recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Iguanodon

## Name & Basics

Genus: *Iguanodon*

Name Means: Iguana Tooth

Lived During: Jurassic Period to Cretaceous Period

This dinosaur will come up in the middle third of the World of Dinosaurs Fall 2020 course. See the syllabus for more.

## Anatomy

* Check out the unusual thumb spike on it's forelimbs. This feature was quite mysterious upon first discovery and was the focus of a number of interpretations that, while we may think of them as comical today, are an important showcase for how we go about it assessing what a fefature may be and how our interpretations evolve.
* Check out Scott Hartman's fantastic Skeleton reconstruction here: https://www.skeletaldrawing.com/ornithiscians/iguanodon

## Phylogeny

Here's a hierarchical view. Click the links for more info, including cladograms.

Dinosauria

* Ornithischia
	+ Ornithopoda
		- Iguanodontidae

## Biomechanics

* What is the thumb spike for?
* Look at some of the features in its skull that are forming that basis for more derived forms of chewing we'll be seeing in other ornithopods
Allosaurus

## Name

*Allosaurus*

Name means: Other Lizard

Lived during: Jurassic Period

## Anatomy

Check out this AWESOME 3D model of an entire skeleton, courtesy of our colleagues in Japan, who have offered it for viewing on sketchfab:

## Fossil Record

* + *Allosaurus fragilis* is the State Fossil of Utah, as there are a huge number of specimens found there.

## Biogeography

Links to images, 3D models, etc.

This dinosaur will come up in the first third of the World of Dinosaurs Fall 2020 course. See the syllabus for more.
Observations & Interpretations

## How do we talk about science ideas in this class?

Discussions in school, social settings, and social media often emphasize the difference between FACTS and OPINIONS.

In our class, the framework of facts and opinions is less useful, so we will not use these terms much.

Instead, we will learn to distinguish observations and interpretations.

## Observations

An observation is something we can observe. We can use our senses to see, smell, taste, etc.

In general, an observation is something we don't need to argue about, because anyone equipped with the opportunity to make the observation will get the same overall impression.

Examples:

* "Amir is wearing shorts."
* "This rock is heavy."
* "This dog is fluffy."
* "I smell a sulfurous odor."

## Interpretations

Interpretations include statements, thoughts, and questions that we create by mixing observations with OTHER information.

We might be mixing a direct observation we make right now, and comparing it to direct observations we made in the past.

We might mix in concepts or histories we've learned formally – in school, in a book, on the web, via journalism, etc.

In general, it makes sense to debate interpretations! Two different people might observe the same event, but come away with very different interpretations due to their own previous experience, attitude, expectations, etc.

Examples:

* Observation: "Amir is wearing shorts in this photograph."
	+ Interpretation: "That photo must be from the summer time."
	+ Alternate interpretation: "Amir wears shorts all year round, so I have no idea what time of year it was."

* Observation: "This rock is heavy."
	+ Interpretation: "Someone picked this rock up and put it here in this meadow, because it couldn't have rolled from that mountain over there all by itself."
	+ Alternate interpretation: "A glacier picked up this rock from far away and left it here long ago."

* Observation: "This dog is fluffy."
	+ Interpretation: "Oooooooooooooooh! This dog is the CUTEST!"
	+ Alternate interpretation: \*sneeze\* "I need to get out of here! What an ugly dog!" \*sneeze\*
* Observation: "I smell a sulfurous odor."
	+ Interpretation: "Steve farted!!"
	+ Alternate interpretation: "No! The fluffy dog farted!"

## How to use observations and interpretations

These tools help us have civil and practical discussions, even if we strongly disagree about a specific interpretation.

When we make an interpretation that is different from another person, we can discuss:

* What direct and indirect observations have we made in the *past* that inform our interpretations?
* What *experience, education, or expectations* are we incorporating into our interpretations?
* What *additional observations* could we make that might change our interpretation?

Science is changing all the time – the big ideas, the little specifics, the predictions about future events – it's always changing.

Science is changing because scientists constantly make new observations and re-organize their interpretations.
Cricketpaw

**Cricketpaw** is a small tom with a round little head.

## History

Cricketpaw was born to Swiftleap and Duskwhisker alongside Burnetfang, and was a tiny runt at birth. His weakness led to his graduation being held back, and he remained an apprentice once Burnetfang had become a warrior. While on a lone expedition into the Conifer Grove that HollowClan now called home, he fell from a collapsed branch in a freak accident and was killed. Duskwhisker was the first to find him. Cricketpaw’s death led to the HollowClan apprentices being confined to camp for some time.

### First Leaf-fall

Cricketpaw's recent death still lingers over HollowClan. He is first mentioned in the thoughts of Adderstar and Stagleap, when Stagleap reports the fox-scent in their borders to Adderstar. Meanwhile, the apprentices Sappaw and Toadpaw are frustrated that Cricketpaw's death has led to their confinement. After Darkspring's training session in camp, Toadpaw wishes that Cricketpaw was still alive, as the two had been friends despite their age difference.

Later, after the patrol has returned from killing the fox, Toadpaw exclaims that it's not his fault Cricketpaw was a lousy climber while protesting the apprentices' confinement to camp. Birchthroat is horrified, though reflects that some part of his emotional response is due to having known Cricketpaw better through his frequent visits to Birchthroat's den. Stagleap, meanwhile, assures Toadpaw that he knows it wasn't his fault and promises to discuss it with Adderstar. Toadpaw apologises for his outburst.

The next day, Adderstar mentions Cricketpaw's death having been a warning of the dangers of unsupervised apprentices, though agrees to lift the apprentices' confinement after Stagleap raises the issue. When Mothdust sees her daughter go with the rest of the hunting patrol, she recalls Cricketpaw's accident though is ultimately glad to see them going out. Ivytooth later thinks of Cricketpaw alongside the apprentices' hunting patrol, concerned for her son Toadpaw, while Darkspring recalls Cricketpaw and Burnetfang's birth back when she was an apprentice herself, and regrets Cricketpaw's young death.

Duskwhisker thinks of Cricketpaw while getting prey for himself and his family, wondering if he ever even knew what Cricketpaw's favourite prey was.
Max Lord (Old)

```
Spoilers on this page, Alex please turn away!!

```

Maxwell Lord is the former manger of Justice League International. He also is a current member of Unknown. Due to the actions of his other self the world in general has forgotten who he was and those who do remember hate him for his other self's actions.

## History

He was the force behind the first Justice League International team, bringing them together and aiding their efforts. And while at first it was at the beckoning of an evil AI named Kilg%re, he later fought back against the AI and decided to become an actual good guy. He later discovered his latent meta gene which was activated during one of the many major events the earth has gone through.

When Kil%re revived Maxwell he also made a cybernetic copy just in case. This copy stayed turned off until the original Maxwell had erased everyone's memories of him. Kil%re suffered major glitches and the copy woke up. Maxwell had no clue what was happening or why no one seemed to know who he was but using old Justice League databases that hadn't been updated since the Checkmate incident he was able to piece together that a "fake" him had been running around ruining his good name.

He was not confident in his ability to convince the justice League of that though so instead did what he could to set up some sort of life for himself. Gears in his mind were turning though on how to return to the hero community.

More recently he joined the team Unknown as their PR agent. He has claimed he was under mind control during the events involving Checkmate in order to avoid telling the outlandish truth.
Young Justice (Old)

### Current Members

Superboy (Kon-El), Impulse (Bart Allen), Red Robin, Jinny Hex, Teen Lantern, Aqualad (Jackson Hyde), Spoiler, Blue Beetle (III), Red Tornado (John Smith),

### Former Members

Empress, Secret, Slobo, Cissie King-Jones

### Allies

Young Justice Dark, Teen Titans East, Slobo

### Enemies

Harm,

Young Justice is a superhero team that is more like a club, due to the fact that they work out of Young Justice Clubhouse they are able to deal with problems anywhere in the world. They closely work with Young Justice Dark
Jurassic Period

## When was it?

We currently estimate that the Jurassic Period began 201.3 Million Years ago, and ended 145 Million Years Ago.

## How do we "know" that's when it was?

We interpret the age and order of rocks and fossils in Earth history by using two very different methods:

* We look at rocks and fossils to interpret what age of the Geologic Time Scale during which they probably formed. This is commonly called "Relative Dating", and generates a "Relative Geologic Age".
	+ These features are common in Jurassic rocks - you may find some while exploring Utah or other places!
		- Sea shell fossils:
			* ammonites with an extremely fancy ammonitic suture.
		- Plant Fossils:
			* pollen ...
* We also measure the number of certain rare isotopes (atoms that form the same element, but have different numbers of neutrons) inside minerals of a rock, and this helps us estimate a number-of-years age for the rock. We call this "Chronometry" (time measure), or "Absolute Dating", which generates an "Absolute Age".
	+ These isotope groups are useful for studying rocks of Jurassic age:
		- Argon-Argon
		- Uranium-Lead

## What were the continents like?

Pangea was still together at the start of the Jurassic Period, but it started to rift (break) apart at the beginning of the Jurassic. By the end of the Jurassic Period, Pangea was officially split up into a bunch of different continents. These continents continued to move apart, until they look a lot more recognizable on a map of the Cretaceous world.

## What kinds of ecosystems lives on Earth during the Jurassic Period?

* At sea:
	+ Creepy drifting ammonoids and giant water monsters
	+ gentle meadows and hills of sea sponges
	+ coral reefs
	+ a few disasters
* On land:
	+ forests and sedge, but no grass or flowers!
	+ Plenty of volcanic island arcs (think: Aleutian archipelago - the long tail running west along Alaska; or the islands that create the nations of Japan or Thailand)
UUDino Wiki

This wiki is PLAIN LANGUAGE hub to help students connect ideas and concepts from class.

Favorite Pages:

* Groups of Related Dinosaurs
* Geologic Time
* Earth Through Time & Dinosaurs through Time

Full index at: Local Sitemap!

## Featured this Week

File:RochaCampos etal 2019 cathodluminescencezircons

## Why this WIKI?

The World of Dinosaurs class taught at the University of Utah serves 100-200 non-science-major undergraduates each fall and spring semester. Instructors rotate. In the shadow of COVID-19, professor Ritterbush is creating this wiki to expand the ease, accessibility, mobile convenience, and options for content use by students starting the course in Fall 2020. Award-winning Teaching Assistant and PhD Candidate Nick Hebdon is creating and linking content for the site throughout the 2020-2021 academic year.

Keep this wiki friendly!

1. Do not **bog down** pages with unnecessary detail or jargon.
2. Do not spread misinformation or garbage.
Stoneclaw

**Stoneclaw** is a tom with an unknown description.

## History

Stoneclaw was the mate of Mothdust and fathered Frostpaw. During HollowClan's travels, he abandoned the clan for an attractive kittypet. Only Mothdust and Adderstar know the truth of his disappearance.

### First Leaf-fall

While Darkspring, Ivytooth, and Mothdust are recalling the old CedarClan territory, Mothdust briefly remembers her happier days with Stoneclaw. Later, she recalls flirting with Stagleap in vain before Stoneclaw caught her eye. She then remembers Stoneclaw's mostly-offensive fighting style, and how it had led him to struggle with teamwork-based fighting, which she views as a warning of the deeper flaws that would later reveal themselves.
Taxonomy

Taxonomy is the study of categorizations. There are many ways that paleontologists have grouped and categorized animals in the past ~200 years of formal western-anglo-European-american paleontological practice.

Generally, both in this class and in today's American universities, folks say, "taxonomy" when they refer to hierarchical classifications that are built around animals' (extinct and extant) apparent physical traits and resemblances.

Today's paleontologists, particularly those that work on animals with bones, usually use cladistic analyses and phylogenetic approaches to group animals based on their shared evolutionary histories.

Consider how a person would answer the question below, using each of the three schemes presented.

"Which two things belong in the same category? Snail, Sea Urchin, Eagle."

[insert hierarchy (image or ?) according to early Lineeaus work, and a late-century (1980s) taxonomy, and a phylogeny.]

And again.

"Which two things belong in the same category? Lizard, Alligator, Eagle."

[insert hierarchy (image or ?) according to early Lineeaus work, and a late-century (1980s) taxonomy, and a phylogeny.]

Growing up in the 1990s, Dr. Ritterbush was taught during science class to sort animals into groups, and to memorize the RANKS of these groups:

* Kingdom
	+ Phylum
		- Class
			* Order
				+ Family
					- Genus
						* Species

We don't teach this scheme any more in college. Why? Well, the short answer is that these particular "ranks" are human constructs that look nice on paper, but don't have a strong link to real biological principals or processes. Exceptions include fossil studies that focus on Phyla, Families, and Genera, but these are a little too niche for this class. Please do chat with Ritterbush or NickHPaleo for more info.
Paleontologists' Tool Kit

Scientists understand ancient life by making observations, and interpreting them based on all available information.

We assert that fundamental physics have remained the same through time.

* We frequently say, "the present is the key to the past" - that today's environments and habitats teach us about past rocks and life.
* We also see habitats and environments in Earth's past that have no matching example today. Earth and its life have changed so radically through time that we can't expect an example of every single thing to be here at one time.

Paleontologists must consider:

* How fossils form - chemistry & physics that change a dead animal into an enduring stone record
* How different habitats create sedimentary rocks
* How habitats have changed through time and space
* Where fossil-rich rocks will be accessible on Earth's surface today

## The Earth's Crusty Bits

The Earth's surface wears a crust of rocks, minerals, and squishy stuff.

**Minerals** are:

* naturally-occurring
* inorganic
* solids
* with a fixed chemical composition
* and a fixed crystal structure.

Key minerals for a paleontologist include **quartz, feldspar, mica**, and **calcite.**

**Rocks** are made of minerals.

* Fossils occur in **sedimentary rocks**, including **sandstone** and **mudstone**. Many clues to habitat conditions become locked in sedimentary rocks.

* **Igneous rocks (basalt, granite)** and **metamorphic rocks** are important to paleontologists because they contain clues to big changes in Earth's past environments and landmasses.

**Isotopes** help geologists track time and environments.

* In many chemical elements, the number of neutrons in the nucleus can vary.
* Varied nuclear masses produce slightly different behaviors in these atoms.
* Elements that have **stable isotopes** (the nucleus masses doesn't change in any individual atom) can record changes in environmental conditions, such as wet vs dry, hot vs cold, etc.
* Elements that have **radioactive isotopes** (the nucleus mass can change in an individual atom) can record changes through time, such as the amount of time that passed since a mineral formed, or since it reached a certain temperature.

Finally, the Earth's rocky surface (**litho**sphere) is draped in a soggy blanket of water and gas (**hydro**sphere and **atmo**sphere), and is permeated by living and dead things (**bio**sphere).

## Earth's Structure

Today, new observations of Earth's structure are made by geophysicists. Geoscientists use waves of earthquake energy, magnetics, gravity, and other fundamental physics tools to measure, compare, and model the most detailed structures of our planet.

This course will not cover the observations in detail, but we will overview Earth's structure.

The Earth has a crunchy crust that is always shifting and adjusting.
Coelophysis

## Name & Basics

Genus: *Coelophysis*

Name Means: hollow form

Lived During: Triassic Period

## Anatomy

* Long slender skull
* Stands on elongated toes
* reduction in number of digits
* Upright stance on rear legs
* long neck and tail

## Phylogeny

Here's a hierarchical view. Click the links for more info, including cladograms.

* Dinosauria
	+ Saurischia
		- Theropoda
			* Coelophysidae
Fruitadens

*Fruitadens* is probably the cutest dinosaur.

This basal ornithischian had a predentary bone producing a beak-like lower jaw, and a rear-facing extension on the pubis bone.

Fruitadens bones were so tiny! The scale bars in this photo are 1 cm (about the size of a USB plug).

*Fruitadens* is named for the town of Fruita, Colorado, near where it was found.
Parasaurolophus

## Name & Basics

Genus: *Parasaurolophus*

Name Means: Near Crested Lizard

Lived During: Cretaceous Period

This dinosaur will come up in the middle third of the World of Dinosaurs Fall 2020 course. See the syllabus for more.

## Anatomy

* The crest on it's head is an extension of it's nasals. This means it has lots of void space and air could be actively circulated through it
	+ Check out the pictures and models here: 10.7717/peerj.182/fig-9
	+ To download models of the skull, nasals and brain head here: https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Surface\_models\_for\_left\_half\_of\_skull\_of\_Parasaurolophus\_sp\_Hadrosauridae\_Dinosauria\_/692151
* The teeth and face of these animals are uniquely suited for processing plant matter with densely pack teeth set in a semi-mobile jaw to allow for a sort of slicing action.
	+ Check out the motion here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Sr5is7-wdk&ab\_channel=hallam25

## Phylogeny

Here's a hierarchical view. Click the links for more info, including cladograms.

Dinosauria

* Ornithischia
	+ Ornithopoda
		- Hadrosauridae

## Biomechanics

* What is that crazy crest for?
* Check out the animation of chewing (see above)!
Henry

**Henry** is a brown tabby tom with white patches and deep blue eyes.

## History

Henry was born to Mackerel, the current commander of the Bloodhides, and his mate Pavla, alongside two littermates Rasmus and Amelia. The first six moons of his life were largely uneventful until around the time of the Highlands ambush.

### First Leaf-fall

Henry sits alongside his siblings and mother while Mackerel calls a meeting to declare war against EagleClan. Early the next morning, he and Pavla sleep while Amelia and Rasmus discuss the ongoing battle.
Nick Hebdon

Nick is a PhD Candidate at the University of Utah. He has been assigned as the TA for the World of Dinosaurs course for the Fall and Spring terms as part of University Teaching Assistantship to help redesign and update the course alongside Dr. Ritterbush.

Nick specializes in functional morphology and biomechanics of extinct organisms.
Basal vs Derived

The terms "basal" and "derived" are relative. They only make sense if you provide the context - what clade are you talking about?

* Basal animals have the traits required to belong in their clade, but otherwise have a lot in common, still, with that last common ancestor that unites the clade.

* Derived animals have features really different from the last common ancestor at the base of their clade.

Examples:

* Coelophysis is a derived tetrapod, but it's a basal dinosaur.
* Archeopteryx is a derived dinosaur, but it's a basal bird.

Come up with your own examples. Within any clade of animals, what is a good example of a basal animal? What is a good example of a derived animal?
Vocabulary Tracker!

## Our goals for new words

Science classes can include so many new vocabulary words that the class is boring and exhausting (from the view of some students and professors!).

* This class will use:
	+ New words that express big ideas or concepts that are not common in everyday conversations.
	+ New words that help us refer to very specific things - groups of critters, places in history, times in Earth's past.
	+ New words as a framework for deep understanding of the material.
* This class will not:
	+ Require new words just to sound fancy or make the class hard to pass.
	+ Emphasize memorizing lists of words or facts.
	+ Emphasize spelling (whenever we can avoid it!).

Whenever possible, we will tackle big ideas and concepts by using words already used in college-level English.

This is important to us, because we believe that college should make the most important, most challenging, and most fun parts of science accessible to everyone!

When you learn a new word, term, concept, or idea, ask yourself:

* What does it mean?
* Why is it important?
* How does it fit into the big picture?

## Vocabulary Tracker

This is a list of words we ESTIMATE we'll use in class, with handy links to their wiki pages!

* Don't use this as a comprehensive list of the only things you need to know for class.
* But it's a good barometer – if you're doing well on these, you're probably doing well in general.
* Most terms have different meanings and contexts in different fields of study. While you can use any resources to learn about these terms, we hope you'll pay attention to what they mean in the context of paleontology, dinosaurs, this class, etc.
* If you're checking this list before we've emphasized these terms in the course, don't worry - we just haven't built the simple wiki page for all of them yet.

### Module 1:

* observations & interpretations
* clade, cladogram, phylogeny
* basal, derived
* clades of interest: tetrapod; amniote; synapsid; diapsid; archosaur; dinosaur
* biomechanics
* adaptation, exaptation
Equius Zahhak

Tr001y?

### Typing Style

Prefaces messages with a bow and arrow D--->Replaces x's with %'s and 100 or 001 to replace parts of words with loo or ool sounds.

### Quote

"D---> That question is making me sweat."

## Physical description

### Gender

Male

Equius is another member of the returning cast how plays a minor role in the events of Sollux x Jerry Seinfeld. During the Sollux x Sollux timeline, he both constructs a robot body for Aradia and a sexbot for Sollux of himself to make out with. After his lusus, Aurthour the hoofbeast, throws himself out of a window and off a cliff after witnessing his charge sticking his bulge in "a pile of scrap metal" Equius quickly descends a long set of stairs to retrieve him, only to be cruelly brutalized by his own staircase. However, tragically, his efforts are for naught, and Aurthour passes on. Equius later appears in the Sollux x Vriska timeline, in which he and Aurthour are having a game of catch outside of his hive. Unfortunately, the indigo blood's lusus meets its end once more when Kramer's ship collides with him, angering Equius greatly. However, before the dispute between him, the grape blood, and Sollux can be settled, or a veterinarian to tend Aurthour can be obtained, Vriska appears to drive him and Kramer off.

## Gallery

Equius gives Gonzalez some packages to deliver.Equius mourns the death of his lusus.Equius's lusus, Aurthour.

## Trivia

* Despite his engineering genius, Equius tends to make mistakes quite often. He mixed up the labels on boxes which contained the Sollux and Aradiabot, causing them to be delivered to the wrong receivers, constructed a robot body for Aradia despite the fact that she no longer needed one, and incorrectly labelled Sollux as a rust blood.
* Of all the characters, Equius appears to have the closest relationship with Gonzalez. Of the three times thus far that he has been called upon or suggested to be called upon by a character, two of these instances have been by Equius. After the two got into an argument, the indigo blood quickly felt bad about his actions as well, despite how hard headed he can be.
Dinosaurs Through Time

Here we show a rough schematic of the TIMETREE of dinosaurs as they proliferated throughout the Mesozoic.

Fossils from Triassic rocks show few dinosaurs, and these animals are relatively small and basal in their anatomy. Dinosaur fossils are much more common, and show greater animal diversity, in Jurassic rocks. Finally, the most famous and culturally iconic dinosaurs (*Tyrannosaurus, Triceratops*, etc.) are known from fossils in Cretaceous rocks.
Dr. Ritterbush

Dr. Ritterbush is an Assistant Professor at the University of Utah and is scheduled to teach World of Dinosaurs class in Fall 2020.

Ritterbush is a paleontologist specializing in mass extinctions, ancient sea life, and ecology.

Find recent publications at: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=IlDHebYAAAAJ&hl=en

Find professional blurbs at: https://faculty.utah.edu/u6002857-Kathleen\_A.\_Ritterbush/research/index.hml
Aradia Megido

0u0

Aradia Megido is one of the twelve beta trolls who makes a return for the events of Sollux x Jerry Seinfeld. Like in her canonical iteration, she seems to be involved in, or have great knowledge of, many of the mysteries and ongoing events of the world. Though, unlike her alpha timeline counterpart, Aradia takes up an antagonistic role in the comic. After discovering that Sollux has been cheating on her with Feferi and vice versa, she ends their matespiritship, and appears to be seeking his downfall since. This goes so far as to see her smile in apparent joy upon realizing he has been killed after Aradiabot detonates in [S] Aradiabot: Explode. During the Sollux x Gamzee timeline, it is revealed that Aradia became god tier before the mainline events of Sollux x Jerry Seinfeld by starting her own session with Tavros in order to spite Sollux due to his refusal to pause his online games and spend time with her. Although the true extent of her goals, and role she plays are unclear, Aradia's interference in the timeline poses a definite and constant problem for our protagonist.

## Gallery

Aradia attempts to free Nepeta from her load gaper.Aradia travels into Eridan's past in order to retrieve Terezi's glasses.Aradia smiles as her robotic duplicate detonates, killing Sollux in the Sollux x Sollux timeline.
## Trivia

* Aradia taking on the role of an antagonist after being cheated on may be a reference to her dansestor, Damara Megido, who's matespirits cheating drove her to becoming a villain as well.
Eridan Ampora

wweh

### Typing Style

types in all lowwercase, doubling w's and v'sdrops g's from wwords that end with -ing

sometimes replaces of with a

### Quote

"wwell I know for sure you wwouldnt get this if you wwere datin a nice guy like me"

## Physical description

### Gender

Male

Eridan is a member of the returning cast of twelve trolls from Homestuck itself, and is the second to appear after the main protagonist Sollux. Taking on the role of a secondary antagonist, the violet blood killed Terezi before the events of the comic, and is the reason why Sollux loses his two biitche2 after recording him talking about his cheating and forwarding the recording to Feferi. However, his attempts to break the heiress away from the gold blood end up in failure, when she almost immediately thereafter falls in love with the far superior Erilux Amptor. After this, though, he takes something of a back seat in the events of the comic, only having a notable role in the Sollux x Vriska timeline thus far, in which he rallies his fellow incels to steal Feferi's airship bomb his arch rival's hivestem. Though he did give pursuit to Sollux afterwards, who had been rescued by Kramer piloting a ship of their own, he quickly abandoned chase when the grape blood told him that if he kept chasing them, he'd be supporting equal rights for women. Eridan has not been seen since, having presumably returned to his hive.

## Gallery

Eridan spies on Sollux as he talks about his love for his biitche2.Eridan delivers a rousing, inspirational speech to his fellow incels.
## Trivia

* Despite the fact that he is said to be an incel, and appears to be strongly against women's rights, Eridan is seen on Feferi's ship working with several female sea dwellers alongside his fellows. The reason for this is not known, although it could be speculated that it was a temporary alliance between regular incels and "femcels."
Mekeze Malork

Winner of this sweep's blueblood boxing competition.

### Typing Style

Pierces an arrow ( ==example text=> ) trough their messages. Capitalizes the first two letters of any given word.

## Physical description

### Gender

Female

Mekeze Malork is a fan submitted indigo blood and minor character in Sollux x Jerry Seinfeld. She first appears in the Vriska x Sollux Timeline, only to be promptly disintegrated by a Scratch possessed Vriska moments after she declares how much she loves being alive. Mekeze appears again in the Gamzee x Sollux timeline, this time being trolled by Nepeta after the olive blood becomes trapped in Aradia's load gaper. Though she eagerly agrees to help Nepeta, she does not arrive before the act ends.

Mekeze previals over Equlux and becomes the blueblood boxing champ.
## Trivia

* So far, Mekeze is the only non violet blood fantroll submitted by a fan who made it into the comic.
* Mekeze has an only fans
Sollux is possibly gay Wiki

**Welcome to the Sollux x Jerry Seinfeld unofficial wiki!**
Sollux x Jerry Seinfeld is a fan comic on MS Paint Fan Adventures about the journey of the Sollux Captor trough a fresh take on an old timeline. It features a mix of characters both old and new, and details the journey of the gold blooded protagonist as he finds love in one of the main characters of the TV show Seinfeld.
Gonzalez

Don't worry my friend.

Gonzalez is a supporting character who appears during the three timelines in which Sollux considers a matespirit of Vriska, Gamzee, and himself.Gonzalez is also depicted as a friend of ratkinda. Fulfilling a wide variety of jobs, and being a very friendly and well known figure, Gonzalez is usually seen giving advice or performing a favor for one of the other characters. So far this has manifested in him being a deliveryman for Fed-Ex, being suggested as a veterinarian for Equius's lusus Aruthor, and giving Gamzee relationship advice when he is considering whether to confess to Sollux or Tavros.

## Trivia

* Unlike many other characters, Gonzalez is always rendered in a photo realistic manor. What he would look like in the usual appearance for a troll or kid is unknown.
* Gonzalez only has one word in his chumhandle, being simply his own name.
* It is a running gag for Gonzalez to show up in unexpected situations fulfilling unexpected jobs or roles. The character in need of help or advice will say that the name is of the individual they are about to consult Gonzalez, and they are generally good or knowledgeable in that field.
Kosmoh Kramer

HEY FRICKFACE.

### Chumhandle

mysteriousTroll [MT] When first introduced.yeehawCowboy [YC] After being introduced.

### Quote

"I JUST WANT TO TELL YOU. GET TROLOLOLOLOLOLED! (WHICH IS RELEVANT. AS WE ARE TROLLS.)"

## Physical description

### Gender

Male

Kramer is the second fan troll to appear in Sollux x Jerry Seinfeld, and could be argued to be the most important fan troll to the story overall. He is first seen pestering Eridan about being dumped by Feferi, and then reappears in the Sollux x Vriska timeline in which he flies over to the gold blood's hivestem in order to save him from an army of raging incels. Kramer also appears in the Sollux x Gamzee timeline, in which he moves into the same hivestem as Sollux, and is quick to befriend him upon the two being introduced by their shared landwellord.

## Trivia

* Despite being a sea dweller, he has neither violet or fuchsia blood, instead being a caste in between the two that he simply refers to as "grape."
	+ This could mean that Kramer is actually a mutant rather than fitting into any existing caste. However, whether or not this is true is not yet clear.
* Kramer prefers to go by his last name rather than his first. The reason why is not currently known.
* Due to his occasional usage of grey text, and full caps lock when typing, Kramer is oftentimes confused for Karkat when first messaging other characters.
DriftClan War

The war that drove HollowClan, then CedarClan, from their original home was set into motion by DriftClan long before it actually happened. The sheer amount of bloodshed and loss on CedarClan’s part prompted Adderstar to relocate his clan to safer grounds. Many CedarClan cats were lost during this battle.

## Preceding Events

Around the time that Adderstar was made deputy of CedarClan, a PlumClan patrol noticed a new group of cats just outside of currently-unoccupied territory. This group introduced themselves as DriftClan, and was invited to the next Gathering with official recognition. Here they explained their rotational leadership system, where any cat could win the rights to their leadership through a battle to the death, and their belief that StarClan was only for those who died in battle; CedarClan wished to drive them away, but through quiet political manoeuvring, DriftClan secured their place among the other three clans.

After a border dispute broke out between a CedarClan patrol and a PlumClan one, DriftClan managed to kill a PlumClan cat and blame the death on CedarClan. Believing this due to CedarClan’s recent behaviour, PlumClan and BriarClan began to turn against them, leaving CedarClan vulnerable.

Eventually the framing was revealed, as were DriftClan’s practices of putting their kits into battle, and their plot to take over the clans with the assistance of nearby rogues. By this point it was too late, and the worst war the three clans had known broke out, forcing CedarClan to relocate and leaving the fates of BriarClan and PlumClan uncertain.

## Participants

CedarClan, BriarClan, PlumClan, DriftClan, and DriftClan’s rogue allies.

## Injuries and Deaths

An unknown number of cats from all four clans were killed in the war DriftClan provoked. CedarClan casualties during the battle include Barkstripe, Sorreltail, Flamepelt, and Branchpaw. Some of HollowClan’s cats would go on to pass after they left, such as Murkshade and Mouse-ear, who died of infection, or Willowkit, too young and weak to survive the journey.

Barkstripe – fatal throat wound.

Sorreltail – fatal head injury.

Flamepelt – unknown cause of death.

Branchpaw – unknown cause of death.

Murkshade – infected wounds.

Mouse-ear – infected wounds.
DriftClan

DriftClan is a formerly nomadic clan that was briefly a sister clan of CedarClan, BriarClan, and PlumClan. They had a number of strange beliefs and suspicious behaviours, until eventually it was revealed they had plotted to turn the other clans against CedarClan and take over the forest with the help of their rogue allies, beginning the DriftClan war. This was the event that forced CedarClan to relocate.

## Arrival

Adderstar recalls the arrival of DriftClan as being around the same time he was made deputy.

## Territory

DriftClan made their camp out of the way of the other clans.

## Customs

*Leadership –* DriftClan operates under a rotational system of leadership. Any cat can challenge the current leader to a battle to the death for the rights to leadership.

*Death –* DriftClan believes that only those who die in battle will ascend to StarClan.

## Idioms and Sayings

DriftClan currently has no known sayings.
Stegosaurus

## Name & Basics

Genus: *Stegosaurus*

Name Means: Roof Lizard

Lived During: Jurassic Period

This dinosaur will come up in the middle third of the World of Dinosaurs Fall 2020 course. See the syllabus for more.

## Anatomy

* The bony plates on the animal's back are not actually attached to the internal skeleton directly. Instead, these are scutes, the skin bones similar to what you find on an alligator.
* Behold, Scott Hartman's skeletal reconstruction: https://www.skeletaldrawing.com/ornithiscians/stegosaurus
* And here are some photos of a fossil skeleton reconstruction on exhibit at the Los Angeles County Natural History Museum.

## Phylogeny

Here's a hierarchical view. Click the links for more info, including cladograms.

Dinosauria

* Ornithischia
	+ Genosauria
		- Thyreophora
			* Stegosauria

We will casually refer to the group of armored dinosaurs that have large plates sticking off of their backs as Stegosaurids. The "ids" ending shows we're not being very picky about the taxonomic rank of this group (because we don't focus much on that in this class).

* Other fun stegosaurids include:
	+ Kentosaurus
* Other armored dinosaurs (Thyreophora) to enjoy include the
	+ Ankylosaurs

## Biomechanics

* What were the plates for?
* Why are the back legs so long?

## Fossil Record

Stegosaurids lived during the Jurassic Period.

Their fossils are typically found as individuals, rather than large groups.

Juvenile stegosaurids are now found that include plates on their backs.

Their teeth have features well-suited to trimming plant matter, but they do not have sophisticated grinding teeth.

## Ecology

Stegosaurids ate plants. From their teeth and body shape, we interpret that an individual stegosaur may have needed to bite off a huge volume of plant chunks, then slowly digest these in their gut to get some nutrients out. Sophisticated chewing, as in the duck-billed Hadrosaur dinosaurs (i.e., Parasarolophus), allows an animal to separate of the plant's juicy bits from the less-useful structural bits (think about putting celery in a juicer or blender), but stegosaurs did NOT have teeth like that. (sigh!)

Stegosaurids probably lived independently rather than in a herd - more like panda bears than deer! We interpret this based off their fossil locations. Even in Dinosaur National Monument, where a fairly-well articulated stegosaur skeleton is found buried among many other contemporaneous dinosaurs, there are few stegosaurs compared to everything else.

## Biogeography

View where stegosaurid fossils have been found on a map of the world (with today's countries), using the Paleobiology Database:

And where we interpret those fossils were on Pangea during the Jurassic Period:

Links to images, 3D models, etc.
A Very Bubbly Sing Along

## Characters

 File:9fc2c607f3d87a60d2edcd39f9d933f0eb73405b.jpg
* Lazlo as Bob the Tomato
* Clarence as Larry the Cucumber (sometimes Bubbles)
* Qwerty as himself
* Greg from (OTGW) as Jean Claude Pea
* Flapjack as Phillipe Pea
* Toads as Christophe Pea
* Mario as Jimmy Gourd
* Numbuh 3 or Bubbles as Junior Asparagus
* Powerpuff Girls as 3 Asparagus Singers
* Sonic as Pa Grape
* Beast Boy as Mr. Lunt
* Mr. Mackey as Mr. Nezzer
* Hammer Bro as Scallion 1
* Boomerang Bro as Scallion 2
* Fire Bro as Scallion 3
* Palmy The Tree As Debut
* Buttercup as Dad Asparagus
* Blossom as Mom Asparagus
* The Peach
* Phil Winklestien
* Beast Boy as Scooter Carrot
* Luigi as Jerry Gourd
* The Monsters From Bubbles's Closet
* Clyde as Grandpa George Scallion Blink Bunny
* Bubbles as a Delivery Girl Laura Carrot
* Eddy (EEnE) as Archibald Asparagus

## HappyTales Very Bubbles Songs! DVD Sony Wonder Release 2013 Released 2014

 File:Images (1).jpg
* FBI Warning Screen
* Big Park Logo 2013
* Sony Wonder Logo
* HappyTales Videos Trailer #1
* HappyTales Gumball and the Big Tower Trailer
* HappyTales Videos Trailer #2
* HappyTales Madame Chloe Trailer
* Stay Tuned Screen
* Big Park Presents Logo
* Start Of The Video
* The HappyTales Theme Song
* I Can Be Your Best Friend from Are You My Children?
* The Dance of the Powerpuff Girl from Lazlo, Numbuh 3 & Clarence
* Acceptness Song from God Wants Me To Accept Them!?!
* The Baby Kangaroo Song from Where's Heaven When I'm A-Afraid?
* Heaven Is Bigger from Where's Heaven When I'm A-Afraid?
* Home Improvement Scene
* Love My Mouth from Bubbles and the Giant Koopa
* Oh, No! from Where's Heaven When I'm A-Afraid?
* Stand Up! from Lazlo, Numbuh 3, & Clarence
* The Hairbrush Song from Are You My Neighbor?
* The New and Improved Muffin Song from Lazlo, Numbuh 3 & Clarence
* Success Scene
* The Viking Who Don't Do Anything
* End Credits
* HappyTales Heaven Wants Me To Accept Them Trailer
* HappyTales Bubbles And The Giant Koopa Trailer
* Big Park Logo
* Sony Wonder Logo
The Handmaid

Imagine being held captive by your own descendant

The Handmaid is the ancestor of Aradia Megido, and makes a brief appearance as a minor character. She is seen in the Felt Manor, being held captive there alongside Ratkinda and her fellow handmaid, Damuna Megtor by Scratch. Although she does not speak, it can be inferred that she harbors a hatred for her captor in a similar fashion to her appearance in Homestuck, based on her angry or frightened reaction when Scratch first arrives. The older version of The Handmaid has not yet been seen, though is likely under the service of Lord English still.

## Gallery

The Handmaid and Damuna greet Ratkinda.The Handmaid and Damuna look on in confusion as Scratch and Ratkinda discuss the direction of the comic.Scratch and Ratkinda vanish, startling The Handmaid and Damuna.

## Trivia

* The Handmaid is the only ancestor from the original comic to make an appearance thus far.
* In her "dialog," The Handmaid is referred to by her name rather then her title in dialog. This may be due to the fact that she has not technically come into the service of Lord English yet, despite being trained for the role.
Nightpaw

**Nightpaw** is a big black she-cat.

## Personality

Nightpaw was considered kind and sensitive by her sister Spiderlight.

## History

Nightkit and her sister Spiderkit were born to a sickly she-cat who died not long after their birth, and a distant father. During her apprenticeship, Nightpaw was the best friend of her denmate Shrikepaw. At some point Nightpaw was attacked and killed by a fox.

### First Leaf-fall

During Oakclaw's announcement of Flystar's death and his appointment of Heronheart as his deputy, Shrikethorn thinks of Nightpaw, imagining that her friend will make sure Flystar finds her way to StarClan.

Later, when Shrikethorn is sent with Nightshadow, Falconwing and Spiderlight to bring out Flystar's body, Shrikethorn has a flashback to finding Nightpaw after she had been killed by the fox.
Bubbles and the Giant Koopa

## Characters

* Bubbles as Junior Asparagus and Dave
* Luigi as Jerry Gourd and Dave's Brother
* Mario as Jimmy Gourd and Another Brother
* Knuckles as Tom Grape and Yet Another Brother
* Koopatroopa as Goliath
* Sonic as Pa Grape and Jesse (Dave's Father)
* Eddy as Archibald Asparagus and King Saul
* Toads as Philistines
* Boomer and Toads as Lenny Carrot and Peas as additional Israelites
* French Toads as additional Philistines
* Beast Boy as Mr. Lunt
* Lazlo as Lazlo-man and Bob the Tomato
* Clarence as Larry the Cucumber

## Songs

* HappyTales TV Theme & Mail Song

* Little ones can do Big Things Too
Berrybrook

**Berrybrook** is a shorthaired dark grey tom with a satiny sheen and a bluish undertone to his pelt. He has narrow, blue, beryl-hued eyes and a black nose. All four of his paws are tipped with white.

## Personality

Berrybrook was just the most charming guy as an apprentice. He was decently sweet, and rarely overstepped his boundaries. He worked hard and became an esteemed warrior of CedarClan long before his seniority caught up with him. He is more contemplative in his older age, but still spry enough to keep up with newbie apprentices.

## History

As an apprentice, Berrypaw worked hard to impress his future mate and win her affections. He was a couple of moons younger than she was, and she graduated to a warrior before him, but he was not deterred. Eventually he won her heart and they settled down to have a single kit, their daughter Sorreltail. Berrybrook’s mate died soon after Sorreltail’s birth, and he vowed to care for Sorreltail as best he could, teaching her all that he knew and expecting her to someday become leader.

However, tragedy struck for Berrybrook once more. During the DriftClan war, Sorreltail was thrown into a shallow gorge and died instantly when she hit her head, which Berrybrook witnessed himself. Berrybrook had to be dragged away by his clanmates and was unable to bury Sorreltail.

Some moons later, after HollowClan’s settlement of the southern Conifer Grove, Berrybrook was chosen to mentor Lichenpaw.

### First Leaf-fall

Berrybrook is first mentioned by Lichenpaw on the same day of the HollowClan and GrimeClan agreement, where she looks for him but can’t find him and instead joins Darkspring’s hunting practice.

Berrybrook appears in person the following day, when he and Hawkcloud wake and encounter Duskwhisker while going to get some prey. He, Hawkcloud and Duskwhisker discuss the recent GrimeClan meeting. Berrybrook agrees that they likely won’t be allowed near the GrimeClan border, and suggests that they go hunting together. Remarking that they don't know anywhere good to go, he decides that they could just explore and hunt at the same time, wondering if they might find something like a rabbit burrow. As they go to leave, Berrybrook says he thinks they should go in the opposite direction of the apprentices, Stagleap, and Merlinmist. Duskwhisker agrees, then asks how Berrybrook's mentoring of Lichenpaw is going. Berrybrook replies that Lichenpaw is a quick learner and kind too, and he's sure she'll be as good a warrior as her mother Thicketnose. He asks Duskwhisker if he'd ever like to have an apprentice.

Heading into the Conifer Grove, Berrybrook scents a rabbit nearby and suggests that he and Duskwhisker hunt it. Duskwhisker goes to drive the rabbit towards Berrybrook.
Thaddeus Thawne II (Old)

### Relatives

Bart Allen (source of genetic material/twin brother), Max Mercury (mentor/father figure), Grant Wilson (brother figure), Owen Mercer (half-brother)

## OOC Info

### Based Off Of

New Earth (The Impulse comic version)

Thad Allen is the former villain turned hero Inertia, he is a member of both Teen Titans East and The Flashfamily and is mentored by Max Mercury