recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Human

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## Information

### Season(s)

3, 4, 5

**Enhanced Humans** are vampires that have been turned back to human and have been bitten by a Daywalker, allowing them to gain the superhuman traits possessed by the Daywalkers without becoming one. The same result occurs when a Daywalker is turned human by the Van Helsings. The most notable superhuman trait gained is accelerated healing as seen in Flesh or Julius when they get wounded they rapidly heal without the need of blood.

It is uncertain if they remain immortal, but they cannot die by any physical means except by being stabbed in the heart as seen when Flesh tries to kill himself several times (shooting himself and jumping off a building) and comes back.

## Abilities

* **Enhanced Healing/Regeneration**: Enhanced Human's regenerative ability surpasses even that of normal vampires with them being able to survive a point-blank shot to the brain and recover in less than 10 seconds. This ability grants them near immortality, although it is still unknown if decapitation or severe trauma could kill them.
* **Vampirism Immunity**: After being turned back into human, they become immune to vampirism and their blood becomes unappetizing. They can also sense Vanessa's presence as well.
* **Resurrection**: After being bitten by a Daywalker, these enhanced human become nearly invulnerable, often resurrecting from fatal injuries.
* **Superhuman Strength**: If they were a Daywalker before they were turned human again, they maintained their superhuman strength to some degree.

## Weaknesses

* **Decapitation**: They can't heal or resurrect from having their head removed from their body.
* **Vampire Control Agent**: An orange powder-like substance that strips them of their enhanced healing and regeneration. It remains unknown if the effects are permanent.
* **Heart Extraction**: They can't heal or resurrect from having their heart removed.

## Enhanced Humans

* Axel Miller
* Claire †
* Ivory
* Julius †
* Max Borman †
* Mira †
* Phil "Flesh" Fleischman
* Zuma †
Fresh Tendrils

**Fresh Tendrils** is the first episode of the third season of Syfy's *Van Helsing* and the twenty-seventh episode and the premiere of the season.

## Synopsis

Vanessa is once again resurrected and must confront her family's legacy; Axel, Scarlett and the others fend off Blak Tek's forces, who hope to add Scarlett to their list of lab rats.

## Plot

When Vanessa wakes up to find an Elder vampire hovering over her, she makes with the punching. The Elder, hoping to keep himself alive, glamours into a bunch of people Vanessa cares about, starting with Dylan. Then Scarlett. Then finally, Susan. Then he zaps Vanessa’s consciousness into some kind of shared hallucination with her sister and mother in a creepy garden where Vanessa gets a massive info dump. First, this is your mom. Second, we’re part Dracula. Oh, and now we need to keep him from rising by finding all the Elders and their various totems which are the only way to free the Dark One from his cage.

The secret to finding all those totems is in the Van Helsing family book, so Vanessa searches the facility to locate it, finally finding it in the hands of none other than her fake mother, “Abigail.” Abigail admits that it was she who infected Scarlett and Vanessa with Dark One blood, because she wanted to see what would happen. We're not saying it’s bad science but this is how you get dinosaurs in Los Angeles. Don’t worry, though, Vanessa stabs her in chest, so she’s super dead now.

Meanwhile, Doc, Julius, and the rest have to try and distract Dr. FrankenVampire when he comes to find Scarlett, who is thankfully not there at the moment. Until, of course, she is there, and she and Axel murder him and all his men, chopping off his head for good measure.

Eventually, the entire band makes it back to the facility where Vanessa is being held. They hug and catch up just long enough to make a plan to split up almost immediately. Doc and Julius will take the civilians to Denver to try and find the safe zone and a possible cure for vampirism, while Vanessa, Scarlett, Axel and the Susan shaped vampire Elder head off on their totem quest.

Time to kill some vampires.

Oh, and speaking of vampires, Mohamed is still very much vamped out. He and Sam and Sam’s creepy finger necklace are murdering their way across the Pacific Northwest, so we’ll be seeing a lot more of them in the future.

## Cast

* Kelly Overton as Vanessa Van Helsing
* Jonathan Scarfe as Axel Miller
* Christopher Heyerdahl as Sam
* Rukiya Bernard as Doc
* Trezzo Mahoro as Mohamad
* Missy Peregrym as Scarlett Harker

### Supporting

* Aleks Paunovic as Julius
* Hilary Jardine as Susan
* Macie Juiles as Callie
* Rowland Pidlubny as Scab
* Keith Arbuthnot as The Elder

## Gallery

### Videos

VAN HELSING - Season 3, Episode 1- Play It Again, Van - SYFY
Colonel Nicholson

The military commander of Fort Collins. He does a one-on-one interrogation of Axel Miller on the person of interest, Violet Van Helsing.

* Deals with the main characters firmly, and, once convinced to help them, does so himself rather than delegate this to his men.
* He commands one of the last groups of U.S. military forces.

Episode 4x11: All Apologies (Dec 6, 2019)

Episode 4x12: Three Pages (Dec 13, 2019)

Episode 4x13: The Beholder (Dec 20, 2019)
Jennifer Spence

**Jennifer Spence** is a Canadian actress best known for her roles as *"Carmen"* in Audience's *"You Me Her"*, *"Betty Robertson"* in Syfy's *"Continuum"*, and *"Joanna"* in USA Networks' *"The 4400"*. She currently portrays Karen in Syfy's *Van Helsing*.

## History

She was born on January 22nd of 1977 in Ontario Canada. She's known by friends as Spence or Spenny. She studied at the prestigious National Theatre School of Canada in before landing moving Vancouver where she would soon begin her career in the acting industry.

## Biography

Jennifer's first on-screen appearance was in a short filmed titled *"Blind Spot"*, she portrayed Girl In The Park. Following that up with a TV Movie that premiered in 2001 called *"The Heart Department",* however her role was relatively small as she played Nurse #3.

After that, she continued her acting career, landing both huge and minor roles in television series and films such as *"The Truth About Miranda", "Tru Calling", "The Core", "Da Vinci's Inquest", "Huff", "Killer Instinct", "A Decent Proposal", "Eureka", "SGU Stargate Universe"*, and many others. After the cancellation of *Stargate Universe*, she joined some of the show's former cast in a pilot of a new show called "*Echoes"*.

## Trivia

* Both her and fellow Van Helsing cast member Rukiya Bernard landed roles in Killer Instinct.
* Her husband wrote and directed the feature film Down River.

## External Links

* IMDb Profile
* Wikipedia Profile
* Twitter Account
* Facebook Account
Jennifer Cheon Garcia

## Jennifer Cheon

**Jennifer Cheon** is a Canadian actress. She portrays Ivory on Syfy's *Van Helsing*.

## Credits

### Season Four

* Dark Destiny
* Broken Promises
* The Prism
* Together Forever
* All Apologies
* Three Pages
* The Beholder

### Season Five

* State of the Union
* Sisterhunt
* Graveyard Smash
* Deep Trouble
* Undercover Mother
* The Voices
* Novissima Solis

## External Links

* Jennifer Cheon Garcia at the Internet Movie Database

* Follow Jennifer Cheon Garcia (@JCheonGarcia) on Twitter

* Follow Jennifer Cheon Garcia (@jcheongarcia) on Instagram
Season Two

**Season Two**  of Syfy's post-apocalyptic supernatural horror series *Van Helsing* was renewed for 13 episodes on October 14, 2016. It premiered on October 5, 2017.

## Synopsis

Season two of *Van Helsing* pushes Vanessa and the other Survivors further into the world of the vampire apocalypse, where they discover old alliances have crumbled and new connections expose long-buried secrets about the Rising, the Van Helsing heritage, and the survival of humankind itself.

## Cast

* Jonathan Scarfe as Axel Miller
* Christopher Heyerdahl as Sam
* Vincent Gale as Flesh
* Rukiya Bernard as Doc
* Trezzo Mahoro as Mohamad
* Laura Mennell as Rebecca
* Paul Johansson as Dimitri
* Aleks Paunovic as Julius
* Macie Juiles as Callie
* Rowland Pidlubny as Scab
* Gia Crovatin as Anastasia
* Naika Toussaint as Sheema
* Hannah Cheramy as Dylan
* Ryan Robbins as Taka
* Caroline Cave as Jolene

## Developments

* Production for Season 2 began February 8, 2017 and ended on June 16, 2017.
* Missy Peregrym was cast as Scarlett Harker on March 15, 2017.

## Gallery

### Videos

VAN HELSING Season 2 Teaser Syfy'Van Helsing' Season 2 Trailer Debuts at Comic-ConVan Helsing Cast on Season 2 Villains and Reveals San Diego Comic-Con 2017 SYFY WIREVan Helsing's Missy Peregrym talks about her Ninja character
## References

1. ↑ - ‘Van Helsing’ Renewed For Second Season By Syfy - Deadline
2. ↑ Production Dates - Various Shows - SpoilerTV
3. ↑ ‘Van Helsing’: Missy Peregrym Joins Syfy Series As New Regular For Season 2 - Deadline
Julius' Compound

**Julius' Compound** is a secretly located compound based out of Seattle. Julius uses it as his base of operations. He and all his vampire minions reside there, as well as his mother. Before being turned back into humans, Flesh and Susan also lived there. During their time there, Susan claims that Flesh was one of Julius' top dogs.

## Notable Events

### Season One

* Julius sits with a vampire draped over his lap, sucking his blood out his back and through a straw. Gustov enters the room, telling him that Flesh has been turned into a human, he says that Vanessa Helsing did it, and she can do the same for the rest of them. Julius tells Gustov to send word to Dmitri.

* As Julius feeds upon a bleeding heart, he is approached bu Gustov, who informs him that Vanessa was spotted nearby, at the bridge, she took out two ferals, and now she's off with a group of survivors. Julius request that they kill everyone with the exception of her. Gustov is hesitant to do so as he claims that Vanessa is strong, Julius confronts him, asking if Gustov fears Vanessa more than he does his own master, Gustov does not as he abruptly leaves.

* Mama addresses Julius, she's disappointed as he is simply following orders like a good boy, she believes that they should keep Vanessa instead of handing her over to Dmitri, this would supposedly allow Julius to regain his place.

* After capturing Vanessa by the bridge, they bring her back to the compound, Mama quickly discovers that the vampires fear her as she could change everything for them. Julius believes that Vanessa can lead him to Rebecca, and from her he'll find Dmitri and kill him. He headbutts Vanessa as she tempts him to bite her.

* Vanessa is then chained to the scaffolding, Julius asks the crowd if there's anyone that doesn't fear her, he confused as to why they're so afraid of a human girl. Susan, who is now a vampire steps up, saying that she's not afraid of Vanessa, however, Vanessa doesn't want to face her, Susan calls her a "little bitch" and refers to Dylan in the same manor, then claiming that she drained her of all her blood. Th two go back and forth in combat, Vanessa eventually gains the upper hand, biting Susan, turning her back into a vampire as the two escape the compound.
Claire

Claire is a guest starring character on Syfy's *Van Helsing*. She is portrayed by Christina Lewall.

Claire was a member of the Sisterhood.

## Throughout the Series

### Season Five

Claire and the Sisterhood reunite with Ivory and set up camp in the woods, where they get drunk and discuss their first times. Claire then volunteers to take first watch while the others rest. Later that night, Claire hears a noise and shines her light into the darkness while on watch. The dark spirit conjured by the Dark One appears and takes over Claire. Continue Reading Here....

## Abilities

Claire was a skilled fighter and assassin within the Sisterhood. However, after be turned human, she lost her vampire abilities.
Maquillage

Voici une liste des tendances maquillage des années 1990.

Maquillage a également été dans les années 90, en particulier les femmes réservés. Les deux plus grandes tendances étaient clairement le «look naturel  *et le style tout à fait unique avec des contrastes tranchants.*

Certaines fonctionnalités pourraient être (autonome ou en combinaison):

* Rouges à lèvres sombres pour les lèvres en gris / prune
* Gloss
* Contour des lèvres marqués
* Peau très pâle
* Sourcils et les yeux accentués
* Maquillage Nude et peu de maquillage (pour les plus classiques)

## Galerie

Gwen Stefani et ses sourcils épilésDrew Barymore avec son teint pâle et son rouge à lèvres sombreRouge à lèvres prune dans *The Craft*Drew Barrymore et son rouge à lèvres grisLe look nude de Kate Moss
Aaron Park

**Aaron Park** is a guest starring character on Syfy's *Van Helsing*. He is portrayed by Jeffrey Ballard.

Aaron is the son of Davis Park, the 45th President of the United States.

## Throughout the Series

### Season Five

Aaron meets Violet at the marketplace and offers his help to get across the wall in exchange for her turning his father into human again. Once his father is human, Aaron looks to him for help in reuniting their family. However, he reveals to Aaron that his mom and sister, Tina, died during the day of the Rising. Refusing to accept the truth, Aaron and Violet go off on their own to confirm whether his family lives. During the journey, he is bitten by a vampire and later by Violet. When he finally tracks down the convoy that his mother and sister were in, he confirms that they're dead. Continue Reading Here....

Aaron and his dad arrive in DC. Unfortunately, they are forced to fend for themselves after their security detail is turned into vampires by a wave of dark energy released by the Dark One. They barricade a door, locking the vampires out. However, he is attacked by Sgt. Weathers, who has also been turned. She grabs Aaron and threatens to kill him, but President Park convinces her to defy her urges and release him. President Park and Aaron are then rescued by Axel and Ivory, who lead them to safety. Continue Reading Here....

## Appearances

### Season Five

* E Pluribus Unum
* Novissima Solis
Duncan Ollerenshaw

**Duncan Ollerenshaw** is a Canadian actor best known for his roles in AMC's *"Hell on Wheels"*, CBC's *"Strange Empire"* and The CW's *"Supernatural"* & *"Arrow"*. He currently portrays Dr. Sholomenko on Syfy's Van Helsing.

## History

Being born and raised in Calgary Alberta, he attended York University in Toronto. After that he began his career in theatre.

## Biography

Before becoming a televised actor, he first became a member of the Shaw Festival in Niagara on the Lake and spent four seasons submerged in Edwardian drama.

Following that, he joined the Stratford Festival Young Company, spending three seasons at the largest classical theatre festival known in North America. He has been performing in theatres across the country for years. Afterwards, Duncan became a known associate artist with Necessary Angel Theatre company whihc was located in Toronto.

Since then, he started acting, appearing in such television series as *"Ties that Bind"*, *"When Calls the Heart"*, *"Tom Stone"*, and *"Burn Up"*.

## Trivia

* Awarded an honours bachelor degree in performance from University of Toronto.
* Nominated twice for Dora Mavor Moore Awards

## External Links

* IMDb Profile
* Twitter Account
Séries TV

Voici une liste de séries incontournables des années 90.

## Séries-phares des années 90

* *Twin Peaks*
* *Beverly Hills 90210*
* *Urgences*
* *Friends*
* *Buffy contre les vampires*
* *X-Files*
* *Angela, 15 ans*
* *Sauvés par le gong*
* *Parker Lewis ne perd jamais*
* *Hartley, coeurs à vif*

## Vidéos

Générique Buffy saison 1Beverly Hills 90210 - Season 1 (1990-1991)Générique de la saison 1 de UrgenceX Files Aux frontières du réel - GénériqueGénérique Sauvés par le GongGénérique Twin PeaksFriends générique
Musique

Voici une liste d'artistes et de genres incontournables des années 90.

## Genres musicaux

* Grunge
* Hip Hop
* Britpop
* Eurodance
* Trip Hop

## Artistes incontournables

* Nirvana
* Oasis
* Spice Girls
* The Offspring

## Clips

Spice Girls - WannabeOasis - Wonderwall - Official VideoAce of Base - All That She Wants (Official Music Video)Nirvana - Smells Like Teen SpiritSuprême NTM - Ma B\*nzIAM - Je danse le Mia (Clip officiel)Britney Spears - ...Baby One More TimeThe Offspring - "Self Esteem"Los del Rio - Macarena (Original Video) HD
Achelousaurus

**Name:** *Achelousaurus* ‭(‬Achelous's lizard‭)‬.
**Phonetic:** Ah-kell-oo-sore-us.
**Named By:** Scott Sampson‭ ‬-‭ ‬1995.
**Classification:** Chordata,‭ ‬Reptilia,‭ ‬Dinosauria,‭ ‬Ornithischia,‭ ‬Ceratopsia,‭ ‬Ceratopsidae,‭ ‬Centrosaurinae,‭ ‬Pachyrhinosaurini,‭ ‬Pachyrostra.
**Species:** *A.‭ ‬horneri‭ (‬type‭)‬.*
**Diet:** Herbivore.
**Size:** Skull up to 1.6 meter long.
**Known locations:** USA,‭ ‬Montana‭ ‬-‭ ‬Two Medicine Formation.

**Time period:** Campanian of the Cretaceous.

**Fossil representation:** 3‭ ‬skulls and partial post cranial remains.

*Achelousaurus* may represent something of a transition as even though it has two distinct horns that rise from the top of its neck frill like in *Einiosaurus*,‭ ‬it has a large nasal boss as seen in *Pachyrhinosaurus*.‭ ‬This is why *Achelousaurus* has been considered a transitional form that links these two ceratopsian dinosaurs that goes on to show the gradual development of the centrosaurine line.‭ ‬While not all palaeontologists are convinced to this,‭ ‬it is the clearest line between the early nasal horned centrosaurine ceratopsians like *Centrosaurus* and the nasal bossed‭ (‬a large nasal lump as opposed to a pointed horn‭) *‬Pachyrhinosaurus*.
The lack of a nasal horn was the inspiration for the name *Achelousaurus*,‭ ‬which references Achelous,‭ ‬the patron deity of the Achelous‭ ‬River.‭ ‬In Greek mythology Heracles‭ (‬sometimes spelt Hercules‭) ‬got in a fight with this deity and tore off one of his horns.‭ ‬Achelous was also mentioned as having the ability to shape-shift,‭ ‬and again this reflects upon *Achelousaurus* seemingly shape-shifting from *Einiosaurus* to *Pachyrhinosaurus*.‭ ‬Achelous has been combined with the more common Ancient Greek for‭ '‬lizard‭’‬.
The loss of the horn of *Achelousaurus* was probably not as violent as the mythological encounter as it seems to have been gradually formed by the specialisation of *Einiosaurus's* nasal horn that curved more and more forwards.‭ ‬This was probably taken by members of the species to be a sign of maturity with the most rounded horns belonging to the most mature individuals.‭ ‬Given time it‭’‬s conceivable that the nasal boss would form in place of the increasingly curved horn resulting in *Achelousaurus*.‭ ‬The growth of a nasal boss as a preferred sexually selected characteristic may in turn have triggered a reduction in the two large neck frill horns resulting in the form of *Pachyrhinosaurus*.
Shunosaurus

**Name:** *Shunosaurus* (Shu lizard).
**Phonetic:** Shu-no-sore-us.
**Named By:** Ding, Zhou, & Zhang - 1983.
**Classification:** Chordata, Reptilia, Dinosauria, Saurischia, Sauropodomorpha, Sauropoda, Cetiosauridae.
**Species:** *S. lii (Type).*
**Type:** Herbivore.
**Size:** Roughly about 9.5 meters long.
**Known locations:** China - Shangshaximiao Formation, Xiashaximiao Formation.
**Time period:** Bathonian to Callovian of the Jurassic.
**Fossil representation:** Several skeletons, including exceptionally well preserved individuals.

The large number of well-preserved *Shunosaurus* individuals that have been recovered has revealed much about *Shunosaurus* making it perhaps the most complete sauropod genus known. This material has also allowed palaeontologist to confirm as well as speculate upon new theories for other sauropods that are not as well represented as *Shunosaurus*. However, despite the reconstruction of *Shunosaurus* being without doubt, its exact phylogenetic position is still currently under doubt with some people placing *Shunosaurus* within the Euhelopodidae instead of the Cetiosauridae like it was originally placed. It may require the recovery and further study of material from other sauropods of these groups before *Shunosaurus* can be confidently placed within one group or the other.
*Shunosaurus* had what appears to have been a defensive adaptation to the tip of its tail. The vertebra here formed the support for a spiked club, two five centimetre horns rising from the top. Such a club combined with the momentum of the tail would have been easily capable of inflicting crushing blows upon attacking theropod dinosaurs. Another possibility for this weapon is that it could have been used between two males competing for dominance.
Jeux vidéo

### A

* ActRaiser
* Angband
* Ataxx
* Atomino

### C

* Cadaver
* Champions of Krynn
* Columns
* Commander Keen
* Conflict: The Middle East Political Simulator
* Crazy Sue

### D

* Die Siedler
* Die Siedler II
* Die Siedler III
* Dune II
* Dragonstrike

### E

* Elvira
* Eye of the Beholder

### F

* Filler
* Final Fantasy III
* Fire Emblem
* Flight of the Intruder
* Flood
* F-Zero

### K

* The Killing Game Show
* King’s Bounty
* King’s Quest V: Absence Makes the Heart Go Yonder!

### L

* Loom
* Lords of Doom
* Lost Patrol

### N

* Night Shift
* Nintendo World Championships 1990
* Nintendo World Cup

### O

* Operation Neptune
* Operation Stealth
* Oxyd

### P

* Pilotwings
* Powermonger

### R

* Railroad Tycoon
* Rampart (Computerspiel)
* Red Baron

### S

* SimEarth
* Ski or Die
* Smash TV
* Snake Rattle ’n’ Roll
* Spellcasting 101
* The Spy Who Loved Me
* Star Control
* StarTropics
* Das Stundenglas
* Stunts
* Super Cars
* Super Mario World
* Schleichfahrt

### T

* Tank Wars
* Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Fall of the Foot Clan
* Thunder Force III
* Tomb Raider
* Tubmud

### W

* Wing Commander
* Wings
* Wolfpack
* Wonderland

\_\_ABSCHNITTE\_NICHT\_BEARBEITEN\_\_
Coupes de cheveux

Comment les femmes se coiffaient dans les années 90 ? Voici quelques exemples de coupes de cheveux et de coiffures populaires.

## Galerie

### Femmes

La RachelNatalie Portman dans *Léon*Les macarons de BjörkLa coiffure grunge de Fiona AppleLa coupe courte de Dolores O'RiordanClaire Danes dans *Angela, 15 ans*La pixie haircut de Winona RyderLa raie sur le côté de Drew BarrymoreLe carré dégradé rouge de Shirley MansonLes tresses de Juliette Lewis
### Hommes

Edward Furlong dans *Terminator 2*Liam Gallagher et la mode BritpopLe carré sale de Kurt CobainLes dreadlocks...Leo période *Titanic*Justin Timberlake période N'SyncCraig DavidNick CarterWill Smith dans le *Prince de Bel-Air*
Chad Oakes

**Chad Oakes** is a Canadian producer best known for his work on such projects as FX's *"Fargo"*, BBC's *"Copper"*, and Discovery Channel's *"Klondike"*. He currently works as an executive producer on Syfy's new television drama *Van Helsing*.

## History

He was born on May 27th of 1968 in Alberta Canada. Other than this fact, nothing is known about Oakes prior to his introduction into the screenwriting world. Until further notice, this section will remain blank.

## Biography

Chad's first produced project was a 1997 film titled *"Hugo Pool",* following that was a 1998 television movie called *"Ebenezer".* He had a large role in directing both those films.

Since then, he has gone on to have a very large and successful career as a producer, producing such films and television series such as *"The Reckoning", "Away and Back", "The Dorm", The Truth Behind", "Dear Santa", "On the Road", "A Very Merry Daughter of the Bride", "Boot Camp", "Big City",* and many more.

He is perhaps best known for his work on AMC's "Hell on Wheel", he played a major role in the producing of that show, working on several episodes.

## Trivia

* He has worked on Hell on Wheels as well as several other members of the cast of Van Helsing, including but not limited to Christopher Heyerdahl, Jonathan Scarfe, Fiona Vroom, and Tim Guinee.
* Nominated for Gemini Award for Best Dramatic Mini-Series or TV Movie, Gemini Award for Best Reality Program or Series.
* Awarded Producers Guild of America Award - David L. Wolper Producer of the Year Award in Long-Form Television.
Mode

Voici une liste de quelques vêtements et accessoires incontournables des années 90.

## Vêtements

### Manteaux

Le bomber SchottLe blouson HarrigtonLa doudoune Lady Soul
### Robes et jupes

La robe à fleursLa mini-jupe trapèze boutonnée et la mini-jupe à carreauxLa robe en velours de Kelly BundyLe t-shirt sous la robe à bretelles
### Chaussures

Dr Martens hautesNo Name platoLes Buffalo...Les Gazelle d'AdidasLes Superstar d'Adidas
### Accessoires

Le piercing à l'arcadeLe collier ras-de-couLes lunettes rondesLe bindi de Gwen StefaniLa barrette sur le côté de Drew Barrymore
Sperm whale

One common theory is that the fluid—which hardens to wax when cold—helps the whale alter its buoyancy so it can dive deep and rise again. Sperm whales are known to dive as deep as 3,280 feet (1,000 meters) in search of squid to eat. These giant mammals must hold their breath for up to 90 minutes on such dives.

These toothed whales eat thousands of pounds of fish and squid—about one ton (907 kg) per day.

Sperm whales are often spotted in groups (called pods) of some 15 to 20 animals. Pods include females and their young, while males may roam solo or move from group to group. Females and calves remain in tropical or subtropical waters all year long, and apparently practice communal childcare. Males migrate to higher latitudes, alone or in groups, and head back towards the equator to breed. Driven by their tale fluke, approximately 16 feet (5 meters) from tip to tip, they can cruise the oceans at around 23 miles (37 kilometers) per hour.

These popular leviathans are vocal and emit a series of "clangs" that may be used for communication or for echolocation. Animals that use echolocation emit sounds that travel underwater until they encounter objects, then bounce back to their senders—revealing the location, size, and shape of their target.

Sperm whales were mainstays of whaling's 18th and 19th century heyday. A mythical albino sperm whale was immortalized in Herman Melville's Moby Dick, though Ahab's nemesis was apparently based on a real animal whalers called Mocha Dick. The animals were targeted for oil and ambergris, a substance that forms around squid beaks in a whale's stomach. Ambergris was (and remains) a very valuable substance once used in perfumes.

Despite large population drops due to whaling, sperm whales are still fairly numerous.
Totem

## The Totems

**Totems** are small objects which at one point each were possessed by the four elders. It is stated throughout the series that when all four totems are brought together they reveal the Dark One's location. These totems became the central plot point for the majority of Season 3 with Vanessa and Scarlet determined to collect them all. Each totem has its own respective elder that owns it.

## Elder's Totems

* The First Elder (Abaddon): A Silver Bracelet
	+ Not much is know about Abaddon’s totem except it was in the custody of the deceased Lillian Van Helsing when it was found. It is likely that this totem was taken from Abaddon when he was imprisoned and passed down the Van Helsing blood line until it ultimately was buried with Lilian.

* The Second Elder (B'ah): A Gold Ring with Ruby Red Jewel
	+ Not much is know about the backstory to this totem, except that it was possessed by the B’ah until after her death when it was taken by Vanessa.

* The Third Elder (Jacob Van Helsing): Vial of the Dark One's Blood
	+ This totem has been within the Van Helsing blood line since Jacob’s imprisonment passed down from generation to generation. It is known that Abigail Van Helsing's mother passed it on to her and in turn she passed it on to her daughter Scarlet Van Helsing.
* The Fourth Elder (Sam): A metal amulet with teeth from his victims.
	+ Sam’s totem was created by him at the juvenile detention center where he was incarcerated by his father. It is seems to be made from scrap metal that he welded together and then placed the teeth of his two bullies that he murdered.

## References

1. ↑ Seen in Season 3 Episode 2: Super Unknown
2. ↑ Seen in Season 3 Episode 6: Like Suicide
3. ↑ Seen first in Season 2 Episode 13: Black Days
4. ↑ First seen in Season 3 Episode 4: Rusty Cage -- Became a Totem in Season 3 Episode 13: Birth Ritual
Nigersaurus

**Name:** *Nigersaurus*‭ (‬Lizard from Niger‭).
**Phonetic:** Nee-jer-sore-us.
**Named By:** Sereno,‭ ‬Beck,‭ ‬Dutheil,‭ ‬Larsson,‭ ‬Lyon,‭ ‬Moussa,‭ ‬Sadleir,‭ ‬Sidor,‭ ‬Varricchio,‭ ‬G.P.‭ ‬Wilson and J.‭ ‬A.‭ ‬Wilson‭ ‬-‭ ‬1999.
**Classification:** Saurischia,‭ ‬Sauropodomorpha,‭ ‬Sauropoda,‭

   ‬Diplodocidae,‭ ‬Rebbachisauridae.

**Species:** *N.‭ ‬taqueti (Type)*.
**Type:** Herbivore.
**Size:** Approximately‭ ‬9‭ ‬meters long.
**Known locations:** Africa,‭ ‬Niger,‭ ‬Elrhaz Formation.
**Time period:** Aptian or Albian of the Cretaceous.

**Fossil representation:** Known from the remains of several individuals and some hatchlings

*Nigersaurus* was a very specialised sauropod,‭ ‬evolved for feeding as a low browser.‭ ‬To accomplish this,‭ ‬the skull was shaped so that the jaws formed a very broad,‭ ‬flat edge across the front maximising the amount of vegetation gathered in a single bite.‭ ‬Inside these jaws were hundreds of teeth arranged in a single straight line near the edge of the mouth that would have been ideal for cropping very low vegetation with little effort.‭ ‬A further adaption is the structure of the inner ear that indicates that the head was usually carried in the down position so that the front of the mouth was always presented towards the ground where its choice food supply was.
Chasmosaurus

**Name:** *Chasmosaurus* (Cleft lizard). **Phonetic:** Kazz-moe-sore-us. **Named By:** Lawrence Lambe - 1914. **Synonyms:** *Eoceratops.* **Classification:** Chordata, Reptilia, Dinosauria, Ornithischia, Ceratopsia, Ceratopsidae, Chasmosaurinae. **Species:** *C. belli (type), C. russelli.* **Type:** Herbivore. **Size:** 4.3 to 4.8 meters long. **Known locations:** Canada, Alberta - Dinosaur Park Formation. **Time period:** Campanian of the Cretaceous. **Fossil representation:** Many specimens are known allowing for accurate reconstruction. Fossilised skin is also known.

The elongated frill of *Chasmosaurus* had two large fenestra in the middle which would have had a skin covering in life giving the appearance of a 'solid' frill. As a display device the frill may have been brightly coloured with an elaborate display. Also since the frill in these parts was soft tissue, *Chasmosaurus* may have flushed blood into the area to make the colours even more vivid. The flushing of blood has also brought forth ideas of a possible heat exchange device for thermoregulation, with blood flushed into the area to allow it to cool across a larger surface area. However, because the large fenestrae were filled only with skin, the frill would have provided only minimal defence against a predator. *Chasmosaurus* has also been used as the base for the name of the ceratopsian group Chasmosaurinae. The ceratopsian dinosaurs of this group are noted for their large, long neck frills and relatively short horns, and include others such as *Pentaceratops* and *Anchiceratops*.
Corythosaurus

Corythosaurus was a herbivore (plant-eater) that lived in North America during the late **Cretaceous period**, about 80 to 65 million years ago.

Corythosaurus was about 30 feet (9.1 meters) long, and weighed around 5 tons.

Corythosaurus had a bony crest on its head which connected to its nostrils: this may have been used to make sounds, to help keep it cool, or to enhance its sense of smell.

It was once thought that Corythosaurus, and other duckbill dinosaurs may have been aquatic (and that the crest may have been used as snorkel), but it is now known that they were in fact well-adapted land animals. They lived in herds, eating leaves, seeds, pine needles and fruit. If attacked by predators such as **Tyrannosaurus Rex**, Corythosaurus could sprint away on two legs, and may even have taken to water.The first specimen of Corythosaurus was discovered in 1912 by **Barnum Brown** by Red Deer River in Alberta, Canada. This specimen consisted of a nearly complete skeleton, even including **fossilized** skin. Unfortunately, this specimen was lost when the ship (the "Mount Temple") that was carrying it to Britain was sunk during the First World War. Corythosaurus was a member of the **Ornithischia** ("bird-hipped") order of **dinosaurs**. What this means, is that although Corythosaurus

   was not closely related to birds, it did have similarly shaped pelvic bones. Corythosaurus was a Hadrosaur (usually known as "duck-billed dinosaur") - a member of a group of related herbivorous (plant-eating) dinosaurs that were very successful in the **Cretaceous period**.
Killer whale

Orcas, or killer whales, are the largest of the dolphins and one of the world's most powerful predators. They feast on marine mammals such as seals, sea lions, and even whales, employing teeth that can be four inches (ten centimeters) long. They are known to grab seals right off the ice. They also eat fish, squid, and seabirds.

Though they often frequent cold, coastal waters, orcas can be found from the polar regions to the Equator.

Hunting and Communication

Killer whales hunt in deadly pods, family groups of up to 40 individuals. There appear to be both resident and transient pod populations of killer whales. These different groups may prey on different animals and use different techniques to catch them. Resident pods tend to prefer fish, while transient pods target marine mammals. All pods use effective, cooperative hunting techniques that some liken to the behavior of wolf packs.

killer whaleorcajumping out of the water
Brontomerus

**Name:** *Brontomerus* (Thunder thigh).
**Phonetic:** Bron-toe-meh-rus.
**Named By:** Michael P. Taylor, Matthew J. Wedel& Richard L. Cifelli - 2011.
**Classification:** Chordata, Reptilia, Dinosauria, Saurischia, Sauropoda, Macronaria, Camarasauromorpha.
**Species:** *B. mcintoshi (type)*.
**Type:** Herbivore.
**Size:** Approximately 14 meters long.
**Known locations:** USA, Utah, Cedar Mountain Formation.
**Time period:** Aptian to Albian of the Cretaceous.
**Fossil representation:** Two fragmentary specimens,

   representing two animals of different ages.

*Brontomerus* has been given its name for good reason, it had possibly the largest thigh muscles of all the known sauropods. This has been established from the proportionately large ilium that also projects forward. The ilium is where the thigh muscles attach and this enlargement not only suggests enlarged muscles but a degree of strong forward motion, possibly even being able to deliver a kick.
One theory, and easily the most popular since its description was published, is that these powerful legs were used to fight back against predators like *Deinonychus* that would have been common during the time of that location. Such a kick might have also been used in dominance contests where two males might stand side to side and kick each other until one concedes defeat for mating rights over the herd. A second is that it was an evolutionary adaptation for walking up and down slopes in hilly environments. As *Brontomerus* went up steep inclines it would inevitably have to go down them, and a thigh that provided strong support either way would give it a significant advantage over its other sauropod relatives.

The ilium also has attachments for abductor muscles which allow a leg to draw away from the body. These muscles may have allowed *Brontomerus* to steady itself as it reared up on its legs to reach up and feed on higher vegetation in a tree canopy. All of the above theories are good, and more than one could be correct. Although given the specialisation in the hip of *Brontomerus* which does not appear in other sauropods, it could be more likely that it developed to deal with environmental factors of the location, and any other secondary usages a result of this specialisation.
Allosaurus

**Name:** *Allosaurus* ‭(‬Different lizard‭)‬.
**Phonetic:** Al-loh-sore-us.

**Named By:** Othniel Charles Marsh‭ ‬-‭ ‬1877.
**Synonyms:** *Antrodemus,‭ ‬Creosaurus,‭ ‬Labrosaurus.*
**Classification:** Chordata,‭ ‬Reptilia,‭ ‬Dinosauria,‭ ‬Saurischia,‭ ‬Theropoda,‭ ‬Allosauridae.
**Species:** *A.‭ ‬fragilis‭ (‬type‭)‬.*
**Type:** Carnivore.‭
**Size:** 8.5‭ ‬meter average body length,‭ ‬with some individuals approaching‭ ‬9.7‭ ‬meters long.‭ ‬Some fragmentory specimens have been interpreted as coming from animals‭ ‬12‭ ‬meters long.
**Known locations:** USA,‭ ‬Portugal,‭ ‬possibly Tanzania.
**Time period:** Kimmeridgian to Tithonian of the Jurassic.

**Fossil representation:** There are probably more *Allosaurus* fossils than any other of the large theropods.‭ ‬Its reconstruction is without doubt.

Along with *Tyrannosaurus*,‭ *‬Allosaurus* is probably the most often represented large theropod dinosaur in popular culture.‭ ‬This is because it was one of the earliest discovered large predators and is known from more remains than any other large predatory dinosaur.‭ ‬One myth about *Allosaurus* that does need to be dispelled is that it was the ancestor of *Tyrannosaurus*.‭ ‬Although both share a similar morphology and *Allosaurus* is much older,‭ ‬the tyrannosaurids are thought to have evolved from the coelurosaurid group independent of *Allosaurus*.‭ ‬This means that as the tyrannosaurids evolved,‭ ‬they replaced dinosaurs like *Allosaurus* as the dominant theropods of North America.
Pachyrhinosaurus

**Name:** *Pachyrhinosaurus* ‭(‬Thick nosed lizard‭)‬.

**Phonetic:** Pack-ee-rye-no-sore-us.
**Named By:** Charles Mortram Sternberg‭ ‬-‭ ‬1950.
**Classification:** Chordata,‭ ‬Reptilia,‭ ‬Dinosauria,‭ ‬Ornithischia,‭ ‬Ceratopsia,‭ ‬Ceratopsidae,‭ ‬Centrosaurinae,‭ ‬Pachyrostra.
**Species:** *P.‭ ‬canadensis‭ (‬type‭)‬,‭ ‬P.‭ ‬lakustai,‭ ‬P.‭ ‬perotorum.*
**Diet:** Herbivore.
**Size:** 8‭ ‬meters long.
**Known locations:** Canada,‭ ‬Alberta‭ ‬-‭ ‬Bearpaw Formation,‭ ‬Horseshoe Canyon Formation.‭ ‬USA,‭ ‬Alaska‭ ‬-‭ ‬Prince Creek Formation.
**Time period:** Campanian of the Cretaceous.

**Fossil representation:** Skulls of many individuals as well as hundreds of associated bones.

Even though it did not have the elaborate horns of some ceratopsians like *Einiosaurus*,‭ *‬Pachyrhinosaurus* has become a favourite amongst ceratopsian dinosaur enthusiasts because of the large bony growth called a boss that is present on top of its snout.‭ ‬A second smaller boss was also present over the eyes and is sometimes close to the nasal boss.‭ *‬Pachyrhinosaurus* still possessed some small horns,‭ ‬particularly around the edges of the frill.‭ ‬Some of these characteristics are shared amongst the *Pachyrhinosaurus* species while some are unique to just one species.
Dorudon

**Name:** *Dorudon* ‭(‬Spear tooth‭)‬.
**Phonetic:** Door-oo-don.
**Named By:** Gibbes‭ ‬-‭ ‬1845.
**Synonyms:** *Basilosaurus serratus, Dorudon intermedius, Dorudon stromeri, Doryodon serratus, Prozeuglodon stromeri, Zeuglodon intermedius, Zeuglodon serratum, Zeuglodon serratus.*
**Classification:** Chordata,‭ ‬Mammalia,‭ ‬Cetacea,‭ ‬Archaeoceti,‭ ‬Basilosauridae.
**Species:** *D.‭ ‬atrox,‭ ‬D.‭ ‬serratus.*
**Diet:** Carnivore.

**Size:** Around‭ ‬5‭ ‬meters long.
**Known locations:** Egypt and the USA,‭ ‬together hinting at a broad distribution.
**Time period:** Bartonian to Priabonian of the Eocene.

**Fossil representation:** Multiple specimens,‭ ‬including juveniles.

*Dorudon* is a good example of some of the many primitive whales that were swimming in the world‭’‬s oceans during the Eocene period.‭ ‬As an early cetacean,‭ *‬Dorudon* was a dedicated predator of other marine creatures that may have included everything from fish to other marine mammals.‭ *‬Dorudon* itself does bear a strong resemblance to the much larger *Basilosaurus* that was also swimming in the same waters and at the same time as *Dorudon*.‭ ‬This led to early speculation about *Dorudon* actually representing juvenile specimens of *Basilosaurus*‭; ‬however more in depth study as well as the discoveries of actual *Dorudon* juveniles has since quashed this theory.

Juvenile *Dorudon‭* (‬which would have been called calves like other juvenile whales‭) ‬fossils have been seen to have tooth marks on them that seem to have been caused by the much larger *Basilosaurus*.‭ ‬This is evidence for a clear predator prey relationship where while *Dorudon* were predators,‭ ‬they in turn where preyed upon by other bigger predators.‭ ‬This relationship was well illustrated in the episode *Whale Killer* of the BBC documentary series *Walking with Beasts*.‭ *‬Basilosaurus* was not the only threat to *Dorudon* however as giant sharks like ‭ *C. ‬angustidens* were also hunting in the world‭’‬s oceans.
Sinoceratops

**Name:** *Sinoceratops* (Chinese Ceratopsian). **Phonetic:** Sye-noh-seh-rah-tops. **Named By:** Xu Xing, Wang KeBai, Zhao XiJin & Li DunJing - 2010. **Classification:** Chordata, Reptilia, Dinosauria, Ornithischia, Ceratopsia, Ceratopsidae, Centrosaurinae. **Species:** *S. zhuchengensis (type).* **Type:** Herbivore. **Size:** Skull is estimated to have measured as much as 1.8 meters long. **Known locations:** China, Shandong Province. **Time period:** Campanian of the Cretaceous. **Fossil representation:** Upper skull and partial frill.

Although only known from partial skull material *Sinoceratops* displays features that are seen in both the centrosaurine and chasmosaurine lines of the ceratopsian dinosaurs. Although larger than others of the group, *Sinoceratops* is considered to be a basal centrosaurine, and its discovery has shed a little more light on ceratopsian evolution. Unfortunately however, until additional fossil material can be recovered, reconstructions are reliant upon comparisons with other better known ceratopsians.
Protoceratops

**Name:** *Protoceratops* ‭(‬First horned face‭)‬.

**Phonetic:** Pro-toe-seh-rah-tops.
**Named By:** Walter W.‭ ‬Granger‭ & ‬William King Gregory‭ ‬-‭ ‬1923.
**Classification:** Chordata,‭ ‬Reptilia,‭ ‬Dinosauria,‭ ‬Ornithischia,‭ ‬Cerapoda,‭ ‬Ceratopsia,‭ ‬Protoceratopsidae.
**Species:** *P.‭ ‬andrewsi‭ (‬type‭)‬,‭ ‬P.‭ ‬hellenikorhinus.*
**Type:** Herbivore.
**Size:** Average about ‬1.8‭ ‬meters long up to 2 meters long for largest individuals.
**Known locations:** China.‭ ‬Mongolia.
**Time period:** Campanian of the Cretaceous.

**Fossil representation:** Multiple individuals are known,‭ ‬allowing for accurate reconstruction.

When first discovered,‭ *‬Protoceratops* was heralded as the ancestor to the massive North American ceratopsian dinosaurs such as *Triceratops*.‭ ‬However with the advent of new and continuing studies of the group,‭ *‬Protoceratops* is now‭ ‬considered to be more representative of the type of dinosaur that led to the larger North American species as opposed to being‭ '‬the‭' ‬ancestor of them.
*Protoceratops* is nevertheless significant in its discovery as it has revealed many fascinating insights into dinosaur life.‭ ‬The large numbers of remains found relatively close to one another is taken as evidence of herding behaviour.‭ ‬Preservation of the scleral rings indicates a cathermal lifestyle meaning that *Protoceratops* was active for short periods throughout the day,‭ ‬perhaps as a reaction to the arid conditions of the time.‭ ‬It would make sense to spend shorter amounts of time foraging before retreating to more sheltered areas when conditions were too intense such‭ ‬as the heat associated with midday.
The head of *Protoceratops* appears to be oversized when seen in relation to its body,‭ ‬and this housed a large cropping beak at the front,‭ ‬the extra size maybe to make use of more powerful jaw muscles allowing the beak to slice through tough vegetation.‭ ‬Inside its mouth,‭ ‬several dozen teeth worked to grind the plant material,‭ ‬allowing for more effective digestion.
Although *Protoceratops* did not have the elaborate horns that were typical of some ceratopsian dinosaurs,‭ ‬it still possessed a frill that covered its neck.‭ ‬It also had two greatly enlarged jugal bones,‭ ‬but there is a great amount of variation in size and shape of both these and the frill between individuals.‭ ‬Explanations for these variations include possible indications of age,‭ ‬with older animals having larger projections,‭ ‬to maybe even signs of sexual dimorphism,‭ ‬with males having larger frill and jugals for display purposes.
However,‭ *‬Protoceratops* remains have also proved to be a bit of a‭ '‬Red Herring‭' ‬on occasion.‭ ‬When the first dinosaur eggs were discovered in the Gobi Desert,‭ ‬the large number of *Protoceratops* remains in the area was taken as indicative that these eggs belonged to them.‭ ‬However a specimen of *Oviraptor* was also discovered with them,‭ ‬and since its skull was crushed,‭ ‬it was presumed that the *Oviraptor* had been killed by a *Protoceratops* that had been defending the nest.
Parasaurolophus

**Name:** *Parasaurolophus* ‭(‬Near Saurolophus/Near lizard crest‭)‬.
**Phonetic:** Pah-rah-sore-o-loe-fus.
**Named By:** William Parks‭ ‬-‭ ‬1922.
**Classification:** Chordata,‭ ‬Reptilia,‭ ‬Dinosauria,‭ ‬Ornithischia,‭ ‬Hadrosauridae,‭ ‬Lambeosaurinae.
**Species:** *P.‭ ‬walkeri‭* (‬type‭)‬,‭ ‬*P.‭ ‬tubicen,‭ ‬P.‭ ‬cyrtocristatus.*
**Diet:** Herbivore.
**Size:** About 9.5 meters long for larger individuals.
**Known locations:** Canada‭ ‬-‭ ‬Alberta‭ ‬-‭ ‬Dinosaur Park Formation.‭ ‬USA‭ ‬-‭ ‬New Mexico‭ ‬-‭ ‬Kirtland Formation,‭ ‬possibly also Fruitland Formation,‭ ‬Utah‭ ‬-‭ ‬Kaiparowits Formation.
**Time period:** Campanian of the Cretaceous.
**Fossil representation:** Several skulls and partial skeletons of varying levels of completeness.

Out of all the hadrosaurs‭ (‬also known as the duck-billed dinosaurs‭) *‬Parasaurolophus* is one of the most‭ ‬widely recognised thanks‭ ‬to its very distinctive skull crest.‭ ‬The name *Parasaurolophus* is a bit of a mouthful,‭ ‬but this is based around the early interpretation that *Parasaurolophus* was similar to another genus names *Saurolophus‭* (‬which means‭ ‘‬lizard crest‭) ‬because *Saurolophus* also has a skull crest,‭ ‬though not as large or as ornate as *Parasaurolophus*.‭ ‬However under modern systematics,‭ *‬Parasaurolophus* is classed as a lambeosaurine hadrosaurid because of the hollow crest,‭ ‬whereas *Saurolophus* is the type genus of the Saurolophinae‭ (‬previously Hadrosaurinae‭) ‬a sister group of hadrosaurids noted for having solid to no crests at all.‭

This means that *Parasaurolophus* and *Saurolophus* are in fact distantly related,‭ ‬but both are still called hadrosaurids because they both belong within the Hadrosauridae.‭ ‬Instead *Parasaurolophus* is more closely related to other lambeosaurines such as *Hypacrosaurus*,‭ *‬Corythosaurus* and of course the type genus of the group,‭ *‬Lambeosaurus*.‭ ‬Out of all lambeosaurines however,‭ ‬it is the Asian genus *Charonosaurus* that is thought to be one of the closest relatives of *Parasaurolophus* due to the strikingly similar head crest

   .
Raph's Big Christmas Adventure

**Raph's Big Christmas Adventure** is the one hundred and twenty-second episode of the fifth season of the 2012 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles TV series. It originally aired on December 5th, 2017.

## Characters

* Leonardo (Seth Green)
* Michelangelo (Greg Cipes)
* Donatello (Rob Paulsen)
* Raphael (Sean Astin)
* Squeak
* Master Splinter (Hoon Lee)
* April O'Neil (Mae Whitman)
* Casey Jones (Josh Peck)
* Karai (Kelly Hu)
* Pizza Guy (Ciro Nieli)
* Shredder (Kevin Michael Richardson)
* Tiger Claw (Eric Bauza)
* The Scary Mutant Monster Nutcracker (Jason Deline)

## Plot

The episode begins with Leonardo, Michelangelo, Donatello, Raphael, April O'Neil, and Casey Jones going into the shopping mall to see the christmas stuff.