632 e.v.

## Asia

Seondeok is crowned queen of Silla (Korea).

The 632 Armenian earthquake affects the region of the Armenian Highlands.

Xuanzang, Chinese traveler, writes about two huge statues of Buddha carved out of a mountainside in the Bamiyan Valley (Afghanistan).

Al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra, Arab general, is born (he will die in 702). Abu Dujana, companion of Muhammad, dies. Ibrahim ibn Muhammad, son of Muhammad, dies. Abdullah ibn Suhayl is martyred (he was born in 594), as is Abu Hudhayfa ibn Utba (who was born in 581), Salim Mawla Abu Hudhayfa (who was born in 595), and Zayd ibn al-Khattab. Musaylimah, Arabian prophet, dies.

### March

#### 6th

**Friday, 9 Zulhijja, 10 AH:** The Farewell Sermon (Khuṭbatu l-Wadāʿ) is delivered by Muhammad, Islamic prophet, in the Uranah valley of Mount Arafat, to the Muslims who have accompanied him for the Hajj (pilgrimage).

#### 18th

Muhammad makes his final sermon to the Muslims.

### June

Abu Bakr, also known as *Abdallah ibn Uthman ibn Amir* and better known by his Islamic laqab *Al-Siddiq*, became the caliph.

#### 8th

Muhammad dies at Medina at the age of 63, after an illness and fever, and is succeeded by Abu Bakr who becomes the first caliph (viceregent of the messenger of God). He establishes the Rashidun Caliphate until 661. Dominic summons Gabriel to Heaven to try him for heresy. The archangel of Fire storms angrily out of the Seraphim Council and begins his self-imposed exile from Heaven. Soon thereafter, Gabriel begins assuming female form more often.

Muhammad's final sermon is believed by Shia to be the appointment of Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor. The Imamah (Shia doctrine) of Ali Ibn Abi Talib, for the religious, spiritual and political leadership of the Ummah, starts.

**Ridda Wars:** Abu Bakr launches a series of military campaigns against rebel Arabian tribes, to re-establish the power of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, and to secure Muhammad's legacy.

#### 16th

Yazdegerd III, age 8, ascends to the throne as king (shah) of the Persian Empire. He becomes the last ruler of the Sassanid Dynasty (modern Iran).

### September

**Battle of Buzakha:** An Islamic column (6,000 men) under Khalid ibn al-Walid defeats the Apostate rebels under Tulayha, near Ha'il (Saudi Arabia).

### December

**Battle of Aqraba:** The Muslim forces of Abu Bakr defeat the Apostate rebels (40,000 men) under Musaylimah, on the plain of Aqraba.

## Europe

Vindicianus, bishop of Cambrai, is born.

Chilperic, son of Charibert II, dies.

### April 8

King Charibert II is assassinated at Blaye (Gironde), possibly on orders of his half-brother Dagobert I, along with his infant son. Dagobert I claims Aquitaine and Gascony, becoming the most powerful Merovingian king in the West. Part of Samo's rebellion, Alciocus leads 9,000 Bulgars from Pannonia to refuge with Dagobert (who massacres them), then, with 700 survivors, settles with the Wends, under the protection of Walluc.

Kubrat, ruler of the Dulo clan, takes power from the Pannonian Avars and establishes Old Great Bulgaria in the area of Black Cumania. Kubrat's rule stretches from Dacia to Poltava.

### October

#### 12th

Edwin of Northumbria, king of Deira and Bernicia

#### 29th

Saint Colman mac Duagh, Irish abbot and bishop