From Russia with Love

***From Russia with Love*** is a 1963 British spy film and the second in the *James Bond* series produced by Eon Productions, as well as Sean Connery's second role as MI6 agent James Bond. It was directed by Terence Young, produced by Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman, and written by Richard Maibaum and Johanna Harwood, based on Ian Fleming's 1957 novel of the same name. In the film, Bond is sent to assist in the defection of Soviet consulate clerk Tatiana Romanova in Turkey, where SPECTRE plans to avenge Bond's killing of Dr. No. The film followed *Dr. No* (1962) and was followed by *Goldfinger* (1964).

Following the success of *Dr. No*, United Artists greenlighted a sequel and doubled the budget available for the producers. In addition to filming on location in Turkey, the action scenes were shot at Pinewood Studios, Buckinghamshire, and in Scotland. Production ran over budget and schedule, and was rushed to finish by its scheduled October 1963 release date.

*From Russia with Love* was a critical and commercial success. It took in more than $78 million in worldwide box-office receipts, far more than its $2 million budget and more than its predecessor *Dr. No*, thereby becoming a blockbuster in 1960s cinema. The film is considered one of the best entries in the series, both by critics and general audience. In 2004, Total Film magazine named it the ninth-greatest British film of all time, making it the only James Bond film to appear on the list. It was also the first film in the series to win a BAFTA Award for Best Cinematography.

## Plot

Seeking revenge against MI6 agent James Bond for the death of their agent Dr. No in Jamaica, international criminal organisation SPECTRE begins training agents to kill him, before assigning the task to Irish assassin Donald "Red" Grant. To lure Bond into a trap, SPECTRE's chief planner, Czechoslovak chess grandmaster Kronsteen, devises a plan to have Bond attempt to procure a Lektor cryptography device from the Soviets from the Soviet consulate in Istanbul. SPECTRE operative Rosa Klebb, a former SMERSH (Soviet counter-intelligence) colonel, is assigned to oversee the mission and to ensure Grant can carry out Bond's assassination at the right moment. To set the trap, Klebb recruits a cipher clerk at the consulate, Tatiana Romanova, to unwittingly assist in the plan, tricking Romanov into believing Romanova is still working for SMERSH.

In London, Bond is called to a meeting with M and informed that Romanova has requested Bond's help to defect to the West, in exchange for providing British intelligence a Lektor. Exactly as Kronsteen predicted, M suspects a trap but decides to honour Romanova's request. Before departing, Bond is given a special attaché case by Q, containing several defensive gadgets and an ArmaLite AR-7 sniper rifle, to help on his assignment. Upon arriving in Istanbul, Bond works alongside the head of MI6's branch in the city, Ali Kerim Bey, while he awaits word from Romanova. During this time, Kerim is attacked by Soviet agent Krilencu, who causes problems for the men, unaware that Grant is shadowing Bond to protect him until he steals the Lektor. After an attack on the men while they hide out at a gypsy settlement, Kerim assassinates Krilencu with Bond's help before he can flee the city.

Eventually, Romanova meets Bond at his hotel suite, where she agrees to provide plans to the consulate for him to help him steal the Lektor. The pair spend the night together, unaware SPECTRE is filming them as part of Kronsteen's plan. Upon receiving the consulate's floor plans from Romanova, Bond and Kerim make a plan to steal the Lektor, before all three make haste to escape the city aboard the *Orient Express*. Once aboard, Kerim discovers a Soviet security officer tailed them, forcing Bond to help him subdue the officer. While Kerim remains with the officer to prevent him escaping, Bond returns to Romanova to wait for their rendezvous with one of Kerim's men. However, Grant kills Kerim and the officer, forcing Bond to remain on the train and question Romanova's motive.

When the train arrives in Belgrade, Bond passes on news of Kerim's death to one of his sons waiting for them and receives instructions to travel to Zagreb and rendezvous with a British agent named Nash. However, the man he meets is actually Grant, who has already killed Nash and assumed his identity. After drugging Romanova at dinner, Grant overpowers Bond. He quickly reveals that Romanova was a pawn in SPECTRE's plan and that Grant intends to kill both and stage it as a murder-suicide, leaving behind faked blackmail evidence that will scandalise the British intelligence community. Bond tricks Grant into setting off a booby trap in his attaché case before killing him. Taking the Lektor and the film of their night together, Bond and Romanova leave the train in Istria, Yugoslavia and use Grant's escape plan. They evade helicopter and boat attacks by SPECTRE agents before reaching safety.

Learning of Grant's death and Bond's survival, SPECTRE's enigmatic chairman (Number 1) has Kronsteen executed for his plan's disastrous failure. As the organisation promised to sell back the Lektor to the Russians, Klebb is ordered to recover it and kill Bond. Klebb reaches the pair, while they are resting in a hotel in Venice, and sneaks into their room disguised as a maid. Klebb orders Romanova to leave the room while holding Bond at gunpoint. Romanova then re-enters, tackling Klebb and knocking the pistol to the ground. Klebb and Bond struggle, and Romanova picks up the pistol and kills Klebb. With their mission accomplished, Bond and Romanova spend some time on a romantic boat ride and Bond throws the film into the canal.

## Cast

* Sean Connery as James Bond, MI6 agent 007.
* Pedro Armendáriz as Ali Kerim Bey, head of MI6 Station T in Istanbul. This is Armendáriz’ last British film role before his death in June 1963
* Lotte Lenya as Rosa Klebb (SPECTRE No. 3), a former SMERSH colonel-turned-SPECTRE operative.
* Robert Shaw as Donald "Red" Grant, a cunning SPECTRE assassin and one of the principal Bond enemies.
* Bernard Lee as M, chief of British Intelligence.
* Daniela Bianchi as Tatiana Romanova, a Soviet Consulate clerk and Bond's love interest. Fleming based Romanova on Christine Granville.
	+ Bianchi's dialogue was dubbed by an uncredited Barbara Jefford.
* Eunice Gayson as Sylvia Trench, Bond's semi-regular girlfriend.
* Walter Gotell as Morzeny, a SPECTRE thug who trains personnel on SPECTRE Island.
* Francis de Wolff as Vavra, chief of a Gypsy tribe used for dirty work by Kerim Bey.
* George Pastell as a train conductor on the Orient Express.
* Nadja Regin as Kerim's girl
* Lois Maxwell as Miss Moneypenny, M's secretary.
* Aliza Gur and Martine Beswick as Vida (in red) and Zora (in green), respectively, two jealous Gypsy girls who are disputing the same man.
* Vladek Sheybal as Kronsteen (SPECTRE No. 5), a Czechoslovak chess grandmaster and SPECTRE agent.
* Leila as gypsy dancer

Anthony Dawson portrayed Ernst Stavro Blofeld (SPECTRE No. 1), the head and mastermind of SPECTRE and Bond's nemesis. He was Credited as "?" in the film. Dawson previously played Professor Dent in *Dr. No*.Template:Cn Dawson's dialogue was dubbed by an uncredited Eric Pohlmann.Template:Cn Fred Haggerty as Krilencu, a Bulgarian assassin who works as a killer for the Soviets in the Balkans. Desmond Llewelyn portrays Boothroyd, head of MI6 Q Branch and the equipment officer.

Additional cast members include Neville Jason as Kerim Bey's chauffeur; Peter Bayliss as Russian agent Commissar Benz; Nusret Ataer as Mehmet, Kerim Bey's son and agent; and Peter Madden as Canadian chessmaster McAdams. Uncredited performances include Michael Culver and Elizabeth Counsell as a couple in a punt and William Hill as Captain Nash, a British agent killed and impersonated by Red Grant.Template:Cn

## Production

Following the financial success of *Dr. No*, United Artists greenlit a second James Bond film. The studio doubled the budget offered to Eon Productions with $2 million, and also approved a bonus for Sean Connery, who would receive $100,000 along with his $54,000 salary. As President John F. Kennedy had named Fleming's novel *From Russia, with Love* among his ten favourite books of all time in *Life* magazine, producers Broccoli and Saltzman chose this as the follow-up to Bond's cinematic debut in *Dr. No*. The comma in the title of Fleming's novel was dropped for the film title. *From Russia with Love* was the last film President Kennedy saw at the White House on 20 November 1963 before going to Dallas. Most of the crew from the first film returned, with major exceptions being production designer Ken Adam, who went to work on *Dr. Strangelove* and was replaced by *Dr. No*'s art director Syd Cain; title designer Maurice Binder was replaced by Robert Brownjohn, and stunt coordinator Bob Simmons was unavailable and was replaced by Peter Perkins though Simmons performed stunts in the film. John Barry replaced Monty Norman as composer of the soundtrack.

The film introduced several conventions which would become essential elements of the series: a pre-title sequence, the Blofeld character (referred to in the film only as "Number 1", though Blofeld is mentioned in the end credits, with the actor labeled as "?"), a secret-weapon gadget for Bond, a helicopter sequence (repeated in every subsequent Bond film except *The Man with the Golden Gun*), a postscript action scene after the main climax, a theme song with lyrics, and the line "James Bond will return/be back" in the credits.

### Writing

Ian Fleming's novel was a Cold War thriller but the producers replaced the Soviet undercover agency SMERSH with the crime syndicate SPECTRE so as to avoid controversial political overtones. The SPECTRE training grounds were inspired by the film *Spartacus*. The original screenwriter was Len Deighton, who accompanied Harry Saltzman, Syd Cain, and Terence Young to Istanbul, but he was replaced because of a lack of progress. Thus, two of *Dr. No*'s writers, Johanna Harwood and Richard Maibaum, returned for the second film in the series. Some sources state Harwood was credited for the "adaptation" mostly for her suggestions, which were carried over into Maibaum's script. Harwood stated in an interview for *Cinema Retro* that she had been a screenwriter of several of Harry Saltzman's projects, and her screenplay for *From Russia with Love* had followed Fleming's novel closely, but she left the series due to what she called Terence Young's constant rewriting of her screenplay with ideas that were not in the original Fleming work.
Maibaum kept on making rewrites as filming progressed. Red Grant was added to the Istanbul scenes just prior to the film crew's trip to Turkey; this brought more focus to the SPECTRE plot, as Grant started saving Bond's life there (a late change during shooting involved Grant killing the bespectacled spy at Hagia Sophia instead of Bond, who ends up just finding the man dead). For the last quarter of the movie, Maibaum added two chase scenes, with a helicopter and speedboats, and changed the location of Bond and Klebb's battle from Paris to Venice. Uncredited rewrites were contributed by Berkely Mather.

### Casting

Although uncredited, the actor who played Number 1 was Anthony Dawson, who had played Professor Dent in the previous Bond film, *Dr. No*, and appeared in several of Terence Young's films. In the end credits, Blofeld is credited with a question mark. Blofeld's lines were redubbed by Viennese actor Eric Pohlmann in the final cut. Peter Burton was unavailable to return as Major Boothroyd, so Desmond Llewelyn, a Welsh actor who was a fan of the Bond comic strip published in the *Daily Express*, accepted the part. However, screen credit for Llewelyn was omitted at the opening of the film and is reserved for the exit credits, where he is credited simply as "Boothroyd". Llewelyn's character is not referred to by this name in dialogue, but M does introduce him as being from Q Branch. Llewelyn remained as the character, better known as Q, in all but one of the series' films until his death in 1999.

Several actresses were considered for the role of Tatiana, including Italians Sylva Koscina and Virna Lisi, Danish actress Annette Vadim, Polish actress Magda Konopka, Swedish actress Pia Lindström, and English-born Tania Mallet. Elga Gimba Andersson was nearly cast in the role but was fired after refusing to have sex with a United Artists executive. 1960 Miss Universe runner-up Daniela Bianchi was ultimately cast, supposedly Sean Connery's choice. Bianchi started taking English classes for the role, but the producers ultimately chose to have her lines redubbed by British stage actress Barbara Jefford in the final cut. The scene in which Bond finds Tatiana in his hotel bed was used for Bianchi's screen test, with Dawson standing in, this time, as Bond. The scene later became the traditional screen test scene for prospective James Bond actors and Bond Girls. In her initial scene with Klebb, Tatiana refers to training for the ballet, referencing the actress's real life background.

Greek actress Katina Paxinou was originally considered for the role of Rosa Klebb, but was unavailable. Terence Young cast Austrian singer Lotte Lenya after hearing one of her musical recordings. Young wanted Kronsteen's portrayer to be "an actor with a remarkable face", so the minor character would be well remembered by audiences. This led to the casting of Vladek Sheybal, whom Young also considered convincing as an intellectual. Sheybal was initially hesitant to take the role but was convinced by Connery's girlfriend Diane Cilento. Several women were tested for the roles of Vida and Zora, the two fighting Gypsy girls, and after Aliza Gur and Martine Beswick were cast, they spent six weeks practising their fight choreography with stunt work arranger Peter Perkins. Beswick was mis-credited as 'Martin Beswick' in the film's opening titles, but this error was fixed for the 2001 DVD release.

Mexican actor Pedro Armendáriz was recommended to Young by director John Ford to play Kerim Bey. After experiencing increasing discomfort on location in Istanbul, Armendáriz was diagnosed with inoperable cancer. Filming in Istanbul was terminated, the production moved to Britain, and Armendáriz's scenes were brought forward so that he could complete his scenes without delay. Though visibly in pain, he continued working as long as possible. When he could no longer work, he returned home and took his own life. Remaining shots after Armendáriz left London had a stunt double and Terence Young himself as stand-ins.

Englishman Joe Robinson was a strong contender for the role of Red Grant but it was given to Robert Shaw.

### Filming

Template:See also
Filming began on April 1, 1963, at Pinewood Studios. Armendariz's scenes were shot first after he was diagnosed with terminal cancer, with Terence Young serving as a stand-in for Kerim Bey for the last two months of the production. Most of the film was set in Istanbul, Turkey. Locations included the Basilica Cistern, Hagia Sophia and the Sirkeci railway station, which also was used for the Belgrade and Zagreb railway stations. The MI6 office in London, SPECTRE Island, the Venice hotel and the interior scenes of the Orient Express were filmed at Pinewood Studios with some footage of the train. In the film, the train journey was set in Eastern Europe. The journey and the truck ride were shot in Argyll, Scotland and Switzerland. The end scenes for the film were shot in Venice. However, to qualify for the British film funding of the time, at least 70 percent of the film had to have been filmed in Great Britain or the Commonwealth. The Gypsy camp was also to be filmed in an actual camp in Topkapi, but was actually shot in a replica of it in Pinewood. The scene with rats (after the theft of the Lektor) was shot in Spain, as Britain did not allow filming with wild rats, and an attempt to film white rats painted in cocoa in Turkey did not work. Principal photography wrapped on 23 August. Ian Fleming spent a week in the Istanbul shoot, supervising production and touring the city with the producers.

Director Terence Young's eye for realism was evident throughout production. For the opening chess match, Kronsteen wins the game with a reenactment of Boris Spassky's victory over David Bronstein in 1960. Production Designer Syd Cain built up the "chess pawn" motif in his $150,000 set for the brief sequence. Cain also later added a promotion to another movie Eon was producing, making Krilencu's death happen inside a billboard for *Call Me Bwana*. A noteworthy gadget featured was the attaché case (briefcase) issued by Q Branch. It had a tear gas bomb that detonated if the case was improperly opened, a folding AR-7 sniper rifle with twenty rounds of ammunition, a throwing knife, and 50 gold sovereigns. A boxer at Cambridge, Young choreographed the fight between Grant and Bond along with stunt coordinator Peter Perkins. The scene took three weeks to film and was violent enough to worry some on the production. Robert Shaw and Connery did most of the stunts themselves.

After the unexpected loss of Armendáriz, production proceeded, experiencing complications from uncredited rewrites by Berkely Mather during filming. Editor Peter Hunt set about editing the film while key elements were still to be filmed, helping to restructure the opening scenes. Hunt and Young came up with the idea of moving the Red Grant training sequence to the beginning of the film (prior to the main title), a signature feature that has been an enduring hallmark of every Bond film since. The briefing with Blofeld was rewritten, and back projection was used to refilm Lotte Lenya's lines.

Behind schedule and over budget, the production crew struggled to complete production in time for the already-announced premiere date that October. On 6 July 1963, while scouting locations in Argyll, Scotland, for that day's filming of the climactic boat chase, Terence Young's helicopter crashed into the water with art director Michael White and a cameraman aboard. The craft sank into 40–50 feet (12–15 m) of water, but all escaped with minor injuries. Despite the calamity, Young was behind the camera for the full day's work. A few days later, Bianchi's driver fell asleep during the commute to a 6 am shoot and crashed the car. The actress's face was bruised and Bianchi's scenes had to be delayed for two weeks while the facial contusions healed.

The helicopter and boat chase scenes were not in the original novel but were added to create an action climax. The former was inspired by the crop-dusting scene in Alfred Hitchcock's *North by Northwest* and the latter by a previous Young/Broccoli/Maibaum collaboration, *The Red Beret*. These two scenes would initially be shot in Istanbul but were moved to Scotland. The speedboats could not go fast enough due to the many waves in the sea, and a rented boat filled with cameras ended up sinking in the Bosphorus. A helicopter was also hard to obtain, and the special effects crew were nearly arrested trying to get one at a local airbase. The helicopter chase was filmed with a radio controlled miniature helicopter. The sounds of the boat chase were replaced in post-production since the boats were not loud enough, and the explosion, shot in Pinewood, got out of control, burning Walter Gotell's eyelids and seriously injuring three stuntmen.

Photographer David Hurn was commissioned by the producers of the James Bond films to shoot a series of stills with Sean Connery and the actresses of the film. When the theatrical property Walther PPK pistol did not arrive, Hurn volunteered the use of his own Walther LP-53 air pistol. Though the photographs of the "James Bond is Back" posters of the US release airbrushed out the long barrel of the pistol, film poster artist Renato Fratini used the long-barrelled pistol for his drawings of Connery on the British posters.

For the opening credits, Maurice Binder had disagreements with the producers and did not want to return. Designer Robert Brownjohn stepped into his place, and projected the credits on female dancers, inspired by constructivist artist László Moholy-Nagy projecting light onto clouds in the 1920s. Brownjohn's work started the tradition of scantily clad women in the Bond films' title sequences.

### Music

Template:See also

*From Russia with Love* is the first Bond film in the series with John Barry as the primary soundtrack composer. The theme song was composed by Lionel Bart of *Oliver!* fame and sung by Matt Monro, although the title credit music is a lively instrumental version of the tune beginning with Barry's brief "James Bond Is Back" then segueing into Monty Norman's "James Bond Theme". Monro's vocal version is later played during the film (as source music on a radio) and properly over the film's end titles. Barry travelled with the crew to Turkey to try getting influences of the local music, but ended up using almost nothing, just local instruments such as finger cymbals to give an exotic feeling, since he thought the Turkish music had a comedic tone that did not fit in the "dramatic feeling" of the James Bond movies.

Recalling his visit to Istanbul, John Barry said, "It was like no place I'd ever been in my life. [The Trip] was supposedly to seep up the music, so Noel Rogers and I used to go 'round to these nightclubs and listen to all this stuff. We had the strangest week, and really came away with nothing, except a lot of ridiculous stories. We went back, talked to Lionel, and then he wrote 'From Russia with Love.'''

In this film, Barry introduced the percussive theme "007"—action music that came to be considered the "secondary James Bond theme". He composed it to have a lighter, enthusiastic and more adventurous theme to relax the audience. The arrangement appears twice on the soundtrack album; the second version, titled "007 Takes the Lektor", is the one used during the gunfight at the Gypsy camp and also during Bond's theft of the Lektor decoding machine. The completed film features a holdover from the Monty Norman-supervised *Dr. No* music; the post-rocket-launch music from *Dr. No* is played in *From Russia with Love* during the helicopter and speedboat attacks.

## Release and reception

*From Russia with Love* premiered on 10 October 1963 at the Odeon Leicester Square in London. Ian Fleming, Sean Connery and Walter Gotell attended the premiere. The following year, it was released in 16 countries worldwide, with the United States premiere on 8 April 1964, at New York's Astor Theatre. Upon its first release, *From Russia with Love* doubled *Dr. No*'s gross by earning $12.5 million ($Template:Inflation million in Template:Inflation-year dollarsTemplate:Inflation-fn) at the worldwide box office. After reissue it grossed $78 million, of which $24 million was from North America. It was the most popular movie at the British box office in 1963.

The film's cinematographer Ted Moore won the BAFTA award and the British Society of Cinematographers award for Best Cinematography. At the 1965 Laurel Awards, Lotte Lenya stood third for Best Female Supporting Performance, and the film secured second place in the Action-Drama category. The film was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song for "From Russia with Love".

### Contemporary reviews

In comparing the film to its predecessor, *Dr. No*, Richard Roud, writing in *The Guardian*, said that *From Russia with Love* "didn't seem quite so lively, quite so fresh, or quite so rhythmically fast-moving." He went on to say that "... the film is highly immoral in every imaginable way; it is neither uplifting, instructive nor life-enhancing. Neither is it great film-making. But it sure is fun." Writing in *The Observer*, Penelope Gilliatt noted that "The way the credits are done has the same self-mocking flamboyance as everything else in the picture." Gilliatt went on to say that the film manages "to keep up its own cracking pace, nearly all the way. The set-pieces are a stunning box of tricks". The critic for *The Times* wrote of Bond that he is "the secret ideal of the congenital square, conventional in every particular ... except in morality, where he has the courage—and the physical equipment—to do without thinking what most of us feel we might be doing ..." The critic thought that overall, "the nonsense is all very amiable and tongue-in-cheek and will no doubt make a fortune for its devisers".

Bosley Crowther of *The New York Times* wrote: "Don't miss it! This is to say, don't miss it if you can still get the least bit of fun out of lurid adventure fiction and pseudo-realistic fantasy. For this mad melodramatization of a desperate adventure of Bond with sinister characters in Istanbul and on the Orient Express is fictional exaggeration on a grand scale and in a dashing style, thoroughly illogical and improbable, but with tongue blithely wedged in cheek." *Time* magazine called the film "fast, smart, shrewdly directed and capably performed." *Variety* described the film as "a preposterous, skillful slab of hardhitting, sexy hokum. After a slowish start, it is directed by Terence Young at zingy pace. The cast perform with an amusing combo of tongue-in-cheek and seriousness and the Istanbul location is an added bonus."

### Later reviews

*From Russia with Love* received critical praise from critics decades following the film's original release and is considered one of the finest Bond films. Rotten Tomatoes sampled Template:RT data reviewers and judged Template:RT data of the reviews to be positive with an average rating of Template:RT data. Its summary states: "The second James Bond film, *From Russia with Love*, is a razor-sharp, briskly-paced Cold War thriller that features several electrifying action scenes." Many online sites commonly cite *From Russia with Love* as the best Bond film of all time.

In his 1986 book, Danny Peary described *From Russia with Love* as "an excellent, surprisingly tough and gritty James Bond film" which is "refreshingly free of the gimmickry that would characterise the later Bond films, and Connery and Bianchi play *real* people. We worry about them and hope their relationship will work out ... Shaw and Lotte Lenya are splendid villains. Both have exciting, well-choreographed fights with Connery. Actors play it straight, with excellent results."

Film critic James Berardinelli cited this as his favourite Bond film, writing "Only *From Russia with Love* avoids slipping into the comic book realm of *Goldfinger* and its successors while giving us a sampling of the familiar Bond formula (action, gadgets, women, cars, etc.). *From Russia with Love* is effectively paced and plotted, features a gallery of detestable rogues (including the ultimate Bond villain, Blofeld), and offers countless thrills".

In June 2001 Neil Smith of *BBC Films* called it "a film that only gets better with age". In 2004, *Total Film* magazine named it the ninth-greatest British film of all time, making it the only James Bond film to appear on the list. In 2006, Jay Antani of Filmcritic praised the film's "impressive staging of action scenes", while IGN listed it as second-best Bond film ever, behind only *Goldfinger*. That same year, *Entertainment Weekly* put the film at ninth among Bond films, criticising the slow pace. When the "James Bond Ultimate Collector's Set" was released in November 2007 by MGM, Norman Wilner of MSN chose *From Russia with Love* as the best Bond film. Conversely, in his book about the Bond phenomenon, *The Man With the Golden Touch,* British author Sinclair McKay states "I know it is heresy to say so, and that some enthusiasts regard *From Russia With Love* as the Holy Grail of Bond, but let's be searingly honest – some of it is crashingly dull."
In 2014 *Time Out* polled several film critics, directors, actors and stunt actors to list their top action films; *From Russia With Love* was listed at 69.

The British Film Institute's screenonline guide called the film "one of the series' high points" and said it "had advantages not enjoyed by many later Bond films, notably an intelligent script that retained the substance of Ian Fleming's novel while toning down the overt Cold War politics (the Cuban Missile Crisis had only occurred the previous year)." In 2008, Michael G. Wilson, the current co-producer of the series, stated "We always start out trying to make another *From Russia with Love* and end up with another *Thunderball*." Sean Connery, Michael G. Wilson, Barbara Broccoli, Timothy Dalton and Daniel Craig also consider this their favourite Bond film.Template:Failed verification Albert Broccoli listed it with *Goldfinger* and *The Spy Who Loved Me* as one of his top three favourites, explaining that he felt "it was with this film that the Bond style and formula were perfected".

## Video game adaptation

*Main article: From Russia with Love (video game)*
In 2005, the *From Russia with Love* video game was developed by Electronic Arts and released on 1 November 2005 in North America. It follows the storyline of the book and film, albeit adding in new scenes, making it more action-oriented. One of the most significant changes to the story is the replacement of the organisation SPECTRE to OCTOPUS because the name SPECTRE constituted a long-running legal dispute over the film rights to *Thunderball* between United Artists/MGM and writer Kevin McClory. Most of the cast from the film returned in likeness. Connery not only allowed his 1960s likeness as Bond to be used, but the actor, in his 70s, also recorded the character's dialogue, marking a return to the role 22 years after he last played Bond in *Never Say Never Again*. Featuring a third-person multiplayer deathmatch mode, the game depicts several elements of later Bond films, such as the Aston Martin DB5 from *Goldfinger* (1964) and the rocket belt from *Thunderball* (1965).

The game was written by Bruce Feirstein, who had previously worked on the film scripts for *GoldenEye*, *Tomorrow Never Dies*, *The World Is Not Enough*, and the 2004 video game, *Everything or Nothing*. Its soundtrack was composed by Christopher Lennertz and Vic Flick.

## See also

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* Outline of James Bond

## References

**Informational notes**

1. ↑ As depicted in the 1962 film *Dr. No*.

**Citations**

1. ↑ From Russia with Love. European Audiovisual Observatory.
2. ↑ From Russia with Love, AFI Catalog American Film Institute. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
3. ↑ Runner Up: From Russia with Love.
4. ↑ "Get Carter tops British film poll", 2004-10-03. (in en-GB)
5. ↑ Film in 1964 | BAFTA Awards.
6. ↑ *FILMFAX Magazine*. October 2003 – January 2004.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Template:Cite AV media notes
8. ↑ Balio, Tino (1987). *United Artists: the company that changed the film industry*. University of Wisconsin Press, page 260. ISBN 9780299230135.
9. ↑ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 Template:Cite AV media
10. ↑ "Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., 1917–2007". *The American Prospect*. 17 September 2010. http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=arthur\_m\_schlesinger\_jr\_19172007. Retrieved 21 September 2010.
11. ↑ Brosnan, John *James Bond in the Cinema* Tantivy Press; 2nd edition (1981)
12. ↑ James Bond Retrospective: From Russia With Love (1963). Whatculture (30 November 2011).
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Template:Cite AV media
14. ↑ Len Deighton on From Russia With Love | The Spy Command. Hmssweblog.wordpress.com (5 November 2012).
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 McGilligan, Patrick (1986). *Backstory: interviews with screenwriters of Hollywood's golden age*. University of California Press, page 284. ISBN 978-0-520-05689-3.
16. ↑ *Johanna Harwood Interview* *Movie Classics # 4* Solo Publishing 2012
17. ↑ Chapman, James (2007). *Licence to Thrill*. London/New York City: Cinema and Society. ISBN 978-1-84511-515-9.
18. ↑ Simpson, Paul (2002). *The rough guide to James Bond*. Rough Guides, page 83. ISBN 9781843531425.
19. ↑ Template:Cite AV media
20. ↑ Template:Cite AV media
21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.6 Field, Matthew (2015). *Some kind of hero : 007 : the remarkable story of the James Bond films*. ISBN 978-0-7509-6421-0.
22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 *From Russia with Love* audio commentary, Ultimate Edition DVD
23. ↑ Template:Cite AV media
24. ↑ Template:Cite AV media
25. ↑ Template:Cite AV media
26. ↑ From Russia with Love.
27. ↑ Joe has eye of the Tiger. *The Visitor* (10 August 2004).
28. ↑  (1997) *Kiss Kiss Bang! Bang!: the Unofficial James Bond Film Companion*. Batsford Books, page 23. ISBN 978-0-7134-8182-2.
29. ↑ Template:Cite AV media
30. ↑  (1997) *Kiss Kiss Bang! Bang!: the Unofficial James Bond Film Companion*. Batsford Books, page 24. ISBN 978-0-7134-8182-2.
31. ↑ Lycett, Andrew (1996). *Ian Fleming*. London: Phoenix, page 418. ISBN 978-1-85799-783-5.
32. ↑ The name is Spassky – Boris Spassky. ChessBase.com (2 September 2004).
33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Template:Cite AV media
34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 Template:Cite AV media
35. ↑ Template:Cite AV media
36. ↑ Template:Cite AV media
37. ↑ "http://christies.com/LotFinder/lot\_details.aspx?from=searchresults&intObjectID=1992033
38. ↑ Poster Galore. British Film Institute (10 January 2007).
39. ↑ *Starlog* magazine Maurice Binder interview Part 1
40. ↑ Archived copy.
41. ↑ Jütting, Kerstin (2007). *"Grow Up, 007!" – James Bond Over the Decades: Formula Vs. Innovation*. GRIN Verlag, page 13. ISBN 978-3-638-85372-9.
42. ↑ "From Russia with Love" (1963) at Soundtrack Incomplete. Loki Carbis.
43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Listology: Rating the James Bond Theme Songs. Listology.com.
44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 Template:Cite AV media
45. ↑ Burlingame, Jon (2012-11-01). *The Music of James Bond* (in en). Oxford University Press, page 25. ISBN 9780199986767.
46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Template:Cite AV media
47. ↑ "A Premium for Bond-Lovers:"From Russia with Love"", 5 October 1963, p. 527.
48. ↑ Sellers, Robert (1999). *Sean Connery: a celebration*. Robert Hale, page 66. ISBN 978-0-7090-6125-0.
49. ↑ Balio, Tino (2009). *United Artists, Volume 2, 1951–1978: The Company That Changed the Film Industry*. University of Wisconsin Press, page 261. ISBN 978-0-299-23014-2. "The picture grossed twice as much as *Dr. No*, both foreign and domestic – $12.5 million worldwide"
50. ↑ From Russia with Love. *The Numbers*. Nash Information Service.
51. ↑ From Russia, with Love (1964). Box Office Mojo.
52. ↑ "Most Popular Films of 1963", 3 January 1964, p. 4.
53. ↑ Awards at Yahoo Movies.
54. ↑ Awards won by From Russia with Love. Internet Movie Database.
55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 Roud, Richard. "New Films", 11 October 1963, p. 11.
56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 Gilliatt, Penelope. "Laughing it off with Bond: Films", 13 October 1963, p. 27.
57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 "Four Just Men Rolled into One", 10 October 1963, p. 17.
58. ↑ Crowther, Bosley. "James Bond Travels the Orient Express", *The New York Times*, 9 April 1964.
59. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
60. ↑ "Film Reviews: From Russia with Love", *Variety*, 16 October 1963.
61. ↑ From Russia With Love (1963). Fandango.Template:RT data
62. ↑ Zydel, Devin. CBn Reviews 'From Russia With Love'. CBn.
63. ↑ Danny Peary, *Guide for the Film Fanatic* (Simon & Schuster, 1986) p.163
64. ↑ Berardinelli, James. Top 100 Runner Up: From Russia with Love. Reelviews.
65. ↑ From Russia with Love (1963). *BBC* (19 June 2001).
66. ↑ "Get Carter tops British film poll", *BBC News*, 3 October 2004.
67. ↑ Antani, Jay. From Russia with Love. Filmcritic.com.
68. ↑ James Bond's Top 20. IGN (17 November 2006).
69. ↑ Benjamin Svetkey, Joshua Rich. "Ranking the Bond Films", *Entertainment Weekly*, 15 November 2006.
70. ↑ Norman Wilner. Rating the Spy Game. MSN.
71. ↑ McKay, Sinclair. *The Man With the Golden Touch.* Overlook Press: New York. 2008. Pg. 4
72. ↑ The 100 best action movies. *Time Out*.
73. ↑ Archived copy.
74. ↑ Michael Brooke. From Russia With Love (1963). *screenonline*. British Film Institute.
75. ↑ Nusair, David (1 November 2008). From Russia With Love. AskMen.
76. ↑ Fischer, Paul (2008). Broccoli and Wilson Rejuvenate Bond Franchise. FilmMonthly.
77. ↑ COLIN M JARMAN (27 June 2010). IN MEMORY: Albert 'Cubby' Broccoli – The Mastermind behind the James Bond movies. Licensetoquote.com.
78. ↑ Chapman, James (2007). *Licence to thrill: a cultural history of the James Bond films*. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-515-9.
79. ↑ Interview with David Carson. GameSpy (29 September 2005).
80. ↑ Navarro, Alex (1 November 2005). From Russia With Love Review. GameSpot.
81. ↑ Template:Cite video game

**Bibliography**

* Peary, Danny (1991). *Cult Movie Stars*. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-74924-8.
* Rubin, Steven Jay (2003). *The Complete James Bond Movie Encyclopedia*. New York: Contemporary Books. ISBN 978-0-07-141246-9.

**Further reading**

* Jump Cut 3: The British Censorship of From Russia with Love from research by Gavin Salkeld. DVDTalk.com (22 July 2006).
* Tibbetts, John C., and James M. Welsh, eds. *The Encyclopedia of Novels Into Film* (2nd ed. 2005) pp 146–147.

## External links

* From Russia with Love at Wikipedia

* *From Russia with Love* at James Bond Wiki
* *From Russia with Love* at the Internet Movie Database
* *From Russia with Love* at the TCM Movie Database
* *From Russia With Love* at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
* *From Russia with Love* at BFI Screenonline

**Soundtracks:** *Moonraker*