recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Ecology and Environment

Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche; Population and ecological adaptations; Population interactions-mutualism,
competition, predation, parasitism; Population attributes-growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.

 Ecosystem: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; Energy flow; Pyramids of number, biomass, energy;
Nutrient cycling (carbon and phosphorous); Ecological succession; Ecological Services-Carbon fixation, pollination,
oxygen release.

 Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of Biodiversity; Patterns of Biodiversity; Importance of Biodiversity; Loss of
Biodiversity; Biodiversity conservation; Hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves,
National parks and sanctuaries.

 Environmental issues: Air pollution and its control; Water pollution and its control; Agrochemicals and their effects; Solid
waste management; Radioactive waste management; Greenhouse effect and global warning; Ozone depletion;
Deforestation; Any three case studies as success stories addressing environmental issues.
Chemical Thermodynamics MCQs

## Level 1

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 2

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 3

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 4

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 5

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 6

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 7

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

Q.1) The work done in the cycle from A to D is :

a)3PV b) 4PV c) PV d) 2PV

* Select :
* a
* b
* c
* d

\_\_

 Wrong

 Answer : c

 Wrong

 Answer : c

 Correct Answer !

 Wrong

 Answer : cQ.2) Even a Carnot engine cannot reach 100% efficiency bcause :

a)We can't find ideal sources b)We can't reach absolute zero c)We can't prevent radiation d)We can't eliminate friction .

* Select :
* a
* b
* c
* d

\_\_

 Wrong

 Answer : b

 Correct Answer !

 Wrong

 Answer : b

 Wrong

 Answer : b Q.3) For a reaction involving all reactants and products in liquid state, the most appropriate equation is :

a)∆H = ∆S
 b)∆H = ∆G
 c)∆H > ∆U
 d)∆H = ∆U

* Select :
* a
* b
* c
* d

\_\_

 Wrong

 Answer : d

 Wrong

 Answer : d

 Wrong

 Answer : d

 Correct Answer !
## Level 8

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 9

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level Ultimate !

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20
.
Chemical Kinetics MCQs

## Level 1

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 2

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 3

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20
 Q1) The rate of a reaction does not depend upon

a)Nature of reactants b)Molecularity c)Temperature d)Concentration of reactants

* Select :
* a
* b
* c
* d

\_\_

 Wrong

 Answer : b

 Correct Answer !

 Wrong

 Answer : b

 Wrong

 Answer : b
## Level 4

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 5

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 6

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 7

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 8

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 9

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level Ultimate !

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20
.
Binding Energy of a Satellite

< Previous................................................................................................................................................Next >

## Satellite in Motion in Orbit around Earth

< Previous................................................................................................................................................Next >
3 D Geometry

## Axes

There are three axes in 3-D Geometry , X , Y & Z . There are 8 quadrants in 3d axes .

x-coordinate is the distance of the point from y-z plane .

## Direction Cosines

If α β γ are the angles made by a line with positive direction of X, Y and Z axes , then they are called as direction angles of the line .

The cos of α , β & γ are called as direction cosines of the line .

**cos2α + cos2β** **+ cos2γ = 1**

## Direction Ratios

If l , m , n are direction cosines of a given line , and a,b,c are any real numbers such that :-

l/a = m/b = n/c ; then a,b,c are called as direction ratios of a line .

If P(x1,y1,z1) and Q(x2,y2,z2) then the direction Ratios of PQ are :-

x2 - x1 , y2 - y1 , z2 - z1

If AB = ax + by + cz , then direction ratios of line AB are a, b ,c .

Suppose Ray BD bisects angle ABC , then the direction ratios of Bisector BD are equal to sum of the Direction ratios of AB and BC

The vector li + mj + nk is a unit vector always . while ai + bj + ck is not a unit vector .

## Angle between two Lines

If a1 b1 c1 and a2 b2 c2 are the direction ratios of two given lines , then

or cos θ = l1l2 + mm2 + n1n2
Electronic Devices

## Cathod Ray Tube

A **cathode ray tube** (**CRT**) is a specialized vacuum tube in which images are produced when an electron

beam strikes a phosphorescent surface. Most desktop computer displays make use of CRTs. The **CRT** in a computer display is similar to the"picture **tube**" in a television receiver.

## CRO

The cathode-ray oscilloscope (CRO) is a common laboratory instrument that provides accurate time and amplitude measurements of voltage signals over a wide range of frequencies. Its reliability, stability, and ease of operation make it suitable as a general purpose laboratory instrument.

## Applications of CRO

1. Examination of Waveform
2. Voltage Measurement
3. Frequency Measurement

## Function Generator

A **function generator** is usually a piece of electronic test equipment or software used to generate different types of electrical waveforms over a wide range of frequencies. Some of the most common waveforms produced by the **function generator** are the sine, square, triangular and saw-tooth shapes.

## Digital Multimeter

The digital multimeter, **DMM**, is one of the most common items of test equipment used in the electronics industry today. While there are many other items of test equipment that are available, the multimeter is able to provide excellent readings of the basic measurements of amps, volts and ohms.
March 2014 : Physics

**Physics**

**70 Marks**

**3 Hours**

NOTE:

1. All Questions are compulsory
2. Answers to the two sections are to be written on same answer sheet .
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks
4. Draw neat and labelled diagrams , wherever necessary
5. Use of Logarithmic Table is allowed .
6. Answer to every question must be started on a new page .

Section 1

Q.1) Select and write the appropriate Answer from the given alternatives for each sub-question : [7]

1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .

Q.2) Answer any SIX of the following : [12]

1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .
8. .

Q.3) Answer any THREE of the following : [9]

1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .

Q.4) Answer any ONE of the following : [7]

1. .
2. .

.

Section 2

Q.1) Select and write the appropriate Answer from the given alternatives for each sub-question : [7]

1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .

Q.2) Answer any SIX of the following : [12]

1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .
8. .

Q.3) Answer any THREE of the following : [9]

1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .

Q.4) Answer any ONE of the following : [7]

1. .
2. .
MHT CET

.

Attention Mobile Users ! The entire CET section works only on the Desktop Site . Click Here : http://hscboards.wikia.com/MH\_CET?useskin=oasis

## Revise Here !

**Physics**

Formulae
Basic Synopsis

Advanced Synopsis

Tips , Tricks and Shortcuts

**Chemistry**

Formulae
Basic Synopsis

Advanced Synopsis

Reactions

Tips , Tricks and Shortcuts

**Maths**

Formulae
Basic Synopsis

Advanced Synopsis

Tips , Tricks and Shortcuts

**Biology**

Basic Synopsis
Advanced Synopsis

Tips , Tricks and Shortcuts

........................................................................................................................................................................

## Practice Here !

* Chemistry
* Maths
* Biology

1) Circular Motion MCQs
2) Gravitation MCQs
3) Rotational Motion MCQs
4) Oscillations MCQs
5) Elasticity MCQs
6) Surface Tension MCQs
7) Wave Motion MCQs
8) Stationary Waves MCQs
9) Kinetic Theory of Gases and Radiation MCQs
10) Wave Theory of Light MCQs
11) Interference & Diffraction MCQs
12)Electrostatics MCQs
13) Current Electricity MCQs
14) Magnetic Effect of Electric Current MCQs
15) Magnetism MCQs
16) Electromagnetic Induction & Alternating Current MCQs
17) Electrons & Photons MCQs
18) Atoms , Molecules & Nuclei MCQs
19) Semiconductors MCQs

20) Communication Systems MCQs
1. Solid State MCQs
2. Solutions & Colligative Properties MCQs
3. Chemical Thermodynamics MCQs
4. Electrochemistry MCQs
5. Chemical Kinetics MCQs
6. General Principles & Isolation of Metals MCQs
7. p Block Elements MCQs
8. d & f Block Elements MCQs
9. Coordination Compounds MCQs
10. Halogen Derivatives of Alkanes & Haloarenes MCQs
11. Alcohols , Phenols & Ethers MCQs
12. Aldehydes , Ketones & Carboxylic Acids MCQs
13. Compounds containing Nitrogen MCQs
14. Biomolecules MCQs
15. Polymers MCQs
16. Chemistry in Everyday Life MCQs

- Mathematical Logic MCQs

- Matrices MCQs

- Trigonometric Equations MCQs

- Pair of Straight Lines MCQs

- Vectors MCQs

- 3 D Geometry MCQs

- Lines MCQs

- Planes MCQs

- Linear Programming Problems MCQs

- Continuity MCQs

- Differentiation MCQs

- Application of Derivatives MCQs

- Integration MCQs

- Definite Integration MCQs

- Application of Definite Integration MCQs

- Differential Equations MCQs

- Probability Distribution MCQs

- Binomial Distribution MCQs

- Genetic basis of Inheritance MCQs

- Gene : its Nature , Expression and Regulation MCQs

- Biotechnology : Process and Application MCQs

- Enhancement in Food Production MCQs

- Microbes in Human Welfare MCQs

- Photosynthesis MCQs

- Respiration MCQs

- Reproduction in Plants MCQs

- Organisms and Environment - 1 MCQs

- Origin and Evolution of Life MCQs

- Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance MCQs

- Genetic Engineering and Genomics MCQs

- Human Health and Diseases MCQs

- Animal Husbandry MCQs

- Circulation MCQs

- Excretion and Osmoregulation MCQs

- Control and Coordination MCQs

- Human Reproduction MCQs

- Organisms and Environment - 2 MCQs
Networking Technology

## Transmission Frequencies

**Order of decreasing frequencies :**

1. Gamma Rays
2. X-Rays
3. UltraViolet Rays
4. Visible Light
5. Infrared
6. Microwaves - EHF , SHF , UHF
7. Radiowaves - VHF , HF , MF , LF , VLF
8. Audio Frquencies - VLF , Voice Frequency , ELF

**Frequency Range**

TeraHertz - Infrared and above

GigaHertz - UHF and above

MegaHertz - MF and above

KiloHertz - VF and above

## Charateristics

**Cost :** One of the main factors while purchasing any networking component is Cost .

**Installment Requirements :** It involves two factors : 1) skilled Labour for installation 2) Physical Layout of the Network .

**Bandwidth :** In computer networking , the term bandwidth refers to the measure of the capacity of a medium to transmit data . Data transmission rates ar measured by the number of bits transmitted per second . e.g. An Ethernet LAN can transmit data at 10 Mbps .

**Band Usage :** Two ways to allocate the capacity of transmission media tare with baseband and broadband . **Baseband** devotes the entire capacity of the medium to one communication channel . **Broadband** enables two or more communication channels to share the bandwidth of the communication mediums .

**Attenuation**

Attenuation is the measure of how much a signal weakens as it travels through a medium . One solution to attenuation is to use repeaters .

**Electromagnetic Interference**

Electromagnetic Interferenc (EMI) consists of outside electromagnetic noise that distorts the signal . in a medium .

## Multiplexing

When two or more channels are allowed in a communication medium , we may need to use either one of them . Multiplexing helps us to select one channel from many channels .

Multiplexing is the technique that enables broadband media to support multiple data channels .

Multiplexing is done when :- 1)Mdia bandwidth is costly 2)When bandwidth is idle 3) When large amounts of data has to be transferred through low capacity channels .

**Frequency Division Multiplexing :** (FDM) This technique works by converting all data channels to analog form . The advantage of FDM is that it supports bidirectional signalling on the same cable .

**Time DIvision Multiplexing :** (TDM) It divides a channel into time slots that are allocated to the data strams to be transmitted .

## Coaxial Cables

**Thinnet & Thicknet**

**Installation**

**Cost**

**Capacity**

**EMI**

**Connectors**
English Grammar

## Major Topics

1. Figures of Speech
2. Parts of Speech
3. Types of Sentences
4. Tenses
5. Clauses (Clauss and Relative Clauses)
6. Reported Speech
7. Active & Passive Voice
8. Degrees of Comparison

## Minor Topics

1. Modal Auxillaries
2. Discourse Markers
3. Gerund and Infinitives
4. Rhetorical Questions
5. Question Tag
6. Articles
7. Wh Questions
Coordination Compounds MCQs

## Level 1

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 2

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 3

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 4

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 5

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 6

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 7

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 8

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 9

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level Ultimate !

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20
Mathematical Logic

Mathematical Logic is a way of performing operations in Maths . It is much like functions , but the basic difference is that in functions , we perform an operation over the equation of the y coordinate , while in logic , we perform an operation over the inputs of a circuit .

## Logic

Logic is an operation performed over the inputs of a circuit to give an output . There are many such different logical operators in Mathematics and digital electronics . The logic operators included in the syllabus are mentioned below . The number of possible outcomes is given by 2 raised to number of inputs .

### **AND Logic**

In AND logic , the output will be true only when all inputs are true . The output will be false even if one input is false .
It is denoted by ^ . ex. p^q .
Truth table

### **OR Logic**

In OR Logic , the output will be true even if one input is true . The output will be false only if all the inputs are false . It is denoted by v . ex. pvq

### **NOT Logic**

In NOT Logic , the output will be the opposite of input. If the input is true , the output will be false . NOT logic is also referred to as Compliment or negation . It is denoted by ~ . ex. ~p . Note : NOT logic has only one input .

### **Implication**

Under implication , the output will be false only if the first input is true and second input is false . in the rest cases , output will always be True . It is denoted by → . ex. p→q . Note : Implication has only two inputs .
Truth Table
The equation of implication is given as :- p→q≈~pvq
TruthTable

### **Double Implication**

Under double implication , the output is true , only when the number of "True" inputs is even . If there are 0 or 2 or 4 .... True values , the output will be true . It is denoted by ←→ . ex. p ←→ q .

## Logic Circuits

In logic circuits , OR stands for parallel and AND stands for series connections .

## Simplification

p^T =p
p^F =F
pvT =T
pvF =p
p^~p=F
pv~p=T

~(p^q) = ~pv~q
~(pvq) = ~p^~q

## Statements

A statement is a declarative sentence which is either true or false . Assertive sentences are statement . Imperative , exclamatory and interrogative sentences are not statements .

## Logical Connectives

 Disjunction
 Negation
 If ....Then
 If and Only If
or iff

## Converse , Inverse and Contrapositive

**Converse :** q ---> p

**Inverse :** ~p ---> ~q

**Contrapositive :** ~q ---> ~p

## Tautology , Contradiction and Contingency

**Tautology :** When all outputs are true

**Contradiction :** When all outputs are false

**Contingency :** When the outputs are a combination of true and false values

## Quantifiers

Universal Quantifier : ∀

Existential Quantifier : ∃

## Principle of Duality

Under the principle of duality , the logic signs are simply interchanged .
AND becomes OR . OR becomes AND .
Tautology becomes contradiction . Contradiction becomes Tautology .

## Negation of Compound Statements

(De Morgan's Theorems )

~(pvq) = ~p^~q

~(p^q) = ~pv~q
Halogen Derivatives of Alkanes & Haloarenes MCQs

## Level 1

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 2

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

Q.1) Identify the Structure :

a)RNA b) DDT c)BHC d)PHBV

* Select :
* a
* b
* c
* d

\_\_

 Wrong

 Answer : b

 Correct Answer !

 Wrong

 Answer : b

 Wrong

 Answer : b
## Level 3

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20
 Q1) CH3-Mg-I is an organometallic compound because of :

a)C-H bond b)C-Mg bond c)Mg-I bond d)C-I bond

* Select :
* a
* b
* c
* d

\_\_

 Wrong

 Answer : b

 Correct Answer !

 Wrong

 Answer : b

 Wrong

 Answer : b
## Level 4

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 5

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 6

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 7

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 8

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 9

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level Ultimate !

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20
History

Refer to your Subject below carefully :

## History

1. Applied History in 21st century
2. Mass Media and History
3. Entertainment Media and History
4. Tourism and History
5. Museums
6. Historical Research
7. Encyclopedia
8. Administrative Services
9. History Teacher and Teaching

## History of Art and Appreciation

1. Indian Temples Architecture
2. Hindu Muslim and Mughal Architecture
3. Art of Indian Miniatures
4. Indian Artists and Paintings - Sculpture
5. Western Art - Art of Middle Ages
6. The Art of Ressainance and the famous trio
7. Baroque Arts
8. Modern Art , Ism's and Artists

## History and Development of Indian Music

1. History of Indian Music
2. Biograhical Sketches
3. Musical Forms
4. Importance of Music in Daily Life
5. Importance of Music in Social Life
6. Importance of Music in Everyday Life
7. Use of Audio-Visual aids in the study of Music
8. Comparative Study
9. Stage Performance / Presentation
Trinity Technologies Co. Global HQ

POINT OF INTEREST

View from the street-facing side of the complex

The **TTC Global HQ** is a large factory/corporate building owned by Trinity Technologies Co. of Braemar. By floor area, it is one of the largest buildings in Praya other than the airport. The factory includes facilities for boat construction, as well as showrooms and design studios for the company.
Upper Surowski Valley

DISTRICT

Upper Surowski Valley, August 2014

**Upper Surowski Valley**was a district of the city of Praya. It was merged with Lower Surowski Valley in late 2014 to form the new unified Surowski Valley district.

Before the merge, Upper Surowski Valley was the wealthiest and most-populous district in Praya.
3 D Geometry MCQs

## Level 1

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 2

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 3

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 4

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 5

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 6

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 7

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 8

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 9

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level Ultimate !

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20
Animal Husbandry MCQs

## Level 1

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 2

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 3

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 4

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 5

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 6

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 7

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 8

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 9

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level Ultimate !

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20
.
C++ : Pointers & Arrays

## Arrays

An array is a sequence of variables or objects , all of which have the same type . These objects are called as the elements of the array .

**Declaring an array :**

 1) int a[5] 2) int a[] = {1,5,3,6,8}

Note :

1. The size of an array has to be declared andd providd to the compiler before hand .
2. Vaues assigned to the array must be of the same type of the array itsslf .
3. The keyword **sizeof** can be used to find out the total memory allocated by the compiler to the complete array .
4. Each element can be accessed separately . e.g. a[0] is the first element of array , a[1] is the second , a[2] is the third and so on up tp a[n-1] being the nth element .

**Aray with trailing zeroes :**

e.g. int a[5] = {2,6}

This array has 5 elments . The last three elements will be 0s .

**Features of Arrays :**

1. Arrays can also be used as arguments to functions .
2. The first element of an array is always a[0]
3. An array variable (a) simply represents the starting address of the array .

**Multi dimensional Arrays**

These are similar to matrices . e.g. a[2][3] denotes elment in 3rd  row and 4th column .

## Referencing

type & reference\_name = variable\_name

Example : int &p = a

## Pointers

A pointer is a variable that stores the address of another variable .

Declaring a pointer :

type\*pointer\_name ;

Initializing a pointer :

type\*pointer\_name = &variable\_name

## Dynamic Memory Allocation

This is a memory management operator .

Syntax :

type\*new array\_name[Size in integer]

example : double\*new a[10] ;
Genetic basis of Inheritance MCQs

## Basic Level 1

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20
 Q1) What is the phenotypic ratio of monohybrid cross ?

a) 1:3 b) 1:2 c) 3:1 d) 2:1

* Select :
* a
* b
* c
* d

\_\_

 Wrong

 Answer : c

 Wrong

 Answer : c

 Correct Answer !

 Wrong

 Answer : c Q2) What is the genotypic ratio of monohybrid cross ?

a) 1:3:1 b) 1:2:1 c) 2:1:2 d) 3:2:1

* Select :
* a
* b
* c
* d

\_\_

 Wrong

 Answer : b

 Correct Answer !

 Wrong

 Answer : b

 Wrong

 Answer : b Q3) In a cross between two pairs of contrasting charachters ,that appears in F1 generation is termed as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ .

a) Recessive b) Ambiguous c) Non-Ambiguous d) Dominant

* Select :
* a
* b
* c
* d

\_\_

 Wrong

 Answer : d

 Wrong

 Answer : d

 Wrong

 Answer : d

 Correct Answer ! Q4) What is the phenotypic ratio of dihybrid cross ?

a) 1:3:3:1 b) 3:9:9:3 c)9:3:3:1 d) 1:3:3:9

* Select :
* a
* b
* c
* d

\_\_

 Wrong

 Answer : c

 Wrong

 Answer : c

 Correct Answer !

 Wrong

 Answer : c Q5) Whaat is the genotypic ratio of dihybrid Cross ?

a) 1:2:2:4:1:2:1:2:1

b) 1:4:4:2:1:4:4:2:1

c) 1:4:4:2:1:2:4:4:1

d) 1:2:2:4:1::4:2:2:1

* Select :
* a
* b
* c
* d

\_\_

 Correct Answer !

 Wrong

 Answer : a

 Wrong

 Answer : a

 Wrong

 Answer : a Q6)

## Level 2

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 3

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 4

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 5

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 6

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 7

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 8

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 9

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level Ultimate !

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20
.
Biology MCQs

1. Genetic basis of Inheritance MCQs
2. Gene : its Nature , Expression and Regulation MCQs
3. Biotechnology : Process and Application MCQs
4. Enhancement in Food Production MCQs
5. Microbes in Human Welfare MCQs
6. Photosynthesis MCQs
7. Respiration MCQs
8. Reproduction in Plants MCQs
9. Organisms and Environment - 1 MCQs
10. Origin and Evolution of Life MCQs
11. Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance MCQs
12. Genetic Engineering and Genomics MCQs
13. Human Health and Diseases MCQs
14. Animal Husbandry MCQs
15. Circulation MCQs
16. Excretion and Osmoregulation MCQs
17. Control and Coordination MCQs
18. Human Reproduction MCQs
19. Organisms and Environment - 2 MCQs.
Career Guidance : Engineering

Here are the options available under Engineering :

While selecting an option , keep the following factors in mind : Love for Subject , Marks secured in Entrance , Cut-off , College Ranking and fame ,Salary , Scope and proximity to home .

# Commonly Available Engineering Courses

## Computer Engineering

Computer engineering is a discipline that integrates several fields of electrical engineering and computer science required to develop computer hardware and software.

**Syllabus Overview :** Computer Programming , Coding , Hardware , etc.

**Marks Needed : (**MHT-CET**)**

1. Best College : 185
2. Top 15 Colleges : 170
3. Average Colleges : 130
4. Any College : 60

**Salary :**

1. Fresher : Rs. 3 - 5 lakh per year
2. Mid-Career : Rs. 5 - 10 lakh per year
3. Experienced : Rs. 10 - 20 lakh per year
4. Late Career : Rs. 20 lakh and above per year

## Electronics Engineering

**Syllabus Overview :** Hardware , Circuitry , Digital Electronics , Electrical and Electronic Components , etc.

**Marks Needed : (**MHT-CET**)**

1. Best College : 180
2. Top 15 Colleges : 150
3. Average Colleges : 130
4. Any College : 50

**Salary :**

1. Fresher : Rs. 1 - 6 lakh per year
2. Mid-Career : Rs. 2 - 10 lakh per year
3. After gaining Experience : Rs. 2 - 12 lakh per year
4. Late Career : Rs. 5 - 20 lakh per year
Gene : its Nature , Expression and Regulation MCQs

## Basic Level 1

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 2

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 3

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 4

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 5

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 6

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 7

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 8

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 9

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level Ultimate !

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20
.
Oscillations

### **Harmonic Oscillations**

Harmonic oscillations are those , which can be represented as a sine or cosine function of an angle .

### **Linear Simple Harmonic Motion**

Th motion of an object moving to and fro along a straight line is called linear simple harmonic motion .

F = -kx where F is the restoring Force ; k is the spring constant of force ; x is the displacement from equilibrium .

a = -kx / m

k/m = ω2

## Kinematics of SHM

**Displacement**

x = asin (ωt + α)

☀α is a constant of integration .

**Velocity**

v = ω sqrt[a2 - x2]

**Acceleration**

d2x/dt2 = - ω2x

**Period**

ω = 2π / T

... T = 2π / ω

but , ω = sqrt [k/m]

... T = 2π / sqrt [k/m]

T = 2π / sqrt [a/x]

T = 2π / sqrt [acceleration per unit distance]

**Frequency**

ω = 2πn

... n = ω / 2π

n = 1/T

**Phase**

Displacement is given by :- x = a sin(ωt + α)

... Phase Angle is given as :- ωt + α

**Epoch**

Epoch is the phase angle of a SHM when t = 0

## S.H.M. and U.C.M.

x = R sin (wt + δ)

R = sqrt [a12 + a22 + 2a1a2cos(α1-α2)]

δ = tan-1[a1sinα1 + a2sinα2 / a1cosα1 + a2cosα2]

## Energy of a Particle performing S.H.M.

Kinetic Energy = 1/2 k (a2 - x2)

Potential Energy = 1/2 kx2

Total Energy = 1/2 ka2

k = mω2

## Resultant S.H.M.

During the superposition of two oscillations , their displacements at the point of superposition are added up to give the resultant Amplitude .

x = Rsin

## Simple Pendulum

F = -mqsinθ

θ = x/L

acceleration = -gx/L = ω2x

T = 2π√(L/g)

f = 1/T

## Laws of Simple Pendulum

1) Law of length : The period of a simple pendulum is directly proportional to square root of it's length .

2) Law of Acceleration due to gravity : The period of a simple pendulum is inversely proportional to square root of acceleration due to gravity .

3) Law of Mass : The period of a simple pendulum does not depend upon it's mass .

4) Law of isochronous : The period of a simple pendulum does not dpend upon its amplitude .

## Damped Oscillations

Periodic oscillations of gradually decreasing amplitude are called damped harmonic oscillations .

A' = Ae(-bt/2m)
Braemar County

COUNTY

Skyline of Braemar County viewed from Braemar Beach

**Braemar County** is the second most-populous county in the Republic of Praya. The capital of Braemar County is the city of Braemar.

Braemar County is located north of Praya/Metropolitan County, accessible via National Highway 19. Its government offices are located in the Braemar County Government Centre.
Animal Husbandry

## Management of farms and farm animals

.It requires management procedures,new technologies to by

e employed in various animal farm systems to achieve improved quality

## Dairy

.It covers the production,processing and distribution of milk anf milk products . Identification of health problems , diseases and rectification by veterinary doctors is mandatory .

## Poultry

.It includes number of bird species which are domesticated for their eggs and meat . It includes species like chicken , duck , geese , turkey amd fowls .

Selection of proper disease free breeds is necessary .

## Animal breeding

.It is an important aspects

.Improving the desirable qualities and yield of animals are major achievements

## Bee keeping

It deals with artificial rearing of honey bees to obtain bee products

## Fisheries

It is used for catching, processing,fish farming and marketing of fishand other aquatic animals

## Sericulture

It is applied branch of zoology which deals with rearinf of silkworm and production of silk

## Lac culture

.Lacis produced by an insect tacchardia lacca

.It is resin like substance produced by dermal glands of female insect
Blowjob

Natter user Blowjob was violently kinkshamed during the soviet war; they have since become an anti-kinkshaming advocate, having publicly spoken on these issues in the past at Vorefest 2014, the National Powerfisting Senate of 2006, Furcon 2012 and the Global Sinner's Conference of 2009.

Blowjob is number #28,540 on the Natter database, is 20 years old and was part of the Great Tumblr Migration.

Tumblr

Natter
Interference & Diffraction

## Interference

Principle of Superposition : When two or more waves overlap , the resultant displacement at any point and at any instant is equal to the vector sum of instantaneous displacements that would be produced at the point by the individual waves independent of the other .

## Young's Experiment

The Interference pattern observed in Young's double slit experiment is hyperbolic . But due to our limitted vision it is observed as straight bands .

Fringe Width or Band Width

X = λD / d = d sinθ

Angular Width

θ = X/D = mλ/d , [where m = n or (2n-1)]

Fringe Width is directly proportional to intensity of light .

If α is the refracting angle , then

d = 2a(n-1)α

For thin transparent sheet placed in one of the waves , shift in fringe is given by :-

S = ( μ-1)t / λ fringes

## Biprism Experiment

d = sqrt (d1d2)

X = λD / sqrt(d1d2)
Career Guidance : PCM

Now , your main task is to select between Engineering / Pure Sciences / teaching / Architecture

The primary occupation a PCM student can think of is ofcourse Engineering ! But , along with it you can also become a researcher (scientist) or teacher . There is hardly any competition in occupations other than engineering . So if you want it easy then you can consider other careers .

Engineering

Pure Science (Research/Teaching)

Architecture
Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance MCQs

## Level 1

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 2

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 3

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 4

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 5

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 6

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 7

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 8

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 9

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level Ultimate !

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20
.
Lines MCQs

## Level 1

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 2

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 3

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 4

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 5

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 6

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 7

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 8

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 9

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level Ultimate !

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20
Biotechnology : Process and Application MCQs

## Level 1

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 2

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 3

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 4

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 5

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 6

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 7

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 8

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 9

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level Ultimate !

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20
.
Elasticity

The property of a body , by the virtue of which material bodies regain their original dimensions (size , shape or both ) after removal of deforming forces is called elasticity .

**Plasticity**

Plasticity is the property of a body to undergo permanent deformation even after the removal of deforming forces .

## Stress And Strain

**1) Longitudinal Stress & Strain (along length)**

Longitudinal Stress = Applied Force / Cross Section Area

Longitudinal Strain = ( l - l0 ) / l0 = ∆L / L

**2) Volume Stress & Strain (with Volume)**

Volume Stress = Applied Force / Volume

Volume Strain = ∆V / V

**3) Shearing Stress & Strain (with shape)**

Shearing Stress = Tangential Applied Force / Area

Shearing Strain = θ

## Hooke's Law

The **Hooke's Law** states that the Strain produced in an object is directly proportional to the stress applied on it .

Deformation α Deforming Force

Strain α Stress

Stress / Strain = E ; where E is a constant , called as Modulus of Elasticity .

## Young's Modulus

(for longitudinal strain and stress)

Y = Longitudinal Stress / Longitudinal Strain

## Bulk Modulus

(for Volume Strain and Strain)

K = Volume Stress / Volume Strain

Compressibility = 1 / Bulk Modulus

## Modulus of Rigidity

(for Shearing Strain and Stress)

**η = Shearing Stress / Shearing Strain**

## Poisson's Ratio

**σ = lateral strain / longitudinal strain**

## Thermal Stress

The thermal stress produced by heat is given by :

Force exerted by rod due to heating = Yα∆θA

## Determination of Young's Modulus

The **Searle's Method** is used for determination of Young's Modulus .

**Y = FL / A∆L**

The force applied , area of cross section and length of substance are known beforehand . The extension ∆L is measured using a Vernier Caliper which is attached adjacent to it .

## Elastic Energy

Strain Energy = 1/2 load x extension

Strain Energy per unit volume = 1/2 x (Strain)2

Strain Energy is defined as an elastic potential energy gained by a wire during elongation by stretching force

## Applications of Elasticity

1. The concept of Elasticity is used for selecting materials for construction of bridges , buildings , towers ,etc.
2. If a bridge is expected to carry a weight of the order 10n , then it should be capable of handling 10n+1 weight (i.e. it's breaking stress should be 10 times more than what it is expected to carry .) For example , if a bridge is supposed to carry 103 .kg-wt , then it should be capable of handling 104 kg-wt . The Factor of Safety is 10 .
3. The depression produced in an elastic beam is given by : **δ = Wl3 / 4bd3Y** ; Where W is weight/load , l is the length of beam, b is breadth of the beam , d is depth/thickness of the beam and Y is the Young's Modulus of the material .
Electrons & Photons

## Photons & Electrons

### Electrons

Electrons are the sub atomic particles of an atom , which are negatively charged . According to Bohr's Atomic Model , electrons revolve around the nucleus in stationary orbits at specific energy levels . When an electron absorbs energy , its energy level increases and it jumps out of the orbit and moves away from the nucleus .

### Energy

According to Planck's Quantum Theory , Energy exists in the form of discrete packets or bundles known as Quanta . Whenever an electron absorbs a quanta , its energy increases ; the electron jumps to a higher energy level and thus , it moves away from the nucleus .

### Photon

Photon is a type of Quanta . Photons are discrete packets of light energy . The word "Quanta" is used for all forms of energy , while the word "Photon" is used for only light energy . Photons have the same effect on electron as Quanta has .

## Photoelectric Emission

As we have learnt earlier in this chapter , electrons move away from the nucleus when electron is provided with energy . When light of a certain energy is incident on a metal surface , electrons are emitted out due to absorption of energy by it . This phenomenon is called as photoelectric emission . The surface from which electrons are emitted is said to be "photosensitive" . Alkali Metals are highly photosensitive . The electrons emitted in the process are called as photoelectrons .
Light of a certain frequency or wavelength is needed to produce a light of minimum energy needed to produce photoelectric effect .

## Work Function

The minimum energy needed to produce photoelectric effect is called as Work Function . The work done by this energy is in breaking the bonding of the electron with its nucleus and the metal surface .It can also be defined as the bond strength of electron with its metal surface .

The work function for a substance with incident light should be close or less than 2.3 eV .

## Intensity & Frequency

The number of photo electrons emitted depends upon the intensity of light incident on it . The kinetic energy of the photo electrons emitted depends upon the frequency of light incident on it .

## Stopping Potential

Note :

When the distance of radiation is changed , stopping potential remains same , while current changes due to change in intensity .

Intensity is inversely proportional to the square of distance of radiation . This relation can be used to find saturation current .
March 2012 : Chemistry

**Chemistry**

**70 Marks**

**3 Hours**

NOTE:

1. All Questions are compulsory
2. Answers to the two sections are to be written on same answer sheet .
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks
4. Write balanced chemical equations and draw neat and labelled diagrams , wherever necessary
5. Use of Logarithmic Table is allowed .
6. Answer to every question must be started on a new page .

Section 1

Q.1) Select and write the appropriate Answer from the given alternatives for each sub-question : [7]

1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .

Q.2) Answer any SIX of the following : [12]

1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .
8. .

Q.3) Answer any THREE of the following : [9]

1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .

Q.4) Answer any ONE of the following : [7]

1. .
2. .

.

Section 2

Q.1) Select and write the appropriate Answer from the given alternatives for each sub-question : [7]

1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .

Q.2) Answer any SIX of the following : [12]

1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .
8. .

Q.3) Answer any THREE of the following : [9]

1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .

Q.4) Answer any ONE of the following : [7]

1. .
2. .
D & f Block Elements MCQs

## Level 1

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 2

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 3

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 4

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 5

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 6

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 7

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 8

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 9

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level Ultimate !

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20
Current Electricity MCQs

## Level 1

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 2

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 3

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 4

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 5

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 6

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 7

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 8

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 9

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level Ultimate !

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20
.
Circulation MCQs

## Level 1

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 2

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 3

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 4

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 5

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 6

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 7

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 8

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level 9

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20

## Level Ultimate !

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20
.
List of Reaction Mechanisms

1. Nucleophilic Substitution
2. Electrophilic Substitution
3. Acid Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes
4. Hydrogenation of Alcohols
5. Dehydration of Alcohols to give Ether
6. Hydrohalogenation of Ethers
7. Addition of Hydrogen Cyanide
8. Acetal and Ketal Formation
9. Aldol Condensation
10. Action of Alcohols on Carboxylic Acids