recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Northern White-tailed Bumblebee

***Bombus magnus*** is a species of bumblebee. It is native to Europe. It is known by the common name **northern white-tailed bumblebee**.

## Description

This species is very similar to the white-tailed bumblebee (*B. lucorum*), the buff-tailed bumblebee (*B. terrestris*), and the cryptic bumblebee (*B. cryptarum*). They are difficult to identify, even by experts, and several methods have been used to differentiate them. Computer software has been used to identify patterns.

A diagnostic feature of species is the sensillum placodeum on the antennae. With respect to the sensillum, if there is a different morphology, then it is likely that these two or more species are different from one another based on phylogenetic speciation. Another problem is discerning a difference between species. “Cryptic species are those that satisfy an accepted concept of species, but which are closely similar or identical in morphology.” Many times, a specimen will be classified a member of a species based on its similarities to another member of that species. In the case of *B. magnus*, several taxonomists have argued that it is part of a long-ignored species, or really part of another species and was misidentified. Several species in the subgenus *Bombus* may actually be species complexes. *B. magnus*, *B. lucorum*, and *B. cryptarum* are referred to as the "white-tailed bumblebee complex".

Another method of species identification is to compare the labial gland secretions of the males. The secretions of *B. magnus* and the sympatric *B. cryptarum* both contain ethyl dodecanoate, suggesting they may be closely related.

Certain restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) in the mitochondrial DNA of *B. magnus* and its close relatives have been analyzed, revealing unique patterns that differentiate them from each other.

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Yellow-bellied Sea Snake

***Hydrophis platurus***, commonly known as the **yellow-bellied sea snake**, **yellowbelly sea snake** or **pelagic sea snake**, is a species of snake from the subfamily Hydrophiinae (the sea snakes) found in tropical oceanic waters around the world, excluding the Atlantic Ocean. It was the only member of the genus *Pelamis* but recent molecular evidence suggests that it is more closely related to the species of the genus *Hydrophis*.

## Description

The yellow-bellied sea snake, as the name implies, has a distinctive bicolor pattern with a yellow underbelly and brown back, making it easily distinguishable from other sea snake species. Yellow-bellied sea snakes, like many other species of sea snake, are fully adapted to living their whole lives at sea: mating, eating and giving birth to live young (ovoviviparous). Adaptations to aquatic life include the reduced ventral scale size, laterally compressed body and paddle-tail for swimming, valved nostrils and palatine seal for excluding seawater, and cutaneous gas exchange for prolonging dive times. This species can uptake up to 33% of its oxygenrequirements through the skin while diving and swimming at the surface of the water. Sea snakes also have a special salt gland located in the lower jaw that was formerly believed to filter out salt from the surrounding seawater but has been found not to be used for that purpose, as sea snakes drink fresh water only.

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Muraenidae (Moray Eels)

**Moray eels**, or **Muraenidae**, are a cosmopolitan family of eels. The approximately 200 species in 15 genera are almost exclusively marine, but several species are regularly seen in brackish water, and a very few are found in fresh water.

The smallest moray eel is probably Snyder's moray (*Anarchias leucurus*), which attains a maximum length of 11.5 cm (4.5 in), while the longest species, the slender giant moray (*Strophidon sathete*) reaches up to 4 m (13 ft). The largest in terms of total mass is the giant moray (*Gymnothorax javanicus*), which reaches 3 m (9.8 ft) in length and 30 kg (66 lb) in weight.

The English name, from the early 17th century, derives from the Portuguese **moréia**, which itself derives from the Latin **mūrēna**, in turn from the Greek **muraina**, a kind of eel.

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## Genus and Species

* Gymnothorax
	+ G. javanicus (Giant Moray)
Stercorariidae (Skuas)

The **skuas** /ˈskjuːə/ are a group of seabirds with about seven species forming the family **Stercorariidae** and the genus ***Stercorarius***. The three smaller skuas are called **jaegers** in American English.

The English word "skua" comes from the Faroese name *skúgvur* [ˈskɪkvʊər] for the great skua, with the island of Skúvoy renowned for its colony of that bird. The general Faroese term for skuas is *kjógvi* [ˈtʃɛkvə]. The word "jaeger" is derived from the German word *Jäger*, meaning "hunter". The genus name *Stercorarius* is Latin and means "of dung"; the food disgorged by other birds when pursued by skuas was once thought to be excrement.

Skuas nest on the ground in temperate and Arctic regions, and are long-distance migrants. They have even been sighted at the South Pole.

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## Genus and Species

* Stercorarius
	+ S. skua (Great Skua)
Rough-skinned Newt

The **rough-skinned newt** or **roughskin newt** (*Taricha granulosa*) is a North American newt known for the strong toxin exuded from its skin.

## Description

A stocky newt with rounded snout, it ranges from light brown to olive or brownish-black on top, with the underside, including the head, legs, and tail, a contrasting orange to yellow. The skin is granular, but males are smooth-skinned during breeding season. They measure 6 to 9 cm in snout-to-vent length, and 11 to 18 cm overall. They are similar to the California newt (*Taricha torosa*) but differ in having smaller eyes, yellow irises, V-shaped tooth patterns, and uniformly dark eyelids. Males can be distinguished from females during breeding season by large swollen vent lobes and cornified toe pads.

Habitats of rough-skinned newts are found throughout the West Coast of the United States and British Columbia. Their range extends south to Santa Cruz, California, and north to Alaska. They are uncommon east of the Cascade Mountains, though occasionally are found (and considered exotic, and possibly artificially introduced) as far as Montana. One isolated population lives in several ponds just north of Moscow, Idaho, and was most likely introduced.

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Yellow-banded Bumblebee

***Bombus terricola***, the **yellow-banded bumblebee**, is a species of bee in the genus *Bombus*. It is native to southern Canada and the east and midwest of the United States. It possesses complex behavioral traits, such as the ability to adapt to a queenless nest, choose which flower to visit, and regulate its temperature to fly during cold weather. It was at one time a common species, but has declined in numbers since the late 1990s, likely due to urban development and parasite infection. It is a good pollinator of wild flowers and crops such as alfalfa, potatoes, raspberries, and cranberries.

## Description

The yellow-banded bumblebee is black and yellowish-tan, and has a characteristic fringe of short yellow-brown hairs on its fifth abdominal segment. The queen is about 18 mm (0.7 in) long. The front half of the thorax is yellowish-brown, as are segments 2, 3 and 4 and the sides of segment 6 of the abdomen. The other parts of the thorax and abdomen are black. The worker is similar in appearance to the queen but smaller at a length of 9 to 14 mm (0.35 to 0.55 in). The male is intermediate in size, being 13 to 17 mm (0.5 to 0.7 in) long. In the male, abdominal segments 2, 3, and 7 are yellowish-brown as are usually the sides of abdominal segment 6.

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Stonefish

***Synanceia verrucosa*** is a fish species known as the stonefish or ***Oclap***. It is a carnivorous ray-finned fish with venomous spines. It lives on reef bottoms camouflagedas a rock. It is the most venomous known fish in the world. It can be lethal to humans.

## Description

This stonefish is usually brown or gray, and it may have areas of yellow, orange or red. This species reaches 30 to 40 centimeters long; a specimen of 51 centimeters has been recorded.

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Smokybrown Cockroach

The **smokybrown cockroach** (*Periplaneta fuliginosa*) is a large species of cockroach, winged, and growing to a length of 1¼–1⅜ in.

## Description

Although closely related to the American cockroach (*Periplaneta americana*), the smokybrown cockroach is readily distinguishable from it by its uniformly dark brown–mahogany coloration. Furthermore, unlike the American cockroach, which possess a light-rimmed pattern on its thorax, the smokybrown cockroach's thorax is dark and shiny.

The smokybrown cockroach is very common in Japan, as well as the southern United States and tropical climates; notably, it can be found in Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas, and other moist Gulf coastal states, and along the southern Mississippi River. The cockroach can also be found in Australia, such as in warmer cities like Sydney and Brisbane.

The smokybrown cockroach prefers warmer climates and is not cold-tolerant. It may, however, be able to survive colder climates by going indoors. In addition to this, it fares well in moist conditions and appears to be particularly prevalent in moist concealed areas. It often lives around the perimeter of buildings.

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Strigidae (True Owls)

The **true owls** or **typical owls** (family **Strigidae**) are one of the two generally accepted families of owls, the other being the barn owls (Tytonidae). The Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy unites the Caprimulgiformes with the owl order; here, the typical owls are a subfamily **Striginae**. This is unsupported by more recent research (see Cypselomorphae for details), but the relationships of the owls in general are still unresolved. This large family comprises nearly 220 living species in 25 genera. The typical owls have a cosmopolitan distribution and are found on every continent except Antarctica.

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## Genus and Species

* Bubo
	+ B. bubo (Eurasian Eagle-owl)
	+ B. virginianus (Great Horned Owl)
* Ninox
	+ N. strenua (Powerful Owl)
* Strix
	+ S. aluco (Tawny Owl)
	+ S. varia (Barred Owl)
Serpent Island Centipede

***Scolopendra abnormis*** (**Serpent Island centipede**) is a species of centipede in the family Scolopendridae that is endemic to Mauritius. It only occurs on two outlying islands, Round Island and Serpent Island. On Serpent Island it is very common, reaching densities of 12 adults per square metre in suitable habitat.

## Description

*Scolopendra abnormis* grow to at least 95 mm (3.7 in) in length, with the specimens from Serpent Island being slightly larger than those from Round Island. Their overall colour is yellowish. They do not show escape reactions when exposed.

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Uranoscopidae (Stargazers)

The **stargazers** are a family, **Uranoscopidae**, of perciform fish that have eyes on top of their heads (hence the name). The family includes about 51 species (one extinct) in eight genera, all marine and found worldwide in shallow and deep saltwaters.

In addition to the top-mounted eyes, a stargazer also has a large, upward-facing mouth in a large head. Their usual habit is to bury themselves in sand, and leap upwards to ambush prey (benthic fish and invertebrates) that pass overhead. Some species have a worm-shaped lure growing out of the floors of their mouths, which they can wiggle to attract prey's attention. Both the dorsal and anal fins are relatively long; some lack dorsal spines. Lengths range from 18 up to 90 cm, for the giant stargazer *Kathetostoma giganteum*.

Stargazers are venomous; they have two large venomous spines situated behind their opercles and above their pectoral fins. The species within the genera *Astroscopus* and *Uranoscopus* can also cause electric shocks. *Astroscopus* species have a single electric organ consisting of modified eye muscles, while *Uranoscopus* species have theirs derived from sonic muscles. They are some of the few marine bioelectrogenic bony fishes, the other being the striped catfish. These two genera within stargazers are out of eight total independent evolutions of bioelectrogenesis. They are also unique among electric fish in not possessing specialized electroreceptors.

Stargazers are a delicacy in some cultures (the venom is not poisonous when eaten), and they can be found for sale in some fish markets with the electric organ removed. Because stargazers are ambush predators which camouflage themselves and some can deliver both venom and electric shocks, they have been called "the meanest things in creation" The fish is often locally known as the mother-in-law fish.

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## Genus and Species

* Uranoscopus
	+ U. scaber (Atlantic Stargazer)
Splayed Deer Fly

***Chrysops caecutiens***, common name **splayed deer fly**, is a species of horse fly belonging to the family Tabanidae.

## Description

*Chrysops caecutiens* reaches a length of about 8.5–10 millimetres (0.33–0.39 in). The mesonotum and the scutellum are glossy black with yellow-brown hairs. The compound eyes have red and green reflections, with dark spots. The transparent wings have dark brown patches, located at the top and at the centre of each wing. The abdomen shows distinct black inverted-V marking (hence the common name of "splayed" deer fly). The legs are black, included the tibiae on the middle pair of legs. They are active from May to September.

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Taiga Tick

***Ixodes persulcatus***, the **taiga tick**, is a species of hard-bodied tick distributed from Europe through central and northern Asia to the People’s Republic of China and Japan. The sexual dimorphism of the species is marked, the male being much smaller than the female. Hosts include wild and domestic ungulates, man, dog, rabbit, and other small mammals including the dormouse, Amur hedgehog, and occasionally birds.

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Latrodectus rhodesiensis

***Latrodectus rhodesiensis*** is a species of spider in the family Theridiidae, found in southern Africa. It is one of six species of *Latrodectus* found in southern Africa, two of which, including *L. rhodesiensis*, are known as brown button or brown widow spiders. Like all *Latrodectus* species, *L. rhodesiensis* has a neurotoxic venom. It acts on nerve endings, causing the very unpleasant symptoms of latrodectism when humans are bitten, although brown button spiders are not generally as venomous as black button or black widow spiders, such as *L. indistinctus*.

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Octopoda (Octopus)

The **octopus** (/ˈɒktəpəs/ or ~/pʊs/) is a soft-bodied, eight-armed mollusc of the order **Octopoda**. Around 300 species are recognised and the order is grouped within the class Cephalopoda with squids, cuttlefish and nautiloids. Like other cephalopods, the octopus is bilaterally symmetric with two eyes and a beak, with its mouth at the centre point of the arms (which are sometimes mistakenly called "tentacles"). The soft body can rapidly alter its shape, enabling octopuses to squeeze through small gaps. They trail their eight arms behind them as they swim. The siphon is used both for respiration and for locomotion, by expelling a jet of water. Octopuses have a complex nervous system and excellent sight, and are among the most intelligent and behaviourally diverse of all invertebrates.

Octopuses inhabit various regions of the ocean, including coral reefs, pelagic waters, and the seabed; some live in the intertidal zone and others at abyssal depths. Most species grow fast, mature early and are short-lived. During breeding, the male uses a specially adapted arm to deliver a bundle of sperm directly into the female's mantle cavity, after which he becomes senescent and dies. The female deposits fertilised eggs in a den and cares for them until they hatch, after which she also dies.

Strategies to defend themselves against predators include the expulsion of ink, the use of camouflage and threat displays, their ability to jet quickly through the water, and their ability to hide. All octopuses are venomous, but only the blue-ringed octopuses are known to be deadly to humans.

Octopuses appear in mythology as sea monsters like the Kraken of Norway and the Akkorokamui of the Ainu, and probably the Gorgon of ancient Greece. A battle with an octopus appears in Victor Hugo's book *Toilers of the Sea*, inspiring other works such as Ian Fleming's *Octopussy*. Octopuses appear in Japanese erotic art, *shunga*. They are eaten by humans in many parts of the world, especially the Mediterranean and the Asian seas.

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## Families

* Enteroctopodidae
* Octopodidae
Squamata

The **Squamata**, or the **scaled reptiles**, are the largest recent order of reptiles, comprising all lizards and snakes. With over 10,000 species, it is also the second-largest order of extant vertebrates, after the perciform fish, and roughly equal in number to the Saurischia (one of the two major groups of dinosaurs). Members of the order are distinguished by their skins, which bear horny scales or shields. They also possess movable quadrate bones, making it possible to move the upper jaw relative to the neurocranium. This is particularly visible in snakes, which are able to open their mouths very wide to accommodate comparatively large prey. They are the most variably sized order of reptiles, ranging from the 16 mm (0.63 in) dwarf gecko (*Sphaerodactylus ariasae*) to the 5.21 m (17.1 ft) green anaconda (*Eunectes murinus*) and the now-extinct mosasaurs, which reached lengths of 14 m (46 ft).

Among the other reptiles, squamates are most closely related to the tuatara, which strongly resembles lizards.

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## Families

* Boidae
* Colubridae
* Elapidae
* Iguanidae
* Pythonidae
* Varanidae
* Viperidae
Periplaneta japanna

***Periplaneta japanna*** is a subtropical field-dwelling cockroach endemic to southern Japan. The Japanese common name, ウルシゴキブリ, means urushi cockroach, or lacquer tree cockroach.

Nymphs and adults are a dark black, and typically live under stones and pieces of wood. Their ability to bore or live in rotting wood enables their spread via ocean currents.

The species is found on several Japanese islands, distributed continuously from Japan’s southwestern Ryukyu Islands chain to the south of Kiyushu Island, and on Hachijō-jima Island.

Nymph specimens from Hachijō-jima Island and Naha, Okinawa responded to photoperiodic stimulii quite differently during laboratory-induced diapause tests. This “might be regarded as the result of divergent evolution” between the parapatric populations.

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Notonecta maculata

***Notonecta maculata*** is a backswimmer of the family Notonectidae, found in Europe, including the United Kingdom.

## Description

*Notonecta maculata* are small, light brown insects of the order Hemiptera. These animals have a number of dark markings on their wings and body, and have large reddish eyes. Their hind legs are modified to be oar-shaped, to allow them to swim in water.

These animals can grow up to 2 centimeters in length in their adult stage.

This individual species can be distinguished from other *Notonecta* species by their mottled brick-coloured forewings.

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Western Black-legged Tick

***Ixodes pacificus***, the **Western black-legged tick**, is a species of *Ixodes*, a parasitic tick found on the western coast of North America. It is the principal vector of Lyme Disease in that region.

## Description

Belonging to the family *Ixodidae*, the western black-legged tick is considered a slow-feeding hard tick which possesses a plated body armor. It is primarily found in the western region of the United States, particularly in northern California.

An adult male is around 1/10 of an inch, oval-shaped, and brownish-black in color. Due to the presence of a scutum on the dorsal side of the male, they are unable to feed in large quantities. Therefore, males of this species are unable to become engorged

An unfed adult female is around 1/8 of an inch in size, has a brown-black plate on the anterior back, an orange abdomen, and forward-projecting mouth-parts which enable feeding. While feeding, the adult female may engorge and expand to 3/8 of an inch or longer.

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Hyaenidae (Hyenas)

**Hyenas** or **hyaenas** (from Greek ὕαινα *hýaina*) are any feliform carnivoran mammals of the family **Hyaenidae** /haɪˈɛnɪdiː/. With only four extant species, it is the fifth-smallest biological family in the Carnivora, and one of the smallest in the class Mammalia. Despite their low diversity, hyenas are unique and vital components of most African ecosystems.

Although phylogenetically they are closer to felines and viverrids, and belong to the feliform category, hyenas are behaviourally and morphologically similar to canines in several elements of convergent evolution; both hyenas and canines are non-arboreal, cursorial hunters that catch prey with their teeth rather than claws. Both eat food quickly and may store it, and their calloused feet with large, blunt, nonretractable claws are adapted for running and making sharp turns. However, the hyenas' grooming, scent marking, defecating habits, mating and parental behaviour are consistent with the behaviour of other feliforms. Spotted hyenas may kill as many as 95% of the animals they eat, while striped hyenas are largely scavengers. Generally, hyenas are known to drive off larger predators, like lions, from their kills, despite having a reputation in popular culture for being cowardly. Hyenas are primarily nocturnal animals, but sometimes venture from their lairs in the early-morning hours. With the exception of the highly social spotted hyena, hyenas are generally not gregarious animals, though they may live in family groups and congregate at kills.

Hyenas first arose in Eurasia during the Miocene period from viverrid-like ancestors, and diversified into two distinct types: lightly built dog-like hyenas and robust bone-crushing hyenas. Although the dog-like hyenas thrived 15 million years ago (with one taxon having colonised North America), they became extinct after a change in climate along with the arrival of canids into Eurasia. Of the dog-like hyena lineage, only the insectivorous aardwolf survived, while the bone-crushing hyenas (including the extant spotted, brown and striped hyenas) became the undisputed top scavengers of Eurasia and Africa.

Hyenas feature prominently in the folklore and mythology of human cultures with which they are sympatric. Hyenas are commonly viewed as frightening and worthy of contempt. In some cultures, hyenas are thought to influence people’s spirits, rob graves, and steal livestock and children. Other cultures associate them with witchcraft, using their body parts in traditional African medicine.

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## Genus and Species

* Crocuta
	+ C. crocuta (Spotted Hyena)
Sirex Woodwasp

The **Sirex woodwasp** (*Sirex noctilio*) is a species of horntail, native to Europe, Asia, and northern Africa. Adults vary in length from 9 to 36 mm (0.35 to 1.42 in).

This woodwasp is an invasive species in many parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, North America, South America, and South Africa, where it has become a significant economic pest of pine trees. The wasp can attack a wide variety of pine species, although some species seem to be more susceptible than others, and stressed trees often are attacked.

During oviposition, the female wasp lays two eggs with or without a mucoid substance and a symbiotic fungus for the larvae to feed on once they hatch. The mucoid substance is toxic to trees and aids in tree decline. The ascospores from the symbiotic fungus, *Amylostereum areolatum*, are also pathogenic.

## Description

The Sirex woodwasp has a sturdy, cylindrical body without a waist, but with a pointed abdomen. The female body is 15–36 mm (0.59–1.42 in), and the male is 9–32 mm (0.35–1.26 in) long. Both sexes have long, black, bristle-shaped antennae, which are rather close together.

The body of the male is black, except for the orange middle part of the abdomen. The wings are yellowish-translucent and the antennae are black. The front pair of legs have a yellowish-orange colour, the back pair is heavily thickened and is coloured black on the posterior splint and tarsus, while the femur is orange.

The females are iron blue, and have orange legs and black antennae. This is a notable distinction from *Sirex juvencus*, which has red antennae. The females also have yellowish wings. The ovipositor is below the tapering tip of the abdomen. The sting is connected with the mycetangia, which are special organs on the abdomen, where the female stores the oidiae (asexual fungus spores), from broken segments of hyphae. These spores are deposited, together with the eggs, in the host tree wood to germinate. Both larvae and adults have strong mandibles and can drill through lead plates.

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Red-bellied Piranha

The **red-bellied piranha**, also known as the **red piranha** (*Pygocentrus nattereri*), is a species of piranha native to South America, found in the Amazon, Paraguay, Paraná and Essequibo basins, as well as coastal rivers of northeastern Brazil. This fish is locally abundant in its freshwater habitat. They are omnivorous foragers and feed on insects, worms, crustaceans and fish. They are not a migratory species, but do travel to seek out conditions conducive to breeding and spawning during periods of increased rainfall. Red-bellied piranhas often travel in shoals as a predatory defense, but rarely exhibit group hunting behavior. Acoustic communication is common, and is sometimes exhibited along with aggressive behaviors. Through media influence, the red-bellied piranha has developed a reputation as a ferocious predator, though this is not actually the case. They are a popular aquarium fish.

## Description

The red-bellied piranha has a popular reputation as a ferocious predator, despite being primarily a scavenger. As their name suggests, red-bellied piranhas have a reddish tinge to the belly when fully grown, although juveniles are a silver color with darker spots. The species can reach up to 3.9 kg (8.6 lb) in weight and 50 cm (20 in) in standard length, but rarely surpass 35 cm (14 in). The rest of the body is often grey with silver-flecked scales. Sometimes, blackish spots appear behind the gills and the anal fin is usually black at the base. The pectoral and pelvic fins may vary from red to orange. Females can be distinguished from males by the slightly deeper red color of their bellies.

The red-bellied piranha is typically found in white water rivers, such as the Amazon River Basin, and in some streams and lakes. Sometimes, they may inhabit flooded forests such as those found in the Brazilian Amazon. They live in shoals but do not group hunt, although they may occasionally enter into feeding frenzies. In the case of a feeding frenzy, schools of piranha will converge on one large prey individual, and eat it within minutes. These attacks are usually extremely rare and are due to provocation or starvation. Breeding occurs over a two-month period during the rainy season, but that can vary by area. Females will lay around 5,000 eggs on newly submerged vegetation in nests that are built by the males.

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Southern Saltmarsh Mosquito

***Aedes camptorhynchus***, the **southern saltmarsh mosquito**, is responsible for transmitting the Ross River virus, which causes Ross River fever.

The mosquito had become established in New Zealand, after it was accidentally transported from Australia to Hawke’s Bay, in 1998 from where it dispersed to another 10 localities mainly on the North Island. It was declared to be eradicated in 2010.

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Leopard Seal

The **leopard seal** (*Hydrurga leptonyx*), also referred to as the **sea leopard**, is the second largest species of seal in the Antarctic (after the southern elephant seal). Along with all of the other earless seals, it belongs to the family Phocidae. It is in the tribe of Lobodontini seals, and is the only species in the genus ***Hydrurga***. The name *hydrurga* means "water worker" and *leptonyx* is the Greek for "small clawed". It is second only to the killer whale among Antarctica's top predators.

## Description

The leopard seal has a distinctively long and muscular body shape, when compared to other seals. This species of seal is known for its massive head and jaws that allow it to be one of the top predators in its environment. A notable key feature of leopard seals are their counter-shaded coats. A counter-shaded coat is when the dorsal side of the coat is darker, than ventral side. So, in leopard seals they have a silver to dark gray blended coat that make up its distinctive "leopard" coloration. Whereas, the ventral side of the coat are paler in color- ranging from white to light gray. Females are slightly larger than the males. The overall length of this seal is 2.4–3.5 m (7.9–11.5 ft) and weight is from 200 to 600 kilograms (440 to 1,320 lb). They are about the same length as the northern walrus, but usually less than half the weight.

Its front teeth are sharp like those of other carnivores, but its molars lock together in a way that allows them to sieve krill from the water, in the manner of the crabeater seal.

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Southern Two-striped Walkingstick

***Anisomorpha buprestoides*** (Southern Two-Striped Walkingstick, Devil Rider, or Musk Mare) is a stick insect (Order Phasmatodea: otherwise known as "phasmids" or walkingsticks) which occurs throughout the southeastern United States.

## Description

*Anisomorpha buprestoides* is a large, stout (for a stick insect) brown phasmid with three conspicuous longitudinal black stripes. Females average 67.7 mm in length; males are smaller and more slender, averaging 41.7 mm.

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Holothuriida

**Holothuriida** is an unranked clade of sea cucumbers, but is referred to as an order. Taxa within Holothuriida were previously classified in the order Aspidochirotida, which was determined to be polyphyletic in 2017. Some taxa were also reclassified into the clades Synallactida and Persiculida.

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Siluriformes (Catfish)

**Catfish** (or **catfishes**; order **Siluriformes** or **Nematognathi**) are a diverse group of ray-finned fish. Named for their prominent barbels, which resemble a cat's whiskers, catfish range in size and behavior from the three largest species, the Mekong giant catfish from Southeast Asia, the wels catfish of Eurasia and the piraíbaof South America, to detritivores (species that eat dead material on the bottom), and even to a tiny parasitic species commonly called the candiru, *Vandellia cirrhosa*. There are armour-plated types and there are also naked types, neither having scales. Despite their name, not all catfish have prominent barbel. Members of the Siluriformes order are defined by features of the skull and swimbladder. Catfish are of considerable commercial importance; many of the larger species are farmed or fished for food. Many of the smaller species, particularly the genus *Corydoras*, are important in the aquarium hobby. Many catfish are nocturnal, but others (many Auchenipteridae) are crepuscular or diurnal (most Loricariidae or Callichthyidae, for example).

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## Families

* Malapteruridae
* Sisoridae
Maratus sceletus

***Maratus sceletus*** (colloquially named **skeletorus**) is a species of the genus *Maratus* (peacock spiders), an Australian member of the jumping spiderfamily. Described in 2015, they have been collected only in Wondul Range National Park in southern Queensland. The species name is derived from the Latin *sceletus*"skeleton", from its distinctive body pattern.

Like other *Maratus* spiders, the males of the species engage in an elaborate courtship display. The male is black with prominent white stripes and markings across its carapace and legs.

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Sydney Funnel-web Spider

The **Sydney funnel-web spider** (*Atrax robustus*) is a species of venomous mygalomorph spider native to eastern Australia, usually found within a 100 km (62 mi) radius of Sydney. It is a member of a group of spiders known as Australian funnel-web spiders. Its bite is capable of causing serious injury or death in humans if left untreated.

The Sydney funnel-web is medium to large in size, with body length ranging from 1 to 5 cm (0.4 to 2 in). Both sexes are glossy and darkly colored, ranging from blue-black, to black, to brown or dark-plum colored.

## Description

The Sydney funnel-web is medium to large in size, with body length ranging from 1 to 5 cm (0.4 to 2 in). Both sexes are glossy and darkly colored, ranging from blue-black, to black, to brown or dark-plum colored. The carapace covering the cephalothorax is almost hairless and appears smooth and glossy. Another characteristic are finger-like spinnerets at the end of their abdomen. The shorter-lived male is smaller than the female but longer legged. The average leg length for the spider in general is six to seven centimeters.

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Pilosa

The order **Pilosa** is a group of placental mammals, extant today only in the Americas. It includes the anteaters and sloths, including the extinct ground sloths, which became extinct about 10,000 years ago. The name comes from the Latin word for "hairy". Pilosans are good examples of ecological harmony. Anteaters, for example, feed lightly and for a short time at any one ant nest, allowing the colony to regrow easily. Also, sloths' fur is home to many insects, as well as a type of algae that helps camouflage the sloths.

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Féren

La Férennie ou plus couramment appelé Féren, est une province a l'Ouest de l'Onirique.

Etant l'une des plus puissantes provinces du continent, elle a vécue de nombreuses guerres et c'est le cœur même du Grand Désastre. C'est la patrie originelle des Férenniens.

**Géographie**

La Férennie est très tempéré, la majorité de la province est recouverte de forets,de lacs et de collines. Cependant, le sud est plus méridional, avec de l'herbe sèche, des pins et de petites criques ou s'écrasent les vagues de la Baie Aldennis. La frontière de l'Est se délimite par la grande chaîne de montagnes ou siège le Mont Riss ainsi que l'Usvanchi. Les cotes quand a elles sont différentes. En effet, celles du Nord sont escarpés et très hautes, alors que celles de l'Ouest sont moins haute mais avec un courant assez fort. C'est sur la cote Ouest que se trouve l'Embouchure du Livid et du Féris.

**Culture**

Les habitants de la Férennie sont réputés pour êtres de grand nobles puissants qui n'ont que faire des problèmes des autres . Ils sont préoccupés par leurs styles vestimentaires et leurs aptitudes que de la guerre ou autres conflits. Ils peuvent avoir d'imposants manoirs, voire des châteaux rien que pour une personnes.

Les chevaliers sont très importants en Férennie, ils protègent leur patrie et sont les gardiens du Roi ce qui en font des personnes très respectés. Ils sont entraînés dès leurs plus jeune age pour honoré et respectés leurs ennemis, ils savent manier autant la magie que les armes, surtout avec les espadons, qui en font de véritable faucheurs de vies.

Malheureusement, tout n'est pas rose, les paysans, eux, vives en dehors des murs des villes, n'ont rien a mangé avec la collectivisation des terres pour le Roi, et travaillent deux fois plus que les autres habitants. Pendant l'hiver, les récoltes pourrissent sur place et entraîne d'importantes famines.

Les Férenniens vénèrent les Huit Divins, qui on, pendant un court terme, réussit a s'imposer dans tout le continent. Le plus grand sanctuaire dédier à ces divinités est la Cathédrale Daique, à Eringraal ou des centaines de pèlerins viennent prier chaque jours au pied des statues.

**Histoire**

L'Histoire de Féren est très vaste, c'est dans cette province ou est né le Wyrd et ou a éclater le grand désastre.
Akhès

Akhès est un continent qui se situe au Sud-Est de Dirannis.

**Géographie**

Akhès est extrêmement aride ou la majorité de sa surface est recouverte de déserts. C'est sur ce continent se trouve Tal-Hakan ainsi que Défnek, les deux seuls provinces connues sur le continent. Défnek constitue la province la plus puissante d'Akhès est se serait ralliée a Arscène pendant la Grande Oppression. Nous ne savons que très peu sur le reste d'Akhès mis-a-part qu'il y aurait d'autre provinces sur ce mystérieux continent.

**Culture**

 Il n'y a pas de cultures global sur Akhès, Tal-Hakan ainsi que Défnek ont des cultures qui leurs sont propres. Cependant, Lors de l'Age Impérial, L'Empire d'Arscène aurait pris petit a petit le contrôle d'Akhès et aurait imposé la religion Arscènienne.

**Histoire**

L'Histoire d'Akhès est très flou, sachant que seulement deux régions sont connus, la véritable histoire du continent est mystérieux, nous allons donc nous contenter de rassembler l'histoire des deux provinces, Tal-Hakan et Défnek. Au début, les Akhèniens était des nomades, voyageant a travers les déserts et se nourrissant de la chasse. Ensuite, les Akhèniens, notamment ceux du Nord se développèrent et fur et a mesure inventèrent des méthodes architectural et magique ce qui permit de bâtir des forteresses ainsi que des citées. Pendant qu'un empire se développer au Nord, les Akhèniens du Sud restèrent des nomades et ne pratiquèrent pas les cultes du Nord, ce qui leurs vaux une mauvaise réputation de "Sous Homme". En 607 du Première Age, le dirigeant de Défnek, le Roi Mérétis décide d'aller a Tal-Hakan capturer les nomades du désert a cause du manque de mains-d'oeuvre pour construire les hauts et imposants édifices de Défnek. Les Défnekiens commencèrent a réduire les nomades en esclavage et a la même période, se sont les Arscèniens et les Férenniens qui débarquent sur les cotes Tal-Hakienne et réduisent eux aussi les nomades en esclavage. Tal-Hakan est une région de Défnek depuis le début de l'esclavage mais Féren aussi veux cette région, l'Arscène aillant pris le contrôle du Sud d'Akhès, La Guerre Libre débuta en 619 et se termina en 621 opposant Défnek contre Féren qui finit par repousser les Défnekiens. 5 ans plus tard, une nouvelle attaque de Défnek prend place a Nakhre, capitale de la province, qui se conclue par la victoire de Défnek. Le pays est divisé en deux partie: le Nord ou se situe Nakhre et Harki sous bannière de Défnek, tandis que le Sud est en possession Féren. Les Férenniens finissent par quitté le pays par manque de ravitaillement et Tal-Hakan revient sur Défnek. Pendant l'Age d'Or, Défnek devient petit a petit l'un des empire les plus puissants après Féren et Arscène. En 131 de l'Age d'Or, les tribus de tout Akhès s'unissent et attaque Tal-Hakan. La Bataille de Nakhre fait rage et les tribus finissent par repousser l'ennemi. Tal-Hakan devient finalement une province libre et depuis, nombres d'attaque Défnekienne ont surgit, mais les braves Tal-Hakien les toujours repoussés. Lors de la Grande Destruction, Tal-Hakan s'allie avec Makras et Défnek avec Arscène.
Inland Floodwater Mosquito

***Aedes vexans***, the **inland floodwater mosquito**, is a cosmopolitan and common pest mosquito.

## Description

The adult female has a bandless proboscis, short brown scales on the scutum, and 'B' shaped (when viewed from the side) markings on each abdominal tergite. Only the female takes blood meals, preferring humans and cattle. Males feed on nectar, honeydew, and sap, on which females will also feed, although rarely. They are usually found in association with grassy pools, partially shaded woodland pools, roadside ditches, and cultivated fields.

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Himalayan Giant Honey Bee

**This article is about a Subspecies of the genus Apis.**

***Apis dorsata laboriosa***, the **Himalayan giant honey bee**, is the world’s largest honey bee; single adults can measure up to 3.0 cm (1.2 in) in length. Before 1980, *Apis dorsata laboriosa* was considered to be a subspecies of the widespread *Apis dorsata*, the giant honey bee, but in 1980 and for almost 20 years thereafter it was elevated to the rank of a separate species. It is now classified once again as a subspecies of *Apis dorsata* (Engel, 1999). It is highly adapted to its highland habitat in behavior and there has evidently been little gene flow between it and lowland *A. dorsata* for millions of years; some consider this evidence that it should be classified as a species (Arias & Sheppard 2005).

## Description

Limited to the Himalayas, it is the largest of the *Apis* species. So far it has only been identified in the mountainous regions of Bhutan, the Chinese province of Yunnan, India, and Nepal. It mostly nests at altitudes between 2,500 and 3,000 m (8,200 and 9,800 ft), building very large nests under overhangs on the southwestern faces of vertical cliffs. One nest can contain as much as 60 kg (130 lb) of honey. The bees forage at altitudes of up to 4,100 m (13,500 ft). Due to its peculiar nesting behavior, the Himalayan giant honey bee is also referred to as the **Himalayan cliff honey bee**. The term "Himalayan honey bee" is sometimes used more informally for any of the four varieties of honey bees that are found in the Himalayan region; *Apis cerana*, *Apis florea*, *Apis dorsata* and *Apis dorsata laboriosa*.

There are three different types of *Apis dorsata laboriosa* honey: spring or red honey that is created from flowers at higher altitudes, spring honey created from flowers at mid and lower altitudes, and autumn honey is created from any site. Red honey has an intoxicating effect and various relaxing qualities that decrease over storage. It is not consumed locally as it is valuable, and honey hunters prefer to sell it at a high price. As hive bees are not kept at such high altitudes, *Apis dorsata laboriosa* is the only bee species to produce this honey. The wholesale price of the red honey is about five times the price of regular honey from *Apis mellifera* or *Apis cerana* and large amounts of it are exported from Nepal to Japan, Korea, and Hong Kong. The red honey is prized for its purported medicinal value and intoxicating qualities which are attributed to the grayanotoxin present in the nectar collected from white rhododendrons (Rhododendron spp). The Gurung people in Nepal are renowned for their use of this mad honey, both for its medicinal and hallucinogenic properties.

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Ocypus ophthalmicus

***Ocypus ophthalmicus*** is a species of rove beetle belonging to the family Staphylinidae, subfamily Staphylininae.

These beetles are present in most of Europe, in the east Palearctic ecozone, in North Africa, and in the Near East.

Its head, pronotum, and elytra have metallic blue reflections, with a shiny surface of pronotum.

## Description

The adults grow up to 17–22 mm (0.67–0.87 in) long. *O. ophthalmicus* is a eurytopic species and can be encountered both in deciduous forests (*Quercus* spp., *Fagus*spp.) and in xeric habitats. Generally, they are found in detritus, under stones, and on dung. They are nocturnal predators (especially of worms, snails, larvae, etc.).

They are known for their habit of raising their long abdomens and opening their jaws, like a threatened scorpion. In this defense posture, they secrete an irritating substance, with a very unpleasant smell.

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Greater Blue-ringed Octopus

The **greater blue-ringed octopus** (*Hapalochlaena lunulata*) is one of four species of highly venomous blue-ringed octopuses belonging to the octopodidae family.

## Description

The greater blue-ringed octopus is, despite its vernacular name, a small octopus whose size does not exceed 10 centimeters, arms included, for an average weight of 80 grams. Its common name comes from the relatively large size of its blue ring (7 to 8 millimeters in diameter), so they are indeed larger than those of the other members of the genus and help to distinguish them. The head is slightly flattened dorsoventrally and finished in a tip. Its height arms are short.

The coloration of this octopus varies with the circumstances and the ambient environment from yellow ocher to light brown through whitish (when inactive). The blue rings are about 60, spread throughout the entire animal's coat. The rings are roughly circular and are based on a darker blotch than the background color of the coat. A black line, whose thickness can vary to increase the contrast and be more visible, borders the electric blue circles. The blue rings are an aposematicadornment whose purpose is to clearly show to all potential predators that this octopus is highly venomous. They also have characteristic blue lines running through their eyes.

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Nile Monitor

The **Nile monitor** (*Varanus niloticus*) is a large member of the monitor lizard family (Varanidae) found throughout much of Africa, but is absent from the west, where it is replaced by *Varanus stellatus*. Other common names include the **African small-grain lizard**, **water leguaan** or **river leguaan** (leguan, leguaan, and likkewaan mean monitor lizard in South African English, and can be used interchangeably).

## Description

Nile monitors can grow to about 120 to 220 cm (3 ft 11 in to 7 ft 3 in) in length, with the largest specimens attaining 244 cm (8 ft). In an average-sized specimen, the snout-to-vent length will be around 50 cm (1 ft 8 in). In body mass, adults have been reported to vary widely, one study claiming only 0.8 to 1.7 kg (1.8 to 3.7 lb), others state weights ranging from 5.9 to 15 kg (13 to 33 lb) in big monitors. Variations may be due to age or environmental conditions. Exceptionally large specimens may scale as much as 20 kg (44 lb), but this species weighs somewhat less on average than the bulkier rock monitor. They have muscular bodies, strong legs, and powerful jaws. Their teeth are sharp and pointed in juvenile animals and become blunt and peg-like in adults. They also possess sharp claws used for climbing, digging, defense, or tearing at their prey. Like all monitors, they have forked tongues, with highly developed olfactory properties. The Nile monitor has quite striking, but variable, skin patterns, as they are greyish-brown above with greenish-yellow barring on the tail and large, greenish-yellow rosette-like spots on their backs with a blackish tiny spot in the middle. Their throats and undersides are an ochre-yellow to a creamy-yellow, often with faint barring.

Their nostrils are placed high on their snouts, indicating these animals are highly aquatic. They are also excellent climbers and quick runners on land. Nile monitors feed on fish, snails, frogs, crocodile eggs and young, snakes, birds, small mammals, insects, and carrion.They are also the second largest reptile in the Nile river.

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Ifritidae

The **blue-capped ifrit** (*Ifrita kowaldi*), also known as the **blue-capped ifrita**, is a small insectivorous bird endemic to the rainforests of New Guinea. It is the only species in the genus *Ifrita*, which historically has been placed in the family Cinclosomatidae or the Monarchidae. It now appears the bird is more properly placed in its own family Ifritidae.

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## Genus and Species

* Ifrita
	+ I. kowaldi (Blue-capped Ifrit)
Tetraodontiformes (Plectognathi)

The **Tetraodontiformes** are an order of highly derived ray-finned fish, also called the **Plectognathi**. Sometimes these are classified as a suborder of the order Perciformes. The Tetraodontiformes are represented by 10 extant families and at least 349 species overall; most are marine and dwell in and around tropical coral reefs, but a few species are found in freshwater streams and estuaries. They have no close relatives, and descend from a line of coral-dwelling species that emerged around 80 million years ago.

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