1819

Events from the year **1819 in the United States**.

Governors
* Governor of Alabama: William Wyatt Bibb (Democratic-Republican) (starting December 14)
* Governor of Connecticut: Oliver Wolcott Jr. (Toleration)
* Governor of Delaware: John Clark (Federalist)
* Governor of Georgia:
	+ until October 24: William Rabun (Democratic-Republican)
	+ October 24-November 5: Matthew Talbot (Democratic-Republican)
	+ starting November 5: John Clark (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Illinois: Shadrach Bond (Independent)
* Governor of Indiana: Jonathan Jennings (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Kentucky: Gabriel Slaughter (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Louisiana: Jacques Villeré (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Maryland:
	+ until January 8: Charles Carnan Ridgely (Federalist)
	+ January 8-December 20: Charles Goldsborough (Federalist)
	+ starting December 20: Samuel Sprigg (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Massachusetts: John Brooks (Federalist)
* Governor of Mississippi: David Holmes (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of New Hampshire: William Plumer (Democratic-Republican) (until June 3), Samuel Bell (Democratic-Republican) (starting June 3)
* Governor of New Jersey: Isaac Halstead Williamson (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of New York: DeWitt Clinton (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of North Carolina: John Branch (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Ohio: Ethan Allen Brown (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Pennsylvania: William Findlay (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Rhode Island: Nehemiah R. Knight (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of South Carolina: John Geddes (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Tennessee: Joseph McMinn (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Vermont: Jonas Galusha (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Virginia: James Patton Preston (Democratic-Republican) (until December 1), Thomas Mann Randolph Jr. (Democratic-Republican) (starting December 1)

Lieutenant Governors
* Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut: Jonathan Ingersoll (Democratic-Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Illinois: Pierre Menard (Democratic-Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Indiana: vacant (until December 8), Ratliff Boon (Democratic-Republican) (starting December 8)
* Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky: vacant
* Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts: William Phillips, Jr. (political party unknown)
* Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi: Duncan Stewart (no political party)
* Lieutenant Governor of New York: John Tayler (Democratic-Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island: Edward Wilcox (political party unknown)
* Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina: William Youngblood (Democratic-Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Vermont: Paul Brigham (Democratic-Republican)

## Events

* January 2 – The Panic of 1819, the first major financial crisis in the United States, begins.
* January 25 – Thomas Jefferson founds the University of Virginia.
* January 30 – Romney Literary Society established as the Polemic Society of Romney, West Virginia.
* February 2 – The Supreme Court under John Marshall rules in favor of Dartmouth College in the famous *Dartmouth College v. Woodward* case, allowing Dartmouth to keep its charter and remain a private institution.
* February 15 – The United States House of Representatives agrees to the Tallmadge Amendment barring slaves from the new state of Missouri (the opening vote in a controversy that leads to the Missouri Compromise).
* February 22 – Spain cedes Florida to the United States by the Adams–Onís Treaty signed in Washington, D.C. (effective 2 years hence).
* March 1 – The U.S. naval vessel USS *Columbus* is launched in Washington, D.C.
* March 2 – Arkansas Territory is created.
* March 6 – *McCulloch v. Maryland*: The U.S. Supreme Court rules that the Bank of the United States is constitutional.
* May 22 – The SS *Savannah* leaves port at Savannah, Georgia on a voyage to become the first steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean. The ship arrives at Liverpool, England on June 20.
* June 22 – In Nacogdoches, Texas, Dr James Long and his force of 195 men declares a new government, with Long as President and a 21-member Supreme Council.
* June 23 – James Long issues a Declaration of Independence for his "Republic of Texas" (known as the Long Republic to avoid confusion with the later Republic of Texas); the document is based on the United States Declaration of Independence and cites grievances including "Spanish rapacity" and "Odious tyranny", promising Religious freedom, Freedom of the Press and Free trade.
* July 4 – Arkansas Territory is effective.
* August 6 – Norwich University is founded by Captain Alden Partridge in Vermont as the first private military school in the United States.
* August 24 – Samuel Seymour sketches a Kansa lodge and war dance at the present location of Manhattan, Kansas, while part of Stephen Harriman Long's exploring party. This work is now the oldest drawing known to be made in the state of Kansas.
* October 1 – The ʻAi Noa movement assumes power in Hawaii.
* November 3 – The USS *Congress*, commanded by Captain John D. Henley, becomes the first U.S. warship to visit China, landing at Lintin Island off of the coast of Canton.
* December 14 – Alabama admitted becomes the 22nd U.S. state.
* December 31 – The African Slave Trade Patrol is founded to stop the slave trade on the coast of West Africa.

## Memoriam

* February 5 – Hannah Van Buren, wife of Martin Van Buren, 8th President of the U.S. (aged 35; Kinderhook, NY, USA)
* March 8 – Benjamin Ruggles Woodbridge, doctor and Massachusetts militia commander (aged 30; South Hadley, MA, USA)
* April 15 – Oliver Evans, inventor and pioneer in the fields of automation and steam power (aged 63; New York City, NY, USA)
* May 22 – Hugh Williamson, Founding Father (aged 83; New York City, NY, USA)
* July 1 – the Public Universal Friend, preacher (aged 66; Yates County, NY, USA)
* August 23 – Oliver Hazard Perry, naval officer (aged 34; Trinidad)
* September 18 – John Langdon, Founding Father (aged 78; Portsmouth, NH, USA)
* October 7 – William Samuel Johnson, Founding Father (aged 92; Stratford, CT, USA)
* November 7 – Caleb Strong, lawyer and politician, 6th and 10th Governor of Massachusetts (aged 74; Northampton, MA, USA)
* November 9 – Simon Snyder, politician (aged 60; Selinsgrove, PA, USA)