Ligne 70 KV - (Brioude-Neussargues)

## Présentation :

La ligne Brioude-Neussargues est une ancienne ligne de 70000 volts qui reliait les postes électriques de Brioude et Neussargues. Mise en service dans les années 1920, elle faisait partie du réseau à haute tension primitif établit en Auvergne. Elle a été entièrement déclassée à la fin des années 1960 puis démantelée en quasi totalité.

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class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBrioude\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Brioude\n","link":"","lat":45.29854432359586,"lon":3.3865928315675164,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENeussargues\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Neussargues\n","link":"","lat":45.13592113536046,"lon":2.98557144401288,"icon":""}]}
## Historique :

### *Ligne de transport d'energie de la CHEA :*

Cette ligne fut construite vers 1927-1928 par la *Compagnie Hydro-électrique d'Auvergne* (CHEA) afin d'étendre son réseau de transports et de distribution d'énergie vers le Cantal. La société avait mis en service au début des années 1920 une première liaison Clermont-Ferrand - Coudes - Brioude et développait un réseau qui couvrirait à terme une zone géographique aux limites suivantes :

* Au Nord; le poste d'interconnexion de Bayet près de Saint-Pourçain-sur-Sioule
* A l'Est; la ville de Thiers au pied des monts du Forez
* A l'Ouest, les usines hydrauliques de la Sioule dans les Combrailles et celles de la Diège vers Bort-les-Orgues.
* Au Sud; les villes Cantaliennes de Murat et Saint-Flour.

Au départ de Brioude, la ligne 70KV venant de Neussargues faisait tronc commun avec celle de Coudes sur une section de 1,5 km constituée de pylône treillis à 6 triangles. Le reste de la ligne était composé principalement de poteaux en béton avec armement à 3 triangles et ponctuellement quelques pylônes treillis (notamment au niveau des virages serrés).

Avec l'achèvement de l'électrification de la voie ferrée Beziers-Neussargues en 1932, la ligne fut connectée directement au réseau de la Compagnie du Midi au poste électrique de Neussargues suite à la mise en service de la ligne haute tension 60KV alimentant la caténaire.

### *Déclassement et dépose partielle à partir des années 1970 :*

La ligne construite par la CHEA fonctionna jusqu'à la fin des années 1960 ou début des années 1970, époque ou fut mise en service par EDF la ligne 63 KV Brioude-Neussargues dont le tracé fut établi plus au Nord (correspondant aux actuelles lignes Brioude-Massiac et Massiac-Neussargues-Peyrusse). Elle fut ensuite progressivement déposée en majeure partie, les tronçons conservés étant affectés aux réseau de distribution à 20000 volts.

#### Etape de la dépose partielle :

1. Entre 1968 et 1974 : Dépose intégrale du tronçon courant le long de la N122 entre Neussargues et Massiac (ferme de *Vazerat*).
2. Entre 1987 et 1995 : Suppression de la ligne entre Brioude et le lieu dit *Rosier,* sauf un tronçon de 700m conservé à Paulhac.
3. Entre 1992 et 1999 : Dépose d'un tronçon de 800m au niveau de *Vernières*, entre l'entrée Ouest du village et un ancien transformateur situé au niveau du virage à angle droit de la D17 à la sortie direction Saint-Beauzire.
4. An 2000 : la ligne est démantelée entre Saint-Beauzire et l'entrée Est de *Vernières*. Le transformateur est détruit lui aussi.
5. Entre 2000 et 2005 : Suppression de la section comprise entre *Vernières* et la ferme *Vazerat* à l'Est de Massiac.

## La ligne de nos jours :

Il ne reste aujourd'hui que 5 km de l'ancienne ligne CHEA sur les 44 km du tracé originel. Le reliquat se compose d'une section de 4,4 km de Saint-Beauzire à *Rosier* et d'un court tronçon de 700m à Paulhac. Ils sont utilisés pour le réseau de distribution à 20 KV. On peut noter également la présence du fût d'un ancien pylône à Ferrières-Saint-Mary, utilisé comme antenne relais...

## Description du tracé :

La ligne suivait un axe orienté Nord-Est/Sud-Ouest en longeant les routes.

* Elle sortait du poste de Brioude et se dirigeait vers le Nord en tronc commun avec la ligne Coudes-Brioude sur des pylônes treillis à 6 triangles.
* Les deux lignes se séparaient après environ 1,5 km et la ligne Brioude-Neussargues bifurquaient vers l'Ouest. Elle croisait la N102 puis la voie ferrée Clermont-Nîmes avant de se diriger sur Paulhac.
* Elle traversait le village de Paulhac puis suivait la D20. Arrivée au croisement avec la D17, elle prenait la direction du Sud en suivant cette route.
* Elle longeait la D17 sur 3km puis bifurquait vers le Sud-Ouest en direction de Saint-Beauzire. Elle passait au Sud du village et suivait de nouveau la D17 jusqu'a *Vernières*.
* Après *Vernières*, la ligne tournait franchement vers l'Ouest jusqu'à atteindre Massiac. Elle traversait le village en suivait la rue de la Gare puis franchissait l'Alagnon avant d'atteindre la N122.
* Elle remontait ensuite la vallée de l'Alagnon en suivant ensuite l'ancien tracé de la N122 jusqu'à Neussargues, traversant au passage Molompize et Ferrières-Sainte-Mary. Elle terminait son trajet au poste de Neussargues situé le long de la nationale au Nord-Est du village.

## Notes :

Avec les sources dont nous disposons aujourd'hui, il est impossible de savoir si la section à double ternes située à Brioude a été construite lors de la mise en service de la ligne Brioude-Neussargues ou bien quelques années auparavant. En effet, elle aurait très bien pu être réalisée vers 1923-1924 lors de la création de la ligne Coudes-Brioude par anticipation des besoins futurs (Ce fut le cas pour la section Coudes-Beaulieu de cette même ligne, dont le deuxième circuit ne fut exploité qu'à partir de 1939).