Vietnamese Civil War

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## Background

After World War II, fearing a civil uprising in Asia after the War, France broke up Indochina, granting Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia independence. Vietnam was granted independence in 1947. As the Vietnamese celebrate their independence for the first time in almost a century, Nationalist forces under the control of anti-royalist revolutionary Ho Chi Minh emboldened by aid from communist powers China and the Soviet Union, invaded the south-central town of Quang Tri in Nov 1949, starting the Vietnamese Civil War.

The emperor at the time, Bao Dai, pushed back the Nationalist forces out of Quang Tri in Jan 1950, establishing the borderline between the pro-West, democratic South and the communist, nationalist North. The western powers commended Bao Dai for pushing back the communist forces and in return sent supplies and monetary aid to the South Vietnamese starting in 1951. This allowed the South Vietnamese forces to overrun the North Vietnamese into retreating out of the High Central region by Christmas 1952. However, communist reinforcements helped the North Vietnamese in reestablishing control from 1953-54.

## Western Involvement

### The Bao Dai Solution

 Principal participants |  South Vietnam •  United States •  SEATO

 1955 | Southern bombing raid • Operation Downfall • Treaty of Saigon • Bao Dai Solution