recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Albert

Albert, also known as Adbulb, is a Swedish artist known for doing a series of 4 art streams on the website Twitch.tv where he created various masterpieces. Albert's current whereabouts are unknown, and it has been speculated that Albert was assassinated by Helblinde with the Glass Shard stand after Helblinde got jealous of Albert's artistic abilities.
Gluten

**Gluten** (from Latin *gluten*, "glue") is a group of proteins, called prolamins and glutelins, which occur with starch in the endosperm of various cereal grains. This protein complex comprises 75–85% of the total protein in bread wheat. It is found in related wheat species and hybrids, (such as spelt, khorasan, emmer, einkorn, and triticale), barley, rye, and oats, as well as products derived from these grains, such as breads and malts.

Glutens, especially Triticeae glutens, have unique viscoelastic and adhesive properties, which give dough its elasticity, helping it rise and keep its shape and often leaving the final product with a chewy texture. These properties and its relative low cost are the reasons why gluten is so widely demanded by the food industry and for non-food uses.

Prolamins in wheat are called gliadins; in barley, hordeins; in rye, secalins; and in oats, avenins. These protein classes are collectively referred to as gluten. Wheat glutelins are called glutenin. True gluten is limited to these four grains. (The storage proteins in maize and rice are sometimes called glutens, but they differ from true gluten.)
[1] Bread produced from wheat grains contains glutenGluten can trigger adverse inflammatory, immunological and autoimmune reactions in some people. Gluten can produce a broad spectrum of gluten-related disorders, including coeliac disease in 1–2% of the general population, non-coeliac gluten sensitivity in 6–10% of the general population, dermatitis herpetiformis, gluten ataxia and other neurological disorders. These disorders are treated by a gluten-free diet.
Nero Side Quest

In the Discord there is a person named Nero. Nero is in love with someone named Lillia and was scared that he would get rejected but when he finally asked them out they turned out to be a lesbian. Nero has received suggestions to start Hormone Replacement Therapy from multiple prominent members from shat, but he has yet to take up on the suggestion.
RONDA ROUSEY GETS ARRESTED

READY TO HEAR HOW RONDA ROUSEY GOT ARRESTED. BEFORE WE START DONT FORGET TO BE ON THE LOOKOUT FOR MY NEW ARTICLES,MY MAGAZINE LINE *WWE STARS GO TO JAIL* AND MY NEW PODCAST  *FAMOUS AND INFAMOUS: WWE ARRESTS  FIRST EDITION RONDA ROUSEY AND WEBSITE ==========================================================================================================================================================================================*

ON JULY 1ST 2005 WWE STAR RONDA ROUSEY WAS ARRESTED FOR VANDALISM,EXPOSURE,RESISTING ARREST,AND STRIKING A POLICE OFFICER. HERES HOW IT ALL STARTED. RONDA ROUSEY WAS IN WAL-MART AND SHE STOLE 2 ACTION FIGURES. THEN SHE WENT HOME AND THE COPS CAME TO HER HOUSE SO RONDA BROKE THE WINDOWS. BUT 30 MINUTES LATER ANOTHER POLICE CAR CAME AND WENT INTO RONDA'S HOUSE SHE WAS IN THE BATHROOM ON THE TOILET SO POLICE TOOK HER OFF THEN TRIED TO ARREST HER BUT SHE RESISTED SO POLICE TOOK WHITE UNDERWEAR AND WHEN SHE GOT BACK ON THE TOILET POLICE TOOK HER OFF PUT ON THE WHITE UNDERWEAR AND PUT HER IN THE HANDCUFFS THEN TOOK HER TO THE POLICE CAR BUT SHE ESCAPED SO THEY CAME BACK WHILE RONDA WAS IN THE SHOWER POLICE TACKLED AND HANDCUFFED HER BUT SHE BROKE THE HANDCUFFS SO POLICE PUT ON EXTRA HANDCUFFS,GAVE HER AN ENEMA AND TOOK HER TO JAIL WHEN POLICE TOOK HER TO COURT SHE WAS FOUND GUILTY FOR EXPOSURE,THEFT,VANDALISM RESISTING ARREST, AND STRIKING A POLICE OFFICER SHE WAS SENTENCED TO 4 YEARS IN JAIL AND 6 MONTHS OF COMMUNITY SERVICE. SHE TRIED TO ESCAPE BUT POLICE TACKLED HER,HANDCUFFED HER PUT ON WHITE UNDERWEAR AND TOOK HER BACK TO HER JAIL CELL BUT NATAYLA SNUCK HER OUT THAT NIGHT BUT POLICE SAW THE FOOTAGE SO THAT MORNING

         POLICE WENT TO HER HOUSE WHILE SHE WAS IN THE SHOWER POLICE TACKLED HER AND ARRESTED HER THERE WERE 6 POLICE OFFICERS 4 HELD RONDA AND 2 WENT TO TARGET FOR A JUMPSUIT, 2 ENEMAS, HANDCUFFS TO PUT ON HER FOOT,WHITE UNDERWEAR, A CAMERA , A STUN GUN AND 4 MORE HANDCUFFS. THEN POLICE GOT BACK IN THEIR POLICE CARS. WHEN THEY GOT BACK THEY SET THEIR STUFF DOWN THEN THE S.W.A.T. T.E.A.M CAME AND TOOK THE POLICE'S THINGS AND DID THE POLICE'S JOB BUT RONDA RESISTED ARREST BUT THEN POLICE TACKLED AND HANDCUFFED RONDA ARMS AND LEGS AND GAVE HER AN ENEMA AND THEN TOOK HER TO THE JAILHOUSE
Pathologic 2

Pathologic 2 is a 2019 adventure game by Ice-Pick Lodge and published by tinyBuild. In this game the main character attempts to hunt down a bull that fucked his 2 dads and killed them because its load was too big.

When playing this game Helblinde devises unusual theories about the universe and time traveling backwards, or possibly in a loop.
The Glass Shard

The Glass Shard is a mystical, multi-dimensional being that invades prey through the base of the foot. It then causes all sorts of havoc around the body and sometimes teams up with Gluten to make the user have horrendous shits.

   The Glass Shard entered our universe through a tempered glass table in Helblinde's apartment, destroying the prized table in the process. It's current whereabouts are somewhere within Helblinde's body, possibly the brain.

"*A slow and insidious killer."*

***Helblinde's Stand***

After being pierced by the glass shard, Helblinde acquired his stand 「BREAKING GLASS」. It is known to have many abilities, such as removing an adversary's hair. It is rumored that if another glass shard were to pierce Helblinde, he would obtain 「BREAKING GLASS」Requiem, which would swap the hairstyles of everybody in the world, before eliminating hair entirely from every living being.
Brain Enhancer

The brain enhancer is a substance that expands the mind and allows for more connections to be drawn between previously acquired knowledge. This substance has a good safety profile and a low dependency rate, but it can only be used once in a while. High doses not recommended. Sunglasses recommended to evade TOS Police.
Japan 2021

**Japan 2021** or **Tokyo 2021** is a future community gathering for everyone who can get enough money until the event, similar to the future planned HelblindeCon. The bald man himself is 100% sure to go there because he wants to see hot cosplays at Comiket and sell CDs of his extremely popular brand Fractal Dreamers at M3. Interested members of the community are invited to follow him and buy well-endowed figurines of little girls. Everyone is invited to the Helblinde™ managed apartment if they can afford it. The price for a stay in Japan is more than the average consumer of a helblinde subscription could afford.
PossuKeisari

PossuKeisari (also known as Possu) is considered to be the bestest osu! weeb from Finland who is involved in the Helblinde community. He is also the creator of some of the most horrifying emotes in existence, such as helYar. Possu is generally liked by everyone from the shat. On December 22nd, 2019 it became clear that Possu's Discord account had been deleted, his whereabouts are currently unknown.

*"Prolific content creator and one of the most beloved members of the community" -* Karl
Drikkel

aka Drunkel

Drikkel is a German that is known for drinking a lot of beer and working at a gas station. He spent all his money on a virtual reality headset; an ahegao hoodie and of course: on alcohol.

Drives a VW Golf 3 1.8

*"my parents yoinked my cum towel which i kept under my couch PepeHands what to do?"*
Byte

A **byte** is a unit of data that typically consists of 8 bits. Historically, this reflected the amount of data required to store an ASCII value to represent one of up to 256 different characters of text.

## Variations

* A binary **kilobyte** (KiB) consists of 1,024 bytes ( 210 )
* A binary **megabyte** (MiB) consists of 1,024 kilobytes, or 1,048,576 bytes ( 220 )
* A binary **gigabyte** (GiB) consists of 1,024 megabytes, or 1,073,741,824 bytes ( 230 )
* A binary **terabyte** (TiB) consists of 1,024 gigabytes, or 1,099,511,627,776 bytes ( 240 )
* A binary **petabyte** (PiB) consists of 1,024 terabytes, or 1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes ( 250 )
* A binary **exabyte** (EiB) consists of 1,024 petabytes, or 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bytes ( 260 )

Some companies, such as Apple in 2009, switched from using binary values to decimals, causing a "megabyte" to report 1,000,000 bytes instead of 1,048,576 bytes, as had been done in the past. This created an illusion of a slight increase in data capacity (memory and storage).

* A decimal **kilobyte** (kB) consists of 1,000 bytes ( 103 )
* A decimal **megabyte** (MB) consists of 1,000 kilobytes, or 1,000,000 bytes ( 106 )
* A decimal **gigabyte** (GB) consists of 1,000 megabytes, or 1,000,000,000 bytes ( 109 )
* A decimal **terabyte** (TB) consists of 1,000 gigabytes, or 1,000,000,000,000 bytes ( 1012 )
* A decimal **petabyte** (PB) consists of 1,000 terabytes, or 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes ( 1015 )
* A decimal **exabyte** (EB) consists of 1,000 petabytes, or 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes ( 1018 )

## References

1. ↑ Jason Snell. "Snow Leopard's new maths", *Macworld*, 2009-08-28. Retrieved on 2011-04-13.
2. ↑ How Mac OS X reports drive capacity. Apple Inc. (2009-08-27). Retrieved on 2009-10-16.

## External links

* Byte at the Apple Wiki
* Byte at Wiktionary
* Byte at Wikipedia
Macromedia Authorware 7

**Macromedia Authorware 7** is the seventh and last major version of Authorware. It was released by Macromedia solely for Windows in 2003. It was also packaged with Macromedia eLearning Suite 2004.

## Version history

Authorware was updated to version 7.0.1 in late 2003. The fianl update, version 7.0.2, was released in mid 2004.

## References

1. ↑ An Overview of Authorware 7 — and Its Evolution by Joseph Ganci, *The eLearning Developer's Journal*, p.4-5. 2003-09-22.

## External links

* Authorware 7 at Macromedia (archived 2003-08-01, 2005-12-04)
	+ Authorware Support Center (archived 2004-06-12)
* Macromedia Authorware 7 at Adobe (archived 2006-05-02)
	+ Authorware Support Center (archived 2010-10-07)
* Macromedia Authorware 7 at the Adobe Wiki
Shampoo

Shampoo is a cleaning product intended for use on one's hair. Relatives of Helblinde are known to be frequently curious about what brand of shampoo he uses. Shampoo is also occasionally a topic of discussion in chat, where people will discuss whether one should use shampoo on their balls when cleaning them. Some people also cum in this.
Spanish Flea

This banger along with "Circus - Theme Song" is the pinnacle of Blinde's puzzle streams. When Blinde gets stuck on a puzzle he turns to music to focus his senses and in doing so he unlocks what shat calls "a Flint moment".

Spanish Flea - https://youtu.be/1sruEnQ9HkU
Circus - Theme Song - https://youtu.be/zjedLeVGcfE
BIAS Peak

**BIAS Peak** is a sound design and editing program for Macintosh, developed by Berkley Integrated Audio Software.

"Limited edition" versions of Peak LE 2.x were bundled with Macintosh versions of Macromedia Director 7 Shockwave Internet Studio in December 1998, and Director 8 Shockwave Studio in March 2000. The Windows counterparts were bundled with Sonic Foundry Sound Forge XP.

## References

1. ↑ Macromedia ships Director 7 Shockwave Internet Studio and Dreamweaver 2, Macromedia. 1998-12-07. Archived 1999-11-10.
2. ↑ Macromedia ships Director 8 Shockwave Studio for magnetic web sites and multiuser communities, Macromedia. 2000-03-22. Archived 2000-05-11.

## External links

* Peak LE 2.0/ 2.5/ 2.6/ 3.0 at BIAS (archived 1999-01-27 / 2000-08-15 / 2001-07-13 / 2002-04-17)
* BIAS Peak at the Adobe Wiki
* BIAS Peak at Wikipedia

### Articles

* BIAS Peak 2.1: Sound-editing software for Macintosh by Paul D. Lehrman at *Mix* (2000-07-01)
* Bias PEAK 2.1 (Mac) by Christian Hunziker at MusicFarm (German, 2000)
MacroMind MediaMaker

**MacroMind MediaMaker** was an early video editing and compositing program released in late 1990 by MacroMind, the predecessor of Macromedia.

## Features

The package contains two application "modules":

* **MediaMaker Collections** assembles a library of media elements with visual thumbnails of each segment.
* **MediaMaker Sequences** allows the user to assemble and edit the segments in up to four tracks. A print-to-tape feature can output the project to videotape for presentations, though not at broadcast quality. Video hardware is not included.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Digital F/X, Macromind To Unveil Video Editors by Paul Worthington, *InfoWorld*, p.34. 1990-07-30.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Vendors Unveil Video Publishing Software by Nico Krohn, *InfoWorld*, p.34. 1991-01-21.
3. ↑ New Products | Software applications packages, *ComputerWorld*, p.56. 1990-10-15.
2005

* **February 7:** Macromedia ColdFusion MX 7 is released.
* **April 18:** Adobe Systems announces an agreement to acquire Macromedia through a stock swap valued at $3.4 billion.
* **May 31:** Macromedia Breeze 5 is released.
* **September 13:** Macromedia Studio 8 is the last software suite to be released by Macromedia.
* **October 16-19:** Macromedia MAX 2005 is held in Anaheim, California.
* **November 15:** Macromedia Flash Media Server 2 is released.
* **December 3:** Adobe Systems completes its acquisition of Macromedia.

## External links

* Press Releases for 2005 at Macromedia (archived 2006-01-03)
* Press releases: Listed by date at Adobe (archived 2006-01-01)
Jeremy Allaire

**Jeremy Allaire** is an American technologist and internet entrepreneur. He co-founded Allaire Corporation with his brother J.J. Allaire and served as Chief Technology Officer.

## Career

### Macromedia

After Allaire Corporation was merged into Macromedia in March 2001, Jeremy became Chief Technology Officer of Macromedia and spoke at developer events such as Macromedia Web World. He stepped down from the position in 2003 to work as a venture capitalist but remained involved with Macromedia as founder emeritus.

### After Macromedia

Jeremy presently serves as chairman and CEO of Circle, a payment technology company.

## References

1. ↑ Management Team, Allaire Corporation. Archived 2001-02-09.
2. ↑ Macromedia Completes Merger With Allaire, Macromedia. 2001-03-20. Archived 2001-03-30.
3. ↑ Speakers, Macromedia Web World. Archived 2003-08-06.
4. ↑ Jeremy Allaire, Macromedia. Archived 2003-08-07.
5. ↑ Jeremy Allaire, Crunchbase. Accessed 2019-11-14.

## External links

* Macromedia and Beyond at Jeremy Allaire's personal weblog (2003-02-05)
* Jeremy Allaire at Macromedia (archived 2003-12-17)
* Jeremy Allaire at Circle
* Jeremy Allaire at Crunchbase
* Jeremy Allaire at LinkedIn
* Jeremy Allaire at Twitter
* Jeremy Allaire at the Adobe Wiki
* Jeremy Allaire at Wikipedia
8-bit

**8-bit** refers to **eight** binary (0 or 1) units of integer data. This allows for up to 256 combinations of values, typically from 0 to 255.

* 8-bit color allows for up to 256 grays, or 256 colors assigned by a color lookup table (CLUT). This is also referred to as the VGA standard by PC users.
* 8-bit sound allows for a range of up to 256 values (−128 to +127) per sample (Hertz).
* 8 bits make 1 byte, referred to by programmers as a **halfword**.

## External links

* 8-bit at the Adobe Wiki
* 8-bit at the Apple Wiki
* 8-bit computing at Wikipedia
16-bit

**16-bit** refers to **sixteen** binary (0 or 1) units of integer data. This allows for up to 65,536 combinations of values.

* 16-bit color can allow for up to 65,536 grays. However, the assignment of colors can differ: 32,768 colors (32 levels per 5-bit RGB channel) and 1 transparency value in classic Macs, or 4,096 colors (16 levels per 4-bit RGB channel) and 16 transparency levels in NeXT computers. This is also known as "high color" on PCs and "thousands" of colors on classic Mac OS.
* 16-bit sound allows for a range of up to 65,536 values (−32,768 to +32,767) per sample (Hertz).
* 16-bit addressing allows for access to up to 65,536 bytes, or 64 kilobytes of data.
* 16 bits of data make 2 bytes, referred to by programmers as a **word**.

## External links

* 16-bit at the Adobe Wiki
* 16-bit at the Apple Wiki
* 16-bit computing at Wikipedia
Bitmap

A **bitmap** is a data file or structure which corresponds bit-for-pixel with an image displayed on a screen, sometimes in the same format as it would be stored in the display's video memory or maybe as a device independent bitmap.

## Description

A bitmap is characterized by the width and height of the image in pixels and the number of bits per pixel that determines the color depth, which is the number of shades of grey or colors it can represent. A bitmap representing a colored image (a "pixmap") will usually have pixels with between one and eight bits for each of the red, green, and blue (RGB) components, though other color encodings are also used. The green component sometimes has more bits that the other two to cater for the human eye's greater discrimination in this component.

## References

1. ↑ Bitmap at the Free On-Line Dictionary Of Computing. 1996-09-21.

## See also

* Raster graphics
* Vector graphics

## External links

* Bitmap at the Adobe Wiki
* Bitmap at the Apple Wiki
* Bitmap at Wikipedia
MacroModel

**MacroModel** was an early 3D modeling application from Macromedia that could be used in conjunction with MacroMind Three-D.

## Product history

MacroModel was a successor to Swivel 3D that was developed for Macintosh by MacroMind-Paracomp. The application was designed by Young Harvill, who led the engineering team. It supported spline-based editing and conversion to mesh geometry. It was released in 1992 by newly-formed Macromedia. Some of the graphics in the early CD-ROM game *Myst* were produced with MacroModel.

**Version 1.5** added support for Windows in June 1993. This version was included with Macromedia Director Multimedia Studio.

**Version 1.5.3** shipped on August 1, 1994 and added native support for PowerPC processors to run up to 4 times faster on Power Macintosh computers.

MacroModel was succeeded by Macromedia Extreme 3D on January 31, 1996.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 MacroModel joins fledgling 3-D modeling program market by Doug and Denise Green, *InfoWorld*. 1992-12-07.
2. ↑ MacroMind Three-D does animation and rendering by Doug and Denise Green, *InfoWorld*. 1991-07-15.
3. ↑ Macromedia Macromodel 1.5 for Macintosh, Buycott. 2019-09-25.
4. ↑ Author: Young Harvill, Interaction Design Foundation. Accessed 2019-12-30.
5. ↑ MacroModel by Avi Hoffer, *Macworld* p.59. 1994-05.
6. ↑ Myst (1993) by u/Vlad\_the\_Mage, Reddit. 2019-03-06.
7. ↑ Macromedia to show 3-D modeler for Windows by Kelley Damore, *InfoWorld*. 1993-03-29.
8. ↑ Macromedia Ships MacroModel 1.5 for Windows and Macintosh, Macromedia. 1993-05-12. Archived 1999-11-06.
9. ↑ Macromedia Announces Director Multimedia Studio--Windows and Macintosh, Macromedia. 1995-02-06. Archived 1999-09-09.
10. ↑ Macromedia Ships MacroModel 1.5.3 for the Power Macintosh, Macromedia. 1994-08-01. Archived 1999-11-06.
11. ↑ Macromedia takes 3-D to the Extreme by SJS, *MacUser* vol.11, p.41. 1995-10.
12. ↑ Macromedia Ships Extreme 3D, Macromedia. 1996-01-31. Archived 1999-08-19.
Macromedia Authorware 4 Interactive Studio

**Macromedia Authorware 4 Interactive Studio** is a "Studio" software suite that was released by Macromedia on June 5, 1997. It superseded Authorware Interactive Studio and was later replaced by Macromedia Web Learning Studio.

## Applications

* Macromedia Authorware 4
* Macromedia Backstage Internet Studio 2: Enterprise Edition (Windows only)
* Macromedia Director 6
* Macromedia xRes 3
* Solis Pathway MV (Windows only)
* SoundEdit 16 plus Deck II (substituted with Sound Forge XP for Windows users)

## References

1. ↑ Macromedia Ships Authorware 4 Interactive Studio, Macromedia. 1997-06-05.

## External links

* Authorware 4 Interactive Studio at Macromedia (archived 1997-04-06)
* Authorwave adds intranets to its delivery options by Gess Shankar at *InfoWorld* (1997-08-11)
* Authorware Interactive Studio - ( v. 4.0 ) - complete package Series Specs at CNET
* Macromedia Authorware 4 Interactive Studio at the Adobe Wiki
Clement Mok

**Clement Mok** (born 1958) is an art director and designer who worked on the original promotional materials for the Macintosh and the packaging design of MacroMind's product line.

## Career

Mok graduated from the ArtCenter College of Design in 1980. His first job was at the advertising and marketing department of CBS. Tom Suiter, Apple Computer's creative director at the time, tried to recruit Mok, who initially declined. However, Mok reconsidered when he saw co-founder Steve Jobs on the cover of *Time* magazine.

### Apple Computer

Mok was hired by Apple Computer in 1982 as the art director for the Macintosh 128K product launch team. His packaging designs included the original packaging of MacPaint and MacWrite. John Casado was hired to create the Macintosh "Picasso" logo. In 1985, he became co-manager of the Creative Services department and was responsible for all Macintosh promotion, along with corporate and educational marketing.

### After Apple

After leaving Apple Computer in 1988, Mok was responsible for designing logos and packaging for clients such as 3Com, Claris, Farallon, GO Corporation, MacroMind, and The Mirage Resort & Casino. His design studio became Studio Archetype, which was acquired by Sapient in August 1998. Mok then became the Chief Creative Officer of Sapient.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Success Ideas and Tips from Master Graphic Designer, Clement Mok, The Sherwood Group. 2010-09-21.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Apple's origins: An oral history from inside the loop by Shara Tibken, CNET. 2019-04-01.
3. ↑ Clement Mok by Ed Kashi, *Forbes*. 2012-10-06.
4. ↑ Sapient Corp. buys Studio Archetype, AdAge. 1998-08-26.

## References

* Clement Mok official website [DEAD LINK]
* Clement Mok at AIGA
* Clement Mok at the ArtCenter College of Design
* Clement Mok at the Adobe Wiki
* Clement Mok at the Apple Wiki
* Clement Mok at Wikipedia
Macromedia Authorware 4

**Macromedia Authorware 4** is the fourth major version of Authorware. It was released by Macromedia for Windows and Macintosh in 1997. It was also packaged as part of Macromedia Authorware 4 Interactive Studio.

## Version history

The last update, version 4.0.3, was released on January 14, 1998.

## References

1. ↑ An Overview of Authorware 7 — and Its Evolution by Joseph Ganci, *The eLearning Developer's Journal*, p.4-5. 2003-09-22.
2. ↑ Authorwave adds intranets to its delivery options by Gess Shankar, *InfoWorld*. 1997-08-11.
3. ↑ Authorware at Multimedia Workshop Archived 1998-11-25.

## External links

* Authorware 4 at Macromedia (archived 1997-06-07)
	+ Authorware 4.X to 4.0.3 Updates (archived 1999-01-16)
* Macromedia Authorware 4 at the Adobe Wiki
Macromedia Central

**Macromedia Central** was a runtime environment based on Flash Player that had been marketed by Macromedia for developing applications that can be distributed over the internet to run on various operating systems.

## Product history

As an extension of Flash Player, Central shares some similarities with the Java Runtime Environment, but with a much smaller memory footprint through the use of vector animation. The last version of Central, 1.5, was released in September 2004.

Macromedia was acquired by Adobe Systems in December 2005. With the release of Adobe AIR, Central became obsolete and is no longer available for download.

## Easter egg

A hidden *Homestar Runner* cartoon, titled "Where the Crap Are We?" could be found by opening the "About Macromedia Central" dialog box, holding down Ctrl (or command on Macintoshes) and double clicking on the logo. This brings up a password entry box. Enter "sbemail" as the password, and the cartoon will play in the dialog box.

## References

1. ↑ Adobe Completes Acquisition of Macromedia, Adobe Systems. 2005-12-05. Archived 2005-12-07.

## External links

* Macromedia Central at Macromedia (archived 2003-04-01)
* Macromedia Central 1.5 at Adobe (archived 2006-05-06, 2007-06-02)
* Macromedia Central Shire (resource archive) by EyeG
* Macromedia Central at the Adobe Wiki
* Macromedia Central at Wikipedia

### Articles

* Macromedia frees Flash from the browser by David Becker at CNET (2003-03-27)
Julian E. Gómez

**Julian E. Gómez** is a software engineer who led the development of MacroMind Three-D.

## Education

Gomez received an A.B. in computer science from the University of California, Berkeley in June 1977. He received a Ph.D. in computer and information science from Ohio State University in March 1985.

## Career

In January 1986, Gomez became a research scientist at the Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, jointly administered by the NASA Ames Research Center.

### MacroMind

In June 1988, Gomez joined MacroMind as a 3D scientist and led the development of MacroMind Three-D. He left MacroMind in November 1990, right before MacroMind Three-D was released in 1991.

### After MacroMind

Gomez joined the Intouch Group in San Francisco, California as VP of Research & Development in November 1990. In August 1992, he joined Apple Computer as a principal engineer of Macintosh System Software and was a member of the original QuickDraw 3D development team until July 1995. In March 1996, Gomez joined Lego A/S as director of advanced technology and architected the L3D database to record all of Lego's toy pieces in an object-relational database. By May 1997, he became the chief scientist of The Lego Group.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Julian E. Gómez chronological curriculum vitae, Digital Design 2000+ Web Cast. Archived 1999-11-30.
2. ↑ MacroMind Three-D does animation and rendering by Doug and Denise Green, *InfoWorld*. 1991-07-15.

## External links

* Julian E Gómez at ACM Digital Library
* Julian E. Gómez at DBLP Computer Science Bibliography
* Julian Gómez at LinkedIn
* Julian Gómez at Twitter
* Julian E. Gómez at the Apple Wiki
Macromedia Action!

**Macromedia Action!**, formerly **MacroMind Action!**, was an early graphical presentation program developed and marketed by Macromedia. It was discontinued in favor of Macromedia Director and Flash.

## History

Action! began as a simpler "slide"-based presentation program as an alternative to the "stage"-based Director environment. It was the first program for Windows business users that blended sound and motion with text and graphics.

### Versions

* **Version 1.0.1** for Windows was released in 1991. The Macintosh version was released in early 1992 by MacroMind-Paracomp.
* **Version 2.0** for Windows was released later in 1992 by Macromedia and added animated charts with over 100 templates.
* **Version 2.5** for Windows was released in 1993 and added support for analog and digital video.
* **Version 3.0** for Windows was shipped on July 5, 1994.

The Macintosh version only reached up to version 1.0.4. "Special Edition" versions of Action! were sometimes bundled with hardware by manufacturers, but were ineligible for upgrades.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 *Publish!: The How-to Magazine of Desktop Publishing* PCW Communications, vol.9. 1994. Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; name "pcmag-action-charts" defined multiple times with different content
2. ↑ Macromind announces products, acquires Farallon software by Jeanette Borzo, *InfoWorld*, p.13. 1991-11-18.
3. ↑ Reviews, *InfoWorld* p.78. 1992-12-28 / 1993-01-04.
4. ↑ Action 2.5 Adds Support for Analog and Digital Video by Steven Rosenthal, *PC Magazine*, p.63. 1993-02-09.
5. ↑ Action! overview & key features, Macromedia Asia. Archived 1997-02-13.
6. ↑ Macromedia Ships Action! 3.0 for Windows, Macromedia. 1994-07-05. Archived 1999-09-09.
7. ↑ Action! updates, Macromedia Asia. Archived 1997-01-11.
8. ↑ Bug Watch: Bundled Software Doesn't Qualify by Steven Rosenthal, *PC Magazine*, p.29, vol.11. 1993.
9. ↑ Bug Watch: Editor's note: by Steven Rosenthal, *PC Magazine*, p.29, vol.11. 1993.

## External links

* Action! at Macromedia (archived 1996-10-26)
	+ Action! at Macromedia Asia (archived 1997-01-11)
* Macromedia Action! at the Adobe Wiki
Macromedia Breeze

**Macromedia Breeze** was a family of e-learning and communications software developed by Macromedia.

## Product history

Breeze was based on the Presedia Express System, originally created by Presedia, which had been acquired by Macromedia in January 2003.

* Presedia Express Presenter became Macromedia Breeze Presentation
* Presedia Express Trainer became Macromedia Breeze Training

After Macromedia was acquired by Adobe Systems in December 2005, the Breeze software family was rebranded again:

* Macromedia Breeze Meeting became Adobe Connect
* Macromedia Breeze Presenter became Adobe Presenter

## References

1. ↑ Macromedia buys Presedia by Dennis Sellers, *Macworld*. 2003-01-17.
2. ↑ Macromedia relaunches Presedia product by Joris Evers, *NetworkWorld*. 2002-02-24.
3. ↑ Adobe Completes Acquisition of Macromedia, Adobe Systems. 2005-12-05. Archived 2005-12-07.

## External links

* Macromedia Breeze (5) at Macromedia (archived 2005-05-07)
	+ Macromedia Breeze Presenter (5) (archived 2005-05-03, 2006-04-27)
* Macromedia Breeze/ (4.0)/ (4.1) at Macromedia (archived 2003-02-28 / 2003-08-01 / 2004-06-19)
	+ Macromedia Breeze Presentation Platform (archived 2003-08-12)
	+ Macromedia Breeze Presentation (archived 2003-02-28, 2004-06-27, 2004-10-12)
	+ Using the Macromedia Breeze Add-in for Microsoft Outlook (PDF) by Macromedia (2004-10)
* Presedia Express Communicator at Presedia (archived 2002-12-20)
* Macromedia Breeze at the Adobe Wiki
Macromedia ColdFusion MX

**Macromedia ColdFusion MX** (release 6) is a version of ColdFusion that was released by Macromedia on May 29, 2002, superseding Macromedia ColdFusion 5. It was later updated to Macromedia ColdFusion MX 6.1

## Editions

Macromedia ColdFusion MX **Developer Edition** was packaged with Macromedia Studio MX, but only the Windows version was included. The **Enterprise Edition** was included as part of a subscription to Macromedia DevNet.

## Product history

ColdFusion 6 (MX) was first presented by Allaire Corporation as part of their product roadmap under the codename "Neo" at the 2000 Allaire Developer Conference. Allaire was merged into Macromedia in March 2001.

## References

1. ↑ Macromedia ColdFusion MX now available, Macromedia. 2002-05-29. Archived 2002-06-11.
2. ↑ Macromedia Studio MX now available, Macromedia. 2002-05-29. Archived 2002-06-04.
3. ↑ Allaire Developer Conference 2000 Recap, Allaire Corporation. Archived 2001-01-27.
4. ↑ Macromedia Completes Merger With Allaire, Macromedia. 2001-03-20. Archived 2001-03-30.

## External links

* Macromedia ColdFusion MX at Macromedia (archived 2002-06-04)
	+ Macromedia ColdFusion MX: New Feature Comparison Grid (archived 2002-05-02)
	+ Neo Resource Center (archived 2001-11-24)
* Macromedia ColdFusion MX at the Adobe Wiki
Macromedia Afterburner

**Macromedia Afterburner** was a utility Xtra that was included with early versions of Macromedia Director to generate Shockwave (DCR) files.

## Product history

Afterburner was first released as part of a **Shockwave for Director** kit for Macromedia Director 4.0.4, the first version to support both Macintosh and Windows. It compressed Director files by up to 60% for faster downloadability.

The Afterburner Xtra that was included with Macromedia Director 5 was the first to be PowerPC native. It was also the last separate release as the feature was built directly into Director 6.

## References

1. ↑ Macromedia Brings Multimedia To World Wide Web, Macromedia. 1995-10-30. Archived 1999-09-10.
2. ↑ How-to Guide for Using Shockwave to Deliver Web Multimedia by Stephen Wilson, San Francisco State University. Archived 2012-11-14.

## External links

* Macromedia Afterburner at the Adobe Wiki
Macromedia DevCon 2002 Japan

The **2002 Macromedia Developer Conference Japan** (**DevCon 2002 Japan**) was held November 19 to 20, 2002 at the Cerulean Tower Tokyu Hotel in Shibuya, Tokyo by Macromedia. It shared the same theme as the U.S. conference, which was "Architecting a New Internet Experience".

## Events

Keynote speakers included Macromedia VP of marketing Adam Berrey and CEO Rob Burgess. Richard Kley of Apple Computer presented the PowerBook G4 and Mac OS X 10.2.

## References

1. ↑ Macromedia DevCon 2002 Japan 基調講演 (Japanese), Macromedia Japan. Archived 2002-11-23.

## External links

* Macromedia DevCon 2002 Japan (Japanese) at Macromedia Japan (archived 2002-12-04)
Macromedia Authorware 3

**Macromedia Authorware 3** is the third major version of Authorware, released by Macromedia on August 1, 1995.

## Version 3.5

Authorware 3.5 was released on June 10, 1996 and introduced significant speed improvements with 32-bit native Windows 95/NT support for PCs and PowerPC support for Macs. It supported Macromedia Director's Lingo scripting language and could import Director movies and export to Shockwave. A Shockwave for Authorware plugin was also included for Netscape Navigator 2.0. However, it was deemed a paid upgrade for existing Authorware 3.0 users. It was also packaged as part of Macromedia Authorware Interactive Studio.

## References

1. ↑ An Overview of Authorware 7 — and Its Evolution by Joseph Ganci, *The eLearning Developer's Journal*, p.4. 2003-09-22.
2. ↑ Macromedia Ships Authorware 3.0 with Free Director Multimedia Studio, Macromedia. 1995-08-01. Archived 1999-09-09.
3. ↑ Macromedia Ships Authorware 3.5 Making Multimedia Authoring Sizzle at Speeds up to 200% Faster, Macromedia. 1996-06-10. Archived 1999-09-10.
4. ↑ Authorware 3.5 New Features, Macromedia. Archived 1997-03-29.
5. ↑ Authorware 3.5 How to Upgrade, Macromedia. Archived 1997-03-29.

## External links

* Authorware 3.5 at Macromedia (archived 1997-03-29)
* Macromedia Authorware 3 at the Adobe Wiki
Aldus Corporation

**Aldus Corporation** was a software company that had developed PageMaker and marketed FreeHand.

## History

Aldus was founded by Paul Brainerd, Jeremy Jaech, Mark Sundstrom, Mike Templeman, and Dave Walter in Seattle, Washington in February 1984. In the fall of 1987, Aldus licensed a graphical program from Altsys Corporation and released it as Aldus FreeHand, with Altsys retaining development rights.

### Merger

In February 1990, Aldus announced its intention to acquire Silicon Beach Software, which was completed for US$25.5 million in stock. Aldus appointed Bruce Chizen as the VP and general manager of the studio in San Diego.

Aldus itself was absorbed by Adobe Systems in a merger that was completed on August 31, 1994. Altsys sued to regain marketing rights to FreeHand, citing a non-compete clause because of Adobe's development of Adobe Illustrator. Other products from the Aldus line were rebranded to Adobe in May 1995. By December 2000, Bruce Chizen had become the CEO of Adobe.

## Products

* After Effects
* Aldus Fetch
* Aldus FreeHand
* Aldus Gallery Effects
* Aldus IntelliDraw
* Aldus PageMaker
* Aldus Persuasion
* Aldus PhotoStyler
* Aldus SuperCard
* Aldus SuperPaint

## References

1. ↑ Aldus Corp, Crunchbase. Accessed 2019-11-21.
2. ↑ Aldus Licenses Altsys' Mac Graphics Program, *InfoWorld* p.65. 1987-09-21.
3. ↑ Aldus to Add Products, Enhance Pagemaker, *InfoWorld* p.125. 1987-10-26.
4. ↑ Briefs, *The New York Times*. 1990-02-08.
5. ↑ Aldus Corporation History, Funding Universe. Accessed 2019-11-22.
6. ↑ Business Leaders: Bruce R. Chizen, MarketScreener. Accessed 2020-04-20.
7. ↑ Aldus and Adobe Lay Claim to Digital Publishing by Laurie Flynn, *The New York Times*. 1994-08-24.
8. ↑ Aldus and Adobe Systems Finalize Merger, Computer History Museum. 1994-08-31.
9. ↑ Macromedia's purchase of Altsys raises questions by Pardhu Vadlamudi, *InfoWorld* p.24. 1994-11-07.
10. ↑ Adobe Systems Continues Product Line Rebranding, Adobe Systems. 1995-05-08. Archived 1996-10-22.
11. ↑ Bruce Chizen Biography, *Encyclopedia of World Biography*. Accessed 2020-04-21.

## External links

* Aldus Corporation at Bloomberg
* Aldus Corporation at IT History Society
* Aldus Corporation History at Funding Universe
* Aldus Corporation at Logopedia
* Aldus Corporation at the Adobe Wiki
* Aldus at Wikipedia

### Articles

* Expanding the Empire, *Inside the Publishing Revolution: The Adobe Story* by Pamela Pfiffner (PDF, 2003-03)
Authorware Inc.

**Authorware Inc.**, based in Minneapolis, was the original developer and marketer of the Authorware interactive learning system.

## History

Dr. Michael W. Allen of Control Data Corporation (CDC) developed a visual version of PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations). When CDC expressed little interest in the project, Allen was permitted to to make a bid for the technology. He then founded the Authorware company in 1984, which was incorporated the following year. Authorware captured 80% of the computer-based learning market in about 3 years; 30% of the company's revenue came from professional consulting services. It also launched a Creative Partners program to attract developers with software discounts.

### Merger

Authorware Inc. merged with MacroMind-Paracomp to form Macromedia in March 1992. Authorware CEO Bud Colligan became president and COO of the combined company. In December 2005, Macromedia itself was acquired by Adobe Systems. In August 2007, Adobe announced that Authorware development would be discontinued as the eLearning market had migrated to its Flash and Captivate products.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Authorware Fulfills Multimedia's Promise With Product and Direction by Ruthann Quindlen, *InfoWorld*, p.98. 1990-05-07.
2. ↑ An Overview of Authorware 7 — and Its Evolution by Joseph Ganci, *The eLearning Developer's Journal*, p.4-5. 2003-09-22.
3. ↑ Definition of: Macromedia, *PC Magazine*. Accessed 2019-11-03.
4. ↑ Top Notch, Top Dollar, Authorware Is a Serious Multimedia Tool by Paul Murphy, *PC Magazine*. 1992-01-14.
5. ↑ Merger builds multimedia powerhouse by Jeanette Borzo, *InfoWorld*, p.9. 1992-03-09.
6. ↑ Adobe Completes Acquisition of Macromedia, Adobe Systems. 2005-12-05. Archived 2005-12-07.
7. ↑ Authorware is officially dead. by Michael, Adobe Community. 2007-08-03. Archived 2019-11-04.
8. ↑ Authorware from Adobe, Adobe Systems. Archived 2007-10-12.

## External links

* Authorware.com by Dazzle Technologies (Flash required)
* Authorware Inc. at the Adobe Wiki
* Adobe Authorware: History at Wikipedia
MacroMind ComicWorks

**MacroMind ComicWorks** was an early multi-page layout application with text and paint capabilities that was developed by MacroMind (the predecessor of Macromedia) and released by Mindscape in 1986.

## Features

The package contained the main application on one 400KB single-sided floppy disk and the comic art libraries produced by Mike Saenz on the other two. Marc Canter, Jay Fenton, Erik Neumann, and Dan Sadowski at MacroMind are credited with developing the application.

Mindscape also released just the application by itself as GraphicWorks without the comic art.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Desktop Publishing #1 (including MacroMind ComicWorks) by Stewart Cheifet, *The Computer Chronicles*. 1986-11-02.
2. ↑ To the Editor by Marc Canter, *InfoWorld*, p.38. 1987-04-06.

## External links

* ComicWorks 1.0 / GraphicWorks 1.0 at Daniel's Legacy Computer Collections
* MacroMind ComicWorks at the Adobe Wiki
Macromedia Backstage

**Backstage** was a line of web site development tools created by iBand and later acquired by Macromedia. Its major competitors at the time were Adobe PageMill and SiteMill, and Vermeer FrontPage.

## Product history

In December 1995, iBand first announced Backstage for Windows 3.1, 95 and NT. Beta testing for Windows 95 and NT began in March 1996.

Macromedia acquired iBand and the Backstage product line on March 13, 1996. Version 1.0 of Macromedia Backstage Desktop Studio and Enterprise Studio were released as part of a trial beta program in April 1996 and shipped on April 29 and July 1, respectively.

Macromedia began beta testing Backstage Internet Studio 2 in December 1996. It was released in the first quarter of 1997 in Desktop and Enterprise editions.

### Legacy

The codebase of Backstage later became the foundation of Macromedia Dreamweaver. In December 2005, Macromedia itself was acquired by Adobe Systems. Adobe then rebranded the program as Adobe Dreamweaver, which replaced their own GoLive HTML editor.

## References

1. ↑ Macromedia in Deal To Acquire Iband by Reuters, *The New York Times*. 1996-03-15.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Web vendors introduce development advances by Nick Wingfield, *InfoWorld*. 1995-12-11.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Why Adobe Doesn’t Understand Web Designers by Joshua Johnson, Design Shack. 2011-08-08.
4. ↑ Macromedia to pay $32M shares for web software firm iBand, *Computer Business Review*. 1996-03-19.
5. ↑ Macromedia goes Backstage, CNET. 1996-03-13.
6. ↑ Backstage magic conjures sophisticated Web sites by Mike Heck, *InfoWorld*. 1996-04-15.
7. ↑ Macromedia launches Backstage web development line, *Computer Business Review*. 1996-06-27.
8. ↑ Macromedia Ships Backstage Products, Powerful Tools for Building Dynamic Web Sites, Macromedia. 1996-04-29. Archived 1999-09-10.
9. ↑ Macromedia Ships Backstage Enterprise Studio, Powerful Tools for Building Database-Driven Web Sites, Macromedia. 1996-07-01. Archived 1999-08-19.
10. ↑ Macromedia constructs new Backstage by Carol Silwa at *Network World*. 1996-12-09.

	* Desktop apps get more Web tools by Pardhu Vadlamudi at *Info World*. 1996-12-16.
12. ↑ Adobe Completes Acquisition of Macromedia, Adobe Systems. 2005-12-05. Archived 2005-12-07.

## External links

* Backstage Internet Studio at Macromedia (archived 1997-03-29)
* Creating Web Sites with Macromedia's Backstage Desktop Studio by Dennis Hamilton at *Web Publishing: Professional Reference Edition*, ch.13. (1997)
* Macromedia Backstage at the Adobe Wiki
MacroMind-Paracomp SoundEdit Pro

**SoundEdit Pro** was a sound editing application that was distributed by MacroMind-Paracomp.

## Background

In November 1991, the MacroMind-Paracomp announced that it was acquiring Farallon Computing's SoundEdit audio software. It was released in 1992 as SoundEdit Pro 1.0, which added support for 16-bit sound. In that same year, MacroMind-Paracomp merged with Authorware Inc. to form what would become Macromedia.

On July 5, 1994, Macromedia released its successor, SoundEdit 16, with the ability to handle sound files larger than available RAM.

## References

1. ↑ Macromind announces products, acquires Farallon software by Jeanette Borzo, *InfoWorld*, p.13. 1991-11-18.
2. ↑ Macromedia SoundEdit Pro by Paul D. Lehrman. *Sound on Sound*. mu:zines. 1992-11.
3. ↑ Merger builds multimedia powerhouse by Jeannette Borzo, *InfoWorld*. 1992-03-09.
4. ↑ Macromedia Ships SoundEdit 16, Macromedia. 1994-07-05. Archived 1999-09-09.

## External links

* MacroMind-Paracomp SoundEdit Pro at the Adobe Wiki
1996

* **January 31:** Macromedia Extreme 3D (version 1) is released.
* **February 13:** Macromedia ships xRes 2.0 for the Macintosh.
* **April 29:** Macromedia Backstage Designer Plus and Backstage Desktop Studio are shipped.
* **May 22:** Macromedia xRes 2.0 ships for Windows.
* **June 10:** Macromedia Authorware 3.5 is shipped.
* **July 1:** Macromedia Backstage Enterprise Studio is shipped.
* **August 28:** Future CEO Rob Burgess joins Macromedia.
* **September 4-6:** The 7th annual Macromedia User Conference (UCON '96) is held in San Francisco.
* **October 28:** Macromedia ships FreeHand Graphics Studio 7.
* **November 1:** Rob Burgess becomes president of Macromedia.
* **December 4-6:** The first Macromedia European User Conference is held in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
* **December 16:** Macromedia Extreme 3D 2 is released.

## External links

* Press Releases at Allaire (archived 1997-03-08)
	+ Allaire In The News (archived 1997-03-08)
* Press Releases for 1996 at Macromedia (archived 1999-10-05)
MacroMind Three-D

**MacroMind Three-D** was an early 3D animation and rendering animation package from MacroMind.

## Product history

Development began in 1988 with a team started by 3D scientist Julian E. Gómez. MacroMind Three-D was released in 1991 as a sister product to MacroModel, which was released the following year. Both were succeeded by Macromedia Extreme 3D in 1996.

## Applications

* MacroMind 3DWorks - animation, lighting, and camera setup.
	+ MacroMind ModelMover - imports and converts 3D models from other software packages.
* MacroMind RenderWorks - renders of 3DWorks projects in 8 or 32-bit color.
* MacroMind FireWorks (formerly ImageWorks during development) - post-production of RenderWorks graphics into PICT sequences or PICS files.
* MacroMind Accelerator - compiles image sequences into a streaming file that can be played back quickly from memory.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2D & 3D Animation: MacroMind 3D (Mac), University of Macedonia (Greek). 2007-02-15.
2. ↑ Julian E. Gómez chronological curriculum vitae, Digital Design 2000+ Web Cast. Archived 1999-11-30.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 MacroMind Three-D does animation and rendering by Doug and Denise Green, *InfoWorld*. 1991-07-15.
4. ↑ MacroModel weds Three-D, lives happily ever after, *Macworld*, vol.13, p.60. 1996.

## External links

* Macromind Three-D animation, rendering, and video production software (developer version) at the Internet Archive (2017-09-11)
* MacroMind Three-D Demo by ねこのこね! at Nifty Cocolog (2012-03-20)
* MacroMind Three-D at the Adobe Wiki

### Articles

* MacroMinds tag team rules the multimedia ring at *InfoWorld* (1991-08-05)
MacroMind VideoWorks

**MacroMind VideoWorks** was an early animation program that was developed by MacroMind (predecessor of Macromedia).

## Product history

Marc Canter, Jay Fenton and Mark Stephen Pierce of MacroMind had originally designed a multimedia application called SoundVision with graphics, text, and sound capabilities for Apple Computer's Macintosh 128K. The media elements were timed by a "score" based on an early implementation of MIDI. At the insistence of Hayden Software, the publisher, the sound and graphics features were split into two products that became MacroMind MusicWorks and VideoWorks, which were released in October 1984 and June 1985, respectively. The programming was done by Fenton and Dan Sadowski.

In December 1985, Fenton implemented a customized version of VideoWorks with Tiny BASIC that was licensed to Apple to build interactive training demos. Apple had previously been using audio cassettes for guided tours of their new Macintosh line. The first such animated tour to be built with VideoWorks was for the Macintosh Plus. Apple was unable to build interactive tutorials with their own technology until Bill Atkinson created HyperCard in 1987.

VideoWorks II added color capabilities and was self-published by MacroMind in 1987. In 1988, Canter announced that that the next version, VideoWorks Professional, would feature additional paint capabilities. It was released in 1989 as MacroMind Director 1.0.

John Henry Thompson and Erik Neumann developed a new scripting language called Lingo to replace Tiny BASIC in VideoWorks Interactive Pro. It was released in April 1990 as MacroMind Director 2.0.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 *The Birth of MacroMind* by Marc Canter, p.63. Festival Ars Electronica. 2003-08.
2. ↑ What Is an Authoring System? by Randall Packer, Ken Jordan, *Multimedia: From Wagner to Virtual Reality*, p.201. 2002.
3. ↑ Peripherals; Portable screen for Apple by Peter H. Lewis, *The New York Times*. 1985-02-19.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 An Unofficial Brief History of Director by Luke Wigley, Lingo Workshop. 2017-01-27.
5. ↑ Apple’s cassette from 1984: A Guided Tour of Macintosh and A Guided Tour of MacWrite & MacPaint by Dave Mark, The Loop. 2019-05-09.
6. ↑ Guided Tour of Macintosh by BasalGangster, The Long View. 2011-08-31.
7. ↑ HyperCard On The Archive (Celebrating 30 Years of HyperCard) by Jason Scott, The Internet Archive. 2017-08-11.
8. ↑ VideoWorks II ad, The Dot Eaters Video Game History 101. 2019-07-13.
9. ↑ VideoWorks to Get 3-D, Professional Versions by Nick Arnett, *InfoWorld*, p.27. 1988-08-01.
10. ↑ Director Makes It Easy to Create Multimedia Presentations by Michael J. Miller, *InfoWorld*, p.S11. 1989-05-11.
11. ↑ Director's Increased Interactivity Lauded by Paul Worthington, *InfoWorld*, p.27. 1990-04-30.