Plants

**Dollyphyton**

**Nematophyta**

**Zosterophyllum**

**Cooksonia**

**Edwardsiphyton**

**Prototaxites**

## **Upcoming:**

**Permian plants:**

Alethopteris [early] (Pteridosperm tree, seed method)

Baiera (Ginkgo plant, fruits)

Bjuvia [late] (Cycad, cones)

Brachyphyllum (Conifer tree, cones)

Callistophytales [early] (Pteridosperm vine, seed method)

Cordaites (Conifer tree, cones)

Emplectopteris (Pteridosperm shrub, seed method)

Gangamopteris (Pteridosperm tree, seed method)

Gigantopterid (Pteridosperm shrub, seed method)

‘Field Horsetail’ (Horsetail plant, spore method)

‘Giant Horsetail’ (Horsetail shrub, spore method)

‘Water Horsetail’ (Horsetail water plant, spore method)

‘Wood Horsetail’ (Horsetail plant, spore method)

Isoetes [analogues to modern species] (Lycophyte water plant, spore method)

Lepidodendron [early] (Lycophyte tree, spore method)

Liknopetalon (fern epiphyte plant, spore method)

Marattia (fern plant, spore method)

Medullosales [early] (Pteridosperm shrub, seed method)

Neocalamites (Horsetail water shrub, spore method)

Noeggerathiales (Shrub, spore method)

Nystroemia (Ginkgo plant, fruits)

Odontopteris [early] (Pteridosperm vine, seed method)

Palaeognetaleana (Gnetale vine, fruits)

Palaeostachya [early] (Horsetail plant, spore method)

Podozamites (Conifer tree, cones)

Polyspermophyllum (Ginkgo plant, fruits)

Psaronius (Fern tree, spore method)

Pterophyllum [?possibly late Permian] (Bennettitales, shrub, seed method)

Quasistrobus (Pteridosperm plant, seed method)

Schizoneura [late] (Horsetail plant, spore method)

Selaginella (Lycophyte mat-forming, spore method)

Sigillaria [early] (Lycophyte tree, spore method)

Climbing Sphenophyllales [early] (Horsetail vine, spore method)

Scrambling Sphenophyllales [early] (Horsetail plant, spore method)

Sphenopteris [uncommon] (Pteridosperm plant, seed method)

Tietea (Fern tree, spore method)

Tmesipteris (Fern epiphyte, spore method)

Trichopitys (Ginkgo plant, fruits)

Utrechtia (Conifer tree, cones)

Walchia (Conifer tree, cones)

Zygopteridaceae (Fern tree, spore method)

**Triassic plants:**

Aethophyllum (Conifer shrub, cones)

Alpia (Conifer tree, cones)

Antarcticycas (Cycad, cones)

Araucarioxylon (Conifer tree, cones)

Baiera (Ginkgo plant, fruits)

Bjuvia (Cycad, cones)

Brachyphyllum (Conifer tree, cones)

Caytoniales (seed-bearing plant, seed method)

Clathropteris (fern plant, spore method)

Dicroidium (Pteridosperm shrub, seed method)

Dictyophyllum (fern plant, spore method)

Equisetites (Horsetail shrub, spore method)

Furcula (Pteridosperm plant, seed method)

‘Field Horsetail’ (Horsetail plant, spore method)

‘Giant Horsetail’ (Horsetail shrub, spore method)

‘Water Horsetail’ (Horsetail water plant, spore method)

‘Wood Horsetail’ (Horsetail plant, spore method)

Isoetes [analogues to modern species] (Lycophyte water plant, spore method)

Ladinia (Cycad, cones)

Lepidopteris (Pteridosperm plant, seed method)

Leptocycas (Cycad, cones)

Marattia (fern plant, spore method)

Neocalamites (Horsetail water shrub, spore method)

Neuropteridium (fern plant, spore method)

Nilssonia (Cycad, cones)

Pachypteris [late] (Pteridosperm water shrub, seed method)

Pleuromeia [early] (Lycophyte shrub, spore method)

Podozamites (Conifer tree, cones)

‘Primaeval Podocarp’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Pterophyllum (Bennettitales, shrub, seed method)

Sahnioxylon (Bennettitales, shrub, seed method)

Schizoneura (Horsetail plant, spore method)

Sciadopitys [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Scytophyllum (Pteridosperm plant, seed method)

Selaginella (Lycophyte mat-forming, spore method)

Sphenopteris (Pteridosperm plant, seed method)

Tmesipteris (Fern epiphyte, spore method)

Wachtleria (Fern plant, spore method)

Zamites (Bennettitales, shrub, seed method)

Zygopteridaceae (Fern tree, spore method)

**Jurassic plants:**

Agathis [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Araucaria ‘Monkey Puzzle’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Araucaria mirabilis ‘Ancient Araucaria’ (Conifer tree, cones)

Araucaria bidwilli ‘Bunya Araucaria’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Araucaria columnaris ‘Columnar Araucaria’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Baiera (Ginkgo plant, fruits)

Brachyphyllum (Conifer tree, cones)

Caytoniales (seed-bearing plant, seed method)

Clathropteris (fern plant, spore method)

Claytosmunda (fern plant, spore method)

Coniopteris (fern shrub, spore method)

Ctenis (Cycad, cones)

Cycadeoidea (Bennettitales, shrub, seed method)

Cycas [analogues to modern species] (Cycad, cones)

Czekanowskia (Ginkgo tree, fruits)

Dicksonia (fern tree, spore method)

Dictyophyllum (fern plant, spore method)

Dioon [analogues to modern species] (Cycad, cones)

Equisetites (Horsetail shrub, spore method)

Ephedra (Gnetale plant, fruits)

Ginkgo (Ginkgo tree, fruits)

‘Field Horsetail’ (Horsetail plant, spore method)

‘Giant Horsetail’ (Horsetail shrub, spore method)

‘Water Horsetail’ (Horsetail water plant, spore method)

‘Wood Horsetail’ (Horsetail plant, spore method)

Isoetes [analogues to modern species] (Lycophyte water plant, spore method)

Komlopteris (Pteridosperm tree, seed method)

Marattia (fern plant, spore method)

Matonia (fern plant, spore method)

Nilssonia (Cycad, cones)

Nilssoniocladus (Cycad vine, cones)

Osmunda (Fern plant, spore method)

Osmundastrum ‘Cinnamon Fern’ (Fern plant, spore method)

Pachypteris (Pteridosperm water shrub, seed method)

Pararaucaria (Conifer tree, cones)

Pentoxylalaes (Pteridosperm tree, seed method)

Podozamites (Conifer tree, cones)

‘Primaeval Pine’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

‘Primaeval Podocarp’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

‘Primaeval Spruce’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

‘Primaeval Yew’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Pterophyllum (Bennettitales, shrub, seed method)

Sahnioxylon (Bennettitales, shrub, seed method)

Sciadopitys [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Selaginella (Lycophyte mat-forming, spore method)

Sequoia / Sequoiadendron ‘Redwood’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Sphenopteris (Pteridosperm plant, seed method)

Tmesipteris (Fern epiphyte, spore method)

Tyrmia (Bennettitales, small shrub, seed method)

Umaltolepis (Ginkgo plant, fruits)

Wielandiella (Bennettitales, small shrub, seed method)

Zamites (Bennettitales, shrub, seed method)

Zygopteridaceae (Fern tree, spore method)

**Cretaceous plants:**

Actinidia [analogues to modern species] (Flowering vine, flower-pollination method)

Agathis [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Araucaria ‘Monkey Puzzle’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Araucaria bidwilli ‘Bunya Araucaria’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Araucaria columnaris ‘Columnar Araucaria’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Archaeanthus [mid] (Flowering plant, flower-pollination method)

Archaefructus [early] (Flowering water plant, flower-pollination method)

Archeaobanksia [mid to late] (Flowering shrub, flower-pollination method)

Archaeoprotea [mid to late] (Flowering shrub, flower-pollination method)

Artocarpus [late] (Flowering tree, fruits)

Baiera (Ginkgo plant, fruits)

Baikalophyllum (Bennettitales plant, seed method)

Bolbitis (Fern water plant, spore method)

Brachyphyllum (Conifer tree, cones)

Caytoniales (seed-bearing plant, seed method)

Clathropteris [early] (fern plant, spore method)

Claytosmunda (fern plant, spore method)

Cobbania [late] (Flowering floating plant, flower-pollination method)

Coniopteris (fern shrub, spore method)

Ctenis (Cycad, cones)

Cycadeoidea (Bennettitales shrub, seed method)

Cycas [analogues to modern species] (Cycad, cones)

Czekanowskia (Ginkgo tree, fruits)

Dicksonia (fern tree, spore method)

Dioon [analogues to modern species] (Cycad, cones)

Equisetites (Horsetail shrub, spore method)

Ephedra (Gnetale plant, fruits)

Ficus [mid to late] (Flowering tree, fruits)

Ginkgo (Ginkgo tree, fruits)

‘Primeval Grass’ [late] (Flowering [water] plant, flower-pollination method)

Hironoia [late] (Flowering shrub, flower-pollination method)

‘Field Horsetail’ (Horsetail plant, spore method)

‘Giant Horsetail’ (Horsetail shrub, spore method)

‘Water Horsetail’ (Horsetail water plant, spore method)

‘Wood Horsetail’ (Horsetail plant, spore method)

Isoetes [analogues to modern species] (Lycophyte water plant, spore method)

Komlopteris (Pteridosperm tree, seed method)

Liriodendron [mid to late] (Flowering tree, flower-pollination method)

Magnolia [mid to late] (Flowering tree, flower-pollination method)

Maple [late] (Flowering tree, drops seeds)

Marattia (fern plant, spore method)

Matonia (fern plant, spore method)

Metasequoia ‘Dawn Redwood’ (Conifer tree, cones)

Nathorstiana (Lycophyte water plant, spore method)

Nilssonia (Cycad, cones)

Nilssoniocladus (Cycad vine, cones)

Orontium (Flowering plant, flower-pollination method)

Osmunda (Fern plant, spore method)

Osmundastrum ‘Cinnamon Fern’ (Fern plant, spore method)

Nelumbo [mid to late] (Flowering water plant, flower-pollination method)

Nothofagus ‘Southern Beech’ [mid to late] (Flowering tree, drops seeds)

Pachypteris [early] (Pteridosperm water shrub, seed method)

Paleoclusia [late] (Flowering plant, flower-pollination method)

Acrocomia Palm [late] (Flowering tree, fruits)

Nipa Palm [late] (Flowering shrub, fruits)

Sabal Palm [late] (Flowering tree, fruits)

Pentoxylalaes [early] (Pteridosperm tree, seed method)

Plane [mid to late] (Flowering tree, drops seeds)

Podozamites (Conifer tree, cones)

Potamogaton (Flowering water plant, water propagation method)

‘Primaeval Pine’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

‘Primaeval Podocarp’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

‘Primaeval Spruce’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

‘Primaeval Taxodium’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

‘Primaeval Yew’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Pterophyllum (Bennettitales shrub, seed method)

Sahnioxylon (Bennettitales small tree, seed method)

Sciadopitys [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Selaginella (Lycophyte mat-forming, spore method)

Sequoia / Sequoiadendron ‘Redwood’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Siphonospermum (Gnetale plant, fruits)

Sphenopteris (Pteridosperm plant, seed method)

Tempskya (Fern shrub, spore method)

Tmesipteris (Fern epiphyte, spore method)

Tyrmia (Bennettitales plant, seed method)

Umaltolepis (Ginkgo plant, fruits)

Waterlily [late] (Flowering water plant, flower-pollination method)

Welwitschia [late] (Gnetale plant, fruits)

Wielandiella (Bennettitales plant, seed method)

Williamsonia (Bennettitales shrub, seed method)

Wollemia [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Zamites (Bennettitales shrub, seed method)

Zygopteridaceae (Fern tree, spore method)

**Paleogene plants**

Actinidia [analogues to modern species] (Flowering vine, flower-pollination method)

Agathis [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Araucaria ‘Monkey Puzzle’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Araucaria bidwilli ‘Bunya Araucaria’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Araucaria columnaris ‘Columnar Araucaria’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Archeaobanksia [mid to late] (Flowering shrub, flower-pollination method)

Archaeoprotea [mid to late] (Flowering shrub, flower-pollination method)

Artocarpus (Flowering tree, fruits)

Bolbitis (Fern water plant, spore method)

Brachyphyllum (Conifer tree, cones)

Claytosmunda (fern plant, spore method)

Cobbania [until Eocene] (Flowering floating plant, flower-pollination method)

Ctenis [until Eocene] (Cycad, cones)

Cycas [analogues to modern species] (Cycad, cones)

Dicksonia (fern tree, spore method)

Dillhoffia [until Eocene] (Flowering plant, flower-pollination method)

Dioon [analogues to modern species] (Cycad, cones)

Ephedra (Gnetale plant, fruits)

Ficus (Flowering tree, fruits)

Ginkgo (Ginkgo tree, fruits)

‘Field Horsetail’ (Horsetail plant, spore method)

‘Giant Horsetail’ (Horsetail shrub, spore method)

‘Water Horsetail’ (Horsetail water plant, spore method)

‘Wood Horsetail’ (Horsetail plant, spore method)

Isoetes [analogues to modern species] (Lycophyte water plant, spore method)

Komlopteris [until Eocene] (Pteridosperm tree, seed method)

Liriodendron (Flowering tree, flower-pollination method)

Magnolia (Flowering tree, flower-pollination method)

Maple (Flowering tree, drops seeds)

Marattia (fern plant, spore method)

Matonia (fern plant, spore method)

Metasequoia ‘Dawn Redwood’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Nelumbo (Flowering water plant, flower-pollination method)

Nothofagus ‘Southern Beech’ (Flowering tree, drops seeds)

Orontium (Flowering plant, flower-pollination method)

Osmunda (Fern plant, spore method)

Osmundastrum ‘Cinnamon Fern’ (Fern plant, spore method)

Acrocomia Palm (Flowering tree, fruits)

Nipa Palm (Flowering shrub, fruits)

Sabal Palm (Flowering tree, fruits)

Plane (Flowering tree, drops seeds)

Potamogaton (Flowering water plant, water propagation method)

‘Primeval Grass’ (Flowering [water] plant, flower-pollination method)

‘Primaeval Pine’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

‘Primaeval Podocarp’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

‘Primaeval Spruce’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

‘Primaeval Taxodium’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

‘Primaeval Yew’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Sciadopitys [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Selaginella (Lycophyte mat-forming, spore method)

Sequoia / Sequoiadendron ‘Redwood’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Tmesipteris (Fern epiphyte, spore method)

Waterlily (Flowering water plant, flower-pollination method)

Welwitschia (Gnetale plant, fruits)

Wollemia [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Zamites [until Eocene] (Bennettitales shrub, seed method)

**Neogene**

Actinidia [analogues to modern species] (Flowering vine, flower-pollination method)

Agathis [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Araucaria ‘Monkey Puzzle’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Araucaria bidwilli ‘Bunya Araucaria’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Araucaria columnaris ‘Columnar Araucaria’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Archeaobanksia [mid to late] (Flowering shrub, flower-pollination method)

Archaeoprotea [mid to late] (Flowering shrub, flower-pollination method)

Artocarpus (Flowering tree, fruits)

Bolbitis (Fern water plant, spore method)

Claytosmunda (fern plant, spore method)

‘Blue Cycad’ (Cycad, cones)

‘Spiny Cycad’ (Cycad, cones)

Cycas [analogues to modern species] (Cycad, cones)

Dicksonia (fern tree, spore method)

Dioon [analogues to modern species] (Cycad, cones)

Ephedra (Gnetale plant, fruits)

Ficus (Flowering tree, fruits)

Ginkgo (Ginkgo tree, fruits)

‘Field Horsetail’ (Horsetail plant, spore method)

‘Giant Horsetail’ (Horsetail shrub, spore method)

‘Water Horsetail’ (Horsetail water plant, spore method)

‘Wood Horsetail’ (Horsetail plant, spore method)

Hymenaea (Flowering tree, flower-pollination method)

Isoetes [analogues to modern species] (Lycophyte water plant, spore method)

Liriodendron (Flowering tree, flower-pollination method)

Magnolia (Flowering tree, flower-pollination method)

Maple (Flowering tree, drops seeds)

Marattia (fern plant, spore method)

Matonia (fern plant, spore method)

Metasequoia ‘Dawn Redwood’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Nelumbo (Flowering water plant, flower-pollination method)

Nothofagus ‘Southern Beech’ (Flowering tree, drops seeds)

Orontium (Flowering plant, flower-pollination method)

Osmunda (Fern plant, spore method)

Osmundastrum ‘Cinnamon Fern’ (Fern plant, spore method)

Acrocomia Palm (Flowering tree, fruits)

Nipa Palm (Flowering shrub, fruits)

Sabal Palm (Flowering tree, fruits)

Plane (Flowering tree, drops seeds)

Potamogaton (Flowering water plant, water propagation method)

‘Primaeval Pine’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

‘Primaeval Podocarp’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

‘Primaeval Spruce’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

‘Primaeval Taxodium’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

‘Primaeval Yew’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Sciadopitys [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Selaginella (Lycophyte mat-forming, spore method)

Sequoia / Sequoiadendron ‘Redwood’ [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)

Tmesipteris (Fern epiphyte, spore method)

Waterlily (Flowering water plant, flower-pollination method)

Welwitschia (Gnetale plant, fruits)

Wollemia [analogues to modern species] (Conifer tree, cones)