The Kingdom of Hungary

## Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)

Miklós Horthy

* 1944–1945

Ferenc Szálasi[note 3]

* 1945–1946

High National Counc

### Name

In Hungarian literature, the name Magyar Kyralizág is used for this kingdom, which is also used for the earlier Kingdom of Hungary, which existed until November 1918, when it was replaced by the Hungarian Democratic Republic, while in Serbian, Croatian and Slovak literature the names of these two kingdoms differ , that is, the name "Hungary" (or "Uhorsko" in Slovak) is used for the kingdom that existed until 1918, while the name "Hungary" (or "Hungary" in Slovak) is used for the kingdom that existed from 1920 to 1946 Slovak).

### History

After the withdrawal from Hungary of the occupying Romanian army in 1920, which was there to break the resistance of the newly established communist regime of Béla Kun, Hungary entered a new chaos and struggle for supremacy. On one side were anti-communists and monarchists, while on the other were communists, leftists and others who felt threatened.

At the end of 1920, the right-wing coalition won and returned the constitutional monarchy to the country. The election of a new king was postponed due to the unstable situation in the country and it was decided to appoint a deputy to represent the monarchy in the meantime. The Austro-Hungarian admiral and Hungarian politician Horthy Miklós was appointed viceroy (regent).

The fact is that the Kingdom of Hungary in the period from 1920 to 1944 was a state under the regency of Miklos Horthy, who practically governed it himself, and officially replaced the future king. Attempts by the last Hungarian king, Charles IV, to return to the throne in 1921 were thwarted by the threat of war from neighboring states and a lack of support from Horthy himself.

The first ten years of Horti's governorship were marked by turbulent changes in Hungarian society and social discontent. During the time of Prime Minister István Bethlen, various machinations were made, such as manipulation of elections, an attempt to revise the Trianon Agreement, so that discontent among the people grew, and the economy collapsed.

Finally, in the period from 1929 to 1931, there was a complete collapse of the Hungarian economy and this forced Bethlen to resign. During the following years, the economic collapse enabled the strengthening of Germany's influence in foreign trade exchange and the suppression of other external partners. During the Second World War, the Kingdom of Hungary (a kingdom without a king) sided with the Axis Powers due to various circumstances and was somewhat spared from the war until 1944, when it was occupied by German Nazi forces and in a short time made it a puppet state of the Third Reich.

After the Second World War and the defeat of the Axis Powers, the Soviet forces occupied Hungary and introduced a communist regime, with which the name Kingdom of Hungary ceased to be used and the People's Republic of Hungary was formed

### Borders

The borders of the Kingdom of Hungary were determined by the Treaty of Trianon from 1920. In the Second World War, with the help of Adolf Hitler Germany, the kingdom expanded its borders at the expense of Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia, but after the Second World War, the borders determined by the Treaty of Trianon were re-established.