Metaverse

MetaverseMetaverse

The **Metaverse** is a collective virtual shared space, created by the convergence of virtually enhanced physical reality and physically persistent virtual space, including the sum of all virtual worlds, augmented reality, and the internet. The word *metaverse* is a portmanteau of the prefix "meta" (meaning "beyond") and "universe" and is typically used to describe the concept of a future iteration of the internet, made up of persistent, shared, 3D virtual spaces linked into a perceived virtual universe.

The term was coined in Neal Stephenson's 1992 science fiction novel *Snow Crash*, where humans, as avatars, interact with each other and software agents, in a three-dimensional space that uses the metaphor of the real world. Stephenson used the term to describe a virtual reality-based successor to the Internet. Concepts similar to the Metaverse have appeared under a variety of names in the cyberpunk genre of fiction as far back as 1981 in the novella *True Names*. Stephenson stated in the afterword to *Snow Crash* that after finishing the novel he learned about *Habitat*, an early MMORPG which resembled the Metaverse.

## Developing technical standards

Conceptually, the Metaverse describes a future internet of persistent, shared, 3D virtual spaces linked into a perceived virtual universe, but common standards, interfaces, and communication protocols between and among virtual environment systems are still in development. Several collaborations and working groups have been established in an attempt to create the types of standards and protocols that would be needed to support interoperability between virtual environments, including:

* Virtual Worlds—Standard for Systems Virtual Components Working Group (P1828), IEEE (2010–Present)
* Information technology—Media context and control—Part 4: Virtual world object characteristics (ISO/IEC 23005-4:2011), ISO (2008–Present)
* Immersive Education Technology Group (IETG), Media Grid (2008–Present)
* Virtual World Region Agent Protocol (VWRAP), IETF (2009–2011)
* The Metaverse Roadmap, Acceleration Studies Foundation (2006–2007)
* The Open Source Metaverse Project, (2004–2008)

## References

1. ↑ "Smart, J.M., Cascio, J. and Paffendorf, J., Metaverse Roadmap Overview, 2007.". Accelerated Studies Foundation. Retrieved 2010-09-23.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Web Archive of IEEE VW Standard Working Group". 2014-06-08. Retrieved 2016-01-29.
3. ↑ In the acknowledgments section following the text of *Snow Crash*, Stephenson writes: *The words "avatar" (in the sense it is used here) and "Metaverse" are my invention, which I came up with when I decided that existing words (such as "virtual reality") were simply too awkward to use.*
4. ↑ "Virtual Worlds - Standard for Systems Virtual Components". IEEE. Retrieved 2011-10-08.
5. ↑ "Information technology -- Media context and control -- Part 4: Virtual world object characteristics (ISO/IEC 23005-4:2011)". ISO. Retrieved 2011-10-08.
6. ↑ "Immersive Education Technology Group (IETG)". Media Grid. Retrieved 2011-10-08.
7. ↑ "Virtual World Region Agent Protocol (VWRAP)". IETF. Retrieved 2011-10-08.
8. ↑ "The Metaverse Roadmap". Acceleration Studies Foundation. Retrieved 2011-10-08.