Henry Pitt Rivers (British Army officer)

**General** **Sir Henry Alexander Augustus Lane-Fox Pitt Rivers** GCB, CVO, CBE, DSO, MC, KStJ, DL (22 June 1921-12 November 2015) was Chief of the General Staff, the professional head of the British Army, from 1976 to 1979, and Lord Lieutenant of Dorset from 1989 to 1996. He saw active service in the Second World War and acted as chief of staff to the commander of the operation to evacuate all British troops and civilians from Aden during the Aden Emergency.

## General

Sir Henry Pitt Rivers

GCB CVO CBE DSO MC KStJ DL

## Some attributes

### Second

Unit: King's Royal Rifle CorpsParachute Regiment

### Third

Commands held: Chief of the General StaffUK Land Forces1st (British) Corps16 Parachute Brigade3rd Battalion, Parachute Regiment

## Other attributes

### Fourth

Battles/wars: Second World WarPalestine EmergencyAden Emergency

### Fifth

Awards: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the BathCommander of the Order of the British EmpireDistinguished Service OrderMilitary CrossKnight of the Venerable Order of Saint John

## Early life

He was the son of Captain George Henry Lane-Fox Pitt-Rivers, one of the richest men in England during the interwar period who was interned by the British government during the Second World War under the Defence Regulation 18B as a Mosleyite Nazi sympathiser, and Hon. Emily Rachel Forster, daughter of Henry Forster, 1st Baron Forster.

 His great-grandfather was Lt-Gen A.H. Lane Fox Pitt-Rivers, whose ethnographic collection, donated to Oxford University in 1883, formed the basis of the Pitt Rivers Museum named after him. He was the younger brother of Michael Pitt-Rivers, who gained notoriety when he was charged with buggery and of Julian Pitt-Rivers, the anthropologist and ethnographer.

## Military career

Educated at Eton College and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Pitt Rivers was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Kings Royal Rifle Corps (KRRC) on 31 December 1939, almost four months after the British entry into the Second World War.

He was not immediately involved in action, however, as he was deemed to be too young, and remained in the United Kingdom until he was posted to the 2nd Battalion, KRRC, then commanded by Lieutenant Colonel George Erskine and in the process of reforming after sustaining severe casualties during the siege of Calais. Pitt Rivers, promoted to lieutenant on 1 July 1941, was to serve with the battalion for the rest of the war and was deployed to North Africa with his battalion in late 1941, he was awarded the Military Cross (MC) on 15 October 1942. After participating in the Second Battle of El Alamein, he took command of 'C Company' of his battalion in March 1943 and remained in that role for the rest of the war. Commanding his company throughout the final stages of the Tunisian Campaign, taking part in the Allied invasion of Italy, the Normandy landings and the subsequent fighting in North West Europe until Victory in Europe Day (VE Day) in May 1945. Throughout this time, from D-Day to VE Day, one of his fellow officers was Edwin Bramall. Like Gibbs himself, Bramall was destined to reach the very highest ranks. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) on 2 August 1945.

With the end of World War II in Europe, Gibbs was posted to the South-East Asian theatre where he served, briefly, as a General Staff Officer Grade 2 (GSO2) at the HQ of Allied Land Forces South-East Asia (ALFSEA). After the surrender of Japan, he was posted to the 5th Parachute Brigade as its brigade major. However, he returned to the 2nd KRRC after the 5th Para Brigade was disbanded. Gibbs was promoted to captain on 1 July 1946 and deployed to Palestine during the Palestine Emergency, serving with the 7th (Light Infantry) Parachute Battalion, part of the 6th Airborne Division (see the 6th Airborne Division in Palestine). He then became an instructor at Sandhurst in December 1948. Promoted to major on 31 December 1952, he was posted as Brigade Major of 5th Infantry Brigade at Iserlohn in Germany and in 1957 he became a staff officer in Whitehall dealing with inter-service planning. In 1960 he was appointed Commanding Officer of 3rd Battalion, Parachute Regiment and in 1963, as a temporary brigadier, went on to command 16 Parachute Brigade which deployed that year to Cyprus in a peace keeping role. Promoted to colonel on 4 July 1964, he was posted to Aden in 1966 as chief of staff to Admiral Sir Michael Le Fanu who was commander of the operation to evacuate all British troops and civilians during the Aden Emergency. He was promoted to the substantive rank of brigadier on 6 December 1966 and appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the New Year Honours 1968.

He was appointed Commander of British Land Forces in the Persian Gulf on 30 April 1969 in which role he re-organised the Trucial Oman Scouts and laid the foundations for what is now the Sultan of Oman's Land Forces. Appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the New Year Honours 1972, he became Commander of 1st (British) Corps with the rank of lieutenant general on 14 January 1972 and Commander-in-Chief, UK Land Forces with the rank of full general on 1 April 1974. Advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in the Queen's Birthday Honours 1976 and having become ADC General to the Queen on 25 June 1976, he became Chief of the General Staff on 15 July 1976. In this capacity he had to deal with the challenges of recruitment and retention in the army at a time of high inflation. He was promoted to field marshal on 13 July 1979 on his retirement from the British Army.

He was also colonel commandant of the 2nd Battalion the Royal Green Jackets from 1971 and colonel commandant of the Parachute Regiment from 1972.

## Personal life

In 1959, he married Fabiola Larios y Fernández de Villavicencio, a Spanish noblewoman, daughter of the Gibraltar born aristocrat Pablo Larios y Sánchez de Piña and his wife Maria Josefa Fernández de Villavicencio y Crooke, who held the title Marquesa de Marzales in her own right. He and Fabiola had two sons and one daughter. Their eldest son is the British explorer Henry Pitt Rivers.

Pitt Rivers lived on the Stepleton estate in Blandford Forum, Dorset, consisting of Stepleton House and 2,000 acres of land, which was inherited by his son Henry (above).

His pastimes were shooting, hunting with the Beaufort, and painting. He was the Constable of the Tower of London from 1985 to 1990 and served as Lord Lieutenant of Dorset from 1989 to 1996.