Ford Mustang

## Ford Mustang 1° Generation

### History

It debuted in 1964 as a 1964½ model with a price of US$2,368 ($20,690 in 2023), whose annual sales were estimated at around 100,000 units. Sales in the first year exceeded 400,000 units and reached one million in two years.

The Mustang created the American Pony Car class, distinguished as affordable sports coupes with long hoods and short rear decks, and gave rise to competitors such as the Chevrolet Camaro, Pontiac Firebird, AMC Javelin, Dodge Charger, Chrysler's facelifted Plymouth Barracuda, and the second generation of the Dodge Challenger. The Mustang is also credited with inspiring the designs of Toyota Celica coupes and the Ford Capri, which were imported to the United States.

It was originally based on the platform of the second generation Ford Falcon, a compact car. The original two-seat Mustang of 1962 had evolved into the four-seat Mustang II concept car of 1963 that Ford used to test how the public would be interested in the first production Mustang. The 1963 Mustang II concept car was designed with a variation of the production model's front and rear ends with a roof that was 2.7 inches (6.9 cm) shorter. Introduced early on April 17, 1964, 16 days after the Plymouth Barracuda and therefore referred to as a "1964½" by fans, but the 1965 model was the manufacturer's most successful launch since the Ford Model A. Mustang has undergone several transformations to its current sixth generation, being the third oldest Ford saga.

It began production five months before the normal start of the 1965 production year. Early production versions were often referred to as 1964½ models, but all Mustangs were announced VIN-coded and titled by Ford as 1965 models, although updates design minors in August 1964 to the formal start of the 1965 production year, contributed to tracking 1964½ production data separately from 1965 data. With production beginning in Dearborn, Michigan on March 9, 1964, the New car was presented to the public on April 17, 1964 at the New York World's Fair.

It is the only original model to remain in uninterrupted production over five decades of development and revision. As of August 2018, more than 10 million units have been produced in the United States, making it one of the most sought-after vehicles worldwide.

Although it is said otherwise, at that time and after the Second World War that left Europe in deplorable conditions, the American market enjoyed great automobiles with power, good design, behavior, high technology and performance, while in Europe, in In the 1950s, brands like Audi did not produce any vehicles. It was not until the 1980s when the European market caught up with the American market, the latter being superior in any case.8

Ford introduced the Thunderbird, which was born to compete directly with the Chevrolet Corvette, the classic American supercar. The Thunderbird resonated with customers at the time, but in the early 1960s it began to lose appeal. Given this reason, Lee Iacocca, vice president of the Ford Motor Company, together with his Ford team, began to design the replacement for the Thunderbird, which had to exceed the standards of this vehicle.

In 1961 Lee Iacocca, vice president of Ford Motor Company, founded the Fairlane Committee, whose meeting point was the Fairlane Hotel, to begin the search for the almost perfect car. As a starting point, the car had to be lighter compared to heavy 2-ton vehicles that were used at that time, it had to be simple, economically accessible, and with all the typical comforts of a middle-class vehicle; Therefore it had to have individual seats, smooth finishes and a gear lever on the floor. Regularly, to attract the largest possible audience, this car should have all the available options of accessories, body types, car color, engine, manual or automatic transmission, etc.

Given the enormous number of variants of the new model, there was not enough time to create a relatively new mechanical base. Several elements of the chassis and suspension were recovered from the Ford Falcon and some other parts from other models of the brand. Once the design work was completed, a very important task began: the famous "marketing" or marketing. One form of promotion was the "secret photos" of the test model, which significantly increased interest in learning about Ford's new diamond. In this way, the model 64½ was launched during the New York World's Fair on April 17, 1964.

### The Born of a Legend

However, Ford's top executives wanted to see their model competing directly with its rivals on a professional circuit. To do this, they turned to Carroll Shelby, a former driver who manufactured racing and competition prototypes known as AC Cobra, who already had some business contact with Ford Motor Company. Thus the fastback emerged as a third type of body for the Mustang in 1965, which is also the base body on which the Ford Shelby GT350 was created. The original Mustang designs were a success, although the model that has endured as a classic of the Mustang family is the Shelby GT500.

With Carroll Shelby at the head of Ford's racing program, the distinctive white stripes that crossed his modified cars such as the also famous Ford GT40 became famous.

The debut of the Shelby GT350 was in January 1965 and it had its first success in competitions only a month later by winning its first race at Green Valley Farms, Texas. In November 1966, Shelby launched the legendary Shelby GT500. By February 1970, after the decline in sales of racing cars from the Ford-Shelby line, Ford concluded the contract with Carroll Shelby.

The disappearance of the Ford logo from the front of the hood would distinguish, over the years, what would be a classic from what is not. The Fastback would give way to the SportsRoof with some physical changes to have the necessary measurements for American competitions. In 1970, almost all the available engines were changed, leaving the Mach 1, Boss 302 and Boss 429 models on offer. For 1971, the car was increased in length again, leaving the Mach 1 and Boss 351 as available versions.

The new anti-pollution trends of the time forced Ford to offer only the Mach 1 version for 1972. The year 1973 marked the last stage of the first generation of Mustangs. The final model, one with slight modifications compared to the previous one. The era of the thoroughbred Mustang was over forever, or at least until that day.

The Mustang II, forced to be smaller in all aspects compared to its predecessors due to the 1973 Oil Crisis, was an inline four-cylinder engine that was far from the thoroughbred. This model remained almost unchanged until 1979, when a larger and lighter model was achieved thanks to the use of new materials. Until then, it had changed its face from a sports car to a luxury vehicle.

The basic equipment that the first Mustang included consisted of a 170 cubic inch (2.8 liter) inline six-cylinder engine, from the Falcon, as well as the entire chassis-frame assembly, three-speed transmission, wheels. Completely lined, padded and carpeted bearing. It weighed 2,572 pounds (1,167 kg) and had a launch price of $2,368 ($20,690 in 2023).

That year, Ford's most optimistic plans included selling at least 100,000 units, but on the first day on the market alone there were 22,000 orders for the model and, in its first year in 1964, sales reached an astonishing 417. 000 units.

The first model to come off the commercial production line was the Wimbledon White, a V8-powered convertible that is on permanent display at the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan, where the Ford Motor Company headquarters reside. In 1965, the Shelby GT350 was presented with a 289 in³ (4.7 liter) V8 and 306 HP (310 HP; 228 kW) of power. Sales passed one million in March of that year. Although it was practically secret, Ford made a unique model, for a rich businessman in an orange color used in some Mack trucks, hence its name "Mack's orange", which was currently discovered by stripping the red paint that it looked in the hands of its Last owner, a unique model.

The 1967 model is considered by many to be the best design of that era and perhaps of all, as Don Kopka, who retired as Ford's vice president of design in 1987, performed the first redesign of the Mustang when it arrived from Chrysler. He pointed out that the Mustang was too flat and rectilinear, so he made the 1967 model more rounded and robust, but in the end he thought that the '64½ was much better.12 In that sense, the 2005 and 2006 model, which has had so much acceptance, was It has been based on the design parameters of the 1967 model. It has a more aggressive presence and important elements were added. That same year, the Shelby GT500 went on sale powered by a large V8 engine with 355 HP (360 HP; 265 kW) of power.

Externally, the car grew in both width and length. These size changes sought to give it the possibility of housing larger engines, such as the 390 inch³ (6.4 liter) with 320 HP (324 HP; 239 kW), having emerged as a tough competitor to Chevrolet again, but this time with the Camaro.

One year later, on April 1, the 428 cubic inch (7 liter) Cobra Jet engine is introduced as part of an options package aimed at thrill-seekers on the road. The new model also presents some new features such as AM/FM radio, the possibility of a 302 inch³ (4.9 liter) engine and the letters "F O R D", which disappeared from the front of the hood.

The "for all needs" philosophy gives way to 11 different combinations and new models are added to the 1969 production line that includes, among others, the Boss 302 with 290 HP (294 HP; 216 kW) of power, while that the Boss 429 goes up to 375 HP (380 HP; 280 kW) of power, as well as the Mach I and the luxurious "Grande" model. Also offered for the first time is the "Windsor" V8 engine that produces 250 HP (253 HP; 186 kW) of power with a two-barrel carburetor, or 290 HP (294 HP; 216 kW) of power with a four-barrel carburetor.

In 1970 the Shaker ("against all winds") appeared, equipped with a larger V8 engine. This year did not involve too many changes to the model, except for external details such as front lights (2 instead of 4) or fenders with reflective lights. In the engine section there were more notable changes, since the 390 was no longer used and the 351-2V Cleveland and 351-4V Cleveland replaced the 351 Windsor of previous years. The Mach 1, Boss 302 and Boss 429 were the models available in 1970.

In 1971, the last major modification of the first generation was made, as it grew more than 5 cm (2 inches) in length and almost 6 cm (2.4 inches) in width compared to the 1970 model. 200 in³ (3.3 liter) engines, as well as the 428 in³ (7 liter), Boss 302 and Boss 429; thus leaving the Boss 351, 429 and Ram Air 429 engines.

The Boss 351 was an engine that developed 330 HP (335 HP; 246 kW), while the 429 cubic inch (7 liter) engines reached 370 HP (375 HP; 276 kW). The Mach 1 continued to be offered during this year with either of the V8 engines, a special beehive-shaped grille, specially colored bumpers were features offered only with the Mach 1, as well as "Mach 1" decals on the fenders. In 1971 the Boss 351 replaced the Boss 302 and the Boss 429. The Boss 351 had a hood with twist locks and special lines on the body of the car, as well as a competition suspension, front disc brakes and dual exhaust.

The 1972 model succeeded all Boss models, although the GT version 302, 351, 429, etc. Equipped with a Cleveland V8 and 350 HP (355 HP; 261 kW), it was the one that took its place, without developing the more than 300 HP (304 HP; 224 kW) that the Boss developed, but it offered the same coupe style. and magnificent performance. Some time later and due to strong government restrictions on fuel economy, the Mach 1 remained the representative of the high-performance line. 1973 was the last year for the "Big" Mustang.

## Configuration

### HorsePower

210 HP

The Ford Mustang changed and became the Mustang II, a car based on the Ford Pinto, which was a smaller and less fuel-efficient model with a 4, 6 and 8-cylinder engine. The sacrifice made in reducing the size of the engine as well as the car itself was offset by more luxurious interiors. In 1976 the Cobra II appeared, with the purpose of remembering the fame of the Shelby Mustangs. A year later, Ford, in an attempt to appeal to convertible fans, offers a new sports car package with four speeds and manual transmission. The new King Cobra model is the first Mustang to use the "5.0" badge in 1978.31 Its production began when the first units arrived in Ford showrooms at the end of the summer of 1973, already as a 1974 model.25 When it was Introduced on August 23, 1973, customers were dealing with a severe recession that would last for two more years,26 so it was originally conceived to deal with the oil crisis of 1973.

During the 1970s, manufacturers were always looking for solutions to achieve minimum fuel consumption and this is how they began to work with materials such as plastic, aluminum and urethane fenders.

The interiors, models and aesthetic finishes varied from country to country. The MII was one of the best-selling Mustangs in history and thanks to it the dynasty continues to this day. The 1970 Ford Mustang Milano Concept advanced the elongated front and rear that the production Mustang would adopt in 1971.

The aforementioned oil crisis of 1973 marked the Mustang II, since both its engines and its size and design were strongly affected by it. This minimization applied to the entire set meant that these new cars barely retained the characteristics that made them famous in their first generation. However, the Mustang II was not a failure at all due to its design or its "weak" engines, so on the contrary, it was a complete success.

The change in its design was quite radical if compared to the previous stage, specifically from 1971 to 1973, but it is not that much of a change if compared to the first models. This design adapted to the trends of the moment, but without wanting to stray too far from the guidelines set in the first years. The size returned to be more or less the same as in its beginnings and its shapes respected those beginnings. A long chest dominated the front, with a side with a certain nostalgia for that waist mark that was seen in 1965 with the first models. The rear part was as different as possible when comparing them, although it retains the characteristic three-piece headlight groups. The "pony" was still in the front.

The Falcon platform was discontinued in 1973, so for the Mustang II a modification of the Arizona platform began to be used, used since 1970 in the company's subcompact: the Ford Pinto. Its clearly recognizable shapes do not leave it in a bad place compared to its predecessors. It is not a beautiful car, but it does have its charm, especially the models with the Ghia finish and the vinyl semi-roof, very characteristic of the time.

In 1974, the Mustang II won the Car of the Year award from the prestigious Motor Trend magazine.

As in the first generation, efficiency in fuel consumption was sought, that is, efficiency of those years. That's where this extreme reduction came from when compared to the previous year's model. Another aspect that we wanted to improve on the Mustang II was the quality of the finishes. Lee Iacocca wanted quality standards for the new model that were unprecedented in the United States. In a way it was like that, since the finishes of this new generation, at least visually, did seem much better than in previous years.

As innovations, the steering adopted the rack and pinion system and the engine was mounted on a subframe that reduced vibrations and noises inside the cabin. All these characteristics made Lee Iacocca himself nickname this new generation with his "Little Jewel."

If in 1973 Ford sold almost 135,000 units of the Mustang, in 1974 there were more than double that of the previous year, offering fewer features and fewer body and model options. In that year, 386,000 units were sold.

Considering that despite the reduction in size and features, prices remained more or less at the same levels, it can be said that Ford once again did its best with the new model. He put exactly the car that people wanted on the market at the right time, at a time when the fuel embargo became similar to that experienced in World War II. In fact, these sales figures have earned the second generation four of the top ten positions on the list of absolute annual sales for all Mustang years. It is questioned why a model so little loved by pony car fans had such success.

### The Worst Mustang.

Although for many the Mustang II has been the worst Mustang ever manufactured, in terms of quality and, above all, sales, it was not so bad, since this generation had to face the oil crisis and new emissions regulations that ended with the golden age of muscle cars.

In only four years it could be remembered as a great failure although, according to the numbers, this Mustang did not fail, since it sold more than 400,000 units annually. The big problem was in the mechanics since, at that time, North American customers demanded powerful engines. Until then, pollution was an unknown term and going from a supercharged V8 engine to having 106 HP (107 HP; 79 kW) of power was a very hard blow.

The engine bay was redesigned in a 1975 update and fitted a 302 in³ (4.9 liter) V8 that delivered just 140 HP (142 hp; 104 kW). More disappointing would be the Cobra and King Cobra versions.33 The faithful and purist followers of the Mustang were upset because of this vehicle that was built on the Pinto chassis, which in truth does not even look like a Mustang.34

## Configuration

### Engine

140 in³ (2.3 liter) Pinto inline 4200 in³ (3.3 liter) Thriftpower inline-6V6 at 60° Cologne 171 in³ (2.8 liters)232 in³ (3.8 liter) Essex 90° V6V8 at 90°:255 in³ (4.2 liter) small block302 cu. in. (4.9 liters) Windsor

### HorsePower

139 HP

In November 1978, the third generation of the iconic compact coupe arrived on the North American market.40​41​42​ During this third stage, the people at Ford decided to redesign and reinvent the vehicle. Although many of the original elements were lost, the result was a much more modern car, which remained without drastic changes for almost 15 years. It had a 3-speed automatic transmission that allowed it to reach a maximum speed of 180 km/h (112 mph), with 2 gears between 120 km/h (75 mph) or 140 km/h (87 mph) in third gear with revs level to enter third gear and obtain more traction.

Its exterior was something totally new, being one of the first cars to eliminate the external defenses and integrate them into the body, both in the front and in the rear. In addition, it obtained important changes in the suspension, making it longer in the front of the MacPherson type and replacing the springs with springs in the rear.

In 1978 Ford Motor Company was in full celebration of its 75th anniversary and had presented for that year its new "Fox" platform taken from the Fairmont and Mercury Zephyr,40 a sedan equivalent to the Falcon, but developed towards the end of the 1970s. In dimensions it was longer than the Mustang II, but it was still lighter. However, it was still not what it had been in terms of power, since in the second stage the car lost it to the detriment of more acceptable consumption. It was offered with four, six and eight cylinder engines. The most powerful were the eight cylinders and the four turbo. Both generated 140 HP (142 hp; 104 kW) of power. 11,000 examples of the Pace car version of the Indianapolis 500 were built.

Fans of Mustang and convertibles had to wait until 1983 to see a model of this type of body again. These Mustangs were gone with the first generation and it took them ten years and two generations to get back into showrooms. A year later, one of the most valued Mustangs of this generation appeared: the SVO. Its front end was different from any other Mustang and so was its drivetrain. A turbocharged 140 in³ (2.3 liter) four-cylinder engine was used, generating 175 HP (177 hp; 130 kW) and 210 lb·ft (285 N·m) of maximum torque.

In 1986 the first Mustang V8 with electronic injection appeared. Ford decided to replace the carburetor with a more advanced injection system, which remained practically unchanged for ten years. Collectors were initially opposed to this new technology, but after testing the improvements of controlled injection and the 225 HP (228 HP; 168 kW) of power in the new engines, they quickly accepted it. A year later, in 1987, the Mustang was thoroughly redesigned, with a new, more ethereal body. The 302 in³ (4.9 liter) V8 produced 225 HP (228 hp; 168 kW). To achieve this, it incorporated substantial changes to the engine such as the roller-cam and heads that allowed better intake and exhaust flow.

The 25th Anniversary of the car was one of the dates marked in red by fans and to celebrate it, all vehicles produced between April 17, 1989 and April 17, 1990, bore the inscription with the motif "25 years ".

The year 1993 was the last of this generation and the fastest model up to that time: the Mustang Cobra, developed by the newly formed Special Vehicle Team (SVT). In this generation, the Ford Mustang McLaren M89 appears, a product of the alliance between Ford and McLaren, which was very difficult to obtain and very little known, since only 249 units were manufactured.

Another not so well-known version was also produced: the Ford Mustang RSX Rally Ghia in 1979 which was - or at least that was going to be its destiny - the rally Mustang, but would remain as a prototype.46

The Mustang III would be one of many models they had planned to develop on the new platform and was introduced several months after the debut of the Fairmont/Zephyr line, to coincide with the start of the 1979 model year and was not taken lightly. presentation of the new generation III, as it is one of the most impressive cars in the contemporary history of the automotive industry

The so-called “New Breed” was shorter than the Fairmont, which gave it exclusivity and improved its performance, making it more agile, which also allowed it to captivate former Mustang II owners or detract from sales of other “sports” cars such as the Celica. the Monza, the Scirocco, etc. In addition, the new model was developed in parallel with the Fairmont, which differed from the original Mustang, which began to be designed when the Falcon was already on the market. In addition to the McPherson front suspension, it had other important distinctive features, such as the possibility of accepting wheels between 13 to 16 inches (33.0 to 40.6 cm) or using drive trains that could generate between 80 to 250 HP (81 to 253 CV) (60 to 186 kW) without requiring major structural reinforcements. Advances in areas such as metal stamping made it possible to give the platform structural rigidity without making it heavier than that of the Mustang II and clearly increasing the offer of interior space, accessibility and habitability, even over the original dimensions of the Mustang / Falcon. This superior rigidity also made it possible to enlarge the glass surface and reduce the size of the roof posts without risk in the event of an accident.

This new Fox platform also included in its development a complete structuring, with controlled deformation zones that offered more safety in accidents and industrialization allowed us to offer unprecedented advances regarding the application of antioxidant finishes, the metals used, more zinc alloys. and aluminum, Zincrometal and similar and the type of welding or screws used to assemble the structure and body. A factor that allowed the “New Breed” Mustang to provide the same levels of mechanical performance and fuel economy as the Mustang II despite the increase in size, was the wind tunnel design. Both body versions offered a drag coefficient of less than 0.38 Cd and a reduced front surface, even though in the first models the headlights were recessed and not flush.

The new car offered, like its predecessors, two types of bodywork: the “hardtop” type with a separate trunk and the “hatchback” with a rear hatch. The “hatchback” body of the “New Breed” was exemplary for accessibility and use of space, without concessions in aesthetic terms. The result made some begin to recover the adjective “fastback” that had been discontinued when the Mustang II appeared, but in any case the last legitimate “fastback” that the Mustang range had was the 1970 model.

The materials engineering in the new Mustang was innovative, since in addition to the alloy metals already described, a higher percentage of plastics and polymers were incorporated to replace other materials. The interior finish used plastics of different textures more than ever and these eliminated textiles, metal moldings and hardware. Things that were previously made of metal, such as the handles to lower the windows, were now made of plastic, but Ford did not pay much attention to the complaints. The color coordination between plastics of different types was a distinctive feature of the higher priced versions that separated them from the basic ones.

Accentuating the trend started with the Mustang II, Ford offered the “New Breed” in different equipment and price levels. The first was just called Mustang and the “Decor” version allowed each buyer to create a “tailored” car with the list of options. In the “Sport” the accessories had a “sports” look, since the concept used in those years for sports-oriented cars was to eliminate the decorations and add ribbon stripes, graphics and striking paint colors, complemented by matching upholstery and more attractive wheels; and finally there was the top of the range, which in the “hatchback” models was called Mustang Cobra and in the “hardtop” was the Ghia, as in the Mustang II.

Mechanically, the “New Breed” were no different from other “Fox” Fords. In reality, drivetrain-wise, the cars were more equivalent to the Mustang II. The basic design principles of the overhead cam four-cylinder engine, boosted to 140 cubic inches (2.3 liters) and metric-based hardware, were retained in the “New Breed.” The V6 Cologne, created in Europe, was not forgotten with the Mustang II and in the “New Breed” it briefly coexisted with the veteran inline 6 unit presented in the original Ford Falcon and maintained over time after enlarging its 170 in³ (2 .8 liters) up to 200 cubic inches (3.3 L). Finally, the 302 inch³ (4.9 liter) V8 born in 1963 from the famous 260 inch³ (4.3 liter) Fairlane block and already used by the Mustang II and the original Mustang, was also used in the “New Breed” duly converted to metric system and renamed "5.0".

The power levels of the 140 cubic inch (2.3 liter) engine could seem insufficient, especially among those looking for more dynamism than that of a sedan. The archaic nature of the traditional engines of the North American automotive industry was also questioned and more “revolutionary” and “modern” characteristics were requested. In response, the venerable Pinto engine received upgrades, including a turbocharger, increasing its power to 145 HP (147 hp; 108 kW) and becoming standard on the Mustang Cobra. Over time, improvements included counterweights to reduce vibration levels, an intercooler and a computerized management system, but the results convinced the press that a V8, the technical scheme that Detroit had used for a quarter of a century, was a more reliable, durable and less expensive way to achieve the power levels achieved by a four-cylinder turbo engine that had to compensate for its lack of size with elements that added performance and with increased costs, durability, complexity and lack of reliability.

Other high-tech features on the “New Breed” were small rectangular sealed-beam lights recessed in a checkered grille, Euro-design alloy wheels on higher-priced models, trim and emblems made of glossy plastic and glued to the bodywork, Michelin TRX radial tires as optional equipment attached to a specific suspension, instrument panel illuminated from behind with multiple graphic details, a "check panel", etc.

The year 1981 was a fateful one for the industry and Ford offered a V8 reduced to 255 cubic inches (4.2 liters) and just over 100 HP (101 HP; 75 kW), which seemed like a good answer in terms of economy. considering that it allowed the continued use of a V8 in those days when motorists and industry were migrating to four-cylinder engines, but it was not convincing due to its performance and Ford stopped offering it.

The North American industry was questioned for the outdated nature of its engines and they called for more "European" engines with low displacements, high compressions, turbos and complex management systems, so they ended up hailing that in 1982 the GT version would be relaunched to replace the Mustang. Cobra Turbo, since the new GT had a 302 cubic inch (4.9 liter) V8 configured to offer maximum performance, but measuring its capacity in liters, so it was renamed "5.0 HO" (for High Output). The gain The increase in power over the 140 cubic inch (2.3 liter) Turbo was only a dozen horsepower to reach 157 HP (159 hp; 117 kW), but it ran better, shook less, was more reliable, and offered more. torque at low RPM.

Subsequently, and responding to the demand for more “European” technological engines, the 1985 SVO was launched, which introduced a much improved edition of the 140 in³ (2.3 liter) Turbo with intercooler and injection that ended up delivering up to 210 HP (213 HP; 157 kW). The GT's V8 also received improvements that allowed it to jump to 200 HP (203 HP; 149 kW), although the SVO's suspension and 16-inch (40.6 cm) wheels were not offered so as not to detract from its impact. Another major change in 1982 was the structuring of the range into L, GL, LX and GT levels, just like other Fords, and most of the aesthetic alterations were limited to the front, rear lights and wheels. In 1987, Ford resorted to the influence of successful European models such as the Sierra to apply its first redesign to the “New Breed” and the interior received reclining seats, new door panels and a different instrument panel, thus losing the last vestiges visuals of the now extinct Fairmont.

## Configuration

### Engine

V6 at 90° Essex 3,797 to 3,886 cm³ (3.8 to 3.9 L) (231.7 to 237.1 in³)V8 at 90°:Modular 4601 to 5409 cm³ (4.6 to 5.4 L) (280.8 to 330.1 in³)Windsor 4942 to 5766 cm³ (4.9 to 5.8 L) (301.6 to 351.9 in³)

### HorsePower

215 HP

In 1993, Ford introduced the IV generation on the SN95 structural basis, which was actually the “Fox” platform corrected in some places, especially at the front, to resist the bending and twisting inherent to the use of more powerful engines. Its styling was oriented towards the 1990s instead of continuing to evoke the 1980s. For the first time in decades, the powertrain received a substantial change when the 4,601 cm³ (4.6 L; 280.8 L) modular V8 arrived in 1996. inch) to replace the 5.0, while the V6 Essex was still available, but after several years in production, it had already improved enough to offer more power and reliability. The SN95 was manufactured until 2004 as a convertible and in the version with an oblique roof, but no longer as a hardtop or as a hatchback.

Ford stopped offering the Fox platform in 2005, in time to celebrate the 40th anniversary, and began placing increasing emphasis on high-performance versions, such as Shelby, Cobra, GT, Boss, and the like. These are the versions that have made legends, but year after year, he found his followers among those who want an ordinary, docile and reliable car, but with its own style. This concept was able to overcome the most extreme market crises and sell more than 8 million units. Most were basic versions, systematically called “ugly ducklings” by supposed “experts.”

The fourth generation is, in terms of engine, the same as the third. Ford continued to rely on the Fox platform for its new vehicles, but it is on the outside where the evolution and differences with its predecessors can be observed, which helps it distinguish between a third and fourth generation.

The 1994 vehicle marked a major change with the third generation. Its appearance became more aerodynamic and more aggressive in its lines. The 5.0 H.O. engine continued to be used. but with 215 HP (218 HP; 160 kW) instead of 225 HP (228 HP; 168 kW). The hatchback versions disappeared and it was only offered as a coupe and convertible. The 5.0 engine only lasted two years in the new generation, which was actually the same 260 cubic inch (4.3 liter) engine that appeared in the first Mustang 30 years ago. The 5.0 gave way to the much more modern 4,601 cm³ (4.6 L; 280.8 in³) overhead camshaft modular engine, which appeared in 1996 with the same power as the 1995 5.0, but grew from there. In 1998, the power had already returned to 225 HP (228 HP; 168 kW) and in the latest versions to 260 HP (264 HP; 194 kW). Furthermore, in 1996 the Mustang Cobra appeared again with this same 4,601 cm³ (4.6 L; 280.8 in³) engine, but with double overhead camshaft heads. It generated around 305 horsepower. In addition, a year later a new standard came into force for all models: the Ford Anti-Theft System (PATS).

In 1999, Ford made a renewed image for the Mustang. The company's design trends were called "New Edge" and curved lines were transformed into angled lines. It became more charged in its exterior design. Inside, the changes were limited to colors and switch locations.

The 1999 Cobra, apart from its changes in exterior design, benefited from a notable improvement in its suspension and in that year it was the first with independent suspension on the rear wheels in the Cobra R, the first without the rigid axle at the rear. The new design comes with the 35th Anniversary badge.

The SVT team continued its intervention on the car and for the 2003 model it had already developed a 4,601 cm³ (4.6 L; 280.8 in³) engine supercharged by a Roots Eaton-type volumetric compressor, which managed to develop 390 HP (395 HP ; 291 kW). In addition, it managed to get rid of one of its fiercest rivals: the Camaro, which was abandoned by Chevrolet in 2002.

The platform used in the SN95 remained the same as in the Fox, although it was rather an adaptation of this, since of the 1850 parts that constituted it, more than 1300 of these parts underwent a rather radical change, but at least The base was the same.

It was going through a not very favorable situation due to the decline in sales, that is, the new design had to be done almost with life or death: Either it would turn out well or everything would be over after 30 years of life. That's why William Boddie's team, program manager for Ford's Compact and Utility division, had to rally more than 200 Mustang enthusiasts within Ford's ranks to take on the vitally important project. for the "pony." Three priorities were set as the main objectives for the new design: that the new car would be recognized as a Mustang even if it did not display emblems, it would have to have the attributes that made it famous and it had to symbolize power.

In 1994, demand from eager customers far exceeded production of the new model, a situation that broke all Ford schemes. Something similar to what happened with the first generation shortly after its presentation.

Except in the years 1994 and 2002, all the models with m

ore features exceeded this figure, even approaching 400 HP (406 HP; 298 kW) with the SVT Cobra of 2003 and 2004, a power that until today has has been banned for normal models, with the exception of Shelbys and external preparations such as those from Roush or Saleen.

2001 was the first year in which one of the S197 generation models was available: the Mustang Bullitt. Recalling the classic 1968 Fastback GT390 of Lieutenant Frank Bullitt who drove it through the streets of San Francisco (California), Ford launched this special edition. The classic green "Dark Highland Green" was present in more than 3,000 of the more than 5,000 limited edition units produced. The rest were painted in the same black that was available for the entire range. The changes were notable, such as the 17-inch (43.2 cm) gray wheels with the classic American Racing design, the color and the side air intakes, somewhat different from the normal models, but not only was its appearance modified. aesthetics, but the suspension was retouched and lowered, to give it more maneuverability.

Another that returned in 2003 was the Mach 1 after 24 years of absence. The engine used for this resurrection was the 4601 cm³ (4.6 L; 280.8 in³) DOHC V8 that delivered a maximum power of 305 HP (309 HP; 227 kW). Its main feature was the functional "Shaker" type air intake, similar to the one used on models from the early 1970s.

Almost 10,000 units of this model were produced, which was available in six different colors: Oxford White, Zinc Yellow, Torch Red, Black, Azure Blue and Dark Shadow Grey. In all of them, a black stripe came out of the air inlet of the hood and went down to the grill, in conjunction with the black band that crossed the door on its lower part and with the inscription "Mach 1". The spoiler was also painted black.

After 16 years of absence, the Pony emblem was once again present on the front of the car, an element that was eliminated with the arrival of the third generation and which not many people liked.

This generation was not only in the parents' garage, but also in that of the girls and their Barbies, since Mattel launched a convertible and extendable model for the famous doll desired by girls.

## Configuration

### Engine

V6 at 60°:Cologne 3996 cm³ (4 L; 243.9 in³)3,726 cm³ (3.7 L; 227.4 in³) DuratecV8 at 90°:Modular 4601 to 5409 cm³ (4.6 to 5.4 L) (280.8 to 330.1 in³)4,951 cm³ (5 L; 302.1 in³) CoyoteTrinity supercharged 5,812 cm³ (5.8 L; 354.7 in³)

### HorsePower

662 HP

The fifth generation debuted on September 27, 2004 as a 2005 model, with both the coupe and the convertible being shown in Detroit that same year, 83 84 85 again being a drastic change in the Mustang. Unlike the other generations, Ford uses the strengths of the first generation in its design and creates an authentically retro-futuristic car, which is not the first that Ford puts into production, since the Thunderbird and the Ford GT were also like production models and based on models from the 1950s and 60s.

Mechanically, it is offered with a 4-liter V6 engine with 202 HP (205 HP; 151 kW) of power for the basic version; and the V8 version of 4601 cm³ (4.6 L; 280.8 in³) with 300 HP (304 HP; 224 kW) of power, with which it is capable of accelerating from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) in around 5.2 seconds with manual transmission. In mid-2006, the Shelby version appeared with a supercharged 32-valve V8 engine of 5,409 cm³ (5.4 L; 330.1 in³) that delivers a power of 500 HP (507 HP; 373 kW), coupled to a transmission six-speed manual. With this engine, the Shelby GT500 was capable of accelerating from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 4.5 seconds and reaching a limited top speed of 250 km/h (155 mph).

It features an improved appearance with less wind resistance and two new engines: a 305 HP (309 HP; 227 kW) V6 and a 412 HP (418 HP; 307 kW) 5.0 V8, called “Coyote” by engineers. both with six-speed transmission. With a technological revolution making it almost a computer with wheels and state-of-the-art security systems, with aspects that have been maintained from the first generation such as its skulls, in addition to a new and redesigned, more conservative logo. Its new interior combines conservative colors with its aggressive design, in addition to having new accessories to personalize the interiors. It also has lines from the front that make it look fast, even if it is still stopped. This car is one of the most advanced pieces of technology and safety that can ride on four wheels.

In 2005, Ford introduced the all-new Mustang platform called "D2C" and thus began the fifth generation. As Ford put it, “The new platform is designed to make Mustang faster, safer, more agile and more attractive than ever.” It began to be manufactured at the new Flat Rock plant in Michigan. For this design, called "S-197", he returned to the classic style that made the car popular in its beginnings. The 2005 model featured C-type side intakes, a 6 in (15.2 cm) longer wheelbase, and three-element taillights. In the performance field, the 3,797 cm³ (3.8 L; 231.7 in³) V6 was discontinued, replacing it with a 3,996 cm³ (4 L; 243.9 in³) SOHC V6 with 210 HP (213 hp; 157 kW).

In 2006, a V6 option with GT performance was offered. The “Pony Package” included a GT-inspired suspension, larger wheels, and a custom grille with fog lights and the pony emblem. Also presented was the special edition of the Shelby GT-H, representing the Shelby GT350 from the “Rent-A-Racer” program of the 1960s, of which 500 units were manufactured and distributed in selected Hertz car rental agencies throughout of the United States.

2007 marked the launch of the GT California Special package, only available on GT Premiums, which consisted of 18-inch (45.7 cm) wheels, black leather seats with “Cal Special” embossing, pinstripe graphics, and a of larger air. Also new was the optional heated seat system for the pilot and passenger, rearview mirror with compass and a DVD navigation system. That same year saw the launch of the Shelby GT and Shelby GT500. Both were the result of the alliance between Ford's SVT and Mustang legend Carroll Shelby. The Shelby GT featured a 4,601 cm³ (4.6 L; 280.8 in³) V8 engine with 319 HP (323 HP; 238 kW), while the GT500 was listed as the most powerful Mustang in history, with a 5,409 cm³ (5.4 L; 330.1 in³) supercharged V8 capable of generating 500 HP (507 HP; 373 kW).

In 2008, it brought with it High Density Discharge (HID) lamps, 18-inch (45.7 cm) wheels on the V6 coupe and an ambient lighting system inside. The Shelby GT was also back and the Shelby GT500KR was introduced, to commemorate the 40th Anniversary of the original “King of the Road.” The Shelby GT is powered by a 4,601 cm³ (4.6 L; 280.8 in³) V8 engine which is said to generate 319 HP (323 HP; 238 kW). The Shelby GT500KR features a supercharged 5,409 cm³ (5.4 L; 330.1 in³) V8 with a Ford Racing upgrade package, which is estimated to produce around 540 HP (547 HP; 403 kW). The Shelby GT500 also returned for that same year with 500 HP (507 hp; 373 kW) and four valves per cylinder. He also revived the Mustang Bullitt, with production limited to 7,700 units. Later, new was the limited edition “Warriors in Pink” Mustang, which features pink racing stripes, as well as a pony emblem and a pink ribbon. The GT California Special also returned for the Mustang GT Premium.

Special features of the 2009 model include a new glass top roof option, as well as special 45th anniversary badging to commemorate the 45th Anniversary of the Mustang's launch on April 17, 1964. Only 45,000 units would be sold for the model year . Satellite radio becomes standard on all models and with a premium, luxury interior, which is no longer used to identify base models.

For the 2010 model, a new redesign appears, although it still mounted the D2C platform. The car was more powerful, featured a revised and improved interior and exterior, and was available with options such as a backup camera, voice-activated navigation, and 19-inch (48.3 cm) wheels. The 4,601 cm³ (4.6 L; 280.8 in³) GT V8 produces 315 HP (319 HP; 235 kW) and 325 lb·ft (441 N·m) of maximum torque, thanks to the addition of the "Bullitt" since 2008. The V6 engine remained the same.

The changes are very varied, starting with the design that does not differ too much from the outgoing model, although the differences begin with the front, the shape of the grille, with its two integrated headlights, remains unchanged, but it is the exterior headlights that change, being now squared and with integrated turn signal. These optics take inspiration from the Ford Mustang Giugiaro Concept, presented in 2006. The hood shows a bulge located in the center called the "power dome", which is nothing more than an empty space reserved for future modifications , preparations or simply so that the engine breathes better. The side line is maintained, but is more muscular and defined, with the rear wheel arches being especially well sculpted. Another detail are the small side windows. Work has also been done on clean lines and fluid aerodynamics, which is why elements such as the antenna, headlight washers and windshield wipers have been hidden or moved. Where the changes in the exterior design are most noticeable is the rear, especially in the new rear lights, since they continue with a triple lens design, but their physiognomy is no longer so angular. The reversing light is integrated into the assembly and the LED turn signals are sequentially fired, as if they were an arrow.

In the cabin of the previous generation it was never well appreciated and suffered from a somewhat bland design, built with low quality plastics. It has been completely redesigned with overall quality. The hard plastics have been replaced by others with a more pleasant look and feel and the leather covers from the steering wheel to the door panels, including the seats. The center console extends into the transmission tunnel. Another detail is the chrome rings for the backlit instrumentation in blue and white. Another innovation is the Ford SYNC system, which allows you to diagnose the vehicle's mechanical health on the fly, as well as make calls to emergency services in case of problems. The AdvanceTrac stability control system is standard across the range.

In this fifth generation, great legends returned, such as the Boss 2011 and the Mustang Shelby GT500, among other special versions. In 2011, it saw the return of the 5.0 V8 engine in the GT model, which would come equipped with double overhead camshafts, four valves per cylinder and Independently Variable Valve Timing (Ti-VCT), nicknamed the "Coyote", which produces 412 HP (418 HP; 307 kW) and 390 lb·ft (529 N·m) of maximum torque. The 3.7-liter V6 is also revised and improved to offer more power and better fuel economy, which was known as the Duratec 24-valve, capable of generating 305 HP (309 HP; 227 kW) and 280 lb·ft (380 N· m) maximum torque.

The 2012 model remained relatively unchanged from the 2011. A new exterior color option, "Lava Red Metallic" and the deletion of "Sterling Gray Metallic" were offered, plus some new takes on the previous year's model as standard equipment. for premium models, such as: universal garage doors, sun visors, a storage system, as well as illuminated visor mirrors.

In 2013, only one unit of the Ford Mustang Red Tails Edition was produced, which was auctioned for more than €300 thousand. Also in 2013, the Shelby version appeared with a supercharged 32-valve aluminum V8 block of 5,812 cm³ (5.8 L; 354.7 in³) and a power of 662 HP (671 HP; 494 kW) and 631 lb·ft. (856 N·m) of maximum torque mated to a six-speed manual transmission. With this engine it was capable of accelerating from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 3.6 seconds and reaching a limited top speed of 250 km/h (155 mph); and 325 km/h (202 mph) without limiter. Its production is very limited, since 10,000 copies are produced in the United States per year. In Mexico it went on sale in early 2008 with a limited quantity of 100 units. It features a cobra on the front and rear instead of the “Wild Horse,” which sets it apart from other Mustangs. For its part, the GT saw a power increase to 420 HP (426 hp; 313 kW). A six-speed SelectShift automatic gearbox was made available, plus the Track Apps system could be accessed via a 4.2-inch (10.7 cm) LCD screen.

The 2014 model was the last of the generation, which featured some exterior color changes and a few package updates. There were no changes to the interiors or functional equipment. The special edition Boss 302 was discontinued, which was limited to a two-year production run, as was the original version offered only in 1969 and 1970.

### Giugiaro Concept

The Ford Mustang Giugiaro Concept is a production concept car of the fifth generation of the Ford Mustang, which debuted in 2006 at the Los Angeles Auto Show. It was designed by Italdesign Giugiaro under Fabrizio Giugiaro, the son of Giorgetto Giugiaro.

The front was supposed to be very similar to that of the Chevrolet Camaro Concept, taking into account that both have a slight similarity. It doesn't have that rough and angular line so typical of American designs, but it would look better as a reissue of the Ford Capri in Europe, like a "European-style" Mustang.

The engine would be the most powerful and also never seen inside a Mustang, although in reality it was equipped with the same 4,601 cm³ (4.6 L; 280.8 in³) V8 engine from the Mustang GT, to which they added a Ford Racing compressor, the injectors have been replaced with what the Ford GT used, while the intake passes through a 95 mm (3.74 inch) duct and the entire exhaust line comes from the Ford Racing division. All these improvements increase the power to 500 HP (507 HP; 373 kW).

Giugiaro's study has based its design on the Ford Mustang FR500C, hence it is equipped with such a powerful engine and its line and behavior are more aggressive than current models. Inside, the instrument panel is acceptable, while the seats leave a lot to be desired. It has been a totally different concept from seeing a Mustang.

## Configuration

### Engine

2,261 cm³ (2.3 L; 138 in³) EcoBoost Turbo inline-43,726 cm³ (3.7 L; 227.4 in³) Duratec V6V8 at 90° Coyote 4951 to 5038 cm³ (5 to 5 L) (302.1 to 307.4 in³)5,163 cm³ (5.2 L; 315.1 in³) Voodoo5,163 cm³ (5.2 L; 315.1 in³) supercharged Predator

### HorsePower

760 HP

The new model began production on July 14, 2014 as a 2015 model,102 when the first examples reached both customers and dealers during the fall of that same year,103 although there was speculation that it could have gone on sale. on sale since the spring, marking 50 years since the launch of the first generation on April 17, 1964.1 It is wider by 40 mm (1.57 inches), lower by 38 mm (1.50 inches) and more dynamic in as aesthetic as its predecessor, the design is reminiscent of the original Mustang with Ford's "Kinetic Design" language. In this generation, unlike previous ones, the model was not created aimed solely at the American market, but with a more global conception. Good proof of this is that it would be the first Mustang to be sold on a large scale in the European market. Thanks to its engine, it can reach a limited 270 km/h (168 mph) and without limitation it can reach 320 km/h (199 mph).

It has several engines, the main novelty being a 2.3 L EcoBoost four-cylinder that delivers around 305 HP (309.2 HP) and 300 lb·ft (407 N·m) of maximum torque. In the United States, the well-known V6 and V8 Coyote are maintained, although with better performance.106​ As basic equipment we find a Getrag six-speed manual gearbox that transmits power to the rear wheels, among which, optionally, you can count with a self-locking differential. A six-speed torque converter automatic transmission with paddles behind the steering wheel is also available as an option.

For the first time in the history of the Mustang, it incorporates an independent multi-link suspension on the rear wheels, replacing the rigid axle used in previous generations. The front also changes, using a McPherson scheme with double lower ball joints and two tubular braces that anchor those two ball joints to the chassis, instead of an "L"-shaped arm. As for the brakes, if we opt for the "performance pack", we will have four-piston rigid front calipers for the EcoBoost and six for the V8, both signed by Brembo and located on 19-inch (48.3 cm) wheels. diameter.

The new version of the Mustang shows similarities with the Ford Fusion car, having more aesthetic features, with a more aerodynamic design showing luxuries inside and outside the car. It is available in a 3,726 cm³ (3.7 L; 227.4 in³) V6 version and a 4,951 cm³ (5 L; 302.1 in³) V8 version with new calibrations. The convertible is the more carefree cousin of the fastback which, although sharing the same genes, was deliberately designed from top to bottom as a convertible. Speaking of awnings, this new convertible can be lowered in half the time than the previous generation. This new 2015 generation has a look that says all-new and an all-Mustang soul. In 2015, Ford produced the Ford Mustang Apollo Edition, a single unit auctioned for more than €200 thousand.

It was presented in January 2015 at the Detroit Auto Show, from €37,000 with the EcoBoost engine and from €44,000 with the V8 engine. The versions are EcoBoost and GT that would be sold in Spain and both bodies, both Fastback and convertible, during the presentation in southern Germany. The manufacturer had high hopes for the model, since thanks to a reasonable price and power levels that would cost much more money in its German competitors, Ford expected to sell quite a few. It was done through any dealership, although the customer who wants preferential treatment can go to one of the 35 Ford Stores.

The cabin sports some hard plastic, on the door moldings or on the glove box lid, which attract the most attention, but it is offset by chrome details, such as the Mustang horse logo on the steering wheel. The Ford logo is in the "factory inscriptions", the trunk offers a cargo volume of 408 L (14.4 cubic feet) in the version with Fastback body and 332 L (11.7 cubic feet) in the case of the convertible variant. It has two types of engine: The 2.3-liter EcoBoost offers 317 HP (321 HP; 236 kW) at 5,500 rpm and a maximum torque of 432 N m (319 lb ft) at 3,000 rpm. It has a lot of power and is quite full in almost all the regimes, except in the highest area of ​​the tachometer, something that turbocharged engines usually suffer from. In Fastback bodywork, it allows acceleration from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 5.8 seconds, returning a consumption of 8 L/100 km (12.5 km/L; 29.4 mpgAm) with manual transmission and much higher 9.8 L/100 km (10.2 km/L; 24.0 mpgAm) if the automatic transmission is equipped. In real driving with manual transmission and Fastback body, it is difficult to go below 9 L/100 km (11.1 km/L; 26.1 mpgAm) and the naturally aspirated V8 of 4951 cm³ (5 L; 302.1 in³).

### 50 Year Limited Edition

A total of 1,964 units of a version of the 2015 GT Coupe with a performance package and a manual or automatic transmission were made to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Mustang vehicle line. Changes included a choice of two body colors in Wimbledon White and Kona Blue, rear shutters with layered glass slats, cashmere-wrapped and leather-wrapped steering wheel, cashmere stitching on instrument panel, gear lever, center armrest , door inserts and seats; exclusive two-tone cashmere and black leather upholstery, Mustang 50 Year logo on seat backs, floor mats with cashmere stitching and suede binding, 19-inch (48.3 cm) alloy wheels with 9-inch (22. 9 cm) front and 9.5 inches (24.1 cm) rear, with Y-spoke design, 255/40R front and 275/40R rear tires. It was presented at the 2014 New York Auto Show.109 The vehicle went on sale in September 2015.110 This model would be marketed as a 2015½ model, paying homage to the original 1964½ model. The Wimbledon White and Kona Blue colors would no longer be available after the limited edition's 50-year discontinuation when the model runs out of stock.

On August 16, 2015, a "one-of-one" convertible version of the limited edition 50-year-old was raffled off for charity on the "Woodward Dream Cruise", with proceeds going to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society.111 The '50 Years Appearance Package' will continue to be available on 'EcoBoost Premium, GT Premium Fastback and Cabrio models following the sale of the 50 Years Limited Edition. Chrome 19-inch (48.3 cm) alloy wheels, the 'Stable' style front grille, 'Running Horse' front fender badges, a unique 'Raven' interior color scheme and more will be added. A limited-edition 2015 50-year-old model served as the pace car for the NASCAR Sprint Cup and Nationwide Series races during the Ford Championship weekend at Homestead-Miami Speedway, Nov. 14-16, 2015.

### Galping Mustang

Unveiled at the 2015 Los Angeles Auto Show, the self-described "Ultimate American Muscle Car" was shown to the world as a specially designed 2015 Mustang by Galpin Auto Sports trainer and designer Henrik Fisker.

Simply called the "Rocket", it was equipped with a supercharger developing 725 HP (735 hp; 541 kW) and used carbon fiber extensively for the body, from the carbon fiber grille, front splitter, side skirts, rear cover and rear diffuser. In addition to exotic materials, it features 21-inch (53.3 cm) ADV.1 wheels and massive 15-inch (38.1 cm) Brembo brakes along with a special leather interior.

A convertible version introduced at the 2014 Los Angeles Auto Show, billed as the "Ultimate American Muscle Car", was shown to the world as a specially designed 2015 model by Galpin Auto Sports coach and designer Henrik Fisker, although it was never released. has been put into production, only in a conceptualized version.

### Shelby GT350

The new 2015 version has the most powerful naturally aspirated engine ever placed in a model of this type. The new Shelby GT350 has been built on the original idea of ​​the late Carroll Shelby, but enriched with the technology, design and handling of the sixth generation of this pony car.

The new 5,163 cm³ (5.2 L; 315.1 in³) engine features a flat-design crankshaft, an architecture typically found in sports racing cars or exotic models from Europe. Unlike a traditional V8, where the connecting rods join the crankshaft at 90-degree intervals, the GT350's crankshaft has 180-degree intervals. This geometry, combined with the new cylinder head and valve train design, allows for better breathing and performance of the V8 engine. The result is the most powerful naturally aspirated, mass-produced engine in a Mustang, with more than 500 HP (507 HP; 373 kW) and approximately 400 lb·ft (542 N·m) of torque. ). This power is transmitted to the ground through a six-speed manual transmission that is complemented by a Torsen limited-slip differential, optimized for better cornering grip. Additionally, the torsional strength of the new 2015 model platform was improved by approximately 28 percent.

That rigid structure ensures that the suspension geometry remains consistent, even under severe driving conditions. In addition, frontal rigidity was improved in the new GT350 thanks to some elements made of injection-molded carbon fiber composites, which are complemented by a torsion bar made of ultra-light, but very resistant materials. At the front, the springs and bushings were recalibrated to offer a lower ride height, compared to the standard GT. For optimal handling, tires and rims need to offer quick response around all corners of the road, as well as a reduction in unsprung weight to improve handling response.

The high-performance brake system features a complete Brembo package, which consists of two-piece 15.5-inch (394 mm) diameter slotted rotors at the front and 15.0-inch (380 mm) diameter slotted rotors at the rear. rear. The discs have six- and four-piston calipers, respectively. It also features 19 x 10.5-inch (482.6 x 266.7 mm) aluminum wheels at the front and 19 x 11-inch (482.6 x 279.4 mm) at the rear, with Michelin Pilot tires Super Sport, specifically created. In addition, for optimal handling response it incorporates the MagneRide application, which continuously controls the behavior of the shock absorbers, which incorporate hydraulic fluid impregnated with metal particles.

The interior was optimized with Recaro competition seats, with specific upholstery. It also has a flat-bottomed, racing-style steering wheel, as well as specific instruments. Chrome and shiny finishes were minimized or eliminated to avoid annoying reflections that distract the pilot. In addition, it has five different driving modes, which can be chosen to suit the pilot. The ABS systems, stability control, traction control, power monitoring and exhaust adjustments are added.

### 2018 Restyling

The 2018 model has several modifications compared to the previous model, but it maintains the V8 in the range and its manual transmission has two clutch discs. It is one more example that the GT V8 is positioned as a true sports car, increasingly closer to muscle cars like the Shelby GT350, than to a pony car.

Devised by some Ford engineers in their spare time, the Performance Pack level 2 has been developed outside the original equipment of the new generation, but it has turned out so well that the brand's bosses have dared to bring out the most radical of the model.

Associated only with the eight-cylinder engine with manual gearbox, level 2 changes the Mustang inside and out and, although the maximum power figure will continue to be 460 HP (466 HP; 343 kW), the most powerful, since Although no mechanical improvements have been made, the running gear and aerodynamics are considerably improved. In addition to specific 19-inch (48.3 cm) wheels shod with Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2 tires in sizes 305/30-19, the chassis fine-tunes its behavior with a recalibrated MagneRide suspension, front and rear stabilizer bars, front and rear springs 67%, 12%, 20% and 13% more rigid, respectively compared to level 1 and a height that places the body 13 mm lower.

Externally the changes are also notable, starting with a new supplementary front splitter that produces 11 kg (24.3 lb) more downforce at 129 km/h (80 mph) and a new fixed rear spoiler, apart from the aforementioned wheels.

On the other hand, the V6 engine disappears from the range, since the 2.3-liter EcoBoost turbo was already faster and more efficient, while the 4,951 cm³ (5 L; 302.1 in³) V8 of the GT and the 5,163 cm³ (5.2 L; 315.1 in³) of the GT350 version. The version of the renewed 2018 EcoBoost is faster and more efficient than previous versions, since it only incorporates the new 10-speed gearbox, capable of better transmitting power to the rear wheels than the traditional 6-speed gearbox. Likewise, the EcoBoost, since it has a reinforced (forged) engine and a turbo system, gives way to a series of optimizations and modifications that can be made to the engine for a considerable increase in power with a high degree of reliability.

The power of a turbo car is easier compared to a naturally aspirated one and the EcoBoost is no exception, with a simple reprogramming by specialists that can develop up to 370 HP (375 HP; 276 kW) and, overall, with better and more efficient components such as a high flow filter, larger intercooler, downpipe and a high flow catalyst, it is possible to increase power up to 440 HP (446 HP; 328 kW), depending on the performance of the products. aforementioned.

### Mustang Bullitt

Its launch was expected in the summer of 2018 at the Detroit Auto Show. It is a limited edition created in tribute to the original car from the 1968 film Bullitt, starring Steve McQueen, which was celebrating five decades at that time.

It was only offered in two body colors: the specific dark Highland Green with chrome details like in the movie, or a Shadow black tone. It is equipped with 19-inch (48.3 cm) wheels, Brembo brake calipers painted in red, a darkened grille and barely incorporates version badges.

It has the same 5,038 cm³ (5 L; 307.4 in³) Coyote V8 engine as the regular GT, although in this case with a power of 480 HP (487 HP; 358 kW) and a maximum torque of 420 lb·ft ( 569 N·m), giving it a top speed of 262 km/h (163 mph), that is, 13 km/h (8 mph) more than the conventional GT. A manual gearbox is coupled, the lever knob reminiscent of the original.

Equipment includes a leather-wrapped and heated steering wheel, 12-inch (30.5 cm) LCD digital instrument panel with specific "Bullitt" graphics, leather upholstery for the optional Recaro seats with green contrast stitching.

It also has an exhaust system with valves to vary its note, as well as Black NitroPlate exhaust tailpipes. In addition, it benefits from the intake manifold of the 'Voodoo' V8 engine from the Shelby GT 350, a new air induction system and new electronic management.

Available options include navigation, an improved sound system, driving assistants or memory function for the driver's seat and mirrors, or the MagneRide semi-active suspension.

### Shelby GT500

Before the end of 2019, they would show the most powerful street Mustang of all time at the Detroit Auto Show: the 2019 Ford Mustang Shelby GT500, although already as a 2020 model.

It is developed by Ford Performance with a 5,163 cm³ (5.2 L; 315.1 in³) aluminum alloy V8 engine that shares a block with the GT350, but supercharged by an Eaton supercharger that delivers a power of more than 710 HP ( 720 hp; 529 kW). In addition, it adds aluminum cylinder heads, larger forged connecting rods, improved lubrication and cooling systems, with a cooling capacity 50% greater than that of the GT350, while the compressor is 2.65 liters (2.8 USqt). The transmission shaft that carries power to the rear axle is made of carbon fiber.

The engine is associated with a seven-speed automatic dual-clutch gearbox from Tremec, capable of making gear changes in 100 milliseconds and with various operating modes: normal, sport, drag, track, weather, etc. It includes line-lock and launch control functions, to lock the front wheels and burn tires; and for quick exits from a standstill.

In terms of aerodynamics, it offers the highest downforce of any Mustang in history. It claims 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) in around 3.5 seconds and a 1/4 mile (402 m) in less than 11 seconds.

It has installed a new suspension geometry, a new electric power steering, lighter springs and the new generation of MagneRide adaptive dampers. As for the brakes, they are in charge of the Brembo team, with 420 mm (16.5 inches) discs on the front axle, the largest of any American coupe, and six-piston calipers.

Michelin Pilot Sport 4S tires were offered, as well as more aggressive Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2 tires, depending on the needs of each customer. The latter were part of the 'Carbon Fiber Track Package' package, which dispenses with the rear seats and also included 20-inch (50.8 cm) carbon wheels, adjustable carbon GT4 spoiler, splitter with side fins, among other options.

In the interior cabin you have optional racing-inspired elements: carbon instrument panel, Recaro seats prepared for harnesses, electrically adjustable seats with suede inserts, etc. As standard, the model includes a 12-inch (30.5 cm) digital instrument panel, an 8-inch (20.3 cm) multimedia screen, a 12-speaker B&O Play sound system, etc.

Available body colors include new Hot Red, Twisted Orange and Iconic Silver, plus classic contrast accent stripes for the exterior.

## Configuration

### Engine

2,261 cm³ (2.3 L; 138 in³) EcoBoost turbo inline-45,038 cm³ (5 L; 307.4 in³) Coyote 90° V8

### HorsePower

500 HP

The new generation model would have a life cycle that will last 8 years, according to the decisions made by the manufacturer. This would help, at the same time, save costs in engineering and development for a model, which in volumes would be unable to rival the other vehicles in the North American market, which demonstrates the confidence they have in this sports car. It was also expected to be supported by a platform that would even allow four-wheel drive to be added.

It would be assembled at the Flat Rock, Michigan plant. Initially, certain clues were given that it would have a six-speed manual transmission with a leaked image, that is, it would maintain a three-pedal configuration. The first rumors suggested that it would be presented at the end of 2022 and would go on sale starting in the summer of 2023. Shortly after, it was announced that a ten-speed automatic transmission would also be available.

Some of the changes it presents in terms of design are not too different from the sixth generation, since it maintains the lines and shapes of recent years, although by paying more attention and observing it in more detail, you can appreciate the differences.131​ Its The main changes are: a new lights, a more square and lower "U"-shaped grille with a reduced size which is a significant change, as well as an air intake in the elongated hood with a flatter nose, a larger windshield steep and slightly wider fenders,136 adding a touch of angularity and modernity. At the rear it has an enlarged rear spoiler module and a redesigned diffuser to improve aerodynamics.132 It was initially rumored that it would be electric, which was ruled out, although a hybrid variant will probably be offered later. The engine options that are entirely gasoline,131​ would continue to be a 5,038 cm³ (5 L; 307.4 in³) Coyote V8 or a 2,261 cm³ (2.3 L; 138 in³) EcoBoost four-cylinder engine.

It was officially presented on September 14, 2022 at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit, during an event called "The Stampede".139 It would continue to be offered in both coupe and convertible bodies.131 Its arrival in Europe would take a few months. more, now as a 2024 model.

*""Mustang is the world's best-selling sports car because there's one for everyone, from an EcoBoost convertible to a 5-liter V8 GT fastback coupe. Now it's time for a new stampede of owners, fans and employees to welcome the Next chapter of the Mustang legacy: the seventh generation, which will be the best yet..."*

said: Jim Farley, president and CEO of Ford Motor Company.

It was expected to have a larger, sectioned grille for the GT version, larger air intakes and more rectangular headlights,134​ slim and stylized with a distinctive all-LED triple projector design and a sharper shape,131​ but nothing more elaborate on an aesthetic level. It was also estimated that the pilots would remain with three vertical bars. Inside, it was expected to include a double central touch screen housed by a single piece of glass and a clean dashboard design with few buttons and digitized.135 The pilot's screen is 12.9 inches (32.8 cm). inspired by fighter jets, while the second is 13.2 inches (33.5 cm) which, instead of running with the Android Automotive operating system, would be with the new SYNC 4 infotainment system, already used previously in other manufacturer's models, which is compatible with Amazon Alexa, Apple CarPlay and Android Auto, in addition to graphic technology by the Unreal Engine 3D.134 The digital dashboard cluster includes six customizable driving modes, control over the colors of the screen , gauges and ambient lighting, as well as night mode and "Fox Body" themes. The steering wheel is flat-bottomed, a style that gives more room to get in and out of the driver's seat, as well as more knee room.136​ Optionally, the customer could order the Performance package, which includes Recaro seats, Brembo brakes , Torsen-type limited slip differential, wider tires and electronic handbrake.131 The other technological innovations include a reinforced package of safety and driver assistance systems, with traffic sign recognition, intelligent adaptive cruise control with "" Stop & Go", lane centering assist, evasive power steering, reverse braking assist and an active suspension that performs a constant analysis of the chassis, steering and braking, adjusting the suspension as required. It has six driving modes: Normal, Sport, Slide, Drag, Track and another customizable additional one, in addition to an automatic heel-toe system, which is standard on the GT.

### Mustang GTD

The GTD version would be the fastest road-legal Mustang of all time. It was presented during the 2023 Monterey, California Car Week. 140 The acronym "GTD" has nothing to do with a diesel engine, but instead refers to the IMSA GT Daytona class competition category. It is an exclusive limited series of which it has not been announced how many units would be manufactured, whose production would begin until the end of 2024 or beginning of 2025. 141 To this end, massive use would be made of light materials, mainly carbon fiber, taking the racing technology from the GT3.

The suspension has coil springs and variable hardness shock absorbers. The scheme is very different compared to other Mustangs, especially on the rear axle where a "pushrod" type push rod system has been installed, that is, the springs and shock absorbers are placed almost horizontally and mounted on a tubular subframe. The height of the body varies 40 mm (1.57 inches) using hydraulic mechanisms. The brakes are made by Brembo, whose discs are made of carbon-ceramic material and with fixed calipers, although it has not been specified how many pistons. The standard wheels are forged aluminum, but magnesium wheels can also be optionally ordered, as it is lighter. The tires are Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2, measuring 325/30 ZR20 inches (50.8 cm) on the front axle and 345/30 ZR20 inches (50.8 cm) on the rear.

Almost the entire body is made of carbon fiber, although the doors are made of aluminum and, optionally, there is an aerodynamic package composed of lower fairings also made of fiber, as well as an active aerodynamics system that acts on the front deflector and the spoiler. rear. The weight has not yet been announced, but the manufacturer indicates that it would have a 50/50% weight distribution.

Inside, plastic, carbon fiber, suede and leather are used to cover all elements. Some other parts can be manufactured with recycled aluminum from the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor fighter plane.144 The seats are provided by the Recaro firm only for the front seats, because the rear seats have been eliminated to reduce weight and provide space load.

Its 5,163 cm³ (5.2 L; 315.1 in³) supercharged V8 engine is designed by Ford Performance, which has been tuned to develop a power of more than 800 HP (811 HP; 597 kW) at a maximum speed of 7500 rpm, being the first to use a dry sump lubrication system in a street Mustang and an available titanium active valve exhaust system. This is mated to an eight-speed dual-clutch gearbox manufactured by Tremec and which made its debut in the 2020 Chevrolet Corvette Stingray, which is mounted on the rear axle and linked to the engine by a carbon fiber shaft.