recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
African Common Toad

***Sclerophrys regularis***, commonly known as the **African common toad**, **square-marked toad**, **African toad**, **Egyptian toad**, **African bouncing toad** (due to the bouncing motion) and **Reuss's toad**, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found widely in the Subsaharan Africa, with its range extending to the oases in Algeria and Libya as well as to northern Nilotic Egypt. Specifically, it is found in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, and Uganda.

## Description

The African common toad is a large sturdy toad with a warty skin. Males grow to a snout-to-vent length of 62 to 91 mm (2.4 to 3.6 in) and females reach 70 to 130 mm (2.8 to 5.1 in). The paratoid glands are large and either parallel or kidney-shaped and the male has a single vocal sac under the chin. The dorsal surface is dark olive-brown with dark patches on the back, often arranged fairly symmetrically, and in younger animals, there is a paler band along the spine. There are smaller dark blotches on the upper lip and the eyelids, and the warts on the flanks are often separated by dark markings. The throats of males are black and the underparts of both sexes are white to beige. The call is a rattling sound made up of two pulses and lasting for about 0.9 second. When threatened, they would bounce to confuse (or escape) predators and would also move through water. They also have webbed hind feet to propel through water.

## Habitat

The African common toad is an abundant species found in both moist and dry savanna, montane grassland, forest margins, and agricultural habitats. It is often found near rivers, where it also breeds. It is not a forest species but in the forest zone it can still be found in degraded habitats and towns (including gardens). In drier areas it is replaced by other species such as *Amietophrynus garmani* and *Amietophrynus xeros*.

## Status

The African common toad is a common species across most of its wide range. It is an adaptable species and the population is stable so the International Union for Conservation of Nature has listed its conservation status as being of least concern. It has sometimes been exploited to the pet trade.

## In captivity

African common toads are popular as pets. Keeping 2 or more will require a minimum of a 20-gallon terrarium.
De Brazza's Monkey

The **De Brazza's monkey** (*Cercopithecus neglectus*) is an Old World monkey endemic to the wetlands of central Africa. It is one of the most widespread African primates that live in forests.

## Description

This guenon has grey agouti fur with a reddish-brown back, black limbs and tail and a white rump. A white stripe runs down its thigh, and an orange crescent-shaped marking appears on its forehead. Its white eyelids match its muzzle and beard. Due to this distinctive appearance, the monkey is sometimes referred to as the "Ayatollah Monkey" after the similarly-bearded Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Both sexes have cheek pouches in which to carry food while they forage, and males have a blue scrotum. De Brazza's monkey is a sexually dimorphic species; males weigh around 7 kilograms, while females weigh around 4 kilograms.

## Diet

Debrazza’s monkeys are omnivores; however, fruits form the most important part of their diet. They also eat flowers, leaves, mushrooms, beetles, termites, worms, and lizards. At the zoo they are offered Monkey Chow, fruits, and vegetables. While foraging, the monkeys store food in their cheek pouches and then eat it later when they are in a safer area.

## Range and Habitat

This widespread species ranges from north-eastern Angola, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni) and Gabon in the west of its range to Uganda, Kenya and south-western Ethiopia in the east. It was formerly believed that the Sanaga River formed the northern boundary in Cameroon, but Maisels *et al.* (2007) extended the current known range for *C. neglectus* 100 km farther north in Cameroon, about 140 km farther south in Gabon, and about 80 km farther west in Congo than was previously known. The surveys were carried out in Cameroon in the Mbam Djerem National Park, in Gabon in the Bateke Plateau National Park, and the adjoining Bateke Plateau area in Congo. *C. neglectus* were found on both sides of the Djerem River in Cameroon, along the Mpassa and its tributaries in Gabon, along the Nambouli River in the Lefini Reserve in Congo, and up to the right bank of the Ogooué River on the Congo side of the border (Maisles *et al*. 2007). Until recently, the species was not known to range east of the Great Rift valley in Kenya, but it has now been recorded in the remote and isolated Mathews Range Forest Reserve of Samburu at an elevation of 2,200 m (the highest elevation at which the species has yet been recorded; Mwenja 2007).

This species is associated with riverine forest habitats. It is found close to rivers in lowland and submontane tropical moist forest, swamp forest, semi-deciduous forest and Acacia dominated forest. They are mainly arboreal. De Brazza’s Monkey is considerably more inconspicuous than most other guenons, rarely using group calls, and generally avoiding living in polyspecific troops (Gautier-Hion and Gautier 1978), and at least in Gabon, northern Congo, the Bateke Plateau and central Cameroon, living in small family parties (Maisels *et al.* 2007); however, it can be found in groups of as many as 35 individuals.
Banded Palm Civet

The **banded palm civet** is a rare species of civet found in the tropical forests across south-east Asia. Banded palm civets were named for their tan and black striped coats which give the banded palm civet more camouflage in the surrounding jungle.

The banded palm civet is found inhabiting the tropical jungles and rainforests throughout much of south-east Asia including Burma and Thailand, and throughout most of Malaysia and Indonesia. Unfortunately, banded palm civets have been drastically affected by increasing deforestation (and therefore habitat loss) in their native regions.

The banded palm civet is widely spread and fairly commonly found throughout much of south-east Asia and despite their cat-like appearance and behaviours, banded palm civets are not felines at all but are in fact more closely related to other small carnivores including weasels and mongooses. The fur of the banded palm civet is one of the most distinctively marked of all civet species.

The banded palm civet is solitary animal that only comes out under the cover of night to hunt and catch food. These nocturnal animals are primarily ground-dwelling and highly territorial. Despite being predominately ground-dwelling though the banded palm civet is known to climb up into the trees either in search of food or to hide from approaching predators.

The banded palm civet is a carnivorous animal, and like other species of civet, it survives on a meat-based diet, supplemented by the odd plant or fruit. Small animals such as rodents, lizards, snakes and frogs make up the majority of the banded palm civet's diet, along with insects and other small creatures scuttling through the under-growth. Banded palm civets are also known to eat the fruits and flowers of palms, mangos and coffee in their natural habitats.

Despite being a secretive yet relatively ferocious predatory animal, the banded palm civet is actually preyed upon by a number of predators within their natural environment. Large predatory cats are the most common predators of the banded palm civet including tigersand leopards along with reptiles such as large snakes and crocodiles.

The female banded palm civet usually gives birth to up to 4 young after a gestation period that lasts for a couple of months. The babies are weaned by their mother until they are strong enough to fend for themselves. Banded palm civets can live for up to 20 years, although most rarely get to be this old.

Today, the banded palm civet is under threat from deforestation and therefore drastic loss of much of its natural habitat. The main reason for such extensive deforestation in the area is either for logging or to clear the land to make way for palm oil plantations.
Butterflyfish

Butterflyfish, with their amazing array of colors and patterns, are among the most common sights on reefs throughout the world.Although some species are dull-colored, most wear intricate patterns with striking backgrounds of blue, red, orange, or yellow. Many have dark bands across their eyes and round, eye-like dots on their flanks to confuse predators as to which end to strike and in which direction they're likely to flee.

There are about 114 species of butterflyfish. They have thin, disk-shaped bodies that closely resemble their equally recognizable cousins, the angelfish. They spend their days tirelessly pecking at coral and rock formations with their long, thin snouts in search of coral polyps, worms, and other small invertebrates. Some butterflyfish species travel in small schools, although many are solitary until they find a partner, with whom they may mate for life.

Their coloration also makes them popular aquarium fish. However, most species feed on coral polyps and sea anemones. Balancing the relative populations of prey and predator is complex, leading hobby aquarists to focus on the few generalists and specialist zooplankton feeders.

Butterflyfishes are pelagic spawners; that is, they release many buoyant eggs into the water, which become part of the plankton, floating with the currents until hatching. The fry go through a tholichthys stage, wherein the body of the postlarval fish is covered in large, bony plates extending from the head. They lose their bony plates as they mature. Only one other family of fish, the scats (Scatophagidae) express such an armored stage.

## Gallery

Animals-united-disneyscreencaps.com-4469.jpg
Cardinal

The northern cardinal is so well loved that it has been named the official bird of no fewer than seven U.S. states. Bright red cardinals are easily identified by even casual bird watchers, and are often seen frequenting backyards and bird feeders. When foraging elsewhere the birds eat insects, seeds, grain, fruit, and sap.

Cardinals, also called "redbirds," do not migrate and have traditionally been more common in warmer climes such as the U.S. southeast. However, in recent decades they have expanded their common range north through the United States and even into Canada. This population growth may be due to an increase in winter birdfeeders and to the bird's ability to adapt to parks and suburban human habitats. Only males sport the brilliant red plumage for which their species is known. The color is a key to mating success—the brighter the better. Females are an attractive tan/gray.

Cardinals are active songbirds and sing a variety of different melodies. Males can be aggressive when defending their territory, and they frequently attack other males who intrude. This tendency sometimes leads cardinals to fly into glass windows, when they charge an "intruding bird" that is really their own reflection.

Cardinals are fairly social and join in flocks that may even include birds of other species. During mating season, however, groups dissolve into pairs. Male birds feed their monogamous partners as they incubate clutches of eggs—typically three per season.
Clydesdale Horse

The Clydesdale is a draft horse breed from Lanarkshire, Scotland, and its name was inspired by the River Clyde. The Clydesdale’s history goes back to the mid-1700s, when native stocks were mated with larger Flemish horses and then selected for use in agriculture and for all types of heavy hauling, including transport through the streets of Glasgow. Clydesdale horses were first exhibited under the breed name in 1826, and the breed was further standardized through the system of hiring out purebred stallions. The Clydesdale Horse Society was formed in 1877, and its breed registry records go back to the 1830s.

The Clydesdale was first imported to North America in the 1840s. The breed’s attractiveness and size led to its use in promotional hitches, such as one sponsored by the Chicago Stockyard Company. In the 1930s, the Anheuser Busch Company of St. Louis, Missouri, began to use a hitch of Clydesdales to celebrate the end of Prohibition and to represent the company’s products. The "Budweiser Clydesdales" were an immediate sensation when they delivered the first post-Prohibition beer to the White House, and the hitch has proven to be one of the most popular and successful advertising symbols of all time. Less well known is the fact that Anheuser Busch has maintained a Clydesdale breeding program since 1953, and that the company’s commitment to the breed during the 1950s and 1960s was critical to its survival in North America.

The Clydesdale combines strength and style. The breed's action is distinctive, with each foot lifted cleanly off the ground so that the bottom of the foot is visible from behind. The forelegs are well planted under the shoulders, the legs are straight, and the feet are durable. Clydesdales should have breadth between the eyes, with a flat facial profile and a wide muzzle. The withers are high, the back short, and the quarters long and well-muscled. The most common color is bay, though black, brown, chestnut, and roan are also seen. The Clydesdale resembles the Shire, and the breeds are related.

As with many breeds of livestock, the Clydesdale has evolved during the 1900s to meet the changing demands of the times. In the early 1900s, the market favored a compact animal. More recently, breeders have selected for a taller horse to be used in fancy hitches and in the show ring. Today’s Clydesdales stand 16.2–18 hands (66–72") at the withers and weigh 1600–1800 pounds. The largest individuals are taller, weighing as much as 2200 pounds.

The North American population of Clydesdale horses had increased steadily for several decades, but a sharp decline began around 2010, prompted by the economic downturn that affected the entire equine market. Globally, the breed is well known but not common, with an estimated global population of less than 5,000 horses.
Armadillos

Armadillos are mammals they live in South America they turn into balls that they are the species of armadillo they like to eat other food they don’t belong in a cartoon like the milky and shake show only the one from 64 zoo lane like Adam he is a armadillo like other armadillos on series 1 called Adam the armadillo and 2 like the monster in the dark and Annie the anaconda and on series 3 like jazz the carnival king Leopoldo the llama and tullah the toucan and on series 4 like Tullahs surprise present do you know armadillos roll
Caiman

A **caimán** is an alligatorid crocodilian belonging to the subfamily **Caimaninae**, one of two primary lineages within Alligatoridae, the other being alligators. Caimans inhabit Central and South America. They are relatively mid-small sized crocodilians, with the smallest being Cuvier's dwarf caiman (*Paleosuchus palpebrosus*), which grows to 1 m (3 ft) long, and the largest being the black caiman (*Melanosuchus niger*), which can grow to  5 m (15 ft) or more. Caimans are distinguished from alligators, their closest (and more widely-known) relatives, by a few defining features: a lack of a bony septum between the nostrils, ventral armor composed of overlapping bony scutes formed from two parts united by a suture, and relatively longer, more slender teeth than those that alligators possess. Several extinct forms are known, including *Purussaurus*, a giant Miocene genus that grew to 12 m (39 ft) and the equally large *Mourasuchus*, which had a wide duck-like snout.

Caimans are found in a variety of habitats throughout Central and South America from marshes and swamps to mangrove rivers and lakes. As with other reptiles, caimans have scaly skin and live a fairly nocturnal existence. Caimans range in size from the dwarf caiman which measures just over a meter in length, to the black caiman which can to grow to be nearly 5 meters long. The black caiman is the largest caiman species in the world and is found in the slow-moving rivers and lakes that surround the Amazon basin.

There are six different species of caiman found throughout the watery, jungle habitats of Central and Southern America. The average length for most of the other caiman species if about 2.5 meters long. The caiman is a carnivorous predators and, like the alligator and the crocodile, the caiman has a diet that consists of a great deal of fish. The caiman also hunts insects, birds and small mammals and reptiles. Due to the large size and ferocious nature of the caiman, it has few natural predators within its environment. Humans are the main predators of the caiman as they have been hunted for their meat and skin. Jaguars are the only other predator of the caiman.

Female caimans build a large nest in which to lay their eggs, which can be more than 1.5 meters wide. Female caimans lay between 10 and 50 eggs which hatch within about 6 weeks. Once they have hatched, the mother caiman takes her young to a shallow pool of water where they can learn how to hunt and swim.

## Gallery

Jaguar Attacking CaimanCaiman Head CamouflageCaiman JumpingCaiman resting in Water
Archangels

Archangels are the results of angels who have reached their prime and achieved a higher status within the Tenshi. Upon progression to an archangel, the character gains the following abilities:

* Improved Advanced Natures - Archangels can mold their chakra into advanced chakra natures, including those considered to be KKG and Kekkei Tota. This enables them to use these chakra natures without needing the prerequisite base nature or without being of a particular clan.

* Light Release - This Kekkei Tota is the result of combining Fire, Lighting and Yin Release. Upon progression to an archangel, the character can manifest Light Release. Archangels are famed for their light-based weaponry and can create a weapon made of light as a standard action. These weapons are considered epic magical weapons with an enhancement bonus of the Archangel's highest level of jutsu or spell. An Archangel's weapons of light deals 10d6 points of untyped damage and ignores all forms of damage reduction. Attacks with weapons of light provide the Archangel with an additional attack as if under the effect of haste. Light release jutsu are automatically quickened when casted and do not count towards the character's limit of quickened casts per turn. Archangel's can cast a total of two light release jutsu in this manner per turn. Against creatures of Evil or Chaotic alignment, an Archangel's light-based attacks deal twice as much damage as usual. Undead creatures are dealt 2.5% as much damage as usual.

* Versatile Master - If an archangel possesses advanced chakra natures, Mastery Feats taken for its base nature also counts towards that advanced nature. Its advanced nature gains +5 to CL on the first Mastery Feat, but each subsequent feat adds +3 instead of +5 to its CL.
Bornean Bearded Pig

The **Bornean bearded pig** (*Sus barbatus*), also known ambiguously as the **bearded pig**, is a species in the pig genus, *Sus.* It can be recognized by its prominent beard. It also sometimes has tassels on its tail. It is found in Southeast Asia—Sumatra, Borneo, the Malay Peninsula, and various smaller islands like in Sulu archipelago. where it inhabits rainforests and mangrove forests. The bearded pig lives in a family. It can reproduce from the age of 18 months, and can be cross-bred with other species in the family Suidae. The San Diego Zoo was the first zoo in the Western Hemisphere to breed them. As of January 2016, it is held in the London Zoo, Berlin Zoo, Hellabrunn Zoo, Gladys Porter Zoo, National Zoo of Malaysia (Zoo Negara), Zoo Taiping, Singapore Zoo, Capital of Texas Zoo, and Southwick's Zoo.

## Subspecies

The two subspecies of this pig are:

* *S. b. barbatus* (the nominate subspecies)
* *S. b. oi* (the western bearded pig)

As traditionally defined, the nominate is from Borneo, and *S. b. oi* is from the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. Genetic evidence suggests this is incorrect, and *S. b. oi* is better limited to Sumatra, leaving bearded pigs from both Borneo and the Malay Peninsula in the nominate subspecies. Those from Bangka Island appear somewhat intermediate between the two subspecies.

The Palawan bearded pig (*Sus ahoenobarbus*) has formerly been considered a subspecies of the bearded pig. However, as indicated by its genetic and morphological distinctness, under the phylogenetic species concept (which does not use subspecies) it needs to be elevated to full species status; while the situation is less clear under other species concepts (as not all *S. barbatus* populations have been restudied in modern times), the presently available information seems to favor full species status for *S. ahoenobarbus* in any case.
Common Shelduck

The **common shelduck** (*Tadorna tadorna*) is a waterfowl species of the shelduck genus, *Tadorna*. It is widespread and common in Eurasia, mainly breeding in temperate and wintering in subtropical regions; in winter, it can also be found in the Maghreb. Its scientific name comes from the French name *Tadorne* for this species. It may originally derive from Celtic roots meaning "pied waterfowl", essentially the same as the English "shelduck".

Fossil bones from Dorkovo (Bulgaria) described as ***Balcanas pliocaenica*** may actually belong to this species. More likely, they are an extinct species of *Tadorna* (if not a distinct genus) due to their Early Pliocene age; the present species is not unequivocally attested from the fossil record until some 2–3 million years later (Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene).

## Description

The common shelduck resembles a small short-necked goose in size and shape. It is a striking bird, with a reddish-pink bill, pink feet, a white body with chestnut patches and a black belly, and a dark green head and neck. The wing coverts are white, the primary remiges black, and the secondaries green (only showing in flight) and chestnut. The underwings are almost entirely white. Sexes are similar, but the female is smaller, with some white facial markings, while the male is particularly crisply coloured in the breeding season, his bill bright red and bearing a prominent knob at the forehead. Ducklings are white, with black cap, hindneck and wing and back patches. Juveniles are similarly coloured, greyish above and mostly white below, but already have the adult's wing pattern.

## Distribution and Habitat

This is a bird which breeds in temperate Eurasia. Most populations migrate to subtropical areas in winter, but this species is largely resident in westernmost Europe, apart from movements to favoured moulting grounds, such as the Wadden Sea on the north German coast. The common shelduck is common around the coastline of Great Britain and Ireland (where it is simply known as shelduck), where it frequents salt marshes and estuaries. It frequently nests in rabbit burrows. Sightings of this bird are rare in North America and are reported as infrequent visitors to the U.S. and Canada.

## Behavior

Moulting flocks can be very large (100,000 on the Wadden Sea), since most pairs leave their partially grown young in a crèche with just one or two adults. This species is mainly associated with lakes and rivers in open country, breeding in rabbit burrows, tree holes, haystacks or similar. In winter it is common on suitable estuaries and tidal mudflats as well. This bird is one of the species to which the *Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds* (AEWA) applies. The young will dive under water to avoid predators and the adults will fly away from them to act as a decoy.
Breath of Cleansing

Level: 4

Duration: 1 round

Saving Throw: None (normal)

Normal: With a word, magical breath passes from your mouth to another creature affl icted with harmful magic, granting him another chance to resist.

Your utterance fills your target with a breath of living magic, granting him the ability to make a second attempt to save against an ongoing spell, spell-like ability, or supernatural ability. This save is made at the same DC. If the subject succeeds on the saving throw on the second attempt, the effect ends immediately. Breath of cleansing never restores hit points or ability score damage, but it does eliminate any conditions, such as shaken, fatigued, or nauseated, that were caused by

the spell, spell-like ability, or supernatural ability. The breath of cleansing is magical and thus affects even creatures that don’t ordinarily breathe.

Reverse: This gurgling word sounds like burbling sewage, evoking feelings of illness in your target.

The reversed utterance fills your target with caustic, toxic air. The target of this utterance is nauseated.
Brown Bear

***Brown Bears are mammals they have brown fur they live in north America they like forest and tundra they eat fish berries and roots they hunt animals like wolves moose and bison they like to be in caves to hibernate they from in a cartoon like little lodgers called brown bear in episodes like the camera hungry bear and photograph in episode 2 and Mickey Mouse clubhouse like the brown bear in episodes like the clubhouse carnival goofys petting zoo and mickeys camp out and ma cli bo brown bear from ma cli bo do you think Brown bears are scary***
Australian Buffalo

The **Australian buffalo** also known as the **Australian swamp buffalo** is a feral breed of water buffalo found in the Northern Territory.

## History

This feral breed is a descendant of water buffaloes brought to the Northern Territory from Timor, Kisar and other islands of Indonesia between 1824 and 1849.

## Industry

Today the Australian buffalo is kept on farms in both New South Wales and the Northern Territory itself, some water buffaloes are exported to Indonesia and Vietnam as livestock for meat.
Earth Release: Double Suicide Decapitation Technique

Ninjutsu (Elemental Type); Genjutsu; Taijutsu Edit ====

 Saving Throw

This technique conceals the user underground and drags the object of their attack down into the earth, robbing them of their freedom, leaving them completely unable to move after they're underground. In addition, they can start another attack. This technique is normally used for torture, by cutting into the enemy's neck after it was used.
Black Widow Spider

Black widows are notorious spiders identified by the colored, hourglass-shaped mark on their abdomens. Several species answer to the name, and they are found in temperate regions around the world.

**Venom**

This spider's bite is much feared because its venom is reported to be 15 times stronger than a rattlesnake's. In humans, bites produce muscle aches, nausea, and a paralysis of the diaphragm that can make breathing difficult; however, contrary to popular belief, most people who are bitten suffer no serious damage—let alone death. But bites can be fatal—usually to small children, the elderly, or the infirm. Fortunately, fatalities are fairly rare; the spiders are nonaggressive and bite only in self-defense, such as when someone accidentally sits on them.

**Mating Ritual**

The animals most at risk from the black widow's bite are insects—and male black widow spiders. Females sometimes kill and eat their counterparts after mating in a macabre behavior that gave the insect its name. Black widows are solitary year-round except during this violent mating ritual.

**Webs and Feeding**

These spiders spin large webs in which females suspend a cocoon with hundreds of eggs. Spiderlings disperse soon after they leave their eggs, but the web remains. Black widow spiders also use their webs to ensnare their prey, which consists of flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers, beetles, and caterpillars. Black widows are comb-footed spiders, which means they have bristles on their hind legs that they use to cover their prey with silk once it has been trapped.

To feed, black widows puncture their insect prey with their fangs and administer digestive enzymes to the corpses. By using these enzymes, and their gnashing fangs, the spiders liquefy their prey's bodies and suck up the resulting fluid.
American Black bear

American black bears are mammals that had black fur they live in North America they eat blueberries fro lunch they have baby ones called Cubs the one is in a cartoon like black bear from the little lodgers the black bear from the Mickey Mouse clubhouse and the ma cli bo black bear is from ma cli bo circus do you think black bears are quite scary
Cinnamon Roller

The **cinnamon roller** (*Eurystomus glaucurus*), also known as the **broad-billed roller**, is a member of the roller family of birds which breeds across tropical Africa and Madagascar in all but the driest regions. It is a wet season breeder, which migrates from the northern and southern areas of its range towards the moister equatorial belt in the dry season.

The cinnamon roller is 29–30 cm in length. It has a warm back and head, lilac foreneck and breast, with the rest of the plumage mainly brown. The broad bill is bright yellow. Sexes are similar, but the juvenile is a drabber version of the adult, with a pale breast. Cinnamon roller is striking in its strong direct flight, with the brilliant blues of the wings and tail contrasting with the brown back.

This is a species of open woodland with some tall trees, preferably near water. These rollers often perch prominently on trees, posts or overhead wires, like giant shrikes. They are inactive for most of the day, apart from chasing intruders, but in late afternoon they hunt for the swarming ants and termites on which they feed, sometimes in groups of 100 or more rollers. They drink like swallows, dipping their bills into water in flight.

This bird nests in an unlined hole in a tree cavity, laying 2-3 eggs. The call of cinnamon roller is a snarling *k-k-k-k-k-r-r-r-r-r* sound.
Baboons

Baboons are large monkeys they live in Africa they like Savannah’s they eat bark and fruit they climb trees they live in groups and they make sounds they remove dirt and bugs and they keep them clean they have enemies like cheetahs and lions baboons from in a cartoon like tinga tinga tales and little Einstein’s do you think baboons are mammals
Blue-Tongued Skink

**Blue-tongued skinks** comprise the Australasian genus ***Tiliqua***, which contains some of the largest members of the skink family (Scincidae). They are commonly called **blue-tongued lizards** or simply **blue-tongues** in Australia. As suggested by these common names, a prominent characteristic of the genus is a large blue tongue that can be bared as a bluff-warning to potential enemies. Blue-tongued skinks are also bred in captivity and sold as house pets.

## Systematics and Distribution

Blue-tongued skinks are closely related to the genus *Cyclodomorphus* and *Hemisphaeriodon*. All species are found on mainland Australia with the exception of *Tiliqua gigas*, which occurs in New Guinea and various islands of Indonesia. One subspecies of *Tiliqua scincoides* is also found on several small Indonesian islands between Australia and New Guinea. *Tiliqua nigrolutea* is the only species present in Tasmania. With the exception of the pygmy blue-tongue, they are relatively large lizards (up to 45 cm total length), light-bodied, short-limbed, broad with distinct heads and dull teeth.

## Ecology

Most species are diurnal, ground-foraging omnivores, feeding on a wide variety of insects, gastropods, flowers, fruits and berries. The pygmy blue-tongue is again the exception, being primarily an ambush predator of terrestrial arthropods. All are viviparous, with litter sizes ranging from one to four in the pygmy blue-tongue and shingleback from five to twenty four in the eastern and northern blue-tongues.

## Gallery

Indonesian Blue-Tongue SkinkCentralian Blue-Tongued SkinkBlotched Blue-Tongued SkinkWestern Blue-Tongued SkinkShinglebackAustralian Blue-Tonuged SkinkIrian Jaya Blue-Tongue Skink
Chipmunk

**Chipmunks** are small, striped rodents of the family Sciuridae. Chipmunks are found in North America, with the exception of the Siberian chipmunk which is found primarily in Asia.

## Taxonomy and systematics

Chipmunks may be classified either as a single genus, *Tamias*, or as three genera: *Tamias*, which includes the eastern chipmunk; *Eutamias*, which includes the Siberian chipmunk; and *Neotamias*, which includes the 23 remaining, mostly western, species. These classifications are arbitrary, and most taxonomies over the twentieth century have placed the chipmunks in a single genus. However, studies of mitochondrial DNA show that the divergence between each of the three chipmunk groups is comparable to the genetic dissimilarity between *Marmota* and *Spermophilus*. The genus name *Tamias* is Greek for "treasurer", "steward", or "housekeeper", which is a reference to the animals' role in plant dispersal through their habit of collecting and storing food for winter use.

## Diet

Chipmunks have an omnivorous diet primarily consisting of seeds, nuts and other fruits, and buds. They also commonly eat grass, shoots, and many other forms of plant matter, as well as fungi, insects and other arthropods, small frogs, worms, and bird eggs. Around humans, chipmunks can eat cultivated grains and vegetables, and other plants from farms and gardens, so they are sometimes considered pests. Chipmunks mostly forage on the ground, but they climb trees to obtain nuts such as hazelnuts and acorns. At the beginning of autumn, many species of chipmunk begin to stockpile nonperishable foods for winter. They mostly cache their foods in a larder in their burrows and remain in their nests until spring, unlike some other species which make many small caches of food. Cheek pouches allow chipmunks to carry food items to their burrows for either storage or consumption.

## Gallery

Chipmunk Mouth FullBrother BearBambiSnow White and the Seven DwarfsPocahontasTotal Drama
Arunachal Macaque

The **Arunachal macaque** (*Macaca munzala*), a relatively large brown primate with a comparatively short tail, is a macaque native to Arunachal Pradesh in northeastern India. Its species name comes from *munzala* ("monkey of the deep forest") as it was called by the Dirang Monpa tribe.

## Discovery

It was discovered as a new taxon in 1997 by the noted Indian primatologist Anwaruddin Choudhury, but he thought it to be a new subspecies of Tibetan (or Père David's) macaque. It was described as a new species in 2004, when a group of scientists from the Nature Conservation Foundation, India reported it. It is the first species of macaque to have been discovered since 1903, when the Indonesian Paga iIsland macaque was discovered. This monkey was reported on the basis of a good quality photograph as the holotype. In 2011, some researchers suggested, on the basis of morphological variation within the Assamese macaque, that it might be better treated as a subspecies. Subsequently, it was also discovered in Bhutan, where it was observed and photographed in the Trashi Yangshi area in 2006.

## Description

The Arunachal macaque is compactly built and has a very dark face. It lives at high altitudes, between 2000 m and 3500 m above sea level, making it one of the highest-dwelling primates. It belongs to the *M. sinica* species-group of macaques, along with the Assamese macaque (*M. assamensis*), the Tibetan macaque (*M. thibetana*), the bonnet macaque (*M. radiata*) and the toque macaque (*M. sinica*).

## Taxonomy

The Arunachal macaque is apparently physically similar to the Assam and Tibetan macaques, while genetically closely related to the bonnet macaque of southern India. This is probably the result of convergent evolution, where organisms evolve similar physical features due to similar environmental selection pressure, while genetically they may have different origins. However, its full specific status is not beyond doubt and further research might show it to be a new subspecies of Assamese or Tibetan macaques.

This monkey is severely persecuted in some parts of its known distribution by locals retaliating against crop raiding. Recent surveys suggest that this species may be highly endangered in some parts of Arunachal Pradesh.
Black Swan

The **Black Swan** is a large, black waterfowl native to Australia. They are easily recognizable because of their dark feathers, known as plumage, and their bright red beak. Their unique coloration makes them a popular choice for zoos and gardens. This species is part of the genus *Cygnus*, which also contains other swan species like the Mute Swan, Trumpeter Swan, and more. Read on to learn about the *black swan*.

## Description

Like most swans, this species has a characteristic “S” shaped neck and a large body. Black swans have one of the longest necks of all swan species relative to their size. They are large birds, with a wingspan of 6 feet or more, and a maximum weight of 20 pounds. These graceful birds commonly use their long wings in territorial or aggressive displays. While swimming, the birds will lift their wings off their backs to make them look larger and more intimidating to predators or rivals.

## Habits and Lifestyle

The *Black Swan* may be found on its own but they also often form loose groups consisting of several hundred or sometimes thousands of birds. They usually move in a group called a flock, sometimes nest in colonies and are the least territorial of swan species. When food is scarce they are nomadic but otherwise they are sedentary. They travel at night and feed at dusk, but most of their activity is during the daytime. They are strong fliers, travelling together in a line or V shape, beating their wings slowly, which makes whistling noises. On the water as well as in flight, the *black swan* makes a range of high-pitched, musical, bugling, baying or trumpeting calls. They have also been heard to make a variety of softer crooning notes. If disturbed while nesting they tend to make a whistling sound.

## Diet and Nutrition

The *Black Swan*, like all swans, is herbivorous, feeding on vegetation both in the water or in pastures or when on farm land. Common aquatic plants they feed on include algae, typha, potamogeton, myriophyllum and ruppia. Occasionally they will eat insects.

## Mating Habits

Black swans are monogamous and often have the same mate for life. They are territorial and remain in solitary pairs during mating but occasionally mate in colonies. February through September is the breeding season. Usually the female swan makes a nest from sticks, debris and dead leaves into a mound floating on the water. She lays 5 to 6 eggs, one day apart. Incubation starts once all the eggs are laid and lasts 35 to 48 days. Males help with incubation. The cygnets are precocial, though they are brooded in the nest after hatching for a period of 2 to 3 weeks. They fledge between 150 to 170 days old. Black swans can fly at about 6 months old and stay with their family group for about 9 months. They reach sexual maturity within 18 to 36 months.
African Hawk-Eagle

The **African hawk-eagle** (*Aquila spilogaster*) is a large bird of prey. Like all eagles, it belongs to the family *Accipitridae*. The African hawk-eagle breeds in tropical Sub-Saharan Africa. It is a bird of wooded hills, building a stick nest about 3 feet (almost 1 metre) in diameter in the fork of a large tree.

## Description

African Hawk-Eagle is a large bird of prey. Adult has black upperparts. Flight feathers are black. Primaries show broad white bases. Secondaries present narrow pale grey bars. Tail is black. Underparts are white on throat and foreneck. We can se conspicuous black stripes on upper breast, underwing coverts and flanks. Lower belly and vent are white. Undertail is white, finely barred with dark, and with broad black terminal band. It has a broad black trailing edge. On the head, crown and ear coverts are black. Hooked bill is black with yellowish cere. Eyes are deep yellow. Feathered legs are white. Long bare feet are greenish yellow.

Both adults are similar in plumage, but female is larger than male, and she is more heavily streaked on underparts than male. Juvenile has dark brown upperparts with pale rufous and white bars on wing coverts and scapular bases.
Underparts are rufous, with brown streaks on breast and coverts. Underwing is rufous, juveniles have duller wing and tail patterns than adults. It lacks the broad black trailing edges of adults. Juvenile also have rufous eyebrows, ears and throat.

## Range and Habitat

African Hawk-Eagle lives in open woodlands and scrubs, where it can find rocky cliffs and wooded streams. It may be found mainly up to 1500 metres of elevation, but sometimes up to 3000 metres. It avoids arid regions, preferring dry countries and savannah bush-veld. African Hawk-Eagle breeds and is widespread in tropical sub-Saharan Africa.

## Behavior

African Hawk-Eagle is a secretive bird of prey, often seen alone, but also sometimes in pairs, mainly when perched on exposed dead branch, or soaring high in the sky, or flying low over the ground, searching for prey. African Hawk-Eagle searches for prey while flying, but also from a perch. It may catch preys taking them from the ground, or performing a dashing aerial pursuit. It hunts mainly birds as francolins, and small mammals. It may hunt as a giant eagle with combined surprise and dash technique.

## Reproduction

African Hawk-Eagle breeds in wooded hills, usually from May to July. It builds a large bowl-shaped nest of about one metre in diameter. Nest is located in a fork, in a tall tree, along wooded river banks. It is made with sticks.
Female lays one or two eggs. Incubation lasts about 43 to 44 days, shared by both parents. Only the strongest chick is reared if there is more of one egg.

## Diet

African Hawk-Eagle feeds mainly on birds (as francolin), small mammals and reptiles.
African Wild Ass

African wild asses have a fluid social arrangement and often form temporary aggregations of one or both sexes, which last no more than a few months and can contain as many as 50 individuals. Mature males however, tend to occupy large territories that are often situated around a water supply; these allow them to attain access to any receptive females passing through the area. Other males form bachelor groups and females may group with other females or with their own offspring. Mares tend to produce one foal every two years and births occur during the wet season.

Active in the cool of dawn and dusk, African wild asses seek shade in the heat of the day and are able to survive without water for a few days at a time. These grazers eat a variety of grasses and herbs, and in captivity have been known to live for 40 years.

## Description

The African wild ass *(Equus africanus)* is the ancestor of the domestic donkey, and has a similar stocky body shape. The short, smooth coat is a light grey to fawn colour, fading to white on the undersides and legs. Both subspecies have a dark stripe across their back and the Somali wild ass (*E.a.somalicus*) also has horizontally striped legs like those of a zebra. The ears are large and bordered by black whilst the thick, upright mane is also black at the tip.

## Habitat and Range

The African wild ass inhabits arid areas such as hill and stony deserts, semi-arid bushlands and grasslands, where there is access to surface water.

Previously found across northern Africa, from the Atlas Mountains of Morocco to Sudan and Somalia. Today, the African wild ass is restricted to scattered populations in Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia and is regionally extinct in Egypt and Sudan.

## Threats and Conservation

African wild asses have been captured for domestication for centuries and this, together with interbreedingbetween wild and domestic animals, has caused a distinct decline in population numbers. There are now only a few hundred individuals left in the wild and the species is under threat of extinction. These animals are hunted for food and for traditional medicine in both Ethiopia and Somalia, where recent civil unrest has led to an increased number of weapons in circulation. Competition with domestic livestock for grazing, and restricted access to water supplies caused by agricultural developments, pose further threats to the survival of this species.

The African wild ass is legally protected in the countries within which it is currently found, although these measures often prove difficult to enforce. More effective protection measures need to be adopted if the status of this species is to improve. A protected population of the Somali wild ass exists in the Yotvata Hai-Bar (Wildlife Preserve) Nature Reserve in Israel, to the north of Elat. This reserve was established in 1968 with the view to bolster populations of endangered desert species. Populations of horses and asses are fairly resilient, and if the species is properly protected it may well recover from its current low.
Borneo Forest Dragon

***Gonocephalus bornensis***, the **Borneo anglehead lizard** or **Borneo forest dragon**, is an agamid lizard endemic to Borneo in Indonesia and Malaysia, and known from Sabah, Kinabalu, Brunei, Sarawak and Kalimantan.

## Description

Moderately long (SVL up to 136 mm). Males generally larger than females (SVL= 118-136 vs. 90–130 mm; Tail Length=261-310 vs. 215–275 mm). Circular border on supercilium. Tympanum rather small. Weakly granular dorsum with a prominent lanceolate crest starting on neck and terminating on lower back. Tail is almost cylindrical. Sub-adult males are generally brown, olive and green on dorsum with laterals, often with dark reticulations. Adult males are predominantly male with indistinct reticulation. Iris deep brown or light blue. Females rust red dorolaterally with oval spots formed from reticulations on the sides of body.

## Distribution

Is endemic to Borneo. Found commonly in Mt. Kinabalu, Poring Hot Spring in Sabah, also found in Brunei, Sarawak and Kalimantan.

## Ecology and Natural History

Found in primary and secondary rainforests up to 700 m a.s.l. Arboreal in habit, they live in tree trunks and on lianas often near streams. They deposit eggs in a small burrow dug on soil. Up to four eggs (length 22 mm each) are laid per clutch at intervals of three months.
Blue Spotted Stingray

The **Blue Spotted Stingray** (*Neotrygon Kuhlii*) or **Kuhl's stingray**, is a species of stingray of the *Dasyatidae* family. It was changed *Dasyatis Kuhlii* from in 2008 after morphological and molecular analyses show that it is part of a distinct genus, Neotrygon. The body is rhomboidal and colored green with blue spots. Maximum disk width is estimated 46.5 centimeters (18.3 in). It is popular in aquaria but usually not distinguished from the blue spotted stingray. The Ribbontail has a rounded body, is a brighter green with brighter blue and more vivid spots, but the blue spotted stingray is larger. The stingray's lifespan is estimated thirteen years of age for females and ten years for males. The blue spotted stingray preys on many fish and small mollusks. The blue spotted stingray is also generally found from Indonesia to Japan, and most of Australia. The blue spotted stingray is also targeted by many parasites such as tapeworms, flatworms, and flukes.

## Gallery

A blue spotted stingray hiding in the sand.