Central California

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**Central California** is a subregion of Northern California, generally thought of as the middle third of the state, north of Southern California. It includes the northern portion of the San Joaquin Valley (which itself is the southern portion of the Central Valley, beginning at the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta), the Central Coast, the central hills of the California Coast Ranges, and the foothills and mountain areas of the central Sierra Nevada.

Central California is considered to be west of the crest of the Sierra Nevada. (East of the Sierras is Eastern California.) The largest cities in the region (over 50,000 population), from most to least populous, are Fresno, Bakersfield, Stockton, Modesto, Salinas, Visalia, Clovis, Santa Maria, Merced, Turlock, Madera, Lodi, Tulare, Porterville, Hanford, and Delano.

 File:Yosemite.JPG

## Geography

Central California can have widely varying definitions depending on the context. Some divide the state by lines of latitude making northern, central and southern sections. Others divide by county lines or watershed boundaries. Some definitions include more of the San Joaquin Valley and even larger portions of the Central Valley. Some have less or none of Central Coast.

Generally the widest definition of central California is the middle third of the state by latitude.Template:Citation needed The southern boundary of that area would be 35° 41', which nearly coincides with the county lines already used for the southern boundary that cross the state west-to-east below Monterey, Kings and Tulare Counties. The northern boundary of that area at 38° 51' crosses just north of the Sacramento metro area. However, the San Francisco Bay and Sacramento metro areas are traditionally considered parts of Northern California, intuitively grouped together as the northern urban center within the state. That leaves the most accepted definitions of central California to the areas south of there.Template:Citation needed

 File:Big Sur June 2008.jpg
### Counties

Central California as defined above includes the following 16 counties:

* Calaveras
* Fresno
* Kern
* Kings
* Madera
* Mariposa
* Merced
* Monterey
* San Benito
* San Joaquin
* San Luis Obispo
* Santa Barbara
* Santa Cruz
* Stanislaus
* Tulare
* Tuolumne

### Cities

Area cities and towns listed below are major regional centers or county seats.

* Delano
* Fresno
* Hanford
* Hollister
* Lemoore
* Lodi
* Lompoc
* Madera
* Mariposa
* Merced
* Modesto
* Monterey
* Pismo Beach
* Porterville
* Salinas
* San Luis Obispo
* Santa Barbara
* Santa Maria
* Sonora
* Stockton
* Tulare
* Turlock
* Visalia
* Watsonville

 File:Greenfield California.JPG
### Sub-regions

The following regions are entirely contained within central California:

* Big Sur
* Kings Canyon National Park
* Metropolitan Fresno
* Pinnacles National Park
* Salinas Valley
* San Joaquin Valley
* Sequoia National Park
* Yosemite National Park

The following regions are partly contained within central California:

* California Coast Ranges
* Central Coast
* Diablo Range
* Gold Country
* Santa Barbara County
* Santa Cruz County
* Sierra Nevada Mountains
* Tehachapi Mountains

## Education

Central California has opened two new universities recently, one in each of the past two decades.

The University of California has one campus in the region. University of California, Merced opened on a newly constructed site on the east side of Merced in 2005.

The California State University system has four campuses in the region. California State University, Monterey Bay opened on the site of the former Fort Ord army base in 1994. California State University, Stanislaus in Turlock opened in 1957. California State University, Fresno opened in 1911.

The Monterey Institute of International Studies is a graduate school that offers eleven master's degree programs in international policy, international management, language teaching, and translation and interpretation. The Monterey Institute of International Studies is a graduate school of Middlebury College.

San Joaquin College of Law is a private, nonprofit law school located in Clovis.

Fresno Pacific University is a private university in Fresno.

The Naval Postgraduate School and Defense Language Institute are located in Monterey.

The following community college campus sites are in the region:

* Columbia College in Sonora, Tuolumne County
* Clovis Community College in Clovis, Fresno County
* Fresno City College in Fresno, Fresno County
* Hartnell College in Salinas, Monterey County
* Merced College in Merced, Merced County
* Modesto Junior College in Modesto, Stanislaus County
* Monterey Peninsula College, Monterey, Monterey County
* Porterville College in Porterville, Tulare County
* Reedley College in Fresno, Fresno County
* College of the Sequoias in Visalia, Tulare County
* West Hills College Coalinga in Coalinga, Fresno County
* West Hills College Lemoore in Lemoore, Kings County

There are no community colleges in Madera, Mariposa or San Benito Counties.

### Major highways

Most of the major highways in the region run north-south around the mountains. Interstate 5 and State Route 99 are the primary highways in the San Joaquin Valley. US 101 and State Route 1 are the major coastal highways.

* File:I-5 (CA).svg Interstate 5: San Joaquin Valley
* File:California 25.svg State Route 25: Hollister, Diablo Range, Pinnacles Nat'l Park
* File:California 33.svg State Route 33: San Joaquin Valley
* File:California 41.svg State Route 41: San Joaquin Valley, Fresno, Yosemite Nat'l Park
* File:California 43.svg State Route 43: San Joaquin Valley
* File:California 49.svg State Route 49: Gold Country
* File:California 63.svg State Route 63: San Joaquin Valley, Visalia
* File:California 65.svg State Route 65: San Joaquin Valley
* File:California 68.svg State Route 68: Monterey, Salinas
* File:California 99.svg State Route 99: San Joaquin Valley, Merced, Madera, Fresno, Bakersfield
* File:US 101 (CA).svg U.S. Route 101: Salinas Valley, Salinas
* File:California 108.svg State Route 108: San Joaquin Valley, Modesto, Gold Country, Sonora, Sierra Nevada
* File:California 120.svg State Route 120: San Joaquin Valley, Modesto, Gold Country, Sierra Nevada, Yosemite Nat'l Park
* File:California 137.svg State Route 137: San Joaquin Valley
* File:California 140.svg State Route 140: San Joaquin Valley, Merced, Yosemite Nat'l Park
* File:California 145.svg State Route 145: San Joaquin Valley, Madera
* File:California 146.svg State Route 146: Pinnacles Nat'l Park
* File:California 152.svg State Route 152: San Joaquin Valley
* File:California 156.svg State Route 156: Salinas Valley, Salinas, Hollister
* File:California 168.svg State Route 168: Fresno, Sierra Nevada
* File:California 180.svg State Route 180: San Joaquin Valley, Fresno, Kings Canyon Nat'l Park
* File:California 190.svg State Route 190: San Joaquin Valley, Sierra Nevada
* File:California 198.svg State Route 198: Diablo Range, San Joaquin Valley, Hanford, Visalia, Sequoia Nat'l Park
* File:California 201.svg State Route 201: San Joaquin Valley
* File:California 233.svg State Route 233: Chowchilla
* File:California 245.svg State Route 245: San Joaquin Valley, Kings Canyon Nat'l Park

### Rail

Passenger rail in the region consists of the Amtrak long-haul Coast Starlight and Amtrak California San Joaquin routes.

The California High-Speed Rail system is under planning. If built, it would have stations in Fresno and Merced on the initial line between San Francisco/San Jose and Los Angeles.

Freight rail is served by commercial railroads. Union Pacific Railroad and BNSF Railway operate mainline freight through the region in the Central Valley.

### Air

Major and regional airline service are available at Fresno Yosemite International Airport and Monterey Regional Airport. Regional airline service is also available at Modesto City-County Airport, Merced Municipal Airport and Visalia Municipal Airport.

General Aviation airports exist in all 10 counties. The largest are former military bases converted to civilian airports

* Castle Airport in Merced County
* Marina Municipal Airport in Monterey County
* Porterville Municipal Airport in Tulare County
* Salinas Municipal Airport in Monterey County

An active military air base is at Naval Air Station Lemoore in Kings County.

## Notes

Variations on significant/influential definitions of the term **central California** are collected in this section.

The following counties are self-described as being in central California or central within California:

* Fresno County
	+ Fresno County's intro paragraph on its web site says it is in central California.
* Madera County
	+ Madera County describes itself as located "in the exact center of California."
	+ Madera County Economic Development Commission describes the county as "located in the geographical center of California".
* Tulare County
	+ Tulare County describes itself as "centrally located within the State of California".

The following are definitions by influential organizations:

* The National Register of Historic Places splits California three ways with lines across the map, with central California being approximately above Los Angeles County and below Santa Clara and Merced Counties.
* The California Department of Transportation, or CalTrans, has a wide definition of the central portion of the state with several multi-county districts which have "central" in the name, combining the Central Coast and Central Valley. The "***North Central***" district covers Sacramento to Chico. The "***Central***" district covers Stockton to Merced, and Yosemite. The "***South Central***" district covers Madera, Fresno, and Bakersfield. The "***Central Coast***" district covers Santa Cruz to Monterey.
* The Central California chapter of the Better Business Bureau defines their central California region to exclude the coastal counties and include Mono, Inyo and Kern Counties. Their definition is Fresno County, Inyo County, Kern County, Kings County, Madera County, Mariposa County, Merced County, Mono County, and Tulare County.

## References

1. ↑ "College Listings". California Community Colleges Chancellor's Office. Archived from the original on 2010-01-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20100121000058/http://cccco.edu/CommunityColleges/CommunityCollegeListings/CollegeListingsAlphabetical/tabid/643/Default.aspx. Retrieved 2010-01-23.
2. ↑ "About the County". Fresno County, California. http://www.co.fresno.ca.us/CountyPage.aspx?id=19947. Retrieved 2010-01-24.
3. ↑ "Madera County Statistical Information". Madera County, California. Archived from the original on 2010-01-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20100116214630/http://madera-county.com/facts/index.html. Retrieved 2010-01-24.
4. ↑ "Madera County Economic Development Commission". Madera County Economic Development Commission. http://www.maderacountyedc.com/. Retrieved 2010-01-24.
5. ↑ "About Tulare County". Tulare County, California. Archived from the original on 2010-01-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20100110014018/http://www.co.tulare.ca.us/about/default.asp. Retrieved 2010-01-24.
6. ↑ "Map of California". National Register of Historic Places. http://www.nps.gov/history/Nr/travel/ca/maps.htm. Retrieved 2010-01-24.
7. ↑ "Highway Information Area Maps". California Department of Transportation. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/roadinfo/statemap.htm. Retrieved 2010-01-24.
8. ↑ "Contact Us". Central California Better Business Bureau. http://www.fresno.bbb.org/contact-us/. Retrieved 2010-01-24.

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## External links

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* Central Valley Tourism Association
* CA Central Valley & Foothills, project area of the American Land Conservancy
* Central California Coast Guide

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