recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
S/2003 J 12

S.2003 J 12 is a natural satellite of Jupiter, and is one of the smallest known natural satellites in the Solar System. It was discovered by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2003.

S/2003 J 12 is about 1 kilometre (0.6 miles) in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 17,883 Mm in 489.72 days, at an inclination of 143° to the ecliptic (143° to Jupiter's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.4920.

It is the innermost of the outer irregular retrograde satellites of Jupiter, and does not seem to belong to any group.

This moon has not been seen since its discovery in 2003 and is currently considered lost. Follow-up observations in 2018 are planned to secure its orbit.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel, as ship is tested by travelling to various planets and moons in the Solar System. Jupiter was one of the planets used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S/2003\_J\_12
Kallichore (moon)

Kallichore, also known as Jupiter XLIV, is a natural satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard, et al. in 2003. It received the temporary designation S/2003 J 11.

Kallichore is about 2 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 23,112 Mm in 717.806 days, at an inclination of 165° to the ecliptic (164° to Jupiter's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.2042.

It was named in March 2005 after the nymph Kallichore.

Kallichore belongs to the Carme group, made up of irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23 and 24 Gm and at an inclination of about 165°.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons within the Solar System. Jupiter was one such planet used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallichore\_(moon)
Themisto (moon)

## Themisto

Montage of the rediscovery images of S/2000 J 1 (Themisto, Jupiter XVIII), taken on 21 November 2000 with the 2.2 m U. of Hawaii telescope

## Discovery

### Discovered by

Charles Kowal (1975)Elizabeth Roemer (1975)

Scott S. Sheppard (2000)

David C. Jewitt (2000)

Yanga R. Fernández (2000)

### Discovery Date

September 30, 1975November 21, 2000 rediscovered

## Orbital Characteristics

### Inclination

45.81° (to the ecliptic)47.48° (to Jupiter's equator)

## Physical Characteristics

### Temperature

~124 K

Themisto, also known as Jupiter XVIII, is a small prograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered in 1975, subsequently lost, and rediscovered in 2000.

## Discovery and Name

Themisto was first discovered by Charles T. Kowal and Elizabeth Roemer on September 30, 1975, reported on October 3, 1975, and designated **S/1975 J 1**. However, not enough observations were made to establish an orbit and it was subsequently lost.

Themisto appeared as a footnote in astronomy textbooks into the 1980s. Then, in 2000, a seemingly new satellite was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Yanga R. Fernández and Eugene A. Magnier, and was designated **S/2000 J 1**. It was soon confirmed that this was the same as the one observed in 1975. This observation was immediately correlated with an observation on August 6, 2000, by the team of Brett J. Gladman, John J. Kavelaars, Jean-Marc Petit, Hans Scholl, Matthew J. Holman, Brian G. Marsden, Philip D. Nicholson and Joseph A. Burns, which was reported to the Minor Planet Center but not published as an IAU Circular (IAUC).

In October 2002 it was officially named after Themisto, daughter of the river god Inachus and lover of Zeus (Jupiter) in Greek mythology.

## Characteristics

Themisto's orbit is unusual: unlike most of Jupiter's moons, which orbit in distinct groups, Themisto orbits alone. The moon is located midway between the Galilean moons and the first group of prograde irregular moons, called the Himalia group.

Themisto is about 8 kilometres (5 miles) in diameter (assuming an albedo of 0.04). That figure can be used to find a surface area of between 200 and 380 square kilometres.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space War a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various moons in planets in the Solar System. Jupiter was one the planets used in this process so it is likely that its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Themisto\_(moon)
Taygete (moon)

Taygete, also known as Jupiter XX, is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard, et al. in 2000, and given the temporary designation S/2000 J 9.

Taygete is about 5 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 22,439 Mm in 686.675 days, at an inclination of 165° to the ecliptic (163° to Jupiter's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.3678.

It was named in October 2002 after Taygete, one of the Pleiades, daughter of the Titan Atlas and mother of Lacedaemon by Zeus (Jupiter).

It belongs to the Carme group, made up of irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23 and 24 Gm and at an inclination of about 165°.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons in the Solar System. Jupiter was one such planet used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons wre used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taygete\_(moon)
Carme (moon)

## Carme

Carme (Jupiter XI) photographed by the OHP (Observatoire de Haute-Provence) on 16 December 1998 at 18h32 UTC. Jupiter's glare comes from the lower right

## Orbital Characteristics

### Inclination

164.91° (to the ecliptic)167.53° (to Jupiter's equator)

## Physical Characteristics

### Temperature

~124 K

Carme is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by Seth Barnes Nicholson at Mount Wilson Observatory in California in July 1938. It is named after the mythological Carme, mother by Zeus of Britomartis, a Cretan goddess.

## History

Carme did not receive its present name until 1975; before then, it was simply known as Jupiter XI. It was sometimes called "Pan" between 1955 and 1975 (Pan is now the name of a satellite of Saturn).

It gives its name to the Carme group, made up of irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23 and 24 Gm and at an inclination of about 165°. Its orbital elements are as of January 2000. They are continuously changing due to solar and planetary perturbations.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons within the Solar System. Jupiter was one planet that was used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carme\_(moon)
Cupid (moon)

## Cupid

The satellite Cupid is indicated by the circle in the image

Cupid is an inner satellite of Uranus. It was discovered by Mark R. Showalter and Jack J. Lissauer in 2003 using the Hubble Space Telescope. It was named after a character in William Shakespeare's play Timon of Athens.

It is the smallest of inner Uranian satellites, crudely estimated to be only about 18 km in diameter. This and the dark surface made it too dim to be detected by the Voyager 2 cameras during its Uranus flyby in 1986.

The orbit of Cupid differs only by 863 km from the orbit of the larger moon Belinda. Unlike Mab and Perdita, Uranian satellites also discovered in 2003, it does not seem to be perturbed.

Following its discovery, Cupid was given the temporary designation S/2003 U 2. It is also designated Uranus XXVII.

It should not be confused with the asteroid 763 Cupido.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is was tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons within the Solar System. Uranus was one such planet used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupid\_(moon)
Atlas (moon)

## Atlas

Photo taken by Cassini on 12 April 2017

Atlas is an inner satellite of Saturn.

Atlas was discovered by Richard Terrile in 1980 (some time before November 12) from Voyager photos and was designated S/1980 S 28. In 1983 it was officially named after Atlas of Greek mythology, because it "holds the rings on its shoulders" like the Titan Atlas held the sky up above the Earth. It is also designated Saturn XV.

Atlas is the closest satellite to the sharp outer edge of the A ring, and was long thought to be a shepherd satellite for this ring. However, now it is known that the outer edge of the ring is instead maintained by a 7:6 orbital resonance with the larger but more distant moons Janus and Epimetheus. In 2004 a faint, thin ring, temporarily designated R/2004 S 1, was discovered in the Atlantean orbit.

High-resolution images taken in June 2005 by Cassini revealed Atlas to have a roughly spherical centre surrounded by a large, smooth equatorial ridge. The most likely explanation for this unusual and prominent structure is that ring material swept up by the moon accumulates on the moon, with a strong preference for the equator due to the ring's thinness. In fact, the size of the equatorial ridge is comparable with the expected Roche lobe of the moon. This would mean that for any additional particles impacting the equator, the centrifugal force will nearly overcome Atlas's tiny gravity, and they will likely be lost.

Atlas is significantly perturbed by Prometheus and to a lesser degree by Pandora, leading to excursions in longitude of up to 600 km (~0.25°) away from the precessing Keplerian orbit with a rough period of about 3 years. Because the orbits of Prometheus and Pandora are chaotic, it is suspected that Atlas's may be as well.

## Gallery

Atlas from above its south pole (June 12, 2007)Atlas - Cassini (June 8, 2005)Atlas - A and F rings (June 30, 2006)Atlas near the A ring (December 6, 2015)Atlas near the F ring (May 9, 2005)
## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons within the Solar System. Saturn was one such planet used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas\_(moon)
Jupiter LVII

Jupiter LVII, originally known as S/2003 J 5, is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2003.

Jupiter LVII is about 4 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 23,974 Mm in 758.341 days, at an inclination of 166° to the ecliptic (167° to Jupiter's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.307.

It belongs to the Carme group, made up of irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23 and 24 Gm and at an inclination of about 165°.

The moon was lost following its discovery in 2003. It was recovered in 2017 and given its permanent designation that year.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons within the Solar System. Jupiter was one such planet used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter\_LVII
Pasiphae (moon)

## Pasiphae

Pasiphaë (Jupiter VIII) photographed by the OHP (Observatoire de Haute-Provence) on 20 August 1998 at 22h34 UTC. Jupiter is off frame

## Orbital Characteristics

### Inclination

145.24° (to the ecliptic)143.04° (to Jupiter's equator)

## Physical Characteristics

### Temperature

~124 K

Pasiphae is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered in 1908 by Philibert Jacques Melotte and later named after the mythological Pasiphaë, wife of Minos and mother of the Minotaur from Greek legend.

It was first spotted on a plate taken at the Royal Greenwich Observatory on the night of February 28, 1908. Inspection of previous plates found it as far back as January 27. It received the provisional designation 1908 CJ, as it was not clear whether it was an asteroid or a moon of Jupiter. The recognition of the latter case came by April 10.

Pasiphae did not receive its present name until 1975; before then, it was simply known as Jupiter VIII. It was sometimes called "Poseidon" between 1955 and 1975.

## Orbit

Pasiphae orbits Jupiter on a high eccentricity and high inclination retrograde orbit. It gives its name to the Pasiphae group, irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at distances ranging between 22.8 and 24.1 million km, and with inclinations ranging between 144.5° and 158.3°. The orbital elements are as of January 2000. They are continuously changing due to solar and planetary perturbations. The diagram illustrates its orbit in relation to other retrograde irregular satellites of Jupiter. The eccentricity of selected orbits is represented by the yellow segments (extending from the pericentre to the apocentre). The outermost regular satellite Callisto is located for reference.

Pasiphae is also known to be in a secular resonance with Jupiter (tying the longitude of its perijove with the longitude of perihelion of Jupiter).

## Physical Characteristics

With diameter estimated at 58 km Pasiphae is the largest retrograde and third largest irregular satellite after Himalia and Elara.

Spectroscopical measurements in infrared indicate that Pasiphae is a spectrally featureless object, consistent with the suspected asteroidal origin of the object. Pasiphae is believed to be a fragment from a captured asteroid along with other Pasiphae group satellites.

In the visual spectrum the satellite appears grey (colour indices B-V=0.74, R-V=0.38) similar to C-type asteroids.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons within the Solar System. Jupiter was one such planet that was used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasiphae\_(moon)
S/2003 J 4

S/2003 J 4 is a natural satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2003.

S/2003 J 4 is about 2 km in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 23,571 Mm in 739.294 days, at an inclination of 147° to the ecliptic (149° to Jupiter's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.3003.

It belongs to the Pasiphae group, irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at distances ranging between 22.8 and 24.1 Gm, and with inclinations ranging between 144.5° and 158.3°.

This moon has not been seen since its discovery in 2003 and is currently considered lost. Follow-up observations in 2018 are planned to secure its orbit.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons within the Solar System. Jupiter was one such planet used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S/2003\_J\_4
Hati (moon)

Hati or Saturn XLIII (provisional designation S/2004 S 14) is a natural satellite of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on 4 May 2005, from observations taken between 12 December 2004 and 11 March 2005.

Hati is about 6 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 20,303 Mm in 1080 days, at an inclination of 163° to the ecliptic (165° to Saturn's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.291. In March 2013, the synodic rotational period was measured by Cassini to about 5.5 hours. This is the fastest known rotation of all of Saturn's moons.

It was named in April 2007 after Hati, a giant wolf from Norse mythology, son of Fenrisúlfr and twin brother of Sköll.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons within the Solar System. Saturn was one such planet used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hati\_(moon)
Halimede (moon)

## Halimede

T. Grav, W. Fraser

D. Milisavljevic

Halimede, or Neptune IX, is a retrograde irregular satellite of Neptune. It was discovered by Matthew J. Holman, John J. Kavelaars, Tommy Grav, Wesley C. Fraser and Dan Milisavljevic on August 14, 2002.

Halimede has the second most eccentric and third most inclined orbit around Neptune. This is illustrated on the diagram in relation to other irregular satellites of Neptune. The satellites above the horizontal axis are prograde, the satellites beneath it are retrograde. The yellow segments extend from the pericentre to the apocentre, showing the eccentricity.

Halimede is about 62 kilometres in diameter (assuming an albedo of 0.04) and appears neutral (grey) in the visible light. Given the very similar colour of the satellite to that of Nereid together with the high probability (41%) of collision in the past lifespan of the Solar System, it has been suggested that the satellite could be a fragment of Nereid.

Halimede, like many of the outer satellites of Neptune, is named after one of the Nereids, the fifty daughters of Nereus and Doris. Before the announcement of its name on February 3, 2007 (IAUC 8802), Halimede was known by the provisional designation S/2002 N 1.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons within the Solar System. Neptune was one such planet used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halimede\_(moon)
Daphnis (moon)

## Daphnis

Daphnis in cropped Cassini probe image (2017)

Daphnis is an inner satellite of Saturn. It is also known as Saturn XXXV; its provisional designation was S/2005 S 1. Daphnis is about 8 kilometres in diameter, and orbits the planet in the Keeler Gap within the A ring.

## Naming

The moon was named in 2006 after Daphnis, a shepherd, pipes player, and pastoral poet in Greek mythology; he was descendant of the Titans, after whom the largest moons of Saturn are named. Both Daphnis and Pan, the only other known shepherd moon to orbit within Saturn's main rings, are named for mythological figures associated with shepherds.

## Discovery

Before it was photographed, the existence of a moon in Daphnis's position had already been inferred from gravitational ripples observed on the outer edge of the Keeler gap.

Daphnis was discovered by the Cassini Imaging Science Team on May 6, 2005. The discovery images were taken by the Cassini probe over 16 min on May 1, 2005, from a time-lapse sequence of 0.180 second narrow-angle-camera exposures of the outer edge of the A ring. The moon was subsequently found in 32 low-phase images taken of the F ring on April 13, 2005 (spanning 18 min) and again in two high-resolution (3.54 km/pixel) low-phase images taken on May 2, 2005, when its 7 km disk was resolved.

## Orbit

The inclination and eccentricity of Daphnis's orbit are very small, but distinguishable from zero. Both, particularly the inclination, are significantly greater than those of Pan (the larger moonlet which forms the Encke Gap). Daphnis's eccentricity causes its distance from Saturn to vary by ~9 km, and its inclination causes it to move up and down by ~17 km. The Keeler Gap, within which Daphnis orbits, is about 42 km wide.

## Effect on Saturn's Rings

Daphnis orbits within the Keeler gap in Saturn's rings. As it orbits, it creates gravitational ripples on the edges of the gap as ring particles are attracted toward the moon and then fall back down toward the ring. The waves made by the moon in the inner edge of the gap precede it in orbit, while those on the outer edge lag behind it, due to the differences in relative orbital speed. In a photograph taken on January 18, 2017, a tendril of ring particles can be seen to extend toward the moon; according to JPL, "this may have resulted from a moment when Daphnis drew a packet of material out of the ring, and now that packet is spreading itself out."

## Physical Characteristics

On January 18, 2017, Daphnis was photographed from a sufficiently close distance to reveal its shape. The moon was discovered to be an irregularly-shaped object with a mostly smooth surface, a few craters, and an equatorial ridge.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons within the Solar System. Saturn was one such moon that was used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daphnis\_(moon)
Ananke (moon)

## Ananke

Ananke (Jupiter XII) photographed by the OHP (Observatoire de Haute-Provence) on 15 August 1998 at 0h47 UTC. Some light from Jupiter streams in from the lower left

## Orbital Characteristics

### Inclination

148.89° (to the ecliptic)149.9° (to Jupiter's equator)

## Physical Characteristics

### Temperature

~124 K

Ananke is a retrograde irregular moon of Jupiter. It was discovered by Seth Barnes Nicholson at Mount Wilson Observatory in 1951 and is named after the mythological Ananke, the personification of Necessity, and the mother of the Moirai (Fates) by Zeus. The adjectival form of the name is Anankean.

Ananke did not receive its present name until 1975; before then, it was simply known as Jupiter XII. It was sometimes called "Adrastea" between 1955 and 1975 (Adrastea is now the name of another satellite of Jupiter).

Ananke gives its name to the Ananke group, retrograde irregular moons which orbit Jupiter between 19.3 and 22.7 Gm, at inclinations of roughly 150°.

## Orbit

Ananke orbits Jupiter on a high eccentricity and high inclination retrograde orbit. Eight irregular satellites orbiting Jupiter have been discovered since 2000 following similar orbits. The orbital elements are as of January 2000. They are continuously changing due to Solar and planetary perturbations. The diagram illustrates Ananke's orbit in relation to other retrograde irregular satellites of Jupiter. The eccentricity of selected orbits is represented by the yellow segments (extending from the pericentre to the apocentre). The outermost regular satellite Callisto is located for reference.

Given these orbital elements and the physical characteristics known so far, Ananke is thought to be the largest remnant of an original break-up forming the Ananke group.

## Physical Characteristics

In the visible spectrum, Ananke appears neutral to light-red (colour indices B-V=0.90 V-R=0.38).

The infrared spectrum is similar to P-type asteroids but with a possible indication of water.

## In the Timline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons in the Solar System. Jupiter was one of the planets used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page originally comes from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ananke\_(moon)
S/2004 S 13

S/2004 S 13 is a natural satellite of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on 4 May 2005 from observations taken between 12 December 2004 and 9 March 2005.

S/2004 S 13 is about 6 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 18,056 Mm in 905.848 days, at an inclination of 167° to the ecliptic (143° to Saturn's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.261.

This moon has not been seen since its discovery in 2004 and is currently considered lost.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons within the Solar System. Saturn was one such planet that was used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S/2004\_S\_13
S/2009 S 1

S/2009 S 1 is a 'propeller moonlet' of Saturn orbiting at a distance of approximately 117,000 kilometres (73,000 mi), in the outer part of Saturn's B Ring, and with an approximate diameter of 300 meters (980 ft). It was discovered by the Cassini Imaging Team on 26 July 2009. The moonlet was noticed during the 2009 equinox event by an approximately 36-kilometer-long shadow that it cast on Saturn's B ring. S/2009 S 1 protrudes approximately 150 metres (490 ft) above the ring. The image was taken approximately 296,000 kilometres (184,000 mi) from Saturn.

## Observation History

### **Discovery**

S/2009 S 1 was first identified by the Cassini Imaging Team on 26 July 2009. It was discovered during 2009's equinox by an approximately 36 kilometres (22 mi) long shadow that it cast on the planet Saturn's B ring.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons within the Solar System. Saturn was one such planet used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S/2009\_S\_1
Pallene (moon)

## Pallene

Pallene in October 2010

S/2004 S 2 (second discovery)

Pallene is a very small natural satellite of Saturn. It is one of three small moons known as the Alkyonides that lie between the orbits of the larger Mimas and Enceladus. It is also designated as Saturn XXXIII (33).

## Discovery

Pallene was discovered by the Cassini Imaging Team in 2004, during the Cassini–Huygens mission. It was given the temporary designation S/2004 S 2. In 2005, the name Pallene was provisionally approved by the IAU Division III Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature, and was ratified at the IAU General Assembly in 2006. The name refers to Pallene, one of the Alkyonides, the seven beautiful daughters of the giant Alkyoneus.

After the discovery in 2004, it was realized that Pallene had been first photographed on August 23, 1981, by the space probe Voyager 2. It had appeared in a single photograph and had been provisionally named S/1981 S 14 and estimated to orbit 200,000 km from Saturn. Because it had not been visible in other images, it had not been possible to compute its orbit at the time, but recent comparisons have shown it to match Pallene's orbit.

## Orbital Characteristics

Pallene is visibly affected by a perturbing mean-longitude resonance with the much larger Enceladus, although this effect is not as large as Mimas's perturbations on Methone. The perturbations cause Pallene's osculating orbital elements to vary with an amplitude of about 4 km in semi-major axis, and 0.02° in longitude (corresponding to about 75 km). Eccentricity also changes on various timescales between 0.002 and 0.006, and inclination between about 0.178° and 0.184°.

## Ring

In 2006, images taken in forward-scattered light by the Cassini spacecraft enabled the Cassini Imaging Team to discover a faint dust ring around Saturn that shares Pallene's orbit, now named the Pallene Ring. The ring has a radial extent of about 2,500 km. Its source is particles blasted off Pallene's surface by meteoroid impacts, which then form a diffuse ring around its orbital path.

## Exploration

The Cassini spacecraft, which studied Saturn and its moons until September, 2017, performed a fly-by of Pallene on 16 October 2010, and 14 September 2011 at a distance of 36,000 kilometres (22,000 miles) and 44,000 kilometres respectively.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons within the Solar System. Saturn was one such planet that was used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallene\_(moon)
Ymir (moon)

## Ymir

Ymir, or Saturn XIX, is a retrograde irregular moon of Saturn. It was discovered by Brett J. Gladman, et al. in 2000, and given the temporary designation S/2000 S 1. It was named in August 2003, from Norse mythology, where Ymir is the ancestor of all the Jotuns or frost giants.

Of the moons that take more than 3 Earth years to orbit Saturn, Ymir is the largest, at about 18 kilometres (11 miles) in diameter. It takes 3.6 Earth years to complete an orbit around Saturn. During this time, hypothetical Ymir visitors would experience ~2650 sunsets.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons within the Solar System. Saturn was one such planet used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ymir\_(moon)
S/2007 S 2

S/2007 S 2 is a natural satellite of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on May 1, 2007, from observations taken between January 18 and April 19, 2007. S/2007 S 2 is about 6 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 16,560,000 kilometres in 792.96 days, at an inclination of 176.68° to the ecliptic, in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.218.

This moon has not been seen since its discovery in 2007 and is currently considered lost.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons within the Solar System. Saturn was one such planet used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S/2007\_S\_2
Mab (moon)

## Mab

Mab, or Uranus XXVI (26), is an inner satellite of Uranus. It was discovered by Mark R. Showalter and Jack J. Lissauer in 2003 using the Hubble Space Telescope. It was named after Queen Mab, a fairy queen from English folklore who is mentioned in William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet.

Because the moon is small and dark, it was not seen in the heavily scrutinized images taken by Voyager 2 during its Uranus flyby in 1986. However, it is brighter than another moon, Perdita, which was discovered from Voyager's photos in 1997. This led scientists to re-examine the old photos again, and the satellite was finally found in the images.

The size of Mab is not known exactly. If it is as dark as Puck, it is about 24 km in diameter. On the other hand, if it is brightly coloured like the neighbouring moon Miranda, it would be even smaller than Cupid and comparable to the smallest outer satellites.

Mab is heavily perturbed. The actual source for perturbation is still unclear, but is presumed to be one or more of the nearby orbiting moons.

Mab orbits at the same distance from Uranus as the μ ring (formerly known as R/2003 U 1), a recently discovered dusty ring. The moon is nearly the optimal size for dust production, since larger moons can recollect the escaping dust and smaller moons have too small surface areas for supplying the ring via ring particle or meteoroid collisions. No rings associated with Perdita and Cupid have been found, probably because Belinda limits the lifetimes of dust they generate.

Following its discovery, Mab was given the temporary designation S/2003 U 1. The moon is also designated Uranus XXVI.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons within the Solar System. Uranus was one such planet used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mab\_(moon)
Herse (moon)

Herse, or Jupiter L, previously known by its provisional designation of S/2003 J 17, is a natural satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered on 8 February 2003 by the astronomers Brett J. Gladman, John J. Kavelaars, Jean-Marc Petit, and Lynne Allen and also by a team of astronomers at the University of Hawaii. It was named after Herse 'dew', by some accounts a daughter of Zeus and Selene the moon in Greek mythology, on 11 November 2009.

Herse is about 2 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 22.134 gigametre (Gm) in 672.752 days, at a mean inclination of 165° to the ecliptic, in a retrograde direction and with a mean eccentricity of 0.2493.

It is the innermost member of the Carme group, made up of irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23 and 24 Gm and at an inclination of about 165°.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons within the Solar System. Jupiter was one such planet used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This planet was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herse\_(moon)
Mneme (moon)

Mneme, also known as Jupiter XL, is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard, et al. in 2003, and was provisionally designated S/2003 J 21.

Mneme is about 2 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 21.427 million kilometres in 640.769 days, at an inclination of 149° to the ecliptic (148° to Jupiter's equator) with an eccentricity of 0.2214. Its average orbital speed is 2.43 km/s.

It was named in March 2005 after Mneme, one of the three original Muses. She is sometimes confused with Mnemosyne, mother of the Muses (the three or the nine, depending on the author) by Zeus (Jupiter).

Mneme belongs to the Ananke group, retrograde irregular moons which orbit Jupiter between 19.3 and 22.7 million kilometres, at inclinations of roughly 150°.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various moons and planets in the Solar System. Jupiter was one of the planets used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mneme\_(moon)
Chaldene

Chaldene, also known as Jupiter XXI, is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard, et al., in 2000, and given the temporary designation S/2000 J 10.

Chaldene is about 3.8 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 22,713 Mm in 699.327 days, at an inclination of 167° to the ecliptic (169° to Jupiter's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.2916.

It was named in October 2002 after Chaldene, the mother of Solymos by Zeus in Greek mythology.

It belongs to the Carme group, made up of irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23 and 24 Gm and at an inclination of about 165°.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets within the Solar System. Jupiter was one such planet that was used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaldene
S/2011 J 1

S/2011 J 1 is a natural satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by Scott Sheppard in 2011. It does not seem to belong to any group.

This moon has not been seen since its discovery in 2011 and is currently considered lost. Follow-up observations in 2018 are planned to secure its orbit.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons in the Solar System. One of the planets used in the testing process was Jupiter so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S/2011\_J\_1
S/2007 S 3

S/2007 S 3 is a natural satellite of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on May 1, 2007 from observations taken between January 18 and April 19, 2007. S/2007 S 3 is about 5 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 20,518,500 kilometres in about 1100 days, at an inclination of 177.22° to the ecliptic, in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.130.

This moon has not been seen since its discovery in 2007 and is currently considered lost.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons within the Solar System. Saturn was one such planet used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S/2007\_S\_3
Isonoe (moon)

Isonoe, also known as Jupiter XXVI, is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2000, and given the temporary designation S/2000 J 6.

Isonoe is about 3.8 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 23,833 Km in 751.647 days, at an inclination of 166° to the ecliptic (169° to Jupiter's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.166.

It was named in October 2002 after Isonoe, one of the Danaides in Greek mythology, and a lover of Zeus (Jupiter).

Isonoe belongs to the Carme group, made up of irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23 and 24 Gm and at an inclination of about 165°.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons within the Solar System. Jupiter was one such planet used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isonoe\_(moon)
Anthe (moon)

## Anthe

Anthe is the ellipsoid in the centre

Anthe is a very small natural satellite of Saturn lying between the orbits of Mimas and Enceladus. It is also known as Saturn XLIX; its provisional designation was S/2007 S 4. It is named after one of the Alkyonides; the name means flowery. It is the sixtieth confirmed moon of Saturn.

It was discovered by the Cassini Imaging Team in images taken on 30 May 2007. Once the discovery was made, a search of older Cassini images revealed it in observations from as far back as June 2004. It was first announced on 18 July 2007.

Anthe is visibly affected by a perturbing 10:11 mean-longitude resonance with the much larger Mimas. This causes its osculating orbital elements to vary with an amplitude of about 20 km in semi-major axis on a timescale of about 2 Earth years. The close proximity to the orbits of Pallene and Methone suggests that these moons may form a dynamical family.

Material blasted off Anthe by micrometeoroid impacts is thought to be the source of the Anthe Ring Arc, a faint partial ring about Saturn co-orbital with the moon first detected in June 2007.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons within the Solar System. Saturn was one such planet that was used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthe\_(moon)
Galatea (moon)

## Galatea

Galatea as seen by Voyager 2 (elongation is due to smearing)

Galatea, also known as Neptune VI, is the fourth-closest inner satellite of Neptune. It is named after Galatea, one of the fifty Nereids of Greek legend, with whom Cyclops Polyphemus was vainly in love.

Galatea was discovered in late July 1989 from the images taken by the Voyager 2 probe. It was given the temporary designation S/1989 N 4. The discovery was announced (IAUC 4824) on August 2, 1989, but the text only talks of "10 frames taken over 5 days", giving a discovery date of sometime before July 28. The name was given on 16 September 1991.

It is irregularly shaped and shows no sign of any geological modification. It is likely that it is a rubble pile re-accreted from fragments of Neptune's original satellites, which were smashed up by perturbations from Triton soon after that moon's capture into a very eccentric initial orbit.

Galatea's orbit lies below Neptune's synchronous orbit radius, so it is slowly spiralling inward due to tidal deceleration and may eventually impact the planet or break up into a new planetary ring system upon passing its Roche limit due to tidal stretching.

Galatea appears to be a shepherd moon for the Adams ring that is 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) outside its orbit. Resonances with Galatea in the ratio 42:43 are also considered the most likely mechanism for confining the unique ring arcs that exist in this ring. Galatea's mass has been estimated based on the radial perturbations it induces on the ring.
Greip (moon)

Greip, or Saturn LI (provisional designation S/2006 S 4), is a natural satellite of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on 26 June 2006, from observations taken between 5 January and 1 May 2006. Greip is about 6 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 18,066 Mm in 906.556 days, at an inclination of 172.7° to the ecliptic (159.2° to Saturn's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.3735.

It is named after Greip, a giantess in Norse mythology.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons within the Solar System. Saturn was one such planet used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greip\_(moon)
S/2003 J 2

S/2003 J 2 is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. The discovery, by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard and David C. Jewitt, was announced on March 4, 2003. As of 2017, it is Jupiter's outermost known moon.

S/2003 J 2 is about 2 km (1.2 mi) in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 29.54 gigametres (0.1975 AU) in 981.55 days, at an inclination of 154° to the ecliptic (152° to Jupiter's equator) and with an eccentricity of 0.4100.

It seems to belong to a group all of its own, with semi-major axis ~30 gigametres (0.20 AU) and inclination ~160°.

The limits of Jupiter's gravitational influence are defined by its Hill sphere, whose radius is 52 gigametres (0.35 AU). Retrograde moons with axes up to 67% of the Hill radius are believed to be stable. Consequently, it is possible that even more distant moons of Jupiter may be discovered.

This moon has not been seen since its discovery in 2003 and is currently considered lost. Follow-up observations in 2018 are planned to secure its orbit.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons within the Solar System. Jupiter was one such planet used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S/2003\_J\_2
Telesto (moon)

## Telesto

Telesto as seen by the Cassini probe in October 2005

Stephen M. Larson

John W. Fountain

Telesto is a moon of Saturn. It was discovered by Smith, Reitsema, Larson and Fountain in 1980 from ground-based observations, and was provisionally designated S/1980 S 13. In the following months, several other apparitions were observed: S/1980 S 24, S/1980 S 33, and S/1981 S 1.

In 1983 it was officially named after Telesto of Greek mythology. It is also designated as Saturn XIII (13) or Tethys B.

Telesto is co-orbital with Tethys, residing in Tethys' leading Lagrangian point (L4). This relationship was first identified by Seidelmann et al. in 1981. Another moon, Calypso, resides in the other (trailing) Lagrangian point of Tethys, 60 degrees in the other direction from Tethys. The Saturnian system has two additional trojan moons.

## Exploration

The Cassini probe performed a distant flyby of Telesto on October 11, 2005. The resulting images show that its surface is surprisingly smooth, devoid of small impact craters.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons within the Solar System. Saturn was one such planet that was used in the testing process so it is probable that some of its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telesto\_(moon)
Lysithea (moon)

## Lysithea

Lysithea in a 2MASS photograph

Lysithea is a prograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by Seth Barnes Nicholson in 1938 at Mount Wilson Observatory and is named after the mythological Lysithea, daughter of Oceanus and one of Zeus' lovers.

Lysithea did not receive its present name until 1975; before then, it was simply known as Jupiter X. It was sometimes called "Demeter" from 1955 to 1975.

It belongs to the Himalia group, five moons orbiting between 11 and 13 Gm from Jupiter at an inclination of about 28.3°. Its orbital elements are as of January 2000. They are continuously changing due to solar and planetary perturbations.

## In the Timeline

### **Space Travel (1969)**

In Space Travel a ship is tested by travelling to and landing on various planets and moons. Jupiter was one such planet used in the testing process thus it is probable that its moons were used as well.

## Notes

* This page was originally taken from Wikipedia. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysithea\_(moon)