Political Ideologies

A **political ideology** is an ethical set of ideas, principles and values on how society should work. What distinguish ideologies is their goals (the shape and nature of its idealized society) and methods (how to achieve or preserve that society).

## Socialist Ideologies

Socialism is a broad term encompasing various philosophies that seek to promte the end of economic exploitation through communal and social ownership of the means of production, seeking to make production for use (direct satisfaction of human needs and economic demands). Nations espousing socialism often seek to end economic and social inequality, though the means to achieve such goals are fiercely debated.

### Social Nationalism

**Social Nationalism** is an umbrella term that refers to movements that are both socialist and nationalistic in nature. Although Social Nationalist movements can have many characteristics that differentiate them from each other as well as different economic and political visions (ranging from anticolonial movements to plain out chauvinism) they all share in common the embracement of socialist and nationalist aesthetics and visions.

### Marxism

**Marxism** is an ideology that suggests that the material circumstances of capitalism lead towards it's overthrow in workers’ revolutions of emancipation. Like other socialists, they criticise social democracy as reinforcing and protecting capitalism, however Marxists also criticise other socialist ideologies for utopianism or reformism. In 1950, Marxists mainly support the party as the organ of revolution, a centralised democracy where achievable, and the general self-determination of nations, but some Marxists oppose some or all of these positions.

### Libertarian Socialism

An umbrella term for strains of socialism which reject the state as an agent for the common good for the people. **Libertarian Socialism** seeks to collectively own the means of production on the community level, with no space for state-run or directed industry. It also advocates for the near-complete devolution of political power, and generally oppose hierarchies of any kind except when determined absolutely necessary. Many Libertarians use the trade union as the basic political unit, as in Syndicalism. They often criticise Marxists and Moderate Socialists for their maintaining of hierarchies, labelling this authoritarian.

### Moderate Socialism

An umbrella term that encompasses many different socialist schools of thought, **Moderate Socialism** is generally used to describe socialists who don't necessarily support a violent overthrow of the capitalist order, and those who seemingly don't support as radical a societal change as other socialists. Moderate Socialists in many occasions prefer to work within liberal democracy to bring about the downfall of capitalism, but not exclusively. This umbrella also encompasses Market Socialists, Religious Socialists, Agrarian Socialists and moderate Syndicalists, who may not have as radical a view of socialism as others.

## Liberal Ideologies

"Capital-L" Liberalism proposes two main kinds of freedom. The first is economic freedom; that people are free to pursue their own economic ventures whether they be operating as individuals or companies. The second is social freedom, that people are free to express themselves in whatever way they please without fear of retaliation from either state or fellow citizen - within reasonable limits, of course. Countries of liberal persuation are often contain one or more elected legislative bodies, but the form of government, implementation of economic policy and relantion to social reforms vary differently.

### Social Democracy

**Social Democracy** promotes the incorporation of socialist ideas - such as welfare and public industries - into the framework of a capitalist market economy. Social democrats today are split on whether to seek rapprochement with the International, or whether to remain steadfast in their liberal identity. In the remaining liberal democracies of the world, they receive criticism from the left for their support of capitalism, while the right accuse them of being entryists that seek to supplant capitalism.

### Social Liberalism

**Social Liberalism** is an ideology focused on regulating the market to ensure its freedom, implementing progressive taxation and expanding individual and civil liberties for citizens, often signifying them as centrists on the political spectrum. Compared to other schools of liberalism, social liberals value human rights and meritocratic policies to a much higher extent, and often run on those platforms.

### Liberal Conservatism

Also known as "Market Liberals" or "Classical Liberals", **Liberal Conservatives** are firm believers in an unregulated free market to create a plutocratic society where the individual may pursue their own life uninhibited by the state. Many liberal conservatives uphold conservative social views, as a lot of them are born into old money.

### Social Conservatism

**Social Conservatism**, often simply referred to as "conservatism" is an umbrella term referring to any ideology that seeks to preserve a society's traditions, philosophies and power structures while still working within a liberal framework. Conservatives oppose any changes in the fabric of society, be they revolutionary or reformist, and tend to keep foreign relations at an arm's length. For this very reason, Social conservatives are often proponents of protectionist economic policies and positions.

## Reactionary Ideologies

Reactionary ideologies are fundamentally based on a idealized version of the past that they claim is superior to the seemingly decadent present. Reactionists value order, law, authority and are not only opposed to social change but seek to completely reverse all previous political and economic progress.

### Authoritarian Democracy

The term **Authoritarian Democracy** is a very loose one, applicable to a number of different political factions with very few constants between other than the fact that democracy takes a more advisory role under their governance. Their policies may otherwise vary from left-esque pseudo-socialist populism to simple high conservatism, or even a mixture of the two or anything in-between. Authoritarian Democracy also ranges through different systems of government from seemingly democratic republics to semi-constitutional monarchies, and may represent a modernising trend in the latter.

### Autocracy

An **Autocracy** is simply put, a nation where one person, or body of people, has absolute (although not always unquestioned) power. The title or position of said autocrat or autocrats varies deeply. Some are monarchs, holding onto ancient power invested in their forebears centuries ago. Others are military strongmen or juntas, having wrested power through force. Then there are those that have come to power through intrigue or even popular mandate. Regardless of their title or rank, they all share in their totalitarian level of power in their respective territory. For this reason, autocrats are able to pursue almost whatever plans or policy they wish, without need for much discussion. Beyond their specific level of control, autocrats can have a variety of economic, social, religious and foreign policies, although they more often tend towards the right.

### National Republicanism

**National Republicanism**, sometimes called **Voynism** or **National Renewal** in nations not aligned with SARPAC is a far-right school of thought pioneered by Boris Savinkov and his National Republican People's Party in Russia. National Republicans are militant, ultra-nationalist, imperialist, populist and devoted to an international crusade against socialism. Almost all National Republican nations are a member of, or at least aligned with SARPAC.

### Fundamentalism

**Fundamentalism** is an umbrella term for various high reactionary ideologies which advocate for an absolute return to "fundamentals", often being religious or total monarchical rule, although other, much more varied or even esoteric, goals do exist. Fundamentalists are usually intensely anti-socialist, nationalist, and militarist, however they tend to view National Republicanism as a flawed or heretical product of modernity, and some may even outright refuse to cooperate with Voynists for this reason, seeing them as just as bad as any other despised ideology.