Jupiter

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**Jupiter** is the fifth and the largest planet in the entire solar system. Jupiter was discovered in the prehistoric era, much like Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars and Saturn. Jupiter weighs heavier than every planet in the solar system twice. Jupiter's largest storm, known as the "Great Red Spot", has been ongoing for nearly 400 Years, although the storm is shrinking when data collected from other spacecrafts.

 Discovery Date
 Known Moons
 Orbital Period
 Inclination
 Eccentricity
 Object that Orbits
 Synodic Rotation Period
 Axial Tilt
 Albedo
 Apparent Magnitude
 Absolute Magnitude

## **Satellites**

*Main article: Moons of Jupiter*

Jupiter has 95 confirmed moons, and it may have even more as observations and new discoveries are becoming better and better. Jupiter's moons are divided into 9 orbital groups.

### **Amalthea Group**

The Amalthea Group, also known as the "Inner Group", contains 4 moons that follows a similar orbital characteristics as Amalthea, the largest moon of the group. These are:

* Metis (*S/1979 J 3*)
* Adrastea (*S/1979 J 1*)
* **Amalthea**
* Thebe (*S/1979 J 2*)

### **Galilean Moons**

The Galilean Group consists of the 4 largest moons of Jupiter that follows a similar orbital characteristics to each other. These are:

* **Io**
* **Europa**
* **Ganymede**
* **Callisto**

### **Themisto Group**

The Themisto Group only contains itself.

* **Themisto** (*S/1975 J 1* = *S/2000 J 1*)

### **Himalia Group**

The Himalia Group is a collection of irregular prograde moons consisting of 9 moons that follows a similar orbital characteristics as Himalia, the largest moon of the group. These are:

* Leda
* Ersa (*S/2018 J 1*)
* *S/2018 J 2*
* **Himalia**
* Pandia (*S/2017 J 4*)
* Lysithea
* Elara
* *S/2011 J 3*
* Dia (*S/2000 J 11*)

### **Carpo Group**

The Carpo Group is a small group of irregularly inclined prograde moons consisting of only 2 moons that follows a similar orbital characteristics as Carpo, the largest moon of the group. These are:

* **Carpo** (*S/2003 J 20*)
* *S/2018 J 4*

### **Valetudo Group**

The Valetudo Group only contains itself.

* **Valetudo** (*S/2016 J 2*)

### **Ananke Group**

The Ananke group is a collection of irregular retrograde moons consisting of 26 moons that follows a similar orbital characteristics as Ananke, the largest member of the group. These are:

* Euporie (*S/2001 J 10*)
* *S/2003 J 18*
* Eupheme (*S/2003 J 3*)
* *S/2021 J 3*
* *S/2010 J 2*
* *S/2016 J 1*
* Mneme (*S/2003 J 21*)
* Euanthe (*S/2001 J 7*)
* *S/2003 J 16*
* Harpalyke (*S/2000 J 5*)
* Orthosie (*S/2001 J 9*)
* Helike (*S/2003 J 6*)
* *S/2021 J 2*
* Praxidike (*S/2000 J 7*)
* *S/2017 J 3*
* *S/2021 J 1*
* *S/2003 J 12*
* *S/2017 J 7*
* Thelxinoe (*S/2003 J 22*)
* Thyone (*S/2001 J 2*)
* *S/2003 J 2*
* **Ananke**
* *S/2022 J 3*
* Iocaste (*S/2000 J 3*)
* Hermippe (*S/2001 J 3*)
* *S/2017 J 9*

### **Carme Group**

The Carme Group is a collection of irregular retrograde moons and currently the largest moon group of Jupiter consisting of 30 moons and follows a similar orbital characteristics as Carme, the largest member of the group. These are:

* *S/2016 J 3*
* *S/2022 J 1*
* Pasithee (*S/2001 J 6*)
* *S/2017 J 8*
* *S/2021 J 6*
* *S/2003 J 24*
* Chaldene (*S/2000 J 10*)
* *S/2017 J 2*
* Isonoe (*S/2000 J 6*)
* *S/2022 J 2*
* *S/2021 J 4*
* Kallichore (*S/2003 J 11*)
* Erinome (*S/2000 J 3*)
* Kale (*S/2001 J 8*)
* Eirene (*S/2003 J 5*)
* Aitne (*S/2001 J 11*)
* Eukelade (*S/2003 J 1*)
* Arche (*S/2002 J 1*)
* Taygete (*S/2000 J 9*)
* *S/2011 J 1*
* **Carme**
* Herse (*S/2003 J 17*)
* *S/2003 J 19*
* *S/2010 J 1*
* *S/2003 J 9*
* *S/2017 J 5*
* Kalyke (*S/2000 J 2*)
* *S/2018 J 3*
* *S/2021 J 5*
* *S/2003 J 10*

### **Pasiphae Group**

The Pasiphae Group is a collection of retrograde irregular moons consisting of 18 moons having a similar orbital characteristics as Pasiphae, the largest member of the group. These are:

* Philophrosyne (*S/2003 J 15*)
* Eurydome (*S/2001 J 4*)
* *S/2011 J 2*
* *S/2003 J 4*
* *S/2016 J 4*
* *S/2017 J 6*
* Hegemone (*S/2003 J 8*)
* **Pasiphae**
* Sponde (*S/2001 J 5*)
* Megaclite (*S/2000 J 8*)
* Cyllene (*S/2003 J 13*)
* Sinope
* *S/2017 J 1*
* Aoede (*S/2003 J 7*)
* Autonoe (*S/2001 J 1*)
* Callirrhoe (*S/1999 J 1*)
* *S/2003 J 23*
* Kore (*S/2003 J 14*)

## **Exploration**

**9** spacecrafts had visited Jupiter. These are:

* *Pioneer 10*: December 4, 1973 (**Flyby**)
* *Pioneer 11*: December 3, 1974 (**Flyby**)
* *Voyager 1*: March 5, 1979 (**Flyby**)
* *Voyager 2*: July 9, 1979 (**Flyby**)
* *Galileo*: December 7, 1995 ― September 21, 2003
* *Ulysses*: February 8, 1992 (**Flyby**)
* *Cassini–Huygens*: December 30, 2000 (**Flyby**)
* *New Horizons*: February 28, 2007 (**Flyby**)
* *Juno*: July 4, 2016

## **Rings**

The rings of Jupiter are very very faint. Metis and Adrastea are the only known shepherd moons of Jupiter's rings.

 Galilean Moons (4)
 Themisto Group (1)
 Himalia Group (9)
 Carpo Group (2)
 Valetudo Group (1)
 Ananke Group (26)
 Carme Group (30)
 Pasiphae Group (18)