recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Domestication

Domestication is the practice of taming a species over the course of generations, as opposed to taming an individual animal. Several species of animals have been domesticated, comprising a few mammals and birds. However, a few fish species have also been domesticated. Most species have been domesticated for food, though some have also been domesticated for companionship.

## Species

* Cattle
* Horse
* Dog
* Cat
* Goldfish
* Koi
* Duck
* Chicken
* Pig
* Sheep
* Goat
* Sheep
* Donkey
Calyx (Crimson): Bud of Destruction

## Bud of Destruction

**Bud of Destruction** is a Calyx (Crimson) that rewards items used to ascend Characters and Light Cones on the path of The Destruction. It is unlocked after the Trailblaze Mission *Trial of the Equilibrium: Part One*.

## Enemies

Waves are randomised and can be any of the following:

 — Baryon — Voidranger: Eliminator — Voidranger: Eliminator

 — Baryon — Voidranger: Distorter — Voidranger: Eliminator — Baryon

 — Voidranger: Distorter — Voidranger: Eliminator — Voidranger: Distorter — Baryon

## Change History

Released in **Version 1.0**[Create New History]
Extinction Event

An extinction event is a wide scale and rapid decline of biodiversity on earth, particularly fauna. About 5 mass extinction events have occurred on earth. A sixth mass extinction is stated by biologists to currently be taking place. The 6th extinction coincides with the spread of humanity on earth. All extinction events, major and minor, are marked by faunal turnovers.

## Extinctions

* Late Ordovician Extinction (1st Mass Extinction)
* Late Devonian Extinction (2nd Mass extinction)
* Permian-Triassic Extinction (3rd Mass Extinction)
* Triassic-Jurassic Extinction (4th Mass Extinction)
* Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction (5th Mass Extinction)
* Holocene Extinction (6th Mass Extinction)

Mass Extinctions are different from most regular extinctions due to the enormous decrease of biodiversity that existed before the extinction event took place.
Celenova

* Bio

**Celenova** is a Lord Ravager of the Antimatter Legion and an Emanator of Nanook the Aeon of Destruction.

## Profile

According to the List of Archenemies, Celenova is the front-line general of Nanook. Her troops are spread across the galaxy and have come into conflict with the Xianzhou ships Yaoqing, Zhuming, and Fanghu. Celenova requested a ceasefire with the Xianzhou Zhuming around Year 5700 of the Star Calendar and requested a combined attack on the homeworld of the wingweavers.

## Trivia

### Etymology

* 星 *Xīng* means "star," and 啸 *Xiào* means "roar."

## Change History

Released in **Version 1.1**[Create New History]
Domestic Pig

The Domestic Pig (Sus Domesticus) is a domesticated ungulate and a subspecies of the Wild Boar.

## Description

Pigs come in a variety of breeds with several different colors, though some breeds are commonly pink. The snout of pigs is shaped for digging up plants and animals from the ground to consume. Pigs are generalist omnivores which consume anything they can find.

## Range

Pigs have a worldwide range, given that they were spread across the world by humans, much like with other domestic species. Pigs prefer warm climates and areas with mud to wallow in, which removes parasites and regulates body temperature.
Asiatic Lion

The Asiatic Lion (Panthera Leo Leo), or Asian Lion, is a species (possibly a subspecies of African Lion) that inhabits Asia, though it is only found within Gir National Park in Gujarat, India.

## Description

The Asiatic Lion is slightly smaller than the African Lion, measuring between five to eight feet.

## Range

The Asiatic Lion exists only within Gir National Park in Gujarat.
Arctic fox

Arctic foxes (*Alopex lagopus*) is a species of carnivore native to the tundras and beaches of northern Canada, Alaska, Greenland, northern Europe, and northern Asia. It is very well-adapted to its environment, with the warmest fur coat of any animal. Its thick coat is able to insulate its short ears, face, and the soles of its feet. It can walk on ice and survive temperatures of -50°C (-58°F). Arctic foxes are normally solitary, but may congregate around carcasses. These animals also feed out of garbage dumps. Females give birth to up to 14 kits during spring.

## Diet

Arctic foxes eat small mammals such as lemmings, voles, seal pups, and arctic hares, fish, and birds such as snow geese. Arctic foxes will also follow larger animals such as polar bears and wolves to carcasses. They also eat eggs, seaweed, and berries.
American Marten

The American Marten (Martes Americana), is a species of mustelid mammal. It inhabits North America, living within forest environments.

## Description

The american marten is dark reddish-brown in it coloration. This mammal is mostly arboreal, preferring to spend time in trees, hunting prey such as squirrels and songbirds.
Giant Snakehead

The **Giant Snakehead** (***Channa Micropeltes***) is among the largest of the Channidae family capable of reaching up to 1.5 meters in length and weighing up to 20 kilograms. It is native to the waters of Southeast Asia as South Indian populations are now regarded as seperate species, the Malabar snakeheads, but has also been introduced elsewhere.
Beluga

Belugas (*Delphinapterus leucas*) are a species of cetacean native to the arctic ocean. It's the only whale that is white as an adult, which helps it to hide in ice. It can swim under ice and close to the surface because it does not have a dorsal fin. It is able to move its head because its neck vertebrae are not fused. 40% of its mass is blubber, and these animals can grow up to 1.6 tonnes (1.8 tons). In summer, belugas shed their outer layer of skin by rubbing its body against rocks on the ocean floor. Belugas communicate with clicks, whistles, and squeaks, and are known as the canaries of the sea. Belugas entertain themselves by blowing bubbles at biting them.
Environmental impact of the food industry

The fast food industry has many negative effects on the environment, in many ways. This includes the consumption of land, the overabundance of livestock and crops, and the emission of greenhouse gases. Many fast food restaurants rely on factory farming in impoverished countries to allow them to create more meat and other foods to meet the demand of mass supply of fast foods.

This issue has been a significant matter since the 1920s and has worsened since. Along with the cruel treatment of animals being kept for farming, the harsh treatment of underpaid and heavily impoverished workers (a significant amount of which are minorities), and the extinction of native wildlife, the fast food industry causes massive deforestation by clearing land to create more farms.

## Companies/Restaurants involved

* McDonald's
* Burger King
* Wendy's
* Chick-Fil-A
* DQ
* Five Guys
* Carl's Jr.
* Hardee
* Sonic
* Checkers
* Rallys

## Locations

* United States
* Canada
* Mexico
* Brazil
Consumable

Use Consumables can help the Trailblazer better deal with all kind of danger they might come across the journey.
Some Consumables have special effects that will take effect in the next combat.
**Consumables** are items that disappear after their use, providing certain positive or negative effects. Many consumables can be created using specific materials via the Omni-Synthesizer while others can only be obtained through world interaction and sellers.

## Types

Consumables vary wildly in effect but there are four main categories:

* Attack
* Defense
* Special
* Restorative (with the Energy Regen subtype in the inventory filter)

Only one Attack Consumable and one Defense Consumable can take effect at the same time. Using another Attack/Defense Consumable will replace the previous Attack/Defense Consumable's effect respectively.

## Auto-Use

Consumables in Auto-Use will be automatically used at the start of each battle, and their effects will be maintained until their quantity is depleted.
Only Attack Consumables and Defense Consumables can enable the Auto-Use feature.

## Change History

Released in **Version 1.0**[Edit History]
Version 1.5

* The Auto-Use feature was released.
* Added the type: Energy Regen Comsumables.

Version 1.3

* The Satiety feature was removed.

Version 1.0

* Consumables were released.
Andean Condor

Andean condors (*Vultur gryphus*) are a species of bird of prey native to the mountains, deserts, and plains of northwest to southwest South America. With a wingspan of over 3 m (10 ft), it has the largest wing area of any bird. They are completely reliant on wind and air currents to fly, and can glide long distances. Flapping is difficult because the bird is so large, weighing 11-15 kg (24-33 lbs). Andean condors eat the carcasses of dead mammals and use their powerful beaks to tear apart carrion. Condors use their legs for standing only, not for catching and killing prey like other birds of prey. Currently, Andean condors primarily feed on dead livestock, though in earlier years they ate Vicunas, Guanacos, and seals. Though uncommon in the wild, they will still congregate around large carcasses in groups of 30-40 birds. Andean condors can live up to 70 years.

## Breeding

Andean condors only breed every two years, but if food is short they may go even longer without breeding. Females only lay one egg, hatching after 56-58 days. Chicks are able to fly at 6 months old, and are reliant on their parents for months more after that. Birds usually do not breed until they are at least 6 years old. Because of their slow breeding, they are vulnerable to human activity.
Flores Man

***Homo Floresiensis*** ("**Flores Man**"; nicknamed "**Hobbit**") is a species of small archaic human that inhabited the island of Flores, Indonesia, until the arrival of modern humans about 50,000 years ago.

The remains of an individual who would have stood about 1.1 m (3 ft 7 in) in height were discovered in 2003 at Liang Bua on the island of Flores in Indonesia. This hominin was at first considered remarkable for its survival until relatively recent times, initially thought to be only 12,000 years ago.
Agriculture

Agriculture is the practice of farming plants and and animals, particularly crops and livestock.

Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, as the farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in settlements. The history of agriculture began thousands of years ago. After gathering wild grains beginning at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers began to plant them around 11,500 years ago.

Animals were mostly domesticated in the old world, while plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world.

Industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture in the twentieth century came to dominate agricultural output, though about 2 billion people still depended on subsistence agriculture.
Coronavirus

Covid or coronaviruses are a large family of virus that are known to cause illness ranging from common cold to the flu to much more severe diseases such as AIDS/HIV. These tiny viruses mainly affect on the respiratory system. In fact, a pandemic of a Covid variant formally known as COVID-19 is currently happenening. The virus is thought to have originated from a wet market in Wuhan, China via contact from animals that were being used in the trade.
African Wild Dog

The African Wild Dog (Lycaon Pictus), also called the African painted dog and the African hunting dog, is a wild canine species indigenous to sub-Saharan Africa.

## Description

These canines are a mixed black and yellow in color, with white splotches on their bodies.

The African wild dog is the solely extant member of an ancient canine lineage, most of which were widespread in the past.

## Threats

The main threats to these canines are habitat loss, the spread of disease, and competition from domestic dogs.
Butterfly on Swordtip/2023-10-27

"Even as we speak, farewells are happening throughout the universe."This page contains information about a past event that may or may not return in a future version.

## Relative Warps

**Alongside**
* Bygone Reminiscence/2023-10-27
* Sunset Clause/2023-10-27

**Preceded by**
Gentle Eclipse of the Moon/2023-10-11

**Succeded by**
Bloom in Gloom/2023-11-15

## Event Details

During the event, the drop rate of the limited 5✦ character  Seele "Butterfly of Tempest" (5✦, **Quantum**, The Hunt) will be boosted.

### Drop Rate Boost: 5✦ Character

* Seele "Butterfly of Tempest" (5✦, **Quantum**, The Hunt)

### Drop Rate Boost: 4✦ Characters

* Guinaifen (4✦, **Fire**, Nihility)
* Luka (4✦, **Physical**, Nihility)
* Sushang (4✦, **Physical**, The Hunt)

## Notes

* Among the above characters, the limited character will not be available in the Stellar Warp event.
* This Warp is counted as a Character Event Warp. The Warp count for the guarantee with any Character Event Warp will always be carried over to other Character Event Warps, but is independent of and unaffected by other types of Warps.

For additional information, see Warps.

## Change History

Released in **Version 1.4**[Create New History]
Calyx (Crimson)

"The galaxy is vast beyond compare, containing an infinite number of possibilities."Our community needs more information on this page! Can you help out? Click here to add more.Unspecified reason

### Description

A type of Calyx that can be found all over the universe.

 A strange creation in the shape of a flower bud with crimson stamens and pistils and ink black petals. It seems to continuously imitate and piece together elements found in reality in an attempt to create new existences.
**Crimson Calyxes** provide materials for leveling Traces and ascending Light Cones. They are unlocked after completing the Trailblaze Mission Trial of the Equilibrium: Part One.

## Description

 A strange creation in the shape of a flower bud with crimson stamens and pistils and ink black petals. It seems to continuously imitate and piece together elements found in reality in an attempt to create new existences.

## Change History

Released in **Version 1.0**[Create New History]
Death

Death is the total, irreversible cessation of all biological functions in an organism. The term is most often used in reference to cardiac death, though the definition that will be used for this article is cerebral death.

## Definition

In layman's terms, death is the total cessation of the biological functions necessary for life. It can commonly be split into two distinct categories: cardiac death and brain death. The former occurs when the heart ceases its regular contractions due to a disturbance in electrical activity. Brain death is more final, being the total and irreversible loss of consciousness. The latter definition shall be used here.

Every single organism that will ever live undergoes death at one point or another. It is both statistically and logically possible for a single individual to cheat death indefinitely, and thus it is an inevitability of life. Death on a large enough scale leads to the total extinction of a given species, and major extinction events are known as mass extinctions.

## Ecological impact

The death of a single animal may have a profound positive impact on an ecosystem's fauna, flora and fungi. It instigates the necessary return of organic compounds to the environment, allowing them to be distributed and used as nutrients for other organisms. Nevertheless, it may also have a significant *negative* impact, since the death of one member of a keystone species means that the ecological services once provided have now been lost.
European Hedgehog

The **European Hedgehog** (Erinaceus Europaeus), also known as the West European Hedgehog or Common Hedgehog, is a hedgehog species native to Europe. It is a common and widely distributed species that can survive across different types of habitats, and is a generalist. It is a well-known species, and a favourite in European gardens, both for its endearing appearance and its preference for eating a range of garden pests. The species as a whole are currently stable across its range.
Alpine Newt

The Alpine Newt (***Ichthyosaura Alpestris***), is a small european species of newt.

## Information

Although classified as "least concern" in the IUCN red list, its populations have been increasing rapidly, in both their native ranges and their introduced ranges.

## Invasive Species

Their introduction into Australia and New Zealand has led to them transmitting diseases to the local amphibians, which led them to be become one of the top 100 invasive species.
Diprotodon

Diprotodon is an extinct genus of giant marsupials related to wombats. They were endemic to Australia during the Pleistocene. It was one of the largest marsupial to ever exist, and a significant species/genus that comprises the megafaunal diversity of Australia during the Pleistocene.

## Description

Diprotodon was closely related to wombats and koalas, and resembled giant wombats in life. They were large bodied, similar to rhinos and hippos, as they occupied the niche on the continent.

## Range

This marsupial presumably ranged across the entire continent when they were abundant, as evidenced by remains found across the continent. They presumably inhabited open plains where they browsed and grazed.

## Extinction

The extinction of this animal was most likely caused by humans, as the arrival of humans in Australia corresponds with the decline of these animals as well as the extinction of australia's megafauna.
Australopithecine

Australopithecines are an extinct group of hominid apes that are the direct ancestors to humans.

## Description

Australopithecines walked in a bipedal gate, like its human descendants.

## Range

Australopithecines were native to Africa and inhabited savannah grasslands.

## Evolution

Australopithecines first appeared during the late Pliocene from apes that began walking bipedal, after the forest environments they had inhabited became replaced with savannah grasslands.

## Extinction

Australopithecines eventually went extinct towards the mid-Pleistocene, possibly because of competition with early members within Homo.
Character Ascension Material

**Character Ascension Materials** are items used for ascending Characters and Light Cones.

## Enemy Drops

The following Character Ascension Materials are dropped by enemies. They are also used for ascending Light Cones, despite not being considered Light Cone Ascension Materials in the inventory.

## Stagnant Shadow Drops

The following Character Ascension Materials are obtained from Stagnant Shadows. For the Trailblazer,  Enigmatic Ectostella is used instead of Stagnant Shadow drops.
Bog Turtle

The **Bog Turtle** is a near extinct species of freshwater turtle endemic to pockets of the Eastern U.S. Although the Bog Turtle is similar in appearance to the Painted Turtle or Spotted Turtle, its closest relative is the slightly larger Wood Turtle.

## Description

The Bog Turtle is a small turtle species, measuring at about 4.5 inches. Bog turtles are usually brownish gray with a mahogany neck ring.

## Range

The bog turtle is endemic to the Eastern United States, and is found in wetlands and bogs. It inhabits the states of Maryland, Delaware, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, and Georgia.

## Threats

Threats that this species faces is habitat destruction from human activity and climate change, which reduces ideal habitat for the animal.
Great bustard

Great bustards (*Otis tarda*) are a species of gruiform native to the scrub and deserts of Europe and Asia. The heaviest males of the species are 21 kg (46 lbs), making them the largest flying bird. However, most of these birds are smaller, ranging 3.2-18 kg (7-40 lbs). Though they can fly, they do not fly often, instead walking slowly most of the time and running when threatened. However, they are still powerful flyers. Great bustards migrate south during the winter. Males fight with others and use mating displays to attract females, which lay 2 eggs after mating. Males mate with multiple females.
Elephant Bird

Elephant birds are an extinct family of birds that were native to Madagascar. One species, Aepyornis Maximus, was the largest ratite to exist, the tallest bird on earth, and the largest bird to have ever existed.

## Description

Elephant birds were among some of the largest animals in their ecosystem, and presumably defended itself from predators from its large, clawed feet and heavy beak.

Despite being geographically closer to the ostrich, this bird is more closely related to kiwis in New Zealand.

## Range

Elephant birds were endemic to Madagascar, being found nowhere else on earth.
Asia

Asia is a continent and the 1st largest continent on earth. Given Asia's large size and general stability as a continent through earth's history and the Cenozoic, most mammal groups extant today originated there.

## Fauna

* Tarpan
* Aurochs
* Siberian Tiger
* Mouflon
* Asiatic Cheetah
* Asiatic Lion
* Asian Elephant
* Tiger
* Sloth Bear
Amur Leopard

The **Amur Leopard** (*Panthera Pardus Orientalis*) is a critically endangered subspecies of leopard native to parts of Russia and China, and today is one of the rarest cats on Earth. It exists only in fragmented populations in sanctuaries in a handful of countries.

## Description

This subspecies resembles other subspecies, but the animal has a darker shade of brownish-yellow on its coat. As it is a winter animal, it has a thick, shaggy coat of fur to aid insulating the cat in cold weather.

## Range

The amur leopard is only present in the far east of russia, china, and north korea, with its numbers rapidly deteriorating.
Columbian Mammoth

The Columbian Mammoth is an extinct species of mammoth that was widespread in North America during the Pleistocene and the Holocene. Along with the Woolly Mammoth, it is one of the most well known mammoth species among the general public.

DNA analysis has revealed that Columbian Mammoths are a hybrid species between Woolly Mammoths and Steppe Mammoths.

## Description

Columbian Mammoths were the largest terrestrial mammals of their time, reaching 13 feet tall. Their tusks are also the largest known of any proboscidean during the holocene, extinct or extant, and are their most famous and recognizable trait.

Columbian Mammoths fed exclusively on ground vegetation, as well as various types of fruits and vegetables.

## Range

The range of the Columbian Mammoth extended across North America, ranging from Canada to Mexico.
Eastern Gray Squirrel

The **Eastern Gray Squirrel** (Sciurus Carolinensis), also known as simply the Gray Squirrel or Grey Squirrel, is a tree squirrel native to eastern North America, where it is the most prodigious and ecologically essential natural forest regenerator, though it has been widely introduced to certain places around the world, with in Europe, in particular, where it is regarded as an invasive species.
Bond's Springbok

Bond's Springbok (Antidorcas Bondi) is an extinct species of antelope with fossils having been found in Zimbabwe and South Africa.

Bond's Springbok was found to have survived past the Pleistocene in South Africa, surviving until as recently as 5,000 BC, possibly due to climate change and human activity.
Giant Sea Bass

The Giant Sea Bass (Stereolepis Gigas) is a fish native to the North Pacific Ocean. Though it is called a bass, it is actually a member of the wreckfish family.

## Threats

Giant sea bass were abundant across the North Pacific Ocean, but recently, its range has been declining from the 1900s onwards. It is most abundant in mexican waters.
Arctic char

Arctic char (*Salvelinus alpinus*) are a species of bony fish native to the wetlands, oceans, coasts, and rivers of northern North America, Europe, Asia, and the Arctic Ocean. They have adaptations for living in deep, cold waters and are the northernmost species of freshwater fish. There are also subspecies of the fish. One lives in saltwater and breeds in rivers, and the other lives in landlocked lakes. These fish spawn in water temperatures of 4°C (39.2°F) and females lay their eggs in redds. During the mating season, males become aggressive and territorial.
Cave Wolf

The Cave Wolf (Canis Lupus Spelaeus) is an extinct subspecies of Wolf that lived during the Late Pleistocene Ice Age. Its range encompassed most of western Europe.

## Description

Cave wolf fossils are found scattered across caves in Europe, thriving until the climate warmed, eventually being replaced by different wolf types.
Class-D Personnel

### Description

In Simulated Universe: Gold and Gears, enhance a Curio 1 time(s) in the Interastral Peace Mechanical Branch Shopping Mall (II) occurrence

### Stellar Jades

5

**Class-D Personnel** is an Achievement in the category Universe in a Nutshell.

To obtain this achievement, the player must enhance a Curio 1 time during the Interastral Peace Mechanical Branch Shopping Mall (II) Occurrence in Simulated Universe: Gold and Gears.

## Trivia

* This Achievement's name is a reference to the SCP Foundation's Class-D Personnel.

## Change History

Released in **Version 1.6**[Create New History]
Amazon River Dolphin

The Amazon River Dolphin is a species of river dolphin found only within the Amazon River in South America.

## Description

These dolphins are the largest river dolphin species. They are typically pink to gray in their coloration.

## Threats

The main threats to these animals are pollution and being bycatch in nets. Human activity disturbs river dolphin living via boat traffic and noise pollution.
Bygone Reminiscence/2023-12-06

"Even as we speak, farewells are happening throughout the universe."This page contains information about a past event that may or may not return in a future version.

## Relative Warps

**Alongside**
* Contract Zero/2023-12-06
* Thorns of Scented Crown/2023-12-06

**Preceded by**
Brilliant Fixation/2023-11-15

**Succeded by**
* Brilliant Fixation/2023-12-27
* Bygone Reminiscence/2023-12-27

## Event Details

During the event, the drop rate of the limited 5✦ Light Cone,  Incessant Rain (5✦,    Nihility) will be boosted.

### Drop Rate Boost: 4✦ Light Cones

* Post-Op Conversation (4✦,    Abundance)
* The Birth of the Self (4✦,    Erudition)
* Under the Blue Sky (4✦,    Destruction)

## Notes

* Among the above Light Cones, the limited Light Cone will not become available in the Stellar Warp event.
* This Warp is counted as a Light Cone Event Warp. The Warp count for the guarantee with any Light Cone Event Warp will always be carried over to other Light Cone Event Warps, but is independent of and unaffected by other types of Warps.

For additional information, see Warps.

## Change History

Released in **Version 1.5**[Create New History]
Cocolia, Mother of Deception (Illusion)

*This article is about the Illusion variant. For the normal variant, see Cocolia, Mother of Deception.*

## Cocolia, Mother of Deception (Illusion)

### Damage Type

* Ice
* Imaginary

### Weakness

* Fire
* Lightning
* Quantum

### Toughness

600

* Details

### Location

Virtual Scentventure

**Cocolia, Mother of Deception (Illusion)** is a Echo of War Enemy encountered in the Virtual Scentventure event.

## Enemy Info

After being assimilated by the overflowing Fragmentum energy of the Stellaron, the Supreme Guardian transforms into a singer able to control Imaginary Energy and the mouthpiece of its promised "new world." This entity is a phantom borne from your memories.

## Change History

Released in **Version 1.6**[Create New History]
Common Myna

The Common Myna is a bird native to Asia. The bird adapted well in suburban areas, and has a common presence there. The species has been introduced to several parts of the globe, resulting in the species being one of the most problematic invasive species.

## Invasiveness

The bird has been most problematic in Australia, where it outcompetes native birds for nesting
Central Asia

### Inhabitants

Snow leopard, Gobi bear, Yarkand gazelle, Mongolian saiga, Bactrian camel, Przewalski's wild horse, Przewalski's wonder gecko, Great bustard, Siberian flying squirrel

Central Asia is a part of Asia made up of the countries Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan. Habitats in central Asia include grasslands, mountains, and deserts.

## Species

* Snow Leopard
* Gobi bear
* Yarkand gazelle
* Mongolian saiga
* Bactrian Camel
* Przewalski's wild horse
* Przewalski's wonder gecko
* Great bustard
* Siberian flying squirrel
Domestic Horse

The Domestic Horse (Equus Ferus Caballus) is a domesticated, odd-toed, hoofed mammal. Horses are used for food and transportation. Humans began domesticating horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC.

## Description

Horses were domesticated from the Tarpan in Central Asia 4,000 years ago. From there, horses began being widespread as use for transportation across different cultures in human civilizations.For several millennia, horses were the best method of transport.

## Invasiveness

Horse are proliferating as an invasive species. In Australia, they trample on soil ground and expose the topsoil, preventing plant growth and driving native species (such as wombats) away. They also compete with macropod species for food, and have caused their numbers to diminish wherever they are.

## References

1. ↑ http://imh.org/exhibits/past/legacy-of-the-horse/przewalskii-and-tarpan-horses/
2. ↑ https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/1288556
European Polecat

The European Polecat (Mustela Putorius) is a species of mustelid native to western Eurasia and North Africa. This animal is the wild ancestor of the domestic ferret.

## Description

The European polecat is mostly dark brown in color, though it also does occasionally have albinistic color mutations.

## Invasiveness

The polecat has been introduced into New Zealand, where it preys on the native fauna, particularly the flightless birds. Thus, they pose a considerable threat to the fauna on the islands.
Hula Painted Frog

The **Hula Painted Frog** (Latonia Nigriventer) is an amphibian endemic to the Lake Hula marshes in Israel. It was presumed to be extinct during the 1950s due to habitat destruction, until the species was rediscovered in 2011. It is the only extant member of latonia.

## Description

The hula painted frog is dark brown with small white spots dotted across its body. Little is known about frog, as it is only well known through four specimens, two adults and two tadpoles. Given its rarity, it has been seldom studied.

This frog is a living fossil, being the only living representative of its genus.

## Range

The frog lived in the marshes of Lake Hula, until they were drained by humans to make space for agriculture and land development. It survived through small pockets of water scattered across the Levant. However, climate change is slowly drying up these last habitable areas for the frog.

## Threats

Habitat destruction is the primary threat to this amphibian, as it lives in a developing region with large increases in human population. The water in which this frog lives in are drained to allow for land to farm crops and livestock, and to build houses and cities.

Climate change also poses a significant threat, since the frog lives in a desert climate where water dries up fast, and the animal is unable to escape eventual desiccation and heat stroke.
Grizzly Bear

The Grizzly Bear (Ursus Arctos Horribilis), also known as the North American brown bear, is a population/subspecies of the Brown Bear inhabiting North America.

## Description

Grizzly bears are the largest extant carnivorous land mammal on earth, and has several subspecies. The bear is light to dark brown in color.

## Range

Grizzly bears inhabit sparse parts of North America, but in the past, they were much more widespread, possibly inhabiting the entire continent, including Eastern North America and the south of Mexico.
Domestic Sheep

The Domestic Sheep (Ovis Aries) are a domesticated livestock species. Sheep were first domesticated around 8,000 years ago. They are closely related to goats.

## Description

Sheep are well known as a source of wool, which is used for making clothes and other fabrics. They are also used as a source for milk and meat.

## Range

Sheep have a worldwide range and are most common in open grazing territory near human settlements. Such areas are mostly in temperate climates.
Blue Whale

The Blue Whale (Balaenoptera Musculus) is a species of baleen whale and the largest animal on earth. It measures at 90 feet and weighs nearly 200 tons, also making it the heaviest animal on earth. Despite their large size, blue whales are gentle giants and harmless carnivores which only feed on microscopic animals.

## Description

The blue whale appeared during the Pleistocene, at a time when the oceans were colder and supported more species of baleen whales. These whales have a mouth pouch which stretches all the way to their stomachs. They have this shape because they need to consume krill in large quantities. Once the krill is within their mouths, they use baleen to filter the water out and swallow the krill whole.

## Range

Blue whales inhabit all oceans worldwide. However, whaling threatens to decrease some populations in specific areas of their range. Blue whales have a cosmopolitan range. However, they are endangered, so their range is likely to decrease in the following decades and years.

## Threats

The blue whale is threatened by whaling, which violently kills the whales, and is detrimental to whale populations as they have a low birth rate and a long gestation period. Because of this, they are unable to replenish their numbers after significant casualties, though sonar interference and boat collisions are also another factor of high death rates.

Climate change is also a significant threat for blue whales as sea ice affects plankton krill populations, which are an essential part of the blue whale's diet, thus starving them into extinction.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.cms.int/sites/default/files/publication/fact\_sheet\_blue\_whale\_climate\_change.pdf
Eastern Mosquitofish

The **Eastern Mosquitofish** (**Gambusia Holbrooki**) is a species of freshwater fish, closely related to the Western Mosquitofish. It is native to the eastern and southern United States from Florida to Pennsylvania and inland to Alabama and Tennessee, with a continually expanding range, while the western mosquitofish has a larger distribution throughout the United States.
Gibbon

Gibbons are a group of lesser apes indigenous to Asia. All species are threatened by human activity.

## Description

Gibbons are notable for their smaller stature compared to great apes, as well as their much longer arms. These arms are used for climbing trees more efficiently.

## Species

* Junzi
* Lar Gibbon
* Skywalker Hoolock Gibbon
* Siamang
* Silvery Gibbon
* Hainan Black Crested Gibbon
Chatham Merganser

The Chatham Island Merganser (Mergus Milleneri) or Chatham merganser is an extinct species of merganser. The Chatham Islands merganser is known only from subfossils, meaning not much else is known about this bird. It was the smallest of all Mergus species. Fossil records indicate it was widespread on Chatham Island but not on the smaller nearby islands.
Central American Jaguar

The Central American Jaguar is a population of the Jaguar endemic to Central America. They are more common than North American Jaguars, but rarer than South American Jaguars.

## Description

These jaguars do not differ much from other jaguar populations, with only minor differences in their phenotypes depending on the habitat they live in. They are of moderate size for big cats, and do not grow very large.

## Range

As their name states, this population is found in Central America. Their habitat primarily consists of rainforest, they also may be found in scrublands, grasslands, swamps, and mangroves.

## Threats

These cats are at risk of extinction by habitat destruction, leading to habitat fragmentation. Persecution killings and poaching are also significant threats this jaguar faces in the wild.
Leopard

The **Leopard** is a species of big cat which formerly ranged worldwide (with the exception of Australia and the poles), but now occurs in a Sub-Saharan Africa, as well as some parts of Western Asia, South Asia, and Central Asia, Southern Russia, Southeast and East Asia.

## Subspecies

* African Leopard
* Amur Leopard
* Indochinese Leopard
* Zanzibar Leopard
* Barbary Leopard
* Javan Leopard
Javan Leopard

The Javan Leopard (Panthera Pardus Melas) is a subspecies of leopard that is native to Java. The population of this leopard is estimated to be below 600 leopards.

## Description

The Javan leopard is described as being darker than other leopard subspecies and populations, and being slightly smaller as well. The leopard preys on deer and boars, as well as monkeys and gibbons.

## Range

As indicated by its name, this particular subspecies inhabits Java. In the past, it may have ranged across the entire island. In modern times, it only inhabits sparse areas of the island not near any human settlements.

## Threats

This subspecies of leopard has been listed as endangered since 2021. It it threatened by poaching, loss of prey, habitat destruction, and agricultural development.
Crowned Crane

Crowned Cranes are a genus of cranes indigenous to Africa. They comprise only two extant species, the Gray Crowned Crane and the Black Crowned Crane.

## Description

Crowned cranes are tall birds, with very bright feathers on its head that it uses for display to attract mates. Crowned cranes

## Range

Crowned cranes are only found in sub-Saharan Africa. They inhabit mixed habitats composed of grasslands and wetlands.
Common Hippopotamus

The Common Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus Smphibius) is a species of Hippopotamus (the other being the Pygmy Hippopotamus) native to east Africa.

## Description

Despite their bulky appearances, hippos have adaptations that help them walk on land. On land, their toes spread out, allowing the hippo to distribute its weight evenly. In the water, their short legs provide propulsion. Their thick skin is almost completely hairless, but bristles are present on the head and tail. Their jaws can open up to 150 degrees. Hippos weigh 1.27-4.55 tonnes (1.4-5 tons), are 2-5 meters (6.67-16.67 ft) long, and are 1.5 meters (5 ft) tall. They live up to 50 years in the wild on plants and in wetlands, rivers, and swamps.

## Threats

They are preyed on by humans, lions, crocodiles, and hyenas. Hippopotamuses cannot sweat, instead they secrete a thick, red liquid that acts as sunscreen.
Asian Tiger Mosquito

The Asian Tiger Mosquito is a nearly cosmopolitan mosquito spread across the world by human activity. The species was originally from the forests of Southeast Asia, but has spread to every single human settlement via shipments of used tires. They have since become naturalized in Europe, the Americas, the Caribbean, Africa, the Middle East, Australia, and New Zealand.
Feral

A feral animal or plant is a wild descendant of domesticated animals and plants. Notable examples are shown below.

## Animals and Plants

* Dogs
* Cats
* Cattle
* Horses
* Pigs
* Sheep
* Goats
* Donkeys
* Camels
* Chickens
* Ducks

## Invasiveness

Feral species affect environments by displacing native species through competition and/or predation. One such example of this is how feral donkeys compete with australian fauna for water sources.

## References

1. ↑ https://wildlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/PS\_InvasiveFeralSpecies2.pdf
Domestic Dog

The **Domestic** **Dog** is a canine that is closely associated with humans and human settlements. Dogs evolved from a population of Gray Wolves in Eurasia about 130,000 years ago. It is the most widespread carnivoran on Earth. Dogs come in several varities, called "breeds".

## Description

Dogs are among the most common carnivorous mammal on earth. Dogs come in different varieties called breeds, and although all dog breeds are one species, they come in many different varities.

## As an invasive species

Dogs are widespread worldwide as an invasive species in many parts of the world. They threaten native carnivores in every habitat they invade through their aggressiveness and human aid, and through preying on native herbivores. They also spread diseases to the native fauna, making them a biohazard to wild environments.
Delcourt's Giant Gecko

Delcourt's Giant Gecko (Hoplodactylus Delcourti), also known as the kawekaweau, Delcourt's sticky-toed gecko, is an extinct species of lizard. It is known solely from one taxidermied specimen in a museum within France.

## Description

It was the largest known of all geckos, being 14.6 inches long and 23.6 inches tall. The animal is named after Alain Delcourt, a French museum worker who found a specimen in the Marseille museum.
Kurī

The Kurī, or New Zealand Dog, is an extinct breed of dog that was native to New Zealand. It died out due to being unable to interbreed with newly brought European dogs.

## Description

Kurī were medium sized dogs with bushy-tails, short legs, and powerful shoulders. The coat color of the dogs ranged from yellowish brown to black, white, or spotted. Much like other related Polynesian dog breeds, they howled instead of barked.

## Range

The Kurī was only found in New Zealand, and in Maori settlements, which tended to be within deforested areas.
Burmese Python

The Burmese Python is a species of python native to Asia and introduced to Florida, becoming an invasive species. They were released into the wild by irresponsible pet owners, with the animals now preying on the native fauna, including the American Alligator.

There is currently a bounty system in Florida to were people can hunt and kill Burmese pythons for a reward of $1,500 for the person who kills the most snakes, and a $1,000 reward for the person who wrangles the longest snake.

## Description

The Burmese Python measures 16 feet in the wild, and is dark colored with brown blotches and a brown underbelly.
African Wild Ass

The African Wild Ass (Equus Africanus) or African Wild Donkey is a near extinct species of equid native to the horn of Africa. It is heavily threatened with extinction. The domestic donkey is a descendant of this animal.

## Description

The ass is one of the few remaining species of wild equines, and is very rare in its native habitat. It is believed that this animal was domesticated about 6,000 years ago, resulting in the domestic donkey.

## Range

The wild ass is native to the Horn of Africa, but may have been more widespread across the continent in prehistory. Due to climate change and human activity, its range has been reduced to being scattered across Ethiopia and Somalia.

## Threats

Threats to this ungulate are being hunted and killed by humans for food and to be made in medicine. It also faces competition with livestock, since it restricts water and food for these animals.

## Subspecies

* Somali Wild Ass
* Nubian Wild Ass (possibly extinct)
* Algerian Wild Ass (extinct)
* Sudanese Wild Ass

## References

1. ↑ http://www.edgeofexistence.org/species/african-wild-ass/
Bramble Cay Melomys

The Bramble Cay Melomys (Melomys Rubicola), also known as the or Bramble Cay mosaic-tailed rat, is an extinct species of rodent that was native to Bramble Cay in Australia. It is notable for being the first mammal made extinct by human caused climate change in modern times.

It was listed as Australia's most isolated mammal in 2002. It was last seen by scientific researchers in 2009, being assessed as extinct in 2015 and declared extinct in 2016, with the animal being officially declared extinct in 2019 after multiple surveys conducted on the island failed to find any specimens.

## Description

The bramble cay melomys was a slightly large rodent, compared to its relatives. It measured 5 to 6 inches in length. Its fur was dark brown, with light brown on its underbelly.

The rodent was recorded to have fed on plants within the island, as well as the eggs of seabirds and sea turtles that nested on the island.

## Range

Hence its name, the species was found only on bramble cay, an isolated coral cay near the great barrier reef. The rodent presumably arrived on the island via driftwood or when the island was part of a land bridge connecting Australia and New Guinea.

## Extinction

The bramble cay melomys was stated to have gone extinct due to human-induced climate change. This makes it the first mammal in modern times to have become extinct from anthropogenic climate change.

The island on which it lived became continually flooded, wiping out vegetation that the rodent used as food and habitat, thus eventually spelling its demise due to being unable to cope with the changes.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/13132/195439637
2. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20090226041803/http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/duffy/ARB/450-458/455.pdf
Cave Lion

The Cave Lion (Panthera Spelaea), also known as the Eurasian cave lion, European cave lion or steppe lion, is an extinct Panthera species that most likely evolved in Europe after the third Cromerian interglacial stage, less than 600,000 years ago.

## Description

Phylogenetic analysis of fossil bone samples revealed that it was highly distinct and genetically isolated from the modern lion (Panthera leo) occurring in Africa and Central Asia.

## Range

The Cave lion inhabited much of Eurasia, and crossed Beringia into Alaska and Canada. The habitat of the Cave lion mostly consisted of open plains and savannas.
Livestock

Livestock are animals kept and raised for human consumption. Only mammals, birds, and fish are kept as livestock, although in the past and in some regions in the world, amphibians, reptiles, and invertebrates are also used for this purpose, though the practice is declining in favor of the use mainstream livestock.

## Species

* Cattle
* Sheep
* Pigs
* Goats
* Salmon
* Trout
* Horses (In certain countries)
* Donkeys (In certain countries)
* Chickens
* Ducks
* Geese
* Swans (sometimes)
* Turkeys
Cantabrian Brown Bear

The Cantabrian Brown Bear (Ursus Arctos Pyrenaicus), Iberian Brown Bear, or just Iberian Bear, is a population of Eurasian Brown Bears (Ursus Arctos Arctos) endemic to the Cantabrian Mountains of Spain.

## Description

These bears are among the rarest subspecies/population of brown bears on earth. They feed on a mix of plants and animals and inhabit secluded forest areas undisturbed by human activity.

## Range

The bear formerly roamed much of the Iberian peninsula, in what is now Spain and Portugal. Nowadays, only two isolated populations exist in the Cantabrian mountains of Spain. These bears live in remote forest areas within the Cantabrian mountains, well away from human activity.

## Threats

Climate change poses a threat to this bear, as little available habitat for the bear exists. Human activity also causes habitat destruction, fragmenting the bear's habitat,in addition to persecution killings from bear and human conflicts.
Black-Footed Ferret

The Black-Footed Ferret (Mustela Nigripes), also known as the American polecat or prairie dog hunter, is a species of ferret native to North America.

## Description

The black-footed ferret is about the size of a European Polecat and bears somewhat of a resemblance to it. It is nocturnal and feeds almost exclusively on prairie dogs.

The animal declined during the 20th century, mostly due to the decrease in prairie dog populations and the sylvatic plague.