recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Koe Bōken

**Koe Bōken** [芒竺・卻; December 7 1912 - March 19 1985) was an acclaimed novelist of 20th century Kanton. She is considered one of the founders of the naturalism movement in modern Kantonese literature, and an icon for female writers in the Kantonese industry.

Koe was born in Naihana, Ganyama Prefecture. She moved to Jūkei in 1930 to attend a women's university, but soon dropped out to devote herself to writing full-time. The start of her career was rocky and coloured by the misogynism of her contemporaries; after showing a sample of her work to local newspaper editor Yoshi Kanebotsu, she was encouraged to 'make herself useful and become a typist'. Undeterred, she visited Ōyu Ōnaki, a well-established poet of the time, who told her that she 'would never realise her ambition' of becoming a novelist. In 1935, Koe became a student of satirical author Monno Takefu and began writing novels under his direction.

She was hired by the literary magazine Shishinnen in 1938, but was transferred by the magazine to the newspaper Shiyura Koppun, where she worked alternately as a typist, interviewer, article editor and writer. Later Koe said that this experience heavily informed her later writing style.

Koe published her first novel, *First Sight* (韓眼, *Kanme*), in 1940. It was a story about a *seiryō* and her relationships with different men from different social strata, while also focusing on the disappearing world of the traditional arts. Koe followed this with another novel in 1946, *Diving for Pearls* (辟午き, *Nebi Noki*), which told the stories of five different women, experiencing the ups and downs that came with their own social spheres, from low-class prostitute to the (fictional) wife of the Kantonese Prime Minister. This proved to be her most successful work.

Koe attempted to write in a realistic and highly personal manner, engaging the reader with the characters in a way which was considered rather revolutionary for the time. Her use of the first person, previously considered basic and unpleasantly ambiguous in Kantonese literature, made her stand out from her contemporaries. In the forward to her third novel, *Magpie*, Koe commented that she 'seeks to move the reader not by the unusual, but what is normal and average, and yet what they don't see most of the time'. Although often compared to her closest rival Sakami Sanji, Koe is sometimes criticised for the 'predictability' of her work, with characters often stylised with stereotypes and meeting ends that could be considered unimaginative. Koe defended this in a 1968 interview, stating that her novels were based on 'real life, and real experiences, which aren't always so exciting'.

Koe was elected to the Kantonese National Art Academy in 1951. In her later years, she also turned towards the genre of historical fiction. Koe died of bone cancer in March 1985, at the age of 73, and was buried in the city of Ankan in Ganyama Prefecture.
Kandatsu River

The **Kandatsu River** is a river which runs through the city of Kandatsu in Aoma Prefecture. It is one of the major rivers of the prefecture, and provides fresh water for the surrounding urban area. It is unknown whether the name of the city or the river came first, but most historians conclude that the Kandatsu River [literally, 'west-reaching'] was named first due to the westward direction in which it flows.

The Kandatsu River has been a major source of water for irrigation. Numerous irrigation canals have been built across the surrounding plain, and the river supports a vast array of rice paddies in Kandatsu city. The commercial fishery of sweetfish is no longer held on the Kandatsu, but its lower reaches are a source of commercial clam production.
Inewa

**Inewa** [稲岩; いねわ] is a city located in Heisai Prefecture. As of 2020, it had a population of about 19,000.

The city is located on a flat plain [Honbei Plain] also shared by nearby Meidaru, and its southern region is well-irrigated by the Yūnata and Ōmizu Rivers. Inewa is well-known for its cultivation of rice and blueberries [*anji*], which are considered a symbol of the city. Indeed, the city is one of the top producers of blueberries in the country. Inewa's most famous cultural attraction is perhaps Inewa Castle, an almost perfectly-preserved fortress built by the Komi clan during their conflict with the Tengō in the early 15th century.

The city has a number of sightseeing spots, such as Nōjosu, a small lake where fairies and sprites are said to live, and two perpendicular historically-accurate streets showcasing the architecture of Inewa in the 1700s, known as the Furukata ward. The Dōba Manor, a 19th-century stately family home, is also preserved in Inewa as a museum. The cuisine of Inewa includes barbecued lamb and horsemeat, often incorporated into dumplings [*buto*].
Kandatsu

**Kandatsu** [完达; かんだつ] is a city located in the far south of Aoma Prefecture. As of 2020, it had a population of around 166,000.

Kandatsu developed as a castle town for the Daima clan in the 10th century. The city is currently a regional commercial center, and the largest producer of apples in north-western Kanton. The city government has been promoting the catchphrase "Apple Town Kandatsu" to promote the city image; Kandatsu apples are known for their high quality and unique, sweet taste. The city is also notable for its many Western-style buildings dating from the early 1900s.

Kandatsu is the regional commercial center for southern Aoma Prefecture. The main agricultural crops include apples and rice, with Kandatsu accounting for 20% of the total production of apples in Kanton.

## Local attractions

* Kandatsu Castle
* Ryōhana Flower Gardens
* Kantai Street, a highway lined with Western-style buildings and homes
* Kandatsu Public Apple Orchards
Hinamachi Hills

**Hinamachi Hills** [棠萦ヒルス] is a park located in the city of Yamaebi in southern Shinkō Prefecture. The park was officially established and named in the 1970s, however, it had been a popular spot for people to gather during *hinamachi* for many years prior.

*Hinamachi* is the annual tradition of celebrating the crabapple tree, which is Kanton's national tree and a symbol of the nation. It is observed all over the country in almost every town and city, and never fails to draw big crowds. The Hinamachi Hills area is quite large, and as its name suggests, the land is quite hilly and steep. In May, hundreds (if not thousands) of people will gather on the grass amongst the crabapples.
Kanatari

**Kanatari** [笹衒; かなたり / Sunpaku: ちょぶす] is a city located on Dainan in Zōhai Prefecture. As of 2020, it had a population of around 34,000.

Kanatari served as a commercial centre of fishing for the island of Dainan for many centuries, and has been something of a bedroom community for the neighbouring cities of Shitori and Shikima for decades. Historically, Kanatari was the home of *ataran*, the native and traditional performing arts of the Summui, and often hosted dance and music festivals which continue to this day. The city is home to several gambling parlours, as well as a famous skate and BMX ramp under the Dainan Expressway. There is a large shopping complex in the city centre.

## Economy

Kanatari's economy is significantly supplemented by tourism, especially during autumn and winter, and its cultural and historical wealth make it a very interesting city for those who wish to learn more about the Summui culture. Kanatari is a producer of tea and various herbs and spices. There is also a sizeable manufacturing industry present in the city, and its retail sector is one of the biggest in Zōhai. Although fishing was once a large part of the local economy, less than 6% of the population are still involved with commercial fishing.

## Local attractions

The Kanatari Museum, along with the Kanatari Arts Theatre, are two main attractions worth visiting. Traditional *ataran* performances and displays are often hosted in both venues, and can attract large audiences.
Mount Sōun

**Mount Sōun** [僧云山; そううんさん] is a mountain located in the Ikumo range in north Kanton. It has a height of 700 metres, making it the second-smallest in the range. The slopes of the mountain were designated for protection in 1960, and renamed the Sōun Nature Reserve. Nowadays, visitors to the mountain are frequent, as there are plenty of hiking trails, along with wildlife to spot and the beautiful Sōun Temple.

Mount Sōun has long been regarded as a holy mountain and object of worship, along with being a destination for pilgrims. Much like Mount Senyu, it was often visited by religious zealots, and was sometimes used as a place of purification, especially when cleansing sinners of their karma. Religiously-motivated mountaineering has been practiced since at least the 1300s, and the various hiking trails around the mountain's slopes are mostly ancient paths once used by travelling monks.

At the top of the mountain stands the Sōun Temple, dedicated to the memory of Tadaki Benno, a revered and famous priest of the 18th century who is entombed within the building. There are five or six old shrines dating from the 1600s-1800s which can be discovered across the mountain's area. Traditionally, farmers would pray at these shrines for blessings, good fortune, or simple favours from the gods such as rain.
Genzaki

**Genzaki** [吃红; げんざき] is the capital city and prefectural seat of Kawara Prefecture. As of 2020, it had an estimated population of around 320,000, making it the most populous city in Kawara. It is also the largest city by geographical area.

Genzaki was settled in the early Nō period by ancestors of the Yu clan, who built a large and prosperous trade centre there. Over the centuries, Genzaki became the stronghold of the Yu and their seat in the wider region, which then held the name Itake Province. In 1150, the Genzaki Grand Temple was established by an order of monks under the name Itakeshirutō, and served as the major temple for those across the province. Both peasantry and clan nobles would make pilgrimages to this site, and it became an important landmark for Genzaki.

Genzaki grew to become a hub of trade, commerce and agriculture, with material processing also playing a role in its economy. Its large area was originally divided into multiple smaller 'districts', which focused on separate industries such as rice farming, blacksmithing, silkweaving, etc. For this unique system it was known from the 14th through 16th centuries as Yūkōdo, 'city of many trades'.

## Economy

The modern-day economy of Genzaki is focused on light processing, assembly, material refinement, steelworking, and agriculture. Rice farming is still a significant sector. Additionally, the city benefits from a lucrative tourism industry due to its multitude of historical and cultural sites.

## Geography

Genzaki is located on a long stretch of arable, flat and well-drained land in Heisai's eastern sector. Although originally separated into smaller subvisions of towns and villages, the whole area is now united under one name, council and economy. Genzaki's northern ward overlooks the coast, where the land drops off into sheer sea cliffs. Also in the city's northern region lies Lake Hagisu, a popular scenic spot.

## Local attractions

There are many interesting and significant attractions for tourists and visitors in Genzaki:

* Genzaki Grand Temple
* Myōzen Park
* Aosora Beach
* Lake Hagisu
Shinkō Prefecture

**Shinkō Prefecture** [行訳近; しんこうこん] is the largest prefecture in northern Kanton by population. As of 2021, the prefecture has a population of around 3 million.

Meikai is the capital of Shinkō Prefecture and the largest city in north Kanton, being the country's fourth-largest city overall with a population of 4 million. Other major cities in Shinkō include Futsukana, Saibun and Onsan. Shinkō Prefecture is located in the far north of the island, looking over the Pacific Ocean and facing Japan. From 1180-1881 Shinkō served as the seat of the Shin clan who were immensely powerful during their time. It was the political and economic centre of Kanton during the 13th century, at which time Meikai was the capital of the nation and the most populous city. Shinkō Prefecture is a popular tourist area today, with much local history to be explored, and many natural landmarks to be admired. The city of Saibun is a particular hotspot due to its natural hot springs, as is Mount Senyu.

## History

About 3,000 years ago, Mount Senyu produced a volcanic explosion which resulted in the creation of Lake Hagiyami in the west. It is believed that Mount Senyu became dormant approximately 1,000 years ago, as no other eruption has since occurred. Shinkō Prefecture has some archaeological sites dating back to around 500 BC; pottery and ancient tools have been found in large amounts near to the mountain, suggesting some kind of prehistoric civilisation established along its foothills. The volcanic soil would have been very fertile and helpful in growing crops.

From the 5th century until the 11th century, it is believed that the region was ruled by separate clans and families of varying sizes and power. The largest of these, the Shin, eventually rose to become the most powerful and united the entire prefecture under their rule in 1173. They remained as the rulers and *konbūshin* of Shinkō Prefecture until the late 19th century.

In June 1929, Shinkō Prefecture suffered the disaster of the North Coastal earthquake and subsequent tsunami which devastated its coastal villages and even caused inland flooding and damage. The earthquake itself was under sea-level, the epicentre being at least 10 miles offshore and 12 miles from the nearest settlement. However, the tremours caused a destructive tsunami which claimed over 700 lives. Throughout Shinkō's coastal region, and in some inland areas, many buildings and infrastructure collapsed or were heavily damaged, and subsequent fires burned the rubble along with anything else left standing.
Honna

**Honna** [坎上; ほんな] is a city located in east-central Heisai Prefecture. As of 2020, it has a population of around 85,000.

The Ōmizu River flows directly through the central region of Honna, and has provided vital irrigation for the community's ricefields for centuries. The city itself is located in a shallow valley known as the Honnamidasu region.

The economy of Honna has been traditionally agricultural, however, due to its ease of access with Tenzai and Shinbara via expressway, the area has rapidly developed into a light manufacture and transshipment centre, with numerous industrial parks. The city is famous for the magnolia blossoms that bloom in Honnakoro Park, which is regarded as one of the best places in which to spend *hinamachi* in northern Kanton. Another hallmark of Honna is the Kui Kinna dance, performed by dancers dressed as demons during the local summer festivals. Honna also boasts a site reputed to be the grave of the famed Nittori period poet, Tō no Yume.

The Honna Temple in the city's southern ward is a well-known and ancient Kiren site, first constructed in 1584.
Kyōbun

**Kyōbun** [孮潘; きょうぶん] are traditional Kantonese commercial districts, descended from historical marketplaces, which take the form of long streets closed to car traffic and lined with shopfronts, street stalls and small businesses. Local *kyōbun* cater to the needs of nearby residents with a diverse mix of speciality shops and few large retailers. However, large metropolitan *kyōbun* will often feature huge advertisements and a lack of small shops, their outlets mostly belonging to international foreign retailers. In many neighbourhoods, *kyōbun* areas serve as communal gathering spaces, holding festivals, processions and other events throughout the year.

Many older *kyōbun* developed along roads leading to a large shrine or temple. More modern *kyōbun* often connect to the nearest train or subway station, or other public gathering points such as large parks or landmarks. Most suburbs and towns of Kanton have *kyōbun* of varying size, and larger *kyōbun* may be located in shopping malls and complexes.

## Features

A neighbourhood *kyōbun* may be anchored by one or two large retailers (such as a grocery store or clothing store), however the majority of retailers are small shops which specialise in specific products such as fruits, vegetables, meat, books, clothing, antiques, furniture, housewares, or stationary, alongside specific services like barber shops, laundromats, printing shops, computer tech centres, tailors or dry cleaners. Restaurants are often close together, within a smaller section of the *kyōbun* dedicated to eating and dining. Public services located within or near to a *kyōbun* often include a post office or a small *kaishi* police station. In larger cities, more centrally-located *kyōbun* include more chain retailers, along with hotels, convenience stores, and leisure centres.
Manza

**Manza** [前最; まんざ] was the title given to the military dictators of Kanton's national army during the period spanning from the 12th century to 1879. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, *manza* were given the governance of the national military, and were in charge of most national affairs. They were chosen from a pool of high-ranking nominees from the imperial courts who had been put forward through their power, wealth, or in later periods, through voting by the populace.

Although *manza* were figureheads of protection, control, and peace-keeping, they retained only nominal authority. The *manza*'s officials were known collectively as the *kunjō*; they were the ones who carried out the duties of administration, although they had to follow the commands of their leader. These groups often consisted of high-ranking and experienced local *sai*. Once a certain clan or family had taken the title of *manza*, it could be handed down hereditarily unless disrupted.

## Etymology

The word *manza* uses the two characters 前 [*man*] meaning 'face' or 'forward', and 最 [*za*] meaning 'military' or 'army'. In other words, it could be transliterated as 'face of the army' - meaning a prefectural force.

## History

### Nittori period [1000-1300]

Although the actual office and title of *manza* did not exist until it was formed by the Emperor Iezu in 1227, it was inspired by a previous generation of military officials known as *konbūshin*, who served a very similar role throughout the Chisō period. *Konbūshin* were powerful commanders who oversaw their prefectural armies and were in charge of all military affairs within their home regions. They worked alongside the chief of a clan, making them hugely powerful, and they held more prestige than knights [*sai*]. *Konbūshin* continued to work under their *kunjō* administrators until the 1800s, when the entire system was abolished.

There was much conflict involved with the system of choosing a new *konbūshin*, as although the title was passed down hereditarily, competition for such strong power and influence was always rife and sometimes quite ferocious. First-born sons of existing *konbūshin* were expected to inherit the title, but it was common for their brothers to sabotage their inheritance, or even for other family members to try and disprove their worth and take the title for themselves. It was possible for the heir to be changed if the current was considered unfit, which presented a lot of opportunity to those who coveted the title. Being the first-born son of a *konbūshin* commander was incredibly dangerous. A jocular proverb from the 1250s says 'if a *būshin-mida* [heir] is fit to survive his childhood, he is fit to become *konbūshin*.'

### Kenrei period [1300-1427]

By the early Kenrei period, the system of *manza* had been approved and set in place. *Konbūshin* continued their work, answering to the *manza* for the organisation of expeditions or higher affairs.
Kuyama

**Kuyama** [导山; くやま / Sunpaku: だずん] is a city located on Dainan in Zōhai Prefecture. As of 2020, it had an estimated population of roughly 16,000.

The oldest confirmed ruins on Dainan island were discovered in Kuyama in 1971, with artifacts including stone tools, rope, arrows, and pottery shards. It is thought by historians that the ancient residents of Kuyama, and possibly the rest of northern Dainan, were less advanced than the southern population and focused more heavily on a hunter-gatherer lifestyle rather than agriculture.

In terms of economy, Kuyama is mostly known for its beef and pork farming, along with its production of wool.
Kyungo

**Kyungo** [きゅんご; sometimes spelled 級柰] is a traditional side dish and seasoning commonly used in Kantonese cuisine. It refers to pickled garlic, either as whole cloves, as a vinegar, or in powder form. Pickled garlic which is not dried is called *suigo*. Powdered *kyungo* is known as *ningona*. Pickled garlic vinegar is called *ningotsu*.

*Kyungo* is usually stored in glass jars, and can be kept for a long time due to its preserved state. Usually the garlic tastes quite salty and can be sour depending on the exact method of pickling used. Spicy *kyungo* also exists. Although different versions of *kyungo* exist all over Kanton, the central region of --- Prefecture is known throughout the country for the amount of *kyungo* it produces and the prized quality. The town of --- in particular grows more garlic and produces more *kyungo* than any other town in Kanton.

*Kyungo* is traditionally made by harvesting garlic in early July or late June, and packing the cloves into barrels. Salt solution is poured in, and the cloves soak in the surrounding brine for around a fortnight. The salty, aromatic liquid is marketed as *ningotsu.* Many varieties of *kyungo* are sold on the market, and some are desalinated to a certain extent and re-soaked in a flavouring liquid. They are sometimes sold as a powder in small packets, which can be used for soups or noodle dishes, or in a finely-chopped form for stir-frys. *Jiningo* is a popular spicy type of pickled garlic.

## Consumption

*Kyungo* is usually eaten in small quantities with rice, for added flavour. Its role in a meal depends on the form it takes - vinegar, powder or whole cloves. *Kyungo* is often used as a cooking accent to enhance flavor and presentation. It is a common ingredient in soups, or mixed with rice as a paste. The standard Kantonese folk remedy for colds and flus is rice gruel (*sobi*] with *kyungo* powder sprinkled on top. Pickled garlic was esteemed historically for its beneficial effects on the heart, immune system and brain.
Heisai dialect

Generally, the **Heisai dialect** [澤筌丞言; へいさい じょうげん] is of close relation to the speech used in [32] prefecture. However, there are some differences which distinguish a speaker of the Heisai variety.

Perhaps one of the most famous examples of the Heisai dialect used in literature or media are the poem anthologies written by Ōyama no Beiryū, a 16th-century scholar and poet who hailed from southern Heisai. Interestingly, his version of the Heisai dialect is almost indistinguishable from the modern-day variety, suggesting that there has been little change to the Heisai speech for over 600 years. His most famous poem, On Snowy Mountains, makes frequent use of the regional word *yukei* which means ‘snow’.

## Features

* - Like most northern dialects, vowels become emphasised and extended.
* - The pronounciation of /dʒ/ and /t͡ʃ/ is often indistinguishable and more aspirated than in Standard. Additionally, the sound of /ʃ/ becomes closer to /ʑ/, especially after a /n/ sound. E.g. 薫 [jinshi, fragrance] becomes /t͡ʃin.ʑi/.
* - The sound of /tsu/ at the end of words is often reduced considerably.
* - Heisai dialect has a large amount of onomatopeia which differs from the onomatopeia of Standard Kantonese. Many of these words are oddly specific - for example, すんずれ is supposed to be the sound of a spider spinning its web, but is understood to mean somebody busily working, or working diligently.
* - /sa, su, so, se/ will often morph into a softened /ts/ sound.
* - The directional particle -に becomes -て.
* - The imperative mood changes from -ようせん to -やつ.
* - A unique particle, -そめ, can be added to the end of a sentence in Heisai to express wonderment or curiosity. E.g. おっかごれを向そめ？= How did you make that?
* - Intervocalic /g/ is very likely to become /ŋ/.
* - The volitional form in Heisai dialect becomes -っべ, or sometimes -っぺ. E.g. Let’s work together! = つお动っべ！

## Common vocabulary

* のう - I, me [neutral]
* あんな - you [neutral]
* つお - together [also ‘we’ or ‘they’]
* にっけ - cat
* ぺんご - caviar, fish roe
* とぼい - noodles
* ゆけい - snow
* へいつぁい - Heisai
* さつ - going, go
Konami

**Konami** [邵; こなみ] is a city located in eastern Heisai Prefecture on the coast. As of 2020, it had a population of around 17,000.

Konami is a seaside town known for its production of seafood and other marine products, particularly seaweed and kelp. It also has a substantial agricultural sector which exports potatoes, rice, apples, and turnips. Its seaside location also makes Konami a minor centre of trade, and its small harbour, Konami Harbour, is also shared in part by the adjacent city of Temizu.

Konami suffered a great deal of damage during the 2015 Shihei Tsunami, which washed over the settlements located on the Shihei Pensinsula. The city, along with neighbouring Mizuka, Shida and parts of Nishima, was hit by a colossal wave which destroyed harbours and low-lying areas, flooding around 60% of the peninsula's total area. The tsunami destroyed all but 30 of the 650 fishing boats and almost completely wiped out the peninsula's marine industries. Although Konami was largely sheltered behind Shihei's eastern cliffs, the town of Shida suffered the most damage, and has still not fully recovered. 11 people died in the disaster, with 348 being injured and some 16 missing.
Kanmon

**Kanmon** [韩询; かんもん] is the first shrine or temple visit of the Kantonese New Year. It is customary to visit on the first day of the New Year (New Year's Day), in order to cleanse one's body and soul and develop goodwill with the spirits for the next twelve months ahead. Generally, visitors will buy a prophecy or 闲信 (*chōgami*) and accompanying good luck charm (闲守; *chōmita*) in order to see the predictions for the coming year of their life. Worship at temples is often brief, as most people prefer to pray privately within their own homes.

Some shrines and temples have millions of visitors over the three or four days of New Years' celebrations. Naitai Temple, for example, had 2.15 million visitors in 2003, and many others experienced similarly high numbers. Due to the sheer amount of people visiting these sacred sites, some temples may close temporarily just after New Year in order to thoroughly cleanse the building and rid it of any mixed or negative energy.

The last shrine or temple visit of the year is called *rōmon*, and usually occurs in the last week of December.
Kagenan

**Kagenan** [判洒; かげなん] is the smallest island in the Zōku archipelaego of Zōhai Prefecture. Most of the island's small surface area is covered by the city of Kage.

The central region of Kagenan was originally a number of smaller fishing villages which were merged into the city of Kage in 1955. As a result of this merger, many local industries and fishing ports were abandoned or fell into decline. The west coast of the island, once a thriving hub of commercial fishing and agriculture, has since become poverty-stricken and delapidated. Much of the infrastructure outside the city centre had to be completely renovated in 2017, following a typhoon which destroyed large swathes of Kage's outskirts.

Kagenan is connected to the larger island of Dainan by Atate Bridge. In order to get to Shinan, residents must take a ferry from Hachikage Harbour, the largest port on the island.
Shizurō Castle

**Shizurō Castle** [亲琅莽; しずろうがり] is a castle located in the northern ward of Shizurō, a city in Shinkō Prefecture. The castle was constructed in the 1170s by the great warlord and unifier Shin no Aruke. Although the original castle was small, with just two levels and seven rooms, it was extended considerably during the 16th century when it was owned by the *konbūshin* Shingata no Mako, who inhabited it with his family for over 40 years.

Unfortunately the original Shizurō Castle mostly fell into disrepair by the 1900s, but underwent considerable reconstruction and repair during the 1970s. In 1981, it was opened for visitation by the public, and a narrated tour of the buildings and grounds was introduced in 2003.

## History

After Shin no Aruke defeated Hami no Umemizu and his army of united clansmen at the Battle of Kiyamitsu in 1177, securing his control of the north-western territories, he turned his attention to the conquest of Meikai. He took control of Shizurō Castle once the Hami clan had been dispatched and their line eliminated. Once Aruke succeeded in securing control of Meikei by 1178, he transferred his seat to Meikai Castle, the renovation of which finished in 1187.

Shizurō Castle was abandoned until the 1500s, when it was acquired by the *konbūshin* Shingata no Mako, who was the military commander of the province at that time. After some renovation, it served as his family home for decades until the 1800s, when it fell out of the family and became the property of the government.
Hayama Waterfall

**Hayama** **Waterfall** (坤山の彩; はやまのふし) is a waterfall located on the southern face of Mount Hayama in the Ikumo Mountains. It is by far the highest waterfall in the range, descending more than three-quarters of the way down the summit of Hayama.

The waterfall has often been sited as the most well-known and popular mountain waterfall in north Kanton, mostly due to its impressive height and the shrine which sits nearby. The shrine itself was constructed 350 years ago, and is dedicated to Yamakami, the most powerful mountain deity. In wintertime, access to the shrine is prohibited due to safety risks; when ice and frost form on the rocks it becomes extremely hazardous. However, in summer the waterfall sees a large number of visitors. The area has been classified as a National Treasure by the Kantonese government.

In local legend, the Hayama Falls are said to be the birthplace of the benevolent spirit Mizunin, whose travels across ancient Kanton created all the springs and rivers in the land.
Saisawa

**Saisawa** [春澤; さいさわ] is a city located in eastern Ganyama Prefecture. As of 2020, it had roughly 64,000 residents, making it the third-largest city in the prefecture by population.

Saisawa is located on the eastern coast of Ganyama, looking out over Saisawa Harbour. Its area includes Mount Kanabi and its foothills, along with Lake Shibun and the Shimi and Mage Rivers in its southern ward. Only around three-quarters of Saisawa's total area is inhabited, and although it is a coastal settlement, a fishing industry never developed due to its location behind the Haō Mountains.

Saisawa's economy is based mostly on light manufacture and agriculture, although mining was also once a lucrative part of the local industry. Coal and iron mines were once commonly found in the city's eastern sector, however, only one mine remains open today and is largely inactive. Efforts to produce enewable energy in Saisawa have proved successful, with a large number of wind turbines standing in the city's northern ward.

## Local attractions

* Saihana Park
* Makodake Park
* Saisawa Central Park
* Kanshi Falls, a famous waterfall located on the slopes of Mount Kanabi
* Saisawa Ski Resort, a small but popular ski resort located on Mount Kanabi
* Saisawa Hakei or Saisawa Highland, a large plateau of forested land with rental cottages
Rōmon

**Rōmon** [亭询; ろうもん] is the last shrine or temple visit of the year. It usually occurs in the last week of December, around seven days before the first visit of the New Year, known as *kanmon*. This visit is generally considered much less significant than *kanmon* and places of worship observe much lower numbers of visitors.

Generally, *rōmon* entails a brief period of worship or prayer inside a temple or beside a shrine, often asking spirits to forgive any sins committed over the last twelve months. Repentance and promises of resolution are common. In some regions, children are encouraged to write letters of gratitude or apology to their older family members to make up for any bad behaviour, or simply to express appreciation for the hard work of their elders.
Mount Saichi

**Mount Saichi** [筌欠山; さいち・さん] is a minor mountain located in the Saichi Hills in central Ganyama Prefecture. It has an estimated elevation of around 712 metres.

Mount Saichi is extremely popular with amateur rock-climbers and hikers, as it offers easy yet interesting trails and plenty of rocky areas to explore.
Heibaku

**Heibaku** [澤吐昆; へいばく] is the world between Kumoshino [the celestial realm] and Tsukarai [the underworld] in the Kiren religion. It can be compared to the realm of Midgard in the Norse mythos, as it represents the plane of the living, nature and ecosystems: Earth. Heibaku was once used as an alternate name for Kanton during the Nittori period, although it often specifically referred to the great plains of the west.

Literally translated, heibaku means 'place/realm of the flat plains'. It was considered the middle section of the Yōijō, or Universal Tiers, which made up the different planes of existence in the Universe. Traditionally, Kiren belief states that Heibaku lies in the mid-tier, while Tsukarai is located below (literally, an underworld) and Kumoshino is located in the sky or clouds.
Aoma Bay

**Aoma Bay** [碧岩港; あおま・もん] is a bay located west of the city of Aoma, on the western coast of Aoma Prefecture in northern Kanton. It is known for being the location of Amewara Port.

### Amewara Port

The Amewara Port, also known as Great Aoma Port, is a port located outside the city of Aoma which is considered one of the major ports of northern Kanton. It serves Aoma, and is responsible for importing and exporting cargo along with the organisation of passenger travel to the Zōku islands and other parts of the northern coast.
Kitsuhara

**Kitsuhara** [**南們彭; きつはら**] is a city located in the southern-most point of Shinkō Prefecture. It has a population of around 90,000. Historically Kitsuhara was an important seaside settlement, having a significant role in communications between Shinkō Prefecture and Karunaki Prefecture along the --- Coast. It is a port town which has traditionally been often visited by sailors and traders. Kitsuhara Harbour was, and is still is to a certain degree, one of the prefecture's most significant harbours.

Kitsuhara was one of the first cities to be captured by the Shin during their conquest in the 12th century; it was strongly defended by the Fukui clan, who had ruled the region for centuries, during the Battle of Kitsuhara in 1158. Despite being a coastal town, Kitsuhara was not heavily involved with fishing. A small percent of the population, it seems, were fishermen and worked in boats off the --- Coast, but the majority of the residents were either farmers or tradespeople. Up until the 1800s, Kitsuhara was frequently visited by representatives from eastern prefectures, who passed into Shinkō through Kitsuhara Harbour. A typical port-town atmosphere is still associated with the city, and it is well-known for its pubs, gambling dens and long history with prostitution.

The Kitsuhara Lighthouse was built in 1704, making it the oldest lighthouse in the prefecture. Remarkably, the structure has never had to undergo serious repairs or reconstruction, and remains largely in its original state.

## Economy

Today, Kitsuhara is known for being a manufacturing hub, with many companies having established factories in the city. Kitsuhara's northern ward is a bedroom community for the larger city of Hisama. Very little of the once-thriving agricultural sector still exists.

## Geography

Kitsuhara is the southern-most city of Shinkō Prefecture, located on a small jutting peninsula known as the Keigan Peninsula. It is bordered by the city of Hisama, and the small town of Kiman.

## Local attractions

The Kitsuhara Lighthouse has an associated museum, the Kitsuhara Historical Museum, which explains the significance of the city over the centuries and why it has to come to represent what it does. Eki Beach is a popular destination for tourists who enjoy surfing, swimming or watersports.
Kojidame

**Kojidame** [泍仕召; こじだめ] is a city located in Shinkō Prefecture. As of 2020, it had a population of roughly 53,000.

Kojidame began as a small farming village under the governance of the Yamakusa clan, who also held control over a large portion of modern-day Saibun. It was historically famous for its hot springs [or *reijo*], which were mostly clustered around the central Kojidame Temple and were considered sacred and inappropriate for recreational use. However, by the 1600s Kojidame had opened its hot springs to the public in a bid to attract more visitors to the town, a campaign which proved successful. Along with its hot springs, Kojidame is well-known for its fireworks.

During the 1800s, Kojidame flourished into a rather picturesque and peaceful city, cited by a tourism pamphlet from 1853 as being one of the five most attractive cities in the prefecture.

## Economy

Kojidame has been a significant producers of gunpowder and fireworks for over 400 years, and is still considered a top producer nationally. Its economy is based largely on light manufacture, tourism, and agriculture, and many residents work in the larger neighbouring cities of Saibun and Meikai.

## Local attractions

* Kojidame Temple is a large and beautiful temple from the 1500s, located in the city's western ward. The hot springs around the temple have been diverted into the Kojidame Public Bathhouse, one of the few surviving bathhouses left in northern Kanton.
* Kojidame Castle, constructed in 1604 and used as a retreat by numerous important officials throughout the years, was recently opened to the public after having been donated to the prefectural government by its last owner.
* The Kojidame Fireworks Festival takes place every November in the city centre and lasts for five to seven days, often bringing upwards of 15,000 visitors to the city.
Girūku

**Girūku** [ぎるうく/ Sunpaku: ぎるうく] is a city located on Dainan, in Zōhai Prefecture. As of 2020, it had an estimated population of around 29,000.

Girūku flourished as a centre of commerce and trading from the 13th century and became a hub for the growing merchant class in the 1700s. The city is located on the eastern coast of Dainan, facing the shores of Aoma Prefecture, and was originally adjoined to the neighbouring city of Tatai before the two settlements were split in 1951. Much of the city's northern region is surrounded by hills, which are used to graze cattle.

The Girūku Market is a large flea market that is scattered over an area of several streets, though much of the land it is on is constantly relocated or bought for expansion of businesses. With the expansion of shopping/recreational businesses in the area, Girūku has become the most popular tourist destinations on the east coast. It is home to a large ferris wheel (which has become a sort of landmark), a small convention center, several shopping plazas, arcades, karaoke parlours, a 10-story hotel named 'Sandy Tower' and several beaches. Girūkushi Beach attracts many scuba divers and surfers.
Kojū

**Kojū** [三優; こじゅう] is a city located in northern Aoma Prefecture on the tip of the Fugan Peninsula. As of 2020, it had an estimated population of roughly 39,000.

Kojū is the location of a large military base, Kojū Air Base, which is under the operation of the Kanton Air Self-Defense Force. It is also an important base for signals intelligence and related activities. The estimated 6,000-7,000 military personnel and their dependents stationed at Kojū Air Base are not included in the city's population figures.

Kojū is located on the flatlands on the west-facing tip of Fugan Peninsula, most of the city being coastal. The nearest large settlement is Nanman, which is 30-40 minutes away by car. The surrounding area is mostly rural and scenic, with the Kojūmi Cliffs to the north of the city being a popular sightseeing spot. Thick sea fog often affects the city, especially in autumn.

Kojū serves as a regional industrial and commercial center, with agriculture and commercial fishing playing secondary roles in the local economy. The large military presence at Kojū Air Base also makes an impact on the city's economy.

Kojū is also known as being the birthplace of the great writer Monyama Ami [1935-1983], who was born in the city.

## Local attractions

* Kojūmi Cliffs
* Ami Monyama Museum
* The Kojū Pageant, during which a "Miss Kojū" is crowned
Shingan

**Shingan** [備衒; しんがん] is a city located in northern Shinkō Prefecture, on the middle portion of the Adari Peninsula. As of 2020, the city has a population of around 40,000.

Shingan was a castle town in the Nittori period, and part of an area contested between the Ibari clan and various local warlords, most of whom resided in the region of Ōman [modern-day Seidai/Danchō] and wished to expand northwards. Shingan became the site of numerous conflicts between these forces, although the Ibari were significantly stronger than the Ōman lords and kept a firm grip on the township until it was eventually conquered by the Shin in 1180. By 1231, Shingan was inhabited by one of Shinkō's most famed *konbūshin*, Motoyama Kadabi, who took residence in Shingan Castle and also renovated it.

By the 17th century, Shingan had absorbed some of the small townships which lined the nearby coasts of the peninsula. The city prospered as a center for trade and commerce, with ceramics and sericulture being significant industries. The region was also used as a training ground for the prefectural army, and had an entire district serving the military base.

## Economy

Shingan was traditionally noted for sericulture and the manufacture of ceramics. Currently, agriculture and light manufacturing dominate the local economy. Sanyami Glass Co., Ltd. is headquartered in Shingan.

## Geography

Shingan is located in the very flat and arable central plain of Adari Peninsula. It is surrounded by a number of other settlements.
Shōshin

**Shōshin** [耍備; しょうしん] is a term used to describe the male predecessors and counterparts of *seiryō* entertainers. They might be likened to Western jesters in their role within the Imperial courts of 9th- to 15th-century Kanton. Their lesser-known female counterparts were the *ninyori*, who were also involved in creating the building blocks for *seiryō* art.

Often acting as entertainers for *manza*, various court nobles and feudal lords, *shōshin* became popular court entertainers throughout the medieval period and were considered to be invaluable in lifting morale and lightening a heavy atmosphere. *Shōshin* both advised and performed for their lords and came to be known somewhat informally as *yoriban*, meaning 'dancing lad'. They also often worked as hosts and performers at parties and festivals. By the 1300s, they became known primarily as vocal performers, rarely hosting or organising gatherings, and instead focusing on story-telling, providing humour, and giving intelligent conversation. In the military, *shōshin* would act as morale boosters, and would accompany soldiers to the front lines to fight with them.

The *shōshin* were also famous for their dancing, elements of which were taken from regional folk culture. The costumes worn by *shōshin* during dance performances were known for their amusing outlandishness and flamboyancy. Long red or white ribbons on sticks would be twirled mesmerisingly, and acrobatics were often performed. Many *shōshin* were extremely physically fit and skilled gymnasts. *Yō-shōshin* were particularly known for their contortions.

Around the 16th century, Kanton's nobility entered a period of puritanism, and *shōshin* found less and less appreciation for their work in the Imperial court. Many moved away to the entertainment and red-light districts of the nation's major cities, where some became male prostitutes and others continued performing for the public. Large numbers of *shōshin* were able to find work under the managers of *meiri*, high-ranking female courtesans, and entered into contracts.

By the late 1600s the first female *shōshin* began to emerge and eventually became known by the name *seiryō* in the early 18th century. By the end of the 1700s the *seiryō* outnumbered *shōshin* to the point that the latter started to be called *ōseiryō*, or 'male *seiryō*'. The *seiryō* soon took over from the *shōshin* due to their contemporary look, their skills in entertainment and their sophistication. By the turn of the century, *shōshin* had transformed into *seiryō-ke*, servants of the *seiryō*, as they often helped them to dress, style their hair, and walk along the street without tripping in their tall sandals.

By the mid-1800s, the profession of *shōshin* which had existed for over 700 years in the Imperial courts of Kanton was taking its dying breath. Either working underground as sophisticated male prostitutes, or attending parties and events as the servants of *seiryō*, *shōshin* were no longer the respected performers they had once been.
Danchō

**Danchō** [団丁; だんちょう] is a city located in Shinkō Prefecture. It has an estimated population of 60,000.

The area around Danchō has been settled since prehistoric times, and is believed to have originally been part of modern-day Seidai. Throughout the late Chisō and Nittori periods, the area of Danchō was divided into small districts controlled by various small clans and warlords, and was the site of numerous battles over territory during this time. After the Battle of Kannan in 1175, Danchō came under the control of the Shin along with many other small settlements, and became separated from modern-day Seidai in the early 1200s. In 1319, Prince Ashiro no Shin built his famous summer palace in Danchō, named Ōmei Castle, which still stands today. It was one of the first palaces not built for defense in Shinkō Prefecture, and instead was intended to be an expensive and luxurious retreat.

## Economy

Danchō's economy is based strongly on agriculture and fishing. The city's coastal location also allows it to attract tourists during the summer, and there are various small beaches and coves along the nearby shores which are popular with visitors both international and domestic.

## Geography

Danchō is located along the north-eastern coast of Shinkō Prefecture.
Lake Futsūme

**Lake Futsūme** [先匆; ふつうめ] is a corrie lake located near the peak of Mount Taba in the Ikumo Mountains. The lake is thought to be one of the oldest in Kanton, having been created over 150,000 years ago.

Currently Lake Futsūme is used for hydroelectric and recreational purposes, with a number of sewage processing plants located around its perimeter. It is also a popular fishing spot, with bass and smelt fish being the most plentiful. Row boat rentals are also offered by private owners, and are popular activities for families and couples. Historically, Lake Futsūme's fresh water was often used to irrigate the farmlands and paddy fields of nearby settlements.

In 1998, the lake became widely known for being the setting of a pivotal scene in the famous thriller film *Where The Water's Deep*.
Kessa

**Kessa** [砂浅; けっさ] is a city located in northern Ganyama Prefecture. As of 2020, it had a population of around 12,000.

Kessa is located on a large, wide peninsula known as Kessa Point, which forms the eastern side of Nagidaki Bay. The city is built on a large plateau of land which is bordered by sandy beaches and cliffs lined with marram grass. In 2008 it was found to be one of the coldest cities in Kanton, with an average daily temperature of 10 degrees Celcius. Kessa is known for its production of seaweed, mostly a regional variety known as *kessa hasuda*.

Local attractions include Esukesai Beach, the Kessa Fishing Museum, and Shinbyō Temple, which is said to be at least eight hundred years old.