recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Toyoshima Masao

Toyoshima Masao - 豊嶋 雅男 (born December 23, 1919 - March 10, 1945) was a Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Osaka City, Osaka. He made his debut in May 1941 and wrestled for Dewanoumi stable. He reached the makuuchi division in January 1937 and has two kinboshi. His highest rank was sekiwake and he died while as an active wrestler in March 1945.

## **Early Life**

Masao Nishimura was born in Osaka on December 23, 1919. He attended Kokoku High School where he was a member of the judo club. He later joined Dewanoumi stable in 1937.

## **Career**

### **Early Career**

Nishimura made his professional debut in January 1937 and initially wrestled under his surname. He accelerated up the rankings, spending only one tournament in the jonokuchi, jonidan, and sandanme division and only two tournaments in the makushita division. Upon promotion to juryo in May 1940 he was given the shikona "Toyoshima" (豊嶋). After two tournaments in juryo, Toyoshima was promoted to makuuchi in May 1941 after a total of nine tournaments in sumo.

### **Makuuchi Career**

In his top division debut, Toyoshima finished with a strong 11-4 record. In the following January 1942 tournament, Toyoshima defeated Yokozuna Futabayama to earn his first kinboshi. He was promoted to komusubi in May 1942 and after two winning records, he was promoted to sekiwake in May 1943. However, Toyoshima finished with a 6-9 record and was demoted back down to the maegashira ranks. In November 1944, Toyoshima defeated Futabayama again to earn his second kinboshi.

## **Death**

Toyoshima was killed on March 10, 1945, during the Bombing of Tokyo. He was only 25 years old. He was found burnt to death in the Sumida River with his arms clutching the shore. Fellow sumo wrestler Matsuragata also died during the bombings. Yokozuna Akinoumi who was also Toyoshima's stablemate stated that if he was not killed, there was a good chance that he would have become a Yokozuna.

## **Fighting Style**

Toyoshima was an oshi-sumo wrestler who prefers pushing and thrusting techniques to fighting on the mawashi. His most common kimarite used was tsukidashi, or thrust out.

## **Record**

### **Division Results**

* **Total:** 112-65/176 (17 basho)
* **Makuuchi:** 61-49/110 (8 basho)
* **Juryo:** 23-7/30 (2 basho)
* **Makushita:** 12-4/16 (2 basho)
* **Sandanme:** 7-0/7 (1 basho)
* **Jonidan:** 6-1/7 (1 basho)
* **Jonokuchi:** 3-4/6 (1 basho)

## **Shikona History**

* Nishimura Masao (1937.01 - 1940.01)
* Toyoshima Masao (1940.05 - 1944.11)

## **Sources**

* Toyoshima Masao Japanese Wikipedia Article
* Toyoshima Masao Rikishi Information
Wakashio Yoshio

Wakashio Yoshio - 若潮 芳雄 (born August 26, 1913 - February 25, 1991) was a Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Yokohama, Kanagawa. He made his debut in March 1931 and wrestled for Michinoku stable. He reached the makuuchi division in May 1941. His highest rank was maegashira 6 and he retired in October 1949.

## **Career**

### **Early Career**

In 1931, Iwashita entered Michinoku stable and made his professional debut in March 1931. He was promoted to sandanme in May 1933 and makushita in May 1934. Upon promotion to makushita, he was given the shikona "Wakashio" (若潮). He reached the ranks of juryo in May 1937, however, he was unable to establish himself as a sekitori and was demoted back down to makushita on several occasions. He was eventually promoted to makuuchi in May 1941.

### **Makuuchi Career**

Wakashio was ranked in the top division for eight years and a total of 18 tournaments. He was unable to establish himself in the top of makuuchi due to his small size and his highest rank was maegashira 6. He retired from sumo in October 1949 in order to avoid an inevitable demotion to juryo.

## **Fighting Style**

Wakashio was a yotsu-sumo wrestler who prefers grappling to pushing and thrusting techniques. He favored a hidari-yotsu (right hand outside, left hand inside) position when gripping his opponent's mawashi (belt). His most common kimarite was shitatenage (underarm throw).

## **Record**

### **Division Results**

* **Total:** 179-211-7/389 (33 basho)
* **Makuuchi:** 91-128-7/218 (18 basho)
* **Juryo:** 42-42/84 (6 basho)
* **Makushita:** 46-41/87 (8 basho)

## **Shikona History**

* Ishiwata Yoshio (1931.03 - 1934.01)
* Wakashio Yoshio (1934.05 - 1949.10)

## **Sources**

* Wakashio Yoshio Japanese Wikipedia Article
* Wakashio Yoshio Rikishi Information
Wakamifuji Shigeto

Wakamifuji Shigeto - 若三藤 成豊 (born July 16, 1985) is a former Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Hirosaki, Aomori. He made his debut in March 2001 and wrestled for Magaki stable. His highest rank was makushita 14 and he retired in November 2010.

## **Early Life**

Shigeto Fujita was born on July 16, 1985, in Hirosaki, Aomori. Prior to joining professional sumo, he played table tennis. After graduating high school, he joined Magaki stable.

## **Career**

He made his professional debut in March 2001 and was given the shikona "Wakafujita" (若藤田). He initially struggled due to his inexperience in the sport and he did not reach jonidan until March 2002. He reached the sandanme division in March 2004 and was given the new shikona "Wakamifuji" (若三藤) in January 2006.

In September 2006, Wakamifuji defeated Sakaizawa on the 11th day to snap his 19 match win streak and he also defeated Sasaki on the 13th day to finish with a perfect 7-0 record. He subsequently took the sandanme yusho and was promoted to makushita for the following November 2006 tournament. In November 2006, he was promoted to the rank of makushita 14, however, he followed with four consecutive losing records and was demoted back down to sandanme in July 2007. He spent the majority of his later career in makushita with a couple stints in sandanme. He retired from sumo in November 2010.

## **Fighting Style**

Wakamifuji was a yotsu-sumo wrestler who prefers grappling to pushing and thrusting techniques. He favored a migi-yotsu (left hand outside, right hand inside) position when gripping his opponent's mawashi (belt). His most common kimarite was yorikiri, or force out.

## **Record**

### **Division Results**

* **Total:** 200-185-21/384 (59 basho)
* **Makushita:** 47-58-7/105 (16 basho)
* **Sandanme:** 93-68-7/161 (24 basho)
* **Jonidan:** 37-33-7/69 (11 basho)
* **Jonokuchi:** 23-26/49 (7 basho)

### **Championships**

* 1 **Sandanme** Championship (September 2006)

## **Shikona History**

* Fujita Shigeto (2001.03 - 2001.03)
* Wakafujita Shigeto (2001.05 - 2005.11)
* Wakamifuji Shigeto (2006.01 - 2010.11)

## **Gallery**

Wakamifuji prepares for his upcoming match (c. 2009)Wakamifuji after winning the sandanme yusho (c. 2006)
## **Sources**

* Wakamifuji Shigeto Japanese Wikipedia Article
* Wakamifuji Shigeto Rikishi Information
Tokosaku (tokoyama)

Tokosaku - 床作 (born March 6, 1979) is a Japanese professional sumo hairdresser from Kaga, Ishikawa. He debuted in the March 1996 tournament and he belongs to Oitekaze stable. He reached the Second class in January 2017.

## **Career**

* March 1996 - Joined Kiriyama stable as a tokoyama
* January 2002 - Promoted to fourth class tokoyama (yonto - 四等)
* January 2006 - Promoted to third class tokoyama (santo - 三等)
* March 2011 - Transferred to Oitekaze stable sue to the closure of Kiriyama stable
* January 2017 - Promoted to second class tokoyama (nito - 二等)
Wakamiume Masahiro

Wakamiume Masahiro - 若三梅 雅裕 (born June 1, 1983 - December 16, 2008) was a Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Wakaba Ward, Chiba City, Chiba. He made his debut in March 1999 and wrestled for Magaki stable. His highest rank was makushita 30 and he died while as an active wrestler in December 2008.

## **Career**

Masahiro Umebayashi was born in Chiba City's Wakaba Ward. After graduating from junior high school, Umebayashi joined Magaki stable and made his professional debut in March 1999. Initially wrestling under his family name, he was promoted to sandanme in March 2001 and makushita in September 2004. In January 2006, he was given the shikona "Wakamiume" (若三梅). In May 2006, he was aiming for the sandanme yusho and won his first six matches, however, he lost his final match to Maikaze.

## **Death**

He reached a career-best makushita 30 in November 2006, however, he felt uncomfortable during this tournament and withdrew from towards the end of the tournament. He was subsequently diagnosed with leukemia and withdrew from the following tournaments which resulted in him falling completely off the banzuke. He died of acute myeloid leukemia on December 16, 2008, while still an active wrestler. He was only 25 years old.

## **Fighting Style**

Wakamiune was an oshi-sumo wrestler who prefers pushing and thrusting techniques to fighting on the mawashi. His most common kimarite used was a straightforward oshidashi, or push out.

## **Record**

### **Division Results**

* **Total:** 168-153-43/320 (53 basho)
* **Makushita:** 17-17-8/34 (6 basho)
* **Sandanme:** 82-93-14/174 (27 basho)
* **Jonidan:** 61-37-14/98 (16 basho)
* **Jonokuchi:** 8-6-7/14 (3 basho)

## **Shikona History**

* Umebayashi Masahiro (1999.03 - 2005.11)
* Wakamiume Masahiro (2006.01 - 2009.01)

## **Gallery**

Wakamiume plays around with a dog (c. 2006)Wakamiume's tombstone
## **Sources**

* Wakamiume Masahiro Japanese Wikipedia Article
* Wakamiume Masahiro Rikishi Information
Antarctic Circle

**Antarctic Circle** is the most southerly of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of the Earth. Antarctica lies almost entirely south of this line.

The region south of this circle is known as the Antarctic, and the zone immediately to the north is called the Southern Temperate Zone. South of the Antarctic Circle, the sun is above the horizon for twenty-four continuous hours at least once per year, and the center of the sun (ignoring refraction) is below the horizon for twenty-four continuous hours at least once per year. Due to Earth's axial tilt, the Antarctic Circle is currently drifting southwards at a speed of about 15 m (49 ft) per year.
New Swabia

**New Swabia** (Norwegian and German: Neuschwabenland) was an Antarctic claim by Nazi Germany which later became the Norwegian territorial claim of Queen Maud Land. New Swabia is a cartographic name sometimes given to an area of Antarctica between 20°E and 10°W. New Swabia was explored by Germany in early 1939 and named after that expedition's ship, Schwabenland, itself named after the German region of Swabia.

The third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939) was led by Alfred Ritscher (1879–1963), a captain in the Nazi German Navy. On 17 December 1938, the New Swabia Expedition left Hamburg for Antarctica aboard MS Schwabenland (a freighter built in 1925 and renamed in 1934 after the Swabia region in southern Germany) which could also carry and catapult aircraft. The secret expedition had 33 members plus Schwabenland's crew of 24.

On 19 January 1939 the ship arrived at the Princess Martha Coast, in an area that Norway later claimed as Queen Maud Land, and began charting the region. Nazi German flags were placed on the sea ice along the coast. Naming the area Neu-Schwabenland after the ship, the expedition established a temporary base and in the following weeks teams walked along the coast recording claim reservations on hills and other significant landmarks. Seven photographic survey flights were made by the ship's two Dornier Wal seaplanes named Passat and Boreas.

About a dozen 1.2-meter (3.9 ft)-long aluminum arrows, with 30-centimeter (12 in) steel cones and three upper stabilizer wings embossed with swastikas, were airdropped onto the ice at turning points of the flight polygons (these arrows had been tested on the Pasterze glacier in Austria before the expedition). None of these have ever been recovered. Eight more flights were made to areas of keen interest and on these trips, some of the photos were taken with colour film. Altogether they flew over hundreds of thousands of square kilometers and took more than 16,000 aerial photographs, some of which were published after the war by Ritscher. The ice-free Schirmacher Oasis, which now hosts the Maitri and Novolazarevskaya research stations, was spotted from the air by Richardheinrich Schirmacher (who named it after himself) shortly before the Schwabenland left the Antarctic coast on 6 February 1939.

On its return trip to Germany the expedition made oceanographic studies near Bouvet Island and Fernando de Noronha, arriving back in Hamburg on 11 April 1939. Meanwhile, the Norwegian government had learned about the expedition through reports from whalers along the coast of Queen Maud Land. Although some, notably Norwegian writer Bjarne Aagaard and German geographer Ernst Herrmann, have claimed that Germany never actually occupied the territory, it is well documented that Germany issued a decree about the establishment of a German Antarctic Sector called New Swabia after the expedition's return in August 1939.
Hel

The symbol of Hel

Fenrir [Brother]

Jörmungandr [Brother]

Hel is the old goddess of death before the Raven Queen took over the domain during the Divine War. The two ruled at the same time for some period until the end of the war when Hel was removed and the domain of death was changed to the Abyss and the Raven Queen.
Tsushimanada Yakichi

Tsushimanada Yakichi - 對馬洋 弥吉 (born August 19, 1887 - February 16, 1933) was a Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Kuwa, Nagasaki. He made his debut in January 1910 and wrestled for Dewanoumi stable. He reached the makuuchi division in January 1914. His highest rank was ozeki and he retired in May 1922.

## **Early Life**

Yakichi Kawakami was born on the island Tsushima in the town of Kuwa. He was always taller than his peers and as an adult, he joined the Imperial Japanese Army, but was reccomended by his division commander to join professional sumo due to his size. He was discharged and he subsequently joined Dewanoumi stable.

## **Career**

### **Early Career**

He made his professional debut in Janaury 1910 at the age of 22 under the shikona "Tsushimanada" (對馬洋). He won the jonokuchi yusho in June 1910 and the sandanme yusho in January 1912. He reached the juryo division in May 1913 and after a 5-2-1draw record, he was immediatley promoted to makuuchi for the following January 1914 tournament.

### **Makuuchi Career**

Tsushimanada finished with a poor 1-6-3holds record in his top division debut and was demoted back to juryo in May 1914. He returned to makuuchi in January 1915 and was promoted to sekiwake in January 1916. He remained in the san'yaku ranks until a shoulder dislocation against yokozuna Otori on the second day of the January 1917 tournament forced him to withdraw. He returned to the san'yaku ranks in May 1918 and was promoted to ozeki in May 1919.

### **Ozeki Career**

Prior to his ozeki debut, Tsushimanada dislocated his shoulder again in training and was demoted back down to sekiwake in May 1920 after only two tournaments due to lackluster performances. His ranking continue to drop at a rapid pace and he retired from sumo in May 1922 while ranked at maegashira 14.

## **Retirement from Sumo**

Upon retiring from professional sumo, Tsushimanada did not obtain elder stock and left the sumo world completley. He returned to his hometown and served as the mayor. He died on February 16, 1933, at the age of 45.

## **Fighting Style**

Tsushimanada was a yotsu-sumo wrestler who prefers grappling to pushing and thrusting techniques. He favored a hidari-yotsu (right hand outside, left hand inside) position when gripping his opponent's mawashi (belt). He was fond of employing tsuri (lifting) techniques, uwatenage (overarm throw) and kotenage (armlock throw). He was the tallest wrestler in the top division of his time, standing at 1.90 m (6 ft 3 in).

## **Record**

### **Division Results**

* **Total:** 81-49-49-3d-12a/145 (22 basho)
* **Makuuchi:** 62-46-49-2d-11a/121 (17 basho)
* **Juryo:** 9-3-1d-1a/14 (2 basho)
* **Sandanme:** 5-0/5 (1 basho)
* **Jonokuchi:** 5-0/5 (1 basho)

### **Championships**

* 1 **Sandanme** Championship (January 1912)
* 1 **Jonokuchi** Championship (June 1910)

## **Shikona History**

* Tsushimanada Yakichi (1910.01 - 1922.05)

## **Sources**

* Tsushimanada Yakichi Japanese Wikipedia Article
* Tsushimanada Yakichi Rikishi Information
Davis Station

**Davis Station** is an Australian scientific research station in Antarctica. One of three permanent stations and research outposts managed by the Australian Antarctic Division, it is situated on the coast of Cooperation Sea in Princess Elizabeth Land, Ingrid Christensen Coast in the Australian Antarctic Territory.

Established 13 January 1957 in preparation for the International Geophysical Year, it was named for Captain John King Davis.
Vostok Station

**Vostok Station** is a Russian research facility in Antarctica. Located in inland Princess Elizabeth Land, the station lies at the southern Pole of Cold, with the lowest reliably measured natural temperature on Earth of −89.2 °C. It was established 16 December 1957 during the International Geophysical Year by the 2nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition.

The station is at 3,488m above sea level and is one of the most isolated established research stations on the Antarctic continent. Lake Vostok is named for it.
The World Popper Adventure Wiki

**Welcome to the The World Popper Adventure Wiki!**
We're a collaborative community website about The World Popper Adventure that anyone, including you, can build and expand. Wikis like this one depend on readers getting involved and adding content. Click the "ADD NEW PAGE" or "EDIT" button at the top of any page to get started!
Tsukahara Takaaki

Tsukahara Takaaki - 塚原 隆明 (born October 12, 1999) is a Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Koshigaya, Saitama. He made his debut in November 2017 and currently wrestles for Kasugano stable. His highest rank as of 2023 is makushita 1.

## **Early Life**

Tsukahara began sumo wrestling during his third year at Koshigaya Shiritsu Higashikoshigaya Elementary School. In addition to sumo, he also participated in swimming and baseball in elementary school.

After elementary school, he attended Koshigayashi Ritsuhigashi Junior High School, but there was no sumo club so he joined the track and field club. Still yearning to practice sumo, Tsukahara transferred to Iruma Shiritsu Kurosu Junior High School in his second year and joined the school's newly established sumo club. In his third year he won the All-Japan Junior High School Sumo Tournament and became junior high school yokozuna. He also won the team competition in the same tournament. After graduating junior high school, Tsukahara joined Saitama Sakae High School's powerhouse sumo program and was teammates with the future Oho and Kotoshoho. While in high school, he became a regular in team competitions during his first year and won team championships at the National High School Sumo Championship and Kokutai Sumo Tournament. After graduating high school, Tsukahara joined Kasugano stable.

## **Career**

Tsukahara made his professional debut in November 2017 alongside high school teammate Kotoshoho. In his first tournament he won the jonokuchi yusho after defeating Kotoshoho in a playoff. He followed with a perfect 7-0 record in March 2018 and took the jonidan yusho as well. Tsukahara reached the makushita division in November 2018 and he rose up to the rank of makushita 4 a year later in November 2019, however, he was unable to capitalize on a juryo promotion. In September 2022, Tsukahara defeated juryo-ranked Gonoyama on the final day to finish with a 4-3 record. He was promoted to a career-best makushita 2 in November 2022, but he could only manage a 3-4 record in this tournament.

## **Fighting Style**

Tsukahara is an oshi-sumo wrestler who prefers pushing and thrusting techniques to fighting on the mawashi. His most common kimarite used are oshidashi (push out) and hatakikomi (slap down).

## **Record**

### **Division Results**

* **Total:** 140-106/246 (36 basho)
* **Makushita:** 114-97/211 (30 basho)
* **Sandanme:** 13-8/21 (3 basho)
* **Jonidan:** 7-0/7 (1 basho)
* **Jonokuchi:** 6-1/7 (1 basho)

### **Championships**

* 1 **Jonidan** Championship (March 2018)
* 1 **Jonokuchi** Championship (January 2018)

## **Gallery**

Tsukahara joins alongside Oho and Kotoshoho (c. 2018)Tsukahara wins the Jonokuchi Yusho (c. 2018)Tsukahara celebrates his Jonokuchi Yusho (c. 2018)Tsukahara defeats Yoshoyama to win the Jonidan Yusho (c. 2018)Tsukahara defeats the future Oho (c. 2019)Tsukahara prepares for his upcoming match (c. 2019)Tsukahara battles Wakamotoharu in Juryo (c. 2019)Tsukahara battles Roga in Juryo (c. 2022)Tsukahara battles Ochiai in Juryo (c. 2023)
## **Sources**

* Tsukahara Takaaki Japanese Wikipedia Article
* Tsukahara Takaaki Rikishi Information
Alexander Island

**Alexander Island** is the largest island of Antarctica. It lies in the Bellingshausen Sea west of Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula, from which it is separated by Marguerite Bay and George VI Sound.

Alexander Island is about 390 kilometers long in a north–south direction, 80 kilometers wide in the north, and 240 kilometers wide in the south. Alexander Island is the second largest uninhabited island in the world, after Devon Island. George VI Ice Shelf entirely fills George VI Sound and connects Alexander Island to Palmer Land. The island partly surrounds Wilkins Sound, which lies to its west.
Brazilian Antarctic Program

**Brazilian Antarctic Program** (Portuguese: Programa Antártico Brasileiro; PROANTAR) is a program of the Brazilian Navy which has presence in the continent of Antarctica. It coordinates research and the operational support for research in the region. It currently maintains a year-round research station in Antarctica, Comandante Ferraz Antarctic Station, as well as several seasonal field camps. It also maintains two research vessels that sail in the Antarctic waters, the icebreakers *Almirante Maximiano* and *Ary Rongel*.
Operation Deep Freeze

**Operation Deep Freeze** is the codename for a series of United States missions to Antarctica.

## Operation Deep Freeze I

Operation Deep Freeze I transpired over the Antarctic summer of November 1955 to April 1956. It prepared permanent research station Little America V for the International Geophysical Year. The expedition was filmed by the U.S. Navy and Walt Disney Studios. It completed all its objectives:

* Nine successful long-range exploratory flights
* Construction of main base at Little America
* Assembly of materials for Byrd Station at Little America
* Construction of U. S. Naval Air Operating Facility at McMurdo Sound
* Assembly of materials for Pole Station at the aforesaid AirOpFac
* Location of a site for joint New Zealand-United States IGY Station in the northern part of Victoria Land
* Location of an IGY base site at Vincennes Bay, Knox Coast
* Exploration of Princess Astrid Coast for location of Gap Station
* Location of IGY base site in the vicinity of the Weddell Sea

## Operation Deep Freeze II

Operation Deep Freeze II in 1956-57 was intended to build a permanent station at the South Pole along with establishment of three other IGY stations, Byrd Station in Marie Byrd Land, Wilkes Station in Vincennes Bay, and Ellsworth Station on the Filchner Ice Shelf.

## Operation Deep Freeze III

Operation Deep Freeze III ran from 1 July 1957 through 31 December 1958. It transported scientific personnel and supplies to the continent and provided logistical support for IGY research.
Station B

**Station B** was a British research facility on Deception Island.

The British expedition Operation Tabarin was launched in 1943 under the pretense of patrolling the Antarctic for German commerce raiders and U-boats that threatened Allied shipping. The expedition resulted in the establishment of a number of bases, including in 1944, a permanent scientific base named Station B. It was occupied until 5 December 1967, when a volcanic eruption forced a temporary withdrawal. It was used again between 4 December 1968 and 23 February 1969, when further volcanic activity caused it to be abandoned.

A graveyard was established and used mainly during the whaling era. Arthur H Farrant of the Falklands Islands Dependencies Survey died 17 November 1953 and was buried there. It was destroyed by mudflows during volcanic eruptions.
Halley Research Station

**Halley Research Station** is a research facility in Antarctica. Operated by the British Antarctic Survey, the base was established on the Brunt Ice Shelf in 1956 to study the Earth's atmosphere for the International Geophysical Year.

It was originally named Halley Bay Base, after the bay on which it was situated, which in turn was named after the astronomer Edmond Halley. The name was changed in 1977 as the original bay had disappeared because of changes in the ice shelf.
Lake Vostok

**Lake Vostok** is the largest of Antarctica's almost four hundred known subglacial lakes. It is located at the southern Pole of Cold, under the surface of the central East Antarctic Ice Sheet beneath Russia's Vostok Station.

The surface of this fresh water lake is approximately 4000m under the surface of the ice, which places it at approximately 500m below sea level.
Measuring 250km long by 50km wide at its widest point, it covers an area of 12,500km2 making it the sixteenth largest lake in the world by surface area. With an average depth of 432m, it has an estimated volume of 5,400 km3, making it the sixth largest lake by volume. The lake is divided into two deep basins by a ridge. The liquid water depth over the ridge is about 200m, compared to roughly 400m deep in the northern basin and 800m deep in the southern.

The lake is named after Vostok Station, which in turn is named after *Vostok*, a sloop-of-war ship, which means "East" in Russian. Russian geographer Andrey Kapitsa used seismic soundings in the region of Vostok Station made during the Soviet Antarctic Expedition in 1959 and 1964 to measure the thickness of the ice sheet. Kapitsa was the first to suggest the existence of a subglacial lake in the region, and the subsequent research confirmed his hypothesis.
Tokitsunami Tomonori

Tokitsunami Tomonori - 時津浪 朋納 (born July 27, 1934 - August 11, 1996) was a Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Sannohe, Aomori. He made his debut in September 1953 and last wrestled for Tokitsukaze stable. He reached the juryo division in January 1961. His highest rank was juryo 4 and he retired in May 1965.

## **Career**

Born in Sannohe, Aomori, Wada joined Tokitsukaze stable and made his professional debut in September 1953. Initially, he failed to meet the height requirement of 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in), but stablemate Yokozuna Kagamisato directly asked Chairman Dewanoumi to make an exception. Wrestling under the shikona "Tokitsunami" (時津浪), he won the jonidan yusho in his second tournament with a perfect 8-0 record. He was promoted to sandanme in March 1954 and makushita in September 1956. In November 1960, he posted a 4-3 record at the rank of makushita 1 and was promoted to juryo for the January 1961 tournament.

Tokitsunami was ranked in juryo for a total of 23 tournaments. In March 1962, while ranked at his highest rank of juryo 4, he defeated makuuchi wrestler Naruyama on the 12th day. However, he finished the tournament with a 6-9 record and never managed to make it to the top division. He fell down to makushita on three separate occasions but always managed to return to juryo. After falling down to makushita for a fourth time in March 1965, Tokitsunami retired from after the following May 1965 tournament.

## **Retirement from Sumo**

He retired from sumo in May 1965. After retiring, he ran a sumo teahouse in Chiba prefecture before opening up a chanko restaurant in Koto, Tokyo, called "Chanko Tokitsunami" (ちゃんこ 時津浪).

### **Death**

He suffered a cerebral infarction at the age of 60 and died on August 11, 1996, at the age of 62. After his death, his daughter has since took over the restaurant and in a 2018 sumo magazine article, she stated that Tokitsunami was not afraid of dying as he would see his stablemaster, the 35th Yokozuna Futabayama again.

## **Fighting Style**

Tokitsunami was a yotsu-sumo wrestler who prefers grappling to pushing and thrusting techniques. He favored a migi-yotsu (left hand outside, right hand inside) position when gripping his opponent's mawashi (belt). His most common kimarite was yorikiri, or force out.

## **Record**

### **Division Results**

* **Total:** 328-325-1/653 (63 basho)
* **Juryo:** 156-189/345 (23 basho)
* **Makushita:** 119-98-1/217 (28 basho)
* **Sandanme:** 42-38/80 (10 basho)
* **Jonidan:** 8-0/8 (1 basho)
* **Shinjo:** 3-0/3 (1 basho)

### **Championships**

* 1 **Jonidan** Championship (January 1954)

## **Shikona History**

* Wada Tomonori (1953.09 - 1954.03)
* Tokitsunami Akinori (1954.05 - 1961.01)
* Tokitsunami Tomonori (1961.03 - 1965.05)

## **Gallery**

Tokitsunami with his kesho-mawashiTokitsunami's retirement ceremony (c. 1965)Tokitsunami's chanko restaurant: "Tokitsunami" (時津浪)
## **Sources**

* Tokitsunami Tomonori Japanese Wikipedia Article
* Tokitsunami Tomonori Rikishi Information
Wakakaze Manabu

Wakakaze Manabu - 若風 学 (born June 26, 1971) is a former Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Aomori City, Aomori. He made his debut in March 1987 and wrestled for Futagoyama stable. His highest rank was makushita 3 and he retired in January 2000.

## **Early Life**

Aiba began sumo wrestling when he was in elementary school and he participated in prefectural-level tournaments. He continued to sumo wrestle during his time at Aomori Shiritsu Shinjo Junior High School and still competed on the prefectural level. He was later recruited into Futagoyama stable by Shibatayama Oyakata (former komusubi Wakajishi).

## **Career**

He made his professional debut in March 1987 and initially wrestled under the shikona "Soma" (相馬). He was promoted to sandanme in May 1988 and makushita in September 1989. After that, he fell back down to sandanme due to an illness, but in May 1991, he was given the shikona "Wakakaze" (若風). He reached a career-best makushita 3 rank in March 1995, but was unable to capitalize on a juryo promotion.

From 1994 to his retirement in January 2000, Wakakaze served as the official bow-twirler to mark the end of the tournament day.

## **Retirement from Sumo**

Wakakaze retired from sumo in January 2000. After retiring, he got a job at a transportation company and was also involved in amateur sumo.

## **Fighting Style**

Wakakaze was proficient in both yotsu-sumo (grappling) and oshi-sumo (pushing and thrusting) techniques. His most often used winning kimarite was yorikiri (force out), followed by oshidashi (push out).

## **Record**

### **Division Results**

* **Total:** 284-248-7/532 (78 basho)
* **Makushita:** 199-193-7/392 (57 basho)
* **Sandanme:** 53-38/91 (13 basho)
* **Jonidan:** 27-15/42 (6 basho)
* **Jonokuchi:** 5-2/7 (1 basho)

## **Shikona History**

* Soma (1987.03 - 1991.03)
* Wakakaze Manabu (1991.05 - 2000.01)

## **Gallery**

Wakakaze performs the bow-twirling ceremony (c. 2000)Wakakaze's retirement ceremony (c. 2000)
## **Sources**

* Wakakaze Manabu Japanese Wikipedia Article
* Wakakaze Manabu Rikishi Information
Tokisoma Baira

Tokisoma Baira - 時蒼馬 馬苛 (born September 1, 1998) is a Mongolian professional sumo wrestler from Ulaanbaatar. He made his debut in September 2017 and currently wrestles for Tokitsukaze stable. His highest rank as of 2023 is makushita 25.

## **Early Life**

Ankhbayar Batbayar was born and raised in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. His uncle held the rank equivalent of yokozuna in Mongolian wrestling and was good friends with yokozuna Hakuho's father, Jigjidiin Monkhbat. He came to Japan as an exchange student and attended Kibogaoka Senior High School, where he was also a member of the school's sumo club. After graduating high school, he spent around a month at Hakuho's Miyagino stable where he practiced and got acquainted with stable lifestyle. He was then recruited to join Tokitsukaze stable in April 2017.

## **Career**

He was given the shikona "Yoshoyama" (陽翔山) and wrestled his first tournament on September 2019. In March 2018, he was aiming for the jonidan yusho, but lost his last match to finish with a 6-1 record. He was promoted to sandanme two tournaments later, but could only last there for one tournament. In his return to jonidan, Yoshoyama produced yet another 6-1 record and was immediately promoted back to sandanme. After four straight 4-3 records, he was promoted to makushita in July 2019. Yoshoyama struggled to maintain a position in makushita and was demoted back to sandanme immediately. In September 2020, he returned back to makushita. In March 2022, he was given the shikona "Tokisoma" (時蒼馬).

## **Fighting Style**

Yoshoyama is a yotsu-sumo wrestler who prefers grappling to pushing and thrusting techniques. He won most of his bouts with a straightforward yorikiri, or force out. His second most common kimarite in oshidashi, or push out.

## **Record**

### **Division Results**

* **Total:** 129-116/245 (36 basho)
* **Makushita:** 50-62/112 (16 basho)
* **Sandanme:** 59-46/105 (15 basho)
* **Jonidan:** 16-5/21 (3 basho)
* **Jonokuchi:** 4-3/7 (1 basho)

## **Shikona History**

* Yoshoyama Baichi (2017.09 - 2022.01)
* Tokisoma Baira (2022.03 - )

## **Gallery**

Tokisoma gets measured upon joining sumo (c. 2017)Tokisoma during his time in Maezumo (c. 2017)Tokisoma prepares for his upcoming match (c. 2022)
Casey Station

**Casey Station** is an Australian scientific research station in Antarctica. One of three permanent stations and research outposts managed by the Australian Antarctic Division, Casey lies on the northern side of the Bailey Peninsula overlooking Vincennes Bay on the Budd Coast of Wilkes Land in the Australian Antarctic Territory.

It was built as a replacement for Wilkes Station.
International Geophysical Year

**International Geophysical Year** was an international scientific project that lasted from 1 July 1957 to 31 December 1958. Sixty-seven countries participated in projects encompassing eleven Earth sciences. A major component was the study of Antarctica, a land heretofore largely unknown.

## Antarctic Focus

IGY triggered an eighteen-month period of Antarctic science. The International Council of Scientific Unions, a parent body, broadened the proposals from polar studies to geophysical research. More than seventy existing national scientific organizations then formed IGY committees, and participated in the cooperative effort.

Australia established its Davis Station in 1957, in the Vestfold Hills. As a part of the IGY activities, a two-man camp was installed beside Taylor Glacier, 60 miles (97 km) west of Mawson Station, its first permanent base on the Antarctic continent. Its principal purpose was to enable parallactic photography of the aurora australis (thus locating it in space), but it also permitted studies of Emperor penguins in the adjacent rookery.

The United States built Wilkes Station for the IGY. Australia took over its operation two years later. Halley Research Station was founded in 1956 at Halley Bay by an expedition from the British Royal Society. Showa Station, the first Japanese base in Antarctica, was set up in January 1957. France contributed Dumont d'Urville Station and Charcot Station in Adelie Land. Belgium established the King Baudouin Base in 1958. The Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station was erected as the first permanent structure at the South Pole in January 1957.

## Trivia

* It was a popular topic for postage stamps.
* It was the topic of a 2017 exhibition at the Scott Polar Research Institute's Polar Museum named "The Year That Made Antarctica".

## Gallery

*Boys Life*
November 1957
Palmer Land

**Palmer Land** is a region of Antarctica. It is the portion of the Antarctic Peninsula that lies south of a line joining Cape Jeremy and Cape Agassiz at roughly 69° S. It is named for Captain Nathaniel B. Palmer, an American sealer who explored the Antarctic Peninsula area southward of Deception Island in the sloop *Hero* in November, 1820.

In its southern extreme, Palmer Land borders Ellsworth Land along the 80° W line of longitude. It is bounded in the south by the ice-covered Carlson Inlet, an arm of the Filchner Ice Shelf, which crosses the 80° W line. This is the base of Cetus Hill.
Wasa Research Station

**Wasa Research Station** is a Swedish research facility in Antarctica. It is situated next to the Finnish Aboa Research Station on the Basen nunatak in the Kraul Mountains in Queen Maud Land. Established in 1988, it was named for the seventeenth-century salvaged warship *Wasa* or *Vasa*, which had just been moved to its new museum home.
Berkner Island

**Berkner Island** is an Antarctic ice rise. It is surrounded by the Filchner and Ronne ice shelves, separating them. Bedrock below sea level has caused the surrounding ice sheet to create a dome, so the island is completely ice-covered. It is about 150km) west of Luitpold Coast, Coats Land, and lies in the overlapping portion of the Argentine and the British Antarctic territorial claims.

It is about 320 kilometers long and 150 kilometers wide, with an area of 44,000 km2. It is characterized by two domes, Reinwarthhöhe rises 698m in the north, and Thyssenhöhe reaches 869m in the south.
Scott Base

**Scott Base** is a scientific research station in Antarctica. It is located at Pram Point on Ross Island near Mount Erebus in the Ross Dependency. It was originally constructed in support of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition and also for the International Geophysical Year. By road, it is three kilometers from the United States' McMurdo Station.
Deception Island

**Deception Island** is one of the South Shetland Islands. Located within the Bransfield Strait, it is the caldera of an active volcano, roughly circular and horseshoe-shaped.

The highest peak, Mont Pond on the east side of the island, has an elevation of 539m, while Mount Kirkwood on the west has an elevation of 452m.

## Research Stations

* Station B
* Deception Station
* President Pedro Aguirre Cerda Station
* Gutiérrez Vargas Refuge
* Gabriel de Castilla Base

## Gallery

Argentina issued this stamp in 1998 to commemorate its research station there, even though the base had been abandoned decades ago.
Peter I Island

**Peter I Island** is a region of Antarctica claimed by Norway. However, since the Antarctic Treaty came into force in 1961, most countries do not recognize territorial claims in Antarctica. It is an uninhabited volcanic island in the Bellingshausen Sea, 450 kilometers from continental Antarctica.

Peter I Island is eleven by nineteen kilometers and 156 square kilometres. The tallest peak is the ultra and 1,640-meter tall Lars Christensen Peak. Nearly all of the island is covered by a glacier and it is surrounded most of the year by pack ice, making it inaccessible during these times. There is little vertebrate animal life on the island apart from some seabirds and seals.
Maitri Research Station

**Maitri Research Station** is an Indian research facility in Antarctica. It is situated in the rocky mountainous region called Schirmacher Oasis on the Princess Astrid Coast in Queen Maud Land.

Work on the station was first started by the Indian Expedition which landed there in Dec 1984, and the first huts were started by the IV Antarctica Expedition and completed in 1989. Meaning "Friendship," the name was suggested by the then-Prime Minister of India, Mrs. Indira Gandhi.
Troll Station

**Troll Station** is a Norwegian research facility in Antarctica. It is constructed on the snow-free slope of solid rock breaking through the ice sheet at Jutulsessen, located 1,275 metres above mean sea level, in the eastern part of Princess Martha Coast in Queen Maud Land.

The station took its name from the surrounding jagged mountains, which resemble trolls of Norse mythology.
Neumayer-Station III

**Neumayer-Station III** is a German research facility in Antarctica. It is located on the approximately two-hundred-meter-thick Ekström Ice Shelf in Queen Maud Land, several kilometers south of Neumayer-Station II. Named after geophysicist Georg von Neumayer, operation of the station began 20 February 2009.
International Polar Year

**International Polar Year** is a recurring event that focuses science and education on Earth's remote polar regions. There have been four of these years since its inception in 1882.

## First International Polar Year

In 1875, Austro-Hungarian naval officer Karl Weyprecht proposed a coordinated scientific approach to researching Arctic phenomena. Over the next seven years, Georg Neumayer, director of the German Maritime Observatory, organized the first IPY, which had twelve participating nations: the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom, Canada, and United States. From 1882 to 1883, they operated twelve stations in the Arctic and two in the sub-Antarctic.

## Second International Polar Year

The International Meteorological Organization proposed and promoted the second IPY (1932–1933). Shortly after World War I, mysterious behavior in telegraph, radio, electric power, and telephone lines convinced engineers and scientists that the electrical geophysics of the Earth needed more study. Forty-four countries participated, but due to the Great Depression, the plan of erecting a network of stations in Antarctica had to be abandoned.

## Third International Polar Year

*Main article: International Geophysical Year*

International Geophysical Year was an international scientific project that lasted from 1 July 1957 to 31 December 1958. Sixty-seven countries participated in projects encompassing eleven Earth sciences. A major component was the study of Antarctica, a land heretofore largely unknown.

## Fourth International Polar Year

The fourth IPY was sponsored by the International Council for Science and the World Meteorological Organization. The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research assumed responsibility for coordinating all IPY-related Antarctic research. The IPY included intensive research and observation periods in the Arctic and Antarctic from 1 March 2007 until its conclusion 12 June 2010 at the IPY Oslo Science Conference.

## Trivia

* It has been a popular topic for postage stamps.
Stargate SG-1

**Stargate SG-1** is an American television series.

## Summary

A team of explorers use alien technology to travel the galaxy.

## Antarctic Connections

Antarctica was the place the Ancients stationed Atlantis. When they departed, they left behind the original, far more ancient Stargate there. When Colonel Jack O'Neill and Captain Samantha Carter emerged through this "beta gate", they believed they had been transported to an ice planet, but they were actually about fifty miles from McMurdo Station.

After discovering the Stargate in Antarctica, a research team was set up to determine the impact of this information against current knowledge of the Ancients and the gate network. This team found the remains of two Jaffa and the preserved body of a frozen being of the first Ancient race, or so it was believed.

Two years later, SG-1 uncovered the Atlantis outpost, the remaining station where the lost city of Atlantis once existed.

Antarctica was the location of the final battle of Earth's forces against Anubis. With Anubis disposed for the time being, talks were formed with eleven countries around Earth about the Antarctic Treaty and its relation to the scientific research that was to be conducted by the United States of America.
Australian Antarctic Territory

**Australian Antarctic Territory** is an area of Antarctica administered by the Australian Antarctic Division. It consists of all the islands and territory south of 60°S and between 45°E and 160°E, except for Adélie Land (136°E to 142°E).

It is bounded by Queen Maud Land in the West and by Ross Dependency in the East.

The Australian Antarctic Division administers the area primarily by maintaining three year-round stations, Mawson, Davis, and Casey.

The territory's history dates to a claim on Enderby Land made by the United Kingdom in 1841, which was subsequently expanded and eventually transferred to Australia in 1933. It is the largest territory of Antarctica claimed by any nation by area. In 1961, the Antarctic Treaty, though it does not renounce or diminish any preexisting claims to sovereignty, does not prejudice the position of Contracting Parties in their recognition or non-recognition of territorial sovereignty; as a result, only four other countries, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, France, and Norway, recognize Australia's claim to sovereignty in Antarctica.
Antarctic Treaty

**Antarctic Treaty** is a set of agreements that regulate international relations with respect to Antarctica.

For the purposes of the treaty system, Antarctica is defined as all of the land and ice shelves south of sixty degrees south latitude. The treaty entered into force in 1961 and currently has 54 parties. The treaty sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and bans military activity on the continent.

## Trivia

* It has been a frequent topic for postage stamps.
Ernest Shackleton

**Ernest Shackleton** (15 February 1874 – 5 January 1922) was an Irish explorer. He led three British expeditions to Antarctica.

Shackleton's first experience of the polar regions was as third officer in Captain Robert Falcon Scott's *Discovery* expedition of 1901–1904, from which he was sent home early on health grounds, after he and his companions Scott and Edward Adrian Wilson set a new southern record by marching to latitude 82°S.

During the *Nimrod* expedition of 1907 to 1909, he and three companions established a new record Farthest South latitude at 88°S, only 97 geographical miles (112 statute miles or 180 kilometres) from the South Pole. Also, members of his team climbed Mount Erebus, the most active Antarctic volcano. For these achievements, Shackleton was knighted by King Edward VII upon his return home.

After the race to the South Pole ended in December 1911 with Roald Amundsen's conquest, Shackleton turned his attention to the crossing of Antarctica from sea to sea, via the pole. He made preparations for what became the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1914–1917. Disaster struck this expedition when its ship, *Endurance*, became trapped in pack ice and was slowly crushed before the shore parties could be landed. The crew escaped by camping on the sea ice until it disintegrated, then by launching the lifeboats to reach Elephant Island and ultimately South Georgia Island, a stormy ocean voyage of 720 nautical miles (1,330 km; 830 mi) and Shackleton's most famous exploit. In 1921, he returned to the Antarctic with the Shackleton–Rowett Expedition, but died of a heart attack while his ship was moored in South Georgia. At his wife's request, he was buried there.
Chilean Antarctic Territory

**Chilean Antarctic Territory** is a region of Antarctica claimed by Chile. However, since the Antarctic Treaty came into force in 1961, most countries do not recognize territorial claims in Antarctica. It ranges from 53° West to 90° West and from the South Pole to the 60° South parallel, partially overlapping the Argentine and British Antarctic claims.

## Research Stations

Chile operates four permanent bases in the territory, Base Frei, Base O'Higgins, Base Arturo Prat, and Base Prof. Julio Escudero. Five seasonal bases operate only during the summer: Estación Glaciar Unión, Base Yelcho, Base Doctor Guillermo Mann, Base Gonzalez Videla, and Base Carvajal. Chile also maintains four small shelters for occasional research or emergency purposes, Refugio Julio Ripamonti, Refugio Luis Risopatrón, Refugio General Jorge Boonen Rivera, and Refugio Collins.
Mawson Station

**Mawson Station** is an Australian scientific research station in Antarctica. One of three permanent stations and research outposts managed by the Australian Antarctic Division, it lies in Holme Bay in Mac Robertson Land in the Australian Antarctic Territory. Established in 1954, Mawson is Australia's oldest Antarctic station and the oldest continuously inhabited Antarctic station south of the Antarctic Circle.
Ross Ice Shelf

**Ross Ice Shelf** is the largest ice shelf of Antarctica. It is roughly 500,809 square kilometres (193,363 sq mi), about 800 kilometres (500 mi) across, and several hundred metres thick. It is mostly in the Ross Dependency claimed by New Zealand. It floats in and covers a large southern portion of the Ross Sea including all of Roosevelt Island.