Roman Republic

Wikipedia page of Roman Republic has everything you need to know about the Roman Republic.

Roman provinces on the eve of the assassination of Julius Caesar, 44 BCE

## Roman Republic

### Precced by

* Roman Kingdom
* Makedonian Empire

### Succeded by

* Roman Empire

however the next points of wikipedia are very important to read.

History is not just a book (real or virtual in a pdf or fandom) , to understand history and learn from it you need first to understand the world at the time.

the life of the people , the laws , the ideas...

* Roman Law
* Citizen/Human Rights in Roman Republic
* SPQR - *Senatus Populusque Romanus* (The Roman Senate and People).
* Duty of Politicians/Constitution
* Magic in Roman Republic
* Sex Life in Roman Republic

and so...After the election of Julius Caesar as one of the consuls of 59 BCE, Pompey and Caesar, along with Crassus, engaged in a political alliance that started a chain of events which lead to the end of the Republic in 27 BCE.

and the spark of the Era of The Roman Empire.

# History

The fall of Makedonia fueled Rome's insatiable thirst for expansion and conquest. The victorious Romans turned their gaze towards the Hellenistic kingdoms of Greece, the Greek city-states found themselves at the mercy of Rome. Some welcomed the Romans as liberators, weary of the constant power struggles that had plagued their region for centuries. Others, however, clung fiercely to their autonomy, unwilling to submit to foreign rule.

The Roman legions swept across Greece, encountering both fierce resistance and moments of capitulation. The Battle of Corinth in 146 BCE proved to be a pivotal moment in this campaign, with the defeat of Corinth, Greece was absorbed into the growing Roman Republic, becoming the province of Achaia.

As Rome expanded its dominion, it encountered a multitude of challenges and adversaries. The Carthaginian Empire, once a formidable rival, had been brought to its knees in the devastating Punic Wars. With Carthage's fall, Rome asserted its authority over the Western Mediterranean, solidifying its position as the preeminent naval power.

In the east, the Seleucid Empire, the last remaining vestige of Alexander the Great's once-mighty empire,

After the decisive victory in the Arcane Uprising, the Roman Republic gained control over Greece, solidifying its authority in the region. The aftermath of the conflict brought about a unique discovery—an ancient library hidden within Delphi, filled with knowledge and mystical texts.

Recognizing the potential of harnessing these newfound arts, Pompey established a dedicated group of scholars and alchemists, known as the Collegium Magicae. Their purpose was to study and refine the ancient knowledge unearthed in Delphi.

The Roman Republic, with the aid of these insights, gained an advantage in making strategic decisions and predicting the outcomes of military campaigns.

The Senate and the Generals of the Military, studied this knowledge that led to the establishment of academies and schools of magic across Rome. The study of Barbelos' tactics brought about significant changes in the Roman approach to warfare.

One notable battlefield example of a highly effective tactic employed by the Roman Republic, inspired by their study of Barbelos' strategies, was the implementation of the "Vortex" formation.

Julius Caesar was born in 100 BCE into a prominent patrician family. Caesar's rise to power began during the turbulent final years of the Roman Republic. He formed a triumvirate, a political alliance, with two other influential figures, Pompey and Crassus, which allowed them to jointly control Roman politics and advance their own interests. Together, they managed to pass legislation and secure Caesar's appointment as consul in 59 BCE.

In 58 BCE, Caesar was appointed as proconsul, granting him military command over the provinces of Gaul. Over the course of the next eight years, he led a series of brilliant military campaigns known as the Gallic Wars. Caesar's victories expanded Roman control over Gaul and established him as a highly respected military commander.

However, tensions between Caesar and Pompey, his former ally, escalated, leading to the outbreak of the Roman civil war in 49 BCE. Caesar emerged as the victor, forcing Pompey to flee and ultimately meet his demise.

Cleopatra VII was born in 69 BCE in Alexandria, Egypt. Upon the death of her father in 51 BCE, Cleopatra ascended to the throne alongside her younger brother, Ptolemy XIII. Initially, the siblings ruled jointly, but their relationship quickly deteriorated into a power struggle. Cleopatra sought alliances and support outside Egypt to solidify her position and protect the kingdom's interests.

It was during this time that she traveled to Rome in 48 BCE to assert her claim to the Egyptian throne and sought Caesar's support. Their affair and alliance brought Cleopatra into the heart of Roman politics and secured her position against her brother's forces.

Cleopatra's relationship with Caesar helped her secure her position on the Egyptian throne and gain political influence in Rome. However, their alliance faced opposition, and Caesar's assassination in 44 BCE marked a turning point in Cleopatra's life as she navigated the shifting dynamics of Roman politics and formed a new alliance with Mark Antony.

Cleopatra and Mark Antony first met in 41 BCE, and their relationship quickly developed into a romantic and political alliance. Cleopatra and Antony had three children together: twins Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene, born in 40 BCE, and another son, Ptolemy Philadelphus, born in 36 BCE. Their relationship was not only personal but also had significant political implications. Cleopatra used her influence over Antony to further her ambitions for Egypt and to expand her influence in the Eastern Mediterranean. She played an active role in Antony's political affairs and joined him in military campaigns.

In the Battle of Actium in 31 BCE. Antony and Cleopatra's forces were defeated by Octavian's army in a naval battle off the western coast of Greece. Following the battle, Cleopatra and Antony retreated to Egypt, where they faced increasing pressure from Octavian's forces. In 30 BCE, as Octavian's army closed in on Alexandria, Antony received false news of Cleopatra's death. Heartbroken, he took his own life. Cleopatra, upon learning of Antony's death, also decided to end her life and died by suicide, through the bite of a venomous snake.

After the defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra, Octavian emerged as the sole leader in Rome. In 27 BCE, the Roman Senate awarded him the title of Augustus, marking the beginning of his principate, a term used to describe his rule as the first emperor.

Under Augustus, the Roman Republic transitioned into the Roman Empire. He established a period of relative stability and prosperity known as the Pax Romana (Roman Peace), which lasted for approximately two centuries.