recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Burning Pink

**Burning Pink**, also known as **Beyond Politics** and registered with the Electoral Commission as **The Burning Pink Party**, is a British political party with the stated goal of a political revolution by replacing the British government with citizens' assemblies in order to tackle the climate crisis and other political issues.

## Inception

The party launched in June 2020 with a shoplifting stunt in which members of the party walked out of a Sainsbury's supermarket branch in Camden Town, London with shopping trolleys full of food without paying.

On 25 July 2020, a number of the party members occupied a road around Trafalgar Square in London, holding a banner saying “bring down the government.”

In August, several members of the party were arrested for dousing the party headquarters of the Conservatives, Labour, the Lib Dems and the Green Party in pink paint over their inaction to tackle the climate crisis.

Later that month, five members of the party including Roger Hallam were arrested at their homes for conspiracy to cause criminal damage. They were placed on remand until the end of a planned period of disruption by multiple environmental groups, including Extinction Rebellion. All five members went on immediate hunger strike in protest at their imprisonment.

In January 2021, the group demanded that local councils honour their climate emergency declaration to act on the ecological collapse and social breakdown, or they would begin a nationwide campaign of nonviolent civil disobedience. In their 12 demands, Burning Pink called upon local councils to declare open rebellion against the government. On February 15, local Burning Pink groups used pink paint to vandalise Norwich City Council and Norfolk County Council, Ipswich Borough Council, Bristol City Hall and Brighton Town Hall.

## Party status and name

The party's constitution states "The Party will be registered in Great Britain (excluding Northern Ireland)."

The party's application for registration in the Electoral Commission's register of political parties, to register the name "The Burning Pink Party", to apply to "All of Great Britain", was approved on 7 October 2020.

Beyond Politics Ltd is a company registered at Companies House (no. 12659497), incorporated on 10 June 2020; the party's website says "Burning Pink is a name we trade under to represent Beyond Politics Party Ltd".

## Elections contested

Valerie Brown stood as Burning Pink's candidate for the 2021 London mayoral election. Brown launched her campaign on 13 November 2020. Brown finished in 20th place out of 20 candidates, achieving 5,305 votes (0.2%). Rachel Lunnon stood as the party's candidate in the ward of Windmill Hill, Bristol, achieving 90 votes (0.9%). Sue Hagley and Jennifer McCarthy stood as the candidates for the wards of St Margaret's and Westgate respectively in the 2021 Ipswich Borough Council election. Dave Baldwin stood for Oxfordshire County Council for the Hanborough and Minster Lovell Division  and Tina Smith stood for Suffolk County Council for the St Margaret's and Westgate Division.
List of heads of government of Ivory Coast

Coat of arms of the Ivory Coast

This article lists the **heads of government of Ivory Coast**, officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, since the country gained independence from France in 1960. The current prime minister is Robert Beugré Mambé since 17 October 2023. He assumed office after former Prime Minister Patrick Achi was removed from his position on 6 October 2023 when President Alassane Ouattara called for a government reshuffle.

## See also

* List of heads of state of Ivory Coast
* List of colonial governors of Ivory Coast
* Politics of Ivory Coast
North East Party

The **North East Party** (NEP) is a regionalist political party in North East England founded in 2014 by 16 people including the former Labour MP Hilton Dawson and 7 members of the FAIR party. The party campaigns for a better deal for North East England generally and is committed to a devolved assembly in the North East with powers similar to those in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, if approved by a referendum. It says bodies such as the North East Combined Authority do not have a mandate to take on new responsibilities and representatives must be directly-elected. Dawson stepped down as Chair of the party in June 2016 and was replaced by John Tait. Dawson remains active in the party taking on the role of Secretary and Nominating Officer.

The party has two elected councillors above parish council level, all on Durham County Council.

## History

The NEP was founded in May 2014 and is widely seen as a sister party to the Yorkshire Party. In December 2014, the party won its first council seat at a local by-election for Peterlee Town Council in County Durham. Two months later, the party won a second seat on the council in another by-election. Following these successes, the party contested and won several by-elections for both Durham County and local parish council seats during 2015-17.

In its first general election in 2015 the North East Party contested four parliamentary seats, standing candidates in Easington, Newcastle upon Tyne North, Redcar and Stockton North. Its best performance came in Easington where candidate Susan McDonnell came in fifth of seven candidates and received 2.3% of the vote.

 Easington | Susan McDonnell
 Newcastle upon Tyne North | Violet Rook
 Redcar | Philip Lockey
 Stockton North | John Tait

In the May 2017 Durham County local government elections, the party stood 14 county councillor candidates and 27 town councillor candidates. Its candidates won 3 seats on Durham County Council (2 seats for Peterlee West, 1 seat for Passfield) and 23 seats on Durham County town councils including 20 of 22 seats at Peterlee Town Council, 2 of 8 north ward seats at Horden Parish Council, and 1 of 15 seats at Shotton Parish Council.

In the 2017 general election the party ran in only one constituency, Easington. Susan McDonnell nearly tripled her vote total from 2015, saved her deposit with 6.6% of the vote, and came in third place ahead of the UKIP, Liberal Democrat, and Green candidates.

 Easington | Susan McDonnell

The party stood two candidates in the 2019 general election.

 Easington | Susan McDonnell
 Stockton North | Mark Burdon

The party nominated its founding member Hilton Dawson in Hartlepool for the first parliamentary by-election of the 2020s.He came in tenth place.

 Hartlepool | Hilton Dawson | 163

At the 2021 local elections, the party retained two of its councillors on Durham County Council in Passfield and Peterlee West wards. Despite losing their second seat in the latter ward, they gained both seats being contested in Peterlee East, thus bringing them to four councillors in total.
List of heads of state of Panama

Presidential Flag of Panama

Coat of arms of Panama

This article lists the **heads of state of Panama** since the short-lived first independence from the Republic of New Granada in 1840 and the final separation from Colombia in 1903.

## Free State of the Isthmus (1840–1841)

(Birth–Death)
 1
 2
 8 June 1841

## Republic of Panama (1903–present)

### President of the Municipal Council of Panama and *de facto* President (1903)

(Birth–Death)
 3

### Members of the Provisional Government Junta (1903–1904)

(Birth–Death)
 4
 6

### Military leaders of Panama (1968–1989)

From 1968 to 1989 a military junta exerted actual control over the country and nominated the president, who himself held little power. The following individuals were leaders of the junta.
List of prime ministers of Lesotho

Coat of arms of Lesotho

This is a **list of prime ministers of Lesotho** since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of Lesotho in 1965, to the present day.

A total of seven people have served as Prime Minister of Lesotho (not counting one Acting Prime Minister and two Chairmen of the Military Council). Additionally, three persons, Ntsu Mokhehle, Pakalitha Mosisili and Tom Thabane, have served on two non-consecutive occasions.

The current Prime Minister is Sam Matekane, who was sworn in on 28 October 2022.
List of prime ministers of Mauritania

Seal of Mauritania

This is a list of prime ministers of Mauritania since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of Mauritania in 1960 to the present day.

A total of sixteen people have served as Prime Minister of Mauritania (not counting one Acting Prime Minister). Additionally, three persons, Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar and Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna, have served on two non-consecutive occasions.

The current Prime Minister of Mauritania is Mohamed Ould Bilal, since 6 August 2020.
Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order (Brazil)

The **Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order** (Portuguese: *Partido de Reedificação da Ordem Nacional*, **PRONA**) was a nationalist political party in Brazil. Its electoral code was 56 and its colors were the traditional Brazilian green and yellow. It was founded in 1989 by the cardiologist, professor and politician Enéas Carneiro, who was the president of the party. Its political broadcasts during the pre-election campaigning periods became famous and distinct for the speed in which they were produced due to the very short time the party had available and also because of the use of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony as soundtrack.

The party was strongly identified with the figure of Enéas, who was candidate to the presidency of Brazil in 1989, 1994 and 1998.

The party was extinguished in 2006, shortly before the death of Enéas, being succeeded by the Party of the Republic.

## Corruption

The Electoral Corruption Movement [pt], based on data released by the Superior Electoral Court on 4 October 2007, released a balance sheet containing parties with the largest number of members of the judiciary who had been expelled for corruption since the year 2000. PRONA appeared in last place, with a single expel, tied with the Humanist Party of Solidarity, Green Party and Progressive Republican Party.
Minister for Women and Equalities

Royal Arms of His Majesty's Government

The **minister for women and equalities** (formerly, Minister for Women, Minister for Women and Equality, and Minister for Equalities) is a ministerial position in the United Kingdom which leads the Government Equalities Office. This is an independent department within the wider Cabinet Office that has responsibility for addressing all forms of discrimination, with particular emphasis on gender inequality. Prior to April 2019, the minister was based at the Home Office, DFID and DfE. Its counterpart in the shadow cabinet is the shadow secretary of state for women and equalities.

## History

The position of Minister for Women was created by Tony Blair when he became prime minister as a means of prioritising women's issues across government. Prior to that, there had been an equality unit in the Cabinet Office and a Cabinet committee, which were continued under the leadership of the new minister. When Gordon Brown succeeded Blair, he created the post of Minister for Women and Equality to handle a wider range of equalities issues. The first Minister for Women and, ten years later, the first Minister for Women and Equality was Harriet Harman. On 12 October 2007 a new department, the Government Equalities Office, was created to support the minister. When David Cameronbecame prime minister, he renamed the position to "Minister for Women and Equalities" without a change in its responsibilities. Since its creation, the position has always been held by a minister sitting in Cabinet by virtue of another office (i.e., a Secretary of State or Leader of one of the Houses of Parliament).

Justine Greening replaced Nicky Morganas both Secretary of State for Educationand Minister for Women and Equalities when Theresa May was appointed Prime Minister on 13 July 2016. Morgan initially held the title of Minister for Women after the resignation of Maria Miller in April 2014, in conjunction with being Financial Secretary to the Treasury, whilst the Equalities brief was given to Sajid Javidwho had replaced Miller as Secretary of State for Culture. While the Women and Equalities briefs were recombined in July 2014, the responsibility for marriage equality was assigned to Nick Boles, who held the title of Minister of State for Skills, Enterprise and Equalities and had a base in both the Education and Business departments. Both splits in responsibilities were due to Nicky Morgan having voted against the legalisation of gay marriage.

Lord Northbourne called for the creation of a minister to concentrate on issues specific to men. Instead Prime Minister Liz Truss decided to make the Minister for Equalities value both men and woman equally stating that it was “dehumanising” to be “treated as a woman”, calling for everyone to be seen as “individual humans” instead.

The two most recent female Prime Ministers, Theresa May and Liz Truss, served in this position.

## See also

* Government Equalities Office
* Women and Equalities Committee
* Minister for Gender Equality (Sweden)
Orkney Manifesto Group

The **Orkney Manifesto Group (OMG)** was a minor political party in Orkney, Scotland. The group advocated for politicisation of Orkney Islands Council, believing that party-based representation would offer more robust democratic governance than the current council of elected independents. The OMG started as an alliance of three Independents who campaigned on a joint manifesto for the 2012 election, before finally registering as a party in 2013.

The party won two seats at the 2017 Orkney Islands Council election.

The party de-registered with the Electoral Commission on 29 March 2022, and as a result has fielded no candidates in the 2022 Orkney election. Rachael King is the only OMG councillor to seek re-election, as an independent candidate.

## Election results

### West Mainland by-election

In its first electoral test as a registered party, Rachael King was elected in a by-election for the West Mainland ward following the death of the incumbent councillor Alistair Gordon (first elected as an Independent, he had helped set up the OMG). Having won a majority of first preference votes, she was elected in the first round.
List of heads of state of Mali

Emblem of Mali

This is a list of heads of state of Mali since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day.

A total of seven people have served as head of state of Mali (excluding three acting presidents). Additionally, two people, Amadou Toumani Touré and Assimi Goïta, have served on two non-consecutive occasions.

The current head of state of Mali is interim president Assimi Goïta, who took power for a second time on 24 May 2021, after dismissing previous interim president Bah Ndaw in the 2021 coup d'état. He has since been constitutionally declared interim president of Mali. Since the 2023 constitutional referendum held during Goita's leadership, Mali has shifted from a semi-presidential to a full presidential system, with the president serving as the head of government and dictating the policies of the government.

## Term limits

As of 2021, there is a two-term limit for the president in the Constitution of Mali. The term limit has not been met by any president yet.

## Succession

Article 53 of the Constitution entrusts the Prime Minister with the duties of the presidency during temporary absences. In the case of a definitive vacancy due to resignation, death, or permanent incapacitation, the President of the National Assembly assumes the functions of the president for a period of 90 to 120 days until a new president can be elected.

## Titles

* **1960–1965**: Head of State
* **1965–1968**: President of the Republic
* **1968–1969**: Chairman of the Military Committee for National Liberation
* **1969–1979**: Head of State
* **1979–1991**: President of the Republic
* **1991**: Chairman of the National Reconciliation Council
* **1991–1992**: Chairman of the Transitional Committee for the Salvation of the People
* **1992–2012**: President of the Republic
* **2012**: Chairman of the National Committee for the Restoration of Democracy and State
* **2012–2020**: President of the Republic
* **2020**: Chairman of the National Committee for the Salvation of the People
* **2020–present**: President of the Transition
List of heads of government of Liechtenstein

This is a **list of heads of government of Liechtenstein**. The current *Regierungschef* is Daniel Risch, since 25 March 2021.

## Head of government

### Provincial administrator (1861–1921)

The *Landesverweser* (transl. Provincial administrator) was the title of the head of government from 1861 to 1921.

### Prime Minister (1921–present)

The *Regierungschef* (lit. 'head of government') is the current title for the head of government. The office replaced *Provincial Administrator* upon the ratification of the constitution of Liechtenstein on 5 October 1921.

## See also

* Politics of Liechtenstein
* Prince of Liechtenstein
Leader of the House of Commons

The **leader of the House of Commons** is a minister of the Crown of the Government of the United Kingdom whose main role is organising government business in the House of Commons. The leader is always a member or attendee of the cabinet of the United Kingdom.

The House of Commons devotes approximately three-quarters of its time to debating and explaining government business, such as bills introduced by the government and ministerial statements. The leader of the House of Commons, with the parties' chief whips ("the usual channels"), is responsible for organising government business and providing time for non-government (backbench) business to be put before the House of Commons.

The present leader of the House of Commons is Penny Mordaunt.

## Responsibilities

The current responsibilities of the leader of the House of Commons are as follows:

* Planning and supervising the Government’s Legislative Programme;
* Chairing the Cabinet Committee on Parliamentary Business and Legislation;
* Managing the business of the House of Commons and preparing weekly statements on upcoming business;
* Facilitating motions and debate in the Chamber;
* Serving as the Government’s representative in the House, namely as a voting member of the House of Commons Commission, the Public Accounts Commission, the Members Estimate Committee, and the Speaker's Committee for the Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority;
* Reforming parliamentary procedure and operations;
* Representing the House of Commons within Government, be it contributing to the Civil Service’s efforts to build parliamentary capability or receiving MPs' requests for assistance on ministerial correspondence and questions; and
* Ministerial responsibility for the Privy Council Office.

The Osmotherly Rules, which set out guidance on how civil servants should respond to parliamentary select committees, are jointly updated by the Office of the Leader of the House of Commons and the Cabinet Office.

## History

The title was not established until about the middle of the 19th century, although the institution is much older.

Until 1942, the title was usually held by the prime minister if he sat in the House of Commons, however, in more recent years, the title has been held by a separate politician.

The title holder is not formally appointed by the Crown and the title alone does not attract a salary, so is now usually held in addition to a sinecure, currently Lord President of the Council.
Henley Residents Group

**Henley Residents Group** (HRG) is a local political party in Oxfordshire, England.

## Formation

It was formed in 1989 in response to an unpopular town centre development in Henley, Oxfordshire, England, in which Waitrose planned to increase the size of its store, demolishing the town's Regal Cinema. Local residents campaigned against this and, unhappy at the Conservative Party's support for the scheme, stood for election in Henley in May 1991, winning 8 seats at civic parish level, and three district council seats. The plan was subsequently modified to include a replacement cinema, with a three-screen cinema.

## Elections

HRG had a majority on Henley Town Council until 2003 and continued to be the ruling party after this date.

After two by-election successes in 2017 HRG has 8 out of 16 town council seats, with the rest being Conservative. It has one seat on South Oxfordshire District Council and, following Stefan Gawrysiak's election for the Henley-on-Thames Division on 4 May 2017, one on Oxfordshire County Council, which was retained in the county council elections of 6 May 2021.

At the May 2019 local elections, Henley Residents Group won all three Henley seats on the district council and twelve of the sixteen seats on Henley Town Council with every candidate elected. They had campaigned for traffic and car parking improvements, local economy and environmental issues, as well as demanding proper affordable housing.
Old Windsor Residents' Association

The **Old Windsor Residents Association** (OWRA) is an organisation which represents the residents of Old Windsor, Berkshire.

## Royal Borough representation

The OWRA currently sponsors two councillors (Lynne Jones and Malcolm Beer) in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead.

As of 2017, the OWRA are the official opposition on the Windsor and Maidenhead Borough Council, and Jones and Beer are the Leader and Deputy Leader of the Opposition, respectively.
Democratic Social Party (Brazil)

The **Democratic Social Party** (Portuguese: *Partido Democrático Social*, PDS) was a conservative Brazilian political party.

It was established in 1979 as a continuation of the National Renewal Alliance (ARENA), the political wing of the military during the 1965–79 military dictatorship, at a time in which the country was moving away from authoritarianism. However, the official foundation date is 31 January 1980. In 1985, when Paulo Maluf won the party's nomination for the presidential bid, a huge group, led by José Sarney (former leader of ARENA from 1971 to 1980 and of the PDS from 1980–85), Jorge Bornhausen and Marco Maciel, founded the Liberal Front Party (PFL). Sarney was elected Vice-President in that year's election, but he served from the beginning as President, due to the death of President-elect Tancredo Neves.

The Democratic Social Party suffered bad defeats both 1986 (7.9%) and 1990 (8.9%) elections for the Chamber of Deputies, when at the same time PFL took 17.7% and 12.4%. In 1986, in particular, the party was seriously defeated also in state elections, so that all of the 12 governorships won in 1982 were lost.

In 1993 the party merged with the Christian Democratic Party (3.0% in 1990 elections for the lower house) to form the Reform Progressive Party, which was intended to be a moderate-conservative party.
Guildford Greenbelt Group

The **Guildford Greenbelt Group** is a small political party within the United Kingdom which seeks to preserve the green belt surrounding Guildford in Surrey.

The group was founded in 2013 and the party was registered with the Electoral Commission in 2014.

Its chair, Susan Parker, stood in Guildford in the 2015 general election coming in 6th place with 538 votes (1.0%)

Standing in some wards in the Borough of Guildford in the 2015 local elections, the party gained its first three councillors, and secured 20,614 votes across the borough. At the 2019 local elections the party increased its Borough Council representation to four seats.
Nottingham Independents

The **Nottingham Independents** is a political party in the area of Nottingham City in Nottinghamshire, England. It was officially registered in January 2018, planning to contest elections in the area of Nottingham. The party is now the largest opposition group in Nottingham City Council after the 2019 elections.

## History

The party got is first councillor when Sarah Hewson, elected as a Conservative to Gedling Borough Council, joined the Nottingham Independents in March 2018.

After the 2019 Nottingham City Council election the party gained 3 councillors for the Clifton East Ward, making Nottingham Independents the largest opposition party on the council.

## Election results

The first by-election contested by the party was the Clifton North by-election on 27 September 2018, where the party came 3rd with 11% of the vote share. In the 2019 council elections the party put forward 7 candidates across 5 wards. The party published a city manifesto for the elections. The Nottingham Independents elected 3 councillors in the Clifton East ward, making it the biggest opposition party in the Nottingham City Council.
List of presidents of the Seychelles

Standard of the President of the Seychelles

The **President of the Republic of the Seychelles**, formed in 1976, is an office that was first held by Sir James Mancham upon the Independence of the Seychelles from the United Kingdom. The longest serving President being France-Albert René of over 27 years. The Current President is Wavel Ramkalawan, being elected in the 2020 Seychellois general election.

## Term limits

As of 2021, there is a two-term limit for the president in the Constitution of Seychelles. The term limit has not been met by any president yet.
King of Saudi Arabia

Royal Standard of Saudi Arabia

## Incumbent

The **king of Saudi Arabia**, officially the **king of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia** (Arabic: ملك المملكة العربية السعودية), is the monarch and head of state/head of government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia who holds absolute power. He is the head of the Saudi Arabian royal family, the House of Saud. The king is the supreme commander-in-chief of the Royal Saudi Armed Forces and the head of the Saudi national honors system. The king is called the "Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques" (خادم الحرمين الشريفين), a title that signifies Saudi Arabia's jurisdiction over the mosques of Masjid al-Haram in Mecca and Al-Masjid an-Nabawi in Medina. The title has been used many times through the history of Islam. The first Saudi king to use the title was Faisal; however, King Khalid did not use the title after him. In 1986, King Fahd replaced "His Majesty" with the title of Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, and it has been since used by both King Abdullah and King Salman. The king has been named the most powerful and influential Muslim and Arab leader in the world according to the Muslim 500.

## History

King Abdul-Aziz, known in the West as Ibn Saud, regained his patrimony, which is known as today's Saudi Arabia in 1902. Restoring his family as emirs of Emirate of Riyadh, he then established Sultanate of Nejd as his headquarters in 1922. Following the establishment of Riyadh as the capital of his state, Ibn Saud then captured Hejaz in 1925.

Ibn Saud proclaimed his dominions as the Sultanate of Nejd in 1921, shortly before completing the unification of the region. He was proclaimed king of Hejaz in 1926, and raised Nejd to a kingdom as well in 1927. For the next five years, Ibn Saud administered the two parts of his realm, the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd as separate units. On 23 September 1932, he formally united his territories into the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

## Succession

The kings since Ibn Saud's death have all been his sons, and all likely immediate successors to the reigning King Salman will be from among his progeny. This makes the Saudi monarchy quite distinct from Western monarchies, which usually feature large, clearly defined royal families and orders of succession, and use the absolute primogeniture system of succession. Muhammad bin Nayef was the first grandson of Ibn Saud to be in the line of succession before being deposed from the position of Crown Prince by a royal decree in 2017.

## Other functions

The king of Saudi Arabia is also considered the head of the House of Saud and prime minister. The crown prince is also the "deputy prime minister". The kings after Faisal have named a "second deputy prime minister" as the subsequent heir after the crown prince

## Kings of Saudi Arabia (1932–present)

### Current heirs-presumptive

* Crown Prince: Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud, born 31 August 1985 (age 38); son of King Salman and Fahda bint Falah Al Hithlain.
List of Prime Ministers of Djibouti

Coat of arms of Djibouti

This is a **list of prime ministers of Djibouti**. Since the establishment of the office of prime minister in 1977, there have been 6 official prime ministers. The current prime minister is Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed, since 1 April 2013.

The list also includes presidents of the Government Council of French Territory of the Afars and the Issas, which acted as heads of government of the area of present-day Djibouti between 1967 and 1977, before the proclamation of independence.

## See also

* French Territory of the Afars and the Issas (FTAI)
* French Somaliland
* List of governors of French Somaliland
* List of presidents of Djibouti
Independent Union

**Independent Union** is a minor political party in the United Kingdom. It was founded in February 2019 by six independent councillors on Hartlepool Borough Council to contest in the 2019 United Kingdom local elections, the party gaining a councillor and retaining another out of a total of five fielded candidates.

## Hartlepool Borough Council

In May 2019, following multiple defections from Labour to Socialist Labour at Hartlepool Borough Council, Independent Union forged a coalition with the Conservatives and the Veterans and People's Party, forming the largest grouping with 11 councillors, 6 shy of control. At the Annual General Meeting of the council, leader of the coalition, Cllr Shane Moore, was elected the Leader of the Council, with his Deputy, Cllr Mike Young being voted deputy leader.

In September 2019, all IU councillors, as well as the one Veterans and People's Party councillor, who made up the coalition at Hartlepool Borough Council defected to the Brexit Party, renaming their already existing coalition with the three Conservative councillors to the "Brexit and Conservative Coalition". Despite this, the IU was still registered with the Electoral Commission with Shane Moore listed as its current leader. The party leader has been Shane Moore since 2019.

In early 2020, several of the councillors concerned returned to their parties, including the Independent Union and Veterans and People's Party.

## European Election 2019

In May 2019, it was announced that IU leader, Cllr John Tennant, was standing as a Brexit Party candidate in the 2019 European Parliament election for North East England. Upon the announcement, Tennant was criticised for comments he made on social media, praising the UKIP MEP Godfrey Bloom on the day he was ejected from the European parliament for addressing German colleague, Martin Schulz, the then leader of the German Social Democratic Party, with a Nazi slogan in 2010, and then another involving a joke he made regarding sex acts with a young woman in 2011. Tennant, the former UKIP group leader for the council, is said to have had a close relationship with Nigel Farage whilst he was a UKIP councillor, organising his public events in the North East, according to a former UKIP advisor. According to Hartleborough Borough Council's *Register of Members' Disclosable Pecuniary Interests*, in May 2018 Tennant declared his profession as "office manager" to UKIP MEP Jonathan Arnott.
List of presidents of Djibouti

Coat of arms of Djibouti

This is a **list of presidents of Djibouti**. Since the establishment of the office of president in 1977, there have been two presidents. The president is both head of state and head of government of Djibouti and the commander-in-chief of the Djibouti Armed Forces. The current president is Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, since 1999.

## Overview

The first president of Djibouti was Hassan Gouled Aptidon, one of the leaders of the Ligue Populaire Africaine pour l'Indépendance (LPAI), who took office on 27 June 1977, the day on which Djibouti was declared a republic.

## Term limits

There was a two-term limit for the president in the Constitution of Djibouti. This limit was lifted in 2010.

## List of officeholders

(Birth–Death)
 1
* 1987
* 1993
* 2005
* 2011
* 2016
* 2021

## See also

* List of prime ministers of Djibouti
* First Lady of Djibouti
* French Territory of the Afars and the Issas (FTAI)
* French Somaliland
* List of governors of French Somaliland
Minister of State for Local Government, Faith and Communities (United Kingdom)

Royal Arms of His Majesty's Government

The **Minister of State for Local Government, Faith and Communities** is a mid-level position in the Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities in the British government. The position was last held by Paul Scully, who was appointed after the resignation of Kemi Badenoch MP during the June 2022 government crisis, however after the November 2023 British Cabinet Reshuffle, it has yet to be announced who is the leader of this role.

## Responsibilities

Minister's Responsibilities include:

* Local government policy, finance and improvement in England
* Electoral Integrity Programme
* Integration, anti-extremism, and religious hatred policy
* Faith community engagement
* Foreign Affairs (Economic activity of publicly funded bodies) Bill and policy oversight
* Holocaust Memorial Learning Centre
Democrats and Veterans

The **Democrats and Veterans Direct Democracy Party** (**DVDDP**) was a political party in the United Kingdom. It became the **5 Star Direct Democracy Party**.

The party was founded in 2018 by former UKIP member and Gulf War veteran Gavin Felton and other ex-servicemen of the British Armed Forces. John Rees-Evans, previously a UKIP leadership candidate, was announced as the first party leader, and Gavin Felton named as chairman.

The party considers itself to be "broadly libertarian in character". Its platform includes complete withdrawal from the European Union, direct democracy, and stronger support for veterans.

## Electoral history

In January 2018, the party said it had 321 candidates "ready to fight seats throughout the country." It stated that it would target voters in Essex. The party stood candidates in the May 2018 English local elections but did not win any seats.

The party fielded Massimo DiMambro as a candidate in the 2018 Lewisham East by-election, who lost his deposit, having received under 5% of the vote.

The party took second place in a Barnsley local by-election in July 2018; took third in a by-election for a seat on Denbighshire Council in September 2018; They won their first two seats on Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council in May 2019. Cllr Victoria Felton received 1236 votes taking the Monk Bretton seat from Labour after 22 years. However, as of October 2020 the council website shows that of the two elected Democrats and Veterans councillors, one, Trevor Smith, has defected to the Labour Party whilst the other, Victoria Felton, is listed as Independent. In the 2019 general election, Felton ran in Barnsley Central for the Brexit Party, finishing second.

In Northern Ireland, the party stood two candidates in the 2019 local elections gaining 527 votes, the highest amongst the three new parties in the election. The year before, in October 2018, it ran in the Carrick Castle by-election and came fourth in what is the most prominent unionist consistency in NI.
List of heads of government of Sudan

Flag of Sudan

This article **lists the heads of government of Sudan**, from the establishment of the office of Chief Minister in 1952 until the present day. The office of Prime Minister was abolished after the 1989 coup d'état, and reestablished in 2017 when Bakri Hassan Saleh was appointed Prime Minister by President Omar al-Bashir.

Abdalla Hamdok was appointed as Prime Minister by the Transitional Sovereignty Council on 21 August 2019, as part of the country's transition to democracy. On 25 October 2021, Hamdok was deposed and placed under house arrest, following a coup d'état. On 21 November 2021, Hamdok was reinstated as prime minister as part of an agreement with the military. On 2 January 2022, Hamdok resigned as prime minister.

## Titles of heads of government

* **1952–1956**: Chief Minister
* **1956–1989; 2017–present**: Prime Minister
Chairman of the Conservative Party

The **Chairman of the Conservative Party** in the United Kingdom is responsible for party administration and overseeing the Conservative Campaign Headquarters, formerly Conservative Central Office.

When the Conservatives are in government, the officeholder is usually a member of the Cabinet holding a sinecure position such as Minister without Portfolio. Deputy or Vice Chairmen of the Conservative Party may also be appointed, with responsibility for specific aspects of the party (most notably local government, women or youth). The Conservative Party is now chaired by Jake Berry. The position of deputy chairman is now held by Matt Vickers, following the resignations of Luke Hall MP and Justin Tomlinson MP.

The role was created in 1911 in response to the Conservative party's defeat in the second 1910 general election. The position is not subject to election, as it is given by the party leader.
Derwentside Independents

**Derwentside Independents** is a localistpolitical party in County Durham, England. It was established in 2001 to contest elections to Derwentside District Council, later contesting elections to Durham County Council following the establishment of a unitary authority in 2009.

Founded by former Councillor Bill Stockdale, the party benefited from the lack of organised opposition to the Labour Party from the main national political parties in Derwentside. Other officers are Ronald Weightman, nominating officer, and John Jopling, treasurer. According to its 2007 accounts, the party had 23 elected members and 22 general members.However, as of 2012 this was reduced to 9 Elected Members and 22 general members.

The party describes itself as an association of like-minded people who formed a party participating in local governance without any specific particular political bias. Each member represents the people who elected them and are not whipped to follow the leader or follow party lines.

## Election results

### District Council elections

The party increased in strength following the 2003 local elections, gaining eight seats from the Labour Party in west and south Derwentside. At the final election to Derwentside District Council in 2007, the party gained a further 10 seats, bringing its total to 24 and reducing Labour's majority to three.

### County Council elections

In March 2008, after feeling the Derwentside Independents could not offer a county-wide alternative to Labour, Councillor Bob Cook resigned from their ranks and joined the Liberal Democrats. He lost his seat at the subsequent local elections. A rival Durham County Council Independent Group led by John Shuttleworth formed in 2008.

Following the 2013 elections, the Derwentside Independents Party had 8 councillors on the unitary Durham County Council. Their representation had fallen to 7 councilors by 2016. The party is part of one of two groups of independents on the county council, and forms part of the opposition to the ruling Labour Party.

### UK Parliament elections

Its leader, councillor Watts Stelling, contested the 2005 general election in the constituency of North West Durham.
Home Secretary

Royal Arms of the Home Office

The **secretary of state for the Home Department**, otherwise known as the **home secretary**, is a senior minister of the Crown in the Government of the United Kingdom. The home secretary leads the Home Office, and is responsible for all national security, policing and immigration policies of the United Kingdom. As a Great Office of State, the home secretary is one of the most senior and influential ministers in the government. The incumbent is a statutory member of the British Cabinet and National Security Council. The post holder is sixth in the ministerial ranking.

The position, which may be known as interior minister in other nations, was created in 1782, though its responsibilities have changed many times. Past office holders have included the prime ministers Lord North, Robert Peel, the Duke of Wellington, Lord Palmerston, Winston Churchill, James Callaghan and Theresa May. In 2007, Jacqui Smith became the first female home secretary. The incumbent home secretary is Grant Shapps.

The office holder works alongside the other Home Office ministers and the permanent under-secretary of state of the Home Office. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow home secretary, and the performance of the home secretary is also scrutinized by the Home Affairs Select Committee and the Justice and Home Affairs Committee.

## Responsibilities

Corresponding to what is generally known as an interior minister in many other countries, the home secretary's remit includes:

* Law enforcement in England and Wales
* Matters of national security
* Issues concerning immigration
* Oversight of the Security Service (MI5).

Formerly, the home secretary was the minister responsible for prisons and probation in England and Wales; however in 2007 those responsibilities were transferred to the Ministry of Justice under the lord chancellor.

## History

The title Secretary of State in the government of England dates back to the early 17th century. The position of Secretary of State for the Home Department was created in the British governmental reorganisation of 1782, in which the responsibilities of the Northern and Southern Departments were reformed into the Foreign Office and Home Office.

In 2007, the new Ministry of Justice took on the criminal justice functions of the Home Office and its agencies.

## See also

* British government departments
* Cabinet (government)
* Great Offices of State
* Interior minister
* List of British governments
* List of current interior ministers
* List of permanent under secretaries of state of the Home Office
* Ministry of Justice
* Shadow Home Secretary
* Home Office under Theresa May
* Under Secretary of State for the Home Department
Morecambe Bay Independents

The **Morecambe Bay Independents (MBIs)** is a local political party in Morecambe, Lancashire. The group ran Lancaster City Council from 1999 to 2003, and successfully campaigned in 2005 for the creation of Morecambe Town Council.

## History

### Early years (1987-1999)

After being founded in 1987, the party won 13 seats on Lancaster City Council in May 1992. They selected Mark Turner for the Morecambe and Lunesdale seat in the general election, receiving 916 votes (2.1%). A former MBI councillor, Kathleen Egerton, was shot dead by her husband in a murder-suicide in 1995. After a by-election victory and a defection by former mayor Shirley Burns from the Conservatives in May 1998, they became the official opposition on the council.

### MBIs in power (1999-2003)

They gained power on Lancaster City Council in 1999 when they more than doubled their seats to 22, sitting as a minority administration, with Conservative, Liberal Democrat and Green councillors in the cabinet. The Labour Party refused to sit in cabinet. In July 2001, Cllr John Fretwell, defected to the Conservatives. The then-leader of the MBI, Cllr Tricia Heath, was leader of Lancaster City Council for four years, but in May 2003 she lost her council seat, and the MBIs' total number of seats fell from 16 to 11. Heath placed some of the blame for her loss on the District Auditor's report on "Blobbygate", a scandal over a deal the council made with Noel Edmonds in the mid-90s about a theme park in Morecambe. Another councillor, Shirley Reid, was expelled from the group in December 2003 for not attending meetings.

### Morecambe Town Council (2005-present)

The MBIs won 12 of the 60 seats on Lancaster City Council in the 2007 election (behind Labour on 14 and equal to the Greens and Conservatives), but Heath failed in her bid to be re-elected. They won twenty-five of the twenty-six councillors on Morecambe Town Council in 2009 with 64% of the vote, despite facing opposition from a new group of independents called Residents First. Evelyn Archer stood down as leader of the MBI group in January 2010, being replaced by David Kerr. Archer was first elected in 1991, lost her seat in 1995, then was re-elected in 2003. In 2014, Kerr was replaced as group leader by Roger Dennison.
List of prime ministers of Guinea-Bissau

Emblem of Guinea-Bissau

This article lists the prime ministers of Guinea-Bissau, since the establishment of the office of prime minister in 1973.

Since Guinea-Bissau's declaration of independence from Portugal on 24 September 1974, there have been twenty prime ministers and two acting prime ministers. The current holder of the office is Rui Duarte de Barros, who was appointed by a decree of president Umaro Sissoco Embaló on 21 December 2023.
Lincolnshire Independents

**Lincolnshire Independents** is a British political party based in the county of Lincolnshire. They were founded in July 2008.

At the 2009 election, Lincolnshire Independents stood 19 candidates for Lincolnshire County Council of whom four were elected.

Four years later, they increased their representation to nine seats and polled 10.4% of the votes cast county-wide.

In the 2016 England and Wales police and crime commissioner elections the party stood a candidate for the Lincolnshire area, attaining 18,497 votes or approximately 16.52% of the vote.

At the 2017 county council election the party lost all but one of their seats on Lincolnshire County Council. Party leader Marianne Overton MBE won the Bassingham & Welbourn division.

Marianne Overton has been the Independent Group leader and a vice-chair on the Local Government Associationsince 2011.

## Parliamentary elections

At the 2010 general election, party leader Marianne Overton stood for Sleaford & North Hykeham. and retained her deposit by gaining more than 5% of the vote: She came fourth with 3,806 votes (6.4%). Campaign director Mark Horn, a Conservative Party member for 23 years who resigned as a county councillor in 2008, stood in Grantham and Stamford, receiving 929 votes (1.8%). In Louth and Horncastle, Daniel Simpson gained 576 votes (1.1%).

At the 2015 general election, Overton stood again in Sleaford & North Hykeham, coming fifth with 3,233 votes (5.2%). Jan Hansen stood in Grantham and Stamford, receiving 724 votes (1.3%) and Simpson stood again in Louth and Horncastle, polling 659 votes (1.3%). Additionally, Chris Darcel stood in Gainsborough, where he polled 505 votes (1%), and Helen Powell stood in Lincoln, where she received 286 votes (0.6%).

Overton stood in Sleaford and North Hykeham for a third time in the December 2016 by-election. She came fifth, with 2,892 votes (8.8%).