recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Themis

**Not to be confused with the sea nymph, Thetis.**

**Themis** is the Goddess of divine law, order and justice. During Demeter and Persephone's trial on Mount Olympus, she was on maternity leave and as such, was unable to attend the trial.

She is first mentioned by Demeter and Zeus in Episode 175.

## Appearance

Themis is shown to be a teal skinned woman with hair long enough to be pulled up in a bun. So far, she has only been depicted wearing pyjamas.

## Relationships

*She most likely has a husband or a partner of some sort.and her unborn child at the time of her first appearance*

## Trivia

* In Greek Mythology, she is typically depicted wearing a blindfold to represent impartiality.
	+ She is also the daughter of Ouranos and Gaia and the Mother of the Fates.
Austroboletus rarus

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***Austroboletus rarus*** is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Found in Singapore and Australia, it was described as new to science by E.J.H. Corner in 1972, who called it *Boletus rarus*. Corner found the type collection growing on a forest floor in Bukit Timah in December 1940. He suggested that it might be a variety of *Boletus rubiicolor* (now *Austroboletus rubiicolor*). Egon Horak transferred it to the genus *Austroboletus* in 1980.

## Description

The convex cap is dry and measures up to Template:Convert. The surface is somewhat tomentose, but especially so near the cap center. The pale pink pores on the underside of the cap angular and about 0.5 mm in diameter, while the tubes are up to Template:Convert. The slender stipe measures Template:Convert long and 2–3 mm thick. The flesh is thick and white, measuring 2–2.5 mm thick. There is white mycelium at the base of the stipe. Its spores measure 16–21 by 8–10 µm.

The Japanese species *Porphyrellus fusisporus* is similar in appearance but can be distinguished by its shorter, warted spores that measure 13.5–18.5 µm.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Corner 1972`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Horak 1980`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Auriscalpium luteolum

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***Auriscalpium luteolum*** is a species of fungus in the family Auriscalpiaceae of the Russulales order. First described as *Hydnum luteolum* by Elias Magnus Fries in 1874, it was transferred to the genus *Auriscalpium* by Petter Karsten in 1879.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Fries 1874`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Karsten 1879`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Buellia spuria

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***Buellia spuria*** (**disc lichen**) is a white to light ashy gray crustose areolate lichen that grows on rocks (epilithic) in montane habitats. It has a black edge from the conspicuous, more or less continuous prothallus, which can also be seen in the cracks between the areolas forming a hypothallus, and in sharp contrast with the whitish or ashy colored areolas. It prefers mafic (siliceous) rock substrates. In Joshua Tree National Park is can be seen on vertical granite and gneiss faces in washes. It is common worldwide in the Northern Hemisphere. It is very common in the Sonoran Desert from southern California to Arizona, Baja California, and Sonora, Chihuahua, and Sinaloa, Mexico.

It is similar in appearance to *Buellia stellulata*, but has a different secondary chemistry, and *B. spuria* is common throughout the Sonoran Desert region, while *B. stellulata* is restricted to coastal regions.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bugartz, F., (eds.) 2001. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 3, [1]
2. ↑ Photo Gallery, Joshua Tree Lichens, Joshua Tree National Park website, National Park Service, [2]

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Artomyces pyxidatus

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***Artomyces pyxidatus*** is a coral fungus that is commonly called **crown coral** or **crown-tipped coral fungus**. Its most characteristic feature is the crown-like shape of the tips of its branches. The epithet *pyxidatus* means "box-like"—a reference to this shape.

*Artomyces pyxidatus* can be observed throughout Northern Canada during the growing season. In Britain, it was recorded in 2011, almost 116 years after its previous reliable report, a collection made by mycologist Carleton Reale on 20 October 1886. It is widespread but uncommon in Western Europe. The fungus produces its hard, coral-like fruiting bodies on growing wood. Basidia and basidiospores are produced on the surfaces of the branches. These fungi are considered edible when raw, although some people may experience gastrointestinal upset, especially after eating a large quantity. The raw fruiting bodies have a peppery taste that usually disappears when cooked.

The sesquiterpenes compounds pyxidatols A-C, tsuicoline E and omphadiol have been obtained from the liquid culture of this fungus.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Henrici 2012`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Zheng 2008`

## External links

* Template:Commons category-inline
* *Clavicorona pyxidata* at Tom Volk's Fungi

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Clitocybe subcordispora

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***Clitocybe subcordispora*** is a rare species of agaric fungus in the family Tricholomataceae. Found in northern Europe, it was described as new to science in 1969 by Finnish mycologist Harri Harmaja. It is similar to species in the *Clitocybe metachroa* complex, but can be distinguished from them by its smaller spores, which measure 4.5–6.0 by 3.0–4.0 µm.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Harmaja 1969`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Bas 1995`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Chalciporus amarellus

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***Chalciporus amarellus*** is a bolete fungus of the family Boletaceae. It was first described in 1883 by French mycologist Lucien Quélet as *Boletus amarellus*, and later given its current name by Frédéric Bataille in 1908.

Genetically it is closely related to *Chalciporus rubinellus*.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Quélet 1908`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Bataille 1908`
3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Zhang 2015`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Agaricus moelleri

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***Agaricus moelleri***, also known as the **inky mushroom**, or **dark scaled mushroom**, is a large mushroom of the genus *Agaricus*. Most of the genus are excellent edibles, only a few are not, and this is one of the species that can leave some people with somewhat severe gastro-intestinal upsets. It appears occasionally in most kinds of woodland, during late summer, in northern temperate zones.

## Taxonomy

For many years ***Agaricus moelleri*** was erroneously accredited with the binomial *Agaricus placomyces* by some British authors. The epithet *placomyces* was in fact given to a North American species of *Agaricus* by Charles Horton Peck in 1878 (now known as *Agaricus praeclaresquamosus* A.E.Freeman 1979).[1] The current binomial *Agaricus moelleri* was published in 1976 by the Ukrainian mycologist Solomon P. Wasser.

## Description

The cap has a greyish-brown patch in the centre and cold grey-brown scaling on the surrounding off-white background. It is Template:Convert in diameter, and yellows when bruised. It is ovate when young, flattening later. The stem has a drooping ring, and stains yellow very easily when bruised, this colour then changes to brown over time. The stem flesh bruises yellow only faintly, and is more noticeable in the base. The gills are crowded, and free, as is typical for an *Agaricus*. They are pink on young specimens, but brown to black on older fruit bodies. The flesh is white and does not change colour on cutting. It is noted by some authors as smelling like ink, iodoform, sweat, or mouldy straw. The spores are 4–6 x 3–4 µm, and are elliptical.

A similar species occurring in North America, *Agaricus praeclaresquamosus* A.E. Freeman 1979, has several variants, some of which are larger.

The rare *Agaricus phaeolepidotus* also has the iodoform, or ink smell, but has browner cap scales, and stains yellow less readily.

## Distribution and habitat

*Agaricus moelleri* is found in the temperate zones of the northern hemisphere. North America, Britain, and Europe, growing in mixed forests and woods. It is widespread, but can be locally rare, and favors rich alkaline woodland, or parkland.

## Edibility

In the same fashion as **the yellow stainer** (*Agaricus xanthodermus*), *Agaricus moelleri* can produce nasty gastro intestinal symptoms for some people but not others, when ingested. It may be best to presume they are poisonous overall.

## See also

Template:Portal

* List of *Agaricus* species

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Template:Cite book
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Template:Cite book
3. ↑ Template:Cite journal
4. ↑ Template:Cite book

## External links

* English Country Garden

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Cercospora minima

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***Cercospora minima*** is a fungal plant pathogen. In the European pear, it is the cause of the disease known as late leaf spot. The geographic distribution includes India, South America, and the south-eastern United States.

## External links

* Index Fungorum
* USDA ARS Fungal Database

## References

1. ↑ Spotts, Robert A.. Diseases of Pear (Pyrus communis L.). *Common Names of Plant Diseases*. APSnet. Archived from the original on June 11, 2007. Retrieved on September 28, 2007.
2. ↑ Farr,, D.F.. Fungal Databases. Systematic Botany & Mycology Laboratory, ARS, USDA.. Retrieved on September 28, 2007.

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Astraeus sirindhorniae

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***Astraeus sirindhorniae*** is a species of false earthstar in the family Diplocystaceae. *A. sirindhorniae* can be distinguished from close relatives *A. odoratus*, *A. asiaticus* and *A. hygrometricus* by differences in fruit body size, spore size, spore ornamentation, and peridium structure. The fungus was discovered in Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary in northeastern Thailand, as part of a project to document the biodiversity of mycorrhizal fungi. The specific epithet *sirindhorniae* honors Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn on the occasion the 84th birthday of her father, King Bhumibol Adulyadej. Known only from north and northeastern Thailand, *A. sirindhorniae* is suspected to be ectomycorrhizal with members of the Dipterocarpaceae, although this has not yet been proven.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Phosri 2014`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Ahmadiago

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***Ahmadiago*** is a fungal genus in the family Ustilaginaceae. It was circumscribed in 2004 to contain the smut fungus formerly known as *Ustilago euphorbiae*, found in India. The generic name honours Indian botanist and mycologist Sultan Ahmad.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Vánky 2004`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Aureoboletus gentilis

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***Aureoboletus gentilis*** is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Originally described as *Boletus sanguineus* var. *gentilis* by French mycologist Lucien Quélet in 1884, it was transferred to the genus *Aureoboletus* by Zdeněk Pouzar in 1957. It is considered vulnerable in the Czech Republic.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Pouzar 1957`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Mikšik 2012`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

Template:Taxonbar

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Amandinea maritima

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***Amandinea maritima*** is a species of lichen in the family Caliciaceae. Found in Europe, it was described as new to science in 2011.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Lumbsch 2011`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Basidiopycnis

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***Basidiopycnis*** is a fungal genus in the family Phleogenaceae. The genus is monotypic, containing the single species ***Basidiopycnis hyalina***, found in Germany.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Kirk 2008`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Oberwinkler 2006`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Template:Basidiomycota-stub
Albatrellus piceiphilus

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***Albatrellus piceiphilus*** is a species of fungus in the family Albatrellaceae. Found in *Picea crassifolia* forest in Gansu Province, China, it was described as new to science in 2008. Molecular analysis shows that it groups in a "Russuloid" clade with *Albatrellus citrinus* and *A. ovinus*.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Cui 2008`

## External links

* Template:Index Fungorum

Template:Taxonbar

Template:Russulales-stub
Cladonia mongkolsukii

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***Cladonia mongkolsukii*** is a species of lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. Found in lower-elevation montane scrub forests of Thailand, it was described as new to science in 2011. The specific epithet honors Pachara Mongolsuk, a Thai lichenologist.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Lumbsch 2011`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Amanita excelsa var. spissa

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***Amanita excelsa* var. *spissa*** is a variety of basidiomycete fungus of the genus *Amanita*. This large, grey to brown-capped fungus has a very variable appearance but is commonly encountered in coniferous and deciduous forests in Europe and North America. It is sometimes referred to by the common name **grey spotted Amanita**.

## Description

The cap is around 10 cm in diameter when fully expanded, and is various shades of brown or brown/grey, sometimes washing off to buff. Younger specimens have grey veil remnants often in quite large; flat patches, but these are usually removed later by the weather. The mature stem is usually fairly long, and has a bulbous base which is without a discernible volva, having just several flaky ring zones instead. It is marked above the ring with vertical lines. The ring is large and white, and also has lines. The gills are crowded; white, and have a slight decurrent tooth. The **flesh** is white; smells of radish, and turns purple when H2SO4 is applied.

### Similar species

* *Amanita excelsa* var. *excelsa* is the less common, and more slender true form, which is said to lack the 'radish' odour.
* *Amanita rubescens* (The Blusher), which can be reduced to much the same colour by weather.
* *Amanita pantherina* (The Panther Cap), which is poisonous; has white veil remnants; a definite rim around the base of the stem, and looks like a brown *Amanita muscaria* (Fly Agaric)

## Distribution and habitat

*Amanita excelsa* var. *spissa* occurs in Britain, Europe, and eastern North America in summer, and autumn. Growing with both broad leaved and coniferous trees.
*A. excelsa* var. *spissa* is considered by some authors to be the more common variety of *Amanita excelsa*.

## Edibility

Pronounced edible by some,Template:Citation needed but probably best avoided in case of confusion with *A. pantherina*.

## See also

Template:Portal

* List of *Amanita* species

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Template:Cite book

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Astraeus odoratus

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***Astraeus odoratus*** (Template:Lang-th; *Het pho nang*, *Het pho*, or *Het nang*, the latter meaning "skin mushroom") is a species of false earthstar in the family Diplocystaceae. Described as a new species in 2004, it was originally found in the Thai highlands growing in sandy or laterite-rich soil in dry lowland dipterocarp forests. The species is found in Southeast Asia.

## Description

Fruit bodies begin as brownish spheres or flattened spheres, partially submerged in the earth. The outer tissue layer, the exoperidium, splits open in a star-like fashion into 3–9 rays. The rays are hygroscopic, spreading out when moist and curling inward when dry. The fully expanded fruit body measures up to Template:Convert in diameter. Fresh fruit bodies have an odor similar to moist soil.

The spores are spherical, covered with spines, and measure 7.5–15.2 µm. The ornamentation of the spines on the surface is less dense than that of the similar *Astraeus hygrometricus*.

## Habitat and distribution

 File:Forest fire mae hong son province 01.jpg
*Astraeus odoratus* it is found in the dry lowland dipterocarp forests of Thailand. The fungus fruits during the rainy season in May and June, in sandy or laterite-rich soil. It is associated with Alder, Chestnut, *Eucalyptus* and Douglas-fir.

In Thailand, it is commonly believed that forest fires stimulate the growth of mushrooms, including *A. odoratus*, and fires are set intentionally to increase the yield of fruit bodies. Although the mushrooms may be easier to find and collect on the litter-free ground of burnt forest, there is no evidence that burning increases yield, while it does decrease the biodiversity and yield of other edible mushroom-producing fungi.
Template:Clear

## Uses

Since they cannot be cultivated commercially, these mushrooms fetch a high price on the market.

Young fruit bodies are collected from the wild and sold in the markets of Thailand. Thai people eat the blanched mushroom blanched with *nam phrik* (Thai chilli pastes) or *nam chim* (dipping sauces), or cooked in curry and also only boiled in water with fish sauce and palm sugar".

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Phosri2004`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Phosri2007`
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Sysouphanthong2010`
4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Petcharat2003`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Acarospora fuscata

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***Acarospora fuscata*** ("**brown cobblestone lichen**") is a glossy pale or yellowish-brown areolate lichen with angular areolas that grows up to Template:Convert wide on non-calcareous rock in low and high elevations.Template:Rp It grows in Europe and North America. It grows in southern California and on the eastern part of the Sierra Nevada range.Template:Rp It may grow with the areolas disconnected.Template:Rp The areolas may lift at the edges, but the areolas do not overlap like true squamules (sub-squamulose).Template:Rp More common in the Sierras is the similar species *Acarospora thamnina*, which is truly squamulose with overlapping scales.Template:Rp

 File:Acarospora fuscata (EU1).jpg
It usually has 0-1 apothecium per areole, which may be point-like (punctiform) or fill the entire areole with a disc that is rough surfaced and reddish brown. The asci are club shaped (clavate), with over 100 spores. Lichen spot tests are K-, C+ vaguely pink, KC+ red, and P-.Template:Rp Secondary metabolites include gyrophoric acid.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, Template:ISBN
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 3., Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bugartz, F., (eds.) 2001, [1]

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Clitocybe ruderalis

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***Clitocybe ruderalis*** is a species of agaric fungus in the family Tricholomataceae. Found in northern Europe, it was described as new to science in 1969 by Finnish mycologist Harri Harmaja.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Harmaja 1969`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

Template:Taxonbar

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Armillaria socialis

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***Armillaria socialis*** is a species of fungus in the Physalacriaceae family. It is a plant pathogen. Originally described by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1815, it was transferred to *Armillaria* by Victor Fayod in 1889. It is found in Asia, Europe, and North America.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Fayod1889`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Pegler2000`

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Albatrellus tianschanicus

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***Albatrellus tianschanicus*** is a species of fungus in the family Albatrellaceae. It was originally described as *Scutiger tianschanicus* by Appollinaris Semenovich Bondartsev in 1960, and later transferred to the genus *Albatrellus* by Zdeněk Pouzar in 1960. *Albatrellus henanensis*, described in 1991, is a synonym.

## See also

Fuller comparative discussion at Albatrellus subrubescens

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Pouzar 1960`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Zhao 1991`
3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `MycoBank: Albatrellus tianschanicus`

## External links

* Template:Index Fungorum

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Caloplaca decipioides

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***Caloplaca decipioides*** is a species of lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. Found in Gangwon Province, South Korea, it was described as new to science in 2011. The specific epithet *decipioides* refers to its similarity with *Caloplaca decipiens.*

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Lumbsch 2011`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

Template:Taxonbar

Template:Lecanoromycetes-stub
Cerrena zonata

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***Cerrena zonata*** is a species of poroid fungus in the genus *Cerrena* (Family: Polyporaceae).

## Taxonomy

The fungus was first described scientifically by Miles Joseph Berkeley in 1854 as *Irpex zonatus*. In 1992, Leif Ryvarden moved it to *Antrodia*, a wastebasket taxon containing morphologically similar species. It was transferred to the genus *Cerrena* in 2014.

## Habitat and distribution

*Cerrena zonata* is a white rot fungus that grows on dead hardwoods. In Asia, it has been recorded from India to Thailand, Vietnam, China, Far East Russia, and Japan. It is also in New Zealand, Australia, and Argentina.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Berkeley 1854`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Ryvarden 1992`
3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Yuan 2014`
4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Núñez 2001`

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Aureoboletus longicollis

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***Aureoboletus longicollis*** is a species of fungus in the family Boletaceae. First described under the name *Boletus longicollis* in 1879, it was transferred to the genus *Boletellus* in 1981 before being transferred to *Aureoboletus* in 2015.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Cesati 1879`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Pegler 1981`
3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Zeng 2015`

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Amanita fuliginea

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***Amanita fuliginea***, commonly known as the **east Asian brown death cap**, is a species of deadly poisonous mushroom in the family Amanitaceae. It was described as new to science by Japanese mycologist Tsuguo Hongo in 1953. Fruit bodies have convex, dark gray to blackish caps measuring Template:Convert in diameter. The gills, largely free from attachment to the stipe, are white and have short gills (lamellulae) interspersed. The spores are roughly spherical, amyloid, and typically measure 8–11 by 7–9.5 µm. The mushroom is common in China, where it has caused poisonings, a review of cases in southern China finding it had been responsible for the poisoning of 352 people, 79 of which died, between 1994 and 2012.

Several toxic peptides have been identified from the mushroom: α-amanitin, β-amanitin, amaninamide, phallacin, phallacidin, phallisacin, desoxoviroidin, and an additional unidentified phallotoxin. *A. fuliginea* is classified in *Amanita* section *Phalloideae*, which contains several deadly toxic species.

## See also

* List of *Amanita* species
* List of deadly fungus species

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Hongo 1953`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `urlAmanitaceae: Amanita fuliginea`
3. ↑ Template:Cite journal
4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Deng 2011`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Circulocolumella

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***Circulocolumella*** is a genus of fungus in the Hysterangiaceae family. The genus is monotypic, containing the single species ***Circulocolumella hahashimensis***, found in the Bonin Islands of Japan.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Kirk2008`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Amanita subpallidorosea

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***Amanita subpallidorosea*** is a mushroom of the large genus *Amanita*, which occurs under oaks in southern China and Taiwan. It is closely related to the destroying angel mushrooms *A. virosa* and *A. ocreata*.

Two people died in 2014 after eating mushrooms picked near Zunyi in Guizhou province in southwestern China; investigations led to the description of *Amanita subpallidorosea* in 2015. Molecular analysis found it to be closely related to the destroying angel species *A. virosa* and *A. ocreata*. The mushrooms all belong to a clade within the section *Phalloideae*, a large group of highly toxic mushrooms responsible for the deaths of many people worldwide.

*A. subpallidorosea* is a medium-sized mushroom, that is predominantly white. The cap is initially conical, before becoming more convex and flattening , sometimes with a central boss. Measuring Template:Convert in diameter, the cap is white initially, before developing a pale pink, more prominently in the centre and paler at the margins. It can be slightly sticky when wet. The flesh is white. The crowded gills are free and around 4 mm deep. The stipe is Template:Convert high and Template:Convert thick, is white, cream or pale buff in colour and bears a thin white membranous ring. The bulb at the base is Template:Convert across. The spore print is white, and the round amyloid spores are 8–12 x 8–12 μm viewed under a microscope. Their surface is smooth. The mushroom turns yellow when potassium hydroxide is applied to it.

It can be distinguished from *Amanita pallidorosea* as the latter's cap has a pronounced boss and its spores are smaller when viewed under a microscope. Other lethal amanitas in China are generally white.

*A. subpallidorosea* is found under oaks of the genera *Quercus* and *Cyclobalanopsis* in Guizhou province as well as Taiwan.

## See also

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* List of *Amanita* species
* List of deadly fungi

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Template:Cite journal
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Template:Cite journal

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Astraeus telleriae

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***Astraeus telleriae*** is a species of false earthstar in the family Diplocystaceae. Described as new to science in 2013, it is found in the Mediterranean region, from southern Spain to Greece. The specific epithet honours Spanish mycologist Maria Teresa Telleria.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Phosri 2013`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Clathrus archeri

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***Clathrus archeri*** (synonyms *Lysurus archeri*, *Anthurus archeri*, *Pseudocolus archeri*), commonly known as **octopus stinkhorn**, or **devil's fingers**, is a fungus which has a global distribution. The young fungus erupts from a suberumpent egg by forming into four to seven elongated slender arms initially erect and attached at the top. The arms then unfold to reveal a pinkish-red interior covered with a dark-olive spore-containing gleba. In maturity it smells like putrid flesh. Recently, *C. archeri* var. *alba* with white tentacles or arms has been reported from the Shola Forests in the Western Ghats, Kerala, India.

## References

**Notes**

1. ↑ Clathrus archeri (devil's fingers)
2. ↑ Template:Cite book

**Bibliography**

* Template:Cite journal
* Calonge, Francisco D. (1998) "Gasteromycetes, I. Lycoperdales, Nidulariales, Phallales, Sclerodermatales, Tulostomatale" in *Flora Mycologica Iberica*, Vol 3, J Cramer, Berlin, Germany. p. 271.
* Template:Cite journal
* Pegler, DN et al. (1995) *British Puffballs, Earthstars, and Stinkhorns*, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England. p. 255.

## External links

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* Template:IndexFungorum

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Bjerkandera adusta

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***Bjerkandera adusta***, commonly known as the **smoky polypore or smoky bracket**, is a species of fungus in the family Meruliaceae. It is a plant pathogen that causes white rot in live trees, but most commonly appears on dead wood. It was first described scientifically as *Boletus adustus* by Carl Ludwig Willdenow in 1787. The genome sequence of *Bjerkandera adusta* was reported in 2013.

## Chemistry

Because *Bjerkandera adusta* produces enzymes that can degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as those used in synthetic textile dyes, there has been research interest in investigating the fungus for possible use in bioremediation.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Ostry 2011`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Willdenow 1787`
3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Ruiz-Dueñas 2013`
4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Singh 2015`
5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Kadri 2017`

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Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum

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***Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum*** is a species of agaric fungus in the family Tricholomataceae. It was originally described in 1859 as *Agaricus luteo-olivaceus* by Miles Joseph Berkeley and Moses Ashley Curtis in 1859. Rolf Singer transferred it to *Callistosporium* in 1946. The fungus has an extensive synonymy. Although rare, *C. luteo-olivaceum* is widely distributed in temperate and tropical areas of Europe and North America. In 2014, it was reported growing in pine forests in Western Himalaya, Pakistan.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `urlFungorum synonymy: Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Bas 1995`
3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Saba 2014`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Climacocystis borealis

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***Climacocystis borealis*** is a species of poroid fungus in the family Fomitopsidaceae.

## Taxonomy

First described in 1821 by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries, it has since acquired an extensive synonymy of alternate scientific names. Until 2014, it was the sole member of the *Climacocystis*, a genus circumscribed by Czech mycologists František Kotlaba and Zdeněk Pouzar in 1958, when the newly described Chinese species *Climacocystis montana* was added to the genus.

## Ecology and distribution

*Climacocystis borealis* is both a saprophyte and a secondary pathogen that causes a heart rot in the roots and bole of host trees. It is widely distributed, and has been recorded from Asia, Europe, Oceania, and North America. In China, it is found in Shanxi, Guangdong, Sichuan, and Tibet.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Fungorum synonymy`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Kirk 2008`
3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Kotlába 1958`
4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Song 2014`
5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Gonthier 2010`
6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Zhishu 1993`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Auriporia aurulenta

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***Auriporia aurulenta*** is a species of poroid crust fungus. It was described as a new species in 1975. A central European species, it has been recorded from Austria, Czechoslovakia, France, Yugoslavia, South Germany, Switzerland, and the Ukraine. The fungus is recognized in the field by its deep orange-yellow colour that becomes ochre in age. Microscopically, it features thick-walled cystidia that typically measure 20–35 by 8–12 µm.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `David et al. 1974`
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Ryvarden 2014`
3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Salcedo Larralde 1994`

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Boletellus emodensis

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***Boletellus emodensis***, commonly known as the **shaggy cap**, is a species of fungus in the family Boletaceae. It was described by English mycologist Miles Joseph Berkeley in 1851 as *Boletus emodensis*, and transferred to *Boletellus* by Rolf Singer in 1942. Characterised by a distinctive reddish shaggy cap, it grows in eucalypt woodlands. It produces a brown spore print, and has fusiform (spindle-shaped) spores that are 16–20 by 7–9 μm with longitudinal grooves. It is similar in appearance to *Boletellus ananiceps*, but the latter species is scaly rather than shaggy, has a pinkish tint, and lacks grooves in the spores.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Berkeley 1851`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Singer 1942`
3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Young 2005`

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Albatrellus ovinus

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***Albatrellus ovinus*** is a terrestrial polypore fungus found in western North America, and Northern Europe. It is very closely related to the more common *A. subrubescens*, from which it may be distinguished microscopically by the amyloid spore wall. It is edible and sold commercially in Finland.

## Similar species

A fuller discussion of the small color differences from the inedible *Albatrellus subrubescens* can be found at that extensive article. Microscopically, the spores of *A. subrubescens* are amyloid, while the ones of *A. ovinus* are not.

## References

1. ↑ Template:Cite journal
2. ↑ Template:Cite book
3. ↑ W. Julich, 1984: Die Nichtblatterpilze, Gallertpilze und Bauchpilze. Kleine Kryptogamenflora Band II Teil b/1
4. ↑ J. Breitenbach, F. Kranzlin, 1986: Pilze der Schweiz, Band 2. Nichtblatterpilze.

## External links

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* Template:IndexFungorum

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Archaeorhizomyces finlayi

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***Archaeorhizomyces finlayi*** is a species of fungi in the class Archaeorhizomycetes and the type species. When the class was described in 2011, a single order, Archaeorhizomycetales, family, Archaeorhizomycetaceae, genus, *Archaeorhizomyces* and species, *Archaeorhizomyces finlayi*, were described, though other species are known to exist. *A. finlayi* is named in honour of Roger D. Finlay.

*Archaeorhizomyces finlayi* is known from Scandinavia and North America. The species grows around the roots of coniferous trees, though has been grown in agar culture. Thin hyphae make up the mycelia, measuring from 1 to 2 micrometers (μm) in diameter. Individual hyphal cells are separated by simple septa. Chlamydospores are produced by older organisms, and measure 3 to 6 μm in diameter.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Template:Cite journal

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Clavulina viridula

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***Clavulina viridula*** is a species of coral fungus in the family Clavulinaceae. Originally described from Java as *Thelephora viridula* by Italian mycologist Giacomo Bresadola in 1907, it was transferred to the genus *Clavulina* by Derek Reid in 1962.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Bresadola 1907`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Reid 1962`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Clitocybe fennica

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***Clitocybe fennica*** is a species of agaric fungus in the family Tricholomataceae. Found in northern Europe, it was given the Neo-Latin epithet specifying "Finnish" when it was described as new to science in 1969 by Finnish mycologist Harri Harmaja.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Harmaja 1969`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Arrhenia spathulata

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***Arrhenia spathulata*** is a mushroom-forming fungus in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in Europe, it is widespread along the Atlantic coast.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Bas 1995`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Bondarzewia berkeleyi

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***Bondarzewia berkeleyi***, commonly known as **Berkeley's polypore**, or **stump blossoms**, is a species of polypore fungus in the family Russulaceae. It is a parasitic species that causes butt rot in oaks and other hardwood trees. A widespread fungus, it is found in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America.

Elias Magnus Fries described the species as *Polyporus berkeleyi* in 1851. It was moved to the genus *Bondarzewia* in 1941.

The fan- or shelf-shaped caps grow in overlapping clumps from the bases of oak trees, each capable of growing to 25.5 cm (10 in) diameter. They are various shades of white to pale grey, cream, beige or yellow. The pore surface is white, as is the spore print. The round spores are 7–9 by 6–8 μm and have marked amyloid ridges. The tough white flesh can be up to 3 cm (1.2 in) thick and has a mild taste, which can be bitter in older specimens. The outer edges that cut easily with a knife are quite tender. Although *Bondarzewia berkeleyi* has been compared to eating shoe leather, it is edible, and can be used to replace or strengthen other flavors in dishes, much like tofu. It can also reportedly be used as a meat substitute.

In China it has been recorded from Guangdong and Hunan provinces. The fruit bodies appear over July to October in the United States. A survey of host trees in North Carolina found that it almost always grew on oaks, being recorded from the white oak (*Quercus alba*), scarlet oak (*Q. coccinea*), southern red oak (*Q. falcata*), chestnut oak (*Q. prinus*) and eastern black oak (*Q. velutina*), as well as bird cherry (*Prunus pensylvanica*).

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Bessette 2007`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Roody2003`
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Kuo 2010`
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Zhishu 1993`
5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Bondartsev 1941`
6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `vegan`
7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Dai 2003`
8. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Grand 2007`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum
* Template:Commonscat-inline

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Austrolentinus

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***Austrolentinus*** is a fungal genus in the family Polyporaceae. Segregated from the genus *Lentinus*, it is monotypic, containing the single species ***Austrolentinus tenebrosus***, which was first described by E.J.H. Corner in 1981 as *Panus tenebrosus*. *Austrolentinus* was circumscribed by Norwegian mycologist Leif Ryvarden in 1991. The fungus occurs in Queensland, Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea, and the Malay Peninsula.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Corner 1981`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Ryvarden 1991`
3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Buchanan 2001`

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Clavulina gigartinoides

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***Clavulina gigartinoides*** is a species of coral fungus in the family Clavulinaceae. Found in Malaysia, it was described by British botanist E.J.H. Corner in 1950.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Corner1950`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Baeospora myosura

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***Baeospora myosura*** is a species of fungus that produces mushrooms with long, coarse hairs. It grows on plant material and manure. It is white to cream and the spore color is white, cream, or yellowish. It is commonly found in North America and Europe. The common name of the mushroom is **conifercone cap**. It was described in 1938 by mycologist Rolf Singer.

## References

1. ↑ Canadian Biodiversity
2. ↑ Roger's Mushrooms
3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Singer1938`

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Bulleribasidium

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***Bulleribasidium*** is a genus of fungi in the family Tremellaceae. The genus is monotypic, containing the single species ***Bulleribasidium oberjochense***, found in Germany. It is an anamorphic form of *Bullera*.

## External links

* Template:Index Fungorum

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Exserohilum echinochloae

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***Exserohilum echinochloae*** is a species of fungus in the family Pleosporaceae. Found in Bangladesh, where it grows on the leaves of *Echinochloa colona*, it was described as new to science in 1984. It is morphologically similar to *Exserohilum monoceras* and *E. frumentacei*, but differs from those species in its longer and wider conidia.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Sivanesan 1984`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Calocera viscosa

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***Calocera viscosa***, commonly known as the **yellow stagshorn**, is a jelly fungus, a member of the Dacrymycetales, an order of fungi characterized by their unique "tuning fork" basidia.

It has bright orange, yellow or occasionally white branching basidiocarps, which are somewhat gelatinous in texture and slimy to the touch (hence the specific name). It is relatively large for a jelly fungus, and can reach up to ten centimetres in height. It is widespread and common, and its bright colour makes it stand out in its habitat. It grows on decaying conifer wood, typically stumps and roots, although this may not be obvious if the wood is covered in leaf litter. It fruits throughout the year, but is most commonly seen in autumn.

It is not poisonous, but its tough gelatinous texture and nondescript taste and odour make it unattractive as a food. Its striking colour has led to it being used as a garnish on occasion, however.

## References

1. ↑ http://www.first-nature.com/fungi/calocera-viscosa.php First Nature, retrieved 16 August 2012
2. ↑ http://www.mushroomdiary.co.uk/2011/10/yellow-stagshorn-fungus/ Mushroom Diary, retrieved 16 August 2012

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Clavulina mussooriensis

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***Clavulina mussooriensis*** is a species of coral fungus in the family Clavulinaceae. Fruit bodies, which measure up to Template:Convert, grow either solitarily, in groups, or in clusters in soil. The type species was collected in a cedar forest in India. The species resembles *Clavulina cinerea*, but differs in its brown color and emergent hyphae.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Corner1958`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Agaricus impudicus

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***Agaricus impudicus***, is a mushroom of the genus *Agaricus*, a familiar genus with many edible species.

## Appearance

As with all *Agaricus* species, gills are free, colour progresses with age from pale-pink to a chocolate color, and spores are dark brown. The stipe has a clear annulus (ring).

Cap 4–15 cm wide, and appears brownish due to numerous brownish scales on a white background. The stipe is white, 6–12 cm tall and 0.8–2 cm thick, cylindrical and wider towards the bottom, or ending in a bulb.

It is distinguished from similar forest-growing *Agaricus* mushrooms in that it does not bruise yellowish or reddish when cut and the widening stipe. Taste is mild and the mushroom is edible.

## Habitat

Known to occur in Western and Southern Europe and New Zealand, this uncommon mushroom is found in deciduous or coniferous forest in autumn.

## Taxonomy

This species is known under a number of synonyms, all these refer to the same species:

* *Agaricus brunnoleus* (J. Lange) Pilát
* *Agaricus koelerionensis* (Bon) Bon 1980
* *Agaricus reae* Bon 1981
* *Agaricus variegans* F.H. Møller 1952
* *Agaricus variegatus* (F.H. Møller) Pil�t 1951
* *Psalliota impudica* Rea 1932
* *Psalliota variegata* F.H. Møller 1950
* *Psalliota variegata* var. *koelerionis* Bon 1972

## See also

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* List of *Agaricus* species

## References

* "Danske storsvampe. Basidiesvampe" [a key to Danish basidiomycetes] J.H. Petersen and J. Vesterholt eds. Gyldendal. Viborg, Denmark, 1990. Template:ISBN
* *Agaricus impudicus* entry at Global Biodiversity Information Facility.

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