BMG Rights Management

International music companyTemplate:SHORTDESC:International music company

* Thomas Coesfeld (CFO)

**BMG Rights Management GmbH** (also known simply as **BMG**) is an international music company based in Berlin, Germany. It combines the activities of a music publisher and a record label.

BMG was founded in October 2008 after Bertelsmann sold its stake in Sony BMG. From 2009 to 2013, the investment firm KKR held 51% of the company, which became one of the world's largest music publishers during that time. BMG is 100% owned by Bertelsmann and one of the group's eight business divisions. The portfolio includes rights in songs and recordings by artists such as Kylie Minogue, Craig David, Avril Lavigne, The Rolling Stones, Tina Turner, The Cranberries, David Bowie, Roger Waters, Iggy Pop, Quincy Jones, Lenny Kravitz Morrissey, 5 Seconds of Summer, KSI, Eraserheads and Rivermaya.

## History

### Music at Bertelsmann

In the 1950s, Bertelsmann entered the music business when it added music to its book club. Ariola, a record label, was launched and Sonopress, a pressing plant, was established. In 1975, Ariola opened an office in the United States. Bertelsmann acquired Arista Records in 1979 and RCA Records in 1985, thereby becoming one of the world's largest music companies. Its various subsidiaries were brought together in 1987 to form Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG), which did business in a number of genres, including folk, pop and, in particular, classical music.

In response to declining sales in the overall music market, Bertelsmann agreed to merge its record label interests with Sony in 2003; the company was called Sony BMG. Furthermore, in 2006, Bertelsmann sold its subsidiary BMG Music Publishing to Vivendi. Having reached the conclusion that established music publishing companies and record labels were not appropriate for an increasingly digital music business, Bertelsmann sold its stake in the Sony BMG joint venture in 2008. The company was subsequently renamed Sony Music Entertainment.

### Launch of the new BMG

In October 2008, Bertelsmann launched the new BMG with a small portfolio of recorded music rights of around 200 artists it retained from Sony BMG. It declared it would pursue a business model focused on fairness, service and transparency.

The launch of the new BMG came amidst the 2008 financial crisis, and within two weeks of the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Since Bertelsmann could not supply the required funds on its own, a 51% stake was sold to financial investor KKR in 2009. Bertelsmann retained 49% and the right to appoint the company's management. The transaction allowed BMG to increase its equity ratio.

### International expansion

Initially, Bertelsmann had announced that the new BMG would focus on the European broadcast market. After KKR became the majority shareholder, the company set its sights on expanding internationally. A key step towards achieving this goal was acquiring Cherry Lane Music Publishing in 2009, which provided BMG with its first foothold in the United States. BMG made several other purchases in 2010, including Evergreen Copyright Acquisitions.

In 2011, Bug Music was bought by BMG, followed by music publisher R2M Music in 2012. Bertelsmann was also reported to be interested in buying EMI, but EMI was ultimately acquired by Universal Music Group and Warner Music Group (record labels) and Sony/ATV Music Publishing (songwriters). The regulatory authorities approved the deal subject to some conditions, including the sale of several labels. BMG was thus able to acquire Mute Records (2012) and Sanctuary Records (2013), as well as the publishing catalogues of EMI Virgin Music and Famous Music UK from Sony/ATV.

### Becoming a group division

In 2013, KKR sold its stake in BMG to Bertelsmann, making it the sole shareholder of the company. Under the leadership of Chief Executive Officer Thomas Rabe, who had been a key driver of BMG's expansion during his time as Chief Financial Officer, Bertelsmann again cited music as one of its strategic growth areas.

In 2013, the company began to represent rights to songs by Robbie Williams and the Rolling Stones. Record labels were also added to the portfolio including Union Square Music (distributor of Universal Music's ZTT Records and Stiff Records), Vagrant Music and Infectious Music (2014), as well as S-Curve Records and Rise Records (2015). Other acquisitions followed in 2016, including the label ARC Music and the catalog of The End Records. By acquiring Basement, BMG entered the market in Brazil, one of Bertelsmann's growth regions. The company also signed an agreement with Warner Music's Alternative Distribution Alliance for the physical and digital distribution of music, allowing BMG to consolidate its longstanding sales structures. BMG further expanded by entering the Chinese market in cooperation with Alibaba, allowing the online company to distribute the work of musicians and composers via its web channels while securing copyrights.

In the 2015 financial year, BMG was part of the Corporate Investments division at Bertelsmann. In 2016, the media group turned the subsidiary into a stand-alone division. Today, BMG is considered a prime example of how growth platforms are created and leveraged at Bertelsmann.

### Acquisition of BBR Music and new labels

In 2017, BMG announced the purchase of BBR Music Group, including the labels Broken Bow Records, Red Bow Records, Stoney Creek Records, Wheelhouse Records and the music publisher Magic Mustang Music. With a value of more than 100 million dollars, the transaction was the largest recorded music acquisition in the company's history. BMG thus improved its position in the country music segment and ensured its long-term presence in the Nashville music industry and its overall impact on the United States market.

In 2022, BMG announced its first new British record label within the group since 2009, Tag8 Music. This label was set up in association with ex-Bros member Craig Logan and his management company Logan Media Entertainment, with Tag8 Music featuring established acts such as Pixie Lott, Roachford, and Louise Redknapp as part of its roster. On the Official Albums Chart Top 100 of 4 November 2022, the label charted its first hit album in the form of Blue's *Heart & Soul*.

## Corporate structure

 File:Quartier 205 Berlin-Mitte.jpg
BMG's parent enterprise is BMG Rights Management GmbH, a limited liability company according to German law. The company's objective is "the marketing of music, as well as its development and delivery" for use in media, at concerts and for other purposes. BMG has numerous subsidiaries and shareholdings, for example, BMG Rights Management (Europe) GmbH. In addition to Germany, BMG is present in Australia, Brazil, China, France, Italy, Spain, the UK, the Benelux countries, the United States, Canada, and Scandinavia.

BMG's senior management includes Hartwig Masuch (Chief Executive Officer), Thomas Coesfeld (Chief Financial Officer), Ama Walton (General Counsel and Chief Human Resources Officer) and Ben Katovsky (Chief Operating Officer). Masuch has been a member of Bertelsmann's Group Management Committee since 2013.

In the 2018 financial year, BMG posted revenues of €545 million. Rights and licenses accounted for 91.1% and products and merchandise 8.9%. Almost half of its revenues (44.1%) were generated in the United States. Other important markets were the United Kingdom (24.7%), Germany (6.3%) and France (3.9%).

## Business model

BMG offers musicians the services generally provided by music publishers and record labels. Unlike its major competitors, it runs them under the same roof and on the same technology platform. More recently, it has added film, television, and books to its roster of services.

### Publishing

BMG publishing represents the rights of songwriters like Mick Jagger, Louis Tomlinson, 5 Seconds of Summer, Keith Richards, Kylie Minogue, Ringo Starr, Nena, Roger Waters, Alice Merton, Billy Idol, Cat Stevens, Poo Bear, Aphex Twin, Storm Gordon, Bebe Rexha, Bruno Mars, Iggy Pop, Bibi Bourelly, Jean Michel Jarre, Jess Glynne, Kurt Cobain, David Bowie, Gary Numan, Death Cab for Cutie, Kings of Leon, Bring Me the Horizon, Blondie, George Ezra, Johnny Cash, Robbie Williams, Tame Impala, Gene Clark, Fontaine Brown, Carla Olson, Pat Robinson, John Lee Hooker, Del Shannon and many more.

In addition, BMG owns the publishing catalogues of Chrysalis Music, Virgin, Famous Music UK, R2M Music, Talpa Music, Union Square Music, Cherry Lane Music, Francis Dreyfus Music, Alberts, Adage IV, Bug Music, Hornall Brothers Music Ltd.and Primary Wave.

### Production music

BMG has a significant library of production music (library music), for use in films, television, advertising, and other media. These catalogues include including MusicDirector (part of Talpa Music), Human Music, Music Beyond, X-Ray Dog, Beds & Beats, Valentino Production Music, Immediate Music, AXS Music, Altitude Music, and Must Save Jane.

BMG also has output deals with several production studios, including The Asylum, Turner Broadcasting, Fremantle, Amblin Partners, ITV Studios, *The Pokémon Company*, and Netflix.

### Recordings

BMG recording artists include 311, A Perfect Circle, Jason Aldean, blink-182, Blondie, Craig David, Cypress Hill, Dido, Fergie, Natalie Imbruglia, JLS, Lenny Kravitz, Kylie Minogue, Louis Tomlinson, Max Giesinger, Avril Lavigne, Good Charlotte, Roger Waters, Bryan Ferry, Richard Ashcroft, Fatboy Slim, Steps, Sugar Ray, Marianne Faithfull, The Kinks, Ry X, Nakhane, Journey, Patty Smyth, Adel Tawil, Scorpions, KitschKrieg, and The Prodigy.

BMG owns the catalogues of several record labels, which include Rise Records, Mute Records, Trojan Records, Vagrant Records, Strictly Rhythm Records, Union Square Music, Verse Music Group, Sanctuary Records, S-Curve Records, Skint Records, The Echo Label, Infectious, and the BBR Music Group.

## Labels

* 43B
* BBR Music Group
	+ Broken Bow Records
	+ Stoney Creek Records
	+ Wheelhouse Records
* Rise Records
* S-Curve Records (back catalogue)
* Infectious Music
* Vagrant Records
* BMG Chrysalis
	+ The Echo Label
	+ Go-Feet Records
	+ MAM Records
* Mute Records (pre-2010 catalogue)
* Union Square Music
	+ Salvo
	+ Metro
* Skint Records
	+ Loaded Records
	+ Skyblaze Recordings
* Sanctuary Records Group
	+ Castle Communications
	+ Pye Records
	+ Precision Records and Tapes
	+ Transatlantic Records
	+ Sugar Hill Records
	+ CMC International
	+ Mayan Records
	+ Neat Records
	+ Noise Records
	+ RAS Records
	+ Trojan Records
		- Jet Records
		- Upsetter Records
	+ Urban Records
* Countdown Media
	+ Alshire/Somerset
	+ Everest Records
	+ Mediaphon
	+ Dobre Records
	+ SRP Records
	+ Alto Records
* RAM Records
* RBC Records
* World Circuit Records
* Disques Dreyfus
* Albert Music
	+ Albert Productions
* The End Records
* Verse Music Group
	+ Golden Records
	+ Bethlehem Records
	+ Salsoul Records
	+ West End Records
* Pete Waterman Entertainment
* Paracadute
* Strictly Rhythm (back catalogue)
* Cavalcade Recordings
* BMG Talpa Music (Netherlands)
* BMG Production Music
* Cheyenne Records
* Intertwine (joint venture with Eshy Gazit)

## Awards

* 2016, 2017, 2018: "Independent Publisher of the Year" by American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers
* 2018: "Production Music Awards" for BMG Production Music
* 2018: "Publisher of the Year", A&R Awards, United Kingdom

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Musikverlag BMG (de).
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Ohler, Arndt (October 9, 2008). "Bertelsmann bietet Musikern neuen Service". *Financial Times Deutschland* (in German). p. 5.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Hein, David (October 16, 2008). "Bertelsmann belebt BMG". *Horizont* (in German). p. 6.
4. ↑ Spahr, Wolfgang (October 14, 2008). Bertelsmann Unveils BMG Rights Management.
5. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Bertelsmann ist die Musik wieder wichtig". *Die Welt* (in German). March 2, 2013. p. 13.
6. ↑ Briegleb, Volker (March 1, 2013). Bertelsmann holt die Musik zurück in den Konzern (de).
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Renner, Kai-Hinrich (March 23, 2016). "Bertelsmann sortiert sich neu". *Handelsblatt* (in German). p. 24.
8. ↑ Kylie Minogue signs new record deal with BMG, new album expected this year. officialcharts.com.
9. ↑ Craig David and MNEK join forces on uplifting new single Who You Are: First listen preview. officialcharts.com.
10. ↑ Avril Lavigne signs recordings with BMG, announces new album. bmg.com (March 2017).
11. ↑ Reilly, Dan (June 27, 2013). Rolling Stones Sign Publishing Deal with BMG.
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13. ↑ The company cited numerous artists (September 29, 2019).
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19. ↑ Morrissey has been dropped by BMG Records (November 16, 2020).
20. ↑ Morrissey Parts Ways With Another Record Label, BMG (November 17, 2020).
21. ↑ Dex, Robert (November 17, 2020). Morrissey blames 'diversity plan' after being dumped by label.
22. ↑ Morrissey dropped from record label: "This news is perfectly in keeping with the relentless galvanic horror of 2020" (November 17, 2020).
23. ↑ Morrissey 'dropped' by record label BMG (November 17, 2020).
24. ↑ Morrissey dropped from BMG, allegedly Executive "does not want another album" (November 20, 2020).
25. ↑ The Quietus | News | Morrissey Parts Ways With Record Label.
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31. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Musikkonzerne auf Chancensuche". *Tiroler Tageszeitung* (in German). October 14, 2000.
32. ↑  *175 Years of Bertelsmann: The Legacy for Our Future*. Munich: C. Bertelsmann Verlag. 2010. p. 48. ISBN 978-3-641-05407-6.
33. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Bertelsmann und Sony machen gemeinsam Musik". *Der Tagesspiegel* (in German). November 7, 2003. p. 21.
34. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Elefantenhochzeit in der Musikbranche". *Wiener Zeitung* (in German). December 15, 2003. p. 14.
35. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Musikverlag BMG geht an Vivendi". *Wiener Zeitung* (in German). September 7, 2006. p. 26.
36. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Bertelsmann treibt Schuldenabbau voran". *Handelsblatt* (in German). December 28, 2006. p. 18.
37. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Strohmaier, Brenda (August 6, 2008). "Bertelsmann steigt bei Sony BMG aus". *Die Welt* (in German). p. 12.
38. ↑ Bertelsmann überlässt sein Musikgeschäft Sony (de) (August 5, 2008).
39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Bertelsmann setzt auf Vermarktung von Rechten" (in German). Schweizerische Depeschenagentur. October 14, 2008.
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45. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Spahr, Wolfgang (August 15, 2009). "BMG Is Back: Buying Songs With KKR Cash". *Billboard*. p. 17.
46. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Nagl, Hans G. (July 9, 2009). "KKR greift Bertelsmann im Musikrechtegeschäft unter die Arme". *Handelsblatt* (in German). p. 12.
47. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Rungg, Andrea (January 22, 2010). "BMG sucht in großem Stil Musikrechte". *Financial Times Deutschland* (in German). p. 8.
48. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Bertelsmann-Musiktochter auf großer Einkaufstour". *Rheinische Post* (in German). July 26, 2010.
49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Siebenhaar, Hans-Peter (May 4, 2010). "Bei Bertelsmann spielt wieder die Musik". *Handelsblatt* (in German). p. 26.
50. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Knappmann, Lutz (March 29, 2010). "Bertelsmann übernimmt Rechte an Elvis-Songs". *Financial Times Deutschland* (in German). p. 7.
51. ↑ Spahr, Wolfgang (December 14, 2009). BMG Rights Management Enters U.S..
52. ↑ Paine, Andre (March 26, 2010). BMG Rights Management to Acquire Cherry Lane.
53. ↑ BMG Rights Venture Buys Music Publisher (September 21, 2010).
54. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Bertelsmann holt sich Clapton und Cocker". *Neue Westfälische* (in German). September 21, 2010.
55. ↑ BMG Rights Management to Purchase Bug Music (September 12, 2011).
56. ↑ Bmg Acquires 2Pac, Neil Sedaka Hits with R2M Buyout (March 1, 2012).
57. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Bertelsmann schielt auf EMI-Archiv". *Börsen-Zeitung* (in German). June 25, 2009. p. 10.
58. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Stahr, Volker S. (May 6, 2001). "Das stille Konzert der großen Fünf". *Berliner Morgenpost* (in German). p. 17.
59. ↑ Musikindustrie: Universal darf EMI übernehmen (de) (September 21, 2012).
60. ↑ EU-Kommission: Universal darf EMI unter Auflagen übernehmen (de) (September 21, 2012).
61. ↑ Christman, Ed (December 21, 2012). BMG Acquires Mute Records Catalog.
62. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Chmielewski, Dawn C. (February 14, 2013). "Universal Music agrees to sell Sanctuary Records". *Los Angeles Times*. Archived from the original on February 15, 2013. Retrieved February 15, 2013.
63. ↑ Roxborough, Scott (December 21, 2012). BMG Buys Virgin, Famous Music Catalog From Sony/ATV.
64. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Wiesmann, Gerrit (March 1, 2013). "Bertelsmann Takes Control of BMG". *Financial Times*. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
65. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Krause, Martin (March 2, 2013). "Bertelsmann dirigiert jetzt wieder: Finanzinvestor KKR verkauft 51-prozentige Beteiligung an der Musiktochter BMG". *Neue Westfälische* (in German).
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68. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Bertelsmann setzt wieder voll auf Musik". *Die Welt* (in German). March 1, 2013. p. 3.
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71. ↑ BMG Purchases Union Square Music (November 6, 2014).
72. ↑ Christman, Ed (November 17, 2014). Vagrant Records Bought by BMG Chrysalis.
73. ↑ Infectious Music Acquired by BMG in £6m Deal (September 2, 2014).
74. ↑ BMG Acquires New York Label S-Curve Records (November 3, 2015).
75. ↑ BMG Buys Metal Label Rise Records (May 18, 2015).
76. ↑ BMG Acquires Assets of New York Indie The End Records (June 30, 2016).
77. ↑ BMG übernimmt Mehrheit am Chess-Verlag ARC Music (de) (January 19, 2016).
78. ↑ BMG Launches in Brazil and Acquires John Telfer's Basement (May 31, 2016).
79. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Bertelsmann sucht Chance in Brasilien". *Westfalen-Blatt* (in German). March 20, 2014.
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81. ↑ Christman, Ed (April 28, 2016). Warner Music's Global Deal for BMG's Sets up Showdown with RED.
82. ↑ Ingham, Tim (April 19, 2016). Warner Signs BMG Deal for Exclusive Worldwide Distribution of Catalogue.
83. ↑ BMG kooperiert mit Alibaba (de) (March 30, 2015).
84. ↑ Annual Report 2015. Bertelsmann.
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86. ↑ Wachstumsplattformen: Großartige Chancen (de). Bertelsmann.
87. ↑ BMG Acquires Nashville Indie BBR Music Group, Home of Broken Bow Records and Jason Aldean (de) (January 30, 2017).
88. ↑ 88.0 88.1 Bialek, Catrin (January 31, 2017). Musikrechte: Bertelsmann goes Country (de).
89. ↑ BMG Beats Majors to Acquire Jason Aldean Label Broken Bow (January 30, 2017).
90. ↑ https://www.musicweek.com/labels/read/alistair-norbury-shares-his-vision-for-tag8-music-bmg-s-first-uk-label-launch-in-13-years/086857
91. ↑ https://www.recordoftheday.com/news-and-press/bmg-and-lme-launch-new-label-tag8-with-albums-from-blue-pixie-lott-and-roachford
92. ↑ https://www.bmg.com/uk/news/BMG-and-LME-launch-new-label-Tag8-with-albums-from-Blue-Pixie-Lott-and-Roachford.html
93. ↑ https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/albums-chart/
94. ↑ https://www.officialcharts.com/search/albums/heart-\_and\_-soul/
95. ↑ https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/24824/blue/
96. ↑ Unternehmensregister (Amtsgericht Charlottenburg, HRB 116072) (de). Bundesanzeiger Verlag.
97. ↑ Unternehmensregister (Amtsgericht Charlottenburg, HRB 143973) (de). Bundesanzeiger Verlag.
98. ↑ About BMG (October 2, 2015).
99. ↑ Busse, Caspar (March 14, 2016). BMG-Chef Hartwig Masuch: Vom Taxifahrer zu Musikmanager (de).
100. ↑ Bialek, Catrin (April 4, 2017). BMG-Chef Hartwig Masuch: Die Gitarre immer griffbereit (de).
101. ↑ Spahr, Wolfgang (July 13, 2018). BMG Promotes Ben Katovsky to COO, Ama Walton to Global General Counsel.
102. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Bertelsmann stockt Führungskreis auf". *Börsen-Zeitung* (in German). June 4, 2013. p. 16.
103. ↑ Annual Report 2018 21, 130. Bertelsmann (March 26, 2019).
104. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Bertelsmann startet neu im Musikrechte-Geschäft". *Die Welt* (in German). October 15, 2008. p. 15.
105. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Bertelsmann will mehr Musikrechte". *Neue Westfälische* (in German). June 25, 2009.
106. ↑ Blauth, Sabrina (2016) (in de). *Digitalisierung in der Musikindustrie: Wirtschaftliche Probleme und die Suche nach alternativen Einnahmequellen*. Hamburg: Diplomica Verlag. p. 25. ISBN 978-3-95934-339-8.
107. ↑ Gensler, Andy (April 4, 2017). BMG Publishes First Book With "The Odessey: The Zombies in Words and Images".
108. ↑ 108.0 108.1 Publishing. BMG (October 2015).
109. ↑ Parisi, Paula (October 23, 2017). BMG Production Music Expands With Acquisition of Movie Marketing Mainstay.
110. ↑ BMG Production Music Beefs Up: Acquires AXS, Makes Two Key Hires (September 13, 2017).
111. ↑ BMG Brings Together 400,000 Production Music Tracks Under One Brand (February 6, 2017).
112. ↑ JLS confirm new album ahead of reunion tour.
113. ↑ 113.0 113.1 Recording. BMG (October 2015).
114. ↑ BMG Gets Soul, Acquires Minder Music And Cavalcade Recordings. *Hypebot* (July 9, 2015).
115. ↑ BMG acquires Cheyenne Records catalog including music by Germany's most successful girl group No Angels (November 26, 2020).
116. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
117. ↑ 2016 ASCAP Pop Music Awards. American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers.
118. ↑ 2017 ASCAP Pop Music Awards. American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers.
119. ↑ 2018 ASCAP Pop Music Awards. American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers.
120. ↑ Winners 2018.
121. ↑ The A&R Awards 2018: All the Winners (November 7, 2018).

## External links

* Official website of BMG

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