LeapFrog

**LeapFrog Enterprises Inc** (commonly known as **LeapFrog**) is an educational entertainment and electronics company based in Emeryville, California. LeapFrog designs, develops, and markets technology-based learning products and related content for the education of children from infancy through grade school. The company was founded by Michael Wood and Robert Lally in 1994. John Barbour is the chief executive officer of LeapFrog.[1]

## History

### Founding: 1990–1997

The history of LeapFrog traces back to the late 1980s when LeapFrog co-founder Michael Wood, an attorney at Cooley LLP,[2] had difficulties teaching his son how to read.[3] He began researching phonics and marketing while continuing as a partner at Cooley.[3] By 1994, Wood had developed the first prototype of what would become Phonics Desk, LeapFrog's first product.[4] The prototype utilized a Texas Instruments chip that was previously used by one of Wood's clients to develop talking greeting cards.[4] Wood solicited feedback on his prototype from Robert Calfee, an expert on children’s reading development and a professor of education at the Stanford Graduate School of Education.[4]

Wood began manufacturing the Phonics Desk in 1995.[5] That year, Wood resigned as a partner at Cooley LLP and founded LeapFrog Enterprises with Robert Lally.[2] The company received $800,000 in seed funding from friends, family, and former clients of Wood.[2][3]Toys "R" Us became the first major retailer to carry the Phonics Desk shortly before Christmas 1995.[6] Other retailers such as FAO Schwarz, Walmart and Target later began carrying the toy.[6]

### Expansion and acquisition by Knowledge Universe: 1998—2002

LeapFrog had distribution in over 10 countries and a number of major clients in the US by early 1997.[2] In March of that year, the company hired Brad Crawford, who formerly worked for Little Tikes, to oversee sales and manufacturing.[7] Knowledge Universe acquired a majority stake in LeapFrog in October 1997.[8] Knowledge Universe is an education company founded by brothers Lowell Milken and Michael Milken, Larry Ellison, and Tom Kalinske.[6] LeapFrog subsequently merged with Knowledge Universe's Knowledge Kids division.[8] Kalinske, a former executive at Mattel, became LeapFrog chief executive officer as a result of the merger.[9]

LeapFrog acquired Explore Technologies in August 1998.[10] Explore Technologies produced the Odyssey Globe, an interactive globethat could call out the names of countries when users touched the globe with a specially designed stylus.[8] Explore Technologies' stylus technology was later used in LeapFrog's LeapPad, a learning tablet that sounds out words when users drag a stylus across a word in LeapPad books.[11] The LeapPad launched in 1999 and became Leapfrog's flagship product.[11] It was the top-selling toy in the US for the years 2001-2002 and books and accessories for the device were the best selling toy in the US in 2003.[11] LeapFrog opened its LeapFrog Schoolhouse division, which markets LeapFrog products directly to schools, in 1999.[2][11]

### Going public and acquisition by VTech: 2003—present

LeapFrog co-founder Michael Wood became the company's chief executive officer in early 2002.[9] In July, LeapFrog went public on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol LF.[12] Knowledge Universe retained majority control of the company following the initial public offering.[12] Sega Toys and Benesse also began producing LeapFrog toys localized for the Japanese market in 2002.[13] LeapFrog products were sold in more than 25 countries by 2003.[2] Tom Kalinske was appointed LeapFrog chief executive officer following Michael Wood's retirement in February 2004.[9] Kalinske had previously served as LeapFrog's chief executive officer from the company's acquisition by Knowledge Universe in 1997 until early 2002.[9] Wood was retained as the company's chief creative officer.[2] Jeffrey G. Katz replaced Kalinske as LeapFrog chief executive officer in 2006.[2] Katz was previously the founding chairman and chief executive officer of Orbitz and had served on the LeapFrog board for a year prior to becoming the chief executive officer of LeapFrog.[14] Kalinske remained vice chairman of LeapFrog.[14]

LeapFrog discontinued the LeapPad and released its Tag Reading System in June 2008.[15] Tag became LeapFrog's flagship product and was a successor to the 10-year-old LeapPad.[16] The company released its Leapster2 portable learning system and its Didj educational handheld game console in July 2008.[16]

William "Bill" Chiasson replaced Jeffrey Katz as LeapFrog president and chief executive officer in March 2010.[17] Chiasson had most recently served as LeapFrog chief financial officer.[17] Katz was appointed to the newly created position of executive chairman of the board.[17] LeapFrog also released the Leapster Explorer educational handheld game console in 2010.[18] The Leapster Explorer was the successor to the Leapster2 and was targeted toward older children.[18] The console supports online gameplay as well as learning apps, e-books, and videos.[18] John Barbour was named the chief executive officer of LeapFrog in March 2011.[19] Barbour previously served as an executive for Toys "R" Us and RealNetworks.[19]

LeapFrog released the LeapPad Explorer educational tablet computer in 2011.[20] The LeapPad Explorer was designed for children aged four to nine and contained a five-inch touchscreen, camera, microphone, and both downloadable apps and cartridge-based games.[21] In 2012, LeapFrog released its updated LeapPad2 and LeapsterGS.[22][23] The LeapPad Ultra tablet computer and LeapReader were launched in 2013.[24] The LeapReader is an electronic reading and writing and writing system that succeeded the Tag Reading System which only taught reading skills.[24]

The company released LeapBand, its first wearable activity tracker for children, in 2014.[25] LeapFrog also released its LeapPad3 and LeapPad Ultra XDi tablet devices in 2014.[26] In July 2014, the company announced the release of LeapTV.[27] In August 2015, the company announced LeapFrog Epic,[28] its new Android-based tablet for children, which was released in September 2015.[29]

On April 4, 2016, VTech completed its $72 million acquisition of LeapFrog.[30][31]

## Products

LeapFrog's product portfolio focuses on three main families of products: reading solutions, educational gaming, and grade school products and learning toys. Notable products include:

* LeapFrog Epic[28] - An Android-based tablet for children ages 3–9. The tablet runs on the Android KitKat operating system, with a quad-core MediaTek MT8127 processor, 7" multi-touch capacitive screen, front and back camera, video recorder, 16GB of memory and a battery that lasts for 6 hours. The product was released in September 2015 and its MSRP is US$139.99. An updated variant of the Epic called *Academy Edition* was released in 2017, with a redesigned silicone protective bumper and access to the LeapFrog Academy program.[32][33]
* LeapTV - A TV connected video game console that uses motion control. The console has a TV connected camera that tracks motion control of both the controller and the player's body. Like any other current video game console, it has games available in cartridge or download form. The console's release was announced in July 2014 and ended up launching just four months later in September. LeapTV is aimed at ages 3–8.[34][35]
* LeapBand - A wearable activity tracker for children aged 4–7.[36] LeapBand is a wristband that gives commands like "wiggle like a worm" or "pop like popcorn."[25] Children earn joules energy gems by completing challenges, playing the built-in games, moving around in Move Mode, and using the stopwatch. [25] Once they earn enough Joules, they will get rewards, such as new toys & favorite foods for their pet, getting a new pet, and leveling up their pets. [36]
* LeapReader - A specially designed stylus that reads audio books aloud and teaches basic writing skills.[24] The device is similar to LeapFrog's Tag Reading System, although the Tag system did not teach writing skills as does LeapReader.[37] LeapReader was released in July 2013.[24]
* LeapPad Explorer/LeapPad2/Ultra/LeapPad3/Ultra XDi Tablets - The second line of LeapPad products are personalized learning tablets designed for children ages 4–9.[38] When children set up the LeapPad, they enter their grade level and LeapPad automatically adjusts its games and applications to that grade level.[38] The existing library of Leapster Explorer game cartridges and apps is cross-compatible with LeapPad.[22] LeapPad Explorer was released in August 2011.[39] The LeapPad2 was released in August 2012.[22]The LeapPad3 and LeapPad Ultra XDi were released in 2014.[26]
* Leapster/Leapster2/Leapster Explorer/Leapster GS - Portable learning systems for children ages 4–10 with a large library of cartridge games and downloadable learning apps, including e-books, videos, games, and flashcards. The original Leapster was released in 2003.[40] The Leapster2 was released in 2008. The Leapster Explorer was released in 2010. The company subsequently released the Leapster 2 and Leapster Explorer. The Leapster GS was released in August 2012.[23]
* Tag Reading System - A specially designed stylus that has a small infrared camera at the tip that "reads" letters, words and symbols printed on the special dot-patterned pages of books in the Tag library.[15] The system is designed to help children ages 4–8 learn to read.[15] The company released Tag Junior, a system designed for children ages 1–4, in 2009.[41]
* My Pal Scout - A customizable plush toy that can be programmed with various songs and the owner's name and preferences.[42] Additionally, LeapFrog produced various other toys, including toy vehicles, interactive plushes, and toys for the infant market. LeapFrog later released Read with Me Scout, a plush toy that can read aloud books from its product line.[43][44]
* The original LeapPad – A series of now-discontinued educational devices. The products in this family varied in design, but all accepted an insertion cartridge to be used with a book that was placed in the device. The cartridge was activated when a child used a specially designed stylus to touch pictures, words, and shapes in the book.[45] The device would then sound out-touched word, name the shape, or relay information about the picture.[46] The LeapPad was LeapFrog's flagship product from 1999 until it was discontinued in late 2007 (early-mid 2008 outside the US).[15] It was replaced as LeapFrog's flagship product by the Tag reading system.[15]
* Tad's Subtraction Sheet - A discontinued subtraction sheet released in 2013. Used with dry-erase markers.

## Smartphone applications

Leapfrog also develops educational applications for smartphones. These apps include:

* 'Scout's ABC Garden' App - An iOS application that was released in April 2011.[47] The app encourages children to explore letter names and sounds step-by-step, and each child's experience can be customized based on his or her name, favorite food, favorite color and favorite animal.[47]
* Creativity Camera - An iOS application that allows children to take and edit pictures.[48] The application also contains an augmented reality game where users can take pictures of imaginary fairies.[48] Creativity Camera comes with a child-friendly phone case that is shaped like a camera.[49] The app and phone case were launched in 2013.[49]
* Mr. Pencil: Learn to Write - An iOS application that works with a stylus accessory to teach users basic writing skills. It requires iOS 5.0 or later.[50][51] The app was released in 2013.[51]

## Licensing and partnerships

In addition to producing their own toys, LeapFrog also licenses their characters (the Leapfrog Learning Friends) to third parties:

* Kiddieland Limited produces ride-on toys, tricycles, and scooters
* Masterpieces Puzzles produces jigsaw puzzles
* Learning Horizons produces books and various stationeries

LeapFrog also has partnerships with various companies:

* Sega Toys and Benesse produce localized versions of the toys for the Japanese market.[13]
* Macromedia co-developed the Leapster handheld gaming console.[52]
* Lionsgate Home Entertainment has released Leapfrog Learning DVDs series of educational DVDs since 2009, beginning with *Let's Go To School*.[53] Warner Home Videoreleased LeapFrog Learning VHSs and DVDs from 2003 until 2005 (2003-2005 on VHS and 2003-2005 on DVD). PorchLight Entertainment produced all LeapFrog Learning DVDs prior to 2008.[53]

## LeapFrog Learning Friends

LeapFrog has developed various characters for use in house, and eventually licensed the characters for use in third party products. These characters are collectively known as the Leapfrog Learning Friends. LeapFrog continues to develop new characters and has expanded character placement across products and content. Characters include Leap, Lily, Tad, Della, Dan, Dot, Casey, Parker, Tim, Mr. Frog, Mrs. Frog, Mr. Websley, Professor Quigley, Edison and more. Notice in the LeapPad series, Edison is purple. And also in A Tad of Christmas Cheer, Edison is yellow. Most of the characters are discontinued since 2008, but continued on Leapfrog Tag Learning System, Leapfrog eBook, Leapfrog Explorer, and re-released DVDs. The current characters are Leap, Tad, Lily, Cousin Toad (aka CT), Matilda, Burfder, and Quigley on Letter Factory Adventures series. Also, Edison is blue and still here on Let's Go to School until Numbers Ahoy. Scout the Puppy first appeared on The Amazing Alphabet Amusement Park and Numbers Ahoy. Notice that Leap, Lily, and Tad appeared on Let's Go to School until Numbers Ahoy.

In addition, LeapFrog has introduced the Scout and Friends animated DVDs featuring Scout the Puppy and his friends Violet the Puppy, Penny the Hamster and Eli the Cat, along with their sentient car Axle. The Scout and Friends series currently has 4 episodes, and they frequently feature other characters to help the friends learn about various concepts.

## *LeapFrog*

### Starring:

Jessica Straus
Dorothy Elias-Fahn
Robert Klein

### Production company:

Chris D'Angelo Productions
LeapFrog Enterprises

### Country:

United States
Canada

### Language:

English

In 2003, LeapFrog marketed animated DVDs, Letter Factory & Talking Words Factory, whose purpose is to encourage children to learn to read. More recently, they have expanded the series and there are now 16 different titles available.[54] Similar to *Barney & Friends*, *Fraggle Rock*, *Kidsongs*, *Sesame Street* and *Teletubbies* on PBS, LeapFrog is an early educational program designed for children in the 2-7-year-old age group. Distributed by Lionsgate Home Entertainment, it stars Jessica Straus as Taddy "Tad", a frog, Dorothy Elias-Fahn as Lily, another frog who is Tad's sister, and Robert Klein as Edison, a firefly, Also of TV shows from *LeapFrog and Friends* has been released on 2024 opening and 2030 en

### Films

* *Letter Factory*(2003)
* *Talking Words Factory*(2003)
* *Math Circus*(2004)
* *Talking Words Factory 2: Code Word Caper*(2004)
* *Learn to Read at the Storybook Factory*(2005)
* *A Tad of Christmas Cheer*(2007)
* *Let's Go to School*(2009)
* *Math Adventure to the Moon*(2010)
* *The Amazing Alphabet Amusement Park*(2011)
* *Numbers Ahoy*(2011)
* *Sing and Learn with Us!*(2011)
* Scout and Friends: Phonics Farm (2012)
* Scout and Friends: Number Land (2013)
* *Scout and Friends: Adventures in Shapeville Park*(2013)
* Scout and Friends: The Magnificent Museum of Opposite Words (2013)
* *Letter Factory Adventures: The Letter Machine Rescue Team*(2014)
* Letter Factory Adventures: Counting on Lemonade (2014)
* *Letter Factory Adventures: Amazing Word Explorers*(2015)
* *Letter Factory Adventures: The Great Shape Mystery*(2015)
* *Letter Factory Adventures: The Big Musical Words* (2024)
* Mr. Frog & Mrs. Frog’s Journey Adventures (2026)
* The Letter Factory Adventures - and the Spaceship ( 2023)

### Fridge

* *Fridge Phonics +Numbers Magnetic Letter Set LeapFrog* (2003)
* *Word Whammer Fridge Phonics Set LeapFrog* (2003)
* *Fridge Farm Magnetic Animal Set LeapFrog* (2004)
* *Fridge DJ Magnetic Learning Radio LeapFrog* (2005)
* *Fridge Phonics Magnetic Letter Set LeapFrog* (2014)
* *Tad's Fridge Phonics Magnetic Letter Set LeapFrog* (2018)

### Phonics

* *Leap's Phonics Pond LeapFrog* (2000)
* *Phonics Radio LeapFrog* (2003)
* *Leap's Phonics Library LeapFrog* (2006)
* *Letter Band Phonics Jam LeapFrog* (2018)
* *Knows Your Name Phonics LeapFrog* (2024)
* *Play & Phonics Piano LeapFrog* (2024)

### Plush

* *Baby Tad LeapFrog* (2003)
* Knows Your Name Phonics LeapFrog (2020)
* *Knows Your Name Lily LeapFrog and Friends* (2024)
* *Sing & Spin Tad LeapFrog and Friends* (2025)
* *Sing & Spin Lily LeapFrog and Friends* (2027)

## Awards

LeapFrog was awarded the 2011 Toy of the Year Award, Instructor Magazine's 2011 Teacher’s Pick Award 2010, Parent's Best Toys, NAPPA Gold, 2010 Time to Play Award, Golden Apple Award and was placed on The Toy Insider's 2010 Hot 20 and FunFares's 2010 Hot Dozen lists.