Earth 6

Earth 6 is a universe which contains many divergences, but is best known as a world where the American Revolution failed.

**Leaders of Britannia:** Alwin I (1 AD-)**,** Queen Gloriana I (1533-1603), King Henry IX (1603-), Queen Gloriana II, King George, King Henry X, Queen Gloriana III, Sir Ricardo Von Britannia, Emperor Aurelion, Claire Li Britannia, King Harold I, King George (Unknown number), Charles Zi Britannia

## **Fiction which takes places on Earth 6**

1. **Ultima(C.3,000 BC-586)\***
2. **Twig(Web Comic)(200,00 BC-1926)\***
3. **The Bartimaeus Trilogy(3,015 BC-2005)\***
4. **Lilith(Comic)(1,200 BC-Unknown Future)\***
5. **Code Geass(58 BC-2020)\***
6. **Lord Darcy(1199-1988)\***
7. **Tunnel Through the Deeps(1212-1973)\***
8. **Megamorphs #3: Elfangor's Secret(1415-1999)\***
9. **Shadows of Doubt(1610-1979)\***
10. **Torch of the Protectorate(Defunct Hearts of Iron IV Mod)(1650-1936)**
11. **The Troubled Commonwealth(1651-1788)**
12. **The Tales of Alvin Maker(1658-1844)\***
13. **Batman: Holy Terror(1658-1991)\***
14. **Look to the West(1688-1891)**
15. **Washington's Dirigibles(1754-)**
16. **Where on Earth is Carmen Sandiego? Episode " A Date with Carmen"(1752-1994)**
17. **The Two Georges(1760's-1995)**
18. **Pepper's Adventures in Time(non canon "Bad Ending")(1764)**
19. **Superman: Legacy(Comic)(1768-1976)**
20. **Pax Britannica(Hearts of Iron IV Mod)(1769-1949)**
21. **Sliders Episode "Prince of Wails"(1774-1995)**
22. **He Walked Around the Horses(1775-1809)**
23. **Marvel Comics: Captain Britain Corps(Earth 2122)(1775-1990)**
24. **Marvel Comics: Captain Colonies from Earth 4103(1775-1991)**
25. **Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot "Iron Jack" Episode(1775-2001)**
26. **Loyalist America by Upvoteanthology(colonies) and RvBOmally(expanded to include entire world) on Deviantart(1775-2015)**
27. **The Merchant Princes Series(1775-2021)**
28. **Futurama Episode " All the President's Heads"(1775-3011)**
29. **Rise of Nations: Thrones & Patriots: "New World" campaign(1776-1783)**
30. **The Fairly Oddparents Episode "Twistory"(1776-2002)**
31. **The Year of the Hangman(1777)**
32. **For Want of a Nail: If Burgoyne had won at Saratoga(1777-1972)**
33. **For All the Nails(Fanmade continuation of the above)**
34. **"His Powder'd Wig, His Crown of Thorns"(1779-1989)**
35. **The Tower and the Fox(1783-1810's)**
36. **New Amsterdam Books(1898-1962)**
37. **DC Comics: JLA(1997) Issue #19(briefly visited)(1997)**
38. **Half Life Mod "Iced Earth"(1997-200X)**

Notes:

*Rise of Nations* has no real way of being referenced directly.

The Saturday Night Live Skit "George Washington Returns" has "President Washington" brought forward in time and accidentally killed. With the British Flag appearing. Since he is referred to as President. it's more likely he was revived somehow and sent back to his own time.

## **History**

### **Prior to the Age of Darkness(65 Million B.C.E.-3,000 B.C.E.)**

**Point of Departure: 65 Million Years Ago**

In ancient times, The Xorinite Wisp learned the Armageddon Spell and taught it to a human named Zog on Sosaria(What would become Britannia or the British Isles). Zog is a human mage during the era of the Dinosaur King civilization(*Ultima*).

Several attacks transpire at once on the planet as he sees the Sporix Beasts attack with the extraterrestrial Knights of Rafkon arriving to fight them but losing(*Power Rangers Dino Fury*), Lavos landing on the Dinosaur King Capital(being from a warring Human Tribe with them, Zog nonetheless feels some sadness from this)(*Chrono Trigger*). The alien spaceship-city of T'leth crashing into the sea on Earth(*X-COM: Terror from the Deep*), The Brainspawn(Futurama) and Dragons killing many dinosaurs(*Reign of Fire*), Pyron and his army the Huitzil/Phobos(*Darkstalkers*). A Cetan spacecraft crashing(*Perfect Dark*) Fog Mother(*Kamen Rider J*), A duel between Keeper and the Bounty Hunter Sledge(*Power Rangers Dino Charge*), Lord Beerus(*Dragonball Super*), Death Ghidorah in battle with Mothra(*Rebirth of Mothra*), D.R. Dobbs and Ernie Quinch( *D.R. & Quinch*), And a more advanced species of Dinosaur("Big Game" by Isaac Assimov).

Faced with all these Dangers occurring at once as a joint effort to wipe out the Dinosaurs, Zog panicked and, unaware of just how dangerous it was, spoke the Armageddon Spell, which worked to kill every living thing of the planet except the user and beings at a certain power level(*Ultima*).

The Spell kills the Sporix Beasts and the Knights of Rafkon(before the Morphin Masters can bestow the Dino Charges on them), Lavos, The inhabitants of the T'leth, Cetan, ship, The Brainspawn, the Dragons, Pyron and the Huitzil/ Phobos, Fog Mother, Keeper, Sledge, Death Ghidorah, Mothra, D.R. Dobbs, Ernie Quinch, and the rogue Dinosaur race. Lord Beerus survives. Gemstones crash onto the site of the Dead Dinosaurs but since the curse killed them, there is no life energy for the Gemstones to take(Meaning No *Power Rangers: Dino Thunder*). The Corrupter Wyrm is never born due to these conditions(*Old World of Darkness*). Beerus tracks down Zog quickly and prepares to kill him, but then sees how remorseful he is. Beerus is interested and asks Zog to teach him the spell so that he could destroy other planets easier. Zog refuses and kills himself soon after out of guilt for his actions.

With the devastation of the Dinosaurs being much more widespread and instantaneous, several deities move in to create a new race of Humanity(While this occurred on Earth One, it happens much earlier here since the planet was still teeming with life in that universe. Here the Dinosaurs are well and truly extinct and the Earth nearly empty. The complete extinction of the Dinosaurs means no "Lost Worlds" exist as well as the Sinclair Family(*Dinosaurs*), or *The Flintstones* not existing ).

Humanity likely still exists but in this case the process is much slower due to the death of all specimens, though Ultra terrestrials likely seed the Earth as they did on Earth One(The Outer Limits (1995). This results in Humanity developing much slower. None of the primitive Cavemen Civilizations like in the Flintstones, Mighty Mightor, No Kobol Ships leaving Earth(*Battlestar Galactica*). The flying Polyps and Great Race of Yith are all dead( *Cthulhu Mythos*). The Fendahl likely crashes on Earth after the 5th Planet's destruction but cannot guide humanity(*Doctor Who*).

**10 Million B.C.E.**

Without Humanity being on the same level as on Earth One, The Precursors choose the Forerunners as the next bearers of the mantle, averting the war on Earth One that would have resulted from their rejection and the Precursors becoming the Flood. The Forerunners tend to resort to using WMD like weapons more readily against threats(*Halo*).

**6 Million B.C.E.**

The Tanu and Firvulag arrive on Earth from the Duat galaxy(*Saga of the Exiles*)(Here they are the first colonizers since the Armageddon Spell and so have free rein over the Earth).

At this point australopithecines, the early primate has developed on Earth and History begins to force itself back on track somewhat with the appearance of the Monolith(*2001: A Space Odyssey*), crash landing of the Cybertronians and Mini-Cons(*Transformers*), arrival of the Pak(*Known Space*) and Golgafrincham B-Ark(*The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy*), transpiring, though the events of *Early Man* and *One Million Years B.C.* do not as Humanity has not advanced that far yet and is only just Apes currently. Notably Atlantis and Lemuria do not exist due to Humanity being behind. Mu however did come to exist. It was at some point destroyed, possibly by Ythogtha (*Avatar: The last Airbender, Legend of Korra, Out of Ages*).

God creates Adam and Eve. The first true humans. History progresses with the Daemons arriving on Earth to begin wiping out the Neanderthals(*Doctor Who*). The Isu occupy the Earth before they are devastated by a Solar Flare(*Assassin's Creed*), Vandar Adg becomes immortal(*DC Comics*),

**48,000 B.C.E.**

The Forerunners activate the mass relay during the Reaper-Forerunner War, defeating the Reapers(Without Humanity being capable of challenging them they are in better shape and since they are the Precursor successors they are confident enough to employ doomsday weapons, leaving much devastation).

**~20,000 B.C.E.**

Goats become first animal to be domesticated(*Twig*)

Wolves domesticated, possible in early China though specifics vary(*Twig*).

The Mayan Gods come into existence in South America. Izanagi no Mikoto and Izanami no Mikoto form Japan. The Dieties of Middle Earth battle Morgoth and succeed in killing him(*The Silmarillion*. There is now no need for Humanity to advance into technology akin to the Middle Ages, which is not the case on this Earth). The Goa'Uld under System Lord Ra begin abducting humans. The slow progression also means there is no Hyborian Age and *Conan the Barbarian* is instead "Conan the Caveman"*.* Gaea gave birth to the Titans*(Greek Mythology).* Wakanda*(Marvel Comics)* evidently does not exist if we take that Agriculture hadn't been invented yet as stated in *Twig,* First defeat of the Daevites(*SCP Foundation*). The Daevites are far from an established society and more of a nomad tribe.

**~7,000 B.C.E.**

Birth of Agriculture(*Twig*)This is much later than real life which began in 9,500 B.C.E.).

Wheat domesticated in Levant(*Twig*)

Corn domesticated in Central America(*Twig*)

There is no evidence of Either Shazam or Hawkman and Hawkgirl existing in this universe(*DC Comics*), Nor Ayesha and the City of Kor(*She*). Its possible the Osirans(*Doctor Who*) and Goa'Ulds(*Stargate*) still impersonate the Egyptians Gods, which in turn leads to them becoming real(*American Gods*).

**5,000 B.C.E.**

The Greek Gods go down a different path. In this universe, Chronos never betrayed Uranos until after he gave birth to Zeus. Zeus then betrayed Chronos. As a result Greece became locked in a three way war between the Three Gods. The land of Greece takes the name of the Dark Unknown(The Name of the Greece based nation in *Ultima*).

The Events of *The Hobbit* and *The Lord of the Rings* do not happen due to Morgoth's early Death. There is no purge by Humanity against the magical creatures, meaning several stories like *Monsters Inc,* and *Undertale* do not exist without the exile transpiring. Down the line, it is likely God still recreates Adam and Eve, as well as Akasha(*Queen of the Damned*), as well as the fall of Lucifer, possibly *The Scorpion King* also happens.

**3,015 B.C.E.**

The Djinn Faquarl is first summoned in Jericho(*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**3,010 B.C.E.**

**Uruk, Sumer:** The Djinn Bartimaeus is first summoned. His first job is to pinch a fertility stature from the love goddess’s sanctuary in Ur. Morally speaking, this sets the tone for his next 2000 years. Despite this, he at first experiences a ‘terrible joy’ – a feeling that his energies could cope with anything. This feeling vanishes when he’s sent off to irrigate and cultivate the Fertile Crescent(*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**3,000 B.C.E.**

The first religious Cult known as the Cult of Truth was founded(3000 years before the founding of Britannia)( (*Ultima*)The Cult of Truth likely worships Truth from *Fullmetal Alchemist*).

The Island of Ambrosia(Named for the nurse of Dionysus) was destroyed by "Rocks from the sky", actually meteorites(*Ultima*).

Humanity drove the Cyclopes species underground under orders of Zeus, due to their allegiance to his enemies(*Ultima*).

**Sosaria(The British Isles):** Among the Kingdoms to form was Akalabeth ruled by King Wolfgang. Wolfgang had two sons, one of which, Mondain, would kill his father and brother, taking his father's ruby gem(*Ultima*).

A portal(known as a Moon Gate), opened and deposited a temporally displaced boy from Earth named Richard Garriott. He met the warrior Shamino and soon became a revered figure, the transportation granting him strange abilities(*Ultima*).

### **The Age of Darkness(3,000 B.C.E.-1,403 B.C.E.)**

**2,900 B.C.E.+**

For centuries, Bartimaeus is employed by various warring city states throughout southern Mesopotamia, helping conduct campaigns against their rivals. Notable early cities include: Ur, Kish, Eridu and Uruk. Soon he meets, and regularly crosses horns with, the djinni Faquarl, whose first summoning was in 3015, in Jericho(*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**Sosaria(The British Isles):** Mondain used the ruby gem of his father to create the Gem of Immortality. He experimented on his own followers and turned them into hybrid creatures such as Minotaurs, Goblins and Lizardmen. This heralded the beginning of the Age of Darkness. Richard Garriott was able to drive Mondain from Akalabath in the corner of Sosaria. He was christened Lord British and gathered many heroes to aid him, coining the term "Knight" for them and helping to rid the local realm of monsters. Mondain's actions caused the lands of Sosaria to outlaw magic(*Ultima)*

**Lands of Danger and Despair(Ireland)**: Lord British's friend Shamino became the ruler of his own kingdom in "The Lands of Danger and Despair." Voyages out into the sea revealed the existence of sea monsters when the ship known as the Pembroke was sunk in front of a small armada(*Ultima*).

Mondain, seeking allies, traveled into space and recruited an alien race he called "starwalking monsters of unparalleled savagery." While their identity is unclear they are theorized to be the Kilrathi(*Ultima*).

**The Lands of the Dark Unknown(Greece):** Zeus cements his power in this land. Its reputation as a dark land remains. Zeus himself is weakened. He reigns as king of Olympus. An Egyptian ruler named Ozymandias occupies the Castle of the Black Dragon(A Castle of the White Dragon also exist, both slavic in origin) as well as a German presence in the town of Nassau. All exist as the Greek God's fighting in the land left many chances for other people to move in(*Ultima*)(The Kings in *Ultima I*, could not be harmed. While this was just game mechanics. Here the Kings are Deities like Zeus, as such the mortal player character cannot harm them).

**The Land of the Feudal Lords(Japan):** The country was ruled by two kings situated in Rondorlin and Barataria. These Kings were the Deities Izanagi no Mikoto and his son Susanoo no Mikoto. The Land of the Feudal Lords and the Lands of the Dark Unknown made contact with each other due to Greek explorers and through them established a friendship with the Olympian Gods. As a result, they shared many aspects culturally. It was from the Land of the Feudal Lords that the Argonauts set sail on an unknown village rather than Greece as in Earth One. Similarly Heracules lived and met his end in a Dungeon, who's name became "Where Hercules Died" when translated. This land is also notable for colonizing Planet X(also known as Mondas), the tenth planet in the Solar System, building a second Castle Barataria there(*Ultima*).

Dungeons were quite common. Another notable difference is the continued existence of Mount Doom, rather than the Volcano's apparent destruction at the end of the Hyborian Age, as well as the continued existence of creatures native to that area such as Hobbits, Elves, Dwarves and Balrogs among others(*Ultima*).

Technology was more widely shared and space travel was more frequent to Earth. Of all things, Space Shuttle technology was introduced first(likely due to contact with alien races and time travellers) leading to Blacksmiths needing to quickly learn how to repair or build them as well as traditional weapons such as Swords. Intergalactic trade also brought weapons such as very modern guns mixing with swords and arrows. An early incarnation of ships resembling Tie Fighters was introduced in other areas of space as Mondain's power grew to such a large extent. It was through time travel that Mondain allies with Emperor Palpatine from Universe One. It was thanks to the presence of time travellers and explains the contact between the cultures and colonization of other worlds(*Ultima*).

Mondain took on an apprentice and lover named Minax. The two conceived a son named Exodus. For the first time, a being known as the Stranger appeared in this world through the Moon Gate portals like those who brought Garriott to Earth. The Stranger was originally known by that name and later the Avatar, while in Britannia he had no other name just as Garriott became Lord British. His name on Earth, however, was Noah Antwiler. He would late become an internet Reviewer and share the common bad luck of being forced to battle characters from the games he would review, including a series of games based on the events he would partake in adapted by James Halliday. The portal(also known as the Siege Perilous and the Moon Gates) had an odd effect. Time passed differently often decades or centuries on Earth 6, though this was balanced out by the fact that the presence of magic and advanced technology meant age was slowed down. Still Noah Antwiler, for now was simply "The Stranger," opposed Mondain and was granted a Time Machine from an unknown individual. It was later discovered that the Time Machine was a TARDIS gifted by a member of the Time Lord, simply referring to himself as "The Time Lord". Given Mondain's intergalactic Empire, he had chosen to get involved(He is largely theorized to be this universe's incarnation of The Doctor,)(*Ultima*).

The lands would face a massive cataclysm when Mondain was killed by the Stranger. Contact between the civilizations was lost (*Ultima*).

**The Lands of the Dark Unknown(Greece):** The land fell into the sea and darkness. An entity known as the Guardian invaded this world, killing the Olympians, possibly aided by the people of the land losing faith in their deities after the Crisis. The Guardian was the dark counterpart of the Stranger and appeared in the land when he did. The Guardian the new god of the land, which he renamed Pagan (*Ultima*).

**The Land of the Feudal Lords(Japan)** were isolated and became known as the Tokuno Islands (*Ultima*).

**The Lands of Danger and Despair(Ireland):** Shamino was intended to marry the daughter of the King of the White Dragon, Beatrix, but would leave to help battle Mondain, promising to return. He would, but far far later. As the land was sundered, Goblins attacked it and started a bloody war. Beatrix died of a broken heart and in rage, the King of White Dragon went on a rampage, killing everyone in the castle before committing suicide, leaving no royal family. The land was lost until the arrival of three serpents. The Red Chaos Serpent, the Blue Order Serpent and the Great Earth Serpent. The Earth Serpent kept the other two in balance. Their worshippers became the Ophidians and were readily accepted. Shrines and temples were constructed and new cities such as Skullcrusher and Spinebreaker. The land became known as Serpent Isle (*Ultima*).

**C.2,700 B.C.E.**

**Sumer:** At an unknown date early in his career, Bartimaeus is responsible for a great flood, which occurs when he builds a dam across the Euphrates river for a bet. Many houses between Ur and Shuruppak are apparently inundated, though in Bartimaeus’s view the incident has been subsequently ‘over-reported’(*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**C.2,600 B.C.E.**

**Uruk, Sumer:** Reign of King Gilgamesh. The great king Gilgamesh is Bartimaeus’s first named master. Bartimaeus serves him in the guise of a youthful spear-carrier, and helps him defeat the giant Humbaba. Around this time Bartimaeus rebuilds the walls of Uruk, a feat that for 4,500 years remains one of his proudest boasts. Ever afterwards ‘Bartimaeus of Uruk’ is his favoured title (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**2,551 B.C.E.**

**Egypt:** Khufu becomes pharaoh of Egypt. Bartimaeus is involved in construction of Khufu’s great pyramid, and suspects Faquarl’s involvement when a bit of it falls on him(*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**C.2,400 B.C.E.**

**Ur, Sumer:** Possibly around this time, Bartimaeus is enslaved by the terrible Old Priestess of Ur, who conducts murderous rituals involving the sacrifice of animals and servants. The Priestess longs for immortality, and works her magicians to death to get it. Her obsession results in the creation of the dreadful Circlet of Harms and the final downfall of the Old Priestess. Bart buries her at last in a lead-lined tomb – despite her muffled protests (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**C.2,300 B.C.E.**

**Akkad:** Around this time, Bartimaeus serves King Sargon the Great of Akkad, aka ‘Old Scowler’ (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**C.2,050 B.C.E.**

**Eridu, Sumer:** The City of Eridu, ‘the bone-white city’, reaches the zenith of its power. Bartimaeus was probably present there around this time (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**2,000 B.C.E.**

The first recorded use of werewolves in warfare by Lycaon of Arcadia happened this year(*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*)(Lycaon of Arcadia is best known for feeding his son to the Gods Of Olympus. Here however he is a refugee from thise who fled the sinking of Greece and the death of the Olympians means he's in no position to make such a sacrifice.

**C.1,792 B.C.E.**

**Babylon:** The reign of King Hammurabi begins. Hammurabi conquers most of Mesopotamia. Bart is among his troops, who sing rude songs about Hammurabi in his honour. The king joins in the choruses(*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**C.1,500s B.C.E.**

**Jericho, Canaan:** Bartimaeus possibly works on the walls of Jericho around this time. According to the djinni Queezle, Bartimaeus is responsible for their flimsy construction(*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**1,500 B.C.E.**

**Atlantis:** A Mycenaean outpost on Santorini, is destroyed in this year by a powerful spirit. Bartimaeus hears the explosion hundreds of miles away in the Egyptian delta (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*)(This seems to be the only Atlantis to exist in this universe).

**1,478 B.C.E.**

**Egypt:** Bartimaeus is a member of Tuthmosis III’s army, allegedly the greatest body of spirits ever assembled (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*)(Due to the different spelling Tuthmosis III is closely a parallel to Thutmose III).

**1,423 B.C.E.**

Due to Minax's manipulations, namely the cataclysm and the loss of contact with most of the lands, a magic spell caused human civilization to disappear everywhere except for Britain and Italy. Britain remained ruled over by Lord British, and Le Jester, a small settlement in northern Africa With the normal flow of time disrupted by the enchantress, the outcroppings of ancient civilization shifted positions. Besides the only civilization under Lord British and Le Jester, a dungeon existed in the northern mountains of Greenland, and a tower had been erected on the east coast of South America.

At this time, a great deal of anachronistic technology was still available to the populace, thanks to the time doors and time travelers from the future. Anachronisms from the future including Lightsabers(called light swords) and phasers being available, and computer programmers discussing their trade idly in public.

The Stranger would defeat Minax, causing the world to be altered. When the time doors collapsed, everything that came out from them was sucked back and returned to their original time zones. This includes time travelers, future technology, and also Minax's minions (*Ultima II*).

**1,403 B.C.E.**

20 years after Minax's defeat, the Isle of Fire rose out of the Sea as Molten Lava spewed from underwater volcanoes. Monsters began attacking settlements and a fleet of Pirate ships swept across the sea. At Serpent Isle, war broke out known as the War of imbalance between the worshippers of the two serpents. In the land of Lord British, a ship was found devoid of crew with the word Exodus written in blood on the deck. In response, Lord British sent out several vehicles to map the land. "The Time Lord" took on the identity of the cartographer Hawkwind when most ships did not return. he discovered the Moongates and how they worked but was attacked and wounded outside Castle Britannia before relaying this information. Shamino was driven insane when he visited the Castle of Fire on the Isle of Fire. The Stranger returned to battle Exodus with the aid of the Time Lord. Exodus was slain, his death causing another cataclysm. After a final battle on Bloody Plains, the forces of Exodus were purged from the land.(*Ultima III*).

### **Age of Enlightenment(1,403 B.C.E.-200 A.D.)**

**Britannia(British Isles):** Lord British established the Great Council. One of their first acts was to use magic to learn of the Codex of Ultimate Wisdom from the Gargoyles(the closest Earth One equivalent being the Grimorum Arcanorum). The book spoke of the Eight Virtues and could only be accessed by someone who met the requirements of the Avatar. In order to improve the book, the Magus had travelled far and wide and learned of the ancient tales of the Avatar of Mu. Lord British began to enforce these Eight virtues within his own people. Different people would form their own Virtues based on these teachings such as the Erstam people and they would leave Britannia, arriving in the Serpent Isles. Lord British built three shrines to the Principles on the Isle of Fire, but the Gargoyles, equipped with some magic from the Codex of Ultimate Wisdom, summoned the spirits of Mondain, Minax and Exodus to inhabit the three shrines and cause the Isle of Fire to sink into the sea. At around the same time Demons destroyed the city of Magincia due to their pride and there being no Christianity in this universe to repeal them. Lord British used this to enforce the idea that Magincia was destroyed for breaking away from the Virtues. The Stranger returned to Britannia to prevent damage caused by the evil within Mondain's skull, which he would destroy by throwing into the Stygian Abyss. The Stranger then went on a quest to achieve the Eight Virtues and was able to discover the Codex of Ultimate Wisdom. Lord British therefore promoted him as the reincarnation of the Avatar of ancient Mu and the name caught on. The Stranger forever more became known as the Avatar(*Ultima IV*).

**C.1,350 B.C.E.**

**Egypt:** Akhenaten and Nefertiti rule Egypt. Bartimaeus is closely associated with the heretic pharaoh and his wife around this time, and seems to be a favourite of Nefertiti in particular. Bartimaeus claims to have personally delivered the anklet to her. A few years later he is involved in the overthrow of Akhenaten, a coup engineered by the High Priests of Ra, and for this Nefertiti never forgives him (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**1,279 B.C.E.**

**Egypt:** Reign of Rameses the Great begins. Bartimaeus works hard for Rameses II, whom he remembers later as a grandiose and pockmarked ruler. It may be during this time that he rebuilds the walls of Karnak, another of his favourite boasts (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**1,274 B.C.E.**

Battle of Qadesh between Egyptians and the Hittites, which Rameses wins. Bartimaeus and Faquarl take part in this battle. Two hundred years later, the battlefield is still a blackened waste, a field of bones (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**C.1200 B.C.E.**

**Fall of Troy:** Faquarl claims to have been present on this occasion, and to have given Odysseus the idea for the Trojan Horse. Bartimaeus is sceptical, but can’t prove anything, as he was in Egypt at the time. Around this time Faquarl is in his pomp, known far and wide as Faquarl of Sparta, scourge of the Aegean. Bartimaeus recalls him as a ‘slate-black giant crushing hoplite armies beneath [his] heels (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

In Anatolia, then a region of Troade, The land is being raided by the Ahhiya. A time traveller named Lyca arrives. In the future she comes from, Humanity, lives underground as an alien race known as the Triacanto rules the surface, resembling a massive insect swarm. Lyca is a modified human. The future civilization discovered the Triacanto gestated within humans for centuries before emerging by bursting out of humans like trees and have sent Lyca back to find a target gestating the Triacanto (dubbed the Spiromorph) and kill them, changing history by preventing the gestation. The Future Society acknowledges that this will create an alternate universe but also that it will likely erase their time from existence. Also sent back is a Insectoid creature called a Miriapode, which she must find and bond with to gain knowledge of the time period she is in. She is also granted a guide, a being only she can see which is a mix of several animals but largely a dog with catlike claws and big enough to ride to meet several needs which she dubs "Dark One". Due to the method of time travel being made up of obsolete technology salvaged by Skynet, Lyca arrives in every time period naked. The travels are also exhausting and she will succumb to narcolepsy for long stretches of time.

After finding the Miriapode, Lilith learns she is in Troy just prior to its fall. Lyca poses as an Amazon from Themyscira sent there to fight(not actually uncommon as Wonder Woman did so herself on Earth One, fighting in the Trojan War, but the Amazons were lost with the Olympians when Themyscira sank along with the rest of Greece, though many rumors of surviving Amazons persisted). She learns her target is in the City of Wilusa which is to be sieged by Akireu(Earth 6's Achillies), though he refuses. Lyca then arrives and offers to join the Greeks, proving her worth by fighting and disarming her opponent. She falls due to narcolespy and awakens during a battle, during which a friend of Akireu is killed by the Prince of the Trojans, spurring him to fight. Searching to kill the Triacanto herself to ensure its death, she prevents Akireu from killing a man, making him vow revenge. The Siege of Troy begins with the Trojan Horse instead being a large battering ram that breaches the walls. Lyca helps rescue survivors but finds the Triacanto among them. She separates and then murders the host, which the man's son witnesses, believing Lyca is Lilitu, or the Demon Lilith. Akireu attacked Lyca along with his men. She fought back and blinded Akireu by gouging out his eyes(because the Olympians were killed by the Guardians and Greece sank, Achillies of this world never received invincibility from the River Styx). Lyca then fought Faquarl and was defeated, passing out and being dragged away by the Dark One but was seen flying over the city, which the Greeks took as a sign of their victory. Upon awakening and preparing to be sent to another time, Lyca decided to take the name Lilith. Akireu was forced to give up fighting due to is injury but chose to return to his musical talents of singing and playing the lyre. Homer still wrote the Iliad, which now included mention of Lyca as Athena, gouging out the eyes of Achillies to teach him humility(*Lilith*)(Its likely Brutus of Troy perished in the Fall of Troy, though his significant role he had on Earth One is not heeded with Britannia already existing. Bion, later Orlando likely does not exist as she was born Greek. If she does exist she is in Pagan and never gained immortality).

**1,170 B.C.E.**

**Egypt:** Bartimaeus is involved in Rameses III’s campaigns against the Sea Peoples, and helps drive them from Egyptian soil (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**970s-940s B.C.E.**

**Israel:** Solomon the Great is king of Israel. Solomon wields great power with his magic ring, one of the most powerful talismans of all time. Bart is one of many spirit slaves working for Solomon’s magicians, and he undertakes much construction work in Jerusalem (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**950 B.C.E.**

Bartimaeus briefly works on Solomon’s Temple, before taking a leading part in ‘that uncomfortable business of Solomon’s magic ring,’ in which Jerusalem is almost destroyed. Bart seems slightly equivocal about the whole affair in later years, but is more than happy to boast of having spoken with Solomon (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**753 B.C.E.**

Rome is founded(Shows up in several works set on this Earth).

**C.700 B.C.E.**

**Battle of Al-Arish:** One of the most destructive battles of the ancient world, ‘when the pharaoh drove back the Assyrian army from Egyptian soil’. During this battle Bartimaeus(working for the Egyptians) killed a great many Utukku, and gained their undying hatred. Afterwards, at the site of the battle, ‘for two square miles around the sand clogged red (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**C.680s B.C.E.**

**Nineveh, Assyria:** Bartimaeus is sent here by Babylonian magicians to slip arsenic in Sennacherib’s food, only to be spotted by Faquarl who is working for the king. Bart and Faquarl have the ‘mother of all food-fights’ until Bartimaeus fells Faquarl with a ham bone and escapes. Their relationship goes rapidly downhill from here (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**C.600 B.C.E.**

**Media:** Around this time Bartimaeus works for the Median Magi, the first magicians to start the (afterwards typical) solitary master-apprentice structure (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**C.550 – 330 B.C.E.**

**Persepolis, Persia:** Bartimaeus works for the Persians during this period, probably under the by-name Sakhr al-Jinni. He perhaps witnesses the destruction of Persepolis in the 480s by the entity Nouda the Terrible (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**490 B.C.E.**

**China:** Fan Li gives Xi Shi and Zheng Dan to Fuchai(Chinese Mythology, Xi Shi is mentioned in *Lilith*).

**473 B.C.E.**

**China:** Goujian launched his strike and completely routed the Wu army. King Fuchai committed suicide. Fan Li takes Xi Shi with him and they are never seen again. She is later reported to have drowned in a river(Chinese Mythology, Xi Shi is mentioned in *Lilith*).

**440 B.C.E.**

**Athens, Greece:** The magician Phidias builds the Parthenon with the help of the marid, Atlas. Bartimaeus does not specifically state he was there, but he seems to know a fair bit about it (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*)(The Parthenon on this Earth is not built in Greece due to it sinking and becoming Pagan).

**C. 220 B.C.E.**

**Syracuse, Sicily:** Around now, Bartimaeus allegedly meets and gives helpful advice to Archimedes (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**200s B.C.E.**

**Rome/Carthage:** Bart meets the afrit Naeryan during the Scipio campaigns (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**126 B.C.E.**

**Egypt, Alexandria:** Bartimaeus meets Ptolemy. Bartimaeus, now known by his Egyptian byname, ‘Rekhyt’, is employed by the magician Ptolemy and quickly becomes his friend. For two brief years Ptolemy devotes himself to understanding spirits. He sends Bart and his other djinn – Affa, Penrenutet and Teti – out to help the ordinary people with their problems. Ptolemy becomes popular, and arouses the resentment of his cousin, the Egyptian king (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**125 B.C.E.**

Assassins make an attempt on Ptolemy’s life. Bartimaeus kills them (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**124 B.C.E.**

Ptolemy sends Bart to fight against Barbary pirates and desert raiders. He fights against the jackal-headed djinni Jabor, and takes part in the Battle of the Cataracts. Afterwards, Ptolemy gives Bartimaeus a week off – his first experience of pure free will on Earth. Ptolemy visits the Other Place and is seriously weakened. Later that year Ptolemy is assassinated by Roman magicians. Affa, Penrenutet and Teti are also killed. Bartimaeus survives(*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**55 B.C.E.**

Julius Caesar launches an invasion of Britannia. The Gallic expedition served as a record of fighting at the time of the "Gallic War" is all that he himself wrote. Like on Earth One, Caesar fails to take a small Gaulish village which invented a magic potion. Caesar's invasion of Britannia fails miserably as Italy lacks the magical prowess of Britannia (*Code Geass*).

**54 B.C.E.**

Julius Caesar attempts a second invasion of Britannia. This time equipped with sorcerers of his own. His forces are once again defeated. Julius Caesar is killed(*Code Geass*). Rome plunges into Civil War.

**7 B.C.E.**

Augustus Caesar visits Britannia to forge an alliance to end the Roman Civil War. While there he gets an Irish woman of the O Ceallaigh clan pregnant. August Caesar takes his pregnant Irish Wife back with him to Rome. The child is born Ceallaigh Caesar (A take on an infamously bad fanfiction *Kelly the Roman Warrior*. Due to butterflies. This is one of the few universes where an element of the stories could actually happen, Boudicca surviving. Ceallaigh is a rough translation of the name Kelly which has irish origins to the old language).

**6 B.C.E.**

Augustus Caesar's Irish wife and mother of Ceallaigh Caesar and Warrior in her own right is killed in an invasion during the roman civil war(*Kelly the Roman Warrior*).

**0 A.D.**

**Rome:** Around this time, Bart befriends Julia, a Vestal Virgin, with whom he watches chariot races at the Circus Maximus. He meets the afrit Naeryan again (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**1. C.E.**

After a prolonged Roman Civil War, Augustus takes over as the Emperor of Rome. Since Lord British had a hand in his rise to power through an alliance, Augustus makes peace with Britannia. Lord British is given the honorary titled of King Alwin I(*Code Geass,* Why not earlier? Well for the most part other dates in the Timeline seem to line up the Britannian Calendar with the Gregorian Calendar).

Jesus Christ is born(mentioned in several works).

**10 C.E.**

Due to his distrust of the Gargoyles(harbored by his theft of the Codex of Ultimate Wisdom). Lord British refuses to allow Gargoyles to set foot in Britannia. They therefore remain largely in the Roman Empire.

**12 C.E.**

A 19 year old Ceallaigh Caesar is living in Rome when Godzilla bursts from the Earth, causing "The Great Fire of Rome". Ceallaigh escapes the fire and begins searching for her father. With the aid of a guardian spirit in the shape of an Elk she is taken to a witch and told to search for objects. This includes helping a Vampire overthrow a rival who took his castle. Ceallaigh recruits a series of monsters including the vampire, and the mummy of Tutankhensetamun during the quest to obtain the objects. She soon discovered that Augustus Caesar had been taken to the underworld by Hades(known as Pluto to the Romans, who had escaped the fall of Greece by the Guardians), who was seeking to invade Earth with the dead armies of Sauron as well as brainwashing Thor(who was not worshipped as a god on this Earth), Ceallaigh was granted the powers of the former Greek Gods and now Roman God Athena/Minerva and led a team of warriors into battle, vanquishing the army back to the underworld(*Kelly the Roman Warrior.* A so bad its good fanfiction. Possibly intentionally so. Due to *Godzilla: Rage across Time*, the King of Kaijus appearing this far back isn't implausible. Godzilla is now seen as a Kaiju awoken by the Atomic blast not created by it. While the Great Fire of Rome occurred in 64 AD, here it occurs in 12 C.E. which is a direct dating as the fanfiction was written in 2012 and stated to take place "2000 years ago". Several of the characters in the story are from existing works such as Dracula, Edward Cullen, Shrek, the Hulk. Most of these are removed due to not fitting in with the time period).

**32 C.E.**

Europe is threatened by a plague. Augustus Caesar is near death and training Ceallaigh Caesar to succeed him. When news of the plague reaches Rome, Ceallaigh assembles a team including the Vampire, Elrond, the Mummy Tutankhensetamun, a wizard(descendant of the Black family, as in Sirius Black), and Boudicca. They also travel to Gaul and recruit the aged Asterix and Obelix. They find that the undead Nergal is unleashing the plague while allied with Sauron. Augustus Caesar betrays the group to wipe out Gaul and Britannia, being granted the powers of Zeus. In the end he turns against Nergal and both are destroyed but only Ceallaigh Caesar and Boudicca survive, the two becoming married(*Kelly the Roman Warrior II*).

**33 C.E.**

Jesus Christ is crucified(mentioned in several works).

**42 C.E.**

A Kryptonian warrior arrives in Carthage and attempts to lead them against Rome and Britannia, but is defeated by Ceallaigh using the powers of the gods(*Kelly the Roman Warrior III*).

**60 A.D.**

The Great Council of Britannia conjured a spell to obtain the Codex of Ultimate Wisdom, succeeding and sending the Gargoyles into panic. They would be punished by Rome for their failure in protecting the book and cast out, forcing them to live largely underground or risk destruction or discovery from either Britannia or Rome. Taking the book caused great geological instability, causing a crack to open up and releasing horrible monsters. This resulted in the Britannian council sealing the Eight Dungeons, and a drought that saw Lake Generosity dry up. Lord British also wrote the Book of Lore, a 54 page history of Britannia himself. Another man from Earth one, a knight named Segallion, entered Britannia through a moon gate, he would eventually become a pirate and live a much quieter life than either Lord British or the Avatar did(*Ultima*)

This era was peaceful. The new Religion prospered with the formation of Empath Abbey and its monks and the ghosts of Magincia were laid to rest, leading to the town to be recolonized by people from Vesper as New Magincia. A new age of exploration began, though wrought with trouble, including Captain Johnne's ship being lost in a whirlpool, leading to him being possessed by the beings known as the Shadowlords, shards from the Gem of Immortality gained sentience, and killing his crew. It was discovered that the whirlpool led to the Underworld and Lord British personally led an expedition through the Maelstrom, leaving his trusted advisor Lord Blackthorn in charge(*Ultima V*).

**129 A.D.**

Sun Wukong, the Monkey King, goes on a rampage in Heaven but is defeated by Buddha and imprisoned for 500 years(*Journey to the West*)(Lilith impersonates him from 1937-1938)(*Lilith*).

**137 A.D.**

Blackthorn was corrupted by the Shadowlords and seized power in 137 AD. Lord Blackthorn instituted Martial Law and enacted more repressive versions of the Code of Virtue. Lord British, while trapped in the Underworld befriended what he believed to be a Demon, but was actually a Gargoyle. The Gargoyles had taken to Satanic Worship and had been changed to resemble Demons named Sin'Vraal(*Ultima V*).

**139 A.D.**

The Avatar was summoned back in 139 AD and destroyed the Shadowlords and rescued Lord British. Lord Blackthorn, though brainwashed, was exiled to Serpent Isles. The Underworld in actuality the realm of the Gargoyles, began to collapse.

Exploration resumed with a ship piloted by a Captain Hawkins was also lost at sea in a mutiny, the crew falling to piracy. Captain Johne had another more successful trip, even befriending a Gargoyle named Beh Lem. The collapse of the Underworld led to a Gargoyle-Britannia war. The wizard Sutek, a worshipper of Set, went insane and began to perform experiments, creating animal hybrids. He would not be the only one as spellcasters began to go insane. The island of Bordermarch was sunk. The Gargoyle religions proclaimed the existence of an ancient prophecy that the end of the world would come when the Codex of Ultimate Wisdom was stolen and that the thief would bring the end of the world as *An Bal Sil Fer*(The False Prophet). In reality this prophecy was fake, created to get the Gargoyles to attack and kill the Avatar(*Ultima V*).

**161 A.D.**

The Gargoyles summoned the Avatar to attempt to sacrifice him but he was rescued. The Avatar then learned of the disagreement over the Codex and sent it into a void where it could only be read if both races performed a ritual to do so, together, leading to a stalemate in the war in 161 AD. Some Gargoyles settled in certain areas. One group refused to make peace and became a band that was reformed by the warrior Dupre to follow the Virtues, taking the name "The Locusts"(*Ultima VI*).

**173 A.D.**

Evil began to return, the first sign of this was in 173 AD when the monk Sir Arthur Cabirus attempted to find a new town on the isle of the Avatar. The Spellcaster Horace, half mad, attempted to gain immortality but transformed himself into an undead Lich, creating a Dark Tower on the island of Skara Brae. An alchemist named Caine attempted to find a way to trap Horace but due to the inepitude of the town Mayor, Forsythe, the formula exploded, killing everyone in the town instantly. The land of Stonegate was occupied by a group of wingless gargoyles that were massacred by Mayor of Jhelom, Lord Velemon to become his private estate(*Ultima*).

**192 A.D.**

Lilith arrives in this era in Rome and become a gladiator, saving the life of Emperor Commodus from an assassination as the Gladiator Narcissus is the Triacanto bearer. Lilith kills Narcissus. After she disappears Lilith becomes a figure of worship in Roman Mythology(*Lilith*).

**199 A.D.**

The ship "Anne's Revenge' was constructed by shipwright of New Magincia Alluria(*Ultima*)(the name being shared with Blackbeard's ship is possibly conicidence, it most likely being named after another Anne).

**207 A.D.**

A white X-Ray Potion was created that caused controversy in a peeping tom case. An even "Whiter" light potion took its place(*Ultima*).

**210 A.D.**

Sir Arthur Cabirus died and his Abyssal Colony fell apart. Baron Almric sealed off the isle but his daughter was abducted under the orders of the wizard Tybal, the Avatar, appearing in her room at the time of the kidnapping, and was sent to rescue her, succeeding and killing Tybal in the Stygian Abyss(*Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss*).

### **Age of Armaggedon(210 A.D.-586 A.D.)**

Brittania entered a period of several minor wars, leading to the rise of the fellowship, a group founded by Batlin and Siblings Abraham and Elizabeth which included Burnside, mayor of Minoc(*Ultima*).

**216**

Galen of Pergamon dies(*Twig*).

**300s-800s**

**Yucatán Peninsula, Central America:** The Mayan civilization reaches its height during this period. At some time during these centuries Bartimaeus becomes active in Yucatán, often employing his ‘winged serpent with silver feathers’ guise (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**341 A.D.**

The Fellowship was officially recognized. The Britannian Mining Company(BMC), was also founded. However as Britannia grew, a new threat emerged in the form of the Guardian, who defeated and imprisoned the Time Lord(*Ultima VII*).

**362 A.D.**

The Avatar returned to the land, discovering the Fellowship was under the influence of the Guardian, killing its members, including the Pirate Hook and preventing the Guardian from entering the world in 362 AD. The Avatar also met the Cyclops Iskander Ironheart, the Cyclops race prospering underground. Batlin, a conspirator of the Guardian, fled to Serpent Isle, where the Avatar and his companions traveled(*Ultima VII*).

**365 A.D.**

The Avatar expedition to Serpent Isle found that the infighting had caused an imbalance between the three Serpents representing Order and Chaos. Balance is restored at the cost of the Avatar's companion Dupre. The Guardian transported him to the world of Pagan(*Ultima VII: Part Two*).

**386 A.D. or 586 A.D.**

Timed passed differently in Pagan and it is unclear when the Avatar returned, though it is often sited as either 386 AD or 586 AD. In the absence of the Avatar, the Guardian devastated Britannia, including nearly wiping out the Gargoyle population and most of the supernatural creatures of the land. The Avatar used the spell of Armaggedon to destroy the Guardian, but seemingly at the cost of his own life. In reality, the Avatar and the Guardian both survived. The Avatar returned to Earth, depowered and unable to return to Earth 6, the Guardian was now sealed off from Britannia and now faced difficulty attacking Earth. And so the Era of the Avatar came to an end. The World of Britannia seemed destroyed, but as time would show, It would live again. For now the Nation fell into a dark age that resulted in much of its history being lost(*Ultima VIII* and *Ultima IX)*.

Vikings will eventually occupy most of the British Isles, more so than on Earth One and Real Life(which occurred in 865) due to the devastation from the final battle of Britannia as opposed to the Romans pulling out of the country.

**C.400s**

**Tollan, Central America:** The Toltec civilization is at its height. Bartimaeus possibly fights the entity Tlaloc of Tollan around this time(*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**440s**

**Syria:** Hairy ascetics, known as stylites, spend years perched atop pillars as acts of extreme spiritual devotion. To prove their faith they summon djinn to beguile them with temptations. Bartimaeus doesn’t bother with temptations, but tickles them until they fall off (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**475**

**Fall of Rome:** The last Western Emperor, Romulus Augustulus, falls to revolution among the people and barbarian invasion. Bartimaeus apparently hides in the catacombs below Rome during the invasion, but is spotted by two foliots who pass on the news to Faquarl (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**500s**

Bartimaeus spends much of the 6th Century AD in an old sesame-oil jar, corked with wax, bobbing in the Red Sea. Why is not known. An old fisherman rescues him, with sadly fatal results (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

### **Post-Britannia(610-1600)**

**610-641**

**Byzantium:** Reign of the magician-Emperor Heraclius in Constantinople. Bartimaeus is in his employment for a time (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**629**

The Buddhist monk Tang Sanzang sets off on a journey to spread Buddhism in China by travelling to India and bringing back sacred Buddhist texts. He free Sun Wukong, who accompanies him, along with a piglike creature named Zhu Wuneng, and the river spirit Sha Wujing (*Journey to the West,* included as Lilith impersonates Sun Wukong, *Lilith)*

**800**

**Agrabah:** With the reign of the great caliph-magician Haroun al-Rashid, the Arab Empire is at its peak. Agrabah is the greatest city in the world and remains so for more than 100 years. Bartimaeus is employed by splendid Arab magicians in Agrabah and Basra during this period. He witnesses wonders and tragedies, including the love story of Asmoral and Ianna, and performs many feats, such as hunting for Rocs’ eggs, and building palaces on clouds or underwater (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**C.850s**

Around this time Bartimaeus is employed by the formidable magician Zarbustibal of Yemen, who is ‘renowned about the Red Sea for his hook nose and protruding warts’(*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**1000**

**West Greenland:** Lilith appears in this time and is found by an expedition led by Liefr Erikkson. Her target visits the Campsite and Lilith attacks him at night but fails to kill him. His group retreats, Lilith frames the group for stealing Lief's Cross and gives chase. Lilith constructs a modern map and leaves them to North America where they find and kill the target, recovering Liefr Erikkson's cross. Lilith and Erikkson have a romantic relationship that is recorded in history. The Map Lillith made survived into the present but is dismissed as a hoax by modern historian despite carbon dating confirming its authenticity(*Lilith*).

**1173**

**Pisa, Italy:** Construction begins on the Tower of Pisa. Bartimaeus claims to have been consulted about the building work, but his advice isn’t taken(*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**1189**

Minamoto no Yoshitsune along with her wife Princess Katsura-Nomae are executed(Seen in *Lilith* in a play though Ichikawa Danjuro V interrupts the execution, however, he was playing an exaggerated version of himself, who wasn't even born yet. *Lilith*).

Richard I Plantagenet(The line still existing due to being of French origin, though Richard having different parents) occupies portions of the British Isles(There was no William the Conqueror in this universe due to the different circumstances).

**1199**

By this time, the former Britannia has recovered under King Richard Plantagenet, a Frenchman who established a Kingdom there, becoming known as Richard the Lionheart. He then attempts to conquer France to unite both Kingdoms. Richard the Lionheart is hit by a crossbow bolt at the Siege of Chaluz, but survives the wound, the resulting infection, and fever(*Lord Darcy*)(King Richard the Lionheart here is the first Plantagenet King of England due to the Dark Age caused by the Fall of Britannia).

**C.1200**

**North America:** Around this time, Bartimaeus’s contact with northern native Americans begins, and continues off and on for several hundred years. It appears to be one of his happier associations, and he enjoys the freedom of the wilderness. At some point he speaks with Hiawatha, though the date is unknown. He is particularly linked to the Algonquin peoples (to whom he is known as Wakonda) and the Iroquois, and frequently adopts the guise of a sinister Crow-man, to awe the people of the plains (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**1200s –1400s**

**Great Matobo, Southern Africa:** The city of Great Matobo(Zimbabwe) is continuously built between the 11th and 15th Centuries, when it is abandoned. Under the name N’gorso the Mighty, Bartimaeus works here for a time, as does Faquarl. Although many details are obscure, Bartimaeus is certainly present during its decline in the 1450s, when he watches as ‘the stones fell and the jackals fed on its people’. It may be during this period that he fights with ‘clever Tchue of the Kalahari’ (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**1212**

**July 16:** The Moors won the battle of Navas de Tolosa on the Iberian peninsula. Thus Spain was unable to become unified, owing to the survival of an Islamic presence in its territory clashing with its Catholic territory(*Tunnel Through the Deeps*).

**1215**

**June 15:** The last of the French kings, presumably Philip II, is killed by Richard the Lionheart(*Lord Darcy*). The *Magna Carta Libertatum* is signed by Richard the Lionheart(*Twig*) The Angevin Empire is formed(named after Angevin, the region of France from which the Plantagenets come from, uniting large portions of the British Isles and France(*Lord Darcy*).

**1216**

Richard the Lionheart's brother John dies in exile(*Lord Darcy*).

**1219**

Richard the Lionheart dies. His nephew Arthur (son of Geoffrey of Brittany) becomes king at the age of 32(*Lord Darcy*)(Arthur in universe was often confused for the Mythical King Arthur, here however he is the closest equivalent that exists as the Britannia period prevented a true King Arthur from rising).

**12??**

During Arthur's reign, Sir Hilary of Walsingham outlines the theory and mathematics of magic(*Lord Darcy*).

**12??-1415**

After Arthur, A long line of Kings in the Plantagenet line reign over the Angevin Empire, by 1415, there have been five Kings named Henry Plantagenet.

**1227**

**Mongolia:** Death of the warlord, Genghis Khan. Bartimaeus and Faquarl engineer it by putting poison grapes in his tent(While Vandal Savage is Genghis Khan, the magic being used might actually succeed in killing him for good here) (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**1271-1295**

Marco Polo journeyed further into the East, reaching Japan and discovered the nation's large deposit of sakuradite(This timeline's name for the"Philosopher's Stone" due to it later being found in Japan)(*Code Geass)*(Given its rarity, its possible Sakuradite is actually from The world of *Fullmetal Alchemist* and failed to be transported through the Moon Gates when many items were sucked in, as they appear in The British Isles, Japan, and Greece, but Greece had been lost. The other two are confirmed locations for it).

**1357**

**Prague, Holy Roman Empire:** Bartimaeus is involved in the construction of the Stone Bridge over the Vltava River. Lots are drawn as to who will guard it; Bartimaeus’ associate Humphrey loses and is still entombed within (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**14th-15th Century**

**British Isles:** Sakuradite was discovered near Stonehenge. The scarcity of sakuradite impeded the research to turn it into a viable energy source(*Code Geass*)(Why it wasn't found before makes a bit more sense given the Dark Ages The British Isles went through after the fall of Britannia).

C.C. is born(*Code Geass*)(While not confirmed her birth name is suggested to be Yuki Shiroi, which is Snow White in Japanese. This suggests that C.C. is Earth 6's version of Snow White. Her hair being green and her Geass abilities possibly being connected to the Fae due to their stronger presence).

**1398**

**India:** Timur the Cruel sacks Delhi. Nouda the Terrible is involved in the massacres (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**1400s**

**Central America:** Between 1325 and 1520 the Aztec Civilization is at its height. During this time Bartimaeus returns to the region, possibly in his plumed serpent incarnation. He afterwards boasts about being really good at the Aztec ballgame(*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

Henry V Plantagenet(instead of Lancaster as one Earth One) ascends to the throne. He is seen as weak and immature, and this prompts a rebellion in France(The Inclusion of *Megamorphs* means a Henry V and a battle of agincourt must exist even though the circumstances are different).

**1415**

In order to silence Berryman, who is quoting William Shakespeare's *Henry V*, The alien Yeerk Visser Four travels to 1415 in order to kill Henry V during the Battle of Agincourt. The Animorphs agree to chase the Yeerk. They are immediately transported to fifteenth century France. Marco realizes that the lice-ridden and pockmarked humans of the fifteenth century would make it easier to spot Visser Four's host body, and manages to spot the Visser posing as an English archer. However, when attempting to kill Henry V with an arrow, the arrow is intercepted by Tobias, alerting the Visser to the fact that the "Andalite bandits" are chasing him. Marco, Rachel and Cassie are nearly killed in the war among the English and the French, but are saved by Tobias and Jake, with Tobias in Hork-Bajir morph and Jake having acquired and morphed one of the French war horses. Ax chases the fleeing Visser through the air in his northern harrier morph but is forced to demorph, igniting the wrath of pitchfork-wielding citizens. Tobias and Jake come to his rescue, with Tobias and Ax storming into the church where the Visser has fled. Tobias chases him to the bell tower, where he has hidden the Time Matrix, but the former Visser Four escapes, fleeing to the Delmarva crossing in Trenton, New Guersey(*Megamorphs #3: Elfangor's Secret)*(The inclusion of this event requires a Henry V to still exist).

King Henry V is removed from power and replaced by King Harold I, who quells the rebellion in France. He then continues to expand the territory. The William Shakespeare play will paint Henry V as a tragic hero as a result of this different history.

**1420**

Harold I makes the last addition to the Angevin Empire in Europe*(Lord Darcy)*.

**1420-1550s**

During this time many Plantagenet Kings rule, including 3 Kings named Henry before reaching Queen Gloriana I(who survives due to being born of a union of the Faeries).

**1480 - 1540s**

**Germany:** The magician Johann Faustus is active. Bartimaeus serves him at some point(*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**1497**

Due to being not unified, Spain could not finance the expedition of Christopher Columbus in 1492. Instead, it was Englishman John Cabot who discovered America, just a few years later(*Tunnel Through the Depths*).

Beginning of the Cabotian Exchange(*Twig*)(Originally the Columbian exchange but for the above alteration),

Years of plague in the new world nearly wipes out all indigenous populations, millions die, Causing population explosion in numerous prey species including passenger pigeons and buffalo. Temperature drops due to population die off in the new world, arguably first instance of germ warfare(*Twig*)(More would have perished were it not for Bartimaeus saving as many as he could).

**1500s**

In these years, Bartimaeus visits Sheba for the last time(*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**1560s**

**Prague:** Bartimaeus builds the walls of Prague using the services of imps and foliots (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**1564**

Andries van Wesel dies(*Twig*).

**1569**

Anglo-French ships reach Mechicoe(Mexico) (*Lord Darcy*).

**1580s**

**Prague:** Under the Emperor Rudolf II, Prague is at the height of its power. Bartimaeus becomes the servant of the magician Tycho Brahe, who loses his nose in a duel. Bart fashions a new one out of gold, and wins his friendship (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**1584**

Takezo Miyamoto kills a man at age 13(*Lilith*, and real history).

### **Rise of the Toyotomi Shogunate(1600-1726)**

**C.1600**

Bartimaeus witnesses the activities of the first golem, created by the great magician Loew to defend the Jewish ghetto in Prague (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**August 23-September 30:** Some time between these dates, Takezo Miyamoto takes part in the defense of Gifu castle(*Lilith*).

**August 27-September 8:** Sometime between these dates Takezo Miyamoto takes battle in the Siege of Fushimi(*Lilith*).

**Japan, Province of Mino, October 20:** Takezo Miyamoto finds a recently arrived in this time Lilith, who falls unconscious after saving him from an attack. He brings her to a temple run by the Monk Benkei. Miyamoto instended to head to the Battle of Sekihagara to fight on the side of Toyotomi Nakamura(Toyotomi Hideyoshi) and under Ishido(Ishida Mitsunari) for the right of Toyotomi Yaemon(Toyotomi Hideyori)the son of Toyotomi Hideyoshi to rule. Lilith awakens and finds the miriapode but Takezo Miyamoto mistakes the creature latching onto her for an attack and kills it. She learns the target is Kobayakawa Hideaki. She meets and allies with Takezo Miyamoto, who she indirectly gives the name of Miyamoto Musashi(*Lilith*).

**October 21:** The Battle of Sekigahara begins, Lilith sets off a distraction by blowing up the camp of Yoshi Torunaga, killing him, which brings Kobayakawa Hideaki towards where Toyotomi is. Lilith is attacked by Thistles but Takezo Miyamoto kills Hideaki. Lilith falls into a coma. The Shrine of the uncorrupted Maiden is built around her in Mino. Having injured his sword hand and motivated by his love for Lilith, Miyamoto Musashi becomes a monk known for his arts as a painter, sculptor, calligrapher, writer and poet (*Lilith*).

The Kampaku Government unifies the country. They outlaw any travel by wheels or horseback to better keep track of its subjects. They also shun Christianity as it conflicts with their philosophies. They began expansion largely due to the number of restless Samurai in the country, creating colonies, leading to the "Seifuku Jidai" or "Period of Conquest". They occupied Hun Chiu and the Islands of Formosa, but could not expand anymore due to the western presence elsewhere(*Lilith*).

**1600-1800**

**North America:** Bartimaeus is regularly summoned by the Native American shamans during this period(*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*)(This is largely to ensure their protection from both colonists and disease).

**17th Century**

Queen Gloriana I Plantagenet, who remained single throughout her life, bore a son, Henry IX. The potential fathers — Sir Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester; Sir Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex; and Sir Carl, Duke of Britannia — gained influence and power with this knowledge(*Code Geass*)(Sir Carl boasts of his heroic lineage to the lost Lord British. Queen Gloriana I is not a Tudor here due to the Plantagenet line surviving though she possesses Fairie heritage).

**1603**

Henry IX Plantagenet ascended to the throne after the death of his mother in 1603 a.t.b.(*Code Geass*) ( unlike Earth One, she was not assassinated by Prince Ludwig as he did not have the support of a unified Spain), starting the New Golden Age of the Tudor Dynasty

**1610**

Henry IX of the Angevin Empire survives an assassination attempt, and allows English inventor William Lee's knitting machine to spur an early industrial revolution in France(*Shadows of Doubt*)(In the source material the assassination was against Henry IV of France and his survival as the POD from our world).

**1615**

Toyotomi Yaemon comes of age as Shogun. He dissolved the board of regents and moved the Capitol to Osaka, where his father Toyotomi Nakamura built his castle. Japan gains two capitols: Kyoto, where the Emperor resides, and Osaka where the Kampaku resides(*Lilith*).

**1625**

Japan gains a colony in the West Coast of America called "Kyokuto No Kuni" or "Country of the Far East". The ship provided largely by Dutch traders and originally heading to Mechicoe(Mexico), lands in what would have become San Francisco, which they call Kiri-Wan or "Bay of the fog". The First outpost is made after the discovery of Gold in the Sierra Nevada and Alta California. The outpost later takes the name of Tokyo, the Eastern Capitol (*Lilith*). Atrocities against the natives are largely prevented by Bartimaeus. This leads Japan to instead make efforts to treat the natives peacefully and treat Bartimaeus as a noble spirit and protector.

**1638**

Lilith arrives, searching for the Triacanto on the Island of Hispaniola. She began searching for the Jewel of Orange, Ship of Pirate Captain Klaas Mansveldt. Mansveldt is the host and she learns he was captured and is to be hanged at Porto Bello. She leads the crew in attacking it to get to Mansveldt, setting off several gunpowder barrels and sacking it(30 years before Henry Morgan historically did so in 1668). She finds Mansveldt but he is accidentally killed and the Triacanto disappears(*Lilith*).

**1650**

Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate overthrow the royal family, forcing many members to flee(*Torch of the Protectorate*) to France where they prepare to retake the British Isles.

**1658**

**September 3rd:** Oliver Cromwell survives illness as the physician that treated him secretly had a magical healing knack(a Mutant ability) (Cromwell considered such knacks evil witchcraft)(*The Tales of Alvin Maker*). This date is becomes a significant day second only to the birth of Christ himself(*Batman: Holy Terror*).

**1668**

Oliver Cromwell dies(*Batman: Holy Terror*). His name will become as great as those of Julius Caesar and Napoleon(*Torch of the Protectorate*). Facing decline, the Protectorate agrees to negotiate for the return of the king.

**1673-1675**

Sometime during this point, Yoshizawa Ayame I is born. He will become known in Japan for his portrayal of female roles, even living as a woman outside of the theater(Real History but mentioned in *Lilith*).

**1686**

Nicolas Steno dies(*Twig*).

**1688**

The First Glorious Revolution, in which the unpopular Catholic King James II Plantagenet is ejected from the UK and replaced with William of Orange and his wife Mary, James' daughter.

On the other side of the world, pretty much the same thing happens in Ayutthaya, as King Narai (seen as an Angevin puppet) is overthrown and trade with Europeans - except the Dutch through the port of Mergui - is banned(based on real life but mentioned In *Look to the West,* altered to fit into this Earth, namely with the Angevin Empire).

**1689**

William and Mary crowned as co-monarchs with the assent of Parliament. Parliament passes “An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown”, which sets down the British Bill of Rights and forms the basis of the British Constitution. Among other things, the Constitution severely limits the rights of Catholics, forbidding them the throne, the vote and public office(thanks to the influence of Oliver Cromwell's Puritans, who wished to outlaw Catholic practices) (based on real life but mentioned In *Look to the West*).

**1689-1691**

The Williamite War, which results in the French and James II being ejected from Ireland and the British isles, and the country as well as the Isles are brought under effective British control. This brings an end to the Angevin Empire as King James comes to reside as King of France while William rules as King of the British Isles. The siege of Limerick ends the war, with the 'Flight of the Wild Geese' as many Irish nobles flee to Spain or France. The Treaty of Limerick guarantees Catholic rights, but is rejected by the Protestant-dominated Irish Parliament and Anti-Catholic laws are implemented, to much resentment among the Irish populace(based on real life but mentioned In *Look to the West*).

The New World Provinces of Lemoyne(Louisiana) and Canada offer to secede from the Angevin Empire and join the French.

**1694**

Death of Queen Mary. All English judges wear black in mourning - and never stop. William rules as sole monarch(based on real life but mentioned In *Look to the West*).

    **1700**

By This point, Japan has a small colony in California, but aside from this North America colonies are fairly close to what they were at this time on Earth One. The Iberian country of Maestrazgo controls Mecheco(Mexico) as Nuova Maestrago, while the other Iberian country of Granada controls Columbiana( Florida), and Andes Mallorca(Columbia) which are named Nuova Granada or New Granada, The UK controls the 13 colonies of Earth One(evidence of History "pushing to keep things on track as mentioned in *Lilith*, and parts of Central America, Japan controls California growing into the midwest(Kyokuto). the recently liberated France controls Lemoyne(Louisiana) and Canada, which are named Nuova Francia or New France).

**1700s**

King James I of France turns down the offer of an Italian chemist to develop to first bacteriological weapon, the chemist is granted a pension for his silence(*Twig*)(in the source material Louis XIV was the King, the inclusion of the altered *Look to the West* mixed with the joint Angevin Empire changes this).

**1701**

King James I of France dies. He is succeeded by his son Louis VIII Plantagenet.

In Britain, By the Act of Settlement, Parliament makes the heir to the throne the childless Anne Electress Sophia of Hanover, although she dies before Queen Anne and so her son becomes the heir destined to be George I (real life but mentioned In *Look to the West*).

**1701-1714**

The War of the Maestrazgo(Spanish) Succession, aka Queen Anne's War and the First War of Supremacy. England/Great Britain, the Netherlands, Osterlich(Austria), Denmark, Neutralia(Portugal), Savoy and the Aragonese **vs.** France, Bavaria, Zubrowkan(Hungarian) rebels and the Castilians. The war is indecisive, with post-Bombhurst(Hapsburg) Maestrazgo(Spain) being unified and receiving a Bourbon monarch but not entering personal union with France as Louis VIII(XIV in the source material) had hoped. Territorial changes include: Britain receives Gibraltar and Minorca from Maestrazgo(Spain); Osterlich(Austria) receives Naples, Sardinia, Milan and the Maeztrazgo(Spanish) Netherlands (the future Flanders); Savoy receives Sicily; British colonies in North America receive French Acadia and France gives up claim to Newfoundland and Rupert's Land(based on real life but mentioned In *Look to the West*).

**1702**

Death of William I of England after his horse stumbled over a molehill and he broke his collarbone, which became infected. Jacobites will ever after raise their glasses to 'the little gentleman in black velvet'. James I's second daughter Anne becomes Queen Regent. End of the personal union between England, Scotland and Ireland and the Dutch Republic, as Willem Friso (no close relation to William III) becomes claimant Stadtholder William IV of the Netherlands. However not all the Dutch provinces recognise this, and so the Netherlands is Stadtholderless until 1747(based on real life but mentioned In *Look to the West*).

**1707**

The Act of Union is passed, which unifies England and Scotland as the Kingdom of Great Britain. The Act abolishes the Scottish Parliament and Scottish Royal Navy, and amalgamates them into their English counterparts.

Birth of Carolus Linnaeus in Sweden (real life but mentioned In *Look to the West*).

**1709**

Attempted Jacobite rebellion under claimant James III Stuart(illegitimate son of exiled King James II) is defeated by Sir George Byng. Future rebellions will instead be managed by James' son Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie) (real life but mentioned In *Look to the West*).

**1713**

Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria, has no male heir. He issues a Pragmatic Sanction recognizing his daughter, Maria Theresa, as heir, and makes all the powers of Europe agree to it. However, it will transpire that quite a lot of them had their fingers crossed behind their backs (real life but mentioned In *Look to the West*).

**1714**

Death of Queen Anne; George I, Elector of Hanover, becomes King of Great Britain and of Ireland. As he does not speak English, Parliament gains more real power during his reign.

In Virginia, the “First Wave of Germanna”, as German Protestant religious refugees from the Rhineland and the Palatinate settle there (real life but mentioned In *Look to the West*).

**1715**

Death of Louis VIII(in real life Louis XIV); his great-grandson Louis, one of the few to survive a series of deaths in the French royal family in the late 17th century, becomes King Louis IX(in real life it was Louis XV) at the age of five, with Philippe, Duc d'Orléans as regent. A Jacobite Rebellion in Scotland, led by the Earl of Mar, is crushed by Marshal Wade. More minor outbreaks in Cornwall and Northern England are also subdued (based on real life but mentioned In *Look to the West*).

**1717**

“Second Wave of Germanna” as more German refugees settle in Virginia (real life but mentioned In *Look to the West*).

**1718**

Pirates Blackbeard and Bartholomew "Black Bart" Roberts are killed(Mentioned in *Lilith* as having recently died. In Black Bart's case, it's much earlier as he died in 1722, while other events place the events the year Blackbeard died).

Lillith appears in this time and joins a Pirate Crew, finding the Triacanto in a British man named Wingfield. She tracks him down and kills him but the brutality of the kill turns the crew on her and she leaves after suggesting the crew go to Genosha(Madagascar), where Pirate Captain Henry Avery is said to have gone. They decide to head there(*Lilith*).

The Puckle Gun, an early cyclogun predecessor, is invented by James Puckle. Though technically impressive the technology is not viable at the time, though it will be cited as the beginnings of such weapons(real life but mentioned In *Look to the West*).

**1720**

The South Sea Bubble. Excessive speculation in the South Sea Company causes an economic meltdown in the City of London. Parliament holds an inquiry and several prominent members of the current Whig government are forced to step down, leaving most of the power in the hands of Robert Walpole, the Paymaster of the Forces (real life but mentioned In *Look to the West*).

**1721**

Robert Walpole becomes the first Prime Minister of Britain, i.e. the first minister to dominate a government, although the term Prime Minister is considered vulgar and derisive for years afterward. His official titles are First Lord of the Treasury, Chancellor of the Exchequer and Leader of the House of Commons, all united in one (real life but mentioned In *Look to the West*).

**1722**:

Williamsburgh, Virginia, becomes the first city in Britain's North American colonies as it receives a royal charter (real life but mentioned In *Look to the West*).

### **The Exile(1727-1749)**

**1727**

**March 31:** Isaac Newton dies(*Twig*).

Death of King George I of Great Britain. His son becomes George II of Great Britain. Much like his father, he does not get on with his eldest son, Frederick. At George's coronation, the King stumbles and falls and Frederick laughs at his father's public humiliation. This caps a series of violent disagreements from the two, with the result that George II disinherits Frederick, making his younger brother William the Prince of Wales, and sends him into exile to the North American colonies, giving him the sinecure of Lord Deputy of the Colonies. In Virginia (which has not yet heard the news of Frederick's fall from grace), the new town of Fredericksburg, named in his honour, begins construction(*Look to the West*, was the POD in the original).

**1728**

Prince Frederick arives in Virginia (the “Third Wave of Germanna”). He decides to settle in the town named in his honour (Fredericksburg), at the quite modest house later known as Little St. James' (*Look to the West*).

**1729**

Treaty of Seville forbids British ships from trading with Maestrazgo(Spanish) colonies in the Americas - it is very often violated. Spanish ships commonly stop British ones for inspection(*Look to the West*).

Japanese performer Yoshizawa Ayame I dies (Real History but mentioned in *Lilith*).

**1730**

Virginian House of Burgesses passes the Tobacco Inspection Act, which improves the quality of Virginian tobacco overall and places it in high demand in Europe. The scheme is the brainchild of William Gooch, the Royal Lieutenant-Governor (and de facto governor) of Virginia. Prince Frederick, a political ally of Gooch, invests heavily in tobacco plantations and uses the profits to build his still quite meagre funds.

With the assistance of British envoys, the Cherokee people of America politically unify under the leadership of the Chief of Tellico, who becomes Emperor Moytoy II(*Look to the West*).

**1731**

A particularly brutal inspection by the Maestrazgo of a British ship in the Caribbean; the British captain, William Jenkins, has his ear cut off (*Look to the West*).

**1732**

A scandal almost breaks as Prince Frederick is found to have made Mildred Gregory (twice-widowed sister of the Virginian planter Augustine Washington) pregnant. It would ruin his chances of regaining the kingship if news broke out, so Frederick reluctantly agrees to marry her, and to restore the Washingtons' lost lands and titles in England if he becomes King, in order to keep Augustine quiet. The son will go on to become King George III.

In Sweden, Carolus Linnaeus travels to Lapland for his study of the local flora and fauna.

In Britain, the future Lord North is born. Due to Prince Frederick's disgrace, he is named William rather than Frederick as in OTL, becoming Lord William North(*Look to the West*).

**1733**

Prince George Augustine of Cornwall, the future George III, is born. He is nicknamed George FitzFrederick by Williamites who do not recognise his father's marriage as legitimate.

In China, Hongli the Prince Bao, tipped to succeed his father the Yongzheng Emperor, dies when he drowns in a river (*Look to the West*).

**1733-1738**

The First War of the Arztozkan(Polish) Succession. France, Maestrazgo(Spain) and Savoy **vs.** Russia, Austria and Saxony over whether the elected King of Arztozka-Baltish((Poland-Lithuania) should be Stanisław Leszczyński or Frederick Augustus II, Elector of Saxony (respectively). George II of Britain wants to enter the war, but Walpole refuses, and the infuriated King is only able to assist Osterlich(Austria) via his position of Elector of Hanover. Walpole recovers some popularity in Britain thanks to his decision to stay out of the war. Although the French-led side wins, the Saxon becomes King Augustus III of Arztozka(Poland) at the compromise peace settlement. Osterlich(Austria) receives Tuscany and Palma but transfers Naples and Sicily to Don Carlos, the former Duke of Parma and future King Charles III of Maestrazgo(Spain). This is the beginning of the end for the Arztozkan-Baltish(Polish-Lithuanian) Commonwealth, which decays under Augustus III's indifferent rule(*Look to the West*).

**1734**

Frederick tours the American colonies, while Mildred remains behind and gives birth to Princess Mildred, the future Queen of Denmark. He forms a political alliance with the Lieutenant-Governor of Keystone(Pennsylvania), Patrick Gordon, and then becomes involved in Metropolis(New York) politics, backing the “Morrisite” opposition party against the tyrannical Lieutenant-Governor William Cosby, a fierce Georgian loyalist. He also visits New England and writes about the questionable loyalties of the French-descended people in British Nova Scotia. In Britain, Robert Walpole's majority is reduced after he attempts to introduce an unpopular customs and excise tax. A new opposition party, the Patriot Boys, is formed. They support Prince Frederick and are led by skilled political orators such as William Pulteney, William Pitt and George Grenville (*Look to the West*).

**1735**

Prince Frederick returns home to Virginia briefly, then tours the Catawbas(Carolinas) before finally returning to Fredericksburg at the end of the year.

Linnaeus publishes his seminal work 'Systema Naturae' in the Netherlands. This is a controversial work, as it argues for a purely empirical system of classification, with no regard for the Great Chain of Being (*Look to the West*).

**1738**

When Robert Jenkins exhibits his pickled ear in a jar in the House of Commons, British outrage is such that even Robert Walpole gives in and declares war on Maestrazgo(Spain) - the War of Jenkins' Ear, which bleeds into the War of the Osterian(Austrian) Succession(*Look to the West*).

**1740-1748**

The War of the Osterian(Austrian) Succession, aka the Second War of Supremacy. After Charles VI of Osterlich's(Austria's) death, the powers of Europe conveniently forget they agreed to the Pragmatic Sanction, and war is declared. Maria Theresa's accession is really just a casus belli, however - in truth the war is mainly about Prussia's desire to take Silesia from Osterlich(Austria). Prussia, France, Maestrazgo(Spain), Bavaria, Naples and Sicily, and Sweden **vs** Osterlich(Austria), Britain, Hanover, the Netherlands, Saxony, Sardinia and Russia. The war sees Maria Theresa appeal for assistance to her Zubrowkan(Hungarian) subjects and receive important levies - a contrast to the Zubrowkan(Hungarian) rebellion against Joseph I in the War of the Maestrazgo(Spanish) Succession - and the powers of Europe astonished by the performance of the Prussian army under Frederick II. The Prussians use powerful new drills and tactics, and deploy an entirely professional army, not using unreliable (but cheaper) mercenaries. This leads to Maria Theresa, and others, copying the Prussians to some extent(*Look to the West*).

**1741**

British general election reduces Robert Walpole's majority, especially in the rotten boroughs.

Admiral Edward Vernon, whose captain of Marines is Major Lawrence Washington (Augustine's elder son), is embarrassingly defeated in an attempted descent on the Spanish city of Cartagena-des-Indes in New Granada. This overshadows his earlier victory over the Spanish at Porto Bello in Darien.

Frederick II of Prussia wins an important victory at Mollwitz, bringing France and Sweden into the war on his side.

Governor George Clarke of Metropolis(New York) puts down a slave revolt. He is the ancestor of future Supremacist Party leader Matthew Clarke (*Look to the West*).

**1742**

Robert Walpole, his government having lost numerous constituencies in the 1741 General Election, resigns as Prime Minister and accepts a seat in the House of Lords as 1st Earl of Orford. He is succeeded by Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington, but real power rests with the Secretary of State for the Northern Department, John Carteret.

Admiral Vernon takes Guantanamo from Maestrazgo(Spain), but is eventually repulsed by Tropican(Cuban) irregulars.

The Battle of Bloody Fields sees the repulsion of a Maestrazgo(Spanish) attack on Georgia by the local militias. However, Georgian/Catawban(Carolinian) attempts to take Maestrazgoan Columbiana(Spanish Florida) are equally inconclusive.

A poorly coordinated Franco-Saxon-Bavarian army under Marshal de Broglie manages to take most of Bohemia from Osterlich(Austria).

Heinrich Mühlenberg immigrates to America from the Germanies, founding a political dynasty and the Lutheran Church in America. He anglicises his name to 'Henry Mullenburgh'(*Look to the West*).

**1743**

Sweden knocked out of the war by Russia, which annexes parts of Cimmeria(Finland); however Russia also leaves the war soon afterwards. Osterlich(Austria), backed by Zubrowkan(Hungarian) levies, ejects the French and their allies from Bohemia. Britain enters the European war, blockading the Neapolitan fleet in port, while King George II goes to Hanover and raises an army, which he leads into battle personally (though his son William, Prince of Wales and Duke of Cumberland, acts as general).

The Anglo-Hanoverians meet the French, led by the Duc de Noailles, at Dettingen. Despite Noailles' superior generalship, George's forces win the battle, but George himself is killed.

Wilmington dies and is replaced by Henry Pelham as Prime Minister. Pelham shares power with his brother Thomas, the Duke of Newcastle.

Death of Crown Prince Frederick of Denmark in a riding accident, thus making his younger brother Christian the heir apparent to King Christian VI(*Look to the West*).

**1744**

In Qumar(Oman), patriotic forces drive the Persians from the country and it becomes fully independent under the elected Imam Ahmed ibn Sayyid as-Sayyid. In TTL there is no Qais branch of the family and he is peacefully succeeded by his son Sayyid in time: Qumar( Oman) remains united.

Platinum is discovered in New Granada by Antonio de Ulloa y de Torre-Girault and Jorge Juan (*Look to the West*).

**1745**

Prince William, now William II, is defeated by Marshal Saxe at Fontenoy(*Look to the West,* though there he returns to Britain to defeat Bonnie Prince Charlie, but with Charlie leading the French here, he is unable to).

French Jacobite forces successfully occupy England and Bonnie Prince Charlies AKA Charles Edward Stuart is crowned King Charles I(rather than King Charles III as in the source material, reuniting the Anglo-French Empire(*Shadows of Doubt*).

In North America, New England forces, including Prince Frederick, take the fortress of Louisbourg from France.

Death of King Christian VI of Denmark; his second son succeeds him as Christian VII, and enacts a radical reform programme. Christian VII reverses his father's introduction of adscription (essentially serfdom), restores the Danish Diet to play off the commoners against the nobility, and sells off Denmark's overseas colonies to finance a new military buildup in the Baltic.

Dutch inventor Pieter van Musschenbroek invents the Leyden Jar, the first primitive means for storing electric charge(*Look to the West*).

**1746**

French forces in India under La Bourdonnais take Madras from the British East India Company(*Look to the West*).

**1747**

French invasion of Osterian(Austrian) Netherlands leads to internal dissent in the Dutch Republic. A new settlement is established whereby the stadtholder of the provinces of Friesland and Gronigen becomes Stadtholder William IV, ending the stadtholderless period, and the office is also made hereditary, paving the way for a shift from oligarchic republic to monarchy.

British general election returns a shaky majority for the Pelhamites in the 10th Parliament of Great Britain.

In India, Dupleix attacks British-held Cuddalore, but is repulsed by an army under the British-allied Nawab of the Carnatic, Anwarooddin Mohammed Khan(*Look to the West*).

**1748**

The Treaty of Aix-la-Chappelle ends the war. Maria Theresa remains Holy Roman Empress, but Osterlich(Austria) loses Silesia to Prussia and various territories in Italy to Parma and Sardinia. France returns the Osterlian(Austrian) Netherlands to Osterlich(Austria), a highly unpopular move among the French people. King Charles II of Britain agrees to return Louisbourg to France in return for Madras. However, this is equally unpopular with the Americans. Prince Frederick seizes his chance and, backed by American supporters who sign a Declaration of Right, claims the throne. The War of the British Succession begins

Maestrazgo(Spain) and Neutralia(Portugal) enter negotiations aimed at refining the outdated zones of control in the Americas defined by the old Treaty of Torsedillas(Look to West(*Look to the West*).

**1749**

**January:** Hearing of Frederick's claim, Charles I invokes the Treason Act 1702 and imprisons some of Frederick's most prominent Patriot supporters. This clumsy response makes Charles less popular with the English people in general.

**April:** A Jacobite fleet, under the command of Admiral John Byng, sets sail for America.

Bonnie Prince Charlie leads a Jacobite fleet to Limerick in Ireland and stirs up sentiment against the absentee William. A battle takes place among supporters that includes a minor rising in Scotland led by Lord Cosmo Gordon, which is rapidly crushed. Ireland, however, rages on.

**August:** cunning plan by Frederick leads to William being assassinated at range on the deck of Byng's flagship by American riflemen during negotiations. Frederick smooths things over and the war fizzles out. Byng's fleet winters in America, having turned to Frederick.

In India, Dupleix supports Chanda Sahib in his attempt to overthrow Anwarooddin Mohammed Khan, the Nawab of the Carnatic (and latterly his son Mohammed Ali)(*Look to the West*).

### **King Frederick(1750-1760)**

**1750**

**March:** Byng's fleet, with Frederick and American troops, sets sail for the British Isles.

**May:** Death of King John V of Neutralia(Portugal). His son becomes King Joseph I of Neutralia(Portugal). He takes an interest in the stalled colonial negotiations with Maestrazgo(Spain), and real progress begins to be made.

**June:** Frederick, after hearing about the Irish rising, diverts the fleet to Cork and lands there, seizing towns from Jacobite forces, though Lawrence Washington initially fails to take Limerick.

**July:** Maestrazgo(Spain) and Neutralia(Portugal) sign the Treaty of Madrid, setting down new colonial borders in the Americas based on the 46th meridian. The key provision is that Neutralia(Portugal) will exchange Sacramento for the Maestrazgoan(Spanish) Jesuit 'Seven Missions'.

**September:** Battle of Kilkenny. Frederick's forces win the day. Charles Edward Stuart dead, no serious Jacobite claimants left after James Francis Edward Stuart's death. End of Jacobitism in the British Isles.

**November:** Triumphal entry of Frederick and American forces into London. Frederick marches into Parliament and dissolves it. Calls a general election, set for February.

**December:** Frederick's coronation. For the first time this form of the royal title is used… *Frederick the First, by the Grace of God King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, **Emperor of North America**, Defender of the Faith, etc.*

**1751**

**February:** British general election vanquishes the Pelhamite Whigs and returns a handy majority for the Patriots. William Pulteney becomes Prime Minister; William Pitt Secretary of State for the Southern Department; George Grenville for the Northern Department. 11th Parliament passes important acts such as the Act of Suppression (building roads in Scotland and Ireland to help put down further revolts), the Act of Succession (confirming Frederick as King but recognising William as William II and controversially Charles I) and the Colonial Act, establishing the Empire of North America and some early institutions.

Peerages awarded to American supporters of Frederick, including Lawrence Washington becoming Marquess of Fredericksburg.

European powers reluctantly recognise Frederick's government. Frederick cancels William's signature on the Treaty of Aix-la-Chappelle. France keeps Madras in protest, and many British soldiers die from tropical disease and neglect while in French captivity in Madras, including the unknown (in TTL) Robert Clive.

The proxy war continues in the Carnatic. Britain fails to take Arcot, and Chanda Sahib wins the civil war, becoming the new Nawab of the Carnatic. Henceforth French influence in the region is paramount and Britain rarely exerts much influence south of the Circars(*Look to the West*).

**1753**

King Frederick of Great Britain makes his first and only visit to Hanover.

Alarmed by French attempts to form alliances with the Indians of the Ohio Country, Iroquois leader King Hendrick approaches the Governor of Metropolis(New York), the Duke of Portland, for more Anglo-American assistance in repulsing French influence. Portland agrees and the Anglo-Iroquois alliance is cemented further.

The French build forts in Virginian-claimed Vandalia, at Fort Presque Isle and Fort Duquesne. Governor Dinwiddie of Virginia, after meeting with Portland and the Lord Deputy, sends troops to eject the French from the Ohio Country(*Look to the West*).

**1754**

Lawrence Washington, despite his new lands, titles and House of Lords seat in Britain, chooses to return to America. This will set a precedent for later American nobles. The young George Washington remains in Britain and is tutored alongside George, Prince of Wales by Richard Saunders. This was arranged by time travelers, a colossal war is raging across countless alternate timelines, between a progressive timeline originating from a surviving Periclean Athens and an extremely oppressive slave society resulting from a Carthaginian victory over Rome. The Athenians sent an agent to the 18th century who creates a new timeline by getting Richard Saunders appointed as the tutor of the young King George III, resulting in making him a Liberal King, sympathetic to the aspirations of the North American colonists(*Washington's Dirigibles*).

Dinwiddie's Virginian militiamen fail to take the French forts at Presque Isle and Duquesne. Because of this, the Virginian House of Burgesses passes reforms to improve the standard of militia military training, despite the ever-persistent Anglic fear of a standing army.

The Pulteney government in Britain signs a treaty with Prussia, known as '*Les Deux Frédérics*' in France. This essentially amounts to the British abandoning their commitment to help Osterlich(Austria) if Prussia attacks Silesia, in exchange for the Prussians agreeing to defend Hanover in the event of another German war. Osterlich(Austria) and Britain have drifted apart since disagreements over accepting the Treaty of Aix-la-Chappelle.

Carolus Linnaeus visits London and meets the young Joseph Priestley, who persuades him to publish his controversial theories about human evolution.

In South America, the Seven Jesuit Missions agree to move from the now Neutralese(Portuguese) territory, but their Guarani Indian friends object. A short war between combined Neutralese(Portuguese) and Maestrazgo(Spanish) forces and the Guaranis, which results in the defeat of the Guaranis but causes bad blood between the Nuetralese(Portuguese) and Maestrazgo(Spanish).

In China, the Yongzheng Emperor dies and is succeeded by his son Hongshi the Prince Zhong, who becomes the Daguo Emperor. Daguo's reign is marked for a programme of building defensive fortifications, 'the Second Great Wall', against the Dzungars, and for the invasion of Burma.

In the Holy Roman Empire, the *Konventionsthaler* (Convention Dollar) is created, a standard based on the Osterian(Austrian) dollar to which most of the currencies of the other German states are pegged to(*Look to the West*).

**1755**

**July:** Corsican rebels finally eject the Genoese from the island, declaring an independent Republic (technically a kingdom, but with the throne occupied symbolically by the Virgin Mary).

**November:** The Great Lisbon Earthquake wreaks havoc in Neutralia(Portugal), and indeed across Europe, but is particularly devastating in the city for which it is named. Countless buildings destroyed and people made homeless. José de Carvalho e Melo, the Chief Minister, organises the recovery effort.

**1756-1759**

The Third War of Supremacy, also known as the War of the Diplomatic Revolution. Britain, Prussia, Ireland, Hanover, Brunswick, Hesse-Kassell and the Empire of North America **vs.** France, Russia, Osterlich(Austria), Sweden, Naples and Sicily, and Sardinia. Eventual defeat for the British coalition in Europe with the dismemberment of Prussia, though Prussian army tactics continue to educate the world. Total British victory in North America. Minor French victory in India.

**1756**

**May:** the British East India Company in Bengal has built up a huge army with which to try and retake the lost cities from the French in the Carnatic. However, this army's existence has made their ally, Siraj-Ud-Daulah the Nawab of Bengal, nervous…

**July:** In India, Helmajistan(Afghan) leader Ahmad Shah Abdali conquers Delhi and marries his younger son Nadir to the daughter of his puppet Mughal Emperor Alamgir II.

**August:** Osterlich(Austria) signs a formal alliance with France at Versailles - the 'Diplomatic Revolution', ending a century of Franco-Osterian(Austrian) enmity. In response, Britain declares war on France and Prussia invades Saxony. Start of the Third War of Supremacy.

**October:** After a lightning campaign by King Frederick II of Prussia, Saxony surrenders to the Prussians.

**November:** Pulteney announces a Cabinet reshuffle. George Grenville becomes Chancellor the Exchequer and Henry Fox takes over as Secretary of State for the Northern Department. Frederick II of Prussia, having secured Saxony, launches an invasion of Bohemia.

**December:** death of Queen Mildred of Great Britain. King Frederick sinks into a depression from which he will never quite recover(*Look to the West*).

**1757**

**February:** Prince George of Wales disappears. Secretly takes up a commission in America under the name Ralph Robinson, fighting alongside George Washington. French and allied Huron and Algonquin forces under Montcalm invade Metropolis(New York). After failing to be reinforced, the American Fort Frederick William surrenders to the French. However, the Algonquins, having different definitions of the rules of war, then perpetrate a looting and massacre on the British and American forces. This outrage increases the resolve of the American people to win the war, and more regiments and militias are raised.

**May:** Frederick II of Prussia retreats from Prague after an indecisive engagement with Austrian forces, deciding he does not have the troop numbers to hold the city.

French naval forces in the Mediterranean defeat British Admiral Edward Boscawen and take Minorca, which is later returned to Maestrazgo(Spain). Boscawen escapes court-martial but is effectively exiled to a West Indian command.

**June:** Siraj-Ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal, betrays his British allies and takes Fort William at Calcutta in a surprise attack. British East India Company officers are trapped in the 'Black Hole of Calcutta', a tiny prison in which many die. Outrage among the Company and at home leads to an all-out attack on the Nawab's forces with the Company's new army, with the result that it is not deployed against the French.

**September:** Britain attempts a descent on the Isle d'Aix, as part of a strategy of tying up French troops with temporary landings on the French coast. The operation is an embarrassing and expensive failure, as shallow waters make it impossible to reinforce the British troops. Pitt refuses to authorise any more such operations. The French East India Company takes Fort St David at Cuddalore, decisively ending British power in the Carnatic.

**November:** Frederick II of Prussia wins a brilliant victory against a numerically superior Austro-French army at the Battle of Rossbach.

**December:** The outnumbered Prussians under Frederick II win a second victory against Austria at the Battle of Leuthen(*Look to the West*).

**1758**

**February:** Britain occupies French colonies in Senegal, West Africa.

**June:** Death of William Pulteney. King Frederick asks William Pitt to form a government. Henry Fox becomes Secretary of State for the Southern Department.

**July:** A Russian army under Pyotr Saltykov defeats the Prussians under von Wedel at the Battle of Paltzig. In Neutralia(Portugal), King Joseph I survives an assassination attempt, but the wound will trouble him for the rest of his life.

**August:** In Neutralia(Portugal), a plot by the Távora and Aveiro families against the King is discovered, giving Chief Minister Carvalho an excuse to execute many of their key members and make the rest flee into exile. Their lands are annexed to the Neutralese(Portuguese) crown.

**September:** The British East India Company defeats the Nawab of Bengal's forces in a decisive campaign. The Nawab is killed during the final battle.

**October:** In a battle with Osterlich(Austria) at Hochkirch, the Prussians are defeated and most of their artillery corps fall into enemy hands. The tide of war has begun to turn against King Frederick II(*Look to the West*).

**1759**

The Annus Mirabilis, the Wonderful Year of Victories, in America.

**May:** the British East India Company takes Calcutta. The EIC seizes direct control over Bengal and parcels it out among a half-dozen puppet princes. End of the Nawabate.

**July:** Alaungpaya, Burmese King of Ava of the Konbaung Dynasty, conquers and annexes Pegu.

**August:** Frederick II of Prussia defeated by the Russians and Osterians(Austrians) at Kunersdorf, so decisively that he no longer cares for his own life and goes into battle himself, dying heroically after slaying many enemies.

The Hanoverians, neglected by Britain, are defeated at Minden by the French under the Marquis de Contades. However, the French invasion of Hanover stalls soon afterwards as their supply chains become overextended.

**September:** James Wolfe defeats Montcalm at Quebec, ending French control of Canada. “Ralph Robinson” is wounded and discovered to be Prince George in disguise. The unknown-in-TTL Captain James T. Hook(James Cook) is killed in the battle. Wolfe is wounded but survives and is eventually made military governor of Canada. With the death of Frederick II and the war turning against the Prussians, a newly confident Saxony re-enters the war and attacks Prussia.

**October:** King Frederick I of Great Britain begins to sicken from a lung infection.

**November:** a Prussian army is annihilated by the Osterians(Austrians) under Daun, at Maxen. King Frederick William II of Prussia is a minor, and his uncle Prince Henry is regent. Henry believes the war is lost and sues for peace, knowing it will be harsh(*Look to the West*).

**1760**

**January:** Treaty of Amsterdam, ending the Third War of Supremacy. This dismembers Prussia, returning Silesia to Osterlich(Austria) and giving Cottbus, Liegnitz and the western possessions to Saxony. France fails to receive the Osterian(Austrian) Netherlands, again angering the French people. Britain/America receive the Ohio Country, Senegal and New France/Quebec from France, but the French retain Lemoyne(Louisiana). Britain recognises French control of the Carnatic.

**February:** Death of Frederick I of Great Britain. Rapproachment with his son Prince George, soon to be George III, on his deathbed.

**March:** King Alaungpaya of Ava (in Burma) dies and is succeeded by his son Naungdawgyi. However, the Konbaung dynasty's rule is now disputed by General Myat Htun, who wants to restore the former Toungoo dynasty.

**June:** Treaty of Cedar Shoals between the Cherokee Empire and the Catawban(Carolinian) colonists. This is the official end to the Indian wars of the 1760s, which resulted in the virtual destruction of the Creek and Chickasaw nations, and formally divides their former lands between the Catawbans(Carolinians) and their Cherokee allies(*Look to the West*).

### **Frontier George(1761-1777)**

**1761**

**January:** Third Battle of Panipat in India as Ahmad Shah Abdali's Muslim Helmaji(Afghans) fight the Hindu Maratha Empire. The battle is a crushing victory for the Helmaj(Afghans), with the Marathas shattering into a loose confederacy that then begins a slow decline.

**February:** Seeking to pull France out of her war debts, King Louis X(XV in real life and *Look to the West*) appoints Étienne de Silhouette as Comptroller-General of Finances. Silhouette largely fails in his attempts to tax the rich, but does succeed in ensuring that French East India Company profits largely go into the royal treasury.

**April:** Death of King Ferdinand VI of Maestrazgo(Spain). He is succeeded by his son, who becomes King Charles III. Charles had formerly ruled in Naples and brings with him his chief minister, Bernardo Tanucci - though for the present he reappoints the Marquis of Ensenada as chief minister of Spain.

**November:** In the Viceroyalty of New Maestrazgo(Spain) as known as Mecheco(Mexico), Jacinto Canek leads the Mayans into rebellion. The revolt is swiftly crushed by the Maestrazgo(Spanish), but memories of it persist for a long time(*Look to the West*).

**1762**

**March:** Death of Empress Elizabeth of Russia. She is succeeded by her nephew, who becomes Emperor Peter III.

**April:** Matters in Burma come to a head, as Myat Htun's Toungoo forces besiege Ava. The British East India Company offers assistance to the ruling Konbaung dynasty's King Naungdawgyi in exchange for greater trading privileges. Naungdawgyi accepts.

**1763-1767**

The First Platinean War. Maestrazgo(Spain) fights Neutralia(Portuga)l; Britain enters the war on the Neutralese(Portuguese) side. Little territorial change, but the Maestrazgo(Spanish) failure to defend the Rio de la Plata from an Anglo-American invasion - while the Platineans defeat the Anglo-Americans by besieging them with their own militias and forcing them to retreat - contributes considerably to the growth of nationalism in South America(*Look to the West*).

**1763**

A Maestrazgo(Spanish) invasion of Neutralia(Portugal) fails, partly due to the Neutralese(Portuguese) using scorched earth tactics and burning crops in order to starve the Maestrazgo(Spanish) armies operating in Neutralia(Portugal).

The Konbaung forces in Burma, with BEIC assistance, eject Myat Htun's Toungoo forces from Ava. Myat Htun instead goes north, seeking Chinese help in gaining the throne(*Look to the West*).

**1764**

**March:** British and American troops, including the 51st and 52nd, invade Columbiana(Florida) from what will become the Province of Georgia.

**April:** Lord Fairfax retires as Lord Deputy of North America. He is succeeded by Lord William North, the Earl of Guilford.

**May:** second Maestrazgo(Spanish) invasion of Neutralia(Portugal) begins. This will also be repulsed, this time partly due to a British expeditionary force assisting the Neutralese(Portuguese).

**June:** Many German refugees fleeing religious persecution are settling in Russia, thanks to the Germanophile policies of Emperor Peter III. Among them are a Herr and Frau Kautzman, who settle in the Caucasus near Stavropol.

**August:** Anglo-Neutralese(Portuguese) armies defeat the Maestrazgo(Spanish) at Corunna and conquer Galicia(*Look to the West*).

**1765**

**May:** British expeditionary force under Admiral Marriott Arbuthnot lands in Rio de la Plata.

**June:** Arbuthnot's forces occupy Buenos Aires. In Saxony, Elector Frederick Augustus II, who is also King Augustus III of Arztzoka(Poland), dies. He is succeeded by his son Frederick Christian I in Saxony, but the Arztozkans(Poles) reject him and their szlachta attempt to elect a new king. However, the Sejm is deadlocked.

**July:** Maetrazgo(Spanish) armies in South America conquer the last of the Rio Grand de Sul (OTL Uruguay) from Neutralia(Portugal).

**Augusta:** Anglo-Neutralese(Portuguese) siege of Ciudad Rodrigo begins. In Lorraine, Duke Stanisław Leszczyński dies and his territories revert to the crown of France.

**September:** Maestrazgo(Spanish) break the siege of Ciudad Rodrigo, forcing the British and Neutralese(Portuguese) to retreat.

**October:** Start of the Crisis of 1765. The American national consciousness has grown considerably due to the recent and ongoing wars. The various liberal political clubs in the major American cities, with the help of Lord North, call a new Albany Congress and elect a North Commission, which travels to London in order to petition the British Government for greater self-rule for the Empire of North America. The Committee is led by Richard Saunders(Ben Franklin).

**November:** Birth of Nurul Huq, the future 'Father of Bengal', in a small village near Calcutta.

Antonio de Ulloa y de Torre-Girault, managing the quicksilver mines in Parador(Peru), is scapegoated by the Viceroy and is eventually reassigned to become governor of California(*Look to the West*).

**1766**

**April:** Maestrazgo(Spanish) attempt to retake Galicia from the Neutralese(Portuguese), but after some initial gains are defeated by the British near Santiago de Compostela and are repulsed again.

**June:** Arbuthnot's army in the Plate suffers its first major defeat, a considerable embarrassment to Britain, in a face-up battle with the Platinean militias as the British attempt to take the city of Rosario.

**July:** emboldened Neutralese(Portuguese) and British armies besiege Badajoz. Start of the Arztozkan(Polish) Civil War as the Sejm is unable to agree on a compromise candidate for king from among the Arztozkan(Polish) szlachta itself. In Britain, William Pitt dies, receiving a state funeral (while his heir John Pitt receives staggering debts). King George III asks Charles Watson-Wentworth, the Marquess of Rockingham, to form a new Patriot-Whig government.

**August:** realising Maestrazgo(Spanish) help is not forthcoming, the people of the Plate organise their own militias and begin attacking the British occupation forces, initially only in small groups. At this time, King Charles III of Maestrazgo(Spain) is forced to flee into France due to food riots in Madrid; his troops soon put these down and he is able to return, but has suffered a considerable loss of face.

**September:** even without much support from other Maeztrazgo(Spanish) armies, the fortress city of Badajoz weathers and defeats the Anglo-Neutralese(Portuguese) forces, who retreat to Elvas. In the Plate, the cautious Arbuthnot withdraws most of his troops to Buenos Aires. In Eastern Europe, Frederick William II of Prussia and Peter III of Russia sign a secret treaty aimed at the partition of Arztozka(Poland).

In China, the Daguo Emperor and his ministers agree to help Myat Htun return the Toungoo dynasty to the Avan throne.

**October:** a second Maestrazgo(Spanish) invasion of Galicia wins a narrow, unconvincing victory, dislodging the Neutralese(Portuguese) from most of the province but the Maestrazgo(Spanish) armies being too badly gutted in the process to contemplate further offensive actions. Little movement on the Peninsular Front for the rest of the war.

**November:** the Americans finally succeed in their long siege of San Agustín, the capital and last redoubt of Spanish Columbiana(Florida). With its fall, the whole peninsula is now British/American-occupied. In Eastern Europe, negotiations begin between the Russo-Prussian alliance and Sweden to secure Swedish neutrality in the Arztozkan( Polish )war.

**December:** Buenos Aires besieged by Platinean militiamen(*Look to the West*).

**1767-1771**

The War of the Arztozkan(Polish) Partition. Russia and Prussia fight Osterlich(Austria), with some Arztozkan(Poles) and Baltish(Lithuanians) fighting on both sides as well as a confusion of private armies behind szlachta candidates for kingship. Russo-Prussian victory; the Commonwealth is divided at the Treaty of Stockholm, which gives Ruthenia to Russia, Krakow to Ostlerich(Austria) and Royal Prussia and southern Ducal Prussia to Prussia. The remainder of Arztozka(Poland) is placed in personal union with Prussia, while Baltish(Lithuania) is separated and the Tsarevich of Russia, Paul, is made Grand Duke as Povilas I(*Look to the West*).

**1767**:

**February:** in the Plate, Arbuthnot orders his infamous retreat and abandons Buenos Aires to the Platineans, who raise the Burgundian cross flag in triumph.

**March:** the Treaty of Copenhagen ends the First Platinean War, signed on the 17th. Maestrazgo(Spain) concedes Columbiana(Florida) to the Empire of North America; all other borders status quo ante.

**April:** Osterlich( Austria) enters the Arztozkan(Polish) Civil War, producing a Bombhurst(Hapsburg) candidate and occupying Krakow as a necessary first step to Warsaw.

**May:** Prussia and Russia declare war on Osterlich(Austria). Meanwhile, the Corsican Republic takes the island of Capraia from Genoa, which decides to give up its claim to Corsica and sell it to the French.

**June:** the Maestrazgo(Spanish) chief minister, the Marquess of Ensenada, is exiled in disgrace to South America due to the lost war. He eventually goes to Buenos Aires and helps start up the radical Porteño school of political thought there. He is replaced with Richard Wall, a Hiberno-Spaniard.

**July:** in Russia, the Kautzmans' young son Heinrich is kidnapped in a Cossack raid. He will be raised by Yemelyan Pugachev, the Cossack leader.

**August:** The Hartford Tea Revolt in Connecticut, one of several taxation protests in America's “Troubled Sixties”.

**October:** Parliament of Great Britain debates whether to grant further powers of self-government to the Empire of North America. Patriot-Whigs for; Tories against(*Look to the West*).

**1768**

**March:** In America, the Georgian colonial government apparatus collapses after Savannah is sacked by the Chickasaw Indians. Georgia is reabsorbed into South Catawba(Carolina), which will eventually itself reunify with North Catawba(Carolina).

**May:** The French Army invades Corsica.

**June:** In Burma a Chinese army, coupled with Toungoo-aligned Burmese forces, marches on Konbaung-controlled Ava.

**July:** Pittsburgh Whisky Riots in Keystone(Pennsylvania), part of the tax protests of the “Troubled Sixties”(*Look to the West*).

**1769**

**May:** The Maestrazgo(Spanish) explorer Captain José de Unzaga sails to Japan to propose an and visits Tokyo, also known as the Hidden Gate (San Francisco Bay)(In *Look to the West* he discovered the Bay, but the inclusion of *Lilith* means Japan found it first).

**April:** Death of King Joseph I of Neutralia(Portugal). He is succeeded by his daughter Maria as Queen Maria I, later known as Maria the Mad. She rules as co-monarch with her husband Peter (Pedro) III.

**May:** Queen Maria of Neutralia(Portugal) dismisses the Chief Minister, José de Carvalho e Melo, and replaces him with a stream of incompetent favourites. Carvalho goes into exile in Brazil, eventually moving to Buenos Aires to be with the Porteños.

**June:** The French army concludes the conquest of Corsica, though some Republican holdouts remain under the leadership of Filippo Antonio Pasquale de Paoli. Corsica will, however, be a poisoned apple for Bourbon France, as Corsican republican ideas will spread back to France via the French troops stationed there.

In Tahiti, a British mission led by Captain Henry Anson observes the transit of Venus.

**August:** Carlo Buonaparte, a Corsican Republican leader, flees to Britain with his family. He anglicises his name to Charles Bone and converts to Anglicanism so he may read a law degree at Cambridge.

**September:** The Chinese and Toungoo forces successfully eject the Konbaungs from Ava. King Naungdawgyi is killed in the siege of Ava-town. The Chinese break up Burma in order to better enforce their will: the Toungoo dynasty, in the form of King Mahadammayaza, is restored to a rump Avan state, with Myat Htun as eminence grise. Pegu, Lanna and Ayutthaya (the last two are Thai states) are freed from Avan control and become direct Chinese vassals. One of Naungdawgyi's brothers, Minhkaung Nawrahta, creates an independent state out of his viceroyalty of Tougou and plays off the Chinese against the British.

The King of Ayutthaya, Ekkathat, was killed while fighting in the war and is succeeded by his brother Uthumphon, a monk who gives up that vocation to rule and proves competent.

**November:** Another brother of King Naungdawgyi, Hsinbyushin, takes what remains of the Konbaung forces south and west and invades and occupies Arakan, overthrowing the native rulers. A new state, Konbaung-Arakan, is formed and swiftly becomes an ally of the British(*Look to the West*).

**1770**

**July:** In Japan occupied Hun Chiu, the Accession of King Hyojang takes place. He reverses some of the policies of his predecessor Yeongjo, tolerating the practice of Catholicism and the Silhak Movement, led by Jeong Yak-yong, which combines Neo-Confucianism and Hun Chiun(Corean) nationalism with some Christian ideas(Japanese occupation is a result of *Lilith* though they have allowed the royal family to exist as a figurehead).

**August:** The electric eel is first reported in South America. In Britain, Henry Cavendish is able to duplicate the effects of the eel and the torpedo fish, another electric fish, using Leyden Jars inside a synthetic fish–demonstrating, controversially, that animal and synthetic electricity are the same.

**September:** King Uthumphon of Ayutthaya, taking advantage of political instability in Lanna, successfully unites it with Ayutthaya to form a single Thai state (known either as Ayutthaya or Siam).

Famine of 1770 in Bengal, worsened by the British East India Company's policies such as forcing farmers to grow opium poppies instead of food crops. The young Nurul Huq loses family members to starvation and develops a burning hatred of the British as a result.

**October:** effective end of the War of the Arztozkan(Polish) Partition after defeat of the Osterian(Austrian) Army of Silesia by the Prussians and the retreat to Krakow on the eastern front. It will take months for the politicians to negotiate a treaty, however.

**November:** death of Joseph François Dupleix, Governor-General of the French East India Company. He is succeeded by Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau. This is largely an attempt by Paris, invoking Silhouettiste policies, to place more central royal control over the FEIC - Rochambeau is the King's man(*Look to the West*).

**1771**

**January:** Treaty of Stockholm ends the War of the Arztozkan(Polish) Partition. Osterlich(Austria), Prussia and Russia all annex some territory (Krakow, Royal and southern Ducal Prussia and Ruthenia respectively) while the rump Arztozka(Poland)becomes a kingdom in personal union with Prussia, and the Grand Duchy of Baltish(Lithuania) is placed under the Russian Tsarevich.

**March:** after much wrangling, the North Commission publishes the 'North Plan' for the Empire of North America, popularly known as 'One Empire and Five Confederations'. This will be the basis for the American Constitution(*Look to the West*).

**1772-1774**

First Mysore-Haidarabad War between Mysorean and FEIC forces on one side and Haidarabad and BEIC forces on the other. This particular war results in a minor Mysorean victory(*Look to the West*).

**1772**

**February:** Emperor Peter III of Russia's wife Catherine makes a failed coup attempt involving the collusion of the Leib Guards. After securing his position and purging the Guards, Peter sends her into exile at Yekaterinburg.

**March:** Great Britain, Ireland and the Empire of North America switch over from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar. This causes some riots, partly because people believe days have actually been lost from their lives, but mostly because the governments cunningly put the switchover at a time where the days lost should have been holidays.

**April:** In Osterlich(Austria), the demands of the last two wars coupled to some unwise speculation lead to an economic crash. Osterian(Austrian) policy in the Germanies is weakened for a decade or so as the treasury struggles to recover, though Osterian(Austrian) interference in northern Italy continues apace.

**August:** Moritz Benyovsky, a Slovakian leader of one of the Arztozkan(Polish\_ patriotic brigades, flees the destruction of his force by the Prussians and ends up in Baltish(Lithuania), where he joins the newly reformed Baltish(Lithuanian) Army.

**September:** Death of Louis X(XV) of France, who dies a deeply unpopular man due to his habit of returning conquered provinces after wars and for failing to reform the French tax system. He is succeeded by his son the Dauphin, Louis-Ferdinand, as King Louis XI(XVI in real life and *Look to the West*).

**November:** France's King Louis XI((XVI) approves the revival of stalled research into Nicholas-Joseph Cugnot's steam-tractor technology(*Look to the West*).

**1773**

**March:** With the death of Richard Wall, Charles III of Spain appoints his old Neapolitan chief minister, Bernardo Tanucci, as chief minister of Spain. The hardline anti-clericalist Tanucci swiftly proves unpopular, especially in Spain's colonial possessions.

**April:** John Pitt enlists in the BEIC as a cornet of cavalry.

**May:** Birth of Aleksandr Potemkin, son of Grigory Potemkin and Empress Catherine of Russia (at least, it is alleged).

**June:** In Persia, Shah/Advocate Abol Fath Khan defeats the Qajars in Mazanderan. The Qajar leader, Agha Mohammed Khan, is killed in the battle. The future of Zand Persia is secured.

**July:** Death of Ahmad Shah Abdali, the great Helmaj(Afghan) conqueror, from cancer exacerbated by constant travel in his campaigns. The Helmaj(Afghans) call a *Loya Jirga* which splits the Durrani Empire, the Helmaj(Afghan) domains going to his first son Timur and the Indian ones to his second son Nadir, who becomes Emperor of the Neo-Mughal Empire(*Look to the West*).

**1774**

**February:** Carl Wilhelm Scheele, the Swedish apothecary and chemist, begins his research into lufts [gases]. This will eventually result in the discovery of elluftium [oxygen] and illuftium [nitrogen], as well as a gas known as 'scheelium' at the time which will one day be identified as murium [chlorine]. This is more or less as OTL, but in OTL Scheele's discoveries were never widely publicised.

**April:** Pavel Lebedev-Lastoschkin, out of Yakutsk, leads a Russian trade expedition to Edzo [Hokkaido], northernmost island of Japan. He is rebuffed by the local Matsumae Han, who indicate they have no authority from the Shogun to conclude such deals and that trade with Japan is only available via Nagasaki. This is unreasonably far away from the Russian ports, and a disappointed Lebedev returns to Yakutsk.

**July:** Charles Bone receives his doctorate in law from the University of Cambridge and he founds a law practice in London, specialising in defending Catholics from employers who abuse the Test Acts(*Look to the West*).

**1775**

**January:** Birth of Ivan Potemkin.

**May:** John Acton, a Briton in service with the Tuscan navy, distinguishes himself in an action against Algerine pirates at Algiers itself, in cooperation with the French and Spanish. Soon afterwards, his fame leads him to to leave the Tuscans and go to Naples, where he is employed in reorganising the Neapolitans' own outdated naval forces.

**Japan:** Lilith awakens in the Shrine of the uncorrupted Maiden(not that briefly she overlapped with her past self but in two different areas. In this case she has been comatose since 1600) and leaves to search for the Triacanto. She is seen and followed by Carl Peter Thurnberg, a visiting member of the Dutch East India Company. Lilith learns the target is painter Kitagawa Ichitaro, but befriends him when she sees he had a dream of the Triacanto being removed and possibly placed in one of his three friends including sumo wrestler Tanikaze Kajinosuke, Samurai Ishida Matsuo and actor Segawa Kikunojo III. The group dubs themselves "The Floating World" based on their lives being described as "Floating". Carl Peter Thunberg catches up to and joins the group. Matsuo is discovered to have a christian wife and a Jesuit priest who was brought in to tutor his son who is in actuality a Thistle. Matsuo is exiled to Kyokuto and is sent to Nagasaki for his allegiance to Christianity. Thistles attack Lilith but the group of actors save her and go with her to Nagasaki where they fight the Thistles, ending with Lillith killing Matsuo, though Carl Peter Thunberg also dies in battle with the Thistles. Lilith vanishes. Matsuo's son and the Jesuit priest leave for the new world(*Lilith*).

    **1776**

**January 1:** The American Revolution (also known as *Washington's Rebellion*) occurs. The battle of Quebec on January 1, 1776 was a British Victory where Benedict Arnold was killed.

The Duke of Britannia bribes Richard Saunders(Benjamin Franklin) with promises of titles and territories in the colonies, who was charged with appealing to Louis XI(XVI) for assistance in the American colonies' war for independence. There after, Richard Saunders(Benjamin Franklin) is given the title of Earl(*Code Geass*). Richard Saunders goes even further and convinces the French King to aid in quelling the American Revolution in exchange for territory.

Visser Four arrives in Trenton in 1776, where he warns the British and the Hessians about George Washington's ambush. Fearing that the Yeerk might be attempting to assassinate the "Father of [their] Country", Jake orders the Animorphs to protect Washington at all costs. Jake and Marco, in their human forms, join one of the boats while Rachel and Tobias take to the air, Cassie electing to morph dolphin and stay hidden in the Delaware River while Ax remains on standby in Andalite form. During the firefight, Jake is shot in the head, destroying the back part of his head and instantly killing him. Enraged, Rachel takes command over the group and orders Ax to kill the Hessians. Although Ax protests that it was not their fault and they are not his enemies, Rachel pressures him to do his duty since his prince was killed. Ax decapitates the Hessian commanding officer just as Visser Four time jumps once more, this time to 1807, at Cape Trafalgar(*Megamorphs #3: Elfangor's Secret)*

The Anglo-French Empire under Louis XI(XVI) takes part in quelling the American Revolution(*Shadows of Doubt).*

**March:** After months of argument between their representatives, the New England colonies of the ENA are amalgamated into the Confederation of New England, with its capital at Boston. This is the first of the Five Confederations to be formally created.

**April:** Exiled Emperor of Daiviet Le Cung Tong appeals to the Daguo Emperor of China for help in regaining his throne; Daguo agrees.

**July:** Irish-born war veteran and MP Anthony St. Leger, together with the Prime Minister the Marquess of Rockingham, sets up the St. Leger Stakes, a series of high-stakes horse races, in Doncaster. Rockingham's patronage soon provokes much interest in the stakes from the Westminster political establishment(*Look to the West*).

### **Rebellion and Aftermath(1777-1781)**

**1777**

Charles Bone's son Leo (Napoleone Buonaparte) enters the Royal Navy as a midshipman and serves on HMS *Ardent(Look to the West*).

**October 21-22:** The British General John Burgoyne triumphed over Horatio Gates at the Battles of Saratoga.

**October 25:** Horatio Gates surrenders to John Burgoyne.

**1777-1778**

**Winter:** George Washington's troops stationed at Valley Forge. Washington contemplates an attack on Philadelphia, but refrains from action.

**1778**

France and Spain abandon the colonies. Richard Saunders begins peace negotiations. The Duke of Britannia bribed Richard Saunders (who due to the interaction of a time traveller was made him the mentor of King George III) with promises of titles and territories in the colonies. There after, Richard Saunders was given the title of Earl. Lord North gains prestige in Parliament. Joseph Galloway and John Dickinson gain influence in Congress.

**Early:** General Artemas Ward named head of the Board of War and Congress decides to relieve Washington of command.

**February 14:** Washington removed from position of commander-in-chief, offered command of troops in Victoria and the Catawbas, but declines.

**February 16:** Washington resigns his commission. Cabinet meeting called to discuss peace terms with the colonies, Galloway Plan accepted

**March 16:** Commission lead by Earl of Carlisle sent to the colonies to present terms to the colonies.

**Early May:** Continental Congress receives British offer.

**May 23:** Galloway becomes President of Congress.

**May 27:** Congress accepts Carlisle's offer.

**June 12:** Armistice signed. The Rebellion ends

**November 12:** Lord North gives speech, assuring colonists that they will not be punished for rebellion.

Carl Wilhelm Scheele discovers elluftium [oxygen](*Look to the West*).

The Qing Chinese army defeats the Nguyen Lords of Daiviet at Than Hoa, restoring Emperor Le Cung Tong to his position as a Chinese puppet ruling northern Daiviet (Tonkin) while the Nguyens are left with the south (Cochinchina)(*Look to the West*).

The rules of cricket are codified by the Pall Mall Cricket Club(*Look to the West*).

**1778-1781**

Second Mysore-Haidarabad War between Mysorean and FEIC forces on one side and Haidarabad and BEIC forces on the other. Haidarabad takes back Mysore's gains in the last war, but the BEIC loses influence at the Nizam's court due to mishandling by the British resident there(*Look to the West*).

**1778-1782**

Colonies temporarily divided into 4 military districts to maintain peace.

**1778-1796**

Francis Marion maintains guerrilla resistance in the Appalachians. Long-term resistance in Vermont begins.

**1779-1785:** The Second Platinean War. Maestrazgo(Spain) and (theoretically) France vs. Paradorian(Peruvian) Indian rebels, Platinean and Olifan(Chilean) colonial rebels, Britain and America, and (unofficially) Neutralia(Portugal). Defeat of the Bourbons with the creation of what will become the UPSA, although Britain suffers some embarrassing naval defeats in the process(*Look to the West*).

**1779**

José Gabriel Condorcanqui, taking the name Tupac Amaru II as Sapa Inca of the Tahuantinsuyo, shoots the tyrannical Spanish Governor of Parador(Peru), Antonio de Arriaga, and begins the Great Andean Rebellion. The rest of the year sees an unsuccessful attempt by the colonial authorities to quell the revolt.

First deployment of the Ferguson breech-loading rifle by the British Army. Initially the rifle is not widely adopted due to its high cost and long production time, although it sees some use by frontier forces in the ENA. Breech-loaders will not be popularised until the 1820s. At the same time, the Osterian(Austrian) army first deploys the *Repetierwindbüchse* (repeating air rifle) designed by Bartholomäus Girandoni, which though not suitable for general adoption, sees considerable use by skirmishers(*Look to the West*).

**1780**

Linnaeus' *Taxonomy of Man* is published posthumously, in which he argues that man is simply another of the primates. The book causes an uproar, but its impact on natural history and theology is somewhat overshadowed by the fact that the chapters dealing with the different races of men become the kernel of the ideology of Linnaean Racism(*Look to the West*).

Britannic Design proposed, to take effect two years later.

The American Squadron is created by the Royal Navy, a kernel of the later Imperial Navy(*Look to the West*).

Japan takes the Lemoyne territory up to and including Texas.

**June 23:** Wilderness Walk begins. Several US Patriots depart to Texas including Thomas Jefferson, Johhny Tremain, Benjamin Martin, Alexander Hamilton and a 13 year old Simon Suggs.

On Christmas Day, Tupac Amaru II takes Cusco from the Mastrazgoan(Spanish) colonial authorities and has himself formally coronated(*Look to the West*).

**1781**

Washington suffers a defeat at the siege of Yorktown and is reported dead(*Code Geass*).

**January 26:** Britannic Design receives royal assent from George III.

**February:** Forces of the Viceroyalty of Parador(Peru) fail to retake Cusco from Tupac Amaru II's rebelling Indians(*Look to the West*).

**May:** In Upper Parador(Peru) (OTL Bolivia) Tomas Katari, another Indian rebel leader, is defeated before La Paz and, pursued by Maestrazgo(Spanish) regulars, retreats into Lower Parador(Peru). He combines his forces with Tupac Amaru II's, strengthening them.

**June:** In India, after many failed rebellions against the Durrani Helmaj(Afghans), the Sikhs finally win their independence.

**August:** In Baltish(Lithuania), Grand Duke Povilas (the future Emperor Paul of Russia) institutes a new shipbuilding programme, known as the Patriotic Fleet as it embodies the idea of a Baltish(Lithuania) which has its own independent forces and is not merely a vassal of Russia(*Look to the West*).

### **The Age of Revolution(1782-1799)**

The western world enters the Age of Revolution, with numerous national revolutions taking place in several countries.

**1782**

**January:** Carl Wilhelm Scheele publishes, in Swedish, his work on gases. Because of Linnaeus' controversies resulting in many leading European thinkers learning Swedish to read his work in the original, Scheele's discoveries become widely known about.

**March:** King Louis XI(XVI) launches a French expedition to South America, although at the time of launch, it is still unclear which side he is supporting in the war there. The expedition is led by Admiral de Grasse and the Duc de Noailles.

**April:** The Africa Bubble scandal results in the resignation of the Marquess of Rockingham as Prime Minister of Great Britain. He is replaced by the Duke of Portland, but real power rests in the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Edmund Burke. The ruling Patriot party shifts to the left slightly and renames itself the Liberal Whigs.

**May:** Birth of Philip Hamilton (son of Alexander Hamilton) in Metropolis(New York City).

**July 2:** The Confederation of North America is established. John Burgoyne is made First Viceroy of North America.

**August:** The French expedition reaches the Plate. The Maestrazgo(Spanish) have told their colonists that the French are their allies, while the French believe that they are there to attack the Spaniards in their moment of weakness, due to crossed wires at the French foreign ministry. The result is a bloody occupation of undefended Buenos Aires by Noailles' army, with the Platineans bitterly blaming the Maestrazgo(Spanish) for the incident. This is amplified by Maeztrazgo(Spanish) propaganda praising (invented) victories by the French against Tupac Amaru II(*Look to the West*).

**September:** The Wilderness Walk reaches San Antonio, and continues on to found Jefferson City.

**1782-1794**

Several further waves of colonists reach Jefferson City, population grows to 61,000, including 18,000 slaves.

**1783**

**January:** Beginning of the Southern Rebellion, as the Rio de la Plata and Olifa(Chile) both rise in revolt against the Maestrazgo(Spanish). The Platineans begin building up their old militias again around cadres of veterans of the First Platinean War, and attack the French - initially without much success, as Noailles' forces are numerous and well-equipped.

**February:** Britain and the ENA enter the war in support of the Platinean rebels, hoping for expanded trade rights with any postwar independent state.

**March:** Tupac Amaru II takes Lima from the Maestrazgo(Spanish), but has trouble holding the strongly pro-(Maestrazgoan)Spanish city down.

**April:** Midshipman Leo Bone passes his lieutenantcy examination in Gibraltar. The new lieutenant is reassigned to HMS *Raisonnable*, where he first meets Lieutenant Horatio Hornblower(Nelson).

**May:** Maximilian III Wittelsbach, Elector of Bavaria, dies without issue. The electorate passes to Charles Theodore Sulzbach, Elector Palatine. Charles Theodore concludes a deal with the Osterians(Austrians) to swap Bavaria for the Osterian(Austrian) Netherlands, which now become the Duchy of Flanders. Bavaria is integrated into Osterlich(Austria) (not very popular with the Bavarians) while Charles Theodore retains the Palatinate as well as Flanders. Although the Prussians would like to declare war over this (as in OTL), they are too busy trying to hold down the latest Polish rebellion to respond.

**July:** Anglo-American fleet under Admiral Howe defeats de Grasse at the Battle of the River Plate. The British fleet lands an army of mostly American troops led by General George Augustine Washington, who joins up with the Platinean rebels in order to attack the French in Buenos Aires(*Look to the West*).

**September:** Franco-Maestrazgoan(Spanish) fleet assembles at Cadiz to escort fresh troops to South America. The fleet is ambushed by Admiral Augustus Keppel in the Battle of Trafalgar, which is a shock defeat for the Royal Navy. Keppel is court-martialled and resigns in disgrace. However, the RN has destroyed enough French and Maestrazgoan(Spanish) troopships in order that the expedition is called off.

**September 20:** Lord Albany (John Burgoyne) dies.

**1784-1786**

Third Mysore-Haidarabad War between Mysorean and FEIC forces on one side and Haidarabad and BEIC forces on the other. Due to poor communications between the BEIC and Haidarabad, the Mysoreans win a significant victory with blatant French help. The Nizam ejects the French from the Northern Circars in response and puts the British in charge there. The BEIC fights off the French and the British-Haidarabad alliance is subsequently strengthened.

**1784**

**March:** Having caught wind of reports that the Franco-Maestrazgoan(Spanish) intend to occupy Malta, the Royal Navy quickly makes its move first and turn the island into what will become an important British naval base. Controversy is sparked throughout Europe at this preemptive strike, even though the British allow the Knights of St John to carry on in a ceremonial role.

**April:** the Spanish retake Lima from Tupac Amaru II.

Prince Lee Boe of Palau visits the Netherlands and is an instant celebrity, leading to renewed European interest in the South Sea islanders.

**May:** Disintegration of Franco-Maestrazgoan(Spanish) common policy as Louis XI(XIV)attempts to use the Royal Navy's defeats as an opportunity to invade England. The French armies have still not assembled by the end of the war.

The Hanoverian-British composer and astronomer William Herschel dies while taking part on an astronomical mission in the South Seas.

**June:** Start of the Canadian Rebellion (by Quebecois) against Britain and America.

The rebels in Rio de la Plata announce the abolition of slavery.

**July:** A French fleet commanded by the Comte d'Estaing, Jean-Baptiste Charles Henri Hector, defeats the British in a dramatic but largely meaningless victory at the naval Battle of Bermuda.

**August:** Anglo-American siege of New Bordeaux(New Orleans) defeated by the colonial French(*Look to the West*).

**1785**

**February:** Anglo-American-Platinean-Olifan(Chilean) combined forces take La Paz from the Maestrazgoan(Spanish).

**March:** In Britain, Shrapnel and Philips develop the hail shot (known as case shot in OTL), a potent anti-infantry weapon that remains a British military secret for a generation

Birth of Thorvald Nielsen, a legendary adventurer, in Trondheim(*Look to the West*).

Fort Pitt is renamed to Burgoyne.

**May:** after a complicated amphibious invasion from Columbiana(Florida), American (mainly Catawban(Carolinian)) troops take Havana in Tropico(Cuba).

Michael Hiedler, third son of a Bavarian printer, moves to Lower Osterlich(Austria) in order to seek his fortune by enlisting in the Austrian army.

**July:** Canadian Rebellion crushed by British and New England troops. This revolt will result in Britain ceasing its policy of appeasing Quebecois interests, instead giving a green light to the New Englanders to settle the land. Many Quebecois are forcibly ejected, or choose to leave, and eventually go to Lemoyne(Louisiana), where they become known as Canajuns.

**August:** Signing of the Treaty of London, ending the Second Platinean War. A severe defeat for Maestrazgo(Spain), which is forced to concede the independence of what will become the UPSA with the loss of a third of its colonial empire. The ENA retains Tropico(Cuba), although its exact status remains up in the air for the moment. France loses little on paper, just the largely unpopulated hinterland of Lemoyne(Louisiana), but has drained its treasury, and this will have severe consequences…

**September:** King Charles III of Maestrazgo(Spain) forced once again to flee to France as the mob rules the streets of Madrid. Bernardo Tanucci is killed in the violence. When Charles returns, with the help of French troops, he is forced to appoint the liberal reformer José Moñino y Redondo, conde de Floridablanca, as chief minister.

**October:** British chemist Joseph Priestley publishes *On the Nature of Phlogiston*, in which he attempts to reconcile the established phlogiston-based theory of combustion with Scheele's discovery of illuftium [oxygen].

**November:** Admiral Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse sets out on a voyage of discovery financed by the King of France. The voyage included La Pérouse's new flagship, *d'Estaing*, followed by four frigates and a supply ship(*Look to the West*).

**1786**

**March:** John Pitt achieves a Colonelcy in the BEIC army.

**May:** Death of King Peter III of Neutralia(Portugal) in a hunting 'accident'. He is shot down in front of Queen Maria, who is driven mad by the experience. Within a year, power passes to her son, who becomes Peter IV.

**June:** An attempt by the French East India Company to conquer the town of Masoolipatam, in the Northern Circars, is defeated by the British East India Company and Haidarabad. John Pitt fights heroically at the battle, is wounded, and achieves fame and fortune.

**July:** Death of King Uthumphon of Ayutthaya. He is succeeded by his son, Maha Ekatotaphak, who places much power in the hands of his minister Prachai Tangsopon (possibly his bastard half-brother). Prachai tames rebellious nobles, establishes the Kongthap Bok (Royal Army) and establishes more state control over trade.

**August:** Lieutenant Leo Bone is promoted to Master and Commander, and is given the almost obsolete 28-gun frigate *Coventry*. He is soon marked out as a man to watch by the Royal Navy as he transforms the ship and its crew into a lethal fighting machine with a mixture of discipline, charisma, and unorthodox tactical ideas.

**December:** La Pérouse's fleet reaches Easter Island and the Galapagos. Lamarck and Laplace, who accompanied the voyage, observe the wildlife of the Galapagos, eventually resulting in their landmark book for Linnaeanism, *Observations on the Fauna of the Iles Galapagos(Look to the West*).

**1787**

Death of King Christian VII of Denmark. He is succeeded by his son, who becomes King Johannes II.

Discovery of the habitable regions of Antipodea by La Pérouse, who names the land New Gascony.

Death of the Daguo Emperor of China. He is succeeded by his third son Yongli, who becomes the Guangzhong Emperor(*Look to the West*).

King Charles III of Spain plans to deal with the colonists in Jefferson, but dies before those plans can be undertaken. There is a secession crisis as two possible contenders are up for the throne Phillip VI(*Look to the West*) or Charles IV(*For Want of a Nail*). Charles IV is ultimately chosen.

**1788**

**March:** George III returns to North America.

**June:** King Peter IV of Neutralia(Portugal) appoints Jaime de Melo el Castro as Viceroy of Brazil. Melo becomes a reforming viceroy and is responsible for effectively creating a unitary Brazilian colonial entity, Brazil formerly having been a loose arrangement of separate colonies.

**July:** King George III, in his capacity as Emperor George I of North America, opens the first Continental Parliament.

**August:** Baltish(Lithuanian) Patriotic Fleet, carrying ambassador Moritz Benyovsky, visits the Empire of North America as part of its flying-the-flag world tour(*Look to the West*).

Tensions between Northern Confederation and Quebec almost lead to violence.

**1789-1791**

Fourth Mysore-Haidarabad War between Mysorean and FEIC forces on one side and Haidarabad and BEIC forces on the other. Both sides fight hard and competently in the last of the Mysore-Haidarabad Wars. In the end, Tippoo Sultan of Mysore emerges with a victory, having taken Carnool and Guntoor from Haidarabad.

**1789**

**March:** The British Admiralty grants American shipyards the right to build ships of war for the Royal Navy.

**April:** Stephen Maturin(Charles Darwin) discovers light-sensitive silver salts, the beginning of the science of asimcony (photography).

**May:** Under pressure from the French and Maestrazgoan(Spanish\_, Pope Gregory XV issues the papal bull *Discidium* which condemns the separation of the UPSA from Maestrazgo(Spain). This drives many Meridians towards Jansenist Catholicism, as any Catholic clergyman in the UPSA who rejects the bull is effectively considered a Jansenist by default.

**June**: The Great Famine strikes France. A failure by the King's government to respond coherently, coupled with the fact that the nobles continue to eat well, stokes the resentment of the French people towards the royal system.

**July:** In Neutralia(Portugal), a plot by the Duchess of Lafões against Peter IV is uncovered; Peter's response is another round of executions and land confiscations, further cowing the Neutralese(Portuguese) nobility vis-a-vis royal power.

Maverick Chinese general Yu Wangshan defeats an attempt by the exiled Burmese Konbaung dynasty, led by Avataya Min, to retake Ava from the Chinese-backed Tougou dynasty. The Guangzhong Emperor, fearing Yu's alignment with neo-Manchu political factions, exiles him to the eastern forts of the “New Great Wall”.

The city state of Toungoo supported Avataya Min during the war, so its ruler Shin Aung is toppled by the Chinese and replaced by his more pliable (but unpopular) nephew Hkaung Shwe.

**July 14:** The Storming of the Bastille, later known as the Paris Insurrection takes place,( On Earth One, the beginning of the French Revolution)(*Code Geass*).

**August:** In North America, the Continental Parliament passes the Anti-Transportation Act, barring the forced transportation and settlement of British convicts in areas claimed by American colonies.

HMS *Raisonnable*, under the command of Captain Robert Brathwaite, visits Naples. Her first lieutenant, Horatio Hornblower(Nelson), meets Sir John Acton. Hornblower(Nelson) is initially offended by Acton's career of fighting for the Mediterranean powers rather than his British homeland.

**October:** General Assembly of New England passes a law abolishing slavery by gradual manumission(*Look to the West*).

**1790**

**February:** Convention of Cordoba establishes the United Provinces of South America.

**March:** John Pitt becomes Governor-General of the BEIC (based in Calcutta).

Charles Town, capital of the Confederation of Catawba(Carolina), is officially renamed Charleston.

**April:** Peter IV of Neutralia(Portugal) revives the Cortes, using the commoners as another stick to beat the nobility into line with.

**May:** China under the Guangzhong Emperor begins tightening trade restrictions with Europeans in Canton, irritating the various East India Companies.

**June:** The Continental Parliament of North America passes a bill instituting an American Special Commissioner to be sent to Britain and Consuls to be sent to France and Maestrazgo(Spain), essentially a backdoor project for exploring the possibility of independent American ambassadors(*Look to the West*).

**1791**

**April:** Death of Grigory Potemkin, former lover of Empress Catherine of Russia(*Look to the West*).

**May:** British general election returns a majority for the ruling Portland Ministry, in which real power rests in Edmund Burke. The ruling party is known as the Liberal Whigs, while Charles James Fox's Radical Whigs also increase their vote share.

Imitating his idol the Kangxi Emperor, the Guangzhong Emperor of China has his wayward son and heir Baoyu stripped of his position and relegated to a lowly position in an attempt to teach him humility; however, Baoyu hangs himself, the Empress dies from a miscarriage upon hearing the news, and Guangzhong withdraws into seclusion with only two heirs, Baoli and Baoyi, left.

**June:** While making observations of sunspots, the Neapolitan astronomer Giuseppe Piazzi accidentally discovers paraerythric (infra-red) light. His discovery will remain controversial for years to come.

**July:** France is thrown into a panic due to rumours that a comet is due to strike the country.

At the height of a cursory Ostero(Austro)-Wallachian war, cavalryman Michael Hiedler is slightly wounded, decorated, and given the noble title of Edler von Strones. He settles near the village of Strones, marries, and fathers two children.

**August:** Persecuted by an angry mob for his radical political sympathies, Joseph Priestley flees Britain for the United Provinces of South America, where he will set up a very profitable soda water business.

La Pérouse visits the Kingdom of Hun Chiu(Corea), performing a little trade with King Hyojang. This includes artillery.

**September:** HMS *Coventry* is paid off. Commander Leo Bone, taking most of his crew with him, is made post and given command of the frigate HMS *Diamond*.

**1792**

**May** A joint Russo-Baltish(Lithuanian) mission, commanded by Moritz Benyovsky and Pavel Lebedev-Lastoschkin, sets off for Okhotsk from the Baltic the long way around, assisted by Dutch navigators.

**June** Captain Horatio Hornblower(Nelson), commanding HMS *Habana*, visits Naples for the second time. Sir John Acton is now effectively the prime minister of King Charles VI and VIII, and Hornblower(Nelson) reaches a rapproachment with him. He also meets the King's daughter, Princess Carlotta, for the first time. Their relationship is debated but she begins to argue for Hornblower's( Nelson's) interests at court.

**July:** British scientist Henry Cavendish, disappointed in fading interest in electricity research in his home country, goes to the UPSA to join his acquaintance Joseph Priestley.

**August:** Death in exile of Empress Catherine of Russia, wife of Peter III(*Look to the West*).

**1792-1795**

Unofficial raids from Georgia into Columbiana(Florida).

**1793**

Invention of the Cotton Gin.

**February:** La Pérouse and his crew return to France after their first epic exploration of La Pérouse's Land [Australia]. Hoping to gain popular support from a national project, King Louis XI(XVI) agrees to fund a colonial venture there.

**May:** Captain Leo Bone and the HMS *Diamond* become famous for a hard-fought action against Algerine pirates off Malta.

**June:** Richard Wesley, who had fought in India for the BEIC against Burmese-Arakan and Mysore, returns home to Ireland as his father has died. He is now the Earl of Mornington.

**July:** The rejuvenated British Royal Africa Company, under Simcoe in Dakar, intervenes in the Koya-Susu War on the Koya side - in exchange for the Koyans ceding the Company key land, which becomes the site of the freed-slave black colony of Freedonia.

La Pérouse, with more ships and carrying the natural philosophers Lamarck and Laplace, sets off once more from France for La Pérouse's Land.

**August:** Death of Abol Fath Khan, Shah-Advocate of Persia, from an illness. He is succeeded by his younger brother, who becomes Shah-Advocate Ali Zand Shah.

Chinese General Tang Zhoushou is called to Xinjiang to take advantage of the collapse of the Dzungars by the Kazakhs attacking from the west. However, he dies of a stomach ulcer, and his army - including the prince Baoli - comes under the command of Yu Wangshan.

**September:** French Revolutionary thinker Jacques Tisserant, known as Le Diamant for his incorruptibility, publishes *La Carte de la France*, his pictorial manifesto for a new moderate and egalitarian French state.

**September 23:** Louis XI(XVI) of France dies. His son succeeds as Louis XII(XVII) with Marie Antoinette as regent.

**October:** Former slave Olaudah Equiano is appointed Lieutenant-Governor of the Crown Colony of Freedonia by the Governor of Dakar. This sets a precedent for the freed-slave colony to always be headed by a black leader(*Look to the West*).

**October 15:** A Constitution adopted in Jefferson.

**December 4:** First elections held under new Constitution in Jefferson.

**1794**

**January 19:** Chamber of Representatives first assembles.

**January 25, Jefferson:** The First Governors of Jefferson are chosen. They are Johnny Tremain, Alexander Hamilton, and Samuel Johnston.

**February 1, Jefferson:** All 7 judges of High Court appointed in Jefferson.

**February:** The French Sans-Culottes, led by Le Diamant, march on the Palais de Versailles to present their demands to the King. Le Diamant's charisma and general discontent mean that the palace guards refuse to fire on the crowd. Louis XI(XVI) gives in and agrees to recall the Estates-General. The French Revolution has begun.

**March:** The Imperial Mint, in Fredericksburg, mints the first golden Emperors. These coins, worth one British pound each, are intended to replace the Spanish dollar as the main currency of the Empire of North America.

In Oceania, La Pérouse's fleet arrives in La Pérouse's Land, in the region called New Gascony [OTL New South Wales/Victoria], and founds the town of Albi, starting the colony.

**April:** Act of Settlement (in North America) sees New England give up its westward expansion claims in exchange for the right to settle Canada with no restrictions(*Look to the West*).

In Hun Chiu(Corea), after the successful trade experiment with La Pérouse's fleet, King Hyojang opens the port of Pusan for foreign trade - mainly that of the Dutch East India Company.

Birth of Frederick Paley, son of the philosopher and Christian apologist William Paley.

Treaty signed between Osterlich(Austria) and France.

Count of Revillagigedo, who had warned King Charles IV about the danger posed by Jefferson, dismissed as Viceroy of New Maestrazgo(Spain)(*For Want of a Nail*).

**June:** In the UPSA, Joseph Priestley and Henry Cavendish, together with many local Meridian scientists, found the Solar Society of Cordoba, a mirror to the old Lunar Society of Birmingham of their youth. The Solar Society will be a centre for collaborative scientific research and knowledge exchange in the UPSA.

**July:** The recalled French Estates-General conclude that their existing medieval system is inadequate, and create a National Constitutional Convention. The Third Estate renames itself the *Communes*.

**August:** Anglo-American agreement results in Michigan being turned into a penal colony, later known as Susan-Mary.

**October:** The Benyovsky-Lebedev Russo-Baltish(Lithuanian) mission sights Nagasaki from a distance, but does not land.

**December:** The French National Constitutional Convention publishes its constitution, abolishing the Estates-General and replacing them with a new National Legislative Assembly. The Kingdom of France and Navarre becomes the Kingdom of the French People of the Latin Race, a constitutional monarchy(*Look to the West*).

**1795-1796**

The Flemish War. Name for the early phase of the Franco-Osterian(Austrian) front of the Jacobin Wars, when the battleground was primarily Flanders and northeastern France. Revolutionary France **vs.** Osterlich(Austria), French royalists, Piedmont-Sardinia, and German allies from the various states of the Holy Roman Empire. Result: stalemate(*Look to the West*).

**1795**

**January:** French Constitution comes into force. The Comte de Mirabeau becomes chief minister and struggles to implement it in the face of opposition from the nobles and the Church(*Look to the West*).

**Jefferson:** Cotton gin reaches Jefferson, rise of cotton production begins, and with it, greater fortune for Jefferson, and attracting new immigrants from the Southern Confederation, a part of the North American Confederation.

**February:** Benyovsky-Lebedev mission lands in Okhotsk.

The French astronomer Charles Messier discovers the seventh planet, which he initially names “Étoile du Diamant” (the Diamond Star) after Le Diamant. This name is not widely accepted and the planet eventually becomes known as Dionysus.

**March:** The Dauphin of France, Louis-Auguste, travels to Navarre in order to sort out the implications of the new constitution there. Thus he is not present in Paris when subsequent events occur.

Keystone(Pennsylvania) Confederal Assembly abolishes both slavery and the slave trade.

**April:** Osterlich(Austria) and France attack Prussia, starting the Trans-Oceanic War(*For Want of a Nail*). Death of the Comte de Mirabeau. France is plunged into a constitutional crisis. The moderates in the NLA favour Jacques Necker as new chief minister while the Jacobin radicals put forward Jean-Baptiste Robespierre(*Look to the West*).

**April 12:** Treaty of Friendship signed between France and Maestrazgo(Spain).

**May:** King Louis XII(XVI) decides on Jacques Tisserant (Le Diamant) as a compromise candidate for chief minister. However, a miscommunication means that when Le Diamant is sent for, troops arrive to escort him and this is mistaken for Le Diamant being arrested. In the ensuing riot, Le Diamant is accidentally shot, and the radical Jacobins quickly play upon the popular outrage at this to launch the new violent phase of the French Revolution.

A few days later, with most of the French Army defecting to the Jacobins and Sans-Culottes, the Marshal of France Phillipe Henri, the Marquis de Ségur, takes loyal troops and fortifies the Bastille, intending to bring the King there to keep him safe from the mob, but it is too late for this. The Sans-Culottes arrest the royal family, and radical Jacobin troops led by Georges Hébert manage to take the Bastille from Ségur. Ségur is brutally beheaded by an unknown Revolutionary soldier who becomes the iconic image, L'Épurateur.

On the 15th, the King, Louis XII(XVI) is executed after a show trial, by the new 'Rational' means of phlogistication in a gas chamber.

By coincidence, on the same day in India, Nana Fadnavis, chief minister to Peshwa Madhavarao Narayan of the Maratha Confederacy, is assassinated. The loss of his administrative abilities means the young Madhavarao struggles to contain a rebellion led by the pretender Raosaheb.

**July:** The Parliament of Great Britain debates responses to the French Revolution as its takes this new radical turn. The ruling Portland-Burke Ministry is strongly opposed to the Revolution, while the Radical Whigs under Fox favour it.

In the Pacific, Lebedev and Benyovski set off for Edzo again, but are blown off course, are unable to find the Matsumae Han, and their ship is wrecked in the north of the island. They are attacked by the native Aynyu [Ainu], but Benyovsky makes a parley and is able to convince the Aynyu to trade supplies and protection so that the ship may be repaired for some of the European goods it carries. Including guns.

**August:** Execution by phlogistication of Marie-Antoinette, mother of the Dauphin of France (who has fled to Maestrazgo(Spain) from Navarre). Osterlich(Austria) declares war on Revolutionary France in support of the exiled Dauphin.

The French mob targets the British Ambassador and American Consul, Frederick Grenville and Thomas Jefferson respectively. Grenville is badly wounded but escapes; Jefferson is killed. This provokes outrage in London and Fredericksburg.

In India, Raosaheb's forces (backed by the Nizam of Haidarabad) run Madhavarao Narayan out of Pune and he flees to Raigad, where he seeks help from the Neutralese(Portuguese) East India Company.

**August 23:** The Parliament of Great Britain votes to declare war on France (by 385 to 164), although this news will not reach the Mediterranean for a while. Great Britain declares war on France.

**September:** First Osterian(Austrian) troops cross into French territory from Flanders and Baden. Furious battles against Revolutionary levies begin almost immediately.

On the 17th, Royalist Toulon is besieged by Revolutionary armies led by Adam Phillipe, the former Comte de Custine. The French fleet there is led by the indecisive Comte d'Estaing, who hesitates over whether to fight or cleave to the new regime. He sends some of his forces to Corsica in order to bring back more supplies to relieve the siege, but exposure to Revolutionary ideas means that a large part of this force mutinies. Leo Bone, whose crew is having shore leave in Corsica, learns of the events in Toulon.

Georgia invades and annexes Columbiana( Florida); South Catawba and Indiana invade French Lemoyne(Louisiana).

**October:** Leo Bone goes to Toulon and successfully cons Admiral d'Estaing into believing that the British have concluded a deal with the Dauphin to fight the Revolutionaries and restore the throne, so the Royalist French fleet must go to Corsica and join with the British. Bone had intended to pull off the largest and most bloodless prize-taking ever, but is suprised to learn that his lie has become the truth by the time the fleet reaches Corsica. This is due to the implementation of the 'Burke Strategy', Edmund Burke's plan to support French royalists and not snatch their colonies - arguing that the French Republic is too dangerous to allow to exist, even if it means allying with Britain's old enemy Bourbon France.

The Sans-Culotte levies of the French Revolutionary army are defeated by General Johannes Mozart and his Oster(Austro)-German army at the Battle of Laon. Mozart's army occupies Maubeuge.

Colonel Ney swiftly rises to prominence as he commands a fighting retreat against a second Oster(Austro)-German army in the Col de Sauverne, in Lorraine.

Death of Emperor Peter III of Russia. He is legally succeeded by his son, who steps down as Grand Duke Paul I of Baltish(Lithuania) to become Emperor Paul I of Russia. However, this is contested by the brothers Potemkin.

In India, Neutralese(Portuguese) EIC forces under João Pareiras da Silva attack Raosaheb's forces with the intention of restoring Madhavarao to the Peshwa-ship.

In Oceania, La Pérouse visits the Mauré for the second time, learning that the muskets the French sold them before have dramatically changed the pattern of warfare there, catapulting the Tainui to dominance, while they are opposed by the Touaritaux-Touaux Alliance. In order to help feed the new colony, the French give the Tainui not merely guns but the secret of making them, in exchange for crops and seed.

**November:** Continental Parliament votes 46-9 in favour for an American declaration of war on France.

In France, Pierre Boulanger wins his famous victory against Johannes Mozart at the Battle of Lille, using the new Cugnot-wagon technology to his advantage. This results in the French retaking Maubeuge and halting the Osterian(Austrian) advance into France.

The French inventor Louis Chappe, helped by the fact that his brother is a member of the NLA, receives French government funding to develop a semaphore communications network.

In Russia, the Potemkinites assemble their army and march on Moscow.

First rumours of the United Society of Equals, a republican movement in Ireland that is theoretically secular and in practice dominated by Protestants, especially Presbyterians.

**December:** On advice by General Sir Fairfax Washington, Viscount Amherst (commander-in-chief of the British Army) recommends that new regiments be raised in America. The Parliament of Great Britain passes the American Regiments Act (1795), which grants Fredericksburg plenipotentiary powers to raise troops.

After a series of indecisive battles along the Flemish border, the Osterian(Austrian) and Revolutionary French armies dig in for the winter.

Paul crowned Emperor of All the Russias in St Petersburg. However, news reaches him that the Potemkinites under General Saltykov have taken Moscow. Start of the Russian Civil War(*Look to the West*).

**1795-1799**

The Trans-Oceanic War(*For Want of a Nail*).

**1796-1800**

The Russian Civil War, which eventually broadens into the Great Baltic War. Romanovian Russians, Baltish(Lithuania), and Denmark **vs.** Potemkinite Russians and Sweden. Result: Romanovian victory in Russia; Sweden defeated and forced into personal union with Denmark. The Ottoman Empire and Persia take advantage of the chaos to re-extend their influence into areas contested by Russia, primarily the Caucasus and also Bessarabia and the Khanate of the Crimea(*Look to the West*).

**1796**

**January:** The people of Liège rise up and overthrow their Prince-Bishop, installing a copycat republic based on disseminated French propaganda.

**February:** General Mozart leaves winter quarters to besiege Liège, a miserable affair on both sides.

**March:** Jean de Lisieux, a French Revolutionary leader, publishes *La Vapeur est Républicaine*, 'Steam is Republican', a pamphlet which enshrines steam power as ideologically correct. Lisieux and Boulanger form a political alliance with Cugnot and other French engineers and radical warriors, such as Blanchard and Surcouf. This research cabal becomes known as *La Boulangerie*, 'the Bakery'.

Paris sees the start of Robespierre's Reign of Terror, after Royalists holed up in a church/powder store blow up Georges Hébert and his Guard Nationale. The Republican reprisal is swift, with men sent to the chirurgien or phlogisticateur for the most minor imagined crime against the People. Lisieux, using Cugnot's new *Tortue* 'Tortoise' armoured steam-wagon, crushes part of the revolt and becomes a hero of the Jacobin mob. Lisieux replaces Hébert as third Consul, resulting in Danton being overlooked - he soon goes to the phlogisticateur himself, along with other personal enemies of Robespierre.

Meanwhile, Britain deploys an expeditionary force to Flanders under the command of the Prince of Wales, Frederick George.

In India, the Neutralese(Portuguese) General Pareiras defeats Raosaheb's forces in the epic Siege of Gawhilgoor. This breakthrough restores Madhavarao to the Peshwa-ship (in truth, now only ruling the land of Konkan) but Neutralese(Portuguese) 'guidance', expressed through a resident in Pune, now truly controls that region.

**April:** General Boulanger's deputy Thibault Leroux leads an army to relieve the siege of Liège. Mozart's starving army forced back into Flanders, and ravages the Flemish countryside with its marauding. Charles Theodore of Flanders and his minister Emmanuel Grosch take note, and fear for the resentment provoked by the Imperial presence. They enter secret negotiations with Boulanger and with Statdholder William V of the Netherlands.

Robespierre reduces the suffrage of the French Republic to Sans-Culottes only, growing ever more paranoid about there being enemies everywhere. The powers of the National Legislative Assembly are undermined daily.

In North America, the American Preventive Cutter Service is created. This coastguard's main role is to prevent smuggling and piracy, in particular the illegal private transportation of convicts to America. The Continental Parliament also authorises the creation of the Commission for Continental Regiments, the first American 'ministry', which operates out of Cornubia Palace in Fredericksburg.

On the 25th (Gregorian calendar) or 14th (Russian calendar), in Russia, the Potemkinites successfully take the city of Smolensk from the Romanovians in an important victory. Emperor Paul retreats into Baltish(Lithuania).

**May 14:** Jeffersonian forces come within 20 miles of New Bordeaux( New Orleans) but fail to capture the city(*Look to the West*).

Full gearing-up of the spring campaign in Flanders. Mozart's Osterians(Austrians) make a second, more half-hearted siege of Liège, but the main force attempts to push deeper into France. Mozart fights Boulanger again at Cambrai and wins a pyrrhic victory with considerable Oster(Austro)-German losses.

Retreating army of Emperor Paul of Russia is attacked by a Potemkinite force under Suvorov near Vitebsk. Perhaps one-third of Paul's army is destroyed. It is assumed by many that a Potemkin victory in the Russian civil war is now assured.

In America, the Treaty of Sandusky ends the Ohio War. This scattered conflict had been going on since the end of the Third War of Supremacy, and results in the defeat of the Lenape, Huron and Ottawa Indians with the victory of Keystone(Pennsylvania), Metropolis( New York) and the Iroquois. The Lenape and Ottawa are virtually destroyed, but the Huron confederacy fragments into separate tribes, some of which go west to join the Lakota, some go south and are allowed to settle in French Lemoyne(Louisiana), and one - the Tahontaenrat - joins the Iroquois, forming the Seven Nations.

Alain Carpentier, wastrel son of Louis XI(XVI's) physician Henri Carpentier (who had risen from common birth to riches) escapes Robespierre's reign of terror and arrives in Nantes, much to the displeasure of many aristocrats like the Duke of Berry.

**June:** Mozart orders a retreat and regroup of the Oster(Austro)-German army, resupplying from Flanders. However, Charles Theodore makes a shock announcement that Flanders is seceding from the Empire, and is supported by William V's Dutch Republic. Cut off and low on supplies, there is little prospect of the Osterians(Austrians) being able to fight their way through (after failing to force a Flemish border fort or retake Liège), so Mozart orders the army to wheel southwards in order to retreat to Trier.

Meanwhile, in North America, HMS *Marlborough* under Captain Paul Wilkinson and the naturalist Erasmus Maturin(Darwin) II perform the first survey of Michigan, which had been named as a potential penal colony.

In Sweden, the Hat party takes control of the Riksdag for the first time since the 1760s. The Hats fear a future war of the Swedish succession - King Charles XII has no children - and therefore vote to intervene in Russia on the Potemkinite side, to secure Potemkinite Russia as an ally in any future conflict.

**July:** The Flemings eject the British expeditionary force from Flanders due to their declaration of neutrality. This embarrassment, coupled with Edmund Burke's death, leads to the fall of the Portland Ministry. It is replaced by a new war government under the ageing Marquess of Rockingham, while the Radicals and Radical-leaning Whigs under Charles James Fox become the main voice of opposition.

Meanwhile, the Flemings and Dutch fight to eject the Bavarian army 'of occupation' from Flanders, where it had been waiting to reinforce the Osterians(Austrians).

**August:** Bavarian army retreats into the Empire. The Netherlands and Flanders formally sign their alliance into being with the Maastricht Pact. Mozart's army reaches Trier, by now a shadow of its former self after having been harried by the French enroute.

The disgraced Mozart is recalled to Vienna and replaced with Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser.

To the south, the Genoese people overthrow their old oligarchic Republic and declare a Ligurian Republic, which is swiftly occupied by French forces under the mercurial Lazare Hoche.

In Russia, an attack by General Sergei Saltykov on St Petersburg is defeated by Mikhail Kamenski, who destroys the Potemkinite siege train and forces a retreat. This breaks a chain of Potemkinite victories and shows the Romanovians are still in the game.

**September:** Osterian(Austrian) forces finally break through the Col de Sauverne with heavy losses and spill into Lorraine. Ney is nonetheless recognised for his valiant actions and is promoted to General.

The Ottoman Empire begins its quiet intervention in the Russian Civil War, exerting influence over the formerly Russian-influenced lands of Moldavia, Bessarabia, the Crimean Khanate and Georgia. The Georgians reject the Ottoman demands and King George XII sends Prince Piotr Bagration to Russia, insisting that Russia honours its treaty agreements to defend Georgia.

**October:** The Netherlands is hit by a brief wave of Revolution, inspired by the French. Flemish troops, fresh from the campaign against the Bavarians, assist Stadtholder William V's own Dutch army in putting down attempted revolts in the Hague and Amsterdam. The Dutch Republic remains.

**November:** The French under Hoche win some minor victories in Savoy against Piedmont-Sardinia.

Secret treaty of alliance between the Kingdom of Sweden and Potemkinite Russia. The Swedes begin building up their forces in Cimmeria(Finland)(*Look to the West*).

**1797**

**January:** The Chinese heir Baoli returns to Beijing as a hero worshipper of Yu Wangshan and a supporter of the neo-Manchu movement. The Guangzhong Emperor dithers over whether to instead name his second son Baoyi, less dynamic but also less dangerous in his views, as heir.

Pablo Sanchez is born in Cervera, Maestrazgo(Spain).

**February:** Prince Bagration is attacked by bandits in the Caucasus, but rescued by Heinrich Kautzman, the 'Bald Impostor'. The Georgians and Cossacks form an agreement, with King George XII of Georgia agreeing to become an Ottoman vassal for the present, committing his army along with the Cossacks to help the Romanovians win the Civil War, so that a Romanov Russia can come in later and reverse the situation.

**March:** Death of Frederick William II of Prussia, after a long illness. His son succeeds him as Frederick William III. With initial risings in Warsaw and Lodz, Arztozka(Poland) immediately rebels, taking advantage of the instability of the change of regime. The rebel armies are commanded by the experienced mercenary Kazimierz Pułaski. The Arzotzkan(Polish) rebellion is discreetly assisted by Baltish(Lithuanian) arms, although the Baltish(Lithuanians) mostly remain loyal to Grand Duke Peter and have little enthusiasm for reforming the old Commonwealth.

Start of the Great Aynyu (Ainu) Rebellion in Edzo (Hokkaido) against the Japanese Matsumae Han, aided and abbetted by Benyovsky's Russians trading guns to the Aynyu(*Look to the West*).

**April:** The French launch their Poséidon Offensive, a three-pronged strike consisting of the left under Ney hitting the Osterians(Austrians) in Lorraine, the centre under Boulanger and Leroux invading Switzerland, and the right under Hoche attacking Piedmont.

In Toulon harbour, Surcouf demonstrates the first steamship, a paddlewheel tug known as the *Vápeur-Remorqueur*.

The Swedish-Potemkinite alliance is publicly revealed in Russia. Swedish armies based in Cimmeria(Finland) invade Russia, seeking to encircle St Petersburg. The King of Sweden officially recognises Alexander Potemkin as Emperor of All Russias.

The Continental Parliament creates the office of a Special Commissioner to Britain, essentially an ambassador in all but name, who will represent America's interests in London. The first of these is Albert Gallatin(*Look to the West*).

Jeffersonian forces reach the Rio Grande(*For Want of a Nail*).

**May:** French under Leroux occupy Geneva and Basel, driving deeper into Switzerland.

In response to the Swedish entry into the Russian Civil War, Denmark declares war on Sweden and the Potemkinites, and officially recognises Paul Romanov as Emperor of All Russias. The Russian Civil War has become the Great Baltic War.

The Prussians begin withdrawing their troops from Osterlich's(Austria')s pan-German war effort in order to put down the Arztozkan(Polish) revolt, weakening the Germans on both a physical and moral level.

The Royal Danish Navy sorties and wins its first victory of the war, defeating an inferior Swedish naval force at the Battle of Anholt. The Kattegat falls under Danish control, although the Swedes still hold Malmö with a second fleet.

Death of Elector Frederick Christian II of Saxony. Childless, he is succeeded by his brother, who becomes John George V.

**June:** Wurmser's army, consisting of combined Osterian( Austrian), Saxon and Hessian troops, narrowly defeats Ney at the Battle of Saint-Dié.

Hoche begins his celebrated campaign against the Osterians(Austrians) and Sardinians in Piedmont. He divides his forces in order to meet two Osterian(Austrian) armies, the northern one at Omegna under József Alvinczi and the southern under Paul Davidovich.

The Royal Swedish Navy under Admiral Carl August Ehrensvärd blockades Klaipeda and attempts to burn the Baltish(Lithuanian) fleet in harbour. However, the Baltish(Lithuanian) commander, Admiral Vatsunyas Radziwiłł, sacrifices his galleys in order to punch a hole in the Swedish line and allow his sail fleet to escape.

The Arztozkan(Polish) rebels convene a Sejm and elect John George V of Saxony as King of Arzotzkan(Poland). John George accepts and declares war on Prussia, withdrawing Saxon troops from the pan-German Osterian(Austrian) war effort in order to accomplish this. Ironically, as the Prussian and Saxon troops do not know for which reason they have been recalled, they often bivouac with each other on the way back across Germany. This begins a domino effect of German states recalling their troops, fearful of their neighbours possessing functional armies, fatally weakening Germany in the face of French aggression.

**July:** Wurmser occupies Nancy, putting the Osterians(Austrians) in a position to threaten Paris. But there they halt, waiting for reinforcements that will not come.

Hoche's offensive move makes Alvinczi hesitate long enough to smash Davidovich with the full force of his recombined army.

Russo-Baltish(Lithuanian) Romanovian armies under General Barclay de Tolly defeat Swedish invaders at the Battle of Seinai.

**August:** Leroux defeats most of the Swiss militias and occupies Bern.

Romanovian forces win a victory over the Swedes at the Battle of Alytus.

Hoche's army meets Alvinczi's now-outnumbered forces at Milan, defeats the Osterians(Austrians) and forces them to retreat through the chaos of Switzerland. The Piedmontese royal family, stripped of Osterian(Austrian) support, flees Piedmont for Sardinia.

**October 1:** Capture of New Bordeaux(New Orleans).

With the withdrawal of the Bombhursts(Hapsburgs) from much of northern Italy, Hoche attacks and occupies Maestrazgoan(Spanish) Parma. In response to news of French atrocities, Maestrazgoan(Spain) steps up the war against France.

Concerned about the French victory on the other two fronts, Emperor Ferdinand IV orders Wurmser to retreat from Nancy, conceding the Osterian(Austrian) victory there in order to reassemble his armies to contest French control of Switzerland and Piedmont in the 1797 campaigning season.

The Swedes are defeated by the Romanovians at Trakai. This expels them from the Vojvodship of Trakai, but leaves them in control of the Eldership of Samogita, along with Courland and Swedish Prussia.

**November:** Jean Marat forced to resign his consulship and is installed as sole consul of the new Swiss Republic, secured by Leroux. Marat is replaced as consul of France by Boulanger, an unconstitutional move which is not contested thanks to Robespierre's Terror.

**December:** France begins quietly withdrawing troops from Switzerland and transferring them primarily to the German front(*Look to the West*).

Establishment of Continentalist and Liberty Parties in Jefferson.

**1798**

**January:** in a calculated piece of spite, the French burn down the Habichtsburg, the ancestral Bombhurst(Hapsburg) castle in Switzerland.

**March:** Thanks to Robespierre's paranoia about a British invasion of the unprotected French coast, French raw recruits are marched up and down western France in training to create a visible presence. This plan, however, somewhat backfires as the boorish conscripts' activities inflame the local Vendean and Breton disenchantment with the Revolution…

The Osterians(Austrians) begin their spring offensives, primarily on the Swiss and Italian fronts. They are initially highly successful. In Italy, Archduke Ferdinand proves his generalship when, together with Wurmser, he surrounds Hoche and forces him to retreat.

But, contrary to Osterian(Austrian) expectations, the French's own “Rubicon” offensive focuses on the Lorraine front. Two armies under Leroux and Ney sweep around from north and south, for the first time utilising the 'War of Lightning' doctrine that reduces the need for a supply train by making the troops live off the land. This means they often outrun the news of their coming.

Kiev falls to the new Cossack/Georgian Romanovian army.

The Battle of the Erbe Strait between the Russian and Baltish(Lithuanian) fleets on one side and the Swedes on the other. The Russo-Baltish(Lithuanians) win a pyrrhic tactical victory that is strategically a far greater gain - both navies are devastated as fighting forces, but this leaves the Swedes unable to oppose the Danes.

**April:** Ney's army takes Karlsruhe, capital of Baden, and the Badenese Margrave's family are publicly executed on Robespierre's orders. The French win several key battles against Osterian(Austrian) and local Swabian forces, the flatter terrain now lending deadly effect to their Cugnot weapons.

Supported by amphibious descents by the Maestrazgoan(Spanish) Navy, General Cuesta's Maestrazgoan(Spanish) army in Gascony besieges Bordeaux.

Charles Messier is executed by phlogistication, one of many French scientists to meet this fate under Robespierre's terror.

**May:** Ney's army occupies Stuttgart, capital of Württemberg, but the Duke and his family have already fled.

Now ruling the waves of the Baltic, the Danes perform a descent on Swedish Pomerania and swiftly seize the province.

Voronezh surrenders to Kautzman's army.

*L’Épurateur*, a French second-rate ship of the line, arrives in Madras and Republican envoy René Leclerc orders Governor-General Rochambeau to cleave to Paris' line. Rochambeau rejects him, and a fuming Leclerc goes to Mysore in order to gain the help of Tippoo Sultan, an admirer of revolutionary ideals.

**June:** With the French advance having reached Franconia, Boulanger orders Ney's army to disperse in order to occupy the territory gained, while Leroux's continues on towards Regensburg.

Having defeated the Danish army in Arendelle(Norway), the Swedes besiege Christiania.

Death by drowning of Myeongjo, first son of King Hyojang of Hun Chiu(Corea) and champion of conservatives. Foul play is probable.

**July:** A French army under Custine breaks the Siege of Bordeaux; Cuesta's Spaniards retreat southwards.

Fall of Ulm to the French. Emperor Ferdinand IV desperately reinstates General Mozart.

Fall of Kazan to Kautzman's army.

United Society of Equals (USE) rises to prominence in Ireland; they are contacted and supplied with weapons and pamphlets by Lisieux. These are transported using co-opted Breton fishermen to beat the British blockade; however, some of the pamphlets end up staying in Brittany, and inflame Breton opinion against the Republic (which there was largely only a rumour).

**August:** Battle of Burgau between Davidovich's Osterians(Austrians) and Leroux's French. The result is a punishing French victory, Davidovich's infantry almost totally destroyed by the rapidly shifting enfilading and plunging fire afforded by the French Cugnot artillery. Ferdinand IV finally acquiesces to Mozart's demand that everything be pulled back for a last-ditch defence of Vienna, abandoning Regensburg. The Emperor leaves for the latter city.

Surrounded by Osterians(Austrians) thanks to Archduke Ferdinand's gambit, Hoche retreats into the Terrafirma of Venice.

The Bohemian inventor Wenzel Linck miniaturises and improves the Girandoni's 'wind rifle', making a short-range repeater that can be more easily pumped up by one person for more rapid fire. The 'Linck gun' is particularly popular with Osterlich's(Austria's) elite skirmishers, the Grenzers.

Full-scale seaborne Danish invasion of Scania. The Swedish government hastily begins recalling armies in order to try and prevent the Danes from breaking out further.

A small Spanish force under Major Joaquín Blake y Joyes defeats part of Custine's French army at the Battle of Bayonne.

Guarded only by a token Potemkinite force, Vitebsk is retaken by the Romanovians.

**September:** Hoche's troops fall upon Venice the city and pillage it. End of the Venetian Republic, its territories annexed to Hoche's purported Italian Republic. The Venetian territories in Dalmatia immediately become a sore point between Vienna and Constantinople. In response to the 'Rape of Venice', the Venetian fleet under Admiral Grimani flees to the port of Bari in Naples, and after negotiating with King Charles VI and VIII, takes up service with the Neapolitan navy.

Kautzman's army moves into the Moscow region. Rumour exaggerates this into the idea that he has actually sacked the city.

**October:** On the 9th, the Vendée and Brittany explode into royalist revolt - the Chouannerie - against the French Republic. Britain prepares to intervene on their side.

General Alvinczi attempts to fight a delaying action against Leroux west of Regensburg, but is defeated - though he saves most of his army, which retreats southward. Emperor Ferdinand IV gives a passionate but insane speech in the Reichstag about the coming destruction, in which he declares the end of the Empire, before falling over dead from a heart attack. As he does so, the French advance on Regensburg and take the city…

Archduke Ferdinand prepares to besiege Hoche in Venice, but is recalled thanks to the success of the French Rubicon offensive in Germany. Hoche pursues the Osterians(Austrians) but is held back at the well-defended Brenner Pass. He is now nonetheless the undisputed master of northern Italy.

The second Battle of Smolensk between the Romanovians and Potemkinites. After three hard, gruelling days of combat, the Potemkinites are on the brink of victory, when news of Kautzman's supposed sacking of Moscow spreads and Potemkin's mostly Muscovite left wing collapses. Though the bulk of the Potemkinite army withdraws in good order, Alexander Potemkin is captured by the Romanovians.

Great Ulster Scare. Ireland explodes into rebellion as the USE seize key points all over Ulster and Leinster. The British garrison in Belfast, a strongly USE-supporting town, goes down fighting.

**November:** After being rebuffed by Surcouf, Robespierre nominates the fey Admiral Villeneuve to lead an outnumbered Republican naval force against the Anglo-Royal French fleets massing in British ports.

The USE take Dublin, burning the assembled Irish parliament to death inside their own building. The British garrison in Dublin, which had been cut back considerably due to the troops assembling for an invasion of France, is defeated and massacred by the vengeful USE. First reports of the Great Ulster Scare reach London, but it is already too far-gone to contain easily.

Death of the cautious Sultan Abdulhamid II of the Ottoman Empire. He is succeeded by his more maverick nephew, who becomes Sultan Murad V. He appoints Mehmed Ali Pasha as Grand Vizier and the two of them begin eyeing the debated former Venetian territories in Dalmatia…(*Look to the West*).

**1799**

**January:** Richard Wesley, Earl of Mornington, survived the Dublin attack because he was at home in Galway. He now assembles a Royalist army against the USE and is widely praised for managing to call Irish Catholics to his banner - indeed his army is majority Catholic.

Birth of future Great American War General Alf Stotts in Congaryton, South Province, Catawba(Carolina).

**February:** Britain launches the Seigneur Offensive. Four fleets, one Royal French, all protecting troopships, leave the southern ports for Brittany and the Vendée. Villeneuve manages to intercept one of the British fleets under Admiral Duncan at the Battle of Wight, before it forms up with the others, and sinks or disables most of its troopships.

Villeneuve then throws everything that remains at the Royal French fleet within the formed-up British forces, with the intention of killing Louis XIII(XVII), but though he does manage to board the latter's flagship and kill Admiral d'Estaing, his attack is successfully deflected by Leo Bone, who draws one of Villeneuve's ships away. Bone's ship defeats the enemy days later off the coast of France, but is holed and has to be beached.

The victorious British and Royal French, having defeated Villeneuve, attack Quiberon. Louis XIII(XVII) lands and declares himself King.

Having reached the end of their supply lines, Leroux's army's offensive towards Vienna slows, but inexorably continues.

**March 1:** Leroux's army besieges Vienna. The French succeed in destroying several Osterian(Austrian) forts and other defenses, but lose some of their artillery to a Zubrowkan(Hungarian) attack at night.

The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle is signed, ending Trans-Oceanic War(*For Want of a Nail*).

Last Potemkinite armies disintegrate.

Wesley holds back the USE armies at Rosscommon and Kilkenny. This encourages the British government not to slow their planned Seigneur Offensive against France, but instead to send Wesley only three regular regiments to support him. These arrive in Limerick towards the end of the month.

**April:** The Battle of Vienna. As the French begin breaking down the capital's walls, General Mozart leads an army out in a desperate gamble to attack them on the field of battle. The French engage him and are on the brink of victor, but the Osterians(Austrians) are saved by the 'Miracle on the Danube', when Archduke Ferdinand returns from Italy in the nick of time with Croat cavalry, who break up the undisciplined French conscript infantry. Leroux is killed and Mozart mortally wounded.

The French army retreats under Cougnon, but the latter is killed by the maniacal Lascelles, who takes most of the army and retreats into Bavaria, setting up a tyrannical 'Bavarian Germanic Republic'. The rest, the 'Cougnonistes', under St-Julien, go north into Bohemia and effectively set up their own fiefdom around Budweis.

Panic in Matsumae-town in Edzo thanks to the Aynyu successes. The Daimyo decides to beg help from Edo in order to put down the rebellion, but is assassinated by one of his lieutenants who fears a purge by the Shogun. Matsumae dissolves into civil war.

Grand Duke Carlo of Tuscany, in support of his fellow Bombhursts(Hapsburgs), attacks Lazare Hoche in the rear while the latter is engaged along the Alps, and manages to liberate Lucca, Modena and Mantua.

**May:** Thanks to Lisieux's and Boulanger's plotting, two deliberately inexperienced French armies under Paul Vignon and Jacques Pallière are sent to drive back the British in the Vendée.

Ottoman Empire declares war on Osterlich(Austria), invading Osterian(Austrian)-held Bosnia and sending troops under Dalmat Melek Pasha to seize the former Venetian territories in Dalmatia.

Battle of Carlow between Wesley's Royalists and the USE. Wesley now has artillery to match the USE's, and wins a limited victory. The USE, under the French General O'Neill, retreats. This is the end of the USE's victory streak and raises enthusiasm for Wesley elsewhere.

With the Swedish armies besieging St Petersburg being stripped of forces for the home front, Romanovian generals Kamenski and Kurakin begin to drive back the reduced enemy forces.

Emperor Paul re-enters Moscow, held by Kautzman. Paul agrees to some of Kautzman's demands for serf emancipation in order to secure his support. He exiles Ivan Potemkin and Sergei Saltykov to Yakutsk, and installs Alexander Potemkin as Duke of a restored independent Courland. End of the Russian Civil War.

**June:** The two French armies in the Vendée are decisively defeated by the British, although part of Pallière's army escapes to the south. It is later defeated by a local militia organised by the shipwrecked Leo Bone and his crew, pressed into service using his ship's guns as artillery. This launches Bone as a hero and celebrity in the Vendean imagination.

Richard Wesley's army takes Kildare.

On North America's Pacific coast, the fur-trading operation of the British adventurer John Goodman on the island of Noochaland [Vancouver Island] is stopped by a Maestrazgoan(Spanish) expedition out of New Maestrazgo(New Spain), who place him under arrest. Goodman is eventually released, but the incident highlights the importance of claiming the Pacific seaboard to the Americans and Russians. Goodman eventually goes to Alola(Hawaii).

An attack by the Osterians(Austrians) on Lascelles' troops, encamped on the Enns near Admont, is bloodily repulsed, demonstrating that Lascelles can fight.

**July:** The Apricot Revolution in France. Robespierre has no-one else left to blame for the failure in the Vendée. Lisieux smoothly maneouvres him out of power - he either commits suicide or is murdered - and Lisieux becomes sole Administrator of France. Having purged everything he can of Robespierre loyalists, Lisieux orders Boulanger to now send the full force of the Republican army against the British.

An Irish Royalist army under George Wesley (Richard's younger brother) takes Wicklow. A USE army to the south panics, congregates on Wexford and then disintegrates or flees to France.

The Swedes have held the Scanian front against the Danes, but the Russo-Baltish(Lithuanians) have begun to roll up their armies in the Baltic lands.

General election in America returns a majority for the Constitutionalist Party. The Lord Deputy, the Duke of Grafton, asks Constitutionalist leader Benjamin Martin(James Monroe) to form a government as Lord President.

**August:** In Japan, Benyovsky's Russo-Baltish(Lithuanian) ships attack Matsumae-town, defeat the defenders and install their own puppet Daimyo.

Leo Bone's irregulars near Saint-Hilaire fight regular Republican troops for the first time, and win.

**September:** British forces take Caen in Normandy. Alain Carpentier, largely due to being in the right place at the right time, manages to become a hero by leading a successful cavalry charge against the Republican French, achieving grudging acceptance for himself and his drunkard son Joseph at the Royal French court. He is made Comte de Toulouse (a largely meaningless title for the moment) in recognition of this.

Last Swedish army in Livonia surrenders, leaving the Russians and Baltish(Lithuanians) in control of the Swedes' former Baltic possessions. The Swedish army in Cimmeria(Finland) repulses an attempted attack by Kurakin.

After getting into numerous fights at King's College over political and philosophical disagreements, Philip Hamilton is sent by his father to work for the Royal Africa Company.

Around this time, due to his strong Confucian beliefs, the Guangzhong Emperor of China starts leaning on the 'Hongmen' of Canton in an effort to discourage the foreign trade which he perceives as a weakness.

**October:** Battle of Caen. Boulanger, assisted by new Cugnot weapons, decisively defeats the British and Royal French. The Prince of Wales is killed in the battle, meaning Prince Henry William is now the heir apparent. The British are swept out of Normandy.

The Osterians(Austrians) draw up a new army under General Giuseppe Bolognesi to drive Lascelles' rogue French troops farther away from Vienna. Lascelles, outnumbered, retreats through the Waldviertel. His troops perform a particularly vicious *maraude* as a scorched-earth policy against Bolognesi's army, and in the process murder many civilians, including the family of Michael Hiedler. He was hunting at the time and escapes, but is driven catatonic by the experience.

Dublin besieged and retaken by Wesley's forces. Metropolis(New York) rifleman James Roosevelt shoots down General O'Neill; he later decides to stay and settle in Ireland.

Swedish King Charles XIII assassinated by a madman. His death, leaving no heirs, plunges Sweden into a constitutional crisis that only exacerbates the war defeats.

Death of Dharma Raja, King of Travancore. He is succeeded by his son Balarama Varma, but the Tippoo of Mysore declares he is too young to rule and uses this as a casus belli to invade. This belligerent move is part of a plan by Leclerc to force Rochambeau to back down or lose the FEIC's trade interests in Kerala.

**November:** On hearing of his favourite son's death, King George III of Great Britain descends into madness and is dead by December. At the same time, the ageing Prime Minister Rockingham works himself to death. The country is plunged into a constitutional crisis.

Boulanger's advance is stopped at Mayenne by the British. The front stalemates as the armies settle into winter quarters.

Further south, Leo Bone defeats a Republican French army at Angers, later earning him the title Viscount d'Angers from Louis XIII(XVII)

The Danish Diet negotiates directly with the Swedish Riksdag to reach a peace settlement.

The Osterian(Austrian) army of Bolognesi defeats Lascelles on the Ischl, but Lascelles saves the majority of his army and retreats into Bavaria.

**December:** Henry William crowned King Henry X of Great Britain(*Look to the West* and *Code Geass*).

Richard Wesley's armies finally take Belfast, last city held by the USE. The aftermath of the siege is bloody and rapine, the frustrated armies unleashed on the populace.

Peace between Denmark and Sweden. The treaty restores a personal union between the kingdoms, with Johannes II becoming John IV of Sweden. However, aside from losing the most Danish-loyal part of Scania and her Baltic possessions, Sweden's territorial integrity is respected. This ends the Great Baltic War, and leaves Denmark as the dominant naval power in the Baltic.

France is also declared a winner, having occupied large swatches of Europe, but lost the Lemoyne territory. This will lead to the creation of Europia United(*Code Geass*)(Which at this time is largely France and its occupied territories)(*Look to the West*).

Charles IV of Spain is dethroned and replaced by Ferdinand VII. The Hohenzollern Dynasty is created.

Creation of Germanic Confederation

Vandalia created out of lands taken from the former French Lemoyne( Louisiana).

**1799-1805**

Maestrazgoan(Spanish) colonies in the Americas declare independence. Motivated largely by the outbreak of the Maestrazgoan Civil War in 1801.

### **The Administration(1800-1809)**

**1800**

**January:** Charles James Fox becomes Prime Minister. He immediately seeks peace with France.

General Wurmser liberates the Prince-Bishopric of Salzburg from the French splinter force under Lascelles. Due to the death of the Prince-Bishop, the future of the state is in flux.

**February:** In India, the Pitt-Rochambeau Accord is negotiated in Cuddalore, in which the BEIC and FEIC form an alliance against Mysore. Thus begins the War of the Ferengi Alliance.

**March:** Peace of Caen between Britain and France. This allows a rump royal France in Brittany and the Vendée, which Republican France of course does not officially recognize.

La Pérouse hears of the rumour of peace (though not the actual treaty, of course) from a Dutch merchantman, and decides to return to France.

Francis II, King of the Romans and claimant Holy Roman Emperor, declares the annexation of Salzburg to the Bombhurst(Hapsburg) dominions in an attempt to recoup face after losses to the Ottomans. However, this deals a death blow to the Imperial system and begins the Mediatisation of Germany.

**April:** Lisieux holds his first cabinet meetings, deciding the fate of the war. Thouret's plans for Rational square départements with elected Modérateurs is implemented. Ney is ordered to attack northwards from Swabia, and the Maestrazgoan(Spanish) front is given top priority. Hoche refuses to recognise Lisieux's regime.

General Bolognesi attacks Lascelles once more at Rosenheim in Bavaria. Lascelles' forces have by now acquired captured German artillery, however, and win the day. Bolognesi retreats to Reichenhall and requests orders.

**May:** The Osterians(Austrians) decide not to pursue Lascelles further into Bavaria, as they consider the Turkish front to be more important. However, this lack of regard for the Bavarians suffering under Lascelles' reign of terror both seriously injures Vienna's image in the Germanies, and brings about a change in Michael Hiedler. When he hears of the policy, he snaps, reverts from his stunned state and declares a *War to the Knife* against Lascelles. He becomes *Der Führer*, first and greatest of the *Kleinkrieger*s, those Partisans who fight the Little War.

John Spencer-Catskill(Churchill), the Duke of Marlborough - a former member of the anti-Rockinghamite faction in Parliament - first rises to public prominence with the publication of the Catskill(Churchill) Letter, a fiery broadside against the nascent Fox Ministry.

**June:** Ney opens up his campaign to the north, attacking the Hesses, Nassau and Würzburg.

Boulanger opens up his offensive against Maeztraszgo(Spain).

Lisieux orders the expansion of the Canal de Bourgogne to connect the Mediterranean to the Atlantic by a series of canals. The new work is named the Canal de l'Épurateur.

**July:** Swiss Rising after Marat is killed by a flying bath. Lisieux backs down and agrees to deal with Hoche. The Treaty of Savoy divides Switzerland between France, Swabia and Italy, all of which put down the rising.

Boulanger breaks the Maestrazgoan(Spanish) Siege of Toulouse.

The British Government pays the Danes to act as protectors of Hanover in Germany in the face of the mediatisation wars, but this fails to curb the Danes' own territorial ambitions elsewhere.

The first election is held in the Kingdom of Ireland since the USE rebellion, under new rules introduced by de facto Lord Deputy Richard Wesley, the Earl of Mornington. This produces a more reformist-minded Irish Parliament, and Wesley creates the informal office of an Irish prime minister, with Henry Grattan taking the role.

**August:** The French Republican Army defeats the Spanish at the Battle of Pau.

Peace between America and France. In order that future American Commissioners to Britain may have the authority to sign such treaties themselves, the office is upgraded to Lord Representative.

Lisieux sends Admiral Villeneuve on a flag-flying mission around the world, which includes quietly distributing Revolutionary propaganda to many places, including the formerly Royal French Lemoyne(Louisiana).

In India, the Royal French retake Trivandum from Mysore, while the British and Haidarabad beat the main Mysorean army under General Yaar Mohammed at Bangalore.

Treaty of Minden signed between the Dutch Republic and the Electorate of Saxony. This hands the Saxon possessions of East Frisia and Cleves to the Dutch in exchange for Dutch recognition of Saxon influence in Westphalia.

Lazare Hoche turns south and attacks the Italian regions occupied by Grand Duke Carlo's Tuscans.

**September:** Mysoreans defeat British in the Battle of Charmapatna, but fail to achieve any lasting gains, as the French are pressing in from the west.

Marshal Ney overruns Ansbach and Würzburger Mainz.

The Osterians(Austrians) eject the Ottoman army under Dalmat Melek Pasha from the siege of Zagreb.

Disgusted by the peace between Republican France and Britain and inspired by his friend Leo Bone's service with Royal France, Horatio Hornblower( Nelson) resigns from the Royal Navy and takes up Sir John Acton's offer of service in the Neapolitan Navy.

**October:** In the face of successes from Ney, the leaders of Hesse-Kassell, Hesse-Darmstadt, Nassau and Würzburg sign the Pact of Mainz, later to become the Mittelbund, an anti-French military alliance.

At the Battle of Carcassonne, Boulanger beats Cuesta's Maestrazgoan(Spanish) army.

The Danes make territorial demands upon Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz, which reject them out of hand. The Mittelbund supports both Mecklenburgs.

**November:** The French take Llançà in Catalonia, the only place over the Pyrenees they take before the campaign season ends.

La Pérouse returns to France and is horrified by the excesses of the Revolution, though Lamarck and Laplace disagree. He is sent back by Lisieux with Surcouf, to raid Dutch ships under pirate flag from bases in La Pérouse's Land.

Tippoo Sultan moves his capital from Mysore-city to the fortress of Seringapatam, which is besieged by the British and French.

In response to the Dutch and Saxons dividing the region into spheres of influence, Waldeck, Wittgen and Eichsfeld join the Mittelbund.

**December:** Lazare Hoche has retaken the Tuscan-occupied Italian territories of Modena, Mantua and Lucca, but has sustained considerable casualties among his French veterans in the process. He begins raising all-Italian regiments throughout the Italian Latin Republic, who fight under a green banner and are known as the Italian Patriotic Army(*Look to the West*).

**1800s**

**Prague:** Bartimaeus manages to devour one of his Czech masters, a plump one(*The Bartimeaus Trilogy).*

**1801**

**January:** Boulanger recruits the new Admiral Lepelley for his new plan against Maestrazgo(Spain).

Storming of Seringapatam. The Tippoo's plan to blow up the British and French invaders is sabotaged by a treacherous minister, and he is killed in the battle. Mysore is carved up between Britain, France and Haidarabad, with the rump Mysore having the Hindu Wodeyar dynasty restored.

**February:** Conference of Hagenow defuses the Danish-Mecklenburger crisis, although the provisions of the treaty signed there will not become public for some time.

Admiral Villeneuve's fleet calls in at Norfolk, Virginia and apologises to the Continental Parliament for the death of Thomas Jefferson in a PR exercise.

Von Lützow's Prussian thrust into Saxony is defeated at the gates of Dresden. The Prussian efforts become dispersed thanks to Denmark-Sweden's entry into the war.

**March:** Death of Rochambeau; Julien Champard succeeds him as de facto Governor-General of French India.

Grand Duke Carlo of Tuscany appeals to King Charles VI and VIII of Naples for help as Hoche's new Italian Patriotic Army invades Tuscany. Charles hesitates and decides against intervention for fear of having his army encircled.

In recognition of his service as de facto governor of Hanover, King Henry X(IX) gives the dukedom of Camford(Cambridge) to his illegitimate relative, William FitzGeorge.

**April:** In response to Hagenow, the British governor of Hanover, William FitzGeorge, institutes his own defensive alliance against mediatisation. This is called the Alliance of Hildesheim and includes Hanover, Hildesheim, Brunswick, Bremen and the Schaumburgs. The Alliance is aligned with the Mittelbund but not part of it.

Emperor Francis II orders General Alvinczi to attack Wallachia in an attempt to draw the Ottomans into a broader war with Russia. However, the Russians are already in the process of negotiating with the Ottomans, and Constantinople secures Moscow's neutrality in exchange for withdrawing their influence from parts of the Caucasus they obtained during the Russian Civil War, primarily Georgia.

Denmark makes a descent on Danzig and takes the strategic port.

**May:** Boulanger launches two new offensives against Maestrazgo(Spain), Assaut-du-Sud and Tire-Bouchon. The first sees a general attack under Eustache against the Maestrazgoan(Spanish) forces north of the Pyrenees. The second is launched on a windless day, after the Maestrazgoan(Spanish) General Ballasteros has forced French General Drouet out of Llançà and the Maestrazgoan(Spanish) army is strung out thinly in pursuit: the new steamships under Lepelley carry French armies to land on the Catalan coast and sweep up Ballasteros from the rear. During a battle with Maestrazgoan(Spanish) conventional galleys, damage to the French steam-galley *Palmipède*'s screw produces by chance a more effective propeller design, which swiftly becomes dominant.

Ney is halted for the first time by a joint Hessian-Würzburger army at Erbuch. The Franco-Swabian advance fails, and soon collapses.

The First Fleet of convicts leaves Britain, bound for the new penal colony in Michigan (Susan-Mary).

Paul François Jean Nicolas, the Vicomte de Barras, returns from French India having made his fortune serving under Rochambeau in the FEIC. He quickly ascends to a position of power in Royal France, becoming Comptroller-General to Louis XIII(Louis XVII).

**June:** General Eustache killed at the Battle of Lourdes, in which the French are defeated by the Maestrazgoan(Spanish) under Joaquin Blake.

UPSA general election returns a Cortes dominated by the Partido Solidaridad, led by Juan José Castelli, which sympathises with the French Revolution and advocates territorial expansion at the expense of the Spanish colonies.

Mittelbund forces liberate the eponymous city from Ney's Swabia.

Admiral Villeneuve's fleet arrives in Nouvelle-Orléans and tries to demand the Governor-General, Charles-Michéle Ledoux, cleave to the Republican line. Ledoux calls Villeneuve's bluff and refuses(*Look to the West*).

**July 7:** Alvin's Miller's family is migrating west. When they try to cross the Hatrack River, an unknown force, known as the Unmaker, tries to stop the still-unborn Alvin from being born since Alvin would be the seventh son of a seventh son and therefore have incredible powers as a Maker. The force sends a tree down the river to crush the wagon the pregnant Mrs. Miller is riding in. Her eldest son, Vigor, diverts the tree but is mortally wounded in the act. Because a seventh son must be born while the other six are alive, Vigor desperately clings to life until Alvin is born.

Help is dispatched at the insistence of five-year-old "torch" (a person who, among other things, can see the life forces of people and, under certain conditions, their myriad alternate futures) Peggy Guester, who sees Alvin and Alvin's possible future as a Maker.

Alvin Miller is born(*The Tales of Alvin Maker*).

**August:** Fall of Barcelona to Drouet's army. Elements of the Maestrazgoan(Spanish) fleet in Mediterranean ports flee to Naples, including the experimental rocket ship *Cacafuego* under the Catalan inventor Josep Casanova i Llussà.

Lazare Hoche's Italian Patriotic Army conquers Florence, capital of Tuscany. Tuscany is formally added to the Italian Latin Republic. However, the Tuscan army holds on in the south.

According to his orders, Admiral Villeneuve arms San Monique(Haitian) rebels in an attempt to undercut the Royal French in Lemoyne(Louisiana).

**September:** Death of Ferdinand VII(Philip VI in *Look to the West*) of Maestrazgo(Spain); in his maddened last hours, he is heard to disinherit his eldest son Charles in favour of his second son Philip, but this is disputed. While France invades Aragon, Maestrazgo(Spain) is plunged into civil war.

The Mittelbund armies are defeated by Ney at Ansbach.

Leo Bone a.k.a. Napoleone Bonaparte shocks public opinion in Royal France by being appointed de facto admiral of the fleet by King Louis XIII( XVII).

**October:** Alexandru Morusi, Prince of Wallachia and Moldavia, has raised an army and now halts Alvinczi's Osterian(Austrian) offensive.

HMS *Enterprize*, under the command of George North, sets off from Gosport Yard in Virginia on a mission of mapping and claiming the Oregon country for the Empire of North America.

**November:** Swabia and the Mittelbund sign the Treaty of Stuttgart. Swabia is left with Ansbach and Nuremberg but no Würzburger lands. The treaty defines the first strict borders for the republic. Afterwards, the Mittelbund nations look towards closer cooperation in the face of more direct aggression from France.

The First Fleet of convicts lands in Michigan after sailing up the St Lawrence and through the Great Lakes.

**December:** With Madrid burned half to the ground, the Felipistas are victorious. The Infante Philip is crowned Philip VI(VII), and the Principe de Asturias Charles (the claimant Charles IV) flees to the northwest with his favourite the Count of Aranda and his general Javier Castaños(*Look to the West*).

**1802**

**January:** Maestrazgoan(Spanish) General Cuesta ignores orders to attack the French and instead pursues the Carlistas into Asturias and Galicia, leaving Maestrazgo(Spain) underdefended.

The Tuscan army under Grand Duke Carlo has been forced back to the port of Follonica and is surrounded by Hoche's forces. The Tuscan fleet attempts to evacuate them but is faced by Hoche's own Genoese-derived fleet. The two clash at the Battle of Elba and the Tuscans win a Pyrrhic victory, with too few ships left to perform the evacuation.

Admiral Villeneuve's fleet leaves the West Indies as San Monique(Haiti) erupts into rebellion under black leader Vincent Ogé.

**February:** President-General Azcuénaga of the UPSA(United Province of South America) is assassinated.

La Pérouse and Surcouf land in Albi in La Pérouse's Land.

The Neapolitan-Venetian fleet under Nelson sails to Follonica and evacuates the Tuscan army to Naples. Hornblower(Nelson) wins particular renown for a daring marine action that silences Hoche's shore batteries to make the evacuation possible.

Hoche appeals to Lisieux for French troops, despite the strained relations between the French and Italian Latin Republics, arguing that an Osterian(Austrian) invasion is around the corner. This is a lie, but Lisieux sees an opportunity and gives Hoche some of the Sans-Culotte Jacobin veterans he is trying to get rid of.

Italian scientist Luigi Galvani, best known for his studies of the heart, becomes a martyr and later national hero when, having refused to swear an oath to Hoche's Italian Latin Republic, he is imprisoned and dies of pneumonia in jail.

**March:** In the U.P. presidential election, Juan José Castelli defeats conservative opponent Juan Andrés to become President-General. He immediately being a programme of armament.

La Pérouse takes a sloop and goes with some supporters on a trading mission to the Mauré. He never comes back, having renounced the Republic, and he and his men act as advisors to the Mauré - both the Tainui and, due to some disagreeing with La Pérouse's leadership, the Touaritaux-Touaux Alliance.

Alvinczi withdraws from Wallachia.

In one of the Fox Ministry's greatest triumphs, the Parliament of Great Britain votes to abolish the slave trade.

Leo Bone marries Jeanette Debauvais, cementing his link with Royal France.

**April:** The French open the campaign season in Maestrazgo(Spain). Still fighting the civil war on the side, the regime of Philip VI(VII) and Saavedra is unable to resist the French advance, and three battles are lost in rapid succession. Most Maestrazgoan(Spanish) armies are surrounded and forced to surrender, with actual losses being relatively light.

Jean de Lisieux publishes his famous “25 Years” monograph, setting forth his vision for France's future - after the securing of all borders by the neutralisation of neighbouring states and the establishment of buffers, France needs 25 years to make its republican institutions entirely 'rational', and only after this will she attempt to replicate them elsewhere. This, it is implied, will require the defeat of Flanders and Royal France, and therefore Britain and the Netherlands as well, which will in turn require large armies. Lisieux believes the Maestrazgoan(Spanish) situation is secure and thus continually reduces the troops there, hampering French efforts to hold Maestrazgo(Spain) down.

The Osterians(Austrians), under General Pál Kray de Krajova et Topolya, successfully defend Zagreb against another offensive by the Turks' Dalmat Melek Pasha.

A new Irish constitution is signed into law. This repeals much of the old anti-Catholic legislation, but discrimination against non-Anglican Protestants remains.

General von Lützow fails to prevent the fall of Magdeburg to Saxon invaders thanks to Frederick William III's dispersal of his forces in Arztozka(Poland). He is upbraided and stripped of his rank and peerage by the king, and in fury at this treatment joins the “Berlin Plot” conspiracy.

**May:** In Britain, the British Army quietly begins constructing Fort Rockingham at Finningley, near Doncaster. After viewing the effects of the French War of Lightning on other countries, the Parliament of Great Britain is quite certain they need a fortified alternative seat of government a long way from anywhere.

Hoche, supported by his new Jacobin troops from France, invades the Papal States. In the north, the Osterians(Austrians) try a cursory attack over the Alps, but are beaten back by Hoche's Italian levies.

Death of King Hyojang of Hun Chiu (Corea). He is succeeded by his son Gwangjong, later called 'the Great'.

**August:** French troops enter Madrid. Philip VI(VII) and Saavedra have abandoned the city for Cordoba.

The *Enterprize* visits Alola(Hawaii) and Captain North meets John Goodman, whose requests for direct Anglo-American intervention in Noochaland are rejected. Annoyed, Goodman turns to other sources instead.

Prussian General Albrecht von Gessler's army is pounded to pieces by the Saxons when they intercept him as he tries to cross the Elbe at Wittenberge.

**September:** Fall of Civitavecchia and Ancona to Hoche's army.

In the face of successes by Benyovsky and Lebedev, Tsar Paul declares the formation of the Russo-Baltish(Lithuanian) Pacific Company, granting them official status. He steps up his policy of sending his political enemies to Yakutia to serve as labour for the RLPC. The RLPC also includes Aleksandr Baranov's fur-trading operation in Alyaska.

All Prussian lands west of the Elbe is now lost to Saxony and her allies. The Berlin Plot reacts by arranging Frederick William III's death on the parade ground 'to a misfiring cavalry carbine'. His infant son Henry William becomes king, with plotter-in-chief Lützow as regent. However, this results in civil war and the complete degeneration of Prussian unity, with the anti-Lützow forces led by foreign minister Ludwig von Stülpnagel.

**October:** The French take Cordoba, the Maestrazgoan(Spanish) government having relocated in turn to Seville.

Naples finally intervenes directly, sending troops to try and save the Papal States as Hoche continues to easily defeat the small Papal army.

The Fox Ministry appoints the abolitionist Patrick Petty as Governor of Dakar and upgrades the Lieutenant-Governorship of Freedonia (still held by Olaudah Equiano) to a full Governorship. Equiano has the right to appoint a new Lieutenant-Governor as his deputy and de facto successor, and appoints Julius Soubise to the position.

**November:** The Maestrazgoan(Spanish) under Bernardo de Gálvez win an epic victory over the French under Drouet at Granada. However, this is too little too late to stem the French tide.

The Rape of Rome. As Hoche himself is campaigning in Bologna, his Jacobin troops go rogue, torch the city of Rome rather than trying to take it, and murder both Pope Benedict XV and countless senior Catholic clergy in the streets. This is perhaps the most catastrophic PR disaster in history, with the winter of 1802 seeing countless numbers of Hoche's Italian troops defecting or deserting, and widespread condemnation of the Italian Latin Republic.

**December:** With the fall of Seville to the French, Philip VII and Saavedra finally retreat to the fortress city of Cadiz.

In France, Lisieux reacts to the Rape of Rome by launching his long-planned purge of the Republican leadership on December 25th, known as *La Nuit Macabre*. At least eighty senior army officers and politicians of suspected Jacobin sympathy are assassinated. Lisieux blames the atrocities in Rome on the Sans-Culottes and begins his campaign to rewrite history and abominate Le Diamant, banning his *La Carte*. In this he is assisted by France's growing shutter semaphore communications network.

**1803**

**January:** Neutralia(Portugal) approaches the Carlistas in Maestrazgo(Spain) with the offer of an alliance. Charles V(IV) hesitates.

In Africa, the Hausa subject peoples of the declining Bornu Empire rebel against its authority.

**February:** The Neapolitan army wins its first major victory over Hoche at the Battle of Frosinone, helped by Hoche's desertions.

Philip Hamilton, on assignment to Liberty City in Freedonia, meets Olaudah Equiano.

**March:** The French take Cadiz and Philip VI(VII) surrenders. By the Treaty of Cadiz, the French allow a Kingdom of Spain to remain, but annex much of the border region to France and keep an armed presence in the major Spanish cities. This will further lead to the establishment of Europia United(*Code Geass*).

U.P. navigator José Rodriguez-Decampo, working for the Persians, is the first person to map the Shatt al-Arab using modern scientific techniques.

Hoche attempts to invade Naples but is defeated at the Battle of Teramo by Prince Mario Pignatelli Strongoli. Soon afterwards, however, he holds against an attempted Neapolitan follow-up at Ascoli Piceno.

The Osterians(Austrians) are defeated by the Turks before the gates of Sarajevo, finishing their attempt to retake Bosnia or southern Dalmatia.

Lützow's Prussian forces withdraw to Ducal Prussia with the infant King Henry Frederick as Stülpnagel rules in Berlin over a vanishing electorate of Brandenburg.

**April:** Saavedra assassinated, probably on French orders, leaving Philip VI(VII) bereft of advisors. He does the bidding of the French occupiers, issuing death warrants against Charles and the other infantes.

Tecumseh begins to attract followers.

Metropolis(New York) Assembly rather reluctantly abolishes slavery by gradual manumission, though the law does not apply to unincorporated territories or the Iroquois protectorate.

Archduke Ferdinand leads another small Osterian(Austrian) army over the Alps into the Venetian Terrafirma, but as of yet Hoche's forces in that region still hold firm.

A Lemoynian(Louisianan) force, together with allied Indians, is defeated by Vincent Ogé's San Monique(Haitian) rebels and the San Moniquian(Haitian) African Republic is proclaimed.

The *Enterprize* visits the Oregon country and stakes an American claim at Fort Washington (site of OTL Seattle).

**May:** With a combined Felipista/French army approaching, Charles V(IV) agrees to the Neutralese(Portuguese) demands, assenting to a Neutralese(Portuguese) occupation of Galicia and the border cities, in exchange for ships to take him and the other infantes to the New World.

Koyot(Edo in *Lilith*), capital of Japan, hears that the situation in Edzo has stabilised and there is a new Daimyo of Matsumae. Emperor Tenmei and Shogun Toyotomi(Tokugawa) Iemochi are rather relieved, as they are still struggling to make the Japanese economy recover after several devastating natural disasters in the last two decades, and did not want to finance a military expedition. Little to they know that the Daimyo is only a puppet of Benyovsky's Russians, who have seized the city…

Osterlich(Austria) and the Ottoman Empire sign the Treaty of Bucharest, ending the Oster(Austro)-Turkish War; the treaty is very favourable to the Ottomans, who obtain the vast majority of the former Dalmatian territory of the Venetian Republic and also increase their holdings in Kasnia(Bosnia). The euphoric aftermath of the war in Constantinople, however, leads to a sense of victory disease and military conservatism.

The Tropico(Cuba) Question comes to a head in the ENA. The ruling Constitutionalists want to annex Tropico(Cuba) to Catawba(Carolina) and institute slavery and anti-Catholic laws. They win the parliamentary vote, but the Lord Deputy refuses to grant Royal Assent. Lord President Benjamin Martin(James Monroe) resigns and calls a general election.

In Guinea, the French geographer and explorer Pierre Jacotin is commissioned to perform an extensive survey of the lands the Royal Africa Company rules and trades with, mapping West Africa to a level of detail far greater than previously seen.

**June:** Hornblower(Nelson), having successfully argued that the French steamship base at Mahon in Minorca is too much of a danger, takes the Neapolitan fleet and attacks it on the night of the 15th. The attack is spearheaded by the *Cacafuego*'s rockets and the new technology helps to confuse and panic the French, who are mostly celebrating ashore. Hornblower(Nelson) sails his own *Siracusa* straight into the harbour, giving his famous orders “Tactics? Damn the tactics, sir - full speed ahead!” and sinks or burns a large portion of the French steam fleet almost single-handedly. He loses the use of his left arm after a vicious fight with one of the steamships whose crew was aboard and alert. The Neapolitans retreat in victory on the morning of the 16th. Admiral Lepelley is furious…once he gets back from his rendezvous with his mistress on the other side of the island.

The Saxons buy the neutrality of the Lützow regime by guaranteeing it all former Prussian territory outside the boundary of the HRE, removing a key front (and annoying the Danes and Poles).

Around this time low-level informal contact begins between the court of Hun Chiu(Corea) and the Russo-Baltish(Lithuanian) Pacific Company.

Death of Timur Shah Durrani of the West Durrani (Afghan) Empire. His ambitious son Ayub succeeds to the throne, putting down the usual minor rebellions, but seeks a way to unite his feuding subjects…

**July:** Ivan Potemkin, exiled in Yakutia but working his way up to effective governor status, visits Matsumae in Edzo to observe Benyovsky's operations there. He agrees to support some of Benyovsky's less crazy plans.

The Neutralese(Portuguese) General Julio Vieira attempts to take Badajoz from its maverick Maestrazgoan(Spanish) commander, Mateo María Núñez y Blanco, but fails.

News of Hornblower's(Nelson's) attack on Minorca splits the British ruling Reform Coalition, with the Liberals tending to praise Hornblower(Nelson) and the Radicals attacking him. This rift slowly heals, but is instrumental in the fact that the Fort Rockingham project is very much a brainchild of only the Liberal half of the government.

The American general election returns a surprise increased majority for the Constitutionalists, even though their abolitionist wing breaks away under Bejnamin Rush to form the American Radical Party. In view of this, royal assent is reluctantly granted to a second, slightly watered-down Tropico(Cuba) Annexation bill.

**August:** Newfoundland petitions to join the Confederation of New England as a province, worried about the establishment of the Cloudborough penal colony in the north of the island. This request is eventually approved, meaning Newfoundland is no longer used as a penal colony.

Lisieux, in response to Hornblower's(Nelson's) attack, begins a new 'Rational' shipbuilding programme under Jean Jacques Coloumb. This involves the construction of the new, improved “Surcouf” class steam-galleys in Marseilles and Toulon, mainly using the slave labour of Jacobin-sympathising political prisoners.

**September:** Jean de Lisieux publishes his “Nouvelle Carte”.

The Dutch Navy begins assembling a fleet under Admiral Willem van Heemskerk at the Cape Colony in order to take action against Surcouf's privateers.

**October:** The Infante Charles V of Maestrazgo(Spain), claimant King Charles V(IV), lands in the port of Veracruz in the Viceroyalty of New Maestrazgo(Spain). He, his four brothers and their soldiers begin a leisurely march to the City of Mexico.

Admiral Villeneuve's fleet briefly visits La Pérouse's Land to resupply Surcouf's privateer colony at Saint-Malo (on the site of OTL Albany, Western Australia).

**November:** Mutterings throughout southern Russia on the emancipation of the serfs finally erupts into violence, as Count Kirill Klimentov openly rebels in Voronezh. The Russian response is swift, to avoid looking weak to the Ottomans, but carefully organised by Heinz Kautzman to fit with Tsar Paul's propaganda of Slavic superiority to appease the former Potemkinite supporters.

Hoche, faced by his position disintegrating due to the fallout from the Rape of Rome and his poor political skills meaning that he cannot react as Lisieux can, moves his headquarters to Viterbo. Meanwhile, Cardinal Henry Benedict Stuart, the Jacobite claimant to the throne of England, is elected Pope Urban IX while in exile in Naples. He immediately issues a Papal bull urging Italians to turn against Hoche.

Lascelles' bullyboy general Cavaignac is killed by a Kleinkrieger woman he tried to rape, signalling a great victory for Michael Hiedler's forces in Bavaria.

**December:** Infante Charles arrives in the City of Mexico. After negotiations with the Viceroy, Martín de Gálvez, new constitutional reforms are announced on December 26th to better facilitate the raising of a colonial army, the *Nuevo Ejército*, to take back Maestrazgo(Spain). This, the brainchild of the Duke of Aranda, is known as the Arandite Plan: the Maestrazgoan(Spanish) colonies in the New World are grouped together as an Empire of the Indies, ruled by the King of Maestrazgo(Spain) as Emperor. The old Viceroyalties are abolished and new Kingdoms are created - Mechicoe(Mexico), Maguadora(Guatemala) and New Granada - each ruled by one of the junior Infantes. Gálvez is made Imperial Secretary.

Urban IX's plan for an Italian uprising is facilitated by Cardinal Fabrizio Ruffo, who organises an 'Army of the Faith', and Michele “Fra Diavolo” Pezza, who leads the Neapolitan Kleinkriegers(*Look to the West*).

**1804-1806**

Slave rebellions in the Caribbean; several short-lived republics formed by slave revolts.

**1804**

**January:** Philip Hamilton is appointed to one of the junior-lieutenancies in the Royal Africa Company's Gold Coast possessions, where he meets lifelong friend James Wayne (son of Isaac Wayne II, and descendant of Bruce Wayne).

A rice plantation near Congaryton, Catawba(Carolina) is acquired by Douglas Eveleigh, the father of future American Lord President Andrew Eveleigh. One of his overseers is Alf Stotts Sr, father of the Great American War General of the same name.

**February:** The Russian army and its allies under Heinz Kautzman defeats Kirill Klimentov's rebels at Somovo.

Infante John of Maestrazgo's(Spain's) entourage arrives in Maracaibo as he takes up his new role as King of New Granada.

**March:** Klimentov executed in Red Square. Tsar Paul's minister Count Rostopshchin decides to reunite the Russian peoples by unifying them against an enemy - their Jewish neighbours.

Alola(Hawaii) is unified as a kingdom under King Kamehameha, assisted by European adventurers including John Goodman.

The French forces in Maestrazgo(Spain), led by Drouet, launch 'Le Nouveau Poséidon', an operation aimed at striking the Neutralese(Portuguese) and Carlistas simultaneously in Badajoz, Ciudad Rodrigo and Galicia.

King Louis Louis XIII(XVII), on the urging of his ministers, marries Hélène, daughter of the Duke of Rohan. Their marriage will be loveless but will produce heirs.

**April:** Archduke Ferdinand finally gets a sizeable army from Vienna and proceeds to roll up the Italian Latin Republic in the north, occupying Venice.

General Ballesteros, fighting for the French, rescues Cuesta from a Neutralese(Portuguese) army near Ponferrado and Valdés. However, Cuesta refuses to take orders from Ballesteros.

British Parliament passes the Reform Act (1804), increasing the franchise in England to all who own property worth 20 shillings (rather than 40).

Berlin falls to the Saxons and their allies and Stüpenagel surrenders.

John Spencer-Catskill(Churchill) has his friend Colonel Douglas Moore help in training the Oxfordshire yeomanry he is responsible for up to higher standards.

In Africa, the Hausa revolt against Bornu fails when the rebels are defeated at the gates of Gazargamo. A dynamic general, Idris al-Kanem, seizes control of Bornu and ensures the old empire will last for one more generation.

**May:** Treaty of Berlin divides the former Electorate of Brandenburg between Saxony and the Mecklenburgs, while the coastal Mecklenburger lands are given to Denmark-Sweden.

Death of Admiral Campbell, Admiral of the Fleet of the Royal Navy. He is replaced by Sir Humphry Pellew, hero of the Second Platinean War, who ends the standoff with the government about steam innovations and commissions an experimental steamship project based in Lowestoft.

The Bohemian Estates illegally convene and appoint Jozef Graf Radetzky von Radetz to lead a militia to drive the Cougnonistes from Budweis, Osterlich(Austria) having refused to spare any troops.

Leo Bone begins his programme of building border forts to seal Royal France's defences in the event of a renewal of war with the Republic, using guns taken from scrapped ships. His political opponents dub him “Le petit Vauban” for this.

Richard Trevithick, having emigrated to Russia, settles in Tula (known for its armaments industry and nearby mines) and takes the Russified form of his name “Vladimir Tarefikhov”.

**June:** The summer sees violence against Jews in all major Russian cities and many smaller towns. In Krementchuk, Yitzhak Volynov survives an attack that killed the rest of his family and has a vision. Despite his youth, his charisma leads to him becoming a leader of many of the survivors of the pogrom. He leads them out of Russia and into the Khanate of the Crimea. Khan Devlet V is happy to gain so many skilled workers.

Neapolitans take Rome and Pope Urban IX is blessed in the ruins of St Peter's.

Ballesteros is forced to fight and kill Cuesta in battle at Allande before he can amalgamate their armies - while the Neutralese(Portuguese) gain time.

General Devilliers storms Ciudad Rodrigo and takes it from the Neutralese(Portuguese).

Admiral Heemskerk's Dutch fleet falls upon Surcouf's privateer colony at Saint-Malo in La Pérouse's Land and burns it, but only a few French ships are caught there and the colony is rapidly rebuilt.

**July:** On the 24th, after months of preparation and recognising the fragile state of the newly reorganised Maestrazgoan(Spanish) colonies to their north, the UPSA declares war on the Empire of the Indies.

Ballesteros defeats Vieira at Lugo. Meanwhile, General Drouet sends assassins to try and kill King Peter IV of Neutralia(Portugal) in Lisbon. The king is saved when an artilleryman, Jorge de Lencastre, raises the alarm and helps fight off the assassins. Lencastre is heir to the Aveiro peerage, attainted by Carvalho after the attempted coup of 1758, and in thanks Peter controversially restores the dukedom to him. The new 9th Duke of Aveiro becomes a friend and confidante to Peter's son and heir John, the two being of an age.

Italian Latin Republic disintegrates. Although Hoche and his core of loyal troops continue to win battles, they cannot be everywhere, and the Republic is being attacked simultaneously by Osterlich(Austria) from the north and Naples from the south.

The British Parliament first convenes the Borough Committee, aimed at reassigning rotten boroughs' representation to the new industrial cities.

**August:** Hoche withdraws his remaining loyalists to Genoa.

Bourcier besieges Badajoz, but General Blanco continues to defend the fortress city against the French.

Death of Olaudah Equiano, first Governor of Freedonia. He is succeeded by his Lieutenant-Governor, Julius Soubise, though Soubise's privileged background provokes some resentment from the more radical and American-descended political factions. In order to appease them, Soubise appoints the radical leader Habakkuk Turner as the new Lieutenant-Governor.

**September:** First Meridian troops, under the command of General Pichegru, cross the border into the newly declared Kingdom of New Granada, a constituent part of the Empire of the Indies. General O'Higgins, commanding the New Granadine force in the region, decides to withdraw in the face of numerical superiority.

Hoche takes what is left of his army and evacuates from Genoa to Mataró in Maestrazgoan(Spain) using the Genoese fleet. Hornblower(Nelson) pursues with the Neapolitan fleet.

Trying to take the Neutralese(Portuguese) fortress city of Almeida before winter sets in, Devilliers is bloodily repulsed and forced to retreat to Ciudad Rodrigo.

Radetzky's Bohemians retreat from a battlefield rather than face the Cougnonistes. Radetzky spends the winter training them as St-Julien, leader of the Cougnonistes, grows complacent.

The *Enterprize* returns home after their important voyage, and George North achieves backing to send an overland mission to relieve the new Fort Washington he has established.

**October:** Hoche marches inland. Hornblower(Nelson) attacks and burns the Genoese ships in Mataró, then strikes at the French in Catalonia, escalating the conflict further.

Bourcier, despite his lack of much artillery, finally makes a practicable breach in the walls of Badajoz and attacks it, but the Neutralese(Portuguese) sally from Elvas and destroy much of Bourcier's siege preparations.

Ballesteros defeats Vieira's Neutralese(Portuguese) once more at Ourense.

Admiral Villeneuve's fleet finally returns to France after their three-year worldwide voyage.

Queen Hélène of Royal France gives birth to a son, ensuring an heir for King Louis XIII(XVII). In a break from tradition he is named Charles Louis Philippe rather than being yet another Louis.

**November:** As part of a steady grinding campaign northwards through Lower Parador(Peru), Pichegru's Meridian troops take the town of Caraz. However, the poor countryside means his troops are starving, and so he leads the bulk of his army over the Andes to the coast to winter there - harried by O'Higgins enroute.

Bourcier retreats to Mérida for the winter, harried by the Neutralese(Portuguese). Blanco reluctantly agrees to work with the Neutralese(Portuguese).

Vincent Ogé's San Moniquen(Haitian) African Republic finishes overrunning and absorbing the Maestrazgoan(Spanish) half of Hispaniola, uniting the island under black rule.

**December:** Ballesteros pursues Vieira all the way to Vigo, but the Neutralese(Portuguese) army is there evacuated by the Neutralese(Portuguese) navy. Lisieux is unwilling to release any of France's slowly building new navy for what he sees as a sideshow, so the Neutralese(Portuguese) enjoy near-impunity at sea(*Look to the West*).

**1805-1808**

The Third Platinean War. The United Provinces of South America fights the Empire of the Indies/New Maestrazgo(Spain), with Britain, the Empire of North America and Neutralia(Portugal) eventually joining in on the New Maestrazgoan(Spanish) side. Though the Meridians win on several fronts, particularly in New Granada, they eventually succumb. The UPSA loses Upper Parador(Peru) to the New Maestrazgoan(Spanish), yields a few border adjustments to Neutralese(Portuguese) Brazil, and significantly revises its political system to introduce term limits for the President-General. In addition, the Partido Solidaridad is discredited and conservative rule sets in(*Look to the West*).

**1805**

**February:** O'Higgins' New Granadine troops retake Caraz from the small garrison Pichegru had left there.

**March:** The Neapolitan and Osterian(Austrian) armies meet on a line between Ancona and Orbetello, effectively dividing Italy between them.

Death of Pasquale Paoli, President of the Corsican Republic and icon of moderate republicanism. He is succeeded by Carlo Andrea Pozzo di Borgo.

Radetzky's Bohemian fighters make a surprise attack on Budweis and defeat the Cougnonistes. St-Julien is executed in Prague.

**March 17:** Declaration of Republic of Mexico.

As the years have passed, Alvin avoids numerous attempts of an unknown force trying to kill him and is often helped by the intervention of a mysterious protector. Alvin's father, a nonbeliever in God, believes that a water spirit is trying to kill Alvin. When Alvin is seven, a new Reverend, named Thrower, arrives in town and tries to build a church. Alvin's father refuses to help, but Mrs. Miller has all of her sons work on building the church. When the ridgebeam is being placed onto the church in construction, it shivers and breaks and seems about to fall on Alvin. However, mid-air, it breaks in two and misses Alvin, which is yet another example of Alvin's near-death experiences. When Alvin goes home, he provokes one of his sisters by poking her and so they get revenge on Alvin by putting needles into his night gown. Alvin avenges himself by using his knack to send cockroaches after his sisters. The plan works, and Alvin has a victory over his sisters. However, he then has a vision that he dubs Shining Man, who makes him promise to use his knack only for good(*The Tales of Alvin Maker*).

**April:** Pichegru stops O'Higgins' reconquest at Yungay.

Hoche appeals to Lisieux to re-enter the mainstream French forces, and the Administrateur reluctantly agrees.

The Royal Africa Company, on the advice of Alexander von Humboldt, transplants cinchona trees from UPSA-controlled Parador(Peru) to West Africa in an attempt to supply the country with quinine in order to defeat the endemic malaria.

At Swellendam in the interior of the Dutch Cape Colony, the over-taxed frontier Boers (colonial farmers) rebel against the government in Kaapstaad and, influenced by the Racialist writings of Sijbren Vorderman, declare an Afrikaan Germanic Republic.

Treaty of Baton Rouge between the ENA and Royal French Lemoyne(Louisiana) (with tacit New Spanish assent) sees the Lemoynians(Louisianans) and New Maestrazgoan(Spanish) abandoning all claim to Hispaniola to the Empire in exchange for recognition of their other holdings.

The Morton and Lewis expedition is launched in the ENA with the intent of crossing the continent overland to reach the Pacific coast - more specifically Fort Washington.

**May:** Daimyo Hidoshi of Matsumae finally visits the ailing Emperor Tenmei in Kyoto to give him homage.

Pichegru deploys mountain troops recruited from the Tahuantinsuya against O'Higgins, forcing the New Granadines to abandon their mountain warfare attacks against the Meridian regulars.

Ballesteros continues his string of victories against the Neutralese(Portuguese) in Galicia and northern Neutralia(Portugal).

Anglo-Dutch accord leads to British recognition of Dutch control of the Cape. The BEIC decides to plant a halfway-house-to-India colony further east, at Natal.

Admiral Surcouf returns to France from La Pérouse's Land, with many privateering successes to his name but ultimately having failed to draw the Netherlands into a war.

**June:** Ballesteros' army threatens Oporto.

Hermanus Potgieter, a Draka(Boer) military leader, becomes effective consul of the Afrikaan Germanic Republic. He begins organising an army to take Kaapstaad.

A ship carrying Persian pilgrims to Mecca is attacked by Arab pirates, who slaughter several, including the son of Persian Grand Vizier Mirza Reza Khan Sadeghi. Mirza Reza wants to hold the Porte responsible, but for now Shah-Advocate Ali Zand Shah counsels peace, fearing a Durrani attack and a war on two fronts.

The Chinese learn of the Russian encroachment in the Amur Valley thanks to the Russo-Baltish(Lithuanian) Pacific Company, and dispatch troops.

Around this time, Freedish radicals begin the practice of 'abolitionist piracy', attacking Dutch and Portuguese slave ships and freeing their cargo, with the tacit consent of the Governor of Freedonia and especially his fire-breathing deputy Habakkuk Turner. A policy is instituted by which the freed slaves work for the Freedish government for six months to pay for these operations before receiving full freedom, often then joining the RAC's Jagun army.

**July:** Daimyo Hidoshi travels on to Shogun Toyotomi(Tokugawa) Iemochi in Edo. However, his “Aynyu servant” is recognised by the Dutch trader Pieter Roggeveen as Ulrich Münchhausen, captain of marines on the Baltish(Lithuanian) ship *Skalvis*. Toyotomi(Tokugawa) has the two of them arrested, but Münchhausen succeeds in a prison break and flees with the Daimyo after commandeering a fishing boat. The Shogun orders the drawing up of an army to retake Matsumae.

The Neutralese(Portuguese) retake Ciudad Rodrigo, helped by Lisieux ruthlessly withdrawing French troops from Maestrazgo(Spain) for operations elsewhere.

**August:** The assembled naval forces of the Empire of the Indies fight a battle with the Meridian Armada off Paita and win a narrow victory.

Castelli advocates the formation of a new fleet to sweep the imperials off the waves and then land an army in Mechicoe(Mexico) to win the war by taking the City of Mexhicoe(Mexico).

An American force led by General Isaac Wayne II (OTL Anthony Wayne) lands on Hispaniola and defeats Vincent Ogé's rebels, though a bitter Kleinkrieg conflict continues.

On the 18th, in light of Surcouf's failure to draw the Dutch into a war, Lisieux outlines a new strategy to the Boulangerie: France will assemble a great fleet of steam transports to land an army on the Dutch coast (on a windless day when sailships are of little use), while concentrating a large new army to simultaneously invade Flanders, ensuring the two allies cannot come to each others' aid. The plan is named *Le Grand Crave*, the great crab, after its two 'pincers'.

**September:** At Trujillo, the New Granadines fight hard but are unable to prevent Pichegru from winning a strategically crucial victory. O'Higgins' forces are evacuated by ship. The whole Lower Paradorian(Peruvian) coastal plain now lies open to the Meridians, who are protected from malaria by quinine supplies from Noailles' plantations.

Oporto falls, after a siege, to Ballesteros.

The remnant of Hoche's Italian Latin Republic is reorganised as the Piedmontese Latin Republic, nominally ruled by Boulanger, who successfully manages to hold it against further advances by Archduke Ferdinand.

The Bavarian Germanic Republic is reduced to its capital Eichstätt as Lascelles' troops fear the Kleinkriegers more than him and desert, fleeing the country.

**October:** As part of Castelli's policy for neutral ships to be seized to help boost the Meridian Armada's size, Captain Alejandro Mendez attacks the Malvinas in order to obtain the pirate ships there. However, he also takes two Nantucket whalers, and his subordinate Captain Eduardo Alvarez inadvertently attacks a British ship with a largely American crew, HMB *Cherry* under the command of Lieutenant Jeremy Hayward. Alvarez tries to cover the incident up, but it soon gets out.

The Kleinkriegers in Bavaria finally launch an all-out attack on Eichstätt, and though they take casualties, defeat the French. Lascelles is killed and Michael Hiedler weds Petra Schickelgruber.

Reluctantly, drawn along by Hornblower's(Nelson's) policy of raiding the Maestrazgoan(Spanish) Mediterranean coast, King Charles VI and VIII of Naples and Sicily agrees to send an army under Pignatelli to Barcelona, proclaiming himself Charles V( IV )of Maestrazgo(Spain).

Death of King Kamehameha of Hawaii to illness. The country is briefly gripped by civil war as rival claimants clash, but the intervention of John Goodman, now working for the RPLC, means the young heir comes to the throne as Kamehameha II, a weak ruler and effective puppet of the Russians.

**November:** First BEIC colonists land at Natal.

News of the Cherry Massacre outrages Fredericksburg. The Constitutionalist Party splits between pro- and anti-UPSA factions, with many MCPs believing that the UPSA should be supported so American settlers can gobble up New Maestrazgoan(Spanish) Mexico. A bill for an intervention against the UPSA is passed only with the support of the Patriot opposition. Having lost control of his party, Benjamin Martin(James Monroe) resigns as Lord President and the Lord Deputy calls another general election.

**December:** American election topples the divided Constitutionalists and Lord Hamilton's Patriots return to power. The American Squadron is withdrawn from San Monique(Haiti) to prepare for operations against the UPSA. The Third Platinean War has begun. Also known as the Mechicoen(Mexican) Civil War(*Look to the West*).

**1806-1821**

The Mexican Civil War.

**1806-1809**

The Turco-Persian War of 1806-09. Persia, with Neutralese(Portuguese) backing, fights the Ottoman Empire, with unofficial support for the Ottomans from Oman. After the Durrani Empire and Kalat stab the Persians in the back, the war ends with an Ottoman victory and Persian territorial losses - Ilam, Khuzestan and Azerbaijan to the Ottomans, Panjdeh to the Durranis and Jask to the Kalatis. Persia moves closer to the Neutralese(Portuguese); the Ottomans get victory disease, cementing Dalmat Melek Pasha's conservative militarist faction into power with strong Janissary support(*Look to the West*).

**1806**

**January:** News of the Cherry Massacre hits London. Though Fox is reluctant, Britain joins America in declaring war on the UPSA. The Mediterranean Squadron strips the garrison from Gibraltar and Malta and transports it to Cascara(the Falklands) in support.

**February:** Treaty of Rome formalises the division of Italy between the Bombhursts(Hapsburgs) and Neapolitan Bourbons. Hoche's former Italian Latin Republic is recreated as the Bombhurst(Hapsburg) Kingdom of Italy under Archduke Ferdinand. Tuscany is separated and returned to Carlo I, but though Bombhurst(Hapsburg) he remains in the pocket of the Neapolitans, and his son Carlo II marries Princess Carlotta, daughter of Charles VI and VIII. The Papal States are reduced to Lazio.

The French under Drouet win a tactical victory over Pignatelli's Neapolitans at Albacete, but fail to fling them back into the sea.

The Turkish Grand Vizier, Mehmet Ali Pasha, dies - possibly from poison. Sultan Melek V appoints Dalmat Melek Pasha, hero of the war with Osterlich(Austria), as the new Grand Vizier. At first it appears that a Turco-Russian war is on the cards, and both sides mass troops on their borders.

**March:** Able to concentrate his forces by Franco-Maestrazgoan(Spanish) disarray elsewhere, Vieira succeeds in driving Ballesteros out of Oporto and the whole of northern Neutralia(Portugal).

By this point, Leo Bone has effectively become prime minister of Royal France. Due to tramblings of the allegedly insane Benjamin Bathurst(*He Walked Around the Horses*). He prepares to make his move towards expanding his empire.

Philip Hamilton and James Wayne, among many other American volunteers, temporarily leave the Royal Africa Company to take up commissions with Admiral Perry's fleet as it docks in the Company's ports enroute to the Third Platinean War.

**April:** The Japanese launch an attack on Edzo across the Strait of Tsugaru. However, their lack of a serious navy means that their transports virtually commit suicide against the Russo-Baltish's(Lithuanians)' dozen or so ships of the line and frigates. A small portion of the Japanese army successfully lands, but is defeated by the Russo-Baltish(Lithuanian) force, which includes Aynyu and Japanese sympathisers trained in European warfare.

A punitive expedition by the Dutch East India Company aimed at bringing the Draka(Boers) back into line is badly defeated by Hermanus Potgieter at Tulbagh - the VOC had severely underestimated the Draka(Boers') manpower and leadership.

First elections to King Louis XIII(XVII)’s experimental Grand-Parlement in Royal France produces a largely conservative assembly.

Battle of Ciamberì: Collapse of the Piedmontese Latin Republic as General Bourcier is defeated by the Archduke Ferdinand and withdraws to the Saône.

A Royal Navy taskforce under Admiral Sir William Byng and Commodores John Harrison and Christopher Perry reaches Cascara(Falkland's Islands), swiftly capturing them from the small Meridian garrison and stationing most of his troops there. The fleet divides into three.

Battle of Cocos: the Meridian Armada under Admiral Ramírez defeats the remnants of the New Spanish fleet under Admiral Ruiz.

Shah-Advocate Ali Zand Shah of Persia dies from an infected insect bite. He is succeeded by his son Zaki Mohammed Shah, who goes along with Grand Vizier Mirza Reza Khan Sadeghi's plans for war with the Ottomans.

**May:** Humboldt's plan pays dividends for the Royal Africa Company when quinine dramatically heals the King of Dahomey, who had been dying from malaria. The drug immediately becomes popular among Africans, with the Company both reaping profits and gaining much volunteer labour to grow more cinchonas.

Drouet reacts to dwindling French troops in Maestrazgo(Spain) and defeats on all fronts by withdrawing his forces to Madrid and defending the 'French road' that stretches northwards to the border.

Dutch Stadtholder William V dies and is succeeded by his son, who becomes William VI. A more conservative and paranoid ruler, he exiles Dutch Linnaean thinker Sijbren Vorderman to Denmark.

The Republican French colony of Saint-Malo has by now recovered from Heemskerk's attack, and is now self-sufficient - while Albi suffers under Lamarck's “scientific” principles and Bieraroun is burnt by the Ouarandjeré people.

In Canton, Dutch East India Company trader Dirk de Waar first meets Hao Jicai, a local mandarin and secret member of the Heaven and Earth Society or Sanhedui, a group aimed at the restoration of the Ming Dynasty. This partnership will eventually lead to the group known as the Phoenix Men, including the Royal French and British traders Michel Ouais and Henry Watt, the businessman Hu Kwa and the Governor of Canton Wen Mingxia.

**June:** Death of the Emperor Tenmei of Japan. This, coupled with the spreading news of the shocking defeat in the Strait of Tsugaru, leads to a breakdown of order, with the Daimyos of the Hans on the islands of Sikoke and Kiusiu asserting their independence. The Emperor's son Yasuhito, considered unsuitable by many for his absolutist philosophy, is displaced by the noble Kojimo, who (it is claimed) was adopted by the Emperor on his deathbed. The Imperial court's ministers are divided between the two. Yasuhito flees to the south and is supported by the rebels, led by the Satsuma and Choshu Hans. The Second Warring Courts period begins, with the southern court being supported with Dutch weapons from Nagasaki and the northern court, despite the irony, buying from the Russians. The RPLC's position in Edzo is, for the moment, secure.

Battle of Valdes: Admiral Perry's flotilla destroys a Meridian Armada force off the Valdes Peninsula. Philip Hamilton distinguishes himself.

The Chinese surround several Russian forts in the Amur valley and march their inhabitants - including Lebedev - back to Beijing.

**July:** By means of an amphibious descent, the Neutralese(Portuguese) take Cadiz.

With the withdrawal of the American fleet from San Monique(Haiti) San Moniquan(Haitian) Kleinkriegers are able to resupply and spread their rebel message to the slave plantations on nearby British islands. Accordingly, a British squadron and three British regiments are deployed there to bring the island under control. Lord Hamilton refuses Catawban(Carolinian) requests to send their own troops there (obviously to presage another annexation as with Tropico(Cuba)) and instead sends the Catawban(Carolinian) regiment (the 101st) to Ireland for training. At the same time, Irish troops are used to resupply the Gibraltar and Malta garrisons and half the Home Squadron is used to create a new Mediterranean Squadron under Admiral John Jervis, based at Corsica. The remaining Home Fleet is under the command of Admiral Michael Parker.

The Osterian(Austrian) advance into southeastern France is curtailed with General Bourcier's defeat of Alvinczi at the Battle of Rives. The front stabilises for a time as the Osterian(Austrians) instead plan an attack on the Swabian Germanic Republic via what was Switzerland.

15,000 Meridian troops led by General Hector Fernández are landed at Acapulco.

End of the Alolan(Hawaiian) Civil War and the accession of Kamehameha II, the Russian puppet king.

The Morton and Lewis expedition reaches Fort Washington in Drakesland, having successfully crossed the continent overland.

**August:** British general election returns the Foxite Reform Coalition with a slightly increased majority both for the Radical and Liberal factions: the Tory opposition remains divided and cannot put together a credible agenda beyond knee-jerk reactionism.

Admiral Byng's fleet burns and occupies Valvidia in the UPSA and then begins performing random amphibious descents along the coast, hampering the UPSA's ability to fight its war in New Granada via resupply from Lima.

**September:** American troops led by General Andrew Clinton begin landing on the Atlantic coast of the UPSA with the intent of marching on Buenos Aires.

**October:** Admiral Ramírez launches a daring surprise attack on Byng's fleet in Valvidia harbour, sinking several ships, including the British flagship *Royal Frederick*. However, Commodore Harrison's fleet returns at exactly the wrong moment and the Meridians are completely wiped out, leaving General Fernández's troops in Mexico stranded without resupply.

General Clinton's forces begin their attack on Buenos Aires.

Turco-Persian War of 1806-09 breaks out.

**November:** Meridian forces under General Miguel Bautista successfully repulse an attempted attack by Clinton, who retreats and instead tries to cut Buenos Aires off from resupply.

General Fernández successfully intercepts a Manila galleon bound for the exilic Meastrazgo(Spanish) in Mechicoe(Mexico), but after this strategy of attempting to bankrupt the Maestrazgoan(Spanish) fails, resumes his march on the City of Mechicoe(Mexico).

**December:** The Guangzhong Emperor of China sentences Lebedev to death as a persistent treaty offender, but the Emperor is killed in his sleep by Cossack bodyguards who still held debts to Lebedev. The Russian captives are killed in their escape, but China descends into civil war as chief minister Zeng opens the tablet on which the heir's name is written, only to find the Emperor never changed it from his dead first son. The War of the Three Emperors begins(*Look to the West*).

**1807**

**January:** *Le Grande Crabe*, the French offensive aimed at taking the Low Countries, is finally ready - the army is assembled and a vast steam transport fleet has been assembled. The French wait only for the right opportunity to make their move.

The Guangzhong Emperor's two sons Baoli and Baoyi proclaim themselves the Yenzhang and Chongqian Emperors respectively. As Yenzhang and General Yu are about to fall upon little-defended Beijing with the army they were using to pursue the Russians, Chongqian - heavily influenced by his father's prime minister Zeng Xiang - chooses to flee and relocate his own capital to Nanjing.

**February:** The Draka(Boers) besiege Kaapstaad and attempt to starve the city out, helped by the fact that most of the VOC's ships have already left for European operations. Governor Cornelisz Jacob van de Graaff institutes a draconian rationing policy which proves highly unpopular.

General Ballesteros switches sides, supporting the Neapolitans against Drouet's French.

The Russians launch their Great Eastern Adventure, sending 75,000 troops overland to support the Russo-Baltish(Lithuanian) Pacific Company as China collapses into civil war.

Benjamin Martin(James Monroe) steps down as leader of the Constitutionalist Party (and therefore Leader of the Opposition) in the ENA. His replacement is Wade Hampton.

**March:** The Draka(Boers) take Kaapstaad, fighting in the streets against van de Graaff's weakened armies, but the loyalists are saved when a VOC fleet arrives from Batavia with reinforcements.

Lisieux publicly announces *Le Grande Crabe* with a declaration of war on Flanders and the Dutch Republic. Boulanger takes command of the army and invades Flanders, while Villeneuve takes France's sailfleet and fights the Dutch under Admiral Carnbee on the 20th. Villeneuve wins a Pyrrhic victory and manages to land a few troops on the Dutch islands off the Zuider Zee, but more importantly Admiral Parker sends part of the British Home Fleet to keep an eye on Villeneuve.

On the 22nd, calm Channel weather strikes and the chance is there to use the French steamfleet to support Villeneuve's landings, safe from intercept by sail. But Lisieux suddenly sees the vulnerability of Britain and unexpectedly orders the steamfleet to redirect its invasion landings to the Kentish coast. Via France's semaphore network, the changed orders are swiftly transmitted.

On the 23rd, the French launch their invasion. Surcouf leads a fleet of steamships into the Channel, but is followed by a second fleet under Lepelley - unbeknownst to the British, the French have transported their Mediterranean fleet through the expanded Burgundy Canal to the Channel, doubling the size of their forces there. Hamstrung by the lack of wind, Parker struggles to respond to the French, sinking some of their ships but ultimately facing defeat. His flagship HMS *Mirabilis* is destroyed by the French rocket ship *Enfant de Tonnerre*, which also sinks in the process.

General Hoche, commanding the armies on the French fleet, lands 8000 Italian troops under General Modigliani on the Kentish coast to distract the British, then sails up the Thames and attacks London itself, landing his main force there(*Look to the West*) French General Napoleon Bonaparte wins the Battle of Trafalgar and joins Hoche in London(*Code Geass*), The British garrisons are defeated and all who can, flee. Hoche seizes the gold of the Bank of England. 300 British troops under Ashcroft and Blount hold back the Italians for a day in “Thermopylae-on-the-Downs”. Joseph Dashwood and the Hellfire Club help the French in exchange for revenge attacks on the Church of England. Hoche goes to Fox to receive his surrender, but Fox blows them both up with a magazine. Angrily assuming this was a deliberate trap set by Dashwood, French soldiers hang him, but inexpertly, and Dashwood survives with a hanging scar. In the confusion, London burns down and the fleeing King Henry X(IX) is caught . Henry X's wife Queen Gloriana III and her daughter retreat to Edinburgh where a revolutionary militia arrests her and forces her to abdicate, ending the monarchy. King Henry X, Queen Gloriana and their daughter are all phlogisticated (*Look to the West*). This event becomes known as *The Humiliation of Edinburgh*. However, Sir Ricardo von Britannia, Duke of Britannia, and his friend and subordinate, Sir Richard Hector, Knight of One, smuggle Gloriana III and her followers to the New World and establish a capital on the east coast of North America. The British Isles are conquered by France and become part of Europia United. Sir Rchard Hector is made the first Knight of the Round, based on the legend of King Arthur(*Code Geass*).

**April:** Boulanger defeats the Dutch-Flemish forces under Steffen von Wrede at the Battle of La Belle Alliance when his agents successfully persuade the Walloons among the enemy to switch sides.

What remains of Parliament convenes at Fort Rockingham near Doncaster and proclaims the infant Prince Frederick (in America) as Frederick II, then appoints the Duke of Marlborough as regent; Catskill(Churchill) had retreated with his trained milita from Oxbridge(Oxford).

Seven Republican French regiments under General Devilliers launch a rapid invasion of Royal France, which swiftly grinds to a halt as it smashes against Leo Bone's network of border forts.

Thanks to General Clinton's strategy, Buenos Aires is now on the verge of starvation, yet it is at this point that the Anglo-Americans learn of the French invasion of Britain.

The Corsican Republic declares war on France, supporting Hornblower's(Nelson's) Neapolitan Navy.

Fernández's Meridian forces are poisoned in the city of Cuernavaca, but nonetheless beat off an attack by the New Maestrazgoan(Spanish) *Nuevo Ejército*. However, when they occupy the deserted City of Mechicoe(Mexico), the New Maestrazgoan(Spanish) destroy the bridges and trap them in the city, burning it. Much of Fernández's army is destroyed, ending the UPSA's attempt to strike to the heart.

In the UPSA, British-born electrical researcher Henry Cavendish dies.

Scattered fighting along the Yellow River between the two Chinese claimants' factions, Yenzhang in the north and Chongqian in the south. This will continue for the rest of the year, hardening up as both Emperors summon their armies.

Around this time in Freedonia, the radical preacher Gabriel Brown begins preaching his Freedom Theology, which partially blames native African rulers for the horrors of the slave trade and calls for them to be toppled.

**May:** Liège, full of radical sympathies, overthrows its Dutch overlords and joins with Boulanger's invading French, along with many other Walloons. At the same time, the Mittelbund and the Alliance of Hildesheim declare war on France and send troops to Flanders.

Battle of Camford(Cambridge): Michael Sackville-West, the Earl de la Warr, refuses orders from Catskill(Churchill) to retreat and consolidate forces, instead attacking the French under General Gabin and being soundly defeated. Camford(Cambridge) is put to the torch, though most of the damp city survives.

Sir Lyell Brotherford, commander of the 56th West Norfolk, tries to bring his troops away but is assassinated by the Bishop and Count Palatine of Ely, Philip Matthews, who commandeers the force and then orders the Vermuyden works dismantled so that the Isle of Ely is restored, the waterworks protecting the rest of East Anglia from the French.

Controversially, the Osterian(Austrian) government imprisons Jozef Graf Radetzky von Radetz for his activities in serving the 'illegal' Bohemian Diet against the Cougnonistes.

**June:** Battle of the Solent: Admiral John Jervis, aided by the Royal French and the experimental Whistler ships out of Lowestoft under Commodore Frederick Keppel, destroys much of the Republican French steam-fleet. Admiral Lepelley is killed and Admiral Surcouf is shipwrecked, though he eventually escapes to the UPSA.

French advance north through England slows thanks to extended supply lines and the water barriers. Rumours of an Irish army landing in Liverpool abound. Edinburgh briefly rises to form the Scottish Celtic Republic under Thomas Muir, which is swiftly crushed by the Oxbridgeshire(Oxfordshire) Yeomanry under Joshua Spencer-Catskill(Churchill), the Marquess of Blandford.

Meridian General Pichegru besieges the New Granadine capital of Santa Fe, but O'Higgins holds him off long enough for *Nuevo Ejército*reinforcements to arrive. Pichegru withdraws in good order.

**July:** Madrid falls to the Neutralese(Portuguese) under Vieira. Philip VII is shot by Drouet, who then kills himself. The infant king Alfonso XII falls into Neutralese(Portuguese) hands. The Neapolitans swiftly roll up the east of Maestrazgo(Spain).

The “Irish” army meets the British at Emley Moor and it turns out to be an allied Anglo-Hiberno-American force led by Sir John Moore, Richard Wesley the Earl of Mornington, and John Alexander of Catawba(Carolina).

Devilliers finally breaks through Leo Bone's fortress network into the interior of Royal France. The Royal French retreat to their fortified cities.

Corsican and Neapolitan forces under Hornblower(Nelson) occupy the city of Toulon in a bloody amphibious descent, then grimly hold on as Bourcier tries to retake it.

**August:** The British and allied counter-attack against the English Germanic Republic begins in earnest with the Relief of Bedford.

Devilliers besieges Brest, having heard Leo Bone is in the city; however, it soon becomes apparent that the Royal French are moving their commanders by sea and using misinformation to distract the Republicans.

Lima rises in rebellion against the Meridians with support from American troops, severely hampering the supply line to Pichegru's army through Upper Peru. At the same time, Portugal declares war on the UPSA.

Phaungasa Min, Konbaung King of Burmese-Arakan, hears of the death of the Guangzhong Emperor and prepares another attack on Ava. For the moment, however, General Sun Yuanchang's Chinese troops remain in the area, and the Konbaung await a moment of weakness.

**September:** The French occupying the town of Cervera, after many years of unusually peaceful coexistence, are set upon by the furious townsfolk due to Philip VII's death. The town's mayor, Francisco José Sanchez y Rodriguez, is branded a traitor and collaborator and his family is killed by the mob - all except his young son Pablo Rodrigo Sanchez y Ruiz.

Battle of St Albans: English Germanic Republic, cut off from resupply from the Continent thanks to the Royal Navy once dominating the Channel, swiftly begins to collapse.

President-General Castelli is killed while trying to withdraw from the besieged Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires surrenders to the Americans a few days later.

Lamarck dies of a snake bite while on a botanical expedition in La Pérouse's Land; the governorship passes through the Lascelles wannabe René Demoivre.

HMS *Dauntless* visits Fort Washington in Drakesland. It brings home Morton and the feverish naturalist Weston, suffering from snakebite.

**October:** Saxony and Denmark-Sweden declare war on France in support of the Dutch and Flemish.

Descent on Harwich: Major Alexander Cochrane(descendant of Earth One's Zephram Cochrane) and Commodore Keppel's steamships take the town, encircle General Gabin's army, and destroy it.

La Roche falls to General Devilliers' army.

Political chaos in Cordoba. General Ayala manages to hold back the Anglo-American forces from the city while a new conservative political alliance, the *Reagrupamiento por la Unión* (“Rally for the Union”) seizes power from the collapsing Partido Solidaridad.

John Goodman visits Fort Washington and informs Lewis that he has established a Russian fort to the north (OTL Vancouver) called Baranovsk.

**November:** Battle of Islington: Saissons is defeated by Wesley while Moore takes London from the rear. Saissons is executed, while suspected collaborators (including Dashwood) are shipped to Susan-Mary.

Keppel's steamships sink General Modigliani in his attempt to flee.

The Saxons and Danes attack Swabia, pre-empting an attempt by the Osterians(Austrians) under Alvinczi to invade via the former Switzerland. In a bit of diplomatic jiggery-pokery behind the scenes, Ney surrenders the Republic without a fight in exchange for amnesty for his men. The Swabian Germanic Republic becomes the Duchy of Swabia under Frederick IV, exiled Duke of Württemberg.

The Yenzhang Emperor's forces besiege the Chongqian-held city of Xi'an.

**December:** Final destruction of the last remnants of the English Germanic Republic. Privy Council meeting convened in the ruins of London. Catskill(Churchill) speaks of the need to take the fight to the enemy once more.

General Pichegru is surrounded near San Francisco de Quito by combined New Maesztrazgoan(Spanish) and Neutralese(Portuguese) forces, and is forced to surrender.

Reagrupamiento’s leader, Miguel Baquedano y Zebreros, seizes control of the UPSA while pledging to rule for no more than three years and hold new elections and a constitutional convention. He seeks immediate terms with the UPSA's enemies.

**1808**

**January:** General Thomas Græme is sent to descend on Ostende with 20,000 men to attack Boulanger's flank, in a typically quixotic Catskill(Churchill) scheme. Græme is defeated by General Armand Poulenc at the Battle of Dixmuyden and is evacuated from Dunkerque. The whole business is a disaster, meaning Charles Bone's view of supporting Royal France gains supremacy in the Privy Council.

Charles Theodore II and Steffen von Wrede withdraw to the Palatinate, allowing Brussels to fall to Boulanger without a fight. The Dutch implement their Water Line defences, preventing Boulanger and Poulenc from invading the heart of the United Netherlands.

General Marceau tries to retake Toulon from the Neapolitans and Corsicans and is bloodily repulsed.

The wandering orphan Pablo Sanchez is recruited by a local Catalan Kleinkrieger group as a drummer boy.

**February:** Five British and allied regiments under Wesley occupy Granville in Normandy, distracting Devilliers from his growing successes against the Royal French fortress cities. Devilliers reconstitutes his army and marches to confront them. Simultaneously, another British force under Sir John Moore lands at Nantes and relieves the besieged cities.

The rump Parliament of Great Britain moves from the Doncaster Mansion House to the Sheldonian Theatre in Oxbridge(Oxford). As a consequence of these cramped venues not allowing voting lobbies, a new voting method is developed involving holding up a white or black paddle.

The siege of Xi'an is relieved by Chongqian's reinforcements from the city of Chongqing. Yenzhang's forces retreat in good order but continue to hold the northern bank of the Yellow River.

After the Konbaung advance into Burma has bogged down thanks to General Sun's resistance, Phaungasa Min has his troops withdraw to a defensive position and await a new opportunity to strike.

**March:** Informal agreement between Neutralese(Portugal) and Naples to divide Maestrazgo(Spain) once more as Castile and Aragon, with Castile being ruled by the Neutralese(Portuguese) puppet Alfonso XII and Aragon as another dominion of Charles VIII and VI (and now IV).

Battle of Draguignan: the Archduke Ferdinand and Alvinczi finally achieve a decisive victory over Bourcier.

Another attempt by Marceau to retake Toulon is on the verge of success when he is forced to retreat to Marseilles to support Bourcier.

Revolution in Albi against the tyrannical governor Demoivre. Revolutionary leader Locard re-establishes contact with La Pérouse in Autiaraux and the colony's famine is finally relieved through trade.

Alola(Hawaii) stabilised as an effective Russian vassal state.

**April:** Devilliers fights Wesley at Laval and wins a Pyrrhic victory. Wesley makes a strategic retreat southwards, Devilliers pursuing.

Treaty of Rio de Janeiro formally ends the Third Platinean War. The UPSA surrenders Upper Parador(Peru) to the Empire of New Maestrazgo(Spain), while Neutralia(Portuguese) Brazil receives several favourable border adjustments both from the UPSA and New Maestrazgo(Spain). The Anglo-Americans get nothing beyond trade concessions and confirmation of British possession of Cascara(Falkland's Islands).

The *Dauntless* rounds Cape Horn on the way back to Fredericksburg; Weston wakes up from his fever and proclaims what will be the beginnings of the Moronite religion.

The Kingdom of Ireland holds its first election since the new constitution in 1801. The election returns a more solid majority for Henry Grattan and his supporters. This encourages Grattan to pursue more muscular reforms, including allowing Catholics to stand as candidates for election as well as voting.

**May:** Devilliers finally catches Wesley at Angers. Devilliers is killed at extreme range by sharpshooter James Norton(Roosevelt) in the “shot heard 'round the world” and the Republicans are routed.

The Dutch astronomer Arjen Roelofs discovers the first 'sub-planet' (asteroid) although their precise classification will not be settled for some years and he initially tries to claim it is a planet. It is eventually named Agamemnon, with astronomers using the names of mortals from Greek legendary history for such bodies.

**June:** All Republican forces thrown out of Royal France.

The band of Catalan Kleinkriegers who adopted Pablo Sanchez are folded into the regular Neapolitan army.

**July:** A Dutch naval squadron sails to Ostende and helps temporarily relieve the French siege of Bruges. Poulenc is sent to defeat them.

In China, Yenzhang begins withdrawing his Manchu Banner soldiers from Manchuria proper and assembling them for an attack on Kaifeng. The Hun Chiuans(Coreans) under the ambitious King Gwangjong take note.

**August**: The armies of the Mittelbund confront Boulanger in occupied Flanders.

The Royal French take the strategic town of Royan on the Gironde Estuary.

In an audacious move, King Gwangjong's Hun Chiuns(Coreans) attack Manchuria with grand irredentist aims on the historically Hun Chiun(Corean) region of Balhae.

**October:** Battle of Adenau: French General Henri Trenet defeats the Mittelbund General Konrad von Löwenstein.

**November:** Battle of Mersch: The French are driven back by General von Wrede. Boulanger combines his armies at St. Hubert for a counter-attack, but then retreats to Brussels to winter, unwilling to give up such a forward position.

Yenzhang launches the Kaifeng campaign.

**December:** Hun Chiun(Corean) forces conquer the city of Andong (“Eastern Pacification” of the Hun Chiuns(Coreans)), which they rename Seoseungri (“Western Victory” over the Chinese).

The Neutralese(Portuguese) government sends a mission to re-establish diplomatic relations with Great Britain after the former Neutrealese(Portuguese) ambassador was killed during the French invasion the previous year. A junior member of the mission is the young Duke of Aveiro, sent away by Peter IV's ministers in part due to paranoia that he was growing too close to Peter's son John. However, this backfires and only makes John dislike Peter's ministers and resolve to dismiss them when he becomes king. Meanwhile, Aveiro's experiences in Britain–in particular how he notes that the Americans no longer consider themselves to have much of a shared identity with the British–will influence his ideas about colonial government, the 'Aveiro Doctrine'(*Look to the West*).

Ta-Kumsaw(Tecumseh) forms an army in an attempt to drive out Whites.

**1809**

**January:** Brussels, now starving and resentful thanks to the huge French armies encamped there, is attacked by the forces of the Mittelbund, Flemings and Alliance of Hildesheim. Bitter winter urban fighting sets in.

Petersburg Colloquy in the capital of Russia. Emperor Paul and his ministers decide to enter the war in Europe, sending ten regiments directly to France using Danish transport ships.

American general election returns an increased majority for Lord Hamilton's Patriots thanks to the war fervour.

**February:** Pascal Schmidt( a descendant of Earth One's Johann Schmidt), then a young Hessian soldier, controversially kills General Poulenc when the Frenchman is captured.

A newly assembled French army under Stéphane Pelletan attempts a defensive campaign against the advancing British and Royal French.

The long and bloody Siege of Kaifeng begins by Yenzhang in China. Over the next year it will be repeatedly relieved and restored, the whole front turning into the meat grinder of the Chinese civil war.

**March:** The French are thrown out of Brussels and retreat in the greatest defeat of Boulanger's career thus far.

Incensed by the Hun Chiun(Corean) attack, Yenzhang sends General Yu with reinforcements to throw them back, while handing over the Kaifeng/Henan front to Cao Qichang. As Cao is a less capable commander and has fewer men, this means Yenzhang's forces' previous advance there stalls. As increasing numbers of Green Standard troops from Chongqian are sent against him, all he can do is hold the White River line.

**April:** Pelletan's army suffers a series of defeats to the western allies. General Alexander, who was involved in the fight, records in his diary that his experiences fighting alongside Catholic soldiers from Royal France and Ireland has forced him to re-evaluate the anti-popish assumptions he was raised to believe. This is the start of what will lead Alexander to favour Catholic relief in the ENA years later.

Second Meridian Constitutional Convention in Cordoba makes significant revisions to the U.P. constitution, restricting the president-general to three-year terms and re-elections rather than being a life position.

End of the Turco-Persian War of 1806-09 with a Persian defeat.

In Guinea, Ghezo becomes Ahosu (King) of Dahomey. He institutes policies that increase trade and collaboration with the Royal Africa Company, using their Jagun army to help train and modernise his own in preparation for trying to break away from the dominance of the Oyo Empire.

**May:** Pelletan arrives in Paris to deliver his report in person to Lisieux, only to find that L'Administrateur is nowhere to be found, and no-one can account for his location. Lisieux's disappearance will be an unsolved mystery to baffle the historians and conspiracy theorists of the future.

Bourcier seizes power, reverses most of Lisieux's constitutional changes and reconvenes the National Legislative Assembly, presided over by René Apollinaire.

In China General Yu counter-attacks the Hun Chiuns(Coreans) but is unable to prevent the fall of the Manchu city of Girin Ula, which King Gwangjong identifies with the historical capital of Balhae, Kungnaesong.

**June:** Bourcier's new Republican regime delivers a plea to the western allies offering the crown to Louis XIII(XVII), seeking a bloodless transfer of power rather than suffer under the rhetoric-spewing Germans advancing from the east. Louis accepts and 50,000 allied troops march on Paris.

Russian force under Heinz Kautzman lands in Dieppe and heads towards the capital.

**July:** The British, Royal French, Americans and Irish occupy Paris and Louis is crowned King of all France.

Boulanger hears of the change of power, goes berserk and turns his remaining army around, planning one last quixotic attack in an attempt, if nothing else, to ensure the Revolution is remembered as something more than a bunch of pragmatic turncoats. He will march on Paris.

Philip Hamilton and James Wayne return to the Royal Africa Company as heroes.

**August:** On the 4th, the last and greatest battle of the Jacobin Wars is met before Paris. Eighty thousand Republican troops under Boulanger face fifty-five thousand Allied troops defending the city. It is the first major engagement in which both sides deploy steam cannons against each other. The Allies hold to breaking point, only to be rescued at the eleventh hour by Kautzman's Russo-Dano-Baltish(Lithuanian) force taking Boulanger's army in the rear. Seizing an opportunity in the thick of battle, Lord Mornington challenges Boulanger to a duel in a gamble to keep the French commander from reorganising his forces. Boulanger defeats him, but is shot down by Catawban(Carolinian) general John Alexander, who argues that the Jacobins long since abandoned any claim to be treated according to the laws of war and honour. General Trenet takes over the Republican remnants and surrenders. The war is over.

**September:** In China, Yenzhang's forces face reverses on all fronts as the outnumbered Hun Chiuns(Coreans) hold their gains and fight General Yu to a standstill, while Chongqian's General Liang Tianling liberates Kaifeng and General Cao is thrown back across the Yellow River. However, there is one piece of good news: Sun Yuanchang, the governor of the Burmese provinces conquered fifty years before, is loyal to Yenzhang and is now striking into Chongqian-held southern China with his army (including Shan and Mon native troops). The purpose of this attack is strike into Siechuan and then up the Yangtze to eventually reach Nanjing. Its actual effect will be quite different…

**October:** Death of Nadir Shah Durrani of the East Durrani (Neo-Mogul) Empire. He is succeeded by his son Mohammed Shah II. However his cousin Ayub of the West challenges him for the throne, calling him soft and Indianised, unworthy to be an heir to Ahmed Shah Abdali. In reality Ayub wants to use the war to reunite his squabbling peoples. The Neo-Moguls, benefiting from reforms under Nadir, prove to be a deadlier foe than Ayub expected.

**November:** The Congress of Copenhagen is held in the eponymous Danish capital, in which the postwar settlement for Europe is hammered out. France escapes serious dismemberment, its only major loss being the Duchy of Lorraine detached by the Bomhursts(Hapsburgs). The Russians possess disproportionate influence thanks to their key role at the Battle of Paris, and split off a “kingdom of Navarre” around Bayonne, under a Baltish(Lithuanian) noble, to effectively give themselves a warm-water port. A shaky Franco-Osterian(Austrian) pact, put together by the nations' foreign ministers, manages to exclude most of the north German states from possessing much influence at the Conference, forcing them to band together. Broadly, the status quo as of the closing stages of the war is allowed to serve as the peace.

**December:** In China, the Chongqian Emperor becomes convinced that if Heaven is to favour his cause, he must finally do something about the weakness of foreign trade, and proclaims an end to all trade with foreign barbarians…it remains to be seen whether this proclamation will be enforced…(*Look to the West*).

### **Era of Harmonius Relations(1810-1829)**

**1810**

**January:** The city of Orangestad in the Dutch Cape Colony (on the site of OTL Port Elizabeth) is founded.

**February:** Elections in the United Provinces of South America. Acting president-general Baquedano resigns in a Cincinnatian move, recognising his own lack of popularity for ending the war three years before. The elections are won by the new conservative Amarillo Party, rising from the core of the looser Reagrupamiento alliance which had ruled the country since 1807. The new President-General is Roberto Mateovarón. The opposition soon rallies as the progressive Ambarino(Colorado) Party, led by the former general Luis Jaime Ayala Santa Cruz. A number of moderate deputies remain aloof from both political poles, being unofficially known as the Blanco Party.

**March** : The Congress of Copenhagen concludes.

Sun Yuanchang begins his Great Eastern March into southern China.

Pablo Sanchez is mustered out of the Neapolitan army in Aragon. At this point he is believed to have worked menial jobs around the University of Saragossa for some years.

**April:** While vetting former Republican officials for their suitability to continue service, the new French Royalist regime encounters Georges Galois, Lisieux's former colonial director, who advises that La Pérouse's Land be brought under direct control. Leo Bone agrees and a fleet under Admiral de Foix is dispatched.

With Sun Yuanchang's withdrawal from Burma, Phaungasa Min launches his Konbaung invasion.

**May:** Philip Hamilton and James Wayne visit the Kingdom of Benin and negotiate a trade with King Ogbebo of palm oil for modern European firearms.

Ta-Kumsaw's(Tecumseh)'s forces defeat William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Twin Forks( *For Want of a Nail*).

Constituent colonies of Northern Confederation and Southern Confederation renamed states.

Creation of Free Quebec Party( *For Want of a Nail*).

Georges Galois, French head of colonial affairs, replaces Julien Champard with Thierry de Missirien, noted for his colourful language, as governor-general of French India. He begins backing the Scindias in the Maratha civil war to gain influence.

**July:** Chongqian's troops conquer the city of Jining and overrun southern Shandong province. In the face of this advance, the phantom rumours of Sun Yuanchang's advance up the Yangtze are dismissed.

**September:** The city of Jinan falls to Chongqian's Green Standard troops, putting them in a position to threaten Yenzhang in Beijing.

**October:** The city of Wuchang falls to General Sun's troops, putting them perilously close to Nanjing. Reluctantly Chongqian is forced to remove a portion of his Green Standard Army soldiers and send them against Sun, meaning the advance from Jinan towards Beijing stalls and Yenzhang has time to recover his position.

The city state of Toungoo rises up against its ruler Hkaung Shwe and joins Phaungasa Min's advancing Konbaung forces.

Yenzhang, having stabilised the front with Hun Chiu(Corea), sends General Yu back to Shandong to counterattack against Chongqian's advancing troops.

**December:** Battle of Niuzhang, in which Yenzhang's forces are defeated by a Russo-Hun Chiun(Corean) army including elements recruited from Japan. This is the beginning of the end for Yenzhang.

**1810-1837**

"Era of Harmonious Relations"

**1811**

**March**: To the fury of many Bohemians, Jozef Graf Radetzky von Radetz is executed by the Osterian(Austrian) government for his 'illegal use of men and materiel' in freeing Bohemia from the Cougnonistes a few years earlier. This pours fuel on the fire of Bohemian nationalism, as it seems the government cares far more for the letter of the law than the fact that Bohemians were suffering and dying thanks to the Cougnonistes.

**April:** Death of Pope Urban IX (Henry Benedict Stuart). With his death (though he had formally given up his claim anyway) the old Jacobite claim on the throne of England devolves (via a distant family connection) to the King of Sardinia, Charles Emmanuel IV. Charles Emmanuel has no intention of actually trying to invoke the claim, given he has quite enough on his plate trying to get Piedmont back.

**May:** Ottoman Sultan Murad V dies, probably of natural causes. He is succeeded by Osman IV.

The Papal Conclave meets to elect a new Pope, controversially with a rather small quorum of cardinals due to the depredations of the Jacobin Wars. An Italian cardinal, a boringly safe choice (with political connections to the Neapolitan monarchy) becomes Pope on the second ballot, taking the name Pope Benedict XV. He does little to stem the discontent of many Catholics with their Church's leadership and the success of the rival Jansenist Catholicism from the UPSA.

**June:** Phaungasa Min's armies continue to advance through Burma.

Kazakh Horde under Jangir Khan attacks China's eastern frontier, overruns the former gains in Dzungaria, but is unable to penetrate the New Great Wall.

Death of King Charles VI, VIII and IV of Naples, Sicily and Aragon. He is succeeded by his son Charles Gennaro, who rather than being known as the unwieldy “Charles VII, IX and V”, goes by Gennaro I. He is often known as “Gennaro I of the Three Sicilies”. He is influenced by his advisor, the Pere de Portolà, into a policy which favours the Catalans in Aragon. This serves to make the Catalans a loyal class of administrators in the region, but sparks resentment from the other Aragonese.

**July:** Death of Sir Sidney Smith, leader of Britain's “Unnumbered” secret service. They are handed over to Conroy, who integrates them into the PSCs as “special constables”, or secret police.

The biggest battle of the Durrani War is fought at Ajmir in Rajputana. As with the war as a whole, the Neo-Moguls come out slightly on top, but reall the only ones to gain are those using the bloody conflict to rebel against the Durranis, such as the Sikhs.

**August:** Elections to the UPSA Cortes Nacionales result in a continuing majority for the Amarillo Party, though the Ambarino( Colorado) Party secures a respectable number of seats.

King Antonio of Mexico establishes Fort San Luis on the site of OTL Portland, south of Fort Washington, in an attempt to stake his own claim to the Oregon country.

Creation of Progress Party, also known as the Liberal Party, in Quebec.

When Alvin is ten, "Taleswapper" (William Blake), a traveling storyteller, arrives in the town that Alvin's parents have founded. After stopping by the house of Alvin's brother-in-law, who directs Taleswapper to the Miller house, he visits the church and notices that its altar has been touched upon by an evil entity. Reverend Thrower kicks him out, and Taleswapper goes to the Millers' place, where his timely intervention stops Mr. Miller from killing Alvin. Taleswapper is welcomed in and helps to put a name to the unknown force that tries to stop Alvin from realizing his true powers as a Maker: the Unmaker. Meanwhile, the Reverend Philadelphia Thrower becomes a tool of the Unmaker, the evil force that touched the altar.

Soon, the Miller family goes to a quarry to cut out a millstone. Here, one of Alvin's knacks is revealed since he singlehandedly cuts the millstone through hard rock. During the night, Taleswapper and Mr. Miller guard the millstone. Mr. Miller tells Taleswapper a story about how a force is trying to use him to kill Alvin. Taleswapper advises Mr. Miller to send Alvin away to somewhere he may be safe. The next day, the millstone is taken home. The Unmaker finally manages to injure Alvin by making a millstone fall on him. Taleswapper encourages him to heal himself. Alvin does so but finds that he cannot heal himself part of his bone. He realizes that he might need outside help to heal. Reverend Thrower, acting as a surgeon, attempts to kill him but finds himself blocked by a mysterious force. Alvin heals himself with the aid of his brother Measure, who performs the surgery. Alvin is contracted as an apprentice to a blacksmith in the town on the Hatrack River in which he was born.

Taleswapper meets Peggy. It is revealed that she, using her torch powers and Alvin's birth caul, had protected Alvin all of those years, and the Unmaker hurt Alvin with the millstone only because Alvin himself overrode her powers(*The Tales of Alvin Maker, The Seventh Son*).

**September:** After a heart attack scare, Alexander Hamilton steps down as Lord President of America and retires from frontline politics. Augustus Seymour takes over and calls an election.

Around this time, organised political parties (the Royalist “Blancs” led by the Duc d'Aumont, Moderate “Bleus” led by Napoleon Bonaparte AKA Leo Bone and Liberty “Rouges” led by Olivier Bourcier) start to form in the French Grand-Parlement.

**October:** Sun Yuanchang's army is defeated by Chongqian's Green Standard troops at Anqing. Sun is forced to retreat and decides his best option is to raid the southern cities loyal to Chongqian: cut off the supply trains and force Chongqian to bleed off some of his own troops to protect them.

**December:** ENA general election produces a knife-edge majority of 1 for Seymour's Patriots. The Constitutionalists, having lost three elections in a row, ditch leader Wade Hampton in favour of New Englander Matthew Quincy in an attempt to broaden their appeal.

Sun Yuanchang's army begins its terror campaign by burning Jianning, then sending splinter forces to attack the coastal cities(*Look to the West*).

**1812**

**January:** Admiral de Foix arrives in La Pérouse's Land (Antipodea) and meets with the aged La Pérouse himself, bringing him back to France. Meanwhile, Europe reawakens to the fact that the matter of this colony must be dealt with.

In China, Fuzhou is attacked by Sun Yuanchang's terror raiders. The Governor, Zheng Kejing, meets public respect by not fleeing from his city and in the aftermath tirelessly working to rebuild. Sun's force becomes known as the Black Army, particularly fearful for its savage Shan and Mon soldiers recruited from Burma.

**February:** Hearing of Sun's activities in the south, Chongqian elects to call his bluff and does not respond, keeping his troops on the main front. This means they don't lose their gains to Yenzhang's counterattack but it also destroys Chongqian's reputation among the suffering people of southern China.

General Sun conquers Shaoguan.

The city of Ava falls to the Konbaung. However, at the same time, the Threefold Harmonious Accord is signed in Lopburi between Ayutthaya and its allies: Ava, Pegu, the Lao states (Vientiane, Luang Prabang and Tran Ninh), and Tonkin. Thai forces will fight in these other countries in order to take down invaders before they can reach the soil of Ayutthaya itself.

Frederick Paley accepts an invitation to from the new Royal French Academy of Sciences to take up a lectureship. He becomes fast friends with fellow naturalist Georges Audoin.

**March:** General Yu's counterattack retakes Jinan but then bogs down due to Chongqian keeping his troops concentrated in Shandong.

Sun sends his Mon bannerman Dham Shouang to raid Guangzhou (Canton), only to be bloodily repulsed by a combination of Hu Kwa's private army and forces belonging to the various East India Companies. Sun is furious with Dham's failure and declares that Guangzhou shall be razed to the ground, knowing this ought to force Chongqian to split his troops.

Alaafin (Emperor) Makua of Oyo dies in a suspected poisoning. Fighting over the succession breaks out in Oyo the city and Ahosu Ghezo of Dahomey, Oyo's subordinate vassal, takes the opportunity to use his newly modernised army to break free: the Dahomey War of Independence. Reports from the RAC of Dahomey's use of women warriors (the Amazons) excites the European imagination.

The Flemish chemist Robert Solvay publishes his synthesis of urea from inorganic chemicals, controversially disproving the Vitalist Principle that biological chemicals contain some fundamentally different ingredient to inorganic ones.

**April:** Ottoman Sultan Osman IV dies, probably assassinated due to his opposition to Grand Vizier Dalmat Melek Pasha. He is succeeded by Mahmud II.

Protesting John Catskill(Churchill) accumulating power through his bullyboys and spies and ignoring the will of Parliament, Richard Burke resigns as Prime Minister of Great Britain. He is replaced by Frederick Dundas.

**May:** The New Palace of Westminster is completed in London and Parliament moves in. The building is a masterpiece of Neo-classical architecture, but has several misjudged features, such as poor acoustics and being designed for future expansion, so here and now both Houses look uncomfortably sparsely populated with MPs and Lords.

**June:** The New Spanish establish Fort San Luis on the site of OTL Portland.

The entire Black Army of General Sun converges on Guangzhou with the intent of the total destruction of the city. The thrown-together defenders are outnumbered, but Michel Ouais employs cannons taken from the East Indiamen as artillery and both Sun and Dham Shouang are killed by chainshot. The Black Army disintegrates and Hao Jicai ensures at least a token force is spared to hunt down their remnants as they raid neighbouring cities, making the defenders of Guangzhou heroes everywhere - especially in contrast to Chongqian.

**August:** Philip Hamilton and James Wayne set out upriver from Dakar in search of the fabled city of Timbuktoo. They eventually find it, but are discovered as non-Muslims, and only escape thanks to a friendly Ashanti minister being present.

Jinan is retaken once more by Chongqian's troops.

**September:** The Chongqian Emperor sends a token force to Guangzhou to arrest and execute the local officials for cooperating with Europeans in such a way. Enraged by this action, the people of the region turn against Chongqian and his troops are annihilated by the Europeans.

Petty disagreements over the big Maratha houses of Scindia and Holkar (over ownership of land in Berar, which is now British in any practical sense anyway) sparks an all-out civil war in the Maratha Confederacy. In the course of this conflict, the future Great American War General Alf Stotts gets his first military experience as a mercenary drummer boy with the French forces.

**October:** Riding the wave of public anger, Hao Jicai of the Sanhedui together with his European allies proclaims the restoration of the Ming dynasty (later known as the Feng dynasty). Zheng Kejing, a distant relative of the last Ming emperor, is declared the Dansheng Emperor, with Hao as his prime minister. Risings begin across southern China.

Chongqian's forces throw Yenshang's back across the White River and march on Beijing.

**November:** Around this time Napoleon Bonaparte's Bleus are dominant in the French Grand-Parlement, despite being the smallest of the three parties, by playing the Rouges and Blancs off against one another. This is known as “l'équilibre politique”. Bourcier attempts to build his own governing coalition but fails.

Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II dies after only a few months as Sultan, assassinated thanks to his opposition to Grand Vizier Dalmat Melek Pasha. He is succeeded by Ahmed IV, who diplomatically decides to avoid arguing with Dalmat (*Look to the West*).

Creation of Farmers' Congress, later renamed Conservative Party, in Quebec(*For Want of a Nail*).

**1813**

**February:** Elections in the UPSA for the presidency-general after Mateovarón steps down, not contesting a second term. Ayala stands as candidate for the Ambarino(Colorado) Party and is defeated by Amarillo candidate José Jaime Carriego López, a more conservative figure than the centrist Mateovarón. After his defeat Ayala steps down as Ambarino(Colorado) leader and is replaced by Pablo Portillo de Insaurralde.

End of the Dahomey War of Independence, with Benin also having broken free of Oyo dominance, while the third Oyo vassal of Nupe failed in its rebellion and remains under Oyo control. Oyo is weakened but stabilises under the rule of the new Alaafin Adelu. As a result of all this, the RAC extends its trade deeper into Guinea.

**March:** Treaty of Blois divides Antipodea between the French south-east, British west and Dutch north.

Partly in response to organisational issues raised in the late Third Platinean War, the Neutralese(Portuguese) government creates a Brazilian Cortes (whose members are self-appointed important men from each province, not popularly elected) based in Bahia to help administer the colony.

**April:** Fighting in Pegu between the Konbaung invaders and the Thai Royal Army supporting the locals. After six months' grapple, the Konbaung Burmese are defeated and withdraw. Minor skirmishes will continue for two years.

Gloriana III nominates her lover, Sir Ricardo von Britannia, as her successor upon her death. She ends her reign for being "the Queen who loved throughout her stormy life". The Britannian calendar, *Ascension Throne Britannia* (a.t.b.), is established, with the origin year set to the ascendancy of Sir Ricardo von Britannia's ancestor declared the first Celtic king, though the calendar's months and days are adopted from the Gregorian Calendar(*Code Geass*).

Lolla-Wossiky, a troubled, one-eyed, whiskey drinking "Red," leaves General William Henry Harrison's fort and heads north to find his "dream beast," the spirit that can save him from the pain of his memories. On his journey, he meets Alvin Miller Jr. and assists him in making an ethical decision that will shape his life forever. In appreciation, Alvin heals Lolla-Wossiky's painful memories, which allows him to give up alcohol and to become in touch with the land once again. Lolla-Wossiky grows into "the Prophet" but prefers to be known as Tenskwa-Tawa. Lolla-Wossiky preaches both pacifism and separatism and believes that "Reds" should live west of the Mississippi and "Whites" should live east of it.

Meanwhile, Lolla-Wossiky's brother, Ta-Kumsaw, tries to rally "Reds" behind his belief that their land should be defended violently. When Alvin Miller Jr. and his older brother Measure travel to the place of his birth, where Alvin is expected to become apprenticed to the Hatrack River blacksmith, the two brothers are captured by "Reds" (Native Americans) who were sent by Harrison intentionally to create conflict. Ta-Kumsaw(Tecumseh), who as sent by Lolla-Wossiky, rescues the brothers from torture and death. Measure leaves the "Reds," only to be captured by Harrison's men and us subsequently beaten to the brink of death. Ta-Kumsaw accompanies Alvin to the holy site of Eight-Face Mound where they meet up with Taleswapper, an old friend of Alvin. Using the spiritual powers of the Eight-Face Mound, Alvis heals Measure from afar. Measure then stops some of the slaughter of Lolla-Wossiky's followers by villagers and Harrison's men over the alleged kidnapping and murder of Alvin and Measure Miller(*The Tales of Alvin Maker, Red Prophet*).

After being released from his time with Ta-Kumsaw(Tecumseh), an Indian leader who taught Alvin the ways of the Indian people, the young boy sets out to start his apprenticeship as a Smith in the town in which he was born. There, he meets a young half-black boy by the name of Arthur Stuart, the son of a slave and a slaveowner who has been adopted by the owners of the local guesthouse. Another new friend comes in the form of Miss Margaret Larner, who he later discovers is the "torch" who had helped him to be born so many years ago, and he has been strangely linked to her since that day. Eventually, Alvin is forced into helping Arthur to escape some slavehunters, which requires him to change Arthur's DNA slightly, just enough to prevent the hunters' knacks from identifying the runaway child.Alvin also creates a plow of living gold, which is bestowed with magical properties, as his journeyman piece to release himself from his apprenticeship as a Smith (and also as a Maker). Alvin Miller is 12 when he begins his Apprenticeship with Makepiece Smith(*The Tales of Alvin Maker, Prentice Alvin*).

In Hanover, William FitzGeorge, Duke of Camford(Cambridge), dies. His son Richard succeeds to the dukedom and takes over his duties as de facto governor of Hanover.

**May:** Parliamentary election in Great Britain produces a big majority for John Catskill's( Churchill's) “Rebirth Coalition”. The election was subject to considerable interference and fraud by the PSC browncoats and Unnumbered spies. After the election, Catskill(Churchill) forces out Dundas and makes himself Prime Minister.

The Dutchman Willem Bicker publishes a new and improved code system for heliography.

**June:** The Battle of Sagar between the Scindias and Holkars takes place in the Maratha civil war. Maharajah Vitthojirao Holkar loses heavily to the French-backed Scindias and agrees to accept help from the British to help recover his position.

**July:** Death of King Johannes II and IV of Denmark-Sweden. He is succeeded by his son, who becomes Valdemar V and II. His mother, Queen Mildred, encourages him to send help through local trade concessions to her beleaguered home country of Great Britain. Valdemar does so, but only in exchange for Britain agreeing to allow the Danish Asiatic Company to be re-established in the East. The old Swedish East India Company is absorbed into the DAC.

Second Battle of Ningyuan in China sees the total defeat of Yenzhang at Russo-Hun Chiun(Corean) hands. Accounts vary on whether Yenzhang was killed or just wounded, but the remnants of his supporters under Yu Wangshan flee to the west and eventually end up in Yunnan.

**August:** British forces take Saint-Malo in Antipodea, renaming it New London and the surrounding colony New Kent. Some Republican diehards keep up a Kleinkrieger offensive in the hinterland, with native help.

**September:** After a brief “retirement”, former Meridian president-general Roberto Mateovarón is appointed Ambassador to the Empire of North America, with the goal of attempting to repair relations between the two countries.

**November"** John Catskill's(Churchill's) third son, George Spencer-Catskill(Churchill), shocks the country by fleeing to the Empire of North America and writing polemics attacking his father.

**December:** Death of Charles Bone, former Chancellor of the Exchequer of Britain and father of Leo Bone/Napoleon Bonaparte. Bone the elder's death is supposedly due to a heart attack, but Bone the younger suspects foul play on the part of John Catskill's(Churchill's) PSC browncoat bullyboys(*Look to the West*).

**1814**

**January:** Napoleon Bonaparte attends his father's funeral in London and instigates a new cooling of Franco-British relations when he thanks “the gentlemen, along with Mr Catskill” for attendance.

**February:** The Holkars, benefiting from British support, beat the Scindias in the Battle of Mandla.

While Bonaparte is out of France, his lieutenant Barras, attempting to hold the Bleu dominance of the Grand-Parlement together, asks King Louis XIII(XVII) to dissolve the Parlement. Barras has grown fearful of Bonaparte's political dominance and worries about him becoming a dictator.

**March:** While both are on a grand tour of Greece, British diarist John Byron III meets French political thinker Henri Rouvroy and the two become fast friends. Both are equally unimpressed by the contemporary Greeks and their widely-circulated writings are influential upon western European perceptions of the region.

In Edinburgh, Scottish dissident Alistair Douglas intercepts a new portrait of the military governor, Joshua Catskill(Churchill) (Marquess of Blandford), cuts out his face, pastes it onto a portrait of William IV, and places it in an out-of-reach position on St Giles' Cathedral to mock him. Blandford overreacts and demolishes the whole cathedral, helping earn him the nickname “Bloody Blandford”. For this controversy, he is removed from his position by his father and replaced with Iain Græme, who manages to put down the rebellions roused by Blandford's policies. Many Scots are 'encouraged' to leave for the New Kent colony in Antipodea.

**April:** On the 13th Louis XIII(XVII) dissolves the Grand-Parlement in Paris. On his way through the city he is assassinated. The killer is a madwoman who blames her father's death on royal taxes. However French political factions inevitably blame each other and rioting breaks out: the Great Crisis of 1814. Rouge Party leader Olivier Bourcier is hanged in the street from a gaslight by a mob.

Bonaparte returns on the 15th and restores order, uncovering a conspiracy by the Duc d'Aumont and his own treacherous friend Barras to kidnap the young Dauphin, now Charles IX. Bonaparte makes d'Aumont Grand Duke of Lemoyne(Louisiana) and Barras his chief minister, an exilic punishment. The Dauphin is now under Bonaparte's influence as Regent and Bonaparte begins a period of political dominance as Prime Minister.

**May:** Suffering from lack of gold reserves, the British Exchequer introduces a new decimal currency based on America's Imperial, the “Royal”.

In China, the Chongqian Emperor's forces have recaptured all the north except those parts of Manchuria held by Hun Chiu(Corea) and Inner Mongolia held by the Mongols. Chongqian proclaims the “Movement to Restore Harmony”, which involves obliterating Manchu language and culture and reorganising the army. Rather than turn on the Feng in the south, and being deluded about the loyalty of the Hiun Chiuns(Coreans), Chongqian decides to attack the Mongols in the Reclamation War.

Richard Trevithick or “Vladimir Tarefikhov”, now an important Tula mining magnate, is made a Rytsar (Knight) by the Russian court.

While trying to synthesis quinine from inorganic chemicals for Priestley Aereated Water in the UPSA, the young chemist Agustín Jiménez accidentally discovers the vivid purple dye tyrine. Because the formerly exclusive imperial colour is now available cheaply to the masses, it comes to symbolise radical democratic movements: “every man a king”.

**June:** In Autiaraux, the two major factions of the Tainui and the Alliance almost come to blows, but this is prevented by the diplomatic efforts of the chieftain Ruatara. This ultimately ensures that the Mauré, exhausted by the Gunpowder Wars, do not render themselves too weak to resist outside encroachment.

**July:** Henri Rouvroy returns to France and institutes an electoral system by which the decapitated Rouge Party may vote for a new leader. However in the actual contest, Rouvroy is defeated by former Jacobin thug Pierre Artaud. Fearing for his safety, Rouvroy goes into exile in Corsica, in which he writes “Heart of Diamond” and founds the ideology of Adamantianism. Artaud on the other hand proceeds to make a hash of running the Rouge Party and ensures Bonaparte's political dominance is unchallenged.

**August:** First clash of arms in the Reclamation War between the Qing Chinese and Mongols.

**September:** The Nguyen Lords of Cochinchina (southern Dai Viet) take advantage of the departure of Tonkin's Chinese protector and invade. Ayutthaya sends Royal Khai(Thai)Army troops to contest the invasion.

The new Bonaparte regime in France begins using Cayenne in Guyana as a penal colony.

**October:** La Pérouse finally returns to France and is honoured by King Louis XIII(XVII), dying a national hero a few months later.

The New Maestrazgoan(Spanish) government, irritated by France's new proclamation of a Grand Duchy of Lemoyne(Louisiana) and its control over New Maestrazgoan(Spanish)-claimed territory, opens up Texas to (Catholic) immigration. A few years later they will have plenty of immigrants from Ireland fleeing the famine.

**November:** Election in the ENA ejects the Patriots, ending a nine-year reign, and Matthew Quincy's Constitutionalists take power with a majority of 3. However, they are almost immediately beset with rifts within the party.

Tecumseh threatens Burgoyne, armies called up from the other Confederations.

**December:** Death of Charles Emmanuel IV, King of Sardinia (and claimant to Piedmont). He is succeeded by his mercurial son, Victor Felix I.

**1815**

**January:** Philip Hamilton and James Wayne return from their explorations of the African interior to find that their enemy Philip Lawrence has been building support among the RAC's board of directors.

**February:** With his troops bogged down against the Threefold Harmonious Accord troops led by Ayutthaya, Phaungasa Min decides pushing his troops further risks losing what he already has. Peace ensues, with a restored Burman unitary state consisting of Arakan, Ava and Toungoo - but not Pegu.

The Kingdom of Ireland holds a general election. Henry Grattan and his supporters win another term in office, but organise opposition is finally starting to coalesce.

**March:** Meridian President-General Carriego is hit by scandal when his past involvement in Polynesian slave-trafficking is uncovered.

Around this time it is believed that Pablo Sanchez worked as a bank clerk in Santander, though this is not strongly attested to by biographical evidence.

**April:** An Etruscan pendant bearing a swastika symbol is unearthed in an archaeological dig at Bolsena. Etruscan culture has long been prized by Italians and especially Tuscans and the news of the discovery means that the swastika, despite being a universal symbol found in many cultures, tends to become associated with the Etruscans.

By this time, Joseph Dashwood has used his natural charisma to become an unofficial leader and man of influence within the Susan-Mary penal colony, with the (disorganised and dismotivated) guards mostly fearing and obeying him as much as the convicts. He receives the nickname “Old Sooty Sweep”, both as a veiled reference to the Satanist Hellfire Club and because he rubs soot into his greying hair to look younger.

**May:** The French suffer a sepoy mutiny of Muslims in their Indian positions, led by the charismatic leader Imam Mohammed Abbas. They burn a French fleet in harbour, forcing a harsh response from Governor-General Missirien.

John Catskill(Churchill) disposes of a political enemy, Sir Malcolm Greening, by making him Governor of the Isle of Man.

**June:** The Gorkhas of Nepal invade British vassal states Oudh and Boutan, forcing the British to come to their assistance.

Around this time Pablo Sanchez is known to have worked as a bank clerk in Santander, although biographical details are sketchy.

**July:** Neutralese(Portuguese) influence over the Marathas through their puppet Peshwa Madhavarao Narayan has been increased by the Gaekwad of Gujarat pledging allegiance to him (and declaring neutrality in the Scindia-Holkar conflict), and now further still when Ranjit Singh, ruler of the fortress city of Bhurtpore, does the same.

The Feng Chinese institute a new trade policy, which involves creating “Outsiders' Villages” near major ports in which European traders may dwell but imposing a night curfew. Adventurous Chinese boys often try and get into the Villages after dark and, disowned by their families, are often recruited as translators by the European East India Companies. They are the first 'Gwayese', a term which will later be applied to their half-white children.

**August:** A mass breakout from the Susan-Mary penal colony, led by Joseph Dashwood. This is odd considering he already had a favoured position within the colony, but it is suspected that this was caused by a rumour that the ENA Continental Parliament was going to reform the colony and crack down there. Over 4,000 convicts escape to the west, together with some turncoat guards, representing about 10% of the population of the colony.

**September:** Attignee Hurons massacre American settlers led by Luke Stewart in the Confederation of Metropolis's (New York's) Wisconsin Territory. The settlers are actually caught in the crossfire of a struggle between different Indian groups: the Attignee and several other Huron tribes joined the Sioux “Seven Council Fires” alliance after being pushed west by the Third War of Supremacy and later colonial expansion. The Seven Fires are at war with the rival Ottawa-Ojibwa-Potawatomi Three Fires alliance, and also face internal disagreements over the adoption of “white men's” weapons and tactics and whether they should make peace with their enemy to present a united front against colonial expansion. However this complexity is missed by the outraged American government, who react to the massacre by proclaiming a new Indian war and sending troops westward. This is the start of what becomes known as the “Lakota War”.

**October:** Meridian Cortes election results in the Amarillo Party losing control of the Cortes for the first time, suffering due to association with the scandal-ridden President-General Carriego.

Though the circumstances are unclear, Joseph Dashwood's escaped Susan-Mary convicts seem to have fallen in with the Arendarhonon (Arenda for short) tribe of Huron Indians around this time. The Arenda are themselves part of the Seven Council Fires alliance, and are now being drawn into the “Lakota War” with the Americans.

**November:** British and French Indian governors-general Pitt and Missirien meet in Coorg and provisionally agree to stop backing the Maratha factions while they face their own internal problems.

Georges Audoin and Frederick Paley accept a proposal to lead a taxonomic mission to the French colonies in Antipodea and to the South Seas.

Tecumseh forced to withdraw from Burgoyne.

Howard's Rebellion, led by slave John Howard, in the Southern Confederation causes NA£20 million in damage

Peleg Peshell is sent to Mexico City to seek recognition of Jefferson.

Mount Tambora eruption(*Twig*).

**1815-1816**

Government forces, lead by José Morales, launch major crackdown on clericalists.

**1816**

**January:** Prime Minister of Ireland Henry Grattan dies in office. He is succeeded by John Ponsonby, another important figure in Grattan's party, now known as the Patriots.

**February:** Death of Thomas Space of old age. His partner Filling tries to name Philip Hamilton as his successor, but is overruled by Lawrence's dominance of the Board of Directors. Lawrence fobs Hamilton off with governorship of Natal, which Hamilton in turn gives to a subordinate, swears off African affairs, and finally returns to America.

Despite opposition from his own party (who run Alfredo Fernando Vallejo y García as an alternative), President-General Carriego attempts to run for a second term and is defeated by Ambarino(Colorado) candidate Pablo Portillo.

**March:** Emperor Paul of Russia's second son Prince Theodore is friendly with Trevithick, and sponsors him to pursue his mad schemes of bringing steam-driven rail carriages out of the mines and use them for transport on land.

Despite issues with their newly reorganised military, the Qing drive the Mongols back into Outer Mongolia. The Reclamation War continues.

In response to the initial attacks by American regular troops in the Lakota War (the Americans attack all Indians in the region regardless of tribe and alliance), the chiefs of the Isantee and Ojibwa tribes agree to suspend their conflict and make an alliance against their common foe. Gradually this alliance will extend to the two tribes' parent confederations, the Seven Fires and Three Fires respectively.

**April:** Death of Dalmat Melek Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. After an unusually long period of rule, Dalmat had eliminated virtually all opposition, to the point that his death was of natural causes. However, now decapitated, the Empire struggles for leadership. This is the start of the Turkish Time of Troubles. Sultan Ahmed IV is almost immediately assassinated, the details of the act unclear. Janissary leader Kara Suleyman Pasha attempts to seize power as Grand Vizier, with the mad Mahmud III as his Sultan. Neither last more than a few days as rival mobs overrun the city and opposition groups throughout the Empire start assembling armies. Next in line Sultan, Murad VI, escapes to the east, while the Janissaries go through a few more royals before finding the suitably pliable Mehmed V. Alemdar Huseyin Mustafa Pasha becomes Grand Vizier, but he and Mehmed can barely hold onto Constantinople, never mind the Empire.

Lloyd's is reopened in London, representing an important symbolic moment for the recovery of the London financial sector. While Liverpool and Manchester's own finance sectors expanded to try and fill the gap during the preceding decade, London soon overtakes and eclipses them once again.

**May:** Meeting in Bombay between Pitt, Missirien and Neutralese(Portuguese) Indian governor-general Variações. This lays the foundation for the International Oversight Board for East Indian Trade, which helps coordinate relations between the European trading companies to avoid stirring up problems that harm everyone's trade.

Francis II of Austria marries off his eldest daughter Maria Theresa to Alfonso XII of Castile. The fate of his younger daughter Maria Sophia is somewhat problematic due to there being few European monarchies that are willing to accept a Hapsburg bride at this point.

Joseph Dashwood rises to prominence within the Seven Fires Sioux confederation as he and his ex-convict followers help the Indians cope with the battle tactics of the American regulars they face(*Look to the West*).

**May 16:** Jefferson declares war on Mexico.

**June:** 1816 is “the year without a summer”(*Twig*) due to volcanic eruptions. Food shortages abound. John Catskill(Churchill) receives praise for steering Britain through the crisis with ruthlessly organised rationing, which helps him secure his position as effective dictator.

Death of Duke William I of Hesse-Kassel, a relatively open-minded and forward-thinking figure by Mittelbund standards who let his troops experiment with steam technology. He is succeeded by his more reactionary son William II, who reverses such allowances. Many Hessian mercenaries decamp for the Alliance of Hildesheim rather than be deprived of these useful weapons.

**July:** Death of Johannes II/John IV of Denmark and Sweden. He is succeeded by his son, Frederick V and II.

The Persian Shah-Advocate, Zaki Mohammed Shah, signs a secret treaty with the Governor-General of Neutralese(Portuguese) Goa, Vitorino de Souza. The treaty concerns possible future cooperation against the Ottoman Empire (now beset by political turmoil) and includes a provision that hands over the key Mesopotamian port of Couaite (Kuwait) to the Neutralese(Portuguese) in the event of such a conquest.

**August:** William Goodman, the brother of John Goodman and fellow freebooter, arrives in Autiaraux with the intention of carving out his own kingdom. His ambitions are rudely shattered by his first combat encounter with the Mauré, but he goes on to become an important trader and advisor to the Mauré–he is one of the first Europeans to be accepted as part of their society.

**September:** Trevithick demonstrates his railways on a small scale as part of an industrial fair in Tula. Theodore persuades his father Emperor Paul to pursue the technology on a larger scale.

The last serfs in Russia are officially freed.

**October:** Having consolidated his power as de facto head of the Royal Africa Company, Philip Lawrence authorises a plan headed by Hugo Barrio, Alexander Humboldt and Pierre Jacotin to create the “Biafra Cinchona Company”. This seeks to create new cinchona plantations in the Biafran highlands, where the climate suits the tree better, but they have the problem of the key port of Moneba being ruled by the hostile local king Abel.

**1817**

**February:** Enrico Morelli, a Neapolitan immigrant to the UPSA, founds the river steamboat company that will go on to be instrumental years later.

Joseph Dashwood marries an Arenda Huron woman named Skanadario, a chief's daughter.

**February 6:** Jeffersonian forces capture Mexico City.

**March:** Fighting dies down in Dai Viet as the Nguyen Lords' invading armies are repulsed by Tonkin's troops heavily backed by the Royal Thai Army. This inextricably binds Tonkin into the Threefold Harmonious Accord.

Sophia Mathilde of Württemberg, wife of Francis II of Ostelrich(Austria), dies after miscarrying a stillborn son: they already had two daughters, Maria Theresa and Maria Sophia, but no sons.

The Russian government approaches the adventurer Thorvald Nielsen and contracts him to investigate Abyssinia.

**April:** In France, ultraroyaliste René, Comte de Champagne writes a letter to his nephew Philippe in which he uses the phrase “O, if only there were some marvellous conveyance, perhaps of the steam devices of which the Jacobins and their stooges are so enamoured, that might regress us to that glorious age: a regressive engine, if you will”. This is believed to be the origin of the political term 'Regressive'.

By this point, the civil war in the Ottoman Empire has hardened around two major factions: the Janissary-backed Balkan Party and the conservative and populist Shadow Faction (the name stemming from the Caliph's title of Shadow of God on Earth). Constantinople itself is held by forces loyal to the Janissary Alemdar Huseyin Mustafa, while the rogue agent Abdul Hadi Pasha builds his own power in Egypt.

Launch of the French taxonomic mission led by Georges Audoin and Frederick Paley, on the ship *L'Aigle* commanded by Captain Émile Rameau.

**May:** American general election. On the back of early successes in the Lakota War, Matthew Quincy's Constitutionalists increase their majority from three to five. However the Lord Deputy dies during the election and this provokes a dispute (the “Crisis of 1817”) over whether to regard any new Lord Deputy proposed by Emperor Frederick II as being made under duress from Catskill(Churchill). The crisis is resolved by the intervention of Wesley, who questionably uses his own devolved authority to appoint the Earl of Fingall to the post. Catskill(Churchill) endorses this out of spite, as the Catholic Earl appalls the anti-Papist Quincy.

In Freedonia, Governor Soubise–who had been criticised for not intervening in the Dahomey War of Independence–decides to retire after 13 years as Governor, but fearful of his radical deputy Habakkuk Turner decides to institute an elected Governorship. However, Turner is elected as his successor anyway.

**June:** Start of the Philippine War between Neutralia(Portugal) and Castile on one side and the Empire of New Meastrazgo(Spain) on the other.

Pablo Sanchez joins the Neutralese(Portuguese) East India Company. His first voyage on the *Centauro* takes him to Guinea and Montevideo, both of which influence his thoughts on race and nation. In Montevideo he meets lifelong friend Luis Carlos Cruz for the first time.

Francis II of Osterlich(Austria) issues a Pragmatic Sanction re-creating the County of Tyrol, and makes his younger daughter Maria Sophia its ruling Countess and Electress. This appears to be part of a scheme for grooming her to succeed him in case he is unable to gain a male heir from a second marriage.

**June:** Simon Suggs(Andrew Jackson) names himself Provisional President of Mexico.

**July:** The Treaty of Milan establishes the International Counter-Piracy Agency (ICPA) where ships from different navies are assigned to multinational anti-piracy forces.

Pascal Schmidt completes his university studies at the University of Heidelberg (where he met like-minded patriot Wilhelm Brüning) and returns to Hesse-Kassel.

**September:** Russia opens the “Zalmanov Line” of Optel semaphore towers linking Moscow and St Petersburg. This binds the two cities' government more closely together and increases the importance of Prince Theodore (Tsar Paul's younger son) who is Governor-General of Moscow.

**November:** The “March of Icy Death”, as American forces are defeated by the (mostly-Sioux) Confederacy of Seven Fires in the Lakota War and endure a grinding winter retreat to Chichago.

**1818**

**February:** *The New Eden* is published by Clara Keppel under the pen name “Cuthbert Lucas”. This seminal work launches the new genre of Automaton Literature, both marvelling at the wonders of new technology and warning of the dangers of it growing too ubiquitous.

**March:** Under the advice of Esad Ali Bey, Ottoman resident in Oman, Sultan Sayyid sends a fleet of troopships to the Red Sea in order to support loyalists in Egypt.

Peter Molnár, a Slovak who has followed the exploits of Benyovsky since his childhood, reaches Yapon. He will go on to join Benyovsky on his last adventure.

**April:** Final end of the ruinous Durrani War when Hindoos poison Ayub Shah Durrani and both his sons. The West Durrani/Helmaj(Afghan) Empire falls apart and the East Durrani/Neo-Moguls move in.

A newly-assembled American army under General Vincent Walker sets out from Chichago westward to strike the Seven Fires Confederacy once again.

*The New Eden* is (ineffectually) banned in Great Britain due to the perceived attack on the Marleburgensian regime's industrial policies; “Cuthbert Lucas” and her husband flee to Ireland. Of course, the ban only increases public interest in the book both in Britain and elsewhere.

**May:** Duke Leopold defeats the Italian rebellions. “Emperor” Francis II of Osterlich(Austria) agrees to let him inherit Italy while remaining ruler of Lorraine, uniting the two realms. Initially Leopold rejects Francis' calls to join him in intervening in the Ottoman Time of Troubles.

A joint RAC-Freedish operation topples the native King Abel from control of the port of Moneba in Biafra, suiting the Freedish radicals' Freedom Theology and allowing the RAC to establish their cinchona plantations. This removal of a major slave port shocks the Dutch and Neutralese(Portuguese), and the latter begin closer cooperation with the Kongo Empire, whose ruler Henrique III is nervous about the Freedes' fondness for decapitating native monarchs.

Stephen Martin publishes *Whither the Imperial Supremacy of America?*, often referred to as *American Supremacy*. This polemic against the Patriot political machine and secret societies in Metropolis(New York), written in the wake of America's struggles in the Lakota War, accuses the establishment of having sent men to die so they could be replaced by pliable immigrants. It forms the inspiration for the Supremacist Party in American politics years later.

**June:** Maratha civil war peters out with no real change, save that both Scindias and Holkars are weakened and the Neutralese(Portuguese)-puppet Peshwa has more influence over the other Maratha princes.

Despite Meridian neutrality in the Philippine War, the Meridian Navy takes the opportunity to plant a base on the disputed Cabot(Columbus) Archipelago (OTL Galapagos).

In the Ottoman Empire, the Siege of Constantinople by the Shadow Faction comes to an end. At the Shadows' moment of victory, a fleet under Khan Devlet V of the Crimea intervenes, killing some of the Shadows' key leaders and scattering them in confusion. The Balkan Party then takes over Constantinople with Crimean assistance. Around the same time, Russia, Persia and Osterlich(Austria) all begin their direct intervention in the civil war.

As an employee of the Nuetralese(Portuguese) East India Company, Pablo Sanchez settles in Goa for some years, working as a clerk. An outbreak of fever kills some of his superiors, and dead men's shoes combined with bribes from Maratha princes looking for influences meaning he can buy promotions means he rises to a fairly high position.

**July:** Explorer Miguel Juan Díaz y Franco discovers gold along the American River in New California, sparking a new tide of immigration to the New Maestrazgoan(Spanish) province.

Osterlich(Austria) awakens fear in the Concert of Germany when their declaration of war against the Ottoman Empire contains threateningly vague references to 'reclaiming rightful territories'.

A son, Freedom Dashwood, is born to Joseph and Skanadario Dashwood in the Seven Fires Confederacy.

**August:** At the Battle of Dendera, the Mameluke-Sennari alliance is defeated by Abdul Hadi Pasha's forces and his Omani allies. The adventurer Thorvald Nielsen is there, fighting on the Mameluke side, and during the retreat comes across a lost Zubrowkan(Hungarian) tribe, the Magyarab.

**October:** Battle of the Horns of the Bull as Seven Fires Confederacy forces defeat Walker's Americans. This is due to assistance rendered to them by escaped prisoners from the Susan-Mary penal colony led by Joseph Dashwood. In response the American government will assume direct control over Susan-Mary and reform it, using regular troops rather than disaffected guards.

The first oceangoing steamship is launched in the UPSA: the *Pichegru*, named for the general then thought to have died while leading an expedition through the jungle (though he emerges alive some months later).

*L'Aigle* visits Gavaji [Hawaii] and Paley and Audoin have a run-in with cannibals.

The Persians complete the conquest of Arabistan in Mesopotamia. They have now regained all territory they lost to the Ottomans in the Turco-Persian War more than a decade before.

**November:** ICPA forces drawn from France and Naples burn the city of Algiers as part of their operations against Barbary pirates. In the wake of this victory, Malta is essentially commandeered by the ICPA as its forward base, though it remains in name the Knights of St John protected by Britain.

The Persian General Mirza Hossein dies from an infected wound while campaigning in Mesopotamia. Though he was only mediocre as a battlefield general, Hossein was very able at smoothing over ruffled feathers in the army caused by nobles resentful of the Shah-Advocate's more meritocratic reorganisation and modernisation of the army. Deprived of his influence, the Persians have more problems keeping their army under control.

**December:** When the news of the American defeat at Horns of the Bull gets out, it triggers revolts among the Canajuns in New Britain and other Catholics in Columbiana(Florida), Cuba and Hispaniola (thanks to Quincy's anti-Papism) as well as blacks. The latter revolts are largely put down by former general John Alexander, who gains prestige and political capital because of it. New Meastrazgo( Spain) also takes the opportunity to quietly drop the free trade provisions that were forced on it by the ENA. Lemoyne(Louisiana) backs Indian raids into Catawba(Carolina)(*Look to the West*).

**1819**

**January** : The northern part of the British Antipodean colony of New Kent is split off as New Approdiskiana(Virginia) in anticipation of American colonisation.

By this point, Russian forces under Prince Dolgurokov have conquered all the domains of the Khan of Crimea except the Crimean Peninsula itself, which continues to resist.

After noting that the Ottomans are defending Bosnia at the expense of other regions (due to the dominance of Bosniaks within the Balkan Party), the Bomhurst(Hapsburg) General Alvinczi focuses his own forces on moving into Servia through the Banat, to be joined by Servs as they revolt. Throughout the year, this allows him to cut off and surround the Ottoman forces in Bosnia.

**February** : Russian explorer Vladimir Lisyansky discovers OTL Walvis Bay, which he names Zaliv Pavlovka (the Gulf of Paul). A few years later, the Grand Ducal Baltish(Lithuanian) African Company is established and founds the outpost of Pavlovsk-na-Baravakhul there.

Meridian presidential election won by Amarillo candidate Alfredo Vallejo, defeating Ambarino candidate Juan Sotomayor. Portillo, who had stood down after one term, becomes Ambassador to Great Britain.

**March:** In Egypt, official Ottoman resident Abdul Hadi Pasha defeats Mameluke rebels and achieves control of the country. Backed by Esad Ali Bey and the Omanis, he will henceforth be the leader of a powerful faction in the Ottoman civil war.

The position of Governor-General of French Hidalgo(Guyana) becomes vacant and the French government seizes the opportunity to appoint the embarrassing drunkard Joseph Carpentier, Comte de Toulouse, to the position on the other side of the world.

Due to the Meridian crackdown on the slave trade, the brutal slaver Sebastián Duarte decides to try raiding Autiaraux. He raids both the Tainui and the Alliance and ultimately inadvertently brings the two together against a common foe.

**April:** The death of Bogd Khan on the battlefield comes at the end of the Reclamation War. The Qing Chinese have reconquered all of Mongolia except the Oirat west, which becomes part of the Kazakh Khaganate. However the war has also exposed deep flaws in the Chongqian Emperor's military reorganisation project.

Battle of Narogne in Antipodea between Anglo-American colonists and a group of native Noungare warriors. The Anglo-Americans win, but are surprised to find the Noungare using some European weapons and tactics, having been influenced by (and possibly later interbred with) Jacobin exiles from the former Republican French base there who had fled into the interior, led by Alain Bonnaire. The Noungare will continue to hold the interior and harrass the Anglo-Americans for years to come.

The city of Basra in Ottoman Mesopotamia falls to the Persians almost without a fight, as the only organised opposition in the area consists of disorganised Azadi militiamen.

**May:** American general election. The Constitutionalists are decimated due to Quincy's unpopularity and Alexander running 'Constitutionalist Whig' candidates in some constituencies against Quincy-loyalist Constitutionalists, splitting the vote. This is known as the Southron Movement. The Patriots under Artemas Ward Jr. get in with a large majority.

Abdul Hadi Pasha and Esad Ali Bey begin their campaign against the Saud family and their Wahhabi faction in Arabia, using their Omani ships to land troops to perform pincer movements against the Saudi forces and lead them on wild-goose chases.

**June:** Robert Conroy dies when he is run over by a steam carriage. Joshua Catskill(Churchill) takes over control of the PSC browncoats. This represents his return to power after being demoted by his father for the Edinburgh incident, and his influence through the browncoats and the Unnumbered gives him disproportionate power.

Morgan's Bank of Metropolis(New York) opens first branch in London.

Lord Ruthven The Vampire is first spotted terrorizing London( *The Vampyre,* from which Ruthven originates, exists in *Twig*).

Servia (Serbia) revolts and tries to break away from Ottoman control. The Russians under Heinz Kautzman, frustrated at the resistance of Prince Stephanos Ypsilanti in Moldavia, issue propaganda which particularly affirms Slavic solidarity and accuses the 'collaborationist' Greeks like Ypsilanti of being traitors to Orthodox Christianity.

Around this time, Émile Perrier ascends to the (informal) leadership of the Blanc Party in France, reforming the *ultraroyaliste* group and making it appeal to a broader group of voters by championing causes such as regionalism and criticising Bonaparte's centralisation of power.

**July:** First formal meeting of the Indian Board in Guntoor, consisting of representatives of the British, French and Nuetralese(Portuguese) East India Companies as well as the Danish Asiatic Company. The Dutch are excluded.

Death of Horatio Hornblower(Nelson) in Naples at the age of 71. He receives a state funeral. The absence of the 'Grand Old Englishman' and the resulting power vacuum throws Neapolitan court politics into a state of flux for some years.

Moritz Wilhelm Quedlinburger (AKA Mo Quedling), an immigrant originally from Prussian Arzotzka(Poland), is first elected to the Keystone(Pennsylvania) General Assembly as a Radical.

**August:** As part of a scheme between Chancellor Warthausen of Osterlich(Austria) and Foreign Minister Vauguyon of France, Francis II weds Henrietta Eugénie, daughter of the Duke of Orléans. Despite Henrietta's unorthodox views on the role of women in politics that had made her infamous in French high society, the couple rapidly take to each other.

Artemas Ward Jr. sends Lewis Thresher, Henry Lewis and John Vann (among others) to negotiate with the Seven Fires Confederacy. They manage to end the war and convince the Confederacy to allow white settlers to pass through a narrow corridor of their territory, so long as they do not settle there. Vann also attempts to recruit the Sioux to the 'Tortolian Idea' of a pan-Indian cultural alliance to resist white domination, but the Sioux–who consider the Cherokee to be more than half white themselves–refuse.

Keystone(Pennsylvanian) Confederate-level Constitutionalist leader Ralph Purdon forms a new party focusing on frontier issues. His insistence that the party is “neutral” on the slavery issue means it is dubbed the Neutral Party by the press. Following the Confederate election, the Neutrals form a coalition with the Radicals; when the Neutrals break onto the national stage the two parties form an electoral pact.

In the Caucasus, Russian Marshal Dmitri Arakcheyev is frustrated with the slow progress of his armies, partially because many of the Caucasian peoples prefer Ottoman to Russian overlordship. Arakcheyev receives unexpected reinforcements from Colonel Arkady Pavlovich, who comes from the Far East with some of the Russo-Baltish(Lithuanian) Pacific Company's Yapontsi nindzya (Japanese ninja) fighters. Though they do not play a major role in the campaign on paper, they will become an enduring part of the war's legacy in Russian culture.

*L'Aigle* returns to France in triumph, with Audoin and Paley having collected considerable samples from French Antipodea and the South Seas, and Paley working on his theoretical ideas about evolution.

**September** : Artemas Ward Jr. covers for the perception of weakness from treating with the Seven Fires Confederacy by securing the handover of the American Squadron from London to Fredericksburg control. It is soon nicknamed the 'Imperial Navy'.

Forces from Russia's allies of Baltish(Lithuania), Courland and Navarre assist Heinz Kautzman in Moldavia, helping push back the forces loyal to the Ottomans. In particular, Alexander Potemkin comes himself at the head of the Courlander army, helping heal the old wounds of the Russian Civil War.

Having distracted the Wasabi(Saudis) and drawn their forces away, Abdul Hadi Pasha and Esad Ali Bey successfully take possession of the holy cities of Mecca and Medina from them.

**October** King Ferdinand of Italy dies. Some rebellions in Italy break out upon news of his death, especially in Venetia, but less than many expected. Francis II refuses to contribute troops to putting them down due to his focus on the Ottoman war, which arguably helps the Italian Bomhursts(Hapsburgs) by making them stand out more from their Osterian(Austrian) counterparts and meaning they are seen as less foreign rulers than before. Ferdinand's son and heir Leopold, Duke of Lorraine, comes south from Strassburg to put down the rebels and take control of the country as the new King.

A Greek revolt against the Ottomans begins, prompted by high taxes exacted by the Balkan Party government to fund the war against the Osterians(Austrians) and Russians.

**November:** Francis II of Osterlich(Austria) comes to Belgrade and proclaims the new Electorate of Servia, in personal union with Krakau.

Thanks in part to Alexander Potemkin personally leading a forlorn hope at the Siege, Russian and allied forces take the city of Jassy in Moldavia. This alarms the Bomhursts(Hapsburgs), who do not want Wallachia to fall into Russian hands as well.

**December:** Sarajevo falls to the Bomhursts(Hapsburgs) under General Alvinczi after the Balkan Party Ottomans are forced to retreat to avoid being surrounded due to Bomhurst(Hapsburg)-controlled Servia(*Look to the West*).

**1820**

**January:** The Neutralese(Portuguese) land forces at Couaite [Kuwait] under Admiral Orlando Coutinho and takes control of the key port, according to the provisions of their secret 1816 treaty with Persia. However, both the Persians and Neutralese(Portuguese) East India Company had assumed this would not take place until after the war, due to the Persians not wanting to cooperate too publicly with a Christian power. This mess-up is due to the Neutralese's(Portuguese's) centralising “Aveiro Doctrine” which meant that Coutinho rather than the PEIC was placed in charge of the intervention, and considerably dents the Persians' credibility with Shi'ites in Mesopotamia, cancelling our Grand Vizier Nader Sadeq's otherwise effective print-based propaganda campaign.

Creation of Liberal Party in Northern Confederation.

Alvin Miller is 19 when he ends his Apprenticeship with Makepiece Smith(*The Tales of Alvin Maker*).

**February 1:** Uprising in Mexico City.

**February:** Grand Duke Peter (Petras) of Baltish(Lithuania) institutes reforms that reorganise the Seimas (parliament) to split the elected representatives between the different classes of society, meaning for the first time commoners have a voice in government, albeit a small one.

**March:** The Persians retake the city of Nishapur (lost in the Turco-Persian War) as its Helmaj(Afghan) masters have now collapsed into anarchy.

When the Persians march on Agrabah(Baghdad) they find it defended by Azadis and forces sent by Abdul Hadi Pasha. A long siege sets in.

The Wasabis(Saudis) march on Mecca and Medina (occupied by Abdul Hadi Pasha's forces) but Abdul Hadi uses his superior power-projection abilities to send another army to take the Wasabia(Saudi) capital of Diriyah. This forces the Wasabi(Saudi) leader Faisal bin Saud to split his forces as he cannot ignore either insult for long.

**April:** The Neapolitans take advantage of Ottoman weakness to descend upon Tunis, conquer it and turn it into a colony, giving them considerable control over the passage of the central Mediterranean. Rhetoric from King Gennaro I about a new Roman Empire defeating a new Carthage alarms the Kingdom of Italy. However, Tunis will turn out to be often more trouble than it is worth.

In the ENA, Radical Party leader Henry Tappan retires from politics and is replaced by Eric Mullenburgh. Due to Mullenburgh viewing John Alexander's embrace of Catholic relief as being a cynical ploy, he emphasises the Radicals' own longstanding commitment to the issue and cracks down on deviants in both his own party and their Neutral allies. Because of this, anti-Catholic Neutral MCP Arundel Ogilvy is expelled from the party. He joins with the Salem Movement, a Confederate-level anti-Catholic party in New England, to form an Imperial counterpart party, the Trust Party (a reference to the Orange Order Motto “In God is my Trust”).

**May:** Due to the Russians blocking his forces from further expansion in the Azeri lands in the Caucasus, the Persian Shah-Advocate Zaki Mohammed Shah decides to focus on Mesopotamia as he continues his intervention in the Ottoman Time of Troubles.

Birth of Faruq Kalam, later known as the Mahdi, near Delhi in the Neo-Mughal Empire.

**May 4:** Suggs(Jackson) returns to Mexico City.

**June:** In Osterlich(Austria), “Empress” Henrietta Eugénie gives birth to a son, Rudolf Ferdinand.

The Kingdom of Italy finally intervenes in the war with the Ottomans by supporting the nascent Greek rebellion.

The French Grand-Parlement passes a law extending the maximum length of its parliaments between elections from two to four years.

**June 15:** Chamber of Representatives accepts proposal to unite Jefferson and Mexico.

**July:** Having outmaneouvred the Wasabis(Saudis), superior generalship on the part of Esad Ali Bey and Abdul Hadi Pasha successfully destroys much of the Saudi army piecemeal, including the death of Faisal bin Saud on the battlefield. His son Aziz takes the remnants of the Wasabi(Saudi) forces and flees to the southern city of Jizan, where they will rebuild their strength in exile. This gives Abdul Hadi's faction control over most of Arabia, including the Islamic holy cities.

**August:** Danish explorer Malthe Conrad Bruun, as part of his survey of southern Africa, lands in Genosha(Madagascar). He will later recommend a stopover colony be planted there.

Around this time, the formerly opposing American Indian alliances of the Seven Fires and Three Fires decide to merge in order to better resist American colonial encroachment, having weathered the Lakota War together. The new alliance is called the Thirteen Fires–the other three fires being the Attignee and Arenda Hurons, and Joseph Dashwood's white escaped convicts as an honourary “tribe”.

**September:** The Osterians(Austrians) reach the Black Sea, having pushed through Wallachia and Dobruja, much to the Russians' annoyance. They set about consolidating their conquest, unpopularly annexing Wallachia directly to Zubrowka(Hungary). The Ottoman-allied Prince Stephanos Ypsilanti of the Danubian principalities manages to escape to Arztozka(Poland) in exile, provoking diplomatic protests from Russia when he is received by the Arztozkan(Polish) court.

**September 22:** Chamber of Representatives arrives in Mexico City to inaugurate Constitutional Convention.

**September 28:** Suggs(Jackson) proposes United States of Mexico.

**October:** Italian Admiral Enrico Mazzini wins a great symbolic victory over the naval forces of the Ottomans (or at least their Balkan Party faction) at the Second (actually Fourth) Battle of Lepanto.

The Khan of Kalat, reacting to the collapse of the West Durrani Empire (and having somewhat expanded his own domain in consequence) agrees to become a vassal of Persia.

**November:** Ibrahim Salim Pasha, Governor of the Eyalet of Syria, abandons the Shadow Faction of Ottomans in favour of Abdul Hadi Pasha, in part thanks to pressure from the minorities under his rule suspicious of the Shadows' Islamic supremacism. The “Three Faiths Under One Flag” banner is designed at this time.

The Persian General Ardeshir Gholami, in command of the troops besieging Agrabah(Baghdad), comes closest to taking the city when he manages to breach the walls in several places. However, his attempt comes to naught when Azadi infiltrators sabotage his cannon(*Look to the West*).

**1821**

**January:** When Abdul Hadi Pasha meets 'Ibn Warraq', leader of the liberal Azadi faction in Damascus, it is revealed that 'Ibn Warraq' is actually Abdul Hadi's brother Said Mehmed Pasha. With this revelation the balance of power in the chaotic Ottoman Empire is immediately altered.

**February:** Russian astronomer Yakov Struve publishes observations of the deviation of Dionysus' [Uranus'] orbit and proposes that there must be a hypothetical eighth planet beyond, which is provisionally named Ariadne [Neptune].

Joseph Dashwood persuades a group of Thirteen Fires Indians to pursue the idea of agricultural settlement to help boost the Confederation's population and power. Although the idea of a more sedentary life is somewhat controversial to many of the Sioux, the experiment has more appeal with the Hurons and is eventually successful. The Confederation's population also grows due to the absorption of Indians of the Gigaboo (Kickapoo) and Winnebago tribes being expelled from Cismississipia by American colonists and fleeing westwards.

**March**: Having given up on taking Agrabah(Baghdad), the Persians attempt to bypass and surround it and strike straight for Najaf under General Amir Moderi.

*The New Eden* is published in German translation. Saxon thinker Albrecht Bergner gives an accompanying critique of the book; the idea that the automata in *The New Eden* are steam-powered (which goes on to dominate practically all dramatisations and popular-culture images of the book) actually stems from this critique.

The slaver Sebastián Duarte, on his third slave raid of Autiaraux, is defeated and enslaved in turn by the Mauré unified against his threat, who blow up his ship *El Dorado*.

**April:** The capital of the Empire of New Maestrazgo(Spain) is officially moved from Veracruz back to the rebuilt Mexico City. The capital of the Kingdom of Mexico is moved from Tokyo(San Francisco)(which had always been a rather artificial site, its officials often absentee) to Veracruz. A captaincy-general is installed in San Francisco to govern the Californias semi-autonomously.

Amir Moderi's Persians reach Najaf, but beset by Azadi Kleinkrieger activity and harried by Abdul Hadi Pasha's forces, are unable to hold the city and retreat, a long bloody process commemorated in the poem “The Retreat from Najaf”.

**May:** An expansionist Ayutthaya, working its way down the Malay Peninsula, invades Kedah and Perak.

After several Russian military successes in the Caucasus, Russia's ally the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti is expanded into a full Kingdom of Pottsylvania(Georgia). Attempts to create a vassal Armenian kingdom in the same way fail due to a Russian failure to appreciate the political complexities of the struggle, often driving rival Armenian factions to support one or the other of the Ottoman claimant governments.

Having had more success on the eastern front against the Durranis, the Persians decide to effectively withdraw from the Ottoman front of their war, settling for their relatively minor Mesopotamian conquests. They have been successfully repelled from Agrabah(Baghdad), lending much glory to Abdul Hadi Pasha and the Azadis.

The Pere de Portolà, having been an eminence grise for many years, officially becomes chief minister of Naples (and de facto all the Three Sicilies).

**June:** End of the Philippine War, with Castile (backed by Neutralese(Portugal)) being victorious and gaining unchallenged control over the islands. The Sultanate of Sulu has also expanded its influence in the Muslim south of Mindanao.

The Empire of New Maestrazgo(Spain) charters the Atlantic Pepper Company, which sells mostly Maguadoran(Guatemalan) peppers to Europeans, taking advantage of the Orientalist craze for spicy Indian food.

Levering Conspiracy (slave revolt) in the South Confederation, a Slave Revolt led by Martin Levering.

Anti-Slavery Society established in Norfolk, Apodidraskiana(Virginia).

**July 18:** State elections held in USM

**July:** An Italo-Russo-Danish ICPA fleet pursues pirates into Siamese waters and clashes with the small Siamese navy. A minor undeclared war results.

**August:** Death of Peter IV “the Great” of Neutralese(Portugal). He is succeeded by his son, who becomes John VI. John will go on to replace many of his father's ministers, attempting to escape his father's shadow, but for the moment struggles to establish his primacy. In the background, his ally Jorge de Lencastre, 9th Duke of Aveiro is influential in pushing his centralising 'Aveiro Doctrine' though he does not officially become a minister for some time.

Leopold of Italy makes his younger brother Joseph King of a newly proclaimed Kingdom of Greece. Joseph converts to Orthodoxy to gain the support of the Greeks.

In Osterlich(Austria), birth of the second son of Francis II and Henrietta Eugénie, Joseph Charles.

**August 12:** First elections held for USM Assembly.

**September:** The University of Corte opens in Corsica. It is notable for being the first university to admit female students, although at first only for certain subjects.

**September 5:** Suggs(Jackson) elected first President of the United States of Mexico.

**November:** Death of John Pitt, Governor-General of British India.

King Joseph of Greece is crowned in Nafplion(Look to the West).

Napoleon Bonaparte declares himself Emperor, which causes a stir and demands for his death via guillotine. This triggers another revolution and France splits into a civil war after Napoleon falls ill with gout(*Code Geass*)(Altered to include the events of The Tales of Alvin Maker).

The British empire retook the US using biologically engineered warbeasts, reanimated corpse-soldiers, and industrially manufactured plagues and poisons(*Twig*).

**1822**

**January:** A black slave named Caesar Bell escapes his master in Apodidraskiana(Virginia). He becomes the leader of a group of escaped slaves ruling themselves in the Wilderness of Spotsylvania, aided by surreptitious shipments of weapons and supplies from Freedonia smuggled into Virginian ports on Royal Africa Company ships.

**February:** Meridian President-General Vallejo is still halfway through important negotiations with the New Maestrazgoan(Spanish) that will lead to normalisation of relations. He makes the controversial decision to run for a second term, despite having made his political name partly through criticism of Carriego for doing the same. Splits and disagreements in both parties mean that Vallejo does manage to win, but with only 29% of the vote; his nearest competitor is independent “Blanco” candidate and relative of the first President-General, Felipe Riquelme. Though incredibly unpopular, Vallejo does succeed in normalising relations with New Maestrazgoan(Spain) in his second term.

Governor-General Carpentier of French Hidalgo(Guyana), recognising the market for peppers grown there, decides to quietly start recruiting political prisoners from the penal colony there as overseers and guards as he illegally begins expanding the pepper slave plantations and creaming a share of the profit off for himself. In practice the freed Jacobins soon begin running the colony themselves as Carpentier takes a back seat, a period known as the “Phantom Republic”.

**March:** Pascal Schmidt leaves Hesse-Kassel, knowing he is about to be imprisoned by Duke William II for his writings. He initially goes to Hesse-Darmstadt, where he meets up with his friend Wilhelm Brüning, and they begin touring Germany together (under false passports) and collecting notes for a book.

**May:** American general election. Artemas Ward Jr.'s Patriots lose their majority, challenged by the Radical-Neutral Alliance on one side and the surging Whigs on the other, the Whigs broadening their appeal beyond 'the pro-slavery party' by advocating Catholic relief. Ward resigns as leader of the Patriots, being replaced by Josiah Crane. The hung parliament is resolved by the Whigs pledging to support the Patriots in response for concessions. Many see this as a 'corrupt bargain'; the Freedish artist Pueblo Jonas paints “In Memoriam”, claiming that American liberty is dead.

Creation of Whigs or Conservative Party in Northern Confederation(*For Want of a Nail*). As a response to the corrupt Bargain.

Alvin is a Maker, and he can now make a new future for America. However, to do that he must defeat his ancient enemy, the Unmaker, whose cruel whispers and deadly plots have threatened Alvin's life at every turn.

Now a grown man and a journeyman smith, Alvin has returned to his family and friends in the town of Vigor Church to share in their isolation, to work as a blacksmith, and to try to teach anyone who will learn the knack of being a Maker. Alvin has had a vision of the city he will build, and he knows that he cannot build it alone.

However, the Unmaker is not through with Alvin. If that spirit of destruction cannot stop him by magic or by war and devastation, it will try to crush the young Maker by simpler means: more human means. By lies and innuendo and by false accusations, Alvin is driven from his home back to Hatrack River, only to find that the Unmaker has been there before him and that he must now stand trial for his life. Against him in the trial is Daniel Webster.

Meanwhile, Alvin's brother Calvin has started to grow into his own knacks, which he views to be equal to Alvin's. When Alvin returned to Vigor Church; he found that Calvin had been doing all of the jobs that Alvin had done prior to his apprenticeship. When Alvin started to teach how to be a Maker, Calvin resented how he felt he was being treated and decided to learn how to be a Maker on his own but by any means that he deems necessary. He finds passage to the United Kingdom and then to the courtship of Emperor Napoleon, who is in Paris, to treat him for his gout. By healing Napoleon's pain each day, Calvin spends a few hours a day learning on how to rule. Calvin makes a friend in Paris; leaves with him to Américain; and leaves Napoleon, who is healed from ever feeling pain again(*The Tales of Alvin Maker,* *Alvin Journeyman*).

In Northern Qing (Beiqing) China, the eminence grise General Liang is assassinated by a disgrunted junior officer. The state descends into a power struggle that creates a distraction and ultimately delays direct confrontation between the two Chinas.

**June:** Persia creates an Emirate of Basra out of their southern Mesopotamian conquests under a puppet Emir, one of the al-Sabah family. Real power rests in the Persian resident there, Nader Sadeq–demoted from Grand Vizier due to failures of his policy during the war.

After four years in Goa, Pablo Sanchez (now one of the PEIC's rising stars) leaves for a more prestigious post in China–initially in Neutralese(Portuguese) Formosa.

**August:** The last act of intervention by Persia in the Ottoman Time of Troubles. Aided by Neutralese(Portugal) supplying ships, an army travels across the Persian Gulf and begins the conquest of Qumar(Oman), having been stripped of defences by Esad Ali Bey some years before.

**September:** Start of the Great Famine of 1822, with potato blight afflicting countries reliant on the potato as a staple, such as Balinderry(Ireland), Arztozka(Poland) and Prussia. Emigration picks up with many Irishmen going to New Maestrazgoan(Spanish) Texas. In Britain, Catskill(Churchill) is praised for a swift response to the crisis with aid for Balinderry(Ireland), and the Anglo-Irish Friendship Society is organised to support Balinderry(Irish) refugees. Its 'asterisk' symbol, an English on an Irish cross, goes on to inspire the symbol of the Runnymede Movement. On the other hand, Scotland is rather neglected, particularly the Highland Crofters, who suffer badly.

Partly as a result of the famine, the Osterian(Austrian) and Russian wars against the divided Ottomans largely grind to a halt and peter out, with the Russians having taken the Crimea, Moldavia and some Caucasus territory, the Osterians(Austrians) having taken Servia, Wallachia and Dobruja, and Greece having become independent under the brother of the King of Italy. The Bomhursts(Hapsburgs) now control almost the entire course of the River Danube, leading to a new popularity for the name “Danubian Monarchy” to describe their holdings.

Potato-dependent Arztozka(Poland), Bohemia and Prussia also suffer particularly badly from the famine. Perceived lack of action on the part of Saxony and the Bomhursts(Hapbsurgs) (respectively) foments resentment in Arztozka(Poland) and Bohemia.

**November:** In the Crimea, slowly being conquered by the Russians, the Jews form the resistance movement later known as the Masada Legion, led by David Levitin and Yitzhak Volynov.

After a much-criticised attempt by Prime Minister John Ponsonby to delay the election with the emergency of the potato famine as an excuse, the Kingdom of Balinderry(Ireland) votes in its fourth election since the new constitution of 1801. For the first time the Patriots, Ponsonby's party (and the descendants of Henry Grattan's supporters) loses control in a landslide. The result is a three-cornered parliament between the Patriots, the reactionary Liberal-Conservatives and the extremist Radicals. Fearful of the Radicals–who are fuelled by proletarian anger over the potato famine–the Patriots opt to support Liberal-Conservative leader Lewis Abbott as Prime Minister.

**December:** Persians (with Neutralese(Portuguese) help) take the Qumar(Omani) capital of Muscat. Sultan Sayyid flees to the interior city of Nizwa to carry on a Kleinkrieger war. The more hardline Ibadi Islam of the region will influence him and his supporters in years to come.

**1823**

**January:** The Persians install a distant cousin of Sultan Sayyid, as puppet Sultan of a rump, vassalised Qumar(Omani) state, the 'Sultanate of Muscat'. He takes the name Sultan Bakarat bin Hamad al-Sayyid. As payment for Neutralese(Portugal's) help in the conquest, Muscat is opened up to Neutralese(Portuguese) trade and the Neutralese(Portuguese) take direct control of the Qumar(Omani) African trading colony of Zanzibar. They recruit many Persians to help, meaning Zanzibar acquires a considerable Persian minority.

Pablo Sanchez is sent on a spy mission to Yapon (Japan) by the PEIC, who want to scout out how the Dutch are interacting with the southern court. He makes observations of Izumo Han, but does not enter Niihama(Nagasaki)–just as well, as the four spies sent there are all caught and executed. Sanchez records the Izumo Daimyo turning to the Russo-Baltish(Lithuanians) at this time for assistance against their traditional Mori enemies, allied to the southern court.

**February:** Apodidraskianan(Virginian) colonists arrive in New Apodidraskiana(Virginia) in Antipodea, establishing Norfolk as their capital.

The Treaty of Nashborough is signed between the Confederation of Catawba(Carolina) and the Grand Duchy of New Bordeaux( Orleans), fixing the disputed border between the two entities and their respective Indian federates. This is significant because it represents the first time a Confederate government concluded a treaty without the direct involvement of the Imperial American government.

Optel semaphore communication across the English Channel–using balloon-based intermediary Optel stations–is first demonstrated, and a company is set up to realise the idea fully.

French writer Yves Buillard publishes *The Iron Revolution*, another seminal work part of the “Automata Craze” in which he draws upon the themes established in *The New Eden* and mixes them with an allegory for the French Revolution.

Moritz Benyovsky, approaching the end of his life, is the most powerful man in Japan and has changed the Far East forever. But he is bored. The adventurer Thorvald Nielsen tells him of a lost Zubrowkan(Hungarian) tribe in Africa, and he goes on one last adventure with his friends to save them.

**March:** The scuffle between Siam and the ICPA is resolved. The incident will be exaggerated into a heroic defence against European imperialism by the Siamese.

Frederick Paley publishes *On the Abolition of Species*, in which he outlines his Theory of Environmental Breeding as a mechanism of evolution. Naturally the book proves very controversial.

The Persian-Neutralese(Portuguese) alliance largely breaks down due to a disagreement over Bahrain, which the Neutralese(Portuguese) claim as an old colony and the Persians support the Al-Makhdur ruling family there as they have long supported the Zands. Neutralia(Portugal) eventually backs down. Although the two countries continue trade relations, their close working relationship has been irreparably damaged and the Persians start looking to broaden their options by cooperation with alternative European powers.

Bank of the Northern Confederation created.

**April:** Suggs(Jackson) goes on "grand tour" of USM, visiting all six states(For Want of a Nail).

The Danes establish the fort of Johanneshavn (on the site of the old French Fort Dauphin) in Genosha( Madagascar).

The Tropical Fruit Company, founded by the Catawban(Carolinian) Wragg brothers and the scientist Colm Macallister, is floated on the Metropolis(New York) Stock Exchange. It is the first company to focus on supplying the products of the Gulf to the northern American Confederations and Europe. Macallister's published observations on the French plantation system in Lemoyne(Louisiana) go on to inspire “The Burden”.

Abdul Hadi Pasha, having control over Egypt, Arabia, Bialya(Syria) and Mesopotamia, finally sends his armies north against the Shadow Faction. Esad Ali Bey becomes his viceroy of Egypt.

French military engineers duplicate Britain's hail shot, meaning the secret weapon is no longer exclusive to Britain and her allies. The design soon proliferates to other major powers.

After some months working in Neutralese(Portuguese) Formosa, Pablo Sanchez is able to procure a move to Hanjing, capital of Feng China (OTL Guangzhou/Canton) as it intrigues him. He becomes the third most senior of the Neutralese(Portuguese) 'Hongmen' traders there. Influential life experiences he has there include becoming addicted to opium and breaking his addiction, working with the 'Gwayese' intermediaries, and observing that the Chinese have similar corresponding titles of nobility to European powers.

**May:** In the ENA's Continental Parliament, John Alexander takes advantage of poor attendance that day in Parliament by his Patriot coalition partners to table a motion for Catholic emancipation, which is supported by his Radical-Neutral enemies. The few remaining Patriots present, led by Solomon Carter, fail to stop the motion and it passes by three votes. A furious Lord President Josiah Crane dissolves the coalition and struggles on leading the Patriots as a minority government. John Alexander resigns from Parliament and returns to Cuba, having achieved what he desired, and is succeeded as Whig leader by Johnson P.Annabour(Benjamin Harrison) VII.

As part of the Neutralese(Portuguese) 'Aveiro Doctrine', the Brazilian Cortes in Bahia–which had operated for ten years–is dissolved in favour of direct rule from Lisbon.

The British inventor Joseph Paxman invents the Paxman Process for asimconic selection (photographic fixing).

**June:** While serving as Meridian Ambassador to Britain, Pablo Portillo meets Moronite prophet Weston, who (despite viewing as a fool) he encourages to settle in Tierra del Fuego to help stake a Meridian claim to the island. The Meridian government agrees.

The Trust Party/Salem Movement, incensed by the new Catholic relief law, raise a rebellion in South Massachusetts. The Confederate government is granted troop-raising powers to subdue this uprising.

**October:** Ambarino(Colorado) Party takes control of the Meridian Cortes and pushes through voting reform, leading to universal (male) suffrage. Reforms are also implemented to fix the issues with the last presidential election, with the President-General now standing for a single six-year term without re-election, and a two-round voting system being introduced.

**1824**

**February:** Amid a bitter winter, at the cost of many lives, the Russians finally land on the Crimean peninsula and begin rolling up the Khanate forces.

Alvin marries Peggy, and they conceive a daughter. Alvin, Verily Cooper, Arthur Stuart, and Mike Fink are joined by John James Audubon, a French-speaking painter of birds. This group go to a Puritan-dominated place near Boston and end up confronting the witch laws.

Meanwhile, Peggy has gone to the Crown Colonies - slave states that ruled by the Stuart dynasty in exile - in an attempt to free the slaves. Purity is introduced, a Puritan girl whose parents were hanged for their knacks, which are considered witchcraft by the Puritans. Purity meets Alvin's band and Arthur Stuart tells her the whole story of their travels. Purity goes away convinced they are witches and tells a local witcher, Quill, who is evil and twists her words against her and the boys. Quill intends to hang them as well as Purity.

Alvin whisks away Arthur Stuart, Mike Fink, and Audubon by leading them into the greensong that lets them run hundreds of miles without tiring, but turning back without the others en route. Alvin gives himself up to the men sent to bring in the "witches" while Verily hides for the moment. Quill has both Purity and Alvin running in tight circles to wear them down - a semi-legal form of torture, intended to make them confess to witchery. Verily comes by and loudly scolds Quill in front of the crowd, saying it's inhumane.

At the trial, Verily Cooper makes a case for overturning the witchery laws: in all previous witch trials, it was the witcher who brought up any connection with Satan, while the defendant had been too beaten down to resist. The judge, John Adams, is sympathetic, but realizes that a sudden overthrow of long-kept laws will cause social instability. However, based on Verily's evidence, he suspends the licenses of all witchers in New England for alleged misconduct; since, to reinstate their licenses, a witcher would have to prove his claims in a normal court, and since this is impossible, it effectively ends the practice of witch trials while leaving the laws on the books.

Calvin has come back to America from France with Honoré de Balzac, the French boy-writer. The two meet up with Peggy and Calvin gets himself in serious trouble(*The Tales of Alvin Maker*, Heartfire).

**February 12:** Suggs proposes various reforms, including the spread of slavery to the other states of USM and increased cotton production, beginning of Mexico-French alliance.

**March:** The Khai(Thai) conquest of Kedah and Perak is completed, alarming Europeans trading in the region.

The Russians under Dmitri Arakcheyev finally conquer the city of Artvin after a long siege, aided by Pavlovich's nindzya assassins. This represents the final territorial conquest of the Russians in the Caucasus, as the Shadow Faction Ottomans are now reunited under the leadership of Bozoklu Ali Pasha and the Persians have turned on the Russians, supporting rebellions in the Russian Empire's new Azeri subject regions. Russian expansion therefore grinds to a halt.

**April:** Augustus Frederick, crown prince of Saxony, announces his intention to convert to Lutheranism. This disqualifies him from also inheriting the kingship of Arztozka(Poland), beginning the “Arztozkan(Polish) Question”.

The power struggle in Beiqing China is resolved with the Chongqian Emperor appointing Zeng Lisi, a cousin of Zeng Xiang, as prime minister. Lisi does not have his relative's political skill and is regarded largely as a neutral figurehead to make peace between factions.

**May:** In China, the Feng authorities complain to their European partners about opium smuggling, warning that individual offenders will be excluded from the China trade. The European trading companies sign a pact against the practice, while the Feng create a legal monopoly for (taxed) opium distribution and begin building a coastal navy to enforce their law.

**June:** Abdul Hadi Pasha's forces take the centralcity of Angora from the Shadow Faction, badly weakening the latter.

Start of the Aceh War as the Dutch East India Company tried to take over Aceh for its pepper resources, but the Acehnese resist with help from the Portuguese.

**July:** The brutal and hated Osterian(Austrian) military governor of Bavaria, Wolfgang von Arnstein, is killed by the Hiedlerite Kleinkriegers. In response the Osterians(Austrians)–now no longer distracted by the Ottoman intervention–crack down with large numbers of veteran troops. This temporarily brings a peace of sorts to the 'Bavarian Ulcer'.

Nurul Huq visits Britain after being shipped there by the British East India Company. The experience changes his views somewhat, with him becoming more of a general social equality crusader than a nationalist one when he returns to Bengal.

**August:** In the Ottoman Empire, the Balkan Party drives the weakened Shadow Faction from the city of Bursa.

**September:** Elections in France. The Bleus barely hold onto power, betraying that the French people have become fatigued with Bonaparte's stranglehold on power. The Blancs see a boost in strength while the Rouges continue to struggle due to Artaud's extremism and incompetence. This prompts Jacques Drouet (brother of General Drouet from the Jacobin Wars) to pay Artaud a visit and kill him and his hidden bodydugards in a “duel” with a new revolving pistol manufactured by the Fleming Maurice Bergmann. The scandal boosts public interest in the new technology. Drouet turns himself in to the authorities and is transported to the penal colony in Cayenne.

**October:** “The Burden”, a controversial work which espouses equality between the white, red and yellow races while mounting an intellectual defence of slavery, is published anonymously. Its supporters become known as “Burdenites”. It will not become known until 1828 that the author is Catawban(Carolinian) politician Andrew Eveleigh.

André Malraux is elected new leader of the Rouge Party in France, and immediately begins work on restoring the party's credibility after the disastrous Artaud years.

**November:** Ottoman Sultan Murad VI, who had vanished into hiding at the start of the Time of Troubles, re-emerges and endorses Abdul Hadi Pasha's faction.

Battle of Teawa, in which Moritz Benyovsky and his allies defeat the Sennaris and save the Magyarab, at the cost of Benyovsky's life when he and Sultan Unsa IV slay each other. The new colony of Russian Wadiyea(Erythrea) is created. Peter Molnár marries a Magyarab woman named Zoltana and they have a son, István.

**December:** Pascal Schmidt and Wilhelm Brüning publish *The Discerning Traveller's Guide to Germany* under the collective pseudonym “Rudolf Danziger”. The book proves a best-seller, with the authorities being slow to realise that its apparently innocent travel-guide content hides a thinly-disguised ideological agenda aimed at toppling the petty German monarchies and creating a united republican Germany.

**1825**

**January:** Khan Devlet V of the Crimean Khanate is killed in a last stand at Qirm as the Russians conquer the last traces of his Khanate. His son Devlet VI has fled into exile in Balkan Party-controlled European Turkey.

Alf Stotts, working as a European officer (his status as an officer based on a bluff) for the Feng Dynasty in China alongside his friend Jack Barton, is promoted to Major.

**February:** First Meridian presidential election held under the new constitutional rules. Ambarino(Colorado) candidate Sebastián Velasco defeats Amarillo candidate Raúl Fuente.

In Africa, Darfur intervenes in the Sennari civil war following the death of Unsa IV at the hands of Moritz Benyovsky. However, with the Darfuri army engaged, this leads to a revolt in the western region of Wadai, conquered by the Darfuris in the 1780s.

**March:** With John George V of Saxony on his deathbed, the Polish Sejm issues a statement praising their dying King but warning they will exercise their constitutional right to nominate his successor upon his death, with no automatic hereditary succession. This is known as the “Arztozkan(Polish) Letter” and sparks outrage in Dresden, arriving the day after John George passes away. His eldest son Augustus Frederick succeeds him as Augustus II of Saxony. He proposes his younger (and still Catholic) brother as King of Arztozka(Poland), but in such a hot-blooded letter that it alienates the Arztozkans(Poles) further.

In Autiaraux, the Mauré sign the Treaty of Tetaitocquerau, sealed with marriage alliances, which unifies the nation against outside threats.

**April:** King Charles X of France reaches his majority. His long-serving Prime Minister turned Emperor Bonaparte, recognising the people are tired with his rule, is ready to retire, but hesitates over naming a successor. His longstanding ally and would-be political heir François Vauguyon is driven to jealousy by (possibly untrue) rumours that Bonaparte was considering trying to have his eldest son installed as PM. Vauguyon resigns as Foreign Minister, abandons Bonaparte and joins Perrier and the Blancs. Adolphe Réage (nephew to Admiral Réage) becomes Foreign Minister in his stead, and Bonaparte is forced to continue as Emperor(Prime Minister in the original).

The famous debate at the Royal Society over Frederick Paley's Theory of Environmental Breeding. Erasmus Maturin(Darwin) III and Francis Maturin(Darwin) (“the brothers Maturin(Darwin)”) initially reject the theory over concerns that the age of the earth is insufficient to allow such a process. However they accept Sir Andrew Black's suggestion that disasters such as floods might accelerate the process, which forms the basis of the Catastrophist theory. Paley himself rejects this and instead claims that the age of the earth is much longer than current theories say, which forms the basis of the Gradualist side of an argument that will run for decades.

**August:** The first boatload of Moronites arrives in Tierra del Fuego. Weston the prophet soon dies of a fever, but new leader William Frobisher advances the idea that the native Fuegians represent unfallen humanity, which will define the Moronites' later actions.

**October:** Saxony, Russia, and the Bomhursts(Hapsburgs) are all trying to put their own candidate on the throne of Arztozka(Poland). The Interrex (manager of the succession) wants to keep Arztozka(Poland) neutral and also believes a native Arztozkan(Polish) king would create too many factional divisions and rob the country of international credibility. Therefore, he invites a minor Italian Catholic ruler to become King of Arztozka(Poland), either King Victor Felix I of Sardinia or Duke Rainaldo IV of Lucca. The Sejm votes for the latter and he takes the regnal name Casimir V, moving to Warsaw and leaving Lucca under the viceroy Paolo Geminiani.

The mysterious death of John Catskill(Churchill), Duke of Marlborough, on the 31st. He is discovered sitting in his chair in his room in Blenheim Palace with his brains blown out, but speculation will never resolve whether he was assassinated or committed suicide. He is discovered by his son Joshua, Marquess of Blandford, who uses the opportunity to try and seize control in his stead.

**November:** On the 70th anniversary of the Lisbon Earthquake, Arztozkan(Portuguese) King John VI can say that the city is now greater than it was before the disaster.

Joshua Catskill(Churchill) goes to Parliament and attempts to have himself made Prime Minister, but fails to impress the House, with opposition leaders David Attwood (Radical) and William Wyndham (Tory) both giving speeches casting scorn on him, and even part of the Phoenix Party rebelling against him. This is the first example of a death-vote (confidence vote) in history. Joshua reacts by shooting Attwood and sending in the PSC browncoats to arrest Parliament en masse. Several MPs are killed, many escape, but the rest are locked in the Tower of London. When Joshua goes to Frederick II to be made Prime Minister, he finds the King has fled–eventually coming to America. Joshua proceeds to rule as a dictator with an empty throne, with the support of the House of Lords alone.

General election in the ENA. A combination of the news of the death of Churchill (making a mockery of recent Patriot rhetoric) and a scandal concerning the sales of peerages means the minority ruling Patriots are reduced to the third largest party group behind the Whigs (fuelled by newly enfranchised Catholic voters) and the Radical-Neutrals. The Patriots fragment into three groups: a few Craneite loyalists, a large number of pragmatists under Solomon Carter, and a group of more principled MCPs under the newly elected Philip Hamilton. A government is formed by the Whigs supported by the Carterite Patriots, with Johnson P.Annabour(Benjamin Harrison) VII becoming Lord President(*Look to the West*).

Hagen Bill in Mechicoe(Mexico), provides for land grants to settlers in undeveloped areas(For Want of a Nail)

Anti-Slavery Society joins with other anti-slavery groups to form Southern Union(For Want of a Nail).

**December:** The last remnants of the Shadow Faction of the Ottoman Empire are destroyed by Abdul Hadi Pasha and the Balkan Party. These two remaining factions continue to fight, but with a singular lack of enthusiasm due to war-weariness after seven years of Time of Troubles(*Look to the West*).

**1826**

**January:** A political cartoon in *The Ringleader* is the first recorded evidence of the Runnymede Movement using its purple 'asterisk of liberty' flag.

King Frederick II arrives in America, initially being detained by the Preventive Cutter Service due to his disguise, but being rescued by the Lord Deputy. Lord President Johnson P.Annabour(Benjamin Harrison) VII receives the King but cannot promise military intervention against Joshua Catskill(Churchill) (“Blandford”) due to the platform on which the Whigs were elected.

The new American government passes the Quinquennial Act (1826) which extends the maximum length of a parliament between elections from three to five years.

Suggs introduces failed bill to enslave anyone with at least 1/4 black ancestry.

**February:** End of the Aceh War, with the Dutch having failed to take control of Aceh but the Arztozkan(Portuguese) largely being too distracted by interventions elsewhere to take advantage of this.

The Duke of Aveiro officially becomes chief minister of Arztozka(Portugal), having informally been an eminence grise for several years previously.

With the support of Lord Salisbury and Lord Devonshire, Joshua Catskill(Churchill) consolidates his rule and attempts to find a candidate to fill Great Britain's empty throne, using the same constitutional reasoning as the Glorious Revolution. His two main choices (due to familial connections) are William II, Duke of Hesse-Kassel, and Charles II, Duke of Brunswick.

**March:** The Grand Duke of Lemoyne(Louisiana) has become suspicious of Governor-General Carpentier's activity in French Hidalgo(Guyana), though he does not suspect the truth. He sends his chief minister, the Vicomte de Barras, on the ship *L'Avant-garde* to investigate. Carpentier tries to cover up what has happened, but Barras smells it out, and in the ensuing fight, Carpentier and Barras are both killed and *L'Avant-garde* is sunk. A longboat survives and gets back to Nouvelle-Orléans (via Paramaribo) with the news. The psychotic Sans-Culotte soldier Denis Radiguet takes over the now unmasked 'Cayennaise Republic'. Exactly what happened next is unclear, but it seems that Radiguet told the Jacobins to retreat into the interior as the Grand Duke sent forces to re-establish control, and (despite his Racist views) freed slaves to cover their escape with chaos.

Death of Louis Chappe, father of Optel. His son succeeds him as head of his company.

**April:** Neapolitan writer Luciano Piraneo writes another influential entry in the “Automaton Craze” period, *The Cogwheel Turns*, in which he proposes a cyclical state of civilisation in which automata overthrow humans, make their own automata to serve them, grow lazy and decadent, and are overthrown in turn. The ending of the book, which controversially suggests that humans might not be the first turn in the cycle, is removed by censors in most editions, giving it a rather abrupt end in place.

The “Galway Scandal” breaks in Ireland. The *Dublin Register* reveals that the Liberal-Conservative government of Lewis Abbott has been deliberately passing laws supposedly intended to reduce the burden of mouths to feed after the potato famine, but actually with the intention of forcing poor Catholic farmers to emigrate and then seizing their land. Abbott manages to survive as Prime Minister by rallying the people against the threat of Joshua Catskill(Churchill) and calling up new regiments, but these policies are reversed. However, many poor Irish Catholics have already emigrated, usually to New Maestrazgo(Spain) or the UPSA.

**May:** Augustus II of Saxony abolishes the unpopular feudal tax “socage” and replaces it with a new taxation system, a move intended to appeal to the common people. Saxony's later resistance to Populism is often attributed to this move acting as an appeasement to moderates who otherwise might back a radical movement.

In Africa, the Wadai revolt against Darfur is put down with the use of Mameluke mercenaries under Gamal ar-Rashidi. However, the mercernaries are dissatisfied with their reward of Wadai lands and instead push further west on their own initiative to seize control of Bornu.

**June:** The Scottish anti-Catskill(Churchill) revolt that becomes known as the “Inveraray Men” begins in Glasgow.

In China, Governor Xu Taihua of Anhui Province dies. As Anhui lies between the two rival Chinese regimes' spheres of influence, this leads to the 'Anqing Incident' when both attempt to appoint replacements and five years of scattered, inconsequential skirmishing ensues. Major Alf Stotts fights for the Feng in both this war and the following First Siamese War.

**July:** Joshua Catskill's(Churchill's) browncoats take advantage of their control of the Optel system by enforcing a new anti-assembly law before the public itself has been notified. The result is the mass arrest of a Runnymede Movement protest on De Trafford Common in Manchester. Their colleagues in Birmingham try the same trick but the secret is leaked, and the Runnymede Movement radicals fight back, forcing the browncoats to call for the cavalry. This results in the infamous Sutton Massacre.

**August:** Pablo Sanchez visits the Philippines and meets his old acquaintance Captain Sintra, who has found the wreck of the *Guaymas*, a sunken treasure ship from the Philippine War. Sanchez is able to use his connections with the PEIC to organise a mission to recover the treasure. They hire divers from the Friendly Islands (Tonga).

**September:** The Flemish engineer Johan Buysse and his wife accidentally discover the principle of chemical batteries.

**October:** Around this time Wilhelm Brüning and Hermann Klein set up the Committees for German Democracy, a secret “Schmidtist” society operating mainly in the Mittelbund, whose role is to spread the ideas of Schmidt and other German nationalists and infiltrate the current regimes.

**November:** The *Pont Aérien de la Manche*, the Channel Skybridge, officially opens, allowing Optel semaphore communication across the English Channel. A message sent in London can arrive in Paris as little as two hours later.

Negotiations between Joshua Catskill's(Churchill's) regime and his two potential royal candidates are resolved. Due to a mutual dislike with William II of Hesse-Kassel, Catskill(Churchill) allows the negotiations to be leaked, stoking up resentment against William II from his subjects for the idea he would abandon them so easily. Instead of Charles II becoming King, by a land trade he takes over Hanover in exchange for Hanover's governor Richard FitzGeorge, Duke of Camford(Cambridge)–related illegitimately to the British royal family–to go over and become King.

**December:** Stadtholder William VI of the Netherlands dies of pneumonia. He is succeeded by his son, who becomes William VII. William VII is young and inexperienced and ends up relying on prominent members of the States-General for advice, particularly Oren Scherman.

**1827**

**January:** The Zollverein, the German customs union led by Saxony, now incorporates Swabia, the Alliance of Hildesheim, both Brandenburgs and the Mittelbund. All these states use the *Koalitionsthaler* (Concert Dollar), and the Arzotzkan(Polish) zloty (also used by Prussia) is pegged to it.

William Frederick, Duke of Nassau, is the first German ruler to realise *The Discerning Traveller's Guide to Germany*'s subversive content and ban it.

Having made a fortune from his share of the wreck of the *Guaymas*, Pablo Sanchez resigns from the PEIC and returns to Spain.

**February:** Johan Buysse and the Dutch scientist Jacob Luns publish *Acidic Electrics*, describing the chemical electricity phenomenon discovered by Buysse. The book will eventually be considered one of the most important scientific publications in history, but in the short term makes little impact due to the distraction of the Popular Wars.

Former ENA Lord President Josiah Crane dies. His remaining supporters go over to the Hamiltonite Patriots, and a by-election for his empty seat is also won by the Hamiltonite Patriot candidate.

Gamal ar-Rashidi and the Mamelukes take over Bornu and he proclaims himself *mai* (king). He soon alienates many by cracking down on the Fulani interpretation of Islam.

**March:** Charles Theodore II of Flanders dies childless. He is succeeded by his younger brother, a military commander more sceptical of cooperation with the Dutch, who takes the regnal name Maximilian II Charles (the regnal numbers are counted from those of the Palatinate).

Richard FitzGeorge, Duke of Camford(Cambridge), is crowned King Richard IV of Great Britain in New St Paul's.

Wilhelm Brüning publishes the popular engraving “The Eagle's Wings”, depicting a surreal and grotesque twist on the usual symbol of the Holy Roman German eagle with the coats of arms of the different states on its wings, instead depicting the eagle's two crowned heads with manic eyes, slashing bloody wounds in the wings and each other while birds representing other countries take advantage–a metaphor for how Germany's internal division under its petty monarchies weakens it.

**April:** Pascal Schmidt publishes his autobiography, *Jean de Lisieux: My Part In His Downfall*.

As a consequence of the Sennari defeat by Moritz Benyovsky,

**August:** Browncoats are sent to arrest Hugh Percy, 3rd Duke of Northumberland, an opponent of Joshua Catskill's(Churchill's) rule. One of his sons is killed in the attack, but Percy himself escapes and flees to the Isle of Man (enroute to Ireland).

**September:** Browncoats under one Andrew Wilson go to the Isle of Man to demand Percy be handed over. Governor Sir Malcolm Greening, hating Catskill(Churchill) and his father, joins with the insulted Tynwald to help Percy escape to Ireland. Wilson retaliates with a brutal revenge attack on the island–the infamous Rape of Man.

Death of Henri Rouvroy, father of Adamantianism, in Corsica. He dies on the eve of the Popular Wars, which his writings would be a significant ideological influence upon.

**October:** The Friendly Islands are conquered by Apehimana, Warlord of the United Mauré.

Schmidtist students in Berlin stage a symbolic move against the regime of Duke Frederick William II by (in dead of night) hanging a huge version of Brüning's “The Eagle's Wings”, painted on a sail, across the front of Schloss Charlottenberg.

**November:** Joshua Catskill(Churchill) has the House of Lords pass a law that annexes the Isle of Man as just another English county, and makes Wilson its governor.

An American inventor named Nebuchadnezzar Grimes receives a patent for a cotton-thresher (cotton-gin), a machine which makes cotton harvesting far easier and therefore cotton a more profitable crop. It is soon realised by anti-slavery forces in the ENA that this will also make chattel slavery far more economically viable (and lead to an overly specialised economy) unless they act soon(Look to the West)

Alvin and Arthur stay at a boarding house in which mixed-blood children are cared for by Papa Moose and Mama Squirrel. There, Alvin uses his knack to cleanse the mosquitoes and disease from a well. A young woman, whom the people call Dead Mary, sees what he has done and asks him to come with her and heal her mother, who has yellow fever. Because Alvin heals her, yellow fever spreads throughout Nueva Barcelona (Louisiana) and averts an impending war with the United States over slavery. As the fever spreads, people begin to suspect Papa Moose and Mama Squirrel because Alvin has been healing everyone he can, which radiates outward through the city. Alvin is then approached by La Tia, an African woman, who wants him to help all the slaves and the displaced French to escape Nueva Barcelona. Alvin reluctantly agrees.

Alvin's brother, Calvin, at the behest of Alvin's wife, Margaret, comes to help. Calvin raises a thick fog, and Alvin uses his blood by magic that he learned from the Red Prophet Tenskwa-Tawa to construct a crystal bridge across Lake Ponchartrain to the north. Arthur helps Alvin with the bridge. While the escapees flee north, they take food and provision from plantations along the way and free any slaves they find. Alvin goes to Tenskwa-Tawa on the other side of the Mizzippy to ask for safe passage through the Red Man's lands so that they can escape the pursuing army. Alvin and Tenskwa-Tawa put on a show by holding back the Mizzippy River to allow the exodus of people from Nueva Barcelona to cross, and the pursuing army can do nothing but watch. Calvin leaves with Jim Bowie and Steve Austin to conquer the Mexica. Verily Cooper is sent by Margaret to seek out Abe Lincoln and get his help to figure out what to do with all the runaways when they reach the Noisy River Territory.

Alvin discovers that Tenskwa-Tawa has been collaborating with La Tia to create a volcanic eruption under the Mexica, who are becoming increasingly threatening. Alvin sends Arthur to initiate the eruption and warn his brother, Calvin, who ignores the warning but still manages to escape. Bowie and several others leave with Arthur. The people travel through the Indian lands using the greensong, which allows them to move more quickly. When they reach the Noisy River territory, Lincoln and Cooper have decided to create a new county so that they can appoint their own judges, who will resist the law to return slaves to their masters. There, Alvin starts to build the crystal city that he saw in a vision. He realizes that not everyone has to have maker skills, but people can contribute in their own way by felling trees, digging the foundation, etc. However, all is not well. Calvin and Bowie arrive and decide to stay(*The Tales of Alvin Maker, The Crystal City*).

**December;** The Feng Chinese authorities discover that the Dutch East India Company is still involved in opium smuggling in defiance of their treaty obligations.

Joshua Catskill(Churchill) sends an envoy to Dublin to demand the Irish hand over the fugitive Percy; Dublin Castle's gate remains closed and it flies the Cornubian flag in a silent response of defiance(Look to the West).

**1828**

**January:** Baltish(Lithuanian) writer Jonas Sasnauskas writes *The Golem*, a play on the Automata Craze that transfers the same concepts to seventeenth-century Prague and the legend of the Golem. This is considered to be the start of the 'Golem' subgenre of Automaton Fiction, essentially being the fantasy counterpart to its science fiction in OTL terms. The book is particularly promoted in Osterlich(Austria) due to its technophobic (and often anti-Semitic) leadership.

Pablo Sanchez uses some of his riches to enroll in the University of Salamanca in Castile, studying history, geography and linguistics. Although supposedly a student, his experience from travelling the world means he is soon treated more as an unofficial lecturer by many, and is popular with the students.

Pascal Schmidt and Wilhelm Brüning publicly reveal they are the real authors of *The Discerning Traveller's Guide to Germany*, at the same time releasing a new more overtly political book. Officially it is called *On the Failures of the Current Regimes*, but it is generally known under the informal title *Spitting at Fires*, based on a metaphor Schmidt used to describe the regimes' ineffective attempts at suppressing German nationalism.

**February:** In the last major territorial change of the Ottoman Time of Troubles (amid the far more low-level conflict remaining) Abdul Hadi Pasha's forces take the city of Bursa from the Balkan Party.

The ENA's Continental Parliament passes a series of laws known as the Proclamation of Independence, severing the final ties between itself and Great Britain (save the monarchy itself). This is part of a deal worked out between Frederick II and Lord President Johnson P.Annabour(Benjamin Harrison) VII along with Abraham Lincoln to try and send aid to anti-Catskill(Churchill) rebels, a sop to the Whigs. As part of this, the ENA's armed forces are officially split off (a de jure recognition of a long de facto state) and the Imperial Navy is chartered.

The beginning of the Brazilian rebellions in Recife and Olinda. Their exact nature is unclear, with revolting slaves being a part of it, but white liberals wanting Enlightenment ideals and self-rule also being possibly involved. Their causes are also vague, ranging from frustration with the Aveiro Doctrine and punishing taxes or tariffs to paranoia over attacks from the jungle that may be connected with the escaped French Jacobins from Cayenne. Whatever the cause, rebellion begins and the Aveiro Doctrine means the Neutralese(Portuguese) are slow to respond, the Viceroy needing authorisation from Lisbon for many things.

The Feng impose punishing tariffs on the Dutch and order them to vacate their colony in Formosa. Many Dutch traders go over to the Flemish Ostend Company, which shares many facilities with the Dutch and is not affected by the sanctions. The Chinese are not militarily capable of expelling the Dutch from Formosa, but call on the other Europeans to do so.

**March:** Opening of Trevithick's masterpiece, the Moscow-Tula railway.

Elections in France. For the first time the Bleus are significantly defeated, with the Blancs almost achieving a majority in their own right. Napoleon Bonaparte resigns as Emperor and leader of the Bleus in favour of Adolphe Réage as temporary leader and goes into retirement at Angers. Perrier becomes Prime Minister and Vauguyon Foreign Minister. The Rouges under André Malraux also make significant gains.

The ENA Continental Parliament passes the Naval Settlement Act (1828) and the Protection of Ireland Act (1828), which respectively allow British forces defecting from Catskill(Churchill) to join the ENA's forces, and pledges the ENA to intervene if Catskill(Churchill) tries to conquer Ireland. But Frederick II wants more, and Johnson P.Annabour(Benjamin Harrison) VII works harder to try and get it…

In Britain, the prison hulks on the Thames are filled due to the browncoats' mass arrests of Runnymede radicals. Joshua Catskill(Churchill) has the native people of the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Arran displaced to turn them into penal colonies.

In Africa, Gamal ar-Rashidi's control of Bornu collapses when the city is taken by the first combined Hausa-Fulani revolt for a generation. However, the unity fails to last long, and fighting between the two soon breaks out. The Fulani declare a jihad against the Hausa, led by Usama al-Gobiri, better known as Abu Nahda.

**April:** ENA Lord President Johnson P.Annabour(Benjamin Harrison) VII contracts pneumonia and dies as a result of a long speech in a cold church hall urging Whig Party supporters to back the King's wish for intervention against Catskill(Churchill). Solomon Carter briefly takes over as Lord President while the Whigs elect a new leader, who–narrowly–is Andrew Eveleigh, racist, isolationist and near-republican. Any attempt by Frederick II to get the ENA to intervene against Catskill(Churchill) now seems doomed.

In a speech, German Populist leader Wilhelm Brüning coins the term “Rattenfänger Revolte” or rat-revolt (meaning “astroturfing”) when he dismisses the Young Germans movement as marching to the pipe of the King of Saxony. This declaration will be somewhat awkward for him later on.

**May:** George Washington Alexander, the fifteen-year-old son of John Alexander, attempts to sail around the island of Tropico(Cuba) in a small boat with a friend. His father beats him for his disobedience and then treats him to a gala dinner for his courage.

**June:** With the Neutralese(Portuguese) hampered in their response to the rebellion in Pernambuco, the overzealous Dutch West India Company commander and Governor of West Hidalgo(Guyana), Hendrik van Nieuwenhuizen, takes advantage of rebel Pernambuco isolating loyal Neutralese(Portuguese) Hidalgo( Guyana) from the rest of Brazil. Van Nieuwenhuizen, an ex-VOC man, is more used to the political climate of the East Indies, where European forces working for rival trade companies can clash without it escalating into a general war, and sends his forces to capture the Neutralese Hidalgo(Portuguese Guyana) settlements of Belém and São José de Macapá. The corvette *Centauro* is fired on by the Dutch and escapes to Admiral Saldanha's fleet, with Saldanha sending a ship to alert Lisbon. This is the start of what becomes known as the *Escalada* (Escalation) into the Brazilian War.

The Governor of Neutralese(Portuguese) Formosa, Fernão Laginha, proposes that Dutch Formosa be transferred to Castile in order to maintain the balance of power. Of course, as Castile is a subordinate ally of Neutralese(Portugal), in practice this would boost Neutralese(Portugal)'s power in the region. After Laginha agrees to transfer a part of the territory to Great Britain, the British and French give Neutralese(Portugal) carte blanche to intervene. However, Dutch Governor Hendrik Cuypers refuses to vacate the colony unless given a letter signed in the Emperor's name.

The new French government breaks with the former's foreign policy largely for the sake of it, Perrier wanting to outline a new course to define his government, and threatens the alliance with Osterlich(Austria). This leads to resentment in Osterlich(Austria) towards Francis II's French wife and francophile court, which in turn means they remain secluded in the Schönbrunn Palace more often.

Frederick II, frustrated at the Eveleigh government being unwilling to help him, is approached by an alliance of pro-abolition forces who want to see the end of slavery in Apodidraskiana(Virginia), which includes Abraham Lincoln. Eveleigh radicalising the debate on the pro-slavery side and driving moderates away, as well as the economic consequences of the cotton-thresher upon planters owning other types of plantations, has helped build a broader anti-slavery coalition. Frederick agrees to help, more to get revenge on Eveleigh and try to topple his regime than any particular abolitionist feelings on his own part.

In China, General Yu dies. His warlord state, long since shrunken to only Yunnan province, descends into chaos.

**July:** News of Van Nieuwenhuizen's actions in Hidalgo(Guyana) reach Lisbon and are received with outrage, treated as attacking without a declaration of war. Rumours blow up, with many people muddling the news and believing that the rebellions in Pernambuco have been more successful than they actually are. John VI immediately retaliates by sending Admiral Ferreira's fleet to attack the Dutch Navy in harbour.

Pascal Schmidt completes his magnum opus, *The Inevitable Germany*, in which he sets out his ideas on what a united republican Germany should look like. Unlike his other books, this is not a collaboration with Wilhelm Brüning, as the latter is busy organising protests and intrigue against the Mittelbund rulers, especially the unpopular William II of Hesse-Kassel. It will not be fully published for some years, though extracts are used in revolutionary pamphlets.

**August:** Second Battle of Flushing. The Neutralese(Portuguese) under Admiral Ferreira win a Pyrrhic victory over the numerically superior Dutch fleet in a surprise attack, sinking or taking many Dutch ships while still in harbour. The Dutch, unaware of Van Nieuwenhuizen's actions (or the seriousness of them) treat this as an unprovoked attack, meaning both sides in the war now regard the other as the aggressor. The States-General–led by the increasingly powerful Oren Scherman–declare war on Neutralia(Portugal), despite Statdholder William VII's reservations, and give the order for the VOC to send reinforcements from the East Indies to help defend the Dutch Republic, now stripped of many of her warships.

**September:** The Neutralese(Portuguese), with British help, invade Dutch Formosa.

Frederick II marries Elizabeth Washington in Fredericksburg. On the way back from the wedding, the Governor of Apodidraskiana(Virginia), Gordon Blair, 3rd Baron Williamsburgh, is killed in a carriage crash. His Lieutenant-Governor is himself on his deathbed, prompting a constitutional crisis.

The American troops guarding the Susan-Mary penal colony, acting on orders from Fredericksburg to expand the colony, begin massacring the nearby Menominee Indians and driving them off their land. Their actions may have been particularly motivated by the rumour that the Menominee had been helping escapees. One such massacre is witnessed by some Ojibwa Indians, who report back to the Thirteen Fires Confederacy. The Thirteen Fires' leadership are incensed, calling for revenge, and Joseph Dashwood sees a new opportunity…

**October:** The Dutch are expelled from Formosa. Governor Hendrik Cuypers retreats to Batavia, where–thanks to the death of the Governor-General there–he finds himself as the most senior VOC officer in command of the Far Eastern forces, which have been ordered home.

Swabia opens a key new railway between Baden and Zürich.

Frederick II addresses Apodidraskiana(Virginia)'s House of Burgesses, saying that while he could use his royal power to appoint a new Governor, he instead suggests instituting a directly elected governorate. Eveleigh opposes this, realising that the King-Emperor is up to something, which exposes him to much ridicule as it goes against his usual principles. The House of Burgesses agrees to create the office, and crucially the election will have universal (white male) suffrage.

**November:** Burma, under the leadership of Thado Thant, takes advantage of the chaos in Yunnan to launch a military intervention.

**December:** Radical revolutionaries in the city of Montevideo rise up and begin contesting with the Neutralese(Portuguese) authorities for control of Cisplatina. In the UPSA there are calls for an intervention on the rebels' side, but for the moment President-General Velasco refuses. He is waiting for the outcome of his secret negotiations in Lima with the New Maestrazgo(Spanish).

Amid rumours of a Christmas uprising in Madrid, Pablo Sanchez travels there and gives a speech condemning war and conflict as pointless. He is heckled and attacked by the crowd, being uninjured but badly shaken and shocked by the experience.

### **The Popular Wars(1829-1834)**

**1829**

**January:** Hendrik Cuypers sends a Dutch East India Company fleet under Admiral Willem Zoutman to the Netherlands as reinforcements. En route they raid Neutralia's(Portugal's) colonial possessions.

A discontented Pablo Sanchez returns to Salamanca. An Enlightenment-minded reactionary lecturer called Víctor Marañón influences Sanchez with his contempt for the 'priest-ridden' lower classes, even though Sanchez considers him a fool.

Paul I, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias, dies. He is succeeded by his son, Grand Duke Peter of Baltish(Lithuania), as Peter IV. This is not without controversy, as Peter is culturally more than half a Baltish(Lithuanian) and wants to introduce some of Baltish's(Lithuania's) governmental reforms to Russia. Peter is succeeded by his son Constantine as Grand Duke of Baltish(Lithuania).

**February:** Rebels in Montevideo formally proclaim the Cisplatine Republic, but for the moment the new state's existence remains largely notional as the rebels continue to war with Neutralese(Portuguese) loyalists.

“Emperor” Francis II of Osterlich(Austria) commands that Bavaria–currently pacified under tight military occupation–be normalised, with the withdrawal of some troops, in preparation for its direct integration into his dominions.

Insurrection of 1829, large-scale slave revolt in Southern Confederation,

John Calhoun gives Defense of the Realm speech opposing abolition.

The Confederation of Apodidraskiana(Virginia) holds its first gubernatorial election. Because this is the first election of its type in the English-speaking world, there are many candidates, multiple ones from the same parties. Sir James Henry, 3rd Baronet, the Mayor of Norfolk, wins the election with a relatively small percentage of the vote (thanks to the first-past-the-post voting system). Although an ideal Whig candidate on paper (and publicly disliking the institution of monarchy), Henry secretly favours the abolition of slavery, being an ideal trojan horse for the King's conspiracy.

**March:** With all of Kemalia(Turkey)-in-Asia under his control, Abdul Hadi Pasha attempts a siege of Balkan Party-held Constantinople, but his tired and unenthusiastic army does not make much headway.

The secret negotiations at Lima between the UPSA and New Maestrazgoan(Spanish) are discovered by the Meridian press, prompting calls of betrayal from many of President-General Velasco's Ambarino(Colorado) supporters, who wanted him to help the radical rebels in Brazil only to find him consorting with the UPSA's traditional, conservative enemies.

A brief attempt in Rio de Janeiro to set up a 'Carioca Republic' is crushed by loyalist troops–Rio remains one of the most loyal parts of Brazil.

Balinderry(Ireland) holds a general election. Held amidst public anger with Prime Minister Lewis Abbott's policies in the Galway Scandal but coupled to fear over the crisis with Joshua Catskill(Churchill), the result is a confused mess in which the Liberal-Conservatives lose seats and the Patriots and Radicals gain them. In the end, Patriot leader Augustus Hodges becomes Prime Minister, supported by the Liberal-Conservatives to keep the Radicals out. Hodges tries to make a clean break with the Galway Scandal policies (encouraging poor Catholics to emigrate) but mishandles the affair–now a war with Joshua looks imminent, some people *want* to leave and resent being told to stay. In response to the government formation, two new groups spring up: the League of Right in Ulster demanding voting rights for Presbyterians and Dissenters, and the *Páirtí na bhFeirmeoirí* (Farmers' Party) in Connaught and Leinster, poor Catholics demanding land reform. The latter is due to the fact that the Radical Party is now being influenced more by 'New Citizens'–more worldly Catholic voters who moved to the cities due to the potato famine and are becoming petit-bourgeois–so many among the remaining rural Catholics feel the Radicals no longer represent them.

After some success against the collapsing Yunnan warlord regime, the Burmese face an intervention in turn from the Threefold Harmonious Accord (the Siamese and their allies).

**April:** The VOC fleet under Zoutman attacks Neutralese(Portuguese) Zanzibar and does considerable damage with a bombardment. The Neutralese(Portuguese) eventually bring in more Persian workers to help rebuild.

In the UPSA, Ambarino(Colorado) President of the Cortes, Enrique López, formally disowns President-General Velasco and withdraws the support of the party from him. However, Velasco withdraws his own supporters from the Ambarino(Colorado) Party–a significant faction–and is able to gain support from unaligned Blancos in the Cortes and the temporary backing of the Amarillo Party under Rámon Almada. This loose coalition will form the basis of the later Adamantine Party.

Sir James Henry takes office as Apodidraskiana(Virginia)'s first elected Governor.

**May:** Zoutman's fleet visits the Cape Colony. Zoutman takes many of the ships stationed there with him, despite the wishes of Governor Adriaan Rhenius, who fears another rebellion if the Cape is stripped of too much military force. Zoutman splits off a quarter of his ships under Rear-Admiral de Vries and sends them to aid Van Nieuwenhuizen in Guyana.

The Treaty of Lima is signed between the UPSA and the Empire of New Spain. Some of its provisions will remain secret for several years, but in the short term the two New World powers pledge to work together against the Portuguese. New Spain formally declares war on Portugal and her allies.

**June:** The UPSA declares war on Neutralia(Portugal) and sends troops across the River Plate to aid the rebels in Cisplatina and Rio Grande do Sul.

The ENA's Continental Parliament passes the Preventive Occupation Act. Spearheaded by Lord President Andrew Eveleigh, this law reacts to Joshua Catskill's(Churchill's) regime in Great Britain by pre-emptively taking over the administration of British colonies in the Americas and Antipodea, by force if necessary. In theory this is supposed to be a sop to the Emperor's demand for intervention against Joshua, but in practice it is largely motivated by Eveleigh's desire to expand the power and influence of the now fully independent ENA. The new Imperial Navy is instrumental in enforcing the Act. As a result of this, colonies including New Kent, Cascara(the Falkland Islands), Cayuna(Jamaica), Bermuda and the rest of the British West Indies fall under American control.

**July:** Rear-Admiral de Vries' Dutch fleet scouts out northern Brazil and, after finding that order has only recently been restored to the city of São Luís, descends on it and takes it from Neutralese(Portuguese) control. Meanwhile, the main Dutch force under Admiral Zoutman rounds Guinea, but is discovered by a Neutralese(Portuguese) trader, Felipe Cunhal. Cunhal uses his fast ship to speed back to Lisbon and alert the authorities.

**August:** With Meridian help, the revolutionaries in the Cisplatine Republic expel Neutralese(Portuguese) loyalist forces. The Meridians move into neighbouring Rio Grande do Sul, which is also in revolt.

Alerted by Cunhal of the Dutch VOC fleet's approach, the Neutralese(Portuguese) government debates whether to risk their fleet in open combat considering the risk from the New Maestrazgoan(Spanish) Armada if the two fleets destroy each other and leave Neutralia(Portugal) undefended. The Duke of Aveiro suggests instead sending the Castilian Armada as a sacrificial lamb, with a small elite Neutralese(Portuguese) force including new weapons designed by Estêvão Marques.

In Scotland, the Men of Inveraray rebellion is defeated at the place that will retroactively give them their name. Captured in the battle is ex-Royal French General Lewis MacDonald, who had been helping the rebels, in part due to his Scottish ancestry. However, a remnant manages to escape, including the popular commander James Stuart, 6th Earl of Bute.

In America, the Thirteen Fires Confederacy stages a series of attacks on the border of the Susan-Mary penal colony, each seemingly an isolated pinprick but serving to draw out the troops guarding the colony–made up of the 112th Vandalia Fusiliers and the 23rd New Connecticut Hussars. Meanwhile, Joseph Dashwood activates infiltrators in the colony who encourage the convicts to rise up against the few remaining troops there.

**September:** The traveller and diarist John Byron III famously records his impressions of a Schmidtist protest at the Orangerie in Hesse-Kassel.

Battle of Cape St Vincent between the Castilian-Neutralese(Portuguese) fleet under Fernando Díaz and the Dutch VOC fleet under Zoutman. The Dutch outnumber their opponents but are at the end of a long journey, while the Castilians and Neutralese(Portuguese) are operating out of nearby home ports. Both fleets are becalmed at first, allowing Estêvão Marques' secret weapons–steam tugs towing sailships equipped with long-range rifled cannon and hot shot guns–to bombard the helpless Dutch from a difference, inflicting some losses. The wind then picks up and a more conventional battle is joined. The battle is judged a Castilian-Neutralese(Portuguese) victory, but a Pyrrhic one, with few ships from either side surviving to return home.

The remnants of Admiral Zoutman's fleet arrive in Amsterdam. Oren Scherman tries to suppress the news of the defeat, which only spreads it further due to private operators on the semaphore network. The *Nederlands Dagblad* openly publishes the news in the form “many telegraphers are discussing…” Scherman sends his bullyboys to shut down the paper's offices, and in the fight an oil lamp is knocked over, burning the building down. This starts an escalation with Vordermanites and Patriots protesting against the government.

Opportunistic Neutralese(Portuguese) ships led by Captain Tristão Gonçalves raid the now almost defenceless Dutch coast, prompting more protests and uprisings against Stadtholder William VII and Oren Scherman. William tries to appeal for help from Maximilian II Charles of Flanders, but Maximilian (due to Scherman's regime raising taxes on Flemish traffic through the Scheldt) demands Scherman be dismissed and the Dutch seek peace with Portugal before he will help suppress the revolt.

French Foreign Minister Vauguyon goes to London in an attempt to try and establish relations with the Joshua Churchill Catskill(regime), but is rebuffed, the paranoid Joshua accusing France of complicity in the revolts against his rule, with General MacDonald–who he has publicly executed in front of Vauguyon–as evidence. Vauguyon returns to France in a fury.

The Thirteen Fires warriors surround and trap the two American regiments out of Susan-Mary, exploiting the latter's arrogance and failure to appreciate the Indians' grasp of tactics until it is too late. The two regiments are almost completely destroyed, but inflict grievous losses on some of the Indians in the process, especially the Ottawa and Yanktonai. The incident impresses the importance of horses in warfare on some former sceptics among the Indians.

**October:** William VII agonises over Maximilian's offer, but eventually agrees. However, Scherman has grown too powerful and launches a coup, imprisoning the Stadtholder (claimed to be on health reasons) and cracking down as an absolute dictator. Maximilian reacts by proclaiming Scherman's regime to be illegitimate and launching an invasion of the Netherlands. The 16th, when Flemish troops crossed the border, is often held to be the true start of the Popular Wars in Europe.

Rumours of the nature of the Battle of Cape St Vincent (i.e. Castile being forced to take a bullet for Neutralia(Portugal)) leak out, and boosted by the actions of New Maestrazgoan(Spanish) agents, public anger grows…

**November:** Maestrazgoan(Spanish) public fury ignites into the First Maestrazgoan(Spanish) Revolution, starting in Salamanca with the university students rising up. Pablo Sanchez attempts to talk them down, and is shocked at the sudden contempt from students who formerly had great respect for him. The incident influences his ideas about the nature of war being like a 'feverish rage' that destroys the capacity for rational thought.

Using Italian mercenaries, Duke William II of Hesse-Kassel captures Pascal Schmidt while he is giving a speech. Although successful, with Schmidt being imprisoned in the Schloss Wilhelmshöhe, the brutality and rumoured depredations of the Italians serves to drive many moderate Hessians to the Schmidtists' side.

Start of the Superior Revolution (and the Superior War): Dashwood's activity is successful and the Susan-Mary colony rises up. Although the colonial authorities manage to hold the southern half of the colony on the Michigan Peninsula, they lose everything on the northern side of Lake Michigan. A bloodied sergeant of the 23rd Hussars, having escaped his regiment's annihilation at the Indians' hands, makes it to the Peninsula to report the event.

**December:** On Christmas Eve, the “Hessian Revolution” begins as the newly bolstered Schmidtists attack the Schloss Wilhelmshöhe to rescue Schmidt. They succeed, but the battle is bloody and Schmidt's voice has been damaged by torture, meaning he is less of a charismatic speaker than before. Nonetheless they force William II to flee to neighbouring Hesse-Darmstadt, where Duke Ludwig XII sends troops to try and crush the revolt.

Death of Gennaro I of the Three Sicilies at the age of 58 from pneumonia. He is succeeded by his son Charles Louis under the name Luigi I; young and hot-blooded, Luigi dismisses the now-aged Pere de Portolà and replaces him with Leonardo Hornblower(Nelson), son of Horatio Hornblower(Nelson) and of like mind. As a compromise he is forced to appoint his uncle Francis Philip as Chancellor of State. With a decent understanding of what is coming, Luigi reforms government in Sicily to prepare for potential revolts there(*Look to the West*).

**1830s**

Malcolm McGregor accumulates immense wealth.

**Early 1830s**

Creation of Bank of Mechicoe(Mexico).

**1830**

**January:** Joshua Catskill(Churchill) announces that, as with the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Arran, he will now clear the Channel Islands of their inhabitants and use them as a penal colony as well as a naval base aimed at France. The alarmed Bailiffs and States of Guersey(Jersey) and Guernsey send envoys to France, saying they will switch their recognition to Charles X as legitimate Duke of Normandy and thus their feudal seigneur. There is the legal loophole that Sark, being an absolute monarchy, does not however have this option. Prime Minister Perrier, on his own initiative–and to Charles X's anger when he learns of it–sends a French fleet to the islands to take possession.

With his troops in danger of mutinying, Abdul Hadi Pasha abandons his siege of Constantinople.

John VI of Neutralia(Portugal) sends a peace envoy to the UPSA, intending to accept the loss of Cisplatina and Rio Grande do Sul in exchange for the UPSA's withdrawal from the war. However, the envoy's mission is overtaken by events. Meanwhile, the Neutralese(Portuguese) attempt to crush the Meastrazgoan(Spanish) revolts with small numbers of troops, keeping the majority of their army in Neutralia(Portugal) in case of invasion. The attempt is only partly successful, but it does drive some Maestrazgoan(Spanish) revolutionaries into Aragon, including Esteban “El Sombro” Flores, which spreads revolutionary activity further in the formerly quiescent Neapolitan-ruled region.

Ludwig XII's Hesse-Darmstadt troops fail to crush the Schmidtist revolt in Hesse-Kassel, with many of them going over to Schmidt's side. With this victory, Schmidt, Brüning, Klein and the other revolutionary leaders officially proclaim the *Volksrepublik Deutschland*, generally translated as the Populist Republic of Germany.

As the ENA is short on troops due to sending many abroad to enforce the Preventive Occupation Act (1829), Lord President Andrew Eveleigh calls on the Confederate governments to raise more soldiers. Apodidraskianan(Virginian) Governor James Henry rallies to his cause and orders the creation of new Apodidraskianan(Virginian) regiments. In order to pay for this, he proposes a new super tax which targets slaveholders, using inflammatory language in which he accuses the slaveocrats of always weaseling out of serving in wartime so a heavier tax burden should fall on them.

**February:** Charles X dismisses Perrier as Prime Minister over the Channel Islands fiasco and demands the Grand-Parlement produce another candidate, but this begins a constitutional crisis. Joshua Catskill(Churchill) is pleased to hear of the French attack on the Channel Islands as it gives him an excuse for further crackdowns and seems to justify his paranoia. He declares war on France and sends a fleet to retake the islands under Admiral Collingwood, who–as soon as the fleet is out of sight of Portsmouth–turns on the remaining Joshua loyalists and leads the fleet off to defect to America.

The Sardinian Revolution begins. Influenced by their Corsican neighbours, the revolutionaries are resentful of both high taxes and King Victor Felix's disdainful attitude for the island he reluctantly rules.

The Catawban(Carolinian) General Assembly passes the Black Code Act, which imposes an anglicised version of the French colonial *Code noir* throughout the Confederation and therefore ensures more rights for slaves and punishments for those that mistreat them. This is the price for a deal by which Catawba(Carolina) will be able to annex the former British West Indies, now under American imperial-government administration.

The Apodidraskianan(Virginian) House of Burgesses angrily votes down Governor Henry's war tax bill, an act condemned by Henry, Lord President Eveleigh and Emperor Frederick. Henry reacts by–unprecedentedly–using his authority to dissolve the House and call a fresh election on the issue of the tax.

**March:** Constitutional crisis in France, as Parliament (for different reasons between the parties) refuses to accept the dismissal of Perrier and to nominate a new Prime Minister. However, in the short term the remaining cabinet ministers recognise that they must carry on the conduct of the war that Perrier has blundered into, and so dispatch a force under General Fabien Darrieux to take Calais from Britain. However, the British commander Gerald Buckingham manages to fight off the French long enough to escape into Flanders, and Darrieux's pursuit ends up with the accidental clash of French and Flemish troops. A furious Maximilian II, heartened by many Dutchmen welcoming his troops as liberators and confident his northern front will soon vanish, promptly declares war on France.

An informal peace sets in in the Ottoman Empire, with the Balkan Party (led by Sultan Mehmed V and Grand Vizier Ferid Naili Pasha) holding Turkey-in-Europe (including Cyprus) and Constantinople, and everything else being held by Sultan Murad VI and Grand Vizier Abdul Hadi Pasha, with their capital in Bursa. Initially most European countries regard the Balkan Party regime as the 'real', legitimate Ottoman Empire; it will not be until the disparity in power becomes more apparent that recognition shifts to the latter faction and the Balkan Party's regime becomes known as the “Janissary Sultanate”.

A brig reports to the Neutralese(Portuguese) and Castilians that a New Maestrazgoan(Spanish) fleet is approaching, including troop ships low in the water. Admiral Ferreira is sent to intercept with the entire remaining Neutralese(Portuguese) and Castilian fleet, and wins a victory at the Third Battle of Cape Finisterre (future Admiral Francisco Insulza, then a captain, distinguishes himself). However, it then emerges that the fleet was a Meridian fleet under false flag (controversially) with faked troopships artificially weighed down, and it was all a feint as part of the secret provisions of the Treaty of Lima. Almost simultaneously, the real New Meastrazgoan(Spanish) fleet sails into the Bay of Biscay and, led by King-Emperor Charles IV in person, the *Nuevo Ejército*descends on Santander. The 'Reconquista' has begun.

In Osterlich(Austria), the disgrace of Perrier helps dampen the francophobic tensions he had raised up among the ordinary people, and Francis II decides it is time for the seclusion of himself and the Empress in the Schönbrunn Palace to end. On the 13th he appears in public for the first time in months to attend the opera, but he and the Empress are attacked by assassins bearing a “MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN” banner and using clockwork grenades possibly developed in Swabia. Though they are not seriously injured, an infected wound (inflicted deliberately by a poisoned bullet) causes Francis to sicken and die several days later. On his deathbed he insists that the Regent to his young son Rudolf be his wife Henrietta Eugenie and not any of the Bomhurst(Hapsburg) princes, as he has talked over his plans for Germany only with her. With the help of Chancellor Warthausen, Henrieta Eugenie gives the “Caroline Gate Speech” that wins over the formerly hostile people of Vienna, and tries to pin involvement in the attack on Saxony.

On the news of Francis' death, uprisings begin across Bavaria, though not necessarily very coordinated or effective ones. Indeed, for reasons nobody understands until much later, many of the rebels fight each other as much as they do the Hapsburgs.

James Stuart, 6th Earl of Bute, is now in command of a “Scotch Army of Freedom” which actually consists mostly of English volunteers fleeing oppression in Northumberland.

The Battle of Pu'er is a Siamese and allied victory over the Burmese. The Burmese withdraw from their attack on Yunnan with minor gains. The Siamese declare that Yunnan will join the Threefold Harmonious Accord as a member, which enrages the Feng Chinese leadership and relations between the two begin to collapse.

**April:** Although the New Maestrazgoan(Spanish) troops in Meastrazgo(Spain) are relatively few, the psychological effect of their feint coming off perfectly against the Neutralese(Portuguese) lends their supporters morale, and a second wave of uprisings begin across Maestrazgo(Spain). The Neutralese(Portuguese) and their remaining Castilian allies fight hard to hold the cities, but now it is a losing battle. The Neutralese(Portuguese) almost manage to crush a Kleinkrieger uprising at Burgos, but the New Maestrazgoan(Spanish) troops arrive in time and rescue the city, another important symbolic moment.

Bomhurst(Hapsburg) rulers including Archduke Charle of Krakau and Servia, King Leopold of Italy and King Joseph of Maestrazgo(Spain) all reject the legitimacy of Empress Henrietta Eugenie's regency. In particular they all blame France and Swabia for the assassination attempt and say (not perhaps without merit) that she is simply trying to redirect public fury against Saxony to avoid her homeland coming under attack. This is the start of the “Bomhurst(Hapsburg) Fracas”, a relatively minor civil war and power struggle over the regency of the young Rudolf III. Italy and Lorraine are therefore now effectively at war with France.

With France now at war against at least three powers and with no Prime Minister, the King accepts a plan suggested jointly by the Blancs and Rouges that Napoleon Bonaparte (Leo Bone) be asked to return as a temporary wartime 'Dictateur', acting in the name of all three parties in a government of national unity, and the name of the King himself. The King agrees and Bonaparte agrees to return. He liases between the King and a triumvirate of the three party leaders (Émile Perrier, Claude Devigny and André Malraux). One of Bonaparte's first moves is to ask the strategist Jules Maille to draw up a grand strategy based on his “Guerre de tonnere” (War of Thunder) ideas. This basically amounts to the Jacobin-style “War of Lightning” but with the supply train moving at the same speed as the army to avoid the negative effects of *la maraude*. The war plan, codenamed Neptune (a reference to the Poséidon Offensive of a generation earlier) involves three attack prongs directed at Flanders, Lorraine and Piedmont.

The Battle of Mackinac is fought between New Amsterdam(New York) troops and militiamen under General Smith and the Superior Revolutionaries and their Thirteen Fires Confederacy allies. The battle is a shocking defeat for the Americans due to Smith underestimating his enemy and not waiting for reinforcements from other Confederations. Lord President Eveleigh condemns the failure of Apodidraskiana(Virginia) to supply troops, lending support to Governor Henry's pro-tax campaign by allowing him to paint the slaveocrats as traitors.

**June:** Marshal Richelieu, commanding the Armée de Centre attacking Lorraine, employs John Byron III as an Exploring Officer. Byron helps distribute propaganda to encourage the Lorrainers to rise up.

In Britain, Joshua Catskill(Churchill) releases Lord Mostyn, formerly a vocal opponent of his, from imprisonment in the Phoenix Tower. To the surprise of many, Mostyn makes a speech defending Joshua, saying that despite past disagreements, he is now the only thing standing between Britain and Jacobin chaos. This serves to somewhat shore up Joshua's creaking regime.

With it seeming as though Scotland is temporarily pacified with the defeat of the Men of Inveraray, King Richard IV makes a royal tour of northern England and Scotland. He is shocked by what he sees and how Joshua has lied to him.

King Gwangjong of Hun Chiu(Corea) dies and is succeeded by his less capable son Uijong. As a consequence of this, a rebellion begins by ethnic Han Chinese in the north against their Hun Chiun(Corean) overlords. For various reasons, the Beiqing Chinese regime fails to take advantage of this.

**July:** Admiral Collingwood's fleet arrives in the ENA and is received into the Imperial Navy under the provisions of the Naval Settlement Act (1828).

While Volksrepublik Deutschland (VRD) forces are warring against the armies of Nassau and Würzberg, Pascal Schmidt encourages them with his famous “If the war cost the lives of every German save one” speech.

King Augustus II Frederick of Saxony, taking advantage of Bomhurst(Hapsburg) internal division, proclaims an independent Bavaria 'by the will of the people' (with his brother Xavier Albert as its monarch Albert VII) and announces that he will move to protect it–which means send an army to invade and attack the remaining Osterlich(Austrian) troops there still holding large portions of the country. The army uses a new flag that mixes the existing Saxon “pro-German unification” flag from the Watchful Peace (white cross on green) with the Bavarian colours of blue and white. This will eventually become recognised as a symbol of a united Germany.

King Leopold of Italy leads the bulk of his army to the Brenner Pass, with the intent of marching on Vienna to remove Henrietta Eugenie as Regent. However, his cousin Maria Sophia, Countess of Tyrol, supports Henrietta Eugenie and so blocks Leopold's troops at the Pass.

The Confederation Society, a Swiss patriotic group, rises up in Bern and attempts to recreate the pre-Jacobin Wars Swiss Confederation.

King Richard IV's party is attacked by the Runnymede Movement and the King is captured. What Joshua Catskill(Churchill) does not realise at first is that the King actually made contact with the movement and organised his own kidnapping, ashamed of what he has helped Joshua do. Joshua attempts make Richard IV's young son William King William V, but finds that the King's wife and son have fled Windsor, eventually turning up in exile in France.

Apodidraskiana(Virginia) holds a Confederate election on the issue of the war tax. Governor Henry's supporters, a coalition of pro-Henry Whigs, Hamiltonite Patriots, Radicals and Neutrals, all stand under the 'magnolia coupon' and win a workable majority. As soon as the House of Burgesses reconvenes, the 'magnolia coalition' votes through the war tax bill amid strident protest from the Carterite Patriot and anti-Henry Whig slaveocrat opposition. The new regiments are finally officially created (having been unofficially been raising troops and training them based on loans for some months already) and are sent off to join General Long's army.

**August:** Having gathered her troops, France officially launches the Neptune Offensive against Flanders, Lorraine and Italy. Pro-French uprisings in Lorraine begin.

The Castilian puppet king Alfonso XII has sent away too many of his troops piecemeal in an ineffectual attempt to crush the uprisings, and now Madrid is rising up in turn. Alfonso is forced to flee with his remaining bodyguard, and though he attempts to reach Neutralia(Portugal), he ends up holed up and besieged in Badajoz. It is possible that a republican commune may have been set up in Madrid at this point, but its historicity is uncertain.

The famous incident where John Byron III and aeronaut Clément “Fou” Gasse use a steerable balloon to drop packages to pro-French rebels in Lorraine, then attacks the Palais Rohan in Strassburg with grenades and by luck manages to kill the Bomhurst(Hapsburg) governor. This is the first recorded aerial bombing and catapults Byron to instant fame. The Bomhursts(Hapsburgs) appoint Major Antonio Rizzi to examine countermeasures for such steerable attacks overseeing the development of many seminal weapons such as the star shot shell and Vespa anti-air rifle.

In Switzerland the Confederation Society takes control of the Bernese Oberland from Swabian loyalists.

French Marshal Philippe Forgues, commanding the Neptune plan's Armée du Nord, has been following Bonaparte's orders to limit his actions against Flanders for propaganda reasons (as France is historically known for having imperial ambitions on Flanders and Bonaparte did not want France to be seen as attempting a land grab). However, the French-speaking Walloons in Flanders–subject to discrimination by the government during the Watchful Peace–start to rise up and expect French help which, due to Bonaparte's policy, does not materialise. Only Triumvir André Malraux argues that an intervention should be made, which forms the basis of the later Malraux Doctrine.

Meanwhile, Bonaparte gambles that his reading of Joshua Churchill's position is accurate (it is) and that so he will not have sufficient loyalty from the Royal Navy to use it to attack France. This allows Bonaparte to send much of the French Atlantic Fleet through the Burgundy Canal (the former *Canal de l’Épurateur*) to support the French Mediterranean Fleet against the Italians.

In Wales, the “Red Dragon Legion” is swelled by many English volunteers fleeing reprisals in their own homeland. At this point Llewelyn Thomas, a former coal miner, first rises to prominence as a military leader within the Legion.

One year after the defeat of the Men of Inveraray, the new Scotch Army of Freedom stages a series of well-organised attacks on Glasgow that successfully take the city from Joshua Catskill's(Churchill's) browncoats. In the moment of glory, King Richard IV reappears and addresses the people, apologising for what Joshua did in his name and officially renouncing the throne. Joshua initially cannot believe this is true and his propaganda response is focused around assuming the King was a fake, meaning it fails to bite effectively as many people have firsthand evidence it was the real King.

**September:** New Maestrazgoan(Spanish) forces march into already-freed Madrid.

John Byron III publishes an (edited, censored) version of his European travel diaries as *My Grand Tour*. Despite the upheaval of the wars, Byron's newfound fame means the book is an instant hit. It is also well regarded in years to come for its insights into the European social undercurrents in the Watchful Peace that prefigured the Popular Wars. It also contains thinly disguised attacks on Joshua Catskill( Churchill).

The Dutch territory of Munster enthusiastically rises up and joins the Schmidtists, ensuring the remaining ancien regime statelets in the former Mittelbund are now surrounded.

With the French making good progress in Piedmont and rebellions seething all around, frightened Bomhurst(Hapsburg) administrators flee Turin for Milan–which of course only boosts uncertainty and tension, fuelling the fires of revolution. Genoa rises and proclaims the restoration of the old Republic (converted into a 'Ligurian Republic' in 1796, then subsumed into the Italian Latin Republic in 1798 by Lazare Hoche).

Zürich is conquered by the Confederation Society.

**October:** Widespread rebellion spreads into Aragon. The Catalans remain loyal to Naples but southern Aragon begins to fall into New Maestrazgoan(Spanish) hands.

Battle of Nuoro in Sardinia between revolutionary rebels and Savoy loyalists. The latter lose. King Victor Felix effectively gives up, flees for Toulon and attempts to inviegle himself into the French court to find support for a French-backed restoration, especially with the French attacking his family's former territory of Piedmont.

Grand Duke Carlo II of Tuscany dies. He is succeeded by his son Carlo III, but the old rumours about Carlo III possibly not being legitimate, combined with the general climate of Italian revolt, means Tuscany starts to rise in rebellion. Carlo III flees to Naples. The revolutionaries look to the Etruscans as their inspiration, proclaiming an Etrurian Republic and using a red flag bearing a black Etruscan swastika. The rebellion also spills over into Lucca, the Papal States, and the Neapolitan enclaves of Piombino and Orbetella.

Archduke Charles of Krakau-Servia approaches Vienna with an army, to find the city more loyal to Henrietta Eugenie's regency than he expected and with more troops on her side. He lacks overwhelming force as Leopold cannot come up the Brenner Pass to meet him. Therefore he hesitates, encamped outside the city, with neither side officially acknowledging the other.

Possibly due to Britain's empty throne, rumours of legendary monarchs returning sweep the country. Most famously a girl claiming to be the long-dead Princess Augusta claims the throne, employing an image that draws upon the influences of Boudicca and Lady Godiva. She becomes the leader of a fanatical group of anti-Catskill(Churchill) fighters.

In America, troops under General Long (including the new Apodidraskianan(Virginian) regiments) move into the town of Susan-Mary and drive away the Superior Revolutionaries and their Indian allies. Though largely an enemy tactical retreat in the face of overwhelming numbers, this is spun as a victory in the American press, and leads to praise from Lord President Eveleigh and Philip Hamilton for Governor Henry's policies.

**November:** Turin falls to the French. Venice revolts against the Bomhursts(Hapsburgs), proclaiming a new Venetian Republic which rapidly becomes taken over extremists and becomes the Venetian Commune.

Using the Baden-Zürich railway (although the Zürich end has been damaged by the Confederation Society), Swabian troops take Zürich back from the Confederation Society. However, Michael Elchingener has somewhat miscalculated and there is public revulsion due to the bloody reconquest of Zürich.

In a bitter fight, Munich falls to the Saxons, an event that shocks many in the Bomhurst(Hapsburg) dominions unfamiliar with how rapid and successful Saxony's modernised army can be.

Cologne rises up against Dutch rule, forming the Schmidtist-inspired “Kölnerrepublik”.

**December:** With the conquest of the final petty states of the Mittelbund by Schmidtist revolutionaries, the Mittelbund officially ceases to exist. Now there is only the Volksrepublik Deutschland (VRD). Frankfurt becomes its de facto capital and the seat of its governing council, whose members include Manfred Landau, Wilhelm Brüning and Pascal Schmidt himself.

All of Lorraine is now reconquered by the French under Marshal Richelieu, though defeating a few Bomhurst(Hapsburg) holdouts takes time.

The Swabians have retaken St Gall but are bogged down in a miserable fight with the Confederation Society in Lucerne.

The Saxon victory at Munich convinces Archduke Charles to perform what will later be known as a “Carolian Turnaround”. He sends Colonel István Orosz into Vienna to negotiate. They hammer out a new scheme whereby a council of three people–Henrietta Eugenie, Maria Sophia and Charles himself–will jointly head the Regency. This is considered the end of the “Bomhurst(Hapsburg) Fracas”–Leopold of Italy condemns it, but is too concerned with his own rebel problems to do much about it.

**1831**

**January:** Defeated by Maria Sophia holding the Pass against him, and hearing of the revolts against his rule, Leopold abandons his attempt on Vienna and turns south, first putting down the Venetian Commune. The end of the Commune in fire and the sword will be long remembered, but the detail of the Communards' ideas much debated.

On Dictateur Bonaparte's orders, Marshal Richelieu offers French support to Swabia, warning that (some of) the Hapsburgs see the two countries as complicit in Francis II's assassination. However, Frederick IV and Michael Elchingener rudely rebuff the offer, viewing the French as being an inspiration for the Confederation Society and wanting to preserve Swabian neutrality. Swabia makes a proclamation of not being involved in Francis II's death, but in a way that implies the same cannot be said of France. Insulted by this, the French respond by actually starting to help the Confederation Society, with John Byron III leading the way.

With the Bomhurst(Hapsburg) government reunified, they focus on driving the Saxons from Bavaria.

The Superior War has stabilised as both sides dig in for the winter. In Apodidraskiana(Virginia), the leader of the Radical Party in the House of Burgesses, Clement Clay, gives his famous “Footnote of History” speech in which he calls for the end of slavery not because of what it does to blacks, but because of what it does to whites, and to Virginia. To the shock of many, the House of Burgesses narrowly votes to approve Clay's manumission bill. This becomes known as the “31-31 vote” as it was held on January 31st 1831. Clay's speech changed a few minds, but this is more thanks to Henry, the Emperor and the Apodidraskiana(Virginia) Freedom League having installed many like-minded candidates in last year's election. The Grand Consolidated Laborers' Union formed in Northern Confederation(*For Want of a Nail*).

In South America, with Meridian attempts at pressing into Minas Gerais having failed and an election looming (in which the opposition Amarillo Party favours seeking peace), outgoing President-General Velasco's cabinet discuss their options. It is decided that, assuming the election is won, the ambitious plan of Admiral Agustín Calvo to amphibiously invade Pernambuco will be pursued. Felipe Riquelme is chosen as the coalition's candidate to succeed Velasco rather than Rámon Almada, who is disappointed but agrees to continue to support the coalition, which Riquelme chooses to dub the Adamantine Party.

**February:** With the last loyalists in Cagliari surrendering to the revolutionaries, the Sardinian Republic is officially proclaimed.

One of many failed assassination attempts on Joshua Catskill(Churchill), in this case by poison, possibly engineered by his brother Arthur, who flees Britain and takes up a role as part of the Royal Africa Company. Having already lost control of Scotland, Joshua sees more and more of England slip through his fingers as rebel groups including the Runnymede Movement (and its affiliates like the Manchester Democratic Association and the Red Dragon Legion), the Scotch Army of Freedom, and the Wyndham-led Outlaws continue to roll up his decreasing number of loyal troops.

Start of the Apodidraskiana(Virginia) Crisis as many refuse to accept the House of Burgesses passing Clay's manumission bill (signed into law by Governor Henry). The imperial Whig Party's response is hampered due to being led by Andrew Eveleigh, whose single-minded fanatical obsession with the issue alienates many undecided Apodidraskianans(Virginians) who would have supported an attempt by moderate southerners like Sinclair or Carter to overrule the bill. Eveleigh virtually abandons oversight of the Superior War due to the Crisis.

The UPSA holds its presidential election. In the first round, Orlando Giménez (Amarillo) tops the poll, Felipe Riquelme (for Velasco's coalition, now the Adamantine Party) comes second, and Enrique López (Ambarino(Colorado)) is eliminated.

**March:** The Dansheng Emperor of Feng China (born Wen Kejing) is succeeded by his choice of heir, his second son, who becomes the Xiaohong Emperor.

Schmidtists in Schwerin take over Schwerin Castle and raise the VRD flag. They represent an independent Mecklenburg movement taking inspiration from Schmidt but are not under the direct command of the main VRD in the former Mittelbund. The Danish response is hampered by the fact that the authorities assumed the movement was more conservative in character and intended to restore the former Duke to his throne, and so focused on guarding against the Duke's return from exile in Saxony.

Liége rises up in revolution against the Flemish government, a far more significant and dramatic step than the existing scattered Walloon uprisings. This strike at the heart of Flanders leads to Maximilian II planning a direct intervention. Marshal Forgues does not intervene, partly due to Bonaparte's policy and partly because the rebels take Jacobin inspiration and call their new state the Liégois Latin Republic.

The war hero Alexander Cochrane joins the Outlaws in Britain and helps lead them to victories over Joshua's browncoats.

Pro-slavery mobs strike in Williamsburg and force the Apodidraskianan(Virginian) House of Burgesses to flee down the James River and then up the Delmarva(Delaware) to Pulteney, Keystone(Pennsylvania), where they form a government in exile. A remnant of the pro-slavery Whigs tries to govern as a shadow government in the Capitol, but several of them are killed and the Capitol damaged in a counter-attack by forces loyal to Governor Henry. Meanwhile further west the “Battle” of Shippingport is fought between Apodidraskianan(Virginian) Confederate militiamen and supporters of the local and powerful Baker family of slaveholders who refuse to comply with the new law. As a result of this, the Bakers are one of the families to have their slaves and parts of their estates confiscated without financial compensation at the end of the Crisis.

Second round of the Meridian presidential election. Felipe Riquelme defeats Orlando Giménez, meaning the Adamantine government will continue. The Pernambuco operation is approved.

**April:** After the loss of Schwerin to the Schmidtists, the Danish chief minister Poul von Krogh resigns. He is replaced by Thorvald Rasmussen, who spearheads an aggressive response to the Schmidtists.

The Relief of Willisau, where French troops and irregulars led by John Byron III rescue besieged Confederation Society fighters from the Swabians.

Moldavia revolts against Russian rule.

The Kölnerrepublik votes to merge with the expanding VRD, ending its brief existence as an independent republic.

Genoa is reconquered by the Bomhurst(Hapsburg) Italians. The invasion is relatively restrained due to the Bomhursts(Hapsburgs) not wanting to damage the city's important port facilities for their navy.

The province of Maryland, which was always sore about being made part of the Confederation of Apodidraskiana(Virginia) and is one of the most pro-slavery parts of that Confederation, remains largely unscathed by the street violence plaguing most of eastern Apodidraskiana(Virginia) (including Fredericksburg). Speaker Norman Savage and the provincial General Court react by passing an Act of Secession, declaring a withdrawal from Apodidraskiana(Virginia) and seeking separate representation for Maryland in the Continental Parliament.

The Apodidraskianan(Virginian) government in exile meets with King-Emperor Frederick II in Philadelphia. With the King's help and support from Speaker Phineas Jenks, the Keystonian(Pennsylvanian) Council and General Assembly vote to support a military intervention to restore order in Apodidraskiana(Virginia).

Launch of the Pernambuco Mission by the UPSA. A large naval force under Admiral Agustín Calvo is dispatched to Pernambuco to support the anti-Neutralese(Portuguese) rebels there in an attempt to carve out a Meridian puppet state. This requires a careful political balancing act as the rebels are a mixed bag of black Maroons, white liberals, conservative white peasants protesting taxes and much more.

In China, after five years of inconsequential fighting, the Anqing Incident is resolved with what is technically a Beiqing victory (their favoured candidate becomes Governor of Anhui) but in practice is a draw, as he acts as neutrally as his predecessor.

**May:** Danish chief minister Thorvald Rasmussen attempts to subdue the Schmidtist uprising in Mecklenburg. Danish naval forces descend on the ports of Mecklenburg, while the army is sent overland from Jutland. More regiments are recalled from Sweden to support the attack.

After a bitter fight, using overwhelming numbers to overcome the superior equipment and tactics of the Saxons, the Bomhursts(Hapsburgs) reconquer Munich. However, they are unable to press much farther north than the Franconian Jura. This leads to a stalemate in Bavaria in which both sides suffer more from attacks by local Kleinkriegers than from each other.

The Keystonians(Pennsylvanians) launch the “Keystonian(Pennsylvanian) Legion of the Restoration of Order”–made up of troops that had been raised with the intention of sending them to fight in the Superior War–and send them to Apodidraskiana(Virginia), primarily to restore order in the would-be breakaway province of Maryland. The ensuing battles will create a romantic image of heroically dying on Keystonian(Pennsylvanian) bayonets in the minds of Maryland nationalists in years to come.

**June:** The full brunt of King Leopold's Italian Bomhurst(Hapsburg) army is now directed against the French, and Turin is retaken by the Bomhursts(Hapsburgs). The anti-Bomhurst(Hapsburg) rebellions across the Kingdom of Italy stutter and start to fail as news of the important victory–as well as fear of the punishing defeat of the Venetian Commune–drive moderates away from the revolutionaries. This is considered the start of the *Guerre des cauchemars* (“Nightmare War”) as both France and Italy funnel large numbers of men into the Piedmont front and the result is a bloodbath and some early examples of primitive trench warfare.

With the Bomhursts(Hapsburgs) largely ignoring the travails of Tuscany and southern Aragon seemingly irretrievable, Luigi of the Three Sicilies decides to intervene on behalf of Grand Duke Carlo II, using the revolutionaries' spilling over into Neapolitan enclaves as a casus belli. His troops are commanded by the brilliant Sicilian general Antonio Falcone(a relative of Carmine Falcone).

Joshua Catskill's(Churchill's) browncoat army under Colonel Reginald Saltington retreats to Rotherham where it attempts to requisition Wentworth Woodhouse, the stately home of the Marquess of Rockingham. Rockingham refuses and is killed by Saltington. This enrages much of the local population and the browncoats are bloodily defeated by an alliance of Runnymede and Outlaw groups at the Battle of Retford. The Marquess' son (generally known as Stephen Watson-Wentworth) joins the rebels as a commander. As a result of this, Joshua has lost the entire North of England.

**July:** With the withdrawal of many regiments from Sweden to support Rasmussen's anti-Schmidtist force in Mecklenburg, the conservative “Stockholm Conspiracy”, led by Over-Governor of Stockholm Adolf Siöblad, strikes, launching a coup and seizing control of the Swedish Riksdag.

The people of Brandenburg-Stettin rise up against Duke Adolf Frederick VI, who swiftly flees into exile in Denmark. They call for Henry Frederick of Prussia to return as their rightful Hohenzollern monarch.

In Russia, Prince Theodore–Governor-General of Moscow–has seen how unpopular and controversial some of his brother Tsar Peter IV's policies are. He invites Peter to visit him in Moscow so he can advise him. However, Peter's train is attacked by bandits (identity uncertain, but probably Russian conservatives; they use misinformation to suggest a Jewish connexion) and both he and the Tsarina are killed. One of his wounded *ninzya* bodyguards manages to get to the nearest Optel tower to report the attack, but the rumour mill rapidly turns this into suggesting a Yapontsi traitor killed the Tsar, which creates a current of anti-Yapontsi feeling across Russia in years to come.

The French Navy raids Genoa, briefly occupying the city long enough to burn the port facilities that the Hapsburgs tried so hard to preserve and block the harbour. This gives an advantage to the French Navy over its Italian counterpart in their struggle to dominate the western Mediterranean.

**August:** Neapolitan forces under General Falcone retake Orbetello, allowing them to push into Tuscany proper.

The Stockholm Conspiracy seizes control of other Swedish cities, including Gothenburg, Uppsala, Kalmar and Åbo (OTL Turku). The Conspiracy proclaims the restoration of a separate Kingdom of Sweden, having invited the deposed Ludvig XII of Hesse-Darmstadt to be their King, as Ludvig I. However, many Swedes remain loyal to King Valdemar V and II due to the more liberal mode of government and economic opportunities the Union had introduced during the Watchful Peace. The result is the Swedish Civil War, with the loyalists gradually being supplemented by more Danish regulars as the Schmidtists in Danish Germany are subdued and troops are freed up.

Start of the “Route des Larmes” (Way of Tears) as the Flemish government begins a policy of racial purging (ethnic cleansing) against the Walloons in the south, whether rebel or no. There is no official help for the Walloons from the French, but many sympathisers form the “*Pâquerettes*” (Daisies) society, identified by use of the flower in their symbol, who help the Walloons escape. Many of the Walloons end up in the city of Charleroi in French-occupied Flanders. The act is commemorated on August 12th in coming years because this was the day when an old man named Michel Lefalque refused to be moved from his house and was shot down by panicky Flemish troops, prompting a riot.

Henry Frederick of Prussia marches into Stettin and is proclaimed King in Prussia over all the former Prussian lands.

In Russia, the death of the Tsar prompts a succession crisis. Legally Peter IV's son Constantine (Grand Duke of Baltish(Lithuania)) should succeed him, but Constantine is only 22, even more culturally Baltish(Lithuanian), and that would leave no-one to be Grand Duke of Baltish(Lithuania). Prince Theodore is far more popular but has strong legitimist principles. Therefore this starts the brief, farcical “War of the Russian Succession” in which each candidate wants to put the *other* on the throne, and most just view it as an excuse to riot and loot and pillage as troops move indecisively about along the border.

The Jews in Russian-occupied Crimea react to the death of the Tsar–which the real killers tried to pin on them–by seizing the opportunity of the distraction of the succession war to pre-emptively revolt before a revenge pogrom can begin. Rebel leader Yitzhak Volynov sends his deputy David Levitin to the 'Janissary Sultanate' to ask Khan Devlet VI, in exile there, to return and lead a restored Crimean Khanate. But Devlet knows they have no chance of success and now cares more for his political ambitions within the Ottoman polities. A furious Levitin persuades Volynov to crown himself 'Isaac I' and proclaim a 'Kingdom of Israel' over the Crimea just to spite Devlet and rile the Russians.

With Governor Henry having granted them authority to do so, the western provinces of Apodidraskiana(Virginia) (especially fiercely anti-slavery Vandalia province) send militiamen to restore order in Richmond and Williamsburg provinces.

**September:** Seeking damage control, and concerned of reports about republican societies influenced by the Brazilian rebels and the UPSA blooming in Lisbon and Oporto, King John VI of Neutralia(Portugal) makes a U-turn. He dismisses the Duke of Aveiro as chief minister, replaces several other ministers, effectively abandons Castile and focuses on trying to defend Neutralia's (Portugal's) own borders.

The people of Berlin rise up against Grand Duke Frederick William II, who (like his counterpart in Brandenburg-Stettin) goes into exile in Denmark. Henry Frederick of Prussia is delighted but fails to realise that this rebellion is primarily Schmidtist in character and has no more affection for him than for Frederick William II.

The Red Dragon Legion throws Joshua Catskill's(Churchill's) forces out of Wales. Llewelyn Thomas becomes known for winning a victory at a skirmish in Monmouthshire. The war between Joshua and his enemies now sees Joshua holding firmly only the South of England, with the Midlands contested.

In Apodidraskiana(Virginia), Caesar Bell's band of outlaw black fighters based in the Wilderness of Spotsylvania begin intervening in the Apodidraskiana(Virginia) Crisis, ultimately with the intention of securing a seat at the post-crisis negotiating table but in practice mainly for revenge attacks. They effectively turn Spotsylvania and Orange Counties into offshore colonies of Freedonia. Scare stories of counter-enslavement of whites by blacks and the rape of white women circulate, leading to pro-slavery forces focusing on attacking Bell's men.

**October:** After a major defeat of the 'Etrurian Republic' revolutionaries, the Neapolitans overrun much of southern Tuscany.

The Liégois Latin Republic is destroyed, with the city being bloodily reconquered by the Flemings.

With the Keystonian(Pennsylvanian) Legion of the Restoration of Order having secured Baltimore and Anapolis, the remaining Maryland secessionists surrender and submit to occupation.

In Britain, William Wyndham's second-in-command of the Outlaws, Thomas Pelham-Clinton, 11th Earl of Lincoln, grows overconfident after the success of Retford and believes Joshua's forces are weaker than they are. He leads the Outlaws into the Battle of Warwick against Joshua's loyalists, not realising the latter include the 52nd (West Kent) Regiment, the so-called “Diehards", and are commanded by the skilled general Sir Rupert Harding. The Outlaws are badly defeated and the result is Joshua's support briefly rallying, particularly given the iconic role of the 52nd. Many peers previously on the fence come out in favour of Joshua, Joshua's control of the Optel network allowing his propagandists to exaggerate the importance of the battle as a turning point. However, it is just a flash in the pan and the decline of Joshua's power soon resumes.

**November:** Georg Erhardt, the leader of the republican regime now holding Brandenburg-Berlin, states that he only intends to build a republic in one region (perhaps also including the remaining Mecklenburg Schmidtists) and does not seek to join the VRD. This incenses the VRD leaders in Frankfurt, especially Pascal Schmidt himself, who views this as a betrayal of his movement–if Germany is to remain divided and infighting, it makes little difference if it is under kings or republics. Schmidt views the Brandenburg republic as a bigger threat to Germany's future than the petty monarchies.

The quinquennial term of the Continental Parliament of the Empire of North America expires, but no new election can be called due to the chaos of the Apodidraskiana(Virginia) Crisis and the Superior War, so Parliament passes emergency legislation prolonging their term by one year.

For a while, Joseph Dashwood has managed to restrain the Thirteen Fires Confederacy into the sort of hit-and-run raids they are very good at and they have thus seen limited successes against the Americans in the Superior War. However, this strategy chafes at the younger and more hot-blooded fighters, and around this time Dashwood is largely superseded by the authority of young warriors such as Peter Williams among the whites and Tsongyatan among the Indians, who favour a direct attack.

With a bitter winter exacerbating the struggles of the already immobilised and Kleinkrieger-stricken Saxon and Osterian(Austrian) armies in Bavaria, Augustus II of Saxony and his government realise that the war cannot be won in Bavaria proper. Long-serving Chancellor Gottfried von Lingenthal resigns and is replaced by Herman von Beust. They start drawing up plans for stealthily withdrawing troops from Bavaria for use in Silesia. Beust also opens up diplomatic channels with Casimir V of Arztzoka(Poland) about the possibility of cooperation; though the Arztozkans(Poles) are still somewhat suspicious of the Saxons after their actions in the 1822 potato famine, they recognise that this represents a rare opportunity to make gains from the normally militarily superior Bomhursts(Hapsburgs).

In Ireland, the Farmer's Party and the League of Right stage mass protests against the unpopular government: as Britain has slid into anarchy, the government can no longer use the excuse of remaining strong and united against Joshua Catskill(Churchill) to rally the people. There are complaints of military brutality when troops untrained for the purpose try to restrain the marching protestors.

**December:** By this point the New Maestrazgoan(Spanish) 'Reconquista' is in control of all pre-Jacobin Wars Maeztrazgo(Spain) except Catalonia, the Balearics, Badajoz, Ciudad Rodrigo and Galicia.

Henry Frederick of Prussia marches into Berlin. He attempts to enter the Stadtschloss, but the Schmidtist rebels inside refuse to open its doors to him. Henry Frederick, furious, forces entry with artillery, prompting a firefight between his (few) troops and rebel militias. This ends with the Stadtschloss being practically destroyed, Berlin on fire, and Henry Frederick felled by a musket ball to the shoulder: alive, but unconscious and feverish from an infected wound. His chief minister Wilhelm von der Trenck decides the closest reasonably friendly place with doctors capable of treating the wound is Hanover, and the remnant of the Prussian army marches there with their wounded king.

Joshua Catskill(Churchill) pardons the imprisoned George Hamilton-Gordon, 5th Earl of Aberdeen, and receives support from him–a coup given that he is a Scottish peer and Joshua's reputation in Scotland. The peerage continues to favour Joshua as the lesser of two evils, fearful of the Runnymede Movement.

**1832:**

**January:** Facing widespread condemnation for France's failure to act to help the Walloons, Bonaparte makes a U-turn and makes two pledges: to never return the currently conquered territory in Flanders to the Flemings and to turn it into a homeland for displaced Walloons, and also to defend the Netherlands' right to exist as an independent nation aside from Flanders. The second pledge will have major consequences later on.

Henry Frederick of Prussia's party reaches Hanover and is received by Charles II, Duke of Brunswick and would-be King of Hanover, though at present he is struggling to get the Hanoverian government to submit to a full political union. The Schmidtists in the VRD are also pushing into the edges of his domain. Henry Frederick receives medical care and recovers from his fever.

The Bomhursts(Hapsburg) Italians restore order in Genoa and begin repairing its port facilities.

**February:** Ciudad Rodrigo, held by the Neutralese(Portuguese) and their remaining Castilian loyalist allies, succumbs to a New Maestrazgoan(Spanish) siege.

The Etrurian Republic rebels in Italy have reorganised their army considerably over the winter and now hold strong against further attempted attacks by the Neapolitans.

Saxon Chancellor Hermann von Beust sends a mission, led by his predecessor Gottfried von Lingenthal, to Hanover in order to offer a closer alliance with the new King Charles. The remnant of the Prussian army in Hanover starts working for Duke Charles as his enforcers, eventually led by Henry Frederick himself once he recovers.

Defeated by overwhelming numbers of white militiamen, Caesar Bell's black outlaws retreat back into the Wilderness of Spotsylvania. Nobody will attempt to drive them out until after the Crisis.

Unable to quell the protests in Ireland, Prime Minister Augustus Hodges resigns and pledges to support a Radical Prime Minister, though not the Radicals' more extreme leader Fergus O'Connell. As a compromise–and because he is a war hero against the USE and thus cannot be accused of being soft on Presbyterians if he emancipates them–Radical MP James Norton(Roosevelt) becomes Prime Minister of Ireland.

In Britain, Grantham is conquered by the Runnymede Movement's militiamen. In response, Joshua Catskill's(Churchill's) advisor Andrew Wilson suggests London is growing restless and they go to Oxbridge(Oxford). Joshua angrily calls him a coward and tells him to go to Oxbridge(Oxford) alone, which Wilson does.

George Washington Alexander, the nineteen-year-old son of John Alexander, travels across the interior of Tropico(Cuba) in the first of his great adventures (to receive parental backing). In coming years he goes on to travel throughout the Americas and to Cygnia.

**March:** The symbolically important Santiago de Compostela in Galicia falls to the New Maestrazgoan(Spanish). However, the Neutralese(Portuguese) are fighting tooth and nail for Galicia, pouring most of their strength into the province, and so this is where the 'Reconquista' is most bitter and bloody.

The Treaty of Bern between France and the Confederation Society's provisional government. The Society reluctantly allows Lower Valais and Lausanne to be annexed by France in return for French help at retaking the former Italian cantons.

“Queen Augusta” leads Runnymede Movement troops in a march on London. With most of Joshua's support having melted away (except in Oxbridge(ford)shire where men remain loyal to the memory of his father), the chief opponents of the Runnymede Movement are Archbishop of Canterbury Frederick Byng and his “Altar Boys” militia, who fight to the bitter end and Byng is imprisoned. This is known as the Battle of London. William Wyndham and the Outlaws also intervene, seizing the New Palace of Westminster in the midst of rioting and fires, and Wyndham makes his famous quote in the dusty abandoned House of Commons: “As I was saying before I was so rudely interrupted…”

Andrew Eveleigh recognises that the Apodidraskianan(Virginian) pro-slavery nullifiers are on the verge of defeat. To that end he urges Richmond and Williamsburg provinces to join the Confederation of Catawba(Carolina), and Catawban(Carolinian) troops (supposedly without any orders from the Catawban(Carolinian) General Assembly) cross the border. This scheme backfires, outraging many formerly pro-slavery Apodidraskianans(Virginians) with a contemptuous view of upstart Catawba(Carolina) (in particular the respected veteran Thomas Charles Lee), and only quickens the end of the war and estranges Eveleigh from his party.

The Battle of Fort Kaministiquia (near OTL Thunder Bay) is fought between the Thirteen Fires Confederacy and the American regulars and militiamen under General Long. An attempt at the sort of direct attack favoured by men like Peter Williams and Tsongyatan, it is a disaster for the Confederacy, with much of their manpower being lost and the Americans triumphing on the battlefield despite their own problems. The Americans are sufficiently damaged that they are unable to pursue the fleeing Confederacy forces from the battlefield, however.

Feng China, enraged by Siam's attempt to create an independent allied state in Yunnan Province, declares war (the First Sino-Siamese War, 1832-1838).

**April:** Around this time, Danish chief minister Thorvald Rasmussen pioneers the “Rasmussen Strategy” of using troops recruited from one end of an empire to put down a rebellion at the other end, in order to avoid testing the conflicted loyalties of local troops. He uses Danes and Germans spearhead the fight against the Stockholm Conspiracy Swedish rebels.

Also roughly the time at which it is generally considered that the “Route des Larmes” ended, although actions against remaining Walloons in rural areas will continue for years to come.

Pascal Schmidt concocts a plan that involves engineering the kidnap of Henry Frederick of Prussia (with the tacit consent of Charles of Hanover and Brunswick in exchange for the Schmidtists turning away from his lands), then trading him to the Saxons so they can put him back on the throne of Brandenburg-Berlin as a puppet, both destroying the deviationist Brandenburg republicans under George Erhardt and distracting the Saxons with another war front, opening up Saxony proper to a VRD invasion. The first stage of the plan goes ahead and Henry Frederick is captured, but an increasingly disillusioned Schmidt finds himself liking the man as he talks with him in his cell.

As part of this plan, the Schmidtists try to intimidate Charles by having three of his ministers assassinated, but this inadvertently helps him because they happened to be those most opposed to his plans for the full merger of Hanover and Brunswick.

Launch of the Silesian Offensive by the combined forces of Saxony under Franz von Nostitz, “the Young Fox”, and Arztozka(Poland) under Ignacy Pulaski. The Saxons employ many troops that they had quietly withdrawn from the Bavarian front over the winter. Initially the attack sees great success. Archduke Charles moves in the Army of Bohemia under General Quosdanovich, which he had held in reserve in case of a Silesian front opening up.

Joshua Catskill(Churchill) is besieged in the Phoenix Tower by the Runnymede Movement under “Queen Augusta”. At this time many of the MPs and Lords imprisoned there are murdered under unclear circumstances. Joshua comes out on a balcony to confront “Augusta”, sprays the crowd with fire from a revolving pistol–killing “Augusta”–and is shot in turn, toppling to his death.

**May:** Andrew Eveleigh is removed as Lord President by a 'death-vote' (no confidence). The Lord Deputy, Lord Fingall, promises a new election as soon as possible, but in the short term makes Albert Sinclair Lord President as the least bad option. Sinclair backs a bill to have Eveleigh removed from his seat and tried for treason.

Populist revolts break out in Sicily. However, King Luigi anticipated this and his pre-emptive reforms ensure the revolt is a damp squib, swiftly put down.

The Arztzokans(Poles) succeed in taking control of Krakau, aided by an internal rebellion against the Hapsburgs.

The negotiations between Gottfried von Lingenthal representing Saxony and King Charles of “Hanover-Brunswick” succeed, resulting in the Treaty of Osnabrück or, as Manfred Landau will call it “The Great Stitch-up”. Essentially the treaty enshrines cooperation in defining what postwar Germany will look like to the benefit of both states.

As Bohemia is now stripped of troops, Archduke Charles sends Croatian levies to replace them. However, this sends decidedly the wrong message to the already somewhat seething Bohemian populace, as Croats are normally used to quell rebellions.

**June:** With a conventional frontal assault having failed, Leonardo Hornblower(Nelson) successfully outflanks the Etrurian Republic rebels, drawing their army to the south with one force while landing a second behind enemy lines at Piombino, staging from Elba. The Republic is cut in half, and begins to crumble.

Loyalist Apodidraskianan(Virginian) and allied Keystonian(Pennsylvanian) forces march into Fredericksburg and restore order to the imperial capital with the assistant of General Lee (who had switched sides). Seeing the fall of Eveleigh, Emperor Frederick leaves for Ireland with the tacit consent of Parliament that he may use the American troops stationed there to intervene against Joshua Catskill(Churchill). None know yet that he is already dead.

With the Thirteen Fires Confederacy reeling from their defeat at Fort Kaministiquia, Joseph Dashwood decides to give himself up to the Americans in exchange for pledges that they will allow the Confederacy to retreat westwards and settle there.

The Army of Bohemia under General Quosdanovich inflicts several defeats on the Saxons, using raiding tactics to counter the Saxons' technological superiority. For now, Quosdanovich successfully prevents Nostitz's Saxons from meeting up with Pulaski's Poles in Silesia. The new offensive quickly bogs down and at first it seems like a failure.

**July:** Emperor Frederick arrives in Liverpool with troops–Irish regulars and Americans not yet technically authorised to be there, but sent by Eveleigh as part of the Irish defensive garrison (their use will be retroactively authorised in December). He is shocked to find his country ruined and the soldiers he brings have little to do but restore order.

**August:** The New Maestrazgoan(Spanish) are repulsed from La Coruña in Galicia. It will be retained by Neutralia(Portugal) (as Corunha) as an exclave though they lose most of Galicia.

Due to the French and Swiss Confederates' focus on retaking the Italian counties, the Swabians are able to regain control of most of the former Three Leagues (the OTL county of Grisons).

In Sweden the decisive Battle of Norrköping is fought between the Stockholm Conspiracy and the loyalists and their Danish allies. At first the Stockholm Conspiracy is on the verge of victory, but then the loyalists are saved by a force loyal to them coming up out of Norrköping itself. This represents the beginning of the end for the Stockholm Conspiracy's attempt to restore pre-Union Sweden.

Sir Rupert Harding surrenders with honour to King-Emperor Frederick II's Hiberno-American army at Nottingham. Respected as the “Good Phoenix” by his enemies, Harding is allowed to go into exile rather than face treason charges, and eventually becomes Lord Deputy of Cygnia. The former King Richard IV also appears in chains beside Frederick as he travels through the country, renouncing his former life. In private the two get on quite well, and Frederick allows Richard's son William to go to India and join the BEIC administration there.

**September:** Two weeks into the latest siege of Badajoz, its governor Miguel de Cruz switches sides (claiming he was a secret Carlista all along), opens the city to the New Maestrazgoan(Spanish), and hands over Alfonso XII to Charles IV. With the fall of Badajoz, Neutralia(Portugal) sues for peace. As fighting in Aragon had died down to a status quo with Catalonia remaining loyal and the rest having been conquered by New Maestrazgo(Spain), Naples also joins the negotiations.

Duke Charles II of Brunswick manages to engineer the merger of the states of Hanover and Brunswick as he hoped, in part due to misjudged Schmidtist assassinations of ministers who happened to be the most intransigent. As of yet though the name of the new kingdom remains undecided.

Frederick II arrives in London, under the shaky control of the Council of State. Although the King faces much criticism for his actions in fleeing the country, he works hard to regain his position and helps prevent infighting in the Council, as well as spearheading attempts to restore order throughout the kingdom.

**October:** Considered to be the end of the Apodidraskiana(Virginia) Crisis. The period ends with the abolition of slavery in Apodidraskiana(Virginia) being accepted, in part due to its defenders being tarred with the brush of treason and Eveleigh's extremism, but the actions of Caesar Bell and his ilk during the war favours a position in which freed blacks are deported to Africa rather than trying to integrate them into society.

The farcical War of the Russian Succession comes to an end with a meeting between the two sides in Courland, hosted by Alexander Potemkin. It is agreed to change the succession so that Theodore will become Tsar and Constantine will give up him claim and continue as Grand Duke of Baltish(Lithuania). This officially severs the direct connection between Russia and Baltish(Lithuania).

In Silesia, Nostitz's Saxons have finally managed to join up with Pulaski's Arztozkans(Poles) despite the best efforts of Quosdanovich's Osterians(Austrians), yet Quosdanovich wins a spectacular victory over the combined forces at the Battle of Breslau.

Having concluded their negotiations with Saxony, it is now time for the VRD to hand over Henry Frederick, according to Schmidt's plan. Schmidt however has now changed his mind; his conversations with Henry Frederick has led him to conclude that he is no longer the man he was and would be a valuable part of the VRD if he discarded his titles. This horrifies the rest of the Schmidtist leadership and Schmidt is outvoted on the council. Henry Frederick is sent off before Schmidt can say goodbye to his unlikely friend. Depressed about losing control of his own movement and about all the blood shed in his name, Schmidt uses Duke William II of Hesse-Kassel's old phlogisticateur to commit suicide. An ambiguous will throws the VRD into a chaotic power struggle between Wilhelm Brüning, Manfred Landau and Albert Dornberger (Schmidt's “voice” when giving speeches since his own voice was damaged through torture).

King Frederick II earns back some respect from his people for negotiating the surrender of the last Joshua Catskill(Churchill) loyalists in Oxfordshire–although the desire on the part of Oxford to get rid of Andrew Wilson may have played a part. This can be considered the end of the “Inglorious Revolution”, though many former fighters on both sides continue to plague the country as bandit gangs.

**November:** A year late, the ENA holds a general election. The election sees a severe defeat for the Whigs everywhere outside Catawba(Carolina), Philip Hamilton's faction of the Patriots crushing Solomon Carter's (including Carter himself being defeated by his estranged son Jethro as an independent) and, most importantly, the breakthrough of the Radicals and Neutrals on an unprecedented scale. Radical leader Eric Mullenburgh becomes Lord President. Mo Quedling first enters the Continental Parliament as a Radical.

Prince Theodore of Russia is crowned Tsar Theodore IV (or Fyodor in Russian).

Resentment in Bohemia that goes back to Radetzsky and the Cougnonistes, intensified by the potato famine and the Croat occupiers, finally detonates into the Bohemian Revolution. Revolutionaries led by Ernst Hirsch and Tomas Stamitz storm Prague Castle and defenestrate the Bomhurst(Hapsburg) administrators. Most of the Diet goes over to the revolutionaries and a hybrid provisional governing council is established.

With the defeat of the last Neutralese(Portuguese) loyalists, the Pernambuco region is brought fully under the control of Admiral Calvo's Meridians and their local rebel allies. Attempts to push the frontier further south, however, do not meet with success as Viceroy Abrantes sends his remaining soldiers north from still-loyal Bahia. The conflict bogs down.

**December:** Treaty of Madrid between New Maestrazgo(Spain), Neutralia(Portugal) and Naples recognises the restoration of the exilic Carlistas to the throne of a reunited Maestrazgoan(Spanish) kingdom, “Old Spain”, though Neutralia(Portugal) retains parts of Galicia and Naples retains Catalonia.

The new American Radical-Neutral government passes the Intervention Act (1832) which finally authorises military intervention in Britain to topple Joshua Catskill's(Churchill's) regime. In fact many troops have already been sent, ostensibly part of the Irish defensive garrison but going over to Britain.

Joseph Dashwood arrives in Fredericksburg as a prisoner and is feted as a celebrity despite his infamy.

Continentalist faction breaks off to form Progress Party in Mechicoe(*For Want of a Nail*).

**1833**

**January:** The Bohemian revolutionary government debates whether to allow the Saxons in to protect them against Osterian(Austrian) reprisals, but the decision is made for them by unconnected rebels among the proto-Mentian miners in the Ore Mountains, who allow the Saxons through the mountains into the Bohemian basin.

The anti-Hun Chiun(Corean) revolt in Liaodong concludes with the successful liberation of the peninsula from the Hun Chiuns(Coreans). Due to Beiqing China refusing to directly intervene on the part of the provisional government, it becomes what is eventually called the Liaodong Republic, with its capital in Lushun.

**February:** The Saxons surge into Bohemia, using the troops withdrawn from Bavaria and quickly aided by the revolutionary government.

Responding to some Flemish raids on unprotected Normandy and Italy's failure to support its navy well thanks to the loss of Genoa and Venice's harbour facilities, Bonaparte returns a portion of the French Atlantic Fleet through the Burgundy Canal back to the Atlantic.

Joseph Dashwood is condemned to death and publicly executed. His final speech on the gallows in praise of freedom makes him a popular and colourful figure in the American cultural imagination, despite having been on the other side of a war.

Emperor Frederick II arrives in Liverpool with a Hiberno-American army, only to find his country ruined and the reinforcements he brought too late to do more than help restore order, with Joshua already overthrown.

**March:** Andrew Eveleigh, having been given a six-year prison sentence for his actions during the Apodidraskiana(Virginia) Crisis, commits suicide after one of his supporters smuggles a pistol into his cell.

Following the death of Pope Clement XVI, he is succeeded by his namesake Clement XVII after a Papal Conclave that is almost up to its pre-Rape of Rome (1802) numbers for the first time.

**April:** Manfred Landau recognises that he enjoys little support in the VRD power struggle, with most siding either with Brüning or Dornberger. Unwilling to compromise with either and viewing the VRD's doom as inevitable, he forms his remaining supporters into a mercenary group and decides to raise money from this to buy ships, and then go into exile in the UPSA.

**May:** Start of the Siege of Stockholm, as loyalists and Danes besiege the Stockholm Conspiracy capital.

With both English-speaking colonies in Antipodea now under American control after the Preventive Occupation Act of 1829, they are reorganised with a single overarching authority, Cygnia.

**June:** Populist revolutionaries in Naples proclaim the Calabrian Republic. However, as with Sicily, the Neapolitan government's response is swift and competent without inflaming tensions further, and the Republic is defeated and reabsorbed within a month.

A hasty Osterian(Austrian) counterattack under the Croat General Marko Bunić starts to slow the Saxon surge in Bohemia, eventually stopping them in Moravia.

Manfred Landau's mercenaries are employed by Oren Scherman's Dutch regime.

**July:** End of the Siege of Stockholm–Swedish loyalists and Danes conquer the city and the Stockholm Conspiracy government is forced to flee. It seems the end is in sight for their movement. However, at this point secret negotiations held in Helsingfors (OTL Helsinki) come into play and Russia declares its support for the Stockholm Conspiracy government. The Swedish Civil War expands. Baltish(Lithuania) under Grand Duke Constantine declares neutrality, partly because it has little to gain and partly because Constantine is making a point about shifting Baltish(Lithuania) out from Russia's sphere of influence a little.

With Bohemia going over to the Saxons, Breslau and the rest of Bomhurst(Hapsburg)-held Silesia is now an island in a sea of Saxons, Arzotzkans(Poles) and their allies.

**August:** Tsar Theodore IV's armies successfully finish crushing the Jewish revolt in the Crimea amid many brutalities. Yitzhak Volynov stays fighting to the end, but sends David Levitin to lead many of the Jews into exile in Abdul Hadi Pasha's faction of the Ottoman Empire. They settle in the city of Sinope.

Battle of Oppeln in Silesia: General Quosdanovich attempts to break his army out of the shrinking Bomhurst(Hapsburg) island of Breslau. He fails but still inflicts more damage on the Saxons and Arztozkans(Poles) than he takes.

Oren Scherman's Dutch regime is aided by a French naval force under Admiral Raoul Moreau from the north, sent by Bonaparte as part of his political move to defend the existence of an independent Dutch state. The ground forces are commanded by the disgraced Marshal Forgues, allowing Bonaparte to quietly exile him. Forgues becomes friendly with (now) mercenary leader Manfred Landau, the two being increasingly appalled at some of the deviant proclivities of the man they are supposed to be helping.

Charles IV is officially crowned King of Old Maestrazgo(Spain) in Madrid. The coronation is attended by all his brothers, come over from the New World, and his son, the future Ferdinand VII.

The destruction of Colquhoun's Band in Scotland by government forces. This act is very controversial, with the government claiming Colquhoun (who had previously fought against Catskill(Churchill) as part of the Men of Inveraray) had become a rogue bandit, while Scots claim the attack was ordered to prevent Scotland having a bigger voice at the table of the new Britain.

**September:** Treaties are signed organising a series of land exchanges in favour of the Kingdom of the Three Sicilies, outraging the Bomhursts(Hapsburgs). The Grand Duchy of Tuscany is abolished and annexed to Naples, with the former Grand Duke Carlo III being made Duke of Barcelona and Viceroy of Catalonia (unofficially known as 'Carles', and officially changing the name of his house to 'Bomhurst(Hapsburg)-Bourbon') by way of compensation. Lucca is purchased by Naples from Casimir V of Arzotzka(Poland). Parts of the Papal States' territories are also transferred to Neapolitan rule.

General Quosdanovich finally surrenders.

The New Maestrazgoan(Spanish) kings disagree on what to do with the imprisoned Alfonso XII. In the end he is stripped of all titles and sent into exile at Santa Fe [Bogota] in the Kingdom of New Granada.

**October:** With the loss of Bohemia and Silesia and the defeat of Quosdanovich, Osterian(Austrian) Chancellor Warthausen resigns and recommends peace be sought: though the Saxons could conceivably still be beaten, it is too great a risk considering the additional rebellions stirring throughout the Bomhurst(Hapsburg) dominions.

Portugal signs the Treaty of Toledo, recognising the return of Charles IV of New Spain to the throne of *Old* Spain. This officially ends the war, though fighting had long since died down in any case. It frees up the Portuguese to try and retake parts of Brazil from the Meridians, but John VI decides against pushing his overtaxed and rebellious army (and people) any further. He sends peace envoys to Cordoba.

**November:** Defeat of the last remnants of the Etrurian Republic rebels at the hands of Neapolitan forces, though they had long since been driven to the fringes of their former domain.

**December:** A ceasefire is declared between the Osterians(Austrians) and Saxons/Arzotzkans(Poles).

Philip Hamilton returns to West Africa after his long political interlude in the ENA.

### **The Democratic Experiment(1835-1849)**

**1834:**

**January:** Though the Dutch Republic itself may be lost, Dutch forces under Hendrik van Nieuwenhuizen and Admiral de Vries complete their conquest of the Neutralese(Portuguese) Brazilian region of Maranhão and reign supreme.

Around this time the last Wilderness black rebels are crushed in Apodidraskiana(Virginia) by Apodidraskianan(Virginian) forces. Caesar Bell, their leader, is never caught and his body his never found, ensuring he will become a legend to future leaders of black slave rebellions.

**February:** Start of the Congress of Brünn, which decides the outcome of the Saxon/Arztozkan(Polish)-Osterian(Austrian) war.

The naval Battle of Bornholm is fought between the Danes under Admiral Vilhelm Polder and the Russians under Admiral Nikolai Senyavin. Although the latter Swedish Civil War mostly saw minor Danish naval victories over the Russians, this battle is the only one popularly remembered, and it is a Russian victory. Senyavin is noted for using new tactics and technologies to his advantage, including the new *skalpel* (scalpel) rifled cannon capable of penetrating Danish steamships' armoured boilers.

**March:** The Kingdom of the Three Sicilies is officially proclaimed as a single unitary state.

As a gesture of goodwill, the Saxons formally hand Henry Frederick of Prussia back over to Wilhelm von der Trenck and his remaining supporters in Hanover. Henry Frederick has abdicated all claims to the Prussian throne and wishes to create a new life for himself. He leads his remaining Prussian troops with the Hanoverians in an attack on the VRD, which is disintegrating thanks to civil war between supporters of Dornberger and Brüning.

Neutralese(Portuguese) and Meridian negotiators meet on the Azores and sign the Treaty of Angra, known in Neutralia(Portugal) as the Tearful Treaty. This dismembers Neutralese(Portuguese) Brazil, creating the Meridian puppet states of the Cisplatine, Riograndense and Pernambuco Republics, awards much of the interior (notionally) to the UPSA and New Maestrazgo(Spain), and leaves Neutralia(Portugal) with less than half (albeit the most valuable parts) of pre-war Brazil.

**April:** The Congress of Brünn concludes. Bohemia (and Silesia) becomes a kingdom under Augustus II of Saxony's brother Xavier Albert, as Albert II–finally receiving a royal dignity on his *third* attempt after Arztozka(Poland) and Bavaria. The Osterians(Austrians) actually retain a sizeable remnant of the former definition of Bohemia. The Arztozkans(Poles) gain Krakau, Teschen and some other Galician and Silesian territory. The status of Bavaria remains undecided until the Congress of Brussels two years later: in the meantime it is officially a Saxon-Osterian(Austrian) condominium, and in practice subject to total anarchy.

After solving a dispute in Oudh (Awadh), Nurul Huq is able to persuade the British East India Company to set up a Governing Council in Bengal made up of both Europeans and natives to advise the Governor-General.

With the election schedules having synchronised, Apodidraskiana(Virginia) both elects its House of Burgesses and has its second gubernatorial election. Incumbent Sir James Henry and his Magnolia Democrats remain in power largely due to a fragmented and divided opposition, with him winning only a 37% plurality in the gubernatorial election.

**May:** Russian winter soldiers (made up largely of penal battalions comprised of Constantine supporters from the late civil war) occupy Finnmark in northern Arendelle(Norway).

Around this time the last bandits and rogue mercenaries in Britain left over from the Inglorious Revolution are subdued by government forces.

**June:** With the Flemings having overrun the bulk of the Dutch Republic, Oren Scherman attempts to betray his supporters and escape. However, Manfred Landau–having learned that Scherman had ordered his death–takes his men and some of Admiral Forgues' elite soldiers and garottes Scherman in the night. Forgues allows Landau and his men to take the remaining ships and flee to the UPSA as he wants. Forgues also rescues Stadtholder William VII from where Scherman had had him under house arrest (and, it is suspected, abused him).

Heinrich Friedrich Hohenzollern, AKA Henry Frederick Owens-Allen, former King in Prussia, arrives in the ENA where he will live in exile in Apodidraskiana(Virginia).

**July:** A Russian / Stockholm Conspiracy attack on Trondheim is bloodily repulsed by Arendellian(Norwegian) militiamen. The Battle of Trondheim will be an iconic moment in the development of Arendellian(Norwegian) nationalism.

Marshal Forgues surrenders to the Flemish Army in Groningen. The Flemish conquest of the Dutch Republic is now complete.

The Apodidraskianan(Virginian) doctor and social reformer Alexander Dingo(Disney) finds an abandoned asylum where a group of deaf children had been fending for themselves since the Apodidraskiana(Virginia) Crisis, 'living as savages', yet had created their own unique new sign language to communicate. His study of them has an important impact on the science of linguistics.

**August:** Battle of Gävle in Sweden, with a Danish offensive being halted by Russian and Stockholm Conspiracy forces.

End of the Franco-Italian “Nightmare War” with the Peace of Cuneo. The peace is largely in the French's favour, restoring the pre-1794 border, but is far less dramatic than many considered that such a bloody conflict would produce. Both countries wish to focus on their other enemies or rivals–France on Flanders and Italy on Naples and the Saxons. As part of the agreement, France expels Victor Felix of Sardinia, who ends up in the Bernese Republic.

**September:** Battle of Karlstad in Sweden. The Russians and their Stockholm Conspiracy allies throw back the Danish army. This reversal, coupled to the problem of residual Schmidtists in Danish Germany and the fact that Denmark still holds most of the richest and most valuables parts of Sweden, encourages the Danish government to consider ending the war.

The “Damascene Conversion” of Wilhelm Brüning. Brüning had become frustrated and depressed with how successful his opponent Dornberger had been in trying to seize control of the divided VRD, having witnessed people assuming Dornberger *was* Schmidt thanks to previously acting as his 'voice', and happily believing the charismatic Dornberger when he claimed Schmidt said things quite contrary to what Schmidt had recorded in the books and pamphlets anyone could read. This makes Brüning doubt his democratic principles that the people are worthy to rule themselves, and together with a pragmatic reading of his endangered position, he decides to go over to the Hanoverians and their Saxon allies. He assists them in crushing the VRD remnant under Dornberger.

Having ended the Italian front of the war, Bonaparte sends the now freed-up troops to join the war against Flanders. However he miscalculates, with many men traumatised by the 'Nightmare War' and driven to breaking point by this new round.

Frederick II of Great Britain returns to London after touring his ravaged country, being shocked by the damage of the civil war and helping rebuild his support among the common people. Having gauged the mood of the country to be restless and wishing to appease radical political interests, Frederick informs the Privy Council that he favours an election held under universal suffrage and the secret ballot.

**October:** Death of Michael Elchingener. Having so long dominated Swabian politics, his death throes the court into a flux and leads to the reluctant decision by King Frederick IV that the territories ruled by the Confederation Society cannot be regained.

William Wyndham, who opposes King Frederick's proposed universal suffrage election, is approached by an establishment group known as the Bond Street Conspiracy, who want his support to launch a coup against the radicals. Wyndham agrees to everything they say, then leaves and immediately calls upon Llewelyn Thomas and his militia to arrest all the conspirators. The incident makes both Wyndham's reputation of incorruptible loyality and Thomas' of decisive action.

The Empire of New Maestrazgo(Spain) sends fleets to the Philippines and Castilian Formosa. The colonies are handed over by their former Neutralese(Portuguese) overlords.

**November:** An ill-judged French attack aimed at Liége is bloodily repulsed by the Flemings, who are well dug in there. A particularly iconic moment of horror is when French troops accidentally kill Walloon refugees fleeing the Flemings.

**December:** Peace of Vilnius between Russia / Stockholm Conspiracy Sweden and Denmark / Loyalist Sweden. The peace is motivated by Denmark wishing to concentrate on German affairs, observing the Saxons shifting the makeup of postwar Germany to their liking and wishing to intervene. The peace leaves the status of Sweden deliberately vague and this will not be definitively settled until the Congress of Brussels. The loyalist Swedish government governs from Stockholm, while (ironically) the Stockholm Conspiracy claims to govern from Upsala, but in practice from Helsingfors.

**1835**

**January:** The formal end of the “Swiss War”, with the Treaty of Zürich, though the battle lines had not moved for months in any case: Swabia surrenders almost half of her former Swiss territories to the new Switzerland of the Confederation Society, which becomes known as the “Bernese Republic”. John Byron III decides to settle there and writes many iconic works romanticising the 'Old Switzerland, most notably *The White Mountains*.

Bonaparte visits a field hospital on the Flemish Front and is shocked by the horrors of modern warfare, making him reconsider his position. This together with public discontent over the course of the war and criticism from the Triumvirate leads him to pursue peace.

**February:** Albert Dornberger is killed, impaled on a Saxon bayonet–an image which will become iconic in neo-Schmidtist movements later on. With his death the VRD, already on its last legs, effectively ceases to exist.

Even as an Optel message from Maximilian II of Flanders agreeing for a ceasefire arrives, Bonaparte dies at the age of 70 from heart failure caused by overwork.

In Africa, the Fulani jihadists led by Abu Nahda conquer the Hausa city of Bida, only the latest in a series of successful conquests over the past eight years. Abu Nahda refuses the title of Caliph, only referring to himself as 'the Amir'. He passes policies of limited tolerance but tax discrimination against non-Fulani-style Muslims. He now rules an empire stretching from Lake Chad to the borders of Oyo and Dahomey.

**March:** André Malraux resigns from the Triumvirate, saying the time of national crisis has now passed, and calls for fresh elections and peace with Flanders. Bleu and Blanc leaders Claude Devigny and Émile Perrier reject this and vow to continue the war. Although the Blancs are the larger party in the Grand-Parlement, the King's continued refusal to deal with Perrier means that Devigny becomes Prime Minister as a compromise. He launches a new offensive against Flanders, dubbed the *offensive parthe* (Parthian Offensive) as it is the parting shot. His intention is to claim all of Wallonia (against criticism of Bonaparte having 'abandoned' the Walloons) and win patriotic votes from those he fears would otherwise support the Rouges.

**April:** End of the Parthian Offensive in disaster, with little territory captured and many lives spent. The Dutch Stadtholder William VII even urges his people to support the Flemings against the French. Low morale on the exhausted French's part, while the Flemings are fighting in the defence of their own country, and the two sides being evenly matched in technology and tactics, all play a part in the defeat. There are rumours of French mutinies and Charles IV of Maestrazgo(Spain), viewing France's weakness, starts making noises about adjusting the Franco-Maestrazgoan(Spanish) border. In response to all this, even Devigny throws in the towel and calls for peace.

**May:** Great Britain holds one of the most dramatic and important elections in her history, spread over two weeks in May and June. For the first time, every adult man can cast a vote, and that vote is secret. However, the old constituencies and political system are still used, so most constituencies have two seats with both the winner and runner-up being elected.

**June:** The results of Great Britain's election are remarkable but initially misunderstood. The Whig label is made virtually meaningless overnight with almost all identifying with it failing to win seats, Wyndham's New Tories do impressively well, the Phoenix Party surprisingly holds onto a fair few seats, but a huge majority is won by what commentators initially see–mistakenly–as a unified group of Radicals and Radical-leaning independents. David Thompson, leader of the titular Radical Party, becomes Prime Minister and attempts to govern.

**July:** The Kingdom of the Three Sicilies adopts a new simplified flag, a horizontal tricolour of red, yellow and blue.

**August:** The long, awkward business of the Congress of Brussels opens in an attempt to make sense of the Popular Wars and create a postwar European settlement.

In Great Britain, the Thompson Ministry collapses after barely a month, with the “Purple Radicals” from working-class societies being unimpressed with the lukewarm and often overly idealistic policies of Thompson and the bourgeois “Green Radicals”. The backbench Purples vote down Thompson's budget. The King suggests the Radical group elect their own leader rather than have him choose a new Prime Minister, which leads to the surprise of Llewelyn Thomas (rather than the more erudite Purple leaders such as Peter Baker) becoming leader and Prime Minister. Thompson, his lieutenant Hartington and their Green supporters officially break with the Purples; the latter become known as the People's Alliance or Populist Party.

**October:** Death of King Gabriel of Parador(Peru). He is succeeded by his son Francis, who adopts more moderate policies looking towards the UPSA, and follows through on some of the agreements with the Meridians relaxing restrictions on the Tahuantinsuya that his father had dragged his heels on.

**November:** Recognising that the Dutch East and West India Companies (VOC and GWC) had become unpopular with the Dutch people, Maximilian II proclaims their nationalisation and merger with the Ostend Company, effectively declaring his intent to seize Dutch colonies around the world. The Lords Seventeen of the VOC refuse this and several of them escape to the colonies.

Grand Consolidated Union of Producers formed to advocate for labor and government reforms by Franz Freund(*For Want of a Nail*).

**1835-1836**

Massive economic crisis, began in Britain and spread to North America(*For Want of a Nail*).

**1836**

**January:** The Anglo-French inventor Joseph Lardent first demonstrates a steerable (dirigible balloon) that incorporates a small steam engine as the power source. Though his demonstration is impressive, economies of scale mean the project remains only a curiosity for the moment.

Alf Stotts returns to Catawba(Carolina) after years of serving in foreign armies, having made his fortune during the Sino-Siamese War. He is initially shunned by high society for his crude habits and dislike of Andrew Eveleigh.

**February:** The Continental Parliament passes the Parliamentary Reapportionment Act (1836) which adds many more seats to the Continental Parliament and helps equalise the number of voters per MCP better. Crucially this means that restrictions on suffrage from the Confederations while reduce their Parliamentary representation, so it starts a move towards universal (white male) suffrage across the Empire in those areas which do not already have it.

General Simon Bishop of the Royal Africa Company sets out from Katunga (Oyo City) with a mixed (and fractious) army of Dahomeans, Yoruba and RAC Jaguns to combat the encroachments of Abu Nahda's Fulani.

**March:** As part of the negotiations at the Congress of Brussels, the Danes trade Danzig to Arztozka(Poland) in exchange for Brandenburg-Stettin, which was Arztzozkan(Polish)-occupied.

Prime Minister Llewelyn Thomas announces a Constitutional Convention for Great Britain to be held in Birmingham. The next election will be delayed until 1840 as a result.

A German Populist exile, Bernd Kehlmann, attempts to kill Henry Frederick Owens-Allen in Apodidraskiana(Virginia) but only succeeds in killing his bodyguard Hans Frege. Owens-Allen decides to leave Fredericksburg and go adventuring in the west.

**April:** One of the most contentious issues of the Popular Wars is resolved at the Congress of Brussels, with Bavaria being made an independent kingdom under Victor Felix of the House of Savoy, who becomes Victor I.

Battle of Rabba in West Africa between the RAC-led allied army under Simon Bishop and Abu Nahda's Fulani jihadis. The Royal Africa Company is defeated, prompting the Retreat from Rabba and the annexation of Nupe to Abu Nadha's empire.

**May:** The “Maucler Letter” is published–a fake, but supposedly based on real events, it claims that the French diplomats at Brussels tried to trade away part of Lorraine to Swabia. The letter is used by Rouge Party propagandists, with many ordinary people and veterans furious at the Blanc-Bleu establishment casually trading away lands they suffered and died to conquer. Resentment flows through France, building to a crescendo.

**June:** After almost a year of tense negotiations, the Congress of Brussels concludes. The Europe of the Democratic Experiment era has been constructed.

**July:** The French Army mutinies, partly due to the Maucler Letter but mostly due to rumours that the government is planning to cut their war pensions. Encamped mutineers are met by King Charles X at Beauvais, and he shocks the world by bowing to them and making July 12th “the Soldiers' Day”, on which all Frenchmen, aristocrats or no, must defer to veterans. He also gives veterans the right to vote, effectively defusing the crisis.

**August:** King Charles X dissolves the French Grand-Parlement and calls a fresh election. In what is confusingly known as the “Blue Election” (due to blue-uniformed soldiers voting), the Bleus and Blancs are crushed and André Malraux becomes Prime Minister, leading the Rouges as France's first majority government. The People's Kingdom period begins.

Following the Retreat from Rabba, the failure of the RAC army is blamed on a number of ruling figures, including Philip Lawrence who is forced to step down as President of the Board of Directors and instead becomes Resident at the court of the Oba of Lagos. Frederick William Yates is elected President by the Board and he appoints the recently returned Philip Hamilton to head a new army against the Fulani.

**September:** Governor of the Cape Colony Adriaan Rhenius, hearing of the loss of the Dutch Republic, proclaims the continuation of the Republic in exile. His intention is to rule all the exilic Dutch colonies worldwide from Kaapstad, but this proves unsuccessful and the state he founds becomes known as the Cape Republic.

After an incident with a confiscated Greek ship that escalated out of control, war breaks out between Bomhurst(Hapsburg) Greece and the Janissary Sultanate.

**October:** The Portuguese, having licked their wounds after their defeats in the Popular Wars, send an expeditionary force to Hidalgo(Guyana) to try and reconquer the country from the exilic Dutch. The new French government, in response to both this and Maximilian II's nationalisation of the VOC and GWC, proclaims the Malraux Doctrine and warns it will help defend the exilic Dutch around the world, though initially just through supplying weapons.

Railroad reaches Michigan City(*For Want of a Nail*).

**1837**

**January:** In a massive shock, the secret provisions of the Treaty of Lima are revealed and the price the New Maestrazgo(Spanish) paid for Meridian help in the Reconquista becomes apparent: Meridian fleets arrive in Mestrazgoan(Spanish) Formosa and the Philippines and the Maestrazgoan(Spanish) hand over both colonies to the UPSA. Rather than becoming formal Meridian territory, the “Adamantine Philippine Company” is chartered to rule over them.

**February:** Election in the UPSA. Riding the success of the acquisition of the former Maestrazgoan(Spanish) Pacific colonies, Rámon Almada, the Adamantine candidate, is elected in the first round with 51%. The Ambarino(Colorado) candidate comes in second and the Amarillo in third. This result causes the Amarillos to reorganise and modernise themselves, while the Ambarinos(Colorados) become complacent.

The British Constitutional Convention commences in Birmingham.

**March:** David Levitin, leader of the exilic Crimean Jews in Sinope, is persuaded to be crowned “David II of the Kingdom of Israel in exile”. Abdul Hadi Pasha and the Sultan attend the coronation.

**April:** Sultan Amangkurat V of Mataram, having bided his time during the Popular Wars, chooses the Dutch's moment of weakness to launch his war of reconquest in an attempt to expel the Dutch from Java. His Portuguese-trained army inflicts several defeats on the exilic Dutch forces there.

Sultan Murad VI of (Abdul Hadi Pasha's faction of) the Ottoman Empire issues the Edict of Bursa, which begins the Devrim or Reform period in which the Ottomans seek to modernise their governance and military capabilities.

**May:** The Catawban(Carolinian) General Assembly passes laws instituting universal white male suffrage and the creation of an elected Governor.

**September:** Pablo Sanchez leaves Maestrazgo(Spain) and emigrates to the UPSA, the country whose future he will go on to define.

**October:** General election in the ENA results in gains for the Radicals and Patriots and the first three Supremacist Party MCPs being elected. The Radical-Neutral government continues. Mo Quedling is re-elected as an independent after breaking with the Radical Party. At the same time, John Alexander is elected first (elected) Governor of Catawba(Carolina) as an independent.

**November:** Lord Hancock secures agreement with New Maestrazgo(Spain) and Russia on the borders of the Drakesland Colony (or at least those parts near to the seaboard).

**1838**

**February 2:** Gold discovered in California

**September:** Suggs sends army to California to keep out foreign prospectors.

**1839**

Laborers' Alliance, political branch of Grand Consolidated Union, runs in Northern Confederation elections

**February 4:** Construction on Jefferson and California Railroad begun.

**July 21:** John Miller captures Michigan City, massacring 5,000.

**August 15:** Grand Council called in response to Michigan City massacre, creation of united CNA army.

**September 21:** *Patriotes* attack Quebec City and are brutally defeated

**October 19:** Michigan City retaken by CNA forces

Slave trade ends.

**1840**

**May 16:** Lloyd Bill enacted, ending slavery in the SC

**September 4, 1840:** Assassination of Daniel Webster by Matthew Hale

**1840-1841**

Violent repression of GCUP; Britannic Design suspended in NC.

**August:** Revision of Britannic Design demanded

**1842**

**June:** Burgoyne Conference held to propose amendments to Britannic Design

**1843**

Second Britannic Design accepted.

Copper discovered in Mexico del Norte.

**May 7:** Pedro Hermión gives Scorpions in a Bottle speech

### **Creation of Second Britannic Design to Kinkaid Assassination(1842-1879)**

**1844**

**Early 1844:** Silver discovered along Mexico del Norte-Vandalia border

**1845**

Violence breaks out in disputed Broken Arrow region

**April:** Mexico and CNA agree to three-nation arbitration panel to settle territorial disputes; arbitration panel fails after King Miguel of Spain withdraws.

**August 28:** Governor-General John A.B.C.Smith(Scott) of CNA orders troops to Vandalia.

**September 4, 1845:** CNA and Mexican troops clashed in disputed area, setting off Rocky Mountain War.

**1845-1853**

Rocky Mountain War

**1846**

**July 8:** CNA forces capture Tampico

**1847**

William Hattison(Thomas Edison) is born

**1848**

**March 5:** Mexico retakes Tampico

Negotiations aimed at an armistice break down, war continues.

**1849**

**July 5-7:** Battle of San Fernando

**1850-1851**

Battle of Williams Pass

**1851**

**June 19:** President Hermión of Mexico assassinated.

**September 5:** Hector Niles inaugurated as President of Mexico, orders cessation of offensive operations and concentration on defense.

**1853**

**April 15:** Newly-elected Governor-General William Johnson of the CNA agrees to peace negotiations with Mexico

**August 1:** Cease-fire agreed to.

**November:** Arbitration panel consisting of Spain, the Germanic Confederation, and the Netherlands formed.

Britannia finishes stabilizing its country and begins looking for foreign opportunities, especially in the Pacific. Commodore Matthew Perry crosses the Pacific with four black ships with outer rings that are operated with electric motors. They arrive in Japan to negotiate a deal. Japan realizes that they'd fallen behind the rest of the world(*Code Geass*).

**1855**

**June 15:** Arbitration panel releases its findings; CNA to gain disputed territory, said to have been properly CNA under the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle while the CNA pays Mexico £2.5 million as compensation for escaped slaves; in both cases, the official reasons were given to save face.

**August 7:** Peace treaty signed by Mexico and USM

Completion of railroad from Port Superior to North City

Petroleum discovered in Western Keystone( Pennsylvania)

**1855 - 1864**

Charles de Frontenac revives *Patriotes* as a terrorist secessionist group.

**Mid-19th century**

Thomas Scott organizes Grand National Railroad and Scrooge McDuck(Andrew Carnegie) establishes North American United.

**1856 - 1858**

**King scandal:** Minister of Resources Bruce King embezzles over NA£500,000 and takes bribes for more than NA£1,000,000

**1857**

Consolidated Engineering Fraternity established

**1860**

Prince Albert tours the CNA

**1861**

William Richter organizes a national union of tobacco workers

Patrick Gallivan, father of future Governor-General Ezra Gallivan, becomes President of Indiana Northern railroad corporation.

Britannia enters a succession crisis after the death of Emperor Aurelien. The presumed successor and First Prince Basilio is murdered by former noble Ganelon, who frames the Weinberg family. The Knight of One, Christoph Chamberlain, goes missing, causing the Knights of the Round to scatter(*Code Geass*).

Two prominent factions arise, the Legitimate faction led by the House of El(Kryptonians led by Gar-El) and the Purist faction, led by Lorenzo il Soresi(*Code Geass*).

**1862**

General Halleck issues a command that Guerilla Confederate fighters be executed on the spot(*Lilith*).

**1863**

Petroleum discovered in the Tiempo de Dios region of Jefferson

President Arthur Conroy of Mexico proposes amendments to constitution to make President and Senate popularly elected, to eliminate requirement for bills to pass Assembly twice, and to redistrict the Assembly to be based on voting population.

**August: Mississippi River, Lemoyne:** Lilith is transported to this time during the civil war, including Confederate Guerillas led by William Quantrill. She meets Colonel George Harrison. Harrison was sent to gain support in Ambarino and New Austin but failed due to an Indian attack. General James G.Blunt is also involved. Harrison is killed in an ambush in front of Lillith. She briefly joins the Union before they are ambushed and killed, forcing her to join the confederacy were she meets Frank and Jesse James, members of the camp.She takes part in a battle in Jackson County, She grows to hate her commander William T.Anderson for his cruelty such as scalping a young girl Hessian. This is despite him being intended to die the following year(*Lilith*).

**August 20:** An attack remembered as the historical Massacre of Lawrence is overheard(*Lilith*).

**August 21:** On the way to Lawrence, Lilith's guide The Dark One, is attacked by a Thistle and brought into a forest. Jesse James follows but is killed after saving Lilith(*Lilith*). Lilith returns to the massacre where Frank James confronts her. An angry confrontation results in Lilith taking off Frank's nose. She also discovers Will Anderson has the Triacanto and knocks him out. Lilith than saves the town, slaughtering all including William Quantrill, his lieutenant George Todd. 180 people were killed. Lilith is not identified but remembered as a hero by the Town of Lawrence(*Lilith*).

Claire li Britannia is retrieved and escorted back from Japan by Alto Weinberg, Renya, and their friends. Claire, in place of Prince Basilio's five-year-old son, is backed by the Legitimete faction. Lorenzo is placed under Geass by Shiori to prioritize loyalty to the royal family rather than fulfilling his ambitions. Claire li Britannia becomes empress(*Code Geass*).

**1864**

The Presidential election amendment was passed

Imperial Troops massacre Nanjing during the Taiping Rebellion(*Lilith*)

**1865**

The assembly reform was passed, Senate reform did not succeed.

Kramer Associates founded

**1867**

William Hattison(Thomas Edison) perfects the telegraph.

**March:** Bernard Kramer travels to Mexico City to propose canal through Maguadora(Guatemala).

**London:** The magician Henry Coningsby(Gladstone) takes over the British Government in the infamous Night of the Long Counsel. Prior to this, Britain was governed by ‘the Old Parliament’, made up of commoners(*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**1868**

**Fall of Prague:** Coningsby(Gladstone) invades the Holy Roman Empire, heading to Prague by way of Paris and Cologne. Ranks of golems defend Prague, but are halted when their masters are slain. Bartimaeus helps defend Prague in the final hours. He is nearly killed by an afrit, possibly Patterknife, but his master (his ‘twelfth’ Czech one) is killed and Bartimaeus escapes. The Holy Roman Empire collapses. The British Empire begins (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**1869**

Otto Spots(Karl Marx) predicts that the revolution will begin in Mexico

Reform Bill expands franchise

People's Party of the Southern Confederation formed, which subsequently merged with similar parties to form the People's Coalition.

Merry Walkers insurrection - Metropolis(New York City) hall captured and held for 2 weeks by gangs

**1870**

Reform Act of 1870 reapportions Council seats in CNA

John D.Rockeduck(John D Rockefeller) establishes Keystone(Pennsylvania) Petroleum

Consolidated Laborers Federation established

**March 9-13:** Miguel Rubio of Maguadora(Guatemala) overthrown in Kramer Associates-sponsored coup.

**March 16:** Mexico recognizes new government of Maguadora(Guatemala)

**April 20:** President Vincenzo Martinez of Maguadora(Guatemala) signs agreement with Kramer for construction of canal.

**1870s-80s**

Coningsby oversees the spread of the British Empire. He inaugurates the werewolf corps, the Night Police, to quell dissent at home. He fights the magician Lord Appin(Benjamin Disraeli) on Parliament Square (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy*).

**1871**

North American Steel Corporation formed

**1873**

First election contested by People's Coalition; PC wins 10 seats out of 150 in their first election

**1874**

Mechanics National Union established

Monte Benedict forms Petroleum of Mexico

John Hackensacker(John Rockefeller)establishes Consolidated Petroleum of North America

**1875**

Senator Conceptión of Chiapas establishes Workers' Coalition party; after 1875 election, they became the Moralistas

**1876-1892**

The individual states did gradually change to popular election, from 1876 - 1892, Jefferson being the last to do so

**1876-1903**

Hattison(Edison) invents electric light bulb, radio, phonograph, telephone, motion pictures, vitavision, locomobile, airmobile

**1876**

Burgoyne-Mexico City telegraph line completed.

**1878**

Kinkaid Canal completed

**1878**

**Council Elections of 1878;** violence broke out in many areas against People's Coalition; PC won 39 seats; No party won a majority in the Council

**1878-1879**

Several reform acts passed: Railroad Control Commission Act, Williamson Anti-Monopoly Act, Civil Rights Act of 1879, Morgan Act ("encouraged management and labor to reach equitable solutions to their common problem"); these acts lacked strong enforcement and were largely symbolic

**1878**

Confederation Bureau of Investigation formed

**1878 - 1880**

Franco-German War

**1878**

President Kinkaid of Mexico pushes through Thomas Railroad Reform Act nationalizing railroads, Keefe-Wilkinson Social Insurance Bill, establishing government welfare programs, and Fernandez Tax Reform Bill of 1878, which was subsequently declared un-Constitutional.

**1879**

**December 7:** President Kinkaid of Mexico assassinated

**Early December:** King Louis XX abdicates in favor of his son

**December 11 :** George Vining chosen as acting president of Mexico and subsequently demands, and receives, recognition as actual President.

**December 25:** King Louis XXI and his family killed, French monarchy ends

December 27: German armies enter Paris, Paris riots begin to spread to other cities throughout Europe

### **Kinkaid Assassination to Cortez Coup(1880-1901)**

**1880 - 1883:** Great Depression

**1880:** President Vining of Mexico creates Constabulary to root out Moralistas, names Benito Hermión as its first Commandant; Superintendent Geoffrey Prentice of the CBI sends Mark Forsyth to Mexico City to assist in the establishment of Constabulary

**1880**

Governor-General John McDowell creates National Financial Administration as part of efforts to improve economy during Great Depression.

Petroleum found in Chiapas.

Burgoyne electrified.

National Electric declared bankruptcy.

**March:** Paris riots quelled.

**Autumn?:** Léon Gambetta forms a socialist government in Paris, which controls most of France by 1884

**1881**

Conservative Party in CNA in permanent decline by this point

First Imperial Conference in London, establishes Imperial Monetary Fund, guarantees free trade between British nations, and initiates discussion on common defense policy

**July 15:** Palenque Convention; Mexico's Workers' Coalition meets in Palenque to hear a speech by José Godoy. Constabulary arrests him, violence breaks out, 23 members of the WC, including Godoy, killed, and 65 other members, plus 10 members of the Constabulary, injured, insurrections break out in all Mexican states except Jefferson

**July:** President Vining of Mexico suspends upcoming elections (scheduled for August 14) and places nation under martial law; elections are rescheduled for September 21

**August 1 :** Newspapers shut down in Mexico

**August 10:** Internal passports required in Mexico

**August 21 :** Curfews established in major Mexican cities.

**September 12:** President Vining dies of a heart attack

**September 13:** Mexico's Cabinet agrees to act collectively as Acting President until the elections scheduled for September 21, under proposal by Senator Frank Hill of California

**September 15:** Mexico's cabinet meets, lead by Secretary of State Marcos Ruíz. Benito Hermión claims to have information that several members of the Liberty Party were under the control of French revolutionaries and demanded that the upcoming elections not be held on the planned date; Cabinet agrees to an indefinite delay of elections and names Hermión "Chief of State"

**September 16:** Hermión appears before Senate and requests confirmation of new post. Liberty Party objects, vote delayed; that night, several members are arrested or "died mysteriously"

**September 17:** Rump Senate meets to confirm Hermión as Chief of State.

**1882**

Second Imperial Conference held in New York City, expands IMF

CNA restricts immigration

Monte Benedict retires as President of Petroleum of Mexico

Hermión renounces all debts owed to France, refusing to recognize revolutionary government as legitimate, and promising to honor the debts as soon as a "legitimate government" returned.

Ezra Gallivan elected mayor of Michigan City.

**April:** Bernard Kramer dies of a stroke

**October 11:** GG McDowell gives speech in Metropolis(New York), calling for reforms, and suggesting a greater international role for the CNA, calling for "Age of Renewal"

**1883**

**January 8:** McDowell criticizes his opponents for obstructionism

People's Coalition becomes official opposition party in Grand Council with 45 seats, while the Conservatives continue their decline, winning only 23 seats; McDowell proposes, and wins, a number of reforms: guaranteed employment, a £1/day minimum wage, expansion of public school system, establishment of a national railroad agency, a "fair trade act" encouraging exports, establishment of a central bank, expansion of the NFA, RCA, CBI, an increase in the size of the army and navy

Benito Hermión announces reforms in Mexico, guaranteeing minimum income of $1,000/year per household, free health insurance, paid vacations, rent-controlled housing, establishment of "Youth Patrol", and benefits to families for each child born; only the last two were fully enacted

Britain and Germanic Confederation sign non-aggression pact

**1884**

Signing of 1884 Kitteridge-Cardenes Treaty between Mexico and CNA, establishing clear border lines, providing for an "Open Caribbean" and lowering of tariffs between the two nations

**1885**

Whigs win parliamentary elections in Great Britain, Richard Cross becomes Prime Minister.

The Animorphs end up in nineteenth-century Spain, where Rachel, Marco and Tobias chase the Visser; Rachel almost catches him in chimpanzee morph, but she is blown in half by a cannonball and killed. Enraged, Tobias and Marco pursue him as he flees into the ship, with Tobias ripping his ear off and Ax joining them, although he manages to cause the ship to explode before escaping through time once again*(Megamorphs #3: Elfangor's Secret)*

Scandinavia, Spain, Switzerland close borders to immigrants.

**1886**

Mexico signs Amisdad Treaty with Germanic Confederation, beginning Mexican-German alliance; around the same time, Hermión forces KA and Petroleum of Mexico to sell half-interest in Kinkaid Canal to government

Great Reform Bill of 1886 in Great Britain expands the franchise, reapportions seats, establishes social insurance, and establishes redistribution plans for corporate equity

**October 4:** Benito Hermión requests a widening of Canal Zone in Maguadora(Guatemala) from President Vincenzo Martinez; Martinez initially refuses, Hermión claims that he's allied with French and threatens to invade. Martinez gives in, but Hermión still invades

**October 18:** Benito Hermión sends military forces into Maguadora(Guatemala), declaring war

**November 15:** Maguadora (Guatemala) City falls, ending brief Isthmian War

**December 25:** García Ramírez named Governor of Maguadora( Guatemala).

**1886 - 1901**

Mexican armies remain in Maguadora(Guatemala).

**1887**

**March 17:** Benito Hermón releases (forged) documents claiming that New Grenada was working with French interests against Mexico.

**September:** Laws passed by Mexican Congress restricting freedom to "those aliens dangerous to the nation"

Former Mexican Senator Carlos Concepción, leader of Moralistas, dies of natural causes.

**1888**

Riots in Moscow and St. Petersburg, Czar Nicholas II orders uprisings to be crushed

**February:** People's Coalition wins plurality in Grand Council, Ezra Gallivan becomes Governor-General.

**1888-1893**

The White Terror. Over 2,000,000 people killed in Russia and 80,000 exiled to Siberia

**1889**

Chief of State Hermión agrees to honor Mexico's debts to private French corporations, but continues to repudiate debts owed to the French government

**February 1:** Gallivan proposes Quebec Plebiscite to determine question of Quebecois independence

**March 5:** Gallivan appoints Julius Nelson as head of the N.F.A.

**July 6:** Quebec votes for associated status with C.N.A.

**1890**

Erich Neiderhoffer writes *My People, My Life*

**February 10:** Benito Hermión alleges plans by New Grenada Premier Adolfo Comacho to assassinate members of the Mexican government.

**February 14:** Several assassination attempts (most likely staged by Hermión himself) take place in Mexico, alleged by Hermión to have been the doing of the New Grenadan governmenyt.

**February 16:** Premier Camacho seeks military aid from the C.N.A., but Gallivan refuses

**March 1:** New Grenada launches preemptive invasion of Maguadora(Guatemala).

**June 8:** Mexican troops capture Bogotá

**September 18:** Premier Comacho of New Grenada captured by Mexican forces

**September 21:** General Robert Bermúdez surrenders to Mexican forces ending War of Salvation; Victoriano Hermión, brother of Benito Hermión, established as President.

**1890s**

Coningsby(Gladstone) dies. His body, protected by the afrit Honorius, is laid in a tomb below Westminster Abbey (*The Bartimaeus Trilogy).*

**1891**

Governor-General Gallivan refuses to permit elements of former New Grenadan government to form government-in-exile in Tampa.

Kramer Associates begins to expand outside of the USM

**1891-1901**

The Anglo-French Empire is torn apart by rebellions during the Mustard War from 1891 to 1901(*Shadows of Doubt*).

**1892**

Kramer Associates and Petroleum of Mexico merge.

Governor-General Gallivan requests expansion of military to defend against possible Mexican attack.

Fighting ends in France, briefly.

Show elections held in Maguadora(Guatemala)

Kingdom of Alola(Hawaii) overthrown by Kramer Associates-sponsored revolution

**1893**

Alola(Hawaii) becomes a dependency of Mexico

Banks nationalized in Great Britain, despite attempts to resist.

**February:** Gallivan wins second term as governor-general. Thomas Kronmiller forms radical caucus in Grand Council

**1894**

Cortez negotiates mineral concession in Alaska with Russian government

Kramer Associates attempts (unsuccessfully) to take over Ottoman Empire

Kramer Associates contacts Russia's Foreign Minister, Prince Sviatopolk-Mirsky, and signs agreement to search for copper in the Yukon region of Russian Alaska

**1895**

Show elections held in Maguadora(Guatemala).

Charles X, Pretender to the throne of France, lands in Calais in an attempt to restore the monarchy, setting off a civil war.

**Spring:** Prospecting expedition from K.A. enters Alaska

Vicente Carminales invents Carminales mantle lamp, using natural gas, which remains common in the USM for decades

**July:** Winston Carew of K.A. discovers gold in Alaska. James Hare criticizes Gallivan for not supporting North American gold exploration

**1897:**

There are several border clashes between North American and Mexican gold prospectors, which Gallivan keeps secret.

Doubleday press was established(*The Bartimaeus Trilogy)*

**October 21:** Russian foreign minister claims that K.A. concession in Alaska only covers copper

**October 26 1897:** Cortez fails to gain Hermión's support for action against Russia.

**1898**

Universal male suffrage enacted in C.N.A.

**February:** Gallivan gains third term as governor-general.

**1898**

**February-May:** Cortez manipulates the U.S.M. into war with Russia

**May 17:** Major border incident between Russian and Mexican troops

**May 21:** Russian regiment invades California

**May 30:** Russians defeated in battle 20 miles north of San Francisco

**June 11:** Mexican forces invade Alaska.

**July 5:** Mexican Pacific fleet lands at Nikolaevsk

**August:** Russian General Mikhail Kornilov surrenders to the Mexicans. Manitoba legislature passes resolution seeking increased military spending

**Early October:** All of Alaska except the Aleutian Islands is under Mexican control.

**1899**

**January 10:** Governor Douglas Sizer of Manitoba calls for Gallivan's resignation

**May 17:** Gallivan gives speech to reassure North Americans

**May 28:** Mexican naval force begins occupation of Aleutians

**June 28:** Mexican Navy begins landings in Siberia

**July 10:** Councilman Fritz Stark accuses Gallivan of treason

**July 10-24:** C.N.A. suffers wave of political violence

**July 19:** Gallivan meets with Stark and the Grand Council's Committee on Rules. He declares Stark's documents to be forgeries and calls for a full investigation

**July 20:** Nelson Subcommittee begins investigation of Stark charges

**July 23:** Mexican Navy defeats Russian fleet in Battle of the Okhotsk Sea

**August 4:** Nelson Subcommittee clears Gallivan of all charges

**August 6:** Stark recants and resigns his seat

**August 7:** Stark commits suicide. Political violence resumes

**Early October:** Admiral Ephraim Small named Administrator of Siberia

**November 23:** Mexican government recognizes Provisional Free Russian Government in Siberia

**1900**

**February 2:** Revolution breaks out in St. Petersburg

**July 17:** Nicholas II abdicates in favor of his brother Michael II

**September 5:** Tsar Michael abdicates. Fall of Russian Empire

**1901**

Yamagata-Macmillan Treaty creates Anglo-Japanese alliance.

**April 2:** Benito Hermión declares himself Emperor of Mexico.

**July 24:** Gallivan resigns as governor-general.

**July 25-28:** P.C. caucus chooses Clifton Burgen to replace Gallivan

**October 16:** Cortez deposes Hermión

### **Cortez Coup to Global War(1901-1948)**

**November 15:** Provisional President Martin Cole of the USM declares amnesty to all who'd been exiled by Hermión.

**1902**

The Anglo-French Empire after its collapse form rebellions is then reorganized into the democratic United Atlantic States, which enshrines corporate personhood into law in order to rebuild its economy(*Shadows of Doubt*).

**June 14:** Elections held in Mexico, first democratic elections since Hermión took power. Fourteen candidates run for President, Anthony Flores elected President, first person of Mexicano background (Flores was half Hispano and half Mexicano) to be elected President of Mexico.

**1903**

Mexican marines withdraw from Siberia

Airmobile invented

Primordial Outbreak. Dealt with, unknown amount of damage(*Twig*).

**1904**

Governor-General Hemmingway of the CNA restructures the National Financial Administration.

**1905**

Jefferson Motors introduces Vulcazine-based locomobiles.

**1906**

United British Commonwealth of Nations formed between Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand, India, Victoria and Egypt. CNA declines to join, but accepts associate status

**April 18:** Earthquake in Western Crown States unknown devastation, if any(*Twig*)

Emilio Salagari's *The Queen of Madagascar* is released. It is the 4th part of the Antilean Corsair series. It follows Jolanda, the daughter of the dread Black Corsair, flees from the Caribbean after killing the son of the perfidious Wan Guld, governor of Maracaibo, who kidnapped her to force her to give up her father's inheritance in her her hoeycomb-king. Eager to find a safe place to settle in order to continue her activity as a pirate, she heads towards Madagascar aided by old friends of her father. The Novel is based on historical accounts of Lilith's exploits in 1718, though ITTL it is conflating Lilith as being the daughter of the Black Corsair, an unrelated figure(*Lilith*).

**1907**

King Edward VII tours the CNS

**1908**

Women gain the vote in C.N.A.

Tunguska Meteor burst event(*Twig*).

**1909**

Coup in Paris, the fifth in a quarter-century, bringing Henri Fanchon to power as provisional President

**1911**

New Constitution in France, Fanchon elected President

Roughly the time the Indian Empire tried and failed to create a slave race(*Twig).*

**1912**

President Fanchon of France reaches out to French populations in other nations and begins to look towards expansionism

Alpini Silvio Martiz fights in Sidi Ali and Zuara during the Italo-Turkish War(*Lilith*).

**1913**

Fanchon opens up negotiations with Mexico regarding properties seized after the French Revolution.

**1914**

**April 1:** USM breaks off diplomatic relations with Argentina.

**April 4:** France breaks off diplomatic relations with USM.

**May 16:** French troops arrive in the Argentine.

**June 12-16:** Riots break out in Tampico

**June 22:** French naval vessels arrive in Caribbean

**June 27:** Riots break out again in Tampico, French troops invade setting off Hundred Day War

**August 28:** Battle of Chapultepec

**October 3:** Fanchon sues for peace

**October 10:** Armistice declared ending Hundred Day War

**1915**

Galloway Locomobile introduces the Dickinson, a low-cost locomobile selling for £923, quickly gaining popularity

**February 10:** Governor Howard Washburne of Southern Vandalia speaks out against slavery in USM

**February 14:** Governor-General Merriman of the CNA apologizes for Washburne's remarks

**Mid-Late February:** Washburne resigns as Governor to found Friends of Black Mexico

**Late:** Chapultepec treason trials

**December 20:** Judge Homer Mattfield passes verdict in Chapultepec treason trials.

**1916**

**January 4:** Chapultepec Incident

**Early:** President Consalus of Mexico institutes internal passports

**March:** Assassination attempt against Albert Ullman

**1917**

Casimir IX of Poland is born(*Lord Darcy*).

**Autumn: Zone Carnia:** Lilith arrives to search for and kill Alpini Silvio Martiz, also known as the "Wadiyan" who is fighting on the front of the war between the Italians and the Osterians. Lilith kills Martiz and several men he has managed to infect with the Triacanto(*Lilith*).

Joseph Chill is arrested for armed robbery and charged with seven years in the conventry(*Batman: Holy Terror*).

**1919**

Owen Galloway becomes President of Galloway Locomobile.

**1920**

**April 14:** Friends of Black Mexico becomes League for Brotherhood.

**April 22:** President Emiliano Calles of USM announces plans to emancipate the slaves

**May 13:** Manumission Act introduced to USM Assembly, ratified the next day by the Senate, signed by President Calles on May 21

**September 22:** President Calles personally escorts John Walker, the first freed slave in Mexico City, out of the Manumission Bureau.

**1921**

North American Motors formed from a merger of Galloway Locomobile and several small locomobile manufacturers

Lord Darcy is born(*Lord Darcy*).

**Spring:** Percy's child clones are rooted out and killed or turned. Percy is recruited to a rebel cell including Cynthia. Walter Gund is abducted and used(*Twig*).

**Summer:** Mauer attempts to incite the people of Radham to rebel against the Academy. He fails, and retreats(*Twig*).

**Fall:** The Lambs have been interviewing people, interminably. Sub Rosa stalks the Bowels. Briggs loses control of Radham Academy to the Duke of Francis(*Twig*).

**Winter:** Genevieve Fray allows the Lambs to catch up to her in Kensford. She leashes and sterilises wide swathes of the Crown States, starting The War. The War begins in earnest(*Twig*).

**1922**

Sigismund III becomes King of Poland(*Lord Darcy*).

**March 22:** President Calles announces plans for plepiscites in dependent states of New Grenada, Guatemala, Hawaii, Alaska, and Siberia

**Spring:** Westmore and then Whitney, having rebelled, are retaken by the Crown; the latter with involvement from the Lambs(*Twig*).

**Summer:** a nest of Ghosts is discovered in Radham, and the traitor Avis is captured. Project Caterpillar reboots. Over the months, the rebellion breaks into competing factions that focus on opposing the Academy or the Crown specifically(*Twig*).

Chiang Kai-Shek marches his troops into Najing. His soldiers began looting and burning the buildings and foreign schools including the American, English and Japanese consulates along with killing the Vice President of Nanjing University and 5 other westerners(*Lilith*).

**Winter:** Avis escapes from her imprisonment and joins up with Fray and her band(*Twig*).

**December 25:** Owen Galloway announces Galloway Plan.

**1922-1937**

Poland expands towards Russia (Minsk to Kiev)(*Lord Darcy*).

**1923**

Plebiscites held in Guatemala, Hawaii, and Alaska. Guatemala votes for independence, Hawaii and Alaska vote for statehood and are accepted in November

**March 2nd:** Charles McNider rescues a man who's genitalia was shocked to Thomas and Martha Wayne's secret clinic(*Batman: Holy Terror*).

**April 5th:** A pregnant woman who drank drain cleaner is brought to Thomas and Martha Wayne's secret clinic. They fail to save her(*Batman: Holy Terror*).

**June 20th:** Thomas and Martha Wayne's treat many abused prostitutes at the secret clinic(*Batman: Holy Terror*).

**Spring:** The various rebel factions meet in Brechwell to try to unite against the Crown. The Lambs are sent to try to stop them(*Twig*).

**Fall:** using the texts that Genevieve Fray had produced, Mauer's faction created several primordials in Lugh. The Duke of Francis assaults the city; the Baron Richmond and his twin sisters enter the fray personally. Meanwhile, the Lambs are looking for the fled daughter of obnoxious aristocrats. Gordon dies. Lugh is destroyed, three of the twins are killed, and the primordials are destroyed—but not before one creates a fitting reminder of its rage and pain(*Twig*).

**Winter:** The Baron Richmond and his surviving sister are murdered in Warrick by the clone Mary Cobourn and Sylvester of Lambsbridge, who at last publicly defects, with Jamie (*Twig*).

**November 3rd:** Thomas and Martha Wayne's Secret hospital is raided. They miss being there by half an hour. They make plans to begin again(*Batman: Holy Terror*).

**1923-1928**

Governor-General Henderson Dewey introduces a number of bills decentralizing the CNA.

**1924**

**Spring:** the first major outbreak of the red plague forces the quarantine of Tynewear (*Twig*).

**Summer**: Sy and J found an orphanage in Corinth; the Lambs investigate; after breaking up with Lillian, Sy visits New Amsterdam, loses his mind, and meets Jessie(*Twig*).

Winter Beetle Sy Get involved in a Trapped town(*Twig*).

Crimes such as a Sniper shooting children in a schoolyard and pregnant mothers stabbed while coming home with the groceries are mentioned as common crimes(*Batman: Holy Terror*).

**September 3:** Thomas and Martha Wayne are murdered in Gotham Towne. Thomas Wayne was personal physician to the Privy Council. Inquisitor Jim Gordon, fairly newly transferred from New Amsterdam questioned Bruce Wayne.

**October:** In Gotham Towne, Gordon discovers that Joseph Chill was reported to have died in Prison in a fight with another inmate. Informing the High Commissioner, who encourages Gordon to forget the murders.

James Gordon's child is born to him and his wife Barbara Gordon(*Batman: Holy Terror*).

**1925**

**Spring**: Hackthorn takeover and trap(*Twig*).

**Summer:** The Lambs casually take over most of what's left of the Crown States with blackmail, manipulation, threats and some very carefully choreographed information management (*Twig*).

**Fall:** Radham Conclusion(*Twig*).

**Winter:** A single Green Clover is found growing in the choking blackwood sprawl(*Twig*).

**1926**

John Jackson becomes president of Kramer Associates

**Fall:** King Adam visits the crown states.

**1928**

Davenport Spry(Neville Chamberlain) becomes leader of the Commonwealth of Britain(Torch of the Protectorate).

**December 1:** Governor-General Dewey announces a study of the NFA.

**1929**

**May 5:** Dewey announces plans to restructure NFA

John Jackson announces plans to restructure KA, splitting it into several entities, in a complex web of relationships, making it difficult to legislate against or even determine which companies were subsidiaries of KA

**May 10:** Dewey dies of a heart attack

**June 17:** USM President Fuentes announces formation of Zwicker Commission to "investigate large corporations in the United States of Mexico, and make suggestions for legislation"

**1930**

NFA decentralized.

**Early 1930s**

CNA Governor-General Douglas Watson establishes National Health Administration

**1933**

Governor-General Watson visits Europe, first sitting Governor-General to leave the CNA, subsequently warns of danger from Germanic Confederation, calls for military expansion

**1934**

Accord signed between Mexico and Germany

John IV of the Angevin Empire is born(*Lord Darcy*).

Dr. John Rabe opens a School and joins the Nazis to do so(*Lilith*).

Visser Four flees to Princeton University in 1934, where he plans to kill Albert Einstein. However, his prior meddling in the timeline prevents Einstein from being at Princeton; additionally, his actions at the Delaware River crossing prevented the United States from being formed, and so the United States is now a British territory with ties to France. The Animorphs also follow him to Princeton, where Tobias regroups with Cassie. There, they come across a racist student, who refers to Cassie as a runaway colored slave and uses a racial slur. Cassie then morphs into a polar bear to "turn white" and threatens him, before Rachel, Marco and Ax show up. Tobias is surprised that Rachel is alive and kisses her, while Ax theorizes that since the deal was that **one** of them had to die, the Ellimist most likely stipulated that *only* one could die, thereby making the other Animorphs immortal for the rest of their journey through time(*Megamorphs #3: Elfangor's Secret)*

**1935**

**January 10:** CNA Councilman Bruce Hogg introduces impeachment proposal against Watson.

**Prior to 1936**

Lady Mary de Beaufort is born, later Dowager Duchess of Cumberland(*Lord Darcy*).

**1936**

Amendment passed to Britannic Design creating office of Council President

**February 24:** John Jackson moves KA headquarters to Luzon, Philippines

**February 25:** Stock market in New York falls 15% in a single day, London stock exchange closed until 28 February, New York exchange until 1 March

**March 15-17:** NFA branches close, Manitoba first, NC last, economic panic spreads, CNA becomes more isolationist, economic problems spread beyond CNA over the next few months

**1937**

Elections in the Commonwealth to replace Davenport Spry(Neville Chamberlain)(Torch of the Protectorate).

Casimir IX becomes King of Arzotzka(Poland)(*Lord Darcy*)

**Mid:** Peace movements form around the world.

**September 8:** "World conference for Peace" held in Madrid, Spain, organized by Owen Galloway

**September 11:** Riots break out in Madrid amidst conference, Prime Minister Aldo Figueroa expels delegates

**November 5:** Karl Bruning's Deutschland Party victorious in elections; around the same time, the Tories win in Great Britain, returning George Bolingbroke to office.

**1937-1938**

Lillith arrives near Nanjing. She meets John Rabe and George Rosen. She takes on the masked Identity of Sun Wukong to protect people during the Japanese attacks on Nanjing, before finding the Triacanto and moving on(*Lilith*).

**1938**

**February 16:** People's Coalition wins a narrow victory in CNA, Bruce Hogg elected Governor-General, James Billington chosen as Council President

**March:** Alvin Silva re-elected as President of the USM.

**1939**

A young Lieutenant Darcy meets Journeyman sorcerer Sean O'Lochlainn on the fields of Bavaria. Sean helps to spoil a fiendish spell made by a Polish sorcerer, and Darcy unravels a murder mystery(*Lord Darcy*).

**August 5:** Revolution breaks out in Ottoman Empire

**September 10:** Battle of el Khibir

**September 19:** German troops arrive in Arabia

**September 20:** Britain sends troops from Victoria to the Victoria Canal.

**October 1:** Germany declares war on Britain; Britain declares war the next day, over the next few days, other nations join in. C.C. is among those sent to fight(*Code Geass*. Seen as a vague World War I-esque looking conflict but implied to be against Europia United and against German Soldiers).

**November 17:** Paris falls to German troops

**November 27:** France surrenders to Germany.

**December, 25:** Germany captures Alexandria and Victoria Canal

**1940s**

Philip Harrison founds Black Justice Party in USM

**1940**

Kramer Associates, Australia, and Japan form an alliance

**January:** CNA signs defense pact with Iceland, sends weapons which are "stolen".

**July 27:** People's Coalition and Liberals form "Unity government"

**December 1:** Germany makes failed attempt to invade Britain.

**1941**

**Late:** India falls to German troops.

Charles McNider is blinded a State agent which only increases his desire to oppose the state. He forms a resistance. Alan Scott formed an underground radio network. Carter and Shiera Hall smuggled weapons into the country. Rex Tyler manufactured drugs for the clinic. Thanks to the war in Europe the resistance is able to make progress(*Batman: Holy Terror*).

Presumably at this time the Commonwealth captures Arthur Curry(*Batman: Holy Terror*).

**1941-1944**

With the War over, the Commonwealth cracks down on the resistance. All members of McNider's resistance are caught and executed besides himself. Presumably due to his blindness. His wife Myra is killed(*Batman: Holy Terror*)

**1942**

**January 1:** Mexico launches surprise attack against Japan.

**Late:** German troops forced to withdraw from Borneo.

**1944**

Elections suspended in Mexico

Australia leaves United Empire

Duke Richard of Normandy is born(*Lord Darcy*).

**March 12:** Philip Harrison of the Black Justice movement declares "War Against the Rainbows"

**March 22:** President Silva nationalizes KA properties in Mexico

**June:** Desperate to finish his agenda and ditch the Animorphs, the Visser travels to various destinations within seconds, hoping to lose his pursuers. Confident that he has lost them, he travels to Normandy in 1944, intent on warning the Nazi Party about the Allied efforts on D-Day. However, his prior actions have prevented the Nazi party or the Allies from existing, and he is arrested by a German-French team, where Adolf Hitler is but a mere driver. He is arrested and taken away by the German-French troops, but Tobias and Cassie, in Hork-Bajir and wolf morph, launch an attack on the convoy. Upon spotting Hitler, Tobias presses a Hork-Bajir blade against his throat, electing to kill him, while Cassie explains that this Hitler is not the same Hitler from their timeline. The captain fires at Tobias, causing Tobias to jerk his wrist blade reflexively, slitting Hitler's throat and killing him. Cassie and Tobias are then shot, only to have the bullets and wounds disappear due to their newfound immortality. Rachel, Marco and Ax also arrive at this point, with the latter two having experienced the horrors of war on the shores of Normandy. Rachel steals a hand grenade and drops it into one of the tanks, destroying it and killing the German-French squad, while crippling Visser Four(*Megamorphs #3: Elfangor's Secret).*

**Mid:** Fourth invasion attempt of Britain fails, Mexican attack on Japan defeated.

**November:** Uprising in Paris, followed by uprisings in Warsaw, Amsterdam, Brussels; Germany retaliates against uprising brutally, and is forced to withdraw from Pacific and Indo-China.

Japan loses a major war (described in 2010 a.t.b as having taken place 65 years earlier) embracing democracy as a result(*Code Geass*).

**December:** Japanese bomb Honolulu

Victoria Vale acts as a Reporter for Newsbreak(*Batman: Holy Terror*).

French Guiana falls to Commonwealth forces. Europe takes no action. Re-Education camps are opened in the countries by the Commonwealth(*Batman: Holy Terror*).

Commonwealth Forces push further into Brazil with resistance forces ready to concede defeat. General North's crusade battalion march into Buenos Aires. Brazilian dictator Jorge Amado is reported to have committed suicide. This leaves Peru as the sole remaining opposition in South America to the Commonwealth(*Batman: Holy Terror*).

Millionaire and industrialist Oliver Queen was arrested and executed for sedition and covert support for accused Jewish pornographers(author with criticized work) such as Isaac Singer.He was hanged and said to have repented before his death(*Batman: Holy Terror*).

The Commonwealth approves a proposed law making women equal to one vote, the same as non-land holding men while non-whites have their votes raised depending on income but not to exceed 75%. A movement approved by Lord Protector Maleville(*Batman: Holy Terror*).

Bruce Wayne prepares to become a reverend when Inquisitor Gordon reveals the truth of his parent's murder and provides him with his father's journal, revealing his underground activities. His becomes a reverend and looks into the files of Bishop Judson Caspian and finds three members of the privy council which ordered the death of the Waynes. Bruce Wayne dons a costume worn by his father to play a Demon during a passion play. He tracked down Lord High Magistrate Lemuel Brown and interrogates him, leaving his crossdressed outside to discredit him, learning about the Star chamber.

Batman infiltrates the Star Chamber and discovers Jay Garrick trapped inside. He helps him escape and searches for a way to free the various experiments held there, including Arthur Curry, who was forced to mate with a captive Lori Lemaris, creating mutated hybrid abominations. They are attacked by the Commonwealth loyal Witch Sindella which Batman subdued by throwing smoke pellets into her mouth, causing her to suffocate to death. Batman and Flash discover Dr.Saul Erdel. Garrick attacks him but Erdel invented a device to allow Garrick's friction shield to shut off, burning him alive. Batman was then subdued by a transforming experiment Basil Karlo. Erdel revealed the corpse of Kal-El, transformed green from Kryptonite. Batman uses a chemical table to dissolve Karlo. Erdel fires at Batman but his bullets bounce off Kal-El and kill Erdel. Batman then discovers that the Starchamber made concealed decisions, meaning the entire system was at fault for his parent's death, he then vows to bring the Commonwealth down(*Batman: Holy Terror*, here Barry Allen, Zatanna and Matt Hagen have been replaced by Jay Garrick, Cindella, and Basil Carlo due to chronological placement as both debuted later than the 1940's setting this has been moved to).

**1945**

Guerilla movements become active in Mexico

Alan Kilburn becomes leader of Homeland Society, assisting Negroes in returning to Africa

**March:** Japanese bomb San Francisco

**Early 1947:** Mexicans forced out of China, Japanese and Chinese invade Siberia

**1947-1955**

Time of Troubles in Russian states

**1947**

Brunning loses majority in Germany, attempts to suspend the Diet

**August 18:** Brunning arrested

**August 19:** Heinrich von Richter becomes Chancellor of Germany

**1948**

Global War comes to an end in Europe, though no peace treaty signed

December, 1948: Japanese attack Hawaii

Philip Harrison shot, Miguel Calhoun takes his place in Rainbow War

KA takes control of Taiwan

**1955**

The 'Emblem of Blood' era. During this period, assassination and betrayals were frequented among the member of the Imperial Family that coveted the throne. At the same time, Princes V.V. and Charles zi Britannia are born under their mother, who herself is later assassinated. The reason behind this is unknown(*Code Geass*).

**1958**

John IV becomes King/Emperor of the Angevin Empire, after the death of Charles III(*Code Geass*).

**1959**

Lady Irene Eagleson is born (*Code Geass*).

**1963**

Detective Lord Darcy is called upon to investigate the apparent murder of Count D'Evreux, who was found shot in his bedroom. A gun is found hidden nearby, and Darcy's assistant, sorcerer Sean O'Lochlainn, determines by magic that it was used to kill the Count. Further investigation reveals that the late Count had had frequent liaisons with young women of the area, whom he would invite to visit via a hidden entrance, making it difficult to discover who might have visited on the night he died.

Laird and Lady Duncan are visiting the area from Scotland. Lady Duncan has previously had an affair with the Count, and visited him before his death. The gun appears to belong to her. Her husband is found to have been practicing unlicensed sorcery so, although the actual killing did not appear to have involved magic, both are suspected.

Darcy and O'Lochlainn decide to try using optography to extract an image of the killer from the dead Count's eyes. It is explained that such an image can be extracted in certain rare circumstances, but the images are unreliable and cannot be used in court. The process provides a clear image of an unusually beautiful woman in the act of shooting a gun at the Count, but her face is not recognized.

Lord Darcy interviews the Count's sister, who stands to inherit his position. She tries to tell him something about the case but Darcy stops her and lays out the evidence he has collected. On the night of his death, the Count had a heated argument with Lady Duncan in which she pulled out a gun and he threw her out of the room, leaving the gun on a table. Laird Duncan, misunderstanding the situation, tried to kill the Count by sorcery but found he was already dead. The killer was the unknown woman in the picture, who Darcy says will be found.

Privately, Darcy tells his employer, Duke Richard of Normandy, that he has in fact identified the killer. The Count had had an obsessive attraction to his own sister for years, but had kept it secret. After the argument with Lady Duncan he invited his sister to his suite and assaulted her, and she shot him in self-defense with the gun. The picture that had been extracted from the Count's eyes did not match the Countess' appearance because it had been based on his internal, idealized image of her. Such pictures are always affected by the victim's mind, which is why they are inadmissible in court.

These details are kept secret to protect the family's reputation. The Duke comments that the way the Countess defended herself and then hid her involvement shows her judgement and ability to act under pressure, which will aid her in her new role(*Lord Darcy*).

**1964**

**January:** In the harbor of Cherbourg, a local man stumbles upon a patrol of armsmen and drops dead right in front of them. Soon after, Lord Darcy is sent to the city to investigate the disappearance of the Marquis of Cherbourg. Lord Seiger is revealed to be controlled by Sir James le Lein. He had a rare disorder of the soul, or mental illness, that made him a psychopathic killer. His homicidal urges were controlled b a ''Geas'', applied by Charles, Archbishop of York*(Lord Darcy*).

**May:** As the Duke of Kent dies, the beautiful coffin prepared for the occasion is to be taken to his castle. However, it is found to already contain a body, namely that of Lord Camberton, the Duke's chief investigator. He has been murdered, and his body covered completely in blue paint.

Lord Darcy and Master Sean are sent to Kent to investigate the possible involvement of the mysterious Society of Albion(*Lord Darcy*).

**1965**

Starch Kola, the world's oldest megacorporation, is elected President of the UAS and replaces local police forces with the privatized Starch Kola Enforcers(*Shadows of Doubt*).

**1966**

**October:** Lord Darcy has to solve a mysterious murder case at a sorcerers' convention, in which his loyal companion, Master Sean, is the prime suspect(*Lord Darcy*).

**1972**

**October:** Lord Darcy solves another case(*Lord Darcy, A Stretch of the Imagination*).

**1973**

Captain Augustine Washington, is a direct descendant of George Washington, and labors in his 'traitorous' shadow. Captain Washington and Sir Isambard Brassey-Brunel (descendant of Isambard Kingdom Brunel) get together to link the heart of the British Empire with its far-flung Atlantic colony in North America, although they fall out over Augustine's wooing of Isambard's young daughter, Iris, and as a result of disputes over engineering techniques. However, after a number of adventures the two are reconciled on Sir Isambard's deathbed, and the lovers later marry. After the completion of the tunnel, the American colonies are granted their independence.

Detective Richard Tracy also makes an appearance, as do 'Lord' Amis and 'Reverend' Aldiss. An appearance in connection with a suborbital rocket is also made by an expert (who prefers a mechanical Babbage machine for computing to the electronic kind) named Arthur C. Clarke.(*Tunnel through the Deeps*).

**1974**

**April:** Lord Darcy solves another case(*Lord Darcy, A Matter of Gravity*).

**197?**

**October:** Master Sean O'Lochlainn, the Irish forensic sorcerer, visits Paris - in this history, a sleepy provincial city which ceased to be a capital many centuries ago - on a mission to collect evidence for an impending court case. While he takes a break in a hotel bar, a man in a booth is found to have mysteriously died. The police soon arrive, in the shape of bumbling but tenacious Sergeant Cougair Chasseur, for whom Sean casts a preservation spell over the deceased's body until a post mortem can be conducted. But Sean is flabbergasted to be named as a possible murder suspect by Chasseur, who distrusts magic and follows the theory of 'least likely suspect'.

Sean is eventually exonerated and able to investigate the circumstances of the death of the man, identified as a retired officer of the Imperial Legion, formerly stationed in Mechicoe (Mexico). He discovers that the deceased has been poisoned whilst drinking *Popacotapetl*, a very sweet liqueur made in Mechicoe, which has been laced with a bitter poison made from coyotl weed. However, he had been treated with a spell by a Healer, after which all drugs – including the one he is taking for malaria – taste sweet to him.

Eventually, the victim's wife, a much younger woman of Mechicain descent and who is conducting an illicit affair with a liqueur merchant, is unmasked.(*Lord Darcy, A Matter of Gravity*).

**197?**

**June:** Lord Darcy solves another case(*Lord Darcy, The Ipswich Phial*).

**197?**

**May:** Lord Darcy solves another case(*Lord Darcy, The Sixteen Keys, The Napoli Express*).

**1979**

Due to hyper-industrialization, radioactive fallout from the Mustard War, and rising sea levels caused by global warming, most people live and work in cramped, smog-shrouded cities isolated by the toxic water. Every UAS citizen dreams of attaining the lofty social credit score necessary to retire to The Fields, an exclusive district purportedly located in one of the last unsullied regions(*Shadows of Doubt*).

**1983-1984**

**September 1983 - August 1984:** 1st Prince Odysseus eu Britannia is born(*Code Geass*).

**1985**

**March:** In New England (a term which in this history includes the whole of our North America) an Azteque Prince is found dead on a stone altar.

Lord Darcy and Sean O Lochlainn are sent across the Atlantic to investigate. Darcy must identify the killer and determine whether the Azteques are returning to human sacrifice. Perhaps an attempt is being made by the rival Polish Empire to upset the balance of power between the Angevin Empire and the Azteques?(*Lord Darcy, A Study in Sorcery*).

**1985-1986**

**September 1985 - August 1986:** 1st Princess Guinevere de Britannia is born(*Code Geass*).

**1986-1987**

Oliver North serves as a general of the Commonwealth(*Based on Batman: Holy Terror*).

**1988**

**April:** Someone is killing wizards, and doing so apparently without the use of magic. Lord Darcy is sent to investigate. He must uncover the murderer and ascertain whether the whole business is a ploy to kill the king himself.

To complicate matters Darcy must investigate during the preparations for the investiture of Gwiliam, Duke of Lancaster (King John IV's younger son), as Prince of Gaul. To add international tension, the Crown Prince of Poland, His Majesty the King of Courland (Latvia), will attend the ceremony. (In this timeline, Poland is a great empire ruling most of Eastern Europe, and there is an ongoing cold war between it and Darcy's Anglo-French Empire)(*Lord Darcy, Ten Little Wizards*).

**1990**

2nd Prince Schneizel el Britannia is born(*Code Geass*).

2nd Princess Cornelia li Britannia is born(*Code Geass*).

**1993**

3rd Prince Clovis la Britannia is born(*Code Geass).*

**1998**

The 97th Emperor of Britannia is overthrown, and Charles zi Britannia ascends to the Britannian throne. Charles also marries Marianne vi Britannia. With V.V. they plan to build a weapon to destroy the Gods(*Code Geass*).

**1999**

Leila Malcal is born(*Code Geass*).

11th Prince Lelouch vi Britannia is born(*Code Geass*).

An actor named John Berryman discovers the Time Matrix buried at the Abandoned Construction Site. Some time after that, he is infested by the Yeerk formerly known as Visser Four, who had been demoted for failing to conquer Leera for the Yeerk Empire. Once in possession of Berryman's body, the Yeerk discovers that his host body was in possession of the Time Matrix and uses it to rewrite Earth's history in order to facilitate his conquest and become the new Visser One.

Using the Time Matrix, Visser Four creates a timeline in which modern day Earth still practices slavery, with Cassie being a radical slave-owner who opposes war, Tobias dating Melissa, who takes Rachel's place in the group since Rachel was sent to a camp to reeducate and remold her into a submissive woman as she was deemed too bold and aggressive for a female; Jake becomes a Patriot of the Empire with Neo-Nazi tendencies, hellbent on being referred to as "Supreme Leader" while Marco is a friendless cynic whose mother is still alive and lives with him. The Drode interferes, restoring their original timeline personalities and replacing Melissa with Rachel, offering them the chance to pursue Visser Four, retrieve the Time Matrix and undo the damage, albeit at the cost of one of their lives. He reveals that Visser Four having the Time Matrix is technically their fault, since their actions are what led to the Yeerks' failure to gain control over the Leeran continent, which in turn led to him gaining Berryman as a host. Marco and Cassie are reluctant since they know that the life Crayak would take as payment would be Jake's, since Crayak holds Jake responsible for the destruction of the Howlers and the survival of the Iskoort race(*Megamorphs #3: Elfangor's Secret*).

**2000**

Akito Hyuga is born(*Code Geass*).

Suzaku Kururugi, son of Japanese Prime Minister Genbu Kururugi and future Knight of Seven, Knight of Zero, and second Zero, is born(*Code Geass*).

3rd Princess Euphemia li Britannia is born(*Code Geass*).

**London:** Bartimaeus is summoned by Nathaniel for the first time. He is sent off to steal The Amulet of Samarkand. Martin attacks the Houses of Parliament with an Elemental Sphere, then commits suicide in the River Thames. Arthur Underwood and Martha Underwood are killed Simon Lovelace stages a failed coup at Heddleham Hall in which he summons Ramuthra in an attempt to kill the higher members of the British government. He, Maurice Schyler and Amanda Cathcart all die, while Nathaniel is commended for his foiling of the plan. Tensions with the American colonies rise during this period and end in war. Britain’s resources are soon stretched.

**2002**

5th Princess Carine ne Britannia is born(*Code Geass*).

Rolo Lamperouge, Nunnally's replacement is born(*Code Geass*).

**London:** Bartimaeus is again summoned by Nathaniel, now known as John Mandrake. Together they travel to Prague. Kitty Jones and the London Resistance disturb Gladstone’s tomb. Reappearance of Honorius the Afrit. Frederick Weaver is killed by Honorius. Henry Duvall kills himself after his arrest.

**2003**

Princess Nunnally vi Britannia is born(*Code Geass*).

Shin Hyuga Shaing kills all his family members. Akito Hyuga is the only member who survives(*Code Geass*).

**2003-2004**

Rupert Devereaux becomes increasingly paranoid after two failed attempts to overthrow him, afraid, aggressive and unwilling to address the British Empire's problems. War in America continues, while unrest spreads across the British Empire. Rebellions and riots break out across Europe. During this period Bart works almost continuously for John Mandrake.

**2005**

**London:** Quentin Makepeace, Clem Hopkins and the upper echelons of the government they capture, including Rupert Devereaux dies after Makepeace's plan to take over the government as a powerful human-spirit hybrid with the government under his control fails. The demons inhabit each of the magicians' bodies thanks to Makepeace's unorthodox summoning method, but the powerful demons crush the minds of the bodies they inhabit, including Makepeace's wreaking havok amongst London, bringing about a shortlived spirirt rebellion headed by Nouda. Jane Farrar rallies wolves against the hybrids, and goes missing after, presumably dying in a last act of defiance. Jessica Whitwell fights Nouda with her djinni, Shubit, but is killed after a barrage of attacks from Nouda. The Magicians’ Government falls. John Mandrake tragically dies, proving himself a great magician, by not only saving Bartimaeus' life, but stopping Nouda and his rampant forces. Bartimaeus is finally dismissed. The New Interim Council meets for first time and announces British withdrawal from America.

**2009**

**Spring:** Marianne vi Britannia was killed by V.V. Her children, Lelouch vi Britannia and Nunnally vi Britannia, were sent to Japan as political hostages. The public was told they were studying abroad. Britannia's Viceroy Government officially proposed a reform on a technological agreement concerning the bioelectronics field. Japanese officials agreed that it was a move to sanction Japan. Prime Minister Kururugi immediately released a statement of opposition and also stated that he was considering presenting this case to an international court. International human rights group NAR issued a statement condemning the policies the Holy Britannian Empire imposed on Numbers. The empire ignored the statement, to the criticism of many around the world. Britannian military forces conducted an air strike on Hanoi, the capital of Sarkhan, claiming they were performing limited attacks on guerilla military bases. According to a Japanese military official, based on the scar on the landscape, no effort was made to reduce collateral damage against ordinary citizens. Britannia's Foreign Ministry claimed Japan was supporting terrorist activities such as a bombing in Manila, capital of the Philippines. Britannia's fleet passed through the territorial limit of Ishigaki Island and a patrol craft fired warning shots at a Japanese fishing boat off the coast of Alaska and preformed a forced search on suspicion of drug smuggling.

**Summer:** Japan took advantage of hostilities between the Chinese Federation and Britannia to maintain its own neutrality. By manipulating the distribution of sakuradite, Japan created a three-way standoff between the Chinese Federation, the EU, and Britannia. For a time, it enjoyed economic prosperity. After the Indochinese Peninsula was conquered by Britannia and named Area 10, Japan, which was originally neutral, decided to align its policy with Chinese Federation and E.U.'s politics and apply economic pressure upon Britannia -- an event referred to as the *Oriental Incident*. Both the Chinese Federation, the E.U. and their allies blockaded the ports of Britannia and apply economic sanctions in an effort to come to negotiations. Britannia reacted *in extremis,*both sides expanded military and information gathering.

**2010**

The common assumption around the world in international relations at the time is that attacking Japan would spark a full-scale global war among all three superpowers. Charles zi Britannia blindsided the other factions by sending all Knights of the Round to Africa and India, and deploying his flagship, the Great Britannia, to the Indian Ocean. While all eyes turned away from the Pacific. The Second Pacific War erupted, the war was all but decided within 24 hours, and by the time the Chinese Federation and the EU realized what had happened, it was too late. Japan was conquered in one month by Britannia. The end of the war signified Japan as a formal colony of Britannia, renamed Area 11 and its citizens "Elevens."

**2012**

Tianzi and Xingke exchange a pledge of permanent harmony(*Code Geass*).

**2017( a.t.b. / Revolutionary Calendar, year 228)**

**August:** Viceroy and Third Prince Clovis la Britannia were killed by the revolutionary Zero. Second Princess Cornelia li Britannia was appointed Viceroy of Area 11, naming Third Princess Euphemia li Britannia as sub-viceroy. Cornelia immediately began her campaign to bring Zero to justice. Zero formed the Order of the Black Knights. Its membership expanded with each victory. All attempts to destroy the Black Knights ended in failure.

**September:** Using her power, Euphemia li Britannia tried to create a Special Administrative Zone of Japan. It was "revealed" to be a plot to massacre the Elevens, and she was killed by Zero. The Black Rebellion broke out in the aftermath of the failed attempt to create the Special Administrative Zone. The Black Knights ignited riots across the country as they continued to push towards the Area 11 Viceroy Palace. The rebellion is eventually pushed back and crushed, with most of the Black Knights killed or captured. Area 11 was demoted to a correctional sub-area. Second Princess Cornelia li Britannia went missing during the Black Rebellion. Her position as Viceroy of Area 11 was taken by Duke Calares.

**2017-2018(a.t.b / Revolutionary Year 228-229)**

Inspired by Zero, rebellion spread across the empire. Glinda Knights and the Knights of The Round were dispatched to certain Areas to maintain control. E.U. Army's 132nd Regiment encircled at Narva on the way to liberate Sankt Petersburg from Euro Britannia. W-0 Unit successfully broke encirclement at the cost of all pilots lives exceptAkito Hyuga. Shin Hyuga Shaing murdered Michele Manfredi and was accepted as the next Grand Master of the Holy Order of Michael. W-0 and the Holy Order of Michael clashed in Slonim, Emperor Charles sent Julius Kingsley and Suzaku Kururugi to take command of all Eurasia operations. Julius Kingsley enacted the ARC Fleet plan to incite mass chaos in Europe while Euro Britannia invaded. Grand Duke Augusta Henry Velaines refused, citing mass casualties among civilians. Kingsley had Velaines arrested for questioning his orders. Shin Hyuga Shaing undertook a coup d'etat of Euro Britannia. Julius Kingsley and Suzaku Kururugi were jailed, Grand Masters Gaudefroy du Villon and Raymond du Saint-Gilles were beheaded, and Euro Britannia granted Shin emergency powers in order to combat the E.U and Britannia. Julius Kingsley and Suzaku Kururugi are released by Geass Order agents led by Rolo.

**2018(a.t.b./ Revolution Year 229)**

**May:** The remaining members of the Black Knights incite riots in Babel Tower which killed Calares. Within the Chinese Federation Consulate of Area 11, Zero reappeared and redeclared the United States of Japan. Europia United was losing to Britannia leading to more colonization of its countries to areas The former Knight of Princess Cornelia, Gilbert G. P. Guilford, declared himself as new Viceroy. He then announced to execute Black Knights' members, although it failed thanks to Zero's strategy. Princess Nunnally vi Britannia became Viceroy of Area 11, and attempted to reestablish the Special Administration Zone of Japan. Zero gave his support on the condition that he be exiled. Zero, along with over a million of his supporters dressed like him, were exiled from Area 11 and seeked asylum on Penglai Island located within the political borders of the Chinese Federation. Because all of Zero's supporters were the participants in the zone, the attempt ended in failure. Li Xingke and Zero disrupted the arranged political wedding between First Prince Odysseus eu Britannia and Empress Tianzi of the Chinese Federation. The High Eunuchs were summarily executed for lèse majesté against the Empress. An alliance between the Black Knights and the Chinese Federation was forged.

**June:** After the fragmentation of the Chinese Federation, Second Prince Schneizel el Britannia prepared to annex many of its territories through a combination of diplomatic means, which resulted in failure. Europia United was still highly conquered, Ratification of United Federation of Nations was completed, with the Order of the Black Knights to serve as its chief military branch. Its first resolution was to take action against the occupying Britannian forces in Japan, which lead to a declaration of war between the U.F.N. and the Holy Britannian Empire. The U.F.N. initiated the Second Battle of Tokyo to reclaim Area 11. The first use of F.L.E.I.J.A. by the Britannians resulted in massive damages to the concession area of the Tokyo Settlement. Zero was reported to be killed during the Second Battle of Tokyo. However, there were rumors that this was falsified information for reasons unknown. In light of the alleged death of Zero, a truce was negotiated between U.F.N. and Britannia, with a peace treaty being drafted. The treaty results in the neutrality of Japan. A coup d'etat was enacted by Second Prince Schneizel and the Knight of Seven, Suzaku Kururugi. Meanwhile, Lelouch vi Britannia instigated his own rebellion, forcing his followers to his will with the power of Geass. 98th Emperor, Charles zi Britannia was killed by Lelouch, the former 11th Prince.

**July:** One month after the Second Battle of Tokyo, Lelouch vi Britannia coronated himself as the 99th Emperor of the Holy Britannian Empire and appointed the title of "Knight of Zero" to Suzaku Kururugi (heretofore the Knight of Seven). With his ascension came many changes in Britannian policies, including the destruction of the Imperial Mausoleum and the abolishment of privileges to nobles. This lead to many attempts of rebellion (one of which was led by the Knight of One, Bismarck Waldstein), each of them futile against the "Emperor of Justice". Britannia attempted to join the U.F.N., and negotiations took place in Japan, now a neutral zone. However, the leaders of the U.F.N. and the Black Knights attempted to convince Emperor Lelouch to lower Britannia's voting rights as a balance for the U.F.N.. The attempt failed, and in response Britannia launched an invasion against Japan, capturing the leadership of the U.F.N. A F.L.E.I.J.A. bomb was dropped on the Britannian capital of Pendragon from the Aerial Fortress Damocles, created by the Toromo institute, by Former 2nd Prince Schneizel resulting in the complete decimation of the capital. The battle of Mount Fuji began. Both sides suffered heavy losses, but eventually Emperor Lelouch was able to take control of Damocles and ended the battle, as well as the war between Britannia and the U.F.N., with a display of power from the Damocles.

**September:** Two months after the battle, using U.F.N. as political tool for forcing E.U. to radicate, Emperor Lelouch vi Britannia declared himself world leader. During a supervision of executions of the Black Knights and U.F.N. leaders, Suzaku Kururugi masqueraded as Zero and assassinated Lelouch to complete the Zero Requiem. Nunnally vi Britannia succeeded her elder brother as the 100th Empress of Britannia and began to work in cooperation with the U.F.N. to achieve peace.

**2020**

Nunally vi Britannia is abducted by the sibling rulers Shalio and Shamna of the Kingdom of Zilkhistan, due to the world peace crippling their mercenary based economy. C.C. successfully briefly revives Lelouch to rescue her before he departs to C.C.'s world, taking the name L.L. and begins to govern who is worthy or the power of the Geass(*Code Geass Lelouch of the re;surrection*).

The Britannian Empire would continue to exist well into the year 3000.

Ultimately the American Revolution is considered to have been crushed that same year, though it continued underground without an outright declaration of war. Further victories were also ensured by the British obtaining an armored suit they would name "Iron Jack". These factors resulted in a truce between George Washington and King George III. This event was commemorated in a Gainsborough painting dubbed the Two Georges. The painting itself became a symbol of national unity. Fighting would resume and claim the lives of both Saunders (who had become a peace loving hippie) and George Washington(How the latter died is a common historical misconception as it was falsely reported that he was killed in the battle of Doylestown, by firing squad, or suffocated to death by a member of the Farnsworth family, resulting in that family living in luxury granted by the British crown). He was actually hanged (though given Washington was allegedly an automaton, all of these could be true, its simply that each failed to kill him. He had even been brought forward in time accidentally before being sent back to his own time to restore history). Despite the death of Washington, the resistance would find a new leader in the young Creighton Brown.

The death of George Washington marked a severe blow to the American movement for Independence.In 1780, seeking to prevent further rebellion, the British Parliament passed the Britannic Design, a bill that reorganized the North American colonies into the partially self-governing Confederation of North America (CNA). However, many former rebels refused to submit to British rule, and an exodus of pro-independence colonists to the Texas region of colonial Mexico took place. The ex-Patriots in Texas organized themselves as the State of Jefferson, after the deceased author of the Declaration of Independence.

Despite the American Revolution being defeated, various other revolutions took place including in France. The only country in which revolution did not occur was the British Isles, under the rule of King Henry X, who continued to hold absolute monarchy. The battered nations formed Europa United. The French Revolution was ended due to the actions of Napoleon Bonaparte who emerged as the commander of the armies of France. A war between Britain and France followed in 1795 and the now unified Spain was drawn into the conflict on the side of the french(resulting in the formation of the Spanish-Franco Union, as a symbol of the two nations who largely formed the bulk of the EU). Both Jefferson and the CNA used the situation as a pretext to invade Spanish territory, and the CNA absorbed both the Florida and Louisiana territories while the Jeffersonians expanded to the northern banks of the Rio Grande.

Napoleon won the Battle of Trafalgar, defeating Horatio Hornblower, invading Great Britain, and occupying London in 1805. The British Isles were conquered and became a part of the E.U. In 1807 a.t.b., Queen Gloriana III retreated to Edinburgh, where a revolutionary militia arrested her and forced her to abdicate, ending the monarchy. This event became known as *The Humiliation of Edinburgh*. However, Sir Ricardo von Britannia, Duke of Britannia, and his friend and subordinate, Sir Richard Hector, Knight of One, brought Gloriana III and her followers to the New World and established a capital on the east coast of North America. The British Isles was now under control of the EU and a new false government established. This government cemented its powers by performing demonic rituals to bind Supernatural elements such as demons to their service.

Mexico gained its independence in 1805 and immediately descended into chaos and civil war. The Jeffersonians eventually became involved, and a Jeffersonian army under Simon Suggs captured Mexico City in 1817. By 1819, Suggs managed to engineer the merger of Jefferson and Mexico as the United States of Mexico (USM), and in 1821, he won election as the new country's first president.

The remaining leaders of the Revolution were either dead or in exile by 1809. Several smaller Nations emerged, with New England becoming Republican England, while a large portion of the Eastern Seaboard (where the real-world Carolinas, Georgia, *etc.* are) known as the “Crown Colonies” or the "Crown Empire" was founded by the House of Stuart in exile. New York returned to its old name of New Amsterdam. Native Americans fared much better with tribes such as the Iroquois and the Cherokee managing to keep much of their land and have autonomy, their status comparable to that of the Princely States in British India.

In the 1810's within the Colonies there was still talk of Revolution from the likes of Peleg Peshell. By this time a Magical School had rose to prominence following the public reveal of its existence, King George's (renamed from Ilvermorny as the stronger magical presence within the Colonies and a threatening statement made in seeming support of the American Revolution prior to the Revolution forced to Wizarding School and Magical Community in the Colonies to reassert its loyalty, including the renaming of Ilvermorny into King George's).

In 1813 a.t.b, Gloriana III nominated her lover, Sir Ricardo von Britannia, as her successor upon her death. She ended her reign for being "the Queen who loved throughout her stormy life". The Britannian calendar, *Ascension Throne Britannia* (a.t.b.), was established, with the origin year set to the ascendancy of the first Celtic king, though the calendar's months and days were adopted from the Gregorian Calendar. In France, revolutionaries stopped Napoleon Bonaparte's reign as emperor, killing the hero of the revolution via guillotine and therefore saving the revolutionary republic from becoming what it had been fighting against. Under the leadership of Simon Suggs, the state of Jefferson would unify with the Republic of Mexico, forming the United States of Mexico in 1820. It would go onto become a bitter rival to the Confederation of North America, which was usurped by the British Empire.

Britain's North American colonies were given dominion status in the 1830s. In the CNA, industrialization took root in the newly renamed Northern Confederation, a union of the New England and mid-Atlantic colonies, and the invention of the cotton gin brought prosperity and widespread slavery to the Southern Confederation. The rapid industrial development, however, fostered resentment between rich industrialists and the working classes. The abolition of slavery in the British Empire in 1833 included slaves in North America and this was a cause of a financial crash in 1835 which lead to a series of social upheavals. The CNA eventually won approval from London for a second "Britannic Design" to transform itself from a loose conglomeration of states to a unified nation with a governor-general, a central executive office of which General John A.B.C. Smith was the first holder. As part of the deal, Smith requested that George Washington be retroactively declared the first Governor General, which was reluctantly accepted, John Burgoyne was also made into a Governor General reluctantly.

After clashing with each other in the Rocky Mountain War (1845–1855), the CNA and USM went their separate ways. The CNA became increasingly isolationist, and though it was a prosperous industrialized nation, it suffered recurring bouts of internal civil strife. Meanwhile, its parliamentary democracy stabilized into a two-party system: initially a pro-industrialist Liberal Party popular among the high and middle classes and a rural populist Conservative Party, but the latter was eventually displaced by a social democratic "People's Coalition." Multicultural diversity occurred by the immigrant exodus from the ongoing turmoil in 19th-century Europe, and one confederation, South Vandalia, became majority African American after ex-slaves moved there. The emancipated blacks prospered, gained education and experienced a rapid upward social mobility, by the twentieth century, becoming a mainly middle class community. Another group that prospered was the Mormon Faith following the Defeat of the villainous Unmaker by Alvin Miller. Conversely, the Irish North Americans remained a predominantly poor, working class population, subsisting on hard physical labor such as the coal mining on which the North American Union depended for its energy. This created a feeling of bitter jealousy among the Irish, and many of them came to support the Sons of Liberty, a terrorist organization that wants to see America become independent from the British Empire and promoted a blatantly racist, anti-black, Hispanophobic and xenophobic ideology. By the mid 1850's, the British empire had ended almost all other resistance in the colonies using biologically engineered warbeasts, reanimated corpse-soldiers, and industrially manufactured plagues and poisons, Despite these measure the Sons of Liberty continued to survive.

In addition to the Mexican War, the mid-nineteenth century saw Britain and the North American Union conquer a large portion of Nueva España (also including the Baja California peninsula) from the Holy Alliance. The city of Los Santos was renamed New Liverpool and developed into one of the largest cities of the North American Union and the Province of Upper California

By 1853, Britannia finished stabilizing its country and began looking for foreign opportunities, especially in the Pacific. Commodore Chandler Bing crossed the Pacific with four black ships with outer rings that were operated with electric motors. They discovered Japan, who had an isolationist policy. Japan realized that they'd fallen behind the rest of the world.

By the 1860's, Britannia entered a succession crisis after the death of Emperor Aurelien. The presumed successor and First Prince Basilio was murdered by former noble Ganelon, who framed the Weinberg family. The Knight of One, Christoph Chamberlain, went missing at around this time, causing the Knights of the Round established by King Arthur(who had continued to survive) to scatter. Two prominent factions arose, the Legitimate faction led by the House of El (Based upon and founded by the Alien Kalel, who crashed in England and aided the British Empire in subduing the Colonists) and the Purist faction, led by Lorenzo il Soresi.

Claire li Britannia was retrieved and escorted back from Japan by Alto Weinberg, Renya, and their friends. Claire, in place of Prince Basilio's five-year-old son, was backed by the Legitimate faction. Lorenzo was placed under Geass by Shiori to prioritize loyalty to the royal family rather than fulfilling his ambitions. Claire li Britannia became empress. At this time, Russia refused an offer to sell Alaska to the British.

In the Late 19th Century or Early 20th Century, A war featuring biplanes, tanks, and trenches was fought in the E.U. against German soldiers (Analogous to World War I). Several great inventions still occured such as Wiliam Hattison inventing most modern technology. There were also new faces in the CNA and the USM, such as the idealistic automobile mogul Owen Galloway, the histrionic liberal governor Richard Mason, and the nepotistic narcissist Benito Hermíon,

The USM gave rise to a monopolistic corporation, Kramer Associates, under Corrupt Corporate Executive Bernard Kramer and entered into a period of imperialistic expansion and dictatorship in the late 19th century that saw it conquer Central America, part of South America, Alaska, and Alola and ultimately created a puppet state in Siberia that destabilized the Russian Empire into collapsing. A clash between the Mexican government and Kramer Associates in the 1920s and 1930s resulted in the latter relocating to the Philippines in 1936.

A "Global War" broke out in 1939 pitting the British, French, and Japanese against the Germans and Mexicans, with the CNA remaining neutral. In 1944, Japan lost the Global War(described in 2010 a.t.b as having taken place 65 years earlier) embracing democracy as a result, despite this they were able to take large amounts of territory. The war died down, without officially ending, in 1948, with the Germans in control of a good size of Europe and the Middle East, the Japanese weakened but in control of China, Siberia, and the western Pacific; Kramer Associates relocated to Taiwan; and the USM suffering a social breakdown and renewed dictatorship. The CNA, wrecked with collective guilt for avoiding the bloodshed and profiting from it, embarked on a quixotic foreign aid plan.

The year 1955, was dubbed the 'Emblem of Blood' era. During this period, assassination and betrayals were frequented among the member of the Britannian Imperial Family that coveted the throne. At the same time, Princes V.V. and Charles zi Britannia were born under their mother, who herself was later assassinated.

Claiming peace as their goal, Kramer Associates detonated an atomic bomb in June 1962, which plunged the world into a nuclear arms race. The British detonated their own bomb in 1964, followed by the Germans in 1965 and the CNA in 1966. The bomb sharply polarized the CNA, leading to internal strife between internationalists and peace factions. The leadership of the USM, unable to develop a bomb on their own accord, became aggressive and paranoid, increasing world tensions. In 1971, global armament talks broke down, and a USM spy ring was discovered in the CNA. This led to the CNA finally absorbing the USM, Russia regaining Alaska after having it previously been taken by force.

In 1973, Captain Augustine Washington, a direct descendant of George Washington, who labored in his 'traitorous' shadow, and Sir Isambard Brassey-Brunel (descendant of Isambard Kingdom Brunel) got together to link the heart of the British Empire with its far-flung Atlantic colony in North America with a transcontinental railway.

In 1995 (Following an encounter with demensional travellers that convinced King Harold I to step down in favor of attempting to move towards democratizing the UK even more, after it had become a complete Monarchy) *The Two Georges*, being displayed in New Liverpool, was stolen while a crowd was distracted by the murder of 'Honest' Dick (a.k.a. 'Tricky' Dick), the Steamer King, AKA Richard Monkton, a nationally-known used car salesman. In its place was left a gramophone with a recording of the "Yankee Doodle," a notorious subversive song serving as the anthem of the Sons of Liberty.

Colonel Thomas Bushell of the Royal American Mounted Police lead the search for the painting, accompanied by its former curator Dr. Kathleen Flannery and Captain Samuel Stanley. Some days later, a ransom note was received from the Sons of Liberty. The Governor-General of the North American Union, Sr John Calvin Sykes Jr, informed Bushell in confidence that the painting must be recovered before King-Emperor Charles III's state visit, or the government would have to pay the Sons' ransom demand of fifty million pounds. The search took Bushell, Flannery, and Stanley across the country via airship (an advanced form of dirigible), train, and steamer. They also meet many members of the Sons of Liberty, including *Common Sense* editor James T.Cassidy.

After chasing many false leads and wrong suspects, Bushell and his associates arrived at Victoria (the nation's capital, on the south side of the Potomac River across from Georgestown, Maryland), and found *The Two Georges* an hour before the King arrived. They also uncovered the true culprits: the Holy Alliance and Bushell's superior officer and covert fanatic Sons of Liberty sympathizer, Lieutenant General Horace Bragg, whose family had formerly owned slaves. Bushnell then thwarted Bragg's attempt to assassinate the King, first by gunfire then by a bomb concealed in the frame of *The Two Georges*. When Bragg was arrested and awaiting trial, he and Bushell argued over the outcomes of a potential war against the Holy Alliance and a resultant American separatist uprising caused by the theft of the painting. Later, Bushell and Stanley were both knighted by King Charles for their accomplishments.

## **Monarchs**

### **British**

**Britannia Era**

Richard "Lord British" Garriot AKA Alwin I(1386 or 586 AD)

**Angevin Empire Era(Plantagenet Line)**

Richard I "The Lionheart" Plantagenet(1157-1219)

Arthur I Plantagenet(1219-????)

Unknown but includes Henry I to V Plantagenet(12??-C.1415)

Henry V Plantagenet(c.1415)

Harold I Plantagenet(c.1420)

Unknown but includes Henry V to VIII Plantagenet(????-15??)

Gloriana I Plantagenet(15??-1603)

Henry IX(1603-????)

King James I(????-????)

King James II(????-1689)

**British Isles**

William(1689-1702)

Anne(1702-1714)

George I(1714-1727)

George II(1727-1743)

William II(1743-1745)

Charles I(1745-1750)

Frederick I(1750-1760)

George III(1760-1799)

Henry X(1799-1807)

Gloriania III(1807-1813)

**British Prime Minister**

Robert Walpole(1721-1742)

Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington(1742-1743)

Henry Pelham(1743-1751)

William Pulteney(1751-1758)

William Pitt(1758-1766)

Charles Watson-Wentworth, the Marquess of Rockingham(1766-1782)

Duke of Portland(1782-1796)

Charles Watson-Wentworth, the Marquess of Rockingham(1796-1799)

Charles James Fox(1800-)

### **French**

Phillip II(????-1215)

Angevin Empire rule(1215-1689)

King James I (1689-1701)

Louis VIII (1701-1715)

Louis IX (1715-????)

Louis X(????-1752)

Louis XI(1752-1793)

Louis XII(1793-1795)

Louis XIII(1795-1814)

### **Spanish**

Phillip V(1724-1746)

Ferdinand VI(1746-1761)

Charles III(1761-1787)(*For Want of a Nail*).

Charles IV(1787-1799)(*For Want of a Nail*).

Ferdinand VII(1799-1801)- The Hohenzollern Dynasty(*For Want of a Nail*).

1801-1807: **Civil war** - claimants Philip VI(Philip VII in *Look to the West*), Charles V (the Prince of Asturias, Charles IV in *Look to the West*) and Charles V (Charles IV in *Look to the West*, Charles VIII and VI of Naples and Sicily)

### **North American Lord President**

1788-1795: George Augustine Washington, 1st Viscount Washington (crossbencher)

1795-1799: Alexander Hamilton, 1st Baron Hamilton (Patriot) (1st term)

1799-1805: Benjamin Martin (Constitutionalist)

1805-1811: Alexander Hamilton, 1st Baron Hamilton (Patriot) (2nd term)

## **Alternate Placenames**

Mexico/Mechicoe

San Francisco/ Kiri-Wan("Bay of the fog" in Japanese) later Tokyo.

Upper Parador(Bolivia)

La Pérouse's Land(Australia)

Cabot Archipelago (Galapagos)

Zaliv Pavlovka (the Gulf of Paul)(Walvis Bay)(Look to the West)

Neuva Barcelona/Louisiana(Tales of Alvin Maker)

Mizzippy River(The Tales of Alvin Maker)

Helsingfor/Helsinki(For Want of a Nail)