Universes by Nature

This classification attempts to define universes based on how they work. What sets of laws govern over them. Despite this page being ultimately about universes or universe level structures, it could potentially be applied to any verse of any level, to any cosmological structure.

Almost always, having different laws of physics also changes the laws of chemistry and biology which are ultimately derived from those. Some times small changes in the first will cause drastic changes in the others and other times much larger changes will seem to leave the others apparently identical. Because they both can be seen as consequences of the laws of physics this page does not define any sections specifically dedicated to them but in all sections there could be some variety in relation to chemistry and biology.

## Normal laws of physics

These universes have the same laws of physics as our own.

Examples:

* Our own universe is the defined baseline for this classification and for what "normal" laws of physics means.
* Most other universes that have been imagined also probably fall into this category or one of the next two for they usually tend to work in very similar ways to our own.

## Different fundamental constants

Although these universes fall the same laws of physics as our own, they have different fundamental constants which can result in extreme differences, in many cases with life or even organized matter becoming impossible. They can differ in a single constant or in all of them and they can have a minimum difference or one as large as needed. They can be derived from string theory, coming to exist from a space with where the vibrating strings cause all possible sets of the fundamental constants to exist as different universes. They can also have different formulas for some or all of the physical quantities or even just different values.

Examples:

* A universe with a much higher amount of dark matter or only with dark matter and no normal matter could easily be the result of some different value in one of the fundamental constants. Those where only dark matter exist have been named Darkverses.
* A universe where the fundamental forces have not achieved separation from each other is also a possible result of some different values. These have been named Grand Unified Universes.
* A universe made of anti-matter in the same way ours is made of matter or with any other existing proportion of matter to anti-matter.

## Small variations to the laws of physics

The laws of physics are slightly different in some ways but are still recognizable as similar to our own. It is probably possible and not that hard to generalize both sets of laws into some more abstract theory of physics.

Examples:

* Universes that work exactly as predicted by newtonian mechanics, without taking into account any of the theories of relativity.
* Universes that work exactly as predicted by the theories of relativity, without taking into account quantum mechanics.
* In our universe matter can be seen as just a form of condensed energy. In these universes matter does not exist at all for energy never becomes dense enough to form it in the first place. This is likely not because the fundamental particles that form matter do not or cannot exist here but because something stops them from forming in large enough quantities. These universes can have progressively smaller and smaller amounts of matter up to no matter at all.

* A universe where normal audible sound propagates in space in a normal way, as if under some atmosphere where in our universe sound only propagates through space in the form of electromagnetic vibrations. Maybe it propagates through vibrations in the actual space-time fabric, maybe through vibrations of virtual particles, maybe there are enough matter particles in space to cause it to propagate but not enough to form an atmosphere or maybe the empty void or the nothingness of space can also vibrate or sound itself can propagate without anything needing to vibrate for it to do so. The more stranger of these hypothesis would probably fall better on the next category.

## Different laws of physics

Completely different laws of physics govern these universes but they still can be recognized as being laws of physics. It is probably possible to abstract both sets through mathematics.

Examples:

* Universes with different numbers and/or types of fundamental particles, up to different types of infinite numbers of different fundamental particles. Some of these have been named, like the Classverse which contains Ω different fundamental particles or the Conglomerateverse which contains Ω+ different fundamental particles.
* Universes where the fundamental particles have different properties like additional colors (nuclear strong force) or spins (electromagnetic force) or maybe having the ability to stabilize as different colors instead of just white. Maybe all matter is composed of quarks groupings under a different color like red for example or maybe different colors are stable giving different types of matter that can exist together. The different types can either interact with each other or be completely or weakly interactive, maybe through specific forces only.
* Universes with different numbers and/or types of fundamental forces, possibly also up to infinite numbers of them.
* Universes where the fundamental forces cannot be expressed as vectors. Maybe they have a different number of dimensions and need to be expressed as points or 2d shapes or 3d solids or something even higher dimensional, maybe even infinite dimensions. Maybe they are curved lines instead of straight vectors, entirely non-Cartesian or they require entire different geometries to be expressed or maybe they can't be expressed geometrically at all.
* Universes where the laws of physics are not constant but change in some predictable way, following some higher law that governs such change. This could work like a regular temporal cycle with one set of laws giving place to another, probably with a slow and subtle change but also possibly with a more drastic and obvious one. They could exist at a state of uncertainty with a given probability of being in any of the possible states, the fundamental constants could vary slightly with time like fluctuations of the vacuum, etc. They could also change over space instead of time, with different sets of laws existing on different places, possibly on different clusters or even galaxies and with their borders being strange places where the laws would slowly merge into each other or where more drastic borders would form if the laws would clash with each other. Another possibility is for the laws to suffer a similar effect to that of red-shift. In that case, the laws of far away places moving away from the observer would be more and more different than the local laws, becoming even more stranger as distance increases. But if the observer is able to reach such far away place the laws would stabilize and take a more familiar form. The great philosophical question here is if the laws are really different in far away places or if it is only distance that makes them appear to be different but they are actually the same overall.
* A similar result as that of universes containing little or no matter at all is one that contains a different type of matter called light matter. These universes have been called Lightverses.
* Any universe that contains some type of matter different than those types that can be found on our universe like ordinary matter and dark matter. Some different types of matter have been speculated on this wiki like Matterium, Light matter and others described on the Materials Category page.
* A universe where matter and anti-matter do not immediately annihilate each other resulting in 100% conversion rate to energy but instead they interact in some other way.
* A universe where energy and anti-energy that interact with each other result in the creation of a burst of matter with an 100% conversion rate. This has been sometimes used for the creation of weapons that fire energy bullets capable of going through normal matter until both energy and anti-energy components come together and some predefined distance to create a physical projectile of some type. It can also be used for the instantaneous construction of structures and similar effects if one can precisely shape and define the properties of the resulting burst of matter by carefully control the energy particles used and how they are put into contact with their counter-parts.
* Universes where entropy does not necessarily always increase. Such universes can exist in a steady state with entropy neither increasing nor decreasing or they can have some type of decrease in entropy for some reason. It is also possible that the way systems progress in relation to their entropy varies from place to place inside the universe or varies with the type of system or with some other conditions or variables. One such universe have been named Klknverse, defining a universe where its overall temperature increases by 1/10 of a Kelvin every second. This classification only applies if such reduction in entropy are the result of the actual laws ruling over the universe. If it is the case of some event external to the universe itself but that affects it in such a way, it would not belong to this category but would instead be the result of the way the universe relates to other things in the same environment it is in.

## Different laws of mathematics

Not just different physics, these universes actually have different laws of mathematics. They either don't have laws of physics or those are completely different, being derived from their own different types of mathematics in the same way that our laws of physics are derived or use our mathematics. It is probably possible to generalize both sets of different mathematics into some type of laws of logic. We have developed multiple different systems of mathematics and it is possible that there exist universes out there working under such systems or even others. There is also the possibility that laws of physics similar to our own could be derived from their different mathematics.

Examples:

* Universes where all quantities are measured as any type of number other than real numbers. Some of these have been named, like the Complexverse where all quantities exist as complex numbers or Quaterniverse where all quantities exist as quaternion numbers. Seeing as real numbers have a single component, complex numbers have 2 components and quaternion numbers have 4, we could imagine that a universe using a type of number of with any number of components could be possible, including numbers with a non-integer, negative or even infinite type of components or even a number where each of its components also has components and so on. This can also include universes with non-real numbers of types of fundamental particles or forces.
* Universes where physical quantities can have an actual negative value. Where having a negative number of apples can make sense in reality.
* Universe which has no discrete quantities. It does not work with integer numbers at all, only with rational or even real numbers, even for physical quantities.
* Universes where only a certain type of shapes and derivations of said shapes can exist. It is possible to have shapes made by summing, subtracting, multiplying or dividing the existing shapes by themselves in any way or by putting them side by side or through other similar operations but no other non-derived shapes can exist inside such universes. An example would be a universe where only x sided shapes can exist, for any value of x.
* An entirely probabilistic universe would still be working under what are the laws of probability. Even for different laws of probability.
* Any universe with space that works under a different geometric system. A Taxicabverse is one type of such universes which follow the taxicab geometry. The reason for this isn't always clear but it might be that there exist no "diagonals" inside such universe or that, if they exist, movement through the diagonals is not possible at all for some reason, possibly due to some fundamental property of the space-time fabric itself or maybe just because the mathematical system does not allow it therefore it is not possible in reality, with no other reason. Another possible explanation is if it is only possible to move through a single dimension at a time, or even through other maximum number of dimensions that is smaller than the total number of dimensions. This could apply to all dimensions or just to space dimensions. If it applies to all dimensions and if, for example, it is possible to move through only 3 dimensions at a time (including the time dimension), in order to move through all the 3 space dimensions one would need to pause time, otherwise, within the normal passage of time, one would be limited to moving through a maximum of 2 space dimensions at the same time. In order to move through another dimension one needs to first stop and turn around to the new direction. Usually this turn is of 90º but the actual angle would be that which formed by the different dimensions. This angle could also affect the above calculations for how to measure the shortest distance between two points on such a universe.
* Universes that truly exist as random fluctuations on a fully entropic system, where their big bang was one of such fluctuations. Everything inside them are just random fluctuations and anything can appear and disappear in a moment including life and sentience and even sapience existing effectively as Boltzmann Brains. These universes are ruled by randomness alone without any rhyme or reason. Any other laws that appear are also the result of such fluctuations and can disappear just as easily and as quickly. The thing with these universes is that there is no reason to assume that all fluctuations are equally likely and, if that is the case, those fluctuations that produce stable laws and recognizable organization can be more likely than others that just produce complex structures directly without them being the result of the organization of smaller structures and so on down to some fundamental level. In these cases, such universes can even become indistinguishable from normal ones.
* Universes without the mathematical concept of limits and Zeno's Paradox becomes real - no action can occur because it requires an infinite number of steps.
* A universe with n- dimensionality. Usually a universe with n dimensions has anything inside it being an n dimensional object. A n- dimensional universe contains objects with exactly n dimensions as well as objects with any number of dimensions smaller than n. As an example of a 3D universe similar to our own, a sheet of paper could actually be a truly 2 dimensional object without any thickness at all and a string could really be 1 dimensional with just length and nothing else. Fundamental particles could be real mathematical points with 0 dimensional and occupying absolutely no size at all.
* A universe with n+ dimensionality. Usually a universe with n dimensions has anything inside it being an n dimensional object. A n+ dimensional universe can contain objects which have more dimensions than n. How many dimensions they can have can be limited or unlimited. This does not mean that the universe itself has that number of extra dimensions in an invisible and inaccessible form. It really just has n dimensions which the higher dimensional objects inside warp around them in order to be fully present in the smaller amount of dimensions. This warping effect is such that the spacial dimensions around such objects allow them to be fully present inside them and fully reachable, analyzable and possible to interact with in their full extent. Sometimes these universes are also n- dimensional and, in that case, they can be noted as being n+/- dimensional.

## Different laws of logic

More than different mathematics, these universes actually have different types of logic ruling over them. Their mathematics, if they have any, are derived from those different logic laws and cannot be generalized with our mathematics. Maybe it is possible to generalize their laws of logic with our own into a more abstract set of rules, maybe it is not. We are aware and have created and even used different systems of logic. Any universe that worked according to one of those systems would fall in this category, as would any that worked by any other system we have not yet thought of. There is always the possibility that laws of physics or mathematics similar to our own could be derived from their different logic systems.

Examples:

* Universe where everything, including the laws of physics and mathematics, are defined by the rules of some cellular automata like the game of life. The easier case to imagine is that both space and time are quantized, space into well defined cells that can take any state of a given number of possible states and time into regular steps with each step causing the states of all cells to be recalculated based on the previous states of themselves and all the states of some number of usually, but not necessarily, neighboring cells. The rules can have any desired number of states and not just integer numbers and the cells on which the new state for a given cell is based can also vary immensely and can even vary with each step based on some other variable. In short every variable in the rules can be defined based on other variables on the rules. One example of this type if the one that has been named Lifeverse.
* Universes where the logic system they fall under is not static and, instead, evolves over time in some way. This evolution can eventually lead to a paradoxical state with its own logic contradicting itself. If that happens such a universe could easily go into total reality collapse and be destroyed that way. Such logic systems can be perceived as being non-static or they can evolve so slowly that for anyone inside those universes they would appear to be static as normal. For those that are understood as evolving systems, any civilization aware of the possibility of the total reality collapse, a new problem of system analysis opens itself up. Is it possible to predict how a logic system will evolve from its current, and possibly past, state? The study of such evolution and what rules it follows becomes a new even more meta discipline. The problem of determining if such a universe will ever reach a state that would necessarily cause a total reality collapse is probably undetermined, probably an equivalent problem to the halting problem in computer science. The only way to know for sure is to wait and see. There is also the case of an evolution leading to a total reality collapse but only after a longer period of time than the universe has left, with it probably dying before such point is reached. On those situations it wouldn't be a problem anyway.
* A Trivial universe is a universe where Trivialism is real. Any and all statement or question that can be made inside it is true, even contradictory statements are both true at the same time and even self-contradictory statements are true. There are also opposite universes where all statements are false no matter what.

## Something entirely different than even logic

These universes cannot be described as following any type of logic at all. But they still aren't fully arbitrary though as they look to have some type of inner order of some kind. That different order could even result in something similar to our own reality through different means.

Examples:

* A universe that is ruled by self-contradicting system of logic could be said to have no laws of logic but, instead, be even more abstract in nature. For most universes, if they still are based in some sense of logic will have the escape clause of falling into total reality collapse and ceasing to exist because of it. This could happen as soon as they are created with such contradictory logic or as soon as their logic system changes to become so for any reason. But some universes, despite being self-contradicting, to extremely high levels sometimes, continue to exist for some reason. These universes can be said to be ruled by something other than logic, an higher set of laws of an unknown type.
* A universe on which Murphy's law is a natural law.
* A universe which responds accordingly when someone challenges it by saying things like "what could possible go wrong?" or "what is the worse that could happen?". This universe might not have a personality, might not even be sentient but it responds to challenges anywhere and everywhere.
* A universe where coincidences are the rule of law.

## Arbitrary laws

These universes follow some set of completely arbitrary laws that might or might not be self-consistent but which have no overarching defining type. It can be a set of different types of laws apparently picked and chosen seemly at random or they can be something else. The arbitrary set of laws could result in a reality much like our own by different means.

Examples:

* These universes can easily have self-contradicting laws, filled with loopholes and special cases. It is very possible that many such universes end up succumbing into Total Reality Collapse sooner or later, unless that is made impossible by arbitrary decree, the same way as all its other laws are defined.
* An universe that exists as a giant game of Nomic being played by god like entities. The laws of such universe are constantly being changed in the most crazy ways by the play of the game until it reaches a self-contradictory state where nothing can happen anymore and the universe falls into a total reality collapse, ending the game and declaring a winner of the game as the entity that drove it to such state.
* Any universe created by fiat, either by an omnipotent creature of some kind or by the power of imagination or even defined by programming code used to create a virtual reality will probably have a set of more or less arbitrary laws. The more focused the mind creating it the easier it will be for it to create a universe with a proper set of laws that are self-consistent and sufficient for it to run smoothly. Examples of these cases are the Pataverse and any Imaginata.

## No recognizable laws at all

This can mean that the governing laws of such a place are unimaginable, unrecognizable, undefinable or even beyond such concepts. For us at least.

Examples:

* A universe where anything that is real cannot be proved to be so. Science as we know it would be impossible in there. Anything that is real cannot be tested and anything that can be tested must therefore be false. Another possibility is for proving things to be possible but whenever something is proven to be true its contrary can also be proven to be true or it can also be proven to be false as well. Even this assertion can probably not be tested to be true. People inside it must resource to intuition to gain knowledge about their universe or maybe they where able to devise other means of doing so. Maybe this could be defined as a type of disturbed logic but it's hard to say, so it was put on this category instead.

## No laws whatsoever

as A place without any laws governing its behavior at all, of any kind. It doesn't even have unimaginable laws or beyond unimaginable laws at all.

Examples:

* Something like the Imaginarium as a whole, not in part, or the Deep Imaginarium specifically, instead of the Shallow one.
* The Box, when taken globally would also be an example of this.