History of the Chinese Communist Party, from Wikipedia

The Communist Party of China was initially founded by Chen Duxiu

and Li
Dazhao in the French concession of Shanghai in
1921 as a study society
and an informal network (this points to the founders:
intellectuals. If founded by military men, it would be more like an army).
There were informal groups in China in 1920, and also overseas, but the
official beginning was the 1st Congress held in Shanghai and attended by 53 men
in July 1921

   The CCP went through 2 “popular fronts”, and both proved that they were

damaging to the communists. First, 1922-28: with the Nationalist party, against
the warlords. Ended in Shanghai massacre of the communists. Second: again with
the Nationalist party, against the Japanese, in 1930’s (During the Second Sino-Japanese war (1937–1945), the
CPC and KMT were temporarily in alliance to fight their common enemy)

In August 1922, Sneevliet called a surprise special plenum of the
central committee and proposed that party members join the Kuomintang
(KMT, or Chinese Nationalist Party) on the grounds that it was easier to
transform the Nationalist Party from the inside than to duplicate its success.
According to Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao,
Cai Heshen and Gao Yuhan opposed the motion, whereupon Maring invoked the
authority of the Comintern and forced the CCP to accept his decision.

it was divided into two camps, led by Deng Zhongxia and Li Dazhao on
the more moderate "bourgeois, national revolution" model and Zhang
Guotao, Lou Zhanglong, He Mengxiong and Chen Duxio on the strongly
anti-imperialism side – immediately, 2 wings, as
“Mensheviks” and “Bolsheviks”

Very strong influence of Comintern in the
founding period.

the North Expedition (1926–1927) led by Kuomingtang
and participated by CCP gained some quick successes in overthrowing the warlord
government

In 1927, as the Northern Expedition approached Shanghai, the
Kuomintang leadership split. The Left Kuomintang at Wuhan kept the
alliance with the Communists. Chiang
Kai-shek at Nanking
grew increasingly hostile to them and launched a campaign against them. This
happened after the capture of Shanghai, which occurred with the Communists and
Kuomintang still in alliance.

The CPC was massacred with more than four in five members being killed.

As Chiang Kai-shek consolidated his power, various revolts continued, and Communist armed
forces created a number of 'Soviet Areas'. The largest of these was led by Zhu De and Mao Zedong, who
established Soviet Republic of China in some remote
areas within China through peasant riots. A number of military campaigns from
KMT army failed, but meantime the party leadership were driven out of Shanghai
and moved to Mao's base, sidelining him. – a new state
is founded upon a revolt of the masses, in this case the peasants. A state
cannot be founded by Blanquist methods. Nor by mere “protest” movements.

The CPC had to give up their bases and started the Long March
(1934–1935) to search a new base. During Long March, the party leadership
re-examined its policy and blamed their failure on the CPC military leader Otto Braun, a German sent by Comintern.[*citation needed*]
During the Long March, the native Communists, such as Mao Zedong
and Zhu De
gained power. The Comintern and Soviet Union.[*citation needed*]
lost control over the CPC – through the Long march and
re-examination of the past policies, they break from the Comintern. But not
completely…

    CCP

+ KMT against Japanese, 1937- In eight years, the CPC membership
increased from 40,000 to 1,200,000 and its military forces - from 30,000 to
approximately one million in addition to more than one million militia support
groups.

It is a well accepted idea that without the Japanese invasion, the CPC
might not have developed so fast. - !

After the conclusion of WWII, the civil war resumed between the
Kuomintang and the Communists. Despite initial gains by the KMT, they were
eventually defeated and forced to flee to off-shore islands, most notably
Taiwan. In the war, the US
supported the Kuomintang

    1949 – establishment of the People’s Republic of China (formal)

Mao's revolution that founded the PRC was nominally based on Marxism-Leninism
with a rural focus based on China's social situations at the time

Since then Mao's peasant revolutionary vision and so-called
"continued revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat"
stipulated that class enemies continued to exist even though the socialist
revolution seemed to be complete, giving way to the *Cultural Revolution*. This fusion of
ideas became known officially as "Mao Zedong Thought",
or Maoism outside of China

Following the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, however, the CPC under the leadership
of Deng
Xiaoping moved towards *Socialism with Chinese characteristics*
and instituted Chinese economic reform. In reversing some
of Mao's "extreme-leftist" policies, Deng argued that a socialist
country and the market economy model were not mutually exclusive.
While asserting the political power of the Party itself, the change in policy
generated significant economic growth. The ideology itself, however, came into
conflict on both sides of the spectrum with Maoists as well as progressive
liberals, culminating with other social factors to cause the 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests – Deng – an equivalent of Khruschev-Gorbachev in the Soviet
history. More like Gorbachev – stress on “cooperatives”, “coexistence”, etc.

The "third generation" of leadership under Jiang Zemin,
Zhu Rongji,
and associates largely continued Deng's progressive economic vision while
overseeing the re-emergence of Chinese nationalism in the 1990s. – modern Chinese nationalism is an echo of modern
“post-Soviet” nationalism, i.e. an ideology of privatization, capitalism.

the CPC ratified the *Three*
Represents *into the 2003 revision of the Party Constitution as a*
"guiding ideology", encouraging the Party to represent "advanced
productive forces, the progressive course of China's culture, and the
fundamental interests of the people." There are various interpretations of
the *Three Represents*. Most notably, the theory has legitimized the entry
of private business owners and quasi-"bourgeoisie"
elements into the party

The CPC's "fourth generation" of leadership under Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao, after taking power in 2003, attempted reversing such a trend by bringing forth an integrated ideology that tackled both social and economic concerns. This new ideology was known as the creation of a Harmonious Society using the Scientific Development Concept.

the CPC has transitioned to endorse economic neoliberalism

The CPC's current policies are fiercely rejected as capitalist by most communists, especially anti-revisionists, and by adherents of the Chinese New Left from within the PRC.

there are parties other than the CPC within China, which report to the United Front Department of the Communist Party of China and do not act as opposition or independent parties. Since the 1980s, as its commitment to Marxist ideology has appeared to wane, the party has begun to increasingly invoke Chinese nationalism as a legitimizing principle as opposed to the socialist construction for which the party was originally created. The change from socialism to nationalism has pleased the CPC's former enemy, the Kuomintang (KMT), which has warmed its relations with the CPC since 2003 – so, KMT is winning, for now!

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