Bliyj

the **Bliyj** language is a hard language to learn. Here are the phonotactics:

Word initial consonants: b cʲ d f g h j k m p q r s t v z çʲ ɟ ʃ

Mid-word consonants: b bb bd bj bm bn bs bv bz bʃ cʲ d df dg dj dl dm dn dr dv dʃ f fd fg fh fj fn fr ft g gg gh gj gk gl gn gr gs gx gz gʃ h hd hj hm hv j jb jd jg jk jm jn jr jz jʃ k kb kf kl km kr ks kz l lb lf lh lm lp lt lv lz lɟ lʃ m mf ml mn mp ms mv mʃ n nb nj nk nm nn np nr nv nx nɟ nʃ p pf pk pm pn pv pz pʃ q qd qt r rb rd rg rk rn rv rx s sb sf sh sj sk sl ss t td tg tl tm tn tp tr tt tv tx tz tʃ v vb vd vg vj x xd xf xg xl xn xr xt xv z zb zd zh zj zk zp zr zz zɟ çʲ ɟ ɟb ɟm ɟn ɟr ʃ ʃb ʃh ʃl ʃr ʃt ʃv

Word final consonants: b bz cʲ d dz g gʃ jf jj jt k kʃ l ld lk lp lx lʃ m mb mf n nd nf ng nt nv p pʃ q r rf rm rn rp rs rt rx rʃ s t ts tʃ v x z çʲ ɟ ʃ

**Vowel inventory**: a e i o ö u
**Spelling rules**:

 x
 ɟ
 ʃ

## Nouns

Nouns have seven cases:

* **Nominative** is the doer of a verb: **dog** bites man.
* **Accusative** is the done-to of a verb: man bites **dog**.
* **Genitive** is the possessor of something: **dog’s** tail hits man.
* **Dative** is the recipient of something: man gives ball **to dog**.
* **Locative** is the location of something: man goes **to town**.
* **Ablative** is movement away from something: man walks **from town**.
* **Instrumental** is the use of something: man writes **with (using) pen**.

## Articles

the
 **Plural** | bilp /bilp/
the
some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

* Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.
* Used with place names: ‘The London’

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

* Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific means ‘Would you like some (any) tea?’ whereas specific means ‘Some tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck’

## Possessive determiners

 **2nd singular** | tutsh /tutʃ/
 **3rd singular masc** | cus /cʲus/
 **3rd singular fem** | ge /ge/
 **3rd singular neut** | dibz /dibz/
 **1st plural** | öq /öq/
 **2nd plural** | a /a/
 **3rd plural masc** | za /za/
 **3rd plural fem** | cec /cʲecʲ/
 **3rd plural neut** | ke /ke/
their (neut)

## Verbs

qakh /qax/
 **Past** | If ends with vowel: Suffix -jt
Else: Suffix -ajt
qakhayt /ˈqaxajt/
learned

uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

shöyy qakh /ʃöjj qax/
will learn

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.

Bogyuldian uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

qakhe /qaˈxe/
have learned

## Numbers

Bogyuldian has a base-20 number system:

1 - ro

2 - za

3 - osh

4 - fabz

5 - ye

6 - te

7 - gi

8 - öt

9 - bong

10 - supfa

11 - qokhab

12 - shödgid

13 - döpvu

14 - buc

15 - arm

16 - bagsh

17 - kumb

18 - gilpe

19 - hes

20 - judgen

21 - judgenro “twenty-one”

400 - ro tabzu “one fourhundred”

401 - ro tabzu ro “one fourhundred one”

800 - za tabzu “two fourhundred”

8000 - ro au “one eightthousand”

### Derivational morphology

**Adjective → adverb** = If ends with vowel: Suffix -z

Else: Suffix -iz

**Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj])** = Suffix -ö

**Adjective → verb (to make something [adj])** = If ends with vowel: Suffix -b

Else: Suffix -eb

**Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun])** = Suffix -i

**Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic)** = Suffix -ö

**Noun to verb** = Suffix -ed

**Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb])** = Suffix -a

**Tending to** = Suffix -arm

**Verb → noun (the act of [verb])** = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ng

Else: Suffix -ang

**Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge)** = Suffix -öcʲ

**One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter)** = Suffix -agʃ

**Place of (e.g. wine → winery)** = If ends with vowel: Suffix -cʲ

Else: Suffix -icʲ

**Diminutive** = Suffix -öcʲ

**Augmentative** = Suffix -ux

Bliyj-English Dictionary

* a /a/ conj. if, whether
* abnöpsh /ˈabnöpʃ/ nm. ornament, accessory
* adve /ˈadve/ nf. muscle
* agzo /ˈagzo/ adv. else, otherwise
* am /am/ nf. fire, flame
* anboö /anˈboö/ nf. moisture
* ar /ar/ nm. brush, beard, brush (for hair)
* ayy /ajj/ v. send
* badyu /ˈbadju/ adj. alone
* bamagsh /ˈbamagʃ/ nm. visitor
* bar /bar/ nm. list, menu, catalog, column
* bars /bars/ nf. mistake, error, defect
* bec /becʲ/ v. destroy, devastate
* bekh /bex/ nm. key
* bemb /bemb/ nn. skin, fur, bark (of tree), crust, leather, mane
* bert /bert/ adj. stupid, dumb, silly
* bid /bid/ v. know (a fact), know (be acquainted with)
* bint /bint/ nf. pain, agony
* biyy /bijj/ v. tread, step on
* bodga /bodˈga/ v. excite
* böld /böld/ prep. across
* borf /borf/ v. secure
* bötsh /bötʃ/ nm. stomach, gut
* bugying /ˈbugjing/ nf. perception
* bumf /bumf/ adj. black
* cab /cʲab/ adj. quick
* cad /cʲad/ nm. information
* cagshö /ˈcʲagʃö/ v. provide
* çar /çʲar/ nm. thunder
* cayfang /ˈcʲajfang/ nn. permission
* ceb /cʲeb/ nn. guide
* çedz /çʲedz/ adj. perfect
* celd /cʲeld/ det. more
* cerbas /ˈcʲerbas/ nm. ass
* ci /cʲi/ pron. from you
* cidvo /ˈcʲidvo/ nn. text, document, prose
* cind /cʲind/ nm. crown
* citkhe /cʲitˈxe/ adj. silly, absurd
* cob /cʲob/ v. imagine, devise
* çog /çʲog/ adj. probable
* çoki /ˈçʲoki/ adj. messy
* cong /cʲong/ nf. afternoon
* corm /cʲorm/ v. abuse, torture
* coyf /cʲojf/ nm. humor
* çufnidma /çʲufˈnidma/ nm. idiot
* curp /cʲurp/ adj. happy
* dabse /dabˈse/ adj. sharp
* daj /daɟ/ v. want, require, oblige, crave, desire, lack
* dalzö /dalˈzö/ adj. recent
* dankhamb /danˈxamb/ v. catch, capture, seize, grab, arrest, clutch, grasp, grip, intercept
* dar /dar/ nm. horse
* ded /ded/ adj. frequent
* dent /dent/ nf. journey, voyage
* dibz /dibz/ det. its
* dige /ˈdige/ v. like
* diö /diˈö/ nf. youth
* do /do/ pron. you all
* dod /dod/ nf. lunch
* dokfitang /dokfiˈtang/ nn. pleasure
* dolpiv /ˈdolpiv/ adv. then
* dos /dos/ nf. farm, pasture
* dudrung /ˈdudrung/ nf. painting
* dutsh /dutʃ/ v. gain
* edmu /ˈedmu/ v. waste
* ejbö /eɟˈbö/ nf. century
* em /em/ v. set
* ern /ern/ nf. queen
* etmögsherp /etmögˈʃerp/ nf. fog
* fabz /fabz/ num. four
* fakh /fax/ v. edit, revise
* farki /farˈki/ v. treat
* fec /fecʲ/ adj. rare
* femf /femf/ adv. actually
* fibz /fibz/ nm. restaurant, diner
* fig /fig/ nf. cat, vagina
* filp /filp/ nn. university
* firmöc /ˈfirmöcʲ/ nm. drawing
* fö /fö/ adv. ever
* foe /ˈfoe/ nm. cake
* foyy /fojj/ adj. huge
* fufde /ˈfufde/ nf. holiday, vacation
* futsheç /ˈfutʃeçʲ/ nn. beast
* gadz /gadz/ nm. limit, border, boundary
* gatsh /gatʃ/ nm. breakfast
* gej /geɟ/ nm. shell
* genjed /ˈgenɟed/ adv. back
* gikhegku /gixegˈku/ v. rest, relax, nap
* giyy /gijj/ adj. regular
* goij /ˈgoiɟ/ nf. corpse
* gokh /gox/ v. drive, chase
* gövic /ˈgövicʲ/ nf. armoury
* gughöi /gugˈhöi/ adj. distant
* haagsh /haˈagʃ/ nf. runner
* handeb /ˈhandeb/ v. finish
* hebbi /ˈhebbi/ nn. culture
* help /help/ nn. jewel, gem
* heyzu /ˈhejzu/ nm. back (of body), back (reverse side)
* hö /hö/ pron. she
* högep /höˈgep/ nm. belief
* hörkh /hörx/ nf. doctor
* huc /hucʲ/ nf. respect
* i /i/ prep. at
* ig /ig/ v. teach, instruct, educate, coach
* imbeb /ˈimbeb/ v. clear
* inv /inv/ nn. stem, root
* irkh /irx/ nf. poem
* jab /ɟab/ nn. fence, barrier, wall
* jamla /ˈɟamla/ nf. tide
* jebvakh /ˈɟebvax/ nm. armor
* jep /ɟep/ v. throw, toss, fling
* jic /ɟicʲ/ nf. trial
* jirn /ɟirn/ nf. society
* jots /ɟots/ adj. gay, homosexual
* ju /ɟu/ prep. like
* junt /ɟunt/ nm. tail, rear
* kad /kad/ adj. smooth, stable, steady, consistent, sleek
* karn /karn/ adv. tomorrow
* keb /keb/ adj. bad
* keyza /kejˈza/ nn. activity
* kilha /ˈkilha/ nn. diet
* kök /kök/ v. exercise, practice
* konjo /ˈkonɟo/ nm. flood
* ku /ku/ v. support, justify, reinforce
* kumb /kumb/ num. seventeen
* mac /macʲ/ nf. station
* mam /mam/ v. separate, divide, isolate
* mars /mars/ nm. linen, napkin
* mec /mecʲ/ nm. worker
* mi /mi/ v. hold, retain
* mic mön /micʲ mön/ nf. rail
* mirn /mirn/ nm. knot
* mölsh /mölʃ/ v. surprise, startle
* moye /moˈje/ nf. toy
* murm /murm/ nm. sign, signal
* ob /ob/ pron. to him
* od /od/ v. defecate
* ofhömb /ˈofhömb/ v. settle, stay, remain, persist
* öhyeng /ˈöhjeng/ nm. reflection
* olk /olk/ nm. snake
* ön /ön/ nm. experiment
* öpmamb /öpˈmamb/ nm. sheep
* örgi /ˈörgi/ v. bend, fold
* oska /ˈoska/ adv. together
* ovdumni /ovˈdumni/ nm. comb, brush (for hair), broom
* ozji /ˈozɟi/ v. crush, grind, smash
* pakhö /ˈpaxö/ nn. east
* pannosh çulp /panˈnoʃ çʲulp/ nn. archive
* pegshagsh /ˈpegʃagʃ/ nf. locksmith
* peyf /pejf/ nn. bottom (lowest part), buttocks
* piksh /pikʃ/ prep. on
* piyt /pijt/ nf. row
* podshö /podˈʃö/ nf. fowl
* pöyf /pöjf/ nm. thorn
* purm /purm/ nn. siege
* qafnobz /ˈqafnobz/ pron. none
* qaqtö /qaqˈtö/ v. chase
* qeagsh /ˈqeagʃ/ nn. author, writer
* qerö /qeˈrö/ v. lay
* qimf /qimf/ nm. skill, talent
* qobyo /ˈqobjo/ nm. church, chapel
* qolkh /qolx/ pron. to me
* qotsh /qotʃ/ v. remove, take out
* qulsh /qulʃ/ v. keep, store
* rabz /rabz/ nf. costume
* rakshi /ˈrakʃi/ adj. sexual
* rayy /rajj/ nm. horizon, panorama
* relk /relk/ nf. skeleton, hull
* rigsha /ˈrigʃa/ nf. gun
* rirsh /rirʃ/ nn. success, benefit, profit
* rö /rö/ nn. fat
* romf /romf/ nm. wood
* rubshe /ˈrubʃe/ nm. order, hierarchy
* ruyt /rujt/ adj. worth
* samu /ˈsamu/ v. request, appeal
* sazpudle /sazˈpudle/ nn. wing
* sevgavyi /sevˈgavji/ adv. somewhat, fairly, pretty
* shagsh /ʃagʃ/ v. bite
* she rakshi /ʃe ˈrakʃi/ nm. homosexual
* shigshic /ˈʃigʃicʲ/ nf. graveyard
* shö /ʃö/ v. change
* shöng /ʃöng/ nn. change
* shud /ʃud/ nf. paper, contract
* shutze /ˈʃutze/ nm. accent (of language)
* sind /sind/ v. wear, put on
* sö vish /sö viʃ/ nf. thigh
* söts /söts/ prep. under, below
* suydogsh /sujˈdogʃ/ adv. out
* suzyash /suˈzjaʃ/ nm. dog
* tadye /ˈtadje/ nn. square, block
* tarp /tarp/ adj. big, large, huge
* tarsh /tarʃ/ nm. field, arena, pasture, garden
* tebbib /tebˈbib/ v. cry, moan, weep, mourn
* tesö /ˈtesö/ nn. fan (enthusiast)
* tig /tig/ nm. range, radius, year, period, season, spectrum, extent
* tobz /tobz/ v. copy, imitate
* tösh /töʃ/ nf. gate, port
* tund /tund/ nn. right, entitlement
* ubver /ˈubver/ v. fill
* uklöjmu /uklöɟˈmu/ pron. anyone
* urf /urf/ adj. drunk (inebriated)
* va /va/ nm. family
* valjung /ˈvalɟung/ nf. response
* vebyamoi /ˈvebjaˌmoi/ adj. friendly
* vent /vent/ nf. bed
* vij /viɟ/ nm. feather
* vo /vo/ v. work
* vomayu /voˈmaju/ v. print
* vubsayy /vubˈsajj/ nf. theory
* ya /ja/ nm. task, chore
* yalk /jalk/ nf. eye, eyeball
* yaond /ˈjaond/ v. vomit
* yeb /jeb/ v. understand, realize, comprehend
* yer /jer/ nn. character
* yibö /ˈjibö/ adj. technological
* yo /jo/ nm. time, age
* yödla /ˈjödla/ adj. tall
* yorpi /ˈjorpi/ adj. dirty
* yulheksh /ˈjulhekʃ/ nm. space, room (space)
* zak /zak/ prep. per, for each
* zebboagsh /zebˈboagʃ/ nn. owner
* zetiz /zeˈtiz/ adv. clearly
* zo /zo/ v. find, discover, encounter, uncover
* zon /zon/ adj. stable, steady, safe
* zu /zu/ nn. glass

cyrillic:

b > б

cʲ > ч

çʲ > щ

d > д

f > ф

g > г

h > гъ

j > й

ɟ > дгъ

k > к

l > л

m > м

n > н

p > п

q > кгъ

r > р

s > с

ʃ > ш

t > т

v > в

x > х

z > з

a > а

e > э

i > и

ö > ө

o > о

u > ү