recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Pray

### Writer(s)

Bebe Rexha, Stefan Johnson, Jordan Johnson, Marcus Lomax, Alexander Izquierdo & Sam Watters

## *I Don't Wanna Grow Up* Chronology

"**Pray**" is the fourth track from Bebe Rexha's debut EP "I Don't Wanna Grow Up".

## Lyrics

**[Verse 1]**

I pray to God that he makes me feel alright

Hope He gets me through this one more night

I pray to God

He's like one too many drinks

And my intuition starts to sink

**[Refrain]**

It's like ba-da-da-da-da-da

Your shadows, they follow, and they're haunting me

Ba-da-da-da-da-da

Where'd you go?

This hollow soul is lonely

**[Pre-Chorus]**

I'm on my knees

Begging pretty please

I'm so love drunk, stupid off these memories

Mother Mary, please, have mercy over me

The sun came up, and I can't believe you're over me

**[Chorus]**

When I'm hung over you, you, you

When I'm hung over you, you, you

**[Verse 2]**

I swear to God that I won't do this again

I've already wasted all my sins

I swear to God

I'm so sick of what you do

But I'll never get enough of you

**[Refrain]**

It's like ba-da-da-da-da-da

Your shadows, they follow, and they're haunting me

Ba-da-da-da-da-da

Where'd you go?

This hollow soul is lonely

**[Pre-Chorus]**

I'm on my knees

Begging pretty please

I'm so love drunk, stupid off these memories

Mother Mary, please, have mercy over me

The sun came up, and I can't believe you're over me

**[Chorus]**

When I'm hung over you, you, you

When I'm hung over you, you, you

**[Refrain]**

I swear to God (I swear to God)

I swear to God (I swear to God)

I swear to God (I swear to God)

I swear to God (I swear to God)

I swear to God (I swear to God)

I swear to God (I swear to God)

I swear to God

**[Breakdown]**

When I'm hung over you, you, you

You, you, you

**[Pre-Chorus]**

I'm on my knees

Begging pretty please

I'm so love drunk, stupid off these memories

Mother Mary, please, have mercy over me

The sun came up, and I can't believe you're over me

**[Chorus]**

When I'm hung over you, you, you

When I'm hung over you, you, you

When I'm hung over...

**[Refrain]**

I swear to God (I swear to God)

I swear to God (I swear to God)

I swear to God (I swear to God)

I swear to God (I swear to God)

I swear to God (I swear to God)

I swear to God (I swear to God)

I swear to God

**[Outro]**

When I'm hungover
Push Back

## Music Video

"**Push Back**" is a 2018 dancehall song by American artists Ne-Yo, Bebe Rexha and English singer and rapper Stefflon Don. The song is included in Ne-Yo's seventh studio album Good Man, which will be released on June 8, 2018.

## Background

Ne-Yo spoke of the song, stating "I love a woman who knows how to move. I love a woman that has her own self, her own heart and mind. She's comfortable with her body. And when her song comes on, she's gonna get up and move. She's gonna show you just how confident and comfortable she is. 'Push Back' is about these women."

## Music video

The music video directed by James Larese was released on April 10, 2018.
Girls

### Composer(s)

Rita Ora, Klenord Raphael, Ali Tamposi, Jonny Coffer, Jordan Thorpe, Belcalis Almanzar, Brian Lee, Andrew Wotman, Benjamin Diehl

## Music Video

"**Girls**" is a song by British singer Rita Ora, featuring American rapper Cardi B, American singer Bebe Rexha and British singer Charli XCX. The song was released as the third single from Ora's upcoming second studio album on 11 May 2018. It was written by Ora, Klenord Raphael, Ali Tamposi, Jonny Coffer, Jordan Thorpe, Belcalis Almanzar, Brian Lee, Watt and Benjamin Diehl, while the production was handled by Ben Billions, Coffer and Watt.

## Composition

"Girls" is a pop song that comprises a hip hop-influenced beat. The lyrics explore themes of sexual attraction and bisexuality. It finds the four performers "entertaining the thought" of getting intimate with other women, as described by XXL.

## Music video

The music video for "Girls" was released on 6 June 2018. It was directed by Helmi.
Universal Pictures

**Universal Pictures** (also known as **Universal Studios** or simply **Universal** and stylized as **UNIVERSAL**) is the oldest American film studio, owned by Comcast through the Universal Filmed Entertainment Group division of its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal and was founded on April 30, 1912 by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane, and Jules Brulatour as the oldest surviving film studio in the United States, the world's fifth oldest after Gaumont, Pathe, Titanus, and Nordisk Film, and the oldest member of Hollywood's "Big Six" studios in terms of the overall film market. Its studios are located in Universal City, California, and its corporate offices are located in New York City, New York.

They are the current distributor for DreamWorks Animation films starting with *How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World**.*

## Divisions

* Universal Pictures Home Entertainment
* Illumination Entertainment
* Focus Features
* Universal Animation Studios

## Subsidiaries

* Gramercy Pictures
* High Top Releasing
* DreamWorks Animation
* Amblin Partners (minority)
* Working Title Films
* NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan
* United International Pictures (50%)
* Rede Telecine
PROSPECTIVA EMPRESARIAL

La prospectiva se ha convertido en una herramienta de competitividad para las empresas, una manera de facilitar la toma de decisiones directivas. En una etapa de cambios permanentes, es clave para el crecimiento conocer hacia dónde se dirige nuestro entorno competitivo (político, social, económico, de consumo, tecnológico…).

En los últimos años, determinadas empresas continuaban siendo reacias a introducir la prospectiva en su día a día por la tradicional tendencia a decidir basándose en la intuición y la experiencia previa. No obstante, cuando se supera dicha concepción, las organizaciones pueden avanzar hacia la previsión inteligente de escenarios, con un análisis del big data, la anticipación de riesgos regulatorios, la vigilancia tecnológica y otras técnicas de inteligencia competitiva.

Existen tres aproximaciones diferentes para introducir la prospectiva en las organizaciones. Se pueden considerar, en determinados casos, como una evolución dependiendo del grado de integración que se busque:

• Enfoque adaptativo (analizar para adaptarnos): en el que se desarrollan planes empresariales diferentes para adaptarnos a cada uno de los posibles escenarios futuros analizados.

• Enfoque de influencia (analizar para influir): en el que prevemos los escenarios futuros y establecemos de qué manera podemos influir en su evolución.

• Enfoque proactivo (analizar para crear): en el que activamente creamos el futuro deseado, como en el caso de General Motors. Cómo afronten las organizaciones la robotización es un buen ejemplo de reto para Estados y organizaciones.

Son muchas las empresas que recurren de manera creciente a la prospectiva a fin de estudiar los escenarios que encontrarán en el medio y largo plazo. Ciertamente, no es un secreto que la prospectiva empresarial se encuentra menos desarrollada en los países del ámbito latinoamericano que en otros países como Estados Unidos o Japón, aunque se ven avances en los últimos años. Por ello, a continuación se presenta un video en el cual se introduce un informe especial realizado en España (enlace al final de esta página), donde se aborda la situación y aplicación de la prospectiva empresarial junto con Jordi Serra del Pino, referente internacional de esta disciplina.

Archivo:170315 DI Inf Prosp ENG.pdf
Archivo:170411 DI Inf Prospecciones PT.pdf
Archivo:170315 DI Inf Prospecciones ESP.pdf
Red Star Parcels

**Red Star Parcels** was a service which used passenger trains for transporting parcels between passenger railway stations throughout the United Kingdom, owned and operated by British Rail. It was introduced experimentally on 1 April 1963. Senders could despatch their consignments to selected stations at which the parcels were collected by the recipient. The service used scheduled trains and as such was one of the fastest methods of transporting a package long distances around the country.

Red Star Parcels no longer trades although signage bearing the Red Star logo can be seen at railway stations across the UK including Bradford Interchange, Bournemouth Central, Birmingham New Street, Brighton, Littlehampton, London Euston, York, Derby, Stoke-On-Trent, Stafford, Southend Victoria, Great Yarmouth and more.

## References

1. ↑ *Railway Magazine*, May 1963. page 360.
Beeching Axe

The **Beeching cuts** (also **Beeching Axe**) were a reduction of route network and restructuring of the railways in Great Britain, according to a plan outlined in two reports, ***The Reshaping of British Railways*** (1963) and ***The Development of the Major Railway Trunk Routes*** (1965), written by Dr Richard Beeching and published by the British Railways Board.

The first report identified 2,363 stations and 5,000 miles (8,000 km) of railway line for closure, 55% of stations and 30% of route miles, with an objective of stemming the large losses being incurred during a period of increasing competition from road transport and reducing the rail subsidies necessary to keep the network running; the second identified a small number of major routes for significant investment. The 1963 report also recommended some less well publicised changes, including a switch to containerisation for rail freight.

Protests resulted in the saving of some stations and lines, but the majority were closed as planned, and Beeching's name remains associated with the mass closure of railways and the loss of many local services in the period that followed. A few of these routes have since reopened, some short sections have been preserved as Heritage Railways, while others have been incorporated into the National Cycle Network or used for road schemes; others now are lost to construction, simply reverted to farm land, or remain derelict.

However, some line that where outlined by Dr. Beaching did not close at the time or at all. For example, Far North Line, Central Wales Line, Tamar Valley Line, Marshlink Line, Settle-Carlisle Line, Ipswich–Lowestoft, Manchester–Sheffield via Edale, Buxton Line, Ayr–Stranraer, Glasgow–Kilmarnock, Glasgow–Edinburgh via Shotts, Barrow–Whitehaven, Middlesbrough–Whitby, York–Harrogate, Leeds/Bradford–Ilkley, Nottingham–Lincoln, Boston–Skegness,  Birkenhead–Wrexham, Liverpool–Southport (and other Merseyside commuter routes), Bury-Manchester, Leicester–Peterborough and  Ryde–Shanklin.

## References

1. ↑ http://www.railengineer.uk/2013/03/21/derailed-the-complicity-dividend/
Лимон

Лимоны - фруктовые культуры. Разблокированы на уровне опыта 66. Они растут на лимонных деревьях и могут быть собраны четыре раза.

Как и все зерновые культуры, они хранятся в силосной башне.

### Сбор лимонов

Первый урожай дает два лимона, второй три, а остальные два четыре. После третьего урожая дерево увядает.

Нажатие на дерево ставит знак на нем, давая другим игрокам знать, что дерево должно быть возрождено. После того, как это произошло, последний урожай может быть сделан прежде, чем дерево умирает. После этого необходима пила.
Банан

Бананы - фруктовая культура. Разблокированы на уровне опыта 88. Они растут на банановых деревьях и могут быть собраны четыре раза.

Они используются в качестве ингредиентов в банановый хлеб, банановый блинчики, замороженный банан, латте и какао смузи.

Как и все зерновые культуры, они хранятся в силосной башне.

### Сбор бананов

Первый урожай дает два банана, второй три, а остальные два четыре. После третьего урожая банановое дерево увядает.

Нажатие на дерево ставит знак, давая другим игрокам знать, что дерево должно быть возрождено. После того, как это произошло, последний урожай может быть сделан прежде, чем дерево умирает. Пила после этого необходима, чтобы срубить дерево.
Sealink

**Sealink** was a ferry company based in the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1984, operating services to France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Channel Islands, Isle of Wight and Ireland.

Ports served by the company included: Dover, Folkestone, Newhaven, Southampton and Harwich for services to the European continent; Holyhead, Fishguard, Heysham and Stranraer for services to Ireland and the Isle of Man; Weymouth and Portsmouth for services to the Channel Islands. The Isle of Wight was also served from Portsmouth and Lymington.

Sealink also operated the *Steamer* Passenger Ferry services on Windermere in Cumbria until privatisation, when these were passed to the newly reformed Windermere Iron Steamboat Company (now Windermere Lake Cruises Ltd).

When TOPS was introduced, ships where labled as the Class 99s.
Sweet Beginnings

## *I Don't Wanna Grow Up (EP)* Chronology

"**Sweet Beginnings**" is the second track from Bebe Rexha's debut EP "I Don't Wanna Grow Up".

## Lyrics

**[Verse 1]**

It's like bed bugs in a 5 star hotel

First date

Pretty face, but he's dumb as hell

He's dumb as hell

It's like choking on a LifeSaver

Like a firehouse burning to the ground

Burning to the ground

**[Pre-Chorus 1]**

And I keep running, running circles, circles

Tyna understand why the dreams I die for are now killin' me

And I keep running, running circles, circles

Tryna figure out why this life is not what I thought it'd be, yeah

**[Chorus]**

I wanna go back to the sweet beginnings

When I was young and full of innocence

I wanna go back to complete surrender of you

The sweet beginnings of

**[Verse 2]**

It's like you're allergic to your medication

Meant to make you better, but it makes you worse

It makes you worse

It's like dying in your own living room

Like a U-Haul following behind a hearse

We all turn to dirt

**[Pre-Chorus 2]**

And I keep running, running circles

Tryna understand why this life is not what I thought it'd be

Yeah, yeah

**[Chorus]**

I wanna go back to the sweet beginnings

When I was young and full of innocence

I wanna go back to complete surrender of you

The sweet beginnings of

**[Post-Chorus]**

The sweet beginning of

The sweet beginnings of

Boy have not ported it back (surrender)

So let go of your heart (surrender)

Boy have not ported it back (surrender)

So let go of your heart (surrender)

**[Breakdown]**

I wanna go back to the sweet beginnings

When I was young and full of innocence

I wanna go back to complete surrender of you

The sweet beginnings of

**[Chorus]**

I wanna go back to the sweet beginnings

When I was young and full of innocence

I wanna go back to complete surrender of you

The sweet beginnings of

**[Outro]**

The sweet beginnings of

The sweet beginnings of

The sweet beginnings of
I Don't Wanna Grow Up

## *I Don't Wanna Grow Up* Chronology

"**I Don't Wanna Grow Up**" is the first track from Bebe Rexha's debut EP "I Don't Wanna Grow Up".

## Lyrics

**[Verse 1]**

I don't wanna grow up, no

I don't wanna grow up

I'm still naive

Young, wild and free

I don't wanna hear it, no

I don't wanna feel it

Don't lecture me

Just let me be

**[Chorus]**

If love is a lie, it's the most beautiful lie that you've ever been told

'Cause nothin'

Nothin' makes me feel like you do

Even though I see through you

If love is a lie, then please don't ever tell me the truth

Cause nothin'

Nothin' makes me feel like you do

Even though I see through you

**[Verse 2]**

I don't wanna live it, no

I don't wanna live it

Reality

Just not for me

Like cheap tequila

Makes you sick but it tastes so good

It is good on your lips

Take a sip

Just one more hit

I love it when you do it, when you do it like this

When you do it, when you do it like this

**[Chorus]**

If love is a lie, it's the most beautiful lie that you've ever been told

'Cause nothin'

Nothin' makes me feel like you do

Even though I see through you

If love is a lie, then please don't ever tell me the truth

Cause nothin'

Nothin' makes me feel like you do

If love is a lie, it's the most beautiful lie that you've ever been told

'Cause nothin'

Nothin' makes me feel like you do

Even though I see through you

(If love is a lie, is a lie)

If love is a lie, it's the most beautiful lie that you've ever been told

'Cause nothin'

Nothin' makes me feel like you do

Even though I see through you

If love is a lie, then please don't ever tell me the truth

Cause nothin'

Nothin' makes me feel like you do

Even though I see through you

(C'mon, c'mon, c'mon, c'mon, c'mon, c'mon...)
Southern Region

The **Southern Region** was a region of British Railways from 1948 until 1992 when railways were privatised. The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right in the 1980s. The region covered south London, southern England and the south coast, including the busy commuter belt areas of Kent, Sussex and Surrey. The region was largely based upon the former Southern Railway area.

The region's 'colour' was Green, taken from Southern Railway.

In 1982, the Southern Region was sectored into Network SouthEast.
Mistlefern

### Foster Sister(s):

Maplethorn, Gorsethroat, Stormcrest, Vixenshade, Pierisfang, Lizardspark, Cypresspaw, Foxpaw, Quickpaw

### Foster Brother(s):

Rockheart, Lavendershine, Grovechime, Dipperpelt, Lionpaw, Cashewpaw

## Education

### Mentor(s):

Blossomgaze

**Mistlefern** is a blue-grey tabby she-cat with blue eyes and folded ears.

## Kin

### Members

**Foster Father:**

* Rustedstar: Deceased, verified StarClan member

**Foster Mother:**

* Spiralstripe: Living

**Foster Brothers:**

* Lavendershine: Living
* Rockheart: Living
* Grovechime: Status unknown
* Dipperpelt: Living
* Lionpaw: Living
* Cashewpaw: Living

**Foster Sisters:**

* Maplethorn: Living
* Gorsethroat: Deceased, verified StarClan member
* Stormcrest: Living
* Vixenshade: Living
* Pierisfang: Status unknown
* Lizardspark: Living
* Cypresspaw: Living
* Foxpaw: Living
* Quickpaw: Living
Motorail

**Motorail** was the brand name for British Rail's long-distance services that carried passengers and their cars, ultimately part of the InterCity sector. It originated with the June 1955 introduction of The Car-Sleeper Limited between London and Perth. (Due to the enginemen's strike that summer the precise start date is uncertain.) The Motorail brand was introduced in 1966 with BR press releases and the opening of the London Kensington Olympia terminal.

## References

1. ↑ https://railscot.co.uk/articles/West\_London\_Line/
Railair

**RailAir** describes a number of airport bus and coach services designed to connect the National Rail network to airports in the United Kingdom. Services are currently concentrated on London Heathrow Airport, with one other from London Luton Airport. RailAir services are operated as public transport services by or on behalf of train operators, where the whole journey is paid for as a through ticket which combines the railway and bus journey, although journeys can be made using the bus only. As such, many are operated where the train and bus operator are owned by the same company.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 https://www.britishairways.com/en-gb/information/airport-information/london-heathrow-airport/heathrow-t5"<ref/><ref>South West Trains Airport links page giving details of through ticketing
Advanced Passenger Train

The **Advanced Passenger Train** (**APT**) was a tilting high speed train developed by British Rail during the 1970s and early 1980s, for use on the West Coast Main Line (WCML). The WCML contained many curves, and the APT pioneered the concept of active tilting to address these, a feature that has since appeared on designs around the world. The experimental APT-E achieved a new British railway speed record on 10 August 1975 when it reached 152.3 miles per hour, only to be bested by the service prototype APT-P at 162.2 miles per hour in December 1979, a record that stood for 23 years.

Development of the service prototypes dragged on, and by the late 1970s the design had been under construction for a decade and the trains were still not ready for service. The election of Margaret Thatcher brought matters to a head and she alluded to funding cuts for British Rail's struggling project. Facing the possibility of cancellation, BR management decided to put the prototypes into service, with the first runs along the London-Glasgow route taking place in December 1981. The result was a media circus when every problem large or small received massive press coverage and the entire project derided as a white elephant and a further example of BR's incompetence. The trains were withdrawn from service again by the end of the month, to the great amusement of the press.

The problems were eventually solved and the trains quietly reintroduced in 1984. By this time the competing High Speed Train, powered by a conventional diesel engine and lacking the APT's tilt and performance, had gone through development and testing at a rapid rate and was now forming the backbone of BR's passenger service. All support for the APT project had collapsed as anyone in authority distanced themselves from what was widely derided as a failure, while the HST found widespread support. All thoughts of building a production version, APT-S, were abandoned, and the three APT-Ps ran for just over a year before being withdrawn again over the winter of 1985/6. Two of the three sets were broken up, and parts of the third sent to the National Railway Museum where it joined the APT-E.

In spite of the APT's troubled history, the design was highly influential and directly inspired other successful trains. The considerable work on electrification that was carried out hand-in-hand with APT was put to good use with newer designs like the British Rail Class 91. More recently, the original tilting system was reintroduced on the WCML with the British Rail Class 221, built by Bombardier Transportation. Its tilting system was originally licensed from the APT. Other features pioneered on APT, such as the hydrokinetic braking used to stop the train within existing separations, have not been adopted.

## The Railway Technical Centre

As part of the RTC, Coach: S60750 (QXA RDB975386) was converted from a Hastings DMU to a coach fitted with tilting bogies.
I'm Gonna Show You Crazy

## *I Don't Wanna Grow Up (EP)* Chronology

"**I'm Gonna Show You Crazy**" is the second single from Bebe Rexha's debut EP titled I Don't Wanna Grow Up which was released on May 12, 2015. The single was released on December 19, 2014.

The lyrics, "Loco, maniac, sick bitch, psychopath,Yeah I’m gonna show you I’m gonna show you..." tells of the singer accepting and owning that she may be 'crazy.'

It charted in Sweden, Finland, Norway, Slovakia and the Czech Republic.

## Background

Following appearances on albums by Pitbull (Globalization) and David Guetta (Listen) Rexha worked on a follow up to her debut solo single "I Can't Stop Drinking About You" released earlier in 2014.

On December 8, Rexha released a demo of a song called "Cry Wolf", rumoured to be a new single, It featured a feisty chorus of “You’re so bad yeah I get it, you made your bed now rest in it. Run and cry wolf!” however, four days later, it was announced that "I'm Gonna Show You Crazy" would be the next single. A preview was also released. The song was released on December 19.

## Critical reception

Bradley Stern of MuuMuse gave the song a positive review, saying it's "insanely good". He said "The defiance written all over the track is positively delicious, as Bebe yelps her way across soldiering drum beats, synths and one monster of a chorus."

Kevipod of Direct Lyrics said; "Our new favourite Brooklyn girl just released a killer song worthy of being on high rotation on Top 40 radios and in the Top 20 on the Billboard Hot 100 (at least!). Amazing pop-dance production? check!, more politically incorrect content? check!, fierce vocals? check!, and amazingly catchy chorus, hell yeah check! My good Lord. That chorus!"

## Music video

An acoustic video version of the song was released on February 25, 2015. The clip sees the songstress shedding tears and lashing out while powerfully belting out the song above an acoustic guitar strum.

The main video was released on April 21, 2015 and it was directed by Hannah Lux Davis.
Trainload Freight

**Trainload Freight** was the sector of British Rail responsible for trainload freight services. The division was subdivided into four sub-sectors; coal, petroleum, metals and construction.

It was formed in 1988 from the trainload operations of British Rail's Railfreight division. The company existed until 1994, when, as part of the privatisation process of British Rail, it was split into three separate companies by region: Load-Haul, Mainline Freight and Trans-Rail.
InterCity 225

The **InterCity 225** is an electric high speed train in the United Kingdom, comprising a Class 91 electric locomotive, nine Mark 4 coaches and a Driving Van Trailer (DVT).

The Class 91 locomotives were built by British Rail Engineering Limited's Crewe Works as a spin-off from the Advanced Passenger Train project, which was abandoned during the 1980s, whilst the coaches and DVT were constructed by Metro Cammell in Birmingham and Breda (under sub-contract) in Italy, again borrowing heavily from the Advanced Passenger Train. The trains were designed to operate at up to 140 mph in regular service, but are limited to 125 mph principally due to a lack of cab signalling and the limitations of the current overhead line equipment. They are used on services from London King's Cross to Newark North Gate, Doncaster, Leeds, Bradford Forster Square, Skipton, York, Newcastle, Edinburgh Waverley and Glasgow Central.

## References

1. ↑ "The Design and Development of the Class 91 Locomotive", P J Donnison and G R West, Main Line Railway Electrification Conference 1989 - Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical Engineers, 1989.
2. ↑ "The design, manufacture and assembly of the British Rail Class 91, 25kV 225km/h locomotive", M L Broom and G W Smart, Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers Vol. 205, 1990.
British Rail Wiki

## Welcome to the British Rail Wiki

This Wikia is designed to show all parts of British Rail, including a list of classes, steam, diesel and electric, and the more 'waky' parts.

## Describe your topic

This is a site baced on all parts of BR not just all the well known parts. Parts like to people and a bizarre plan to build a Flying Saucer. Plus all the other parts of BR such as the Maps and TOPS System.

## Latest activity

Photos and videos are a great way to add visuals to your wiki. Add one below!

1/22
Signaling

BR inherited many different types of signals from the Big Four.

## Home Signal

A Home signal is a signal that indicates two aspects, go and stop. There were two main types, an Upper Quadrant Signal (Ex LMS, LNER or SR) were it went upward to indicate go, and an Lower Quadrant Signal (Ex GWR) were it went downward to indicate go. The Lower Quadrant signals also had a Rarer sub group, the Somersault Signal. The Somersaults were used at locations were a normal signal was to large to use. There are still a few examples at locations such as Shrewsbury and Liskard.

They are of a red rectangular form. There is no colour light vertion, as it is part of a standard 3 or 4 aspect signal.

## Distance Signals

A Distance signal is a signal which has two aspects that show either Go or Proceed with Caution. Along with the Home Signals they also have Upper and Lower Quadrant form, as well as a Fixed form. They are of a yellow rectangular (with a triangular cut at one end) form. There is no colour light vertion, as it is part of a standard 3 or 4 aspect signal.

## Shunting Signals

Shunting signals were round disks that were used when points moved, indicating the route set. Along with the other types of signals, they had Upper and Lower Quadrant formes.
Network SouthEast

**Network SouthEast** (NSE) was one of the three passenger sectors of British Rail formed in 1982 from the Southern Region. NSE principally operated commuter trains in the London area and inter-urban services in densely populated South East England, although the network reached as far west as Exeter. Before 1986, the sector was known as London & South Eastern.

During the privatisation of British Rail it was gradually broken into a number of franchises.
Pullman

**Pullman** trains in Great Britain were mainline luxury railway services that operated with first-class coaches and a steward service, provided by the British **Pullman Car Company**.

## Notable Services

### East Coast Main Line

* Harrogate Pullman (London Kings Cross - Harrogate, Newcastle, July 1923 - September 1925)
* Harrogate Sunday Pullman (London King's Cross - Harrogate, Sundays only, ceased 1967)
* Hull Pullman (London King's Cross - Hull Paragon, formerly Hull portion of Yorkshire Pullman, 1967–78)
* Queen of Scots (London King's Cross - Glasgow Queen Street, ceased 1964)
* Tees-Tyne Pullman (London King's Cross - Newcastle Central, ceased 1976)
* White Rose (London King's Cross - Harrogate, operated as a Pullman 1964-67 as replacement for Queen of Scots)
* Yorkshire Pullman (London King's Cross - Harrogate / Hull Paragon (to 1967), ceased 1978)
* Eastern Belle Pullman (London Liverpool Street to variously Felixstowe, Lowestoft, Cromer, Sheringham, Clacton, Hunstanton and Skegness, etc., as well as along the Aldeburgh branch. Ran on one specific day of the week to each destination, e.g., in June 1929 the train ran to Felixstowe on Mondays, Clacton on Tuesdays, Frinton & Walton on Wednesdays, Dovercourt & Harwich on Thursdays and Thorpness/Aldeburgh on Fridays, etc. Destinations and days visited varied in later years. Ran only from 1929 to 1939 and did not resume post-war.

### Midland Main Line

* Midland Pullman (*Blue Pullman* service, London St Pancras - Manchester Central, also short workings from London to Leicester Midland or Nottingham Midland, 1960-66 only, replaced by Manchester Pullman)

### West Coast Main Line

* Liverpool Pullman (London Euston - Liverpool Lime Street, 1966–74)
* Manchester Pullman (London Euston - Manchester Piccadilly, 1966–97)

### Great Western Main Line

* Birmingham Pullman (*Blue Pullman* service, London Paddington - Wolverhampton Low Level, 1960–67)
* Bristol Pullman (*Blue Pullman* service, London Paddington - Bristol Temple Meads, 1960–73)
* Oxford Pullman (*Blue Pullman* service, London Paddington - Oxford, 1967–69)
* South Wales Pullman (*Blue Pullman* service after 1961, London Paddington - Swansea High Street, 1955–73)
* GWR Torquay Pullman Limited. (London Paddington - Paignton.). Ran 08/07/29- summer 1930, Mondays & Fridays.

### Southern Lines

* Bournemouth Belle (London Waterloo - Bournemouth West (to 1965) or Bournemouth Central, ceased 1967)
* Brighton Belle (*Pullman EMU* service, London Victoria - Brighton, ceased 1972)
* Devon Belle (London Waterloo - Ilfracombe, ceased 1954, also a portion to Plymouth Friary until 1949)
* Eastbourne Pullman (*Pullman EMU* service, London Victoria - Eastbourne, summer Sundays only, 1950–57)
* Golden Arrow (London Victoria - Dover Marine or Folkestone Harbour, ceased 1972)
* Kentish Belle (London Victoria - Ramsgate / Canterbury East, 1951–58, replacement for Thanet Belle)
* Thanet Belle (London Victoria - Ramsgate, ceased 1950)

## References

1. ↑ Source - The Aldeburgh branch by Peter Paye, Oakwood Press 2014
Mark 3 Coach

The **British Rail Mark 3** is a type of passenger carriage developed in response to growing competition from airlines and the car in the 1960s. A variant of the Mark 3 became the rolling stock for the High Speed Train (HST). The Mark 3s were built by BREL. They were air-conditioned throughout, something modern that wasn't used in Mark 1s or Mark 2s.They had a common use on the WCML on InterCity Services between London Euston and Glasgow Central. The Rest having usage on the Great Western Main Line, Midland Main Line and East Coast Main Line.

Originally conceived as locomotive-hauled coaching stock, the first coaches built were for the prototype HST in 1972. Production coaches entered service between 1975 and 1988, and multiple-unit designs based on the Mark 3 bodyshell continued to be built until the early 1990s. The Mark 3 and its derivatives are widely recognised as a safe and reliable design, and most of the surviving fleet is still in revenue service on the British railway network in 2018.

## References

1. ↑ Rail 150, Jack Simmons, ISBN 0-413-32300-5
Headcoads

Headcoads was a manor in which a display was set on the front of a train, this helped station staff and signalmen identifiy the train.

## Disks

Disks or lamps where the manor in which steam locos and early diesel locos.

## Train Reporting Number

Train Reporting Numbers where used by the Southern Region on there DEMUs and EMUs as well as there electric locomotives.

## Train Headcoad

Train headcoads where introduced in 1960 as four digets, three numbers ad a letter. They where made in this form: Train Type, Location, ID Number, For example 1X99, a Class 1 train, a Special location and an ID Number.

## References

1. ↑ Perren, B. (July 1962). *abc British Express Freight Trains*. Hampton Court: Ian Allan. p. 64. BEFT/1186/775/125/.
Merseyrail

The large comprehensive urban network was formed in 1977 by merging separate rail lines by the construction of new tunnels under Liverpool city centre and Birkenhead. Although financial constraints have prevented some of the 1970s plans for the network being realised, the network has been extended, with additional extensions proposed.

The Merseyrail name became the official brand for the network in the days of British Rail, surviving several franchise holders, although the name was not used by Arriva when holding the franchise. Despite this, Merseytravel continued the Merseyrail branding at stations, allowing the name to be adopted colloquially. Merseyrail is referred to as "Merseyrail Electrics" by National Rail Enquiries, and as "Serco/Abellio Merseyrail" by Merseytravel.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.merseytravel.gov.uk/Site%20Documents/Merseyrail%20-%20A%20brief%20history.pdf
Network NorthWest

**Network NorthWest** was a brand name of British Rail which was applied for a short period to the provincial railway network in North West England. It was launched in 1989 during British Rail's sectorisation programme which created distinct brand identities for regional sub-divisions.

The Network NorthWest name mirrored the larger Network SouthEast brand which had been rolled out on the rail network around London and the South East of England since 1982. Network NorthWest promoted suburban and regional railway services centred on Manchester and was jointly funded by British Rail, the Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive (GMPTE) and Lancashire County Council. Some Network NorthWest services overlapped with those of neighbouring Merseyrail, another British Rail regional network which was centred on Liverpool.

## References

1. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20131116033659/http://www.gmts.co.uk/explore/history/summary19862002.html
2. ↑ "Network Northwest". *RAIL*. No. 93. EMAP. 6 April 1989. p. 39. ISSN 0953-4563.
InterCity

**InterCity** (or, in the earliest days, the hyphenated Inter-City) was introduced by British Rail in 1966 as a brand-name for its long-haul express passenger services.

In 1986 the British Railways Board divided its operations into a number of sectors (sectorisation). The sector responsible for long-distance express trains assumed the brand-name InterCity, although many routes that were previously operated as InterCity services were assigned to other sectors (e.g. London to King's Lynn services were transferred to the commuter sector Network SouthEast).

InterCity also planed three new long distance and high speed sets; InterCity 125, InterCity 225 and InterCity 250
London Midland Region

The **London Midland Region** (LMR) was one of the six regions created on the formation of the nationalised British Railways (BR) and initially consisted of ex-London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) lines in England and Wales. The region was managed first from buildings adjacent to Euston station and later from Stanier House in Birmingham. It existed from the creation of BR in 1948, ceased to be an operating unit in its own right in the 1980s and was wound up at the end of 1992.

It was Sectored into: InterCity and Regional Railways
Western Region

The **Western Region** was a region of British Railways from 1948. The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right on completion of the 'Organising for Quality' initiative on 6 April 1992. The Region consisted principally of ex-Great Western Railway lines, minus certain lines west of Birmingham, which were transferred to the London Midland Region in 1963 and with the addition of all former Southern Railway routes west of Exeter, which were subsequently rationalised.

It was Sectored into: InterCity and Regional Railways.

## Sport

In the 1959 Inter-Regional Football Torniment was won 3-1 by the Western Region (Against the Southern Region).

**Western Region** Team: P. Sims (Swindon); M. Woolford (Swindon); A. L. Thomas (Aberdare); T. Grace (Newport); D. Griffiths (Port Talbot); Trainer: F. Clark (Reading); M. Evans (Aberystwyth); L. Abberley (Shrewsbury); M. Marks (Swindon); A. L. Carr (General Secretary, Staff Association); R. Hanes (Swindon); D. Blackall (Reading); J. Griffin (Newport); R. T. Shepard (Staff Association HQ).

## References

1. ↑ Vol.10 No.5 May 1959, British Railways, Western Region Magazine
InterCity 125

**InterCity 125** was the brand name of British Rail's diesel-powered **High Speed Train** (**HST**) fleet,

which was built from 1975 to 1982 and was introduced in 1976. An InterCity 125 train is made up of two Class 43 power cars, one at each end of a fixed formation of Mark 3 carriages (the number of carriages varies by operator). The train operates at speeds of up to 125 mph in regular service, and has an absolute maximum speed of 148 mph, making it the fastest diesel-powered train in the world, a record it has held from its introduction to the present day. Initially the sets were classified as Classes 253 and 254. A variant of the power cars operates in Australia as part of the XPT.
Scottish Region

The **Scottish Region** (ScR) was one of the six regions created on British Railways (BR) and consisted of ex-London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) and ex-London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) lines in Scotland. It existed from the creation of BR in 1948, and was renamed to ScotRail in the mid-1980s.

It used a light blue colour on its' branding.
Eurostar

**Eurostar** is a high-speed railway service

connecting London with Amsterdam, Avignon, Brussels, Lille, Lyon, Marseille, Paris and Rotterdam. All its trains traverse the Channel Tunnel between the United Kingdom and France, owned and operated separately by Getlink.

Eurostar ran over Network SouthEast rails, in the UK.
Mark 1 Coach

British Railways **Mark 1** was the family designation for the first standardised designs of railway coaches built by British Railways. Following nationalisation in 1948, BR had continued to build carriages to the designs of the "Big Four" companies (the Great Western, Southern, London Midland and Scottish and London and North Eastern railways), and the Mark 1 was intended to be the standard carriage design for use across all lines, incorporating the best features of each of the former companies' designs. It was also designed to be much stronger than previous designs, to provide better protection for passengers in the event of a collision or derailment.

The Mk 1 coaches were built in two distinct tranches: the early vehicles (1951–60) and the 'Commonwealth' stock (named from the type of bogie used) from 1961 onwards.

## XP64

Near the end of the production of hauled Mark 1 stock came a series of eight experimental carriages known as the **XP64** set. Three Corridor Firsts, two Corridor Seconds, and three Tourist Second Opens were built by Derby Carriage Works in 1964. Externally they resembled Mark 1 stock with the addition of a cosmetic cover over the solebars of the standard Mark 1 underframes, but inside they included many new features, including pressure ventilation, new seating designs and wider bi-fold doors. Many of these features were later incorporated in the Mark 2 stock produced from 1964.

## References

1. ↑ Parkin, Keith (1991). British Railways Mark 1 Coaches. Penryn: Pendragon/HMRS. ISBN 0-906899-49-4
2. ↑ http://www.bluebell-railway.co.uk/bluebell/howlden/cct\_94181.html
British Rail Engineering Limited

**British Rail Engineering Limited** (**BREL**), incorporated on 31 October 1969, was the railway systems engineering subsidiary of British Rail until the design and building of trains in the UK was privatised in 1989.

The vast majority of BREL's output was rolling stock for British Rail, including Mark 1, Mark 2 and Mark 3 carriages, the latter for locomotive haulage and InterCity 125 diesel High Speed Trains. BREL built the NIR 80 Class diesel-electric multiple units for Northern Ireland Railways. Other Mark 3 derived vehicles included Class 150 diesel multiple units in the 1980s and numerous electric multiple units such as Classes 313 and 317.

BREL had limited success in the export market, notably with Mark 2 and Mark 3 carriages for Irish Rail and the Taiwan Railway EMU100 series.

## References

1. ↑ http://www.railwaybritain.co.uk/british%20rail%20workshops.html
2. ↑ 1985 - 1986
3. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210506/http://www.therailwaycentre.com/Recognition%20Tech%20Data%20EMU/EMU\_319.html
4. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20071027134448/http://www.therailwaycentre.com/New%20EMU%20Tech%20Data/EMU\_321.html
5. ↑ http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20081023170025/http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/inquiries/ref2007/roscos/pdf/prov\_find\_glossary\_classes\_rolling\_stock.pdf
6. ↑ Fox, Peter (1994). Electric Multiple Units. British Railways Pocket Book No.4 (7th ed.). Platform 5. pp. 85–86. ISBN 9781872524603.
Railway Technical Centre

The **Railway Technical Centre** (RTC) in London Road, Derby, England, was built by the British Railways Board in the early 1960s to be its technical headquarters. British Rail was able to announce that "The Railway Technical Centre at Derby is the largest railway research complex in the world."

It was one of British Rail's Departments that wern't connected to the movement of passengers or freight.

   The RTC centralised most of the technical services provided by the regional Chief Mechanical & Electrical Engineers (CM&EE) to form the Department of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering (DM&EE). In addition, it housed the newly formed British Rail Research Division which reported directly to the Board. The latter is well known for its work on the experimental Advanced Passenger Train (APT-E). At that early stage this was a concept vehicle, and in time the DM&EE applied the new knowledge to existing practice in the design of the High Speed Train (HST), the later prototype APT-P and other high-speed vehicles.

## Rolling Stock Developed

High Speed Train (HST), Later Class 43

Advanced Passenger Train (APT), Later Class 370

## Test Coaches

The RTC converted many Coaches for diffrent resons. For example:

*This list is Incomplete. Please help by Expanding this Article.*

## Non-Railway Developments

Although being the **Railway** Technical Centre, the RTC also developed the Mag-Lev. A specialist test track and 'loco' was created at Derby to test the Mag-Lev ready for installation at Birmingham Airport.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rolling Stock Recognition: 3, Departmental Stock, Colin J. Marsden, ISBN 0-7110-1446-9
Multiple Unit Famlies

This is a list of DMUs, EMUs and DEMUs famlies.

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 Know Your Trains, James Race, ISBN 978-1-908397-13-3
2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 Traction Recognition, Colin J. Marsden, ISBN 978-0-7110-3277-4
Island Line

**Island Line** is a brand of the South Western Railway train operating company which runs the ​8 1⁄2-mile Island Line on the Isle of Wight. A stand-alone franchise from 1996 until 2007, it then became part of the South Western franchise operated by South West Trains until August 2017 and since by South Western Railway.

## Rolling Stock

 Class 03
Eastern Region

The **Eastern Region** was a region of British Railways from 1948, whose operating area could be identified from the dark blue signs and colour schemes that adorned its station and other railway buildings.

Together with the North Eastern Region (which it absorbed in 1967), it covered most lines of the former London and North Eastern Railway, except in Scotland. By 1988 the Eastern Region had been divided again into the Eastern Region and the new Anglia Region, with the boundary points being between Peterborough and Whittlesea, and between Royston and Meldreth. The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right in the 1980s and was wound up at the end of 1992.

IT was Sectored into: Network SouthEast, InterCity and Regional Railways.

## References

1. ↑ Baker, Stuart K. (1988) [1977]. *Rail Atlas Great Britain & Ireland* (5th ed.). Yeovil: Oxford Publishing Co. p. 40, section B1. ISBN 0-86093-419-5. T419.
2. ↑ Baker, Stuart K. (1988) [1977]. *Rail Atlas Great Britain & Ireland* (5th ed.). Yeovil: Oxford Publishing Co. p. 32, ISBN 0-86093-419-5. T419.
Flying Saucer

The **British Rail flying saucer**, officially known simply as *space vehicle*, was a proposed spacecraft designed by Charles Osmond Frederick.

The flying saucer originally started as a proposal for a lifting platform. However, the project was revised and edited, and by the time the patent was filed had become a large passenger craft for interplanetary travel.

The craft was to be powered by nuclear fusion, using laser beams to produce pulses of nuclear energy in a generator in the centre of the craft, at a rate of over 1000 Hz to prevent resonance, which could damage the vehicle. The pulses of energy would then have been transferred out of a nozzle into a series of radial electrodes running along the underside of the craft, which would have converted the energy into electricity that would then pass into a ring of powerful electromagnets (the patent describes using superconductors if possible). These magnets would accelerate subatomic particles emitted by the fusion reaction, providing lift and thrust. This general design was used in several fusion rocket studies.

A layer of thick metal running above the fusion reactor would have acted as a shield to protect the passengers above from the radiation emitted from the core of the reactor. The entire vehicle would be piloted in such a way that the acceleration and deceleration of the craft would have simulated gravity in zero gravity conditions.

A patent application was filed by Jensen and Son on behalf of British Rail on 11 December 1970 and granted on 21 March 1973.

The patent lapsed in 1976 due to non-payment of renewal fees.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Alan Hamilton (13 March 2006). "The next service to arrive at platform twelve will be... a flying saucer". *The Times*. London. Retrieved 2007-03-17.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 GB 1310990 British Railways Board: "Space vehicle"
3. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4801928.stm
4. ↑ https://www.theguardian.com/science/2006/mar/13/spaceexploration.transportintheuk
Mark 2 Coach

The **Mark 2** family of railway carriages were British Rail's second design of carriages. They were built by British Rail workshops (from 1969 British Rail Engineering Limited) (BREL) between 1964 and 1975. They were of steel construction.

## References

1. ↑ Fox, Peter (1987). *Multiple Unit Pocket Book*. British Railways Pocket Book No.2 (Summer/Autumn 1987 ed.). Platform 5 Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0906579740. OCLC 613347580
2. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20110615061956/http://www.therailwaycentre.com/Recognition%20Tech%20Data%20EMU/EMU\_310.html
3. ↑ http://www.barrowmoremrg.co.uk/BRBDocuments/Diagram\_Book\_210\_for\_Issue.pdf