recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Anderson and Dill (2000)

This is a study related to Topic C, Aggression. It supports the social/nurture side of the debate. It is a key study in the syllabus and you are expected to now the aim, procedure, findings/results, conclusion and evaluation of the study.

## Aim

Anderson and Dill wanted to see whether people who played violent video games became aggressive.

## Procedure

Independent variable - type of video game participants played

Dependent variable - level of aggression shown after playing the game

* They conducted a laboratory experiment where 210 psychology students were split into two groups and were asked to play either a violent game or a non-violent game.
* They were told the study was about motor skills, to hide the aim of the study.
* After playing for a while they were asked to begin a competitive game with the opponent involving a reaction test. The person who pressed the button fastest would be able to give the opponent the punishment of a blast of loud noise. The winner would be able to set the volume and duration of the noise inflicted on the opponent.

## Findings/Results

* Loudest and longest blasts of noise were given from participants who played the violent game.
* Interestingly women gave greater punishments to their opponents than men.

## Conclusion

* Playing violent video games increased level of aggression in participants, particularly women.

* It made them think in an aggressive way and that long-term use could result in permanent aggressive thought patterns

## Evaluation

Strengths:

* It was a laboratory experiment, researchers had a lot of control over the participants. Same instructions and procedure were the same.
* Findings of the study are useful in the real world, it tells us that we need to have age restrictions for video games because they might adversely affect the behaviour of young people.

Weaknesses:

* Participants may have guessed the aim of the study, because they knew it was a psychology experiment.
* Participants may have acted more/less aggressive because they knew they were being watched in a cubicle . They may not have behaved in the same way if they would have been alone
* Participants were tricked, not given the full aims of the study, so they couldn't give fully informed consent. They may also have felt stressed out when giving/receiving loud blasts of noise.
Gestalt's Theory

You need to know:

* The Gestalt laws
* Visual illusions that use Gestalt's theory
* Strengths and Weaknesses

**Description:**

He uses his three laws of proximity, closure, and continuity to explain many illusions. His idea of figure-ground also explains many illusions. His theory suggests that we organize parts of a stimulus into a whole.

**Strengths:**

Explains ambiguous figures well, using law of closure. Figure-ground explanation can explain many other illusions.

**Weaknesses:**

 Does not explain any distortions
Theilgaard (1984)

Theilgaar'd study is a key study that you need to know in the syllabus for Topic E, criminality. It supports the biological explanation of criminality. You need to understand it's aim, procedure, results, and findings off by heart.

## Conclusion

slamonella - spelling error - salmonella - not very nice

## Evaluation

 All test and interviews were conducted by a social worker who didn’t know the aim of the study. Interviewer and researcher bias were avoided.
 5ft 10inch willy akilan
 George likes men - those with 5feet 10inches
and 3 inch cocks suck your mum

## Ethics:

People with an XXY chromosome abnormality may turn to crime if they are expected to. They may more likely to be blamed for a crime. They may be punished more severely if they become criminals. HELLO ADAM

just why tho

im not gonna lie ur editing it thinking ur funny ur actually just a an inconvenient prick for ppl who r tryna revise and don’t want to a useless incel cunt like you
Palmer (1975)

You need to know:

* The aim
* The procedure
* The results/findings
* The conclusion
* The evaluation

## Aim:

To find out whether a schema influences recognition of object

## Procedure:

* Lab experiment
* Ps shown visual scenes to provide a context
* They were then shown an object to identify
* This either matched the scene or didn’t
* The number of correctly identified objects was counted

## Results

* Most object identified from appropriate scenes
* Least objects identified from inappropriate scenes
* Results for no context in between these two
* What were the appropiate, inappropriate scenes and what were the objects identified?!?!?!?!?!?!?!

## Conclusion

* Appropriate context helps with perception
* Because expectations are based on perceptual set/schema

## Evaluation

Strengths:

* If Ps had forgotten their eyes so they weren’t used in the experiment
* So differences in the results were not due to differences in vision
* Timing was controlled
* So differences between conditions were not due to some situations being easier
* im falling psychology tmrw pls help!!!!!

Weaknesses:

* Ps might have worked out what the experimenter wanted to find
* So they would try harder to identify the object in the matching condition
* Ps did all four conditions so might have been muddled
Ramirez et al (2001)

This is a study into culture and aggression. In this syllabus you must be able to describe the aim, procedure, findings/results, conclusion and evaluation of this study. It is a key study in Topic C.

## Aim

To investigate whether aggression varied between cultures, and how aggression varied between males and females.

## Procedure

Involved 400 psychology students who volunteered to participate, half in Japan and half in Spain. Asked to complete a questionnaire that measured verbal aggression, physical aggression, anger and hostility. These questionnaires included Likert-style questions.

## Findings/Results

1. Ramirez found that Japanese students showed more physical aggression than Spanish students.
2. Spanish students showed more verbal aggression and anger than Japanese students.
3. Males showed more physical and verbal aggression and hostility than females in both cultures.
4. Male and females in both cultures showed the same level of anger.

## Conclusion

Japanese males and females were more physically aggressive but more Spanish students were more verbally aggressive. Males were more aggressive than females.

## Evaluation

**Strengths:**

 The questions produce quantitative data so cannot be interpreted differently by researchers.

All students had volunteered and were fully aware that the results would be published - it was an ethical study.

**Weaknesses:**

 Some questionnaires were criticized because the answers can be interpreted in such a way that they meet the expectations of the researcher.

All the participants were psychology students they may have guessed the aim of the study or answered questions in a socially desirable way.

Students may have answered the questions according to how they think they would act, but in real life situations they may be unlikely to behave that way.
Heinrichs et al (2005)

**Heinrichs et al is a study that supports the social side of the nature-nurture debate of phobias. It is a study into social anxiety and cultural norms and how they affect the behaviour of people within that culture.**

 Some background information:

A **'collectivist'** society is a society that has strong social norms, more pressure is put on people to fit in.

An **'individualistic'** society is a society that has weak social norms, there is little pressure put on people to fit in.

Here are the countries used in the study:

**Individualistic cultures:    Less social norms**

 USA, Australia, Canada, The Netherlands, Germany

**Collectivist cultures:        More social norms**

 Spain, Korea, Japan

## Aim

They wanted to see if being brought up in differences cultures affected social anxiety and fear of blushing.

## Procedure

909 psychology students were tested. From 8 unis and 8 different countries. Volunteered to take part. They were divided into two groups, collectivist or individualistic cultures based on the cultures in where they lived. Given a short description of a social situation and asked to say how they would react. If they said they would speak up/answer the problem that would be a low anxiety answer. If they said they would do nothing that would be a high anxiety answer.

## Results

**Highest social anxiety:** Japan Korea Spain

**Middle:** USA Canada

**Lowest social anxiety:** Australia The Netherlands Germany

## Conclusion

Collectivist cultures show greater social anxiety and fear of blushing than individualistic cultures, because they have stricter rules about acceptable behaviour. If someone breaks a social norm they will experience a greater punishment, makes them more anxious. The behaviour of an individual affects the whole group. In individualistic cultures a high value is placed on individuality. It is important to stand out from the crowd, shyness may be a burden.

## Nature-Nurture Debate

Relates to the development of fears and phobias. Explains that culture determines how we think and act, family and friends teach us these social norms so that we fit in. Culture can actually make us anxious or confident in social situations.
Keywords in Topic A

## KEY TERMINOLOGY

SCHEMA: A framework of knowledge about an object, event or group of people that can affect our perception and help us to organise information and recall what we have seen.

PERCEPTUAL SET: The tendency to notice some things more than others. This can be caused by experience, context or expectations.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: the factor which is changed by the researcher in an experiment to make two or more conditions.

DEPENDENT VARIABLE: the factor which is measured in an experiment

CONTROL: the factor(s) which are kept unchanged to measure the impact of the independent variable

SERIAL REPRODUCTION: a task where a piece of information is passed from one participant to the next in a chain or ‘series’. Differences between each version are measured.

REPEATED PRODUCTION: a task where the participant is given a story or picture to remember. They then recall it several times after time delays. Differences between each version are measured.

RECONSTRUCTIVE MEMORY: recalled material is not just a ‘copy’ of what we see or hear. Information is stored and when it is remembered it is ‘rebuilt’, so can be affected by extra information and by ideas (like schemas) we might already have.
Social Learning Theory - Aggression

This is the social learning theory of aggression. Don't get confused with the social learning theory of phobias.

**Main idea:** Children learn aggression from watching and learning from role models

**Observational learning:**

1. Attention: paying attention to the person being observed
2. Memory: being able to remember what we have seen until it is needed
3. Reproduction: being able to act out what we have seen. (modelling)
4. Motivation: the incentive to copy what we have seen

**Role models:** The person we observe and learn from

**Identification:** we identify with the role model. we adopt similar behaviours and attitudes of the role model. We become like them

**Vicarious reinforcement:** Learning through the positive consequences of other people’s actions rather than first hand

## Bandura (1961)

(not a key study)

Bandura tested the idea that children copy and identify role models. Children observed an adult playing aggressively with the BoBo doll and later copied that behaviour. If the adult was punished the child would be less likely to copy. But if the adult was rewarded they were more likely to copy. He found that boys were more likely to copy male adults than female adults. Boys were also more likely to copy physical aggression than girls. Supports the idea that children can learn aggression.

## Evaluating social learning theory as an explanation of aggression

**Strengths:**

* Bandura’s study supports social learning theory because he found that children do copy aggression.
* Many tragedies, such as school shootings have been linked to TV and video game violence.

'*'***Weaknesses:**

* It could be that aggressive children watch aggression on TV and play violent video games rather than being affected by them. They could be naturally aggressive.
* SLT is difficult to measure because they may be a time lapse between watching and copying, making it difficult to establish whether watching results in modeling
* Many children watch violent but not all children copy it, and there may be other factors such as bilogy making them more aggressive
Comparing Social and Biological Theories of Aggression

## Nature-Nurture Debate

The Nature-Nurture debate is an on going discussion about whether our behaviour is caused by our biology (nature) or the environment around us (nurture).

## Biological Theory

Sees aggression as something that comes from our body, we are born with it. Testosterone in the body and damage to the amygdala can also cause aggression. See the Biological Theory for more.

## Social Learning Theory

Believes that we can learn aggression from people around us. We are motivated to be aggressive from observing other people. See Social Learning Theory for more.

## Problems with the theories

They are both difficult to study because we cannot open people's brains to investigate their brains, we cannot easily test the effects of observational learning over a long period of time. There are ethical reasons of testing on people, making it difficult to test.

## Similarities and Differences

Similarities and Differences between theories.

Similarities:

* Both theories cannot prove causality, the reverse may be true
* Both are difficult to study directly; observed media can be imitated with a delay so hard to study, the limbic system is unethical to study in live humans
* Social learning theory ignores influence of biology, biological theory ignores influences of environment

Differences:

* The biological approach states that aggression comes from within us
* Whereas Social Learning theory says that it comes from sources in our environment
* Social Learning theory is nurture, Biological theory is nature

## Nature-Nurture Debate example answer

**Evaluate the nature argument in the debate on understanding aggression. 4 marks**

Objective measures can be taken of hormone levels which are scientific. (1) Animal studies have been conducted to show that increased testosterone levels leads to aggression. (1) However the human brain is difficult to study because we cannot directly damage the human brain, studies must stay ethical. (1) There are also alternative theories such as Social Learning Theory that suggests that aggression is caused through the observation and imitation of violent people. (1)

**What is a weakness of the Social Learning Theory? 2 marks**

It could be that aggressive children seek out aggressive content (1), which is a cause and effect relationship, so aggressive TV does not affect their behavior. (1)

Some children do not imitate aggressive content after watching it. (1) In Charlton et al's study, it was found that TV had little effect on children's behavior. (1)

There are also biological factors that may be affecting aggression in children. (1)
Childrearing

Childrearing strategies may be a cause of criminality.

## Induction

Involves explaining to a child what it is they have done wrong and what are the consequences of their actions. It helps a child identify their wrongdoings and see how their behaviour has affected other people. It encourages empathy as the child learns to see from another person's perspective.

## Love withdrawal

A parent withdraws their affection for their child to make them feel guilty for their bad behaviour. The parent's disapproval is shown by imposing conditions on their love for the child; saying they do not love them when they are bad. The child's feelings are manipulated in such a way that they do not develop a clear sense of individuality and independence because they have been rejected.

## Power assertion

A parent smacks the child or tells them off. The child may be criticised openly by a parent and is threatened with punishment to make them behave.
Role of a Forensic Psychologist

## Job

* works in courts to uncover psychological issues
* looks at psychological aspects of criminal activity
* looks at psychological issues to do with treating criminals

## Summary of main tasks

* sets up treatment programmes, evaluates them
* work with offender behaviour to look at the needs of prisoners
* research, gathers data for a review
* may give evidence in court, analyzes crime
* work with other agencies, assessing problems
* developing policies

## Becoming a forensic psychologist

* works for prison services
* social services
* Self-employed basis, consultants
* university departments, research and teaching

## Skills required

* observation
* good communication
* writing
* listening
* understanding body language

## Qualifications required

* Recognised by the BPS
* degree in psychology , specialist degree
* work experience
* tend to have chartered status

## Treatments for Offenders

Carried out by Forensic Psychologists.

Examples.

1. Anger Management: Assess them for underlying issues using this to direct treatment. The forensic psychologist tries to identify triggers for prisoners aggression. They would be taught to try and identify the triggers. Relaxation and avoidance techniques will be taught. They will be taught to recognise signs of anger. They would try to practice these triggers in role play. They will be taught that anger is an inappropriate response to a situation.
2. Token economy: Assess the behaviour possible and rewards that would be effective for the offender. The forensic psychologist would identify typical reinforcements for the offender population, such as extra time with family. They would clearly establish behaviours she would want the offenders to display. Good behaviour would include cooperation and avoiding conflict.
Topic B - Is dreaming meaningful?

## Content

1. Freud's dream theory
2. How neurons send messages
3. Hobson and McCarley's activation-synthesis theory, concepts of random activation, sensory blockade and movement inhibition. Evaluation of this theory.
4. Compare and evaluate Freud's dream theory to Hobson and McCarley's.
5. Methodology: reliability, generalisability
6. Ethics issues: privacy and confidentiality
7. The case study method: features and evaluation
8. Dream analysis of Little Hans - phobia of horses
9. Evaluation of dream analysis
10. Role of psychoanalyst
11. How psychological sleep disorders are treatedClick here to see Topic B example exam questions, answered and explained for you.

## Key Terminology - Freud

This topic contains a lot of key terminology, much more than any other unit. See Freud for more, this now appears under Freud as well.

1. **Manifest content**: story dreamer tells
2. **Latent content:** the underlying meaning of the dream
3. **Condensation:** when many thoughts and elements from the unconscious are represented in one symbol
4. **Displacement:** when something seems to be unimportant but is actually important
5. **Secondary Elaboration:** when the dreamer changes the dream to make sense of it
6. **Psychoanalysis:** Freud's therapy that helps release unconscious thoughts
7. **Dream analysis:** analyzing dreams and uncovering symbols
8. **Slip of the tongue:** when someone uses the wrong word for something
9. **Free association:** patient expresses a free flow of consciousness

## Key Terminology - Activation Synthesis

See activation-synthesis for more details. This now also appears in activation-synthesis.

1. **Neuron:** a cell in the body that sends electrical and chemical messages
2. **Axon:** cell body of a neuron
3. **Impulse:** electrical signal
4. **Neurotransmitter:** chemical released by impulse
5. **Synaptic gap:** gap between the dendrites of one neuron and the next
6. **Synaptic transmission:** when a neurotransmitter crosses the synaptic gap
7. **Activation synthesis model:** model of dreaming that believes it is biological, dreams are random
8. **Random activation:** during REM sleep neurons are randomly activated
9. **Sensory blockade:** during REM sleep no information enters through the senses
10. **Movement inhibition:** during REM sleep the body is paralyzed

## Key Terminology - Methodology

This now appears under Methodology. See Methodology for more.

1. **Qualitative data:** open-ended questions, interviews, long answers, detailed data
2. **Quantitative data:** numerical data, yes/no questions, one answer questions/answers
3. **Reliability:** refers to whether the findings from a study could be found again if repeated
4. **Privacy:** ethical guideline, names must not be recorded and they must not be identifiable
5. **Confidentiality:** ethical guideline, information gained must not be shared with others without permission
Bartlett (1932)

You need to know:

* The aim
* The procedure
* The results/findings
* The conclusion
* The evaluation

Click here to read "War of the Ghosts", the story used in this experiment.

## Aim:

To investigate how and why information changes with each reproduction.

## Procedure:

Serial: Participants read War of the Ghosts. They then repeated the story to the next person. This was done with several chains of participants.

Serial reproduction:  Participants pass information from one participant to another

Repeated: Participants were tested separately. They are told the story done at different intervals for different participants.

Repeated reproduction: Participants are divided into groups. Each group does a different condition.

## Results:

* Form of the story stays constant
* Details such as names and numbers are often lost
* People often make stereotypical assumptions
* Events become less complicated
* Secondary elaboration - incorrect details often added

## Evaluation:

**Strengths:)**

Both repeated and serial reproduction tasks were done many times. Other stories were also used, shows that changes weren't just special to 'War of the Ghosts'

**Weaknesses**

By choosing unfamiliar material, Bartlett could not be sure what changes would happen with familiar materia ll
Comparing Dream Theories

In the syllabus you are required to compare Freud's theory with Hobson and McCarley's theory. You need to say how their theories are different, how their testing was different, and their strengths and weaknesses.

## Theory

**Freud:**

 - Dreams have meaning

- Related to real life

- Dreamwork can be used to decode dreams

- About nurture, unconscious desires

**Hobson and McCarley:**

 - Dreams are random, have no meaning

- Not related to life events, they are caused by random activation

- Biological

## Methodology

**Freud:**

 - Case studies

- Little Hans

- Dream analysis

- Free association

- Slip of the tongue

**Hobson and McCarley:**

 - Neurotransmitter

- Animal experiments

- Brain scans

- EEG tests (electrical activity)

## Strengths

**Freud's theory:**

**Strengths**

- Uses case studies and dream analysis

- Dreams have meaning with the story giving symbols, clues to the unconscious

- Both nature and nurture. Powerful unconscious is nature but contents of dream is nurture

**Weakness**

-Lacks credibility, lack of scientific methods and unlikely explanation

 - Subjective, evidence was interpreted by Freud

**Hobson and McCarley's theory:**

**Strengths**

 - Objective, uses scientific measurements

- Credible because of scientific methods

- Uses scanning and experiments

**Weakness**

- Dreams have no meaning, random and meaningless

- Nature, dreaming is part of the way the body and the brain work
Convicted Offenders - Ethical issues

There are a number of ethical issues with using convicted offenders in psychological research.

Taken from mark scheme.

* Prisoners may feel pressured to take part in research
* This is because they are in a vulnerable situation and do not want to appear negative
* They may fear reprisal if they do not co-operate
* The findings of research may have issues, such as parent/individual blaming
* This could have negative implications for the individual or family such as victimisation of prison inmates or their families
* As prisoners have the same rights as participants in any psychological study
훗 (Hoot)

Capa do mini-álbum 훗 (Hoot)

**훗 (Hoot)** é uma canção do girl group sul-coreano Girls' Generation, lançada em 27 de outubro de 2010, como single principal do mini-álbum de mesmo nome. No mini-álbum, aparece como a faixa número 1.

## Informação

Letra
Lee Hyun-kyu, Lars Halvor Jensen, Martin Michael Larsson, Alexander James
Composição
Lars Halvor Jensen, Martin Michael Larsson, Alexander James
Arranjo
Lars Halvor Jensen, Martin Michael Larsson, Alexander James
Gestalt laws

You need to know:

* The Gestalt Laws
* Proximity, Closure, Continuity, Similarity, Figure-ground
* Illusions that the Gestalt theory can explain
* Evaluation of the Gestalt Theory

## Summary

He uses his laws of proximity, closure, continuity, similarity and figure-ground to explain many illusions. His idea of figure-ground also explains many illusions. His theory suggests that we organize parts of a stimulus into a whole.

**Proximity:** objects which are close together are perceived to be related.

In the picture of the dots, you can see that the blue dots are viewed as a group because they are close to each other.

**Continuity:** straight lines, curves and shapes are perceived to carry on being the same.

In the picture of the dots, you can see that the blue dots are a group because they are in straight lines and they continue on and on.

**Closure**: lines or shapes are perceived as complete figures even if parts are missing.

**Similarity:** objects that are similar shape are viewed as together/a group.

In the picture of the dots, you can see that the yellow dots nd the blue dots are viewed as separate groups, because they are not similar.

**Figure Ground:** We tend to split images into figure and ground in order to make sense of the visual scene. The more complex figure is the 'figure' and the less complex figure is the 'ground'. In a photo of a black cup against a white background, the black cup will be the 'figure' and the white background will be the 'ground'.

## The Kaniza Triangle

The Kaniza Triangle is a good example of an Illusion that Gestalt's theory can explain. It is a fiction illusion. This is an illusion that you must learn in Gestalt's theory, it helps you understand Gestalt's theory better, and you can use it when discussing strengths/weaknesses.

The Kaniza Triangle uses the Gestalt laws of closure and figure-ground. We see a white triangle in the middle of the picture, but actually the triangle is not there, we use closure to fill in the space so that the image makes sense to us. The Gestalt theory says that when we see a figure that is incomplete we make a 'whole' shape, which becomes the figure.

## Strengths

* Provides a good explanation for ambiguous figures
* Can explain figures using his law of closure
* Can use figure-ground to explain many illusions

## Weaknesses

However it cannot explain any distortions

There is a problem with the Kaniza Triangle, according to the law of closure we should see a six pointed star but we see 2 triangles instead.
Ying

**Default**

(Common)

**Seer**

(Common)
 **Seer collection**
 160   •  30000

**Snapdragon**

(Rare)
 **Snapdragon collection**

**Quicksilver**

(Rare, Exclusive)
 **Quicksilver collection**

**Obsidian Ying**

(Rare)
 **Obsidian Ying collection**
 Mastery Required: **14**
 160   •  30000

**Convention 2017**

(Legendary, Limited)
 **Convention 2017 collection**

**Replicant**

(Epic)
 **Replicant collection**
 400   •

**Genie**

(Epic, Exclusive)
 **Genie collection**

**Cosmic Ying**

(Epic)
 **Cosmic Ying collection**
 Mastery Required: **20**
 200   •  40000     •

**Carnival**

(Epic, Exclusive)
 **Carnival collection**
Madon (2004)

Madon's 2004 study fits into Topic E - Criminality. It is a key study that you need to learn in this syllabus. It supports the social side of the nature-nurture debate. It is about the self-fulfilling prophecy. You will need to know it's aim, procedure, results/findings, conclusion/evaluation.

## Aim

To see if a parent’s expectations of their child’s drinking habits would become a reality.

## Procedure

Questioned 115 children aged between 12 and 13 and their parents. They were asked to guess how much alcohol their child regularly drank/would drink over the coming year. Then after a year, the children were asked about how much they actually drank.

## Results/Findings

Madon found that the children who drank the most alcohol were the ones whose parents had predicted a greater use of alcohol. It only took one parent to have a negative opinion about their child’s drinking habits to show a relationship with high levels of drinking. However, the child seemed at greater risk of higher alcohol use if both parents had negative beliefs.

## Conclusion

The study showed that a parent’s prediction of their child’s alcohol use was very accurate. The parent’s expectations were consistent with alcohol use after 12 months. It could be concluded that this is a self for filling prophecy because what the parent expected came true. It may show that a parents beliefs can have a massive influence on a child behaviour.

## Evaluation

More valid, true
 Gives strong warning to parents about holding negative beliefs about their children
Mainpage welcome

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Kitten chat skin thing

code being used

```
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}
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.User img {
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.Rail {
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}
.public .wordmark img {
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    top: -15px;
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.Chat .time {
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.ChatHeader .User, .Chat .username, .User .username {
    font-family:Eras ITC;
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```
Ice Cream Cake

Capa do mini-álbum Ice Cream Cake

**Ice Cream Cake** é uma canção do girl group sul-coreano Red Velvet, lançada em 15 de março de 2015, como single principal do mini-álbum de mesmo nome. No mini-álbum, aparece como a faixa número 1.

## Informação

Letra
Cho Yoon-kyung
Composição
Hayley Aitken, Sebastian Lundberg, Fredrik Haggstam, Johan Gustafson, A.K.A Trinity Music
Arranjo
Hayley Aitken, Sebastian Lundberg, Fredrik Haggstam, Johan Gustafson, A.K.A Trinity Music
Somethin Kinda Crazy

Capa do mini-álbum Ice Cream Cake

**Somethin Kinda Crazy** é uma canção do girl group sul-coreano Red Velvet, lançada em 17 de março de 2015, como faixa do mini-álbum Ice Cream Cake. No mini-álbum, aparece como a faixa número 3.

## Informação

Letra
Kenzie, Teddy Riley, DOM
Composição
Charlotte Taft, Kenzie, Teddy Riley, DOM
Arranjo
Charlotte Taft, Kenzie, Teddy Riley, DOM
Miststream's Wikia

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Wicked •
The Wizard of Oz
Hitchhiker

Hitchhiker promovendo o single digital 11 (ELEVEN)

**Choi Jin-woo** (em coreano: 최진우) (Incheon, 6 de abril de 1971) mais conhecido somente como **Hitchhiker** (em coreano: 히치하이커) e previamente como DJ Jinu ou Jinu (지누), é um cantor, produtor, compositor e DJ sul-coreano. Hitchhiker estreou como artista solo em 1996, e foi integrante da banda de rock Roller Coaster. Com o fim da banda, Hitchhiker mudou seu nome artístico para o atual, e passou a trabalhar como produtor e compositor para diversos artistas, entre eles, aristas da SM Entertainment, como BoA, Super Junior, Girls' Generation e f(x).

Hitchhiker possui apenas uma canção no SuperStar SMTOWN, 11 (ELEVEN), que também é o único hidden stage do jogo.
Run Devil Run

Capa do álbum Run Devil Run

**Run Devil Run** é uma canção do girl group sul-coreano Girls' Generation, lançada em 17 de março de 2010, como single principal do álbum de mesmo nome. No álbum, que é a versão repackage do álbum Oh!, aparece como a faixa número 1.

## Informação

Letra
Hong Ji-yoo
Composição
Mike Busbee, Alex James, Kalle Engström,
Arranjo
Mike Busbee, Alex James, Kalle Engström,
Cards

Os **Cards** são utilizados para aumentar a pontuação durante uma partida, sendo parte essencial do jogo. Eles são divididos em 5 graus: C, B, A, S e R. Os cards podem ser obtidos através das músicas (quando desbloqueadas), challenge completo, em eventos do jogo e também através da compra de packs com 5, 10 ou 30 cards.

Nos packs normais, comprados com RP, é possível obter cards C, B, A e S. Nos packs premium, comprados com diamantes, é possível obter cards cards B, A e S. Os cards de grau R não podem ser comprados, apenas feitos ou recebidos como prêmio de algum evento.

## Graus

### C

É o grau mais baixo de cards, e o mais fácil de se obter. Os cards de grau C são básicos, e são recebidos após o desbloqueamento de uma música ou challenge completo. Através de um card C é possível fazer cards de qualquer outro grau, a partir de power up e upgrade. Podem ser comprados apenas nos packs normais de card. Podem ser vendidos a 200 RP. É possível melhorar o card até C★5.

### B

É o grau médio de cards, e também é bastante fácil de se obter. Os cards de grau B podem ser feitos através da junção de dois cards de grau C (upgrade). Podem ser obtidos através de eventos e do sistema de presença. Podem ser comprados nos packs normais e pack premium de card. Podem ser vendidos a 600 RP. É possível melhorar o card até B★5.

### A

É o grau alto de cards, por isso é mais complicado de se obter do que um card B. Os cards de grau A podem ser feitos através da junção de dois cards de grau B (upgrade). Podem ser obtidos através de eventos e do sistema de presença (packs de aniversário). Podem ser comprados nos packs normais (raramente) e pack premium de card. Podem ser vendidos a 1200 RP. É possível melhorar o card até A★5.

### S

É o grau muito alto de cards, obtido raramente pelos jogadores. Os cards de grau S podem ser feitos através da junção de dois cards de grau A (upgrade). Podem ser obtidos principalmente através de eventos e do sistema de presença (packs de aniversário). Podem ser comprados nos packs normais (**muito raramente**) e pack premium de card. Podem ser vendidos a 1800 RP. É possível melhorar o card até S★5.

### R

É o grau máximo de cards, obtido muito raramente pelos jogadores. Os cards de grau R podem ser feitos através da junção de dois cards de grau S (upgrade). Fora isso, só podem ser obtidos através de eventos. Cards R não podem ser comprados. Podem ser vendidos a 2400 RP. O sistema de power up dos cards R é diferente, e se chama rating up. É possível melhorar o card até R★99.
SMTOWN

SMTOWN promovendo o álbum 2011 SMTOWN Winter: The Warmest Gift

### **Integrantes**

**Presentes no jogo:** BoA, TVXQ!, Super Junior, Kyuhyun, Super Junior-D&E, M&D, Ryeowook, Super Junior-M Henry, Zhou Mi, Girls' Generation, Girls' Generation-TTS, Taeyeon, SHINee, Taemin, Jonghyun, f(x), , Amber, EXO-K, EXO-M, Red Velvet, *entre outros*

### **Página oficial**

smtown.com

**SMTOWN** é o nome do projeto musical usado pela SM Entertainment para seus álbuns e turnês de compilação. A SMTOWN reúne todos os artistas sob o selo da gravadora desde 1999.

No jogo, as canções do grupo projeto S.M. The Ballad são creditadas como SMTOWN.

## S.M. The Ballad

**SM The Ballad** (em coreano: 에스엠 더 발라드) é um grupo projeto de balada sul-coreano, formado pela empresa e gravadora SM Entertainment. O grupo estreou em 28 de novembro de 2010, com quatro integrantes: Jay (TRAX), Kyuhyun (Super Junior), Jonghyun (SHINee) e Jino (antigo trainee).

Em 3 de fevereiro de 2014, houve uma grande mudança na formação do grupo para o retorno do mesmo: de quatro integrantes, o grupo passou a ter oito. Os integrantes atuais do grupo são Jonghyun (SHINee), Yesung (Super Junior), Taeyeon (Girls' Generation), Chen (EXO-M), Krystal (f(x)), Zhou Mi (Super Junior-M), Changmin (TVXQ!) e Zhang Liyin.

No jogo, as canções lançadas pelo S.M. The Ballad são creditadas como SMTOWN.
Devil

Capa do álbum Devil

**Devil** é uma canção da boy band sul-coreana Super Junior, lançada em 16 de julho de 2015, como single principal do álbum de mesmo nome. No álbum, aparece como a faixa número 1.

## Informação

Letra
Kenzie
Composição
Kenzie, The Stereotypes, Micah Powell
Arranjo
Kenzie, The Stereotypes, Micah Powell
Ryeowook

Ryeowook promovendo o mini-álbum The Little Prince

**Kim Ryeo-wook** (em coreano: 김려욱) (Incheon, 21 de junho de 1987) mais conhecido somente como Ryeowook (estilizado como **RYEOWOOK**), é um cantor-compositor e ator sul-coreano. Ele é integrante da boy band sul-coreana Super Junior e da sub-unit Super Junior-M. Ryeowook estreou como artista solo no dia 28 de janeiro de 2016, com o single 어린왕자 (The Little Prince), que faz parte de seu primeiro mini-álbum, The Little Prince.

Antes de estrear como artista solo, Ryeowook participou de diversos musicais, além de ser o DJ do programa de rádio Super Junior Kiss The Radio (Sukira).
Sexy, Free & Single

Capa do álbum Sexy, Free & Single

**Sexy, Free & Single** é uma canção da boy band sul-coreana Super Junior, lançada em 1º de julho de 2012, como single principal do álbum de mesmo nome. No álbum, aparece como a faixa número 1.

## Informação

Letra
Yoo Young-jin
Composição
Daniel "Obi" Klein, Thomas Sardorf, Lasse Lindorff
Arranjo
Daniel "Obi" Klein, Thomas Sardorf, Lasse Lindorff
다시 만난 세계

Capa do single 다시 만난 세계

**다시 만난 세계** (em inglês: Into the New World) é uma canção do girl group sul-coreano Girls' Generation, lançada em 2 de agosto de 2007, como single físico. No single, aparece como a faixa número 1. É a canção de estreia do Girls' Generation.

## Informação

Letra
Kim Jeong-bae
Composição
Kenzie
Arranjo
Kenzie
Морской Бриз

**Морской Бриз** - серый волк с ярко-жёлтыми глазами. Кончики шерсти имеют беловатый оттенок. Волк очень любит ветер, который приносит запах моря. Также он очень любит море и его свежесть.

## Семья

**Мать:**

▪ Яркий Тюльпан; мертва, место обитания: Клан Ясной Луны

**Отец:**

▪ Зоркий Сокол; жив.

**Сестра:**

▪ Дождливая; жива.

**Бабушки:**

▪ Ветряная; жива.

▪ Малина; мертва, место обитания: Клан Ясной Луны.

**Дедушки:**

▪ Смерч; мёртв, место обитания: Клан Ясной Луны.

▪ Зверобой; жив.
Huff n Puff

Capa do álbum The Red

**Huff n Puff** é uma canção do girl group sul-coreano Red Velvet, lançada em 9 de setembro de 2015, como faixa do álbum The Red. No álbum, aparece como a faixa número 2.

## Informação

Letra
Kenzie
Composição
Alex G, Anne Preven, Will Gray, Jaden Michaels
Arranjo
Alex G, Anne Preven, Will Gray, Jaden Michaels
Temas de Card

Os **Cards** são utilizados no jogo para aumentar a pontuação durante uma partida. Além disso, os cards possuem **Temas**, o que também influencia na pontuação. Quanto mais cards de um mesmo tema, maior será a pontuação bônus por tema. Cada artista tem, pelo menos, um tema de card, e, no máximo, quatro temas (exceto os grupos que tiveram temas específicos para eventos), com imagens de seus lançamentos mais recentes. Veja o exemplo de Super Junior-M, que possui três temas:

PerfectionBreak DownSWING
## Temas por Artista

* BoA
* TVXQ!
* ​Super Junior
* Kyuhyun
* Super Junior-D&E
* M&D
* Ryeowook
* Yesung
* Super Junior-M
* Henry
* Zhou Mi
* ​Girls' Generation
* ​Girls' Generation-TTS
* ​Taeyeon
* ​Tiffany
* SHINee
* Taemin
* Jonghyun
* f(x)
* Amber
* Luna
* EXO-K
* EXO-M
* Lay
* EXO-CBX
* Red Velvet
* NCT U - The 7th Sense
* NCT U - Without You
* NCT 127
* NCT Dream
* Hitchhiker
* SMTOWN
Twins (Knock Out)

Capa do álbum SuperJunior05 (no jogo)

**Twins (Knock Out)** é uma canção da boy band sul-coreana Super Junior, lançada em 8 de novembro de 2005, como single principal do álbum SuperJunior05. No álbum, aparece como a faixa número 2. É a canção de estreia do Super Junior.

## Informação

Letra
Yoo Young-jin
Composição
Per Astrom, Anders Bagge, Reed Verteleney, Wayne Hector, Michael Berg Andersson
Arranjo
Per Astrom, Anders Bagge, Reed Verteleney, Wayne Hector, Michael Berg Andersson
U R

Capa do mini-álbum I

**U R** é uma canção da artista musical sul-coreana Taeyeon, lançada em 7 de outubro de 2015, como faixa do mini-álbum I. No mini-álbum, aparece como a faixa número 2.

## Informação

Letra
Cho Yoon-kyung
Composição
Matthew Tishler, Robyn Newman, Ben Charles
Arranjo
Matthew Tishler, Robyn Newman, Ben Charles
TVXQ!

TVXQ! promovendo o álbum Rise As God

**TVXQ!** (em coreano: 동방신기) é uma boy band sul-coreana formada pela empresa e gravadora SM Entertainment. O grupo estreou, inicialmente, com 5 integrantes, em 26 de dezembro de 2003, com o single Hug.

TVXQ! é um dos artistas mais bem-sucedidos da Ásia, devido ao seu êxito imenso e contribuições para o estouro da onda coreana. Desde sua estreia, TVXQ! lançou 8 álbuns coreanos, 8 álbuns japoneses, mais de 20 singles coreanos e mais de 40 singles japoneses. Segundo a parada musical sul-coreana Gaon Chart, TVXQ! vendeu mais de 9.1 milhões de cópias desde sua estreia, apenas na Coreia do Sul e Japão. A revista Billboard descreveu o grupo como "A Realeza do K-pop". Devido a sua popularidade, influência e impacto na industria musical coreana, o grupo é reconhecido como os Reis da Asia. TVXQ tem dois fã clubes oficiais, um na Coreia do Sul e outro no Japão; Cassiopeia e BigEast, respectivamente. O primeiro, notavelmente, bateu um recorde mundial no Guinness em 2008, e é dito ser um dos maiores fã-clubes no mundo.

Em 2011, depois da saída de três integrantes e anos de hiatus, TVXQ! retornou ao mercado coreano com o álbum Keep Your Head Down.

## Temas de Cards

* Humanoids
* TENSE
* Spellbound
너라고 (It's You)

Capa do álbum 너라고 (It's You)

**너라고 (It's You)** é uma canção da boy band sul-coreana Super Junior, lançada em 11 de maio de 2009, como single principal do álbum de mesmo nome. No álbum, que é a versão repackage do álbum SORRY, SORRY, aparece como a faixa número 3.

## Informação

Letra
E-Tribe
Composição
E-Tribe
Arranjo
E-Tribe
MAGIC

Capa do álbum MAGIC

**MAGIC** é uma canção da boy band sul-coreana Super Junior, lançada em 16 de setembro de 2015, como single principal do álbum de mesmo nome. No álbum, que é a versão repackage do álbum Devil, aparece como a faixa número 1.

## Informação

Letra
Cho Yoon-kyung
Composição
Purple J, G-High, Thomas Sardorf
Arranjo
Purple J, G-High, Thomas Sardorf
MAMACITA (아야야)

Capa do álbum MAMACITA

**MAMACITA (아야야)** é uma canção da boy band sul-coreana Super Junior, lançada em 29 de agosto de 2014, como single principal do álbum MAMACITA. No álbum, aparece como a faixa número 1.

## Informação

Letra
Yoo Young-jin
Composição
DOM, Yoo Young-jin, Lee Hyun-seung, J.SOL, Teddy Riley
Arranjo
Teddy Riley, Yoo Young-jin, DOM, Lee Hyun-seung
EXO-M

EXO-M promovendo o mini-álbum 上瘾 (Overdose)

**EXO-M** é uma boy band sino-coreana produzida e formada pela empresa e gravadora SM Entertainment, sub-unit da boy band **EXO**. O grupo estreou em 8 de abril de 2012, durante a premiação China's 12th Yinyue Fengyun Bang Awards, com o single MAMA.

O mini-álbum de estreia do grupo, MAMA, e o primeiro álbum de estúdio, XOXO, foram um grande sucesso comercial, vendendo mais de 1,5 milhão cópias ao todo.

O grupo recebeu numerosos prêmios desde a sua estreia em abril de 2012, incluindo o de álbum do ano no Golden Disk Awards e Mnet Asian Music Awards.

## Temas de Cards

* Growl
* December (Miracles In December)
* Overdose
놈, 놈, 놈 (You Got It)

Capa do álbum MAGIC

**놈, 놈, 놈 (You Got It)** é uma canção da boy band sul-coreana Super Junior, lançada em 16 de setembro de 2015, como faixa do álbum MAGIC. No álbum, que é a versão repackage do álbum Devil, aparece como a faixa número 4.

## Informação

Letra
Leeteuk, Heechul, Eunhyuk, Team One Sound
Composição
The Stereotypes, Three
Arranjo
The Stereotypes, Three
Goodbye

Capa do mini-álbum Mr.Mr.

**Goodbye** é uma canção do girl group sul-coreano Girls' Generation, lançada em 24 de fevereiro de 2014, como faixa do mini-álbum Mr.Mr.. No mini-álbum, aparece como a faixa número 2.

## Informação

Letra
Hwang Hyun
Composição
Lindy Robbins, Brent Paschke, Jenna Andrews
Arranjo
Lindy Robbins, Brent Paschke, Jenna Andrews
You Think

Capa do álbum Lion Heart

**You Think** é uma canção do girl group sul-coreano Girls' Generation, lançada em 19 de agosto de 2015, como single principal do álbum Lion Heart. No álbum, aparece como a faixa número 2.

## Informação

Letra
Cho Yun-kyoung
Composição
Sara Forsberg, Dante Jones, Brandon Sammons, Denzil “iDR” Remedios, Ryan S. Jhun, Jussi Ilmari Karvinen
Arranjo
Sara Forsberg, Dante Jones, Brandon Sammons, Denzil “iDR” Remedios, Ryan S. Jhun, Jussi Ilmari Karvinen
Amber

Amber promovendo o mini-álbum Beautiful

**Amber Josephine Liu** (Califórnia, 18 de setembro de 1992) mais conhecida somente como Amber (em coreano: 엠버, estilizado como **AMBER**), é uma cantora, compositora e rapper sino-americana. Ela é integrante do girl group sul-coreano f(x). Amber estreou como artista solo no dia 13 de fevereiro de 2015, com o single SHAKE THAT BRASS, que faz parte de seu primeiro mini-álbum, Beautiful.

Antes de estrear como artista solo, Amber participou em diversos programas de variedades.

## Canções presentes no SuperStar SMTOWN

 I Just Wanna (feat. 에릭남) | ?
 Heights | 154
 SHAKE THAT BRASS | ?
Only One

Capa do álbum Only One

**Only One** é uma canção da artista musical sul-coreana BoA, lançada em 22 de julho de 2012, como single principal do álbum de mesmo nome. No álbum, aparece como a faixa número 1. No jogo SuperStar SMTOWN, **Only One** aparece como a primeira canção em todos os níveis.

## Informação

Letra
BoA
Composição
BoA
Arranjo
Kim Te-sung, Kim Yong-shim
M&D

M&D promovendo 하고 싶어 (I Wish)

**M&D** é um grupo projeto formado pela empresa e gravadora sul-coreana SM Entertainment, formado por Heechul (Super Junior) e Jungmo (TRAX). O grupo teve um breve período de promoção após sua estreia oficial em 7 de julho de 2011, com o single 뭘봐 (Close Ur Mouth), durante a premiação Mnet 20's Choice Awards.

Em 25 de julho de 2011, Heechul anunciou via Twitter que sua dupla com Jungmo estava oficialmente encerrada. Mas, em abril de 2015, após diversas dicas, M&D realizou seu retorno com um mini-álbum, que chegou a alcançar a segunda colocação na lista de álbuns físicos de abril do gráfico musical Gaon.

Heechul e Jungmo compõem suas próprias músicas, tentando mostrar um tom diferente das músicas produzidas para o TRAX e Super Junior, sem qualquer classificação de gênero.

## Grupo Original

* Super Junior
* TRAX (não consta no jogo)

## Temas de Cards

* I Wish
* Silhouette

## Canções presentes no SuperStar SMTOWN

 하고 싶어 (I Wish) | ?
 魂 (Soul) | ?
Let's Dance

Capa do álbum MAMACITA

**Let's Dance** é uma canção da boy band sul-coreana Super Junior, lançada em 29 de agosto de 2014, como faixa do álbum MAMACITA. No álbum, aparece como a faixa número 7.

## Informação

Letra
Seo Ji-eum
Composição
Im Kwang-wook, Ylva Dimberg, Nermin Harambasic
Arranjo
Im Kwang-wook, Ylva Dimberg, Nermin Harambasic