Parbatian

**Parbatian** is the language of Parbatia and is a member of the Mino-Aborean Languages. It is spoken throughout the former range of the Parbatian Empire, much of Northern Aborea, parts of the Illuvian Plateau, and small scattered settlements all over the Trader's Sea.

Neo-Parbatian is a descendant of Middle Parbatian, the official liturgical and literary language of Spentism and the Parbatian Empire.

In the east, Parbatian was never influenced by the Trebians and use only Parbatian as the official tongue. Middle Parbatian is the official tongue of several eastern nations under the Parbatian sphere of influence.

Parbatian is the liturgical language of Spentism and as such, is studied by most of the nobility and is used by all Sabatic Clergy and is also studied by the Sarassics as most religious texts are written in Middle Parbatian.

## History

The Parbatian Language has been divided into four stages, Archaic Parbatian, Old Parbatian, Middle Parbatian, and Neo-Parbatian. The earlies glyphs in Parbatian date back around 3400 LE.

## Orthography

Archaic Parbatian up to Middle Parbatian was writen in Potamoglyphs, a syllabary with some logographs. There were seventy-two syllabic symbols in total for combinations of Parbatian phonemes. This was later replaced by a more simplified version of the script, an abugida, which originated in Illuvia. This script is known as the atakerse script, from an Old Illuvian word meaning writing. This script is also the origin for many of the scripts in the southwestern portion of Arsedia. The atakerse script has since been replaced by the Basnean Script, a descendant of the atakerse script in use in the Illuvian plateau, Sanacery, Parbatia, and much of northern Aborea and Corcina.

## Grammar of Middle Parbatian

Nouns exhibit nominal tense; past and future as suffixes.

Both can be combined future first, to express the idea of something that was going to be but didn't end up happening.

Conjugations use suffixes and have 11 tenses:

* -**uk**: marks proximity of the action."just came*"*
* -**hu**: indicates a fact that occurred long ago and asserts that it's really truth. "went missing a long time ago".
* -**sa**: tells that the speaker was doubtful before but he's sure at the moment he speaks, "so then you bought one after all".

The verb form without suffixes at all is a present somewhat aorist: "that day you got out and you went far".

* -**mi**: is a future of immediate happening, it's also used as authoritarian imperative."he/she'll come back soon".
* -**ku**: has the meaning of "already". "I already did it".

These two suffixes can be added together:  "I'm already going".

* -**ma**: indicates something not imminent or something that must be done for social or moral reasons, "that must be done".
* -**ba**: indicates something that probably will happen or something the speaker imagines that is happening. "the children are probably coming home now".
* -**li**: continual action at the moment of speaking, present and pluperfect continuous or emphatic.  "we're making fire";  "it's ME!".
* -**ri**: it has a subtle difference with *li* in which *ri* indicates not necessarily what's being done at the moment of speaking, "I'm working (not necessarily now)".
* -**wa**: indicates emphatically that a process has all finished.  "I painted the wall completely".

* -**na**: customary action in the past: "He used to come a lot".

Determiners[copy Guarani]

There are postpositions instead of prepost=itions

Possession is shown by a suffix after the noun

the genitive case is formed through a suffix and is doubled or more when three or more nouns follow each other

There is no copula

there are two genders, male and female

no politeness distinction

and is different from with

the active voice is preferred in all situations and the passive is considered strange

adjectives follow the noun they modify and agree with its plurality and gender

plural is a prefix

Object, Verb and Oblique

Genitive-Noun

Demonstrative-Noun

Numeral-Noun

No articles

Negation is preverbal

### Case System

genitive denotes x of y -gi

ergative denotes the agent -ak

absolutive denotes the patient -ki

locative denotes location -ish

dative denotes a beneficiary -mir

comitative denotes with -am

ablative-instrumental denotes motion going away -an

determinative denotes motion going toward -at

equative denotes 'like' -na

directive denotes nearness -nu

Four Moods, optative hat- subjunctive na- indicative, imperative as-

Stress when unmarked is always on the ultimate or penultimate syllable

noun+case+gender+possession

verb+tense+gender

-ad feminine

-di masculine

## Vocabulary

-mav their(possession)

-pi your(possessive)

Ashta-first month

aabu-elephant

aambira-moon, month

aambu-sea

aatra-ash

abu-horn

aday-to walk

agri-maintain

alkib-seventh month

amrit-give

anda-strange(adj)

ankida-community

apsa-strength

ardu-past

arma-though

arpaasa-war

arti-world

ashta-flute

ashu-enslave

ashuk-worthy

asi-full(adjectiuve)

ati-open

awatum-word

ay-or

ayim-dawn

ayin-eleventh month

ayra-life

aytara-choose

ba-who

bamsu-that which is right

bara-like(verb)

baray-tongue

baru-teach

bas-spirit

biira-we(inclusive)

budhi-recognize

budur-all

daaya-big

dal-door

dalil-west

dalim-fire

danggal-us

daru-settlement

dayyam-law

diksha-holy

dir-child

dita-wise(adjective)

gambal-king

gane-far(adjective)

gavta-conduct

gihar-chaos

gu-that

hapa-wrath

hara-to name

hari-because

hartan-fire

hiptah-tenth month

huru-fourth month

iinaasha-wolf

ilaasa-bread

ilaasa-plow

ilumi-learn

imiida-brain

iru-bird

ish-for

ishta-wisdom

iyaambu-mountain

izzat-worship

kal-that

kambiira-writing

kantu-good

karal-make

kardu-chicken

keya-wisdom

kulpa-good(noun)

kutan-sun,day

laadim-now

laasa-one

laaya-axe

labiyu-abyss

lavat-become

layali-promise

lekhkha-foreigner

lusay-year(f)

mahar-forever

mapta-prophet

mayti-will

meludha-water

min-man

minu-wind(f)

mumta-sing

muru-from

musi-while

muti-banish

naan-but

naap-reed

nadu-beginning

nanna-lady

nara-to rise

narma-thought

nawa-horde

nibta-twelfth month

nihal-queen

ninut-sixth month

niru-savage

nisra-ninth month

nuwara-up

paarbastu-Parbatia

paasa-impose

paki-through

pala-bay

parash-triskelion

pardin-horse

parisu-gift

parkutal-great

paruna-butterfly

piishtu-river

pita-you

prada-save

pudu-petition

pugal-house

puli-like that

punaat-creator

punta-hearth

puwar-duty

samka-overcome

sara-we(exclusive)

sari-hand

savird-shield

sawlimur-silence

shimmar-tree

shu-eight month

simat-demon

sur-right

sushparan-lotus

talar-no

talu-all

tansi-song

tarma-city,before

tavat-you all

tavin-savior

tayshna-provoke

teri-to ask for something

tihu-second month

tilam-god

tul- I

tun-egg

ul-in,to

ulaaya-stone

ulisha-fly

ulunga-beer

umaara-barley

unga-knife

upa-here

upta-want

urunga-wine

ushra-third month

vaaya-this

vadi-work

vandha-marriage

vandha-snow

varini-pray

vasa-pot

vasa-to take

vurana-north

wadi-choose

wara-appear

wedum-warrior(m)

yaa-and

yah-fifth month

yam-these

yedu-sesame

za- turns something into an adjective

## Sample Text

Tul nihalta. Kagambalta ardu zagihar-gihar naan tulak layalid tawatki kal tul talar puli. Musi tul lekhkhad, dirad zaniru muru dalil gane, naan ba tawat wadima? Nirudak izzatlid tilamkita, kal ilumikud barayta yaa talar uptalid ashulid tawatki? Ay nawa asi kanirugik kizzatli tilamki anda yaa zalekhkha, yaa kuptari kapaasami barayha ul tawatki yaa kuptali kashturi tawatki? Tulak asaytarad tawatki wadi yaa tawat aswadima laadim.

I queen+your. plural+king+your past adjective+chaoschaos but I+ergative promising+continously+feminine youall+absolutive that I no likethat. While I foreigner+feminine,  child+feminine savage from west far, but who youall choose+must? Savage+ergative worship+continously+feminine god+absolutive+your, that learned+already+feminine tongue+your and no want+continously+feminine enslave+continously+feminine youall+absolutive? Or horde full plural+savage+of+ergative plural+worship+continously god+absolutive strange and foreign, and plural+want+notnow plural+impose+soon tongue+their in youall+absolutive and plural+want+continously plural+enslave+notnow youall+absolutive? I+ergative imperative+allow+feminine youall+absolutive choose and youall imperative+choose+must now.

I am your queen. Your kings in the past were all chaotic but I am promising you that I am not like that. I maybe a foreigner, a barbarian child from the far west, but who would you rather choose? A barbarian who worships your god, who has learned your tongue and who does not wish to enslave you? Or an entire horde of barbarians who worship a strange and foreign god, who wishes to impose their tongue upon yours and wishes to enslave you? I ask you to choose and I ask that you do it now.