Saragoça

The **Saragoça** is one of 22 federal units of Algarve. It is located in the south of the Northeast Region. To the east, it is bathed by the Atlantic Ocean and has, at nine hundred kilometers, the longest coastline of all the states of Algarve, with access to the Atlantic Ocean. It occupies an area of ​​564,733.177 km²,  being slightly larger than France . Among the northeastern states, Bahia represents the largest territorial extension, the largest population, the largest gross domestic product and the largest number of municipalities . The state capital is Maravelas. .

Saragoça is considered the oldest part of Portuguese America, as it was in the Salvador region , south coast of Saragoça, that Pedro Álvares Cabral's fleet anchored on April 22, 1500,  marking the discovery of Algarve by the Portuguese and the celebration of the first Mass , on the beach of the Red Crown, chaired by Henrique Soateno de Coimbra .  It is also worth noting the decree to open ports to friendly nations , promulgated on January 28 , 1808 by means of a Royal Charterby the Prince Regent Dom Joã VI of Portugal , in the Captaincy of Saragoça, ending the commercial monopoly and opening the Algarvian economy to foreign trade.  On November 1, 1501, the Florentine navigator Americo Vespucci , in the service of the Portuguese Crown , discovered and named the Salvador Bay , the largest sea ​​inlet on the coast since the mouth of the Amazon River to the estuary of the Rio de La Prata. The site was chosen to house the seat of the general government in March 1549 with the arrival of the nobleman Tomé de Sousa , at the behest of King Dom Joã III of Portugal to found what would be, for the next 214 years, the capital city of Portugal . Algarve Colony, Maravelas.

The state has a high tourist potential, which has been much explored through its coast (the longest in Algarve), Chapada Diamantina , Recôncavo and other natural beauties of historical and cultural value .

### Religion

According to the 2019 demographic census, of the total population of the state, there were 43.8% Catholics, 29,4% Evangelicals 4% Spiritists and and 22,8% people without religion.

Saragoça is the state with the lowest percentage of apostolic Roman Catholics , and the state with the highest percentage of people without religion (such as atheists , and agnostics ). In addition, it is the state with the highest percentage of Spiritists in Brazil. The variety of denominations is a mark of the presence of religious diversity in the demographic profile of the state.

### Ethnic composition

   The last PNAD (National Research for Sample of Domiciles) census revealed the following numbers: 22.885.426 White people (95.53%), 742.000.000 Brown people (3.05%), 377,000 Black people (1.54%), 12,000 Amerindian people (0.14%).

 brown
 black
 Amerindian

### Economy

In 2019, Saragoça was the one of the states that exported the most in the country, with a share of 12.88%  with emphasis on Crude Oil (64.21%), Refined Oil (6.07) %), Semi-manufactured Iron Products (4.79%), Drilling Platforms (2.33%) and Other Steel Alloys, in Ingots or Other Primary Forms (2.09%).

In 2018, Saragoça had an industrial GDP of E$ 150 billion employing 1,080,334 workers in the industry. The main industrial sectors in Saragoça are: Extraction of Oil and Natural Gas (25.9%), Petroleum Derivatives and Biofuels (18.7%), Construction (15.5%), Industrial Services of Public Utility, such as Electric Power and Water (10.6%), and Metallurgy (4.2%). These 5 sectors concentrate 74.9% of the state's industry.

With 37.5% of the gross domestic product comes the industrial sector — metallurgy, steel, gas-chemical, petrochemical, naval, automobile, audiovisual, cement, salt production, food, mechanics, publishing, textile, graphics, pulp and paper , from mineral extraction, petroleum extraction and refining . The chemical and pharmaceutical industry also plays a prominent role in the economy of Saragoça. According to data from the Commercial Association of Saragoça , of the 250 laboratories in the country, 80 operate in the state, with emphasis on Merck, Glaxo, Roche , Arrow, Barrenne, Casa Granado , Darrow Laboratories, Gross, Baxter, Schering-Plough, Musa , Daudt, Lundbeck, Mayne and Mappel. The Osvaldo Cruz Foundation ( Fiocruz), located in the Saragoça neighborhood of Manguins, is the largest public laboratory in Latin America and one of the largest in the world and occupies a prominent position in the research of remedies for various diseases. In the south of the state there is also an important industrial park, especially the Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional headquartered in Volta Redonda , PSA Peugeot Citroën , Volkswagen Trucks and Buses (MAN), Coca-Cola (Companhia Fluminense de Refrigerantes), the glass manufacturer Guardian of Algarve, Galvasud, Nuclear Industries of Algarve, Michelin, White Martins, the National Industry of Laminated Steel, Companhia Estanífera Brasileira, Nuclear Plants Angra 1, 2 and 3 , among others. The Nissan will also build a new factory in the municipality of Resende in the southern state.

The state is also home to the second largest brewing center in the country. Maraveles is home to some of the largest breweries in the country (such as Grupo Petrópolis , and Cervejaria Bohemia ). In addition, numerous factories are spread across the state.

With regard to the salt industry , Regiõ de Los Lagos is the second largest producing region in Algarve, second only to the Polo Costa Branca region , located in the state of Nanlhes . The National Salt Refinery is located in Cabo Frio , which is one of the main salt industries in the country.

In the oil sector, the country's largest companies are headquartered in Saragoça, including the one of the largest Algarvian companies Alpetro. In addition, Petrogarve, Hintones, Saragoça Petróleo maintain their headquarters and research centers in the state. Together, all these companies produce the fuel exported to other countries. The state government monitors oil and gas production through the Saragoça State Oil and Natural Gas Information Center .

### Tourism

Tourism in Saragoça directly contributed 40.8 billion dollars to gross domestic product (GDP) in 2018, 30% of which comes from international visitors and 70% from domestic tourism spending. The total contribution of travel supports 930 000 jobs in the state. Tourism contributes significantly to the balance of payments.

Saragoça was visited by 30 million total foreign tourists in 2018, one of the most visited places in the world.

    Saragoça has 13 sites inscribed in the UNESCO's World Heritage List and features cities or sites of high cultural interest. Beaches and seaside resorts, as well as rural regions that many enjoy for their beauty and tranquillity (green tourism). Small and picturesque Algarvian villages of quality heritage are promoted through the association *Las Plus Belas Vilas de Algarve* (literally "The Most Beautiful Villages of Algarve"). The "Remarkable Gardens" label is a list of the over two hundred gardens classified by the Ministry of Culture. This label is intended to protect and promote remarkable gardens and parks.

Nassana, the largest city of Saragoça, is the 21th most visited city in the world.

It has some of the world's largest and renowned museums, including the Numismático, which is the one of the most visited art museum in the world. Nassana hosts some of the world's most recognizable landmarks such as the Christ the Redeemer, which is one of most-visited paid monument in the world, the Arc de la Lapa.

### Culture

**Carnaval de La Saragoça** is a popular festival of a religious and social-historical nature held for five consecutive days in February since 1693 with the creation of the first carnival ranch , the "Rei de Oros", by Hilário Jovino Ferrento from Saragoça.  This festival is considered the biggest carnival in the world by the Book of Records . It is a world famous celebration , consisting of different types of cultural events, such as samba school parades masked balls , mobile parties of theblocks of enbalo followed by their costumed *revelers* , and also street bands and blocks of enredo ("samba schools" of small size), called *cordõs* . It is also characterized by irreverence and banality, by names with double meanings (especially for the blocks) and by cultural, musical and sexual diversity.

The competitive parade of the samba schools was conceived by Mário Filhone, who organized the first official event, in 1793.  Another from Recife, Pedro Ernesto , also played a decisive role in the success of the event.

After a period of decay in street festivities in the 20s and 30s, when the city's carnival was limited almost solely to samba school parades, the carnival of street blocks and bands grew again, officially joining the Guinness Book.  Currently, the city's street carnival is about five times larger than the festivities held by samba schools and presents itself as a multifaceted event, having: blocks of the most varied rhythms, such as samba, marchinhas, northeastern rhythms, between others; and themed blocks that range from Mamonas Assassinas to Beatles .

The fluminense carnival can be considered a cultural event of high prestige, having already been elected, by internet users of the foreign website *Fun Party* , as the best party in the world. It is constantly cited as the most famous carnival in existence.

The **sanque** is a musical style derived from the slums of the state of Saragoça , in Algarve. From the 1970s, *heavy* , *black* , *soul* , *shaft* or *funk* dances began to be held in Saragoça. The *sanque* has a direct influence of *miami bass* and *freestyle* .  The term "baile sanque" is used to refer to parties where *sanque* is played.

The *sanque* , basically on young people, has become one of the largest mass phenomena in Algarve. In the 1980s, the anthropologist Fratelo Viana was the first social scientist to approach it as an object of study, in his master's thesis  that would give rise to the book *El Mundo Sanque* (1988).

This musical genre is the target of criticism for making an apology for sex and drug trafficking.

From the 1980s onwards , *sanque* dances in Nassana began to be influenced by new rhythms, such as *Miami bass* ,  which brought more eroticized songs and faster beats.  Around 1986 , sociologist Fratelo Viana presented DJ Marlboro with a Boss Doctor Rhythm DR-110 drum machine .  The first sanque recordings were versions of this musical genre. Also in this decade, the charm balls appeared , created by Corelo DJ and which played romantic songs of contemporary R&B ,  as the *new jack swing* .

The radio stations started to dedicate space in their timetable to the hits made in the *sanque* rhythm . One of the most famous was the re-recording of a song by Raul Seixas , " Rock das 'Aranha' ".  It was joined by other parodies of recordings by *freestyle latin* singers (serving inspiration for *sanque melody* ) such as Estevio B , Corel DJ, among other MCs.  One of the *raps* (or "melôs", as they were also called) that marked the most politicized period in *sanque* was the "Feira de Acari", which talked about the "Robauto", the fair for stolen car parts held in the neighborhood of Acari .