2K (company)

Template:Use American English
Template:Use mdy dates

* Phil Dixon (COO)
* *BioShock* series
* *Borderlands* series
* *Civilization* series
* *Mafia* series
* *X-COM* series

**2K** is an American video game publisher based in Novato, California. 2K was founded under Take-Two Interactive in January 2005 through the 2K Games and 2K Sports labels, following Take-Two Interactive's acquisition of Visual Concepts that same month. Originally based in New York City, it moved to Novato in 2007. A third label, 2K Play, was added in September 2007. 2K is governed by David Ismailer as president and Phil Dixon as COO. A motion capture studio for 2K is based in Petaluma, California.

## History

On January 24, 2005, Take-Two Interactive announced that it had acquired Visual Concepts, including its Kush Games subsidiary and the intellectual property of the *2K*  sports-game series, from Sega for US$24 million. The following day Take-Two Interactive established the 2K publishing label, consisting of the sub-labels 2K Games and 2K Sports, with the latter focusing on sports games. Several of Take-Two Interactive's development studios—Visual Concepts, Kush Games, Indie Built, Venom Games, PopTop Software, and Frog City Software—became studios of 2K, and Take-Two Licensing was merged into the new label.

On January 21, 2006, a fire heavily damaged the administration and marketing portions of 2K's offices. In June 2007 2K announced that they had closed their offices in New York City and would move to a new location on the West Coast, namely Novato, California.

On September 10, 2007, Take-Two Interactive announced that they had struck a partnership with Nickelodeon on publishing games based on their licenses. Alongside this announcement, Take-Two Interactive introduced a third 2K label, 2K Play, to focus on casual games. Through this opening, 2K absorbed all assets of Take-Two Interactive's budget-range publisher Global Star Software, including the game *Carnival Games*, the studio Cat Daddy Games, and games based on *Deal or No Deal*.

On May 4, 2017, 2K's co-founder and until-then  president, Christoph Hartmann, announced that he had stepped down from his position. Hartmann had worked for Take-Two Interactive for roughly 20 years, but did not state a reason for his departure. He later joined Amazon Game Studios in August 2018. He was succeeded by previous chief operating officer (COO) David Ismailer later in May 2017. The role of COO was filled by Phil Dixon, formerly of Betfair, in November 2017, and Melissa Bell was hired as senior vice president and head of global marketing in April 2018.

On September 25, 2018, 2K announced 2K Foundations, a program that would "support underserved communities across the nation by refurbishing basketball courts in neighborhoods that need them the most". Microsoft will also partner with 2K to establish Xbox One S gaming-stations at these courts. 2K Foundations planned to refurbish 12 basketball courts in several cities across the United States (including Cincinnati, Baltimore, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Cleveland) within its first year.

## Labels

2K Games Logo.svg2K Games2K Sports Logo.svg2K Sports2K Play Logo.svg2K Play
## Studios

* 2K Chengdu in Chengdu, China; founded in June 2011.
* 2K Vegas in Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.; founded in 2006 as 2K West, rebranded in 2013.
* 31st Union in Silicon Valley, California, U.S. and Spain; founded in 2019.
* Cat Daddy Games in Kirkland, Washington, U.S.; founded in 1996, acquired in 2003.
* Cloud Chamber in San Francisco Bay Area, U.S. and Montreal, Canada; founded in 2019.
* Firaxis Games in Hunt Valley, Maryland, U.S.; founded in 1996, acquired in 2005.
* Hangar 13 in Novato, California, U.S.; founded in 2014.
* Visual Concepts in Novato, California, U.S.; founded in 1988, acquired in 2005.

### Defunct

* 2K Australia in Canberra, Australia; founded in 2000, acquired in 2006, closed in 2015.
* 2K China in Shanghai, China; founded in May 2006, closed in November 2015.
* 2K Czech in Brno, Czech Republic; founded in 1997, acquired in 2008, merged into Hangar 13 in 2017.
* 2K Hangzhou in Hangzhou, China; founded in 2007, closed in November 2016.
* 2K Los Angeles in Camarillo, California, U.S.; founded as Kush Games in 1998, acquired in 2005, closed in 2008.
* 2K Marin in Novato, California, U.S.; founded in 2007, closed in 2013.
* Frog City Software in San Francisco, U.S.; founded in 1994, acquired in 2003, closed in 2006.
* Indie Built in Salt Lake City, U.S.; founded as Access Software in 1982, acquired and renamed in 2004, closed in 2006.
* Irrational Games in Westwood, Massachusetts, U.S.; founded in 1997, acquired in 2006, closed in 2017 and succeeded by Ghost Story Games.
* PAM Development in Paris, France; founded in 1995, acquired in 2005, closed in 2008.
* PopTop Software in Fenton, Missouri, U.S.; founded in 1993, acquired in 2000, merged into Firaxis Games in 2006.
* Venom Games in Newcastle upon Tyne, England; founded in 2003, acquired in 2004, closed in 2008.

## References

1. ↑ Wagner, Kurt (September 16, 2016). "Here's what it's like to be scanned into an NBA video game". https://www.vox.com/2016/9/16/12907442/nba-2k17-video-game-basketball-scan.
2. ↑ Feldman, Curt (January 24, 2005). "Sega officially out of the sports game". https://www.gamespot.com/articles/sega-officially-out-of-the-sports-game/1100-6117016/.
3. ↑ Adams, David (January 24, 2005). "Take Two Buys Visual Concepts". https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/01/25/take-two-buys-visual-concepts.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Good, Owen (23 May 2012). "A Terrible Decision Created *MLB 2K*—But It Also Brought Us *BioShock*". https://kotaku.com/a-terrible-decision-created-mlb-2k-but-it-also-brought-5912820.
5. ↑ Robinson, Jon (January 25, 2005). "Take-Two Opens 2K Games". https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/01/25/take-two-opens-2k-games.
6. ↑ Winegarner, Beth (January 25, 2005). "Take-Two pitches new label; sports high on the agenda". https://www.gamespot.com/articles/take-two-pitches-new-label-sports-high-on-the-agenda/1100-6117027/.
7. ↑ Jenkins, David (January 25, 2005). "Take-Two Acquires Visual Concepts, Announces 2K Games Brand". https://gamasutra.com/view/news/95818/TakeTwo\_Acquires\_Visual\_Concepts\_Announces\_2K\_Games\_Brand.php.
8. ↑ Adams, David (January 23, 2006). "2K Games Office Damaged in Fire". https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/01/23/2k-games-office-damaged-in-fire.
9. ↑ Nick Breckon (June 15, 2007). "2K Games Closes NYC Office, Heads West". http://www.shacknews.com/article/47449/2k-games-closes-nyc-office.
10. ↑ Hatfield, Daemon (September 10, 2007). "Take-Two Plays with Nickelodeon". https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/09/10/take-two-plays-with-nickelodeon.
11. ↑ Androvich, Mark (September 10, 2007). "Nickelodeon enters agreement with new 2K Play label". https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/nickelodeon-enters-agreement-with-new-2k-play-label.
12. ↑ Kuchera, Ben (September 10, 2007). "Take-Two partners with Nickelodeon, launches casual game label 2K Play". https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2007/09/take-two-partners-with-nickelodeon-launches-casual-game-label-2k-play/.
13. ↑ Shea, Brian (May 4, 2017). "President Of 2K Games Christoph Hartmann Leaves Company". https://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/archive/2017/05/04/president-of-2k-games-leaves-company.aspx.
14. ↑ Dring, Christopher (May 4, 2017). "2K president Christoph Hartmann departs". https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2017-05-04-2k-president-christoph-hartmann-departs.
15. ↑ Dornbush, Jonathon (May 4, 2017). "2K Games President Christoph Hartmann Leaves Company". https://www.ign.com/articles/2017/05/04/2k-games-president-christoph-hartmann-leaves-company.
16. ↑ Chan, Stephanie (August 7, 2018). "Former 2K president Christoph Hartmann joins Amazon Game Studios as vice president". https://venturebeat.com/2018/08/07/former-2k-president-christoph-hartmann-joins-amazon-game-studios-as-vice-president/.
17. ↑ Kerr, Chris (May 31, 2017). "Take-Two appoints David Ismailer as president of 2K Games". https://gamasutra.com/view/news/299055/TakeTwo\_appoints\_David\_Ismailer\_as\_president\_of\_2K\_Games.php.
18. ↑ Handrahan, Matthew (May 31, 2017). "David Ismailer steps in as new 2K president". https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2017-05-31-david-ismailer-steps-in-as-new-2k-president.
19. ↑ Sinclair, Brendan (July 23, 2018). "2K's light slate belies bigger ambitions". https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2018-07-23-2ks-light-slate-belies-bigger-ambitions.
20. ↑ Handrahan, Matthew (September 26, 2018). "2K Foundations to provide basketball and STEM education facilities in US cities". https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2018-09-26-2k-foundations-to-provide-sporting-and-stem-education-facilities-in-us-cities.
21. ↑ Kato, Matthew (September 25, 2018). "2K Foundations Started To Help Communities Through Basketball". https://www.gameinformer.com/2018/09/25/2k-foundations-started-to-help-communities-through-basketball.
22. ↑ "2K Chengdu". http://www.2kchina.com/en/content/2k-chengdu.
23. ↑ Sinclair, Brendan (7 November 2012). "Take-Two moving QA studio to Nevada". https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2012-11-07-take-two-moving-qa-to-nevada.
24. ↑ "About". https://2kvegas.com/.
25. ↑ McWhertor, Michael (February 4, 2019). "2K opens new studio led by Sledgehammer Games co-founder". https://www.polygon.com/2019/2/4/18210572/2k-games-silicon-valley-michael-condrey.
26. ↑ Ivan, Tom (February 11, 2020). "2K’s new 31st Union studio is making an ‘ambitious and inspired original IP’". *Video Games Chronicle*. https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/2ks-new-31st-union-studio-is-making-an-ambitious-and-inspired-new-ip/. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
27. ↑ "About". http://www.catdaddy.com/about.html.
28. ↑ Phillips, Tom (December 9, 2019). "New BioShock game announced, still "several" years away". *Eurogamer*. https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2019-12-09-bioshock-in-development-at-new-2k-studio-cloud-chamber. Retrieved December 9, 2019.
29. ↑ Carless, Simon (November 7, 2005). "Take-Two Acquires Firaxis Games". https://gamasutra.com/view/news/98052/TakeTwo\_Acquires\_Firaxis\_Games.php.
30. ↑ Schreier, Jason (April 13, 2018). "How The Makers Of *Mafia III* Lost Their Way". https://kotaku.com/how-the-makers-of-mafia-iii-lost-their-way-1825242177.
31. ↑ Hruby, Patrick (September 18, 2018). "Inside NBA 2K's Journey to the Top of Sports Gaming". https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2796233-inside-nba2ks-journey-to-the-top-of-sports-gaming.
32. ↑ Sarkar, Samit (April 15, 2015). "2K Australia is shutting down". https://www.polygon.com/2015/4/15/8425885/2k-australia-closing.
33. ↑ Carless, Simon (May 9, 2006). "E3: Take-Two Interactive Establishes 2K Shanghai Studio". https://gamasutra.com/view/news/100197/E3\_TakeTwo\_Interactive\_Establishes\_2K\_Shanghai\_Studio.php.
34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Makuch, Eddie (November 6, 2015). "Borderlands Online Canceled, Developer Shuttered". https://www.gamespot.com/articles/borderlands-online-canceled-developer-shuttered/1100-6432074/.
35. ↑ Sinclair, Brendan (January 4, 2018). "Have you seen these studios?". https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2018-01-04-have-you-seen-these-studios.
36. ↑ "2K Hangzhou". http://www.2kchina.com/en/content/2k-hangzhou.
37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 Plunkett, Luke (January 16, 2012). "Every Game Studio That's Closed Down Since 2006". https://kotaku.com/every-game-studio-thats-closed-down-since-2006-5876693.
38. ↑ Template:Cite journal
39. ↑ Schreier, Jason (December 9, 2019). "Sources: The New *BioShock* Has Been In The Works For Years". https://kotaku.com/sources-the-new-bioshock-has-been-in-the-works-for-yea-1840314561.
40. ↑ Bernstein, Rachel (2007). "History". http://www.sidecarstudios.com/about.html.
41. ↑ Pereira, Chris (February 23, 2017). "Former BioShock Studio Irrational Games Adopts A New Name". https://www.gamespot.com/articles/former-bioshock-studio-irrational-games-adopts-a-n/1100-6448166/.
42. ↑ Thorsen, Tor (March 7, 2006). "PopTop folded into Firaxis?". https://www.gamespot.com/articles/poptop-folded-into-firaxis/1100-6145569/.
43. ↑ MCV Staff (July 2, 2008). "Venom Games to close?". https://www.mcvuk.com/venom-games-to-close/.

## External links

* Template:Official website

Template:Take-Two Interactive