Kenneth More

Kenneth More offers Prince Bernhard and Queen Juliana a model of a Spitfire during the Dutch gala premiere of the film Battle of Britain at the Tuschinski Theater in Amsterdam in 1969.

### Character

Group Captain Barker

**Kenneth Gilbert More**, CBE (20 September 1914 – 12 July 1982) was an English film and stage actor.

Initially achieving fame in the comedy *Genevieve* (1953), he appeared in many roles as a carefree, happy-go-lucky gent. Films from this period include *Doctor in the House* (1954), *Raising a Riot* (1955), *The Admirable Crichton* (1957), *The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw* (1958) and *Next to No Time* (1958). He also played more serious roles as a leading man, beginning with *The Deep Blue Sea* (1955), *Reach for the Sky* (1956), *A Night to Remember* (1958), *North West Frontier* (1959), *The 39 Steps* (1959) and *Sink the Bismarck* (1960).

Although his career declined in the early 1960s, two of his own favourite films date from this time – *The Comedy Man* (1964) and *The Greengage Summer* (1961) with Susannah York, "one of the happiest films on which I have ever worked." He also enjoyed a revival in the much-acclaimed TV adaptation of *The Forsyte Saga* (1967) and the *Father Brown* series (1974).

## Early life

Kenneth More was born in Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, the only son of Charles Gilbert More, a Royal Naval Air Service pilot, and Edith Winifred Watkins, the daughter of a Cardiff solicitor. He was educated at Victoria College, Jersey, having spent part of his childhood in the Channel Islands, where his father was general manager of the Jersey Eastern Railway.

After he left school, he followed the family tradition by training as a civil engineer. He gave up his training and worked for a while in Sainsbury's on the Strand.

When More was 17 his father died, and he applied to join the Royal Air Force, but failed the medical test for equilibrium. He then travelled to Canada, intending to work as a fur trapper, but was sent back because he lacked immigration papers.

### Windmill Theatre

On his return from Canada, a business associate of his father, Vivian Van Damm, agreed to offer him work as a stagehand at the Windmill Theatre, where his job included shifting scenery, and helping to get the nude players off stage during its *Revudeville* variety shows. After a chance moment on stage helping out a comic, he realised he wanted to become an actor and was soon promoted to playing straight man in the *Revudeville* comedy routines, appearing in his first sketch in August 1935.

He played there for a year, which then led to regular work in repertory, including Newcastle, performing in plays such as *Burke and Hare* and *Dracula's Daughter*. Other stage appearances included *Do You Remember?* (1937), *Stage Hands Never Lie* (1937) and *Distinguished Gathering* (1937).

More continued his theatre work until the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939. He had the occasional bit part in films such as *Look Up and Laugh* (1935).

### Second World War

More received a commission as a lieutenant in the Royal Navy, and saw active service aboard the cruiser HMS *Aurora* and the aircraft carrier HMS *Victorious*.

### Resumption of acting career

On demobilisation in 1946 he worked for the Wolverhampton repertory company, then appeared on stage in the West End in *And No Birds Sing* (1946).

More played Badger in a TV adaptation of *Toad of Toad Hall* (1946) and a bit part in the film *School for Secrets* (1946). He was seen by Noël Coward playing a small role on stage in *Power Without Glory* (1947), which led to his being cast in Coward's *Peace In Our Time* (1948) on stage.

More's earliest bit parts in films date from before the war, but around this time, he began to appear regularly on the big screen. For a small role in *Scott of the Antarctic* (1948) as Edward Evans, 1st Baron Mountevans, he was paid ₤500. He had minor parts in *Man on the Run* (1949), *Now Barabbas* (1949), and *Stop Press Girl* (1949).

## Stardom

### Rising reputation

More achieved a notable stage success in *The Way Things Go* (1950) with Ronald Squire, from whom More later claimed he learned his stage technique.

He was in demand for minor roles on screen such as *Morning Departure* (1950) and *Chance of a Lifetime* (1950). More had a good part as a British agent in *The Clouded Yellow* (1950) for Ralph Thomas.

He could also be seen in *The Franchise Affair* (1951) and *The Galloping Major* (1951). More's first Hollywood-financed film was *No Highway in the Sky* (1951) where he played a co-pilot. Thomas cast him in another strong support part in *Appointment with Venus* (1952).

More achieved above the title billing for the first time with a low budget comedy, *Brandy for the Parson* (1952), playing a smuggler.

### *The Deep Blue Sea*

Roland Culver recommended More audition for a part in a new play by Terence Rattigan, *The Deep Blue Sea* (1952); he was successful and achieved tremendous critical acclaim in the role of Freddie.

During the play's run he appeared as a worried parent in a thriller, *The Yellow Balloon* (1953). He was in another Hollywood-financed film, *Never Let Me Go* (1953), playing a colleague of Clark Gable.

### Film stardom: *Genevieve* and *Doctor in the House*

Director Henry Cornelius approached More during the run of *The Deep Blue Sea* and offered him £3,500 to play one of the four leads in a comedy, *Genevieve* (1953) (a part turned down by Guy Middleton). More said Cornelius never saw him in the play but cast him on the basis of his work in *The Galloping Major*. More recalls "the shooting of the picture was hell. Everything went wrong, even the weather." The resulting film was a huge success at the British box office.

More next made *Our Girl Friday* (1953) and *Doctor in the House* (1954), the latter for Ralph Thomas. Both films were made before the release of *Genevieve* so More's fee was relatively small; *Our Girl Friday* was a commercial disappointment but *Doctor in the House* was the biggest hit at the 1954 British box office and the most successful film in the history of Rank. More received a BAFTA Award as best newcomer.

More appeared in a TV production of *The Deep Blue Sea* in 1954, which was seen by an audience of 11 million. More signed a five-year contract with Sir Alexander Korda at £10,000 a year. '

He was now established as one of Britain's biggest stars and Korda announced plans to feature him in two films based on true stories, one about the Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown in 1919 also featuring Denholm Elliott, and the other Clifton James, the double for Field Marshal Montgomery. The first film was never made and the second (*I Was Monty's Double*) with another actor. Korda also wanted More to star in a new version of *The Four Feathers*, *Storm Over the Nile* (1956) but he turned it down.

However More did accept Korda's offer to appear in a film adaptation of *The Deep Blue Sea* (1955) gaining the Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival for his performance. The film was something of a critical and commercial disappointment (More felt Vivien Leigh was miscast in the lead) but still widely seen. He also did the narration for Korda's *The Man Who Loved Redheads* (1955).

More starred in a comedy, *Raising a Riot* (1955), which was the eighth most popular movie at the British box office in 1955.

### *Reach for the Sky*

He received an offer from David Lean to play the lead role in an adaptation of *The Wind Cannot Read* by Richard Mason. More was unsure about whether the public would accept him in the part and turned it down, a decision he later regarded as "the greatest mistake I ever made professionally". (Lean dropped the project and was not involved in the eventual 1958 film version which starred Dirk Bogarde and which was directed by Ralph Thomas).

Instead, More played the Royal Air Force fighter ace, Douglas Bader, in *Reach for the Sky* (1956), a part turned down by Richard Burton. It was the most popular British film of the year. By 1956, More's asking price was £25,000 a film.

More received offers to go to Hollywood, but turned them down, unsure his persona would be effective there. However, he started working with American co-stars and directors more often. In February 1957, he signed a contract with Daniel M. Angel and was to make ten films over five years, seven which would be distributed by Rank and three by 20th Century Fox. In June of that year, he said:

> Hollywood has been hitting two extremes – either a Biblical de Mille spectacular or a *Baby Doll*. Britain does two other kinds of movie as well as anyone – a certain type of high comedy and a kind of semi-documentary. I believe we (the British film industry) should hit these hard.
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His next film, *The Admirable Crichton* (1957), was a high comedy, based on the play by J. M. Barrie. It was released by Columbia Pictures. It was directed by Lewis Gilbert who also had made *Reach for the Sky* and who later said:

> I was very fond of Kenny as an actor, although he wasn't particularly versatile. What he could do, he did very well. His strengths were his ability to portray charm; basically he was the officer returning from the war and he was superb in that kind of role. The minute that kind of role went out of existence, he began to go down as a box office star."
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Regarding his performance in this film, critic David Shipman wrote:

> It was not just that he had superb comic timing: one could see absolutely why the family trusted their fates to him. No other British actor had come so close to that dependable, reliable quality of the great Hollywood stars – you would trust him through thick and thin. And he was more humorous than, say, Gary Cooper, more down-to-earth than, say, Cary Grant.
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*The Admirable Crichton* was the third most popular movie at the British box office in 1957.

In 1957, More had announced that he would play the lead role of a captain caught up in the Indian Mutiny in *Night Runners of Bengal* but the film was never made. More turned down an offer from Roy Ward Baker to play a German POW in *The One That Got Away* (1957), but agreed to play the lead part of Charles Lightoller in the Titanic film for the same director, *A Night to Remember* (1958). This was the first of a seven-year contract with Rank at a fee of £40,000 a film. It was popular though failed to recoup its large cost; it was one of More's most critically acclaimed films.

For his next film, More had an American co-star Betsy Drake, *Next to No Time* (1958) directed by Cornelius. It was a minor success at the box office.

More then made a series of films for Rank that were distributed in the US by 20th Century Fox.

The first was *The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw* (1958), a Western spoof originally written for Clifton Webb. He had an American director (Raoul Walsh) and co-star (Jayne Mansfield), although the film was shot in Spain. It was the tenth most-popular movie at the British box office in 1958.

He followed it for another with Ralph Thomas, a remake of *The 39 Steps* (1959), with a Hollywood co star (Taina Elg). It was a hit in Britain.

The third Fox-Rank film was an Imperial adventure set in India, *North West Frontier* (1959), co-starring Lauren Bacall and directed by J. Lee Thompson. It was another success in Britain but not in the US.

However *Sink the Bismarck!* (1960), directed by Gilbert, was a hit in Britain and the US.

More was the subject of *This Is Your Life* in 1959 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at the Odeon Cinema, Shepherd's Bush.

## Later career

### Decline in film popularity

In 1960, Rank's Managing Director John Davis gave permission for More to work outside his contract to appear in *The Guns of Navarone* (1961). More, however, made the mistake of heckling and swearing at Davis at a BAFTA dinner at the Dorchester, losing both the role (which went to David Niven) and his contract with Rank.

More went on to make a comedy, *Man In The Moon* (1960), which flopped at the box office, "his first real flop" since becoming a star, according to Shipman. He returned to the stage directing *The Angry Deep* in Brighton in 1960.

More and Gilbert were reunited on *The Greengage Summer* (1961) which remains one of More's favourite films, although Gilbert felt the star was miscast.

More says he accepted the lead in the low-budget youth film, *Some People* (1962), because he had no other offers at the time. The movie was profitable. He was one of many stars in *The Longest Day* (1962) and played the lead in a comedy *We Joined the Navy* (1962), which was poorly received.

More tried to change his image with *The Comedy Man* (1963) which the public did not like, although it became his favourite role.

Some felt More's popularity declined when he left his second wife to live with Angela Douglas. Film writer Andrew Spicer thought that "More's persona was so strongly associated with traditional middle class values that his stardom could not survive the shift towards working class iconoclasts" during that decade. Another writer, Christopher Sandford, wrote that "as the sixties began and the star of the ironic, postmodernist school rose, More was derided as a ludicrous old fogey with crinkly hair and a tweed jacket."

More went back to the stage, appearing in *Out of the Crocodile* (1963) and *Our Man Crichton* (1964–65), which ran for six months.

He appeared in a 35-minute prologue to *The Collector* (1965) at the special request of director William Wyler, but it ended up being removed entirely from the final film.

### Revival

More's popularity recovered in the 1960s through West End stage performances and television roles, especially following his success in *The Forsyte Saga* (1967). Critic David Shipman said More's personal notices for his performance on stage in *The Secretary Bird* (1968) "must be among the best accorded any light comedian during this century".

On screen More had a small role in *Dark of the Sun* (1968) and a bigger one in *Fräulein Doktor* (1969). He was one of many names in *Oh! What a Lovely War* (1969) and *Battle of Britain* (1969). He took the role of the Ghost of Christmas Present in *Scrooge* (1970) and had long stage runs with a revival of *The Winslow Boy* (1970) and *Getting On* by Alan Bennett (1971).

He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1970 New Year Honours.

### Later career

More's later stage appearances included *Signs of the Times* (1973) and *On Approval* (1977). He played the title character in ATV's *Father Brown* (1974) series.

His later film roles included *The Slipper and the Rose* (1976), *Where Time Began* (1978), *Leopard in the Snow* (1978), *An Englishman's Castle* (1978) and *The Spaceman and King Arthur (aka Unidentified Flying Oddball)* (1979).

## Personal life

More was married three times. His first marriage in 1940 to actress Mary Beryl Johnstone (one daughter, Susan Jane, born 1941) ended in divorce in 1946. He married Mabel Edith "Bill" Barkby in 1952 (one daughter, Sarah, born 1954) but left her in 1968 for Angela Douglas, an actress 26 years his junior, causing considerable estrangement from friends and family. He was married to Douglas (whom he nicknamed "Shrimp") from 17 March 1968 until his death.

More wrote two autobiographies, *Happy Go Lucky* (1959) and *More or Less* (1978). In the second book he related how he had since childhood, a recurrent dream of something akin to a huge wasp descending towards him. During the war he had experienced a German Stuka dive-bomber descending in just such a manner. After that he claimed never to have had that dream again. Producer Daniel M. Angel successfully sued More for libel in 1980 over comments made in his second autobiography.

### Illness and death

More and Douglas separated for several years during the 1970s but reunited when he was diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease. This made it increasingly difficult for him to work, although his last role was a sizeable supporting part in a US TV adaptation of *A Tale of Two Cities* (1980). In 1980, when he was being sued by producer Danny Angel for comments in his memoirs, he told the court he was retired.

In 1981 he wrote:

> Doctors and friends ask me how I feel. How can you define "bloody awful?" My nerves are stretched like a wire; the simplest outing becomes a huge challenge – I have to have Angela's arm to support me most days... my balance or lack of it is probably my biggest problem. My blessings are my memories and we have a few very loyal friends who help us through the bad days... Financially all's well. Thank goodness my wife, who holds nothing of the past over my head, is constantly at my side. Real love never dies. We share a sense of humour which at times is vital. If I have a philosophy it is that life doesn't put everything your way. It takes a little back. I strive to remember the ups rather than the downs. I have a lot of time with my thoughts these days and sometimes they hurt so much I can hardly bear it. However, my friends always associate me with the song: "When You're Smiling..." lt isn't always easy but I'm trying to live up to it.
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More died on 12 July 1982, aged 67. It is now believed that he had been suffering from multiple system atrophy (MSA), due in part to the age of onset and the speed at which the condition progressed. His body was cremated at Putney Vale Crematorium and a plaque erected at the actor's church St Paul's, Covent Garden, following a memorial attended by family, friends and colleagues.

## Legacy

The Kenneth More Theatre, named in his honour, is in Ilford, east London.

A plaque commemorates More at 27 Rumbold Road, Fulham, his home at the time of his death.

An official website was launched in 2018 to coincide with the birth of the late actor, by entertainment publicist and writer Nick Pourgourides, who now manages Kenneth More's estate on behalf of wife Angela Douglas and More's children, Jane and Sarah. The objective was to reinvigorate the late actor's name and image, which had fallen into obscurity since More's death in 1982. The main priority of the estate is in re-educating the public of the important part Kenneth More played in the British entertainment industry from the 1950s through to the 1970s.

In 2019, in collaboration with Talking Pictures TV, the Kenneth More estate helped to create and promote the first Kenneth More Day, marking the late actor's passing on 12 July. A national and regional media campaign was also undertaken to help promote the life of the late actor.

The Kenneth More estate also helped to organise a memorial plaque at the Duchess Theatre in London's West End, which was unveiled in 2019. The theatre was the site of More's acclaimed performance as Freddie Page in a production of Terence Rattigan's *The Deep Blue Sea*.

In 2019, the rights to More's final autobiography, *More or Less*, reverted to the late actor's estate.

*More Please*, the first authorised book on Kenneth More, is due for publication on December 10th 2020. The book is written by Nick Pourgourides, who manages Kenneth More's estate. The book will include contributions from his family and those who worked with the late actor, as well as exclusive excerpts from More's final autobiography, *More or Less*.

Future plans by the Kenneth More estate include a retrospective and exhibition of More's awards, film-related material and personal papers, which are contained in the late actor's archive held by Nick Pourgourides.

## Sources

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Kenneth More (1978) *More or Less*, Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-22603-X
2. ↑ "Popular new star" *The Australian Women's Weekly* (via National Library of Australia), 1 June 1955, p. 44. Retrieved: 6 May 2012.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Shipman 1972, p. 371.
4. ↑ Thompson, Howard (29 May 1955). "From The 'Windmill' to the 'Sea'". *New York Times*. https://www.nytimes.com/1955/05/29/archives/from-the-windmill-to-the-sea.html. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
5. ↑ More 1978, p. 157.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Thompson, Harold. "From the 'Windmill' to the 'Sea'." *The New York Times*, 29 May 1955, p. 53.
7. ↑ "JOHN WAYNE HEADS BOX-OFFICE POLL". *The Mercury (Hobart)* (Tasmania, Australia) **CLXXVI** (26,213): p. 6. 31 December 1954. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article27253063. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "New British star has slick comedy flair". *The Australian Women's Weekly* **22** (8): p. 34. 21 July 1954. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article41254572. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
9. ↑ "Herald features." *The Sydney Morning Herald* (via National Library of Australia), 9 September 1954, p. 11. Retrieved: 6 May 2012.
10. ↑ "Front page news ABROA stars share Venice film prize". *The Argus (Melbourne)*: p. 2. 12 September 1955. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article71694749.
11. ↑ "Dirk Bogarde favourite film actor". *The Irish Times* (Dublin, Ireland): p. 9. Dec 29, 1955.
12. ↑ More 1978, p. 228.
13. ↑ "Star Dust." *The Mirror (Western Australia)* (Perth, WA) (via National Library of Australia), 11 February 1956, p. 11. Retrieved: 6 May 2012.
14. ↑ STEPHEN WATTS (Feb 3, 1957). "OBSERVATIONS ON THE ENGLISH SCREEN SCENE: Presenting the New Producers' Chief --Annual Polls--Debated Features British Victors Controversies Potpourri". *New York Times*: p. 85.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Morgan, Gwen (July 14, 1957). "Kenneth More- Britain's best: He's no matinee idol, but film fans around the world love him". *Chicago Daily Tribune*: p. 22. http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1957/07/14/page/204/article/kenneth-more-britains-best.
16. ↑ MacFarlane 1997, p. 222.
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Shipman 1989, pp. 414–415.
18. ↑ "BRITISH ACTORS HEAD FILM POLL: BOX-OFFICE SURVEY". *The Manchester Guardian*: p. 3. 27 December 1957.
19. ↑ "Year of Profitable British Films". *The Times* (London, England): p. 13. January 1, 1960.
20. ↑ "Year Of Profitable British Films". *The Times* (London, England): p. 13. 1 January 1960.
21. ↑ "FOUR BRITISH FILMS IN 'TOP 6': BOULTING COMEDY HEADS BOX OFFICE LIST". *The Guardian* (London (UK)): p. 4. 11 December 1959.
22. ↑ E. A. (Jul 19, 1964). "LOCAL NEWS: BANKHEAD'S BACK, OTHER ITEMS". *New York Times*.
23. ↑ "An interview with Peter Yeldham." *Memorable TV*. Retrieved: 12 June 2012.
24. ↑ Spicer, Andrew. "Kenneth More." *BFI Screenonline*. Retrieved: 6 May 2012.
25. ↑ Sandford, Christopher. "Quiet Hero: Happy (Belated) Birthday to British Actor Kenneth More (September 20, 1914 – July 12, 1982)." *Bright Lights Film Journal*, 29 September 2014.
26. ↑ "TV's Father Brown." *The Australian Women's Weekly* (via National Library of Australia), 27 March 1974, p. 10. Retrieved: 6 May 2012.
27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "Why I'm living on Love." *The Australian Women's Weekly* (via National Library of Australia), 7 October 1981, p. 26. Retrieved: 6 May 2012.
28. ↑ "Kenneth More 'has retired'". *The Guardian* (London (UK)): p. 3. May 2, 1980.
29. ↑ Kenneth More Charity page at official website.
30. ↑ Plaque: Kenneth More. Retrieved on July 28, 2020.