United Mexican States

Flag of the United Mexican States

The **United Mexican States**, or simply **Mexico**, is a country located in North America. Its borders are shared to the south by Guatemala and Belize, to the west by the Pacific Ocean, to the north by the United States of America, and to the east by the Caribbean Sea.

Mexico is an observer member of the **Organization of Free Nations**, soon to become a full member of the alliance.

## History

### The 1930s Decade (1930 - 1939)

Mexico was undergoing a period of political and social upheaval. In 1930, the country was in the midst of an economic crisis, worsened by the Great Depression. President Pascual Ortiz Rubio, who had taken office in 1930, was struggling to maintain stability in the face of rising unemployment, inflation, and social unrest.

In 1934, the political landscape shifted when Lázaro Cárdenas was elected president. Cárdenas was a popular and charismatic leader who promised to address the needs of the working class and the poor. He implemented a series of sweeping reforms, including land distribution programs, labor protections, and nationalization of key industries. He also cracked down on corruption and political repression, earning him the respect and admiration of many Mexicans.

During his presidency, Cárdenas faced several challenges, including an attempted coup by conservative military leaders in 1938. However, he was able to overcome these obstacles and cement his legacy as a champion of social justice and national sovereignty. By the end of the 1930s, Mexico had undergone significant transformations, both politically and economically, setting the stage for continued progress and development in the decades to come.

### The New Revolution (1939 - 1950)

The presidency of Lazaro Cardenas was coming to an end, but his legacy continued to shape the country's political and economic landscape for years to come. One of Cardenas' most significant achievements was the nationalization of the oil industry in 1938, which gave Mexico control over its own natural resources and helped fund social programs.

In 1940, as the Second World War raged on, Manuel Ávila Camacho was made President of the nation. Mexico declared itself a neutral country, providing no support for either side, despite calls for help from the American government. This would eventually slightly harm the diplomatic relations between both nations.

In 1946, the election was won by Miguel Aleman, who promised to continue Cardenas' legacy of social and economic reform. Aleman implemented a series of policies aimed at modernizing the country's infrastructure and promoting industrialization. He also invested in education and healthcare, improved social services, and expanded Mexico's transportation network. Alemán's administration was characterized by a focus on economic development, which laid the foundation for Mexico's emergence as a regional power in Latin America.

### The Cold War (1950 - 1982)

In the 1952 elections, Adolfo Ruiz Cortines was elected President of Mexico, who largely continued Aleman's policies. These led to a period of rapid economic growth, known as the "Mexican Miracle". However, the economic boom of the 1950s was not without its challenges. Rapid industrialization led to environmental degradation and social inequality. Along with this, Ruiz Cortines maintained a cold relationship with the United States of America, refusing to participate in any international conflict or associate Mexico with the **Organization of Free Nations**, much to the disgust of the United States.

Said diplomatic relations went even lower after Adolfo López Mateos was elected and Mexico decided to become an important trading partner of Japan and the Co-Prosperity Sphere, distancing itself from its northern neighbor more and more. However, this all changed when Gustavo Díaz Ordaz won the 1964 elections, cutting all type of contact with the Japanese and aligning itself with the United States, becoming a close ally throughout the rest of the 1960s decade.

In 1968, a group of students protested against the government's policies, leading to a violent crackdown by the police. The incident, known as the "Tlatelolco Massacre", became a symbol of the government's authoritarianism and sparked a wave of protests across the country. This forced the United States to force Díaz Ordaz to pick a more liberal successor, Emilio Martínez, instead of Luis Echeverría, who everyone expected to become the next President.

Martínez continued to approach the OFN even more than his predecessor, mending the relations between Mexico and the alliance. When El Halconazo happened, a peaceful but large student protest that took place on 1971 in Mexico City. Martínez, despite suggestions from his government members to not negotiate with the protesters, did it anyway. As such, the government was forced to enact social and political reforms, including reducing the power that the executive branch of the government held. Due to this, the PRI was considerably weakened, and it seemed like it was finally opening room for more political organizations to come out.

No other incident would happen in Martínez's term however, as the 1976 elections ended in his childhood friend José López Portillo winning the elections and becoming the President of Mexico. Under his government, Mexico continued to experience a period of economic prosperity, followed by a tremendous fall. During his presidency, Mexico had borrowed heavily from foreign banks to fund large-scale infrastructure projects and social programs, leading to a significant increase in the country's external debt. However, global economic conditions changed, and interest rates rose sharply, making it difficult for Mexico to service its debt. As such, the nation became heavily indebted.

On the other hand, López Portillo has begun a period of slight democratization efforts, in order to appease the United States and the OFN, although still not attempting to remove the one-party system of the PRI. He has also increased its diplomatic efforts with the free world and began an interventionist policy for the country.

By 1979, López Portillo has submitted an OFN acceptance submission, which is to be reviewed soon, with the answer expected to come out relatively soon.