Lignes 120 KV - (Beaumont-Monteux - La Rivière)¹

## Présentation :

La ligne Beaumont-Monteux - La Rivière n°1 est une ancienne ligne à haute tension qui reliait Saint Étienne au barrage de Beaumont Monteux sur l'Isère. Avec la ligne Beaumont-Monteux-La Rivière n°2, elle est la première liaison de grand transport réalisée en France mais a totalement disparu au début des années 1990.

Chargement de la 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class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBeaumont Monteux\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Beaumont Monteux\n","link":"","lat":45.017531908733915,"lon":4.923949590739638,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELa Rivi\u00e8re\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"La Rivi\u00e8re\n","link":"","lat":45.413533557495235,"lon":4.40460829778174,"icon":""}]}
## Historique :

Le projet d'aménagement hydraulique de la Basse Isère remonte à la fin du XIXème siècle mais buta dans un premier temps sur deux enquêtes publiques en 1906 et 1912. La concession fut finalement accordée en 1914 à la Compagnie Électrique de la Loire et du Centre (CECL), associée à la Compagnie des forges et aciéries de la Marine et d'Homécourt de Saint Chamond qui voyaient l'opportunité d'alimenter le bassin industriel de la région Stéphanoise grâce à l'énergie du futur barrage.

   Le barrage de Beaumont Monteux fut mis en service le 23 Octobre 1921 après cinq ans de travaux retardés par la Guerre et la mauvaise situation économique qui s'en suivit. La CECL dirigea parallèlement la construction de deux lignes à haute tension dont la gestion serait confiée à la société *Énergie Électrique de la Basse Isère*. Les deux lignes furent opérationnelles en 1922 et représentaient une prouesse technologique en France à l'époque: elles étaient les premières lignes à haute tension à dépasser le seuil des 100 000 volts et transportaient de surcroit cette énergie sur plus de 60 km en traversant le massif montagneux du Pilat. Elle débouchaient au poste de *La Rivière* à Saint Étienne d'où partait une autre ligne à 120 KV dirigée vers les aciéries de Saint Chamond.

   La tension fut réhaussée à 150 KV dans les années 1940, peut-être même dès 1941 quand le poste de *la Rivière* fut connecté au super réseau à 220 000 volts. On modifia alors légèrement le tracé des deux lignes pour les faire entrer dans le poste depuis un imposant portique où elles étaient couplées avec les lignes 220 KV venant de La Boisse et Monistrol d'Allier ainsi qu'une autre ligne à 150 KV (venant elle aussi de Monistrol). À l'instar des autres installations d'intérêt stratégique, la ligne subit les destructions de la seconde Guerre Mondiale; quatre pylônes furent notamment détruit par la résistance le 26 décembre 1943 à Beaumont Monteux.

   En 1961, l'échelon 150 KV disparait de *La Rivière*. Les deux lignes venant de Beaumont Monteux sont interrompues près d'une ferme au nord de Planfoy. Un pylône à 6 triangles y est installé pour dérouter la liaison vers le poste du *Soleil*, au nord de la ville, via un tronçon construit en simple circuit. La ligne n°2 est mise hors tension entre Planfoy et Saint Étienne. Quant à la ligne n°1, il est difficile de savoir si elle est désactivée entièrement ou seulement pontée sur sa jumelle au niveau du nouveau pylône.

Les deux tronçons inexploités entre Planfoy et Saint Étienne seront déposée seulement 20 ans plus tard, entre 1980 et 1982, et l'intégralité des lignes sera démonté progressivement à la fin des années 1980 suite au développement du réseau 225 KV dans la région. Le tronçon entre Planfoy et Tournon sur Rhône est supprimé en 1988. La section Beaumont-Tournon servira brièvement au réseau local à 63 KV mais sera remplacée en 1991 par une nouvelle ligne à deux circuits.

## Description du tracé :

La ligne suivait un tracé plus ou moins rectiligne et parfaitement parallèle à la ligne N°2.

* Elle sortait du poste de Beaumont-Monteux par le Nord puis tournait rapidement pour se diriger vers l'Ouest.
* Elle croisait successivement l'autoroute A7, la N7 et la voie ferrée Paris-Marseille puis bifurquait vers le Nord-Ouest juste avant de franchir le Rhône. A partir d'ici, elle conservait un tracé quasi rectiligne jusqu'à Saint-Etienne.
* Après le fleuve, la ligne quittait la plaine pour grimper sur les monts du Vivarais. Elle longeait Tournon-sur-Rhône par l'Ouest et traversait le Doux à Saint-Jean-de-Muzols.
* Elle passait ensuite sur les communes de Lemps et Cheminas puis franchissait l'Ay au Nord de Saint-Jeure-d'Ay. 6 kilomètres plus loin, elle rencontrait un relief un peu plus escarpé et traversait une région boisée après Saint-Alban-d'Ay.
* Elle franchissait la vallée de la Cance et la D121 4 km à l'Ouest d'Annonay puis entrait dans le parc naturel du Pilat.
* La ligne passait à Burdignes, croisait la D503 aux alentours de Bourg-Argental puis continuait à monter le massif du Pilat pour atteindre les 1160 mètres d'altitude au col de la République.
* A partir du col, elle redescendait progressivement en suivant plus ou moins la D1082 (ex RN82) jusqu'à Saint-Etienne, où son parcours prenait fin au poste de *La Rivière*.

## Tronçons récupérés pour la création de nouvelles lignes :

* Ligne 63 KV - (Beaumont-Monteux - Lamastre - Tournon) - Piquage.

## Liens :

* https://romans-patrimoine.fr/patrimoine/patrimoine-et-monuments/12-patrimoine/patrimoine-e-tmonuments/26-le-barrage-de-beaumont-monteux.html
* http://museedelaresistanceenligne.org/media511-Usine-hydroA
* https://www.persee.fr/doc/rga\_0035-1121\_1922\_num\_10\_2\_1695