Ligne 150 KV - (Creney - Bois-de-Cure)

## Présentation :

La ligne Creney - Bois-de-Cure est une ancienne ligne à haute tension de 150 000 volts qui reliait la centrale hydro-électrique de Bois-de-Cure dans le Morvan au poste d'interconnexion de Creney près de Troyes. La ligne est encore quasiment intacte aujourd'hui mais n'est plus exploitée à sa tension d'origine depuis les années 1980. Une portion d'une vingtaine de kilomètres est désaffectée depuis près de 40 ans.

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class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBois de Cure\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Bois de Cure\n","link":"","lat":47.40582607571714,"lon":3.817121350387205,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECreney\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Creney\n","link":"","lat":48.3433019315237,"lon":4.138755959167075,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETonnerre\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Tonnerre\n","link":"","lat":47.85361778325228,"lon":3.9912836684737574,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYrouerre\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Yrouerre\n","link":"","lat":47.79720466592199,"lon":3.9547998544536345,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAvreuil\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Avreuil\n","link":"","lat":48.03422733060559,"lon":4.005857924635592,"icon":""}]}
## Historique :

### Un demi siècle d'exploitation sous la tension de 150 KV

La compagnie *Hydro-électricité de la Cure* (CHEC) entreprit à partir des années 1920 des travaux d'aménagement hydraulique dans le massif du Morvan pour exploiter l'énergie de la Cure. La centrale électrique de bois-de-Cure, centre névralgique des installations, fut mise en 1932.

   La compagnie érigea dans la foulée cette ligne à haute tension afin d'évacuer l'énergie vers le poste d'interconnexion de Creney-Près-Troyes et le réseau de transport longue distance (qui était alors en plein développement). De là, l'électricité produite dans le Morvan pouvait être ainsi acheminée vers Paris ou les usines du Creusot via le super réseau à 220 KV (Lignes Creney-Villevaudé et Creney - Henri-Paul)

Par ailleurs, un poste de transformation 150/60KV fut construit à Yrouerre, raccordé en piquage sur la ligne pour alimenter une partie du département de l'Yonne (et notamment Auxerre sa préfecture).

En 1941, une autre ligne 150 KV est réalisée par la CIREG (*Compagnie d’interconnexion Rhone-Eguzon*) pour relier la centrale de Bois-de-Cure à Garchizy près de Nevers, permettant ainsi de mailler le réseau entre Creney, Nevers et le Creusot. Elle sera sectionnée en 1964 à Vignol pour créer un poste 150/30KV.

Dans le cadre des travaux d’électrification de la voie ferrée Paris-Marseille, un poste de transformation 150/60KV est mis en service en 1949 à Tonnerre pour approvisionner les deux lignes 60 KV alimentant la caténaire. L’axe Creney – Bois-de-Cure est alors dérouté pour entrer en coupure dans ce nouveau poste. La ligne n’est pas fractionnée physiquement pour autant car les tronçons réalisés jusqu’au poste y sont raccordés par des bretelles verticales. Le poste d’Yrouerre devient obsolète à partir de cette époque et sera démantelé au cours des années 1960.

La commune d’Avallon, alimenté initialement par une simple ligne 63KV issue de la centrale de Bois-de-Cure, voit son poste électrique HT renforcé en 1967 par un raccordement en piquage sur la ligne 150KV Tonnerre – Bois-de-Cure au niveau de la commune d’Annéot. A ce stade, l’ancienne ligne de la CHEC se décompose ainsi :

* Ligne 150 KV Creney-Tonnerre
* Ligne 150 KV Tonnerre – Avallon – Bois-de-Cure

### Mutation du réseau dans les années 1980

Au début des années 1980, le réseau 150KV arrive à la limite de ses capacités du fait de l’accroissement des consommations et des grandes distances séparant l’Agglomération de Nevers des postes sources de Creney et Henri-Paul (respectivement 195 et 140 km).

Ainsi débutent en 1984 des travaux pour transformer l’axe Tonnerre-Garchizy en liaison à 225 KV. Les deux lignes 150 KV issues de l’usine de Bois-de-Cure sont raccordées entre elles et shuntent dès lors le poste de la centrale. Plus au Nord, le poste d’Avallon est désormais raccordé en coupure suite au doublement du tronçon issue du piquage d’Annéot. Un piquage est réalisé à Yrouerre pour connecter la nouvelle ligne 225 KV au poste 400KV de Serein, créé lors de la réalisation de la LGV Sud-Est. Six pylônes sont remplacés au Nord d'Yrouerre et six autres sont déposés à Tonnerre entre la D117 et la voie ferrée Paris-Marseille. Une fois la mutation opérée, la liaison Tonnerre - Bois-de-Cure forme les lignes 225KV Avallon-Serein-Tonnerre et Avallon-Vignol .

Enfin, la ligne Creney-Tonnerre est connectée aux cellules 63KV du poste de Tonnerre mais est probablement mise hors tension. Elle sera partiellement réactivée en 1991 pour alimenter le poste source d’Avreuil depuis Creney puis déposée à la fin des années 1990 entre la voie ferrée et le poste 225/63KV de Tonnerre.

## La ligne de nos jours :

La ligne Avallon-Serein-Tonnerre a été fracturée en 2016 pour entrer en coupure dans le nouveau poste de Joux-la-Ville, mis en service pour évacuer l'énergie produite par un par éolien. Aujourd'hui la ligne est exploitée en 63 KV de Creney à Avreuil et en 225KV au Sud de Tonnerre. Le tronçon Avreuil-Tonnerre, désaffectée depuis 1984, est toujours debout et se termine sur un pylône d'arrêt au bord de la voie ferrée Paris-Marseille.

L'emprise du poste d'Yrouerre sont toujours visibles aujourd'hui, elle est divisé en plusieurs parcelles habitées. On peut également distinguer les vestiges du poste 150KV de Bois-de-Cure sur les photos satellites de google map.

## description du tracé :

La ligne suit un tracé orienté globalement Nord-Sud et traverse majoritairement des zones de plaines.

* Elle sort du poste de Creney par le Sud puis oblique légèrement vers le Sud-Ouest au niveau de Troyes.
* Après avoir franchi la Seine, la ligne longe la forêt de de Jeugny puis pénètre dans le *bois du Perchois*. Elle traverse alors plusieurs zones boisées jusqu'à Bernon puis suit la route D23 jusqu'à Coussegrey.
* Elle suit ensuite plus ou moins le tracé de la D944 jusqu'à Joux-la-Ville, croisant au passage la voie ferrée Paris-Marseille à l'Est de Tonnerre et l'autoroute A6 près de Nitry.
* La ligne bifurque plein Sud à hauteur de Joux-la-Ville puis s'engage dans la forêt du *Val de la Nef*. Elle chemine ensuite à 3 kilomètres à l'Ouest d'Avallon, passant à proximité des villages d'Annay-la-Côte, Tharot et Pontaubert.
* Après avoir croisé la D957, la ligne parcourt encore 8 kilomètres vers le Sud avant d'atteindre la centrale de Bois-de-Cure.

## Tronçons récupérés pour la création de nouvelles lignes :

**En 1949 :**

* Ligne 150 KV - (Creney-Tonnerre)
* Ligne 150 KV - (Tonnerre - Yrouerre - Bois-de-Cure) - piquage

**En 1967 :**

* Ligne 150 KV - (Tonnerre - Avallon - Bois-de-Cure) - piquage

**En 1984 :**

* Ligne 225 KV - (Avallon-Serein-Tonnerre) - piquage
* Ligne 225 KV - (Avallon-Vignol)

**En 1991 :**

* Ligne 63 KV - (Creny-Avreuil)

**En 2016 :**

* Ligne 225 KV - (Joux-la-Ville - Serein - Tonnerre) - piquage
* Ligne 225 KV - (Avallon - Joux-la-Ville)

## Liens :

* *La Nièvre de 1946 à nos jours - Une brève histoire du réseau et des centrales Nivernaises*
* *Les aménagements hydro-électriques de la Bourgogne*