Marlon Brando

**Marlon Brando Jr.** (April 3, 1924 – July 1, 2004) was an American actor and film director. With a career spanning 60 years, he is well-regarded for his cultural influence on 20th-century film.[4] Brando's Academy Award-winning performances include that of Terry Malloy in *On the Waterfront* (1954) and Don Vito Corleone in *The Godfather* (1972). Brando was an activist for many causes, notably the civil rights movement and various Native American movements. He is credited with helping to popularize the Stanislavski system of acting, having studied with Stella Adler in the 1940s. He is often regarded as one of the first actors to bring Method Acting (built from the Stanislavski system) to mainstream audiences.

He initially gained acclaim and an Academy Award nomination for reprising the role of Stanley Kowalski in the 1951 film adaptation of Tennessee Williams' play *A Streetcar Named Desire*, a role that he originated successfully on Broadway.[5]He received further praise for his performance as Terry Malloy in *On the Waterfront*, and his portrayal of the rebellious motorcycle gang leader Johnny Strabler in *The Wild One* proved to be a lasting image in popular culture.[6] Brando received Academy Award nominations for playing Emiliano Zapata in *Viva Zapata!* (1952); Mark Antony in Joseph L. Mankiewicz's 1953 film adaptation of Shakespeare's *Julius Caesar*; and Air Force Major Lloyd Gruver in *Sayonara* (1957), an adaptation of James Michener's 1954 novel. Brando was included in a list of Top Ten Money Making Stars three times in the 1950s, coming in tenth in 1954, sixth in 1955, and fourth in 1958.

The 1960s saw Brando's career take a downturn. He directed and starred in the cult western film *One-Eyed Jacks*, a critical and commercial flop, after which he delivered a series of box-office failures, beginning with the 1962 film adaptation of the novel *Mutiny on the Bounty*. After 10 years, during which he did not appear in a successful film, he won his second Academy Award for playing Vito Corleone in Francis Ford Coppola's *The Godfather*, a role critics consider among his greatest. *The Godfather* was then one of the most commercially successful films of all time. With that and his Oscar-nominated performance in *Last Tango in Paris*, Brando re-established himself in the ranks of top box-office stars, placing sixth and tenth in the Money Making Stars poll in 1972 and 1973, respectively.

Brando took a four-year hiatus before appearing in *The Missouri Breaks* (1976). After this, he was content with being a highly paid character actor in cameo roles, such as in *Superman* (1978) and *The Formula* (1980), before taking a nine-year break from motion pictures. According to the *Guinness Book of World Records*, Brando was paid a record $3.7 million ($15 million in inflation-adjusted dollars) and 11.75% of the gross profits for 13 days' work on *Superman*. He finished out the 1970s with his performance as Colonel Kurtz in another Coppola film, *Apocalypse Now*, a box-office hit for which he was highly paid and which helped finance his career layoff during the 1980s.

Brando was ranked by the American Film Institute as the fourth-greatest movie star among male movie stars whose screen debuts occurred in or before 1950. He was one of six professional actors, along with Charlie Chaplin, U.S. President Ronald Reagan, Lucille Ball, Frank Sinatra, and Marilyn Monroe, named in 1999 by *Time* magazine as one of its 100 Most Important People of the Century.[7] In this list, *Time* also designated Brando as the "Actor of the Century".[8]