Fengtian Government

The Fengtian Government is the "successor" of the failed Republic of China by Sun Yat-sen which was destroyed by Yuan Shikai who created a new Chinese Empire. Japan had conquered Northeast China and annexed it as a Puppet State ruled by Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang Army. It is southwest of the Maharajahnate of Manchukuo, South of the Maharajahnate of Mengjiang, North of the Japanese Colony of South China, East of the People's Republic of China and west of it's master state the Empire of Japan.

## History

### Origin

In 1912, after over two thousand years of imperial rule, a republic was established to replace the monarchy. The Qing dynasty that preceded the republic had experienced instability throughout the 19th century and suffered from both internal rebellion and foreign imperialism. A program of institutional reform proved too little and too late. Only the lack of an alternative regime prolonged the monarchy's existence until 1912.

The Chinese Republic grew out of the Wuchang Uprising against the Qing government, on 10 October 1911, which is now celebrated annually as the ROC's national day, also known as "Double Ten Day". Sun Yat-sen had been actively promoting revolution from his bases in exile. He now returned and on 29 December 1911, Sun Yat-sen was elected president by the Nanjing assembly, which consisted of representatives from seventeen provinces. On 1 January 1912, he was officially inaugurated and pledged "to overthrow the despotic government led by the Manchu, consolidate the Republic of China and plan for the welfare of the people". Sun's new government lacked military strength. As a compromise, he negotiated with Yuan Shikai the commander of the Beiyang Army, promising Yuan the presidency of the republic if he were to remove the Qing emperor by force. Yuan agreed to the deal, and the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi, was forced to abdicate in 1912. Song Jiaoren led the Kuomintang Party to electoral victories by fashioning his party's program to appeal to the gentry, landowners, and merchants. Song was assassinated on March 20, 1913 at the behest of Yuan Shikai.

Yuan was elected president of the ROC in 1913. He ruled by military power and ignored the republican institutions established by his predecessor, threatening to execute Senate members who disagreed with his decisions. He soon dissolved the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) party, banned "secret organizations" (which implicitly included the KMT), and ignored the provisional constitution. An attempt at a democratic election in 1912 ended with the assassination of the elected candidate by a man recruited by Yuan. Ultimately, Yuan declared himself Emperor of China in 1915. The new ruler of China tried to increase centralization by abolishing the provincial system; however, this move angered the gentry along with the provincial governors, who were usually military men. Many provinces declared independence and became warlord states. Increasingly unpopular and deserted by his supporters, Yuan abdicated in 1916 and died of natural causes shortly thereafter. China then declined into a period of warlordism.

### Conquest by Japan

Japan then conquered China with the help of the Qing Dynasty who rules Manchuria as a Puppet State of Japan and the restored Kingdom of Korea (which was restored to make Koreans loose hope and no longer cause rebellions.) Japan placed Zhang Zuolin as Caudillo. This was not met well by angry Chinese citizens who called him a Japanese puppet and joined up with his rivals the Warlord of the Nationalists Chiang Kai-shek whom Zuolin calls the "false heir of Sun Yat-Sen" and the Warlord of the Communists Mao Zedong who Zuolin calls a Soviet Puppet.

## Government

The Fengtian Government is structurally almost identical to the former "Beiyang" Government, from which it inherits most of its symbolism and claims to legitimacy. While making democratic pretenses in the form of a legislative assembly, power in the Government is primarily brokered by Communications Clique oligarchs, former warlord generals, and of course the Caudillo himself.

## Military

By the mid-1920s, Zhang's Fengtian Army boasted one of the best equipped and organized forces in China, fielding an impressive panoply of Weltkrieg era surplus, weapons from its own Mukden Arsenal, various forms of Japanese material aid. Unlike many armies which foraged for or confiscated food from civilians, the Fengtian Army boasted a robust logistical system, complete with its own canning factory. Points of particular pride were two entire divisions of FT-1 tanks, rare among the warlords, and China's only organized air-force including both fighters and bombers.

### Army

The Fengtian Army, officially the Army of the Republic, is an impressive sight by most Chinese standards, though it pales in comparison to modern Western armies, or those of Japan. The majority of its weapons and vehicles are outdated, and organisation below the divisional level is a patchy affair due to limited communications equipment. The Fengtian Army is the biggest faction of the Military of Fengtiang and mainly used to suppress rebellions and defend the land from the Communists led by Mao Zedong. Most doctrinal advances made since Japanese takeover, especially those incorporating tanks and airplanes, have yet to be fully absorbed by the army leadership, though the majority have seen extensive combat in last decade's wars. Shenyang boasts its own officer's school, the Academy of the Three Northeastern Provinces, and many of its more promising students go on to attend Japan's prestigious Rikugun Shikan Gakkō.

Like most Chinese armies, the Fengtian Army is marked by strong ties of personal loyalty between soldiers and their superiors, and factions divisions of varying cohesion exist within the officer corps. Some officers do not swear loyalty to Chiang Kai Shek due to the fact that they see him as a Military dictator who is loyal to Japan.

### Navy

The Fengtian Navy, officially The Navy of the Republic, consists of an ageing collection of cruisers and destroyers accompanied by four submarines and several smaller riverine craft. No serious effort has gone into updating or even sufficiently organizing the navy, which exists mostly as a coastal and river patrol force, due to the size of Fengtian in Northern China.

### Air Force

The Fengtian Flying Corps, officially The China Flying Corps, was once the pride and joy of the first Grand Marshal's son, Zhang Xueliang, who used his passion for aviation to train its first pilots. The Air Force is large and has 100 Warplanes imported from Japan.

## Foreign Relations

* Colonial Relations with the Empire of Japan.
* Great Relations with the Kingdom of Korea and the Maharajahnate of Mengjiang.
* Bad Relations with the Maharajahnate of Manchukuo and the People's Republic of China.