Abrahamic Covenant

There is a
pattern to the covenants found in the Bible. Basically, it is as follows. The
initiating party describes himself and what he has done; then there is a list
of obligations between the two (or more) parties. What follows is the section
dealing with rewards and punishments that govern the keeping and breaking of
the covenant. The Ten Commandments fit this pattern and are a covenant
document.
[1]

He then states that covenants can be either
conditional or non-conditional. A conditional covenant occurs when both people
agree to fulfil certain conditions. If one person breaks his side of the
covenant, then the other person is no longer obligated to carry out his side.
An unconditional covenant is an agreement between two parties in which only one
person has to carry out his side of the covenant.[2]

## **What the Abrahamic Covenant Is**

The
Abrahamic Covenant is a covenant made by God to Abraham promising him a land, a
seed, and a blessing. God introduces this covenant to Abraham in Genesis
12:1-3. God tells him to leave the land in which he is living and move to a
land to which He would direct him. God led him to the land which is now known
as Palestine and God gave him the land for him and his posterity. The second
aspect of the promise that God gave Abraham in this chapter is that all the
families of the earth would be blessed through Abraham (implying this would
come through the offspring of Abraham). The third element in God’s promise is that
He will make him a great nation and bless him, that his name will be great, and
that he will be made a blessing to other nations. God pronounces that those who
bless Abraham will be blessed, and those who curse Abraham will be cursed. This
part of the promise gives Abraham protection from those that would harm him. “The
covenant made with Abraham in Genesis 12:1-3, and confirmed and enlarged to him
in Genesis 12:6-7: 13:14-17: 15:1-2: 17:1-14: 22:15-18, entitled certain basic
promises.”[3]

Even
though the covenant was introduced in Genesis chapter twelve, it was not
confirmed until chapter fifteen. “A rather general consensus maintains that
Genesis 12:1–3 is not part of the Abrahamic Covenant per se but is a brief
narrative in which Abram was called to make a decision as to whether or not he
will accept God’s offer to make him the recipient and transmitter of covenant
promises.”[4] Between the call in
chapter12 and chapter 15 are recorded the initial events of Abram’s relocation
in the land of Canaan (so called because the people there were known as the
Canaanites).  Abram exhibited remarkable
faith with he left his homeland with his family and traveled the some 1250
miles (as the ass travels) from Ur to Haran and then to Jerusalem. When he
traveled to Egypt, he exhibited a lack of faith in the covenant. In Egypt, he
almost forfeited the seed part of the covenant when he told Pharaoh that Sarah was
his sister. God intervened and Abraham traveled back to Haran, where he offered
a sacrifice to God. In Genesis 13, Abraham finally departed from Lot, allowing
God to again promise to give Abraham a land, a seed, and a blessing.

In chapter
fifteen, Abraham asked God how he will know that he will inherit the land. God
tells him to take a three-year-old heifer, a three-year-old a she-goat, a
three-year-old ram, a turtledove, and a young pigeon and divide them in half. The
custom of the day concerning binding promises was the parties making the
covenant would divide the animals and then walk between the pieces to seal the
covenant. “Jeremiah 24:18 makes it clear that this procedure of passing between
pieces of animals was a common way of establishing covenants in Old Testament
times.”[5] After Abraham divided the
animals, God placed him into a deep sleep. God then walked between the pieces
of the animals by Himself while Abraham was asleep. Abraham was not an active
participant in the confirming of the covenant. When there was only one active
participant, in this case God, then the covenant was non-conditional, meaning
that the keeping of the covenant rested only on God. Abraham had to do nothing
to ensure that the covenant was fulfilled.

As a sign of the
covenant, God told Abraham two things. First, He would change Abraham’s name
from Abram to Abraham, and second, He told Abraham that he would have to be
circumcised. Circumcision was to be the sign that Abraham and his seed were
consecrated to God. “The physical ‘cutting’ was an indication of submission and
commitment to the God of Abraham.”[6] Circumcision in and of
itself was not enough, however.  Each
Israelite was to be committed to following God in his heart. “If someone’s
heart is circumcised, he will love the Lord with all his soul. According to the
prophets, physical circumcision was not enough, for God demanded a wholehearted
commitment from His people.”[7]

## **Aspects of the Covenant**

#### ***Land***

The
first aspect of the Abrahamic Covenant was the promise of the land. God first told
Abraham in Genesis 12:2 that He was going to show him a land. Abraham left Ur
and followed God by faith, not knowing where he was going. In Genesis 13:14-15,
God showed Abraham how immense this land was; He promised to give this land to
Abraham and his descendants for ever and ever. In response to this promise,
Abraham built an altar to the Lord in Hebron. In Genesis 15:18-21, God gave
Abraham a more detailed description of the boundaries of the land and told him
some of the nations that already inhabited that land. “In the same day the Lord made a covenant with Abram, saying,
Unto thy seed have I given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great
river, the river Euphrates.” (Genesis 15:18)

#### ***Seed***

God
promised Abraham in Genesis 12:2 that He would make of Abraham a great nation. God
also said in Genesis 12:7 that He would give the land to Abraham’s descendants,
not Abraham. God said the same thing in Genesis 13:15, when he told Abraham
that his descendants would live in the land for ever and ever. In Genesis 13:15
and Genesis 15:5, God emphasized that Abraham’s descendants would be
innumerable. He compared their number to the number of the stars in the heavens
or the sand on the seashore.  God committed
to Abraham in Genesis 17:7 that He would make Abraham a father of many nations
and many kings.  In Deuteronomy 1:10, God
told Moses to tell the children of Israel that it was He who had multiplied
them. Through the nation of Israel, particularly through the line of David,
would come the Messiah who would be the Savior of not only the Israelites, but
all mankind.

#### ***Blessing***

God
promised to bless Abraham and to make him a blessing to all the nations. This
blessing would benefit Abraham personally, the nation of Israel nationally, and
the entire world universally.

### **Personal**

In
Genesis 12:2, God promised to bless Abraham, and to make his name great. One
facet of that blessing was personal protection for him in that God promised to
be a shield unto him.  God promised to
make his name great.  As Dr. Jamieson has
stated:

Although
not renowned in science or arts, in civil or military affairs, Abram has been
distinguished by higher honours and a more extensive fame than any mere man
ever was,--revered by the Jews as the founder of their nation, looked up to by
the Christians as “the father of the faithful,”
honoured by the Arabians as their progenitor; and whatever of true
religion is to be found in Islamism is traceable to the precepts and example of
Abraham.[8]

God stated in Genesis 12:3 that
those who blessed Abraham would be blessed, and those that cursed Abraham would
be cursed. Abraham was also blessed individually when God promised to give him
an heir. God blessed Abraham personally in that as stated in Genesis 17:7 from
him would come many nations and many kings.

### **National**

Genesis 12:1 states that God would
make Abraham a great nation; Israel grew into a great nation in Egypt and God
protected and provided for them in the wilderness. God told Abraham in Genesis
13:16 that He would make the children as great as the dust of the earth. God
told Abraham in Genesis 17:7-8 that God would give His covenant to not only
Abraham, but also his descendants, and that his descendants would have the land
for ever. In Genesis 22:17, God promised Abraham that He would multiply his
seed, and that his descendants would have victory in battle, and that God would
bless the nations of the earth through them.

Though
the promise of God was non-conditional and required nothing from Israel for its
fulfilled, in the life of the nation the peoples repented the consequences of
their unbelief and disobedience as do all men and nations who reject God’s
Word.  When Israel was walking as a
nation in unbelief and idolatry, when her leaders were ungodly and idolatrous,
still God was working out His ultimate plan.
Even during those times, there were individuals in the nation experiencing
the blessings of God because they were obeying His Word.  The prophets are examples of such people.

### **Universal**

Genesis
22:17-18 tells us how God would bless Israel nationally, but it also says that God
would use Israel to bless the nations of the earth universally. Genesis 12:1-2
states two ways that the Abrahamic Covenant would have universal effect: those nations
that blessed Israel would be blessed, and those nations that cursed Israel
would be cursed. Ryrie says, “Abraham’s relationship with God was so close that
to bless him or curse him, was, in effect, to bless or curse God.”[9] In the first mention of
the covenant in Genesis 12:1-3, God’s blessing is to Israel and all the
families of the earth. Ryrie wrote, “Seed may be both collective and
individual; that is, the seed was one line, one family, and especially one
person, Christ.”[10]

## **Characteristics of the Promise**

### ***Eternal***

John
F. Walvoord states that “The Abrahamic Covenant
is expressly declared to be eternal and therefore unconditional in numerous
passages (Gen 17:7, 13, 19; 1 Chron
16:17; Ps 105:10).”[11] God’s
promise to Abraham that he would raise up for him a seed is eternal; God’s
blessing to Abraham and his seed is also eternal. God promised in Genesis 13:15
to give Abraham and his seed the land on which he stood to keep forever. In
Genesis 17:8, God promised to give the land to Abraham and his seed as “an
everlasting possession.” God confirmed the covenant to Isaac in Genesis 26:2-5
and to Jacob in Genesis 35:11-12; this emphasizes the eternality of the covenant.
 Psalm 105:10 mentions the everlasting
covenant given to Jacob.

### ***Unconditional***

The
promise God made to Abraham was unconditional. This is clearly understood when
understood in the context of ancient mid-eastern culture. In Genesis 15:10-17,
God appeared to Abraham as a smoking furnace and a burning lamp and passed
between the pieces of the animals that Abraham had previously cut. This was a
sign that God was the one who bound Himself to fulfill the covenant to Abraham.
Jeremiah 34:18-19 indicates that the method of passing between animals cut in
two was a common way to make a covenant in that culture.

Another proof of
the unconditional aspect of the Abrahamic Covenant is the fact that God
declared it eternal and unchangeable. I Chronicles 16:17 says that God “hath
confirmed the same to Jacob for a law, and to Israel for an everlasting
covenant.”  Pentecost says, “The entire
Scriptural revelation concerning Israel and its future as contained in both the
Old and New Testaments, if interpreted literally, confirms and sustains the
unconditional character of the promises given to Abraham.”[12] Paul wrote in Galatians
3:14-18 that after four hundred and thirty years the covenant was still in
effect. Because the Bible confirms it, there should be no doubt that the
Abrahamic Covenant is unconditional.

## ***Literal***

The
Covenant that God made with Abraham was a literal covenant. Each of the
promises that God made would be literally fulfilled; Hebrews 11:8-17, the
biblical Hall of Faith, states that Abraham believed that God would literally
fulfill His promise and that he journeyed to the Promised Land because of his
belief. All three promises that God made to Abraham in His covenant were
literal.

### ***Literal Promise of the Land***

God’s promise to
give the land to Abraham was literal. In Genesis 12:7 God told Abraham that He
would give the land he was in to Abraham’s seed. Genesis 13:15 states the same:
God promised to literally give the land which Abraham sees to him and his seed
forever. God again told Abraham in Genesis 15:7 that He would literally give
Abraham the land.  The promise is so
literal that it spells out the extent of the land which God has given to
Abraham and his seed.  The giving of such
a section of land to one individual and his posterity is unparalleled in human
history apart from the case of Abraham.

### ***Literal Promise of the Seed***

God’s
promise to make a nation of Abraham was also literal. Genesis 12:2 states that
God promised to make of Abraham a great nation. God promised in Genesis 13:16
that he would make Abraham’s seed as the dust of the earth; this literally
meant that Abraham’s seed would be innumerable. In Genesis 15:5, God told
Abraham to look at the stars in the heavens; He then promised Abraham that his
seed would be just as the stars. God promised Abraham in Genesis 17:2 and 6
that He would multiply Abraham exceedingly and would make nations and kings of
him. In Genesis 22:17, God again promised Abraham that He would make his seed
as innumerable as the sand on the seashore.

In a literal sense, this seed consists of all
Abraham’s natural descendants through his promised son, Isaac, and his
grandson, Jacob.  Although Arabs may
legitimately claim natural descent from Abrahams, they do not descend from the
branch of his descendants chosen to receive the promises.  There is strong biblical basis for tracing
the Arab people back to Abraham through Hagar and her son Ishmael (Gen 16) as
well as through his last wife, Keturah (Gen 25:1-3)[13]

### ***Literal Promise** **of the Blessing***

God’s
promise to bless Abraham and his seed was literal. Genesis 12:2 says that God
promised Abraham that he would both be blessed and be a blessing. In Genesis
22:18 God promised to bless Abraham’s seed. This happened, and continues to
happen, literally. “Because the Messiah is the ultimate seed of Abraham, all
people—Jew or Gentile—who are related by faith to the Messiah are also
partakers of these spiritual blessings (Gal 3:7-9, 16).”[14]

### ***To the Nation of Israel***

The
Promise that God made to Abraham was specifically for the nation of Israel. God
told Abraham in Genesis 17:7 that He would establish His covenant with Abraham
and his seed. Romans 9:4 says that the covenants were given and pertain to the
Israelites. Ephesians 2:11-12 states that the Gentiles were “strangers from the
covenants of promise.” Because Abraham was the father of the nation of Israel
and the covenant was given to him and his seed, the covenant was for the nation
of Israel. Abraham begot Isaac, and Isaac begot Jacob and Esau; Jacob’s name
was changed to Israel after he wrestled with the angel of the Lord.

## **Child Covenants**

Three
covenants are nested in the Abrahamic covenant. These three covenants are the
Palestinian, Davidic, and New Covenants. The Palestinian Covenant was the
covenant concerning the promise of the land, the Davidic Covenant was about the
seed, and the New Covenant was about the blessing.

### ***Palestinian** **Covenant***

The
Palestinian Covenant dealt with the land of Palestine which was given initially
to Abraham, the founding father of the nation of Israel. The fact that the land
was given to the nation does not mean that the nation has always controlled or
even occupied the land.  The promise
includes a warning.  In Deuteronomy
28:63-68 states that God promised to disperse the people of Israel if they
disobeyed His commandments and to bring them to repentance while there were in
dispersion. He also promised to return them to the land if they returned to
worshiping Him. Another part of the Palestinian Covenant mentioned in
Deuteronomy 28 is the promise that God stated that He would judge Israel’s
oppressors and bestow prosperity upon the nation of Israel. These promises are
restated in Deuteronomy 30:1-9. They are also confirmed in Ezekiel 16:60-62,
Ezekiel 20: 33-37, and Ezekiel 42-44.[15] Pentecost gives several
reasons for the importance of the Palestinian Covenant.

Great importance is attached
to this covenant (1) in that it reaffirms to Israel, in no uncertain terms,
their title deed to the land of promise. (2) Further, the introduction of a
conditional covenant, under which Israel was then living, could and did not set
aside the original gracious promise concerning the purpose of God. (3) This
covenant is a confirmation and enlargement of the original Abrahamic Covenant.
This Palestinian covenant amplifies the *land*
features of the Abrahamic covenant. The amplification, coming after willful
unbelief and disobedience in the life of the nation, supports the contention
that the original promise was given to be fulfilled in spite of disobedience.[16]

Pentecost also
says that when one studies this covenant, one notices that Israel’s tie to the
land is extremely important. God even goes so far as to say that He will remove
all of Israel’s enemies from the land so that they might have it themselves.[17] The Palestinian Covenant
has not been fulfilled, since it implies the conversion of the entire nation of
Israel. “Israel must be converted as a nation, must be re-gathered from her
world-wide dispersion, must be installed in her land, which she is made to
possess, must witness the judgment of her enemies, and must receive the material
blessings vouchsafed to her.”[18] Pentecost goes on to say
that because these things are yet to be fulfilled, this covenant must be
considered a future covenant.

### ***Davidic Covenant***

The
Davidic Covenant dealt with the seed that was promised to Abraham. Genesis 17:6,
16 mention that among Abraham’s descendants would be kings. In Genesis 49:10,
Israel (Jacob) prophesied that the legitimate kings of Israel would come from
Judah. In II Samuel 7:11-16, God promised David that David’s son would succeed
him and continue his kingdom. God also promised that David’s son would rebuild
the temple, as David was not allowed to do so. This promise established David’s
throne forever. Jeremiah 33:20-21 states that this promise to David cannot be
broken. This is confirmed in Psalm 98:3-4 and Psalm 28-37. The Davidic Covenant
is shown to be an unconditional covenant in II Samuel 23:5. Pentecost states
that this covenant has not yet been literally fulfilled. He states several
things that must be fulfilled before the Davidic covenant is fulfilled.

(1) First of all, Israel
must be preserved as a nation…(2) Israel must have a national existence, and be
brought back into the land of her inheritance…(3) David’s Son, the Lord Jesus
Christ, must reurn to the earth, bodily and literally, in order to reign over
David’s covenant kingdom…(4) A literal earthly kingdom must be constituted over
which the returned Messiah reigns…(5) This kingdom must become an eternal
kingdom.[19]

Pentecost ends
this list by saying that these reasons are why the Davidic covenant is so
important to understanding what is to come.[20]

### ***New Covenant***

The
New Covenant deals with the entire nation of Israel and is the replacement of
the Mosaic Covenant. “The new covenant guarantees Israel a converted heart as the
foundation of all her blessings.”[21] In the time of the New
Covenant, the law will not be written on stone, but on men’s hearts. Whereas
Moses admonished the people often to teach the people, the children, and the
sojourners within their land that they might keep the law; God says that under
the new law, all will know Him, from the least to the greatest. Jeremiah
31:35-37 mentions and defines the New Covenant, which pertains to the
thousand-year reign of Christ. Hebrews 8:6, 8, and 13 all amplify the Jeremiah
passage. The new testament also “depends entire upon the ‘I will’ of God for
its’ fulfillment…It does not depend upon man.”[22] Pentecost writes that
there are many things which must happen for the New Covenant to be fulfilled.
Israel must “be restored to the land of Palestine, experience a national
conversion, be regenerated, receive the forgiveness of sins and the
implantation of a new heart.”[23] These are only a few
things which must occur for the fulfillment of the New Covenant.

## *The Confirmation of the Covenant*

After
Abraham died, God confirmed the covenant He had made with Abraham to Isaac,
Abraham’s son. In Genesis 26:3-4, God gives the same promises He made to
Abraham to Isaac. He promised to give Isaac the land, the blessing, and the
seed. “Isaac would be blessed ‘for the sake of my servant Abraham’.”[24] God reaffirmed His
covenant with Jacob in Genesis 35:11. When Jacob travels to Egypt in Genesis
46:27, God promises to bring him back to the Promised Land. Joseph’s sons both
receive a part in the inheritance, giving Joseph a double blessing.[25] God finally confirms His
covenant with Abraham’s descendants in Exodus 19:3-8.[26]

## *The Importance of the Abrahamic Covenant*

The
Abrahamic Covenant is foundational. It is “the fountain from which flowed all
of his redemptive purposes for Israel and mankind as a whole. In a real sense,
the remainder of the biblical account from Genesis 12 through Revelation is an
outworking of the covenant promises to the patriarch. Even Gentile believers
are included, at least in a spiritual sense, in its provisions.”[27]  All the nations of the earth have been
blessed by the seed promised to Abraham; the Messiah, the one born of the seed
of Abraham, came to be the Savior of all mankind and gave His blood as the
propitiation of the sins of all mankind.

The
Abrahamic Covenant has not been completely fulfilled yet. Pentecost says,

“This Abrahamic covenant,
which contained individual promises to Abraham, promises of the preservation of
a nation, and the possession of a land by that nation, was given to a specific covenant
people. Since it was unconditional and eternal, and has never yet been
fulfilled, it must await a future fulfillment, Israel must be preserved as a
nation, must inherit her land, and be blessed with spiritual blessings to make
this inheritance possible.”[28]

From the standpoint of eschatology,
the Abrahamic Covenant is crucial in regard to understanding God’s purpose for
Israel.  “It is safe to say that all
systems of prophetic interpretation especially as regarding unfulfilled
prophecy are determined in their main features by their attitude toward the
Abrahamic covenant.”[29]  God’s method of fulfilling prophecy is
literal fulfillment.  Sceptics may be confused
by the impossible and unnatural events which have been prophesied in Scripture
and fulfilled exactly as God prophesied, but it is history nonetheless.  No serious student of history can doubt that
God’s prophesies for Israel have been partially fulfilled.  The nation was great at one time. The man
Abraham was blessed, as have been those throughout history who have been kind
to his people.  Those who have cursed his
people have been cursed.  (The ancient
civilizations who took strong stands against the Israelites are no more and their
peoples have no distinct identity today.)
All families of the earth have been blessed through the Messiah.  However, the covenant given to Abraham was unconditional,
literal, and eternal, and today the nation of Israel is not great nor would
historians of today see them as prosperous.
Throughout history the Jews have forsaken their God, and since the crucifixion
of their Messiah some 2000 years ago, they exist in unbelief.  For this reason, God has set them aside and
is calling out a people for His name from every tribe and nation.  Even in this age, God is using the Word of
God (provided and preserved through the Jews) to convince receptive hearts of
the fact that the Messiah of the Jews is the Savior of the world.  In this regard, the Jews continue to be a
blessing to Gentiles and Jews today.
However for God’s Word to be true, there must be a final chapter to the
story of history in which the nation of Israel is great and all nations prosper
because of this.

Though
the nation as a whole exists today in unbelief having rejected their Messiah
when they had Him crucified, God is not finished with them or does He transfer
their promises to any other peoples.  In
the days of Jeremiah when Israel was in apostasy, in chapter 35 the prophet
quoted Jehovah as saying if either the heavens or the earth could be measured
then he would cast off the seed of Israel for their unbelief.  This will never happen; God’s promises will
be literally fulfilled.

Today
some claim that because of Israel’s unbelief, the Church has become the
recipient of God’s promises.  The church
has no right to the promises given to Israel other than that individuals who
become the children of Abraham through the new birth are heirs of the spiritual
blessings connected with their relationship through Christ. Galatians 3:7-9
speak of the universal blessing in the Abrahamic Covenant as being applicable
to the Church.  The specific blessings
concerning the nation and the land are not for the Church.  God said to Abraham in Genesis 15, “…to your descendants I give this land, from the river
of Egypt to the great river, the Euphrates River–the land of the Kenites,
Kenizzites, Kadmonites, Hittites, Perizzites, Pephaites, Amorites, Canaanits,
Girgashites, and Jebusites.”  At no time
in the history of Israel has Israel occupied all this land. However, God said
it would happen.  This remains to be
fulfilled at such a time as the literal nation of Israel possesses the literal
land.

All the
prophecies in Scripture, and they are abundant, dealing with Israel’s future
are evidence in themselves for Israel’s preservation as a nation. Some are
particularly vital, however. Among them is the prophecy of Israel’s future
regathering. This fact is stated so often and so explicitly and so
unconditionally that it is difficult to understand why it has been overlooked
(Deut 30:3; Isa 11:11, 12; 27:12, 13 ; 35:10 ; 49:8-16 ; Jer 23:1-8; 30:8-11 ;
31:8-14 ; etc.). It is true that a partial return to the land was realized in
the return of the pilgrims of Ezra and Nehemiah, but the language of the
prophets in no wise is fulfilled by this return. In Isaiah and Jeremiah the
return of Israel is connected with the glorious and visible kingdom of Christ
on earth and associated with the time of the fulfillment of the New Covenant
with Israel. It is declared to be a time of triumph of Israel over all her
persecutors, and it is revealed to be a time when the whole world will give
honor to Israel. Such has never been the case, and if Scripture is to be
fulfilled, Israel’s regathering is yet future.[30]

The final chapter of Israel’s history when
she again will turn in full faith to her God, she will possess the land of her
inheritance in entirety, and she will be a blessing to the entire world is yet
future, but in no way uncertain.

[1]NA. “What is a Covenant?” http://carm.org/questions-covenant

[2]
McLaughlin, Ra. Conditional and Unconditional Covenants http://thirdmill.org/answers/answer.asp/file/40328

[3] Pentecost, J. Dwight. *Things to Come: A Study in Biblical Escatology.* (Grand Rapids, MI.
Zondervan Publishing House, 1958), 72.

[4] Merrill, Eugene H. “The
Covenant With Abraham: The Keystone of Biblical Architecture.”

[5] Renald E. Showers, *There Really is a Difference*. (Bellmawr:
Friends of Israel, 1990), 57.

[6] Wolf, Herbert*. An Introduction to the Old Testament*
Pentateuch. *Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 1991, pg. 131*

[7] Ibid.

[8] https://bible.org/seriespage/eschatological-problems-vi-fulfillment-abrahamic-covenant

[9] Ryrie,
Charles C. *Basic Theology.* (Chicago,
Moody Press, 1981), 453.

**[10]** Ibid

[11] Walvoord, John F. “Millennial Series: Part 13: The
Abrahamic Covenant and Premillennialism” http://www.galaxie.com/article/bsac109-433-03?highlight=abrahamic%20covenant%20eternal%20aspect

[12] Pentecost, J. Dwight. *Things to Come: A Study in Biblical Eschatology.*
(Grand Rapids, MI. Zondervan Publishing

House, 1958)

[13] Varner, Will. “The
Abrahamic Covenant.” *Israel My Glory*.
The Friends of Israel Gospel Ministry, Inc., 1993

[14] Ibid.

[15] Varner, Will. “The
Abrahamic Covenant.” *Israel My Glory*.
The Friends of Israel Gospel Ministry, Inc., 1993.

[16] Pentecost,
J. Dwight. *Things to Come: A Study in*
Biblical Eschatology. *(Grand Rapids, MI. Zondervan Publishing House, 1958),*
96

[17] Pentecost, J. Dwight. *Things to Come: A Study in Biblical Eschatology.*
(Grand Rapids, MI. Zondervan Publishing House, 1958), 96

[18] Pentecost, J. Dwight. *Things to Come: A Study in Biblical Eschatology.*
(Grand Rapids, MI. Zondervan Publishing House, 1958), 98-99.

[19] Pentecost, J. Dwight. *Things to Come: A Study in Biblical Eschatology.*
(Grand Rapids, MI. Zondervan Publishing House, 1958), 114-115.

[20] Pentecost, J. Dwight. *Things to Come: A Study in Biblical Eschatology.*
(Grand Rapids, MI. Zondervan Publishing House, 1958), 114-115.

[21] Pentecost, J. Dwight. *Things to Come: A Study in Biblical Eschatology.*
(Grand Rapids, MI. Zondervan Publishing House, 1958), 116

[22] Pentecost, J. Dwight. *Things to Come: A Study in Biblical Eschatology.*
(Grand Rapids, MI. Zondervan Publishing House, 1958), 118

[23] Pentecost, J. Dwight. *Things to Come: A Study in Biblical*
Eschatology. *(Grand Rapids, MI. Zondervan Publishing House, 1958), 128*

[24] Wolf, Herbert*. An Introduction to the Old Testament*
Pentateuch. *Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 1991, pg. 133*

[25] Wolf, Herbert*. An Introduction to the Old Testament Pentateuch.*
Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 1991, pg. 134

[26] Archer, Gleason L. *A Survey of Old Testament: Introduction.* Chicago,
IL, Moody Publishers, 2007, 208

[27] Varner, Will. “The
Abrahamic Covenant.” *Israel My Glory*.
The Friends of Israel Gospel Ministry, Inc., 1993.

[28] Pentecost, J. Dwight. *Things to Come: A Study in Biblical Eschatology.*
(Grand Rapids, MI. Zondervan Publishing House, 1958), 93

[29] https://bible.org/seriespage/eschatological-problems-vi-fulfillment-abrahamic-covenant

[30]
The Covenants (unpublished dissertation presented to the Dallas Theological
Seminary Faculty, 1942), p. 181.

## For further studies, see also:

Genesis Outline

Exodus Outline

Leviticus Outline

Numbers Outline

Deuteronomy Outline