Augustus Trevelyan

**March 1994:**

* Self-employed (present/before death)
* Russian Intelligence Officer (present/before death)
* 00 Agent (formerly)

Use hacking to steal huge sums of money and then use Tempest EMP orbital weapon to wipe the trace of theft.
Establish a new, post-cold war empire in his name (all failed).

### Crimes

Treason
Conspiracy
Terrorism
Cyber-terrorism
Blackmail
Murder
Attempted bank robbery

### Type of Villain

Egotistical Traitor

**Augustus Trevelyan** was the original main villain of the James Bond movie *GoldenEye*. He was created by screenwriter Michael France and appears in the January 1994 storyline he drafted, as well as its March 1994 revision, before the producers found France's finished scripts unsatisfactory and hired other screenwriters to rework his ideas for the final script.

Per screenwriter France's first two GoldenEye drafts, Trevelyan was a MI6 senior of James Bond who defected to Soviet Union due to decline of the British Empire. But because of the fall of Soviet Union and his steadily declining influence in modern Russia, he now aims to rob astronomical sums of money to establish his own empire.

His plan was roughly the same as in final version; stealing a Russian EMP space weapon(s), then using hackers to steal money and then using the weapons' EMP explosion to wipe trace of the theft. Only few details are different, like orbital EMP weapons being named "Tempest" and his target being New York City's banks. With his plan leaving UK and Russia at each other's throats and US's economy in ruins.

The character had storied and complex development history, dating all the way from 1977. However, various causes resulted the character's introduction to be delayed, and ultimately unrealized. After Jeffrey Caine was hired to rewrite France's script, the character would begin its expeditious evolution towards Alec Trevelyan, the villain of the final release of GoldenEye.

## Development history

### Before GoldenEye

EON Productions had mulled the introduction of Bond's senior MI6/mentor character since 1977, following the release of Spy Who Loved Me. Initially, *For Your Eyes Only* was meant to be the follow up for the aforementioned movie. The original plan was to feature **Timothy Havelock**, the father of that film's Bond girl, to be the senior agent/old comrade of James Bond, who would've been killed during the story. The plans were upended by the surprise smash hit of Star Wars, with producers realigning to make *Moonraker* to ride off Star Wars' success.

When EON reattempted *For Your Eyes Only*, the early drafts featured the Bond girl again as either a daughter or girlfriend of "006". But these details would not make it to the final version.

The mentor character was revisited in the early stages of Bond 15 (ultimately The Living Daylights), which was intially envisioned as a sort of prequel-reboot (which was later realized in 2006's Casino Royale). In the "unmade", Bond was a green-horn of MI6, mentored by the present 007, **Burton Trevor**. The two would have gone on a mission in Asian jungles to take down a Chinese warlord named Kwang. The mission, quite like in the final GoldenEye, goes sour and Trevor dies at the hands of Kwang to allow Bond to escape. The rest of the movie would had been Bond seeking vengeance on Kwang, and upon completing the mission, MI6 would allow Bond into the Double-0 section and designating him "007", his mentor's codename. Although Albert Broccoli deemed it to be a fine script, he had concerns that the movie-going public would "not want to see young Bond."

The concept was revisited yet again in Timothy Dalton's unmade third Bond movie from the early 1990s. Three plot outlines were devised about this unmade Bond 17; the **May 1990 draft**, **July 1990 script** (both by Michael G. Wilson and Alfonse Ruggiero) and **January 1991 draft** (by William Osborne and William Davies). The movie was meant to be centered at Hong Kong and feature lot of technology, with character **Denholm Crisp** (renamed **Gordon Denholm** in Jan 1991 draft) would have been introduced midway through the story, a older agent and close friend of Q.

There is a misconception that Denholm Crisp/Gordon Denholm was meant to be a villanous character. However, none of the three scripts imply the character to be villanous. In-fact, the character is one of Bond's most reliable allies in the story, and in the January 1991 draft, he admires Bond so much that even his chaffeur knows Bond from things Denholm has told him.

The cause for this misconception is probably due the fact that Denholm Crisp is identified as a MI6 agent who is notably older than Bond, like Augustus is, and both characters were meant to appear what was meant to be Bond 17.

The 1990/1991 stories were not produced due to EON's issues with its parent company MGM, and numerous of other problems due to its controversial owner Giancarlo Parretti. From February 1991, EON would halt the production for Bond 17, with the lawsuits ending by December 1992. However, due to the lawsuits, the producers would lose intrest in the Hong Kong plot, with Timothy Dalton's contract also expiring.

It was reported that in May 1993, EON had hired Michael France to write the upcoming Bond movie. France would submit his first draft in either August 1993 or January 1994 - titled GoldenEye and introducing Augustus Trevelyan as the main villain. France would then submit a revised script in March 1994.

### GoldenEye pre-production changes

There are apparently multiple reasons and/or combination of factors why the **Augustus Trevelyan** character fell through. One generally believed cause is because EON was unable to convince the actors they wanted to take the role - notably late Alan Rickman and Anthony Hopkins. There is also belief that Timothy Dalton, whom the Bond producers wanted to return, leaving the project necessitated altering the entire nature of the movie, affecting Trevelyan's characterization in the process. It is also known that Bond producer Barbara Broccoli found Michael France's scripts (dated January and March 1994) to be too unstructured, which resulted in her bringing in screenwriter Jeffrey Caine to rewrite it.

The definitive changes to the character started from a script written by Jeffrey Caine dated *July 6 1994* (after Pierce Brosnan had been announced the new Bond actor in June 8th). Here, the character becomes **Alexander Trevelyan**, codename 004, who is considered MI6's top agent and only a few years senior to Bond (compared to Augustus who was in his 60s). It is stated that Caine is responsible for rewriting Trevelyan closer to his iteration in the final film - with additional touches by Kevin Wade and Bruce Feirstein. Further revisions would result in the character being reworked into same-aged peer of James Bond, **Alec Trevelyan**, played by Sean Bean.

## Personality

He is described as a man in his 60s, "unmistakeably British, but just as unmistakeably home in Russia." Much like the final version, Trevelyan often makes remarks about Bond's flaws. Though here, Augustus often carries the attitude of superiority as means of asserting dominance over Bond, rather than seeing Bond as a mindless government thug, as "Her Majesty's loyal terrier."

In the January '94 draft, Augustus, while arguably even more personal than Alec, is also unambiguously more disagreeable/unsympathetic.

Motives between Augustus and Alec differ. Alec was mainly motivated by the British repatriation of Lienz Cossacks and then being exploited by the same government for covert ops that never amounted to anything ("Sorry old boy, but everything's changed!"), giving atypically sympathetic traits to a Bond villain. Augustus on the other hand is quite shamelessly out only for himself, wanting to be a man of power in what he deems to be the "winning empire". Unlike Alec, he didn't betray England because he hated the country, but because Augustus simply deemed it to be a sinking ship that's too bothersome to commandeer.

In the Jan '94 draft, Bond has nothing but contempt towards Augustus and has to resist the urge to outright kill him during their first reunion. However, in March '94 draft, Bond feels guilt over failing to save Augustus, much like the final version.

## Skills

In the January '94 draft, Augustus is more present in his own scheme, but appears less physically capable due to advanced age. He generally fights by shooting his opponents when they are unable to defend themselves and the only physical altercation he gets into is the final fight, where he attacks the already well exhausted/wounded Bond *after the antenna has collapsed* (which kills Alec in the final version).

In the Jan '94 draft, he employs significantly larger amounts of named henchmen than in final version, 8 (counting Alexei, Jordan, Tyson and Emil/the Sommelier) compared to 3 in the final film. Furthermore Pushkin acts as a neutral challange in the original script, whose command of Russian soldiers were passed on to General Ourumov in the final version.

In March '94 draft, while Augustus is introduced to audience earlier like before, he and Bond will meet only in the midway point. Furthermore, number of henchmen Augustus employs has significantly been reduced. Here, he relies on 3, with Pushkin still as a neutral obstacle for Bond.

## Biography

***NOTE: This sypnopsis is based off the January 1994 draft.***

### Severnaya Raid

Augustus Trevelyan is introduced right after the opening music titles, when he and his underlings - including tech genius **Alexei Makvenio** (prototype for Boris Grishenko) and **Savatier** (mute gunman, heavily-scarred akin to Alec's half-burned face) - raid a Nuclear Missile silo located at Severnaya Zemlya in Kara Sea (instead of the fictionalized Severnaya in South-Eastern Evenkiysky District / 62.08N, 102.58E). The base contains a vault with the control-module laptop for the three Orbital EMP-weapons known as "Tempest" 1-3 (These would be later renamed "GoldenEye" with only two of them, Petya and Mischa).

They pretend to be from Russia's Atomic Energy Control, boarded on multiple unspecified EMP-proofed transport copters (instead of a single 2-seat Eurocopter Tiger in final). As they approach the island, they engineer one of the ICBM warning alarms to indicate a radioactive leak. They are granted access and proceed to massacre the base's occupants.

Alert goes off at the silo, prompting unspecified MiG interceptor aircraft deploy from the Nevsky Aircraft carrier (which doesn't exist, there was a cruiser Aleksandr Nevsky which was decommissioned in 1989.) Augustus and his men set one of the Tempest EMPs to explode upon Severnaya to cover their escape. The first Tempest explodes and destroys the MiGs that were sent to intercept, while Trevelyan's copters remain unharmed.

### Murder of Tempest Devs and Briefing

After the theft of Tempest weapons system, Augustus' men begin killing its developers. Trevelyan's other major henchmen - namely **Xenia** (more sedate than her final version), **Morley** (later uses a flame-thrower) and **Ilya** (big guy posing as "Repairman") are introduced here - killing the developers. One of the dead developers catches the eye of MI6 and they send Bond to Moscow, Russia to investigate the KGB-like murders.

Later, Augustus is dining at his personal mansion, being informed by man named **Jordan**, that he will get the rest of the codes to use the other Tempest EMP. He is then briefed by his henchmen about the status of Tempest developers. They have killed all except for Makvenio (who is with Augustus) and one **Marina Varoskaya** (I.E prototype Natalia Simonova), who has survived two assassination attempts. **Tyson**, the henchman responsible for the first attempt on Marina (along with another henchman **Emil**/"the sommelier", who was killed by Bond), which took place at the pre-title train action sequence, explains that Bond's intervention allowed her to escape their grasp. Mention of Bond delights Augustus, who declares that he wants to see Bond one more time, before seeing to that he dies. Augustus notes to Ilya (responsible for the second attempt) that he has failed to kill Marina, but Savatier kills Tyson to psyche Ilya into not fail Augustus again. (This would used in The World is Not Enough, where Renard seems to try kill Davidov first, only to kill Arkov and orders Davidov to take his place.)

### Bond's arrival in Russia

After Bond has arrived in Russia and met with his contact Romaly (replaced by Jack Wade in the final) and General Pushkin, Trevelyan reveals himself and lures Bond to him. The two have a talk, during which Bond can barely hide his contempt towards him.

Afterwards, Bond goes to his Moscow Hotel suite, where Augustus has sent Xenia to try manipulate Bond into a trap within Military Archives, with prospect of finding info about Marina (whom Bond knows as the woman from the train) as bait. At the Archives, Bond survives a gas trap, Xenia's machine gun fire and capture by the Militsiya.

Bond heads to find Alexei Makvenio, the remaining Tempest developer, who is at some sort of Nuclear weapons test/disposal site, akin to one from The World Is Not Enough (where Bond meets Christmas Jones and Renard for the first time). Marina, who has been hiding and avoiding authorities, arrives to find Alexei as well. She meets with him, only to then be subdued by Ilya. Bond arrives roughly same time, but goes investigating the files, finding a peculiar thing that belongs to Makvenio.

Bond eventually finds Alexei, realizing his part in the scheme, but Bond is knocked out too. Alexei and Ilya drag Bond and Marine to place full of warheads, but Bond comes to and strikes Ilya, which causes him to shoot all over the place and killing Alexei. Bond and Marina manage to escape through the blast doors, leaving Ilya to die in a explosion. After making to safety, Bond and Marina are captured by Russian security forces and taken to a safe-house to be questioned (like the aftermath of Tiger explosion in final).

### Safe house & St. Petersburg

Bond and Marina are brought to a safe house where the two talk for a short while, like Bond and Natalia do in the final movie. Subsequently, Bond has a flashback to the event where Trevelyan betrayed him and defected to Soviet Union - basically final GoldenEye's pre-titles, but happens in the middle of the movie.

In the flashback, Bond, along with two other 00 agents - male 003 and female 005 - are shown sneaking into the same safe house Bond and Marina are in the present. There, they find that Trevelyan is being escorted out in handcuffs. Bond manages to take out the guards and signals Trevelyan to move. However, Trevelyan goes to a nearby truck and turns on the headlights, highlighting Bond and giving his position away. Guards open fire and try chase down Bond, while the entire area gets illuminated, with now 003 and 005 exposed. However, it is Trevelyan who picks a gun from one of the dead guards and shoots 003 and 005 dead.

Bond gets away and uses his binoculars to witness the massacre at the safe house's yard. 003 and 005 dead, all the while Trevelyan and an anonymous Russian general appear all chummy. Bond is shook by this betrayal.

Back in the present, Marina has been taken to be interrogated. Soon, Trevelyan and his men (including Savatier, Morley and 4 other henchmen) arrive in a attack helicopter with cargo-capacity (presumably a Mil Mi-24) and raid the base. Trevelyan meets Bond again, holding him at gunpoint. Trevelyan explains that he wanted to defect to Soviet Union, but as the head of MI6, he had to really prove his loyalty to Russians. As a result, he set up 003 and 005 to be killed, and after his defection was complete, he bled all the information he could to Soviet Intelligence, subsequently securing a strong position there. All the while Savatier and other henchmen go executing survivors. After his chat with Bond, he cocks his gun and attempts to execute Bond, only for a wounded Russian officer to alert Trevelyan, who shoots the officer, while allowing Bond to escape.

Bond finds Marina and ends in a fight with Morley, where Marina grabs a gun and shoots the joint of Morley's flamethrower. The flamethrow bursts in fire and explodes, with Bond saving Marine from the blast. Bond and Marina escape in a nearby monoplane, which wings get clipped and are forced to maneuver the plane like in 2015's Spectre. They hide in a small logging hut for a while, until the helicopters armed with saws (like in The World is Not Enough) attack the hut. They are forced to ski down the slopes to escape them. They board a train at the Urals, which takes them to St. Petersburg.

At St. Petersburg, Bond and Marina are confronted by bunch of Militsiya, who taken them to a room. There, it turns out there were bribed by Romaly, who tells that Bond needs to get out of country, since Pushkin thinks he is responsible for the safehouse massacre. Regardless, Bond orders Romaly to take him to the Kronstad Bank, with the trio boarding Romaly's Silver Rolls-Royce. At the bank, Bond uses Makvenio's gadget - called "Chop" - to open a safe that belonged to latter. From there, he finds clues to Trevelyan's scheme, notably about GeoCom.

In secret, Trevelyan and Xenia follow Bond and Marina's actions, as well as executing Jordan (who was tasked to find detonation codes for other Tempest EMPs), for outliving his usefulness. Bond, Marina and Romaly go over what Bond has found from Makvenio's safe. Romaly tells Bond that GeoCom is a satellite company and that it's headquartered at "St. Latrelle" in Carribeans - thus setting Bond to find Trevelyan's base. Romaly has also supplied Bond and Marina a plane to leave the country and reach St. Latrelle.

Soon, Pushkin and the Militsiya arrive and chaos ensues. Bond distracts Pushkin while Romaly is left to take Marina to safety. However, Xenia attempts to shoot Marina, with Romaly taking the bullet for her. After Bond talks Pushkin down, he mounts a horse and chases Trevelyan's henchmen across the streets of St. Petersburg, while some kind of carnival is going on. Ultimately, Bond finds Xenia and Marina, but Bond gets taken down by Xenia. Xenia almost kills Bond until Marina again finds a gun and shoot Xenia dead.

### Caribbean Islands, St. Latrelle

With help of Q, NATO manages to shoot down one of the Tempest EMPs. However, the other remaining one deploys countermeasures that repel attempts to destroy it, leaving NATO now unable to stop the remaining Tempest EMP from being used.

Bond and Marina now head to Caribbean Islands on a plane. Marina uses Makvenio's intercept cypher which allows her to zero towards the location of Augustus' base, "St. Latrelle". It is basically just the real life Arecibo Observatory, except with barb wiring and armed guard monitoring the perimeter - unlike final version where the dish is hidden in a large lake in a Cuban jungle. Furthermore, it contains a cave complex - somewhat akin to N64 game's "Caverns" - that's full of armories and fighter jets of various nationalities. The dish is also made of actual plates to cover the caverns, while in final movie, there is hard concrete between the dish and the main command center.

As they reach the dish's airspace, Bond and Marina's planes are attacked by "two sleek, cutting-edge" attack helicopters without tail rotors (I.E NOTAR system). According to concept art by Syd Cain, the copters were meant to be MD Helicopters MD 520N. Following a extremely elaborate aerial fight sequence against the copters, Bond and Marina dive out of the copter and parachute inside a small cavern - akin to a scene in 2008's Quantum of Solace. Marina goes to one of the towers holding the antenna's beam steering mechanism (i.e real life Arecibo's monitoring posts) and programs a fake-self destruct on Tempest in order to secretly route it to Trevelyan's base. Meanwhile, Bond accesses the cavern complex and sets bombs on explosive ordnance by some of the fighter jets. However, Bond is spotted and chased down by guards, ultimately running into the computer epicenter - designed like "inside of New York Stock Exchange (I.E the trading floor) as if designed by Ken Adam" - and right into Trevelyan's hands.

Trevelyan begins explaining his plan to Bond. Bond notes about Trevelyan's massive arsenal of weapons, to which the latter tells he has bases like these all over the world. Trevelyan tells that, because British and Soviet Empires have fallen, it is time for him to start his own. He explains that he is using his hackers to steal money from New York Banks, and that once done, he uses the remaining Tempest's EMP pulse to devastate the city and wipe any trace of theft-by-wire. Bond raises the prospect of untold deaths, to which Trevelyan shrugs off by claiming them to be "mere dust on the globe."

Guards bring Marina to the epicenter. The guards tell that she has been fiddling with the terminal, and what Trevelyan has feared her doing since the start of the assassinations of the Tempest developers, may have come true. The technicians determine that Marina had installed some sort of self-destruct program into Tempest, but they defeat it easily.

Trevelyan breathes at ease and gets smug at Marina, but after a minute, one of the technicians notices that the Tempest is off course from it's intended target. He tells Trevelyan that the Tempest is headed to their location, who orders it to be rerouted or stopped. However, Marina has set a series of passwords that the technicians need to crack.

While Trevelyan is distracted by the technician is explaining the situation, Bond uses his watch to detonate the bombs he planted in the hangar. He and Marina escape, but Bond gets a clean shot through his back. Furthermore, the explosion causes a small earthquake in the base, causing guards to fall from the Antenna's beam steering mechanism and its bridges.

Like in the final movie, Bond determines he needs to go sabotage the antenna at the beam steering mechanism to prevent the technicians from undoing Marina's sabotage of Tempest. Only here, Marina warns that the explosion of Tempest will electrify the thing and kill Bond if he has no concrete plan. While Augustus remains with the technicians, Savatier goes after Bond and two fight in the Antenna's beam steering mechanism (akin to how Alec and Bond fight in the final film). However, Bond, already wounded by the prior gunshot, gets clobbered by Savatier quite badly. The technicians get through Marina's passwords, but Bond has successfully jammed the gears on the Dish while avoiding Savatier's offense. As a result, the technicians are unable to stop the Tempest from reaching the base.

Due to Bond's sabotage, the antenna's beam steering mechanism collapses (falling more gently than in final film/actually mirroring how the real Arecibo telescope collapsed) and perforates the base's computer epicenter. Soon followed by detonation of the Tempest, and the EMP pulse which and devastates the base. It destroys the entire computer epicenter, the money transfers, all of the non-EMP proofed equipment at the hangars, as well as electrocuting all his technicians at the epicenter and Savatier at the beam steering mechanism to death. Bond survives the EMP blast dangling on electric-proofed wire-cable. Marina and Trevelyan successfully hide from the blast.

Bond climbs out of the beam steering mechanism from the center of the dish cradle. Marina is appears at side of the dish, but is pushed down by Augustus. She hits a safety net, while Augustus goes after the severely exhausted Bond. The two fight on loose panels within the dish cradle, while Bond is timed to try save Marina. Bond outmaneuvers Augustus by kicking a loose panel Augustus is balancing on, which causes Augustus to fall through the cradle and into the burning base below. Bond and Marina would escape from the area with one of the EMP-proofed copters from the beginning.

## March 1994 revision

Michael France further reworked the plot following the 1994 January draft. While *the plot is mostly the same*, there are some key differences.

* Here, Augustus has faked his death in a mission with Bond, much like Alec in final film. Here, the faked death took place around the Kremlin wall. However, unlike the final film, Augustus death is not kept a secret from the audience, as he is present at the Severnaya theft still.
* Bond doesn't meet Augustus until the midway point, when he and his henchmen raid the KGB safehouse Bond and Marina have been taken to, following the nuclear test site scenes. His dialogue is changed to include the things he says at the palace in the Jan '94 draft.
* Augustus now only relies on 3 henchmen; Savatier, Xenia and Alexei. Pushkin still poses as a neutral obstacle.
* In this version, Augustus has the codename **001**.
* His and Xenia's involvement in the bank scene is removed. Furthermore, the henchman Jordan has been completely removed.

## Trivia

* The name Augustus may come from Caesar Augustus, the first Roman Emperor, and/or Augustus John, the Welsh painter who fathered a child with Bond creator Ian Fleming's widowed mother. His surname is likely taken from film censor John Trevelyan.
* At least in the first two drafts, Augustus is not referred to being a Lienz Cossack, like Alec Trevelyan is in the final version. It can be inferred that Trevelyan being a Lienz Cossack was not an idea by writer Michael France.
* The producers attempted to cast Anthony Hopkins as the villain of the next Bond film - Elliot Carver of Tomorrow Never Dies. He was in fact aboard at first, but due to early production chaos, he dropped out before the filming started.
* His pompous, callous, calculated and cocksure attitude, not to mention how both verbally bully others, is quite similiar to Eric Qualen from Cliffhanger, which was also written by Michael France. Much like Qualen, Augustus too employs a deceptively large number of named henchmen.

## Sources

* GoldenEye, First Draft, 1994 by Michael France
* GoldenEye, January 1994 draft analysis by Clement Feutry (In French)
* GoldenEye, March 1994 draft analysis by Clement Feutry (In French)
* Field, Matthew; Chowdhury, Ajay (2015). Some kind of hero: 007 : the remarkable story of the James Bond films. ISBN 978-0-7509-6421-0. OCLC 930556527
* His Word is Bond: An Interview With 007 Screenwriter Bruce Feirstein by Kerry Douglas Dye
* The Spirit of the Story: The Constant Gardener's Jeffrey Caine By Nick Birren
* Seeton, Reg; Van Buskirk, Dayna. "Screenwriting Punishment with Michael France". IGN. Archived from the original on 24 May 2007. Retrieved 12 November 2006

## See also

* Sir Henry Lee Ching - the other unused "Bond 17" villain