Wizards of the Coast

**Wizards of the Coast LLC** (often referred to as **WotC** or simply **Wizards**) is an American publisher of games, primarily based on fantasy and science fiction themes, and formerly an operator of retail stores for games. Originally a role-playing game publisher, the company originated and popularized the collectible card game genre with *Magic: The Gathering* in the mid-1990s. It also acquired the popular *Dungeons & Dragons* role-playing game by purchasing the failing company TSR, and further increased its success by publishing the licensed *Pokémon Trading Card Game*. The company's corporate headquarters are located in Renton, Washington, United States.

Wizards of the Coast publishes role-playing games, board games, and collectible card games. They have received numerous awards, including several Origins Awards. The company has been a subsidiary of Hasbro since 1999. All Wizards of the Coast stores were closed in 2004.

The company also produced sports cards sets, releasing association football, baseball, basketball, and American football series.

## History

Wizards of the Coast was founded by Peter Adkison in 1990 just outside Seattle, Washington, and its current headquarters are located in nearby Renton. Originally the company only published role-playing games such as the third edition of *Talislanta* and its own *The Primal Order*. The 1992 release of *The Primal Order*, a supplement designed for use with any game system, brought legal trouble with Palladium Books suing for references to Palladium's game and system. The suit was settled in 1993.

In 1991, Richard Garfield approached Wizards of the Coast with the idea for a new board game called *RoboRally*, but was turned down because the game would have been too expensive for Wizards of the Coast to produce. Instead, Adkison asked Garfield if he could invent a game that was both portable and quick-playing, to which Garfield agreed.

Adkison set up a new corporation, Garfield Games, to develop Richard Garfield's collectible card game concept, originally called *Manaclash*, into *Magic: The Gathering*. This kept the game sheltered from the legal battle with Palladium, and Garfield Games then licensed the production and sale rights to Wizards until the court case was settled, at which point the shell company was shut down. Wizards debuted *Magic* in July 1993 at the Origins Game Fair in Dallas. The game proved extremely popular at Gen Con in August 1993, selling out of its supply of 2.5 million cards, which had been scheduled to last until the end of the year. The success of *Magic* generated revenue that carried the company out from the handful of employees in 1993 working out of Peter's original basement headquarters into 250 employees in its own offices in 1995. In 1994, *Magic* won both the Mensa Top Five mind games award and the Origins Awards for *Best Fantasy or Science Fiction Board Game of 1993* and *Best Graphic Presentation of a Board Game of 1993*.

In 1994, Wizards began an association with The Beanstalk Group, a brand licensing agency and consultancy, to license the *Magic* brand. After the success of *Magic*, Wizards published *RoboRally* in 1994, and it soon won the 1994 Origins Awards for *Best Fantasy or Science Fiction Board Game* and *Best Graphic Presentation of a Board Game*. Wizards also expanded its role-playing game line by buying *SLA Industries* from Nightfall Games and *Ars Magica* from White Wolf, Inc. in 1994. In 1995, Wizards published another card game by Richard Garfield, *The Great Dalmuti*, which won the 1995 *Best New Mind Game* award from Mensa. In August 1995, Wizards released *Everway*.