Central Park North–110th Street station

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The **Central Park North–110th Street station** (signed as **110 St–Central Park North** on overhead signs) is a station on the IRT Lenox Avenue Line of the New York City Subway, located at the intersection of 110th Street and Lenox Avenue at the southern edge of Harlem, Manhattan. It is served by the 2 and 3 trains at all times.

The 110th Street–Central Park North station was constructed for the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) as part of the city's first subway line, which was approved in 1900. Construction on the tunnel to the south of 110th Street started on August 30, and construction on the tunnel to the north started on October 2 of the same year. The station opened on November 23, 1904. The station's platform was lengthened in 1910.

The 110th Street–Central Park North station contains one island platform and two tracks. The station was built with tile and mosaic decorations. The platform contains exits to Lenox Avenue's intersections with 110th Street and 111th Street.

## History

### Construction and opening

Planning for a subway line in New York City dates to 1864.Template:Rp However, development of what would become the city's first subway line did not start until 1894, when the New York State Legislature authorized the Rapid Transit Act.Template:Rp The subway plans were drawn up by a team of engineers led by William Barclay Parsons, chief engineer of the Rapid Transit Commission. It called for a subway line from New York City Hall in Lower Manhattan to the Upper West Side, where two branches would lead north into the Bronx.Template:Rp A plan was formally adopted in 1897, and legal challenges were resolved near the end of 1899.Template:Rp The Rapid Transit Construction Company, organized by John B. McDonald and funded by August Belmont Jr., signed the initial Contract 1 with the Rapid Transit Commission in February 1900, in which it would construct the subway and maintain a 50-year operating lease from the opening of the line.Template:Rp In 1901, the firm of Heins & LaFarge was hired to design the underground stations.Template:Rp Belmont incorporated the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) in April 1902 to operate the subway.Template:Rp

The 110th Street–Central Park North station was constructed as part of the IRT's East Side Branch (now the Lenox Avenue Line). Farrell & Hopper began building the section from 110th Street to 135th Street on August 30, 1900. Farrell & Hopper started constructing the section from 103rd Street to 110th Street and Lenox Avenue on October 2, 1900.Template:Rp The excavation was relatively easy because the subway was under one side of Lenox Avenue and there were no street railway tracks to work around.Template:Rp At Lenox Avenue and 110th Street, a Template:Convert diameter circular brick sewer, draining Template:Convert of the west side of Manhattan, was intersected by the subway. A new sewer of equal diameter, but to a depth sufficient to pass beneath the subway was constructed on either side of the subway structure. Where the sewer passed beneath the subway, the brick sewer was replaced by three Template:Convert diameter cast iron pipes.Template:Rp

On November 23, 1904, the East Side Branch opened to 145th Street. Initially, the station was served by East Side local and express trains. Local trains ran from City Hall to Lenox Avenue (145th Street). Express trains had their southern terminus at South Ferry or Atlantic Avenue and had their northern terminus at 145th Street or West Farms (180th Street). Express trains to 145th Street were eliminated in 1906, and West Farms express trains operated through to Atlantic Avenue in Brooklyn.

### Service changes and station renovations

To address overcrowding, in 1909, the New York Public Service Commission proposed lengthening platforms at stations along the original IRT subway.Template:Rp As part of a modification to the IRT's construction contracts, made on January 18, 1910, the company was to lengthen station platforms to accommodate ten-car express and six-car local trains. In addition to $1.5 million (equivalent to $Template:Inflation million in Template:Inflation/year) spent on platform lengthening, $500,000 (Template:Inflation) was spent on building additional entrances and exits. It was anticipated that these improvements would increase capacity by 25 percent.Template:Rp The platform at the 110th Street–Central Park North station was extended Template:Convert to the north.Template:Rp On January 23, 1911, ten-car express trains began running on the East Side Line.Template:Rp

In 1918, the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line opened south of Times Square–42nd Street, thereby dividing the original line into an "H"-shaped system. Local trains were sent to South Ferry, while express trains used the new Clark Street Tunnel to Brooklyn.

The IRT routes were given numbered designations with the introduction of "R-type" rolling stock. These fleet contained rollsigns with numbered designations for each service. The first such fleet, the R12, was put into service in 1948. The route to White Plains Road, formerly the route to West Farms, became known as the 2, while the route to Lenox Avenue–145th Street became the 3. In 1959, all 2 and 3 trains became express. In November 1959, the Warshaw Construction Company received a contract to remove fifteen entrance/exit kiosks on IRT lines, including three at the 110th Street station: two at the 111th Street entrance and one at the 110th Street entrance. This was part of a citywide initiative to remove the kiosks, which obstructed motorists' views of pedestrians.

Starting on March 2, 1998, the tunnel was reconstructed along with the cracked tunnel floor. This was done to correct a major water problem that had existed for many years due to the presence of the Harlem Creek and other underground streams, which caused extensive flooding, water damage, and seepage problems that occasionally contributed to severe service disruptions. The project cost $82 million and was finished on October 12, 1998. During the reconstruction, many Template:NYCS trains were rerouted via the IRT Lexington Avenue Line, while the Template:NYCS trains were rerouted to the 137th Street–City College station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line. Each of the two Lenox Avenue Line tracks were alternately taken out of service and supplemental shuttle bus service connecting to other lines in the area were provided for much of this time.

On March 27, 2020, a northbound 2 train caught fire as it entered the Central Park North–110th Street station, killing the operator, injuring at least 16 others, and damaging the station. The incident was investigated as a possible arson, as several other fires had been observed in nearby stations.

## Station layout

 File:110st23jeh.JPG

 **P**Platform level

The 110th Street–Central Park North station has two tracks and an island platform. The 2 and 3 trains stop here at all times. The platform was originally Template:Convert long, as at other stations north of 96th Street.Template:RpTemplate:Rp The platform is wider at its south end than at its north, where it was extended in the 1950s and the tracks curve.

This underground station is the southernmost station on the Lenox Avenue Line. South of this station, the line turns southwest under the Great Hill and North Woods of Central Park, then west under 104th Street, and then south once again at Broadway, merging with the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line to become the express tracks of that line.

### Design

As with other stations built as part of the original IRT, the station was constructed using a cut-and-cover method.Template:Rp The tunnel is covered by a "U"-shaped trough that contains utility pipes and wires. The bottom of this trough contains a foundation of concrete no less than Template:Convert thick.Template:Rp The platform consists of Template:Convert concrete slabs, beneath which are drainage basins. The original platform contains circular, cast-iron Doric-style columns spaced every Template:Convert, while the platform extensions contain I-beam columns. Additional columns beside the tracks, spaced every Template:Convert, support the jack-arched concrete station roofs.Template:RpTemplate:Rp There is a Template:Convert gap between the trough wall and the track walls, which are made of Template:Convert-thick brick covered over by a tiled finish.Template:Rp

The original decorative scheme consisted of blue/green tile panels and green and buff tile bands.Template:Rp The mosaic tiles at all original IRT stations were manufactured by the American Encaustic Tile Company, which subcontracted the installations at each station.Template:Rp The decorative work was performed by tile contractor John H. Parry.Template:Rp The station's artwork, installed during a 1998 renovation, is called *Message from Malcolm* by Maren Hassinger. It consists of mosaic panels on the platform and main fare control area's street stairs that depict quotes and writings by Malcolm X written in script and surrounded by mosaic borders.

### Exits

This station has two fare control areas, both of which are on platform level. The full-time one is at the south end and has a bank of four turnstiles, token booth, and double-wide staircase going up to the northwest corner of Central Park North and Malcolm X Boulevard. A full height turnstile at the center of the platform leads to a staircase that goes up to the northwest corner of West 111th Street and Malcolm X Boulevard.

## External links

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* Template:NYCS ref
* nycsubway.org – Message from Malcolm Artwork by Maren Hassinger (1998)
* Station Reporter — 2 Train
* Station Reporter — 3 Train
* The Subway Nut – Central Park North–110th Street Pictures Template:Webarchive
* MTA's Arts For Transit – Central Park North–110th Street (IRT Lenox Avenue Line)
* 110th Street (Central Park North) entrance from Google Maps Street View
* 111th Street entrance from Google Maps Street View
* Platform from Google Maps Street View

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1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Template:Cite book
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Interborough Rapid Transit System, Underground Interior. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (October 23, 1979).
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Template:Cite book
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Scott, Charles (1978). Design and Construction of the IRT: Civil Engineering 208–282 (PDF pp. 209–283). Historic American Engineering Record.
5. ↑ Template:Cite book
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10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Template:Cite book
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21. ↑ Lenox Rehab '98 2 3 Lenox Line Service Guide March 2-October 1998. New York City Transit (1998).
22. ↑ One dead, at least 16 hurt in New York City subway fire (en).
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24. ↑ Tracy, Thomas. Hero MTA train operator dies trying to evacuate commuters from Harlem subway fire, at least nine others hospitalized.
25. ↑ ‘Hero’ Train Conductor Dead, 16 Hurt in NYC Subway Fire; Blaze Probed as Suspicious: Officials (en-US).
26. ↑ Template:NYCS const
27. ↑ Template:NYCS const
28. ↑ Template:NYCS const
29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 29.5 29.6 Framberger, David J. (1978). Architectural Designs for New York's First Subway 1–46 (PDF pp. 367–412). Historic American Engineering Record.
30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Template:Cite NYC neighborhood map