1813

Events from the year **1813 in the United States**.

* Vice President: *vacant* (until March 4), Elbridge Gerry (DR-MA) (starting March 4)
* Chief Justice: John Marshall (VA)
* Speaker of the House of Representatives: Henry Clay (DR-KY)
* Congress: 12th (until March 4), 13th (starting March 4)

Governors
* Governor of Connecticut: John Cotton Smith (Federalist)
* Governor of Delaware: Joseph Haslet (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Georgia: David Brydie Mitchell (Democratic-Republican) (until November 5), Peter Early (Democratic-Republican) (starting November 5)
* Governor of Kentucky: Isaac Shelby (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Louisiana: William C. C. Claiborne (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Maryland: Levin Winder (Federalist)
* Governor of Massachusetts: Caleb Strong (Federalist)
* Governor of New Hampshire: William Plumer (Democratic-Republican) (until June 3), John Taylor Gilman (Federalist) (starting June 3)
* Governor of New Jersey: Aaron Ogden (Federalist) (until October 29), William Sanford Pennington (Democratic-Republican) (starting October 29)
* Governor of New York: Daniel D. Tompkins (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of North Carolina: William Hawkins (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Ohio: Return J. Meigs, Jr. (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Pennsylvania: Simon Snyder (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Rhode Island: William Jones (Federalist)
* Governor of South Carolina: Joseph Alston (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Tennessee: Willie Blount (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Vermont: Jonas Galusha (Democratic-Republican) (until October 23), Martin Chittenden (Federalist) (starting October 23)
* Governor of Virginia: James Barbour (Democratic-Republican)

Lieutenant Governors
* Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut: John Cotton Smith (Federalist) (until May 13), Chauncey Goodrich (Federalist) (starting May 13)
* Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky: Richard Hickman (political party unknown)
* Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts: William Phillips, Jr. (political party unknown)
* Lieutenant Governor of New York: DeWitt Clinton (Democratic-Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island: Simeon Martin (political party unknown)
* Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina: Eldred Simkins (Democratic-Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Vermont: Paul Brigham (Democratic-Republican) (until October 23), William Chamberlain (Federalist) (starting October 23)

## Events

### January - March

* January 18 – War of 1812: Battle of Frenchtown begins.
* January 23 – War of 1812: Battle of Frenchtown begins.
* February 1
	+ War of 1812: Construction of Fort Meigs in Ohio begins under the command of Major Amos Stoddard.
	+ War of 1812: General Harrison sends out an expedition to burn the British vessels at Fort Malden by going across Lake Erie via the Bass Islands in sleighs, but the ice is not hard enough and the expedition returns.
* February 7 – War of 1812: Raid on Elizabethtown.
* February 19 – Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition: Manuel María de Salcedo, the governor of Spanish Texas, lifts his four-months long siege of Presidio La Bahía in Goliad, Texas and turns towards San Antonio de Bexar, the Republican Army of the North holds the Presidio until July or August.
* February 22 – War of 1812: Battle of Ogdensburg.
* February 24 – War of 1812: Sinking of HMS Peacock.
* March 4 – James Madison is sworn in as President of the United States for his second term, and Elbridge Gerry is sworn in as Vice President of the United States.
* March 22 – War of 1812: Col. Richard M. Johnson puts out an order for raising a regiment of mounted volunteers in Kentucky.
* March 29 – Mexican War of Independence – Battle of Rosillo Creek: The Republican Army of the North defeats the Spanish Royalist Army in present-day Bexar County, Texas, the Spanish forces retreat back to San Antonio.

### April - June

* April 1 – The Spanish sign a treaty with Samuel Kemper, one of the leaders of the Republican Army of the North. Governor Manuel María de Salcedo and Simón de Herrera, the Governor of Nuevo León, are surrendered to the republicans. They and 12 other imprisoned Spanish leaders are taken back to the Rosillo Creek battle site and executed. This act is viewed with disdain by the majority of the Anglo-American leaders of the rebellion, and many Anglos leave the rebel army as a result.
* April 3 – War of 1812: Battle of Rappahannock River.
* April 6 – Gutierrez de Lara drafts a declaration of independence, establishing the first Republic of Texas.
* April 27 – War of 1812: Battle of York: United States troops raid and destroy but do not hold York, capital of Upper Canada (modern-day Toronto).
* April 28 – War of 1812: First Siege of Fort Meigs begins: British allied forces, under General Henry Proctor and Chief Tecumseh, lay siege to the fort but do not capture it.
* April 29 – War of 1812: Raid at Frenchtown.
* May 3 – War of 1812: Raid on Havre de Grace.
* May 5 – War of 1812: "Dudley's Massacre": A detachment under Colonel William Dudley attempting to relieve the siege of Fort Meigs is decimated.
* May 9 – War of 1812: First Siege of Fort Meigs ends.
* May 27 – War of 1812: In Canada, American forces capture Battle of Fort George.
* May 29 – War of 1812: Second Battle of Sacket's Harbor.
* June 1 – War of 1812: Capture of USS *Chesapeake* in Boston Harbor by British Royal Navy frigate HMS *Shannon*.
* June 6 – War of 1812: Battle of Stoney Creek: A British force of 700 under John Vincent defeat an American force three times its size under William Winder and John Chandler.
* June 8 – War of 1812: Skirmish at Forty Mile Creek.
* June 15 – War of 1812: Second raid at Charlotte.
* June 20 – Battle of Alazan Creek: The Republican Army of the North defeats a Spanish force on the banks of the Alazán Creek, just west of San Antonio de Béxar.
* June 22 – War of 1812: Battle of Craney Island.
* June 24 – War of 1812: Battle of Beaver Dams.

### July - September

* July 1 – War of 1812: Second Siege of Fort Meigs fails to defeat General Green Clay.
* July 5 – War of 1812: Three weeks of British raids on Fort Schlosser, Black Rock and Plattsburgh, New York begin.
* July 11 – War of 1812: Raid on Black Rock.
* July 27 – War of 1812: Battle of Burnt Corn.
* July 31 – War of 1812: Raid on Plattsburg.
* August 2 – War of 1812: Battle of Fort Stephenson.
* August 18 – Battle of Medina: the Spanish authorities in Texas finally crush the Republican Army of the North at the Battle of Medina, about 20 miles south of San Antonio de Béxar, and the deadliest battle ever fought on Texan soil. This crushing defeat marks the final end of the Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition, a Filibustering expedition into Spanish Texas which had started the previous year.
* August 30 – Creek War: Fort Mims massacre: A force of Creeks belonging to the Red Sticks faction kill hundreds of settlers in Fort Mims in Alabama.
* September 10 – War of 1812: Battle of Lake Erie: An American squadron under Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry defeats a British squadron, capturing six ships.
* September 25 – War of 1812: Capture of HMS Boxer.

### October - December

* October 5 – War of 1812: Battle of the Thames in Upper Canada: William Henry Harrison defeats the British, and native leader Tecumseh is killed in battle.
* October 26 – War of 1812: Battle of Chateauguay: Charles de Salaberry defeats an American invasion.
* November 3 – War of 1812: Battle of Tallushatchee.
* November 9 – War of 1812: Battle of Talladega.
* November 10 – War of 1812: Skirmish at Hoople's Creek.
* November 11 – War of 1812: Battle of Crysler's Farm: the Americans are defeated by the British.
* November 12 – War of 1812: The Canoe Fight.
* November 13 – War of 1812: Skirmish at Nanticoke.
* November 16 – The British announce a blockade of Long Island Sound, leaving only the New England coasts open to shipping.
* November 29 – War of 1812: Battle of Autossee.
* December 10 – War of 1812: Burning of Newark.
* December 17 – A trade embargo comes into effect, aimed at New England merchants who have been supplying the British in Canada.
* December 19 – War of 1812: British soldiers and native allies invade the United States and are successful in the Capture of Fort Niagara and attack Lewiston, New York.
* December 23 – War of 1812: Battle of Holy Ground.
* December 30 – War of 1812: British soldiers burn Buffalo, New York.

## Memoriam

* January 23 – George Clymer, signer of the Declaration of Independence (aged 73; Morrisville, PA, USA)
* January 24 – Theodore Sedgwick, attorney, politician, and jurist (aged 66; Boston, MA, USA)
* February 3 – Samuel Ashe, 9th Governor of North Carolina from 1795 to 1798 (aged 87; Rocky Point, NC, USA)
* February 6 – Augustus Magee, U.S Army Lieutenant and Filibuster, died from a long-standing illness (aged 24; Spanish TX)
* February 26 – Robert R. Livingston, lawyer, politician, diplomat from New York and a Founding Father of the United States (aged 66; Clermont, NY, USA)
* April 19 – Benjamin Rush, signer of the Declaration of Independence, chemist, and physician (aged 67; Philadelphia, PA, USA)
* April 27 – Zebulon Pike, General and explorer (aged 34; York, Upper Canada)
* April 29 – John Andrews, clergyman, Provost of the University of Pennsylvania, "America's first scholar" (aged 66; Philadelphia, PA, USA)
* August 9 – Abigail Amelia, first born daughter of John and Abigail Adams (aged 24; Quincy, MA, USA)
* August 23 – Alexander Wilson, Scottish American ornithologist (aged 47; Philadelphia, PA, USA)
* September 12 – Edmund Randolph, 2nd United States Secretary of State (aged 60; Millwood, VA, USA)
* October 5 – Tecumseh, Shawnee leader (aged 45; Moraviantown, Upper Canada)
* October 22 – Charles Scott, army lieutenant, 4th Governor of Kentucky from 1808 to 1812 (aged 74; Clark County, KY, USA)
* November 12 – John Hector St. John, French American writer (aged 77; Sarcelles, France)
* November 17 – William Franklin, last colonial Governor of New Jersey from 1763 to 1776, son of Benjamin Franklin (aged 83; London, England, UK)