recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Psychophysics

Psychophysics refers to the relation between physical stimuli and their corresponding sensations and perceptions. Psychophysics are used to measure the limits of human perception, and to observe cognitive states when those limits are approached.

Related concepts include signal detection theory and just-noticeable difference. Signal detection theory refers to an individual's ability to identify objects or patterns in the face of distractors or noise. Just-noticeable difference refers to the smallest physical difference between to stimuli that is detectable by an observer.
Imagery Debate

The Imagery Debate began when Pylyshyn (1973) challenged Kosslyn's results of time delay in "imaging travel" and subsequent explanation by Kosslyn of imagery using a mechanism of spacial representation.  Pylyshyn disagreed with Kosslyn that spacial representation was actually happening in imagery.  Pylyshyn proposed that the underlying mechanism in imagery is propositional, meaning the relationship can be represented with symbols (language) rather than depicted by a picture or spacial representation.

Denis, M., & Kosslyn, S. M. (1999). Scanning visual mental images: A window on the mind. *Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive/Current Psychology of Cognition, 18*(4), 409-465.
Sequential vs. Parallel Processing (e.g., Serial search vs. Pop-out effects)

71. The modal model suggested that information processing is sequential (sensory storage to attention to perception to STM to LTM), like in **visual search** (where the time to find a target like F increases as the search array of Es, Ls, and Ts gets larger) or serial, exhaustive memory search (e.g., **Sternberg’s Serial Probe Recognition Task**). However, there is also evidence of parallel processing—**pop-out effects** in visual search for example, where targets are located equally quickly, irrespective of array set size. The **parallel distributed processing** (PDP, or connectionism) neural-network models (many using Hebb l

   earning algorithms from Thing #69) that became popular following **Rumelhart & McClelland**’s (1986) influential books, highlight the fact that multiple cognitive processes can, and often do, work simultaneously.

Townsend, J. T. (1990). Serial vs. parallel processing: Sometimes they look like Tweedledum and Tweedledee but they can (and should) be distinguished. Psychological Science, 1(1), 46-54.    https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c8e3/0adb482df3c1c073e6ce35342fc0c82dce74.pdf

   McClelland, J. L., Rumelhart, D. E., & PDP Research Group. (1987). Parallel distributed processing (Vol. 2). Cambridge, MA:: MIT press.http://web.stanford.edu/~jlmcc/papers/PDP/Volume%201/Chap1\_Part1\_PDP86.pdf
Stimulus Salience & Attentional Capture

Stimulus salience refers to bottom-up factors that determine and attract attention to elements or objects in a scene. The term salient, itself, means to be noticeable or stand out. Salient features are physical properties and can include things like color, movement, and pitch. Attentional capture is when attention due to stimulus salience causes an involuntary shift of attention. For example, advertisers may use attentional capture as a marketing strategy on websites by placing flashing ads for a product on the side of the news article you are attempting to read. It is difficult to attend to plain news text when there is a flashing advertisement in your field of vision.

Parkhurst, D., Law, K.,
& Niebur, E. (2002). Modeling the role of salience in the allocation of
overt visual attention. *Vision research*, *42*(1), 107-123.

Simola, J., Kuisma, J.,
Öörni, A., Uusitalo, L., & Hyönä, J. (2011). The impact of salient
advertisements on reading and attention on web pages. *Journal of Experimental*
Psychology: Applied*,*17*(2), 174*
22. Hugo Munsterberg and Applied Psych

This is a slight build off my last post on false memory, so
I focus on Munsterberg’s involvement in forensic psychology/eyewitness
testimony, although there are lots of different things I could talk about that
Munsterberg studied!

Hugo Munsterberg was a doctoral student of Wilhelm Wundt’s
and later a professor at Harvard. He is well known for his work in an applied/practical
psychology (unlike his mentor Wundt who was an advocate as psychology as a ‘pure’
science). Included in his interests were industry (efficiency and vocational
placement), law, clinical and teaching psychology. Specifically, he was one of the first
psychologists to investigate the accuracy of memories, specifically when it came
to eyewitness testimonies and false confessions. He published his book *On the Witness* Stand in 1908, but many
of his opinions, including questioning the  decision-making processes of jurors, were criticized
and his expertise in these areas questioned.

On the Witness Stand available here: http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Munster/Witness/
35. Rosch and Prototypicality

To follow up on the categorization post a bit…

Eleanor Rosch conducted a series of studies initially investigating the structure of color categories (i.e., are certain colors better examples of a particular color category than others?). Extending previous theories such as Wittgenstein's theory of family resemblance (i.e., concepts with overlapping features), Rosch defined “prototypical” category members as stimuli that are considered to be the most central, or the most representative, member of a category. For example, when considering the category “bird”, we may find a robin or crow to be more prototypical of this category than a penguin (a peripheral, atypical category memory.

Rosch, E.H. (1973): "Natural categories", *Cognitive Psychology* 4, 328-350.
Modularity of Mind

*Modularity of Mind* is the title of both a book by Jerry Fodor and the philosophy of cognitive sciences it bore. Even though I don't think anyone, Fodor included, truly understands the writing in *Modularity of Mind*, some the big points of the book were rather impactful. Cognition (hold that thought) is conceived as the sum output of a network of functionally independent input / output modules. The modules are strictly defined by their adherence to nine criteria - most importantly that they make fast, frugal, specific outputs, in response to fixed inputs, in a way that can't be inhibited and that we can't introspect. The 'hold that thought' above is because Fodor argued that what cognitive psychologists are studying is necessarily limited to 'what inputs go where' kinds of questions. 'Central cognition', the juicy stuff that is what we purport to study, is forever veiled by the nature of the module architecture. So really we're all wasting our time! Or something.

Modularity assumptions were transformative to universal grammar theories, early cognitive neuroscience, evolutionary psychology, certain kinds of formalizations of cognition, and other insurgent parts of our field.

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/modularity-mind/#ModuFodoStylModeProp
Split Brain Experiments

Split brain experiments involve studying rare participants who have severed connections between hemispheres via the corpus callosum.  Roger Sperry (Another Nobel Prize winner, Beran wins the day!) was the first to study these patients (later, Mike Gazzaniga), and reported interesting phenomena that appeared to show each hemisphere having separate perceptual experiences that then led to different decisions or responses.  Often, these people would provide verbal responses that suggested a clear conflicts between hemispheres in terms of information processing. For example, a patient with a split brain is shown a picture of a chicken foot and a snowy field in separate visual fields and asked to choose from a list of words the best association with the pictures. The patient would choose a chicken to associate with the chicken foot and a shovel to associate with the snow; however, when asked to reason why the patient chose the shovel, the response would relate to the chicken (e.g. "the shovel is for cleaning out the chicken coop").

For a long time, there was the argument that these kinds of phenomena suggested "two consciousnesses" in the brain, and one that (because it lacked access to language outputs) was largely muted but still present.  However, more recently, this particular idea has been challenged by new evidence that suggests split hemispheres still produce a unitary state of consciousness.

http://www.uva.nl/en/content/news/press-releases/2017/01/split-brain-does-not-lead-to-split-consciousness.html
7. Cognition

Cognitive psychology/science tends to be the field most associated with the study of cognition or, broadly, the way people think. Cognition refers to the mental processes used to acquire knowledge and understand our environment and how we use this knowledge to produce behavior. Mental processes associated with attention, perception, categorization, memory, language, judgment and problem-solving influence the way we acquire, manipulate, store and retrieve information used for subsequent behavior. Cognition also refers to the ways in which these mental processes may operate at various depths/levels of processing and/or awareness (e.g., controlled--automatic processes, implicit--explicit memory, conscious--subconscious awareness) as well as awareness of one's own mental processes (i.e., metacognition).

Because you'll be required to read some brand of this book as a cognitive scientist: Benjafield, J. G. (2010). Cognition. Edgewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Theory of Mind

Theory of Mind refers to the understanding that one has thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and desires and that these mental states in others often differ from oneself. Theory of mind has been studied extensively in children and nonhuman animals. However, study with nonhuman species can prove difficult as many tests of theory of mind are human-specific. Children generally begin to develop early stages of theory of mind during their late preschool years. Many tasks have been designed to test for theory of mind in children, the most well known being the “Sally-Anne Task” or the “false-belief task”. The task involves testing whether children will correctly guess where someone else may search for a toy when it was hidden within view of the other but then moved within view of the child and not the other. Deficits in theory of mind development are often seen in children with autism who struggle with social cues and understanding of others’ intentions.

Call, J., & Tomasello, M. (2008). Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? 30 years later. *Trends in cognitive sciences*, *12*(5), 187-192.

Slaughter, V. (2015). Theory of mind in infants and young children: A review. *Australian Psychologist*, *50*(3), 169-172.

Baron-Cohen, S. (2001). Theory of mind and autism: A review. *International review of research in mental retardation*, *23*(23), 169-184.
Recall vs Recognition

Generally, in recall and recognition tasks, participants are given a list of to be remembered stimuli
and later asked what they remember from the list. Recall tasks ask a participant to relist all the items they remember. Recall tasks may be free or cued. In cued recall, participants are given hints (cues) to help them recall
items from the list, unlike a free recall task, where recall is ‘free’ from hints.

Recognition tasks do not require a participant to call up a specific memory of an item or event. Generally, researchers will present a new list of stimuli, some of which overlap with the to-be-remembered list and participants are asked to identify which of the stimuli are from the to-be-remembered list. Additionally, in recognition tasks, researchers can ask a participant whether they remember or know a particular item. To remember refers to items they have a vivid and specific memory(recollection) of being in the
list, whereas, knowing refers to having a familiarity with the item, but not being able to pinpoint the exact memory of the item being in the to-be-remembered list.

Participants’ responses to recall and recognition tasks can be analyzed to determine the whether there is
a pattern to the way items are remembered. For example, a researcher may be looking for a serial position curve (see Ebbinghaus 'things'), or they may look
at what kind of items are remembered versus which are forgotten.

(See, for example, this figure from former GSU psychology faculty member Frank Heist and his advisor Larry Squire, http://whoville.ucsd.edu/PDFs/192\_Haist\_etal\_JEP\_1992.pdf .)
49. Top-down v Bottom-up processing

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Processing directly influenced by a stimulus is often described as **bottom-up processing**. The basic features of stimuli are assembled and integrated into preexisting knowledge. In contrast, processing that is directly influenced by preexisting knowledge (e.g., past experience, expectations) is often described as **top-down processing**. For example, when viewing the figure, you may have read the phrase “Paris in the Spring” -  evidence of your expectation (i.e., top-down processing) dominating the actual basic feature information of the stimulus (i.e., bottom-up processing).

Awh, E., Belopolsky, A. V., & Theeuwes, J. (2012). Top-down versus bottom-up attentional control: A failed theoretical dichotomy. *Trends in cognitive sciences*, *16*(8), 437-443.

Sobel, K. V., Gerrie, M. P., Poole, B. J., & Kane, M. J. (2007). Individual differences in working memory capacity and visual search: The roles of top-down and bottom-up processing. *Psychonomic Bulletin & Review*, *14*(5), 840-845.
Supervisory Attentional System

Norman and Shallice’s Supervisory Attentional Control model
(1980) was based on the Schneider and Schiffrin (1977) study that proposed
automatic and controlled processing within routine and non-routine situations.  SAS model distinguished between contention
scheduling (lower-level mechanism activating or inhibiting schemata in routine
circumstance for familiar and automatic response) and supervisory control (higher-level
mechanism that controls contention scheduling to produce novel, flexible,
planned response).

Schneider, W., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1977). Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention. *Psychological Review, 84*(1), 1-66.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.1.1

Norman D.A., Shallice T. (1986) Attention to Action. In: Davidson R.J., Schwartz G.E., Shapiro D. (eds) Consciousness and Self-Regulation. Springer, Boston, MA
Tolman: Latent learning and Cognitive maps

Edward Tolman was one of the first behaviorists to introduce
a cognitive perspective on learning and behavior. He introduced “purposive
behaviorism” as a branch of psychology that studies behaviors as being
goal-oriented, rather than just stimulus-response (see his 1932 book: *Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men*).
Tolman is most well known for his studies on latent learning and cognitive
maps. In 1930, Tolman and Honzik demonstrated that rats learn, albeit slowly,
without having to operate directly on a stimulus response (a reward at the end
of a maze). Tolman also described cognitive maps (mental representations one
uses to navigate their environment) in rats that were able to correctly
navigate their way to the food source in a maze despite being placed at different
entry points to the maze. He argued that rats had formed a “map” by using
multiple cues from the space that allowed them to effectively find the food.

Tolman, E. C. & Honzik, C. H. (1930). Introduction and
removal of reward, and maze performance in rats. *University of California Publications in Psychology, 4,* 257-275.

Tolman, E. C. (1948). Cognitive maps in rats and men. *Psychological Review, 55,* 189-208. http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Tolman/Maps/maps.htm
Kahneman's Dual Systems Approach to thinking

Daniel Khaneman in his book *Thinking Fast and Slow* (2011) outlines two systems, originally proposed by Stanovich and West (2000) (Dual Systems Approach), used for judgements, reasoning, and decision making.  System 1 (Type One Processing) is fast, automatic, nonconscious,  intuitive and more efficient by engaging less cognitive resources,  but is also the system responsible for errors caused by biases, heuristics, and influenced by emotions.  System Two (Type Two Processing) is reflective, slow, conscious, and controlled processing that can intervene and override System One.  Less errors occur when System Two is engaged, but is costly in cognitive resources.  The Wason four-card tasks demonstrates the difference in systems within two types of the task.  One abstract version that utilizes leterna dn numbers requires effortful, thoughtful reasoning and engages System Two.  The other version uses beer and drinking age, which is a more realistic scenario, and consequently engages System One to solve the problem.
Priming Effect

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Priming occurs when exposure to one stimuli influences responses to subsequent stimuli. This often occurs without conscious knowledge or awareness. Priming effects can influence memory, behavior, and perception, among other cognitive processes.

Neely, J. H. (2012). Semantic priming effects in visual word recognition: A selective review of current findings and theories. In *Basic processes in reading* (pp. 272-344). Routledge.

Draine & Greenwald (1998).  Replicable unconscious semantic priming.  *Journal of Experimental Psychology:  General*, 127, 286-303.

Vitkovitch, Potton, Bakogianni, Kinch (2006).  Will Julia Roberts harm Nicole Kidman?  Semantic priming effects during face naming.  *The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology*, 59, 1134-1152.

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Slasher

**Slasher** is a member of the Monster Organization and is one of the higher ranking members.

## Appearance

Almost all of Slasher's body is covered in bandages and is always drenched in blood. His right eye is visible which glows red, and his large disfigured and rotten teeth are visible as well. He wears a dark scarf which is torn at the end. He also has a giant knife going through his head and his hands are replaced with metal blades.

## Personality

Slasher is a highly dangerous sadist who enjoys putting his enemies through extreme pain, both physically and emotionally. He has no qualms about killing innocent people for his own amusement and loves to torture his victims slowly and hear them scream. He is shown to be cannibalistic as he sometimes eats the organs of his victims. His thirst for blood cannot be quenched.

## History

Slasher was once a regular human. However, something extremely tragic happened to him which caused him to turn insane and start killing people. He eventually joined the Monster Organization to make it easier to kill humans.

## Plot

### Spectre Vs. Lockdown Arc

Slasher first appeared alongside Prism when they were scouting the mountains and discovered Spectre's seemingly lifeless body. They took him and brought him to the Monster Organization headquarters to show Nocturnus.

## Abilities and Powers

### Physical Abilities

**Enhanced Strength**: WIP

**Enhanced Speed and Reflexes**: WIP
Ghost

**Ghost** is a member of the Spectre Team and is also one of the main characters of the series.

## Appearance

Ghost, along with the rest of his species, have the overall appearance of a ghost. He has sharp teeth, orange colored eyes and wears the Spectre Army uniform with rips at the end of the sleeves, and wears the uniform cap on his head. He is always seen with a bored-like expression on his face.

## Personality

Ghost does not care about anyone or anything in existence. He doesn't care about what is happening around him or even the well being of his own teammates. He almost always remains silent and will not speak unless spoken to, although he does let out his opinions during team meetings. He also stated once that he wants everything to die and not exist.

He does however, take the mission to conquer and destroy Earth seriously. He constantly reminds Spectre to focus on the mission and kill every living thing he sees that isn't a Spectre. Ghost also appears to always be bored and not interested in anything. In battle, he never shows pain when he is injured by an opponent, even when he was in a near-death state during the final battle against Lockdown's elite minions. It is safe to say that he has no emotions.

## Abilities and Powers

### Physical Abilities

**Enhanced Strength**: WIP

**Immense Speed and Reflexes**: WIP

**Immense Endurance**: WIP

### Supernatural Abilities

**Regeneration**: WIP

**Shapeshifting**: WIP

**Invisibility**: His unique special ability. Ghost can make himself completely invisible to everyone, including his own teammates. He uses this ability as a means of stealth, and for sneak attacks. However, Pavor Nocturnus was still able to sense and see him.

## Trivia

* He seems to be the only member of the team to dislike grape juice.
* In Ghost's bedroom, the number ''666'' can be seen scratched onto his wall. This suggests that Ghost may be satanic, unless it was already there before the team moved into the abandoned house and made it their hideout.
Bubbles

**Bubbles** is an assassin working for the Assassin Organization. He holds the lowest rank, his rank being 14.

## Appearance

Bubbles is a light blue slime with a singular large green eye. His mouth is always shown open, with two fangs visible. He has four arms and has an orb hidden in his body, which serves as his life force.

## Personality

Bubbles is a childish and selfish person who likes to make jokes and play around. He often makes mistakes and likes to tease his fellow assassins. However, deep down, he suffers from depression. This is revealed when Deadslash scolded him for doing bad during their fight against Spectre and his team.

## History

Nothing much is revealed about his past except that he has two brothers, one being older and one younger. Seeing that he has depression, something very sad and tragic must have happened to him in the past. His reasons for joining the Assassin Organization are also still unclear.

## Plot

### Assassin Organization Arc

Bubbles first appeared in a team meeting held by Sirus regarding the Spectres.

## Abilities and Powers

### Physical Abilities

**Homogenous Body**: Bubbles' body is made up of a liquid substance and therefore has no vulnerable internal organs or visible weak points to target, thus greatly reducing damage taken. However, deep inside of his chest lies an orb which serves as his life force. If it is destroyed, it will kill him.

> **Shapeshifting**: Given that Bubbles' entire body is made of liquid-like substance, he has great control over the shape of his form. He can transform parts of his body into blades which can cut through human flesh with ease.
>
>

## Trivia

* He appears to like grape juice, similar to the Spectres.
* He doesn't seem to take his job as an assassin seriously and seems to socialize with his fellow assassins. It's possible he only joined the organization with the hopes of making new friends.
Surfer of Darkness

**Surfer of Darkness** is a professional hero who works for the government.

## Appearance

Surfer of Darkness wears a white and black mask over his head and a black and white superhero suit with a white cape and a utility belt. He also has a metal surfboard which was designed specifically for him.

## Personality

He is a very brave hero who has a strong sense of justice and will overlook any crime and do what it takes to stop criminals and other beings of evil. However, he is very clumsy as he falls off of his surfboard sometimes. He has a small sense of humor as well, and is very overconfident, which leads to his failure, such as when he first challenged Wraith to a fight and instantly lost with one attack.

## Plot

### Spectre Hunt Arc

Surfer of Darkness first appeared observing the Spectres fighting the Snake Ops in the distant sky.

### Monster Organization Arc

Later, the Surfer of Darkness visited Governor Sanford and gave him a device which had the co-ordinates of the Spectre hideout saved on it.

## Abilities and Powers

### Physical Abilities

**Enhanced Strength**: WIP

**Enhanced Speed**: WIP

### Equipment

**Surfboard**: Surfer of Darkness is seen riding on a specially designed surfboard whenever he is outside. This surfboard helps him get around quickly and has rocket boosters built into it to boost his speed. It is made of very strong material and cannot be damaged by sharp objects or bullets.

**Sword**: He carries a sword which he uses as a weapon in battle. He is shown to be quite skilled in using it.
Ebbinghaus, Part 3: Primacy Effect

Related to the recency effect (see previous post), Ebbinghaus also found that a person’s recall accuracy for a list of words is better for the words at the beginning of the list. The reason for this “primacy effect” is because people tend to rehearse words learned at the beginning of the list while being presented with further items. This rehearsal leads to enhanced processing of the first items, resulting in the items being stored in long-term
memory. The serial position effect, therefore, is that items at the beginning (primacy) and items at the end (recency) of a list of information (e.g., word list) are more easily remembered than items in the middle. The primacy effect can be reduced with speeded presentation of list items.
100 things Wiki

## Welcome to the 100 things Wiki

100ish things every cognitive psychologist should know. For Georgia State University CGS faculty and students. These are the facts, phenomena, people, theories, and definitions that people interested in cognition would be embarrassed not to know.

## Describe your topic

Two teams of faculty and students will alternate (IDEA, then COMIC, then IDEA...) suggesting short (think tweet-length, but not more than 75 words or so) "things" that every cognitive psychologist should know. When the list is 'complete' we will have cognitive psychologists outside these teams score the responses and award points. NOTE: Your "thing" may contain several important facts (e.g., the phenomenon, the researcher, the year); however, if your entry is too long, you probably need to split it into multiple "things." The opportunity to submit things should alternate between members of a team (e.g., Washburn from IDEA, then someone from COMIC, then Whitham from IDEA, then someone else from COMIC, then Bond...). No collusion within or between teams: each person should submit the cognitive 'thing' that she or he thinks is important.

## Latest activity

Photos and videos are a great way to add visuals to your wiki. Add one below!

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Resistance

The **Resistance** is a group composed of highly trained individuals led by Williams. They were a team whose main goal was to eliminate any and all threats.

Nearly every member of the team were killed in battle, the only survivors being Williams and Zer0. The team is now disbanded.

## Known Members

* Williams
* Nova
* Metacore
* Jet
* Kasie
* Daniel
* Terynce
* Trench
* Zer0
Cocktail party effect/Selective Attention

The Cocktail party effect is the phenomenon in which one can focus attention on a particular stimulus among others, such as a single conversation in a noisy room. Early experiments by Cherry and Moray used shadowing tasks that presented different messages into different ears of each participant. People were able to easily focus on one message while rejecting and gathering very little information from the other (Cherry, 1953; Moray, 1959). This work also paved the way for several theories of selective attention such as Broadbent’s filter model (a ‘filter’ blocks out unattended information; Broadbent, 1954) and Treisman’s attenuation theory of attention (unattended information is not completely blocked out, but processed at a subconscious level and words of semantic importance can be drawn from the unattended information; Treisman, 1969).

See:

Cherry, E.C. (1953). Some experiments on the recognition of speech with one and two ears. *J. acoust. Soc. Amer.* 25, 975-979.

Moray, Neville (1959). Attention in dichotic listening: Affective cues and the influence of instructions. *Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology.* 11, 56-60.

Broadbent, D.E. (1954). The role of auditory localization in
attention and memory span. *Journal of Experimental Psych*. 47, 191-196.

Treisman, A. M. (1969). Strategies and models of selective attention. *Psychological Review*. 76, 282-299.
Revenant

**Revenant** is a member of the Spectre Team and is one of the main characters of the series.

## Appearance

Like all other members of his race, Revenant has traits similar to that of a ghost. He has disfigured sharp teeth, green eyes and wears the Spectre Army uniform with rips at the end of the sleeves. He also wears the uniform cap.

## Personality

Revenant is a crazy and rather sadistic individual. He is always seen with a huge smile and is sometimes shown drooling. He likes to talk and have fun with his teammates and keep the atmosphere lively, similar to Spectre. Out of all the members of the team, Revenant gets along with Spectre the most and considers him a good friend. He is also shown to be a messy eater and has bad table manners. Just like all members of the team, Revenant is serious about the invasion of Earth and defeating their enemies.

In his insane mode, he keeps all the traits he has normally, except he becomes extremely and completely sadistic. He feels no pain in his insane mode and begs his enemies to keep injuring him. He also brutally kills his enemies and sometimes eats their body parts and organs. He is extremely dangerous whenever he goes insane.

## History

It is known that Revenant was once very good friends with Spooky, a member of Poltergeist's team.

## Abilities and Powers

### Physical Abilities

**Enhanced Strength**: Revenant is strong enough to rip open human flesh with his bare hands very easily. His claws are also strong enough to slice through wood and glass.

**Enhanced Speed and Reflexes**: WIP

### Supernatural Abilities

**Regeneration**: Being a Spectre, Revenant possesses regenerative abilities. He is able to almost instantly regrow any of his limbs if they get destroyed. In one occasion, his body was extremely disfigured and seemed to be melting, but he still regenerated without any issues.

**Shapeshifting**: Revenant can change the shape of certain parts of his body. He can make herself have four-finger hands for when he isn't in battle. In battle, he uses long and extremely sharp claws for one hand and a buzz saw for his other hand.

**Insane Mode**: Revenant's special ability. He assumes his Insane Mode when against a very powerful opponent. In this form, his speed increases and he ignores every and any type of pain. He becomes very sadistic and aims to kill his enemies as brutally as possible. His teeth also become very disfigured and his claws become sharper than before.
Attiyat.. But !!

Under construction article!

**This article is under construction!**
**While it's being worked, we hope to have it completed as soon as possible!**

## Attiyat.. But !!عطيات.. ولكن !!

**Attiyat.. But !! (عطيات.. ولكن !!)** is the 10th episode of season 1 of Block 13.

## Characters

* Miss Attiyat
* Laily
* Tareq Al-Sakhawi (debut)
* Mr. Saleh
* Abboud
* Hammoud
* Azzouz
* Saloom
* Tawfik
* Waheed
* Tawfik's Father (flashback)
* Tawfik's Mother (flashback)
* Miss Attiyat's Mother (flashback)
Snake Ops

The **Snake Ops** is a team of skilled mercenaries whose goal is to eliminate the Spectres for the cash prize. The team is currently being led by Anaconda. They were the first enemy the Spectres faced on Earth.

## Known Members

* Anaconda
* Cobra
* Python
* Krait
* Viper

## Trivia

* In the meeting room of the Snake Ops' HQ, there is a board listing all members of the Snake Ops that reveals that there are more members of the team, but it is unknown whether they are still active. Their appearances have also not been revealed.
The Magician

**The Magician** is an assassin working for the Assassin Organization. He is assassin rank 13.

## Appearance

The Magician wears a wears an over sized black overcoat which has yellow buttons, black pants and boots, and a black top hat with a purple band. His face is covered with a balaclava and a white mask with two eye holes. He is also always seen holding his magic wand.

## Personality

The Magician likes to show off all of his magic tricks to both his allies and enemies and can sometimes brag about how he is the best magician in the whole world. He is also quite smart and likes to shame his allies if he sees them do bad.

## History

The Magician used to attend lots of magic shows when he was a kid and developed an interest in magic. He wanted to try becoming a magician himself and become the best. Eventually, he discovered that all of the magic shows he saw were all fake. Nevertheless, he still pursued his dream of becoming a famous magician. Many years later, he achieved magic skills and realized he could use it to fight and protect the ones he loves. He eventually joined the Assassin Organization.

## Abilities and Powers

### Equipment

**Magic Wand**: His main weapon is his magic wand. He is shown to be very skilled and experienced with it.

> **Ice Magic**: He can use his magic wand to shoot ice at his enemies which can instantly freeze them.
>
>

> **Fire Magic**: His magic wand can blast fire at his enemies.
>
>

> **Electricity Magic**: His magic wand can also shoot beams of electricity at his enemies which shocks them and paralyzes them.
>
>

> **Invisibility**: He can use his wand to make himself go completely invisible for a short amount of time.
>
>

## Trivia

* He is the newest member of the Assassin Organization.
* His actual name is still unknown.
Flower Mutant

**Flower Mutant** is an assassin working for the Assassin Organization. He is assassin rank 9.

## Appearance

Flower Mutant is, as his name suggests, a giant mutated flower. He has large white eyes and a giant smile with razor sharp teeth. He also has multiple thick vines which he normally keeps hidden underground.

## Personality

Flower Mutant is a rather sadistic individual who wants to see his enemies suffer and scream in pain. He is also shown to be very greedy and wants the cash prize to himself only. He also loves drinking water.

## History

At some point in the past, Flower Mutant was just an ordinary flower until he mysteriously mutated and somehow joined the Assassin Organization.

## Plot

### Assassin Organization Arc

Flower Mutant first appeared in a team meeting held by Sirus regarding the Spectres.

## Abilities and Powers

### Physical Abilities

**Enhanced Strength**: Flower Mutant's body and vines are very strong, and cutting them can be a challenge. However, he was still no match for Wraith and his immense strength.

### Supernatural Abilities

**Vines**: Flower Mutant possesses a great number of thick vines which he can use to entangle his enemies or slice them apart. Each one of his numerous vines have multiple spikes on it.

## Trivia

* He likes to sit in the forest and listen to the birds singing on his spare time.
The Swarm

**The Swarm** is an assassin working for the Assassin Organization. He is assassin rank 5.

## Appearance

The Swarm's entire body appears to be on fire and fully covered in black. However, his body is actually composed of many deadly and carnivorous insects. He wears round glasses and a cross necklace, suggesting he was once some kind of priest.

## Personality

The Swarm appears to be a very silent and mysterious person, who only speaks when he is spoken to. However, there are instances when he will speak out on his own. He is very loyal to Sirus and the leader of the organization, and is also respectful towards the other assassins. He is willing to carry out any task given to him by the leader, no matter how difficult it may be. In battle, he is shown to be very reckless and merciless towards his opponents. He is also very intimidating.

He gets along well with his fellow assassins. He carries out any and all of Sirus' orders, such as when he was given the task to find Bubbles and escort him back to HQ since he was deemed a traitor. When the Swarm found him, he approached him in a calm and friendly way, even though Bubbles was considered a traitor to the organization.

## History

Many years ago, the Swarm was once human. However, one day, he underwent a serious mutation which made his entire body transform into a swarm of deadly insects. After this mutation happened, he eventually joined the Assassin Organization.

## Abilities and Powers

### Physical Abilities

**Enhanced Strength:** WIP

**Enhanced Speed:** WIP

### Supernatural Abilities

**Insects:** When the Swarm became a mutant, he gained the ability to control the carnivorous insects which made up his body and use them to both defend and attack his opponents. He can shoot a small swarm of insects at his opponent, the insects will then devour their flesh in mere seconds, killing them. The Swarm can also teleport, when all of the insects scatter and fly to a different location, then reassembling to reform his body.

## Trivia

* He is one of Ghost's favorite characters in the series.
Shadow Knight

**Shadow Knight** is a member of the Monster Organization. He is also a member of the upper echelon.

## Appearance

Shadow Knight's entire body is black. He has a singular red eye and a mask which covers his mouth. He wears knight-like armor which covers the rest of his body save his arms. He also wears a long purple scarf and has two large metal blades in his arms. He also has a dark purple aura surrounding his body.

## Personality

Shadow Knight tends to be quiet, unless he is in battle. He seems to want to make Nocturnus proud of him. He is shown to be a very calculating fighter and could read his enemies' movements before they make it.

## History

Almost nothing is known about Shadow Knight's past. However, he joined the Monster Organization after Nocturnus offered him an invitation to join, promising him the future of taking over the world.

## Abilities and Powers

### Physical Abilities

**Enhanced Strength**: WIP

**Enhanced Speed and Reflexes**: WIP

### Supernatural Abilities

**Shadows**: Shadow Knight has the ability to control shadows. He could manipulate his enemy's shadow to turn against them and could make shadow clones of himself, which fight for him as well. These shadow clones can also create clones of themselves, capable of making an entire army if he wanted to. He can also teleport using shadow portals.

### Weaponry

**Arm Blades**: Shadow Knight uses two long metal blades in battle. He is shown to be extremely proficient with them and has lots of combat experience using them.

## Trivia

* He was originally designed to have two heads, but the idea was scrapped.
* He shares many similarities with Dreadnaught, a character from a different comic series by the same creator. Both have abilities based around shadows, have a singular red eye, wear long scarves, have two arm blades and have a dark purple aura surrounding them.
Arcane

**Arcane** is the co-leader of the Monster Organization.

## Appearance

Arcane wears a dark blue-ish cloak which hides his body. He wears a long, dark purple scarf. He has bright blue eyes and has a cyan colored aura surrounding his body. He appears to lack arms.

## Personality

Arcane takes his job very seriously and does not accept failure, and will give monsters who fail their missions the death penalty. He is very loyal and formal to Nocturnus and worships him as though he were a god. He has command over all members of the Monster Organization, including the upper echelon. He is shown to be very serious and cautious in battle and doesn't underestimate his opponents, and keeps his distance. He will do what it takes to complete his missions and help lead the Monster Organization to reach their goal of destroying their enemies and taking over the planet.

## History

Nothing about Arcane's past is known, except that he possibly has a connection with Magic Knight.

## Abilities and Powers

### Supernatural Abilities

**Psychokinesis**: WIP

> **Psychic Barriers**: WIP
>
>

**Energy Projection**: WIP

**Teleportation**: WIP

## Trivia

* He is one of Ghost's favorite characters in the series.
Leonard

**Leonard** is an assassin working for the Assassin Organization. He is assassin rank 8.

## Appearance

Leonard is a man with short black hair and blue eyes. He wears a red beret, a black long sleeved shirt with yellow buttons and black pants. He also wears a red scarf. He is always seen holding his magic paintbrush.

## Personality

Leonard is the self proclaimed "greatest artist in the world". He likes to show off his artistic skills to everyone, including his own enemies. He is very proud of himself for being a good and creative artist but wants to become even better. He is shown to be a big coward, due to the fact that he doesn't have any combat skills or weapons other than his paintbrush. He also likes to make jokes and is rather dumb.

## History

When he was a child, one of Leonard's favorite hobbies included drawing and creating comics. He always wanted to become big in the art industry, publish his comics and hopes to someday have an art museum dedicated to him. When he grew older, he became a very good artist and published a few comics. One day, he decided to buy a new paint set and he discovered that the paintbrush included had the power to bring it's holder's paintings to life. He eventually joined the Assassin Organization and made it his side job.

## Plot

### Assassin Organization Arc

Leonard first appeared in a team meeting held by Sirus regarding the Spectres.

## Abilities and Powers

### Equipment

**Paintbrush**: Leonard wields a magic paintbrush that, whatever he draws with it, will become real. He can draw any weapon he wants and he will be able to use it in battle. He can draw very quickly and has fantastic art skills, so this is no problem for him. He was shown drawing multiple weapons including throwing knives, handguns, an RPG, bombs and even his own monsters that fight for him. However, he has a limited amount of ink and can run out during battle, otherwise he'll have to retreat and get more ink.

## Trivia

* He is the only human member in the Assassin Organization who does not have any special abilities or powers such as cybernetic modifications or supernatural powers.
Nocturnus

**Nocturnus** is the leader of the Monster Organization, as well as the main antagonist of the Monster Organization arc.

## Appearance

Nocturnus is a large demon whose entire body is black. His eyes and mouth are glowing purple, and he has two horns protruding from the sides of his head. He wears shoulder armor and a long cape that is ripped at the end. He also has a purple aura surrounding his whole body.

## Personality

Nocturnus is a powerful demonic being of pure evil who wants to take over the world. He is extremely intimidating to everyone, including the members of the Monster Organization, which he created. He is shown to always be calm and is extremely serious about destroying the human race and anyone else who isn't part of his army.

## Abilities and Powers

### Physical Abilities

**Immense Strength**: WIP

**Immense Speed & Reflexes**: WIP

### Supernatural Abilities

**Energy Projection**: WIP

**Levitation**: WIP

**Teleportation**: WIP

### Weaponry

**Demon Sword**: Nocturnus has a powerful sword that only he can wield. It is capable of causing great destruction. It can easily cut through flesh, stone and metal and could create large shockwaves that can shatter buildings. The sword can also fire beams of energy.
Sleaze

**Sleaze** is an assassin working for the Assassin Organization. He is assassin rank 7.

## Appearance

Sleaze has grey skin and appears to have no eyes. There is blood dripping from his eye sockets and his mouth is always open. He has black bandages over his head. He wears a black suit that is held together by black restraints. Four spider-like limbs protrude from his back which he uses in combat and sometimes to get around.

## Personality

Sleaze is a silent but deadly assassin who likes to keep to himself. He rarely speaks words to anyone unless he is asked a question, similar to the Swarm. He seems to be extremely dedicated to completing missions and killing his enemies as quick and brutal as possible. He is feared by civilians due to his appearance, and most people tend to stay away from him because they may think he is a villain.

## History

Sleaze is possibly the most mysterious member of the Assassin Organization. Almost nothing of his past is known, except that he was once a test subject. His reasons and motives for joining the organization are still unknown.

## Plot

### Assassin Organization Arc

Sleaze  first appeared in a team meeting held by Sirus regarding the Spectres.

## Abilities and Powers

### Physical Abilities

**Enhanced Strength**: WIP

**Enhanced Speed**: WIP

**Spider Limbs**: WIP

## Trivia

* He is commonly mistaken for a villain due to his appearance.
* Out of all of the assassins of the Assassin Organization, Sleaze appeared the least.
Neil

**Neil** is the leader of the second most dangerous gang in New York City.

## Appearance

Neil has dirty blonde hair and blue eyes. He wears an unzipped brown hoodie and a black shirt underneath. He wears dark blue jeans and black sneakers. He also wears a necklace with a piece of gold on it.

## Personality

Being the leader of one of the most violent and dangerous gangs in New York City, Neil believes that everyone, including those who are members of his gang, fear him and are afraid to upset him and get on his bad side. He speaks in a rather formal manner but can get aggressive if things don't go his way.

## Abilities and Powers

Being just an ordinary human, Neil does not have any actual powers, but carries weapons.

### Weaponry

**Knife:** Neil carries a knife which he uses in gang fights. He is shown to be quite skilled with it.

**Pistol:** He is armed with a pistol which he also uses in gang fights and during robberies.

## Trivia

* Sometimes he is shown with bags under his eyes. This can be either due to lack of sleep or he is under the influence of drugs or alcohol.