recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Human Rights in Singapore

In Singapore, human rights are recognized to include both legal and practical rights. The legal rights of Singapore's people have been codified in the Singapore Constitution since the country's independence in 1965, and include those enshrined in later amendments and referendums. These rights have changed throughout Singapore's history, including as part of the Straits Settlements, during the Japanese occupation, as a self-governing crown colony, and now as a sovereign city-state.

However, like any other country in this world, the people of Singapore have been facing human rights issues. According to the Human Rights Watch "Singapore’s political environment is overwhelmingly repressive. Citizens face severe restrictions on free expression, association, and peaceful assembly through overly broad criminal laws and regulations. The government has aggressively enforced a sweeping “online falsehoods” law that permits government ministers to order the “correction” or removal of online content. The rights of LGBT people are severely curtailed, and sexual relations between men remain a criminal offense. There are no legal protections against discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. Soaring Covid-19 cases among the city-state’s many migrant workers highlighted the cramped, unhygienic dormitories in which most must live."

https://www.hrw.org/asia/singapore
Jollene Levid

**Jollene Levid**, from Northeast Los Angeles, is a community organizer with over 16 years in the women color feminist movement and the labor movement. Jollene received her BA in Political Science and Asian American Studies at UC Irvine and got her Masters in Social Work from the University of Southern California, with a concentration in Community Organization, Policy, Planning, and Administration.

She is the Founding Chairperson of AF3IRM, an anti-imperialist, transnational feminist women’s organization, originally a Philippine mass-solidarity organization. AF3IRM has three campaign areas: anti-trafficking of women and children, immigrant women’s rights, and anti-militarism. She has organized in the Philippines after Typhoon Haiyan via AF3IRM’s “Justice Not Charity” campaign, opened multiple AF3IRM chapters, and engages in direct action organizing as an AF3IRM member.

In June 2020, during an interview about the Filipino community's role in civil rights, Levid told the *Asian Journal* that "[e]very mass movement in our history that has changed the way a state or government or a country has been run, including the Philippines and the toppling of Marcos. People have found a way to contribute in ways that go beyond what you see as a normal protestor on the street.” (Medenilla, 2020).

For her paid work, Jollene has been a union organizer and former union director for over 15 years across the US in majority-women industries: healthcare and education. Jollene is currently a Regional Organizer for United Teachers Los Angeles, the second largest teachers union in the country, which is now getting strike-ready. She specializes in building issue-based workers’ campaigns, training workers, and leadership development. She is also a trained union contract negotiator who has negotiated several contracts with the doctors' and nurses’ unions (Levid, 2018).

Sources:

Medenilla, K. (2020, October 8). *Social justice, activism and allyship: Filipino American History Month kicks off with calls to engage politically, culturally and socially -* Asian Journal News. https://www.asianjournal.com/magazines/mdwk-magazine/social-justice-activism-and-allyship-filipino-american-history-month-kicks-off-with-calls-to-engage-politically-culturally-and-socially/.

Levid, J. (2018, August 28). *Jollene Levid: Speakers Bureau*. Everyday Feminism. https://everydayfeminism.com/speakers-bureau/jollene-levid/.
Women's suffrage in Australia

Since the 19th century, the women's suffrage movement ignited what soon became a consistent fight for respect and power in Australia, through protests and rallies. “Sex, Power, and Anger," were the focal points in these protests exhibiting rage for the mistreatment of women. Although these issues have been ongoing for decades, it's evident that persistence among the protests is steering oppressed groups in the right direction. This particular march took place on the 15th of March outside of the Parliament House, located in Canberra Australia.

The women's suffrage movement was sparked through intimate problems house wives faced on a day to day basis like marital rape, unwanted childbearing, and most commonly physical violence. These issues were addressed by australian federal governments and labeled as a national crisis, but given how common they were, problems as such were overlooked. It seemed like only the most severe ones were worthy and prioritized attention, leaving 80% of unsolved issues neglected.

A “silent epidemic,” is what domestic family violence was labeled as due to how frequent cases came up, but in a slow and discrete manner. Victims are not one to blame as they live in constant fear and embarrassment to only build the courage to speak up. This is also why rape is the least reported crime every year. Social norms were also one to blame considering how in the 20th century husbands were entitled to punish their wives’ behavior. Today’s social customs advocate the opposite but there will always be individuals with “traditional mentalities.”

Because of these outdated perspectives, it is that women all over the globe, but in particular Australia should be encouraged to consistently voice their thoughts and constantly fight for what they believe in. Historically speaking, this issue has been categorized as a cultural phenomenon as a result of failed attempts when passing legislation that addressed underlying causes that enabled violence. Moving forward, it is vital to challenge those with high power and authority to make sure that issues as such are never invalidated but rather find a resolution if peace seems far out of reach.

#### Cited Sources

Piper Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Alana, and Ana Stevenson Postdoctoral Research Fellow. “The Long History of Gender Violence in Australia, and Why It Matters Today.” *The Conversation*, 20 Mar. 2021, theconversation.com/the-long-history-of-gender-violence-in-australia-and-why-it-matters-today-119927.

Woollacott, Angela. “Why the March 4 Justice Matters in Australia's Long History of Feminist Protests.” *ABC News*, ABC News, 26 Mar. 2021, www.abc.net.au/news/2021-03-27/sex-power-and-anger-a-history-of-feminist-protests-in-australia/100030592.
Guam by Madison Torres

Guam is the largest, most populated, and southernmost of the Mariana Islands, and a US unincorporated territory in the North Pacific Ocean. The northeast trade winds and the north equatorial ocean current, which sweeps west across the Pacific, moderate Guam's tropical climate. Native Guamanians, also known as Chamorros, are mostly Malayo-Indonesian in origin, with a significant admixture of Spanish, Filipino, Mexican, and other European and Asian ancestors. Guam has a population of around 170,00 people. The Chamorro language is an Austronesian language that has absorbed many Spanish words over time.

The language of education and trade is English. Because of the large number of visitors.Guam is a US unincorporated territory governed under the Organic Act of Guam, which was passed by Congress and signed by the president on August 1, 1950. The Organic Act made all Chamorros citizens of the United States. Voters caucus during the presidential primary season and send delegates to the Democratic and Republican national party conventions, while not having the right to vote in national elections.

Guam, like the other Mariana Islands, was colonized by an Indonesian-Filipino tribe in the second millennium BCE. The land was thereafter taken by Spain in the 1600s. Fast forward to World War II, when the Japanese invaded Guam shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor and seized the island by December 12, 1941. By August 10, 1944, Allied forces had retaken Guam. It served as a key air and naval station for the bomber squadrons that assaulted Japan near the war's end. It was made a territory under the control of the United States Navy and governed by the United States.

With over a million tourists per year, tourism is the most important component of the economy. Tumon Bay, which has become a popular tourist destination, includes a number of high-end hotels. In Guam even though it is so small many women are affected by sexual and domestic violcnce. There is not a huge gap in equality but it is definitely present. Since 1978, no one has been prosecuted for same-sex sexual behavior, and same-sex marriage has been legal since June 2015. Discrimination safeguards for sexual orientation and gender identity are now in place in the US territory's workplace. Furthermore, since 2009, federal law has included coverage for hate crimes.
Ethiopia -- Collective Harvest 2

For this Collective Harvest, I chose to research and write about the two-day dam talks between Egypt, Ethiopia, and Sudan over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). I chose this event because of my own cultural ties to Ethiopia. Both of my parents immigrated from there because I was born and I have been raised surrounded by Ethiopians, a culture I am proud to call my own. Because of this, Ethiopian politics are a frequent family gathering conversation, increasing my interest in Ethiopian and East African regional affairs.

At this event, the three countries met to talk about Ethiopia’s project to build a dam on the Nile river. This is something that is key to the country’s development, reclaiming resources that other countries have had access to for decades. The negotiations were held in Congo, and ended without an official agreement being made. Ethiopia has also refused to allow the US, UN, EU, and African Union to oversee these negotiations.

Egypt’s foreign ministers claim this shows a lack of willingness for Ethiopia to negotiate in good faith. Sudan’s foreign ministers have even gone as far as claiming that Ethiopia’s moves are a violation of international law. Both countries claim that Ethiopia’s actions are putting all people in the region in danger, stripping them of their water and creating instability in the region. All of these claims Ethiopian officials have yet to respond to.

My research of the dam has only slightly influenced my opinion. The Nile starts in Ethiopia and runs into countries like Egypt and Sudan. However, for the longest time, other countries have benefited from the resources of the Nile, while Ethiopia has not had access to those resources. While the water is important for the economies of other countries, they have had time to utilize those resources and develop in ways that Ethiopia has not. Hopefully an agreement can be made where the dam exists and Ethiopia agrees to share the water, however, I still believe that the dam is a necessity.
Environmental Crises in Japan and Solutions

**Environmental Crises in Japan and Solutions**

While in recent years Japan has strived for a cleaner and more eco-friendly environment, there are many environmental issues the country faces. While a tiny island (when compared to  China or the United States) Japan has an enormous economy, which contributes to its environmental issues.

The biggest issues environmental issues in Japan are:

1. **Waste Management**

Waste and disposal in Japan is, frankly, terrible. This is because due to it’s small size, there is a lack of space that is available to accommodate the millions of people living in Japan that produce excessive trash. Japan destroys almost two-thirds of its waste using incinerators, which contributes to the high amount of dioxin that is in the country’s atmosphere. Japan is managing this issue now by setting up firmer regulations in waste management and creating new innovations/techniques that increases zero waste production. There is also the Kyoto Protocol that Japan is a participant of, which requires CO2 emissions to reduce to a level lower than what it was in the 1990s.

2. **Coral Reef is being Diminished**

It was stated in a report released in 2017 that around 70% of Japan’s coral reef had been destroyed due to “bleaching.” This has also been happening in Australia. Additionally, the Sekisei Lagoon in Japan is also dying due to rising tempetkres. Because there is little research on coral reef bleaching, the solution here is unknown but Japan continues to attempt to make advances in ocean waste cleanup and reducing the effects of global warming on the oceans.

3. **Nuclear Power Plants**

Because Japan’s electric power generation is run through nuclear power plants by almost a third, many of its citizens object to setting up new reactors. This is because Japan is a country that can have bad earthquakes and tsunami’s, which can trigger nuclear meltdowns at the nuclear reactor centers. This has happened before. Many people oppose nuclear power production. To deal with this, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe had stated that Japan had developed a safe way to bury nuclear waste, but there is many concerns about the technology surrounding this technique.

**Citations + Sources:**

Admin. (2019, October 16). 6 key environmental issues in Japan you should know. Retrieved May 02, 2021, from https://greencoast.org/environmental-issues-in-japan/

Smith, B. (2020, October 14). Japan: Environmental Issues, policies and clean technology. Retrieved May 02, 2021, from https://www.azocleantech.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=539#:~:text=One%20of%20the%20biggest%20environmental,can%20accommodate%20this%20trash%20production.

https://www.oecd.org/environment/country-reviews/2110905.pdf —> The Environmental Performance Review of Japan
China

'**Made by Christina Turner**

For my class ,GLST 302 - Global Issues**,I decided to write my report on the country of China .**

It is the 3rd largest country in the world ,that is located in the eastern part of Asia.A rising superpower ,it has the biggest population in the world. Its national animal is the Giant Panda. The Yuan ,is its current currency.
GLST 302 SS 2022 Countries

# GLST 302 Spring Semester 2022

Hello GLST 302, spring semester 2022 class. Below you should be able to find the pages to the different countries both you and your peers have researched this semester.

## Countries

* Afghanistan by Fatema Nushin
* Bhutan by Kaylin Turk
* China by Frances Guyot
* Denmark by Francis Doherty
* Ecuador by Grace Gillman
* El Salvador by Adamaris Ramirez
* Ethiopia by Acsah Lemma
* Finland by Erica Cruz
* Guam by Madison Torres
* Guatemala by Marisa Robb
* Guyana by Nancy Fleischer
* India by Sydney Padilla
* Ireland by Emma Hanf
* Japan by Mugita Kurosaki
* Kashmir by Beverly Cummins
* Kenya by Emma Chang
* Laos by Shayanne Yang
* Malaysia by Evan Schilling
* Mexico by Jamar Clark
* Norway by Oleksandr Kostiuk
* Palestine by Christian Escobar
* Philippines by Marcy Credo
* Russia by Mari Gavelovska
* Singapore by Gulzar Shamurzaeva
* South Korea by Desirae Sagurit
* Taiwan by Loren Thatcher
* Thailand by Emily Longeuay
* Tibet by Yelesey Leshchuk
* Turkey by Alecia Perez
* Ukraine by Blake Daniels
* United Kingdom by Jayden Barnes
* Vietnam by Aliyah Lemma
* West Africa by Robert Fields
* Yemen by Ethan Machado
Collective Harvest 4 -- Environmental Crisis

Ethiopia is one of two African countries that has never been colonized. While it was temporarily occupied by the Italians, the Battle of Adwa named Ethiopians the victors of that Ethiopian- Italian conflict, the first African country to win against European imperialism. Despite this, Ethiopia is still affected by a legacy of colonialism, creating strained relations with neighboring countries and weak infrastructure within the country.

Often when people think of Ethiopia, they do not think of the country I know, with developed urban cities that have electricity, running water, fancy hotels, and more. Instead they think of the desert and little huts, completely erasing what Ethiopia truly is. This is where we can see the effects of colonialism, with the “victors” controlling the way that the rest of the world is perceived, despite that vision of Ethiopia being false.

In terms of environmental crisis, one major issue that Ethiopia and surrounding countries have been facing are arguments regarding a dam on the Nile River. The Nile begins in Ethiopia. Despite this, other countries are the name ones who flourish with it, with places like Egypt benefitting the most. As a result of this, Ethiopia wants to place a dam on the river, allowing the country to use hydroelectric power to develop and support its citizens. This has been a major source of contestation amongst other countries. These countries worry that Ethiopia’s dam will prevent them from using the resources of the Nile the same way they had in the past, hindering their development at the benefit of Ethiopia. Hopefully a compromise can be reached that allows everyone to access these resources.
The “Colonization” of Morocco and its Effect on the Amazigh People

\*Will be using the word Amazigh instead of Berber as it is what the Amazigh people choose to call themselves (although I believe they are interchangeable)

In Morocco, the Amazigh, commonly known as the Berbers, are the indigenous people of the region and have resisted invasion and colonization (at least the formal definition) over centuries from the Roman, Arab, and French, to name a few (“Berbers”, 2001). The Amazigh people are normally identified as an ethnically different group from the Arabs who came to Morocco around 681 AD (Gross & McMurray, 1993). When France became a protectorate in 1912, the French, who behaved as colonizers, tried to make the Amazigh become their allies against the other Arab groups across Morocco. Their ideology was that since the Amazigh were of a different ethnicity than Middle Eastern Arabs, and were closer related to Europeans due to their proximity to the European continent, they were deemed superior (ibid).

With time, as the Amazigh became a minority in their country, their rights and interests were not prioritized. For example, in the year 2000, oil fields were discovered in Morocco and the American company Lonestar was given access to the site. Mohammed Boulkoumit, a farmer and family man, describes “It’s our land, not theirs. They grabbed it without the slightest apology. One day, they arrived on my land with their diggers, and planted their flags. And said the land was now theirs” (“Berbers”, 2001). This led to the recent rise in the Amazigh movement which supported other struggles that advocate for students, women, and other human rights movements (Silverstein, 2012). The rise of Amazigh activism happened around the same time as the Arab Spring. During a moment in which African and Middle Eastern countries were rejecting the unjust systems that had been influenced by their colonial pasts, Morocco and the Amazigh people provide a positive example of pluralism within their society (ibid). In many ways, they are an example of resisting colonization and advocating for the decolonization of society.

**References**

Berbers: The Proud Raiders | BBC World Service. (2001, April 23). Retrieved from https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/people/highlights/010423\_berbers.shtml

Gross, J., & McMurray, D. (1993). Berber Origins and the Politics of Ethnicity in Colonial North African Discourse. *Political and Legal Anthropology Review,* *16*(2), 39-57. Retrieved May 2, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/24497815

Silverstein, P. (2012). A New Morocco? Amazigh Activism, Political Pluralism and Anti–Anti-Semitism. *The Brown Journal of World Affairs,* *18*(2), 129-140. Retrieved May 2, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/24590868
Malaysia by Evan Schilling

Malaysia is a Southeast Asian country located between Thailand, Indonesia, and Singapore, while being close to Cambodia and Vietnam. It is a small to medium size country. There are two parts to the country, one on the mainland next to Thailand and the next part sharing the island of Borneo with Indonesia. The Malay Peninsula is formed with the eastern part of Indonesia. The landscape is pretty much the same on both the mainland and the island, there are coastal plains, hills and mountains. Malaysia also has the 29th longest coastline in the world. The climate has a lot of high temperatures with humidity, heavy rainfall, and monsoons being in the tropical latitudes.

The population is around 32.37 million people. There are many ethnicities in Malaysia, but the three biggest are Malay, Chinese, and Indian. Malaysia has its own indigenous populations as well. Many people speak Malay, officially called Bahasa Malaysia, Chinese, and English.

Malaysia has had a long history of colonization. They have been colonized by the Chinese, Japanese during the time of Imperialization, and by Britain. With all the colonization and its neighboring countries, it has made the country very diverse in its history and culture. With British rule lasting a while, a lot of westernized ideas were implemented in the country and it became heavily based on retail and transportation. The Japanese occupation during World War II was a threat in the modern times.

Recently Malaysia has been getting hit with a lot of floods. They are forming because most of the country having a coast and heavy rainfall. These floods are affecting both the natural areas of the country and urban areas where people live. These floods have displaced thousands and killed many.

Malaysia's Environmental Crises by Evan Schilling

Malaysian Nature Society by Evan Schilling

Infographic
B’tselem: Social Justice Organization - Palestine & Israel

**B’tselem is a "Non-Partisan Organization that is internationally recognized for data entry and documented abuses of Israelis towards Palestinians in occupied regions." The organization campaigns about the many conflicts taking place within the Israel-Palestine regions; with attempts to 'End the Occupation,' discussion about the Gaza Strip and East Jerusalem along with the Apartheid that is taking place. B’tselem motto for their organization is that of "*Israel’s regime of apartheid and occupation is inextricably bound up in human rights violations. B’Tselem strives to end this regime, as that is the only way forward to a future in which human rights, democracy, liberty and equality are ensured to all people, both Palestinian and Israeli, living between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea."*** **The organization was founded in 1898 with its goal of documenting all of Israel's violations towards Palestinians living within the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem. The non-partisan organization is considered a Justice warrior because of the way they challenge state legitimacy towards Israel and their goal of international recognition. B’tselem has won many peace and Human rights awards throughout their campaign; International awards such as "*Carter-Menil Award for Human Rights (1989, jointly with Al-Haq); the Danish PL Foundation Human Rights Award (2011, jointly with Al-Haq);  the Stockholm Human Rights Award (2014) and the Human Rights Award of the French Republic (2018, jointly with Al-Haq). B’Tselem’s video project also received various awards, including the British One World Media Award (2009) and the Israeli Documentary Filmmakers Forum Award (2012)."* The achievement of these awards helps B’tselem to become more recognized throughout the world of media and society and assist in helping to unveil the injustice that is occurring within the occupied regions of Israel.**
Singapore by Gulzar Shamurzaeva

Singapore is a country made up of 63 islands. The largest and most important of them is the namesake island of Singapore, which also serves as the state's capital. Singapore has a total size of 714.3 km2 and has been progressively expanding owing to a land reclamation program that has been in existence since the 1960s. The population is estimated to be around 5.5 million people. The climate is tropical, with heavy rainfall and high humidity.

Singapore is a religiously diverse country. Buddhism is practiced by 40% of the population. The vast majority of Chinese people adhere to traditional beliefs that mix Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism, and ancient animism. The bulk of Muslims are Malays, however, Islam is practiced by individuals from all over the world. Christianity is practiced by 14% of the population. English, Putonghua, Malay, and Tamil are the official languages. As I understood, Singapore used to be a British colony until 1945 after that Singapore was detached from the Straits Settlements to become a separate Crown colony in 1946. Under a new constitution, on 3 June 1959, Singapore became a self-governing state (Hill,2017).

What drew me to Singapore was its rapid transformation from a destitute city-state to an affluent if the small, country. Singapore, a resort country, has emerged as Southeast Asia's business and financial hub, as well as a popular tourist destination. I found that “Lee Kuan Yew's People's Action Party (PAP), founded in 1954, has been the dominant political party, winning every general election since 1959. The PAP's popular support has rested on law-and-order policies buttressed by economic growth and improved standards of living.”

Interesting facts about Singapore:

* Singapore is among the 20 smallest countries in the world, with a total land area of only 682.7 square kilometers. The United States is about 15,000 times bigger.
* The red of Singapore’s flag represents universal brotherhood and equality of man while the white symbolizes purity and virtue. The crescent moon stands for a young nation on the rise and the five stars signify the ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice and equality.
* Singapore is a member of the group “East Asian Tigers”, along with South Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong, because all these countries have experienced huge economic growth in the past few decades.
Norway Postcolonial Issues by Oleksandr Kostiuk

## Postcolonial Issues

Even though the colonial past of Norway is considered finished, some indigenous people still keep their colonial traditions and values. The example are Sami people, who pass their land and traditions through generations. This is the issue because postcolonial values are different. Indigenous people are often forced to leave their historical lands because of economic and political reasons. Their land is used to build vacation cabins, hotels, or other commercial infrastructure.
GLST 302 Justice Warrior Wiki

### Social Group

In this assignment, choose an individual or group working for social justice in a theme that you have not looked at before, or one that you have but you want to look deeper into or look at a different angle or aspect of, and create a Wiki page about that person or group. Label the group you choose to write about followed by your name.

* Fatema Nushin
* Kaylin Turk
* Frances Guyot
* Social Justice Warrior Denmark
* Grace Gillman
* Adamaris Ramirez
* Ifrah Ahmed
* Jyri Jaakkola by Erica Cruz
* Blue Ocean Law by Madison Torres
* Marisa Robb
* Nancy Fleischer
* Sydney Padilla
* Giovanni Aquila
* Emma Hanf
* Japan's Social Justice Warrior by Mugita Kurosaki
* Beverly Cummins
* Justice Warrior in Kenya by Emma Chang
* Shayanne Yang
* Evan Schilling
* Fondo Semillas in Mexico by Jamar Clark
* Oleksandr Kostiuk
* Christian Escobar
* Marcy Credo
* Gulzar Shamurzaeva
* Lee Tai- Young (South Korea) by Desirae Sagurit
* Loren Thatcher
* Emily Longeuay
* Yelesey Leshchuk
* Alecia Perez
* Blake Daniels
* Jayden Barnes
* Aliyah Lemma
* Robert Fields
* Ethan Machado
* Svetlana Agapitova by Mari Gavelovska
* Giovanni Aquila Indonesia Social Environmental Justice Wahyu Perdana Indonesia
Ecuador Decolonization by Grace Gillman

Prior to Spanish colonization, Ecuador was home to a mostly indigenous population, composed of Inca and smaller Indigenous groups residing in mostly rural areas. The arrival of the 1500’s came a new wave of terror across the region. Spanish conquistadors arrived across the land, bringing weapons, disease, and oppressive tactics against the natives that lived there. The Indigenous populations battled the conquistadors to retain ownership of their land, resources, and materials, but were no match for the military and government power of the Europeans. Cities were burnt to the ground, and tens of thousands of natives were killed or forced into slavery. This region of what is now Ecuador, would fall under the reign of the Spanish empire, with many small Indigenous communities still residing in rural areas (to this day, as well).

A new society arose, thus forming a hierarchy based on racial caste. Those of Spanish (*white)* descent remained at the top, the mixed/Mestizo population *(those of both Indigenous and Spanish descent)* made up the middle class, and the Indigenous population was subjected to lower class status and the brutality that it would be accompanied with. Indigenous Ecuadorians were subject to slavery, forced religion, loss of identity, and dehumanization at the hands of the colonizers.

After hundreds of years of oppression, Ecuador achieved independence from Spain in 1820. By this time, the country had become visibly full of European influence and architecture, and adopted a combination of culture influenced by both Native Ecuadorian and Spanish customs and societal norms. There was now a large Mestizo population, however the Indigenous community still remained lower class.

The Indigenous population remains widespread across the country to this day, however so does the concept of ethnic superiority as ethnocentrism is still the narrative. Native Ecuadorians are at a higher risk of poverty, with things like colorism and the oppression of Indigenous peoples remaining extremely prevalent in Ecuador. Centuries of colonization have resulted in a strong sense of Indigenous pride for those communities still remaining. Ecuador by Grace Gillman
Taiwan Decolonization by Loren Thatcher

Taiwan has been decolonized several times in the past, but is still not an independent country. After WW2 Taiwan was decolonized by Japan and given to China. This has created many problems for Taiwan today because they are unable to seek independence without risking a war. Very recently Taiwan has begun a movement called the "Taiwan Independence Movement" opposing the idea of Chinese reunification. China insists that they should not try leaving because they are just two different sections of the same country, yet if they did try leaving they would be faced with punishments. This is essentially a trap for Taiwan to remain colonized by them. For now, the two remain in limbo until one of them makes an official declaration on their country's status. If this does happen it will almost certainly result in a war between the two.
Post Colonialism Guadalajara- where to go from the scars from the past

Guadalajara has a rough history with Colonialism. This can be seen from its basic foundations from the beginning of the city. Although not city built on the bones of the conquered, the intent was for there to be essentially a base camp for the plundering of the surrounding area to be stored and where people from Spain can accumulate, redistribute and govern through that wealth. This went on for hundreds of years. Then when the Mexican revolution was fought out, the French intervention occurred, which lead to a different type of colonialism. even though this occupation lasted a mere 2 years or so before Mexican military reconquered the area, the scars left from French architecture and culture, it changed the identity of the city forever. and being the Capital of Jalisco, it sent ripples down to the other provinces.

This history, and the beginnings of a Post colonialism revolution, This can be a perfect time to give the city a revitalization of culture. a counterculture if you will. it could create something new for the city and include all of there different communities and possibly create a new culture all together.
SJW (South Korea) by Desirae Sagurit

## Lee Tai-Young / **이태영**

Born in August of 1914 Tai-Young was born in Pukjin, Unsan County in what is now North Korea. Unlike most girls at the time her parents prioritized school over work and sent Lee to school with the other boys. Eventually she studied at Chung Eui Girl's High School in Pyongyang and graduated Ewha Womans University with a bachelors in economics in 1936 with a wish to become a lawyer. She would then marry her husband, Yil Hyung Chyung who was imprisoned in the 1940s for being an "anti-Japanese" and a suspected spy for the United States during Japan's colonization of Korea. As a result, Lee had to prioritize work as a radio singer, school teacher, and other forms of home work to maintain her family with four kids. After WWII, and with her husband's encouragement, she continued her studies and became the first woman to enter Seoul National University, considered the most prestigious university in South Korea, and three years later in 1952 became the first woman to pass the National Judicial Examination making her the first Korean woman lawyer in history.

In 1957 she opened her law practice, Women's Legal Counseling Center, which provided services to poor and illiterate women, a population she noticed was grievously underserved, and hoped to improve their circumstances and stand up for their rights. The same year she would publish numerous books, such as her 1972 book "Common sense in Law for Women" and a translation of Eleanor Roosevelts book "On My Own", that would all cover women's legal issues in South Korea.

Lee and her husband also participated in the 1976 Myongdong Declaration which called for the return of civil liberties to South Korean citizens and publicly embraced political views in favor of liberal democracy so much so she was arrested as an enemy of the government and the then president Park Chung-Hee. In 1977 she received a three year suspended prison sentence, a loss of her own civil liberties, and disbarment for ten years. Even so, her law firm continued to flourish and evolved into the Korea Legal Aid Center for Family Relations, the first of its kind. Over the next 20 years Lee and nine other female lawyers would handle over 90,000 cases and would lobby successfully for more legislative changes to South Korean laws that disadvantaged women.

Lee received international acclaim for her work in expanding legal access and rights for women and in 1975 she was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award (also known as Asian Peace Prize) for Community Leadership "for effective service to the cause of equal judicial rights for liberation of Korean Women". Years ears later she received the International Legal Aid award, the World Methodist Peace Award, the Honorary Doctorate in Law from Drew University, and the Conference Award when she participated in the World Peace Through Law Conference.

She passed away in December of 1988 at 84 years old and her repeated refrain, ideology, and fight that "No society can or will prosper without the cooperation of women," continues today.

## Sources

Reference 1

Reference 2
Region: Israel-Palestine

**Focusing on the Middle Eastern region; we're going to be talking about Israel & Palestine, of course it is important that we include both because they are both nations that have been recognized by majority of the UN and it is an ongoing conflict between Israel-Palestine about what areas of the region belong to whom. The landscape of these nations is not big at all and in fact that's where majority of the conflict lies, because the land in this area of this middle east is a back and forth debate; it's important we acknowledge them more by sectors and use Jerusalem as Israel's owned land while we talk about Palestine and West bank as the Arab nation. The city of Jerusalem is considered a sector of Israel and is difficult to talk about because its split in many parts in order to allow the Jewish and Muslim followers to share the 'holy land.' If we want to discuss the numbers for how large the land owned by Israel is compared to what they share with Palestine; Israel is "21,937 sq km" while Palestine is only "6,220 sq km."**

Mfa.gov.il, mfa.gov.il/MFA/AboutIsrael/Maps/Pages/Israel-Size-and-Dimension.aspx.*, mfa.gov.il/MFA/AboutIsrael/Maps/Pages/Israel-Size-and-Dimension.aspx.*

*GoPalestine. “How Big Is Palestine?: The Palestinian Center.”* Go Palestine*, 17 Sept. 2019, gopalestine.org/how-big-is-palestine/.*

“History in Israel.” *Frommer's*, www.frommers.com/destinations/israel/in-depth/history.

*Mfa.gov.il*, mfa.gov.il/MFA/AboutIsrael/Maps/Pages/Israel-Size-and-Dimension.aspx.
China :Environmental Crises & Solutions/Resistance

With Corona-virus running amok,its taken its toil on the world;An *environmental crises* it is for sure. However mankind has been through worst and humanity evolutionary *resistance* is a game-changer .The *solutions* for this pandemic is everyone working together for the greater good and creating safe remedies for it. Stay safe and stay strong!

China has had fair share of environmental crises ;Air pollution,water shortages,and desertification are some examples. ( Not to mention of course,the fallout of Corona virus.)

Activists protests for China "eco-friendly" betterment in a resistance to the their land declining state.The Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE) are enforcers of environmental law on their "war on pollution."

Solutions lie in the people to help protect the planet,starting by recycling and volunteering to help out etc.
Guam Decolonization by Madison Torres

To explain the process of decolonization effects on Guam first the process of what Guam has had to endure must be discussed. The Spanish began invading Guam in 1521, resulting in the near-total annihilation of the indigenous Chamorro population. Those who did survive had their culture taken away from them violently. Guam was under Spanish colonial administration for more than 300 years. When the United States seized sovereignty of the island in 1898, it changed hands again. During WWII, Japanese soldiers took control of the island. Guam was re-occupied by the United States in 1944, and the island was constituted as a territory in 1950. The United States proceeded to take and occupy Chamorro land after the war as part of its "rebuilding" efforts. Guam's indigenous peoples have strong emotional and ancestral links to this place. The evidence of trauma throughout history is undeniable. Psychological discomfort was reported 50 percent more frequently by Chamorros than by Guam's white population. Furthermore, these bouts of poor mental health lasted longer and were more distressing. Chamorros had a 2.5 times higher risk of serious psychological discomfort than white people. These are just some of the side effects of decolonization, and it is still not completely decolonized because the US still claims Guam as a territory.
Justice Warrior Wiki: Anand Giridharadas

Anand Giridharadads is an American writer who has taken a stance against the ultra rich, and criticizing big philanthropy. This person is from America, but has studied extensively in India, and all over the globe. In an episode of Patriot Act, he was a guest speaker in which he explained his realization of how the ultra rich have this reputation where they are saviors to all the "common folk" and ultimately know what's best for society. Giridharadads' motivation is to "make it so Batman is unnecessary." He wants to make it so that the world doesn't need rich people to take care of us, because it is ultimately too much power for one person, and while they can do good things, it is far too much influence and power for a single person to have. While it is good to have success, we shouldn't suffer due to the greed of the rich because they might not be thinking in the society's best interest.
K-DOC

### About

K-DOC is a documentary channel on YouTube from the Korean broadcasting network, KBS. Their biography says the following:

* "Hello World! This is KBS, once again at your service! We want to share with you some Korean videos that make you go, “oof, this is Korea?” Our content will unveil the dynamics of this country -- from beauty, politics, culture, and even to the societal problems we face! If you want a lively secondhand experience that feels so much like the first, Then you know what to do! 😉 . . . KBS (Korean Broadcasting System) Documentary about Korea in general."

While K-DOC is a documentary team under KBS, it is still important to recognize their mission statement and position as social justice warriors in Korea. On their channel, they have several series that serve as sub-docs for their overall documentary of youths, culture, race and ethnicity, discrimination, and more.

### My Neighbor, Charles

*My Neighbor, Charles* is a regularly aired series on KBS. In April of 2021, KBS released a special episode focused on multicultural Korean children and their experience of growing up in Korea. The cast consisted of 5 adolescents, 11 year-old Angel, 14 year-olds Fate, Daniel, and Asia, 15 year-old Ewha, and 17 year-old Gabriel. They shared examples of discrimination, hobbies, and other details of what it's like to live in Korea and have ancestry from other countries. One primary topic that ruled the show was skin color. Within the docu-series, points were made specifically to spread awareness of racial discrimination and the hurdles of youth.
Philippines by Marcy Credo

The Philippines is a country of archipelago in Southeast Asia. There are 7,640 islands and the country is approximately 300,000 sq km. Neighboring countries include Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Taiwan, and mainland China. The Philippines also shares maritime borders with its neighboring countries, Japan, and Palau. The nation was named in the 16th century after Philip II, who was the king of Spain during the time the Philippines was colonized. The United States gained control of the Philippines in 1898 after the Spanish-American War, but the Philippines fell under Japanese occupation during World War II. In 1946, the Philippines gained independence under a United States style constitution.

The Islands are filled with mostly mountains, with coastal lowlands ranging from narrow to large. Due to its location, the Philippines’s climate is tropical and maritime. Temperatures are relatively high, with high humidity and heavy rainfall. As of 2020, the Philippines population sits at 109.6 million people with its gender ratio being 102 males per 100 females. In the same year, there was 30.04% of people from the ages 0 to 14, 64.45% aging from 15 to 64, and 5.51% that were 65 years old and older. There are many languages spoken in the Philippines, the 4 indigenous languages being Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, and Hiligaynon. English is also considered to be an official language of the Philippines.

The country is endowed with rich mineral resources, and is home to one of the world's largest deposits of copper, gold and chromite. The Philippines's economy is diversified with sectors of agriculture, industry and services all contributing to growth. However, GDP per capita has fallen behind growing East Asian economics as of the pandemic. The nation is facing large public debt and is limited in financial resources, along with millions of people living in poverty. The Philippines deals with a corrupt government, abuse in human rights cases, and discrimination.

GALANG Philippines by Marcy Credo

Philippines Environmental Crises by Marcy Credo
CHINA - Resistance on the Ground by: Darren Thompson

by: Darren Thompson
We the people are the resistors or is it government or is it corporate greed. Essentially the theme of greed takes over. However is this greed from the individual? Temptation of the forbidden fruit is what we really want. How do we tackle taking down the government('s) for climate change and environmental awareness? Well that time seems to have come and it is not the governments that are resisting as much as it is the people. We people like our creature comforts. Of course as money comes into play so does the thought process of material goods. Maybe our ancestors had it right with their harmonious acts of playful community. Although there is advancement of technology too that must coexist.
China has been very vocal about their willingness to reduce carbon. This is important as they are the leader by many accounts in producing the most. Taking a stand is clearly a clue that they understand the importance of the matter. Below is an article which discusses the controversy and resistance factors faced by a nation that shares in the worlds resistance that is omnipresent today.

For the full article click the link (a selection is presented below the link).
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-01-25/china-s-sweeping-climate-goals-meet-resistance-on-the-ground-kkcgmp8i
Local governments and industry executives are finding ways around President Xi Jinping’s pledge to be net zero by 2060

Earlier this month, the eastern Jiangxi province revived plans to build a damthat would regulate the flow of the Poyang Lake, the country’s largest freshwater body and an important resting area for birds. The project had been mothballed for a decade, with conservationists warning that it would alter natural water flows between the Poyang and the Yangtze River, further harming an already fragile ecosystem. The local government says the dam would alleviate worsening droughts in the Poyang, in part caused by the Three Gorges Dam located upstream on the Yangtze.

The surprise decision to move ahead with the Poyang dam came two months before a law protecting the Yangtze comes into effect, spurring speculation among activists that the Jiangxi government wants to get construction started before the new rules ban such projects. In its notice seeking public feedback, the Jiangxi government couched the project in slogans associated with Xi’s green push. It said the dam would “adjust the interactions between the lake and the river in a scientific way” and “protect the environment.”
MADRE

"In all corners of the world, mothers are turning their heartbreak and horror over climate change and environmental devastation into creative solutions."

MADRE partners with local women’s organizations to take action against climate change. We help advance grassroots solutions like building clean water systems to guard against drought and seed banking to preserve future harvests. And we bring grassroots women's voices to influence national and international climate policy discussions.

Together with our partners, we help people to heal from gender violence and become powerful advocates to end it. We build clinics and counseling centers. We equip women with tools to prevent abuse in war and disaster. And every day, we affirm that gender violence doesn’t have to be a fact of life.

Peace depends on women. MADRE supports grassroots women’s groups striving to create peaceful, just communities in which everyone can thrive. Together, we bring urgent aid to communities, work to address root causes of conflict and advance rights through women’s participation in peace processes.

MADRE created an initiative to bring global women’s voices and solutions to progressive policymaking in the US: the Feminist Policy Jumpstart.

We want US policymakers to champion gender justice and human rights across domestic and foreign affairs. We want to build avenues for activists and organizations, locally and globally, to engage with progressive political leaders.

Leveraging our 35 years of working with women in more than 50 countries, the Jumpstart advances a feminist policy agenda developed in partnership with grassroots women worldwide. We create the space for progressive policymakers to hear directly from women whose communities are impacted by US policies and who offer solutions to some of the most urgent crises of our time. We know that when we listen to women and girls at the grassroots, we can create policies that are better for everyone.