recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Hyneria

### Attributes

Large size, for a lobe finned-fish; multiple fins; able to beach itself; powerful jaws

## Biography

### Locations

North America

***Hyneria*** (name meaning "*From Hyner*") is a genus of giant, lobe-finned fish that originated during the Late Devonian era in what is now North America. Measuring 5 meters long and weighing two tons, this large predatory fish had many similarities to modern snake-heads.

In the Series 1 episode "**Age of Fishes I: Land Dwellers**", a single female Hyneria was rescued from Late Devonian Pennsylvania, 360 million years ago. She resides in the Primeval Aquarium Enclosure.

## Facts

### Era & Discovery

*Hyneria* lived in North America during the Late Devonian around 360 million years ago and died out around 358 million years ago. One of the apex predators of its time, second to *Dunkleosteus*, *Hyneria* shared its environment with animals such as *Hynerpeton*, *Stethacanthus*, and *Bothriolepis*.

### Physical Attributes

*Hyneria* was one of the largest lobe-finned fish to have ever lived, measuring over 2.5 – 5 m (8 to 16 feet) long and weighing 2 tonnes (4,409 lbs). Able to swim at incredible speed, which made it a deadly predator. It was covered in large scales, had a solid bony skeleton, and also had powerful jaws and sharp teeth coupled with strong, short muscular front fins that allowed *Hyneria* to propel itself onto land. They were able to survive on land in short intervals by using its air bladder as primitive lungs, which would have also helped them thrive in oxygen deprived waters. It used keen eyesight and an acute sense of smell to detect prey, such as large fish and even primitive amphibians, such as *Hynerpeton*.

### Behavior & Traits

*Hyneria* swam in estuaries and rivers of the Late Devonian period, though it would sometimes venture onto land as well as out to sea for food. A large flesh-eating fish, its prey consisted of shark like *Stethacanthus* and amphibians like *Hynerpeton*. Victims would be caught in its jaws and then, while still alive, swallowed head first. Fossils suggest that *Hyneria* would strand itself on the top of mudbanks where they would wait for prey.

## Trivia

* Despite being a fish, *Hyneria* does appear to make sound effects of its own, some of which are that of lizard, snake, walrus, and other unknown sound effects.
Grizzly Bear

The **grizzly bear** (***Ursus arctos horribilis***), also simply known as the **grizzly**, is a population or subspecies of the brown bear inhabiting North America. Standing well-over 2 meters tall, weighing almost 600 kg, and said to be a direct relative of *Arctodus*, the grizzly bear is by far the most well-known species of bear in modern times.

Prior to the start of the series a family of Grizzly Bears were brought to the park from North America. They reside in the Bear Country Enclosure with their Ice Age Relatives.
Paraceratherium

**(Indricotherium)**

***Paraceratherium*** (name meaning "*Near the Hornless Beast*"), also known as ***Indricotherium**,* ***Baluchitherium***, or simply called the ***Giant-Giraffe Rhinoceros***, is a genus of large hornless rhinoceros that originated during the Early Oligocene epoch in what is now Asia. The largest terrestrial mammal of all time, standing over 7 meters tall and weighing around 15 tons (taller, larger, and heavier than an African elephant), *Paraceratherium* was essentially a giant rhinoceros trying to be a giraffe, hence its nickname the "*Giant-Giraffe Rhinoceros*".

In the Series 3 episode "***The Big, the Bad, and the Ugly***," several *Paraceratherium* including a female and her calf were brought to the park from Late Oligocene Mongolia 25 million years ago. They reside in the Giraffe Grasslands Enclosure with other animals.

## Trivia

* *Paraceratherium* is the largest mammal brought to the park.
* Though named *Paraceratherium*, it is referred to in the series as *Indricotherium*.
* Despite it's large size and that nothing big enough to attack them, large theropod dinosaurs, such as *Tyrannosaurus rex* for example, are capable of injuring and even killing an adult *Paraceratherium*.
Mustang

The **mustang** is a free-roaming horse of the Western United States, descended from horses brought to the Americas by the Spanish. Mustangs are often referred to as wild horses, but because they are descended from once-domesticated animals, they are actually feral horses. The original mustangs were Colonial Spanish horses, but many other breeds and types of horses contributed to the modern mustang, now resulting in varying phenotypes. Some free-roaming horses are relatively unchanged from the original Spanish stock, most strongly represented in the most isolated populations.

Prior to the start of the series, a herd of Mustangs were brought to the park from North America. They reside in the Mammoth Tundra with other animals.
Bornean Orangutan

The **Bornean orangutan** (***Pongo pygmaeus***) is a species of orangutan endemic to the island of Borneo. Together with the Sumatran orangutan (*Pongo abelii*) and Tapanuli orangutan (*Pongo tapanuliensis*), it belongs to the only genus of great apes native to Asia. Like the other great apes, orangutans are highly intelligent, displaying tool use and distinct cultural patterns in the wild.

Prior to the start of the series, a troop of Bornean Orangutans were brought to the park from Asia. They reside in the Ape-Man Jungle Enclosure with many of their other ape relatives including the ancestors of mankind.
Coelophysis

***Coelophysis*** (name meaning "*Hollow Form*") is a genus of coelophysid theropod dinosaur that originated during the Middle Triassic period in what is now North America. Measuring 3 meters long and weighing 25 kg, this relatively small carnivore is one of the earliest known genera of dinosaur.

In the Series 2 premiere "***New Blood***", a large pack of *Coelophysis* were brought to the park from Late Triassic Arizona, 220 million years ago.

## Facts

### Era & Discovery

One of the very first dinosaurs to evolve, *Coelophysis* lived in North America during the Middle Triassic period and lived up until the Late Triassic, from 228 to 201 million years ago. It lived alongside other dinosaurs such as *Liliensternus*, *Daemonosaurus*, and *Plateosaurus* as well as other reptiles like *Peteinosaurus*, *Placeris*, *Postosuchus*, and *Thrinaxodon*.

## Trivia

* *Coelophysis* is one of the first dinosaurs brought to the park.
Aboriginal Australians

### Attributes

Appearance similar to modern humans; stitching clothing; spears similar to Cro-Magnons

## Biography

### Locations

Australia

**Aboriginal Australians** are the various Indigenous peoples of the Australian mainland and many of its islands, such as the peoples of Tasmania, Fraser Island, Hinchinbrook Island, the Tiwi Islands, and Groote Eylandt, but excluding the Torres Strait Islands. The term Indigenous Australians refers to Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders collectively. It is generally used when both groups are included in the topic being addressed. Torres Strait Islanders are ethnically and culturally distinct, despite extensive cultural exchange with some of the Aboriginal groups. The Torres Strait Islands are mostly part of Queensland but have a separate governmental status.

Aboriginal Australians comprise many distinct peoples who have developed across Australia for over 50,000 years. These peoples have a broadly shared, though complex, genetic history, but only in the last 200 years have they been defined and started to self-identify as a single group. Australian Aboriginal identity has changed over time and place, with family lineage, self-identification and community acceptance all being of varying importance.

In the past, Aboriginal Australians lived over large sections of the continental shelf and were isolated on many of the smaller offshore islands and Tasmania when the land was inundated at the start of the Holocene inter-glacial period, about 11,700 years ago. Studies regarding the genetic make-up of Aboriginal groups are still ongoing, but evidence has suggested that they have genetic inheritance from ancient Asian but not more modern peoples, share some similarities with Papuans, but have been isolated from Southeast Asia for a very long time. Before extensive European settlement, there were over 250 Aboriginal languages.

In the Series 4 episode "***Dragon of the Outback***", Allen and the team encountered a group of Early Aboriginal Australians in Late Pleistocene Australia 65,000 years ago. Like the Paleo-Indians, the Early Aboriginal Australians did not notice the team's presence and followed them through the portal unlike the Cro-Magnons.

## Gallery

An Aboriginal Australian encountering a Megalania.A hunting party of Aboriginal Australians attacking a Diprotodon.
Megaloceros

## *Megaloceros***(Irish Elk)**

***Megaloceros*** (name meaning "*Large Horn*"), also commonly known as ***The Giant Deer*** or ***The Irish Elk***, is a genus of giant deer that originated during the Pleistocene epoch in what is now Europe and Asia. Standing around 2 meters tall and weighing around 700 kg, *Megaloceros* was the largest deer species of all time, dwarfing all modern species by far including the Moose.

In the Series 3 finale "***Mammoth's Undertaking Journey***", a herd of a dozen *Megaloceros* were brought to the park from Late Pleistocene Europe 30,000 years ago. They reside in the Mammoth Tundra Enclosure with other animals including the famous *Woolly Mammoths*. While watching two males fight they were attacked by a hunting party of Cro-Magnons. However one of them escapes while the other one got killed. The team captured the escaped male and brought him to the park.

Later in the Series 4 episode "New Arrivals", a male Megaloceros was seen grazing on grass while the team visited Mid Pleistocene Europe, 400,000 years ago before a hunting party of Homo Heidelbergensis attacked it. During the attack, the male injures one of the Heidelbergensis with it's antlers before one of the other hunters kills the deer by impaling it with his spear.

## Prehistoric Earth: A Natural History

### Series 3

Megaloceros debuted in the Series 3 Finale, Mammoth's Undertaking Journey where a herd of them were spotted by the team grazing on grass on the open plains with other animals such as bison, saigia antelopes and even the Woolly Mammoths. Eventually the team opened the portal and gets the Megaloceros herd to the park and were put into the Mammoth Tundra enclosure where they live with their modern deer relatives. Later during the winter Allen and the group encountered two male Megaloceros fighting for a herd of females nearby them. The males get exhausted from the fight and gave up until they were attacked by a hunting party of Cro-Magnons, one of the males escapes while the other was killed by the hunters. The team eventually rescues the male and bring him back to the present to join the herd they already rescued.

## Gallery

A Megaloceros being attacked by a hunting party of Cro-Magnons.Two Megaloceros fighting for a mate.
## Trivia

* The sound effects of *Megaloceros* are that of camel, deer, elk, and moose sound effects.
* *Megaloceros* is the largest prehistoric deer brought to the park.
Nothosaurus

### Attributes

Long, streamlined body; curious; sharp, thin teeth protruding out; weak jaw muscles; webbed feet; comfortable on both land and in water

## Biography

### Locations

Europe, Asia, & Africa

***Nothosaurus*** (name meaning "*False Reptile*") is a genus of sauropterygian reptile that originated during the Triassic period in what is now Europe, Asia, and Africa. A marine reptile measuring 4 meters long and with forward-pointed teeth to make it easier to catch fish, *Nothosaurus* was an ancestor of the group of marine reptiles known as the plesiosaurs of the Jurassic and Cretaceous.

In the Series 2 episode "***New Blood II: Marine Reptiles***", a pair of *Nothosaurus* were brought to the park from Late Triassic Arizona, 220 million years ago. They reside in the Primeval Aquarium Enclosure.
Elephantidae

**Elephantidae** is a family of large, herbivorous proboscidean mammals collectively called elephants and mammoths. These are large terrestrial mammals with a snout modified into a trunk and teeth modified into tusks. Most genera and species in the family are extinct. Only two genera, *Loxodonta* (African elephants) and *Elephas* (Asian elephants), are living.

The family was first described by John Edward Gray in 1821, and later assigned to taxonomic ranks within the order Proboscidea. Elephantidae has been revised by various authors to include or exclude other extinct proboscidean genera.
Castoroides

**(Giant Beaver)**

***Castoroides*** (name meaning "*Giant Beaver*"), is an extinct genus of enormous beaver that originated during the Pleistocene epoch in what is now North America. Roughly the size of a black bear, this is the largest species of beaver that ever existed.

In the Series 3 finale "***Mammoth's Undertaking Journey***", a pair of Castoroides and their young were brought to the park from Late Pleistocene North America, 11,000 years ago. They reside in Beaver Hotel Enclosure.

## Trivia

* Castoroides is the largest rodent brought to the park.
Fox Corporation Wiki

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Argentinosaurus

***Argentinosaurus*** (name meaning "*Argentina's Lizard*") is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur that originated during the Middle Cretaceous period in what is now South America. The largest known sauropod dinosaur, measuring 30 meters long and weighing 92 tons, *Argentinosaurus* was also the largest and most physically imposing dinosaur as well as terrestrial animal of all time.

In the Series 2 episode "***Clash of the Titans***", a herd of ten *Argentinosaurus* were brought to the park from Mid Cretaceous Argentina, 100 million years ago. They reside in the Sauropod Grasslands enclosure.

## Trivia

* Argentinosaurus is the largest dinosaur and the largest animal brought to the park.
Giraffatitan

### Attributes

Enormous size; long, vertical neck; nasal crest; large forelimbs similar to Brachiosaurus

## Biography

### Locations

Africa

In the Series 4 episode "*New Arrivals*", a couple of Giraffatitan were brought to the park from Late Jurassic Africa, 150 million years ago. They reside in the Sauropod Savannah Enclosure with many of their other fellow sauropod relatives.
Homo Sapiens Idaltu

***Homo sapiens idaltu*** is a subspecies of Homo sapiens that lived almost 160,000 years ago in Pleistocene Africa. "Idaltu" is from the Saho-Afar word meaning "elder" or "first born".

In the Series 4 episode "*New Arrivals*", a family of Homo Sapiens Idaltu were seen in Late Pleistocene Africa, 160,000 years ago. The family was struggling because of a devastating drought that is caused by the Ice Age further in the north. Like the Cro-Magnons, the Homo Sapiens Idaltu were allowed to live in the park which keeps their kin from the brink of extinction.
Gigantopithecus

## *Gigantopithecus***(Giganto)**

### Attributes

Large size; immense strength; impressive speed & agility; gorilla-like proportions

## Biography

### Locations

India, Vietnam, China, and Indonesia

***Gigantopithecus*** (name meaning "*Gigantic Ape*"), also called ***Giganto***, is a genus of prehistoric ape that originated during the Early Pleistocene epoch in what is now Asia. Commonly referred to as the "*real life King Kong*", *Gigantopithecus* was the largest species of primate that ever existed, standing nearly 4 meters tall and weighing over 570 kg.

In the Series 4 episode The Massive Ape, a troop of Gigantopithecus were brought to the park from Mid Pleistocene India, 500,000 years ago. They reside in the Ape-Men Jungle Enclosure with other hominids.

## Trivia

* The sound effects for *Gigantopithecus* are that of gorilla sounds used in cinematic movies such as *King Kong, Legend of Tarzan*, and *Rampage*.
Rhamphorhynchus

***Rhamphorhynchus*** (name meaning "*Beak Snout*") is a genus of Rhamphorhynchidae pterosaur that originated during the Middle Jurassic period in what is now Europe. With a wingspan of less than 2 meters, *Rhamphorynchus* was also an iconic, coast-dwelling pterosaur known for its long tail.

In the episode "*Cruel Seas,*" a flock of Rhamphorynchus were brought to the park from Late Jurassic Europe, 149 million years ago. Due to their small size they are one of a few animals allowed to roam freely.

## Trivia

* Rhamphorhynchus is the largest of the small pterosaurs brought to the park.
* The sound effects of *Rhamphorhynchus* are duck, pelican, penguin, and seagull sound effects.
Koolasuchus

***Koolasuchus*** (name meaning "*Kool's Crocodile*") is a genus of brachyopoid temnospondyl that originated during the Middle Cretaceous period in what is now Australia. Though the youngest known temnospondyl species, *Koolasuchus* is perhaps the largest prehistoric amphibian of all time, measuring 4 meters long and weighing 500 kg.

In the Series 2 episode "***Spirits of the Ice Forest***", four Koolasuchus were brought to the park from Mid Cretaceous Australia, 106 million years ago. They reside in a lake exhibit in the Primeval Aquarium Enclosure.

## Trivia

* Koolasuchus is the largest and the last prehistoric amphibian brought to the park.
Game Info/Mini Games/Tower Game/Level Maker

The **Level Maker** screen is accessed from the Combat Menu and allows you to play custom stages made by other players in the community, as well as earn additional daily rewards.

## Reward Chest

In the bottom left you can access the Reward Chest. You earn rewards depending on how many custom stages you clear. Note that any custom stage can be cleared for the rewards, but easier stages with easy to remember numbers are usually what is played on a daily basis (for ex: 711).

### Level Maker Rewards

* Training Speed Up (60 min) x1
* Magic Hourglass (Hero EXP) 2 hours x1
* Research Speed Up (60 min) x1
* Magic Hourglass (Mystal) 2 hours x1
* Thor's Hammer 1
* Construction Speed Up (60 min) x1
* Magic Hourglass (Stardust) 2 hours x1
* Thor's Hammer 1

## Tabs

* Selected stage: Popular levels
* Stage hall: Random levels
* New Stage: Featured stage

## My Designs

* Stage Designs: Used to create a new level
* My Designs: Used to view levels previously created.
* Achievement: Used to track rewards earned on custom stages you've released. Rewards are based on how many plays your stages get.
Gypsonictops

***Gypsonictops*** is a genus of leptictidan mammals of the monotypic family **Gypsonictopidae**, which was described in 1927 by George Gaylord Simpson. Species in this genus were small mammals and the first representatives of the order Leptictida, that appeared during the Upper Cretaceous.

In the Series 2 finale "***Death of a Dynasty II: The Return of the King***", several pairs of Gypsonictops were brought to the park from Late Cretaceous Montana, 65 million years ago. They reside in the Underground Hotel Enclosure.
Entelodon

## *Entelodon***(Hell Hog)**

***Entelodon*** (name meaning "*Complete Teeth*"), often nicknamed the "***Hell Hog***", is a genus of entelodont artiodactyl that originated during the Middle Eocene epoch in what is now Eurasia. Standing 2 meters tall, measuring 3 meters long, and weighing a ton, these omnivorous mammals are distantly related to modern day swine.

In the Series 3 episode "***The Big, the Bad, and the Ugly***," a group of *Entelodon* (consisting of four adults and three juveniles) were brought to the park from Late Oligocene Mongolia, 25 million years ago.
Asian Elephant

The **Asian elephant** (***Elephas maximus***), also known as the **Asiatic elephant**, is the only living species of the genus *Elephas* and is distributed throughout the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, from India in the west, Nepal in the north, Sumatra in the south, and to Borneo in the east. Three subspecies are recognised—*E. m. maximus* from Sri Lanka, *E. m. indicus* from mainland Asia and *E. m. sumatranus* from the island of Sumatra. Formerly, there was also the **Syrian elephant** or **Western Asiatic elephant** (*Elephas maximus asurus*) which was the westernmost population of the Asian elephant (*Elephas maximus*). This subspecies became extinct in ancient times. Skeletal remains of *E. m. asurus* have been recorded from the Middle East: Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey from periods dating between at least 1800 BC and likely 700 BC. It is one of only three living species of elephants or elephantids anywhere in the world, the others being the African bush elephant and African forest elephant. It is the second largest species of elephant after the African bush elephant.

Prior to the start of the series, a herd of Asian Elephants were brought to the park from Asia. They reside in the Ape-Men Jungle Enclosure, unlike their African cousins who reside in the Mammoth Tundra Enclosure with their mammoth relatives.
Microraptor

***Microraptor*** (name meaning ''*Small Thief*'') is a genus of dromaeosaurid dinosaur that originated during the Early Cretaceous period in what is now Asia. Measuring less than a meter in length and among the smallest dinosaurs ever discovered, this four-winged dinosaur fed on insects and other small creatures. Numerous well-preserved fossil specimens have been recovered from Liaoning, China.

One of the primary creatures needed for the park, in the Series 2 episode "***Dinobirds**,*" a colony of ten Microraptors were brought to the park from Early Cretaceous China, 125 million years ago. Due to their small size they are one of a few animals allowed to roam freely.

## Trivia

* Microraptor is the smallest dinosaur brought to the park.
Andrewsarchus

***Andrewsarchus*** (name meaning "*Andrews' Beast*") is a genus of carnivorous mammal that originated during the Middle Eocene epoch in what is now Asia and Africa. Among the largest mammalian carnivores known, measuring around 5 meters long and weighing a ton, *Andrewsarchus* was more closely related to hoofed animals, despite its canine-like appearance.

In the Series 3 episode "***Big Blue Killer Whale**,*" a pair of Andrewsarchus were brought to the park from Late Eocene Africa, 36 million years ago.

## Trivia

* Andrewsarchus is the largest mammal carnivore brought to the park.
* *Andrewsarchus'* scientific name is the same as that of *Velociraptor*. They both share the scientific name "mongoliensis​".
* The sound effects of *Andrewsarchus* are a mix of bull, large cat, hyena, walrus, and wolf sound effects.
* *Andrewsarchus* is among the largest mammalian predator known, along with *Arctotherium* and *Hyaenodon*.
* *Andrewsarchus* is now known to have an Entelodont-like body structure. They were most likely related.
American Shorthair

The **American Shorthair** (**ASH**) is a breed of domestic cat believed to be descended from European cats brought to North America by early settlers to protect valuable cargo from mice and rats. According to the Cat Fanciers' Association, in 2020, it was the eighth most popular pedigreed cat in the world.

Rebecca owns an American Shorthair named Luna and began to get along with Allen's dog Dutch.
Carnotaurus

### Attributes

Long legs; fast speed; vicious predatory nature; horns on head; two very small arms

## Biography

### Locations

South America

***Carnotaurus*** (name meaning "*Meat-Eating Bull*") is a genus of abelisaurid dinosaur that originated during the Late Cretaceous in what is now South America. Measuring 9 meters long and weighing 2 tons, *Carnotaurus* is one of the world's best-known dinosaurs, famous for its predatory nature and bull-like horns.

In the Series 2 episode "***Carnage***", a family of *Carnotaurus* were brought to the park from Late Cretaceous South America 72 million years ago.

## Facts

### Era & Discovery

*Carnotaurus* lived in South America during the Late Cretaceous period, from 86 – 65 million years ago. *Carnotaurus* was first discovered in 1984 by an expedition led by Argentinian paleontologist José Bonaparte. Since its discovery, *Carnotaurus* has become one of the most famous dinosaurs in the world.

### Physical Attributes

*Carnotaurus* was relatively large for a medium-sized predatory dinosaur. On average, they stood around 8 – 10 feet (2.5 – 3 m) tall, measured 24 – 34 feet (7 – 10 m) long, and weighed around 2 tons (4,000 lbs.). However, it was smaller than larger predators, such as *Allosaurus* and *Tyrannosaurus*.

Details of its skull indicate that it had a good sense of smell, but poor eyesight. Its forelegs were very small - some of the smallest among dinosaurs, some scientists even think they were fully internal, but this point of view isn't widely accepted. Being a lightweight, *Carnotaurus* could run extremely fast, and in fact, was one of the fastest theropods that had ever lived, running as fast as 30 – 35 mph.

Perhaps *Carnotaurus's* most recognizable attribute was the pair of small horns on top of their heads, just above their eyes. Rather than for confrontations, these horns seem to be for display in courtships during mating season.

### Behavior & Traits

Said to have the same short temper as a bull, *Carnotuaurs* was a ferocious dinosaur, hence its name. Like some carnivores, *Carnotaurus* hunted in pairs as well as packs but were also solitary. The pack would be made up of the parents and their offspring. During mating season, the males would show off their horns and the females chose the males with the largest and most colorful horns. Additionally, rival males would fight each other with bites, tail-whips, and ramming attacks.

When female *Carnotaurs* had babies, they were very wary of the males being around them, as male carnivores often eat their young. However, the males would help the females raise their offspring if it was ever necessary.

As far as hunting went, *Carnotaurus* would lie in wait within trees, waiting for the right moment to strike. Once they locked on a target, they would erupt out of the trees and chase down prey. Like most predatory dinosaurs of their size, *Carnotaurus* had been known to attack animals that rival their own size. Together in a pack, *Carnotaurus* would even be able to bring down small sauropods.

## Trivia

* The sound effects of *Carnotaurus* are that of cheetah, custom dinosaur sounds, jaguar, and leopard.
Daemonosaurus

***Daemonosaurus*** (day-mow-no-sour-us; name meaning "*Demon Lizard*") is a genus of theropod dinosaur that originated during the Late Triassic period in what is now North America. Though small, measuring 2 meters long and weighing less than 10 kg, *Daemonosaurus* was intelligent, lethal, and cunning pack hunter that brought down its prey in large numbers.

In the Series 2 premiere "***New Blood***", a pack of Daemonosaurus somehow followed the team through the portal from Late Triassic Arizona, 220 million years ago.

## Facts

### Era & Discovery

*Daemonosaurus* lived in New Mexico during the Late Triassic period from 225 – 208 million years ago. It lived alongside other creatures like *Coelophysis*, *Plateosaurus*, *Placerias*, and other Triassic creatures. They were first discovered at Ghost Ranch in 2011.

### Physical Attributes

*Daemonosaurus* were rather small for predatory dinosaurs, let alone a Triassic dinosaur, standing about 2 feet tall, measuring 5 – 7 feet (1.6 – 2.2 m) in length, and weighed 9 kilograms (20 lbs.)

They possessed a very thin and fragile-looking body structure which made them fast and agile; with long, thin forearms and double-jointed legs, and a roundish skull equipped with large, round eyes and tiny sharp teeth. They also had some individual differentiation in vocal tone, with some *Daemonosaurus* having a hoarser and deeper voice than others.

### Behavior & Traits

Despite their small size, *Daemonosaurus* was nevertheless a lethal and dangerous dinosaur. Coming from a time where the world was dominated by giants, *Daemonosaurus*, like the dromaeosaurs of the later Cretaceous period, were pack hunters which attacked in numbers to bring down their prey. When possible, *Daemonosaurus* preferred to close in on their targets and attack from above. They also usually preferred to attack loners if they could since lone prey wouldn't have a numerical advantage.

Like wolves, *Daemonosaurus* packs were each led by an alpha, which would command the subordinates in attacking prey. They had a close pack mentality and loyalty; when one *Daemonosaurus* was captured or trapped, the others of the pack would actively work to rescue and free it, and the *Daemonosaurus* pack would follow their alpha wherever it went.

They relied on intelligence and cunning, which made them quick problem-solvers who were able to learn on their feet from mistakes to overcome tricks, traps, and hazards. *Daemonosaurus* was also known to have an affinity for collecting and gathering shiny objects and materials, similarly to crows and magpies.

*Daemonosaurus* were highly territorial creatures; when they claimed a territory, they would attack and kill any intruders. However, it was still possible to conquer *Daemonosaurus* territory and take it from them, in which case the *Daemonosaurus* would, upon leaving, not ever return.

## Trivia

* In addition to being some of the first, *Daemonosaurus* is also among the smallest dinosaurs ever.
* The sound effects of *Daemonosaurus* are that of lizard, snake, vulture, and wolf sound effects.
Eosipterus

***Eosipterus*** (name meaning "Dawn Wing") is a genus of ctenochasmatid pterosaur that originated during the Early Cretaceous in what is now China. With a wingspan of 2.5 meters, this was relatively large for a small pterosaur.

In the Series 2 episode "***Dinobirds***", a group of *Eosipterus* were brought to the park from Early Cretaceous China, 125 million years ago. They reside in the Aviary Enclosure.

## Facts

### Era & Discovery

*Eosipterus* lived in China during the Early Cretaceous period, around 130 to 122 million years ago. It lived alongside animals such as *Microraptor*, *Incisivosaurus*, *Mei long*, and *Borealosaurus*.

### Physical Attributes

*Eosipterus* possessed a wingspan roughly around 2 – 3 m (6 – 9 ft) in length, comparable to that of the much later *Nyctosaurus*. It had a toothless beak and lacked any elaborate head crest.

### Behavior & Traits

*Eosipterus* was a piscivore, catching freshwater fish by dipping its beak into the water and skimming through it until a fish swam by. It also lived in small flocks, much like *Nyctosaurus*.
Hagerman Horse

**(American Zebra)**

Hagerman Horse (Equus simplicidens), also called the Hagerman **zebra** or the **American zebra**, is a North **American** species of equid from the Pliocene epoch and the Pleistocene epoch. It was one of the oldest horses of the genus Equus and was discovered in 1928 in Hagerman, Idaho. They are closely related to the African horse known as the Zebra.

In the Series 3 finale "***Mammoth's Undertaking Journey***", a herd of a dozen Hagerman Horses were brought to the park from Late Pleistocene North America 11,000 years ago. They reside in the Mammoth Tundra Enclosure with other ice age animals.
Age of Fishes II: Armored Fish (Episode 1.6)

***Age of Fishes II: Armored Fish*** is the sixth episode of the first season of *Prehistoric Earth: A Natural History*. It is also the second part of the episode *Age of Fishes*.

## Synopsis

The team dives into the seas of the Late Devonian to find large armored fish called Dunkleosteus.

## Plot

Having already rescued the park's first prehistoric amphibians, Allen reports to Joanna that he and his group now returning to the Devonian to rescue a large predatory armored fish known as *Dunkleosteus*. Rebecca feeds her cat Luna as Allen comes in to tell her of their latest mission. He then tells his daughter Crystal to take care while he is away in the Devonian with his team.

They take the boat and open the portal leading them back to the Devonian so they can bring back a living specimen of *Dunkleosteus*. After returning to the Devonian, Allen goes to catch bait by using a fishing rod while the team builds arounded cage to protect him and Rebecca from the *Dunkleosteus*' jaws. He finally catches something on his fishing line and caught a small placoderm fish related to *Dunkleosteus* called *Bothriolepis*. The team rescue living species of *Bothriolepis* for the park while Allen uses the one he caught to bait Dunkleosteus and wraps the fish in chainmail. Both Allen and Rebecca swim into the cage with the bait and waits a few minutes for the predatory fish to smell it.

A *Stethacanthus* arrives after smelling *Bothriolepis* in the chainmail and the group opens the portal to keep a few of them to the park. All of sudden, a large female *Dunkleosteus* arrives once it picked up scent and tries to get the bait. Allen attempts to entice the armored fish with the bait as it slams the cage to get it, leaving behind dents in the bars. The *Dunkleosteus* eventually snatched the bait with it's massive jaws and slices through the chainmail covering the *Bothriolepis*. A piece of the bait falls onto the ocean floor where a juvenile *Dunkleosteus* feasts on it until the adult kills and eats it. The *Dunkleosteus* then spits out the fish armor and the chainmail out of it's mouth, as the team sets up the portal to get the fish back to the park. Allen and Rebecca gather up the pieces of the chainmail and return to the boat as it and the *Dunkleosteus* travel through it down a waterway.

Two juvenile *Dunkleosteus* followed them through the portal and were put into separate enclosures in the park's aquarium as *Dunkleosteus* were cannibals. They feed them large chunks of meat which they devour with their jaws.

## Animals

* *Ammonite* (debut)
* *Bothriolepis* (debut)
* *Dunkleosteus* (debut)
* *Stethacanthus*
Dracorex

***Dracorex*** (name meaning "Dragon King") is a genus of pachycephalosaurid dinosaurs. It lived during the late Cretaceous period in what is now North America.

In the Series 2 finale "***Death of a Dynasty II: The Return of the King***", a herd of eight Dracorex were brought to the park from Late Cretaceous Montana, 65 million years ago.
Muttaburrasaurus

***Muttaburrasaurus*** (name meaning ''Muttaburra Lizard'') is a genus of herbivorous iguanodontian ornithopod dinosaur, which lived in what is now northeastern Australia during the Mid Cretaceous period.

In the Series 2 episode "***Spirits of the Ice Forest***", a herd of ten Muttaburrasaurus were brought to the park from Mid Cretaceous Australia, 106 million years ago. They reside in the Iguanadon Taiga Enclosure.
African Leopard

The **African leopard** (***Panthera pardus pardus***) is the nominate subspecies of the leopard, native to many countries in Africa. It is widely distributed in most of sub-Saharan Africa, but the historical range has been fragmented in the course of habitat conversion. Leopards have also been recorded in North Africa as well.

Prior to the start of the series, a family of African Leopards were brought to the park from Africa. They reside in the Saber-Tooth Rock Enclosure with the saber-tooth cats.
Arctodus

**(Short-Faced Bear)**

***Arctodus*** (name meaning "*Bear Tooth*"), often called the ***Short-Faced Bear*** and also known as the **Bulldog Bear**, is a genus of prehistoric bear that originated during the Early Pleistocene epoch in what is now North America. Measuring over 3 meters tall, weighing over a ton, and named for its short snout compared to other bears, *Arctodus* is believed to be one of the largest known terrestrial mammalian carnivores that has ever existed.

In the Series 3 finale "***Mammoth's Undertaking Journey***", a family of Arctodus were brought to the park from Late Pleistocene North America, 11,000 years ago. They reside in the Bear Country Enclosure.

## Gallery

An Arctodus attacking a Paleo-Indians.An Arctodus preparing to swipe it's paw on a Paleo-Indian.
## Trivia

* Arctodus is the second largest bear brought to the park.
Coelurosauravus

***Coelurosauravus*** (name meaning "*Hollow Lizard*") is a genus of basal diapsid reptile that originated during the Late Permian Era in what is now Madagascar. A small lizard-like creature resembling a green iguana or other modern-day lizards, it had specialized wing-like structures allowing it to glide, similarly to the modern-day Flying Dragon from South-east Asia.

In the Series 1 episode "***Desert Monsters***" several Coelurosauravus were brought to the park from Late Permian Siberia, 250 million years ago. Due to their small size they are one of the few animals allowed to roam freely.
Leptictidium

***Leptictidium*** (name meaning "*Graceful Weasel*") is a genus of small mammal that originated during the beginning of the Early Eocene epoch in what is now Europe. Measuring a meter long, this shrew-like insectivore mammal hopped like kangaroos do today.

In the Series 3 premiere "*New Dawn*," A female Leptictidium and her young were brought to the park from Early Eocene Germany, 49 million years ago after nearly getting killed by volcanic gas.
Doedicurus

***Doedicurus*** (name meaning "*Pestle Tail*") is a genus of glyptodont that originated during the Pleistocene in what is now South America. Measuring nearly 5 meters long and weighing 1 ton, *Doedicurus* was the largest armored Glyptodont mammal of all time.

In the Series 3 episode "***Saving the Sabre Tooth***," four adult *Doedicurus* were brought to the park from Pleistocene South America, 1 million years ago. They reside in the Giraffe Grasslands Enclosure and would mate and produce a total of six offspring.

## Facts

### Era & Discovery

*Doedicurus* lived in South America during the Pleistocene period over 1 million years ago. It shared its environment with *Arctotherium, Cuvieronius, Glyptodon*, *Macrauchenia*, *Megatherium*, *Phorusrhacos*, *Smilodon*, and *Toxodon*. *Doedicurus* was first discovered by Richard Owen in 1847.

### Physical Attributes

Ancient relatives of armadillos, *Doedicurus* was a large, well-armored, and spiky–tailed creature that measured 13 – 16 feet (4 – 5 m) long and weighing 1 – 2 tons (2,000 – 4,000 lbs.), making them the size of a car and they weighed almost 300 times as much. Their spiked tail clubs alone weighed 40 kilos – as much as a cannonball.

### Behavior & Traits

*Doedicurus* was a solitary animal most of the time. However, males would fight over a mate. Although their spiked-tails were fearsome defensive weapons, *Doedicurus* males mostly used their tails on each other to batter rivals into submission during hormone–fuelled jousts for a mate. Additionally, the females cared for their young.

## Trivia

* The sound effects of *Doedicurus* are that of bull, moose, walrus and wild pig sound effects.
* *Doedicurus* is the largest and one of the three species of Glyptodonts, the other one being the Glyptodon and *Parapropalaehoplophorus*.
Hybodus

***Hybodus*** (name meaning "*Crooked Tooth*") is a genus of hybodont shark that originated during the Late Devonian Era in what is now Europe. Measuring three meters long, this was a once wildly successful prehistoric shark.

Over the course of the series, *Hybodus* was encountered a number of times across certain timelines. With that, a number of individuals (from single individuals to as many as three at a time) were brought back to the park.
Physogaleus

***Physogaleus*** (name meaning ''Bubble Shark'') is a genus of prehistoric requiem shark that originated during the Early Eocene epoch in what is now North America, Europe, Asia and Africa.

In the Series 3 episode "***Big Blue Killer Whale**,*" several Physogaleus were brought to the park from Late Eocene Africa, 36 million years ago. They reside in the Primeval Aquarium Enclosure.
Long-Horned Bison

### Attributes

Large size; long horns; thick fur coat, colossal hump on shoulders, poor eyesight, social, aggressive when cornered

## Biography

### Locations

North America

***Bison latifrons***, also known as the **giant bison** or **long-horned bison**, is a species of bison that lived in North America during the Pleistocene epoch ranging from Alaska to Mexico. It was the largest and heaviest bovid ever to live in North America. It thrived in North America for about 200,000 years, but became extinct 10,000 years ago, at the beginning of the last glacial maximum.

In the Series 3 finale "***Mammoth's Undertaking Journey***", a herd of a dozen Long-Horned Bison were brought to the park from Late Pleistocene North America, 11,000 years ago. They reside in the Mammoth Tundra Enclosure with other ice age animals including the Woolly Mammoth.
Phorusrhacos

## *Phorusrhacos***(Terror Bird)**

* Male
* Female

### Attributes

Three meters​ tall; large, powerful beak; large talons; sharp wing claw; small wings; long neck

## Biography

### Locations

South America

***Phorusrhacos*** (name meaning "*Rag-Bearer*"), commonly known as the ***Terror Bird***, is a genus of giant flightless terror bird that originated during the Early Miocene epoch in what is now South America. Standing 3 meters tall, this large, carnivorous bird was one of the top predators of its time, rivaled only by *Smilodon*, and was arguably the largest flightless bird to have existed.

In the Series 3 episode "***Saving the Sabre Tooth***," a breeding pair of Phorusrhacos named Polly and Patrick were brought to the park from Early Pleistocene South America, 1 million years ago. They reside in the Aviary Enclosure.

## Trivia

* Phorusrhacos is the first terror bird to be brought to the park.
* The sound effects of *Phorusrhacos* are that of hawk, ostrich, and vulture sound effects.
Kaprosuchus

## *Kaprosuchus***(Boar Crocodile)**

***Kaprosuchus*** (name meaning "*Boar Crocodile*") also known as a **Boar Croc** in reference to its large, boar-like front teeth (which resemble that of a boar), is a genus of crocodyliform that originated during the Early Cretaceous period in what is now Madagascar. Measuring 6 meters long and weighing 2 tons, it was named for its unusually large caniniform teeth which resemble those of a boar, from which gave it its nickname, the "*Boar Croc*".

In the Series 2 episode "***Battle for Dominance**,*" a single adult female Kaprosuchus named Flat-Dog and her mate were rescued and brought to the park from Mid Cretaceous Africa, 95 million years ago.
Gemsbok

The **gemsbok** or **South African oryx** (***Oryx gazella***) is a large antelope in the genus *Oryx*. It is native to the extremely dry, arid regions of Southern Africa; notably, the Kalahari and Namib Desert. Some authorities formerly classified the East African oryx (*Oryx beisa*) as a subspecies.

Prior to the start of the series, a herd of Gemsbok were brought to the park from Africa. They reside in the Giraffe Grasslands Enclosure with other animals.
Nothrotheriops

**(Shasta Ground Sloth)**

***Nothrotheriops*** is a genus of Pleistocene ground sloth found in North America, from what is now central Mexico to the southern United States. This genus of bear-sized xenarthran was related to the much larger, and far more famous *Megatherium*, although it has recently been placed in a different family, Nothrotheriidae. The best known species, *N. shastensis*, is also called the **Shasta ground sloth**.
Euoplocephalus

## Physiology

### Description

Heavily-armored, herbivorous dinosaur equipped with a massive club at the end of the tail similar to Ankylosaurus

### Attributes

Heavy armored body; armored eyelids; club at tail end; short legs; soft underside similar to Ankylosaurus

## Biography

### Locations

North America

***Euoplocephalus*** (name meaning "Well-Armed Head") is a genus of very large, herbivorous ankylosaurid dinosaurs, living during the Late Cretaceous of Canada.

In the Series 2 episode "***Super Croc II: River of Death***", a herd of *Euoplocephalus* (consisting of six adults, and four juveniles) were brought to the park from Late Cretaceous Alberta 75 million years ago. They reside in the Ankylosaur Woodland Enclosure and recently welcomed hatchlings into the herd.

## Trivia

* Euoplocephalus is the second largest ankylosaur brought to the park.
North American Beaver

## Castor canadensis

The **North American beaver** (***Castor canadensis***) is one of two extant beaver species, along with the Eurasian beaver (*Castor fiber*). It is native to North America and introduced in South America (Patagonia) and Europe (primarily Finland and Karelia). In Canada and the United States, the species is often referred to simply as "beaver", though this causes some confusion because another distantly related rodent, *Aplodontia rufa*, is often called the "mountain beaver". Other vernacular names, including **American beaver** and **Canadian beaver**, distinguish this species from the other extant beaver species, *Castor fiber*, which is native to Eurasia. The North American beaver is one of the official national wildlife of Canada symbols and is the official state mammal of Oregon and New York.

Prior to the start of the series, several North American Beavers were brought to the park from North America. They reside in the Beaver Hotel Enclosure with their Ice Age relatives the Castoroides.
Quetzalcoatlus

## *Quetzalcoatlus northropi*

### Attributes

Features similar to Ornithocheirus minus the beak crests; small crest on the head; larger size; large wingspan

## Biography

### Locations

North America

***Quetzalcoatlus*** (name meaning "*Mexican Feathered God*") is a genus of azhdarchid pterosaur that originated during the Late Cretaceous period in what is now North America. With a wingspan measuring 14 meters, it was the largest pterosaur that had ever existed; often referred to as the king of the pterosaurs.

In the Series 2 finale "***Death of a Dynasty II: The Return of the King***", a small flock of *Quetzalcoatlus* were brought to the park from from Late Cretaceous Montana, 65 million years ago.

## Facts

### Era & Discovery

*Quetzalcoatlus* lived in North America during the Late Cretaceous from 75 – 65 million years ago. Living among other pterosaurs, such as *Pteranodon*, making it one of the last pterosaur species to exist as well.

The first *Quetzalcoatlus* fossils were discovered in Texas, United States, from the Maastrichtian Javelina Formation at Big Bend National Park (dated to around 68 million years ago) in 1971 by Douglas A. Lawson, a geology graduate student from the Jackson School of Geosciences at the University of Texas at Austin.

### Physical Attributes

*Quetzalcoatlus* was the largest pterosaur ever to have lived in Earth's history and thus the largest flying vertebrate of all time. Possessing a wingspan of 43 – 50 feet (13 – 15 m) wide and weighing over 500 lbs. *Quetzalcoatlus* was much larger than any other large pterosaurs, such as the more famous *Pteranodon* and even *Ornithocheirus*.

### Behavior & Traits

*Quetzalcoatlus* also fed on carrion and fish, like all other pterosaurs, but also hunted ammonites, fish, and crustaceans in the shallow seas. Additionally, new research by Mark Witton and Darren Naish revealed that they were actually giraffe-shaped, stork-like creatures, terrestrial stalkers that fed on small animals they picked up off the ground.

## Trivia

* The sound effects of *Quetzalcoatlus* are that of donkey, eagle, hawk, peacock, raven, sea lion, and vulture sound effects.
* *Quetzalcoatlus* is the last and largest pterosaur to the park.