Architecture

Architecture is everything from the decor of a small room to the design of a large city. It's the house you live in, the school you go to, the bus terminal, the city hall, etc. Regardless of what kind of building it is, it consists of different elements that contribute to giving the building its own unique appearance and effect. These are chosen by the architect who drew it, to give a certain effect. For example, a building that should express the power of a ruler can have a facade that seems strict and the room one steps into can seem overwhelming. To understand a building, its history and its effects, you need to know something about the elements that has something to do with its design and effects. It's important to remember that the way the different elements play together is very important.

## Effects

### Shape

An important part of a building is its shape. This is formed out of the walls and roof. It is the shape that is the fundamental part of a building, and it is what the visitor first encounters. The way one experiences the shape of different elements. The basic form of a building generally bases itself upon a geometric shape. It can be a circle, square, rectangle or triangle. The base form contributes in influencing how one experiences the building. For example, it is very different to step into a building with an oblong, narrow base form, than it is to step into a building with a round base form. The oblong room makes you move towards the end wall, while a round room may find rest in the middle of the room.

The base form is often interdependent on what the building will be used for. An oblong room is suited for parades and processions, and is therefore often used in churches and castles. Circle-shaped rooms gives the room an especially elevated mood, because everything gathers at its centre. rectangular rooms often provides good conditions for different forms of residence and gatherings between humans. From large ball rooms to small living rooms. This is because the four corners provides different directions in the room, which makes one gather at different spots, and won't be led in only one direction. Back in the day, the geometric shapes were very important for architects, since one thought that every shape had a divine meaning. For example the circle was the heavenly, while the square was a symbol of the earthly.

#### Geometry

Triangles
The sturdiest figure in construction. They exude a feeling of stability and evoke the idea of power.
*Power, stability, science, excitement, risk, balance, direction, dramatic.*
Examples: The pyramids in Egypt, making structural trusses in roofs and bridges.
Cubes
Circles
Represent celestial bodies like the sun, moon, earth and the eternal whole. They have no beginning nor end. Their graceful curves can be seen as feminine.
Unity and harmony, the eternal whole without beginning nor end, affectionate, warm, love and sensuality, bounce off negativity, offers protection, safety,
Spirals
Principles of design
Hierarchy, Proportion, Similarities, Balance, Emphasis
### Space

Architecture differentiates itself from painting and sculpture through being able to step into it. It has an inner part: the room. This includes whatever the space is enclosed by, whether that'd be walls and roofs, or if the space is a place surroudned by other buildings, fences or vegetation. When you step into a room, it provides your senses an immediate impression of the place. Your senses tells you about the place's colors, light, smells, and sounds. These impressions gives you a feeling of the space's size, shape and delimitation. You gain an impression of the space's atmosphere.

*Is the room open or closed, dark or light, cold or warm, and is the sound in the room sharp or soft?* All these conditions contribute to deciding how you experience the room. The way the room is shaped is not random; The architect has had a specific intention behind the way they've created the room. With different means such as materials, space's size and light, they can create a specific mood in and around the space.

## Typologies

* The residence / house
* The city space
* School

## Topics

* Architectural model making
	+ Tools
* Building materials
	+ Natural
	+ Artificial
* Designs
	+ Sustainability
	+ Energy effiency
* Construction
* Site analysis

Building components
Walls, floors, foundations, roofs, etc.
Building materials
Natural - Mud, stone, sand, wood, leaves, lime, fibres
Artificial
Stone
Granite, marble, sandstone, limestone, etc.
Sand
Result of rock disintegration
Concrete, mortars, plaster
Wood
Deodar, teak, bamboo
Windows, doors, ceiling, roofing
Leaves
Temporary roof structure of palm, palmyra, coconut
Lime
Nicknamed "nature's cement"
Damp proofing material in floors and roofs
Fibres
Coconut husks, jute fibres, banana leaves
Coir fibre, sisal fibre, bamboo fibre, etc.
Main uses: Reduces the growth of cracks to reinforce cement concrete, and improve soil properties
Most natural materials have good durability and accessible.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Holm-Rathje, L.J.  (jan. 2014) Arksite 1 nettundervisning

* NPTEL-NOC IITM: Basic Construction Materials, 2021

Construction
Perkins Builder Brothers: How To Lay Out Walls, Floors, and Roofs | Explaining Layout, 2018