President of the UISR

The **President of the Union of Israeli Socialist Republics** is the head of state of Israel. The position has, until recently, been largely a ceremonial figurehead role, with executive power vested in the Government and the Prime Minister, but since 2019 has saw much more power given to it. Presidents used to be elected by the Knesset for a single seven-year term, but are now elected by the People for a Six-Month Term. The President also Appoints the State Comptroller, right after the President Gets Elected, but with Approval by the Knesset.

### Since

6 February 2021 (Interim), 17 February 2021 (Officially)

## **Election**

The President of Israel is elected by an absolute majority, by the Public. If no candidate receives an absolute majority of votes in the first round of voting, a second round, in which only the two most-voted candidates in the first round may participate, is held; the top vote-getter in the second round is the winner. From 1949 to 2000, the president was elected for a five-year term, and was allowed to serve up to two terms in office. From 2000 to 2020, the president served a single seven-year term. Since 2020, the President serves a Six-Month Term.

Any Israeli resident citizen is eligible to run for president. The office falls vacant upon completion of a term, death, resignation, or the decision of three-quarters of the Knesset to remove the president on grounds of misconduct or incapacity. Presidential tenure is not keyed to that of the Knesset, in order to assure continuity in government and the non-partisan character of the office. There is no vice president in the Israeli governmental system. If the president is temporarily incapacitated, or leaves office, the speaker of the Knesset becomes acting president, unless someone else may be appointed as Acting or Interim President.

## **Powers and responsibilities**

The powers of the President of Israel were generally equivalent to those held by heads of state in other parliamentary democracies and were largely dictated by Basic Law: The Presidency, which was passed in 1964. The Basic Law: The Government also includes sections on the powers of the president with reference to the government. The president signs every law (except those that pertain to the president's powers) and international or bilateral treaties approved by the Knesset. In addition, the president endorses the credentials of ambassadors and receives the credentials of foreign diplomats, appoints the Governor of the Bank of Israel, the State Comptroller upon their Election, members of the Council on Higher Education, the National Academy of Science, the Broadcasting Authority, the Authority to Rehabilitate Prisoners, the Chief Rabbinical Council, the Wolf Foundation, the president of Magen David Adom, the president of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, and ceremonially appoints the Prime Minister. The president also has the power to pardon or commute the sentences of both soldiers and civilians, and ceremonially appoints judges to courts, including the Supreme Court, after appointment by the Judicial Selection Committee. Recently, the President got the Power to sometimes Act and do more stuff, with Aprroval of the Knesset.

In addition, paragraph 29a of *The Government* basic law also states that the president must consent to the dissolution of the Knesset at the request of the Prime Minister when the government has lost its majority and can therefore no longer function effectively.

The president's most important role, in practice, is to help lead the process of forming a government. Israel's electoral system and fractured political landscape make it all but impossible for one party to govern alone, let alone win an outright majority of Knesset seats. After each election, the president consults with party leaders to determine who is most likely to command a majority in the Knesset.

### Other roles

The president awards the Israel Prize on Yom Ha'atzmaut (Independence Day) and the Wolf Prize. The president also serves as the main speaker at the opening ceremonies of the half-yearly Knesset conference, as well as at the annual official ceremonies for Yom Hazikaron (Rememberance Day) and Yom HaShoah (Holocaust Rememberance Day).

## **Presidential backgrounds**

Most Israeli presidents were involved in national politics or Zionist activities before taking office. Some were also distinguished in other fields. For example, Chaim Weizmann was a leading research chemist who founded the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot; Zalman Shazar was an author, poet, and journalist; and Chaim Herzog was a military leader, attorney, and diplomat.

The first Israeli presidents were born in the former Russian Empire, which was true of much of the leadership in the early days of the state. The first native-born president, as well as the first with a Sephardi background, was Yitzhak Navon. The first president with a Western European background was Chaim Herzog, who originally came from Belfast, United Kingdom. The first president with a Mizrahi background was Moshe Katsav, who was born in Iran.

Ever Since 2016, The Presidency has allowed some very Young People to become President, like Michael Prep.

The First Non-Jewish President to be Elected is Erika, in the August 2020 Presidential Elections.

## **Political affiliation**

All Israeli presidents from Yitzhak Ben-Zvi to Ezer Weizman were members of, or associated with, the Labor Party and its predecessors, and have been considered politically moderate. Moshe Katsav was the first Likud president. These tendencies were especially significant in the April 1978 election of Labor's Yitzhak Navon, following the inability of the governing Likud coalition to elect its candidate to the presidency. Israeli observers believed that, in counterbalance to Prime Minister Menachem Begin's polarizing leadership, Navon, the country's first president of Sephardi origin, provided Israel with unifying symbolic leadership at a time of great political controversy and upheaval. In 1983, Navon decided to re-enter Labor politics after five years of non-partisan service as president, and Chaim Herzog (previously head of military intelligence and Ambassador of Israel to the United Nations) succeeded him as Israel's sixth president. Likud's Moshe Katsav's victory over Labor's Shimon Peres in 2000 (by secret ballot) was an upset.

Albert Einstein, a Jew, but not an Israeli citizen, was offered the presidency in 1952, but turned it down, stating: "I am deeply moved by the offer from our State of Israel, and at once saddened and ashamed that I cannot accept it. All my life I have dealt with objective matters, hence I lack both the natural aptitude and the experience to deal properly with people and to exercise official functions." Ehud Olmert was reported to be considering offering the presidency to another non-Israeli, Elie Wiesel, but he was said to be "very not interested".

In 2020, According to the Constitution, the President had to either leave their Party, or be part of the Michaelist Party. This was Removed as the IMP Lost it's Special Status in IMP Resolution 200. This Means that, While Officially Presidents will be "Independent" Poltically, they would be able to Support the Opinions of which ever Party they want.

## **List of Presidents of Israel**

Chairmen of the Provisional State Council (1948–1949)
 2
1949