Jean-Marie Balestre

**Jean-Marie Balestre** (born 9 April 1921) is a French auto racing administrator, who became President of the Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile (FISA) from 1978 to 1991 and President of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) from 1985.

## Early life

Balestre was born at Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, Bouches-du-Rhône. He studied law in Paris, and afterwards worked as a journalist on a number of publications.

### World War II

Details of Balestre's activities during World War II are unknown. He was a member of the French Nazi division of the Schutzstaffel, but later claimed to have been an undercover agent for the French Resistance, and received the Legion of Honour for services to France in 1968.

## Career

After the war, he worked as a journalist for Robert Hersant at a successful French automobile magazine called *L'Auto-Journal*. Balestre continued to work with Hersant as he expanded his publishing operations, which made Balestre a wealthy individual. He was a founding member of the Fédération Française du Sport Automobile, a French national motorsport organization, in 1950, and in 1961 became the first president of the International Karting Commission of the FIA. He was elected president of the FFSA in 1973 and president of the FIA's International Sporting Commission in 1978. He was instrumental in transforming the International Sporting Commission into the Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile (FISA) in 1978.

In the late 1970s, photographs began to circulate of Balestre wearing a German SS uniform, and he took unsuccessful legal action to suppress their publication.

Balestre was heavily involved in what is colloquially called the FISA–FOCA war, a political battle over finances and control of the Formula One World Championships between 1980 and 1982. Balestre and his opponent, Bernie Ecclestone, settled the dispute after Enzo Ferrari brokered a compromise. Balestre signed the first Concorde Agreement, under which FOCA was granted the commercial rights to Formula One while the FIA retained control of all sporting and technical regulations.

In 1986, a few hours after the death of Henri Toivonen and Sergio Cresto in a crash, Balestre announced the unilateral decision of FISA to ban Group B rallying in favour of the slower, less technically advanced Group A. Despite this decision, WRC driver fatalities peaked in 1989.

Balestre is credited with establishing specific crash test requirements for Formula One cars, significantly improving the safety of the sport. He was also a key proponent of the switch to naturally aspirated engines in 1989, also arguing that such a move was essential for safety reasons.

Balestre was elected as president of the FIA, while remaining president of FISA, in 1986. He was replaced as president of FISA in 1991 when he lost the election to Max Mosley in October by a vote of 43 to 29.

## Notes

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Henry, Alan (31 March 2008). Obituary: Jean-Marie Balestre. *The Guardian*.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Jean-Marie Balestre. Inside F1 (28 March 2008).
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Lovell, Terry (2009). *Bernie Ecclestone - King of Sport*. John Blake Publishing. p. 98. ISBN 978-1844548262.
4. ↑ Jean-Marie Balestre passes away. formula1.com.