recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Thurrock Independents

The **Thurrock Independents**, also known as the **Thurrock Independents Party** (**TIP**), are a localist and populist British political party based in Thurrock, Essex, England. It was formed in January 2018 when seventeen Thurrock councillors, including then-East of England MEP Tim Aker, broke-away from the UK Independence Party (UKIP) after claiming to have grown disillusioned with party politics. At its height in 2018, the party was Thurrock Council's official opposition group and had two members in the European Parliament. It has declined after multiple defections and election defeats and now has three Thurrock councillors.

## Description

In 2018, the former party leadership defected to the Conservative party; and were followed soon after by two incumbent councillors who joined the Conservative Group in November 2018. Following losses in the 2018 local election, this left the party with just ten councillors. In December 2019, party leader Luke Spillman and his deputy Jack Duffin announced plans to leave the party and step down as councillors in Spring 2021. However, in January 2021 defected to the Conservatives, keeping their seats on the council. The leader of the party is now Gary Byrne.

As of 2022, the party is left with three councillors out of 49 in Thurrock Council, including its leader, Gary Byrne.

Although Tim Aker joined his council colleagues in the new group, he subsequently stated that he would continue to represent UKIP in the European Parliament for the purposes of Brexit: "UKIP has a job to do in the European Parliament in seeing we get the Brexit we voted for. I will stay as a UKIP MEP. But to better represent my constituents in Aveley, I had no choice but to follow my colleagues and represent the Thurrock Independents." This situation led to some uncertainty about the status of some of the group's members as a number of them work for Aker. Aker subsequently left UKIP and sat for Thurrock Independents in the European Parliament. However, Aker joined the Brexit Party in February 2019. He resigned his seat on the council having moved away from Thurrock; the group lost the subsequent by-election.

During the 2019 United Kingdom local elections, Allen Mayes took the Tilbury Riverside ward of Thurrock from Labour.
Secretary of State for Justice

The **secretary of state for justice** is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with responsibility for the Ministry of Justice. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom. Since the office's inception, the incumbent has concurrently been appointed Lord Chancellor.

The officeholder works alongside the other justice ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow secretary of state for justice, and the performance of the secretary of state is also scrutinised by the Justice Select Committee.

## Responsibilities

According to what is generally known as a justice minister in many other countries, the justice secretary's remit includes:

* His Majesty's Prison Service in England and Wales
* Matters of probation
* The UK’s relations with the governments of the Crown Dependencies (Guernsey, Jersey, and the Isle of Man)

## Creation

The then Lord Chancellor, Lord Falconer of Thoroton, was appointed to the post of Secretary of State for Justice when it was created in 2007. The office of the Secretary of State for Constitutional Affairs was abolished, along with the Department for Constitutional Affairs. The home secretary, John Reid, told Parliament that future secretaries of state for justice would be MPs rather than peers.

## List of secretaries of state

For Lord Chancellors before 2003, see List of Lord Chancellors and Lord Keepers. For Secretaries of State between 2003 and 2007, see Secretary of State for Constitutional Affairs.
Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands

Coat of Arms of the Solomon Islands

The **Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands** is Solomon Islands' head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament. Since April 2019, the prime minister has been Manasseh Sogavare.

Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm; the functions of the head of state are performed on behalf of the monarch of Solomon Islands by the governor-general of Solomon Islands, who is nominated by Parliament.

The prime minister's official residence is Red House in Honiara.
President of Vanuatu

Presidential Standard

The **president of Vanuatu** (French: *Président du Vanuatu*) is the head of state of Vanuatu. The president is elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils.

The president's role is mostly ceremonial. The Constitution grants the president the ability to appoint the chief justice of the Supreme Court of Vanuatu, and three other justices.

In case of vacancy, the speaker of the Parliament will be the acting president of Vanuatu.

From 1906 to 1980 the resident commissioners of the New Hebrides were British and French colonial officials. From 1887 to 1906 the New Hebrides was led by Anglo-French joint naval commissioners.

The current president is Nikenike Vurobaravu, since 23 July 2022.
Prime Minister of Hungary

Coat of arms of Hungary

The **prime minister of Hungary** (Hungarian: *Magyarország miniszterelnöke*) is the head of government of Hungary. The prime minister and the Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Parliament, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate. The current holder of the office is Viktor Orbán, leader of the Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Alliance, who has served since 29 May 2010.

According to the Hungarian Constitution, the prime minister is nominated by the president of Hungary and formally elected by the National Assembly. Constitutionally, the president is required to nominate the leader of the political party who wins a majority of seats in the National Assembly as prime minister. If there is no party with a majority, the president holds an audience with the leaders of all parties represented in the assembly and nominates the person who is most likely to command a majority in the assembly, who is then formally elected by a simple majority of the assembly. In practice, when this situation occurs, the prime minister is the leader of the party winning a plurality of votes in the election, or the leader of the senior partner in the governing coalition.

## Official title

The title of Hungary's head of government in Hungarian is *miniszterelnök*. Literally translated, this means "minister-president". However, since "prime minister" or "premier" is the more usual title in a parliamentary system for a head of government in English-speaking nations, the title is translated as "prime minister" by most English sources.

## History of the office

### Palatine of Hungary

Main article: Palatine (Kingdom of Hungary)

The **palatine** was the highest dignitary in the Kingdom of Hungary after the king (a kind of powerful Prime Minister and supreme judge) from the kingdom's rise up to 1848/1918.

Initially, he was in fact the representative of the king, later the vice-regent (viceroy). In the early centuries of the kingdom, he was appointed by the king, later elected by the Diet of the Kingdom of Hungary. After the Habsburgs solidified their hold of Hungary, the dignity became an appointed position once again. Finally, it became hereditary in a cadet (junior) branch of the Habsburg dynasty after King Francis appointed his brother Joseph.

### Creation of the position

Main article: Hungarian Revolution of 1848

During the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 the revolutionaries wanted the creation of a Hungarian cabinet which would be independent from the Austrian Empire and the Buda Chancellery (which was office of the imperial governor-general). One of the 12 points said: *2. A responsible government in Buda-Pest.*

Ferdinand V appointed Count Lajos Batthyány for the position of prime minister of Hungary on 17 March 1848. The government was called *ministry*, differently from the current acceptation. The ministries were called *departments*. The position was vacant after the defeat of the freedom fight.

## See also

* List of heads of state of Hungary
* List of Hungarian monarchs
* List of palatines of Hungary
Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities

The **secretary of state for levelling up, housing and communities**, also referred to as the **levelling up secretary**, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, and Cabinet minister, responsible for the overall leadership and strategic direction of the Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities (DLUHC). They are responsible for local government in England.

The office holder works alongside the other ministers in the department. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow secretary of state for levelling up, housing and communities.

The position is currently held by Michael Gove since 25 October 2022, having previously held the position from September 2021 to July 2022 under Boris Johnson before being dismissed and eventually being reappointed by Rishi Sunak in October 2022.

## History

The Department of Communities and Local Government was created in 2006 by then British prime minister Tony Blair to replace John Prescott's Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, which had taken on the local government and regions portfolios from the defunct Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions in 2002.

The secretary of state took over the responsibilities of the minister of state for communities and local government. This post, within the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, was created in 2005, on the transfer of several functions from the deputy prime minister himself.

Prime Minister Boris Johnson renamed the position Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities and gave the secretary and the department responsibility for carrying out the promise in the 2019 Conservative Party manifesto of "levelling up".

## Responsibilities

Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities.

* Strategic oversight of department’s business
* Minister for inter-governmental relations
* Cross-cutting responsibility for Levelling Up
* Public Appointments
West Dunbartonshire Community Party

The **West Dunbartonshire Community Party** is a minor political party involved in local government elections in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland. The party was formed in 2015 to contest the 2017 West Dunbartonshire Council election.

## History

In 2015, the party was founded by Drew MacEoghainn along with other community activists. It was decided that the party should have no leader giving an equal say to all members. The Scottish Socialist Party's only elected representative, Councillor Jim Bollan, and his independent colleague, Councillor George Black, joined the party in 2016. The two councillors retained their existing designations until the council was dissolved in early 2017 in preparation for the election that May.

In the election, only Bollan was elected to represent the party, with Black losing his seat in Dumbarton ward.

Bollan retained his seat in the 2022 elections.
Reform Progressive Party (Brazil)

The **Reform Progressive Party** (*Partido Progressista Reformador, PPR*) was a centre-right Brazilian party, formed by the fusion of the Democratic Social Party (PDS) and the Christian Democratic Party (PDC) in 1993. Two years later the party, along with the Progressive Party, formed a new party called Brazilian Progressive Party. The leader of the party was Esperidião Amin, former governor of Santa Catarina in 1983-87.
President of Lithuania

Coat of arms of the President of Lithuania

The **president of the Republic of Lithuania** (Lithuanian: *Lietuvos Respublikos Prezidentas*) is the head of state of Lithuania. The president directs the executive branch of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania and is the commander-in-chief of the Lithuanian Armed Forces. The current president is Gitanas Nausėda who assumed office on July 12, 2019.

## Powers

The Lithuanian president has somewhat more executive authority than their counterparts in neighboring Estonia and Latvia; the Lithuanian president's function is very similar to that of the presidents of France and Romania. Similarly to them, but unlike presidents in a fully presidential system such as the United States, the Lithuanian president generally has the most authority in foreign affairs. In addition to the customary diplomatic powers of Heads of State, namely receiving the letters of credence of foreign ambassadors and signing treaties, the president determines Lithuania's basic foreign policy guidelines. The president is also the commander-in-chief of the Lithuanian Armed Forces, and accordingly heads the State Defense Council and has the right to appoint the Chief of Defence (subject to Seimas consent).

The president also has a significant role in domestic policy, possessing the right to submit bills to the Seimas and to veto laws passed by it, appointing the prime minister and approving the government formed by them, and also having the right to dissolve the Seimas and call snap elections following a successful motion of no confidence or if the Seimas refuses to approve the government's budget within sixty days. However, the next elected Seimas may retaliate by calling for an earlier presidential election.

Finally, the president ensures an effective judiciary, being responsible for nominating one third of the judges of the Constitutional Court, and the entirety of the Supreme Court, for appointment by the Seimas; the president also has the right to directly appoint all other judges.

## Election

Under the Constitution of Lithuania adopted in 1992, the president is elected to a five-year term under a modified two-round system: a candidate requires an absolute majority of the vote and either voter turnout to be above 50% or for their vote share to be equivalent to at least one-third of the number of registered voters to win the election in the first round. If no candidate does so, the two candidates with the most votes face each other in a second round held two weeks later. Upon taking office, the president must suspend any formal membership in a political party.

If the president dies or becomes incapacitated while in office, the Speaker of the Seimas assumes the office until a new president can be inaugurated following fresh elections.
Residents Associations of Epsom and Ewell

The **Residents Associations of Epsom and Ewell** is a local political party in the borough of Epsom and Ewell in Surrey, England. They have held majority control of Epsom and Ewell Borough Council since its formation in 1937. The party is sometimes recorded as Other in national results lists and otherwise recorded alongside residents associations with a single Articles of Association. It consists of ward or multiple ward based residents associations with their own candidate selection rules. These include Ewell Court Residents' Association, Epsom Town Residents' Association and West Ewell and Ruxley Residents’ Association.

The majority of Residents' Associations were formed from the expansion of housing provision in the 1930s, with the aim of bettering the lives of residents and forming a community. This tradition of forming residents' groups on new developments in the borough continues today, such as with Clarendon Park Residents' Association, which was formed in 2001.

Traditionally, throughout the UK, local councillors would stand as independents. However, throughout the 20th century, it became common for councillors to be elected with a party affiliation. Today, Epsom and Ewell Borough Council and Uttlesford District Council are the only two councils in England where Residents' Associations have overall control.

## Structure

There are eleven independent Residents Associations that form the Residents' Associations of Epsom and Ewell. The Standing Committee of Residents Associations (SCoRA) provides a forum for the Residents' Associations to discuss common issues or borough-wide concerns. These meetings are for the Chair and Secretary of the respective groups; however, councillors may be asked to attend these forums to update SCoRA on progress or concerns with the council.

## Election results

### Epsom and Ewell Borough Council

The RA contests all 38 available ward councillor seats and are the controlling group on Epsom and Ewell Borough Council. They currently have 32 elected councillors in the following multiple member wards:

* Auriol – 2 of 2
* College – 1 of 3
* Court – 0 of 3
* Cuddington – 3 of 3
* Ewell – 3 of 3
* Ewell Court – 3 of 3
* Nonsuch – 3 of 3
* Ruxley – 3 of 3
* Stamford – 2 of 3
* Stoneleigh – 3 of 3
* Town – 3 of 3
* West Ewell – 3 of 3
* Woodcote – 3 of 3

### Surrey County Council

Candidates from local residents associations contest county elections under the banner of the Residents Associations of Epsom and Ewell, which is a registered political party. This differs from borough elections, where some residents associations are registered as political parties in their own right, while some are not. They currently have three elected county councillors, in the following single member divisions:

* Ewell
* Ewell Court, Auriol & Cuddington
* West Ewell

The other two divisions have Conservative councillors:

* Epsom Town and Downs
* Epsom West
Stephen Flynn (Scottish politician)

## Stephen Flynn

Official portrait, 2019

**Stephen Mark Flynn** (born 13 October 1988) is a Scottish National Party (SNP) politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Aberdeen South since the 2019 general election.

## Political career

Flynn succeeded Ross Thomson as MP for Aberdeen South, who announced in November 2019 that he would not contest the seat.

Flynn was an SNP councillor on Aberdeen City Council and became group leader in 2016.
Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago

Seal of the Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago.png

Flag of the Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago

### Residence

Prime Minister’s Residence, La Fantasie Road, Saint Ann’s, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago (primary residence)
Prime Minister’s Residence, Blenheim, Saint George, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago

### Salary

TT$ 576,000 annually

The **prime minister of Trinidad and Tobago** is the head of the executive branch of government in Trinidad and Tobago.

The incumbent prime minister of Trinidad and Tobago is Keith Rowley who won the 2015 general election and was sworn in on 9 September 2015 by President Anthony Carmona as the seventh prime minister of Trinidad and Tobago.

## Chief ministers of Trinidad and Tobago

(Birth–Death)
Duration in years and days
 1
 2

## Premier of Trinidad and Tobago

(Birth–Death)
Duration in years and days
 1

1st Independent Parliament (1961–1962)
Prime Minister of Yemen

## Prime Minister of the Republic of Yemen

### Current Holder

Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed (Claimed by Abdel-Aziz bin Habtour - Supreme Political Council)

### Salary

220,000 YER (2011)

The **prime minister of the Republic of Yemen** is the head of government of Yemen.

Under the Constitution of Yemen, the prime minister is appointed by the president, and the former, as well as their Cabinet, must enjoy confidence from the House of Representatives.

The current prime minister of Yemen is Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed. He took office on 18 October 2018, after President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi removed his predecessor, pro-Houthi Ahmed Obeid bin Dagher, from office.

## See also

* Cabinet of Yemen
* Prime Minister of Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen)
* List of heads of government of Yemen
* List of leaders of South Yemen
Prime Minister of Myanmar

State seal of Myanmar

The **prime minister of Myanmar** is the head of government of Myanmar. The post was re-established in 2021 by the State Administration Council, the country's ruling military junta, to lead its nominally-civilian provisional government. The provisional government is subject to the decision-making of the SAC; additionally, there is a significant overlap in the membership of both bodies. There is no provision for a prime minister in the 2008 Constitution of Myanmar, with the president being the constitutional head of government. The current prime minister is Min Aung Hlaing, who is also the leader of the junta and the commander-in-chief of defence services. The post had been used by previous military governments, as recently as 2011.

## History of the office

The position of Prime Minister was created in 1948, with the adoption of the Burmese Declaration of Independence from the United Kingdom. Since then, eleven people have held the office (with two of them doing so on multiple occasions). Due to the country's long period of military rule, it has not been uncommon for the prime minister to be a serving (or recently retired) military officer.

The actual power of the prime minister has considerably varied over time, differing based on who holds the office. In 2004, a power struggle between the then–head of state, Senior General Than Shwe, chairman of the State Peace and Development Council, and his prime minister, General Khin Nyunt, resulted in the prime minister being dismissed and arrested.

The position was abolished on 30 March 2011, according to the current Constitution (adopted in 2008). It provided that the president is both the head of state and head of government. But after the 2015 general election, as Aung San Suu Kyi was constitutionally barred from becoming President, an office named State Counsellor, functionally identical to that of Prime Minister, was established for her on 6 April 2016.

On 1 August 2021, State Administration Council formed the caretaker government and chairman of SAC became Prime Minister.

## See also

* List of colonial governors of Burma
* List of premiers of British Burma
* State Counsellor of Myanmar
* Vice President of Myanmar
President of East Timor

Coat Of Arms of East Timor

The **President of the Democratic Republic of East Timor** (Portuguese: *Presidente da República Democrática de Timor-Leste*; Tetum: *Prezidente Republika Demokratika Timor-Leste*) is the head of state of the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste. The executive powers of the President of the republic are limited however, the President is also the *ex officio* head of the Council of State, able to veto legislation and is the supreme commander of the Timor Leste Defence Force.

## List of presidents of East Timor

### Presidents of East Timor during the War for Independence

See also: Democratic Republic of East Timor (1975)

(Birth–Death)
 1

## See also

* Politics of East Timor
* History of East Timor
* List of colonial governors of Portuguese Timor
* Prime Minister of East Timor
* First Lady of East Timor
San Marino Secretary for Foreign Affairs

Coat of arms of San Marino

The **Secretary for Foreign Affairs** (Italian: *Segretario di Stato per gli Affari Esteri e Politici*) is the minister for foreign affairs of San Marino.

Together with the Secretary for Interior and the Secretary for Finance, this officer is one of the three members of the executive Congress of State directly appointed by the Grand and General Council, the parliament of the republic. Due to the absence of the office of Prime Minister in the constitutional structure of San Marino, the Secretary for Foreign Affairs is traditionally regarded as the head of the Sammarinese government.

Between 27 December 2016 and 7 January 2020, the Secretary for Foreign Affairs was Nicola Renzi of the Adesso.sm left-wing coalition. Since 7 January 2020, the Secretary for Foreign Affairs has been Luca Beccari of the Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party.

## See also

* Congress of State
* Grand and General Council
* San Marino Secretary for Finance and Budget
President of Mongolia

Emblem of Mongolia

The **president of Mongolia** is the executive head of state of Mongolia. The current president is Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh.

Political parties with representation in the State Great Khural nominate candidates. The president was originally limited to two four-year terms, but this was changed to a non-renewable six-year term starting with the 2021 presidential election. The president can be removed from office if two-thirds of the Khural find them guilty of abusing their powers or violating their oath. Before inauguration, however, the president-elect must suspend their membership of any political party.

## Powers of the president

* Nominating a candidate for the office of Prime Minister, who is then approved or rejected by the State Great Khural (parliament). This is a ceremonial responsibility, as the Khural will most likely reject any nominee who is not its own choice – in effect, the prime minister is appointed by the Khural.
* Vetoing the Khural's legislation (can be overridden with a two-thirds majority)
* Approving judicial appointments
* Appointing the chief judge of the Supreme Court of Mongolia
* Chairing the National Security Council of Mongolia
* Acting as commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
* Nominates the prosecutor general, the official in charge of implementing the laws, who is then approved or rejected by the Khural.
* Provides guidelines for the activities of the Government.

## Residences

Generally, Mongolian leaders have lived at the president's residence at the Ikh Tenger Complex (Mongolian: Их тэнгэр цогцолбор). The complex is a protected area in the Bogd Khan Mountain. The residence is located next to the mansions of the Speaker of Parliament and Prime Minister.

### Winter Palace

In 2017, newly elected president Battulga said that he intended to live in the "Winter Palace" in central Ulaanbaatar, also known as the marshal's residence, in a departure from tradition. It is located in the heart of the capital between Peace Avenue and Seoul Street (next to the 1st School and the Russian Embassy). The two story-building was built in 1947 as the residence of Marshal Khorloogiin Choibalsan. It has two luxury rooms and five other rooms as well as 52-80 person capacity banqueting hall.

## See also

* List of heads of state of Mongolia
* Vice President of Mongolia
* Prime Minister of Mongolia
* Chairman of the State Great Khural
Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

The **secretary of state for environment, food and rural affairs**, also referred to as the **environment secretary**, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with overall responsibility for the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom.

The office holder works alongside the other Defra ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow secretary of state for environment, food and rural affairs.

## Responsibilities

The secretary of state has two main responsibilities at the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, to:

* bear overall responsibility for all departmental issues.
* lobby for the United Kingdom in other international negotiations on sustainable development and climate change.
President of Ecuador

National Standard of Ecuador

The **president of Ecuador** (Spanish: *Presidente del Ecuador*), officially called the **constitutional president of the Republic of Ecuador** (Spanish: *Presidente Constitucional de la República del Ecuador*), serves as the head of state and head of government of Ecuador. It is the highest political office in the country as the head of the executive branch of government. Per the current constitution, the president can serve two four-year terms. Prior to that, the president could only serve one four-year term.

The current president of Ecuador is Daniel Noboa. He was elected in 2023 and is currently the youngest president in the country's history.

## History

The presidency of Ecuador has been marked by periods of instability, causing the office to change presidents frequently throughout the history of the country. At least five times, the president's duties have been charged to a provisional government or a military junta. Often, the office has been left to an interim or acting president, many of whom would go on to become president. The president who has served the most terms in office is José María Velasco Ibarra, who served five.

In May 2017 Rafael Correa became the first President in more than two decades to serve out his complete terms in office since Sixto Durán Ballén, who served from 1992 to 1996. Before Correa, a period of deep political instability from 1996 to 2006 also saw a grave economic crisis in 1998-2000. During this time, Durán Ballén's three elected successors, Abdalá Bucaram, Jamil Mahuad and Lucio Gutiérrez, were deposed in popular revolts, followed by military or legislative coups d'États, in 1997, 2000, and 2005, respectively. Since Correa, Lenín Moreno (2017-2021) has also completed a full 4-year presidential term, despite a large 2019 popular revolt that nearly toppled his government.

## See also

* Politics of Ecuador
* List of presidents of Ecuador
* Vice President of Ecuador
Prime Minister of Syria

Seal of the Prime Minister of Syria

The **prime minister of Syria** (Arabic: رئيس وزراء سوريا) is the head of Council of Ministers appointed by the President of the Syrian Arab Republic.

## Nomination

The prime minister is appointed by the president of Syria, along with other ministers and members of the government that the new prime minister recommends.

The People's Assembly of Syria then approves the legislative program of the new government, before the new government formally take office.

There are no constitutional limits on a prime minister's term, and several of them served multiple non-consecutive terms. The Syrian Presidency retains the constitutional authority to appoint or remove the Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers.

## Powers and removal

**Powers:**

* Enforcing laws
* Supervising government bodies
* Passing administrative decisions
* Advising the president
* Overseeing the Cabinet

**Removal:**

* Upon dismissal by the president
* Upon submission of resignation to the president
* Upon removal or resignation of the president
* Upon a vote of no-confidence by the legislature

## See also

* President of Syria
* List of prime ministers of Syria
* Deputy Prime Minister of Syria
* Politics of Syria
Prime Minister of Iceland

Coat of arms of Iceland

The **prime minister of Iceland** (Icelandic: *Forsætisráðherra Íslands*) is head of government of the Republic of Iceland. The prime minister is appointed formally by the president and exercises executive authority along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary support.

## Constitutional basis

The prime minister is appointed by the president under the Constitution of Iceland, Section II Article 17, and chairs the Cabinet of Iceland:

*Fundunum stjórnar sá ráðherra, er forseti lýðveldisins hefur kvatt til forsætis, og nefnist hann forsætisráðherra.*
The [cabinet] meetings shall be presided over by the Minister called upon by the President of the Republic to do so, who is designated Prime Minister.
## Locations

The prime minister's office is located in Stjórnarráðið, Reykjavik, where their secretariat is based and where cabinet meetings are held. The prime minister has a summer residence, Þingvallabær in Þingvellir. The prime minister also has a reception house at Tjarnargata, Reykjavik, which was the prime ministerial residence until 1943.
President of Montenegro

Standard of the president of Montenegro

The **President of Montenegro** (Montenegrin: Predsjednik Crne Gore / Предсједник Црне Горе) is the head of state of Montenegro. The current president is Jakov Milatović since 20 May 2023. The official residence of the president is the Dom Revolucije in Nikšić.

The President is constitutionally limited to two five-year terms of office. A candidate must be a citizen of Montenegro and have lived there for at least ten of the prior fifteen years.

## Term

According to the Constitution of Montenegro, Article 97:

The President of Montenegro shall be elected for the period of five years.
The same person may be elected the President of Montenegro in two terms.
The President of Montenegro shall assume the duty on the date of taking an oath before the Members of the Parliament.
If the mandate of the President expires during the state of war or the state of emergency, the mandate shall be extended for maximum 90 days after the end of circumstances that have caused that state.
The President of Montenegro shall not perform any other public duty.
## Duties

According to the Constitution of Montenegro, Article 95, the president of Montenegro:

1. Represents Montenegro in the country and abroad;
2. Commands over the Army on the basis of the decisions of the Defense and Security Council;
3. Proclaims laws by Ordinance;
4. Calls for the elections for the Parliament;
5. Proposes to the Parliament: candidate for the prime minister, after consultations with the representatives of the political parties represented in the Parliament; president and judges of the Constitutional Court; protector of human rights and liberties;
6. Appoints and revokes ambassadors and heads of other diplomatic missions of Montenegro abroad, at the proposal of the Government and after obtaining the opinion of the Parliamentary Committee responsible for international relations;
7. Accepts letters of accreditation and revocation of the foreign diplomats;
8. Awards medals and honors of Montenegro;
9. Grants amnesty;
10. Performs other tasks stipulated by the Constitution or the law.

### Performance

According to the Constitution of Montenegro, Article 99, in the case of cessation of mandate of the president of Montenegro, until the election of the new president, as well as in the case of temporary impediment of the president to discharge his/her duties, the president of the Parliament of Montenegro shall discharge this duty.

## Promulgation of laws

According to the Constitution of Montenegro, Article 94, the president of Montenegro shall proclaim the law within seven days from the day of adoption of the law, that is, within three days if the law has been adopted under a speedy procedure or send the law back to the Parliament for new decision-making process. The President of Montenegro shall proclaim the re-adopted law.

## See Also

* List of presidents of Montenegro
* Politics of Montenegro
* Prime Minister of Montenegro
President of Slovenia

Flag of Slovenia

The **president of Slovenia**, officially the **president of the Republic of Slovenia** (Slovene: *Predsednik Republike Slovenije*), is the head of state of the Republic of Slovenia. The position was established on 23 December 1991 when the National Assembly passed a new constitution after the separation of Slovenia from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

According to the constitution, the president is the highest representative of the state. In practice, the position is mostly ceremonial. The president can appoint high ranking officials such as the head of the Central Bank of Slovenia, but they have to be confirmed by the parliament. Among other things, the president is also the commander-in-chief of the Slovenian Armed Forces. The office of the president is the Presidential Palace in Ljubljana.

The president is directly elected by universal adult suffrage for a term of five years. Any Slovenian citizen of legal age (18 or more) may run for President, but may only hold office for two terms.

The president has no legally guaranteed immunity and may be impeached.
Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology

The **Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology** is a Secretary of State in the Government of the United Kingdom, with responsibility for the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom.

The first holder of the office is Michelle Donelan. It was announced on 21 April 2023 that during her maternity leave, Donelan would be temporarily replaced as Secretary of State by Chloe Smith, in accordance with the Ministerial and other Maternity Allowances Act 2021.

## History

The office was created by a government reshuffle on 7 February 2023, following a machinery government change, which combined responsibilities from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) with responsibilities from the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) and from the Government Office for Science. The Department and Secretary of State have responsibilities to "deliver improved public services, create new and better-paid jobs and grow the economy."

## Responsibilities

The responsibilities of the Secretary of State include:

* Online Safety Bill
* Oversight of Science and Technology
* Economic and national security
* Skills and Talent
* Landscape review
* Research bureaucracy
* Regulation
* Overall R&D budget
* Horizon Europe
* Advanced Research and Invention Agency
* UK Research and Innovation
* OneWeb shareholding
* British Technology Investments Ltd
Secretary of State in the Cabinet Office

The **secretary of state in the Cabinet Office** is a secretary of state in the government of the United Kingdom, responsible for the work of the Cabinet Office. The position was created on 9 February 2023. The position is unusually styled as secretary of state *in* rather than secretary of state *for*, the style used by other secretaries of state in the United Kingdom. The incumbent is Oliver Dowden who also serves as deputy prime minister of the United Kingdom and chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.

## List

(Birth–Death)
(1978–)
* Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (from 21 April 2023)
Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero

The **Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero** is a Secretary of State in the Government of the United Kingdom, with responsibility for the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom.

The incumbent Secretary of State is Claire Countinho of the Conservative Party.

## History

On 7 February 2023, a government reshuffle meant that the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy was split up into separate departments. The Department for Energy Security and Net Zero took on the energy portfolio and policy functions from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy.

Grant Shapps was appointed the first Secretary of State for the department, having previously been the last holder of the office of Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy from 2022 to 2023. The department was tasked by the Prime Minister, Rishi Sunak, with "securing our long-term energy supply, bringing down bills and halving inflation".

## List

MP for Welwyn Hatfield
MP for East Surrey

## See also

* Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change – ministerial position from 2008 to 2016.
* Minister of State for Energy
Prime Minister of Uzbekistan

This is a list of **prime ministers of Uzbekistan** (Uzbek: O‘zbekiston bosh vaziri), from the establishment of the office in 1925 as the **chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Uzbek SSR** to the present day.

The current prime minister is Abdulla Aripov. He assumed the office on 14 December 2016.

## List of prime ministers of Uzbekistan (1925–present)

### Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (1924–1991)

#### Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars

* Fayzulla Khodzhayev (17 February 1925 – 17 June 1937)
* Abdullah Karimov (26 July – 1 October 1937)
* Sultan Segizbayev (2 October 1937 – July 1938)
* Abdudzhabar Abdurakhmanov (23 July 1938 – 15 March 1946)

#### Chairmen of the Council of Ministers

* Abdudzhabar Abdurakhmanov (15 March 1946 – 21 August 1950)
* Abdurrazak Mavlyanov (21 August 1950 – 18 May 1951)
* Nuritdin Mukhitdinov (18 May 1951 – 7 April 1953) (1st time)
* Usman Yusupov (7 April 1953 – 18 December 1954)
* Nuritdin Mukhitdinov (18 December 1954 – 22 December 1955) (2nd time)
* Sobir Kamolov (22 December 1955 – 30 December 1957)
* Mansur Mirza-Akhmedov (30 December 1957 – 16 March 1959)
* Arif Alimov (16 March 1959 – 27 September 1961)
* Rahmankul Kurbanov (27 September 1961 – 25 February 1971)
* Narmakhonmadi Khudayberdyev (25 February 1971 – 3 December 1984)
* Gayrat Kadyrov (3 December 1984 – 21 October 1989)
* Mirakhat Mirkasimov (21 October 1989 – 24 March 1990)
* Shukrullo Mirsaidov (24 March – 1 November 1990)
President of Yemen

The **president of the Republic of Yemen** (Arabic: رئيس الجمهورية اليمنية) is the head of state of Yemen. Under the Constitution of Yemen, the president is also the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces and head of the executive branch of the Yemeni government.

As of 7 April 2022, the powers of the president are exercised by the Presidential Leadership Council, headed by a chairman. The chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council is vested with sweeping powers, including the ability to unilaterally command the military and appoint governors and other key officials.

The first and longest-serving president of unified Yemen was Ali Abdullah Saleh and the second was Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, who took office on 27 February 2012. The legality of his claim to presidency is in question, as he was the only candidate in the 2012 election and the end of his mandate was originally set for 27 February 2014. His mandate was extended for another year. However, he remained in power after the expiration of his mandate, and on 22 January 2015, he handed over his resignation. He reaffirmed that he intended on resigning two weeks later. After his resignation, the government was assumed by the Houthi Supreme Revolutionary Committee. However, on 21 February 2015, Hadi presented himself as the president again, in Aden. On 7 April 2022, in a televised address, Hadi resigned, dismissed Vice President Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar, and transferred the powers of the president and vice president to the Presidential Leadership Council, with Rashad al-Alimi, former interior minister under President Saleh, as its chairman. The Hadi faction's claim to the presidency is contested by the Houthi Supreme Political Council's chairman, Mahdi al-Mashat, who is only recognized by Iran. Rashad Al-Alimi, met King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, during an official visit to Saudi Arabia on 29 April 2022 for support of all peace efforts in Yemen and the region.

## See also

* President of Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen)
* List of heads of state of Yemen
* List of leaders of South Yemen
Progressive Party (Brazil)

The **Progressive Party** (Portuguese: *Partido Progressista*, PP) was a political party in Brazil founded in 1993 by:

* the **Social Labour Party**
* the **Reform Labour Party**.

In 1995 the party merged with the Reform Progressive Party into Brazilian Progressive Party.

This new party re-changed its name to the Progressive Party in 2003.
Social Democratic Party (Brazil)

The **Social Democratic Party** (Portuguese: *Partido Social Democrático*, PSD) was a political party in Brazil between 1945 and 1965. It was founded by Getúlio Vargas when he transformed his Estado Novo into a multi-party system. The PSD was a centrist party which represented the more conservative wing of the Getulist movement. The other pro-Vargas party was the Brazilian Labour Party (PTB).

The PSD was the most important Brazilian political party during the 1945–1964 democratic period, electing Presidents Eurico Gaspar Dutra in 1945 and Juscelino Kubitschek in 1955. After the coup d'état in 1964, when military dictatorship kicked in, it was banned together with all other parties.

The party relied on powerful networks of rural elites in the less-developed parts of the country. It was dominated by executives appointed by the Getúlio Vargas regime and was therefore strongly interwoven with the state apparatus. It was ideologically moderate, considered centrist by some scholars and conservative by others.

The PSD's representation in the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies steadily shrunk from 52.8% of the seats in 1945 to 28.9% in 1962. By 1963, the Labour Party, PSD's minor opposition party, had more seats than the PSD. A considerable faction within the PSD turned against President João Goulart, a PTB member who had been Vice President until he stood in for retired President Jânio Quadros in 1961, whom they deemed to be too leftist. They therefore supported the military coup d'état on 1 April 1964, making an important contribution to the success of the overthrow.

During the military rule installed by the 1964 coup, the bulk of the party, including most of its leaders, joined the Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB), the only legal opposition party. A few elements of the PSD's right wing joined the pro-government National Renewal Alliance Party (ARENA).

A second Social Democratic Party was founded in 1987, after the end of the dictatorship. It was based in the rural center-west and led by Ronaldo Caiado, leader of the right-wing landowners' association União Democrática Ruralista. In elections it remained completely unimportant.
Prime Minister of Uganda

The **prime minister of Uganda** chairs the Cabinet of Uganda, although the president is the effective head of government. Robinah Nabbanja has been the prime minister since 21 June 2021.

The post of Prime Minister was created for the first time in 1962. In 1966, Prime Minister Milton Obote suspended the Constitution, abolished the post of Prime Minister, and declared himself President. In 1980, the post of Prime Minister was re-established.

The Prime Minister is appointed by the President with the approval of Parliament.

## Office

The headquarters of the office of the prime minister of Uganda are located in the Twin Towers on Sir Apollo Kaggwa Road, in the Central Division of Kampala, Uganda's capital and largest city. The coordinates of the headquarters are 0°18'58.0"N, 32°35'13.0"E (Latitude:0.316111; Longitude:32.586944).

## List of officeholders

### Chief minister of Uganda Protectorate

(Birth–Death)
 1
(1922–1972)

### Prime ministers of Uganda Protectorate

(Birth–Death)
 1