Sample 2022 PCE Civil

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### **Civil**

#### *Objective*

1. Slope failures are a movement of soil and rock under the influence of gravity depending on the material involved, the mode and speed of movement generally divided by three (3) major classes; slides, falls and flows. Which of the statement below is FALSE?
	* A. When a flow occurs, material normally become desegregated.
	* B. Slide are often translation or rotational in nature.
	* C. Flows are landslides that involve movement of material down a slope in the form of fluid.
	* D. Debris flows are fast-moving landslides that are particularly dangerous to life and property
	* E. Falls are not common in cliff along coastal regions.
2. The max dry density (Yd) of soil A is 17kN/m3 and this soil will be used to backfill and embankment. After compaction is done at site, the moisture content (Wn) of this soil is 20%. If the degree of compaction shall be at least 90%, what shall be the minimum unit weight (Y) of this soil at site?
	* A. 15.3 kN/m3
	* B. 18.9 kN/m3
	* C. 18.4 kN/m3
	* D. 20.4 kN/m3
	* E.14.1 kN/m3
3. A Reinforced Concrete Pile was installed using a pile driving hammer of 5 tonnes, with the height drop of 300mm. The set value for the pile is 25mm / 10 blows. The efficiency of the pile driving hammer is 90%. However, during the piling works, the machine broke down and will be replaced a pile driving hammer of 3 tonnes with efficiency of 75%. What will be the revised drop height if we need to maintain the set va
	* A. 500mm
	* B. 450mm
	* C. 600mm
	* D. 650mm
	* E. 300mm
4. Which statement on soil compaction is FALSE?
	* A. Compaction is the application of energy to soil to reduce void ratio.
	* B. Compaction increases soil strength.
	* C. Compaction reduce consolidation settlement under working load.
	* D. Compaction reduce soil permeability.
	* E. Compaction increase bearing capacity of soil.
5. Which soil parameter can be obtained from lab oedometer test?
	* I. Preconsolidation pressure.
	* II. Undrained shear strength
	* III. Undrained shear strength
	* IV. coefficient of consolidation
	* V. Effective friction angle.
		+ A. I, III, IV and V
		+ B. I, II, III, and IV
		+ C. II and IV
		+ D. I, III and IV
		+ E. III, IV and V
6. Which statement is false for peat and organic soil?
	* A. peat contain more than 75% organic content (according to BS)
	* B. moisture content is very high and as high as 100%
	* C. Thin wall tube is the best to retrieve sample for testing
	* D. Prefabricated Vertical Drain is not suitable for ground treatment in thick peat soil
	* E. Peat land is very sensitive to lowering of ground water
7. Which statements below are false?
	* A. Pile deviation due to machine movement or excavation in soft ground can be overcome by capping the ground 1-2m compacted soil prior to driving
	* B. Shallow foundation i.e raft can be adopted in soft gound if consolidation settlement and bearing capacity are addressed.
	* C. For bored pile construction in limestone, rock probing is recommended to carried out for every pile location.
	* D. Pile driving pattern deduced from continuous PDA test is highly recommended for RC pile foundation in soft ground.
	* E. None of the above.
8. Which of the following is false?
	* A. dynamic compaction can be used to compact loose granular soil into the existing ground prior to backfill.
	* B. soil field density can be obtained directly from nuclear density test.
	* C. no compaction is needed if single size aggregate is used as backfill.
	* D. for rock filling, the rock size shall be between 20mm-200mm.
	* E. for road subgrade, compaction to 95% of dry density is required.
9. Which of the ground improvement statement is FALSE?
	* A. For construction on soft peaty ground, always ensure that ground water level is maintained to avoid excessive settlement or failure.
	* B. In ground treatment using PVD for are road, traffic load shall be considered as surcharge load.
	* C. Culvert can be installed without piling if ground is preloaded with surcharge for consolidation process.
	* D. For very soft soil ground, stage earth filling can be adopted to avoid failure during construction
	* E. Partial soil replacement can reduce the consolidation time for a relative thin soft soil layer.
10. Which of the following for RC column detailing is TRUE?
	* I Area of main bars must not exceed 0.4% of column concrete section area
	* II minimum of link diameter is one-quarter of largest main bar diameter.
	* III link spacing must not exceed 12 times smallest main bar diameter
	* IV Area of main bars must not exceed 5% for column casted vertically
		+ A. I and II
		+ B. I and III
		+ C. II, III and IV
		+ D. I, II and III
		+ E. All of the above
11. Which of the following about concrete strength test is FALSE?
	* A. concrete cylinder strength and cube strength are equivalent and interchangeable
	* B. concrete rebound hammer test can only measure surface hardness of concrete
	* C. the effect of carbonation increase the surface hardness of concrete
	* D. strength of insitu concrete for the same concrete casting tends to vary depending on the position verticaliity
	* E. concrete at the bottom of a cast insitu column tends to be stronger near the bottom than near the top
12. The joint is to be constructed using 2 pieces of 13mm plywood as stop board. At which location along the beam would a joint at that orientation as shown, be suitable for ?
	* + A. 1-1 only
		+ B. 2-2 only
		+ C. 1-1 & 3-3
		+ D. 1-1 & 2-2
		+ E. none of the above
13. Figure show steel truss of a, b ,c, d constructed using UB = 406 x 152 x60kg. All joints are pinned. Truss bracing, b-d and a-c, are using high tensile steel rod of 12mm diameter. If truss is subjected to 10kN of lateral load at point B, please find which statement is TRUE.
	* A. F1 is negligible
	* B. F2 is negligible
	* C. F1 = F2
	* D. F1 < F2
	* E. None of the above
14. Find sagging moment between span b-c. Given hogging moment at support b and c is 23 kN.m and 43 kN.m respectively. Support a, b, c and d are pinned.
	* A. 13 kNm
	* B. 28 kNm
	* C. 32 kNm
	* D. 60 kNm
	* E. 84 kNm
15. Which of the statement below is TRUE?
	* I. Self-weight of the structure is considered dead load.
	* II. Immovable features such as dry wall and plasterboard are considered dead load.
	* III. Weight of usable water in water tank is considered dead load.
	* IV. Removable fixtures like bed, chair , tables and furniture are considered dead load.
		+ A. I
		+ B. I and II
		+ C. I, II and III
		+ D. I, II and IV.
		+ E. All of the above
16. The sketch below shows a solid steel plate bolted to a column with a load applied at the position as shown. Which items would not be a design consideration?
	* A. Shear in bolts
	* B. Tension in bolts
	* C. Flexural tension of the plate
	* D. Local buckling of the plate
	* E. None of the above.
17. In the design of a steel structure that is exposed to corrosive environment, which of the measure is not suitable in preventing corrosion of steel member?
	* A. Used of Zinc Based paint coating
	* B. Use of intermittent welding for jointing steel plate
	* C. Hot-Dip galvanized the steel member
	* D. Avoiding steel surface that could trap water.
	* E. Cathodic Protection
18. Ignoring the self weight, which is the incorrect statement for the steel structure below:
	* A. Member 2-8 subjected to shear only.
	* B. 3-4 compression only.
	* C. 2-3, bending, compression and shear only.
	* D. 8-9, subjected to tension, bending and shear.
	* E. none above.
19. Which of the following statements regarding the design of punching shear in concrete slabs is false?
	* A. The punching shear immediately adjacent to the loaded area must be checked.
	* B. The punching shear at the zone whose outer perimeter is 1.5d must be checked where d is effective depth of slab.
	* C. Enhance shear provisions are allowed for punching shear perimeter up to 1.5d where d is the effective depth of slab.
	* D. The maximum allowable punching shear is less than 5MPa or 0.8(fcu)0.5
	* E. If the shear stress, v is less than vc’ the design concrete shear stress, then only nominal shear reinforcement is required.
20. A sample of 40 concrete cylinders were crushed at 28 days. The mean strength is 50N/mm2. Standard deviation is 5 N/mm2. What is the characteristic strength of concrete?
	* A. 41.8 N/mm2
	* B. 45 N/mm2
	* C. 50 N/mm2
	* D. 42.5 N/mm2
	* E. 55 N/mm2
21. Which statement below is FALSE?
	* A. The cylinder test result at 28 days is the same with cube test strength
	* B. Compression cube test result is used in design.
	* C. Specify strength for quality and control by sampling at site.
	* D. Cement content is major factor for characteristic strength of the concrete
	* E. Standard mix is a cement-aggregate ratio to determine the optimum of the concrete strength
22. Which structure is not stable when force P is applied. The candidates may assumed that all the members can withstand with the load applied.
	* A. III
	* B. II
	* C. I and II
	* D. IV
	* E. II and IV
23. Which of the following losses in prestress force is true?
	* A. Steel relaxation can be reduced by increasing the jacking force
	* B. Elastic shortening can be reduced by stressing the post-tensioning at earlier concrete age
	* C. Shrinkage can be reduced by increasing water content of concrete
	* D. Creep can be reduced by adopting relatively bigger concrete cross section for similar amount of prestress force
	* E. Prestress concrete element deflection is critical & cannot be neglected
24. Base on the figure below (RC Frame), the force P is push upward with a magnitude of the same with self weight of the cantilever Beam B-C with no impose load. The Flexural reinforcement to resist is 2T20. The joint B is subject to open moment (magnitude of moment would not cause crushing of the diagonal strut within the joint). Based on above description, which are representative of Joint B, Based on above description, which are representative of Joint B?
	* A. II
	* B. I & III
	* C. I, III, & IV
	* D. II, III, & IV
	* E. II & IV
25. Reason for Concrete Curing
	* I. To prevent plastic crack
	* II. Expedite the concrete strength development
	* III. To shorten the setting time of concrete
	* IV. Water use in curing will ensure proper carbonation process (??)
26. It is quite frequent that in concrete casting operation, a column temporary stops at the soffit of the beams of the floor above. Therefore, here remains a portion of the column in which the beam reinforcement frames into column (the column-beam interface) which when cast with the concrete grade of the beam will result in the column with lower grade at the interface. Given that designed concrete grade for the column is greater than that for the beam that forms into column at the interface, identify which of the following statement is FALSE?
	* A. Cast the column-beam interface with the higher column concrete grade before concreting for the beam (and slab where slab is applicable) proceed. Extend the column concrete pour beyond a predetermined distance into the beam from the column-beam interface
	* B. The column-beam interface may be cast with lower grade concrete for the beam, provided that reinforcement details in the column-beam interface ensure that concrete at the interface can be regarded as confined concrete and design strength for the column is sufficient as such
	* C. In general, beam concrete grade not more than 5N/mm2 lower than the column concrete grade is acceptable at the column beam interface
	* D. Cast the column-beam interface with the column concrete grade, but allow the concrete to set sufficiently for the beam concrete. Pour to follow two concrete pour operation
	* E. None of above
27. Which is the following regarding subsoil drainage is FALSE?
	* A. Intercepting seepage of water from outside source and lowering it to acceptable level before it reaches the road structure
	* B. To increase subgrade bearing value
	* C. Removal of stagnant water from subgrade
	* D. Reduce seepage level from entering subgrade
	* E. None of the above
28. Stopping sight distance (SSD) is the distance taking by a driver from moving to a complete stop. Which of following is not the factors affect the SSD:
	* I. driver speed
	* II. grade of the road
	* III. superelevation
	* IV. Driver reaction time
29. Which of the following is FALSE regarding the close loops systems in water reticulation?
	* A. Size of water pipe reduced under close loop system
	* B. Close loop system allows more flexibility for maintenance
	* C. Close loop system reduces the tendency of water disruption in the supplied catchment
	* D. Close loop system requires longer pipes as compared to the branch (unlooped)
	* E. None of the above
30. Which of the following is the correct flow of water treatment plant process?
	* A. Coagulation / Flocculation --> Aeration --> Sedimentation --> Filtration --> Disinfection
	* B. Coagulation / Flocculation --> Sedimentation --> Filtration --> Aeration -->Disinfection
	* C. Disinfection --> Coagulation / Flocculation --> Sedimentation --> Aeration --> Filtration
	* D. Aeration -->Coagulation / Flocculation --> Sedimentation --> Disinfection --> Filtration
	* E. Aeration -->Coagulation / Flocculation --> Sedimentation --> Filtration --> Disinfection
31. Which of the following statements on road and bridge are TRUE?
	* I. Minimum head room of 5.4m is required for overhead bridge crossing as Arahan Teknik Jalan JKR
	* II. Bridge over river, the soffit of the bridge shall be 0.5m above flood level of 100 year ARI
	* III. U6 is the lowest grade in urban Road hierarchy
	* IIV. The length of acceleration and deceleration lanes is subjected to design, speed of the mainline and ramp/slip road
		+ A. I & II
		+ B. I, II & IV
		+ C. II & III
		+ D. I & IV
		+ E. All the above
32. Which of the following statements for sewerage system is False?
	* A. Manning Equation and Colebrook Equation can be used to design size of gravity sewer pipe
	* B. Network Pumping Station use to lift up sewerage from deep to shallower sewage level
	* C. Vacuum system, Gravity System, Pressurized sytem is the most design method recommend in MSIG
	* D. Maximum distance between manhole for sewer size less 1.0m diameter shall not more than 100m
	* E. Pipe jacking & open cut method commonly use at sewerage work in Malaysia
33. -
34. Which of the following statements for sewerage system is FALSE?
	* A. Manning Equation and Colebrook Equation can be used to design size of gravity sewer pipe
	* B. Network Pumping Station use to lift up sewerage from deep sewer to shallow level.
	* C. Gravity sewer, Vacuum sewerage, pressure system is the most design method use to design sewer in MSIG
	* D. Maximum distance between manhole for sewer size less 1.0m diameter for force main shall not more than 100m
	* E. Pipe jacking and open cut method commonly use at sewerage work in Malaysia
35. The catchment area is 600,500m2 .The average rainfall intensity is 180 mm/hr. Half of the area is native forest with runoff coefficient 0.3 and the other area is ex-mining pond fully occupied with water without freeboard. Use rational method to calculate PEAK FLOW.
	* A. 195.2 m3/s
	* B. 4.5 m3/s
	* C. 70.3 m3/s
	* D. 19.5 m3/s
	* E. 45.0 m3/s
36. Which of the following statements are TRUE on ESCP:
	* I. Sediment Basin is not required for basement construction site for high rise project as the runoff generated in the construction site will not over spilled off site.
	* II. Silt fence is required to be installed at the perimeter of the site project when neighbouring platform is higher
	* III. Check dam is installed at temporary earth drain for flat area.
	* IV. Turfing is provided for slope and platform level
		+ A. I
		+ B. III and IV
		+ C. I, II, III
		+ D. III
		+ E. II, III and IV
37. You are required to compute the Highest Water Level for 50 years and 100 years ARI floods at an existing bridge crossing river. Which of the following document / information are required for you to carry out the hydrological & hydraulic analysis?
	* I. Topographical map
	* II. Topographical survey of existing river sections
	* III. Topographical survey of existing bridge foundation, column and soffit level
	* IV. Rainfall data from nearest rainfall station
		+ A. I,III, IV
		+ B. I,II,IV
		+ C. I,II,III
		+ D. II, III, IV
		+ E. All of the above
38. Which measures are suitable for ESCP at hilly ground development & construction?
	* I. silt fence and check dam
	* II. temporary earth drain
	* III. Sediment basin
	* IV. Detention pond
	* V. Gross Pollutant Trap
		+ A. I & II
		+ B. I, II, III
		+ C. II, III, IV
		+ D. I, II, III
		+ E. I, II, III, IV
39. Which is the not suitable for sewerage force main pipe crossing 300m wide river?
	* A. overhead bridge
	* B. pipe jacking
	* C. dredge the river bed and then lay the sewer pipe, and then backfill with crusher run/coarse aggregate.
	* D. inverted siphon
	* E. Horizontal directional drilling
40. Conditions inverted siphon can be adopted:
	* I. Gravity raw sewer pipe crossing under a river / stream
	* II. Water pipe crossing a river stream
	* III. Gravity sewer crossing under a high power cable
	* IV. Drainage pipe crossing a railway
	* V. Gravity sewer effluent pipe crossing under monsoon drain
		+ A. I & II
		+ B. I, II & IV
		+ C. I, III, IV & V
		+ D. IV & V
		+ E. All of the above

##### *Essay*

 0 - 7
 7 - 14
 14 - 30
 > 30

Fs = 2N, FB = 250N, FOS for both Fs & FB is 2

Given 500mm dia. spun pile capacity is 2,000 kN:

* a) name 3 reason will you will choose pile foundation over footing system.
* b) column load is 7500 kN, what is the reaction on each pile if the pile is installed at the correct position.
* c) propose your estimated pile penetration depth using the SI information provided. Pile length to calculate from cut-off level. (FOS of 2 for both friction and base resistance, fs = 2N, fb =250N). What is the estimate min. require pile length if pile working capacity is 2000 kN (pile length shall be calculated below cutoff level).
* d) based on the deviated pile postion, what will the max. pile load be? Will there be a different in max. pile load in comparison with piles installed at correct position?
* e) justify your finding at d) with calculation
* f) based on your justification at e), does any rectification (remedial / strengthening ) proposal required? if yes, what is the proposal. please sketch.

2) Figure Q2a below shows shed with RC columns spaced at 3m along the building and the external roof and wall covering. Figure 2b shows cross section

* i. what are the common dead and imposed loading to be used for roof? (10 marks)
* ii. Sketch a proposed roof system. What is the connection type at C and D? pinned or fixed? (15 marks)
* iii. Sketch an alternative proposed roof system. Discuss which is preferred. (15 marks)
* iv. SHOW the reactions at A and B for (ii). (15 marks)
* v. SHOW the reactions at A and B for the proposed alternative (iii). (15 marks)
* vi. Sketch the BM of ANY of the proposed system. (15 marks)
* vii. What are the SLS deflection limits for the column and roof? (10 marks)
* viii. Given a cantilevered beam, with a span of 2.6m, UDL of 1.5kN/m, with section of 300x300 RC. What is the maximum deflection? (10 marks)

3.1) in the specification for the insitu casting of the reinforced concrete slab and beam using timber form for a multistory building, period for stripping and removing of formwork using G30 normally --- concrete was specified as follows.

* slab soffit (props left under) 5 days
* removal of props to slabs 10 days
* simply/continuous beam (props left under) 8 days
* removal of props to beam 21 days
* cantilever beam (props left under) 14 days
* removal of props to contilever beam 21days

* a) Why is there different for simply support beam soffit & removal formwork for cantilever from the point of view of safety.
* b) In order to expedite construction & to transfer of formwork , it is ---- as follows:
	+ slab soffit (props left under) 3 days
	+ removal of props to slabs 7 days
	+ simply/continuous beam (props left under) 4 days
	+ removal of props to beam 14 days
	+ cantilever beam (props left under) 7 days
	+ removal of props to cantilever beam 14 days
	+ Describe has you as a design engineer, how would you evaluate and accept the shorten period.
* c) What factors can affect the justification of concrete cube strength in b) ?
* d) List 2 methods can be used to facilitate the early dismantle of formwork in case the justification in c) is not structurally viable. (10 marks)
* e) Stated 1 (one) way to ensure the strength of concrete is adequate for the removal of formwork. (4 marks)

3.2) Given a triangle slab supported by three beams as figure below:

* a) elaborate 3 methods to determine the mid span moment? (15 marks)
* b) sketch in the drawing with thick line, which is the max. sagging moment direction. (10 marks)
* c) estimate the bending moment.

* a)Existing highway is dual 2 lanes carriageway. You are requested to proposed left-in left out access ramp at a suitable location from the highway to the proposed roundabout at PL110 as shown in plan with minimum cut and fill. You shall sketch your alignment of the ramp and typical road section. (20 marks)
* b) Provide 4 factors considered in proposed alignment at (a). (10 marks)
* c) State the disadvantages of Left-in Left-out and suggest 3 alternatives to overcome the disadvantages
* d) Sketch a road to connect the proposed roundabout to the Federal Road JKR. The road alignment must avoid the Green Zone Area.
* (e) Give reasons for choosing this proposal in item (d).
* (f) The left in – left out access ramp from highway would cross existing monsoon drain – opened U drain of 8m width x 3m depth. Discuss the design consideration and 2 possible solutions if there is only 1.5m headroom from top of open U drain to finished road level (FRL).

Plot A boundary conditions as per site plan. Owner do not want to backfill and wish to develop on OGL. To propose EW & drainage for Plot A with owner's direction above for: -

* Scenario 1
	+ a) How to address the existing River Q1 flowing through Plot A to maximize the land use of plot A. Indicate hydraulic structure if any (10 marks)
	+ b) Elaborate your design concept and approach according to MSMA requirement and method of discharge to River Q
* Scenario 2
	+ a) Please discuss selecting proposed platform level , minimum earth platform level and design approach