Major Non-NATO Ally

**Major Non-NATO Ally**

 **Member States** |  Afghanistan
 Argentina
 Australia
 Bahrain
 Brazil
 Brunei Darussalam
 Egypt
 Israel
 Japan
 Jordan
 Kuwait
 Morocco
 New Zealand
 Pakistan
 Philippines
 Qatar
 South Korea
 Thailand
 **Established** | 1989

**Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA)** is a designation given by the United States government to close allies who have strategic working relationships with U.S. Armed Forces but are not members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). While the MNNA status does not automatically include a mutual defense pact with the United States, it does confer a variety of military and financial advantages that otherwise are not obtainable by non-NATO countries.

## History

MNNA status was first created in 1989 when section 2350a, otherwise known as the Nunn Amendment, was added to Title 10 (Armed Forces) of the United States Code by Congress. It stipulated that cooperative research and development agreements could be enacted with non-NATO allies by the Secretary of Defense with the concurrence of the Secretary of State. Initial MNNAs were Australia, Egypt, Israel, Japan, and South Korea.

In 1996, major non-NATO allies received additional military and financial benefits when section 2321k was added to Title 22 (Foreign Relations) of the U.S. Code (also known as section 517 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961), which added MNNAs to many of the same exemptions from the Arms Export Control Act that were enjoyed by NATO members. It also authorized the President to designate a nation as an MNNA thirty days after notifying Congress. When enacted, the statute designated Australia, Egypt, Israel, Japan, Jordan, New Zealand, and South Korea as major non-NATO allies.

U.S.-New Zealand strategic and military cooperation suffered a setback after the breakdown of the ANZUS alliance in 1984 over nuclear ship entry. The designation of New Zealand as an MNNA reflected the warming of relations between the two. In June 2012 New Zealand signed a partnership arrangement with NATO further strengthening and consolidating relations.

## Benefits

Nations named as major non-NATO allies are eligible for the following benefits:

* Entry into cooperative research and development projects with the Department of Defense (DoD) on a shared-cost basis
* Participation in certain counter-terrorism initiatives
* Purchase of depleted uranium anti-tank rounds
* Priority delivery of military surplus (ranging from rations to ships)
* Possession of War Reserve Stocks of DoD-owned equipment that are kept outside of American military bases
* Loans of equipment and materials for cooperative research and development projects and evaluations
* Permission to use American financing for the purchase or lease of certain defense equipment

reciprocal training

* Expedited export processing of space technology
* Permission for the country's corporations to bid on certain DoD contracts for the repair and maintenance of military equipment outside the United States

## Members of MNNA

### Named by George H. W. Bush

* Australia (1989)
* Egypt (1989)
* Israel (1989)
* Japan (1989)
* South Korea (1989)

### Named by Bill Clinton

* Jordan (1996)
* New Zealand (1997)
* Argentina (1998)

### Named by George W. Bush

* Bahrain (2002)
* Philippines (2003)
* Thailand (2003)
* Kuwait (2004)
* Morocco (2004)
* Pakistan (2004)

### Named by Barack Obama

* Afghanistan (2012)
* Tunisia (2015)

### Named by Joe Biden

* Qatar (2022)
* Brunei Darussalam (2022)