Third Republic

## The Founding of the Third Republic and Callurian Independence

The establishment of the Third Republic of Calluris is regarded as the official independence day of the Republic of Calluris, with the Second Republic only being considered a government-in-exile due to the brevity of its existence. The Third Republic was created on June 26th, 2021, and is thus the official independence day of the Republic of Calluris. After a brief conflict between Joestar and Nature, negotiations would result in ownership of the Third Republic being returned to the nation's founder Nature Gamer, who would help lead the Third Republic into the greatest prosperity of Calluris seen yet.

The first Presidential Election of the Third Republic would be highly competitive, with the last President of the First Republic, Richard Blumenthal, running to be the first President of an independent Calluris. After a highly contested election, Richard Blumenthal would successfully win the Presidency with 63% of the popular vote, making Blumenthal the first President of an independent Calluris.

As the first President of Calluris, Richard Blumenthal would have a lot on his plate to get the country up and running, and during his first week in office, he would remain quite popular amongst the Callurian people. During this time period, a cooperative Senate would allow Richard Blumenthal to sign the Penal Code into law, which is still used today, nominate the first Justices of the Supreme Court, including the first Chief Justice of Calluris, Chief Justice Swiff, and nominate a full Cabinet, including the first Finance Minister, Ares Seymour.

## The Great RoD Scare

Following the success of Callurian independence from the Republic of Discord, the Callurian Government would pass a series of laws targeted against the Discordian people, and the Republic of Discord in general. This tumultuous time period, in which extreme anti-Discordian sentiment was commonplace in the Callurian Government, became known as the Great RoD scare, with then Attorney General Wels especially leading efforts to crack down on possible Discordian loyalists in Calluris, arresting and imprisoning such loyalists in controversial trials, and promoting the passage of anti-Discordian laws in the Callurian Senate.

The Great RoD scare would not end with the conclusion of Blumenthal's time in office, but would continue all the way until the end of SunGlisten's term as President, when the Callurian Government would finally begin to shift it's rhetoric towards RoD, and the Senate would begin repealing laws targeted against the Discordian people, with the Ministry of Justice refusing to enforce the laws that remained in place.

## The Early Days

The early days of the Third Republic would be characterized by great political instability, especially within the executive branch of the server. The Romulus Presidency would mark the end of this era, bringing more stability to the Callurian Government, but also more controversy as a result.

### The Blumenthal Presidency:

The Blumenthal Presidency would remain popular during Richard's first week in office, but would rapidly lose his support from the public when he found himself being constantly sued in the Circuit Court, and openly displaying his legal incompetency for all to see in the courtroom, especially infuriating Judge Copley, whom he himself nominated to her office.

This loss in popularity would result in the midterm elections showing an unfavorable outcome for the sitting President, who had now lost the cooperative Senate of his first week in office, and found it replaced with a Senate hostile to his holding of the Presidential Office. Threats of impeachment began to loom against Blumenthal, as numerous Senators called him incompetent, and demanded his removal from office. The mounting pressure from both the Senate and the public would result in Richard Blumenthal resigning from office about 3 days after the midterm elections, leaving his Chancellor Ares Seymour to succeed the Presidency.

Notable achievements during his Presidency included:

* Signing the first Penal Code into law.
* Nominating all 3 Justices of the Supreme Court.
* Nominating the first Full Cabinet.

### The Seymour Presidency:

Ares Seymour would become the Second President of Calluris after the resignation of Richard Blumenthal, and would serve only a short time in office. During his term, Ares would establish a national currency for Calluris still used to this day, created a national anthem for the Republic, also still used to this day, and would serve as President during one of the most politically tumultuous times in Callurian history: The WaterWels scandal.

> The WaterWels Scandal
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> The WaterWels scandal would be a series of election lawsuits petitioned to the Supreme Court of Calluris during one of the most controversial elections in Callurian history. Former President Blumenthal would be running for President against his main opponent, former Attorney General Wels, but the Senate had enacted new anti-canvassing laws shortly before the election.
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> Evidence of canvassing by Richard Blumenthal during the election would result in Wels petitioning a case to overturn the results of the election, after Richard was announced the victor with a majority of the popular vote. The lawsuit would become known as the WaterWels scandal, and proceedings in the Supreme Court would continue for 3 full days before a ruling was released in a 3-0 decision, finding Blumenthal guilty of canvassing, and overturning the results of the election, and disqualifying Blumenthal from office. This would lead to Wels being elected President after a retallying of votes, much to the dismay of a large population of the Callurian people who had supported Blumenthal's bid for the Presidency.
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Notable Achievements during his Presidency included:

* The creation of a national currency.
* The creation of a national anthem.

### The Wels Presidency:

Following Wels's inauguration as President, he would immediately be met with unpopularity, with many seeing him as a tyrant for overturning the results of an election using a lawsuit in the Supreme Court. However, his unpopularity with the public would soon subside once he wrote and proposed a civil code to the Senate for passage, which the Senate approved, and President Wels signed into law.

The successful enactment of a civil code into Callurian law would increase the popularity of President Wels with the public immensely, and would also appease a traditionally hostile Senate to the executive branch up until this point. During his Presidency, Wels would additionally sign both the PREPS Act and the Election Security Act into law after being passed by the Senate, the first of which would legalize canvassing, and the second of which would establish message requirements to vote in the name of election integrity.

President Wels would resign from office after about 7 days, and would make his Chancellor, Chancellor SunGlisten, President in his place.

Notable achievements during his Presidency included:

* Signing the first Civil Code into law.
* Legalizing Canvassing through the PREPS Act.
* Signing the Election Security Act into law, the first law to protect election integrity.
* Became the first President to be bar certified.
* Became the first Asian President of Calluris.

### The SunGlisten Presidency:

SunGlisten would become the 4th President of Calluris after the resignation of Wels from the office in order to pursue a career in the Callurian Judiciary. This would be following the resignation of Justice Freland, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, leaving a vacancy on the court that Wels was eager to fill.

As such, Wels would quickly resign from the Presidency, and Chief Justice Swiff would quickly inaugurate SunGlisten to the office. Following his inauguration, President SunGlisten would immediately nominate Wels to the Supreme Court. His nomination would meet some controversy in the Senate, with a new member of the server, Senator Romulus, who had been elected during the prior midterm elections, especially obstructing Wels's nomination, holding a hearing and dragging out proceedings as long as possible, but his efforts proved insufficient, and after some delay, the Senate would confirm his nomination to the Supreme Court, and Wels would remain on the bench for the remainder of the Third Republic as an Associate Justice.

The Senate would later attempt to impeach President SunGlisten, accusing him of being a Discordian sympathizer, but this impeachment attempt would fail, and SunGlisten would remain in office until the next Presidential Election. The only notable thing he would do as President would be to sign the bail act into law, which would establish bail for criminal defenders accused of crimes in Calluris.

## The Romulus Era

Following the SunGlisten Presidency, one of the most competitive elections in Callurian history would occur between former President Richard Blumenthal, and Senator Romulus, who was also running for the office of the Presidency after having served in the Senate for two weeks. Both candidates were controversial figures, but Romulus would propose numerous policies and appear far more competent than Blumenthal to the Callurian people, resulting in Senator Romulus narrowly being elected as the 5th President of Calluris, ushering in a new era of the Third Republic known as the Romulus era, characterized by greater political stability and the end of the Great RoD scare that had continued to plague the Republic up to this point.

### The Romulus Presidency:

After a very close election between Senator Romulus and Former President Richard Blumenthal, Senator Romulus would narrowly be elected as the 5th President of the Republic of Calluris. Following his election to office, Romulus would immediately establish himself as an anti-establishment politician, and advocated for major reforms to the Callurian system of government.

These reforms soon came in a series of Executive Orders enacted by President Romulus, including an order establishing a Government Oversight Committee to investigate alleged "corruption" in the Callurian government. The committee itself was seen by much of the public, and especially the Senate however, as corrupt itself, and with Romulus advocating for major and controversial reforms to the Constitution, including elected courts, the Senate would write and ratify a new Constitution with the goal of further limiting the power of the President, with the Senate fearing a possible takeover of government by President Romulus if given the chance.

This new Constitution would abolish the office of the Chancellor, and would replace it with the current office of the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister would be elected by the Senate and would have numerous powers to limit the powers of the President. President Romulus strongly opposed this new Constitution, but it was ratified by the Senate regardless, and the Senate would use this new Constitution to largely obstruct Romulus's efforts at reform for the remainder of his term, resulting in President Romulus deciding not to run for reelection at the end of his term in office.

Notable achievements during his Presidency included:

* Was the first President of Calluris to serve a full term in office.
* Signed the Community Service Act into law, creating community service as an option for convicts as punishment.
* Created a Government Oversight Committee to investigate corruption in the government, especially the Senate.
* Proposed a Constitutional Amendment to establish elected courts, but had the amendment rejected by the Senate.

### The Joestar Presidency:

Following the Romulus Presidency, extremely popular Callurian politician Joseph Joestar, who had formerly served as a Senator, Speaker of the Senate, Chancellor, and numerous other positions in the government, would finally make a bid for the Presidency, and would become one of the most popular Presidents to ever be elected, winning his election with a whopping 75% of all votes cast.

Following his election as the 6th President of Calluris, President Joestar would accomplish much thanks to his immense popularity with the Callurian people, allowing him to work in close cooperation with both the Senate and the courts during his time in office. It was also under his Presidency that Calluris would first begin to engage in international affairs, with President Joestar, along with popular Minister of Foreign Affairs Joshua, negotiating treaties with both the United Republic of America and the Alemandrian Union, both of which would be ratified by the Senate. He would also be the second President to serve a full term in office.

Other notable achievements during his Presidency included:

* Creating a Referendum ping for Constitutional Referendums.
* Creating the position of Chief of Staff in the Cabinet.
* Signed dozens of acts into law, most notably the Transparency Act, which increased transparency in the government.
* Held a meme competition between the three states to promote activity.
* Revitalized an inactive Ministry of Justice through his nomination of Former President SunGlisten to Attorney General.
* Founded the CIA Server and revitalized the institution.
* Established a structure for the military through legislation enacted by the Senate.
* Established a passport system for easier transportation between allied nations.
* Solved the Callurian debt crisis by donating his own money to pay off the debt the government had accumulated.

### The Alex Presidency:

Alex would become the 7th President of Calluris following the resignation of President Joestar only 5 hours before the end of the Presidential Election, making him the shortest serving President in Callurian History.

### The Wilbur Presidency:

Following the conclusion of the Alex Presidency thanks to the ending of the Presidential Elections, candidate Chris J. Wilbur would be elected the 8th President of Calluris in a landslide election, winning 85% of the popular vote during the election, making him the most popular President in Callurian history at the time of his election.

The beginning of Wilbur's term as President would remain strong, and he would retain public support for a while, but as his activity declined, public support of the President waned, and the Senate attempted to impeach the President for inactivity following the midterm elections, but the articles of impeachment against him would end up failing, allowing him to remain in office until the end of his term. It was also during Wilbur's Presidency that the Great Scam of Rajputana would take place, a very famous event in Callurian history.

> The Great Scam of Rajputana
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> The Great Scam of Rajputana would begin after the conclusion of the Joestar Presidency, as Joseph Joestar would see declining activity within Calluris around this time period, and in an effort to restore server activity and attract new members, would create his own server known as Rajputana. Little known to the members of this new server however, the new server was made solely as a way of bringing new members and activity to the Republic of Calluris, and after about two weeks of its existence, Joestar would announce the colonization of the server by the Republic of Calluris.
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> Not only were the people of Rajputana infuriated by this, but many members of Calluris itself would be infuriated as well by a clear scamming of dozens of people by Joestar. The Republic of Rajputana would attempt to declare war against Calluris following this incident, but President Wilbur would successfully avoid war with the small server by granting it full independence from Calluris through the signing of a treaty, though the server would die soon after. Many people would not forgive Joestar nor Calluris for the incident however, with Attorney General SunGlisten even emigrating from Calluris over the issue. The failure of the Scam of Rajputana would further decrease the activity of Calluris, beginning the dark ages of the Third Republic, seeing a general decline in server activity and a series of inactive Presidents further exasterbating the problem.
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Another notable event to occur during the Wilbur Presidency was a now famous lawsuit in Callurian legal history, the Supreme Court case of Wilbur v. Election Supervisor, and one of the most famous Supreme Court decisions in Calluris to date.

> Wilbur v. Election Supervisor
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> Following the midterm elections held during Wilbur's Presidency, President Wilbur would file a lawsuit against the Ownership of Calluris, claiming that the method in which the midterm elections were administered violated the right to vote guaranteed by the Constitution.
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> The Supreme Court would accept the case, and Wilbur would make oral arguments for the petitioner, while Senator Nature would make the case for the Ownership. Wilbur would allege in his arguments that the method by which the Ownership held the midterm elections was unconstitutional, since all citizens were guaranteed the right to vote, and the way in which the elections were held allowed citizens to only vote for one Senator when two Senators were being elected. Wilbur argued that this violated the right to vote, claiming that each Senate seat was a separate election, and thus that citizens were being deprived of their right to vote in one of those two elections.
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> Senator Nature, arguing for the respondent, disagreed, claiming that the election for the two different seats was a single election, and not two separate elections, thus causing no violations of the right to vote. Nature argued that because the midterms are a single election that fills two seats in the Senate for that state, that giving each citizen the right to vote once in that election was constitutional, and did not violate the right to vote guaranteed by the Constitution.
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> In a 2-1 decision, also marking the first Supreme Court ruling in which a Justice dissented, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the petitioner, forever changing the way by which midterm elections are held in Calluris. Justice Wels and Justice King Industry would compose the majority of the court, while Chief Justice Swiff would dissent with the majority. Justice Wels would write the majority opinion, finding that in order for a Senator to be elected, the people of that state would have to be able to vote for that Senator, or else they could not be considered elected.
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> Chief Justice Swiff would write a dissenting opinion, disagreeing with the majority, and stating the following about the case:
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> "Two votes for two candidates, or separate elections for both seats, might be more just. Or effectuate the right to vote. Or provide for a more successful election. Or provide for a more representative government. However, deciding this is not our province, jurisdiction, or duty. Such a decision is better left to the political branches of government, and the people. This institution is not in the business of legislating."
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> Nevertheless, the opinions of Swiff were overruled in this case, and as a result, the method of election of Senators during midterms established by the ruling of the court in this case continues to this day, with citizens being able to vote for both Senators elected during the midterm elections.
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Other noticeable accomplishments of the Wilbur Presidency include:

* Finally brought the size of Calluris to 200 members, as promised during his presidential campaign.
* Repealed the longtime Oligarch Opposition Act, which made holding multiple government offices illegal.
* Vetoed the repealment of the Anti-Horny Act, a law which makes NSFW channels in Calluris illegal, which is still enforced today.
* Signed the Restitution Act into law.
* Was the third President to serve a full term in office.

### The Second Blumenthal Presidency:

Following the end of the Wilbur Presidency, Former President Richard Blumenthal would run for President once again, and after numerous failed attempts to win the office once again, Richard would finally be elected President of Calluris for a second term, becoming the first President to serve two terms, and the first President to be elected by a minority of the population, winning only 45% of the popular vote in the election.

Blumenthal would be strongly disliked by the public as a result, and would be detested during the course of his singular day in office. The Senate would also remove Prime Minister Steve at this time for corruption, and Chief Justice Swiff, whom Blumenthal defeated in the Presidential Election, would be nominated by President Blumenthal as the new Prime Minister, and Swiff would then negotiate a contract with Blumenthal that would result in Blumenthal's resignation from the Presidency after only a day in office, and Swiff would become the 10th President of Calluris. President Blumenthal would also nominate Senator Nature as the 2nd Chief Justice of Calluris after the resignation of Swiff from Chief Justice to become Prime Minister.

### The Swiff Presidency:

Swiff would be inaugurated as the 10th President of Calluris, and would be the first former Supreme Court Justice to become President. Swiff would be a relatively popular President, signing the most bills into law of any President, and rescinding all Executive Orders enacted by previous Presidents.

Swiff would also work to improve the legal systems of Calluris while President, working with the Senate to pass immense amounts of important legislation, signing dozens of bills into law under his tenure, and enacting 14 Executive Orders establishing important systems for the Callurian Government. It would be President Swiff that would also first create the custom of passing budgets approved by the Senate, and it would be President Swiff that would create and enact the first Tax Code of Calluris into law in an effort to revitalize the economy.

Notable achievements of his Presidency included:

* Was the first President to have formerly served on the courts.
* Signed the most bills into law out of any President in history.
* Rescinded all Executive Orders enacted by prior Presidents.
* Enacted 14 Executive Orders during his tenure, the most of any one President.
* Signed the first Tax Code of Calluris into law.
* Signed the first Government Budget approved by the Senate.

## The Dark Age of Calluris

Following the Swiff Presidency, Calluris would enter a dark age, starting with the election of Deegan as the 11th President of Calluris. During the Deegan Presidency, the activity of the server would begin to rapidly decline, as many active members became tired of the server and began to reduce their activity. The Owner, Senator Nature, would also become busy with issues in his real life, leading to his resignation from Ownership, and the transferring of the Ownership of the server to Copley, who would make Deegan co-owner, and would lead Calluris into a spiral of inactivity following Nature's departure from the server.

### The Deegan Presidency:

Deegan would be elected as the 11th President of Calluris, and his Presidency would mark the beginning of the Dark Age of Calluris. It was during this time that the activity of the server would rapidly decline, and the conservative nature of President Deegan would prevent the government from enacting necessary reforms to save the server from the rapid decline it was now facing. The resignation of Nature from ownership would lead to many members leaving the server as well, and Copley becoming owner, while at first not destructive, would eventually lead to the death of the server completely for nearly 3 months. It was during the Deegan Presidency that this transfer of Ownership would occur, and the true Dark Age of Calluris would begin.

### The Buttnaked Presidency:

Little is known or recorded about the Buttnaked Presidency, although Buttnaked would serve as the first Black President of Calluris, and would be elected as the 12th President of Calluris following the Deegan Presidency. President Buttnaked would briefly restore some activity to the Republic of Calluris following the Deegan Presidency, but would leave after the end of his Presidency, resulting in even more inactivity after its conclusion, serving only 6 days in office, and leading to Barlow becoming the 13th President of Calluris after Buttnaked's resignation.

### The Barlow Presidency:

Barlow would become the 13th President of Calluris after the emigration of President Buttnaked, and little would happen during his Presidency, as the activity of the server continued to plummet, with the server as a whole getting less than 1000 messages daily by this point. Barlow would attempt to accomplish some things during his 8 days as President, but by this point, the Ownership had begun to neglect the server, with Copley deeming it a lost cause, and Ownership being divided between 5 people.

### The Second Joestar Presidency:

Following the inactivity of the Barlow Presidency, Joestar would run for President of Calluris again in a bid to revive the dying server. Joestar would be elected as the 14th President of Calluris as a result, and his Presidency would restore some activity to the server, but by this point, the server was too far gone for Joestar to revive successfully. After serving one full term in office, he would decide not to run for reelection, and Calluris would fall into even greater inactivity.

### The Kramer Dictatorship:

After the Joestar Presidency, Kramer would be elected as the 15th President of Calluris during the height of the server's inactivity up to this point, with less than 10 people voting in the election that placed him in the office. During his Presidency, President Kramer would successfully establish a dictatorship over the server in a desperate effort to revive it, by convincing his Prime Minister of the time, Prime Minister Cap, to allow him to declare martial law, and bypass the Senate to enact controversial reforms. This would lead to many people leaving the server as Kramer became consistently more tyrannical in his rule as dictator over Calluris, and would result in a petition being issued to Nature asking for his return to the server as owner to end the dictatorship. Nature would eventually oblige, resulting in a revolution against the government, the deposition of all sitting government officials, and new elections being called to establish a new government in the wake of the Kramer dictatorship. This revolution would result in the creation of the 4th Republic of Calluris.