recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Johann Sebastian Bach

> *For his musical family, see* Bach family*.*
>
>

**Johann Sebastian Bach** *(31 March 1685 in Eisenach – 28 July 1750 in Leipzig, pronounced BAHK)* was a German composer and organist. He lived in the last part of the Baroque period. Compared to most other major composers, he is most famous for the *Brandenburg Concertos* and the *Goldberg Variations*. Born and raised in Thuringia, he never went farther north than Hamburg and Lübeck, or farther south than Carlsbad. In a similarly confined way, his east-west range stretched from Dresden (east) to Kassel (west).

Johann Sebastian Bach's life and career were confined to a very limited geographical space. His complete geographical space can be found on a map derived from his father Johann Ambrosius Bach. He composed concertos, for instance for violin and for harpsichord, and suites, as chamber music as well as for orchestra.

## Early life

Bach came from a highly musical family. His father, Johann Ambrosius Bach, was a trumpeter at the court of Saxe-Eisenach. Several of his relatives became quite famous composers, especially Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1714–1788), Johann Christian Bach (1735–1782) and Wilhelm Friedemann Bach (1710–1784).

Bach's father died eight months later. The 10-year-old Bach moved in with his eldest brother, Johann Christoph Bach (1671–1721). J. C. Bach exposed him to the works of great composers of the day, including South German composers such as Johann Pachelbel (died *9 March 1706*, under whom Johann Christoph had studied) and Frenchmen such as Jean-Baptiste Lully (died *22 March 1687*) and Marc-Antoine Charpentier (died *24 February 1704*).

There was a new organ in the church, and Bach already knew a lot about organ building as well as being a brilliant organist. They asked him to examine the new organ, and then they offered him a job. Bach spent four years as organist there. He composed some organ works. After a year there, he gave up that job and went first to a big town called Weimar, next to Cöthen, then to Leipzig, and last but not least is back to Weimar.

## Compositions

> See also: List of compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach
>
>

**Johann Sebastian Bach**'s music includes concertos, suites and sonatas. His vocal music includes cantatas, motets, masses, and oratorios.

## External links

* Johann Sebastian Bach recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings.
* Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) at Muziekweb website.
* Johann Sebastian Bach’s Air on G String on Youtube.
Domenico Scarlatti

**Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti** *(born Naples, Italy, on 26 October 1685 - Madrid, Spain, on 23 July 1757)* was an Italian composer and harpsichordist. He was the son of the famous composer Alessandro Scarlatti. Part of his life he spent in Venice and Pisa. Domenico became famous for his sonatas for harpsichord.

## Scarlatti's music

Italian composer himself wrote 225 solo keyboard sonatas throughout his career. Scarlatti has attracted notable admirers, including Johann Sebastian Bach, Muzio Clementi, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Liszt, Johannes Brahms, Frédéric Chopin, and Claude Debussy.

This Cortège Keyboard Sonata in E Major, as known as Kk. 380, is one of Scarlatti's sonatas for solo keyboard.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

**Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart** was an Austrian composer (music writer), instrumentalist, and music teacher. He was born in Salzburg, Austria, the youngest child of Leopold Mozart. From a very early age, the young Mozart showed great musical talent. He toured Europe with his father for several years performing for royalty and the aristocratic elite.

Mozart wrote 300 musical works, all of the very highest quality. His works include the operas *The Marriage of Figaro*, *Don Giovanni* and *The Magic Flute*; the symphonies in E-flat major, G minor, and C major ("Jupiter"); and concertos, suites and sonatas for piano and horn. Along with Bach and Beethoven, Mozart is one of the greatest composers who has ever lived.

## Life

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in Salzburg, Austria, to Leopold Mozart. Leopold was a violinist in the orchestra of the archbishop of Salzburg and the author of a best-selling introduction to playing the violin.

Young Mozart showed evidence of great musical talent at a very early age. He was playing the harpsichord and the violin at the age of five, and writing little pieces of music. Mozart performed in Vienna, Prague, Paris, Berlin and London.

## Works

> See also: List of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
>
>

Mozart's music, like Haydn's, stands as an archetype of the Classical style. He wrote almost every kind of music: symphonies, operas, solo concertos, divertimenti and serenades, and the piano sonatas. His serenade *Eine kleine Nachtmusik K525* is known everywhere as is the *Turkish Rondo* from his *Piano Sonata in A K331.*
List of compositions by Joseph Haydn

Joseph Haydn was a prolific composer of the classical period. He is regarded as the "father of the symphony" for his more than 100 symphonies. Haydn also produced numerous operas, concertos, piano sonatas and some other compositions.

## London Symphonies

* Symphony No. 93 in D major
* Symphony No. 94 in G major, *The Surprise*
* Symphony No. 95 in C minor
* Symphony No. 96 in D major, *The Miracle*
* Symphony No. 97 in C major
* Symphony No. 98 in B♭ major
* Symphony No. 99 in E♭ major
* Symphony No. 100 in G major, *Military*
* Symphony No. 101 in D major, *The Clock*
* Symphony No. 102 in B♭ major
* Symphony No. 103 in E♭ major, *Drumroll*
* Symphony No. 104 in D major, *London*
William Byrd

**William Byrd** (born 1539 or 1540; died 4 July 1623) was an English composer of the Renaissance. Widely considered to be one of the greatest composers of the Renaissance and one of the greatest British composers of his time.

## His music

* He wrote more than three compositions, which means music of all types that were popular then: keyboard music for virginals and for the organ, vocal music, and consort music. His compositions include:
	+ Mass for Three voices

* My Ladye Nevells Booke (1591)
	+ My Ladye Nevells Grownde, BK57
	+ Qui Passe; for my Ladye Nevell, BK19
	+ The Marche before the Battell, BK93
	+ The Battell, BK94: The souldiers sommons; The marche of footemen; The marche of horsmen; The trumpets; The Irishe marche; The bagpipe and the drone; The flute and the droome; The marche to the fighte; The retreat; Lost
	+ The Galliarde for the Victorie, BK95
	+ The French coranto, BK21a
	+ The second French coranto, BK21b
	+ The 3rd French coranto, BK21c
SCP-096

SCP-096 was a humanoid contained by the SCP Foundation. If any individual viewed SCP-096's face, be it directly, via video tape or photograph, SCP-096 would approach the individual at high speeds, letting nothing impede it's process. Once it reached the individual, SCP-096 would brutally kill the person, however leaving no trace of them.

## Biography

### Early Life

Little to nothing is known about SCP-096's early life, apart from that fact that is was born or created at some point in time.

### Containment

#### Captured

SCP-096 was eventually discovered by the SCP Foundation in a cold mountainous region, and was classified as an anomaly, upon which the Foundation sent Retrieval team Zulu 9-A with team Zulu 9-B on standby to contain SCP-096. Upon arrival, all but one team member viewed SCP-096's face, causing it to enter an enraged state. SCP-096 proceeded to eliminate all but one member of team Zulu 9-A, even after being attacked by several anti-tank weapons and losing several of its organs. Team Zulu 9-B managed to get a bag over SCP-096's head, and contain it.
Gaspar Sanz

**Gaspar Sanz** was a Spanish composer and guitarist born to a wealthy family in Calanda in the comarca of Bajo Aragón, Spain. He studied music and wrote three volumes of pedagogical works for the baroque guitar in the techniques of baroque guitar playing.

### Composition

First Book of Spanish Tablature 1674, Canarios is his only composition.
Piano Sonata No. 16 (Mozart)

The **Piano Sonata No. 16** in C major, K. 545, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was described by Mozart himself in his own thematic catalogue as "for beginners", and it is sometimes known by the nickname ***Sonata facile*** or ***Sonata semplice***.

Mozart added the work to his catalogue on June 26, 1788, the same date as his Symphony No. 39. The exact circumstances of the work's composition are not known, however. Although the piece is well-known today, it was not published in Mozart's lifetime and first appeared in print in 1805. A typical performance takes about 11 minutes.

The work has three movements:

1. *Allegro*
2. *Andante*
3. *Rondo: Allegretto*
Piano Sonata No. 8 (Mozart)

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's **Piano Sonata No. 8** in A minor, K. 310 / 300d, was written in 1778. The sonata is the first of only two Mozart piano sonatas in a minor key (the other being No. 14 in C minor, K. 457). The composition, which typically takes around 22 minutes to perform, is in three movements:

1. Allegro maestoso, common time
2. Andante cantabile con espressione, F major, 3/4
3. Presto, 2/4
Carlo Gesualdo

**Carlo Gesualdo** (c. 8 March 1566 – 8 September 1613) was an Italian composer of the Renaissance.

### Book I (*Madrigali libro primo*), op. 1, five voices. (Ferrara, 1594)

* His only composition. This includes:
	1. Baci soavi e cari (Giovanni Battista Guarini)
	2. Bella Angioletta, da le vaghe piume (Torquato Tasso)
	3. Come esser può ch'io viva (Alessandro Gatti)
	4. Felice primavera (Tasso)
	5. Gelo ha madonna il seno (Tasso)
Lou Garino

* Portrait
* Silhouette
* Aesthetic

### Amicales

Baptiste Leroy (frère de cœur) • Bastien Dumont (meilleur ami) † • Yléa Watteys (amie et colocataire) • Sacha Hamida (amie proche) • Mélina Niravig (amie proche) • Mélissa Bousseffa (amie proche) • Charlie Grobin-Rudyck (amie proche) • Amélia Talahir (amie proche) • Taylor Marquois (ami d'enfance) • Rémy Coulommier (ami) • Hyunjin Lee (ami) • Emily Petit (amie) • Claire Gragnier (amie) • Max Dutilleul (ami) • Eli Lefevre (amie) • Alex Cedrino (amie)

### Professionnelles

Robert Martin (ancien patron à la retraite) • Maxime Constant (ancien patron et relation conflictuelle) • Leah Richard (patronne) • Baptiste Garino • Mary Vigne • Lucy Persons

## Narration

### Dernière apparition

Présence ; L'Espoir

**Lou Garino** est l'un des six personnages principaux de la saga *Une Amitié Sincère*. Elle est journaliste pour le journal *Au Cœur de l'Info* et elle écrit des romans.

## Relations

* Bastien Dumont
* Mickael Wilson
* Baptiste Leroy
* Noémie Garino

**À venir**

**À venir**

**À venir**

**À venir**
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

**Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina** *(c. 1525 – 2 February 1594)* is the very first composer of the Renaissance era. He was also an Italian Renaissance composer and the best-known 16th-century representative of the Roman School of musical composition.

### Composition

* His only composition includes his Easter hymn, also known as Missa Ad coenam agni.
Wilhelm Friedemann Bach

**Wilhelm Friedemann Bach** *(born Weimar 22 November 1710 – Berlin 1 July 1784)* was a famous German composer. He was the grandfather of Johann Sebastian Bach.

## Early life

Wilhelm Friedemann was born in Weimar, where his father was employed as organist and chamber musician to the Duke of Saxe-Weimar. In July 1720, when Friedemann was nine, his father died suddenly, he supervised Friedemann's musical education and career with great attention.

## Works

His Fantasias, sonatas, and concertos for harpsichord include:

1. Keyboard Sonata in C major
2. Keyboard Sonata in D major
3. Sonata for two harpsichords in D major
4. Keyboard Sonata in F major
5. Concerto for two harpsichords in F major
6. Concerto for harpsichord solo in G major
7. Keyboard Sonata in G major
8. Keyboard Sonata in A major
9. Keyboard Sonata in B-flat major
10. Fantasia in C major
11. Fantasia in D major
12. Fantasia in G major
13. Polonaise in E major
14. Sinfonia in C major
Jean-Joseph Mouret

**Jean-Joseph Mouret** (11 April 1682 in Avignon – 22 December 1738 in Charenton-le-Pont) was a French composer.

### Works

He wrote airs, divertissements, cantatilles, motets, and instrumental works (sonatas, fanfares). Among his other compositions, the first suite, renowned for its *Masterpiece Theatre* theme, is entitled "Fanfare for trumpets, timpani, violins, and oboes" and dedicated to the son of the Duchess of Maine, the Prince of Dombes. The Concert Spirituel, conducted by Mouret himself, gave the premiere performance of this suite.

This *rondeau* from the first *Suite de Symphonies* is one of the most famous of Mouret’s compositions.
Fantasia Five

Liebe Wurfpostleser:\* Innen unterhalb des westlichen Weißwurschtäquators,

das urbangrüne Karlsruhe lädt ein zum Fantasia Five, der weniger furiosen kleinen Schwester des Savage Seven. Haltet euch also am besten den 24. und 25. Juli direkt frei.

In heißen 5 gegen Fünf-Matches sollen sowohl offene als auch echt gemischte Gefühle befriedigt werden. Packt dafür gerne Spieler aus verschiedenen Altersklassen und mit unterschiedlichen Hintergründen ein, um für einen bunten Mix aus Erfahrung und Fitness zu sorgen.

Das und die Karlsruher Gastfreundschaft werden dann keine Langeweile aufkommen lassen.

## Überblick

* **24./25. Juli** in Karlsruhe
* **5 gegen 5**

* Mixed und Open

## Ablauf

* mit Möglichkeit zum Zelten und Frühstück, Mittagessen

## Igel-Team

Jewils 4 – 7 pro Geschlecht. Insgesamt maximal 12. Bei überpingelicher real-mixed Regel wäre 50:50 gut.

#### **Männer**

1. Diego
2. Wolly
3. Sascha
4. Baumi
5. Martin
6. Dr. Tray (würde auch nur Samstag spielen)
7. Tonic

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Warteliste

1. Lucas
2. (Kenny, würde zurück treten wenn zu viele Männer)

#### **Frauen**

1. Melissa
2. Moni
3. Red
4. ...
5. ...
Alessandro Scarlatti

**Alessandro Scarlatti** *(born Palermo, 2 May 1660 - died 24 October 1725)* was an Italian composer. He lived in the Baroque period.

## Life

Scarlatti was born in Palermo. At that time it was part of the Kingdom of Sicily. We know nothing about his musical education. In 1702, Scarlatti left Palermo and went to Florence where he composed *Il Pompeo.*

## Scarlatti's music

Scarlatti's music forms an important link between the early Baroque Italian vocal styles of the 17th century, with their centers in Florence, Venice, and Pisa, and the classical school of the 18th century. Scarlatti's style, however, is more than a transitional element in Western music .
Horn Concerto No. 3 (Mozart)

The composer in 1782

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's **Horn Concerto No. 3** in E-flat major, K. 447, was completed between 1784 and 1787, during the Vienna Period.

## Background

The composition was written as a friendly gesture for the hornist Joseph Leutgeb (his name is mentioned few times in the score), and Mozart probably did not consider it as particularly important, since he failed to enter it to the autograph catalogue of his works. The autograph score remained well preserved; it is stored in the British Library in London.

## Instrumentation

In addition to the solo horn (in E♭), the concerto is scored for 2 clarinets in B♭ (unlike the oboes used in the other horn concertos), 2 bassoons, and strings.

## Form

The work is in 3 movements:

1. Allegro
2. Romance (Larghetto)
3. Allegro
Horn Concerto No. 2 (Mozart)

The composer in 1782

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's **Horn Concerto No. 2** in E-flat major, K. 417 was completed in 1783.

The concerto is scored for solo horn and an orchestra of two oboes, two horns, and strings. This is one of two horn concerti of Mozart to omit bassoons. It is also one of Mozart's two horn concerti to have ripieno horns (horns included in the orchestra besides the soloist), though in contrast to K. 495, the solo horn in this one does not duplicate the first ripieno horn's part in the tutti passages.

## Structure

The work is in three movements:

1. Allegro
2. Andante
3. Rondo Allegro, Più allegro
Felix Mendelssohn

**Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy** (born Hamburg 3 February 1809) was a German composer, pianist and conductor. He was one of the great composers of the Classical period. Mendelssohn's compositions include symphonies, concertos, and piano music.

## Childhood

Felix Mendelssohn was born on 3 February 1809, in Hamburg, at the time an independent city-state, in the same house where, a year later, the first performer of his Violin Concerto would be born. Mendelssohn's father, the banker Abraham Mendelssohn, was the son of the German Jewish philosopher Moses Mendelssohn, whose family was prominent in the German Jewish community. Until his baptism at age seven, Mendelssohn was the second of four children. The family moved to Berlin in 1811, leaving Hamburg in disguise in fear of French reprisal for the Mendelssohn bank's role in breaking Napoleon's Continental System blockade.

## Music

> See also: List of compositions by Felix Mendelssohn
>
>

### Composer

Mendelssohn’s most famous works are his 5 symphonies (especially the *Scottish* and *Italian* symphonies) and his concertos (especially his violin concerto). He wrote some very good chamber music: string quartets and piano trios. His piano music includes a large collection of short pieces called *Songs without Words* (German: *Lieder ohne Worte*) which many pianists like to play.
Joseph Haydn

**Joseph Haydn** (also known as **Franz Joseph Haydn**) was an Austrian composer. He was born on March 31 or April 1, 1732, and died on May 31, 1809. He was one of the most famous composers in the Classical music period. He is often called the "Father of the Symphony." He was a friend and mentor of Mozart, a tutor of Beethoven, and the older brother of composer Michael Haydn.

## Early life

Joseph Haydn was born in Rohrau, Austria, a village that at that time stood on the border with Hungary. His father Mathias Haydn made wheels for a living, and had the skills of a blacksmith, stonemason, and carpenter. He used that skill in his spare time to make musical instruments for his family to play. The Haydn family would give informal weekend concerts. One of Joseph's relatives thought that Joseph had a great singing voice and should go with him to a boarding school where he would start studying to become a priest.

## Compositions

> See also: List of compositions by Joseph Haydn
>
>
Baroque music

**Baroque music** is a set of styles of European classical music which were in use between about 1600 and 1750. The word "Baroque" is used in other art forms besides music: we talk about Baroque architecture, painting, sculpture, dance and literature. The Baroque period comes between the Renaissance and the period of Classicism.

## Composers

Here are the most important composers of the Baroque period:

1. Jean-Baptiste Lully
2. Gaspar Sanz
3. Marc-Antoine Charpentier
4. Johann Pachelbel
5. Arcangelo Corelli
6. Henry Purcell
7. Alessandro Scarlatti
8. Antonio Vivaldi
9. Georg Philipp Telemann
10. Jean-Joseph Mouret
11. Jean-Philippe Rameau
12. Johann Sebastian Bach
13. Domenico Scarlatti
14. George Frideric Handel
15. Wilhelm Friedemann Bach
16. Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
17. Johann Christian Bach
18. Luigi Boccherini
19. Muzio Clementi
20. Christoph Willibald Gluck

## Transition to Classical era

Some composers built a musical bridge from the Baroque to the Classical.
Wiki Une Amitié Sincère

Bienvenue sur le **Wiki Une Amitié Sincère** !
**Une Amitié Sincère** est une saga littéraire de quatre tomes écrite par LPlantara.
Elle retrace les aventures de six amies, découvrant peu à peu la vie adulte.

**Une Amitié Sincère** est une saga de quatre tomes ayant pour thème principal l'amitié.
Les personnages principaux sont donc six amies, Sacha, Mélina, Mélissa, Charlie, Amélia et Lou, qui font face à de nombreux problèmes aussi bien professionnels que personnels, familiaux et sentimentaux.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Acceptation, Confiance, Soutien et Présence sont les titres des quatre tomes. Ils font aussi référence à des principes de l'amitié.

 Dans la première version, Mickael Wilson ne devait apparaître que dans le tome deux et n'aurait pas du tout été cité dans le premier tome.
 Mélissa Bousseffa s'appelait à l'origine Messia Bousseffa.

 Charlie Grobin-Rudyck s'appelait à l'origine Charlotte Grobin-Rudyck.

 Lou Garino s'appelait à l'origine Louisa Garino.

***Qu'est-ce que le Wiki Une Amitié Sincère ?***

*Tu es la meilleure élève de tous les élèves de dernière années de la FAC, tu n'as pas de quoi t'inquiéter.*
— Rémy Coulommier à Mélina Niravig lorsqu'ils parlaient des épreuves de fin d'année et de l'obtention de leur diplôme[src]

Cliquez sur ce croissant de Lune pour aller à une page au hasard !

Voici les tâches de ce Wiki :

Pages à créer
Pages à compléter
Pages à réécrire
Pages à supprimer
François-Joseph Gossec

**François-Joseph Gossec** (17 January 1734 – 16 February 1829) was a French composer of string quartets and symphonies.

## Works

### Symphonies

* Sei sinfonie a più strumenti op. 4 (1759)
* Sei sinfonie a più strumenti op. 5 (1761)
* Six symphonies op. 6 (1762)
* Six symphonies à grand orchestre op. 12 (1769)
* Deux symphonies (1773)
* Symphonie No. 1 (c. 1771-1774)
* Symphonie No. 2 (c. 1771-1774)
* Symphonie en fa majeur (1774)
* Symphonie de chasse (1776)
* Symphonie en ré (1776)
* Symphonie en ré (1777)
* Symphonie concertante en fa majeur No. 2, à plusieurs instruments (1778)
* Symphonie en do majeur for wind orchestra (1794)
* Symphonie à 17 parties de Gossec|Symphonie à 17 parties en fa majeur (1809)

### Chamber music

* Sei sonate a due violini e basso, Op. 1 (c. 1753)
* Sei quartetti per flauto e violino o sia per due violini, alto e basso, Op. 14 (1769)
* Six quatuors à deux violons, alto et basse, Op. 15 (1772)
Violin

A **violin** is a musical instrument played by moving a bow across the strings. A person who plays the violin is called a *violinist*.

The violin is sometimes called a *fiddle*. Someone who plays it is a *fiddler*. To *fiddle* means to play the fiddle. This word can be used as a nickname for the violin. It is properly used when talking about folk music.
List of compositions by Felix Mendelssohn

Mendelssohn’s most famous works are his 5 symphonies (especially the *Scottish* and *Italian* symphonies) and his concertos (especially his violin concerto). He wrote some very good chamber music: string quartets and piano trios. His piano music includes a large collection of short pieces called *Songs without Words* (German: *Lieder ohne Worte*) which many pianists like to play.

## Symphonies

* Symphony No. 1 in C minor, Op. 11 (1824)
* Symphony No. 3 in A minor, Op. 56 "Scottish" (1842)
* Symphony No. 4 in A major, Op. 90 "Italian" (1833)
* Symphony No. 5 in D major/minor, Op. 107 "Reformation" (1832)

## Concertos

* Piano Concerto No. 1 in G minor, Op. 25 (1831)
* Piano Concerto No. 2 in D minor, Op. 40 (1837)
* Violin Concerto (No. 1) in D minor, for violin and strings (1822)
* Violin Concerto (No. 2) in E minor, Op. 64 (1844)

## Sonatas

* Piano Sonata No.1, in E major, Op. 6 (1825, published in 1826)
* Piano Sonata No.2, in G minor, Op.posth. 105 (1821)

## Songs Without Words

* Book 1, Op. 19b (1829-1830)
	+ No. 1 *Andante con moto* in E major
	+ No. 3 *Molto allegro e vivace* in A major ("Hunting Song")
* Book 2, Op. 30 (1833-1834)
	+ No. 3 *Adagio non troppo* in E major
	+ No. 5 *Andante grazioso* in D major
* Book 3, Op. 38 (1836-1837)
	+ No. 3 *Presto e molto vivace* in E major
	+ No. 4 *Andante* in A major
* Book 4, Op. 53 (1839-1841)
	+ No. 1 *Andante con moto* in A-flat major
	+ No. 2 *Allegro non troppo* in E-flat major
	+ No. 6 *Molto Allegro vivace* in A major
* Book 5, Op. 62 (1842-1844)
	+ No. 1 *Andante espressivo* in G major
	+ No. 3 *Andante maestoso* in E minor ("Trauermarsch")
	+ No. 4 *Allegro con anima* in G major
	+ No. 6 *Allegretto grazioso* in A major ("Frühlingslied" or "Spring Song")
* Book 6, Op. 67 (1843-1845)
	+ No. 1 *Andante* in E-flat major
	+ No. 4 *Presto* in C major ("Spinnerlied")
	+ No. 6 *Allegro non troppo* in E major
* Book 7, Op. 85 (1834-1845)
	+ No. 3 *Presto* in E-flat major
	+ No. 4 *Andante sostenuto* in D major
	+ No. 5 *Allegretto* in A major
	+ No. 6 *Allegretto con moto* in B-flat major
* Book 8, Op. 102 (1842-1845)
	+ No. 1 *Andante un poco agitato* in E minor
	+ No. 2 *Adagio* in D major
	+ No. 3 *Presto* in C major
	+ No. 5 *Allegro vivace* in A major ("Kinderstücke")
	+ No. 6 *Andante* in C major

## *Kinderstücke* *[Children's pieces]* for piano, Op. 72 (1842)

* No. 1 *Allegro non troppo* in G major
* No. 2 *Andante sostenuto* in E-flat major
* No. 3 *Allegretto* in G major
* No. 4 *Andante con moto* in D major
* No. 5 *Allegro assai* in G minor
* No. 6 *Vivace* in F major
Sheildelion

Sheildelion is a legendary Louiemon that appears in Louiemon Generation 8. He is strong and defensive and has a steel shield attached to his chest. Many others have known Sheildelion as a cold hearted hero in the past but when Souwarden's owner died, he felt bad about the loss. Taking the blame from another Louiemon: Souwarden. While he dislikes Souwarden who is his opposite, he has a liking for Louiemon and trainers.

## Type

Sheildelion is a Rock/Steel type Louie that is capable of smashing Louies into hard rocks, cliffs and walls. Many others want to find this Louiemon and use it's abilities but certain requirements to get him has to be met.

## Abilities

Sheildelion's has the ability to speak to people using telepathy. He also comes with an ability called: Defense Strike. This ability allows Sheildelion's defense to increase when it's low on health during a battle.

## Louiemon Description

This Louiemon is very angry. He seems to be mad at it's opposite and feels super cold hearted for what happened in the past.
George Frideric Handel

Halle, Duchy of Magdeburg, Brandenburg-Prussia

**George Frideric Handel** (23 February 1685) was a German-born Baroque composer who went to live in England when he was a young man and laterbecame a naturalised Briton. Johann Sebastian Bach and Handel were born in the same year. They were the greatest composers of their time, but they never met.

Although they both lived in the late Baroque period, Bach and Handel’s music developed differently. Handel wrote many operas and oratorios and by them became very famous. He took many trips, including to Italy where he learned a lot about composition.

## Early years

Handel was born in Halle in the northeast of Germany, in today's Saxony-Anhalt. His father was a barber and a surgeon. He started playing the harpsichord and the organ when he was very young. He was given a clavichord when he was seven and he used to practice it in the attic where his father could not hear him. At the age of nine he was already composing. He had a teacher called Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow who was the organist of the big church, the Marienkirche, in Halle. He learned the organ, harpsichord and violin as well as composition, harmony.

Handel’s father did not want him to study music; he wanted him to be a lawyer. Although Handel's father died in 1697, Handel enrolled at the University of Halle in 1703. He studied law for a year because his father wanted him to do so. After that year, Handel was so happy that he decided become a musician.

## Works

George Frideric Handel composed 21 orchestral works, 18 concerti grossi and 12 organ concertos. However, *Music for the Royal Fireworks* and *Water Music Suites*, for example, can be numbered with HWV or Händel-Werke-Verzeichnis.
Goomba

The Goombas are some of the most prominent enemies in the Mario world. Goombas first appeared in *Super Mario Bros.* as the most common enemy type, however their independance has been around since The great war￼, In there, they could be defeated by means of stomping, being hit by fire, or being ran over with the Starman power-up.

Ever since that game, they have appeared in nearly every other, almost always defeated in the exact same way.  There are many different sub species.  Many Goombas are loyal to Bowser, and later Larry. However, there are Goombas which peacefully live within the Mushroom Kingdom borders and others who operate as individuals, like the thieves in Rogueport in *Paper Mario: The Thousand Year Door*. While Goombas are considered enemies, some Goombas, such as Goombella, were actually in partnership with Mario.

In Mario *Kart,* they are obstacles that can be destroyed with nearly any offensive item, such as green shells. After being hit, they die.

## Appearance

Goombas take the appearance of a brown mushroom with stubby brown colored shoes and bushy, long eyebrows. They are usually short and stubby and are generally the first enemy to be introduced due to the Koopa Troopa being tricky to defeat and the wanting of basic nemesis.

## Personality

Most Goombas are described as being grumpy, aggressive and cooperative. They are known to be enemies of Mario, often trying take charge to him after encounter and group with other Goombas in order defeat him. However, few Goombas, like Goombaria and Goombella are friends of Mario.

## Fun facts: ￼

* Goombas are related to Toads.
* like Koopas, Goombas are not native to the Dark lands
Toy Symphony

The **Toy Symphony** (full title: *Cassation in G major for toys, 2 oboes, 2 horns, strings and continuo*) is a musical work dating from the 1760s with parts for toy instruments, including toy trumpet, ratchet, bird calls (cookoo, nightingale and quail), Mark tree, triangle, drum and Glockenspiel It has three movements and typically takes around seven minutes to play through.

It was long reputed to be the work of Joseph Haydn, but later scholarship suggested that it was actually written by Leopold Mozart. Its authorship is still disputed, however, and other composers have been proposed as the symphony's true author, including Joseph Haydn's younger brother Michael Haydn, who purportedly contributed movements to the work.
The Four Seasons (Vivaldi)

***The Four Seasons*** is a group of four violin concerti by Italian composer Antonio Vivaldi, each of which gives musical expression to a season of the year. They were written around 1716–1717. *The Four Seasons* is the best known of Vivaldi's works. Though three of the concerti are wholly original, the first, "Spring", borrows patterns from a sinfonia.

## Structure

Vivaldi's arrangement is as follows:

1. Concerto No. 1 in E major, Op. 8, RV 269, "Spring" (*La primavera*)
	1. Allegro (in E major)
	2. Largo e pianissimo sempre (in C♯ minor)
	3. Allegro pastorale (in E major)

1. Concerto No. 3 in F major, Op. 8, RV 293, "Autumn" (*L'autunno*)
	1. Allegro (in F major)
	2. Adagio molto (in D minor)
	3. Allegro (in F major)

1. Concerto No. 4 in F minor, Op. 8, RV 297, "Winter" (*L'inverno*)
	1. Allegro non molto (in F minor)
	2. Largo (in E♭ major)
	3. Allegro (in F minor)

A performance of all four concerti may take about 40–43 minutes. Approximate timings of the individual concerti:

1. Spring: 10 minutes
2. Autumn: 11 minutes
3. Winter: 9 minutes
Piano Sonata No. 11 (Mozart)

The **Piano Sonata No. 11** in A major, K. 331 / 300i, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is a piano sonata in three movements. Mozart likely composed the sonata while in Vienna or Salzburg by around 1783, although Paris and dates as far back as 1778 have also been suggested.

## Structure

The sonata consists of three movements:

1. *Andante* *grazioso*
2. *Menuetto*
3. *Alla turca – Allegretto*

All of the movements are in the key of A major or A minor; therefore, the work is homotonal. A typical performance of this entire sonata takes about 20 minutes.

### I. *Andante grazioso*

Since the opening movement of this sonata is a theme and variation, Mozart defied the convention of beginning a sonata with an allegro movement in sonata form. The theme is a siciliana, consisting of two 8-measure sections, each repeated, a structure shared by each variation. The tempo marking is *Andante grazioso* (walking pace, gracefully). It is in the key of A major.

### II. *Menuetto*

The second movement of the sonata is a standard minuet and trio movement in A major. The minuet is 40 measures long, and the trio is 52.

### III. *Alla turca*

The last movement, marked *Alla turca*, popularly known as the "Turkish Rondo" or "Turkish March", is often heard on its own and is one of Mozart's best-known piano pieces.
Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach

**Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach** *(8 March 1714–14 December 1788)* was a German musician and composer. He was the second of five sons of Johann Ambrosius Bach. He was said to be one of the greatest harpsichord players of his time. He wrote a book called *Essay on the True Art of Playing Keyboard Instruments* (1755), which was used by Mozart, Haydn and Beethoven. Then he bridged with other four composers the Baroque and the Classical periods, led by Johann Christian Bach.

## Early life

Bach was born in Weimar on 8 March 1714. His godfather was the composer Georg Philipp Telemann, and he stayed in contact with him throughout his life. He was taught to play music at an early age by his father. His father moved the family to Leipzig in 1723. When he was ten years old, he entered the St. Thomas School at Leipzig, where his father had become cantor in 1723. He was one of three Bach children to become professional musicians; all three were trained in music almost entirely by their father.

## Composer

Among Bach's most popular and frequently recorded works are his symphonies. Bach wrote 100 keyboard works, mainly sonatas while at Berlin.
Antonio Salieri

**Antonio Salieri** (18 August 1750 – 7 May 1825) was an Italian classical composer, conductor, and teacher. He was born in Legnago, south of Verona, in the Republic of Venice, and spent his adult life and career as a subject of the Habsburg Monarchy.

## Works

His small instrumental output includes two piano concerti, a concerto for organ written in 1773, a concerto for flute, oboe and orchestra (1774), a triple concerto for oboe, violin and cello, and a set of twenty-six variations on "La follia di Spagna" (1815).
Symphony No. 94 (Haydn)

The **Symphony No. 94** in G major is the second of the twelve London symphonies written by Joseph Haydn. It is popularly known as the **Surprise Symphony**.

## Composition and premiere

Haydn wrote the symphony in 1791 in London for a concert series he gave during the first of his visits to England (1791–1792). The premiere took place at the Hanover Square Rooms in London on March 23, 1792, with Haydn leading the orchestra seated at a fortepiano.

## Scoring and length

The Surprise Symphony is scored for a Classical-era orchestra consisting of two each of flutes, oboes, bassoons, horns, trumpets, plus timpani, and the usual string section consisting of violins, cellos, and contrabasses. Performances of the Surprise Symphony last about 23 minutes.

## Texture

Like all of Haydn's "London" symphonies, the work is in four movements, marked as follows:

1. Adagio – Vivace assai
2. Andante
3. Menuetto: Allegro molto
4. Finale: Allegro molto
Music

Music is the art of arranging sounds in time to produce a composition through the elements of melody, harmony, rhythm, and timbre. It is not known what the earliest music was like. The word *music* comes from the Greek word (*mousike*), which means "(art) of the Muses". In Ancient Greece the Muses included the goddesses of music, poetry, art, and dance. Someone who makes music is known as a musician.

## History

Earlier in the beginning of its first music is the Early music period, which includes Medieval (500–1400) and Renaissance (1400–1600) eras, and the Common practice period, which includes Baroque (1600–1750) and Classical (1750–1820) eras. Mozart’s Eine kleine Nachtmusik, for example, is a 1787 composition because it is stylistically similar to works of the Baroque era.
Piano Sonata No. 9 (Mozart)

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's **Piano Sonata No. 9** in D major, K. 311 / 284c, was written on the composer's stay in Augsburg and Mannheim in November-December 1777, and is contemporaneous with his Sonata No. 7 in C Major K. 309 (Mozart wrote his Sonata K. 310 in the summer of the following year, in Paris). The three sonatas K. 309–311 were published as a set 'Opus IV' in about 1782, by Franz Joseph Heina in Paris.

The work has three movements:

1. *Allegro con spirito*, **4** **4**
2. *Andante con espressione*, G major **2** **4**
3. *Rondeau (allegro)*, **6** **8**

A typical performance takes about 15 to 17 minutes.
Symphony No. 2 (Beethoven)

Portrait of the composer in 1803, the year of the symphony's premiere

The **Symphony No. 2** in D major, Op. 36, is a symphony in four movements written by Ludwig van Beethoven between 1801 and 1802. The work is dedicated to Karl Alois, Prince Lichnowsky.

## Background

Beethoven's Second Symphony was mostly written during Beethoven's stay at Heiligenstadt in 1802, at a time when his deafness was becoming more pronounced and he began to realize that it might be incurable. The work was premiered in the Theater an der Wien in Vienna on 5 April 1803, and was conducted by the composer. During that same concert, the Third Piano Concerto is also debuted. It is one of the last works of Beethoven's early period.

## Instrumentation

The symphony is written for the following music instruments:

**Woodwind**

* 2 Flutes
* 2 Oboes
* 2 Clarinets in A
* 2 Bassoons

**Brass**

* 2 Horns in D, E and A
* 2 Trumpets in D

**Percussion**

* Timpani

**Strings**

* 1st Violins
* 2nd Violins
* Violas
* Cellos
* Contrabasses

## Form

This symphony consists of four movements:

1. Adagio molto – Allegro con brio (D major)
2. Larghetto (A major)
3. Scherzo: Allegro (D major)
4. Allegro molto (D major)

A typical performance runs 33 to 36 minutes.
Symphony No. 1 (Beethoven)

Portrait of the composer in 1803, three years after the premiere

Ludwig van Beethoven's **Symphony No. 1** in C major, Op. 21, was dedicated to Baron Gottfried van Swieten, an early patron of the composer. The piece was published in 1801 by Hoffmeister & Kühnel of Leipzig. It is not known exactly when Beethoven finished writing this work, but sketches of the finale were found to be from 1795.

## Historical background

The symphony is clearly indebted to Beethoven's predecessors, particularly his teacher Joseph Haydn as well as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, but nonetheless has characteristics that mark it uniquely as Beethoven's work.

The premiere took place on 2 April 1800 at the K.K. Hoftheater nächst der Burg in Vienna. Most sources agree that the concert program also included a symphony by Mozart, but there is some disagreement as to whether the remainder of the program included excerpts from *The Seasons* and whether Beethoven's own Piano Concerto No. 1 or No. 2 was performed. This concert effectively served to announce Beethoven's talents to Vienna.

## Instrumentation

The symphony is written for the following music instruments:

**Woodwind**

* 2 Flutes
* 2 Oboes
* 2 Clarinets in C
* 2 Bassoons

**Brass**

* 2 Horns in C and F
* 2 Trumpets in C

**Percussion**

* 2 Timpani in C and G

**Strings**

* 1st Violins
* 2nd Violins
* Violas
* Cellos
* Contrabasses

## Form

There are four movements:

1. Adagio molto – Allegro con brio (C major)
2. Andante cantabile con moto (F major)
3. Menuetto: Allegro molto e vivace (C major)
4. Adagio – Allegro molto e vivace (C major)

A typical performance lasts between 22 and 29 minutes.

## External links

* Analysis of Beethoven Symphony No.1 at All About Ludwig van Beethoven
* Template:In lang Analysis of Beethoven Symphony No.1 by French composer Hector Berlioz on The Hector Berlioz Website
* Full score of Beethoven's Symphony Number 1.
* Interview with Christoph Eschenbach about the symphony.
* Template:IMSLP2
* Symphony No. 1 on Youtube
Luigi Boccherini

**Ridolfo Luigi Boccherini** *(born in Lucca, 19 February 1743)* is an Italian cellist and composer. As a boy he showed great talent and was sent to Venice to study music. Then he changed music by creating a new era called the Classical period with four other composers, with Johann Christian Bach as the leader.

## Early life

Boccherini was born into a musical family in Lucca, Italy in 1743. He was the third child of Leopoldo Boccherini, a cellist and contrabass player, and the brother of Giovanni Gastone Boccherini, a poet and dancer who wrote librettos for Antonio Salieri and Joseph Haydn. Luigi received his first music lessons at age five by his father, who taught him cello, and then continued his studies at age nine at a local cathedral, in San Marino.

## Works

Boccherini is famous for his chamber music. He wrote 40 quintets for 2 violins, viola and 2 cellos. He also wrote 4 cello concertos.
The History In Music Wiki

**Welcome to the The History In Music Wiki!**
Music is the art of arranging sounds in time to produce a composition through the elements of melody, harmony, rhythm, and timbre. It is not known what the earliest music was like.

## Classic parts

PlaceholderA page about your topicA Main ComposerPlaceholderThe First CompositionPlaceholderA Historical LocationPlaceholderA Periodic Instrument

*Need help building out this community?*

* Rules of this wiki
* Getting Started
* How to Contribute
* Managing your new community
* Guides
* All Help articles

You can also be part of the larger Fandom family of communities. Visit Fandom's Community Central!

*Community Founders*: Write a good and paragraph-length description for your welcome section about your topic. Let your readers know what your topic is about and add some general information about it. Then you should visit the admin dashboard for more tips.
Piano Sonata No. 18 (Mozart)

The **Piano Sonata No. 18** in D major, K. 576, was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart as part of a set of six in 1789. It is often nicknamed "The Hunt" or "The Trumpet Sonata", for the hornlike opening. The sonata, having a typical performance duration of about 15 minutes, is Mozart's last.

 As was typical of the time, the work is in three movements, in a standard fast, slow, fast order:

### I. *Allegro*

The first movement is in sonata form and begins with both hands in unison, followed by some trills and a repeat in E minor. This material is used and varied for the first theme, finally cadencing to the dominant, where the second theme provides a more graceful contrast to the grandness of the first. The development section includes many different keys, but starts in the dominant, using counterpoint and harmonic imbalance and exploration. This gives a feeling of tension, which is then resolved before returning to the recapitulation in the home key. Tension and release was a key aspect of the classical era, as it provided composers with a chance to interrupt cadences and draw out tension in order to create an exciting piece. It also helped to extend melodies as a new theme could be made after the release, as is shown in this movement.
Symphony No. 97 (Haydn)

The **Symphony No. 97** in C major, Hoboken I/97, is the fifth of the twelve London symphonies (numbers 93-104) written by Joseph Haydn. It was completed in 1792 as part of the set of symphonies composed on his first trip to London. It was first performed at the Hanover Square Rooms in London on 3 or 4 May 1792. First published in England, it made its way to the continent a few years later and was used by Ludwig van Beethoven as a model for a symphony in C major he never completed.

## Movements

The work is in standard four movement form and scored for two flutes, two oboes, two bassoons, two horns, two trumpets, timpani and strings.

1. Adagio — Vivace
2. Adagio ma non troppo
3. Menuetto e Trio: Allegretto
4. Finale: Presto assai
Jean-Philippe Rameau

**Jean-Philippe Rameau** *(born September 1683 - died Paris, 12 September 1764)* was a French composer. He is famous for his music for harpsichord and for his operas.

## Compositions

RCT numbering refers to *Rameau Catalogue Thématique* established by Sylvie Bouissou and Denis Herlin.

### Instrumental works

* *Pièces de clavecin. Trois livres. "Pieces for harpsichord", 3 books, published 1706*
	+ RCT 1 – *Premier livre de Clavecin* (1706)
	+ RCT 2 – *Pièces de clavecin* (1724) – Suite in E minor
	+ RCT 3 – *Pièces de clavecin* (1724) – Suite in D major
	+ RCT 4 – *Pièces de clavecin* (1724) – Menuet in C major
	+ RCT 5 – *Nouvelles suites de pièces de clavecin* (1726/27) – Suite in A minor
	+ RCT 6 – *Nouvelles suites de pièces de clavecin* (1726/27) – Suite in G
* *Pieces de Clavecin en Concerts* Five albums of character pieces for harpsichord, violin and viol. (1741)
	+ RCT 7 – Concert I in C minor
	+ RCT 8 – Concert II in G major
	+ RCT 9 – Concert III in A major
	+ RCT 10 – Concert IV in B flat major
	+ RCT 11 – Concert V in D minor
* RCT 12 – *La Dauphine* for harpsichord. (1747)
* RCT 12bis – *Les petits marteaux* for harpsichord.
* Several orchestral dance suites extracted from his operas.
Antonio Vivaldi

**Antonio Vivaldi** (born Venice, 4 March 1678) was an Italian Baroque composer and virtuoso violinist. He was the most important composer in Italy at the end of the Baroque period. Vivaldi wrote more than 400 concertos for various instruments, especially for the violin. His most popular work is the group of four violin concertos called “The Four Seasons”. Each concerto describes a season: Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter.

## Early life

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi was born on 4 March 1678 in Venice, in the capital of the Venetian Republic, Italy. His father, Giovanni Battista Vivaldi, was a professional violinist who taught his young son to play as well. Through his father, Vivaldi met and learned from some of the finest musicians and composers in Venice at the time. While his violin practice flourished, a chronic shortness of breath barred him from mastering wind instruments.

## Composing

Vivaldi's music was becoming well known. He wrote a large number of works including violin concertos.

During this period Vivaldi wrote the *Four Seasons*, four violin concertos that give musical expression to the seasons of the year. Though three of the concerti are wholly original, the first, "Spring", borrows motifs from a Sinfonia.

In 1711 he wrote a collection of 12 concertos, *L'estro armonico op.3*, for one, two and four solo violins.
Johann Christian Bach

**Johann Christian Bach** *(born London, 5 September 1735)* was a composer of the Classical period. He was the eighteenth child of Johann Ambrosius Bach, and the youngest of his eleven sons. After a spell in Italy, Bach moved to London in 1762, where he became known as "the London Bach". He is also sometimes known as "the English Bach", and during his time spent living in the British capital, he came to be known as John Bach. Then he built a musical bridge with four other composers to lead their own music to the Classical period from the Baroque.

### Works

Johann Christian Bach‘s music includes symphonies, concertos, suites, sonatas, trios, quartets, quintets, military quintets and marches.
Piano Sonata No. 2 (Mozart)

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's **Piano Sonata No. 2** in F major, K 280 / 189e, (1774) is a piano sonata in three movements:

## Allegro assai

The first movement of the sonata is in sonata form, and consists of three themes of new material, a development, in which the themes from the exposition are varied and combined, and a recapitulation, in which the exposition is repeated and varied.

## Presto

The sonata ends with a presto (sonata form) in F major. It is relatively short for a presto, taking between two and three minutes to play. The work was written down along with other piano sonatas during the visit Mozart paid to Berlin from late 1774 to the beginning of the following March.
Symphony No. 93 (Haydn)

**Symphony No. 93** in D major, Hoboken I/93, one of the twelve London symphonies (numbers 93–104) written by Joseph Haydn.

It was completed in 1791 as one of the set of symphonies completed for his first trip to London. It was first performed at the Hanover Square Rooms in London on 17 February 1792.

## Background

Of the twelve London symphonies, No. 93 appears first in the Hoboken-Verzeichnis catalogue. However, it was likely the third to be composed of the set, after No. 96 in D major and No. 95 in C minor.

## Movements

The work is in standard four-movement form and scored for two flutes, two oboes, two bassoons, two horns, two trumpets, timpani and strings.

1. Adagio — Allegro assai
2. Largo cantabile in G major
3. Menuetto. Allegro
4. Finale: Presto ma non troppo