Proto-Taqva-miir(or Old Taqva-miir)

Proto-Taqva-miir is the ancestral form of Taqva-miir.

## Real World Context

Biblaridion needed a protolang for his conlang, now known as Taqva-miir, to have diverged from to demonstrate something for his Conlang Case Study series.

## Conworld Context

The speakers reside in an area reminiscent of Northern Europe, a sub-alpine tundra-like environment.

## Phonology and Phonotactics

The phonology is similar to Arabic's with a palatal series.

In terms of vowels, there is long and short variance of each of the three vowels: [a], [i], and [u].

The syllable structure would be CVR, the "R" representing any resonant/sonorant.

Stress would probably be initial, falling on the first syllable all the time, though evolutions would perhaps lead to stress shifts.

## Syntax

The word order would be SOV, with postpositions, those being adpositions derived from verbs, which always come last.

## Grammar

The language uses a singular/plural distinction, aside from the pronouns.

 **Inanimate** | gi

The tense/aspect/mood system is... something... For aspects, the perfective was marked, and the imperfective was unmarked. The infinitive was also utiized. The perfective form was marked with reduplication, and so was the perfective converb, which was marked via republication plus [i]. Reduplication and the -in suffix would represent the imperfective converb, and the -su suffix would mark the infinitive.

The two copulas mixed with the tenses to create a new system.

 **Locative Copula** | Future

The grammatical number is sort of applied as well.

There would also be a negative copula.

The use of converbs for the aspects is... something...

Verbal noun: -(i)

 **Perfective** | -(i)usu

These suffixes would become the forms in the modern lang for all the noun cases except for the nominative, replacing the original forms.

 **Genitive** | -su

An "-u" suffix would be for the verbal noun.

There are valency-changing operations for the lexical verb. The mediopassive is derived from a verb that means "take/get".

There's also a person-marking system for the auxiliary verb.

## Lexicon

### Nouns

cattle/ox: nyuriaa

woman: syada

rock: izyunu

tree: ġusyitaasya

child: ni'ilwa

water(general): rangi

flowing water: rangqu

head: tiġu

grass: nimir

sleeper: alxiwa

bird: mixiungu

house: dukai

storm: kakyaadingqu

fire: syiḣu'aagqu

### Verbs

live: ḣan, ḣaḣan(This verb would be the standard copula.)

stand: ri, riri(This verb would be the locative copula.)

stay: quu, ququu

exist: ḣan

be(formerly "stand): akya, aakya

sleep: alkhi

love: musyi

take: gquta, ḣi'usu

carry: gquka

stand:

remove/take away: kuġi

lack: ku

accompany: miḣan

give: ġi

use: kyaru

go: duma

leave: duu

hit/strike: zaka

see: ghila

touch: mi

speak: da

know, understand: ghil

do: nama

being sick: mulyiqa

loathe:

come, arrive: na'a

live, dweel, reside: wiḣuti

ride, mount: waka

leave: muti

enter: i'aata

defeat, overcome: amba

reach, arrive at: qukyuta

exceed, surpass:

fear, be afraid of: bagya

fail:

be hungry: barda

crave, desire: ilbarda

want: iiku

oppose: kyimata

help:

laugh: ayḣi

### Adjectives

enough: qukyuta

too much/many: bagya

than: amba

against: kyimata

### Postpositions

to/at: i'aata

toward/for: i'aata

from: duu

without:

with: kyaru

from: muti

into: i'aata

above, on, on top (of), over: waka

up to, until: qukyuta

against: sinta

### Conjunctions

and:

or: asyi

### Other

???: agiwaġin

???: mixiun

one says: khatada

I sense: nidiikha

or (not): ġutu

it seems: khatiikha

or not: asyiyu

???: xi'i