recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Lifting Strength

## Lifting Strength Levels

**Below Average:** 0 to 50 kg

**Regular Human:** 50 to 80 kg (The mass of an adult human, or a large dog)

**Above Average Human:** 80 to 120 kg (The mass of a washing machine, or a tumble dryer)

**Athletic Human:** 120 to 227 kg (The mass of a mature lion)

**Peak Human:** 227 to 454 kg (Olympic weight-lifters)

**Superhuman:** ? (Any level above peak human that is for the most part unknown)

**Class 1:** 454 to 1000 kg

**Class 5:** 1000 to 5000 kg (Capable of lifting small trucks, etc.)

**Class 10:** 5000 to 10^4 kg (The mass of an adult elephant)

**Class 25:** 10^4 to 2.5x10^4 kg (The mass of Big Ben's bell, a truck, a large motorboat)

**Class 50:** 2.5x10^4 to 5x10^4 kg (The mass of a semi-trailer truck)

**Class 100:** 5x10^4 to 10^5 kg (The mass of a tank)

**Class K:** 10^5 to 10^6 kg (The mass of the largest animal: blue whale, the heaviest of air-crafts)

**Class M:** 10^6 to 10^9 kg (The mass of the largest ship)

**Class G:** 10^9 to 10^12 kg (The mass of the human world population, the largest man-made structures)

**Class T:** 10^12 to 10^15 kg (The mass of the heaviest mountains)

**Class P:** 10^15 to 10^18 kg (The mass of small moons or small asteroids)

**Class E:** 10^18 to 10^21 kg (The mass of the atmosphere of the Earth)

**Class Z:** 10^21 to 10^24 kg (The mass of large moons or small planets)

**Class Y:** 10^24 to 10^27 kg (The mass of larger planets)

**Pre-Stellar:** 10^27 to 2x10^29 kg (The mass a solid object can reach before the gravitational collapse to a small star)

**Stellar:** 2x10^29 to ? kg (The mass of a smaller star up to a solar system)

**Multi-Stellar:** (The mass of multiple stars or solar systems)

**Galactic** (The mass of a galaxy)

**Multi-Galactic** (The mass of multiple galaxies)

**Universal** (The mass of a universe or multiple physical universes)

**Infinite** (Countably infinite strength by 3-dimensional standards)

**Immeasurable** (Beyond 3-Dimensional concepts of mass: 4D hypermass lifting level and above. Meaning: Level Low 2-C to High 1-B.)

**Irrelevant** (Beyond all dimensional scale. Meaning: Tier 1-A and above.)
Durability

## Introduction

**Durability** is the property which guarantees the ability to withstand a certain amount of force. This is not to be confused with endurance; while durability is the ability to withstand damage, endurance is a measure of **stamina**.

Logically, characters capable of physically achieving a certain degree of energy output, must be able to at least withstand a comparable amount of damage, or their bodies would break apart from the strain and automatic counterforce, whenever they exert themselves.

For more indepth descriptions of each category, please read the **Tiering System** and **Attack Potency** pages.

## Durability Levels

**Point level**

**Line level**

**Plane level**

**Below Average**

**Human level**

**Athlete level**

**Street level**

**Wall level**

**Small Building level**

**Building level**

**Large Building level**

**City Block level**

**Multi-City Block level**

**Small Town level**

**Town level**

**Large Town level**

**Small City level**

**City level**

**Mountain level**

**Large Mountain level**

**Island level**

**Small Country level**

**Country level**

**Large Country/Small Continent level**

**Continent level**

**Multi-Continent level**

**Moon level**

**Small Planet level**

**Planet level**

**Large Planet level**

**Dwarf Star level**

**Small Star level**

**Star level**

**Large Star level**

**Solar System level**

**Multi-Solar System level**

**Galaxy level**

**Multi-Galaxy level**

**Universe level**

**High Universe level**

**Universe level+**

**Multi-Universe level**

**Multiverse level**

**Multiverse level+**

**High Multiverse level+**

**Complex Multiverse level**

**Hyperverse level**

**High Hyperverse level**

**Outerverse level**

**High Outerverse level**

**True Infinity**
Striking Strength

## Introduction

**Striking Strength** is the amount of physical force an individual can deal out. In other words, it is the physical Attack Potency of an individual. It may or may not depend on **Lifting Strength**.

Striking strength describes the power behind the character’s physical blows. Generally, anything that has to do with the character’s actions instead of passively holding up weights is about this category. While lifting strength is a static value which can be measured in units of weight or mass, striking strength is different. It relies more on “action” which is a combination of speed and mass. As such, striking strength requires a whole different classification system.

For more specific information regarding the meaning of the terms, see our Attack Potency and Tiering Systempages.

Following the same convention as Attack Potency, a "+" sign is used as "Mountain Class+", not "Mountain+ Class".

## Striking Strength levels

**Below Average Class**

**Human Class**

**Athlete Class**

**Street Class**

**Wall Class**

**Room Class** or **Small Building Class**

**Building Class**

**Large Building Class**

**City Block Class**

**Multi-City Block Class**

**Small Town Class**

**Town Class**

**Large Town Class**

**Small City Class**

**City Class**

**Large City Class** or **Mountain Class**

**Large Mountain Class** or **Small Island Class**

**Island Class**

**Large Island Class**

**Small Country Class**

**Country Class**

**Large Country Class** or **Small Continent Class**

**Continent Class**

**Large Continent Class** or **Multi-Continent Class**

**Moon Class**

**Small Planet Class**

**Planet Class**

**Large Planet Class**

**Dwarf Star Class**

**Small Star Class**

**Star Class**

**Large Star Class**

**Solar System Class**

**Multi-Solar System Class**

**Galactic**

**Multi-Galactic**

**Universal**

**High Universal**

**Universal+**

**Multi-Universal**

**Multiversal**

**Multiversal+**

**High Multiversal+**

**Low Complex Multiversal**

**Complex Multiversal**

**High Complex Multiversal**

**Low Hyperversal**

**Hyperversal**

**High Hyperversal**

**Outerversal**

**High Outerversal**

**True Infinity**
Constantine Zouroudis

**Tier: 9-B**

**Name:Constantine Zouroudis**

**Origin: Ancient Egypt**

**Gender: Male**

**Age: Roughly 5,810 years old**

**Classification: Pharaoh of old**

**Powers and Abilities: Mega Punch**

**Attack Potency: Wall Level (His huge powerful hands are capable of breaking tough objects)**

**Speed: His age puts him Below Average (The speed of a drunk zombie)**

**Lifting Strength: Class 1**

**Striking Strength: Wall Level**

**Durability: Human**

**Stamina: Low**

**Range: Hand to Hand**

**Standard Equipment: Massive hands**

**Intelligence: HIgh**

**Weaknesses: None**

 '*Notable Attacks/Techniques: Goi Alex*
James Broe

Senior Geography teacher at MCR

## Powers and Stats

**Tier: 5-C**

**Name: James Broe**

**Origin: England**

**Gender: Male**

**Age: 49 As Of 2023**

**Classification: Broey, Big Daddy**

**Powers and Abilities: Atomic Body Slam, Superhuman Invulnerability/Strength, Godlike Cricketer**

**Attack Potency: Moon Level, Possibly Planetary Level if falling from a substantial height.**

**Speed: Below average, Massively supersonic when falling.**

**Lifting Strength: At least Class Y: 10^24 to 10^27 kg (The mass of larger planets)**

**Striking Strength: Planet Class**

**Durability: Planet Level**

**Stamina: Extremely Low - (relies on forces around to move him)**

**Range: Galactic**

**Standard Equipment: Whiteboard Marker, Sun Shirt, Moon Shirt, Void Shirt, Earth Shirt, Ocean Shirt.**

**Intelligence: Genius, Gifted (Loves spreading his knowledge of the HSC)**

**Weaknesses: Slow Movement speed, Walking quakes the world he is on.**

**Notable Attacks/Techniques: Body Slam (Comparable to a supernova), HSC (Increases the Intelligence of himself and allies by an immeasurable amount.)**

## Others

**Notable Victories: Beau McConnell**

**Notable Losses: Mark Webber**

**Inconclusive Matches: Christopher Behan (Left School)**
Horizonte de sucesos

En relatividad general, el horizonte de sucesos —también llamado horizonte de eventos— se refiere a una hipersuperficie frontera del espacio-tiempo, tal que los eventos a un lado de ella no pueden afectar a un observador situado al otro lado. Obsérvese que esta relación no tiene por qué ser simétrica o biyectiva, es decir, si A y B son las dos regiones del espacio tiempo en que el horizonte de eventos divide el espacio, A puede no ser afectada por los eventos dentro de B, pero los eventos de B generalmente sí son afectados por los eventos en A. Por dar un ejemplo concreto, la luz emitida desde dentro del horizonte de eventos jamás podría alcanzar a un observador situado fuera, pero un observador dentro podría observar los sucesos del exterior.
Campo gravitatorio

En física, el campo gravitatorio o campo gravitacional es un campo de fuerzas que representa la gravedad. Si se dispone en cierta región del espacio una masa M, el espacio alrededor de M adquiere ciertas características que no disponía cuando no estaba M. Este hecho se puede comprobar acercando otra masa m y constatando que se produce la interacción. A la situación física que produce la masa M se la denomina campo gravitatorio. Afirmar que existe algo alrededor de M es puramente especulativo, ya que solo se nota el campo cuando se coloca la otra masa m, a la que se llama masa testigo o masa de prueba.

El tratamiento que recibe el campo gravitatorio es diferente según las necesidades del problema:

* En física newtoniana o física clásica el campo gravitatorio viene representado por un campo vectorial.

* En física relativista, el campo gravitatorio viene representado por un campo tensorial de segundo orden.
Agujeros negros Wiki

## Cosmología Física

Radiación del fondo de microondas

Un agujero negro​ es una región finita del espacio en cuyo interior existe una concentración de masa lo suficientemente elevada como para generar un campo gravitatorio tal que ninguna partícula material, ni siquiera la luz, puede escapar de ella. Sin embargo, los agujeros negros pueden ser capaces de emitir radiación, lo cual fue conjeturado por Stephen Hawking en la década de 1970. La radiación emitida por agujeros negros como Cygnus X-1 no procede del propio agujero negro sino de su disco de acreción.

La gravedad de un agujero negro, o «curvatura del espacio-tiempo», provoca una singularidad envuelta por una superficie cerrada, llamada horizonte de sucesos. Esto es previsto por las ecuaciones del campo de Einstein. El horizonte de sucesos separa la región del agujero negro del resto del universo y es la superficie límite del espacio a partir de la cual ninguna partícula puede salir, incluyendo los fotones. Dicha curvatura es estudiada por la relatividad general, la que predijo la existencia de los agujeros negros y fue su primer indicio. En la década de 1970, Stephen Hawking, Ellis y Penrose demostraron varios teoremas importantes sobre la ocurrencia y geometría de los agujeros negros.

​ Previamente, en 1963, Roy Kerr había demostrado que en un espacio-tiempo de cuatro dimensiones todos los agujeros negros debían tener una geometría cuasiesférica determinada por tres parámetros: su masa M, su carga eléctrica total e y su momento angular L.

Se conjetura que en el centro de la mayoría de las galaxias, entre ellas la Vía Láctea, hay agujeros negros supermasivos.
Masa

En física, masa (del latín massa) es una magnitud que expresa la cantidad de materia de un cuerpo, medida por la inercia de este, que determina la aceleración producida por una fuerza que actúa sobre él. Es una propiedad extrínseca de los cuerpos que determina la medida de la masa inercial y de la masa gravitacional. La unidad utilizada para medir la masa en el Sistema Internacional de Unidades es el kilogramo
Espacio

El espacio físico es el lugar donde se encuentran los objetos y en el que los eventos que ocurren tienen una posición y dirección relativas.​ El espacio físico es habitualmente concebido con tres dimensiones lineales, aunque los físicos modernos usualmente lo consideran, con el tiempo, como una parte de un infinito continuo de cuatro dimensiones conocido como espacio-tiempo, que en presencia de materia es curvo. En matemáticas se examinan espacios con diferente número de dimensiones y con diferentes estructuras subyacentes. El concepto de espacio es considerado de fundamental importancia para una comprensión del universo físico aunque haya continuos desacuerdos entre filósofos acerca de si es una entidad, una relación entre entidades, o parte de un marco conceptual.
Text String

A text string is a sequence of characters (numbers and letters) that are treated as data.

Text strings have created security issues in programs due to the ability of some randomly-generated strings to crash software. For example, the string, "U+0C1C U+0C4D U+0C1E U+200C U+0C3E" crashed iOS systems if they were sent in a text message. While this isn't particularly malicious, hackers will sometimes use these text strings to penetrate real security vulnerabilities in various companies' software. Even large companies who do extensive security testing are not always able to find every bad text input.

**References:**

1. French, T. (n.d.). Here's How Text Strings Are Used in Excel. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from https://www.lifewire.com/description-of-text-string-3124029
2. Khandelwal, S. (2015, May 30). How to Fix iPhone Crash Text Message Bug. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from https://thehackernews.com/2015/05/iPhone-Crash-text.html
Administrators

## Staff

Lucas Millonario &
Pignoli

## Content Moderators

Content Moderators are users who have additional tools available to moderate parts of the community that host the wikia community's content. These tools are:

* Deleting and moving protected pages
* Deleting and moving files
* Undeleting pages and files
* Rollback
* Reupload files
* Protecting and unprotecting pages
* Patrol pages if the community has the RecentChanges patrol feature enabled

## Administrator abilities

These additional functions include:

* Deleting and undeleting pages, page histories, and uploaded files.
* Locking (protecting) a page so it cannot be edited or renamed by users without admin rights or autoconfirmed status.
* Blocking IP addresses or user names from editing; and very quick "rollback" of undesirable edits.

Info from Camila Cabello Wiki
Espacio-tiempo

Analogía bidimensional de la distorsión del espacio-tiempo debido a un objeto de gran masa.

El espacio-tiempo es el modelo matemático que combina el espacio y el tiempo en un único continuo como dos conceptos inseparablemente relacionados. En este continuo espacio-temporal se representan todos los sucesos físicos del Universo, de acuerdo con la teoría de la relatividad y otras teorías físicas. La expresión espacio-tiempo ha devenido de uso corriente a partir de la teoría de la relatividad especial formulada por Einstein en 1905, siendo esta concepción del espacio y el tiempo uno de los avances más importantes del siglo XX en el campo de la física.
Bridges

### Writer(s)

Thomas Brown, Anthony Jones, Sebastian Kole, Ally Brooke, Dinah Jane, Lauren Jauregui, Normani Kordei

## *Self-Titled* Chronology

"**Bridges**" is the tenth track from Fifth Harmony's third studio album, *Fifth Harmony*.

## Lyrics

[Verse 1: Ally & Dinah]

Can't spend time in rewind, I'm sorry

Many times I remind myself

We've come way too far in our stories, oh

To build these walls and to blind ourselves

And for every action, there's a reaction

[Pre-Chorus: Dinah]

And I know the world can be cold, we can't let it divide us

There's something inside us, a power that grows

There's something beautiful in the flaws in all we are

Something calling all of us and it says

[Chorus: Normani & Dinah]

We build bridges

Oh, we build bridges

No, we won't separate

We know love can conquer hate

So we build bridges

Bridges, not walls

Bridges, not walls

(Bridges, not walls)

[Verse 2: Lauren & Normani]

I believe in the beauty of love (Hey)

I believe that we really are one

I believe every woman is a fighter

And I believe every man can stand beside her

[Pre-Chorus: Lauren + Ally]

And I know the world can be cold, we can't let it divide us

There's something inside us, a power that grows

There's something beautiful in the flaws in all we are

Something calling all of us and it says

[Chorus: Normani & Dinah]

We build bridges

Oh, we build bridges

No, we won't separate

We know love can conquer hate

So we build bridges

Bridges, not walls

Bridges, not walls

(Bridges, not walls)

[Bridge: Dinah, Ally & Lauren]

All I pray is we break our chains

Because love's worth fighting for

Shed your light oh, oh, oh, oh

All I pray is we break our chains

Because love's worth fighting for

Shed your light oh, oh, oh, oh

All I pray is we break our chains

Because love's worth fighting for

Shed your light oh, oh, oh, oh

All I pray is we break our chains (All I pray is we break)

Because love's worth fighting for

Shed your light

[Post-Bridge: Dinah & (Ally)]

So we build bridges (All I pray is we break our chains)

So we build bridges (Because love's worth fighting for, shed your light oh)

So we build bridges (All I pray is we break our chains)

So we build bridges (Because love's worth fighting for, shed your light oh)

[Chorus: Normani, Dinah & Ally]

We build bridges (We build bridges, we build bridges)

Oh, we build bridges (We build bridges, we build bridges)

No, we won't separate (We build bridges, we build bridges)

We know love can conquer hate (We build bridges)

So we build bridges (We build bridges)

Bridges, not walls (We build bridges, we build bridges)

Bridges, not walls
I Wish (Tour)

## Tours Chronology

 The **I Wish Tour** is a tour staring the British star who started her journey on The X-Factor. Fifth Harmony was featured on this tour as an special guest.

## Background

The I Wish Tour was mainly about Cher promoting herself through America, with her special guest: Fifth Harmony. Cher, after seeing Fifth Harmony's video covering two of her more popular songs, Want U Back/With Ur Love, in a mash-up, decided to invite the girl-group to her tour. The girls happily accepted and after finishing their Harmonize America Mall Tour , they started to join Cher on her tour.

It should be mentioned that four of the dates in this tour are included in the Harmonize America Tour too. Those dates are in  Philadelphia, Cleveland, Chicago and San Francisco.

The official announcement of Fifth Harmony joining the tour was made on July 13, 2013.
Doxxing

Doxxing is the practice of gathering an individual's personal information, and posting it online with a malicious intent. Other users will see this personal information and then use it to harass and track the victim. It is considered a type of cyber attack, or in some cases, internet vigilantism. Aside from gathering publicly available records via social media, doxxers are also able to locate the place where a victim may live by analyzing the GPS coordinates that are embedded into photos.

Doxxing has been recently used throughout 2017 and 2018 to reveal white supremacists in the United States. This is in pursuit to silence dangerous and offensive agendas of individuals with these beliefs. Many of these individuals have since been fired from their jobs, once they were revealed to the public. Additionally, many famous Instagram and YouTube personalities have been doxxed and then stalked by individuals who were obsessed with them.

For those who value their online anonymity, users must be aware of the tools available and take precautionary steps.

**References:**

1. Doxxing Can Ruin Your life. Here's How (You Can Avoid It). (2018, January 18). Retrieved March 31, 2018, from https://heimdalsecurity.com/blog/doxxing
TOR

TOR or The Onion Router is a web browser that can help users remain anonymous by bouncing their signal through several relay points, obfuscating where and who the interent traffic came from. TOR also allows for users to access .onion web addresses.

**References:**

Tor Browser Homepage -https://www.torproject.org/projects/torbrowser.html

Guardian article about NSA exploits of TOR- https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/04/tor-attacks-nsa-users-online-anonymity
Clickstreaming

Clickstreaming is the practice of recording everything a user clicks on when they are browsing a website. This provides a large amount of data to companies who make money off of data analytics. It also provides feedback to the owner of the website about how users typically interact with aspects of the website, so they can present their information in the most productive way.

Clickstreaming can raise lots of privacy concerns for users, as they may be worried about how everything they are doing on the internet is possibly being monetized for big data analytic companies. Some Internet Service Providers have admitted to selling clickstream data on their customers in attempt to gain more revenue. Users have been utilizing free tools such as the TOR Browser to obscure the information their clicks may be transmitting.

**References**

1. Naughton, J. (2013, September 16). Internet security: 10 ways to keep your personal data safe from online snoopers. Retrieved March 27, 2018, from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/sep/16/10-ways-keep-personal-data-safe
2. Blodget, H. (2007, March 13). Compete CEO: ISPs Sell Clickstreams For $5 A Month. Retrieved March 27, 2018, from https://seekingalpha.com/article/29449-compete-ceo-isps-sell-clickstreams-for-5-a-month
3. What is a Clickstream? - Definition from Techopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved March 27, 2018, from https://www.techopedia.com/definition/15403/clickstream
LexGan

**Highest Placing Member** | Lex White (4/10)

**LexGan** was an alliance on Reload: Teen Takeover. It was a showmance alliance that consisted of Lex White and Morgan Melbourne. The duo was met with a lot of attention after Morgan let it slip that their target was Javier. After rejecting the recruitment of Charlie and Sasha, the dynamic duo found themselves separated after Morgan was ejected on Week 3.

## Members

 **Dissolved**

 **Dissolved**
Lucy Vives

Lucía Vives-Gómez is a Colombian/Puerto Rican model. Lauren dated Lucy on-and-off from around 2015 to early 2017.

## Relationship

* Lucy and Lauren would spend a lot of time together
* Both shot a 'coming out' photoshoot in 2016, which was published in March 2017, with their permission, after they had broken up. They had been outed before the shoot was published when a photo of them kissing at a private wedding of Lauren's uncle was leaked and then spread on social media by Perez Hilton.
Rakuen

**Rakuen**, also known as the **Ark**, **Elysium**, **Lemuria**, and **Mu** is a secret city located on the mysterious isle of Hakobune in East Prima, connected to the Kingdom of Shima through a land bridge.

## People

Rakuen is the last haven of the demi-human races who inhabited the planet of Providence in ancient history. As a consequence of the War in Heaven, all of the demi-human countries that once populated the world were destroyed. In order to preserve the demi-human races, Megumi, the matriarch of the Yokai, welcomed all the survivors to take refuge on Hakobune.

### Races native to East Prima

* Dokkaebi
* Kappas
* Nagas
* Oni
* Tengus

### Races from Idyllia

* Fairies
* Halflings
* Harpies
* Merfolk
* Unicorns

### Races from Huata

* Chupacabras
* Kobolds
* Treants

### Races from West Prima

* Centaurs
* Elves
* Gnomes
* Goblins
* Minotaurs
* Nymphs
* Satyrs

### Races from Savaria

* Djinn
* Giants
* Gnolls
* Hobgoblins
* Ogres
* Orcs

### Races from Motumaha

* Menehune
* Sirens

### Races from Geluda

* Dwarves
* Selkies
* Trolls
Data Privacy Group 2 Wiki

## Data Privacy

In the not so distant past, the idea of government and big business sharing all of our information was material for a sci-fi horror film. However, today this is a reality for many of us. Whether we know it or not, our whole lives are contained on the web. For most of us, we don’t know exactly what we are sharing as many of these companies doing the collecting keep this information private. While there are protections in place there are many forms of tracking that are not bounded by the law. Any of us can keep more of our private information private with a bit of knowledge.

With proper knowledge, we can try to regulate what the internet knows about us. While not all the information being shared is “bad”, it is very important to know exactly who has what. Some companies collect information on us to help to improve our browsing experience, this is a feature of Web 3.0 or the semantic web. However, a good amount of data on us is sold to advertisers to gain profit. Most of us don’t care if advertisers know what we are shopping for online, but not just our shopping habits are being tracked. Our name, address, family, location, and even bank info can all be gathered and held and these companies are using our personal data to profit.

With this in mind, many internet users will want to learn about data privacy and how best to protect themselves online. There are many sources of information on this topic, but not all are credible, and some may even want to collect the user’s data as well. This wiki aims to provide accurate information on internet privacy and how to stay anonymous online. Pages that are built around this topic will focus on various data privacy acts, how each website a user visits is tracking them across the internet, and how to protect information that is put online. Additionally, data mining is not the only issue pertinent to online privacy; how other individuals are able to stalk other users and gather their addresses and information about their families based off of their internet presence will also be covered.

The newest way the web is being used for -- to be essentially a personal assistant -- is incredibly helpful in a user’s everyday life. However, the amount of information that has to be gathered on the user to fulfill this goal of being a personal assistant is staggering. Users will now need to be aware of how their data is being spread out across the internet and who is using it in order to self-police who exactly can view their information. The internet is a powerful and useful tool when used safely, we aim with this project to give users the tools and knowledge to fully be aware of their online presence.

## Topics

The Web

Anonymity

Tracking

Data Privacy Acts

Social Media

Data
List of past and current Data Privacy Acts

Data Privacy Acts:

* 1970 U.S. Fair Credit Reporting Act
* 1970 U.S. Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization (RICO) Act
* 1974 Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)
* 1974 U.S. Privacy Act
* 1980 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guidelines
* 1984 U.S. Medical Computer Crime Act
* 1984 U.S. Federal Computer Crime Act (strengthened in 1986 and 1994)
* 1986 U.S. Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (amended in 1986, 1994, 1996 and 2001)
* 1986 U.S. Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA)
* 1987 U.S. Computer Security Act (Repealed by the Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002)
* 1988 U.S. Video Privacy Protection Act
* 1990 United Kingdom Computer Misuse Act
* 1991 U.S. Federal Sentencing Guidelines
* 1992 OECD Guidelines to Serve as a Total Security Framework
* 1994 Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act
* 1995 Council Directive on Data Protection for the European Union (EU)
* 1996 U.S. Economic and Protection of Proprietary Information Act
* 1996 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) (requirement added in December 2000)
* 1998 U.S. Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)
* 1999 U.S. Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act (UCITA)
* 2000 U.S. Congress Electronic Signatures in Global National Commerce Act ("ESIGN")
* 2001 U.S. Provide Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (PATRIOT) Act
* 2002 Homeland Security Act (HSA)
* 2002 Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002
Malware

Malware is a term that stands for malicious software. It refers to any type of computer program whose intent is to cause harm to a user's computer. Malware is typically used by hackers to steal a user's personal or financial information. Sometimes users will have to pay the hacker a large sum of money to get their information back.

Since the main intent of malware is to gather a user's personal information in some form or another, it is a huge threat to a user's data privacy. Users can utilize tools such as antivirus software and firewalls to protect themselves from malicious cyber attacks.

**References:**

1. What is Malware and How to Protect Against It? (n.d.). Retrieved March 31, 2018, from https://usa.kaspersky.com/resource-center/preemptive-safety/what-is-malware-and-how-to-protect-against-it
Internet

The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that gives the ability to connect devices from around the world to each other. Built on a layer of networks, it has multiple purposes and uses. The Internet contains many different information resources, but most notably the World Wide Web and it's interlinked Hypertext.
Denial-of-Service Attack

A Denial-of-Service Attack, commonly abbreviated at DoS or DDoS, is a cyber attack in which the attacker attempts to bring down an organization's services by either overloaded their servers with bogus requests or clogging the user's bandwidth.

DDoS stands for distributed denial of service which means that an attacker is using multiple devices to launch the attack as opposed to one source. This can be done through a botnet or other forms of zombie computer techniques.

## **References:**

https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/tips/ST04-015
Widgets

A widget is any part of a user interface that can display information and interact with a user's actions. A widget can be configured to do almost any small information-centered task on a website.

One such type of widget is used for tracking visitors to a website. It gathers information on visitors such as their geographical location, what website they visited last, and any external links they may have clicked on to leave the website.

**References**

1. Adding Visitor Tracking Widgets to Your Site. (2017, September 26). Retrieved March 27, 2018, from https://www.theedublogger.com/2017/02/23/visitor-tracking-widgets/
2. What is widget? - Definition from WhatIs.com. (n.d.). Retrieved March 27, 2018, from http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/widget
Telephone

A system that converts acoustic vibrations to electrical signals in order to transmit sound, typically voices, over a distance using wire or radio. For a long time, Alexander Graham Bell was considered the inventor of the telephone, along with Elisha Gray. However, Bell was not the inventor of this device, but only the first to patent it. This happened in 1876. On June 11, 2002, the Congress of the United States of America approved Resolution 269, in which it is recognized that the inventor of the telephone was Antonio Meucci, who called it telephone, and not Bell. In 1871 Meucci could only, due to financial difficulties, present a brief description of his invention, but not formalize the patent before the United States Patent Office. Although Meucci had made his first prototype in 1854, by 1861 Johann Philipp Reis had already developed another prototype independently, so even his patent application was late. The conventional telephone consists of two circuits that work together: the conversation circuit, which is the analog part, and the dialing circuit, which handles dialing and calling. Both voice signals and dial and call signals (signaling), as well as power, share the same pair of wires; This is sometimes called "signaling within the (voice) band. The characteristic impedance of the line is 600 Ω. The most striking thing is that the signals coming from the telephone to the central and those that are directed to it from it travel along that same line of only two threads. To be able to combine two signals (electromagnetic waves) in the same line that travel in opposite directions and then to separate them, a device called hybrid transformer or hybrid coil is used, which is nothing more than a power coupler (duplexer).

**References:**

1. https://www.britannica.com/technology/telephone
2. http://www.elon.edu/e-web/predictions/150/1870.xhtml
Data Privacy Acts

Information or data privacy is the non-disclosure or misuse of information about private individuals. Data privacy acts were brought on due to the concern for the safety of personal and classified information being transferred across international borders arose in all developing countries. Today, the issue of information and data privacy is still relevant with the use of large social media platforms (i.e. Facebook, Twitter, etc.), where large amounts of personal information is used and transferred daily across the web. In the United States, there are multiple acts like the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), or the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) . These acts are just a few implementations of data protection.

Present laws enforcing the protection of information are based on the Fair Information Practice Principles (FIPP) developed in the 1970s by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW). The initial development of the FIPP was mainly due to the increase in the use of computers, and sharing of personal information. Here is a list of past and current Data Privacy Acts.
Facebook

Facebook is a social media website that allows users to connect and share information about their lives with friends and family. It was created in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg, and has evolved in many ways over the years that it has been active.

On March 17, 2018, it was revealed that Facebook had security vulnerabilities that allowed for a data mining company called Cambridge Analytica to harvest profiles and private user information to influence the American 2016 presidential election.

**References:**

1. Meredith, S. (2018, April 10). Facebook-Cambridge Analytica: A timeline of the data hijacking scandal. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/10/facebook-cambridge-analytica-a-timeline-of-the-data-hijacking-scandal.html
2. Nations, D. (n.d.). What Is Facebook? Here's What You Should Know. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-facebook-3486391
Hacker

A hacker is typically described as an individual who has a high level of skill with a computer that uses their technical knowledge to complete tasks and problems. Usually hackers have a bad connotation to them, but there are two main types of hackers.

White hat hackers use their technical skills ethically. These individuals are employed by companies and the government to ensure that their networks do not have any security vulnerabilities. This is known as penetration testing, or "pentesting" for short. White hat hackers ensure that any information that should be encrypted in a system is truly secure.

Black hat hackers are the type of individuals that most people think of when they hear the term "hacker". These are the types that are typically presented as the antagonist in television shows or movies. Black hat hackers are criminals because they attempt to access users' private data illegally using their technical skills. They also attempt to spread malware and execute various other cyber attacks.

**References:**

1. What is hacker? - Definition from WhatIs.com. (n.d.). Retrieved April 15, 2018, from https://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/hacker
Scared Of Happy

## *7/27* Chronology

"**Scared Of Happy**" is the ninth track from Fifth Harmony's sophomore studio album, *7/27*.

## Lyrics

[Verse 1: Lauren]

It's been a while since I was lost for words

Needles and static and stutters

I never knew a love that doesn't hurt

Feeling the heat and the burn

[Pre-Chorus 1: Camila]

Just give me one good reason, drop everything and leave it

Seconds away from turning this car back around

Something about your feeling, pushing and pulling me in

And now my walls fall down

[Chorus: Dinah & Camila]

Usually fearless, why am I scared of happy?

Usually fearless, why am I scared of happy?

I'm afraid of nothing, I'm afraid of no one

Used to be fearless, why am I scared of happy?

Scared of happy

[Verse 2: Ally]

There is something good in sticking to your guns

No one to blame but yourself

I take a step back and I breathe for once

This is what I want

[Pre-Chorus 2: Normani]

You give me one good reason, drop everything and leave it

Seconds away from pulling up outside your door

Something about your feeling, pushing and pulling me in

That's why I come back for more

[Chorus: Dinah & Camila]

Usually fearless, why am I scared of happy?

Usually fearless, why am I scared of happy?

I'm afraid of nothing, I'm afraid of no one

Used to be fearless, why am I scared of happy?

Scared of happy

[Bridge: Lauren & Camila]

When it all goes down

When it all goes down

Will you still be around?

I'm coming back, no more running away

[Chorus: Dinah]

Usually fearless, why am I scared of happy?

Usually fearless, why am I scared of happy?

I'm afraid of nothing, I'm afraid of no one

Used to be fearless, why am I scared of happy?

[Post-Chorus: Ally & Camila]

Why am I scared of happy?

Scared of happy

Why am I scared of happy?

Scared of happy

Why am I scared of happy?

Scared of happy

Why am I?

[Outro Chorus: Camila & Normani & (Camila & Dinah)]

Used to be fearless, why am I scared of happy?

Usually fearless, why am I scared of happy?

(I'm afraid of nothing, I'm afraid of no one)

Used to be fearless, why am I... scared of happy?
VPN

VPN stands for Virtual Private Network. A VPN can extend a private network outside of it's physical limits so that users can access the private network even when not in range. VPNs do not keep users anonymous but they do provide extra security by encrypting the data and only allowing authenticated access across the network[1]. VPN have faced crackdowns in countries such as China and Russia[2]

**References:**

1: Microsoft article on VPN- https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2000/bb742566(v=technet.10)

2: Wired article on Chinese and Russian crackdowns-https://www.wired.com/story/china-russia-vpn-crackdown/
Thousand Confederation

The **Thousand Confederation** is a tribal confederation located on the continent of Huata. It is bordered to the north by the Republic of Liberland and is also neighbors with the Florian Gestalt.

The confederation’s name is derived from the many tribes that united against the colonists during the Idyllian Colonial War long ago. It is believed that over a thousand different tribes throughout Idyllia and Huata set aside their differences to fight the Yuran and West Priman colonists.
Hypertext

Hypertext is text displayed on a computer or web browser using a device that references using hyperlinks to other text the user can access. Hypertext is connected to other hypertext using hyperlinks when click on. Hypertext is a key component of the web, and allows for easy sharing of information. Websites are often written in Hypertext Markup Language, making it a key component of the structure of the web.
Avatar

In computer science, an avatar is a digital representation of a user profile. An avatar makes interacting over the Internet slightly more personable and gives users a better chance to have a unique presence. Before, a user could only rely on a screen name, but now that photos can be associated with profiles, it relatively fixes the information problem of having too many names.

Many social media sites such as Facebook would have lots of difficulties differentiating users because lots of people have the same name, making it hard for people to identify them. However, adding an avatar enables other users to know which 'John Doe' is the John that they are particularly looking for
Uniform Resource Locators

A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is also known more commonly as a web address, and references to a location on the computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it. A URL is a specific type of Uniform Resource Identifier although most people use the terms interchangeably. URL's are displayed above the web browser in an address bar. This is the most common way of creating and sharing on the web.
Hopeless Fountain Kingdom World Tour

## Tours Chronology

The **Hopeless Fountain Kingdom World Tour** is the second headlining concert tour by American singer-songwriter Halsey, it in support of her second studio album *Hopeless Fountain Kingdom* (2017). The tour began on September 29, 2017, in Uncasville, Connecticut, at the Mohegan Sun Arena, and is scheduled to conclude on September 22, 2018, in London, England, at Eventim Apollo. The North American leg of the tour was supported by PartyNextDoor and Charli XCX, and the Oceanian leg is supported by Kehlani. In 2017, the tour grossed $9.2 million from 28 shows with 340,983 tickets sold across North America.

## Background

On March 26, 2018, Lauren Jauregui announced that she will be joining on the tour Latin America run.

The Hopeless Fountain Kingdom World Tour is Lauren's first solo tour and opening act tour.

## Setlist

1. "Toy"
2. "Back To Me"
3. "In Your Phone""
4. "All Night" (Piano Version)
5. "Inside"
6. "Imagine" (John Lennon Cover)
7. "OJOS ASI" (Shakira Cover)
8. "Expectations"

## Shows

 June 6, 2018
 June 9, 2018
 June 12, 2018
 June 15, 2018
 August 3, 2018

## References

1. ↑ *Instagram* - laurenjauregui - So excited to be joining the lovely @iamhalsey on her LATINO AMERICA run! Click the link for tickets💕💕
Providence

**Providence** is the planet on which the *Infinity Saga* series takes place. It is encompassed by the greater plane of existence known as Azuria.

## Regions

### Idyllia

* Eden Academy City
* Republic of Liberland

### Huata

* Thousand Confederation
* Florian Gestalt

### West Prima

* Kingdom of Veille
* Confederation of Skandia
* Free City of Midia
* Commonwealth of Vlozky

### East Prima

* Khaganate of Dahakstan
* Monastic Order of Rhasa
* Empire of Yura
* Principality of Danung
* Rakuen

### Savaria

* Empire of Sundi
* Ebony Horde

### Motumaha

* Tribal Council of Hama
* Port Haven

### Geluda

* Society of Zero
* League of the Lost
Anonymity

Anonymity is defined as the condition of being anonymous. That is, keeping your real identity hidden from anyone trying to figure out said identity. There are many reasons why a user might want to remain anonymous online. They could be trying to avoid tracking. They could be posting sensitive information that they would rather not have attached to their real life name. Multiple tools can be used to help protect a users real life identity including VPN and TOR. Over the past few years, governments have been targeting illicit services hosted on the dark web such as drug markets[1] and terrorist communications[2]

**References:**

1: DeepDotWeb artcile on drug crackdown- https://www.deepdotweb.com/2017/05/20/us-federal-government-focus-crackdown-illicit-dark-web-drug-trading/

2: USA Today article - https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2017/03/27/terrorists-use-dark-web-hide-london-whatsapp-encryption/99698672/
The Web

The Web, abbreviated from "World Wide Web", is a space where information is identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) linked by hypertext. The web contains many different forms of media from documents and files to music and video, almost every type of digital media can be shared using the web.

In 1989, English scientist Tim Berners-Lee came up with the concept of the World Wide Web, eventually creating the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) a form of coding language that the entire program is written with. Hypertext Markup Language allows the formatting of text as well as images, video, and audio which web browsers then interpret into pages of content.

## Web 2.0

Web 2.0 was the first big change for the World Wide Web, moving from the static HTML pages to something more interactive. Web 2.0 is the social web, focusing on media, blogging, and communities. Large platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Reddit found their user base during this time as the idea of sharing personal information, not just data, started to grow.

A large part of Web 2.0 for developers was the addition of integration from other websites. While 2.0 was developing we see sites like YouTube offering the user the ability to share videos to Facebook. A focus on user-generated content with forums and creative websites allowed for us to share not only data but also ideas and opinions with ease. 2.0 really pushed creative users to share their work using these interlinked websites, creating a much more active and social internet.

## Web 3.0

Web 3.0 is a complete reinvention of the web. It looks to completely change what the web can be, from previous iterations. Web 2.0 was an evolution of 1.0, and although in the end it was much more advanced, the framework from what existed before was still there. Web 3.0 is a new type of web all around, it will change how developers create websites as well as how the user interacts with it. This new Web will be smarter and looks to make our lives easier by learning about the users habits.

Web 3.0 is still a growing process that will take a while to be fully implemented into daily use, it hasn't even been fully defined yet. The affects of Web 3.0 or the semantic web, can be seen today however in sparse ways. Phones recommend users quick routes home, the current weather, and food/entertainment suggestions based on previous experiences. This is due to the semantic webs ability to learn and remember more about the user, implementing basic suggestions.

## References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World\_Wide\_Web

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/4923/web-30

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/4922/web-20
Races

Les Races ont une importance capitale dans le jeu, en ce qui concerne :

* Les relations entre individus,
* Les caractéristiques des individus (force, sagesse, etc),
* Leurs habitudes de vie

Le choix de la race du joueur au début du jeu modifiera donc son aventure.

Celui-ci peut choisir entre 6 races sélectionnables, les autres sont réservées à des PNJ.

### Races sélectionnables

* Humains
* Oculains
* Feûlains
* Ferrés
* Angulains
* Golems de Sang

### Races non sélectionnables

* Golems d'Argile
* Marcheurs du Loin
* (Rats plumés)
Geolocation

Geolocation is an aspect of metadata which identifies the real-time coordinates of a device. A device's geographic location is put inside the metadata through a service's request, which will then use calculations through radio frequencies to find the precise whereabouts of a user.

This form of data is often seen as controversial as it fulfills the 'Big Brother' narrative of people being spied on, however, geolocation services have also given birth to a number of different technologies enjoyed by users today including Google Maps, Pokemon Go!, and all social media services.
Metadata

Metadata is information about data. Metadata usually includes descriptions such as the name of the person who created the data, their social profile, and even their geolocation. Metadata can be used to gain demographic knowledge of a service's user base, and it can be used to direct advertisements towards users based on filters searching for metadata. This type of advertisement has become more common, especially with bigger services such as Google, Facebook, and Twitter.

## References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metadata

https://techterms.com/definition/metadata