Pronocanthidae

## Taxonomy

Anthostoma

Gastrozoa

Tentaclostoma

Neostoma

Lophostoma

Diplostoma

Stenostraca

Desmostraca

Eudesmostraca

Dolichostraca

**Pronocanthidae**

**Pronocanthidae** *(lit. forward-facing spikes)* is a clade of venomous Desmostracans.

## Description

Like all Dolichostracans, Pronocanthids are arboreal malacovores, with long thin bodies, whip-like oral tentacles, and limbs suited for gripping tree trunks and branches.

As well as having the banded shell plating typical of all Desmostracans, Pronocanthids also have sharp quills located near the base of their joints, which contain venom glands derived from ancestral excretory glands. The venom within these quills causes severe pain and swelling near the point of contact, and is used by the Pronocanthids to ward off predators. These quills usually lay flat for ease of movement, only sticking up when the animal arches its back or curls up its body.

Like several toxic species of Malacoformes, such as the Chloroderms and Cyanoderms, Pronocanthids have bright color patterns as a form of aposematism. And not the best if your looking for things that don't want to kill you.

## Navigation

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												* File:StenopsidaeEvo.pngArchestenopsidae
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 † = Extinct