Firocco-Liotain War (1701-1708)

## The Svyturys Crisis

The initial disagreements that led to the Firoccan-Liotainian War started in the late 1600s.  The exact causes of the war are still disputed by historians, with significant disagreement focusing on the legitimacy of both the **Svyturys Contract of 1604** and the **Markas II Marriage Agreement of 1603**.

In 1604, rights to develop the port city of Svyturys were given to Firocco as part of a complicated series of political agreements related to the engagement of the Liotainian crown prince Markas of the **House of Dobis-Kanas** (1588-1654) to the Firoccan princess Teodora Virginia (1595-1642).  The arranged marriage was intended to solidify a long-running alliance that had existed between Liotain and Antargentina, which had culminated in the Holy League of 1570 and their joint victory against Kabirite invasion at the Battle of Cape Sovata.  The exact details of that agreement, however, would provide the basis for war over a century later.

When Svyturys was deeded to Firocco, it was a relatively small town at the mouth of the Svyturys River.  It had a decent anchorage for large merchant ships, and was well-situated to cater to Liotain's eastern provinces, where irrigation projects made previously arid land viable for crops, and repression of Anitkabirite bandits by the Liotainian Army allowed greater security for settlers.  The Firoccan traders quickly capitalized on Svyturys' location and harbour.  By 1614, the Treaty Port was already home to a large population of Firoccan-born citizens, and had doubled in size to around thirty thousand (with an estimated quarter of them being native Firoccan-speaking colonists).

In 1640, discrepancies regarding Svyturys were found between the Markas II Marriage Agreement and the Svyturys Contract of 1604.  In the former document, with its authoritative copy held by Liotain, the port of Svyturys was ostensibly deeded to Firocco for a term of ninety years, whereupon it would revert once again to Liotainian control.  Moreover, the Agreement claimed that Liotain could enact taxes on all trade passing out of the port, although none had ever been instituted in the thirty-six years prior.

Conversely, the Svyturys Contract of 1604, with its authoritative copy held in the Firoccan capital of Damlis, claimed that Svyturys was to be held by Firocco in perpetuity, and made no statement about taxes to be levied on trade.  According to Firoccan records, a second copy of the Contract was supposed to be in the Liotainian archives, but this copy was never found.

Due to the differing texts of the two documents, the lack of any Liotainian copy of the Svyturys Contract of 1604 or a Firoccan copy of the Markas II Marriage Agreement, both parties strongly suspected the other country of forging documents in order to justify their claims.  By the time the differences were discovered in 1640, the original negotiators of the various treaties were deceased, and what supporting documentation could be found was circumstantial at best.  Over the centuries, various scholars have attempted to determine which of the documents were genuine, with a range of conclusions.

Throughout the reign of Markas II, the issue slowly grew in scope.  Markas II's marriage to Teodora Virginia was an unhappy one; Teodora was known to be both mentally unstable and unfaithful, with only her first child, future king Vydmantas III, belonging definitively to Markas.  In 1638, after Teodora reputedly tossed one of her children out a third-story window for 'spying,' Markas had her confined year-round to the summer palace at Rekyva.  Teodora's health very quickly diminished and she died, possibly by suicide, in 1642.  This did nothing to ease tensions with Firocco, with quiet rumors accusing Markas of killing his wife so that he could legally remarry.

### Attempt at Negotiations

In spite of these issues, Markas II and his son Vydmantas III (1616-1684) maintained a somewhat-strained peace with Firocco.  Vydmantas attempted to resolve the Svyturys issue during a personal visit to Damlis in 1658, but was rebuffed.  As a result, Vydmantas declared that although Liotain had the right to tax trade through Svyturys, he would not do so for the remainder of his reign.  This did nothing to settle the Firoccan government, which insisted Liotain had no legal standing to Svyturys whatsoever.

By the time of Vydmantas' death in 1684, Svyturys had grown to a substantial port with a large population of nearly 60,000, making it the largest of Firocco's Treaty Ports (by population) and the fourth-largest city in Liotainian territory, trailing Neris, Sventoji, and Rokantiskes.  Beginning in 1672, the Firoccan government constructed extensive fortifications in the region in order to protect the city, which further irritated the Liotainians.  A twelve-mile long artificial watercourse, the Escudo do Rei, was laid out along the city's outer defenses, which would significantly hinder any Liotainian attack.

Vydmantas' son and heir Kazimieras II (1644-1695) continued his predecessors' efforts to resolve the crisis, which by 1690 was no longer merely simmering.  The ninety-year term identified in the Markas II Marriage Contract would expire in 1694, and Kazimieras declared that he expected the terms of the treaty to be honoured.  The Firoccan government, in turn, denounced any further attempts to resolve the crisis, continuing to build up the landward defenses of Svyturys and establishing storehouses against a siege.  Trade between Svyturys and the rest of Liotain continued unabated, however, as Kazimieras could not afford to cut off travel between the Trade Port and the surrounding region, some of which supported the Firoccan administration.  However, as an alternative to Svyturys, Kazimieras did establish Royal Ports in Rietavas (relatively close across the Bight to Svyturys) and Telsai (further down the coast to the southeast).

In response to the fortification of the city, the Liotainians enacted high tariffs on all goods flowing into Svyturys, with the highest tariffs reserved for foodstuffs.  As the city did not have enough farmland to be self-sufficient, the Firoccan administration imported food by sea, often at great expense.  The Firoccans responded with their own punishing tariffs aimed at Liotain, which proved even more damaging in response.

### Anitkabir War of 1693-1700

In 1693, Kazimieras would be distracted from the Svyturys Crisis by a war with Anitkabir, which invaded Liotainian territory and marched on Trakai, besieging it in the early days of 1694.  The city held out until the arrival of a Liotainian relief expedition, which forced the Kabirite army to retreat after several inconclusive battles.  The poor showing of the Liotainian Army in this campaign convinced the Firoccans that Kazimieras could not afford an outright invasion of Svyturys, and they covertly financed the Anitkabirite government from late 1694 onward, providing modern flintlock muskets and occasionally cannon.  A second Kabirite invasion in 1695, aimed at the growing port city of Telsai, resulted in the capture and sack of that city in June 1695.  Kazimieras died only a month later, likely due to complications caused by his obesity, with the crown passing into the hands of his older son Kazimieras III (1670-1699), sometimes called Kazimieras Jaunesnysis, or Kazimieras the Younger.

Kazimieras Jaunesnysis faced a number of challenges stemming from his father's rule.  His father had been an unpopular ruler, and Kazimieras shared most of his autocratic tendencies.  The elected Teismas, first convened in 1479, never met in assembly during his reign, and resentment simmered throughout the country.  Kazimieras proved himself an indifferent politician and administrator, and he spent most of his reign with his army, living in luxurious conditions while many enlisted soldiers went months without pay.  In spite of this, Kazimieras liberated Telsai in 1697 and defeated the Kabirite army in the course of several campaigns in the border regions.  In 1700, having largely defeated the Kabirite army, he turned his attention back to Svyturys.  He arrived outside the city with an army of seven thousand men, and issued the 20th May Ultimatum, demanding the unconditional return of Svyturys and taxes dating back to 1694.  In a stinging response delivered from the city's defensive works, the Firoccan governor asked the Liotainian soldiers to cheer if they'd been paid in the last six months.  After several long moments of silence, the governor turned to his Syrellian mercenaries and asked the same question, receiving three rousing cheers.  Kazimieras reportedly gave no response, and the army decamped a week later, returning to the Anitkabir border.

In October, Kazimieras dispatched a final ultimatum to Damlis, demanding the keys to Svyturys by December, and promising war.  He remained with a large portion of his army on the border with Anitkabir, however, as he wished to complete the capture of the city of Vize (modern Zeimiai) which had resisted siege for the past year.  In November, in the final week before the city surrendered, Kazimieras was struck at distance by a Kabirite musketeer.  He contracted sepsis from the wound and died on the 24th of December after long and extensive agonies, leaving no children as his heirs.  In his final weeks, Kazimieras did not back away from his collision course with Firocco, and he penned a declaration of war from his sickbed on the 17th.

Upon receiving Kazimieras's ultimatum in November, King Emmanuel of Firocco responded with a moment of levity, remarking to his court that "Ah well, it'll be war then.  I suppose we'll have the rest of their ports once they sue for peace."

The death of Kazimieras Jaunesnysis precipitated a crisis that could have destroyed the kingdom, as he'd died with no heir.  Although his younger brother Karolis (1674-1752) was the most obvious claimant to the crown, several potential pretenders poised to make their move.  Karolis, who would eventually be called the *Quiet King*, sidelined then all in a series of diplomatic master-strokes, with the full support of his younger sister Vilmante (1676-1755).  The two siblings negotiated with one of their strongest potential opponents, Raimondas Petrona, resulting in Karolis marrying Raimondas' daughter Antanina (1683 - 1753).

By contrast with his father and elder brother, Karolis proved to be an exceptionally capable monarch and administrator.  He called a session of the Teismas, instituted long-overdue currency and land reforms, paid the army, and achieved diplomatic recognition from neighboring Antargentina and Celtica.  The one thing he was not able to swiftly address, however, was the war with Firocco, which - as had been the case on so many prior occasions - declined to negotiate on what they felt was an indisputable fact.

Diego, Count of Vizlaya - Firocco's ambassador to Liotain - remained in Neris through January of 1701, although war had technically been declared; he spent the time conspiring with potential pretenders to the Liotainian crown.  Raimondas Petrona initially declined to hear Diego's offers of Firoccan support, but warmed up to the idea - with the Firoccan ambassador not realizing that Petrona shared this correspondence with Karolis.  Diego's letters to a second potential claimant, Tomas Balthis, were intercepted by royal agents, who revealed it before the Teismas in February, destroying Balthis's support and solidifying Karolis's claim even further.

## Initial Liotainian Defeats (1701-1702)

### Siege of Svyturys

With the declaration of war, the Liotainian Army marshalled seven thousand men near Rietavas and marched down the coast to Svyturys, with the intention of seizing the city outright.  The army, under General Jurgus Zukas, quickly bogged down in an attempt to cross the Escudo do Rei and the walls beyond it, with four separate assaults failing between March and June.  The Liotainian Army's recent combat experience against Anitkabir proved relatively meaningless, as the defensive works proved significantly more advanced, and much more modern, than anything used by Anitkabir.  The Liotainian shortage of siege artillery proved frustrating, as they were unable to defeat the Firoccan fortifications, which were manned by excellent Syrellian mercenaries.

The Liotainians were also forced to divide their attention.  Although they had defeated Anitkabir, that long-running war continued to simmer, requiring the bulk of the Liotainian Army to remain on the southeastern border.  For their part, the Firoccans continued to supply Anitkabir with modern flintlock muskets, and encouraged them to invade Liotainian territory as a distraction.  In 1701, the Kabirite army remained on the defensive, but they would launch new campaigns in 1702 and 1704.

### Five Days Battle

*Main article: Five Days Battle (1701)*

***Insert shortened synopsis of the Five Days Battle here.***

## Privateer Actions

Although the Liotainian military had met disasters in their initial campaigns, they did not meet defeat everywhere.  From mid-1701, Karolis issued letters-of-marque to Liotainian privateers, who used small, fast Liotainian-built polacres and xebecs to hunt Firoccan merchant ships.  This proved exceptionally profitable, as Firoccan merchant ships were extremely common on the Encircled Sea, and the Firoccan Navy could not protect them all.

Foremost among the Liotainian privateers were the brothers Marius and Ansaldo Ferrodumond.  Both had experience on the Astyrian coast, and they now returned to the service of their mother's homeland to fight against Firocco.  Commanding the sixteen-gun polacre *Mistika*, the Ferrodumond brothers seized the twelve-gun Firoccan xebec *Doris* in November 1701, and the twenty-gun xebec *Soraia* in early 1702, recommissioning both ships as privateers under the Liotainian flag.  When pursued by a Firoccan frigate sent to stop them, the two brothers turned the tables, capturing the twenty-eight gun *Valquiria* in June of 1702.  With this powerful ship added to their personal fleet, they continued raiding.

In 1703, the Ferrodumond brothers, now joined by Ansaldo's daughter Grazina (1680-1765) in command of the sixteen-gun xebec *Kokete*, gathered a group of Liotainian privateers for one of their boldest acts of daring.  Leading a force of twelve ships, the Ferrodumonds raided three ports on the Isle of Balefornia, ransomed the largest city, and plundered then burned the palace of Count Carlos.  Graziella Ferrodumond reportedly pillaged fifty thousand florins worth of dresses and jewelry from the palace before it was burned, and wore the countess's tiara, with its forty-carat blue diamond, when she was presented to Karolis' court in 1704.

The raid on Balefornia sparked Firoccan reprisals, including a second raid on Telsai in September 1704, which did little aside from burning a portion of the city that had been missed in the 1701 raid.  An attempted bombardment of Rietavas in December 1704, however, found the Liotainian defenders prepared, and the Firoccan admiral (Ramiro, Marquis do Sardinha) called off the attack.  The Marquis had been dispatched with only a single true warship, the sixty-four gun *Santo Xavier*, backed by six armed merchant ships pressed into service to fight the Liotainian privateers.

In April 1705, Liotainian privateers pulled off another daring raid, this time against a Firoccan treaty port that had been established in Anitkabir.  Tancredis di Salice, a Firoccan nobleman who went into exile after losing a lawsuit to protect his inheritance from his parents' predatory business partner, gathered a crew of Liotainian privateers in order to avenge the injustices he'd received in his homeland.  Di Salice personally led the raid, which resulted in every single Firoccan building in the port being ransacked and burned, along with seven ships - five of which formerly belonged to his parents, but had been lost due to legal actions.

Not all Liotainian privateers were as successful as the Ferrodumond brothers, but the Liotainian corsairs caused extensive economic damage to the Firoccans, buoying up Liotainian spirits during a very dark period of the war.

## Liotainian Reorganization (1701-1706)

While the privateers harassed Firoccan trade, this commerce warfare fell far short of what was necessary to retake Svyturys.  Even prior to the defeats suffered in 1701, Karolis took steps to modernize the Royal Liotainian Navy, hiring a number of Celtican and Antargentine shipbuilders.  The Celtican-born naval architect Teyrnon Morfran was placed in charge of the rebuilding process, with authority to design and build new ships-of-the-line.  New construction was partially paid for by loans received from banks in Drakenstaat, Celtica, and Antargentina, with the Antargentines offering very lenient terms, with an eye to see Firocco's mercantile and military power humbled.  In fact, although Antargentina never entered the war, the threat of their possible intervention caused the Firoccan monarchy no end of concerns.

### Teyrnon Reforms - Establishment of 1702

*Main Article: Teyrnon Reforms / Establishment of 1702*

***Insert shortened synopsis of the reorganization and the Teyrnon Reforms here.***

Once placed in command of naval construction, Teyrnon focused Liotainian efforts on the construction of three standardized classes of warships.  The smallest of these were the 32-gun *Deimantas* class frigates, which would be the first of the new warships to see action.  Teyrnon also designed a standardized forty-four gun ship-of-the-line (the *Dvylika Apastalu* class) and the sixty-gun *Rudeksna*.  These ships-of-the-line were smaller than their Firoccan rivals, but they proved very maneuverable, particularly in the shallow waters of the Argent Sea, and drew significantly less water.

This point was amply proven in December 1703, when Admiral Simao Curro attempted to raid the Liotainian coast with four ships-of-the-line, led by the ninety-gun *Santo Henrique*.  Curro encountered a small squadron composed of the newly-built ship-of-the-line *Dvylika Apastalu* and three frigates, commanded by Vincentas Adomaitis.  Curro, with an overwhelming advantage in firepower, immediately pursued the smaller squadron.  Adomaitis led the Firoccans toward the *Dutreizh*, a series of dangerous sandy shoals west of Breizh.  The Liotainian ships successfully passed over the sandbars (although *Dvylika Apastalu* scraped her keel on a sandbar), but three of the four Firoccan ships ran aground.

When Adomaitis returned to harass his grounded ships, Admiral Curro was forced to take drastic measures.  The seventy-gun *Santo Timoteo* was burned to prevent her capture, while the ninety-gun *Santo Henrique* and the sixty-four gun *Tribunal* only floated free after their guns were thrown overboard to lighten the ships.  Only the fifty-six gun *Principe Armando*, which avoided grounding due to its position at the rear of the line, retained its guns, and successfully defended its two remaining consorts against the harassment from Adomaitis and his squadron.  For this action, Captain Malvino de Torrecilla of the *Principe Armando* would receive significant adulation, while Admiral Curro was censured and barely avoided being dismissed from the Armada.

*Com. Vincentas Adomaitis*
 **Ships-of-the-line**:
*Dvylika Apastalu* (44)
**Frigates**:
*Deimantas* (32)
*Erelis* (32)
*Drakonas* (32)
*Santo Henrique* (90) - *disarmed*
*Santo Timoteo* (70) - *scuttled*
*Tribunal* (64) - *disarmed*
*Principe Armando* (56)

To add insult to injury, the Liotainians returned to the Dutriezh, bringing along a number of experienced pearl divers who recovered a hundred and twenty-five cannon from shallow waters, refurbishing them and fitting them out aboard two ships-of-the-line.  The figurehead of the *Santo Timoteo* was also recovered and fitted to the Liotainian battleship *Sventoji*.

With the new Liotainian ships came a need to crew and command them.  Many of Liotain's sailors most experienced in the handling of large seagoing warships had joined the privateers early in the war, and many refused to move to the more disciplined navy that Karolis was building.  Many senior Liotainian officers had also been lost or dismissed from service following the destruction of the Liotainian galley fleet in 1701.  As a result of this, the way was opened for a number of aggressive young commanders to be promoted swiftly.  Karolis determined to keep things in the family, and appointed his younger sister, Princess Vilmante, as the naval commander-in-chief, giving her the authority to appoint new admirals and administer the navy.

### New Leadership

Two new officers emerged from the ranks and were promoted to admiral.  Vincentas Adomaitis, who had achieved respect from his able harassment and wrecking of Curro's raiding force, was the first officer to receive distinction.  He was soon joined by a Celtican prince, Llyr Cyledr, who was the third son of the reigning Celtican queen.  As a younger son from a matriarchy, Prince Llyr had relatively few prospects in his home country, and schooled himself in naval warfare, embarking for Liotain in order to acquire combat experience as a foreign volunteer.  Under the Liotainian pseudonym Llyras Vitkus, he first commanded the HLMS *Pergalingas* and then later the Liotainian van, flying his flag from HLMS *Rekyva*.  An expert sailor and gunnery expert, Prince Llyras began drilling the Liotainian crews and preparing them for battle.  Along the way, he courted and married Princess Vilmante.
Some privateers chose to move into naval service, particularly as fortunes changed at sea and the Firoccan Navy took better steps to defend its trade.  In 1705, Graziella Ferrodumond accepted a captaincy in the Liotainian Navy, becoming one of the most notable officers to transition from privateering to the Navy.

Between 1704 and 1706, the Liotainian Navy restricted their operations solely to the Gulf of Argent and Nestorian Sea, where their smaller ships-of-the-line held the greatest advantage.  The crews continued to practice their seamanship and gunnery while the Liotainian yards in Sventoji, Eletrenai, and Laizuva continued building up their numbers.

In response to the small Liotainian ships-of-the-line, the Firoccans built a number of their own small vessels, based on the small fifty-six gun *Principe Armando*.  Three of these ships (*Conquistador*, *Leyenda Negra*, and *Asedio*) would ultimately see service in their intended role and theatre.

Firoccan admirals, among them Bartolome Anclados, Fernando Coraza, and Javier Villafane de Lezo, made multiple forays deep into the Nestorian Sea and Gulf of Argent in the hope of bringing the Liotainian fleet to battle.  In the Battle of Girkalnis (also known as the *Action of 17 April, 1704*) Villafane de Lezo, with two battleships and two frigates, encountered an equal force of Liotainian ships commanded by Prince Llyras, who had taken his ships to sea for training.

**Insert a summary of the Battle of Girkalnis.**

*Adm. Prince Llyras Vitkus*
 **Ships-of-the-line**:
*Rekyva* (60)
*Sv. Linas Misionierius* (44)
**Frigates**:
*Erelis* (32)
*Drakonas* (32)
*Leyenda Negra* (56)
*Asedio* (56)
**Frigates**:
*Madeira* (28)
*Azoros* (26)

Both squadrons gave a good account of themselves, and separated after two hours of combat.  The smaller Firoccan frigates, both armed with 9-pounder guns, were badly handled by their larger Liotainian opponents, which carried a battery of 6-wt (13.2lb) cannon.  However, the Liotainian flagship *Rekyva* took extensive casualties, as Villafane de Lezo's ships had been able to focus her early in the battle.  Both admirals claimed victory, although the final results were basically a draw.

Later in 1705, Villafane de Lezo led a second raid, this time solely with five frigates, and successfully cut off a small force of Liotainian ships led by the frigate *Safyras*.  The Liotainians fled toward Antargentine waters, but were unable to slip into Port Dacken before the Firoccan frigates overtook them.  *Safyras* turned around and fought a valiant last stand in order to protect several of the smaller vessels, two of which successfully reached Port Dacken.

*Com. Mykolas Petrauska*
 **Frigates**:
*Safyras* (32) - *captured*
**Light Ships**:
*Stakiai* (18) - *captured*
*Birzai* (18)
*Vilkas* (12)
Greitas (12)
*Zaibas* (10)
*Timpa* (6)
*Pollex* (32)
*Santa Clara* (28)
*Despiadado* (28)
*Madeira* (28)
*Azoros* (26)

Although built to deal with the shallow waters and cramped confines of the western seas, Liotainian ships were not immune to the navigational errors which drove Firoccan ships ashore.  In early 1706, the sixty-gun ship-of-the-line *Neris* went ashore on the coast of Gaboria while returning from a raid into Grappa Bay, with over half of the crew lost with the ship.  *Eletrenai* also went aground off Breizh in March 1706, but in conditions that allowed her to be refloated and repaired.

In mid-1706, the Firoccan Navy was forced to abandon Grappa Bay after continued Liotainian raids made it too difficult for them to maintain a squadron there; they settled instead on blockading the Moirai Strait, bottling up the Liotainian fleet.

## Blockade of the Moirai Strait

Throughout the summer of 1706, the Liotainian fleet, under the command of Admiral Adomaitis and Prince Llyr, built up their naval strength at Plougrescant.  Adomaitis, in overall command of the fleet, hoped to break out past the Moirai Straits with the entire Liotainian fleet.  Once out on the open ocean, the Liotainians would be in a position to threaten both the Firoccan coast and the merchant shipping carrying supplies to Svyturys.
In order to accomplish this mission, Adomaitis gathered a fleet of seven frigates and eighteen ships-of-the-line, led by the eighty-gun flagship *Karaliskas*.  A small number of xebecs and polacres, many of which were privateers hired to accompany the fleet for the breakout, were included in the overall fleet as scouts or individual commerce raiders.

The Firoccan fleet charged with the blockade of the Moirai Strait was now under the command of Bartolome Anclados, who only had nine true ships-of-the-line and three frigates, although Anclados flew his flag from the impressive three-deck battleship *Devastatoria*, of 110 guns.  His fleet was rounded out, however, by nine large armed merchant ships which had been purchased and refitted as warships.

The Firoccans held an overall numeric advantage, and their two largest warships, *Devastadora* and *Santo Henrique*, significantly outmassed the smaller Liotainian ships.  However, the armed merchant ships included in the Firoccan fleet were not as powerful as true warships.  Seven of the nine ships were ship-rigged galleons built prior to the war by the Firocco-Dengfeng Trading Company.  The galleons looked quite impressive both on paper and lying in the line of battle, and Liotainian privateers learned to avoid them; but they were armed with lighter cannon, and built with wider hulls and thinner scantlings that did not stand up as well to heavy cannonades.

In August 1706, Admiral Adomaitis made an abortive attempt to break out through the Straits of Moirai.  An unexpected bora coming from the northeast damaged the rigging of several Liotainian ships, forcing Adomaitis to turn around and return to Plougrescant, as it reduced his advantage in speed.  Admiral Anclados thus expected a second attempt, and gathered his full fleet (nine ships-of-the-line, nine galleons, three frigates, and nine light vessels serving as scouts and messenger ships).

## Battle of Cape Atropos (17 September 1706)

*Main article: Battle of Cape Atropos*

**Insert a summary of the Battle of Cape Atropos.**

## Battle of Zarasai (30 March 1707)

*Main article: Battle of Zarasai*

Land battle near Svyturys.

## Battle of Rietavas (10 April 1707)

*Main article: Battle of Rietavas*

**Insert a summary of the Battle of Rietavas.**

## End of the War

The dual Liotainian victories at Zarasai and Rietavas were the final blows for the Firoccan war effort.  While the Firoccan Navy still had other fleets (and could, in fact, still field enough ships-of-the-line to fight the Liotainians), their situation was only deteriorating.  Antargentina continued to pose a significant threat on both land and sea.  The Liotainian privateers continued to expand their reach, and many Firoccan treaty ports were felt to be in severe danger.

In a last gasp, Admiral Coraza continued to push his project to conquer Breizh, and managed to gather thirty ships to serve as invasion transports.  The Firoccan troops, however, refused to board the transports and Coraza sailed with just his warships in order to raid the Liotainian coast.  He led his sailors in a successful landing on the north coast of Breizh in June, with the intent of sacking and burning Plougrescant.  Although the attack initially progressed well, Coraza contracted malaria shortly after landing, and Breizhoned militia defeated his landing party, convincing Coraza's second-in-command to retreat in haste.

The Liotainian fleet, under Prince Llyras, continued to blockade Svyturys, and the garrison received no further supplies by sea or land after mid-April.  Karolis, in command of the ground forces, continued slowly advancing his siege batteries.  On the first of June, the Firoccan-appointed Lord Mayor of Svyturys raised a flag of truce and asked for terms.

## Peace Treaty

Terms:

* Svyturys is returned to Liotainian control.
* Personal property of Firoccan merchants in Svyturys is safe from seizure.
* The Liotainians drop claims for fourteen years of back taxes from Svyturys.
* Agreement for Liotainian and Firoccan trade ports to be mutually respected.
* Exchange of all Firoccan prisoners-of-war for all Liotainian prisoners-of-war.
* The Liotainians sell back the surviving Firoccan warships captured at the Battle of Rietavas for the price of nine piastres per ton.