SS Cleveland

**SS *Cleveland*** was a German transatlantic ocean liner that was launched in 1908 and scrapped in 1933. *Cleveland* was built for the Hamburg America Line (HAPAG) as a sister ship for *Cincinnati*.

Captain Christian Dempwolf of the SS *Moltke* was appointed as captain of the *Cleveland* in late August 1909.

In 1919 *Cleveland* became the troop ship **USS *Mobile* (ID-4030)**. In 1920 it returned to civilian service as the UK liner ***King Alexander***. In 1923 United American Lines bought her and restored it original name *Cleveland*.

In 1926 HAPAG bought *Cleveland* back. It was laid up from 1931 and scrapped in 1933.

## Building

Blohm & Voss built *Cleveland* at Hamburg. She was launched on 26 September 1908, two months after her sister *Cincinnati*.

*Cleveland*'s registered length was 588.9 ft (179.5 m), her beam was 65.3 ft (19.9 m) and her depth was 46.6 ft (14.2 m). Her tonnages were 16,970 GRT and 10,145 NRT. As built, she had berths for 2,827 passengers: 246 first class, 332 second class, 448 third class and 1,801 steerage class. She also had 29,577 cubic feet (838 m3) of refrigerated hold space for perishable cargo.

*Cleveland* had twin screws, each driven by a quadruple expansion steam engine. They gave her a speed of 16 knots (30 km/h).

## Early Career

*Cleveland* began her maiden voyage from Hamburg to New York on 27 March 1909. She spent the next five years mostly in scheduled transatlantic service.

*Cleveland* also made six cruises around the World. On 24 January 1912 she was being moved in Honolulu Harbor when her pilot, Milton P Sanders, died of a heart attack. As a result, control of *Cleveland* was lost, and her bow collided with the stern of the cruiser USS *Colorado*.

By 1913 *Cleveland* was equipped for wireless telegraphy. Her call sign was DDV.

HAPAG had scheduled further World cruises for *Cleveland* and her sister for 1915. *Cleveland* was due to leave Hamburg on 14 January 1915 and return on 4 June. Instead, in the First World War HAPAG suspended its passenger services and *Cleveland* was laid up in Hamburg.

## War reparations

In 1919 the United States Government seized *Cincinnati* as World War I reparations. She was converted at Liverpool, England into a troop ship with berths for 4,620 troops, and commissioned as USS *Mobile*.

*Mobile* made nine transatlantic crossings from France to the USA, repatriating a total of 21,073 US troops. In November 1919 she was decommissioned and relinquished to the United States Shipping Board.

White Star Line briefly chartered *Mobile*, and then the Byron Steamship Company bought her and renamed her *King Alexander* after Alexander of Greece. The company was a UK-based subsidiary of the National Greek Line. Hence *King Alexander* was registered in London but her new route was between Greece and the USA.

In 1923 United American Lines bought *King Alexander* and restored her original name *Cleveland*. Prohibition in the United States had begun in 1920, so UAL registered her in Panama to enable her to serve liquor aboard. UAL had *Cleveland* refitted in Hamburg and restored to her Hamburg – New York route.

## Final years

In 1926 HAPAG bought back *Cleveland* and two other former HAPAG passenger liners from UAL for ℛℳ 10 million.

In 1929 a Bauer-Wach exhaust turbine system was added to each of *Cleveland*'s engines. Exhaust steam from the low-pressure cylinder drove a turbine, which via double-reduction gearing and a Föttinger fluid coupling drove the same shaft as the reciprocating engine. The two turbines increased *Cleveland*'s total installed power to 2,046 NHP.

*Cleveland* was laid up from 1931. In 1933 HAPAG sold her back to Blohm & Voss for scrap.