List of mammals of Mexico

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This is a list of the native wild **mammal species recorded in Mexico**. As of September 2014, there were 536 mammalian species or subspecies listed. Based on IUCN data, Mexico has 23% more noncetacean mammal species than the U.S. and Canada combined in an area only 10% as large, or a species density over 12 times that of its northern neighbors. Mexico's high mammal biodiversity is in part a reflection of the wide array of biomes present over its latitudinal, climatic and altitudinal ranges, from lowland tropical rainforest to temperate desert to montane forest to alpine tundra. The general increase in terrestrial biodiversity moving towards the equator is another important factor in the comparison. Mexico includes much of the Mesoamerican and Madrean pine-oak woodlands biodiversity hotspots. From a biogeographic standpoint, most of Mexico is linked to the rest of North America as part of the Nearctic realm. However, the lowlands of southern Mexico are linked with Central America and South America as part of the Neotropical realm. Extensive mixing of Nearctic and Neotropical mammal species commenced only three million years ago, when the formation of the Isthmus of Panama ended South America's long period of isolation and precipitated the Great American Interchange. Twenty of Mexico's extant nonflying species (opossums, armadillos, anteaters, monkeys and caviomorph rodents) are of South American origin. Most of the megafauna that formerly inhabited the region became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene about 10,000 years ago, shortly after the arrival of the first humans. Increasing alteration and destruction of natural habitats by expanding human populations during the last several centuries is causing further attrition of the region's biodiversity, as exemplified by the "hotspot" designations (by definition, such areas have lost over 70% of their primary vegetation).

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature; those on the left are used here, those in the second column in some other articles:

Of the listed taxa, 7 are extinct, 1 (not recognized by the IUCN) is possibly extinct, 30 are critically endangered, 46 are endangered, 26 are vulnerable, and 23 are near threatened. These status tags were most recently updated in April 2011. Six of the extinct or possibly extinct taxa and 11 of the critically endangered taxa are insular (all but two of these are rodents); another 13 of the critically endangered species (all rodents or shrews) are montane. The only critically endangered species that are neither rodents nor shrews are the Cozumel Island raccoon and the vaquita. The vaquita population estimate has dropped below 100 as of 2014 and it is regarded as being in imminent danger of extinction.

## Subclass: Theria

### Infraclass: Metatheria

#### Order: Didelphimorphia (common opossums)

Didelphimorphia is the order of common opossums of the Western Hemisphere. Opossums probably diverged from the basic South American marsupials in the late Cretaceous or early Paleocene. They are small to medium-sized marsupials, about the size of a large house cat, with a long snout and prehensile tail.

* Family: Didelphidae (American opossums)
	+ Subfamily: Caluromyinae
		- Genus: *Caluromys*
			* Derby's woolly opossum, *C. derbianus* **LC**
	+ Subfamily: Didelphinae
		- Genus: *Chironectes*
			* Water opossum, *C. minimus* **LC**
		- Genus: *Didelphis*
			* Common opossum, *D. marsupialis* **LC**
			* Virginia opossum, *D. virginiana* **LC**
		- Genus: *Marmosa*
			* Mexican mouse opossum, *M. mexicana* **LC**
		- Genus: *Metachirus*
			* Brown four-eyed opossum, *M. nudicaudatus* **LC**
		- Genus: *Philander*
			* Gray four-eyed opossum, *P. opossum* **LC**
		- Genus: *Tlacuatzin*
			* Grayish mouse opossum, *T. canescens* **LC**

### Infraclass: Eutheria

#### Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)

Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered. They evolved about 50 million years ago, and their closest living relatives are elephants. Manatees are the only extant afrotherians in the Americas. However, a number proboscid species, some of which survived until the arrival of Paleo-Indians, once inhabited the region. Mammoths, mastodons and gomphotheres all formerly lived in Mexico.

* Family: Trichechidae
	+ Genus: *Trichechus*
		- West Indian manatee, *T. manatus* **VU**

#### Order: Cingulata (armadillos)

Armadillos are small mammals with a bony armored shell. Two of twenty-one extant species are present in Mexico; the remainder are only found in South America, where they originated. Their much larger relatives, the pampatheres and glyptodonts, once lived in North and South America but went extinct following the appearance of humans.

* Family: Dasypodidae (long-nosed armadillos)
	+ Subfamily: Dasypodinae
		- Genus: *Dasypus*
			* Nine-banded armadillo, *D. novemcinctus* **LC**
* Family: Chlamyphoridae (armadillos)
	+ Subfamily: Tolypeutinae
		- Genus: *Cabassous*
			* Northern naked-tailed armadillo, *C. centralis* **DD**

#### Order: Pilosa (anteaters, sloths and tamanduas)

The order Pilosa is extant only in the Americas and includes the anteaters, sloths, and tamanduas. Their ancestral home is South America. Numerous ground sloths, some of which reached the size of elephants, were once present in both North and South America, as well as on the Antilles, but all went extinct following the arrival of humans.

* Suborder: Vermilingua
	+ Family: Cyclopedidae
		- Genus: *Cyclopes*
			* Common silky anteater, *C. didactylus* **LC**
			* Central American silky anteater, *C. dorsalis* **NE**
	+ Family: Myrmecophagidae (American anteaters)
		- Genus: *Tamandua*
			* Northern tamandua, *T. mexicana* **LC**

#### Order: Primates

The order Primates includes the lemurs, monkeys, and apes, with the latter category including humans. It is divided into four main groupings: strepsirrhines, tarsiers, monkeys of the New World (parvorder Platyrrhini), and monkeys and apes of the Old World. Mexico's 2 genera of nonhuman primates compares to 6 in Central America, 20 in South America, 15 in Madagascar, 23 in Africa and 19 in Asia. Mexican and Central American monkeys are recent immigrants from South America, where their ancestors arrived after rafting over from Africa roughly 25 million years ago. Southeastern Mexico is the northernmost limit of the distribution of New World monkeys, which are restricted to tropical rainforest habitat.

* Suborder: Haplorrhini
	+ Infraorder: Simiiformes
		- Parvorder: Platyrrhini
			* Family: Atelidae
				+ Subfamily: Alouattinae
					- Genus: *Alouatta*
						* Mantled howler, *A. palliata* **LC**
						* Guatemalan black howler, *A. pigra* **EN**
				+ Subfamily: Atelinae
					- Genus: *Ateles*
						* Geoffroy's spider monkey, *A. geoffroyi* **EN**

#### Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small, although the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb). According to the IUCN listing, Mexico has more rodent species (236 as of April 2011) than any other country in the world (Brazil is second with 222). Of Mexico's rodents, 2% are caviomorphs, 14.5% are sciurids, 25.5% are castorimorphs and 58% are cricetids. This distribution is fairly similar to that of the remainder of North America (although sciurids are relatively twice as abundant to the north, at the expense of cricetids), but is very different from that of South America, where the corresponding figures are 36%, 3%, 1% and 60%. Of Mexico's cricetids, 17% are sigmodontine, while the figure for South America is 99.5%. Mexico's caviomorphs are recent immigrants from South America, where their ancestors washed ashore after rafting across the Atlantic from Africa about 40–45 million years ago. Conversely, South America's sciurids, castorimorphs and cricetids are recent immigrants from Central America (with sigmodontines getting a head start on the others).

* Suborder: Hystricomorpha
	+ - Family: Erethizontidae (New World porcupines)
			* Subfamily: Erethizontinae
				+ Genus: *Erethizon*
					- North American porcupine, *E. dorsatum* LC
				+ Genus: *Coendou*
					- Mexican hairy dwarf porcupine, *Coendou mexicanus* LC
		- Family: Dasyproctidae (agoutis and pacas)
			* Genus: *Dasyprocta*
				+ Mexican agouti, *Dasyprocta mexicana* **CR**
				+ Central American agouti, *Dasyprocta punctata* LC
		- Family: Cuniculidae
			* Genus: *Cuniculus*
				+ Lowland paca, *Cuniculus paca* LC
* Suborder: Sciuromorpha
	+ Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
		- Subfamily: Sciurinae
			* Tribe: Pteromyini
				+ Genus: *Glaucomys*
					- Southern flying squirrel, *Glaucomys volans* LC
			* Tribe: Sciurini
				+ Genus: *Sciurus*
					- Abert's squirrel, *Sciurus aberti* LC
					- Allen's squirrel, *Sciurus alleni* LC
					- Arizona gray squirrel, *Sciurus arizonensis* DD
					- Mexican gray squirrel, *Sciurus aureogaster* LC
					- Collie's squirrel, *Sciurus colliaei* LC
					- Deppe's squirrel, *Sciurus deppei* LC
					- Western gray squirrel, *Sciurus griseus* LC
					- Mexican fox squirrel, *Sciurus nayaritensis* LC
					- Fox squirrel, *Sciurus niger* LC
					- Peters's squirrel, *Sciurus oculatus* LC
					- Variegated squirrel, *Sciurus variegatoides* LC
					- Yucatan squirrel, *Sciurus yucatanensis* LC
				+ Genus: *Tamiasciurus*
					- Mearns's squirrel, *Tamiasciurus mearnsi* EN
		- Subfamily: Xerinae
			* Tribe: Marmotini
				+ Genus: *Ammospermophilus*
					- Harris's antelope squirrel, *Ammospermophilus harrisii* LC
					- Espíritu Santo antelope squirrel, *Ammospermophilus insularis*
					- Texas antelope squirrel, *Ammospermophilus interpres* LC
					- White-tailed antelope squirrel, *Ammospermophilus leucurus* LC
				+ Genus: *Cynomys*
					- Black-tailed prairie dog, *Cynomys ludovicianus* LC
					- Mexican prairie dog, *Cynomys mexicanus* EN
				+ Genus: *Neotamias*
					- Buller's chipmunk, *Neotamias bulleri* VU
					- Cliff chipmunk, *Neotamias dorsalis* LC
					- Durango chipmunk, *Neotamias durangae* LC
					- Merriam's chipmunk, *Neotamias merriami* LC
					- California chipmunk, *Neotamias obscurus* LC
				+ Genus: *Spermophilus*
					- Tropical ground squirrel, *Spermophilus adocetus* LC
					- Ring-tailed ground squirrel, *Spermophilus annulatus* LC
					- Baja California rock squirrel, *Spermophilus atricapillus* EN
					- California ground squirrel, *Spermophilus beecheyi* LC
					- Sierra Madre ground squirrel, *Spermophilus madrensis* NT
					- Mexican ground squirrel, *Spermophilus mexicanus* LC
					- Perote ground squirrel, *Xerospermophilus perotensis* EN
					- Spotted ground squirrel, *Spermophilus spilosoma* LC
					- Round-tailed ground squirrel, *Spermophilus tereticaudus* LC
					- Rock squirrel, *Spermophilus variegatus* LC
* Suborder: Castorimorpha
	+ Family: Castoridae (beavers)
		- Genus: *Castor*
			* American beaver, *Castor canadensis* LC
	+ Family: Geomyidae
		- Genus: *Cratogeomys*
			* Yellow-faced pocket gopher, *Cratogeomys castanops* LC
			* Oriental Basin pocket gopher, *Cratogeomys fulvescens* LC
			* Smoky pocket gopher, *Cratogeomys fumosus* LC
			* Goldman's pocket gopher, *Cratogeomys goldmani* LC
			* Merriam's pocket gopher, *Cratogeomys merriami* LC
			* Perote pocket gopher, *Cratogeomys perotensis* LC
			* Flat-headed pocket gopher, *Cratogeomys planiceps* LC
		- Genus: *Geomys*
			* Desert pocket gopher, *Geomys arenarius* NT
			* Texas pocket gopher, *Geomys personatus* LC
			* Tropical pocket gopher, *Geomys tropicalis* **CR**
		- Genus: *Orthogeomys*
			* Oaxacan pocket gopher, *Orthogeomys cuniculus* DD
			* Giant pocket gopher, *Orthogeomys grandis* LC
			* Hispid pocket gopher, *Orthogeomys hispidus* LC
			* Big pocket gopher, *Orthogeomys lanius* **CR**
		- Genus: *Pappogeomys*
			* Alcorn's pocket gopher, *Pappogeomys alcorni* **CR**
			* Buller's pocket gopher, *Pappogeomys bulleri* LC
		- Genus: *Thomomys*
			* Botta's pocket gopher, *Thomomys bottae* LC
			* Southern pocket gopher, *Thomomys umbrinus* LC
		- Genus: *Zygogeomys*
			* Michoacan pocket gopher, *Zygogeomys trichopus* EN
	+ Family: Heteromyidae
		- Subfamily: Dipodomyinae
			* Genus: *Dipodomys*
				+ Agile kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys agilis* LC
				+ Gulf Coast kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys compactus* LC
				+ Desert kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys deserti* LC
				+ San Quintin kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys gravipes* **CR**
				+ San Jose Island kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys insularis* **CR**
				+ Margarita Island kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys margaritae* **CR**
				+ Merriam's kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys merriami* LC
				+ Nelson's kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys nelsoni* LC
				+ Ord's kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys ordii* LC
				+ Phillips's kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys phillipsii* LC
				+ Dulzura kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys simulans* LC
				+ Banner-tailed kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys spectabilis* NT
		- Subfamily: Heteromyinae
			* Genus: *Heteromys*
				+ Desmarest's spiny pocket mouse, *Heteromys desmarestianus* LC
				+ Gaumer's spiny pocket mouse, *Heteromys gaumeri* LC
				+ Mexican spiny pocket mouse, *Heteromys irroratus* LC
				+ Nelson's spiny pocket mouse, *Heteromys nelsoni* EN
				+ Painted spiny pocket mouse, *Heteromys pictus* LC
				+ Salvin's spiny pocket mouse, *Heteromys salvini* LC
				+ Jaliscan spiny pocket mouse, *Heteromys spectabilis* EN
		- Subfamily: Perognathinae
			* Genus: *Chaetodipus*
				+ Little desert pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus arenarius* LC
				+ Narrow-skulled pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus artus* LC
				+ Bailey's pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus baileyi* LC
				+ California pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus californicus* LC
				+ Dalquest's pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus dalquesti* VU
				+ Chihuahuan pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus eremicus* LC
				+ San Diego pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus fallax* LC
				+ Long-tailed pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus formosus* LC
				+ Goldman's pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus goldmani* NT
				+ Hispid pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus hispidus* LC
				+ Rock pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus intermedius* LC
				+ Lined pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus lineatus* DD
				+ Nelson's pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus nelsoni* LC
				+ Desert pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus penicillatus* LC
				+ Sinaloan pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus pernix* LC
				+ Baja pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus rudinoris* LC
				+ Spiny pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus spinatus* LC
			* Genus: *Perognathus*
				+ Arizona pocket mouse, *Perognathus amplus* LC
				+ Plains pocket mouse, *Perognathus flavescens* LC
				+ Silky pocket mouse, *Perognathus flavus* LC
				+ Little pocket mouse, *Perognathus longimembris* LC
				+ Merriam's pocket mouse, *Perognathus merriami* LC
* Suborder: Myomorpha
	+ Family: Cricetidae
		- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
			* Genus: *Microtus*
				+ California vole, *Microtus californicus* LC
				+ Guatemalan vole, *Microtus guatemalensis* NT
				+ Mexican vole, *Microtus mexicanus* LC
				+ Tarabundí vole, *Microtus oaxacensis* EN
				+ Meadow vole, *Microtus pennsylvanicus* LC
				+ Jalapan pine vole, *Microtus quasiater* NT
				+ Zempoaltépec vole, *Microtus umbrosus* EN
			* Genus: *Ondatra*
				+ Muskrat, *Ondatra zibethicus* LC
		- Subfamily: Tylomyinae
			* Genus: *Nyctomys*
				+ Sumichrast's vesper rat, *Nyctomys sumichrasti* LC
			* Genus: *Otonyctomys*
				+ Hatt's vesper rat, *Otonyctomys hatti* LC
			* Genus: *Ototylomys*
				+ Big-eared climbing rat, *Ototylomys phyllotis* LC
			* Genus: *Tylomys*
				+ Chiapan climbing rat, *Tylomys bullaris* **CR**
				+ Peters's climbing rat, *Tylomys nudicaudus* LC
				+ Tumbala climbing rat, *Tylomys tumbalensis* **CR**
		- Subfamily: Neotominae
			* Genus: *Baiomys*
				+ Southern pygmy mouse, *Baiomys musculus* LC
				+ Northern pygmy mouse, *Baiomys taylori* LC
			* Genus: *Habromys*
				+ Chinanteco deer mouse, *Habromys chinanteco* **CR**
				+ Delicate deer mouse, *Habromys delicatulus* **CR**
				+ Ixtlán deer mouse, *Habromys ixtlani* **CR**
				+ Zempoaltepec deer mouse, *Habromys lepturus* **CR**
				+ Crested-tailed deer mouse, *Habromys lophurus* NT
				+ *Habromys schmidlyi* **CR**
				+ Jico deer mouse, *Habromys simulatus* EN
			* Genus: *Hodomys*
				+ Allen's wood rat, *Hodomys alleni* LC
			* Genus: *Megadontomys*
				+ Oaxaca giant deer mouse, *Megadontomys cryophilus* EN
				+ Nelson's giant deer mouse, *Megadontomys nelsoni* EN
				+ Thomas's giant deer mouse, *Megadontomys thomasi* EN
			* Genus: *Nelsonia*
				+ Goldman's diminutive woodrat, *Nelsonia goldmani* EN
				+ Diminutive woodrat, *Nelsonia neotomodon* NT
			* Genus: *Neotoma*
				+ White-throated woodrat, *Neotoma albigula* LC
					- Turner Island woodrat, *N. b. varia*
				+ Tamaulipan woodrat, *Neotoma angustapalata* EN
				+ Bryant's woodrat, *Neotoma bryanti* EN
					- Anthony's woodrat, *N. b. anthonyi* EX
					- Bunker's woodrat, *N. b. bunkeri* EX
					- San Martin Island woodrat, *N. b. martinensis* EX
				+ Arizona woodrat, *Neotoma devia* LC
				+ Dusky-footed woodrat, *Neotoma fuscipes* LC
				+ Goldman's woodrat, *Neotoma goldmani* LC
				+ Desert woodrat, *Neotoma lepida* LC
				+ White-toothed woodrat, *Neotoma leucodon* LC
				+ Big-eared woodrat, *Neotoma macrotis* LC
				+ Mexican woodrat, *Neotoma mexicana* LC
				+ Southern plains woodrat, *Neotoma micropus* LC
				+ Nelson's woodrat, *Neotoma nelsoni* **CR**
				+ Bolaños woodrat, *Neotoma palatina* VU
				+ Sonoran woodrat, *Neotoma phenax* NT
			* Genus: *Neotomodon*
				+ Mexican volcano mouse, *Neotomodon alstoni* LC
			* Genus: *Osgoodomys*
				+ Michoacan deer mouse, *Osgoodomys banderanus* LC
			* Genus: *Peromyscus*
				+ Aztec mouse, *Peromyscus aztecus* LC
				+ Orizaba deer mouse, *Peromyscus beatae* LC
				+ Brush mouse, *Peromyscus boylii* LC
				+ Perote mouse, *Peromyscus bullatus* **CR**
				+ California mouse, *Peromyscus californicus* LC
				+ Burt's deer mouse, *Peromyscus caniceps* **CR**
				+ Canyon mouse, *Peromyscus crinitus* LC
				+ Dickey's deer mouse, *Peromyscus dickeyi* **CR**
				+ Zacatecan deer mouse, *Peromyscus difficilis* LC
				+ Cactus mouse, *Peromyscus eremicus* LC
				+ Eva's desert mouse, *Peromyscus eva* LC
				+ Northern Baja deer mouse, *Peromyscus fraterculus* LC
				+ Blackish deer mouse, *Peromyscus furvus* DD
				+ Osgood's mouse, *Peromyscus gratus* LC
				+ Angel Island mouse, *Peromyscus guardia* **CR**
				+ Guatemalan deer mouse, *Peromyscus guatemalensis* LC
				+ Naked-eared deer mouse, *Peromyscus gymnotis* LC
				+ Hooper's mouse, *Peromyscus hooperi* LC
				+ Transvolcanic deer mouse, *Peromyscus hylocetes* LC
				+ San Lorenzo mouse, *Peromyscus interparietalis* **CR**
				+ White-footed mouse, *Peromyscus leucopus* LC
				+ Nimble-footed mouse, *Peromyscus levipes* LC
				+ Tres Marias Island mouse, *Peromyscus madrensis* EN
				+ Deer mouse, *Peromyscus maniculatus* LC
				+ Brown deer mouse, *Peromyscus megalops* LC
				+ Puebla deer mouse, *Peromyscus mekisturus* **CR**
				+ Zempoaltepec, *Peromyscus melanocarpus* EN
				+ Plateau mouse, *Peromyscus melanophrys* LC
				+ Black-eared mouse, *Peromyscus melanotis* LC
				+ Black-tailed mouse, *Peromyscus melanurus* EN
				+ Mesquite mouse, *Peromyscus merriami* LC
				+ Mexican deer mouse, *Peromyscus mexicanus* LC
				+ Northern rock mouse, *Peromyscus nasutus* LC
				+ El Carrizo deer mouse, *Peromyscus ochraventer* EN
				+ White-ankled mouse, *Peromyscus pectoralis* LC
				+ Pemberton's deer mouse, *Peromyscus pembertoni* **EX**
				+ Tawny deer mouse, *Peromyscus perfulvus* LC
				+ Chihuahuan mouse, *Peromyscus polius* NT
				+ False canyon mouse, *Peromyscus pseudocrinitus* **CR**
				+ La Palma field mouse, *Peromyscus sagax* DD
				+ Schmidly's deer mouse, *Peromyscus schmidlyi* LC
				+ Santa Cruz mouse, *Peromyscus sejugis* EN
				+ Nayarit mouse, *Peromyscus simulus* VU
				+ Slevin's mouse, *Peromyscus slevini* **CR**
				+ Gleaning mouse, *Peromyscus spicilegus* LC
				+ San Esteban Island mouse, *Peromyscus stephani* **CR**
				+ Pinyon mouse, *Peromyscus truei* LC
				+ Winkelmann's mouse, *Peromyscus winkelmanni* EN
				+ Yucatan deer mouse, *Peromyscus yucatanicus* LC
				+ Chiapan deer mouse, *Peromyscus zarhynchus* VU
			* Genus: *Reithrodontomys*
				+ Baker's small-toothed harvest mouse, *Reithrodontomys bakeri* EN
				+ Sonoran harvest mouse, *Reithrodontomys burti* DD
				+ Volcano harvest mouse, *Reithrodontomys chrysopsis* LC
				+ Fulvous harvest mouse, *Reithrodontomys fulvescens* LC
				+ Slender harvest mouse, *Reithrodontomys gracilis* LC
				+ Hairy harvest mouse, *Reithrodontomys hirsutus* VU
				+ Western harvest mouse, *Reithrodontomys megalotis* LC
				+ Mexican harvest mouse, *Reithrodontomys mexicanus* LC
				+ Small-toothed harvest mouse, *Reithrodontomys microdon* LC
				+ Plains harvest mouse, *Reithrodontomys montanus* LC
				+ Cozumel harvest mouse, *Reithrodontomys spectabilis* **CR**
				+ Sumichrast's harvest mouse, *Reithrodontomys sumichrasti* LC
				+ Narrow-nosed harvest mouse, *Reithrodontomys tenuirostris* VU
				+ Zacatecas harvest mouse, *Reithrodontomys zacatecae* LC
			* Genus: *Scotinomys*
				+ Alston's brown mouse, *Scotinomys teguina* LC
			* Genus: *Xenomys*
				+ Magdalena rat, *Xenomys nelsoni* EN
		- Subfamily: Sigmodontinae
			* Genus: *Handleyomys*
				+ Alfaro's rice rat, *Handleyomys alfaroi* LC
				+ Chapman's rice rat, *Handleyomys chapmani* LC
				+ Black-eared rice rat, *Handleyomys melanotis* LC
				+ Striped rice rat, *Handleyomys rhabdops* VU
				+ Long-nosed rice rat, *Handleyomys rostratus* LC
				+ Cloud forest rice rat, *Handleyomys saturatior* NT
			* Genus: *Oligoryzomys*
				+ Fulvous pygmy rice rat, *Oligoryzomys fulvescens* LC
			* Genus: *Onychomys*
				+ Chihuahuan grasshopper mouse, *Onychomys arenicola* LC
				+ Northern grasshopper mouse, *Onychomys leucogaster* LC
				+ Southern grasshopper mouse, *Onychomys torridus* LC
			* Genus: *Oryzomys*
				+ White-bellied rice rat, *Oryzomys albiventer*
				+ Coues' rice rat, *Oryzomys couesi* LC
				+ Nelson's rice rat, *Oryzomys nelsoni* EX
				+ Marsh rice rat, *Oryzomys palustris* LC
				+ Lower California rice rat, *Oryzomys peninsulae*
			* Genus: *Rheomys*
				+ Mexican water mouse, *Rheomys mexicanus* EN
				+ Thomas's water mouse, *Rheomys thomasi* NT
			* Genus: *Sigmodon*
				+ Allen's cotton rat, *Sigmodon alleni* VU
				+ Arizona cotton rat, *Sigmodon arizonae* LC
				+ Tawny-bellied cotton rat, *Sigmodon fulviventer* LC
				+ Southern cotton rat, *Sigmodon hirsutus* LC
				+ Hispid cotton rat, *Sigmodon hispidus* LC presence uncertain
				+ White-eared cotton rat, *Sigmodon leucotis* LC
				+ Jaliscan cotton rat, *Sigmodon mascotensis* LC
				+ Yellow-nosed cotton rat, *Sigmodon ochrognathus* LC
				+ Miahuatlán cotton rat, *Sigmodon planifrons* EN
				+ Toltec cotton rat, *Sigmodon toltecus* LC

#### Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two. The endangered volcano rabbit of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt is the world's second smallest rabbit. In North America, pikas are not found south of southern California and northern New Mexico.

* Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
	+ Genus: *Romerolagus*
		- Volcano rabbit, *R. diazi* **EN**
	+ Genus: *Sylvilagus*
		- Desert cottontail, *S. audubonii* **LC**
		- Brush rabbit, *S. bachmani* **LC**
			* San Jose brush rabbit, *S. b. mansuetus* **CR**
		- Mexican cottontail, *S. cunicularius* **LC**
		- Eastern cottontail, *S. floridanus* **LC**
		- Central American tapetí, *S. gabbi* **LC**
		- Tres Marias cottontail, *S. graysoni* **EN**
		- Robust cottontail, *S. holzneri* **VU** presence uncertain
		- Omilteme cottontail, *S. insonus* **EN**
	+ Genus: *Lepus*
		- Antelope jackrabbit, *L. alleni* **LC**
		- Tamaulipas jackrabbit, *L. altamirae* **NE**
		- Black-tailed jackrabbit, *L. californicus* **LC**
		- White-sided jackrabbit, *L. callotis* **NT**
		- Tehuantepec jackrabbit, *L. flavigularis* **EN**
		- Black jackrabbit, *L. insularis* **NT**

#### Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews, hedgehogs, moles, and solenodons)

Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice, hedgehogs carry spines, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers. In the Americas, moles are not present south of the northernmost tier of Mexican states, where they are rare.

* Family: Soricidae (shrews)
	+ Subfamily: Soricinae
		- Tribe: Blarinini
			* Genus: *Cryptotis*
				+ Central Mexican broad-clawed shrew, *Cryptotis alticola* DD
				+ Goldman's broad-clawed shrew, *Cryptotis goldmani* LC
				+ Goodwin's broad-clawed shrew, *Cryptotis goodwini* LC
				+ Guatemalan broad-clawed shrew, *Cryptotis griseoventris* EN
				+ Big Mexican small-eared shrew, *Cryptotis magna* VU
				+ Yucatan small-eared shrew, *Cryptotis mayensis* LC
				+ Merriam's small-eared shrew, *Cryptotis merriami* LC
				+ Mexican small-eared shrew, *Cryptotis mexicana* LC
				+ Nelson's small-eared shrew, *Cryptotis nelsoni* **CR**
				+ Grizzled Mexican small-eared shrew, *Cryptotis obscura* LC
				+ North American least shrew, *Cryptotis parva* LC
				+ Oaxacan broad-clawed shrew, *Cryptotis peregrina* DD
				+ Phillips' small-eared shrew, *Cryptotis phillipsii* VU
				+ Tropical small-eared shrew, *Cryptotis tropicalis* DD
		- Tribe: Notiosoricini
			* Genus: *Megasorex*
				+ Mexican shrew, *Megasorex gigas* LC
			* Genus: *Notiosorex*
				+ Cockrum's gray shrew, *Notiosorex cockrumi* LC
				+ Crawford's gray shrew, *Notiosorex crawfordi* LC
				+ Large-eared gray shrew, *Notiosorex evotis* LC
				+ Villa's gray shrew, *Notiosorex villai* VU
		- Tribe: Soricini
			* Genus: *Sorex*
				+ Arizona shrew, *Sorex arizonae* LC
				+ Zacatecas shrew, *Sorex emarginatus* LC
				+ *Sorex ixtlanensis* DD
				+ Large-toothed shrew, *Sorex macrodon* VU
				+ *Sorex mediopua* LC
				+ Carmen Mountain shrew, *Sorex milleri* VU
				+ Montane shrew, *Sorex monticolus* LC
				+ Mexican long-tailed shrew, *Sorex oreopolus* LC
				+ Orizaba long-tailed shrew, *Sorex orizabae* LC
				+ Ornate shrew, *Sorex ornatus* LC
				+ Saussure's shrew, *Sorex saussurei* LC
				+ Sclater's shrew, *Sorex sclateri* **CR**
				+ San Cristobal shrew, *Sorex stizodon* **CR**
				+ Chestnut-bellied shrew, *Sorex ventralis* LC
				+ Veracruz shrew, *Sorex veraecrucis* LC
				+ Verapaz shrew, *Sorex veraepacis* LC
* Family: Talpidae (moles)
	+ Subfamily: Scalopinae
		- Tribe: Scalopini
			* Genus: *Scalopus*
				+ Eastern mole, *Scalopus aquaticus* LC
			* Genus: *Scapanus*
				+ Broad-footed mole, *Scapanus latimanus* LC

#### Order: Chiroptera (bats)

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

* Family: Noctilionidae
	+ Genus: *Noctilio*
		- Lesser bulldog bat, *Noctilio albiventris* LC
		- Greater bulldog bat, *Noctilio leporinus* LC
* Family: Vespertilionidae
	+ Subfamily: Myotinae
		- Genus: *Lasionycteris*
			* Silver-haired bat, *Lasionycteris noctivagans* LC
		- Genus: *Myotis*
			* Silver-tipped myotis, *Myotis albescens* LC
			* Southwestern myotis, *Myotis auriculus* LC
			* California myotis, *Myotis californicus* LC
			* Western small-footed myotis, *Myotis ciliolabrum* LC
			* Elegant myotis, *Myotis elegans* LC
			* Long-eared myotis, *Myotis evotis* LC
			* Findley's myotis, *Myotis findleyi* EN
			* Cinnamon myotis, *Myotis fortidens* LC
			* Hairy-legged myotis, *Myotis keaysi* LC
			* Little brown bat, *Myotis lucifugus* LC
			* Dark-nosed small-footed myotis, *Myotis melanorhinus* LC
			* Black myotis, *Myotis nigricans* LC
			* Arizona myotis, *Myotis occultus* LC
			* Peninsular myotis, *Myotis peninsularis* EN
			* Flat-headed myotis, *Myotis planiceps* EN
			* Fringed myotis, *Myotis thysanodes* LC
			* Cave myotis, *Myotis velifer* LC
			* Fish-eating bat, *Myotis vivesi* VU
			* Long-legged myotis, *Myotis volans* LC
			* Yuma myotis, *Myotis yumanensis* LC
	+ Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
		- Genus: *Antrozous*
			* Pallid bat, *Antrozous pallidus* LC
		- Genus: *Bauerus*
			* Van Gelder's bat, *Bauerus dubiaquercus* NT
		- Genus: *Corynorhinus*
			* Mexican big-eared bat, *Corynorhinus mexicanus* NT
			* Townsend's big-eared bat, *Corynorhinus townsendii* LC
		- Genus: *Eptesicus*
			* Brazilian brown bat, *Eptesicus brasiliensis* LC
			* Argentine brown bat, *Eptesicus furinalis* LC
			* Big brown bat, *Eptesicus fuscus* LC
		- Genus: *Euderma*
			* Spotted bat, *Euderma maculatum* LC
		- Genus: *Idionycteris*
			* Allen's big-eared bat, *Idionycteris phyllotis* LC
		- Genus: *Lasiurus*
			* Desert red bat, *Lasiurus blossevillii* LC
			* Eastern red bat, *Lasiurus borealis* LC
			* Hoary bat, *Lasiurus cinereus* LC
			* Southern yellow bat, *Lasiurus ega* LC
			* Northern yellow bat, *Lasiurus intermedius* LC
			* Seminole bat, *Lasiurus seminolus* LC
			* Western yellow bat, *Lasiurus xanthinus* LC
		- Genus: *Nycticeius*
			* Evening bat, *Nycticeius humeralis* LC
		- Genus: *Pipistrellus*
			* Western pipistrelle, *Pipistrellus hesperus* LC
			* Eastern pipistrelle, *Pipistrellus subflavus* LC
		- Genus: *Rhogeessa*
			* Yucatan yellow bat, *Rhogeessa aeneus* LC
			* Allen's yellow bat, *Rhogeessa alleni* LC
			* Genoways's yellow bat, *Rhogeessa genowaysi* EN
			* Slender yellow bat, *Rhogeessa gracilis* LC
			* Least yellow bat, *Rhogeessa mira* VU
			* Little yellow bat, *Rhogeessa parvula* LC
			* Black-winged little yellow bat, *Rhogeessa tumida* LC
* Family: Molossidae
	+ Genus: *Cynomops*
		- Mexican dog-faced bat, *Cynomops mexicanus* LC
	+ Genus: *Eumops*
		- Black bonneted bat, *Eumops auripendulus* LC
		- Dwarf bonneted bat, *Eumops bonariensis* LC
		- Wagner's bonneted bat, *Eumops glaucinus* LC
		- Sanborn's bonneted bat, *Eumops hansae* LC
		- Western mastiff bat, *Eumops perotis* LC
		- Underwood's bonneted bat, *Eumops underwoodi* LC
	+ Genus: *Molossus*
		- Aztec mastiff bat, *Molossus aztecus* LC
		- Coiban mastiff bat, *Molossus coibensis* LC
		- Velvety free-tailed bat, *Molossus molossus* LC
		- Miller's mastiff bat, *Molossus pretiosus* LC
		- Black mastiff bat, *Molossus rufus* LC
		- Sinaloan mastiff bat, *Molossus sinaloae* LC
	+ Genus: *Nyctinomops*
		- Peale's free-tailed bat, *Nyctinomops aurispinosus* LC
		- Pocketed free-tailed bat, *Nyctinomops femorosaccus* LC
		- Broad-eared bat, *Nyctinomops laticaudatus* LC
		- Big free-tailed bat, *Nyctinomops macrotis* LC
	+ Genus: *Promops*
		- Big crested mastiff bat, *Promops centralis* LC
	+ Genus: *Tadarida*
		- Mexican free-tailed bat, *Tadarida brasiliensis* LC
* Family: Emballonuridae
	+ Genus: *Balantiopteryx*
		- Thomas's sac-winged bat, *Balantiopteryx io* VU
		- Gray sac-winged bat, *Balantiopteryx plicata* LC
	+ Genus: *Centronycteris*
		- Thomas's shaggy bat, *Centronycteris centralis* LC
	+ Genus: *Diclidurus*
		- Northern ghost bat, *Diclidurus albus* LC
	+ Genus: *Peropteryx*
		- Greater dog-like bat, *Peropteryx kappleri* LC
		- Lesser doglike bat, *Peropteryx macrotis* LC
	+ Genus: *Rhynchonycteris*
		- Proboscis bat, *Rhynchonycteris naso* LC
	+ Genus: *Saccopteryx*
		- Greater sac-winged bat, *Saccopteryx bilineata* LC
		- Lesser sac-winged bat, *Saccopteryx leptura* LC
* Family: Mormoopidae
	+ Genus: *Mormoops*
		- Ghost-faced bat, *Mormoops megalophylla* LC
	+ Genus: *Pteronotus*
		- Davy's naked-backed bat, *Pteronotus davyi* LC
		- Big naked-backed bat, *Pteronotus gymnonotus* LC
		- Parnell's mustached bat, *Pteronotus parnellii* LC
		- Wagner's mustached bat, *Pteronotus personatus* LC
* Family: Phyllostomidae
	+ Subfamily: Phyllostominae
		- Genus: *Chrotopterus*
			* Big-eared woolly bat, *Chrotopterus auritus* LC
		- Genus: *Glyphonycteris*
			* Tricolored big-eared bat, *Glyphonycteris sylvestris* LC
		- Genus: *Lampronycteris*
			* Yellow-throated big-eared bat, *Lampronycteris brachyotis* LC
		- Genus: *Lonchorhina*
			* Tomes's sword-nosed bat, *Lonchorhina aurita* LC
		- Genus: *Lophostoma*
			* Pygmy round-eared bat, *Lophostoma brasiliense* LC
			* Davis's round-eared bat, *Lophostoma evotis* LC
		- Genus: *Macrophyllum*
			* Long-legged bat, *Macrophyllum macrophyllum* LC
		- Genus: *Macrotus*
			* California leaf-nosed bat, *Macrotus californicus* LC
			* Waterhouse's leaf-nosed bat, *Macrotus waterhousii* LC
		- Genus: *Micronycteris*
			* Common big-eared bat, *Micronycteris microtis* LC
			* Schmidts's big-eared bat, *Micronycteris schmidtorum* LC
		- Genus: *Mimon*
			* Cozumelan golden bat, *Mimon cozumelae* LC
			* Striped hairy-nosed bat, *Mimon crenulatum* LC
		- Genus: *Phylloderma*
			* Pale-faced bat, *Phylloderma stenops* LC
		- Genus: *Phyllostomus*
			* Pale spear-nosed bat, *Phyllostomus discolor* LC
		- Genus: *Tonatia*
			* Stripe-headed round-eared bat, *Tonatia saurophila* LC
		- Genus: *Trachops*
			* Fringe-lipped bat, *Trachops cirrhosus* LC
		- Genus: *Trinycteris*
			* Niceforo's big-eared bat, *Trinycteris nicefori* LC
		- Genus: *Vampyrum*
			* Spectral bat, *Vampyrum spectrum* NT
	+ Subfamily: Glossophaginae
		- Genus: *Anoura*
			* Geoffroy's tailless bat, *Anoura geoffroyi* LC
		- Genus: *Choeroniscus*
			* Godman's long-tailed bat, *Choeroniscus godmani* LC
		- Genus: *Choeronycteris*
			* Mexican long-tongued bat, *Choeronycteris mexicana* NT
		- Genus: *Glossophaga*
			* Commissaris's long-tongued bat, *Glossophaga commissarisi* LC
			* Gray long-tongued bat, *Glossophaga leachii* LC
			* Western long-tongued bat, *Glossophaga morenoi* LC
			* Pallas's long-tongued bat, *Glossophaga soricina* LC
		- Genus: *Hylonycteris*
			* Underwood's long-tongued bat, *Hylonycteris underwoodi* LC
		- Genus: *Leptonycteris*
			* Greater long-nosed bat, *Leptonycteris nivalis* EN
			* Lesser long-nosed bat, *Leptonycteris yerbabuenae* VU
		- Genus: *Lichonycteris*
			* Dark long-tongued bat, *Lichonycteris obscura* LC
		- Genus: *Musonycteris*
			* Banana bat, *Musonycteris harrisoni* VU
	+ Subfamily: Carolliinae
		- Genus: *Carollia*
			* Seba's short-tailed bat, *Carollia perspicillata* LC
			* Sowell's short-tailed bat, *Carollia sowelli* LC
			* Gray short-tailed bat, *Carollia subrufa* LC
	+ Subfamily: Stenodermatinae
		- Genus: *Artibeus*
			* Hairy fruit-eating bat, *Artibeus hirsutus* LC
			* Jamaican fruit bat, *Artibeus jamaicensis* LC
			* Great fruit-eating bat, *Artibeus lituratus* LC
		- Genus: *Centurio*
			* Wrinkle-faced bat, *Centurio senex* LC
		- Genus: *Chiroderma*
			* Salvin's big-eyed bat, *Chiroderma salvini* LC
			* Hairy big-eyed bat, *Chiroderma villosum* LC
		- Genus: *Dermanura*
			* Aztec fruit-eating bat, *Dermanura azteca* LC
			* Pygmy fruit-eating bat, *Dermanura phaeotis* LC
			* Toltec fruit-eating bat, *Dermanura tolteca* LC
			* Thomas's fruit-eating bat, *Dermanura watsoni* LC
		- Genus: *Enchisthenes*
			* Velvety fruit-eating bat, *Enchisthenes hartii* LC
		- Genus: *Platyrrhinus*
			* Heller's broad-nosed bat, *Platyrrhinus helleri* LC
		- Genus: *Sturnira*
			* Little yellow-shouldered bat, *Sturnira lilium* LC
			* Highland yellow-shouldered bat, *Sturnira ludovici* LC
		- Genus: *Uroderma*
			* Tent-making bat, *Uroderma bilobatum* LC
			* Brown tent-making bat, *Uroderma magnirostrum* LC
		- Genus: *Vampyressa*
			* Northern little yellow-eared bat, *Vampyressa thyone* LC
		- Genus: *Vampyrodes*
			* Great stripe-faced bat, *Vampyrodes caraccioli* LC
	+ Subfamily: Desmodontinae
		- Genus: *Desmodus*
			* Common vampire bat, *Desmodus rotundus* LC
		- Genus: *Diaemus*
			* White-winged vampire bat, *Diaemus youngi* LC
		- Genus: *Diphylla*
			* Hairy-legged vampire bat, *Diphylla ecaudata* LC
* Family: Natalidae
	+ Genus: *Natalus*
		- *Natalus lanatus* LC
		- Mexican greater funnel-eared bat, *Natalus mexicanus* LC
* Family: Thyropteridae
	+ Genus: *Thyroptera*
		- Spix's disk-winged bat, *Thyroptera tricolor* LC

#### Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition. Mexico has more native mephitids than any other country, with two thirds of extant species being present. Only Costa Rica and Panama have more procyonid species (one more) than Mexico (it is tied with Colombia in this respect). Large extinct carnivorans that lived in the area prior to the coming of humans include the saber-toothed cat *Smilodon fatalis*, the scimitar cat *Homotherium serum*, American lions, American cheetahs, dire wolves and short-faced bears.

* Suborder: Feliformia
	+ Family: Felidae (cats)
		- Subfamily: Felinae
			* Genus: *Herpailurus*
				+ Jaguarundi, *H. yagouaroundi* **LC**
			* Genus: *Leopardus*
				+ Ocelot, *L. pardalis* **LC**
				+ Margay, *L. wiedii* **NT**
			* Genus: *Lynx*
				+ Bobcat, *L. rufus* **LC**
			* Genus: *Puma*
				+ Cougar, *P. concolor* **LC**
		- Subfamily: Pantherinae
			* Genus: *Panthera*
				+ Jaguar, *P. onca* **NT**
* Suborder: Caniformia
	+ Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
		- Genus: *Canis*
			* Coyote, *C. latrans* **LC**
			* Gray wolf, *C. lupus* **LC** reintroduced
				+ Mexican wolf, *C. l. baileyi* reintroduced
		- Genus: *Urocyon*
			* Gray fox, *U. cinereoargenteus* **LC**
		- Genus: *Vulpes*
			* Kit fox, *V. macrotis* **LC**
	+ Family: Ursidae (bears)
		- Genus: *Ursus*
			* American black bear, *U. americanus* **LC**
			* Brown bear, *U. arctos* extirpated
				+ California grizzly bear, *U. a. californicus* **EX**
				+ Mexican grizzly bear, *U. a. horriblis* **EX**
	+ Family: Mephitidae
		- Genus: *Conepatus*
			* American hog-nosed skunk, *C. leuconotus* **LC**
			* Striped hog-nosed skunk, *C. semistriatus* **LC**
		- Genus: *Mephitis*
			* Hooded skunk, *M. macroura* **LC**
			* Striped skunk, *M. mephitis* **LC**
		- Genus: *Spilogale*
			* Southern spotted skunk, *S. angustifrons* **LC**
			* Western spotted skunk, *S. gracilis* **LC**
			* Eastern spotted skunk, *S. putorius* **LC**
			* Pygmy spotted skunk, *S. pygmaea* **VU**
	+ Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
		- Genus: *Eira*
			* Tayra, *E. barbara* **LC**
		- Genus: *Enhydra*
			* Sea otter, *E. lutris* **EN**
		- Genus: *Galictis*
			* Greater grison, *G. vittata* **LC**
		- Genus: *Lontra*
			* North American river otter, *L. canadensis* **LC** presence uncertain
			* Neotropical river otter, *L. longicaudis* **NT**
		- Genus: *Mustela*
			* Black-footed ferret, *M. nigripes* **EN** extirpated
		- Genus: *Neogale*
			* Long-tailed weasel, *N. frenata* **LC**
		- Genus: *Taxidea*
			* American badger, *T. taxus* **LC**
	+ Family: Procyonidae (raccoons)
		- Genus: *Bassariscus*
			* Ringtail, *B. astutus* **LC**
			* Cacomistle, *B. sumichrasti* **LC**
		- Genus: *Nasua*
			* White-nosed coati, *N. narica* **LC**
				+ Cozumel Island coati, *N. n. nelsoni*
		- Genus: *Potos*
			* Kinkajou, *P. flavus* **LC**
		- Genus: *Procyon*
			* Common raccoon, *P. lotor* **LC**
				+ Tres Marias raccoon, *P. l. insularis*
			* Cozumel raccoon, *P. pygmaeus* **CR**
	+ Clade Pinnipedia (seals, sea lions and walruses)
		- Family: Otariidae (eared seals, sea lions)
			* Genus: *Arctocephalus*
				+ Galápagos fur seal, *A. galapagoensis* **EN** vagrant
				+ Guadalupe fur seal, *A. townsendi* **LC**
			* Genus: *Callorhinus*
				+ Northern fur seal, *C. ursinus* **VU**
			* Genus: *Zalophus*
				+ California sea lion, *Z. californianus* **LC**
		- Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
			* Genus: *Mirounga*
				+ Northern elephant seal, *M. angustirostris* **LC**
			* Genus: *Neomonachus*
				+ Caribbean monk seal, *N. tropicalis* **EX**
			* Genus: *Phoca*
				+ Harbor seal, *P. vitulina* **LC**

#### Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe. Tapirids were more widespread before humans appeared, formerly being present in temperate North America as well as the tropical regions they are found in today. Native equids once lived in the region, having evolved in North America over a period of 50 million years, but died out around the time of the first arrival of humans, along with at least one ungulate of South American origin, the notoungulate *Mixotoxodon*. Sequencing of collagen from a fossil of one recently extinct notoungulate has indicated that this order was closer to the perissodactyls than any extant mammal order.

* Family: Tapiridae (tapirs)
	+ Genus: *Tapirus*
		- Baird's tapir, *T. bairdii* **EN**

#### Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates and cetaceans)

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 noncetacean artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans. All of Mexico's extant ungulates are of Nearctic origin. Prior to the arrival of humans, camelids, which evolved in North America, also lived in the region, as did additional antilocaprids (e.g., *Capromeryx minor*).

* Family: Tayassuidae (peccaries)
	+ Genus: *Dicotyles*
		- Collared peccary, *D. tajacu* **LC**
	+ Genus: *Tayassu*
		- White-lipped peccary, *T. pecari* **NT**
* Family: Cervidae (deer)
	+ Subfamily: Cervinae
		- Genus: *Cervus*
			* Elk, *C. canadensis* **LC** extirpated
				+ Merriam's elk, *C. c. merriami* **EX**
	+ Subfamily: Capreolinae
		- Genus: *Mazama*
			* Central American red brocket, *M. temama* **DD**
		- Genus: *Odocoileus*
			* Mule deer, *O. hemionus* **LC**
			* Yucatan brown brocket, *O. pandora* **VU**
			* White-tailed deer, *O. virginianus* **LC**
* Family: Antilocapridae (pronghorn)
	+ Genus: *Antilocapra*
		- Pronghorn, *A. americana* **LC** reintroduced
			* Mexican pronghorn, *A. a. mexicana* **EN**
			* Baja California pronghorn, *A. a. peninsularis* **CR**
			* Sonoran pronghorn, *A. a. sonoriensis* **EN**
* Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
	+ Subfamily: Bovinae
		- Genus: *Bison*
			* American bison, *B. bison* **NT**
				+ Plains bison, *B. b. bison* reintroduced
	+ Subfamily: Caprinae
		- Genus: *Ovis*
			* Bighorn sheep, *O. canadensis* **LC**
				+ Desert bighorn sheep, *O. c. nelsoni* **EN**

#### Order: Cetacea (whales, dolphins and porpoises)

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater. Their closest extant relatives are the hippos, which are artiodactyls, from which cetaceans descended; cetaceans are thus also artiodactyls. Lagoons on the coast of Baja California Sur provide calving grounds for the eastern Pacific population of gray whales. The vaquita of the northern Gulf of California is the world's smallest and most endangered cetacean.

* Parvorder: Mysticeti
	+ Family: Balaenopteridae
		- Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
			* Genus: *Balaenoptera*
				+ Northern minke whale, *Balaenoptera acutorostrata* LC
				+ Sei whale, *Balaenoptera borealis*  EN
				+ Bryde's whale, *Balaenoptera edeni* DD critically endangered population in Gulf of Mexico
				+ Blue whale, *Balaenoptera musculus* EN
				+ Fin whale, *Balaneoptera physalus*
					- Northern fin whale, *B. p. physalus* VU
		- Subfamily: Megapterinae
			* Genus: *Megaptera*
				+ Humpback whale, *Megaptera novaeangliae* LC
	+ Family: Eschrichtiidae
		- Genus: *Eschrichtius*
			* Gray whale, *Eschrichtius robustus* LC
	+ Family: Balaenidae
		- Genus: *Eubalaena*
			* North Pacific right whale, *Eubalaena japonica* **CR** extremely rare
			* North Atlantic right whale, *Eubalaena glacialis* **CR** possibly seen historically
* Parvorder: Odontoceti
	+ Family: Physeteridae (sperm whales)
		- Genus: *Physeter*
			* Sperm whale, *Physeter macrocephalus* VU
	+ Family: Kogiidae
		- Genus: *Kogia*
			* Pygmy sperm whale, *Kogia breviceps* DD
			* Dwarf sperm whale, *Kogia sima* DD
	+ Family: Ziphidae
		- Genus: *Ziphius*
			* Cuvier's beaked whale, *Ziphius cavirostris* LC
		- Genus: *Berardius*
			* Baird's beaked whale, *Berardius bairdii* DD
		- Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
			* Genus: *Indopacetus*
				+ Tropical bottlenose whale, *Indopacetus pacificus* DD
			* Genus: *Mesoplodon*
				+ Blainville's beaked whale, *Mesoplodon densirostris* DD
				+ Gervais' beaked whale, *Mesoplodon europaeus* DD
				+ Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale, *Mesoplodon ginkgodens* DD
				+ Pygmy beaked whale, *Mesoplodon peruvianus* DD
	+ Superfamily: Delphinoidea
		- Family: Phocoenidae (porpoises)
			* Genus: *Phocoena*
				+ Vaquita, *P. sinus* **CR**
			* Genus: *Phocoenoides*
				+ Dall's porpoise, *Phocoenoides dalli* LC
		- Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
			* Genus: *Steno*
				+ Rough-toothed dolphin, *Steno bredanensis* LC
			* Genus: *Tursiops*
				+ Bottlenose dolphin, *Tursiops truncatus* LC
			* Genus: *Stenella*
				+ Pantropical spotted dolphin, *Stenella attenuata* LC
				+ Clymene dolphin, *Stenella clymene* DD
				+ Striped dolphin, *Stenella coeruleoalba* LC
				+ Atlantic spotted dolphin, *Stenella frontalis* DD
				+ Spinner dolphin, *Stenella longirostris* DD
			* Genus: *Delphinus*
				+ Long-beaked common dolphin, *Delphinus capensis* DD
				+ Short-beaked common dolphin, *Delphinus delphis* LC
			* Genus: *Lagenodelphis*
				+ Fraser's dolphin, *Lagenodelphis hosei* LC
			* Genus: *Lissodelphis*
				+ Northern right whale dolphin, *Lissodelphis borealis* LC
			* Genus: *Sagmatias*
				+ Pacific white-sided dolphin, *Sagmatias obliquidens* LC
			* Genus: *Grampus*
				+ Risso's dolphin, *Grampus griseus* LC
			* Genus: *Peponocephala*
				+ Melon-headed whale, *Peponocephala electra* LC
			* Genus: *Feresa*
				+ Pygmy killer whale, *Feresa attenuata* DD
			* Genus: *Pseudorca*
				+ False killer whale, *Pseudorca crassidens* DD
			* Genus: *Orcinus*
				+ Orca, *Orcinus orca* DD
			* Genus: *Globicephala*
				+ Short-finned pilot whale, *Globicephala macrorhynchus* DD

## See also

* List of chordate orders
* List of prehistoric mammals
* Lists of mammals by region
* Mammal classification
* List of mammals described in the 2000s

## Notes

1. ↑  As of 2014-05-10, the IUCN lists 491 noncetacean species for Mexico (area 1,972,550 km2) and 398 for the U.S. plus Canada (area 19,811,345 km2).
2. ↑  This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
3. ↑  This is based on the definition of Sigmodontinae that excludes Neotominae and Tylomyinae.

## References

1. ↑ Gaston, Kevin J. (11 May 2000). "Global patterns in biodiversity". *Nature*. **405** (6783): 220–227. doi:10.1038/35012228. PMID 10821282.
2. ↑ Johnson, Chris (2014-08-03). "Report: Vaquita population declines to less than 100". *Vaquita: Last Chance for the Desert Porpoise*. earthOcean. Archived from the original on 2014-08-12. Retrieved 2014-08-11.
3. ↑ "Report of the Fifth Meeting of the Comité Internacional para la Recuperación de la Vaquita". Ensenada, Baja California: Comité Internacional para la Recuperación de la Vaquita (CIRVA). 2014-08-03. http://vaquita.tv/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Report-of-the-Fifth-Meeting-of-CIRVA.pdf.
4. ↑ Polaco, O. J.; Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Corona-M., E.; López-Oliva, J. G. (2001). "The American Mastodon *Mammut americanum* in Mexico" (PDF). In Cavarretta, G.; Gioia, P.; Mussi, M.; et al. *The World of Elephants – Proceedings of the 1st International Congress, Rome October 16–20, 2001*. Rome: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. pp. 237–242. ISBN 978-88-8080-025-5.
5. ↑ Graham, R. W. (2001). "Late Quaternary Biogeography and Extinction of Proboscideans in North America" (PDF). In Cavarretta, G.; Gioia, P.; Mussi, M.; et al. *The World of Elephants (La Terra degli Elefanti) - Proceedings of the 1st International Congress (Atti del 1° Congresso Internazionale), Rome October 16–20, 2001*. Rome: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. pp. 707–709. ISBN 978-88-8080-025-5.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Poux, C.; Chevret, P.; Huchon, D.; De Jong, W. W.; Douzery, E. J. P. (2006). "Arrival and Diversification of Caviomorph Rodents and Platyrrhine Primates in South America" (PDF). *Systematic Biology*. **55** (2): 228–244. doi:10.1080/10635150500481390 . PMID 16551580. Retrieved 2011-10-25.
7. ↑ Mangels, J. (2011-10-15). "Case Western Reserve University expert uses fossil teeth to recast history of rodent". Cleveland Live, Inc. Retrieved 2011-10-25.
8. ↑ Trillmich, F.; IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group (2008). "*Arctocephalus galapagoensis*". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2008**. Retrieved 30 January 2009.
9. ↑ Welker, F.; Collins, M. J.; Thomas, J. A.; Wadsley, M.; Brace, S.; Cappellini, E.; Turvey, S. T.; Reguero, M.; Gelfo, J. N.; Kramarz, A.; Burger, J.; Thomas-Oates, J.; Ashford, D. A.; Ashton, P. D.; Rowsell, K.; Porter, D. M.; Kessler, B.; Fischer, R.; Baessmann, C.; Kaspar, S.; Olsen, J. V.; Kiley, P.; Elliott, J. A.; Kelstrup, C. D.; Mullin, V.; Hofreiter, M.; Willerslev, E.; Hublin, J.-J.; Orlando, L.; Barnes, I.; MacPhee, R. D. E. (2015-03-18). "Ancient proteins resolve the evolutionary history of Darwin's South American ungulates". *Nature*. **522** (7554): 81–84. Bibcode:2015Natur.522...81W. doi:10.1038/nature14249. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 25799987.
10. ↑ Good, Caroline (2008). "Spatial Ecology of the North Atlantic Right Whale (*Eubalaena glacialis*)". Duke University: 35, 47–48. hdl:10161/588.

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