Romance

The Romance languages (also called the Latin languages, though less commonly) are the languages descended from Vulgar Latin. Although technically in the [[Italic language family, they have been classified separately because of the deadness of the other branches and the alive nature of the Romance languages. They are more similar to each other than they are to Latin, but the languages most similar are, in order, Sardinian, Italian, and Spanish, with the furthest away being French. Most of the languages are part of a dialect continuum, and they are mainly based on a certain dialect of an important city.

## Subdivisions

The sub-languages groups of Romance are (none of these are rigid):

* Eastern Romance
	+ Aromanian
		- Farsherot
		- Gopeshean
		- Gramostian
		- Muscoplean
		- Muzekean
		- Olympian
		- Pindian
	+ Istro-Romanian
	+ Megleno-Romanian
		- Central Megleno-Romanian
		- Northern Megleno-Romanian
		- Tsarnarekan (Karpian)
	+ Romanian
		- Banat
		- Bukovinian
		- Crișana
		- Maramureș
		- Moldavian
		- Transylvania
		- Wallachian
* Gallo-Italic
	+ Emilian
		- Bolognese Emilian
	+ Ligurian
	+ Lombard
		- Milanese Lombard
	+ Piedmontese
	+ Romagnol
* Gallo-Romance
	+ Franco-Provençal (Arpitan)
		- Dauphinois
		- Faetar
		- Jurassien
		- Lyonnais
		- Savoyard
		- Valdôtain
		- Vaudois
	+ Langues d’oïl (French)
		- Armorican
			* Angevin
			* Gallo
			* Manceau
			* Mayennais
			* Percheron
			* Sarthois
			* Southern Norman
		- Burgundian
			* Bourguignon
			* Franc-Comtois
		- Francien
			* Berrichon
			* Bourbonnais
			* Orléanais
			* Standard French
			* Tourangeau
			* Western Champenois
		- Frankish
			* Eastern Champenois
			* Lorrain
			* Norman
			* Picard
			* Walloon
		- Poitevin-Saintongeais
			* Poitevin
			* Saintongeais
* Ibero-Romance
	+ Amazonic Spanish
	+ Aragonese
		- Agüero
		- Aínsa-Sobrarbe
		- Aísa
		- Alguezra
		- Almudévar
		- Angüés
		- Ansó
		- Ayerbe
		- Balbastro
		- Benás
		- Benasquese
		- Berdúnese
		- Bielsa
		- Biescas
		- Bisagorri
		- Bolea
		- Broto
		- Campo
		- Chaca
		- Chasa
		- Estadilla
		- Graus
		- Hecho
		- Labata
		- Lierta
		- Nabalese
		- Nevalese
		- Nozito
		- Panticosa
		- Perarrúan
		- Pertusan
		- Plan
		- Rasalese
		- Ribagorza
		- Torlaese
		- Uescan
		- Yebraese
	+ Asturian
		- Central Asturian
		- Eastern Asturian
		- Extremeño
		- Galician-Asturian
		- Leonese
		- Montañés
		- Western Asturian
	+ Extremaduran
		- Central Extremaduran
		- High Extremaduran
		- Low Extremaduran
	+ Fala
	+ Galician
		- Bergantiños
		- Eastern Transitional
		- Finisterre
		- Lucu-Auriensis
		- Mindoniensis
		- Pontevedra
	+ Ladino (Judeo-Spanish)
	+ Mirandese
		- Border Mirandese
		- Central Mirandese
		- Sendinese
	+ Mozarabic-(E/A)
	+ Portuguese
		- Alentejano
		- Algarvio
		- Angolano
		- Arco do Desflorestamento (Serra Amazônica)
		- Baiano
		- Barranquian
		- Beirão
		- Brasiliense
		- Caipira
		- Cabo Verdiano
		- Carioca
		- Cearense (Costa Norte)
		- Damaense
		- Estremenho
		- Florianopolitano
		- Fluminense
		- Gaúcho
		- Goês
		- Guineense
		- Macaense
		- Madeirense
		- Micaelense
		- Mineiro
		- Minhoto
		- Moçambicano
		- Nordestino
		- Nortista (Amazofonia
		- Paulistano
		- Portuense
		- Recifense
		- Riverense
		- Santomense
		- Sulista
		- Timorense
		- Transmontano
	+ Spanish
		- Altiplano
		- Amazónico
		- Andalusian
		- Andino
		- Aragonese Spanish
		- Bajacaliforniense
		- Bajío
		- Bonaerense
		- Canary Islands
		- Chiapaneco
		- Coarse
		- Cordobés
		- Costeño
		- Cuyano
		- Eastern Andalusian
		- Ecuatorial
		- Guaranítico
		- La Mancha
		- Litoraleño
		- Murcian
		- Norteño
		- Norteño del Este
		- Norteño del Oeste
		- Occidental Mexican Spanish
		- Patagónico
		- Puntano
		- Sureño
		- Yucateco
* Italo-Dalmatian
	+ Corsican
		- Ajaccio
		- Alta Rocca
		- Bastelica
		- Bastia
		- Bonifacio
		- Cap Corse
		- Capraiese
		- Castellanese
		- Cinarca
		- Cismontani
		- Fiumorbo
		- Gallurese
		- Gravona
		- Oltramontani
		- Sartène
		- Sassarese
		- Solenzara
		- Taravese
		- Western Elban
	+ Dalmatian
		- Ragusan
		- Vegliot
	+ Istriot-N
	+ Italian
		- Central Italian
		- Marchigiano
		- Romanesco
		- Sabino
		- Tuscia (Viterbo)
		- Umbrian
	+ Neapolitan
		- Campano
		- Lucano
		- Marchigiano
		- Molisano
		- Pugliese
	+ Romanesco
	+ Sicilian
		- Castelmezzano
		- Cilentano
		- Salentino
		- Verbicarese
	+ Tuscan
		- Aretino-Chianaiolo
		- Corsican
		- Fiorentino
		- Grossentano
		- Isulanu (Maddaleninu)
		- Lucchese
		- Pisano-Livornese
		- Pistoiese
		- Pesciatino (Valdinievolese)
		- Senese
		- Viareggino
	+ Venetian
		- Versiliese
* Occitano-Romance
	+ Catalan
		- Valencian-P
		- Classical Catalan \*
	+ Gascon
		- Aranese
	+ Occitan (Langues d’oc)
		- Auvergnat
		- Judeo-Occitan-E (Shuadit-E)
		- Languedocian
		- Limousin
		- Niçard
		- Provençal
		- Vivaro-Alpine
* Rhaeto-Romance
	+ Friulian
	+ Ladin
		- Dolomitic Ladin
	+ Romansh
		- Puter
		- Rumantsch Grischun
		- Surmiran
		- Sursilvan
		- Sutsilvan
		- Vallader
* Sardinian
	+ Sardinian
		- Campidanese
		- Logudorese
		- Nuorese

## Gallo-Romance

The Gallo-Romance languages are French, as well as the languages closely related to it\*, and Franco-Provençal. Sometimes, the Occitano-Romance language Occitan and Gascon are considered in the same group, while Catalan tends to be placed with the Iberian Romance languages, like Spanish and Portuguese, since it took a lot of Spanish loanwords, but this isn’t extremely common, since it is similar to Occitan and Gascon more than to the Iberian Romance languages. The Gallo-Italian and Rhaeto-Romance languages are also included sometimes, including Ligurian, Romagnol, and Romansh.

The Gallo-Romance languages have the most changes from Vulgar Latin, but by other metrics, they are somewhat conservative, as many of them retain an, albeit reduced, case system (nominative and oblique), as well as irregular forms.

### Changes in Vocabulary

Gallo-Romance languages lost their final unstressed vowels, with the exception of /a/,\* as well as the reduction of unstressed vowels in the middle of words. To my knowledge, all of the Romance languages have lost their length distinctions, but some have reevolved it, like French did with the lenition of certain consonants (bad spelling, but *bête* and *beste* are distinguished by vowel length). /u/ is also typically fronted to /y/, and they tend to palatalize /k/ and /g/ to /tʃ/ and /dʒ/ instead of /ts/ and /dz/.

### Subdivisions

#### Natural Descendents

* Franco-Provençal (Arpitan)
	+ Dauphinois
	+ Faetar
	+ Jurassien
	+ Lyonnais
	+ Savoyard
	+ Valdôtain
	+ Vaudois
* Langues d’oïl (French)
	+ Armorican
		- Angevin
		- Gallo
		- Manceau
		- Mayennais
		- Percheron
		- Sarthois
		- Southern Norman
	+ Burgundian
		- Bourguignon
		- Franc-Comtois
	+ Francien
		- Berrichon
		- Bourbonnais
		- Orléanais
		- Standard French
		- Tourangeau
		- Western Champenois
	+ Frankish
		- Eastern Champenois
		- Lorrain
		- Norman
		- Picard
		- Walloon
	+ Poitevin-Saintongeais
		- Poitevin
		- Saintongeais

#### Creoles and Pidgins

* Antillean
* Haitian
* Louisiana (?)
* Mauritian
* Réunion
* Seychellois