Instruments of the 1700s

### ***Bagpipes***

An instrument found through Europe, though most popular in Scotland. It began to fall out of favour from the late 17th century onwards due to it's limited musical range.

### ***Bugle***

A coiled horn, they spread in popularity from Hanover to Britain and its colonies in the mid 18th century. Bugles have limited range due to using lip positioning to make the sound, but they are somewhat popular in the armed forces of some nations.

### ***Cello***

A a symbol of Baroque culture, in the 18th century, these relatively new instruments began to spread into Northern Europe, replacing Bass Violins. Until the mid part of the century, they had no standardized size.

### ***Clarinet***

A new invention and the successor to the Baroque Chalumeau, Clarinets originally struggled with low notes, but improvements to their design meant they'd largely replace Chalumeau's by the mid 18th century, becoming part of orchestras, used by musicians like Mozart.

### ***Clavichord***

A stringed keyboard popular in Germany and Scandinavia, the Clavichord is often used as a practice instrument due to it struggling to make loud noises. It's slowly falling in popularity, being replaced by more advanced instruments, such as Pianos.

### ***Double Bass***

The evolution of 1600's Violones, Double Bass of the 1700s only have three strings, instead of the now more common four.

### ***Snare Drum***

A staple of 18th Century armies, though especially popularized by the American Revolution. Snare drum motifs were often used to give Soldiers orders, though Bugles began to overtake them in popularity at the turn end of the century. In the 1800s, they were associated with infantry.

### ***Fife***

Popularised by Soldatenpfeife in the 15th century, though reaching its peak popularity in the 17th and 18th centuries, their loud but easily portable nature made them ideal for giving orders. In the 1800s, they were associated with infantry.

### ***Flute***

One of the oldest and most timeless instruments of all time, first used 40,000 years ago. Popularised in military use by the Swiss in the 1400s, they were used in Operas and chamber music. Figures such as Handel and Frederick the Great are well known flute players.

### ***Fortepiano***

A new invention invented in 1698, It was popularized by figures like Mozart and Hadyn. Sibermann began their growth in popularity in Germany in the 1730s, though figures like Bach disapproved of early designs. By 1760, they were popular. Unlike later pianos, they lacked a pedal and instead had a hand stop. Changes resulted in a pause of music.

### ***Guitar***

Baroque guitars were largely a thing of the Iberian Peninsula and France, though occasionally spread to the rest of Europe. By the mid 1750s, they were on a decline in popularity, which would last until the birth of the modern guitar in the 1850s.

### ***Harpsichord***

A keyboard which, when played, plucks a string like a guitar pick. The piano's quieter tones and more varied volumes began to supplant its popularity, though it remained a staple of operas.

### ***Horn***

The natural horn evolved from trumpets and lacked valves. Somewhat popular in the 1700s, the arrival of the valved horn in the 19th century supplanted it.

### ***Hurdy-Gurdy***

A hand cranked string instrument, often known as the Wheel fiddle. Seen as an instrument of the lower class in the 17th century, it grew in popularity in the 18th century, hitting its peak thanks to the French Rococo style.

### ***Organ***

A symbol of Church services, Baroque organs of the 1700s often imitated other instruments. German organs of the time had more divisions, and are retroactively known as Werkprinzip. They can be played alone, but often accompany congregational singing. Smaller, portable organs existed, but the larger and grander Organs were often more popular amongst the nobility.

### ***Recorder***

Baroque recorders were quieter then recorders of the past, but had a nicer tone to them. Popularised by figures like Bach, they were often associated with the church, used at both weddings and funerals. Johann Denner of Neuremburg was one of many producers of such recorders.

### ***Sackbut***

Also known at the time as Trombones, they were associated with the Venetian polychoral style, alongside Organs. As such, they were commonly seen as a church item.

### ***Trumpet***

Originally used for signalling, advancements in the design process during the renaissance meant it began to be used more for music. Trumpets of the era lacked valves.

### ***Violin***

An instrument surpassing class, popular with street musicians and the nobility. The most expensive were produced by the Italian schools of Cremona, Brescia and Venice. 18th century violins have a longer neck then previous centuries.

### ***Viola***

Slightly larger then a Violin but with a deeper sound, used in chamber music and orchestras to support other instruments. Figures such as Bach, however, experimented with giving Violas solos and larger roles in their pieces.