recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Nodosaurus

*Nodosaurus textilis*

**Nodosaurus** ("knobbed lizard") was a herbivorous dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous, the fossils of which are found in North America.

## Description

The nodosaurid ankylosaur was about 13 to 20 feet (four to six meters) long. It was an ornithischian dinosaur with bony dermal plates covering the top of its body. It may have had spikes along its side as well.
It had four short legs, five-toed feet, a short neck, and a long, stiff, clubless tail. The head was narrow, with a pointed snout, powerful jaws, and small teeth.

## Paleobiology

It perhaps ate soft plants, as it would be unable to chew tough, fibrous ones; or alternatively it processed the latter by gastroliths and its enormous intestinal apparatus.

It is thought that without a club on its tail, Nodosaurus was left without much in terms of defense. When threatened, it probably dropped to the ground so that only its armored back and sides were exposed, much like modern-day hedgehogs.

## History

Two incomplete specimens have been discovered in Wyoming and Kansas, and no skulls. One of the first armored dinosaurs to be discovered in North America, Nodosaurus was named by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1889.

Various nodosaur scutes found in the Eastern US have a good chance of being identified as, and probably are, scutes of the genus Nodosaurus.

## Classification

*Nodosaurus* is named after Nodosauridae, one of the two subgroups of Ankylosauria, and in most classifications, it's counted in this group.

## JPInstitute.com Description

Discovered in 1889, Nodosaurus was one of the first armored dinosaurs to be discovered in North America. This dinosaur was first thought to be a member of the family that includes Stegosaurus. Nodosaurus was a plant-eater and was well protected from most meat-eaters with its thick armor. This is an important dinosaur because it helped define one of the two families of armored dinosaurs. Unlike the other family (what is the other family?), the nodosaurs didn't have clubs on the end of their tails.

Like many dinosaurs collected during the Cope-Marsh bone war discoveries, this dinosaur was not collected with great care. Its exact locale was not noted with sufficient attention to detail and scientists can only assume the exact formation that once held this dinosaur.

## Links

http://web.archive.org/web/20030616090251/http://www.jpinstitute.com/dinopedia/dinocards/dc\_nodos.html

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Template:Cite book

* *Cretaceous Dinosaurs of the Southeastern United States*, by David T. King Jr.
Microraptor

* Timothy Bradley Artwork
* Joe Tucciarone Artwork

***Microraptor*** was a small dromaeosaur from early Cretaceous China.

Like the *Archaeopteryx*, *Microraptor* was covered in black, pennaceous feathers. Though scientists do not believe it could "fly" in the sense of powered flight, they do believe that a *Microraptor* was capable of gliding from tree to tree, like some modern flying squirrels do. By most scientists it is believed to be of the branch of dinosaurs that evolved into birds.It is among the smallest types of currently known dinosaurs, at around 2 feet (62 cm) long. Though traditionally shown expanding its wings during a glide, some studies have shown that it most likely held down its legs while aloft.

## History

   The first *Microraptor* fossil found was a tail. When it was found, it was added to the body of *Yanornis*. The resulting chimera was named "Archaeoraptor". Later, the scientists realized their mistake and tried to assign the name "Archaeoraptor" to the *Microraptor* tail. However, Chinese scientist Xu Xing had discovered more fossils and called them *Microraptor*. In 2010, it was discovered that over 300 skeletons belong to this species, one of them belonging to a dinosaur previously called *Cryptovolans*.

## Description

    *Microraptor* was one of the smallest dinosaurs, at only 90 cm (3 ft) long and weighing about as much as a turkey. *Microraptor* had four wings, which was unusual even for a bird-like dinosaur. Both the front limbs and back legs were used as wings.

## Classification

*Microraptor* is classified in the subfamily Microraptoria within Dromaeosauridae. Other dinosaurs in Microraptoria include *Graciliraptor*, *Hesperonychus*, *Shanag*, and *Sinornithosaurus*.

## Appearance in other media

### *Jurassic Park*

* *Microraptor* appear in *Jurassic World: Alive* as an epic cunning flock dinosaur.

### *The Land Before Time*

* In *The Land Before Time XII: the Great Day of the Flyers* and in *Hermit of the Black Rock*, Guido is a *Microraptor* and he was the only dinosaur that glides. He has a strange color, being green, which some scientists think it was iridescent black. The skull shape of *Microraptor* is known to be weird, as around the base is taller and the tip gradually gets narrower. Some evidence showed that *Microraptor* probably Did have feather crests like the fossil showed seemed to show.
Simosuchus

Simosuchus ("pug-nosed crocodile") is a crocodilian--a member of the group that contains living crocodiles, alligators, caimans, gavials, and their extinct relatives--with a short snout. Its teeth are almost identical to those of plant-eating dinosaurs. Its body is covered with heavy armor. In fact, Simosuchus seems to be part crocodile, part ankylosaur! This is an example of what paleontologists call "convergent evolution," where two different groups of animals evolve the same basic features because of a similar lifestyle. People sometimes say that crocodilians are "unchanged since the Age of Dinosaurs." While it is true that some Mesozoic crocodilians look similar to living crocodiles, Simosuchus lived on land\_in other words, it was not an aquatic predator.

## Fun Facts

When threatended, a Simosuchus would probably hunker down so the attacking meat-eater could bite only its tough armor.

## Trivia

Other plant-eating crocodiles are known from the Late Cretaceous of South America,
Pteropelyx

*Pteropelyx grallipes*

***Pteropelyx*** (meaning "winged pelvis") is a dubious genus of Late Cretaceous hadrosaurid dinosaur from the Judith River Formation of Montana, named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1889. Historically, several species were assigned to it, all based on extremely fragmentary remains, but there is no evidence to support these assignments, making the type species, *P. grallipes*, the only valid species. Most of these other species' remains likely belong to better-known hadrosaurs, such as *Lambeosaurus* and *Gryposaurus*. It is probable that the type material of *Pteropelyx*, a skeleton lacking a skull, is from *Corythosaurus* (making *Pteropelyx* its senior synonym) (Brett-Surman, 1989), but the lack of a skull makes such a synonymy impossible to determine with sure certainty as no certain evidence pertain to prove the organ to be present.

## JPInstitute.com Description

Pteropelyx was discovered in 1888 and named by the famous American fossil hunter E. D. Cope from the Philadelphia Academy of Science. Professor Cope was involved in a fierce rivalry, called the Bone Wars, with Professor Marsh from the Peabody Museum at Yale University to see who could find and name the most dinosaurs. In their rush to name new dinosaurs, they sometimes gave new names to dinosaurs that already had names. This is the case with Pteropelyx. The fossils were of a large duckbill found without a head. Later study showed that Pteropelyx is most likely a Corythosaurus.

## Links

https://web.archive.org/web/20030803045817/http://www.jpinstitute.com/dinopedia/dinocards/dc\_pteropelyx.html
Tienshanosaurus

*Tienshanosaurus chitalensis*

***Tienshanosaurus*** (meaning "Tienshan lizard") is a genus of dinosaur from the Late Jurassic. It was a sauropod which lived in what is now China. The type species, *Tienshanosaurus chitaiensis*, was formally described by Yang Zhongjian (C.C. Young) for a partial skeleton in 1937.

## Discovery and classification

On 11 September 1928 Chinese geology professor Yuan Fu ("P.L. Yüan") discovered in Xinjiang the remains of about thirty adult and three juvenile sauropods, which he uncovered during the following weeks. The finds, including a fossilized egg, were sent to Beijing where they ultimately became part of the collection of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology. In 1937 paleontologist Yang Zhongjian ("C.C. Young") named the type species Tienshanosaurus chitaiensis. The generic name, suggested by Yuan, refers to the Tian Shan, the "heavenly mountains". The specific name refers to the location Chitai or Qitai.

The holotype, IVPP AS 40002-3, was found near Paikushan, Luanshantze, in sandstone of the Shishugou Formation dating from the Oxfordian. It consists of elements of the postcrania. A considerable part of the skeleton is known but not the skull or the lower jaws. The body length has been estimated at twelve metres.

In 1991 Ralph Molnar renamed Euhelopus zdanskyi to Tienshanosaurus zdanskyi, despite the species having priority over T. chitaiensis, made possible by the fact that Euhelopus is a renaming of the earlier Helopus. Meanwhile, Valérie Martin-Rolland renamed T. chitaiensis into Euhelopus chitaiensis.

Due to the fragmentary nature of the material and a limited description, it has not been easy to establish the affinities of Tienshanosaurus. Originally classified in the Helopodinae, it has been assigned to many groups, among them the Astrodontidae, Euhelopodidae, Brachiosauridae, and Camarasauridae, but recent consensus (2011) has been to assign Tienshanosaurus to Mamenchisauridae.

## JPInstitute.com Description

Tienshanosaurus was a medium-sized, long-necked plant-eater from China. This was a heavily built dinosaur related to Camarasaurus from North America. It was discovered in the 1920's at that time when very few dinosaurs had been identified from China, and most of those found were from the Cretaceous period. This Jurassic giant was only the second sauropod found in China.

Because of the lack of fossil material, particularly the skull, the exact relationship of this dinosaur to the other sauropods has not been established.

## Links

https://web.archive.org/web/20030813041046/http://www.jpinstitute.com/dinopedia/dinocards/dc\_tienshanosaurus.html
Yandusaurus

*Yandusaurus hongheensis*

***Yandusaurus*** is a genus of herbivorous basal euornithopod dinosaurr from the Bathonian age (middle Jurassic, approximately 169 to 163 Ma) of China.

## Discovery and naming

In January 1973 the Museum of the Salt Industry at Zigong in Sichuan was warned that during construction activities with a composter at Jinzidang near the Honghe dam inadvertently a dinosaur skeleton had been processed. A team of the museum managed to salvage some heavily damaged remains. Though locally this animal was at first referred to as "*Yubasaurus*" or "*Honghesaurus*", in 1979 Beijing professor He Xinlu named and described it as the type species *Yandusaurus hongheensis*. The generic name is derived from Yandu, the ancient name for Zigong. This name is a contraction of yan, "salt", and du, "capital", occasioned by the fact that Zigong was historically the centre of Chinese salt mining. In this way *Yandusaurus* indirectly also refers to the Salt Museum. The specific name refers to the Honghe river.

The holotype specimen, GCC V20501, had been dug up in a layer of the Lower Shaximiao Formation. It consists of a partial skeleton with skull. Elements of most parts of the body have been preserved, the skull, vertebral column, shoulder girdle, frontlimbs and hindlimbs but all are very limited and/or damaged. The lower jaws, pelvis and the end of the tail had probably been entirely destroyed by the machine.

In 1983 He and Cai Kaiji identified a second species: *Yandusaurus multidens*, known from two nearly complete skeletons and nine partial skeletons. In 1992 this was by Guangzhao Peng re-assigned to the genus *Agilisaurus* as a *A. multidens*. In 1996 Gregory S. Paul renamed it as *Othnielia multidens*. In 2005 it was by Paul Barrett e.a. placed in its own genus, *Hexinlusaurus*.

## Description

A fast-moving biped, *Yandusaurus* had four toes on each foot and five fingers on each hand. It had large eyes as shown by the curved jugal. The teeth, showing a unique pattern of parallel vertical ridges compared by Chinese researchers to the fingers of the hand of Buddha statues, are very asymmetrical in that the inner side is strongly worn down. The fifteen maxillary teeth are largest in the middle and overlap.

When indicating the size of *Yandusaurus* many sources give that of *Hexinlusaurus*, the previous *Y. multidens*, the (all juvenile) specimens of which are sixty centimetres (two feet) to 1.6 metres (5 ft) in length, and weighed around seven kilograms (fifteen lb). *Yandusaurus hongheensis* was however considerably larger than these exemplars: He estimated the body length at three metres, Peng at 3.2 metres; in 2010 G.S. Paul gave an estimation of 3.8 metres length and a weight of hundred forty kilogrammes.

## Phylogeny

Yandusaurus was assigned by He to the Hypsilophodontidae. Today however Hypsilophodontidae is considered an unnatural (paraphyletic) group and Yandusaurus is viewed as taking an unresolved position within Neornithischia.
Styxosaurus

Styxosaurus is a genus of plesiosaur of the family Elasmosauridae. Styxosaurus lived during the Santonian and Campanian ages of the Cretaceous period.

## Etymology

*Styxosaurus* is named for the mythological River Styx (Στυξ), which separated the Greek underworld from the world of the living. The -saurus part comes from the Greek sauros (σαυρος), meaning "lizard" or "reptile."

The type specimen was found on Hell Creek in Logan County, Kansas and is the source of the genus name coined by Samuel Paul Welles, who described the genus, in 1943.

## Description

The holotype specimen of *Styxosaurus snowii* was described by S.W. Williston from a complete skull and 20 vertebrae.

Another more complete specimen - SDSMT 451 (about 36 feet (11 m) long) was discovered near Iona, South Dakota in 1945. The specimen was originally described and named *Alzadasaurus pembertoni* by Welles and Bump (1949) and remained so until it was synonymized with *S. snowii* by Carpenter. Its chest cavity contained about 250 gastroliths, or "stomach stones". Although it is mounted at the School of Mines as if its head were looking up and out of the water, such a position would be physically impossible.

While most predators do not use gastroliths for grinding of food, almost all reasonably complete elasmosaur specimens include gastroliths. Although it is possible *Styxosaurus* may have used the stones as ballast, a *Styxosaurus* specimen found in the Pierre Shale of western Kansas included ground up fish bones mixed with the gastroliths. In addition, the weight of the gastroliths found in elasmosaurs specimens is always much less than 1% of the estimated weight of the living animal.

While crocodiles and some other animals may use gastroliths for ballast today, it appears likely that elasmosaurs used them as a gastric mill. See Henderson (2006) contra Wings (2004).

Styxosaurus was a large plesiosaur, one of several species of a group collectively called elasmosaurs that appeared in the Late Cretaceous. Elasmosaurs typically have a neck that is at least half the length of the body, and composed of 60-72 vertebrae.

Styxosaurus was around 11–12 metres (36–39 ft) long, with about half of the length being composed of its 5.25 metres (17.2 ft) neck. Its sharp teeth were conical and were adapted to puncture and hold rather than to cut; like other plesiosaurs, Styxosaurus swallowed its food whole.

## Classification

Styxosaurus snowii is from a group called elasmosaurs, and is closely related to Elasmosaurus platyurus, which was found in Kansas, USA, in 1867.

The first Styxosaurus to be described was initially called Cimoliasaurus snowii by S.W. Williston in 1890. The specimen included a complete skull and more than 20 cervical vertebrae ( KUVP 1301) that were found near Hell Creek in western Kansas by Judge E.P. West.

The name was later changed to Elasmosaurus snowii by Williston in 1906 and then to Styxosaurus snowii by Welles in 1943.

A second species, Styxosaurus browni, was named by Welles in 1952. Although synonymized with Hydralmosaurus serpentinus in 1999, it has been recently revalidated.
Trilophosaurus

**Trilophosaurus** (Greek for "Lizard with three ridges") was a lizard-like Triassic diapsid reptile related to the archosaurs. It was a herbivore up to 2.5 m long. It had a short, unusually heavily-built skull, equipped with massive, broad flattened cheek teeth with sharp shearing surfaces for cutting up tough plant material. Teeth are absent from the premaxilla and front of the lower jaw, which in life were probably equipped with a horny beak.

## Description

The skull is also unusual in that the lower temporal opening is missing, giving the appearance of a euryapsid skull. Because of this, the trilophosaurs were once classified with placodonts within Sauropterygia. Carroll (1988) suggests that the lower opening may have been lost to strengthen the skull.

Trilophosaurus is far known only from the Late Triassic of North America and Europe.

## Links

https://web.archive.org/web/20050307005256fw\_/http://www.jpinstitute.com/dinolab/dino\_academy/art\_gallery\_class\_gallery.jsp?CLASSID=5
Rauisuchus

*Rauisuchus tiradentes*

Rauisuchus ("Rau's crocodile" named after fossil collector Dr. Wilhelm Rau) is one of a group of land-dwelling relatives of the crocodilians called the
rauisuchians. These creatures were the
top predators on land during the Trias
sic Period (the beginning of the Age ol
Dinosaurs). Rauisuchus and its relatives had
heads that looked a lot like those o
theropods, or meat-eating dinosaurs
Rauisuchians, however, walked on al
fours, while theropods walked on their
hind legs. Like a dinosaur's, Rauisuchus's
legs were directly underneath its body,
but unlike a dinosaur, it walked on the
soles of its feet. Dinosaurs walked only
on their toes, like cats and dogs. Because
of this, dinosaurs were probably faster
than Rauisuchus and its kin.
Rauisuchus lived with the very earli-
est dinosaurs. It may have hunted these;
early ancestors of Tyrannosaurus, Veloci
raptor, and Triceratops.

## Fun Facts

The fossil trackways of Rauisuchus
and its relatives were first
thought to have come from
something like a gigantic
frog!

## Trivia

Some rauisuchians grew up to 23 feet (7 m)
long.
Nomingia

*Nomingia gobiensis*

***Nomingia*** is a genus of oviraptorid theropod dinosaur hailing from the Late Cretaceous Bugin Tsav Beds of Mongolia.

## Discovery and naming

The remains, consisting of most of the vertebral column, pelvic girdle and left tibio-tarsus, holotype **GIN100/119**, were found in 1994 in layers of the Nemegt Svita, dating to the Maastrichtian. They were named and described as the type species *Nomingia gobiensis* by Barsbold, Halszka Osmólska, Mahito Watabe, Philip Currie and Khishigjaw Tsogtbaatar in 2000. The etymology of the binomial refers to the location where the fossils were found, with the generic name mentioning the Nomingiin Gobi, a nearby part of the Gobi Desert, which is itself mentioned in the specific descriptor.

## Description

*Nomingia* is a medium-sized oviraptorosaur, estimated by Gregory S. Paul to have been Template:Convert long and Template:Convert in weight. It is characterized by a pygostyle-like mass of five fused vertebrae at the tail end, which Barsbold *et al.* inferred probably supported a feather fan as in *Caudipteryx*. A similar bone structure had only been found in birds before this fossil was discovered.

As other oviraptorids such as *Chirostenotes*, *N. gobiensis* would have been a medium-sized theropod sporting beaked jaws and, probably, a crest used for display.

## Phylogeny

Barsbold *et al.* only formally assigned *Nomingia* to a more general Oviraptorosauria, though they considered that it was likely a member of the Caenagnathidae (=Elmisaurinae). Subsequent cladistic analyses have been contradictory regarding to which precise subgroup it belonged.

## JPInstitute.com Description

This little dinosaur was just about ready to fly! Well, it was at least on its way to becoming a bird. Nomingia is a good example of the term "missing link". For many years scientists have argued about the theory that dinosaurs evolved into birds. While we know that some dinosaurs had feathers and some, like Archaeopteryx, could probably fly, no one had really found a dinosaur that was in the process of changing into a bird. Nomingia wasn't really ready to fly, but this dinosaur definitely was developing some of the features of modern birds. The most important was a short tail that ended in what is called a pygostyle. This is the type of bone that birds have so their tail feathers can attach to their bodies. It lets them steer while flying.

Nomingia exhibited many characteristics of the typical oviraptoroid. It had a beak, long arms with long claws, and long legs. Some scientists note that, despite the move toward bird-like characteristics, members of this family are not thought to have become avians.

## Appearance in other media

### *Jurassic Park*

* *Nomingia* appears in *Jurassic World: Alive* as an Unique.

## Links

http://web.archive.org/web/20050524180337fw\_/http://www.jpinstitute.com/dinopedia/dinocards/dc\_nomin.html#

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Template:Cite journal
2. ↑ Paul, G.S., 2010, *The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs*, Princeton University Press p. 152
Pyroraptor

*Pyroraptor olympius*

* Official Jurassic Park Artwork
* Timothy Bradley Artwork

***Pyroraptor*** is an extinct genus of dromaeosaurid from the Late Cretaceous of France. Each of these claws were 6.5 centimeters (2.5 inches) long. The type and only species was found in the south of France, in Provence, and is known only from a few bones, named *Pyroraptor olympius* by Allain and Taquet in 2000. The type specimen consists of the distinctive foot claws, as well as fossilized teeth, arm and back bones.

## Discovery and naming

The first remains of *Pyroraptor* were discovered in southeastern France, at the La Boucharde locality of the Arc Basin in Provence. Finds of dromaeosaurid dinosaur remains are rare in Europe, and typically provide little taxonomic information. The first dromaeosaurid fossils found in France were those of *Variraptor*, although the bones were previously referred to a new *Megalosaurus* species.

*Pyroraptor* was described by French paleontologists Ronan Allain and Philippe Taquet in 2000, the type species is *P. olympius*. The genus name is Greek for "Fire thief", due to its remains being discovered after a forest fire occurred in 1992. The species name is derived from Mont Olympe, a mountain in Provence at the foot of which the animal's remains were unearthed.

The holotype specimen, MNHN BO001, consists of the second toe claw of the left foot. The assigned paratypes include the equivalent claw of the right foot; the left second metatarsal; another, more complete second toe claw; a right ulna (long forearm bone); and two teeth. Additional material from the Vitória Formation and the Tremp Group, both in Spain, was referred to *Pyroraptor*, including five pedal digits, one manual digit, a piece of a metacarpal, a right radius, a dorsal vertebra, and a tail vertebra.

## Description

*Pyroraptor* was a smaller sized dromaeosaurid, around 8 feet (2.5 meters) long. A distinctive sign of many dromaeosaurids is that *Pyroraptor* had a very narrow, and long skull used for snatching up smaller prey. Most sources point to the *Pyroraptor* having a downy coat of feathers across its bodies, using close relatives and bone structure as evidence.

## JPInstitute.com Description

Pyroraptor is the first positively identified member of the raptor family found in Europe. This was a small, fast hunter that lived near the end of the age of dinosaurs. The specimen is known from only a few bones, but they are enough to give scientists a good idea of what this little dinosaur would have looked like. Some paleontologists believe it would have closely resembled the small, bird-like dinosaurs recently discovered in China.

Pyroraptor was found associated with fossils representing a number of other creatures, including Rhabdodon, a nodosaur, a titanosaur, a ceratopsian and some Late Cretaceous reptiles.

The origin of the dromaeosaurs has long been debated. A number of prominent scientists believe they originated in North America, possibly the area that was adjacent to Europe in the very Early Cretaceous.

## Links

https://web.archive.org/web/20040806081752fw\_/http://www.jpinstitute.com/dinopedia/dinocards/dc\_pyroraptor.html#
Stygimoloch

*Stygimoloch spinifer*

* Official Jurassic Park Artwork
* Timothy Bradley Artwork

***Stygimoloch*** ("demon from the river Styx") is a highly dubious genus of the pachycephalosaur family living in the Late Cretaceous period. It was distinguished from other pachycephalosaurs by the row of spikes on the back of its head, behind the dome characteristic of the family. Jack Horner has presented evidence in 2009 (and others after him) that suggests that *Stygimoloch* might be the juvenile form of *Pachycephalosaurus*.

## JPInstitute.com Description

A member of the same family that includes the better-known Pachycephalosaurus, this dinosaur was smaller and had a skull that wasn't quite as thick. In 1995, fossil hunter Mike Triebold found a complete skeleton of this fascinating dinosaur. This was a remarkable find as before his discovery, no member of the pachycephalosaur family had been discovered with both the head and body together. His find showed that this dinosaur could never have butted heads like many had thought. If it did, it would probably have broken its neck!

The ring of horns that encircled its thick skull was probably used for display and it may have been used as a club for hitting others of its own kind during courtship. It is not likely that it could have been used as a serious weapon.

Stygimoloch is an interesting dinosaur for a number of reasons. Although it lived in the late Cretaceous, it had a number of primitive characteristics. It had five fingers, it had teeth similar to Stegosaurus in the back of its mouth, but the front was filled with sharp incisors similar to a carnivore.

Stygimoloch was originally discovered in the late 1800s, but almost 100 years would pass from the discovery of the first fossil elements to the discovery of the definitive specimen by Triebold in 1995. In between, all of the remains that had been found were misidentified as those from a Pachycephalosaurus. In fact, even Triebold's specimen was initially misidentified as Pachycephalosaurus.

## Links

https://web.archive.org/web/20040806055823fw\_/http://www.jpinstitute.com/dinopedia/dinocards/dc\_stygi.html
Any Shooter Game

Any Shooter Game was a wild fox in Flower Heart.

## Any Shooter Game

### Relatives

Foxtrot - WifeBondy Boi - Daughter

Jake- Grand - Son

Goose - Grand - Son

Dream Warrior - Grand - Son

Charlie - Great Grand - daughter

Viola - Great Grand - daughter

Jake Jr. - Great Grand - daughter

T.V. - Great Grand-son

Kim Kil Whan - Great Grand-son

Maul - Great Grand-son

Lady - Grand - Daughter in law

Bondy Boi's Wife -Daughter in Law

Bitchy Boi - Grand - Daughter in Law

Pat - Grand - Daughter in Law

Bronwyn - Grand - Great Grand-daughter

Little Boy - Great Grand - son
Michael Carroll

Artist and author Michael Carroll is a science journalist who has written for Popular Science, Astronomy, and Sky and Telescope. He has authored and illustrated several books including Dinosaurs, Volcanoes and Earthquakes, and Oceans and Rivers. Mr. Carroll has also been commissioned by NASA to create space art and his art work has appeared in many magazines around the world. He sometimes works on book projects with his wife Caroline, who is also a talented artist.

## References

1. ↑ JPInstitute.com, Dinolab, Dino Academy, Art Gallery, Artist. Link.
Xiaosaurus

*Xiaosaurus dashanpensis*

* Timothy Bradley Artwork
* Robert F Walters Artwork

***Xiaosaurus*** ("dawn lizard", /ʃaʊˈsɔːrəs/), is a genus of small herbivorous dinosaur from the middle Jurassic, approximately 169 to 163.5 mya. *Xiaosaurus* lived in what is now the Sichuan Basin of China. Weighing 7 kilograms and only 1.5m in length, it may have had a body built for speed and is also thought to have relatively large eyes.

## Discovery and naming

In 1979 and 1980, two specimens were discovered of a small herbivorous dinosaur during excavations near Dashanpu in Sichuan. In 1983 Dong Zhiming and Tang Zilu named the fossils under the type species *Xiaosaurus dashanpensis*. The generic name is derived from Chinese xiáo, 曉, "dawn", a reference to the age of the fossil. The specific name refers to Danshanpu.

The holotype, IVPP V6730A, was found in the lower Xiashaximiao Formation of which the age is uncertain: both the Bajocian and the Bathonian–Callovian have been proposed. It consists of a partial skeleton including a jaw fragment with a single tooth, two cervical vertebrae, four caudal vertebrae, a humerus, a partial left femur and a complete right hindlimb. The paratype IVPP V6730B is a second partial skeleton including a right femur, a dorsal vertebra, two sacral vertebrae, a phalanx, a rib and two teeth.

In 1992 Peng Guangzhao renamed *Agilisaurus multidens* He & Cai 1983 (now *Hexinlusaurus*) into a second species of *Xiaosaurus*: *Xiaosaurus multidens*, but this has not been accepted.

## Description

*Xiaosaurus* was a small bipedal animal with an estimated length of one metre. The femur is 11 centimetres (4.3 in) long.

## Classification

The remains are too fragmentary to easily classify the genus. The describers assigned it both to the Fabrosauridae and the Hypsilophodontidae, considering it an evolutionary link between *Lesothosaurus* and *Hypsilophodon*. *Xiaosaurus* has sometimes been considered a *nomen dubium* and an ornithischian of uncertain affinities, possibly a basal cerapod or marginocephalian. However, Paul Barrett et al. in 2005 concluded it to be provisionally valid, as it possessed a single unique derived trait or autapomorphy: a mediolaterally (seen from the front) straight humerus.

## JPInstitute.com Description

Xiaosaurus was a little plant-eater that lived in Asia during the Jurassic period. These quick dinosaurs probably lived in large family groups and moved through forests so they could hide from predators. They had very little in the way of defenses against a hungry meat-eater.
Xiaosaurus is considered to be a link between the early herbivore Lesothosaurus and Hypsilophodon. It also had some primitive attributes found on basal ornithischians. These types of transitional specimens are important in understanding dinosaur evolution and migration.

## Links

https://web.archive.org/web/20080704173516/http://kids.yahoo.com/dinosaurs/300--Xiaosaurus
Pikaia

An important little creature in the history of life on Earth, Pikaia is the first known living thing with a backbone. Having this feature, it is possibly the ancestor of all vertebrate life on Earth, including humans. It was only about two inches long and lived in the sea 550 million years ago. It looked like a small fish without fins. Not too much is known about this creature. It is known from a very fossil rich formation of shale rocks in Canada that are called the Burgess Shale.
Trinacromerum

Julius T. Csotonyi Artwork

***Trinacromerum*** is an extinct genus of sauropterygian reptile, a member of the polycotylid plesiosaurs. It contains two species, *T. bentonianum* and *T. kirki*. Specimens have been discovered in the Late Cretaceous fossil deposits of what is now modern Kansas and Manitoba.

## Description

*Trinacromerum* was 3 meters long. Its teeth show that it fed on small fish.

The long flippers of *Trinacromerum* enabled it to achieve high swimming speeds. Its physical appearance was described by Richard Ellis as akin to a "four-flippered penguin." Its name means "three tipped femur".

## Classification

Below is a cladogram of polycotylid relationships from Ketchum & Benson, 2011.

## Appearance in other media

### *Jurassic Park*

* Trinacromerum appeared in Jurassic Park: Builder.
* Trinacromerum appeared in Jurassic World: The Game.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Template:Cite book
2. ↑ Ellis, 190
3. ↑ Template:Cite journal
Mesosaurus

*Mesosaurus tenuidens*

***Mesosaurus*** (meaning "middle lizard") is an extinct genus of reptile from the Early Permian of southern Africa and South America. Along with the genera *Brazilosaurus* and *Stereosternum*, it is a member of the family Mesosauridae, which itself belongs to the order Mesosauria.

## Description

*Mesosaurus* had a long skull that was larger than that of Stereosternum and had longer teeth. The teeth are angled outwards, especially those at the tips of the jaws.

The bones of the postcranial skeleton are thick, having undergone pachyostosis. *Mesosaurus* is unusual among reptiles in that it possesses a cleithrum. A cleithrum is a type of dermal bone that overlies the scapula, and is usually found in more primitive bony fish and tetrapods. The head of the interclavicle of Mesosaurus is triangular, unlike those of other early reptiles, which are diamond-shaped.

## Paleobiology

*Mesosaurus* was one of the first reptiles to return to the water in which its amphibians ancestors originally lived. It was around 1 meter (3.3 ft) in length, with webbed feet, a streamlined body, and a long tail that may have supported a fin. It probably propelled itself through the water with its long hind legs and flexible tail. Its body was also flexible and could easily move sideways, but it had heavily thickened ribs, which would have prevented it from twisting its body.

*Mesosaurus* had a small skull with long jaws. The nostrils were located at the top, allowing the creature to breathe with only the upper side of its head breaking the surface, in a similar manner to a modern crocodile. Its most striking feature were its numerous, thin teeth. Each tooth had its own socket, but they were too thin to catch prey. Instead, they are thought to have been used to filter plankton from the water.

## Distribution

*Mesosaurus* was significant in providing evidence for the theory of continental drift, because its remains were found in southern Africa and eastern South America, two far away places. As *Mesosaurus* was a freshwater animal, and therefore could not have crossed the Atlantic Ocean, this distribution indicated that the two continents used to be joined together.

## Appearance in other media

### *Jurassic Park*

* In Jurassic World Aftermath, *Mesosaurus* DNA was in the possession of InGen by December 14, 2015, with at least one individual appearing to have been cloned by that time.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100152310
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Template:Cite book
Privyazannost' Mal'chika

**Privyazannost' Mal'chika** is a Male Donkey senator.

## History

### Early life

**Privyazannost**' **Mal'chika** was created as part of a fresh start brought on by FireKnight2018 after the Final Burial of Bondy Boi. After Mal'chika's birth FireKnight2018 commonly rid him along with Techno The Pig 2.

### Teleportation Incident

The teleportaiton incident in which FireKnight2018 attempted to teleport Donk 4, he tried to typed in the command /tp @e[type=minecraft:donkey,r=10] instead, he accidentally typed /tp 2e FireKnight2018, thus teleporting every mob in Flower Heart to him. After accidentally teleporting every animal to him, he again teleported all animals to the airport, where he and Seagindauz could more easily locate the animals

During the Teleportation Incident Privyazannost' Mal'chika was found quickly in the Airports Café and was brought back to the stable by Seagindauz. After the incident Mal'chika's life continued as usual.

### Senator Mal'chika

After construction finished on the Senate Building, Privyazannost' Mal'chika was chosen to become the a senator in the Flower Heart Senate. After he became a senator he helped contribute to many important political choices in Flower Heart. He was present in the Senate Building when Supreme Chancellor Donk King revealed his true side and killed Mule Windu. Privyazannost' Mal'chika was unwillingly forced to be part of the Donkpireal Senate during the Donkpires occupation of Flower Heart. After the end of the war Privyazannost' Mal'chika took a small vacation back at his old home at The Heart where he met Another Wagon. The two soon fell in love, and the two gave birth to a mule named Vagon.

After Vagon grew up Privyazannost' Mal'chika returned to the Senate where he helped to endorse ideas by the Flower Heart Military for the Russian - Flower Heart War, which had begun to occur at this time.

During the military lockdown of Flower Heart Privyazannost' Mal'chika was placed in command of the Forward Command Center guarding the Senate Building.

## Trivia

* Due to his long name, Seagindauz gave him the nickname "Mal'chika".

* Privyazannost' Mal'chika is the only Donkey on the Flower Heart senate.
* Translated to English Privyazannost' Mal'chika's name means "Boy Affection"
Ugrosaurus

Ugrosaurus is a herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaur discovered in the Hell Creek Formation, Montana. The type species, Ugrosaurus olsoni, was given by Cobabe and Fastovsky in 1987. It is a synonym Triceratops.

## JPInstitute.com Description

Ugrosaurus may be a Triceratops Scientists have found only a few bones of this dinosaur in Montana. Although it has its own name, it is now thought that it is probably a Triceratops Just like people can look different, not every dinosaur of the same type looked exactly the same. Sometimes these individual differences can be confusing to scientists.

## Links

https://web.archive.org/web/20080821115456/http://kids.yahoo.com/dinosaurs/424--Ugrosaurus
Flower Heart

Flower Heart is the titular city in the Flower Heart World that has been founded by FireKnight2018 and Seagindauz.

## Flower Heart

### Political Leader

Tri-Villager Council - PastNew Villager Council - Present

## Overveiw

Flower Heart as a city is separated into many different areas, The Main City, Mountain Regions, and the Political District.

### The Main City

The Main City of Flower Heart is the area with the largest concentration of buildings and landmarks.

## Leaders

The Leaders of Flower Heart consist of Mayors, and and Donkistic Leaders. only two people have been able to obtain the prestigious title of mayor within Flower Heart, those two have been Flower Hearts founders, FireKnight2018 and Seagindauz. FireKnight2018 assumed the title of Mayor since the founding of Flower Heart, only resigning after deeming himself not fit after killing Cake Jr. and accidentally almost killing Bondy Boi. After FireKnight2018 resigned he gave Seagindauz title of mayor who still has it to this day. For Donkistic leaders there has also only been two with those being Donk 3, and The Donk King.

## Political Structure

With Flower Heart not located within a state the political structure consists of a Mayor, along with Donkistic Leaders. While the Mayors do have almost all the power the Tri Villager Council is still powerful enough to work against the wishes of mayors with dire consequences befalling the mayors If not obeyed.

## The City

Flower Heart is divided into many different areas, the main city the Mountain Territories
Othnielia

*Othnielia rex*

* Timothy Bradley Artwork
* Robert F Walters Artwork

Othnielia is a synonym of Nanosaurus.

## JPInstitute.com Description

Othnielia was a little plant-eater that was named after one of the most important men in the study and collection of dinosaurs, Othniel C. Marsh. Othnielia was discovered in 1877 by Marsh himself, but he named it incorrectly. It was exactly 100 years later, in 1977, that the dinosaur was given its new name.

There is still disagreement over the assignment of this dinosaur. Despite having a great deal of fossil material, its relation to the hypsilophodonts is questioned. Dr. Bakker and others have suggested that it should not be considered a member of this primitive family because it is too advanced.

## Dinosaur Field Guide Description

Othnielia (after Othniel C. Marsh) was originally found in the 1870s at Garden Park near Canyon City, Colorado. This is one of the most famous Jurassic quarries in the world and has given the world such dinosaurs as Allosaurus, Ceratosaurus, and Stegosaurus. Despite years of searching, scientists have not found many ornithopods from the Late Jurassic Period. What we do know is that most of these were small, fast, agile plant-eaters with a single row of leaf-cutting teeth. The arms were proportionally small, making these dinosaurs back-heavy. This gave them better balance while running on their well-muscled hind limbs. Othnielia's teeth have a short crown with a root that extends four times longer. The dinosaur must have eaten soft plants, because the whole tooth is too small to eat any of the hard plant parts. (This left hard, fibrous plants to be eaten by the larger sauropods.) As one of the smallest dinosaurs, Othnielia made good eating for the juveniles of bigger theropods. Othnielia fossils have been found from hatchling to juvenile sizes. No adult skeletons have yet been found.

### Fun Facts

The young of this small dinosaur Would fit in your hand.

### Trivia

There are no mounted specimens on exhibit anywhere in the world.

## Links

http://web.archive.org/web/20030321092717fw\_/http://www.jpinstitute.com/dinopedia/dinocards/dc\_othni.html#
https://web.archive.org/web/20080720024439/http://kids.yahoo.com/dinosaurs/332--Othnielia
Dried Paint Wiki

**Welcome to the Dried Paint Wiki!**
The Dried Paint Project is a sorta tiny collaborative writing community born from the stupidest of circumstances, but we are proud of it. Think of it like SCP, with multiple different canons managed by different authors, that have the same recurring characters between them, but interpret them in slightly different ways. Anyone, including you, can contribute, so long as you don't do things like interfere with the canons of other writers. If you're new here try checking out the pages of the 8 main characters to familiarize yourself with the generally consistent info maintained between them through canons. Alternatively, you can read the much more in-depth Introduction page.

## Important articles

PlaceholderA page about your topicPlaceholderA Main CharacterPlaceholderThe First EpisodePlaceholderAn Important LocationPlaceholderA Key EventPlaceholderA Crucial Item

*Need help building out this community?*

* Getting Started
* How to Contribute
* Managing your new community
* Guides
* All Help articles

You can also be part of the larger Fandom family of communities. Visit Fandom's Community Central!
Brown

Brown is one of the original eight characters in the Dried Paint project. Her main personality trait is her lack thereof - she is a completely boring, benign character, and is average at everything. Average at talking, average at lock picking, average at bomb defusal, average at understanding the language of the universe. We mean everything. Her lack of opinions can make her indecisive at times.
Donk Eternal

The Donk Eternal is a secret Russian cult that seeks to resurrect The Donk King in Flower Heart.

## Organization

The Donk Eternal consisted of a cult made of Russian cultists and the remaining Donkpireal remnant that has been secretly operating since the end of the Flower Heart Civil War. The cult has been operating on The Moon secretly with the intent of successfully cloning The Donk King.

## History

After the death of The Donk King and the end of the Donkpire, The Donk King's apprentice Count Poopoo rounded up a group of Russians, under the permission of the Russian leader Rasputin to begin a cult to clone The Donk King, and end Flower Heart. After creating a secret grotto, witch the cult would operate out of the cloning of Donk King began.

After multiple unseccessful cloning attempts an almost perfect clone of Donk King was created. After the cloning was complete the Donk Eternal ordered the cloning of an army, witch would become the military of The Donk Eternal, and a sub-sect of the Russian military. The Donk Eternal would order the army under Count Poopoo's surname "Darth Tight Anus". After the cloning of the army was successful Seagindauz and FireKnight2018 went to the Nether to meet this "Darth Tight-Anus" where they would find Count Poopoo surrounded by Russians, after killing the Russians Count Poopoo revealed his master was hiding on The Moon.

After hearing this, Seagindauz and FireKnight went to The Moon, witch was now covered in Donk Eternal flags to find the Donk Eternal Grotto, with the clone of The Donk King, along with multiple Russians. After his discovery FireKnight killed The Donk King clone and escaped The Moon.

Although the clone was killed the cultists successfully cloned another Donk King, ready to destroy Flower Heart.

## Star Wars Inspiration

The Donk Eternal is heavily based on the Sith Eternal from Star Wars: Episode IX The Rise of Skywalker.
Battle of Curve Heart Pond

The **Battle of Curve Heart Pond** was a battle between FireKnight2018 and an Ender Dragon in Flower Heart.

## Prelude

After Donk's death Seagindauz went into exile in the Exile Home, and got a new donkey named Crunchy. During the night FireKnight approached Seagindauz and informed him of the powers of command blocks, soon summoning lightning and accidentally killing Crunchy. After killing Crunchy he tested the command block's power and cloned Donk. After cloning Donk FireKnight got greedy and attempted to summon the Ender Dragon, and he would kicking Seagindauz out of the world, and potentially dooming Flower Heart.

## Battle

After summoning it the Ender Dragon went straight for Flower Heart, creating the Curve Heart Pond Chasm, and due to the bugginess of two Ender Dragons in the world (don't worry ill continue don't tell anybody)
Llama Senator

Llama Senator is a Llama owned by FireKnight2018 in Flower Heart.

## History

Llama Senator was created to be a member of the Flower Heart Senate. He was elected to be the next representative of Llamas in the senate after Obama was imprisoned. He is commonly at every Senate Meeting and makes many important votes for Flower Heart.
Introduction

This page is for any newcomers who somehow happened to wander into this wiki with no idea on what it's about.

#### What is the Dried Paint Project?

The Dried Paint Project is a collaborative-writing project with no true canon. It's a collection of varied universes that uses the same set of characters, but depending on the author of the specific writing you are reading, the characters and setting are interpreted differently. Every character is some sort of personified color. There aren't many restrictions on what you can write for it, so long as it's something that is at least mildly consistent with the general personality types of the eight main characters. The eight main characters are Brown, Light Mustard, Military Green, Perrywinkle, Celery, Yellow Orange, Rose Red, and Cinnamon.

It all started with a small friend group consisting of people bored out of their minds, who discovered a "Watch paint dry" simulator on the internet where they could just watch paint dry at random speeds that fluctuate. It's based purely on luck, but we decided to try it anyways with the eight default colors it gave us. We got incredibly hyped over it and decided to personify the eight different colors who's journeys we were witness too. This eventually spiraled into the creation of this wiki. There are things like fanfic, fanart, and some people even considering making games. Really any medium for content is acceptable, but they're all held to the same standard.

#### What are the rules?

Every canon in the Dried Paint project interprets a character differently, but generally speaking, they're all in the same sort of ballpark, or fall underneath the same kind of archetype, and any fan content created should maintain that. For instance, Rose Red in one canon might travel with rollerskates, while another canon has her use skateboards. This is fine because there aren't any huge significant alterations made to her personality, however if you make a canon where Rose Red's entire personality suddenly revolves around an inexplicable fascination with the neurological system, then your canon has problems.

Each canon should at least feature the main eight in it to be considered good. Oh and by the way this is kinda like Touhou because every character is a girl and lesbian.