2023

Current calendar yearTemplate:SHORTDESC:Current calendar year

**2023**
January : February : March : April : May : June : July : August : September : October : November : December

Template:About year

Calendar yearTemplate:SHORTDESC:Calendar year

**2023** (MMXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2023rd year of the Common Era (CE) and *Anno Domini* (AD) designations, the 23rd year of the , the 23rd year of the , and the 4th year of the decade.

2023Template:SHORTDESC:2023
The year has seen the decline in severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, with the WHO ending its global health emergency status in May. The Russian invasion of Ukraine and Myanmar civil war have continued, and a series of coups, several armed conflicts, and political crises broke out in numerous African nations. An escalation of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict occurred in October when Hamas, which governs the Gaza Strip, launched an attack on Israel, leading the latter to declare war on Hamas. Furthermore, the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict ended after over 100,000 Armenians fled the region. Catastrophic natural disasters included the fifth-deadliest earthquake of the 21st century striking Turkey and Syria, leaving nearly 60,000 people dead, Cyclone Freddy – the longest-lasting recorded tropical cyclone in history – leading to over 1,400 deaths in Malawi and Mozambique, Storm Daniel, which became the deadliest cyclone worldwide since Cyclone Nargis after killing at least 11,000 people in Libya, a major 6.8 magnitude earthquake striking western Morocco, killing 2,960 people, and a 6.3 magnitude triplet earthquake striking western Afghanistan, killing over 1,000 people.

2023 additionally witnessed a banking crisis resulting in the collapse of numerous American regional banks as well as the buyout of Credit Suisse by UBS in Switzerland. Among American banks, the two largest banks which collapsed were Silicon Valley Bank and First Republic Bank, the third and second largest banking collapses in US history respectively. Furthermore, numerous acquisitions in various industries were announced, some of the largest and most notable being October's energy acquisitions with ExxonMobil and Chevron buying Pioneer Natural Resources and Hess respectively, the luxury fashion holding company Tapestry (Coach New York and Kate Spade New York) announcing its purchase of Capri Holdings (Michael Kors and Versace), and the closure of Microsoft's acquisition of Activision Blizzard.

In the realm of technology, 2023 has seen the continued rise of generative AI models, with increasing applications across various industries. These models, leveraging advancements in machine learning and natural language processing, have become capable of creating realistic and coherent text, images, and music. An AI arms race between private companies has continued since the late 2010s, with Microsoft-backed OpenAI and Google-owner Alphabet today most dominant among firms.

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## Events

### January

* January 1 – Croatia adopts the euro and joins the Schengen Area, becoming the 20th member state of the Eurozone and the 27th member of the Schengen Area. This is the first enlargement of the Eurozone since Lithuania's entry in 2015, and the first enlargement of the Schengen Area since Liechtenstein's entry in 2011.
* January 3 – Starting from this date, many countries impose travel restrictions on travel from China due to the relaxation of the PRC's zero-COVID policies.
* January 5 – The funeral for Pope Benedict XVI is held at Saint Peter's Square within the Vatican City.
* January 8
	+ The 2023 Beninese parliamentary election is held, with the Progressive Union for Renewal party winning a plurality of seats.
	+ COVID-19 pandemic: China reopens its borders to international visitors, marking the end of travel restrictions that began in March 2020. File:Ataque bolsonarista ao Congresso Nacional do Brasil.png
	+ Following the 2022 Brazilian general election in October that year and the inauguration of Lula da Silva as President of Brazil on 1 January, supporters of former Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro storm the Brazilian National Congress, the Supreme Federal Court and the Presidential Palace of Planalto.

* January 10–17 – A deadly cold snap in Afghanistan kills 166 people and nearly 80,000 livestock.
* January 15 – Yeti Airlines Flight 691 crashes during final approach into Pokhara, Nepal, killing all 72 people on board.
* January 16 – Italian police arrests Matteo Messina Denaro, the head of Sicilian Mafia in Palermo, Sicily, ending a 30-year manhunt for the main fugitive in the 1992 bombings in Capaci and Via D'Amelio.
* January 17
	+ An avalanche strikes Nyingchi, Tibet, killing 28.
	+ Nguyễn Xuân Phúc resigns as President of Vietnam amid several recent scandals in the government.
* January 18
	+ The 2023 Antiguan general election is held.
	+ A helicopter crash in Ukraine leaves 14 people dead, including the country's Interior Minister, Denys Monastyrsky.
* January 20 – The Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago elects former senate president, minister and lawyer Christine Kangaloo as president of the country in a 48–22 vote.
* January 25 – Chris Hipkins succeeds Jacinda Ardern as Prime Minister of New Zealand, six days after she announced her resignation.
* January 27 – Widespread unrest erupts in Israel following an Israeli military raid in Jenin which left nine Palestinians dead. Incendiary air balloons are launched into Israeli-populated areas following it. Israel responds with targeted airstrikes. Later the same day, seven Jewish civilians are murdered in a synagogue in Neve Yaakov in a terrorist attack.
* January 27–28 – The second round of the 2023 Czech presidential election is held, with Petr Pavel declared winner.
* January 30 – A Jamaat-ul-Ahrar suicide bombing inside a mosque in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, kills 84 people and injures over 220 others.

### February

* February 2 – The European Central Bank and Bank of England each raise their interest rates by 0.5 percentage points to combat inflation, one day after the US Federal Reserve raises its federal funds rate by 0.25 percentage points.
* February 3
	+ The US announces it is tracking alleged Chinese spy balloons over the Americas, with one drifting from Yukon to South Carolina before being shot down the next day, and a second hovering over Colombia and Brazil. This event is followed by subsequent detections and shootdowns of high-altitude objects elsewhere.
	+ A Norfolk Southern train carrying hazardous materials derails in East Palestine, Ohio. Multiple train cars burned for more than two days, followed by emergency crews conducting a controlled burn of several additional cars, releasing hydrogen chloride and phosgene into the atmosphere.
* February 5
	+ The 2023 Cypriot presidential election is held, with Nikos Christodoulides elected president.
	+ Cyclone Freddy forms in the Indian Ocean. It would become the longest lasting tropical cyclone in history and cause over 1,400 deaths and countless injuries and property damage across southeastern Africa.  File:Aerial View of the Hatay Province in Turkey (52699004990).jpg
* February 6 – 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake: A 7.8 (Template:M) earthquake strikes Gaziantep Province in southeastern Turkey. A 7.5 Template:M aftershock occurs on the same day in nearby Kahramanmaraş Province. Widespread damage and at least 50,000 deaths are caused in Turkey and Syria, with more than 122,000 injured.
* February 13 – The 2023 Bangladeshi presidential election scheduled for 19 February is held, with Shahabuddin Chuppu of the Awami League, the only nominated candidate, elected unopposed.
* February 20 – A magnitude 6.4 earthquake strikes southern Turkey and is also felt in Syria, Lebanon and Egypt.
* February 21 – Vladimir Putin announces that Russia is suspending its participation in New START, a nuclear arms reduction treaty with the US.
* February 25 – 2023 Nigerian general election: Bola Tinubu is elected as Nigeria's president, defeating former vice president Atiku Abubakar and Peter Obi.
* February 27 – The United Kingdom and the European Union reach an agreement surrounding modifications to the Northern Ireland Protocol.
* February 28 – A train crash in Thessaly, Greece, kills 57 people and injures dozens. The crash leads to nationwide protests and strikes against the condition of Greek railways and their mismanagement by the government.

### March

* March 2 – The National Assembly of Vietnam declares Võ Văn Thưởng as the country's new president after receiving 98.38% votes from the Vietnamese parliament.
* March 4
	+ UN member states agree on a legal framework for the High Seas Treaty, which aims to protect 30% of the world's oceans by 2030.
	+ Kivu conflict: Burundi deploys 100 troops to the Democratic Republic of the Congo to help fight insurgencies by militias, including M23.
* March 5 – The 2023 Estonian parliamentary election is held, with two centre-right liberal parties gaining an absolute majority for the first time.
* March 7 – Israeli warplanes strike Syria's Aleppo International Airport with air-to-surface missiles, damaging the runway and putting the airport out of service.Template:Importance inline
* March 8 – Allied Democratic Forces jihadist insurgents use machetes to kill about 40 people in the village of Mukondi, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.Template:Importance inline
* March 8–21 – 2023 World Baseball Classic is held and won by Japan.
* March 10
	+ 2023 People's Republic of China presidential election: The National People's Congress unanimously re-elects Xi Jinping as the President of the People's Republic of China to an unprecedented third term.
	+ Iran and Saudi Arabia agree to resume diplomatic relations which were severed in 2016 at talks meditated by China.
	+ Silicon Valley Bank, the 16th largest bank in the United States, fails, creating the largest bank failure since the 2008 financial crisis, affecting companies around the world.
	+ Kivu conflict: Angola announces that it will deploy troops to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, following the failure of a ceasefire between government forces and M23 rebels in North Kivu.
* March 14
	+ A Russian Su-27 fighter jet intercepts and destroys an American MQ-9 Reaper drone causing it to crash into the Black Sea.[*citation needed*]
	+ OpenAI launches GPT-4, a large language model for ChatGPT, which can respond to images and can process up to 25,000 words. File:Встреча с Уполномоченным по правам ребёнка Марией Львовой-Беловой 03.jpg
* March 17 – The International Criminal Court issues an arrest warrant for Russian president Vladimir Putin, the first against a leader of a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council.
* March 18 – A 6.8 earthquake strikes southern Ecuador killing 18 people, injuring nearly 500 and causing major damage.[*citation needed*]
* March 19 – Swiss investment bank UBS Group AG agrees to buy Credit Suisse for Template:CHF 3 billion ( This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of Agriculture.) in an all-stock deal brokered by the government of Switzerland and the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority. File:Zaporizhzhia after Russian shelling, 2023-03-22 (01).webp
* March 20 – The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) releases the synthesis report of its Sixth Assessment Report on climate change.
* March 21
	+ 21 people have been killed and more than 400 injured after a powerful earthquake shook large parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan.[*citation needed*]
	+ The Parliament of Uganda approves the Anti-Homosexuality Bill, 2023; pending presidential assent, homosexuality will be punishable by life imprisonment or death.[*citation needed*]
* March 23 – World Athletics, the global governing body for athletics, bans trans women who have gone through male puberty from competing in female events.
* March 26
	+ Honduras switches its formal diplomatic recognition of "China" from the Republic of China to the People's Republic of China.
	+ NATO condemns Russia's rhetoric as "dangerous" and "irresponsible" after Vladimir Putin's decision to station tactical nuclear weapons in Belarus.
	+ 2023 Israeli judicial reform protests: Large-scale spontaneous protests erupt across Israel in the wake of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu firing his defence minister who spoke against the government's judicial overhaul plan.
* March 29
	+ An ultramassive black hole over 30 billion times the size of the Sun is observed by researchers at Durham University. It is also the first ultramassive black hole to be measured using gravitational lensing.Template:Importance inline
	+ Brazil and China sign an agreement to trade in their own currencies, ceasing the usage of the United States dollar as an intermediary.
	+ Burkina Faso formally resumes diplomatic relations with North Korea after suspending them in 2017.
* March 30 – The International Court of Justice rules that the United States violated its Treaty of Amity with Iran when it allowed its domestic courts to freeze assets held by Iranian companies.

### April

* April 2
	+ The 2023 Bulgarian parliamentary election is held in an attempt to end the political gridlock as a result of the 2021–2023 Bulgarian political crisis.
	+ The 2023 Montenegrin presidential election is held, with Jakov Milatović of the Europe Now! movement winning in the second round, becoming the first president not from the DPS party since the introduction of a multi-party system in 1990.
	+ The 2023 Finnish parliamentary election is held, with the centre-right National Coalition led by Petteri Orpo receiving the most votes.
	+ The 2023 Andorran parliamentary election is held, with the ruling Democrats for Andorra led by Prime Minister Xavier Espot winning the majority of the seats.
	+ 2023 Saint Petersburg bombing: Russian pro-government war correspondent Vladlen Tatarsky is killed by a bombing at a café in Saint Petersburg owned by oligarch Yevgeny Prigozhin. Sixteen others are injured.Template:Importance inline  File:Flags of NATO and Finland after the Finland accession of the military alliance.jpg
* April 4 – Finland becomes the 31st member of NATO, doubling the alliance's border with Russia.
* April 5 – Clashes between Palestinians and the Israeli police happen at Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem.
* April 6 – Either Hezbollah or Hamas fire 34 rockets from South Lebanon at Israel as retaliation for the 2023 Al-Aqsa clashes.[*citation needed*]
* April 10 – Two document leaks from the Pentagon detailing foreign military aid relating to the Russian invasion of Ukraine are leaked onto the Internet.[*citation needed*]
* April 11 – Myanmar civil war: In the village of Pazigyi, at least 165 people are killed by the Myanmar Air Force during the opening celebrations of a People's Defence Force administration office.
* April 14
	+ Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) is launched by the European Space Agency (ESA) to search for life in the Jovian system, with an expected arrival date of 2031.
	+ India has surpassed China in population becoming the world's most populous country.
* April 15
	+ Nuclear power in Germany ends after 50 years, with the closure of the final power plants. File:Screengrab of refugee camp from Number of Refugees Who Fled Sudan for Chad Double in Week.jpg
	+ Fighting breaks out across Sudan between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces. The RSF captures Khartoum International Airport, and the presidential palace in Khartoum.
* April 19 – At least 90 people are killed and another 322 injured in a crowd crush during a Ramadan charity event in Sanaa, Yemen.
* April 20
	+ SpaceX's Starship rocket, the largest and most powerful rocket ever built, is launched during a flight test from a base in Boca Chica, Texas, United States. It explodes four minutes after launch.
	+ A hybrid solar eclipse is visible from Australia, East Timor, and Indonesia.
* April 21 – The Global Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans, representing a majority of the global Anglican population, reject the leadership of Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby as the head of global Anglicanism over his support for same-sex marriage.
* April 24 – The 2023 British Virgin Islands general election is held; with the ruling Virgin Islands Party remaining the largest party in the House of Assembly. Natalio Wheatley is elected as Premier of the British Virgin Islands.
* April 25 – A mass cult suicide is uncovered in Shakahola forest, Kenya. 110 followers are found in shallow graves throughout the forest. Over 300 people remain missing. It is believed Good News International Ministries leader Paul Nthenge Mackenzie instructed his followers to starve themselves to death in order to "meet God".
* April 26 – Chinese leader Xi Jinping called Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy, over a month after Xi's summit with Russia's president Vladimir Putin.
* April 29 – The 2023 Niuean general election is held; Dalton Tagelagi is re-elected as Premier of Niue.
* April 30
	+ The 2023 Paraguayan general election is held, with the Colorado Party candidate Santiago Peña being the president-elect of Paraguay, winning in a landslide.
	+ The second round of the 2023 French Polynesian legislative election is held; the Tāvini Huiraʻatira party wins a majority of seats. Moetai Brotherson, Tāvini Huiraʻatira's deputy leader, is elected President of French Polynesia.

### May

* May 1 – 2023 banking crisis: San Francisco-based First Republic Bank fails and is auctioned off by the US FDIC to JPMorgan Chase for $10.7 billion The collapse surpasses March's collapse of Silicon Valley Bank to become the second largest in US history.
* May 2 – The parliament of Uganda passes new anti-LGBTQ+ laws after president Yoweri Museveni requested reforms. The bill maintains the death penalty as a punishment for "aggravated homosexuality".[*citation needed*]Template:Importance inline
* May 3 – Nine people, including eight children, are killed in a school shooting in Belgrade, Serbia.[*citation needed*]
* May 4 – A series of floods and landslides strikes villages in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, resulting in over 400 deaths.
* May 5
	+ A penumbral lunar eclipse will be visible in the evening and the following morning in Africa, Asia and Australia, and will be the 24th lunar eclipse of Lunar Saros 141.
	+ The World Health Organization ends its declaration of COVID-19 being a global health emergency, but continues to refer to it as a pandemic. File:2023 Coronation Balcony.jpg
* May 6 – Coronation of Charles III and Camilla as King and Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms in Westminster Abbey, London
* May 7 – Syria is readmitted into the Arab League after being suspended since 2011.
* May 9 – Cyclone Mocha forms in the Indian Ocean, killing over 400 people and injuring over 700 as it strikes Myanmar and Bangladesh.
* May 9–13 – The Eurovision Song Contest 2023 is held in Liverpool, UK. Swedish contestant Loreen wins with the song "Tattoo".
* May 11 – The World Health Organization ends its declaration of mpox being a global health emergency.
* May 14
	+ The 2023 Thai general election is held, with pro-democratic parties such as the Move Forward and Pheu Thai parties gaining a majority of seats in the House of Representatives while pro-military parties such as Palang Pracharat lost seats.
	+ The 2023 Turkish parliamentary election is held, with the People's Alliance, led by AKP leader and incumbent president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, retaining the majority of seats in the Grand National Assembly. The presidential election will head to a runoff scheduled for 28 May.Template:Better cite
* May 19–21 – The 49th G7 summit takes place in Hiroshima, Japan. Ukrainian president Zelenskyy arrives in Japan on the second day of the summit.
* May 21
	+ The 2023 Greek legislative election is held where the ruling New Democracy won a plurality of seats in the Hellenic Parliament, but party leader and prime minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis indicates his desire to not form a coalition with other parties and will likely call a snap election in an effort to secure a majority of seats.
	+ The 2023 East Timorese parliamentary election is held; with the National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction and Fretilin parties receiving the most votes. Xanana Gusmão is elected Prime Minister of East Timor.
* May 22 – Two Anti-Russia groups entered Belgorod Oblast in Russia. The Russian Volunteer Corps and the Freedom of Russia Legion.
* May 24 – Canada and Saudi Arabia agree to restore full diplomatic relations after a breakdown in relations in 2018 over the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi.
* May 25
	+ A potent new antibiotic, abaucin, capable of killing *Acinetobacter baumannii* (one of three superbugs the World Health Organization has identified as a "critical threat" to humanity), is created using artificial intelligence.Template:Importance inline
	+ Elon Musk's Neuralink receives FDA approval to begin human trials.Template:Importance inline
* May 27 – The second round of the 2023 Mauritanian parliamentary election is held; with the ruling El Insaf Party receiving the most votes.
* May 28 – The second round of the 2023 Turkish presidential election is held. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan defeats Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu with 52.18% of the vote to win a third term as president.
* May 31
	+ The 2023 Latvian presidential election is held; Edgars Rinkēvičs is elected the President of Latvia.
	+ Sevilla win a record-extending seventh UEFA Europa League title after defeating A.S. Roma 4–1 on penalties following a 1–1 draw after extra time in the 2023 UEFA Europa League final at the Puskás Aréna in Budapest, Hungary.

### June

* June 1 - 2nd European Political Community Summit is hosting in Moldova.
* June 2 – A train collision in Odisha, India results in at least 288 deaths and 1,000 others injured.
* June 6
	+ The 2023 Guinea-Bissau legislative election is held; the coalition Inclusive Alliance Platform – Terra Ranka led by the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde, wins a majority of seats.
	+ The 2023 Kuwaiti general election is held; following the annulment of the results of the 2022 snap elections by the Constitutional Court. 38 members retained their seats from the annulled 2022 session, while two returned from the dissolved 2020 session. Ten new MPs were elected for the first time.
	+ Russian invasion of Ukraine: In a setback for Ukraine's counteroffensive, the Nova Kakhovka dam in Russian-controlled parts of Kherson is destroyed, threatening the region with devastating floodwaters.
* June 7 - West Ham United defeat ACF Fiorentina 2–1 at the Fortuna Arena in Prague, Czech Republic, to win the 2022–23 UEFA Europa Conference League and qualify for the group stage of the 2023–24 UEFA Europa League.

* June 10 - Manchester City won their first UEFA Champions League title with a 1-0 victory over Inter Milan in the final at the Atatürk Olympic Stadium in Istanbul, Turkey, Rodri scoring the winner.

* June 11 – Honduras opens its first embassy in Beijing, China, after breaking off relations with Taiwan in March.
* June 12 – Eritrea rejoins the Intergovernmental Authority on Development trade bloc after suspending its membership in 2007.

* June 13 – At least 106 people are killed when a wedding boat capsizes on the Niger River in Kwara State, Nigeria.

 File:1978- Antarctic sea ice extent - Purich and Doddridge.png
* June 14
	+ Scientists report the creation of the first synthetic human embryo from stem cells, without the need for sperm or egg cells.
	+ At least 59 people die and 100 more are rescued after a boat carrying migrants capsizes off the coast of the Peloponnese.
* June 16 – In Uganda, the jihadist group Allied Democratic Forces kill 42 people at a school in Mpondwe.
* June 18
	+ 2023 *Titan* submersible incident: An international rescue effort gets underway as a deep-sea submersible carrying five people goes missing near the wreck of the *Titanic*.Template:Importance inline
	+ Spain defeat Croatia 5–4 on penalties, after a 0–0 draw, in the final held at the De Kuip in Rotterdam, Netherlands, to win their first UEFA Nations League championship.
	+ the United States defeat Canada 2–0 in the final held at Allegiant Stadium in Paradise, Nevada, United States, to win their second CONCACAF Nations League championship. Christian Pulisic is named the tournament's "best player"
* June 19
	+ The United Nations General Assembly unanimously adopts the High Seas Treaty, the first treaty aimed towards marine conservation in international waters.
	+ Qatar and the United Arab Emirates announce that they will restore diplomatic relations after relations were suspended during the Qatar diplomatic crisis.

* June 20 – At least 46 people are killed after a riot between MS-13 and Barrio 18 gang members at a women's prison near Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
* June 21 – July 2 – The 3rd European Games are held in Krakow, Poland.
* June 21 – At least 35 people are killed after a migrant dinghy sinks off the coast of the Spanish Canary Islands in the Atlantic.
* June 23
	+ The June 2023 Greek legislative election is held; Kyriakos Mitsotakis becomes prime minister after his New Democratic party in wins a majority of seats in the Greek parliament.
	+ Russian invasion of Ukraine: The Wagner Group, led by Yevgeny Prigozhin, begins an armed conflict with the Russian military, seizing the city of Rostov-on-Don and portions of the Voronezh Oblast before withdrawing the next day, after a peace agreement brokered by Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko. File:June 2023 PMC Wagner Mutiny.svg
* June 23 – July 8 – 2023 Central American and Caribbean Games in San Salvador, El Salvador.
* June 24 – July 16 – 2023 CONCACAF Gold Cup in the United States and Canada and won the Tournament is Mexico.
* June 25
	+ 2023 Guatemalan general election
	+ June 2023 Greek legislative election
* June 28 – The 2023 Sierra Leonean general election is held; Julius Maada Bio of the Sierra Leone People's Party is re-elected president.
* June 30
	+ Tajikistani citizen Rustam Ashurov, affiliated with ISIS and wanted in Tajikistan for the kidnapping and murder of the deputy chairman of a bank in the capital Dushanbe, kills two people on the Chișinău International Airport after he was denied entry in the Republic of Moldova, after he arrived on a plane from Turkey.Template:Relevance inline
	+ The United Nations Security Council votes unanimously to end MINUSMA, its peacekeeping mission in Mali.

### July

* July 3
	+ Indian oil refiners start payments for Russian oil imports in Chinese yuan as an alternative to the US dollar due to increasing sanctions against Russia.
	+ In the largest incursion by Israel into the West Bank since the Second Intifada, the Israeli military deploys ground forces and armed drones into the Jenin camp, killing 13 and injuring more than 100. An attack claimed by Hamas as retaliation for the incursion, occurrs in Tel Aviv the following day, injuring nine.
* July 4 – Iran joins the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, becoming the organization's ninth member.
* July 8 – In the Netherlands, the governing coalition collapses and Prime Minister Mark Rutte announces his upcoming resignation.Template:Importance inline
* July 9
	+ The 2023 Uzbek presidential election is held; Shavkat Mirziyoyev is re-elected president of Uzbekistan.Template:Importance inline
	+ New Zealand signs a free trade agreement with the European Union, increasing bilateral trade.
* July 10
	+ China and the Solomon Islands sign a cooperation agreement between the People's Police and the Royal Solomon Islands Police Force in an upgrade of bilateral relations.
	+ The European Commission and the U.S. government sign a new data communication agreement aimed at resolving legal uncertainties that European and American companies face when transferring personal data.
* July 13 – Flooding and landslides in northern India leave at least 100 people dead.Template:Importance inline
* July 14 – SAG-AFTRA announces it will begin an ongoing strike against the major film and TV studios in protest of low compensation, ownership of work, and generative AI.
* July 15 – Flooding and landslides in the provinces of North Chungcheong and North Gyeongsang in South Korea leave at least 40 people dead.Template:Importance inline
* July 19 – Typhoon Doksuri forms in the eastern Pacific Ocean, going on to kill 123 people in southeast Asia.
* July 20–August 20 – The 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup is held in Australia and New Zealand. In the final, Spain win 1–0 against England.
* July 20 – Bolivia and Iran sign a memorandum of understanding, in an upgrade of bilateral relations, expanding cooperation in the security and defense sectors.
* July 23
	+ 2023 Greece wildfires: Tens of thousands of tourists flee Rhodes, Greece, amid wildfires and a major heatwave, in what officials say is the largest evacuation in the country's history.
	+ The 2023 Cambodian general election is held, with the dominant Cambodian People's Party retaining control of every seat in the National Assembly.
	+ The 2023 Spanish general election is held, with the People's Party becoming the largest party in the Congress of Deputies.
* July 26 – President Mohamed Bazoum of Niger is toppled in a coup d'état after members of his presidential guard and the armed forces seize control of the country and install General Abdourahamane Tchiani as leader of a military junta.
* July 30 – 63 people are killed and over 200 are injured after a suicide bombing occurs in Khar, Pakistan; the Islamic State – Khorasan Province claims responsibility for the attack.

### August

* August 1 – Global warming: The world's oceans reach a new record high temperature of 20.96 °C, exceeding the previous record in 2016. July is also confirmed as having been the hottest month on record for globally averaged surface air temperatures by a considerable margin (0.3 °C).
* August 8 – 2023 Hawaii wildfires: 17,000 acres of land are burned and at least 115 people are killed, with nearly 1,300 missing, when a series of wildfires break out on the island of Maui in Hawaii.
* August 9
	+ Taylor Swift completes the first U.S. leg of The Eras Tour at SoFi Stadium in Los Angeles, which has had a wide impact on the economy and culture.
	+ Ecuadorian politician and presidential candidate Fernando Villavicencio is assassinated by gunmen, at a campaign rally in Quito.
* August 14 – August 16 – The death toll from fighting in Tripoli between the 444 brigade and the RADA Special Deterrence Force increases to 55 people, with 146 more injured. The fight ended after the release of a commander.

 File:1994- Global average temperature during June-July-August.svg
* August 15 – 2023 Tenerife wildfire: More than 3,000 people have been evacuated from the Spanish Canary Island of Tenerife as wildfires continue to tear through it. The blaze has burned some 2,600 hectares (around 6,424 acres) so far.
* August 16 – August 21 – Hurricane Hilary, a Category 4 Pacific Hurricane, strikes the Baja California peninsula and later Southern California, the region's first in 84 years.
* August 17 – Johari Harun and 10 others are killed when their plane crashes into a road in Bandar Elmina, Shah Alam.
* August 18 – American–Japanese–Korean trilateral pact: The United States, Japan, and South Korea agree to sign a trilateral pact.
* August 20:
	+ 2023 Guatemalan presidential election: After two rounds of voting, Bernardo Arévalo of Semilla is elected with 58 percent of the vote.
	+ 2023 Ecuadorian general election
* August 21 – Saudi Arabia is accused of mass killing hundreds of African migrants attempting to cross its border with Yemen.
* August 23
	+ India's Chandrayaan-3 becomes the first spacecraft to land near the south pole of the Moon.
	+ Wagner Group leader Yevgeny Prigozhin and founder Dmitry Utkin are reportedly killed when his plane crashes outside of Moscow, killing nine others.
	+ 2023 Zimbabwean general election
* August 25 – September 10 – The 2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup in the Philippines, Japan, and Indonesia. Germany wins its first World Cup, beating Serbia 83–77 in the final. Dennis Schröder is named the tournament's Most Valuable Player.
* August 26 – August 31 – Hurricane Idalia hits northern Florida and the Southeastern United States, the worst to hit Florida's Big Bend in nearly 100 years.Template:Importance inline
* August 30 – In the hours following the announcement of incumbent president Ali Bongo Ondimba's reelection as President of Gabon after the 2023 presidential election, the military launches a successful coup d'état and creates the Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions to govern the country, ending the rule of the Bongo family after 56 years in power.
* August 31 – 2023 Johannesburg building fire: 77 people are killed and more then 85 are injured in a fire in a building that had been taken over by gangs who rented it out to squatters.

### September

 File:1940- September global average temperature changes.svg
* September 1 – 2023 Singaporean presidential election: Economist and former deputy prime minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam is elected president with a vote share of over 70 percent.
* September 2 – The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched Aditya-L1, India's first solar observation mission from Satish Dhawan space centre in Andhra Pradesh.
* September 8 – October 28 – The 2023 Rugby World Cup is held in France, and New Zealand (the All Blacks) will play South Africa in the final at the Stade de France.
* September 8 – 2023 Marrakesh-Safi earthquake: A 6.9 magnitude earthquake strikes Marrakesh-Safi province in western Morocco, killing at least 2,122 people and damaging historic buildings.
* September 9 – At the 18th G20 summit in New Delhi, the African Union is announced as the 21st permanent member of the G20.
* September 10 – Storm Daniel, a Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone makes landfall in Libya, killing at least 5,000 people, with Libyan authorities announcing between 10,000 and 100,000 missing. In the city of Derna in Libya, two dams collapsed, resulting in a quarter of the city being destroyed.
* September 12 – 2023 Hanoi building fire: 56 people are killed and more than 37 are injured in a fire in a mini building.
* September 14 – The European Central Bank (ECB) raises eurozone interest rates to an all-time high of 4%, amid ongoing inflationary pressures across the continent.
* September 15 – The United Auto Workers (UAW) begin a strike against the three largest American automakers, namely Ford, General Motors, and Stellantis.
* September 19 – Azerbaijan launches a military offensive against the Armenia-backed Republic of Artsakh.
* September 20 – Archaeologists in Zambia find the world's oldest wooden structure, dating back 476,000 years.
* September 21 – Rupert Murdoch announces his retirement and passes his businesses on to his son Lachlan. Murdoch led News Corp and Fox, and formerly Sky Group.
* September 23 – October 8 – 2022 Asian Games in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
* September 24
	+ 2023 Nigerien crisis: French President Emmanuel Macron announces that France will end its military presence in Niger and remove its ambassador and military from the country.
	+ OSIRIS-REx is expected to return with samples from the Asteroid Bennu of the Apollo group.
	+ Tens of thousands of Armenians flee Nagorno-Karabakh after the region falls to an Azerbaijani offensive.
* September 25 – An estimated 170 people are killed and over 300 are injured during a explosion at a gas station in Stepanakert, Nagorno-Karabakh.
* September 28 – President of Artsakh Samvel Shahramanyan signs a decree that will dissolve all state institutions of Artsakh by 1 January 2024, bringing an end to the breakaway state.
* September 30 – 2023 Slovak parliamentary election: Smer, under the leadership of former prime minister Robert Fico, wins a plurality of seats in the National Council, with the win drawing international commentary because of its perceived Russophilia.

### October

 File:October 2023 Gaza−Israel War.png
* October 3 – Elected on January 8, Kevin McCarthy is removed as Speaker of the United States House of Representatives for the first time in American history, with Mike Johnson being elected new Speaker on October 25.
* October 5 – November 19 – 2023 Cricket World Cup in India
* October 7
	+ Hamas launches Operation Al-Aqsa Flood, a large-scale attack from the Gaza Strip, infiltrating southern Israel, prompting a full military response from the Israel Defense Forces. Israel launches numerous air strikes on Lebanon and Syria, after rockets are fired by Hezbollah and attempts are made to penetrate Israel. Israel's Security Cabinet formally declares war for the first time since the Yom Kippur War in 1973.
	+ A series of earthquakes occur in Herat Province in Afghanistan, killing over 1,000 people and injuring nearly 2,000, with tremors felt in Iran and Turkmenistan. The earthquakes are the deadliest in the country since 1998.
* October 8
	+ Israel's Security Cabinet formally declares war for the first time since the Yom Kippur War in 1973.
	+ 2023 Luxembourg general election
* October 11 – ExxonMobil announces it will acquire Pioneer Natural Resources for $65 billion USD, the first of two major energy industry acquisitions of the month. The second occurs less than two weeks later on October 23, where Hess announces it will be acquired by Chevron for $50 billion.
* October 13 – After British regulators' approval, Microsoft closes its $68.7 billion USD acquisition of Activision Blizzard.
* October 14
	+ 2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum: A majority of Australians vote against establishing an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice in the constitution.
	+ 2023 New Zealand general election: The National Party wins a plurality of seats under leader Christopher Luxon, while the Labour Party suffers the worst result for an incumbent ruling party in modern New Zealand history.
	+ An annular solar eclipse will be visible in the Western U.S., Central America, Colombia and Brazil, and will be the 44th solar eclipse of Solar Saros 134.

* October 15
	+ In the second round of the 2023 Ecuadorian general election, Daniel Noboa of the National Democratic Action is elected as the youngest-ever President of Ecuador.
	+ 2023 Polish parliamentary election
* October 17 – An explosion occurs at the Al-Ahli Arab Hospital. At the time of the explosion, displaced Palestinians were taking refuge at the hospital, resulting in a number of fatalities and injuries.
* October 20 – November 5 – 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago, Chile.
* October 20 – The inaugural season of the African Football League, the third tier of African club football, kicks off with Tanzanian club Simba S.C. 1–1 draw between Egyptian club Al Ahly SC.
* October 22
	+ 2023 Argentine general election
	+ 2023 Swiss federal election: The Swiss People's Party retains its majority in the National Council.
* October 25 – Hurricane Otis, an eastern Pacific tropical cyclone, makes landfall in Mexico near Acapulco, leaving at least 48 dead. It is the most powerful hurricane to make landfall in Mexico, with the highest winds reaching 165 mph, surpassing Hurricane Patricia's landfall in 2015.
* October 28 – A partial lunar eclipse will be visible in the evening and the next morning over Europe and most of Africa and Asia, and will be the 11th lunar eclipse of Lunar Saros 146.

### November

* November 1 – The first AI Safety Summit takes place in the United Kingdom, with 28 countries signing a "world first agreement" on how to manage the riskiest forms of artificial intelligence.
* November 2 – The Beatles release "Now and Then", the band's last ever song, featuring restored vocals by John Lennon (1940–1980), as well as guitar tracks by George Harrison (1943–2001).
* November 6 – 2023 Israel–Hamas war: The death toll in Gaza is reported to have passed 10,000. Speaking with Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu, U.S. President Joe Biden calls for a "humanitarian pause" in the fighting to increase the flow of aid to civilians.
* November 7 – The Portuguese Prime Minister António Costa resigns from his role.
* November 9 – U.S. surgeons at NYU Langone Health announce the success of the world's first whole eye transplant.
* November 14 - November 17 – Chinese president Xi Jinping visits the United States for the first time since 2017 to hold a key summit with U.S. President Joe Biden. Both China and the U.S. agreed to reopen the suspended military communications and to cooperate against the increasing climate crisis.
* November 17 – The global average temperature temporarily exceeds 2°C above the pre-industrial average for the first time in recorded history.
* November 19
	+ Australia defeats India and wins the 2023 Cricket World Cup.  File:Milei og Villarruel, indtrædelsesceremoni.jpg
	+ Javier Milei wins the 2023 Argentine presidential election, assuming office on 10 December.
* November 22
	+ Israel and Hamas agree to a four-day ceasefire, the first pause in fighting since 7 October, during which many Israeli hostages will be released, in exchange for Palestinian prisoners.
	+ North Korea claims to have put its first spy satellite "Malligyong-1" into orbit.
	+ 2023 Dutch general election: Far-right Geert Wilders' Party for Freedom (PVV) wins the most seats.

* November 26 – Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2023 is held in Nice, France. France wins the competition with the song “Coeur” (Heart), performed by Zoé Clauzure.Template:Importance inline
* November 30 – Brazil announces it will join OPEC+ at a meeting of the organization to discuss oil output strategy in 2024. Brazil is the largest oil producer in South America, producing 4.6 million barrels per day of oil and gas.

### December

* December 3 – 2023 Guyana–Venezuela crisis: Venezuela votes in a symbolic referendum on whether voters agreed with creating a subdivision in the disputed territory of Guayana Esequiba currently under the control of neighboring Guyana. Analysts say the referendum's practical implications are likely to be minimal.
* December 6 – Google DeepMind releases the Gemini Language Model. Gemini will act as a foundational model integrated into Google's existing tools, including search and Bard.
* December 10–12 – 2023 Egyptian presidential election.
* December 12 – At the COP28 climate summit in Dubai, a consensus is reached for countries to "transition away" from fossil fuels, the first such agreement in the conference's 30-year history.
* December 12–22 – The 2023 FIFA Club World Cup is held in Saudi Arabia. In the final, Manchester City win 4-0 against Fluminense.
* December 14 – The 8th Asia Artist Awards held in Bulacan, Philippines.

 File:Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah December 2023 (cropped).jpg
* December 16 – Emir of Kuwait Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah dies at the age of 86 and is succeeded by his half-brother Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah.
* December 17 – The 2023 Serbian parliamentary election is held with the SNS coalition led by Miloš Vučević winning 128 of 250 seats in the Serbian National Assembly.
* December 18
	+ In the Red Sea, one of the world's most important routes for cargo and fuel shipments, a deteriorating security situation is reported due to attacks on vessels by Houthi rebels. A number of shipping companies announce a temporary suspension of their operations, including oil giant BP.
	+ At least 131 people are killed and 16 reported missing in an earthquake in northwest China.

* December 20 – 2023 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election: Provisional results showed incumbent President Felix Tshisekedi with a sizable lead over his rivals.
* December 21
	+ The European Court of Justice rules that threats by FIFA and UEFA to sanction football clubs that wish to join the European Super League are unlawful.
	+ 15 people including the perpetrator are killed with another 25 injured in a mass shooting at the Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, making it the worst mass shooting in the Czech Republic’s history.
* December 22 – 2023 Israel–Hamas war: The death toll in Gaza is reported to have passed 20,000, almost 1 percent of its population and surpassing the casualties in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
* December 29 – Russian invasion of Ukraine: Russia launches the largest wave of drones and missiles on Ukrainian cities since the start of the war in a overnight assault, killing at least 39 people and injuring at least 160 others. Ukraine launches a drone assault the following day, killing at least 21 people, including three children, and injuring 110 others, including 17 children.
* December 31 – Queen Margrethe II of Denmark announces her abdication effective from 14 January 2024, after 52 years on the throne.

## Demographics

The world population on 1 January 2023 was estimated at 7.943 billion people, and is expected to increase to 8.119 billion on 1 January 2024. An estimated 134.3 million births and 60.8 millions deaths are expected to take place in 2023. The average global life expectancy is 73.16 years, an increase of 0.18 years from 2022. The rate of child mortality is by the end of the year expected to have decreased from 2022. Less than 23% of people were living in extreme poverty (on or below the international poverty line), a decrease from 2022. 117.2 million people are expected to be forcibly displaced or stateless in 2023. In April, India surpassed China as the most populated country in the world

## Nobel Prizes

Nobel medal
* Chemistry – Moungi Bawendi, Louis E. Brus & Alexey Ekimov, for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots.
* Economics – Claudia Goldin, for her research into female income and employment.
* Literature – Jon Fosse, for his innovative plays, prose and style, which has come to be known as Fosse minimalism
* Peace – Narges Mohammadi, for her works on the promotion of feminism.
* Physics – Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz & Anne L'Huillier, for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter.
* Physiology or Medicine – Katalin Karikó & Drew Weissman, for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19.

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314. ↑ "Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz, Anne L'Huillier win Nobel Prize for physics". *Al Jazeera*. Archived from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
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