recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Ivan Konev

Ivan Stepanovich Konev (Russian: Ива́н Степа́нович Ко́нев; 28 December [Old Style 16 December] 1897 – 21 May 1973), was a Soviet military commander, who led Red Army forces on the Eastern Front during World War II, retook much of Eastern Europe from occupation by the Axis Powers, and helped in the capture of Germany's capital, Berlin.

After the war Konev was appointed head of the Soviet occupation forces in Eastern Germany and also Allied High Commissioner for Austria. In 1946 he became commander of Soviet ground forces and First Deputy Minister of Defense of the Soviet Union, replacing Zhukov. He held these posts until 1950, when he was appointed commander of the Carpathian Military District. This was considered as demotion, and was in line with Stalin's policy of relegating popular wartime commanders to obscure posts so they would not become threats to his position.[citation needed]

After Stalin's death, however, Konev returned to prominence. He became a key ally of the new Party leader, Nikita Khrushchev, being entrusted with the trial of the Stalinist police chief, Lavrenty Beria in 1953. He was again appointed First Deputy Minister of Defense and commander of Soviet ground forces, posts he held until 1956, when he was named Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Warsaw Pact. He led the suppression of the Hungarian Revolution by Soviet armoured divisions.

More information on the English and Russian Wikipedia pages.
Ilona Szabó

From the Hungarian Wikipedia page [1]

Ilona Szabo was nicknamed Kócos and Kócoska (1939 - October 28, 1956), a Roma-born participant and martyr of the 1956 revolution.

Ilona Szabo was only 17 years old and 4 months pregnant when she became involved with revolutionary events with her friends. The young woman learned about the use of weapons between the Corvinian insurgents and became commander in command of six people in just a few days. On October 28, 1956, at the end of Práter Street, her partner Gábor Dilinkó fought in the Corvin area and was seriously injured and sentenced to 12 and 7 years imprisonment and finally released in 1966. Among the Roma warriors here, in Corvin, there were probably only two Gypsies, the other Gypsy fighters were among the Gypsy musicians, about 10 people.

During the Corvin, a plaque was erected in honor of Ilona Szabó.
Cultural representations of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956

From the Wikipedia page [1]

Although the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 failed in its efforts to oust the ruling Communist government of Hungary, the uprising provided inspiration for many artists, writers, poets, composers and filmmakers.

* The Forgotten Faces (1961), a short directed by Peter Watkins, filmed on the streets of Canterbury, England, which re-creates events from the revolution to great realistic effect.
* Szerelem (1971), directed by Károly Makk, which tells the story of an old woman and her daughter-in-law, and the effects on them of their son/husband's imprisonment during the revolution and of his return home from prison.
* Réka Pigniczky's 2006 film Journey Home (Hazatérés) [2], which tells the story of two sisters who try to find out what their father did as a freedom fighter during the Hungarian revolution of 1956. The story unfolds as the women take their father’s ashes from the U.S. to Hungary to fulfill his dying request to be buried in his native land.

A number films have also dealt with the famous Hungary-USSR water polo match, including Freedom's Fury, directed by Quentin Tarantino.

* Szabadság, szerelem (Children of Glory) A 2006 semi-fictional film by Hungarian director Kriszta Goda, depicting the effect of the 1956 Revolution on members of the 1956 Hungarian Olympic water polo team. A few weeks after Revolution was crushed, the Hungarian players find themselves up against the Soviet Union at a semifinal match.

Dmitri Shostakovich's Eleventh Symphony, written in 1957, although subtitled "The Year 1905" and purporting to be a musical description of the ill-fated democratic uprising in Russia in that year, is often considered a commentary on the events in Hungary. Shostakovich makes frequent use of early 20th-century Russian revolutionary songs about the cruelty of the Tsar and the longing for freedom, and vividly depicts the violent crushing of the 1905 revolution. To Soviet audiences of the time, the analogy with the Hungarian revolution was unmistakable.

James Michener wrote the novel The Bridge at Andau while living in Austria during the period of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. He witnessed the wave of refugees who fled Hungary in November 1956 after the Soviet invasion and the arrests that followed. The book, one of Michener’s earliest works, describes the events before and after the uprising, based upon interviews with eyewitnesses, but characters' names are fictional to protect them and their families left in Hungary
Aladár Szoboszlay

From the Hungarian Wikipedia page [1]

Aladár Szoboszlay (Temesvár, 25 January 1925 - Timişoara, 1 September 1958) was a Roman Catholic priest in Transylvania. After the revolution of 1956, he was executed with several of his associates, following the "reorganization of the Romanian state".

Aladár Szoboszlay was born in Temesvár-Mehalai in 1925, graduated in Cluj-Napoca in 1943, and was ordained in 1948 in Timisoara. He served in Pécs at November 1952. During this time he was a member of the Peace Papacy movement. He was soon to become a chaplain in Timisoara, and there he gradually became increasingly distant from communist ideals. Szoboszlay's political views were influenced by a young mathematics teacher, Erzsébet Klára Reusz, who was a member of the Romanian Communist Party as a communist communist. Nevertheless, there was a lasting love relationship between them.

At the end of 1956 Szoboszlay began writing his Confederation, in which he expressed his views on the establishment of a joint Romanian-Hungarian confederation, based in Arad. Already in 1955, they started organizing the Confederation. The chief assistant to Szoboszlay was Klara Reusz, a Roman lawyer from Alexandria, Aint Alexandre Fîntînaru, who was assigned the task of recruiting Romanian members of the movement. It was designed to revolutionize the Hungarian Revolution at the same time in Romania. Fîntînaru contacted the anti-Communist Roman partisans hiding in Fogaras, and managed to recruit an armored colonel who had the task of leading units from Caracal to Bucharest and occupying the strategically most important buildings to which armed Szekler soldiers would join.

Szoboszlay had been involved in the organization of several Csíkszereda people, so one of the centers of the movement soon became Csíkszereda. Securitate soon became aware of the events. A man named "Iosif" announced the organizers who were involved in the preparations themselves. Securitate's men arrested the participants, and in Cluj-Napoca there was the notorious Szoboszlay lawsuit, in which 11 of the 56 accused were sentenced to death by shooting, and several were sentenced to a longer jail sentence. Finally, 10 of the 11 deaths were carried out, including Szoboszlay.

After the change of regime, Szoboszlay's sister submitted the rehabilitation request but was rejected by the court, after three years of litigation, however, in 2010 the Cluj-Napoca tribunal had waived his condemnation with his associates.

The Romanian Wikipedia page on the Szoboszlay trial is [2].
Csepel

From the English Wikipedia page [1].

Csepel (German: Tschepele) is the 21st district and a neighbourhood in Budapest, Hungary. Csepel officially became part of Budapest on 1 January 1950.

During the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 in Budapest, Hungarian fighters made their last stand in Csepel.

More information on the Hungarian Wikipedia page [2].

The pages for Csepel Island are [3] (English) and [4] (Hungarian).

For the Csepel Automobile Factory see [5]
Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party

The Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (Hungarian: Magyar Szocialista Munkáspárt, MSzMP) was the ruling Marxist–Leninist party of the Hungarian People's Republic between 1956 and 1989. It was organised from elements of the Hungarian Working People's Party during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, with János Kadar as general secretary.

The party initially supported the revolution, but turned against Imre Nagy's government after he denounced the Warsaw Pact. The party formed a 'Revolutionary Peasant-Worker Government' that took over the country, with Soviet support, on 4 November 1956.

More information on the English and Hungarian Wikipedia pages.
Géza Jeszenszky

Géza Jeszenszky (born 10 November 1941) is a Hungarian politician and associate professor, former Minister of Foreign Affairs and a former ambassador to the United States. He was ambassador of Hungary to Norway and Iceland from 2011 to 2014.

Géza Jeszenszky finished his primary and secondary studies in Budapest. His class tutor and history teacher was József Antall. For two years his entire class cohort was restricted from university admission because of a commemoration they held for the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. He attended the Eötvös Loránd University Faculty of Humanities between 1961 and 1966.

He took part in the 1956 Revolution at the age of 15, without weapon. As a professor, he often wrote articles in underground publications against Marxism and the ruling Hungarian Socialist Worker's Party (MSZMP).

More information on the English and Hungarian Wikipedia pages.
József Révai

From the English Wikipedia page [1]

**József Révai** (born *József Lederer;* 12 October 1898 in Budapest – 4 August 1959 in Budapest), Hungarian communist politician.

He was born to a Jewish family, (Anne Applebaum, Iron Curtain: The Crushing of Eastern Europe 1945-56, 2012, ISBN 0385515693, page 144) he was one of the founders of the Communist Party of Hungary *(Kommunisták Magyarországi Pártja; KMP)* in 1918. He lived in the Soviet Union between 1934 and 1944. From 11 May to 27 September 1945 Révai was a member of the High National Council. Between 1945 and 1950 he was chief editor of *Szabad Nép* ("Free People").

He controlled all aspects of Hungary's cultural life from 1948 until 1953; from 1949 he was also the Minister of Culture. After 1953 his influence decreased.

Between 1945–1956 he was a member of the Central Committee of his party, which was renamed in 1948 to Hungarian Working People's Party *(Magyar Dolgozók Pártja; MDP)* after merging with another party. He was the member of the Political Committee (1945–1953; 1956). After the Workers' Party was dissolved and the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party took over its role as the ruling Communist party, Révai became a member of the new party's Central Committee in 1957. He was vice-president to the Presidential Committee between 1953–1958.

More information on the Hungarian Wikipedia page [2]

Shortly before the fall of Rákosi's government, in June 1953 , he was arrested in a party ruling for his dominance in the field of culture, so he was expelled from the PB and the Secretariat of the GOK and also lost his wallet. The Presidential Council of the People's Republic has been compensated for the weightless vice-chairman and has been upgraded to the editor-in-chief of the Social Review , a theoretical party journal. In July 1956 , after the XX. Stalinism was condemned at the SZKP congress, and he himself made severe criticism against Mátyás Rákosi , again he became a member of the rehabilitation with János Kádár and György Marosán . TheDuring the 1956 Revolution , on October 25 , he was again expelled from the PB and fled to the Soviet Union with the help of the Soviet Embassy , returning only in April 1957 .

After the revolution, Révai plunged for the ruthless retaliation, rejected ideological renewal, and defeated the old party leadership and direction, hoping to return to Rákosi and Gerő. After the majority behind János Kádár refused, he accepted the majority position, so he could become a member of the Central Committee of the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party (MSZMP KB) and remained the vice president of NET . In November 1958 he lost his NET vice president, although he remained a member of the board until his death. He died of heart disease for years since 1959.
Levente Murányi

From the Hungarian Wikipedia page [1]

Levente Murányi (Budapest, December 13, 1939) is a 56th convict, a politician, a member of parliament, and vice president of the Jobbik Movement for Hungary.

He was born on 13 December 1939 in Budapest. His father, Lajos Murányi, directed the economic affairs of the Csepel National Free Port and the Concordia Mill Company, which was catering to the Hungarian Royal Army. Her mother was Mary Darnay, a housewife.

After 19 March 1944, the German invaders deported their parents to their royals home, as the German diplomatic quarter was extended to their home. In 1946, he began elementary school at the second district Baar-Madas Reformed Grammar School. After the primary school, he continued his studies at the Ferenc Rákóczi Gymnasium.

He was actively involved in the 1956 Revolution. In February 1957, during the organization of the MUK ("Restart in March"), he was captured with several of his associates. Military court ruled over them, executed three of his partners, and was sentenced to a prison sentence of three and a half years as a juvenile. On April 24, 1959, he was released with amnesty for 2 years and 2 months. With his teachers she could have completed his class exams and graduated. After several recruitment attempts he gained access to the Kandó Kálmán Power Engineering College of Power Engineering in 1965, where he obtained a degree in engineering in 1969. He worked for different companies in different positions. On October 1, 1981 he became a craftsman, working in the car repair industry until his retirement until 31 December 2003.

n 1992 he became a member of MDF XII. district organization. At the end of 2004, Ibolya Dávid was denounced by the Ethical Committee of the MDF, as he considered that the party chairman took a counter-measure against the binding decision of the National and Budapest Election Commission. He left the MDF in March 2005 despite the disapproval of Alexander Lezsák. On June 5, 2005, he joined Jobbik for the Movement for Movement in Hungary. In the parliamentary elections in 2006, MPs and Jobbik Electoral Party, the "Third Way" candidate in Pest County's 10th individual constituency. It reached a national average of 2.48%. On June 7, 2006, he founded the local organization of Jobbik in Solymár, currently a member of the hunting association. In the spring of 2007 he joined the Hungarian Guard Association as a founding member of Gábor Vona. In June 2008 he was elected Vice-President of Jobbik. In the 2010 parliamentary elections, he started in the constituency No. 1 of Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County and his party's county list. In his constituency, with 14.9 percent support, he made the third place among the three candidates. The mandate was finally obtained from the list. In 2014, municipal representatives also received a mandate in Solymár from the Jobbik compensation list but after a few months resigned from office.
Gennady Ivanovich Obaturov

Gennady Ivanovich Obaturov (born 10 January 1915, 28 December 1914 in the Old Style, in the village of Maloe Zarecheno presently Nagorsky District Kirov Region, Russia — 29 April 1996, Moscow) — Soviet Commander, Army General.

Soon after the beginning of the Hungarian Revolt the division of General Obaturov was raised and received order to cross the Hungarian border, march on Budapest and take under control the main state objects. By 24 October 1956 an advanced detachment of the division led by Obaturov entered Budapest. The division commander had not been briefed on the situation in the city; the units had received no maps whatsoever, and no officers knowing the city had been detached. The units drawing into the city were attacked from different sides, isolated from each other and suffered loss. In such conditions Obaturov autonomously decided to stop the execution of the operational task by ordering units to assume all-round defense. During heavy street fighting he succeeded in restoring the connection between units. Then in agreement with the Imre Nagy government the Soviet command withdrew Soviet forces from Budapest and a few days later ordered the storming of the city. The division of Obaturov participated at full strength in this operation. During these operations the division lost over 150 men, 13 tanks, 1 self-propelled artillery mounting, 9 armoured personnel carriers. The division commander was decorated with the Order of Suvorov. In the same year the division was incorporated into the newly formed Southern Group of Forces.

More information on the English and Russian Wikipedia pages.
György Fazekas

From the Hungarian Wikipedia page [1]

György Fazekas (Miskolc, June 6, 1914-Budapest. May 22, 1984), writer and journalist.

He completed his high school studies in Miskolc and became a journalist. His first articles were published in the newspaper Felső-Magyarország, his father's daily newspaper. During the Second World War he was a labor servant and then suffered a war. After returning home, he became a member of the Free People. From 1953 he became a member of the Reform Communists group around Imre Nagy. During this period he published articles in the Journal of Literature. The 1956 Revolution at the time also was an associate with Imre Nagy, and, on 4 November 1956, the took refuge with Imre Nagy in the Yugoslav embassy and went to Snagov, Romania. He was sentenced to imprisonment for 10 years in the Nagy Imre trial. He was released in 1961 (with individual grace). From 1968 he was a member of the Magyar Hírlap.
Lajos Mórocz

From the Hungarian Wikipedia page [1]

Mórocz Louis (Szentbékkálla February 13, 1931 - December 17, 2017) Hungarian communist politician, Colonel General, Chief of Staff, Deputy Commander of the Army 5, the main training group boss, Secretary of State for the Ministry of Defense, Doctor of Military Science.

Mórocz entered the Army in 1948. At the beginning of the 1950s he studied at the Stalin's Armored Academy and then at the Vorosilov Academy. He entered the Hungarian Workers' Party and later into the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party. He took part in the 1956 Revolution on the side of the army as commander of the 33rd tanker armor. After the revolution he actively participated in the restoration of communist power. He was appointed Deputy Commander of the United Armed Forces Commander of the Warsaw Pact and became Chairman of the Military Science Committee. 1973 and 1984. From 1984 he worked as an army commander, and from 1984 he worked as a state secretary of defense. He was an MP for two cycles, ten years, between 1975 and 1985. He was also elected member of the Central Committee of the MSZMP. In 1988, he defended his doctoral thesis on military science, entitled: Key Factors Determining the Change of Military Doctrines. The development and development of the military doctrine of the Hungarian People's Republic were the main trends. He retired in the 1990s.

He died on December 17 2017, and at 18:00 on January 18, 2018, he was put to rest in th eFiume Road Tomb Garden. The Jobbik politics Novak predecessor, former Member of Parliament protested the fact that the Hungarian Defense Forces declared Mórocz's death a private matter, and he organized a state funeral.
Hungarian Soviet Republic

The Hungarian Soviet Republic or Hungarian Republic of Councils (Hungarian: Magyarországi Tanácsköztársaság or Magyarországi Szocialista Szövetséges Tanácsköztársaság) was a short-lived independent communist state established in Hungary in the aftermath of World War I.

It was the successor of the Hungarian Democratic Republic and lasted only from 21 March until 1 August 1919. The state was led by Béla Kun and was not recognized by France, the UK or the US.

See also People's Republic of Hungary.

More information on the English and Hungarian Wikipedia pages.
Ekrem Kemal

From the Hungarian Wikipedia page [1]

**Ekrem Kemál** ( Skopje , October 20, 1924 – Budapest , November 29, 1957) engineer, electrician, a prominent member of the insurgent group during the Széna Square battles during the 1956 revolution, who was sentenced to death for his participation in the battles and executed. Father of Hungarian politician György Ekrem Kemál.

Ekrem Kemál was born on October 20, 1924 in Skopje, Yugoslavia (now the capital of North Macedonia ). His father, Ekrem Halil, was a large Turkish landowner, and his mother, Erzsébet Ecker, was a small landowner from Csongrád . After his father was murdered by Serbian separatists, his mother returned to Hungary with Ekrem Kemál. At first they lived in Budapest, but Ekrem finished his civil school in Eger at the Szent Antal boys' institute of the minorities . Then at the Puskás Tivadar Technikumobtained a technical qualification as an electrician-instrumentalist. In the 1950s, he worked as a foreman on the construction of the high-voltage network in Northern Hungary. In 1956, he was sentenced to 2 years and 8 months in prison for workplace sabotage, but due to the outbreak of the revolution, he did not start serving his sentence.
Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party

The original party was founded in 1930. In 1949 the party was absorbed into a People’s Independent Front, led by the communist Hungarian Working People's Party. The latter prevailed in elections held that year, marking the onset of undisguised Communist rule in Hungary. The Smallholders party was dissolved later in 1949, and István Dobi and several other left-wing Smallholders joined the Hungarian Communist Party.

Another Smallholder, the openly pro-Communist Dobi, became premier in December 1948, and pushed out the remaining elements of the party who were not willing to do the Communists' bidding. The Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party (Hungarian: Független Kisgazda-, Földmunkás- és Polgári Párt), known mostly by its acronym FKgP or its shortened form Independent Smallholders' Party (Hungarian: Független Kisgazdapárt), is a political party in Hungary. Since the 2002 parliamentary elections, the party has won no seats.

More information on the English and Hungarian Wikipedia pages.
Andras Laurinets

From the Russian Wikipedia page [1]

Andras Laurinets (Hungarian Laurinyecz András; January 24, 1927, Kondorosh-November 29, 1957, Budapest) - a Hungarian worker- miner, an active participant in the 1956 anti-communist Hungarian uprising. Executed after the suppression of the uprising. In modern Hungary he is considered a hero of the revolution.

Born into a poor peasant family. In 1930, Andrash Laurinets’s father committed suicide after a psychological upheaval — he was seized by the Horthy gendarmes without guilt and led by convoy around the village. Mother worked as a servant for hire.

After graduating from school, Andras Laurinets entered the law faculty of the University of Szeged in 1948. He studied at the evening department, and he worked in factories.

In March 1950, Andrash Laurinets was arrested for “illegal possession of weapons” - to do with several cartridges he had found for a German machine gun. He was sentenced to life imprisonment, replaced by 6 years in prison. Freed in July 1956. During the detention, his mother died.

He could not continue his education. He worked as a miner in the coal basin of Pest. Subsequently, he said that he saw how to get a normal salary could only someone who had connections with the authorities.

In October 1956, Andras Laurinets supported the anti-communist Hungarian uprising. With a group of like-minded miners headed by Laszlo Rusnyak he arrived in Budapest . He joined the rebel group that controlled the Sen square, which was headed by Jozsef Dudas and János Szabó.

He was one of the commanders of the "Miners brigade" of the rebels. Actively participated in the battles, including in a major clash on October 28. As part of the rebel group, Robert Bana tried to retreat from Budapest to the Austrian border in order to expand the fight in the province. On November 4 he was captured by the Soviet troops. He was sent to the USSR, and was kept in Uzhgorod.

December 15, 1956 Andras Laurinets was sent to Hungary, but on December 22 he was arrested by the authorities of Hungary. Appeared before the court in the framework of the process of the “Miner's Brigade”. At trial, held firmly. The October uprising called it “revolution, not“ counter-revolution, ”as Andropov says.”

He was sentenced to death. The sentence was carried out on November 29, 1957. Together with Andrash Laurinets, Robert Ban, Laszlo Rusnjak, Tibor Zimer were executed.

In modern Hungary, Andras Laurinets is considered a hero of the revolution. In Sarvas there is a memorial, on which his name is marked among other.
Hungarian Working People's Party

The Hungarian Working People's Party (Hungarian: Magyar Dolgozók Pártja, MDP) was the ruling communist party of Hungary from 1948 to 1956. It was formed by a merger of the Hungarian Communist Party (MKP) and the Hungarian Social Democratic Party.

## Chief functionaries of the Hungarian Working People's Party

First Secretary: (titled as general secretary 1948-1953):

* Mátyás Rákosi 1948 - July, 1956
* Ernő Gerő July, 1956 - October, 1956
* János Kádár October, 1956

Chairman (merely formal post, abolished in 1950): Árpád Szakasits 1948 - 1950

Succeeded by the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (MSZMP)

More information on the English and Hungarian Wikipedia pages.
Magyar Rádió

Magyar Rádió (MR, The Hungarian Radio Corporation, also known internationally as Radio Budapest) is Hungary's publicly funded radio broadcasting organization. It is also the country's official international broadcasting station.

MR is managed and primarily funded by the Media Service Support and Asset Management Fund (Hungarian: Médiaszolgáltatás-támogató és Vagyonkezelő Alap, abbreviated MTVA). This government organization, formed in 2011, also manages the public service broadcasters Magyar Televízió and Duna Televízió as well as the Hungarian news agency Magyar Távirati Iroda.

Ever since its foundation, the Hungarian Radio P.L.C. has been a "citadel" of domestic information, and cultural life. Since December 1, 1925, the institution has had a decisive role in forming the Hungarian public opinion, and general taste.

More information on the English and Hungarian Wikipedia pages.

Its website is [1].
Iron Curtain

The Iron Curtain was the physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. The term symbolized efforts by the Soviet Union to block itself and its satellite states from open contact with the west and non-Soviet-controlled areas. On the east side of the **Iron Curtain** were the countries that were connected to or influenced by the Soviet Union. On either side of the Iron Curtain, states developed their own international economic and military alliances:

* Member countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance and the Warsaw Pact, with the Soviet Union as the leading state
* Member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and with the United States as the leading country

Physically, the Iron Curtain took the form of border defenses between the countries of Europe in the middle of the continent. The most notable border was marked by the Berlin Wall and its Checkpoint Charlie which served as a symbol of the Curtain as a whole.

More information on the Wikipedia page [1].
László Balás-Piri

From the Hungarian Wikipedia page [1]

László Balás-Piri (Budapest, 19 July 1935 - 17 February 2018) 1956 Revolutionary, Political Prisoner, Vice President of the Historical Justice Committee, Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Central and Eastern European History and Society Public Research Foundation.

## Career

In addition to studying at the Pharmacy Faculty of Budapest University of Medicine, he obtained a diploma in pharmacy engineering. Because of his revolutionary activity in 1956, he was arrested in 1957, and his studies were interrupted. First 3 years 6 months, second in 2 years 6 months imprisonment. He was released on April 29, 1960 after several months of extra pressure. He was then an auxiliary worker, coachman, furniture carrier, visitor-painter, holiday attendant, while he did not obtain a license for performing artist. From 1990 onwards he was involved in in newspapers and periodicals. In 1993 he published his "People in White - 1956" volume. Vice-Chairman of the Historical Justice Committee, curator of the 1956 Foundation. Since 1999 he has been chairing the Board of Trustees of the Central and Eastern European Society for Researching History and Society.

He died on February 17, 2018 at the age of 82.
Hungarian Uprising in the Wikiverse

This is a page for links to articles on other wikis. As with other such lists it is unlikely to ever be complete.

What are effectively copies or trnslations of Wikipedia or other English language pages do not need to be included as such.

The Wikipedia page is [1]

Wikis which have substantially different material to the Wikipedia pages:

The Wikimedia category is [2]
Gyula Horn

From the longer Wikipedia page [1]

Gyula Horn (5 July 1932 – 19 June 2013) was a Hungarian politician who served as the third Prime Minister of the Republic of Hungary from 1994 to 1998.

Horn is remembered as the last Communist Foreign Minister of Hungary who played a major role in the demolishing of the "Iron Curtain" for East Germans in 1989, contributing to the later unification of Germany, and for the Bokros package, the biggest fiscal austerity programme in post-communist Hungary, launched under his premiership, in 1995.

In 1954 Horn joined the Hungarian communist party, then called the Hungarian Working People's Party (MDP). In November 1956, he helped reorganize the MDP into the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (MSZMP), which under the leadership of János Kádár crushed the 1956 Hungarian revolution against Soviet occupation and communist rule.

Horn worked in the Ministry of Finance from 1954 to 1959. He got a job in the Foreign Ministry in 1959, first as an official in the independent Soviet department. In the 1960s he was a diplomat in the Hungarian embassies in Bulgaria and Yugoslavia.

As a minister he was in charge of foreign affairs when Hungary decided to open the western border (the "Iron Curtain") to East Germans wishing to emigrate to West Germany. He is often credited with having a major part in the decision and, consequently, a role in German unification.

He and his Austrian counterpart Alois Mock posed for cameras on 27 June 1989 to cut through a barbed wire frontier fence, in a largely symbolic act of rapprochement which had been planned months before. As foreign minister he ordered the border to be opened to allow East Germans gathered in Hungary by the thousands to cross into Austria, and from there to West Germany. With this act he greatly contributed to the later unification of Germany. Within weeks tens of thousands of East Germans, who travelled to Hungary with "tourist" visas, headed straight for the unfortified border and walked into the West. Horn outraged his East German counterparts when he told them that international treaties on refugees took precedence over a 1969 agreement between Budapest and East Berlin limiting freedom of movement. The fall of East German communism and the process of German unification had been launched. With dizzying speed, communist governments in the region succumbed to popular uprisings and sheer fatigue. Within a few years, the Soviet Union itself had evaporated.
István Marián

From the Hungarian Wikipedia page [1]

István Marián (Cehu, Romania 1924 - Budapest December 24, 2004) Hungarian army, participant in the revolution of 1956.

After completing three years at grammar school, he learned the profession of radio technician and electrician. In 1940 he became a member of the Communist Party, and the Romanian authorities were arrested and imprisoned. The II. he was released after the second Viennese decision, but in 1943 he was called up as an "unreliable" forced labor service. He escaped in 1944 and hid until the end of the war. After the war, in 1945 he organized the Anti-Fascist Association of Transylvanian Hungarians. He completed the party school, and in 1946 he was promoted by the voluntary Countrybuilding Brigade Movement. In 1948 he went to a staff school after which he served as a training officer in Tata. In 1951 he became a regimental commander in Piliscsaba, and after a year he was appointed head of the BME Armory Department.

On October 22 1956 he spoke at the Student Union of the University of Technology, where the university students elected him as their leader and was the main organizer of the next day's demonstration. During the Revolution he directed the National Guard of the University of Art. He was also a member of the Revolutionary Defense Committee. At the time of the Soviet attack on November 4, Béla Király and his troops had retired to the mountains around the Buda, where they continued fighting for a while, but after a while they were forced to give up. For a while he was hiding, then he was supposed to have no retaliation, he was abandoned by hiding.

At the beginning of 1957 they wanted to sign the declarations of officer, but he did not do so, so he was arrested in March. Together with the other leaders of the Defense Committee, he was brought to trial and sentenced to life imprisonment. In 1963 he was released as a result of general amnesty and later worked as a technical inspector and then as a technical translator.

In 1988 he was a founding member of the Historical Justice Committee, and in 1989 he established the Műegyetem 56 Foundation. After the change of regime, he was rehabilitated with the other '56 convicts. In 2003 he was elected a citizen of Budapest. He died in 2004 in Budapest.

2005 January Ferenc Madl, President of the Republic 2004. He was promoted to the posthumous Lieutenant General on 27 December.
István Porubszky

From the Hungarian Wikipedia page [1]

István Porubszky, commonly known as Uncle Potyka (Kispest July 31, 1931- April 8 2016) was a Hungarian freedom fighter of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution and a leading figure within the Kispest resistance.

With the fall of the Revolution he emigrated to Canada, where he painted landscapes, but returned to Hungary during the change of regime.

According to the December 16 1958 report of the Budapest Police Headquarters BRFK, the revolutionary youth organization of the district, the so-called "group K" in rapid reaction, led the Revolutionary National Guard and his group killed several Soviet soldiers in the fighting.

According to his own story, he was the foreman of the Hungária Jacquard Weaving Factory at the outbreak of the revolution. On October 23, he refused to work and joined the demonstrators gathering in front of the Kispest Council House, who had been elected a member of the local Revolutionary Committee. (His chairman was Lajos Mikófalvy, a lawyer.)

During his first armed campaign, he and his associates cut off the Soviet intelligence's Soroksári út line of communication. Their weapons were obtained from the police in Kispest. Later on, the Soviets were forced out of the small granite factory for a great fight. Several times they fought with the Soviet forces, including armored men, trying to fight the city center through Kispest.

The poorly armed Kispest groups were not able to withstand the Soviet attack on November 4. Uncle Potyka was the first to fight for head and then thigh injuries. After carrying his wounds, he continued fighting with others until mid-November. He left the country on November 28 in Austria . He was treated with a wound infection in Linz, then in hospital in West Germany. A part of his family - his wife, son, and mother also crossed Lake Fertő and went to Canada. His daughter stayed in Hungary.
Communist Party Historians Group

A subdivision of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB), the Communist Party Historians Group (CPHG) formed a highly influential cluster of British Marxist historians, who contributed to "history from below" from 1946 to 1956. Famous members included such leading lights of 20th-century British history as Christopher Hill, Eric Hobsbawm, Raphael Samuel and E. P. Thompson, as well as non-academics like A. L. Morton and Brian Pearce.

In keeping with their standing positions, many of the members carried out their projects from adult education institutions, rather than the academy. In 1952 several of the members founded the influential social history journal Past and Present.

The group lost many prominent members after 1956 as the Hungarian Uprising, Khrushchev's Secret Speech, and several other factors precipitated something of a sea change in international Marxist opinion.

In early 1992 it reconstituted itself as the Socialist History Society (SHS), and made full membership available to anybody regardless of party affiliation. The SHS now publishes a twice-yearly journal Socialist History and a series of monographs called "Occasional Papers".

More information, including a number of participants, on the Wikipedia page [1].
György Berecz

From the Hungarian Wikipedia page [1]

György Berecz (Cluj-Napoca, 11 May 1924 - Budapest, 28 January 1958) was a mechanic, driver, '56 revolutionary, and a victim of post-revolution retaliation.

Shortly after his birth, his parents had divorced, his mother remarried, and the nursing father named the child. In 1927 they moved to Hungary, where Berecz learned to study in four secondary school classes. In 1944 he entered the Hungarian army and came to the warships, and in the first days of 1945 fell into captivity of the Soviets, but was soon released. This year, he was sentenced to 100 pengő fines for fights, and two years later he was arrested for private detention and then spent two months in jail. In 1946 he first married, but soon divorced, and his next marriage met a similar end. In 1949 he was imprisoned for eight months, the prosecution was smuggling of people. In the period prior to the 1956 revolution, he was a leading driver for the Building Company.

On October 23, 1956, he returned from the countryside to his residence in Budapest, but since he did not find his partner at home, he started searching for her. He met the demonstration crowd and transported groups on his truck to Kossuth Square and the Hungarian Radio, and later went to Kispest for arms for the late evening. On October 24, he became a member of the workers' council of the building company, assigned the organization of the armed guards, during which he met Tibor Szeifert and then Uncle Szabo, who supplied them with weapons. On the 30th of October, district military committee of the National Committee, then fought in the outbreak group led by Emanuel Butkovszky. After November he was an active participant in the II. district Revolutionary Military Commission and transported a significant amount of grenades to Main Street to stop the Soviets. Butkovszky appointed the III. Berecz left his place of residence on November 4th and went home. After the fall of the Revolution, the remaining resistance people still called for the leadership of the Csilleghegy resistance group, but he refused. From the spring of 1957 he lived illegally and then attempted to escape to Austria, but failed to do so and was arrested on April 25, 1957. On December 4, he was sentenced to life imprisonment for the first time, this conviction was vetoed by the Special Chamber of János Szimler acting as a court of second instance and was sentenced to death on January 27, 1958. He was executed the next day. He is now buried in Parcel 301.
András Lejtényi

From the Hungarian Wikipedia page [1]

András Lejtényi (Arad, May 4, 1937 - Montréal, February 10, 2010) was a law student, and active in the 1956 Revolution.

He came from an intellectual family, lost his father early. Her mother and stepfather lived in Tatabánya, where she started her primary school education. His literary interest and human culture came from here.

He completed his primary education at Arad, Vác, Tatabánya and then graduated from the Miklós Radnóti Secondary School in Szeged. He started his graduate studies in September 1955 at the Faculty of Law of the University of Szeged.

The students of the University of Szeged visited the rector Dezső Baróti on October 15, 1956, and they asked him to authorize the establishment of an organization suitable for the problems of university youth. Before the rector's response to the accelerated events, students were invited to a student meeting on October 16 evening by the organizers, including Tamás Kiss and András Lejtényi. The DISZ city leaders warned them that the creation of such an organization would be illegal, or even illegal, with the permission of the Ministry of Interior. In their response, Lejtényi explained that they wanted to establish the organization democratically: they developed the alliance's program and organizational rules with the students, and then asked for the Ministry of Interior Affairs permission. The initiators of the newly formed student union agreed that the organization would be independent of DISZ and would be named the Hungarian University and College Association.

On October 16, 1956, at the meeting held at the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Szeged, at the Auditorium Maximum meeting, Tamas Kiss and András Lejtényi announced the formation of a new student union, adopted the provisional organizational draft and decided that the secretariat of the three- the final form of the organizational code.

From 17 October, MEFESZ events in Szeged took place at each Faculty, where they were elected representatives of the MEFESZ 18 Committee. At the Faculty of Law, Tamás Kiss, Imre Tóth and Attila Fedor were elected. András Lejtényi - although he did not receive the necessary votes - could participate in the work as a organizer.

The MEFESZ Grand Assembly was held on October 20 at Auditorium Maximum. At the proposal of Barrot Rector, the students asked József Perbíró, the dean of the Faculty of Law to conduct the meeting. At the meeting, András Lejtényi presented the organizational and operational rules of the association, and Tamás Kiss presented the political program of the student union.

After defeating the Revolution, he left the country and did not return to Hungary for a long time after the regime change. His revolutionary engagement was long overdue and undercut. On October 16, 2011, for a significant role in the outbreak of the Revolution, the student movement of the University Student Union of the University of Szeged (EHÖK) was abolished on October 16, 2011.
Datis nuperrime

Datis nuperrime (1956) is an encyclical of Pope Pius XII concerning the Soviet invasion of Hungary to suppress the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. This is a second encyclical protesting the bloody oppression of the Hungarian people. Pope Pius, as in his previous protests, does not mention the Soviet Union by name.

More information on the Wikipedia page [1].

An English version of the encyclical can be found here and another version here.
Elemér Földváry-Boér

From the Hungarian Wikipedia page [1]

Földváry Boér Elemer (June 15, 1930 Budapest-October 24, 1956 Budapest), Hungarian writer, poet and prisoner Recsk.

He was born in Budapest in the noble family of Földváry . He studied at the Reformed Grammar School in Lónyai Street, he graduated from the Evangelical Grammar School in Fasori and then enrolled in the Pázmány Péter University of Sciences in 1948 to study philosophy. In December he was dismissed because he disputed Marxist views. He emigrated to Austria, and then came back in April 1949. He was arrested in Hungary as a suspect.

He was interned in Kistarcsa and Recsk Here, the restricted working Brigade 1608 member (Others included John Garamvölgyi George Eger, Gyorgy Faludi, György Gábori, János Kovács). Húga, Róza repeatedly wrote for Rakosi's grace. Recsken was hungry because the drug was withdrawn from the patients. After the dissolution of Recski Camp in 1953, he was not released.

After his subsequent release, he worked as a rubber worker, boiler heater, forestry and logging. Detention Forsaken novel written address, which in addition to that the camp experience dealing with the deportations as well. Even before the 1956 Revolution, he was crossed by the Manifesto of the Blinds and passed on to the Radio Free Europe, then returned to Hungary. His book was issued by the publisher Griff in Munich without a name. In 1956 he joined the demonstrators at the Margaret Bridge. At the parade at Parliament he got a serious wound, he was hospitalized, but he was immaterial as his lungs and liver were shot.
József V. Molnár

From the longer Hungarian Wikipedia page [1].

József Molnár V. (born March 17, 1930 Marcali) Hungarian Heritage Award winner néplélek- and folklore researcher, graphic artist, 1956 freedom fighter , the historical order of vitéz member.

Born into a small civic family in Marcali, Somogy County. His father, József Molnár, was a worker at a logging company. In 1944, the Russians sent the father to a Malaga work camp, from which he never returned. After that, the family moved with their mother and children to the grandparents of Pankasz in Vas County. Here the future ethnographic researcher encountered the village healers and the peasant lifestyle. Even at the age of 7-8, he was among the canaries and shepherds to learn from them. His father was home for more than 30 years. They learned a lot later that in Timisoara there was bloodshed in the prison, which they couldn't handle locally. And the last news about his father came from Timisoara.

Later, after returning to Marcalba, József Molnár became a family maintainer. The Vitéz Kovácsffy Arnold retired military officer took him on as a apprentice in the printing house, and beside this, he took on casual work around all kinds of houses. Ducks were fed, chopped, harvested, cleaned in a bookstore. Kovácsffy, who was formerly educated at Prince Esterházy, tried to help Józsefen Molnár. He was the first to receive "real" books - for he had read only tarpaulin literature. He had a decisive experience of reading The Tragedy of Man. Here's how:

"When he felt (Kovácsffy) that I was mature, he gave me The Tragedy of Man. I retreated to the border of Marcali on Sunday, reading through it, and I felt like I was in a completely different life. From one minute to another, my approach changed as I read the book. I walked home in the evening, before sunbathing, and I felt like I was swapping it in almost every part of my life."

- Molnár V. József: Somebody lives on me

In the autumn of 1956, he was a journalist at the University of Budapest. He was then sentenced to 3 years of imprisonment, one year in private. During this time, he realized that in a natural culture, a drawing evokes the complex layers of reality, discovering its practice here. The picture also became familiar with the magic of the picture: the image is not an ornament, according to this, not to make man's environment more tolerable or pleasant, aesthetic.

After his release, he could not continue his graphic studies. He became a printer and then an avant-garde painter. It was a great turn in his life, when he got to know the cave art of the prehistoric man more thoroughly. Then he recognized the system of prehistoric images. He called this formality and essence content for organic or natural culture.

For his near contemporary namesake, the Hungarian writer, see here.