Ligne 150 KV - (Mazières-Eguzon)

## Présentation :

La ligne Mazières-Eguzon est une ancienne ligne électrique de 150 000 volts qui reliait le barrage d'Eguzon et la centrale thermique de Mazières à Bourges. Elle a conservé son tracé originelle une quinzaine d'année seulement avant d'être sectionnée. Elle est réutilisée depuis pour les réseaux à 225 et 90 KV.

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class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMazi\u00e8res\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Mazi\u00e8res\n","link":"","lat":47.06575034324367,"lon":2.3924812482478552,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEguzon\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Eguzon\n","link":"","lat":46.4570099133194,"lon":1.6191849994947383,"icon":""}]}
## Historique :

On peut dater les origines de la ligne à 1928, quand le groupe Schneider créa une filiale appelée *Compagnie d'Interconnexion Rhône EGuzon* (CIREG) afin de construire une artère entre son réseau électrique et le barrage d'Eguzon sur la Creuse. La ligne Mazières-Eguzon, partie occidentale de cette liaison, fut en 1941 le dernier tronçon réalisé et reliait l'usine d'Eguzon à la centrale thermique de Mazières, dans la zone industrielle Sud de Bourges. Elle constituait alors un lien transversal au centre de la boucle formée par le super réseau à 220 KV entre Paris et le Massif central.

Dans les années 1950, le poste de Marmagne (créé en 1947 avec la double ligne 225 000 volts reliant Paris au barrage de l'Aigle) est en pleine expansion car amené à devenir le centre de répartition d'énergie de la région. La ligne Mazières-Eguzon s'en trouve logiquement impactée : en 1957, elle est interrompue sur 1 km entre Civray et Lunéry pour être déroutée vers Marmagne. La partie occidentale voit sa tension rehaussée et devient alors la ligne 225 KV Marmagne-Eguzon, tandis que la partie orientale et déclassée pour raccorder Bourges à Saint-Florent-sur-Cher (Ligne 90 KV Mazières - Les Buis).

Lors des travaux du plan d'eau du Val d'Auron, créé en 1977, la ligne Mazieres - Les Buis est déviée sur 3 km au Sud de Bourges et reconstruite avec des pylônes de type "chat".

Elle est ensuite scindée en deux entre 1980 et 1983 par l'installation d'un pylône à 9 triangles à Trouy, au croisement de la ligne 225 KV Bayet-Marmagne. Elle forme alors la ligne 90 KV Mazières-Marmagne N°2 et une ligne hors tension Les Buis - Bayet. Ce croisement est rétabli entre 1988 et 1994; le pylône à 9 triangles est tourné à 90° pour créer un piquage et constituer la ligne actuelle Les Buis-Marmagne-Mazieres.

En 1994, la ligne est enfouie sur 400m du côté d'Eguzon dans le cadre de l'extension du poste et la construction de la liaison 400 KV Eguzon-Valdivienne.

## Description du tracé :

* La ligne sort du poste de Mazières et part en vers le Sud en longeant l'Auron puis la Rampenne avant de bifurquer vers le Sud-Ouest au niveau de la rocade de Bourges (N142)
* Elle croise ensuite l'A71 puis les lignes 400 KV Bayet-Marmagne et 90 KV Dun-Mazières-Les Orchidées (ex LHT 225 KV Bayet Marmagne).
* Elle tourne légèrement vers l'Ouest à Saint-Caprais puis franchit le Cher au Sud de Saint-Florent-sur-Cher. Elle est ensuite interrompue sur environ un kilomètre entre les communes de Lunéry et Civray.
* La ligne poursuit vers l'Ouest jusqu'à son entrée dans l'Indre puis bifurque à nouveau vers le Sud-Ouest avant de croiser la D8, à 2 km d'Issoudun. A partir d'ici elle va suivre plus ou moins le tracé de la ligne 400 KV Eguzon-Marmagne jusqu'au barrage.
* Elle passe sous cette dernière à Condé, franchit la Théols à Brives puis traverse la D925 à Vouillon. Elle tourne ensuite vers le Sud à Mâron puis de nouveau vers le Sud-Ouest aux abords de la D943 près d'Ardentes.
* Après Ardentes, elle poursuit dans cette direction avec de légères variations de tracé jusqu'à Eguzon.

## Tronçon réutilisés pour la création de nouvelles lignes :

##### Ligne actuelle :

* Ligne 90 KV (Les Buis-Marmagne-Mazières) - piquage

##### Lignes disparues :

* Ligne 90 KV - (Mazières - Les Buis)

* Ligne 90 KV - (Marmagne-Mazières) N°2

* Ligne HT - (Les Buis - Bayet)

## Note :

A l'instar de l'ancienne artère à 150 KV Garchizy - Henri-Paul, la ligne était composée ponctuellement de pylônes à 3 triangles plutôt singulier avec les deux bras inférieurs au même niveau (photo ci-contre).