Scottish English

Scottish English (ScE) is a variety of English spoken in Scotland. The interregional, regulated type is Scottish Standard English or Standard Scottish. Scottish English can be defined as "the characteristic speech of the professional class (in Scotland) and the accepted form in schools". Aside from distinct pronunciation, grammar and expressions, Scottish English has a distinguishing vocabulary, particularly about Scottish institutions such as the Church of Scotland, local government and the education and legal systems.

Numerous Scots speakers separate the Scottish language and Scottish English as contrasting registers depending on social circumstances. Some speakers' codes switch clearly from one to the other, while other styles shift in a less predictable and more oscillating manner. Generally, there is a shift to Scottish English in formal situations or with individuals of a higher social status.

Over the centuries, the language in Scotland has changed, with Scottish English at one end of a bipolar linguistic continuum and broad Scots at the other. In many ways, the Scottish language has influenced Scottish English.

## Grammar

The continuous verb tenses are used more frequently than in other varieties of standard English - for example, some stative verbs (I'm wanting a drink). The future of continuous often implies an assumption (You'll be coming from Edinburgh?).

In certain areas perfect aspect of a verb is indicated using "be" as an auxiliary with the preposition "after" and the present participle. As an example, "He is after going" instead of "he has gone" (this construction is loaned from Scottish Gaelic). The definite article seems to be more frequent in phrases such as "I've got the cold/flu", "he's at the school", or even "I'm away to the kirk".

Often, speakers use prepositions differently. The compound preposition "off" is often used (Take that off the table). Scots commonly say, "I was waiting on you" (meaning "waiting for you"), which means something entirely different in Standard English.

In everyday speech, shall and ought are scarce, must is marginal for obligation and may is rare. Here are other syntactical structures:

The words "shall" and "ought" are scarce in everyday speech, while "must" is marginal for obligation and "may" is rare. For example, "What age are you?" (meaning "how old are you?"), "I'm just after telling you" (meaning "I've just told you) and "Amn't I invited?" (meaning, "Am I not invited?"). In Scottish English, the first-person declarative I amn't invited, and interrogative Amn't I invited? are both possible.

## Differences Between Scottish and Irish

Scottish and Irish contrast in the quality of their intonation and accent. Some claim that the Scottish are abrupt, while the Irish are nicer since they speak very lively and happily. Essentially, Gaelic is pronounced in Scotland as "Gah-Lick," whereas it is pronounced "Gai-Lick" in Ireland. Grammar and some intonations differ in Scottish and Irish, even though they may sound alike at first. This is because they are both a part of the Gaelic language.

Although each came from Gaelic, these two dialects are very distinct. There is a debate about whether they are different dialects of the same language or not the same in any way, shape or form. But truthfully, they sound very different, and each nation has its own dialect and vocabulary.

In Ireland, Gaelic is known as merely "Irish," which is recognised as the official language of the nation, and it is required to be taught in government-funded schools.

The pronunciation and spelling of words differ between them. Conversely, northern Irish people can understand Scottish Gaelic. Albeit, in other ways, the language is sometimes considered intelligible. English is the official language in Scotland, and Gaelic is only recognised as a minority language.