1999 (Prince album)

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***1999*** is the fifth studio album by American recording artist Prince. It was released on October 27, 1982, by Warner Bros. Records. *1999* was Prince's breakthrough album, but his next album, *Purple Rain*, would become his most successful. The title track was a protest against nuclear proliferation and became his first top ten hit in countries outside the United States. The album was his first top ten album on the *Billboard* 200 chart in the United States (peaking at number 9, besting that peak at number 7 after his death in 2016) and became the fifth best-selling album of 1983 overall, eventually being certified quadruple platinum by the RIAA.

## Composition

The album's opening title track, "1999", was also its first single and initially peaked at number 41 on the US *Billboard* Hot 100. It was subsequently re-released following the huge success of its follow-up single and *1999'*s second track, "Little Red Corvette", which peaked at number 6 on the US *Billboard* Hot 100. Shortly after being reissued, "1999" hit number 12 and has since become one of Prince's most recognizable compositions. The music videos for both "1999" and "Little Red Corvette" were significant as two of the first videos by a black artist to receive heavy rotation on the newly launched music video channel, MTV. The two tracks were later combined as a double A-side single in the United Kingdom, where it peaked at number 2. A subsequent single from the album and its third chronological track, the rockabilly-influenced "Delirious", still managed top ten status in the United States at number 8, but a fourth, the double-sided single "Let's Pretend We're Married"/"Irresistible Bitch", got no further than number 52.

While "Little Red Corvette" helped Prince cross over to the wider rock audience, the rest of *1999* retains the funk elements featured in previous albums and is dominated by the use of synthesizers and drum machines. The album is, however, notable within Prince's catalogue for its wide variety of themes in addition to the sexual imagery which had already become something of a trademark on his previous work. "Automatic", extending to almost ten minutes, starts side three of the album with a prominent synthesizer melody and bondage-inspired lyrical imagery which, transplanted to the music video for the track (with a scene that depicted Prince being tied up and whipped by band-members Lisa Coleman and Jill Jones), had been deemed too sexual for MTV in 1983.

"Something in the Water (Does Not Compute)", an ode to a harsh lover, is the centerpiece of a preoccupation with Computer Age themes that would continue into future albums. This is also reflected in various aspects of the album's instrumentation, with Prince fully embracing the gadgetry and sounds of emergent electro-funk and 1980s sequencing technology on tracks like "Let's Pretend We're Married" and "All the Critics Love U in New York", songs that widen his use of synthesizers and prominently feature the use of a Linn LM-1 drum machine. Prince himself has cited the movie *Blade Runner* as an influence on the album's synth sound and the music videos produced for its singles.[*citation needed*] *1999* also contains two ballads in "Free", a delicate piano piece expressing patriotism and appreciation for American freedoms, and "International Lover", a slow-paced love song for which Prince received his first Grammy Award nomination in 1984 under the category of Best Male R&B Vocal Performance.

## Artwork

The album's cover features elements from the front cover of Prince's previous album, *Controversy*; namely the eyes and the "Rude Boy" pin in the "1999", the jacket studs in the "R" and the smile in the "P". The "I" in "Prince" contains the words "and the Revolution" written backwards (as "dna eht noituloveR"), both acknowledging his backing band and foreshadowing the next four years of his career.

## Reception and legacy

*1999* received widespread acclaim from critics. The album's critical and commercial success secured Prince a place in the public psyche, and marked the beginning of two years of heightened fame via massively successful tours, hit singles and a Hollywood movie. According to the *Rolling Stone Album Guide*, "*1999* may be Prince's most influential album: Its synth-and-drum machine-heavy arrangements codified the Minneapolis sound that loomed over mid-'80s R&B and pop, not to mention the next two decades' worth of electro, house, and techno."

In 2003, the TV network VH1 placed *1999* 49th in its list of the greatest albums of all time. The album was also part of Slant Magazine's list "The 50 Most Essential Pop Albums" and the magazine listed the album at #8 on its list of "Best Albums of the 1980s".

In 2003, the album was ranked #163 on *Rolling Stone* magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time while in 1989 it was ranked the 16th "100 Greatest Albums of the 1980s".

The album was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2008. The album was also included in the book *1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die*.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Prince.

Alternate formats
* Originally released on vinyl as a double LP (the first of a number of double sets from Prince), *1999* was cut to a single vinyl edition in some countries; Brazil, for example, opted to issue the release as two separate vinyl albums, *1999 I* and *1999 II*.
* The original compact disc version of the album was also cut, omitting "D.M.S.R.". There is a disclaimer on the back cover of the original compact disc pressing that reads "To enable the release of 1999 as a single compact disc, the song DMSR has been omitted from the original LP edition". Later compact disc pressings (from a 1990 reissue onward) included the track.
* On the cassette release, "Free" was placed after "D.M.S.R." to end the first side, balancing out the lengths of both sides of the cassette.

## Personnel

* Prince - lead vocals and various instruments
* Dez Dickerson - co-lead vocals (1), guitar solos and backing vocals (2)
* Lisa Coleman - co-lead vocals (1), backing vocals (2, 3, 5, 6, 8)
* Jill Jones - co-lead vocals (1), backing vocals (6, 8, 9)
* Vanity – backing vocals (8)
* Wendy Melvoin - backing vocals (8)

While not performance credited for the studio recordings, band members Doctor Fink (keyboards), Bobby Z. (drums) and Brown Mark (bass) do appear in the music videos.

## Singles

* "1999" (#12 US, #4 US R&B, #25 UK)

1. "1999"
2. "How Come U Don't Call Me Anymore?"

* "Little Red Corvette" (#6 US, #15 US R&B, #54 UK)

1. "Little Red Corvette"
2. "All the Critics Love U in New York"

* "Delirious" (#8 US, #18 US R&B)

1. "Delirious"
2. "Horny Toad"

* "Automatic" (AUS)

1. "Automatic"
2. "Something in the Water (Does Not Compute)"

* "Let's Pretend We're Married" (#52 US, #55 US R&B)

1. "Let's Pretend We're Married"
2. "Irresistible Bitch"

## Charts

Template:AlbumchartTemplate:Albumchart

 Chart (2016)
 US *Billboard* 200 | 200

 Chart (1984)
 US *Billboard* Pop Albums | 22

## Notes

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Prince: *1999* > Review" at AllMusic. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Christgau, Robert (December 28, 1982). "Consumer Guide". *The Village Voice*. New York. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hill, Michael (December 9, 1982). "Prince: *1999*". *Rolling Stone*. No. RS 384. Wenner Media. ISSN 0035-791X. Archived from the original on July 17, 2007. Retrieved 15 September 2011. Unknown parameter `|deadurl=` ignored (`|url-status=` suggested) (help)
4. ↑ Format Team (April 21, 2016). "A Visual Celebration of Prince Through His Album Covers". *Format*.
5. ↑ "45cat - Prince - Automatic / Something In The Water (Does Not Compute) - Warner Bros. - Australia - 7-29520". 45cat. Retrieved July 9, 2015.
6. ↑ "Longbored Surfer - 1983". *longboredsurfer.com*.
7. ↑ "Music: Top 100 Songs | Billboard Hot 100 Chart". *Billboard*.
8. ↑ Weiss, Shari (April 21, 2016). "Grammys Mourn Prince – See Statement From Grammy Awards Recording Academy". *Gossipcop.com*. Retrieved April 24, 2016.
9. ↑ Harris, Keith (June–July 2001). "Every Original CD Reviewed - Prince". *Blender*. No. 1. Alpha Media Group.
10. ↑ Browne, David (September 21, 1990). "Purple Products". *Entertainment Weekly*. No. #32. Retrieved August 6, 2011.
11. ↑ Price, Simon (April 22, 2016). "Prince: every album rated – and ranked". *The Guardian*. London. Retrieved April 25, 2016.
12. ↑ Johnston, Maura (April 30, 2016). "Prince: 1999". Pitchfork Media. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
13. ↑ Hoard (2004), p. 655. Portions posted at "Prince: Album Guide". RollingStone.com. Retrieved August 1, 2012.
14. ↑ Henderson, Eric (December 12, 2003). "Prince: *1999*". Slant. Retrieved September 15, 2011.
15. ↑ Weisbard, Eric (October 10, 1995). *Spin Alternative Record Guide* (1st ed.). Vintage. ISBN 978-0-679-75574-6. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
16. ↑ "Prince: Biography". Rollingstone.com. Archived from the original on October 21, 2006. Unknown parameter `|deadurl=` ignored (`|url-status=` suggested) (help)
17. ↑ "Rock On The Net: VH1: 100 Greatest Albums". *www.rockonthenet.com*. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
18. ↑ "Vital Pop: 50 Essential Pop Albums". Slant Magazine. June 30, 2003. Retrieved August 6, 2011.
19. ↑ "The 100 Best Albums of the 1980s | Feature". Slant Magazine. Retrieved November 20, 2013.
20. ↑ "163 | *1999* - Prince". *The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time*. Rollingstone.com. Archived from the original on March 6, 2010. Retrieved 15 September 2011. Unknown parameter `|deadurl=` ignored (`|url-status=` suggested) (help)
21. ↑ "News Release: 2008 Grammy Hall of Fame® Inductees Announced" (PDF). The Recording Academy. December 19, 2007. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 16, 2008. Unknown parameter `|deadurl=` ignored (`|url-status=` suggested) (help)
22. ↑ Robert Dimery; Michael Lydon (March 23, 2010). *1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die: Revised and Updated Edition*. Universe. ISBN 978-0-7893-2074-2.
23. ↑ "1999". sleevographia2.free.fr. Archived from the original on March 11, 2005.
24. ↑ "Prince – *1999*". discogs.com. April 28, 2008. Notes. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
25. ↑ "Album: 1999 - Prince Vault". Archived from the original on July 11, 2013. Retrieved 2013-07-06. Unknown parameter `|deadurl=` ignored (`|url-status=` suggested) (help)
26. ↑ Kent, David (1993). *Australian Chart Book 1970–1992*. St Ives, NSW: Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
27. ↑ "Top Albums/CDs - Volume 38, No. 25" (PHP). RPM. August 20, 1983. Retrieved April 2, 2014. Italic or bold markup not allowed in: `|publisher=` (help)
28. ↑ "Prince - *1999*" (ASP). *MegaCharts*. dutchcharts.nl. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
29. ↑ "charts.org.nz Prince - *1999*" (ASP). *Hung Medien*. Recording Industry Association of New Zealand. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
30. ↑ "Prince > Artists > Official Charts". UK Albums Chart. Retrieved April 2, 2014. Italic or bold markup not allowed in: `|publisher=` (help)
31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 "Allmusic: *1999* : Charts & Awards: Billboard Albums". allmusic.com. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
32. ↑ "Prince > Artists > Official Charts". *UK Albums Chart*. Official Charts Company. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
33. ↑ "Top Pop Albums of 1983". billboard.biz. December 31, 1983. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
34. ↑ "Top Pop Albums of 1984". billboard.biz. December 31, 1984. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
35. ↑ [[[:Template:Certification Cite/URL]] "[[:Template:Certification Cite/Title]]"] Check `|url=` value (help). Music Canada. Retrieved May 2, 2013. URL–wikilink conflict (help)
36. ↑ [[[:Template:Certification Cite/URL]] "[[:Template:Certification Cite/Title]]"] Check `|url=` value (help). British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved April 2, 2014. URL–wikilink conflict (help) *Select* albums *in the Format field.* *Select* Platinum *in the Certification field.* *Type* 1999 *in the "Search BPI Awards" field and then press Enter.*
37. ↑ [[[:Template:Certification Cite/URL]] "[[:Template:Certification Cite/Title]]"] Check `|url=` value (help). Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved May 2, 2013. URL–wikilink conflict (help) *If necessary, click* Advanced*, then click* Format*, then select* Album*, then click* SEARCH*.*

## References

* Nathan Brackett, Christian Hoard (2004). *The New Rolling Stone Album Guide: Completely Revised and Updated 4th Edition*. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-0169-8.

## External links

* *1999* at Discogs
* *1999* at Prince Vault

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