recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Vietnamese Civil Code

The **Vietnamese Civil Code** also known as the **Law of Vietnam** refers to the legal system in the Republic of Vietnam, which is a civil law legal system primarily based on legal codes and statutes, with case law also playing an important role. The most influential of the Vietnamese legal codes is the Napoleonic Civil Code, which inspired the civil codes of Europe and later across the world. The Constitution of Vietnam adopted in 1958 is the supreme law in Vietnam.

In academic terms, Vietnamese law follows the French system which can be divided into two main categories: private law (*Droit privé*) and public law (*droit public*). This differs from the traditional common law concepts in which the main distinction is between criminal law and civil law.

## General overview

### Vietnamese Civil Code

The Vietnamese Civil Code is heavily influenced by the French Napoleonic Code coupled with presidential decrees and announcements. Legislation, statutes, ordinances, and regulations are the primary source of law in the country. Case law in Vietnam is secondary and primarily used as supporting evidence rather than legal basis for argument.

Conceptually, civil law proceeds from abstractions, formulates general principles, and distinguishes substantive rules from procedural rules. It holds case law secondary and subordinate to statutory law. Civil law is often paired with the inquisitorial system, but the terms are not synonymous. There are key differences between a statute and a code. The most pronounced features of civil systems are their legal codes, with concise and broadly applicable texts that typically avoid factually specific scenarios. The short articles in a civil law code deal in generalities and stand in contrast with ordinary statutes, which are often very long and very detailed.

## Sources of Law

#### Legislative sources

Vietnamese legislative sources can be classified into five categories:

1. Constitutional laws
2. Presidential decrees
3. Treaties
4. National Assembly Acts
5. Government regulations

National Assembly Acts and governmental regulations make up the bulk of the legislative sources of law therefore in common practice, while Constitutional laws take precedence, statutes and regulations are often cited first in legal briefs to establish a basis.
Vietnamese Republic Wiki

**Welcome to the Vietnamese Republic Wiki!**
The Vietnamese Republic Wiki is an alternative history timeline, wherein the Vietnam War happens sooner as simply the Vietnamese Civil War. The South Vietnamese win, but instead of just unifying under a republican banner, the war in its final years has a dramatic effect on Vietnam, China, Southeast and East Asia in general, and the balance of power.
### **Major points of divergence:**

• Vietnamese Civil War happens almost concurrently with the Korean War, deviating U.S. direct involvement

• War ends in 1955, two years after the Korean ceasefire with a South Vietnamese victory and the Fall of the PRC

• Ngô Đình Diệm dies in 1963, but from a heart attack not an assassination

• 1972, U.S. President Robert F. Kennedy meets Chiang Kai-shek in Nanking, Republic of China

So, come and explore the what-if of the **Vietnamese Republic**.
## Important articles

Republic of VietnamNational Assembly of VietnamPresident of VietnamSupreme Court of VietnamRepublic of Vietnam Military ForcesJoint General StaffEconomy of VietnamBank of VietnamSaigon Stock ExchangeVietnam-United States relationsSEATOVietnamese Civil War
Vildieu Estate

## Vildieu Estate

**General information**

**Architectural style**
French Colonial, Italian Renaissance

**Address**
2 Hung Vuong, Ngoc Ha, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi

**Tenants**
The President, First Lady, and the First Family

**Construction started**
1900

**Completed**
1906

**Other details**

**Use**
Official retreat residence

**Design and construction**

**Architect**
Auguste Henri Vildieu
National Security Council

**Agency overview**

**Formed**
1 September 1957

**Preceding agency**
The Imperial Council (1914-1956)

**Headquarters**
Independence Palace

**Jurisdiction**
Vietnam

**Agency executives**
President of Vietnam, Chairman
National Security Advisor

**Parent agency**
Executive Office of the President

**Meeting place**

Situation Room, Independence Palace

The **Vietnamese National Security Council** (*Vietnamese: Hội đồng an ninh quốc gia* — HAQ) also just called the **National Security Council** is the principal forum used by the President of Vietnam for consideration of national security, military, and foreign policy matters. Based in the Independence Palace, and composed of senior national security advisors and Cabinet officials.

Since its inception in 1957 by President Ngô Đình Diệm—and based on the U.S. version—the function of the Council has been to advise and assist the president on national security and foreign policies. It also serves as the president's principal arm for coordinating these policies among various government agencies. The Council has subsequently played a key role in most major events in Vietnamese foreign policy, from the Cold War to the War on Terror.

## See also

National Security Advisor
Joint General Staff
Vietnamese Intelligence Community
Republic of Vietnam Special Forces
Foreign relations of Vietnam

Vietnam has formal diplomatic relations with a majority of nations. This includes most UN member and observer states other than Iran, North Korea and Syria, and the UN observer State of Palestine, the latter of which Vietnam does not recognise. Additionally, Vietnam has diplomatic relations with Kosovo—having been a part of the Kosovo War in 1998—and the European Union.

Vietnamese statutes relating to foreign relations can be found in Title 11 of the Vietnamese Civil Code.

## History

Most of Vietnam's foreign relations were established during the colonial era while a subject of France, once the Vietnamese Civil War ended in 1955 and a new republican government took over in 1957 most of those relations remained with the exception of Algeria, Turkey, and Malta. Formal relations with those nations didn't restart until 1967. At present, Vietnam has a diplomatic mission in 165 countries.

## Countries with visa services suspended

* Myanmar
* Russia

## Countries with no formal relations with Vietnam

* Mongolia
* North Korea
* Afghanistan
* Iran
* Iraq
* Syria
* Belize
* Cuba
* Guyana
* Suriname
* Cape Verde
* Comoros
* Guinea-Bissau
* South Sudan

## Further notes

1 While the Republic of Vietnam has formal relations with Republic of the Union of Myanmar because of ASEAN affiliation, the Republic does not recognise the military junta that governs the country as of 2021 and has suspended all foreign talks and visas

2 Under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs bylaws, the countries of Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles, Mauritius, São Tomé and Príncipe, Tuvalu, Nauru, Kiribati are consulate countries
CSM-35 Giao Lua

## CSM-35 Giao Lua

**Type**
Intercontinental ballistic missile

**Place of origin**
Vietnam

**Service history**

**In service**
1990

**Used by**
Republic of Vietnam

**Production history**

**Manufacturer**
Dynasty Defence Technologies

**Unit cost**
 ₫4,500,000 Vietnamese đồng

**Specifications**

**Mass**
33,000 kg (73,000 lb)

**Length**
17.55 m (57 ft 7 in)

**Diameter**
1.68 m (5 ft 6 in)

**Warhead**
B70 and B73

**Detonation mechanism**
Air-burst or contact (surface)

**Engine**
Three-stage solid-fuel rocket engines

**Propellant**
Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant

**Operational range**
12,070 km (7,500 mi)

**Flight ceiling**
700 mi (3,700,000 ft; 1,100 km)

**Maximum speed**
Mach 22 (16,746 mph)

**Guidance system**
CGS-37

**Accuracy**
304 m (1,000 ft) CEP

**Launch platform**
Mobile and silo-based
Orders, decorations, and medals of the Republic of Vietnam

The system of **Orders, decorations, and medals of the Republic of Vietnam** came into being with the establishment of the National Order of Vietnam in 1950. In subsequent years in Vietnam and the Vietnamese Overseas Territory, personal bravery, achievement, or service are rewarded with honours. The honours system consists of three types of awards:

* **Honours** are used to recognise merit in terms of achievement and service;
* **Decorations** tend to be used to recognise specific deeds;
* **Medals** are used to recognise service on a particular operation or in a specific theatre, long or valuable service, and good conduct.

Military honours and awards are typically conferred by the commanding officer, however, in some cases special military ceremonies are conducted by the president to confer an honour to an individual, unit, or division. Regardless of method, all military awards do come with a letter of commendation from the president as Commander-In-Chief.

Civilian honours and awards are usually announced in the *Saigon* *Trung Tam* newspaper and during the Honours' Announcements segment on VBS and personally given by the president.

## History

Established by Bảo Đại, the head of state of the State of Vietnam, the order was the highest award of the state for both civilians and military personnel. This level of precedence continued under the government of South Vietnam. Lower ranking awards for both the military and civilians were subsequently established. The systems of civilian and military awards had their own order of precedence.

## References

* https://www.identifymedals.com/database/medals-by-period/post-ww2-medals/the-national-order-of-vietnam/
Vietnamese Senate

## Vietnamese Senate

33rd National Assembly
Seal of the Senate
Flag of the Vietnamese Senate

**Type**

**Type**
 Upper house of the National Assembly of Vietnam

**Term limits**
None

**History**

**Started new session**
 3 March 2020

**Leadership**

**President of the Senate**
Bùi Bảo Giang (National Social Democratic Front)

**President pro tempore**
Thủy Vân Tiên (National Social Democratic Front)

**Majority Leader**
Phí Ðức Thọ (National Social Democratic Front)

**Minority Leader**
Lý Ngọc Hải (Socialist Party of Vietnam)

**Majority Whip**
Hoàng Thiên Mạnh (Personalist Labor Revolutionary Party)

**Minority Whip**
Nguyễn Quang Vũ (People's Action Party of Vietnam)

**Structure**

**Seats**
80 voting members
(41 for a majority)

**Political groups**
**Majority**• **National Social Democratic Front**: 26 seats
• **Personalist Labor Revolutionary Party**: 14 seats
• **Vietnamese Nationalist Party**: 7 seats

**Minority**• **Socialist Party of Vietnam**: 24 seats
• **People's Action Party of Vietnam**: 9 seats

**Other**• **Đại Việt National Socialist Party**: 0 seats
• **Vietnam Reform Revolutionary Party**: 0 seats

**Length of term**
6 years

**Elections**

**Voting system**
Mixed-member proportional representation (MMP)

**Last election**
6 January 2020 (50 percent)

**Next election**
2 January 2023 (50 percent)

**Meeting place**

Senate chamber of the National Assembly Building
Saigon, Vietnam
Republic of Vietnam national missile defense

The Republic of Vietnam utilises two systems for **national missile defence**, the Homeland system developed concurrently with its nuclear weapons system in the 1970s. Capable of shooting down intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and intermediate-range ballistic missiles (IRBMs) it was rather developed in the early 2000s into the Homeland system to include medium-range ballistic missiles (MRBMs) and short-range ballistic missiles (SRBMs) capability. For tactical ballistic missiles (TBMs) and other short- and medium-range theatre ballistic missiles, Vietnam deploys the Citadel system.

## History

After declining to sign the NPT to begin developing its nuclear weapons programme in earnest in 1970, the Ministry of Defence in a 1972 readiness report stated that Vietnam was woefully unprepared for any missile outside of 1000 metres. Thus, simultaneously developing its nuclear arsenal the Republic also began development on the first true missile defence system in Vietnamese history. By 1975, a prototype demonstrator system was created, dubbed the Homeland system. When Vietnamese scientists and engineers could not make the Homeland system a catch-all system even with U.S. and Israeli assistance; a second project done in conjunction with the U.S. Department of Defense was developed for tactical and theatre ballistics—Citadel.

Targeting and intercept tests for the Homeland system were conducted in 1976-77, and for Citadel from 1979-80. Live dummy intercept tests were conducted for both systems in 1982 in Nevada with the Homeland system able to intercept and destroy 93% of all long-range targets. The Citadel system fared slightly worst with only 90% of all targets intercepted and destroyed. However, the MoD deemed that acceptable and both systems were approved and finalised for service on 1 May 1984. The Homeland system was introduced on 30 April 1986 and Citadel introduced a month later.

Beginning in 2004, Vietnam deployed hundreds of Citadel systems, upgraded with advanced targeting and an improved kill rate of 94% to Israel while the now vaunted Iron Dome was in development. In 2009, the Homeland II interceptor units were debuted. these included longer rang capabilities and more advanced targeting and tracking systems.
Presidential Guards

The **Presidential Guards** are an elite special forces group tasked with protecting the President and First Family. All Presidential Guards are elite trained soldiers and bodyguards. The Presidential Guards originally were a division of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) tasked specifically with presidential protection. Since 1968, they've been an independent security force under the Ministry of the Interior.

The **General of the Presidential Guards** is the President's main bodyguard and always accompanies the President and is the President's last line of defence. The President travels in a perimeter of 10-12 Presidential Guard guards. The rest of the First Family are protected by 6-8 Presidential Guard guards.

## Qualifications

Presidential Guards candidates can come from one of the four Vietnamese military service branches or the TBV, however, upon acceptance into the Guards they are automatically reclassified into the ARVN. Candidates must be in top physical shape as defined by the **Royal Delta Rangers** handbook. Candidates must be between the ages of 21-35 and may serve until the age of 65 or until deemed not physically fit (NPF).

* Age 21-35
* Belong to one of the four Vietnamese military service branches or the TBV
* Deemed in top physical shape
* Must have scored in the top 2% in the following categories: marksmanship, physical fitness, threat evaluation

## Training

All selected Presidential Guards candidates undergo a comprehensive physical and mental evaluation. Successful candidates must then take the oath of office and spend six weeks training alongside the Vietnamese Special Forces with focus on firearms and threat evaluation. Upon successful completion of training, candidates spend four weeks training with the National Police focusing on situational threat exercises.

## Weapons

All Presidential Guards carry a full-size **NTDD 9mm QA Mk-II** handgun, the same weapon supplied to all RVNMF service branches.
Supreme Court Building

**Architectural style**
Modern

**Country**
Vietnam

**City**
Saigon

**Architect**
Trần Phượng Loan

**Completed**
1975

**Tenant**
Supreme Court of Vietnam

The **Supreme Court Building** houses the Supreme Court of Vietnam. Also referred to as "The Palace of Justice" apropos to the president's residence and office called the Independence Palace, the building serves as the official workplace of the chief justice of Vietnam and the eight associate justices of the Supreme Court. It is located at 75 Rue de l'Horizon in Northwest Saigon. The building is managed by the National Assembly Architect. On 14 August 2008, the Supreme Court Building was designated a National Historic Landmark.

Built in the modern style, the building's design was the product of student architect Trần Phượng Loan, 25-years-old at the time of its groundbreaking in 1972. While the building features glass, the panes are one-sided and bullet-proof. in 2005-06, the building underwent an 18-month renovation to modernise the building's communications, paint, and to install newer glass panels, and lighting. During the renovation, hearings for the Supreme Court took place in the old treasury building.

## Main chamber

The main chamber has undergone several renovations over the years. The lantern-style lights were added in 1990 with HD monitors and a complete digital renovation completed in early 2008.
Governor of the Bank of Vietnam

**Incumbent**
Lê Ngải

**Bank of Vietnam**

**Style**
Governor

**Member of**
Court of Directors
Economic Policy Committee

**Reports to**
National Assembly of Vietnam

**Seat**
Bank of Vietnam Building
 Dalat, Vietnam

**Appointer**
Prime Minister with advice and consent of the Senate

**Term length**
Five years (renewable)

**Formation**
1955

**First holder**
Nguyễn Tiến Hiệp

**Deputy**
Lieutenant Governor of Bank of Vietnam

**Salary**
Executive Schedule I

**Bank of Vietnam Building**

The **governor of the Bank of Vietnam** is the most senior position in the Bank of Vietnam. It is nominally a civil service post, but the appointment tends to be from within the bank, with the incumbent grooming their successor. The governor of the Bank of Vietnam is also chairman of the Economic Policy Committee, with a major role in guiding national economic and monetary policy, and is therefore one of the most important public officials in Vietnam.

According to the original charter of August July 1957 the bank's affairs would be supervised by a governor, a deputy governor, and up to 24 directors. In its current incarnation, the bank's Court of Directors has nine (or up to 14) members, of whom five are various designated executives of the bank.

The original plan was to have a director oversee the bank's then 24 service banks however in 1985, the Economic Reorganisation and Monetary Budget Act reshuffled the Court of Directors to include one overseeing an administrative region rather than the individual bank.
VISTA

## Vietnam Space Technology Agency (VISTA)

Cơ quan Công nghệ Vũ trụ Việt Nam

**Agency Overview**

**Abbreviation**
VISTA

**Founded**
1966

**Jurisdiction**
Vietnam

**Headquarters**
VISTA Building

**Director**
Bùi Tấn Thành

**Deputy Director**
Hoàng Kim Hòa

**Primary spaceports**
Phu Quoc Island
Air Base Dien Bien Phu
Air Base Buon Ma Thuot

**Employees**
10,776

**Annual budget**
₫11.8 billion

**Headquarters**

**VISTA Building**

The **Vietnam Space Technology Agency** **(VISTA)** (*Cơ quan Công nghệ Vũ trụ Việt Nam*) is Vietnam's national aerospace and space agency. VISTA is responsible for research, development, and launch of satellites, exploration probes and manned missions to the ISS in coordination with Japan's JAXA and Europe's European Space Agency launch pads, and is involved in many more advanced missions such as asteroid exploration and possible human exploration of Mars.

## Headquarters

VISTA is headquartered in Saigon at 54 Ly Avenue since June 2020. The complex is an expansive and state-of-the-art research and development campus just north of the capital and Independence Palace.

VISTA was formerly headquartered at the Technology and Culture Ministry building (1966-2020).

## Budget

VISTA's budget since the launch of the Creation Project has averaged ₫5.3 billion. For FY2019, the agency's budget was increased ₫11.8 billion due to increased cost for the development of the Nicholas satellite (VISTA-37) and the start of the LLQ project.

## International partnerships

Vietnam has been a participant in the International Space Station's (ISS) development since 2003. Since 2003, 15 Vietnamese astronauts have visited the ISS aboard NASA and ESA missions.

## Project L**ạ**c Long Quân

In his 2019 State of the Republic speech, President Nguyễn Phú Trọng invoked US President Kennedy's 1962 sentiment of going to the Moon by urging Vietnam to aim for human exploration of Mars within the decade. In VISTA's 2020 budget, ₫5.3 billion was set aside for Project Nike—Vietnam's initial foray into domestic manned space flight—with the LLQ One rocket's development.

### Heritage Station

Beginning in 2020, Vietnam officially became a joint partner on the RoC's permanent space station, the Heritage Station.

## Launch site and satellites

In 1994, the north end of Phu Quoc Island was selected as VISTA's main launch site, in 1997, with help from the US Air Force and NASA, VISTA retrofitted Air Base Dien Bien Phu and Air Base Buon Ma Thuot into launch sites. VISTA has successfully built and launched into orbit 37 known satellites. A majority are weather, telecommunication, and GPS satellites. The latest satellite launched VISTA-37 *Nicholas* was launched into orbit from the Phu Quoc launch site on Phu Quoc Island in the Gulf of Thailand on 13 November 2019.

### List of launch sites

* Phu Quoc Island
* Air Base Dien Bien Phu
* Air Base Buon Ma Thuot
Ministry of Education and Culture

**Agency overview**

**Formed**
15 January 1957

**Preceding agency**
The Imperial Council (1914-1956)

**Headquarters**

**Jurisdiction**
Vietnam

**Agency executives**
Phạm Hữu Hà, Minister of Education and Culture

**Parent agency**
Cabinet of Vietnam

**Meeting place**

## Sub-agencies and departments

* National Accreditation Review Office — Handles accreditation of all public universities in the nation
* Historic Landmarks Registry Office
* Sports and Gaming Commission
* National Science Research Laboratory
* National Innovation Centre
* Office of the Inspector General
Culture of Vietnam

The **culture of Vietnam** refers to the diverse traditions, customs, arts, and values that were prevalent in the region prior to the Vietnam Civil War. During the war, South Vietnam, officially known as the State of Vietnam, was a sovereign state in Southeast Asia from 1950 to 1955. Despite the country's early tumultuous history, Vietnam has a rich cultural heritage that encompassed various aspects of daily life, including art, cuisine, religion, festivals, and traditional practices.

## Arts

Vietnam has a vibrant art scene that encompassed various forms such as painting, sculpture, music, and dance. Traditional Vietnamese art styles, heavily influenced by Chinese and Southeast Asian aesthetics, flourish in Vietnam. Artists express their creativity through intricate brushwork, vibrant colors, and themes inspired by nature, history, and folklore. Literature, including poetry and novels, also played a significant role in Vietnamese culture, reflecting the aspirations, struggles, and experiences of the people.

## Religion

Vietnam is a diverse religious landscape, with Buddhism, Catholicism, and Cao Dai being the predominant religions. Buddhism, deeply rooted in Vietnamese culture, encompassed various schools and practices. Catholicism, introduced during the French colonial period, has a significant following, particularly among the Vietnamese diaspora. Cao Dai, a syncretic religion that emerged in the early 20th century, blended elements of various faiths and emphasized moral values, ethics, and community.

## Cuisine

Vietnamese cuisine was renowned for its distinctive flavors, freshness, and regional specialties. Influenced by the fertile Mekong Delta and coastal areas, the cuisine featured a variety of ingredients, including rice, fish, seafood, herbs, and vegetables. Popular dishes included pho (noodle soup), banh mi (sandwiches), goi cuon (fresh spring rolls), and various rice and noodle-based dishes. The culinary traditions of South Vietnam showcased a balance of flavors, textures, and ingredients, reflecting the country's agricultural abundance and culinary creativity.

## Festivals and Celebrations

Vietnam has a rich tapestry of traditional festivals and celebrations that highlighted the cultural, historical, and religious heritage of the region. These included Tet Nguyen Dan (Lunar New Year), the most important holiday in Vietnam, which brought families together to celebrate and honor ancestors. Other festivals included Mid-Autumn Festival (Tet Trung Thu), Hue Festival, and various regional events showcasing local traditions, music, dance, and crafts.

## Traditional Practices and Customs

Vietnamese society is marked by various traditional practices and customs that shaped daily life. These included ancestor worship, respect for elders, communal values, and hospitality. Traditional clothing, such as the ao dai for women and the ao ba ba for men, represented the cultural identity and elegance of the Vietnamese people. Folklore and oral traditions played a vital role in passing down historical and moral lessons, with stories, proverbs, and songs reflecting the wisdom and cultural heritage of the region.
Judiciary in Vietnam

The **judiciary in Vietnam** are the separate judiciaries of the four-tiered legal system in Vietnam. The judges of the Supreme Court of Vietnam, and the nine Appellate High Courts have jurisdiction over all the lower courts. The judges of the 63 State Courts act as the upholder of the Civil Code and National Assembly Acts at a state level. Local courts judges handle the criminal and civil proceedings.

The source of law in Vietnam is both the Constitution and National Assembly Acts. Interpretation is based on Civil law. There are special courts as well, including the Military Tribunal Court and Appellate Court Martial Court handling all civil and criminal matter for military personnel using a specialized version of the Military Code of Justice.

## Also see

Vietnamese Civil Code
National Assembly Acts
SEATO

## Southeast Asia Treaty Organization

Flag of SEATO

Map of countries in the NATO-SEATO Alliance

**Abbreviation**
SEATO

**Formation**
8 September 1954

**Type**
Intergovernmental military alliance

**Headquarters**
Bangkok, Thailand

**Membership**
 Australia
 Bangladesh
 Cambodia
 China (Republic of)
 France
 New Zealand
 Pakistan
 Philippines
 Thailand
 United States
 Vietnam

***Observers:***
 Japan
 South Korea

**Official language**
 English, French, Mandarin

**Secretary-General**
 Lewis Cameron

**Chair of the SEATO Military Committee**
 Gen. Zhen Liang (ROCA)

**Supreme Allied Commander Asia**
 Gen. Huỳnh Nhật Minh (ARVN)

**Expenses**
 $395,750,000

The **Southeast Asia Treaty Organization** (**SEATO**) is an international organization for collective defense in Southeast Asia created by the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty, or **Manila Pact**, signed in September 1954 in Manila, the Philippines. The formal institution of SEATO was established on 19 February 1955 at a meeting of treaty partners in Bangkok, Thailand. The organization's headquarters was also in Bangkok. Eight members joined the organization.

Primarily created to block further communist gains in Southeast Asia, SEATO was initially considered a failure because internal conflict and dispute hindered general use of the SEATO military; however, after the Vietnamese Civil War which ended with republican victories in both Vietnam and China, it has since the mid-1960s been a key component of Western-allied military affairs. Curbing both Russian and North Korean aggression. It has since 1975, aided NATO in expanding its AOR and influence, leading to what many military experts have called the "super military" with the NATO-SEATO Alliance.

## Membership

The eight original members of SEATO were: Australia, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. However, after the end of the Vietnamese Civil War it was expanded to include, Vietnam and the Republic of China. Bangladesh joined the alliance in 1976, and Cambodia in 1996 after the restoration of its monarchy into a constitutional monarchy. The United Kingdom withdrew from SEATO involvement in 2001 citing 'lack of logistical support'.

### Observers

Since 1998, both Japan and South Korea have sought entry into the alliance, but while the countries meet SEATO requirements, existing members do not want to run the risk of a retaliatory nuclear strike by North Korea given its history with both countries. They have instead been granted Observer status, which in principle promises mutual defense monitoring from the alliance.

## Structure

SEATO's structure is similar to that of its sister organisation in Europe—NATO, with two distinct differences. the Supreme Allied Commander Asia (SACA) has at his disposal a round the clock ND Force or nuclear deterrence force without explicit authorisation from the South East Council. And wherein NATO conducts decisions as one body, SEATO may, but not always ask for NATO input on a potential decision with direct intervention possible with the Secretary General of NATO co-chairing Joint Council meetings.
Vietnamese Premier League

## Vietnamese Premier League

**Organising body**
Vietnamese Football Association

**Founded**
3 Aug 1960 (62 years ago)

**Country**
Vietnam

**Confederation**
AFC

**Number of teams**
12

**Level on pyramid**
1

**Relegation to**
V. League 2

**Domestic cup(s)**
President's Cup

**International cup(s)**
AFC Champions League
AFC Cup

**Current champions**
Haiphong FC (6th title)

**Most championships**
HG Saigon (21 titles)

**Most appearances**
Nguyễn Chấn Hưng (564)

**Top goalscorer**
Lý Tấn Khang (323)

**Domestic TV partners**
VSport1
VSN
DBC2

## Clubs

a Founding member of the VPL; b Never been relegated
Vietnamese House of Representatives

## Vietnamese House of Representatives

33rd National Assembly
Seal of the House of Representatives
Flag of the Vietnamese House of Representatives

**Type**

**Type**
 Lower house of the National Assembly of Vietnam

**Term limits**
None

**History**

**Started new session**
 3 March 2020

**Leadership**

**Speaker**
Nguyễn Trọng Việt (National Social Democratic Front)

**Majority Leader**
Huỳnh Hạ Tiên (National Social Democratic Front)

**Minority Leader**
Vũ Trinh Vân (Socialist Party of Vietnam)

**Majority Whip**
Nguyễn Nhật Minh (Personalist Labor Revolutionary Party)

**Minority Whip**
Lý Phi Cường (People's Action Party of Vietnam)

**Clerk**
Trần Ðinh Hương

**Structure**

**Seats**
500 voting members
(255 for a majority)

**Political groups**
**Majority**• **National Social Democratic Front**: 154 seats
• **Personalist Labor Revolutionary Party**: 93 seats
• **Vietnamese Nationalist Party**: 50 seats

**Minority**• **Socialist Party of Vietnam**: 143 seats
• **People's Action Party of Vietnam**: 60 seats

**Other**• **Đại Việt National Socialist Party**: 0 seats
• **Vietnam Reform Revolutionary Party**: 0 seats

**Length of term**
2 years

**Elections**

**Voting system**
Mixed-member proportional representation (MMP)

**Last election**
3 January 2022

**Next election**
2 January 2024

**Meeting place**

Main chamber of the National Assembly Building
Saigon, Vietnam
National Defence Building

**Architectural style**
Modern

**Country**
Vietnam

**City**
Saigon

**Architect**
Võ Dũng Hải

**Completed**
2009

**Tenant(s)**
Ministry of Defence
Joint General Staff
Branch Commanders of the Republic of Vietnam Military Forces

The **National Defence Building** is the headquarters building of the Vietnamese Ministry of Defence. It was constructed between 1999-2009, as a technological upgrade from the former defence building which housed the Ministry from 1957-2009.

Located in Ben Thanh, Saigon on the former site of Saigon Municipal Stadium, the building was designed by Vietnamese architect Võ Dũng Hải and built by Vietnamese contractor GLS. Ground was broken on 16 September 1999, and the building was dedicated on 15 January 2009. It is completely self-sustainable with solar, wind, and hydro generators in case of blackouts. The multi-story building is one of the most secure locations in the country apart from the Independence Palace, the residence of the President of Vietnam.
Joint General Staff

JGS

Joint General Staff Identification Badge

**Role**
Advisory board providing professional military advice to the Minister of Defence and the President

**Established in practice**
1948

**Constituting instrument**
Constitution of Vietnam

**Predecessor entities**
War Generals Council

**Members**

**President**
Nguyễn Thái Bình

**Chief**
General Doãn Trọng Nghĩa (RVNM)

**Vice-Chairman**
General Triệu Minh Khánh (RVNAF)

**Number of Members**
Seven (Eight, including the President as Commander-in-chief)

**Administration**

**Parent agency**
Ministry of Defence

**Staff organization**
United Staff

**Seat**
National Defence Building

The **Joint General Staff (JGS)** is the body of the most senior uniformed leaders within the Republic of Vietnam Military Forces, that advises the President of Vietnam, the Minister of Defence, the Defence Staff Committee and the National Security Council on military matters. The composition of the Joint General Staff is defined by statute and consists of a chief (CJGS), a vice chief (VCJGS), the service chiefs of the Army, Marines, Navy, and Air Force. Each of the individual service chiefs, outside their JGS obligations, work directly under the secretaries of their respective military departments, e.g. the secretaries of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and the Marine Corps.

On 26 June 2022, Admiral Bịnh reshuffled the JGS after General Nam of the Republic of Vietnam Marines was put on administrative leave due to his overreach of the VSF and General Linh—then serving as Vice Chief—of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam, retired. Admiral Bịnh took over as Commander of the Republic of Vietnam Special Forces and so at an eleventh hour ceremony, President Nguyễn Thái Bình appointed General Doãn Trọng Nghĩa of the Republic of Vietnam Marines as the 17th Chief and General Triệu Minh Khánh of the Republic of Vietnam Air Force as the new Vice Chief.

## History

Established as a formal body in 1948, it was known from its inception until the end of the Vietnamese Civil War as the War Generals Council. After the establishment of the republic with the war referendum and the founding of the Republic of Vietnam in 1957, the War Generals Council was renamed and its internal workings were remodeled to more closely resemble that of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff.

In 1965, General Cao Văn Viên of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) began a nearly decade long tenure as Chief of the Joint General Staff. During his tenure, he established several precedents that made the JGS unique to the American system. Chiefly, he freely reassigned Chiefs of Staff to more pressing leadership positions and allowed them to come come back to their positions creating a flowing line of precedence. And he allowed open discussion during operations among the staff.

## Also see

List of Chiefs of the Joint General Staff
Ministry of Transportation

**Agency overview**

**Formed**
1 September 1971

**Preceding agency**
The Imperial Council (1914-1956)

**Headquarters**

**Jurisdiction**
Vietnam

**Agency executives**
Võ Tiên, Minister of Transportation

**Parent agency**
Cabinet of Vietnam

**Meeting place**

## Sub-agencies and departments

* National Motor Licensing Department — Issues and revokes all licenses for passenger vehicles, lorries, and piloting
* National Travel Safety Department — Investigates all major travel incidents within Vietnamese borders, similar to the United States' NTSB and FAA
* Interstate Management Office — Maintains the Vietnamese Interstate Road System
* Public Transit Management Authority — Regulates the various provincial public transit systems
* Office of the Inspector General
Ministry of Public Works and Communications

**Agency overview**

**Formed**
17 June 1970

**Preceding agency**
The Imperial Council (1914-1956)

**Headquarters**

**Jurisdiction**
Vietnam

**Agency executives**
Nguyễn Thị Bảo, Minister of Public Works and Communcations

**Parent agency**
Cabinet of Vietnam

**Meeting place**

## Sub-agencies and departments

* National Elections Commission — Oversees and regulates elections at all levels of government: local, provincial, national
* National Housing Agency — The public housing authority of Vietnam
* Environment Conservation Commission — Reports on the environmental impact of Vietnamese industry; regulates the conservation of flora and fauna of Vietnam
* Office of the Inspector General
Heritage Station

## Heritage Station

**Station Statistics**

**Call sign**
Bravo

**Crew**
6

**Launch**
05 Nov 2020

**Launch pad**
Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site LC-1
Phu Quoc Island LA-2

**Mass**
100,000 kg

**Length**
55.6 m

**Width**
39.0 m

**Status**
Operational

**Pressurised volume**
340 m3 (12,000 cu ft)
Habitable: 122 m3 (4,310 cu ft)

**Perigee altitude**
386.4 km

**Apogee altitude**
391.8 km

**Orbital inclination**
41.47°

**Orbital speed**
7.67 km/s

**Orbital period**
92.3 minutes

**Orbits per day**
15.49

**Orbit epoch**
22 April 2022

**Days in orbit**
 951 days

**Days occupied**
731 days
Ministry of the Interior

**Agency overview**

**Formed**
26 October 1955

**Preceding agency**
The Imperial Council (1914-1956)

**Headquarters**

**Jurisdiction**
Vietnam

**Agency executives**
Tran Thuần Thu, Minister of the Interior

**Parent agency**
Cabinet of Vietnam

**Meeting place**

## Sub-agencies and departments

* Immigration and Customs Service — Oversees immigration and customs border security
* Homeland Disaster Relief Department — Functions similarly to the United States' Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
* Civil Service Authority — Manages the various governmental staffs for all three branches of government
* National Police
* Corrections and Rehabilitation Bureau — Oversees the nation's prison system
* Office of the Inspector General
* Presidential Guards
G8

## Group of Eight

The G8 states (in blue) and the European Union (in teal)

Member states and key leaders:

---** **Canada** Prime Minister Justin Trudeau
 **France** President Emmanuel Macron
 **Germany**  Chancellor Olaf Scholz
 **Italy** Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni
 **Japan**  Prime Minister Fumio Kishida
 **United Kingdom**  Prime Minister Rishi Sunak
 **United States**  President Hillary Clinton
 **Vietnam**  President Nguyễn Thái Bình
 **European Union** Council President Charles Michel
Commission President Ursula von der Leyen

**Abbreviation**
G8

**Predecessor**
Library Group, Group of Six

**Formation**
5 March 1973(50 years ago) ("Library Group")
1st G6 summit: 15 November 1975 (47 years ago)

**Founder**
"Library Group":
United States George Shultz
West Germany Helmut Schmidt (also 1st G6 summit)
France Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (also 1st G6 summit)
United Kingdom Anthony Barber
United States (Richard Nixon)
West Germany (Willy Brandt)
France (Georges Pompidou)
United Kingdom (Edward Heath)

1st G6 summit:
United States Gerald Ford
United Kingdom Harold Wilson
Italy Aldo Moro
Japan Takeo Miki

**Founded at**
Washington, D.C. ("Library Group")
Rambouillet (1st G6 summit)

**Type**
Informal club

**Purpose**
Political, Economic

**Fields**
International politics

**Membership**
8 (and the EU)

**Funding**
Member states

**Formerly called**
Library Group
Group of Six
Air Vietnam

**Air Vietnam** is Vietnam's national public flag carrier. Its hub is Tan Son Nhat International Airport and flies to 49 countries including daily one-stop service from Saigon to Paris, London, Berlin, Los Angeles, San Francisco, New York, Sydney, and Auckland and non-stop service from Saigon to Tokyo, Kyoto, Beijing, Shanghai, Hanoi, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Manila, Mumbai, Bangkok, and New Delhi.

Consistently ranked among the top airlines in terms of service, value, and professionalism, Air Vietnam is in direct but friendly competition with Singapore Airlines as the preeminent Asian airline. Air Vietnam pilots receive the same rigorous flight training as RVAF pilots. It is nicknamed 'Dragon Air' due to its distinct dragon livery.

## History

Founded in 1952 as a freight airline, by a group of Vietnamese businessmen in Huế as Air Freight Vietnam. Air Vietnam served as a military freight transport for the South Vietnamese during the Civil War. In 1959, it rebranded as simply Air Vietnam and began passenger service with flights to Thailand, Japan, and the Philippines.

In 1962, Nguyễn Trường Long serving as President and CEO of Dynasty Corporation, bought controlling stake in Air Vietnam for ₫4 million (₫34,263,200.00 adjusted). In 1969, he bought out the rest of the shareholders, merging Air Vietnam into the Dynasty Corporation's list of wholly-owned subsidiaries.

## Corporate Affairs

### Operations

Air Vietnam is the largest airline based in Vietnam in terms of fleet size, international flights, and international destinations and passenger numbers. The airline carried 45.6 million passengers in 2018. Air Vietnam holds a Vietnamese Civil Aviation Authority Type A1 Operating Licence, it is permitted to carry passengers, cargo, and mail on aircraft with 25 or more seats.

The AVN Building in Saigon's business district is the head office building of Air Vietnam and its subsidiary, Lotus Vietnam Airlines. It also has regional offices in Huế and Hanoi.

Air Vietnam's main base is Tan Son Nhat International Airport in Saigon, but it also has a major presence at Noi Bai International Airport in Hanoi—Vietnam's other major international airport. It also has a base at Phu Bai International Airport, where its subsidiary Lotus Vietnam Airlines is the largest operator.

### Subsidiaries and shareholdings

In 2008, Air Vietnam's Board of Director's bought struggling VJet and Mekong Airways, merging the two and forming Lotus Vietnam Airlines, a low-budget, regional carrier.

## Marketing

### Loyalty program

Royal Dragon Rewards is Air Vietnam's frequent flyer and loyalty program. The tiered level loyalty program is split into Platinum, Gold, and Silver levels. Platinum members are invite-only. Gold members may gain access through the redemption of 100,000 miles, Silver level membership is available with the redemption of 50,000 miles.

## Gallery

1970s Air Vietnam livery; now used for Air Vietnam CargoLotus Vietnam Airlines livery
Tour of Vietnam

**Race details**

**Date**
February

**Region**
Vietnam

**Local name**
Giải đua xe đạp xuyên Việt (Vietnamese)

**Nickname(s)**
Tour of Old France, ToV, Trek through the Land of Dragons

**Discipline**
Road

**Competition**
UCI World Tour

**Type**
Stage race (Grand Tour)

**Organiser**
Vietnam Cycling Federation

**Race director**
Lý Gia Khánh

**History**

**First edition**
1968

**Editions**
54

**First winner**
 François D’Haene

**Most wins**
 Dominique Rousselle
 Nguyễn Thanh Thuận
 Liễu Việt Anh
(5 times)

**Most recent**
 Hồ Tân Thành

## Stages

### General route

Beginning in Haiphong, the Tour heads west toward Hanoi before heading northeast toward Thai Nguyen, before heading northwest toward Bac Ha, Lao Cai, and the terraced fields in Sa Pa. Then down through the mountains of Lai Chau over to Dien Bien Phu. From there it is over to the town of Hoa Binh before heading toward the coast for the ride down the spine of Vietnam; with stops in Quang Tri, the former Imperial capital of Hue, Da Nang, and Quang Ngai. From Quang Ngai, the rider head southwest into the hills of Kontum and Pleiku. From there the riders, head east toward the coast again to Quy Nhon head south down to Nha Trang before head west again to Buon Ma Thuot, and down through Dalat and west toward Cam Ranh. From Cam Ranh the route heads southwest toward Bien Hoa and then Tay Ninh. Once in Tay Ninh, the route follows a route along the Vietnam-Cambodia border and a circuit around the Mekong Delta before ending in Saigon at the Independence Palace.
Ministries of State

In Vietnam the **Ministries of State** make up the first-level executive bodies of the Cabinet. Within each ministry, a secondary level is called a department and tertiary level is called an office, the exception being the Office of the Prime Minister which is a prime executive organ of the government.

The 11 ministries and including the Executive Office of the President, are currently divided up into 65 departments, and further still 110 offices.
Ministry of Energy

## Ministry of Energy

**Agency overview**

**Formed**
10 May 1978

**Preceding agency**
The Imperial Council (1914-1956)

**Headquarters**

**Jurisdiction**
Vietnam

**Agency executives**
Nguyễn Hà Phúc, Minister of Energy

**Parent agency**
Cabinet of Vietnam

**Meeting place**

## Sub-agencies and departments

* Nuclear Safety Management Commission
* National Power Grid Authority
* Natural Resources Service
* Office of the Inspector General
Politics of Vietnam

## Political parties

By law, a major political party has over 25,000 registered members, smaller political parties have 10,000 or less. There is no limit to the amount of political parties in Vietnam, however to run for office a political party must obtain 100,000 unique signatures and be sponsored by at least three members of the House of Lords. At present, there six major parties in Vietnam capable of holding office. There are an additional three who have found occasional moderate success in obtaining at least one seat in the House of Commons.

### The Socialist Party

Until 1992, the Socialist Party was forbidden to assemble in Vietnam in accordance to the conditions in the Treaty of Saigon (1955), but the landmark Supreme Court case *Bùi v. Vietnam* (1991) reversed the condition on the grounds that it violated the Right to Assemble in the 1957 Constitution. In the 1995 parliamentary elections, the Socialist Party of Vietnam won one seat in Parliament, the Phong Thổ seat in the Lai Châu province, a largely rural area in northwest Vietnam.

## Political sway and affiliations

Because Vietnam uses a proportional representation system for its legislature because of the numerous parties, there as always been a coalition government with the highest party vote receiver usually taking the speakership in the House of Representatives. Because senators also selected through proportional representation but usually only a third of the Senate of Vietnam is up for re-election every two years and the Senate has final approval over the president's nominations, its contests are closely watch by the Executive branch due the minimum threshold needed to earn a seat (seven percent) which means if the president's party or coalition party fails it could drastically hinder the executive agenda.

Historically, due to the coalition nature of the National Assembly's makeup, certain parties have de facto agreements to caucus with one another as shown in the table below.

## Notes

1 Banned from Vietnamese politics until 1995
Plan Your Own Party Kit

The Plan Your Own Party Kit is an object that appears in Party Pooper Pants.

SpongeBob SquarePants next to it.

## Appearance in episode

SpongeBob finds it and decides to throw a party using the kit. Despite the kit advising to invite "only your closest friends," SpongeBob invites nearly everyone in Bikini Bottom. SpongeBob wants the party to go exactly according to plan, so he decides to make sure things go in order. He makes a brutally specific schedule for different activities (including when the guests arrive) and cards for people to use for conversations.