recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
American mythology

American mythology states that all differences are skin deep and that if you put all people into a giant melting pot then everyone will get along and only the hard working will rise to the top and become rich.

In reality all differences are not skin deep. There are deep psychological differences between people. Some are autistic, some are schizoid, some are undomesticated, some have aspergers, and some are all four. Some are born with infinite mental energy and some with none at all. Some can get away with murder and some go to jail for ripping the tag off their mattress. In reality most people that are not born with just the right genes have no chance of upward mobility at all.

A better system would be to separate and segregate people according to psychological type so each can live according to their own laws and customs and can raise their children properly. (Autistic children require a different upbringing than non-autistic children.)

In the current system politicians dont ask for what they really want because they know that they will have to compromise with the other party so instead they ask for ten times what they actually want and everyone ends up arguing and slinging mud at each other and trying to make a big deal out of every little thing that the other side does.

If we had a proper system where people that deeply disagree can simply separate and form their own states, cities, neighborhoods, and or even just buildings and live there by their own system of laws (the laws in a bar would be different from the laws in a church) then there would be no need for compromise and the system wouldnt be so polarizing. (Of course there would still need to be a federal government with universal laws that apply to everyone).

Civilized laws are laws that do not give any one person or any one group of people any special rights above what all others have. The more a society treats everyone as equals the more civilized it is. Equal pay for equal work. Equal punishment for equal crimes.

But treating everyone as equals is not the same thing as treating everyone exactly the same. If we treated everyone the way that extroverts want to be treated then people who are introverted would suffer. Treating everyone as if they were exactly the same is pseudo-civilization

Other American mythologies are:

* People are lazy and must be threatened and sometimes beaten to make them work.
* That some men are sexually attracted to other men
* That some women are sexually attracted to other women
* That some adults are sexually attracted to children (Child molestation is an act of terrorism)
* That justice is about vengeance and torture. See Discipline
* That to be equal people must be treated exactly the same. Introverts and extroverts dont want to be treated the same.
Accidental scalping

Accidental scalping has become a public health issue in Brazil along the Amazon River, where numerous boaters have been scalped after becoming ensnared by propellers or motors of unregulated watercraft.

## External links

* https://www.vice.com/en\_ca/article/yv57jm/scalps-ahoy-0000323-v19n8
* https://www.livescience.com/60773-scalp-ripped-from-woman-head-repaired.html
* https://www.foxnews.com/world/girl-9-has-scalp-reattached-after-her-hair-got-caught-in-tractor-in-freak-farm-accident
* https://www.wdsu.com/article/girls-scalp-ripped-off-during-horrific-carnival-ride-accident/3233313
Avoidance coping

In psychology, **avoidance/avoidant coping** or **escape coping** is a maladaptive coping mechanism characterized by the effort to avoid dealing with a stressor. *Coping* refers to behaviors that attempt to protect oneself from psychological damage. Alternatives to avoidance coping include modifying or eliminating the conditions that gave rise to the problem and changing the perception of an experience in a way that neutralizes the problem.

Avoidance coping, including social withdrawal, is an aspect of avoidant personality disorder, but not everyone who displays such behaviors meets the definition of having a personality disorder. Post-traumatic stress disorder may include avoidance coping behavior: PTSD sufferers may draw into themselves, avoiding the trauma and partaking in cognitive or behavioral avoidance coping.

## Therapy

Cognitive behavioral and psychoanalytic therapy are used to help those coping by avoidance to acknowledge, comprehend, and express their emotions. Acceptance and commitment therapy, a behavioral therapy that focuses on breaking down avoidance coping and showing it to be an unhealthy method for dealing with traumatic experiences, is also sometimes used.

Both active-cognitive and active-behavioral coping are used as replacement techniques for avoidance coping. Active-cognitive coping includes changing one's attitude towards a stressful event and looking for any positive impacts. Active-behavioral coping refers taking positive actions after finding out more about the situation.

## Beneficial forms of avoidance coping

Literature on coping often classifies coping strategies into two broad categories: approach/active coping and avoidance/passive coping. Approach coping includes behaviors that attempt to reduce stress by alleviating the problem directly, and avoidance coping includes behaviors that reduce stress by distancing oneself from the problem. Traditionally, approach coping has been seen as the healthiest and most beneficial way to reduce stress, while avoidance coping has been associated with negative personality traits, potentially harmful activities, and generally poorer outcomes. However, research has shown that some types of avoidance coping have beneficial outcomes. A study by Long and Haney found that both jogging and relaxation techniques were equally successful at reducing anxiety and increasing feelings of self-efficacy. Therefore, it seems that positive forms of passive coping such as exercise and meditation have qualitatively different outcomes from negative forms such as binge eating and drug use. These positive forms of passive coping may be particularly beneficial for alleviating stress when the individual does not currently have the resources to eliminate the problem directly, indicating the advantage of flexibility when engaging in coping behaviors.
Antileukotriene

An **antileukotriene**, also known as **leukotriene modifier** and **leukotriene receptor antagonist**, is a medication which functions as a leukotriene-related enzyme inhibitor (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) or leukotriene receptor antagonist (cysteinyl leukotriene receptors) and consequently opposes the function of these inflammatory mediators; leukotrienes are produced by the immune system and serve to promote bronchoconstriction, inflammation, microvascular permeability, and mucus secretion in asthma and COPD. Leukotriene receptor antagonists are sometimes colloquially referred to as *leukasts*.

Leukotriene receptor antagonists, such as montelukast, zafirlukast, and pranlukast,
and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors, like zileuton and *Hypericum perforatum*, can be used to treat these diseases. They are less effective than corticosteroids for treating asthma, but more effective for treating certain mast cell disorders.

## Approaches

There are two main approaches to block the actions of leukotrienes.

### Inhibition of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway

From Wikipedia:Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor

**Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors** are compounds that slow or stop the action of the arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (5-lipoxygenase or 5-LOX) enzyme, which is responsible for the production of inflammatory leukotrienes. The overproduction of leukotrienes is a major cause of inflammation in asthma and allergic rhinitis and Osteoarthritis.

Examples of 5-LOX inhibitors include the pharmaceutical drugs meclofenamate sodium and zileuton.

Some chemicals found in trace amounts in food, as well as some dietary supplements, have been shown to inhibit 5-LOX; these include baicalein, caffeic acid, curcumin, hyperforin and St John's wort.

**acetyl-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA)**, one of the bioactive boswellic acids found in Boswellia serrata (indian Frankincense) has been found to inhibit 5-lipoxygenase strongly. Boswellia administration has been shown to reduce brain edema in patiants irradiated for brain tumor and it's believed to be due to 5-lipoxygenase inhibition.

### Antagonism of cysteinyl-leukotriene type 1 receptors

Agents such as montelukast and zafirlukast block the actions of cysteinyl leukotrienes at the CysLT1 receptor on target cells such as bronchial smooth muscle via receptor antagonism.

These modifiers have been shown to improve asthma symptoms, reduce asthma exacerbations and limit markers of inflammation such as eosinophil counts in the peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. This demonstrates that they have anti-inflammatory properties.
ACE2

**Angiotensin converting enzyme 2** (**ACE2**) is an enzyme attached to cell membranes of the outer surface tissues of lungs, arteries, heart, kidney, and intestines. It lowers blood pressure by catalysing the cleavage of the angiotensin II peptide (a vasoconstrictor) into angiotensin 1–7, (a vasodilator). ACE2 also serves as the entry point into cells for some coronaviruses.

ACE2 counters the activity of the related angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) by reducing the amount of angiotensin-II and increasing Ang(1-7) making it a promising drug target for treating cardiovascular diseases.

The water-soluble, extracellular domain of ACE2 is cleaved from its transmembrane domain by another enzyme known as sheddase from cells and released into the blood stream and ultimately excreted into urine.

## Coronavirus entry point

ACE2 is a single-pass type I membrane protein that anchors the enzyme to the surface of cells in lungs and other tissues. It serves as main entry point into cells for some coronaviruses, including HCoV-NL63, SARS-CoV, the virus that causes SARS, and SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.

This might lead some to believe that decreasing the levels of ACE2, in cells, might help in fighting the infection. On the other hand, ACE2 has been shown to have a protective effect against virus-induced lung injury by increasing the production of the vasodilator angiotensin 1–7.

Furthermore, according to studies conducted on mice, the interaction of the spike protein of the coronavirus with ACE2 induces a drop in the levels of ACE2 in cells through internalization and degradation of the protein and hence may contribute to lung damage.

Both ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) that are used to treat high blood pressure have been shown in a comparative study to upregulate ACE2 expression hence may affect the severity of coronavirus infections. However, multiple regulatory bodies have recommended continuing standard ACE inhibitor and ARB therapy. A systematic review and meta-analysis found that "use of ACE inhibitors was associated with a significant 34% reduction in risk of pneumonia compared with controls." and "The risk of pneumonia was also reduced in patients treated with ACE inhibitors who were at higher risk of pneumonia, in particular those with stroke and heart failure. Use of ACE inhibitors was also associated with a reduction in pneumonia related mortality, although the results were less robust than for overall risk of pneumonia."

## Human recombinant ACE2 (rhACE2)

**Human recombinant ACE2** (rhACE2) is surmised to be a novel therapy for acute lung injury, and appeared to improve pulmonary hemodynamics and oxygen saturation in piglets with a lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome.

The half-life of rhACE2 in human beings is about 10 hours and the onset of action is 30 minutes in addition to the course of effect (duration) of 24 hours.

Several findings suggest that rhACE2 may be a promising drug for those with intolerance to classical RAS inhibitors or in diseases where circulating angiotensin II is elevated.
Champion skin/All skins

Notes
* Column 1 is sorted by champion name and release date.
* Splash art, voice actor, splash artist and set names can be seen by hovering the skin name. Set name can also be seen by hovering over the tick icon.
* Chroma previews can be seen by hovering over the tick icon.
* Mythic skins are valued at  2450.
* Skin features were populated manually and not from any official source. Please report any misinformation.
Afghanistan Papers

**The Afghanistan Papers** are a set of internal documents from the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction obtained by *The Washington Post* through a Freedom of Information Act request that document the War in Afghanistan (2001–present). The reporting suggests that internal opinions of high ranking officials often thought the war was unwinnable.
American Cordillera

See also: Intermontane Plateaus

The **American Cordillera** is a chain of mountain ranges (cordilleras) that consists of an almost continuous sequence of mountain ranges that form the western "backbone" of North America, South America and Central America. It is also the backbone of the volcanic arc that forms the eastern half of the Pacific Ring of Fire.

## Description

### North America

Main articles: North American Cordillera
The ranges of the Cordillera from Mexico northwards are collectively called the North American Cordillera.

From north to south, this sequence of overlapping and parallel ranges begins with the Alaska Range and the Brooks Range in Alaska and runs through the Yukon into British Columbia. The main belt of the Rocky Mountains along with the parallel Columbia Mountains and Coast Ranges of mountains and islands continue through British Columbia and Vancouver Island. In the United States, the Cordillera branches include the Rockies, the Sierra Nevada, the Cascades, and various small Pacific coastal ranges. In Mexico, the Cordillera continues through the Sierra Madre Occidental and Sierra Madre Oriental, as well as the backbone mountains of the Baja California peninsula.

### South America

The Cordillera continues on through the mountain ranges of Central America in Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama, and becomes the Andes Mountains of South America. The Andes with their parallel chains and the island chains off the coast of Chile continue through Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile to the southernmost tip of South America at Tierra del Fuego. The Cordillera continues along the Scotia Arc before reaching the mountains of the Antarctic Peninsula.
Aryans

Animals, like birds and mammals, that bear young that are incapable of fending for themselves have evolved to feel empathy for their young. The young themselves have, in turn, evolved to become cute and sweet so that the mother will care even more for them. But they lose that cuteness when they reach puberty. Domesticating animals is a matter of breeding animals so that they retain that cuteness into adulthood. See Neoteny.

Chimpanzees are born with white skin which becomes black when they reach puberty. Therefore the first domesticated humans (Chinese) had white skin and lived along side undomesticated humans that had dark skin as adults and white skin as babies. This is no doubt the original source of racial tensions and the belief that whites are superior. But modern blacks are born with black skin. This shows that they evolved from domesticated white-skined people.

But humans didn't stop evolving once they domesticated themselves. Some of them evolved (some would say devolved) into things like autism, asperger's, schizoid. These became the Aryans. Some went even further and dedomesticated. This evolution may have been driven by the adoption of Fascist beliefs.

In Mein Kampf Hitler mistakenly describes the Aryans as being the first domesticated humans and therefore the source of all civilization and declares all other races to be barbarians that merely superficially emulate the Aryans.
Beast/666

Main articles: Hebrew numerals

Following the adoption of Greek Hellenistic alphabetic numeration practice, Hebrew letters started being used to denote numbers in the late 2nd century BC, and performed this arithmetic function for about a thousand years. Nowadays alphanumeric notation is used only in specific contexts, e.g. denoting dates in the Hebrew calendar, denoting grades of school in Israel, other listings (e.g. שלב א׳, שלב ב׳ – "phase a, phase b"), commonly in Kabbalah (Jewish mysticism) in a practice known as gematria, and often in religious contexts.

The numbers 500, 600, 700, 800 and 900 are commonly represented by the juxtapositions ק״ת, ר״ת, ש״ת, ת״ת, and ק״תת respectively.
Adding a geresh ("׳") to a letter multiplies its value by one thousand, for example, the year 5778 is portrayed as ה׳תשע״ח, where ה׳ represents 5000, and תשע״ח represents 778.

## Greek Numerals

Greek letters were also used to write numbers. In the classical Ionian system, the first nine letters of the alphabet stood for the numbers from 1 to 9, the next nine letters stood for the multiples of 10, from 10 to 90, and the next nine letters stood for the multiples of 100, from 100 to 900. For this purpose, in addition to the 24 letters which by that time made up the standard alphabet, three otherwise obsolete letters were retained or revived: digamma ⟨Ϝ⟩ for 6, koppa ⟨Ϙ⟩ for 90, and a rare Ionian letter for [ss], today called sampi ⟨Ͳ⟩, for 900. This system has remained in use in Greek up to the present day, although today it is only employed for limited purposes such as enumerating chapters in a book, similar to the way Roman numerals are used in English. The three extra symbols are today written as ⟨ϛ⟩, ⟨ϟ⟩ and ⟨ϡ⟩ respectively. To mark a letter as a numeral sign, a small stroke called *keraia* is added to the right of it.

## Classical Latin alphabet

After the Roman conquest of Greece in the 1st century BC, Latin adopted the Greek letters ⟨Y⟩ and ⟨Z⟩ (or readopted, in the latter case) to write Greek loanwords, placing them at the end of the alphabet. An attempt by the emperor Claudius to introduce three additional letters did not last. Thus it was during the classical Latin period that the Latin alphabet contained 23 letters:
Antipyretic

An **antipyretic** (/ˌæntipaɪˈrɛtɪk/, from *anti-* 'against' and *pyretic* 'feverish') is a substance that reduces fever. Antipyretics cause the hypothalamus to override a prostaglandin-induced increase in temperature. The body then works to lower the temperature, which results in a reduction in fever.

Most antipyretic medications have other purposes. The most common antipyretics in the United States are ibuprofen and aspirin, which are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used primarily as analgesics (pain relievers), but which also have antipyretic properties; and paracetamol (acetaminophen), an analgesic with weak anti-inflammatory properties.

There is some debate over the appropriate use of such medications, since fever is part of the body's immune response to infection. A study published by the Royal Society claims that fever suppression causes at least 1% more influenza deaths in the United States, or 700 extra deaths per year.

## Non-pharmacological treatment

Bathing or sponging with lukewarm or cool water can effectively reduce body temperature in those with heat illness, but not usually in those with fever. The use of alcohol baths is not an appropriate cooling method, because there have been reported adverse events associated with systemic absorption of alcohol.

## Medications

Many medications have antipyretic effects and thus are useful for fever, but not in treating illness, including:

* NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, and nimesulide
* Aspirin, and related salicylates such as choline salicylate, magnesium salicylate, and sodium salicylate
* Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
* Metamizole, banned in over 30 countries for causing agranulocytosis
* Nabumetone
* Phenazone (antipyrine), available in combination with benzocaine as an ear drop in the US.

### Children

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) notes that improper dosing is one of the biggest problems in giving acetaminophen (paracetamol) to children. The effectiveness of acetaminophen alone as an antipyretic in children is uncertain, with some evidence showing it is no better than physical methods. Therapies involving alternating doses of acetaminophen and ibuprofen have shown greater antipyretic effect than either drug alone. One meta-analysis indicated that ibuprofen is more effective than acetaminophen in children at similar doses when both are given alone.

Due to concerns about Reye syndrome, it is recommended that aspirin and combination products that contain aspirin not be given to children or teenagers during episodes of fever-causing illnesses.

## Plants

Traditional use of higher plants with antipyretic properties is a common worldwide feature of many ethnobotanical cultures. In ethnobotany, a plant with naturally occurring antipyretic properties is commonly referred to as a *febrifuge*.
At-a-glance/Chinese mythology

See also:
Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
Chinese mythology
Four Symbols (Chinese constellation)
Four Benevolent Animals
Dragon King
Eight Immortals
Bagua

Laozi (also Lao-Tzu, Lao-Tsu, or Lao-tze) was a philosopher and poet of ancient China. He is best known as the reputed author of the Tao Te Ching and the founder of philosophical Taoism, but he is also revered as a deity in religious Taoism and traditional Chinese religions. Although a legendary figure, he is usually dated to around the 6th century BC and reckoned a contemporary of Confucius

Laozi is regarded to be a manifestation of Daode Tianzun. Daode Tianzun (道德天尊) is the official title for Tàiqīng (太清): the Grand Pure One, which is one of the Three Pure Ones.
The third story in Sima Qian states that Laozi grew weary of the moral decay of life in Chengzhou and noted the kingdom's decline. He ventured west to live as a hermit in the unsettled frontier at the age of 160. In others, the "Old Master" journeyed all the way to India and was the teacher of Siddartha Gautama, the Buddha. Others claim he was the Buddha himself.

## Table

Each stripe in the table below is 30 years.

If the text is too small you can zoom in by pressing ctrl +

## Notes

1. ↑ There is the legend of the Four shi (四氏), who took part in creating the world. The four members are Youchao, Suiren, Fu Xi and Shennong
2. ↑ Apart from legends, Shaohao is generally considered as the son of the Yellow Emperor Huang Di
3. ↑ Zhuanxu was the grandson of the Yellow Emperor and his wife Leizu by way of his father Changyi
4. ↑ Ku's lineage is derived from descent from the legendary Yellow Emperor, then through the line of Shaohao (as opposed to the line through Changyi, which led to Zhuanxu).

He was the son of Qiaoji (蟜極/蟜极), and thus grandson to Shaohao, and great-grandson to Yellow Emperor
5. ↑ daughter of the Yellow Emperor
6. ↑ It is recorded in Shu Jing (Book of History) compiled by Confucius that Emperor Shun sacrificed to Shang-Di:
Of old in the beginning, there was the great chaos, without form and dark. The five elements [planets] had not begun to revolve, nor the sun and moon to shine. You, O Spiritual Sovereign first divided the grosser parts from the purer. You made heaven. You made earth. You made man. All things with their reproducing power got their being (Legge, 1852, p. 28)
7. ↑ second son to Emperor Ku and Qingdu
8. ↑ Shun received the mantle of leadership from Emperor Yao at the age of 53, and then died at the age of 100 years. Before his death Shun is recorded as relinquishing his seat of power to Yu
Urne Dorée

L'**Urne Dorée** est un twist où les deux tribus vont au conseil avant de découvrir la tribu remportant l'immunité.

## **Histoire**

L'Urne Dorée est apparue pour la première fois dans $urvivant $uisse, où les candidats ont la possibilité de miser pour une immunité collective ou individuelle. La tribu Lindt remporte l'épreuve, mais les conseils ont été annulés suite à l'abandon de Leelee. Les gagnants de l'immunité individuelle, Alwix et Mushu, sont donc immunisés à leur prochain conseil.

Dans $urvivant £as Vega$ et $urvivant €orée du $ud, il n'y a pas d'immunité individuelle. La tribu avec la meilleure mise moyenne remporte l'immunité et ne voit pas ses votes révélés.
Battery types

## Cell chemistry

**^†** Cost in USD, adjusted for inflation.

**^‡** Typical. See Lithium-ion battery § Negative electrode for alternative electrode materials.

## Common characteristics

**^†** Cost in USD, adjusted for inflation.

**^‡** Typical. See Lithium-ion battery § Negative electrode for alternative electrode materials.

## Thermal runaway

Under certain conditions, some battery chemistries are at risk of thermal runaway, leading to cell rupture or combustion. As thermal runaway is determined not only by cell chemistry but also cell size, cell design and charge, only the worst-case values are reflected here.

 SOC% | °C
 Lithium cobalt oxide | 150
 Lithium iron phosphate | 100
 Lithium manganese oxide | 110
 Lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide | 125
 Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide | 170
Que l'on me retire de l'équation

**Episode suivant:** | "J'ai trop fake social"

**Que l'on me retire de l'équation** est le septième épisode de $urvivant €orée du $ud.

## **Épreuves**

* Confort
* Immunité

**Épreuve:** *Mots mêlés*

Les candidats peuvent participer aux Mots mêlés en payant 25,000₩. S'ils ont accepté de payer pour participer, ils doivent trouver une vingtaine de mots liés au thème de l'ORG dans une grille le plus rapidement possible.

**Récompense:** 100,000₩, 75,000₩ ou 60,000₩ selon le classement

**Premier:** Synec

**Deuxième:** Zeste

**Troisième:** Ghost
**Épreuve:** *Bain de Sang*

Les trois candidats qui misent le moins sur cette épreuve dans chaque tribu sont isolés de leur camp respectif et vont au conseil tous les six comme un groupe.

**Vainqueurs:** Kozano, Kyoshu, Léo, Marcelino, Nuno et Spiro
## **Conseil**

 Ali (4 votes)

## **Anecdotes**

* Le titre de cet épisode vient d'une citation de Synec.
Artificial intelligence

Its not about replacing one human worker with one robot that can do the same amount of work.

Its about replacing one human worker with fifty robots each one of which can do the same amount of work.

Obviously we are hoping that the work we find so unpleasant will be easy for the robots. But even if it is they still need some sort of motivation. We still need to give them some sort of reward.

My biggest concern is making sure that the robots dont require sleep. Or if that is not possible then making sure that they are capable of getting to sleep.

## Input, output, and CEO

Midbrain: eyes

Cerebellum: hands

Forebrain: language

The purpose of the cerebellum is to perform simple routine tasks that don't require your full intelligence to perform.

The purpose of the midbrain is to identify (name) simple common objects (and events) so you can focus your attention on more complex things

## Fractal brain

Talk of homunculi is indispensable in computer science. Data structures are read and interpreted and examined and recognized and revised all the time, and the subroutines that do so are unashamedly called "agents," "demons," "supervisors," "monitors," "interpreters," and "executives." Why doesn't all this homunculus talk lead to an infinite regress? Because an internal representation is not a lifelike photograph of the world, and the homunculus that "looks at it" is not a miniaturized copy of the entire system, requiring its entire intelligence. That indeed would have explained nothing. Instead, a representation is a set of symbols corresponding to aspects of the world, and each homunculus is required only to react in a few circumscribed ways to some of the symbols, a feat far simpler than what the system as a whole does. The intelligence of the system emerges from the activities of the not-so-intelligent mechanical demons inside it. The point, first made by Jerry Fodor in 1968, has been succinctly put by Daniel Dennett:

## Assumptions

The brain makes many hidden assumptions that we dont even realize it is making.
Accounting records

**Accounting records** are key sources of information and evidence used to prepare, verify and/or audit the financial statements. They also include documentation to prove asset ownership for creation of liabilities and proof of monetary and non monetary transactions.

Accounting records can take on many forms and include (among other camps):

* Ledgers
* Journals
* Bank statements
* Contracts and agreements
* Verification statements
* Transportation receipts
* Invoices
* Vouchers

Accounting records can be in physical or electronic formats.

In some states, accounting bodies set rules on dealing with records from a presentation of financial statements or auditing perspective. Rules vary in different countries and different industries have specific record-keeping requirements.

Accounting records are important for all types of accounting including financial accounting, cost accounting as well as for different types of organizations corporations, partnerships, LLCs, and for not for profits or for profits.

## United States

In the U.S., the IRS prescribes the duration for which the accounting records need to be maintained and provides records retention guidelines in Code Section 6001 and Publication 583. Some records such as CPAs' and auditors' statements are considered permanent records, while some such as a list of accounts payable and employment applications are generally only required to be kept for seven or three years respectively.

## India

The companies in the soda ash industry in India are required to follow guidelines [1] prescribed by the Institute of Cost and Works Accountants of India (ICWAI)[2].
Bathtub curve

The **bathtub curve** is widely used in reliability engineering. It describes a particular form of the hazard function which comprises three parts:

* The first part is a decreasing failure rate, known as early failures.
* The second part is a constant failure rate, known as random failures.
* The third part is an increasing failure rate, known as wear-out failures.

The name is derived from the cross-sectional shape of a bathtub: steep sides and a flat bottom.

The bathtub curve is generated by mapping the rate of early "infant mortality" failures when first introduced, the rate of random failures with constant failure rate during its "useful life", and finally the rate of "wear out" failures as the product exceeds its design lifetime.

In less technical terms, in the early life of a product adhering to the bathtub curve, the failure rate is high but rapidly decreasing as defective products are identified and discarded, and early sources
of potential failure such as handling and installation error are surmounted. In the mid-life of a product—generally speaking for consumer products—the failure rate is low and constant. In the late life of the product, the failure rate increases, as age and wear take their toll on the product. Many consumer product life cycles strongly exhibit the bathtub curve.

While the bathtub curve is useful, not every product or system follows a bathtub curve hazard function, for example if units are retired or have decreased use during or before the onset of the wear-out period, they will show fewer failures per unit calendar time (not per unit use time) than the bathtub curve.

The term "Military Specification" is often used to describe systems in which the infant mortality section of the bathtub curve has been burned out or removed. This is done mainly for life-critical or system-critical applications as it greatly reduces the possibility of the system failing early in its life. Manufacturers will do this at some cost generally by means similar to environmental stress screening.

In reliability engineering, the cumulative distribution function corresponding to a bathtub curve may be analysed using a Weibull chart.
Beetles

**Beetles** are a group of insects that form the order **Coleoptera**, in the superorder Endopterygota. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 400,000 species, is the largest of all orders, constituting almost 40% of described insects and 25% of all known animal life-forms; new species are discovered frequently. The largest of all families, the Curculionidae (weevils) with some 80,000 member species,
belongs to this order. Found in almost every habitat except the sea and the polar regions, they interact with their ecosystems in several ways: beetles often feed on plants and fungi, break down animal and plant debris, and eat other invertebrates. Some species are serious agricultural pests, such as the Colorado potato beetle, while others such as Coccinellidae (ladybirds or ladybugs) eat aphids, scale insects, thrips, and other plant-sucking insects that damage crops.

Beetles typically have a particularly hard exoskeleton including the elytra, though some such as the rove beetles have very short elytra while blister beetles have softer elytra. The general anatomy of a beetle is quite uniform and typical of insects, although there are several examples of novelty, such as adaptations in water beetles which trap air bubbles under the elytra for use while diving. Beetles are endopterygotes, which means that they undergo complete metamorphosis, with a series of conspicuous and relatively abrupt changes in body structure between hatching and becoming adult after a relatively immobile pupal stage. Some, such as stag beetles, have a marked sexual dimorphism, the males possessing enormously enlarged mandibles which they use to fight other males. Many beetles are aposematic, with bright colours and patterns warning of their toxicity, while others are harmless Batesian mimics of such insects. Many beetles, including those that live in sandy places, have effective camouflage.

Beetles are prominent in human culture, from the sacred scarabs of ancient Egypt to beetlewing art and use as pets or fighting insects for entertainment and gambling. Many beetle groups are brightly and attractively coloured making them objects of collection and decorative displays. Over 300 species are used as food, mostly as larvae; species widely consumed include mealworms and rhinoceros beetle larvae. However, the major impact of beetles on human life is as agricultural, forestry, and horticultural pests. Serious pests include the boll weevil of cotton, the Colorado potato beetle, the coconut hispine beetle, and the mountain pine beetle. Most beetles, however, do not cause economic damage and many, such as the lady beetles and dung beetles are beneficial by helping to control insect pests.

This article classifies the **subgroups of the order Coleoptera** (beetles) down to the level of families, following the system in "Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)", Bouchard, et. al. (2011), with common names from bugguide.net.
Ali

**Nombre de jours:** | 17

**Ali** est un candidat de $urvivant €orée du $ud.

## **Profil**

**Pourquoi voulez-vous participer à $urvivant €orée du $ud ?** Je veux y participer tout d'abord parce que je suis un grand fan de Koh Lanta (je me retape toutes les saisons en ce moment) et de survivor depuis peu. Et puis ce serait une revanche vis à vis du Koh Lanta auquel j'avais participé il y a quelques années puisque mon chemin avait été coupé avant l'orientation.. Je pense que c'est un jeu qui me correspond.

**Que pensez-vous du système d'argent ? Comment allez-vous l'adapter à votre jeu ?** Ce système d'argent ça va être tout nouveau pour moi. A la fois ça fait peur puisqu'on n'a pas envie d'en faire n'importe quoi mais j'apprécie tout de même cet ajout puisque ça va ajouter un peu de piment dans le jeu, un truc de plus qui va permettre de montrer qu'un aventurier doit être complet à tout les niveaux.
C'est difficile de prédire avant le jeu comment je vais adapter ce système à mon jeu. Je peux peut-être dire ici que je prendrai des risques avec l'argent que j'ai mais ça va sûrement dépendre de la position que je vais occuper dans l'aventure.

**Êtes-vous à l'aise avec les confess ? A quoi vous servent-ils ? Allez-vous en faire régulièrement ?** J'ai aucune gêne particulière avec les confess. ça va permettre pour moi d'expliquer comment je vais organiser mon jeu et de quel manière je compte rebondir selon les situations. Forcément en tant que stratège j'aurai des choses à dire donc j'en ferai assez souvent.

**Pourquoi devrions-nous vous prendre plutôt qu'un autre ?** C'est difficile cette question mais je pense que je peux être un très bon candidat stratégiquement ou même sur les épreuves. Pour aller plus loin je suis très actif étant donné que j'ai plus cours depuis le confinement et que je vais pas reprendre avant septembre donc je ne compte pas laisser cette aventure de côté et m'y investir pleinement.

**Un dernier mot à ajouter ?** C'EST QUI LE PATRON? (pascal=goat)

## **$urvivant €orée du $ud**

### **Historique des votes**

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Arbitrary arrest and detention

**Arbitrary arrest** and **arbitrary detention** are the arrest or detention of an individual in a case in which there is no likelihood or evidence that they committed a crime against legal statute, or in which there has been no proper due process of law or order.

## Background

Virtually all individuals who are arbitrarily arrested are given no explanation as to why they are being arrested, and they are not shown any arrest warrant. Depending on the social context, many or the vast majority of arbitrarily arrested individuals may be held incommunicado and their whereabouts can be concealed from their family, associates, the public population and open trial courts. Many individuals who are arbitrarily arrested and detained suffer physical or psychological torture during interrogation, as well as extrajudicial punishment and other abuses in the hands of those detaining them.

## International law

Arbitrarily depriving an individual of their liberty is prohibited by the United Nations' division for human rights. Article 9 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights decrees that "no one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile"; that is, no individual, regardless of circumstances, is to be deprived of their liberty or exiled from their country without having first committed an actual criminal offense against a legal statute, and the government cannot deprive an individual of their liberty without proper due process of law. As well, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights specifies the protection from arbitrary arrest and detention by the Article 9.
Andean-Saharan glaciation

The **Andean-Saharan glaciation** occurred during the Paleozoic from 450 Ma to 420 Ma, during the late Ordovician and the Silurian period. For the Ordovician/Saharan part, see the more extensive article on the Late Ordovician glaciation.

According to Eyles and Young, "A major glacial episode at c. 440 Ma, is recorded in Late Ordovician strata (predominantly Ashgillian) in West Africa (Tamadjert Formation of the Sahara), in Morocco (Tindouf Basin) and in west-central Saudi Arabia, all areas at polar latitudes at the time. From the Late Ordovician to the Early Silurian the centre of glaciation moved from northern Africa to southwestern South America."

During this period glaciation is known from Arabia, Sahara, West Africa, the south Amazon, and the Andes. The center of glaciation migrated from Sahara in the Ordovician (450–440 Ma) to South America in the Silurian (440–420 Ma). The maximum extent of glaciation developed in Africa and eastern Brazil.

A minor ice age, the Andean-Saharan was preceded by the Cryogenian ice ages (720–630 Ma, the Sturtian and Marinoan glaciations), often referred to as Snowball Earth, and followed by the Karoo Ice Age (350–260 Ma).
Boiling

*Boiling* is the method of cooking food in boiling water or other water-based liquids such as stock or milk. Simmering is gentle boiling, while in poaching the cooking liquid moves but scarcely bubbles.

The boiling point of water is typically considered to be 100 °C or 212 °F. Pressure and a change in the composition of the liquid may alter the boiling point of the liquid. High elevation cooking generally takes longer since boiling point is a function of atmospheric pressure. At an elevations of about one mile (1,600 m), water boils at approximately 95 °C or 203 °F. Depending on the type of food and the elevation, the boiling water may not be hot enough to cook the food properly. Similarly, increasing the pressure as in a pressure cooker raises the temperature of the contents above the open air boiling point.
Back-arc

The **back-arc region** is the area behind a volcanic arc. In island volcanic arcs it consists of back-arc basins of oceanic crust with abyssal depths, which may be separated by **remnant arcs**, similar to island arcs. In continental arcs the back-arc region is part of continental platform, either dry land (subaerial) or forming shallow marine basins.

## Formation

Back-arc deformation is a product of subduction at convergent plate tectonic boundaries. It initiates and evolves behind the volcanic arc on the overriding plate of a subduction zone. The stresses responsible for the deformation in this region of a subduction zone result from a combination of processes. The absolute motion of the upper plate as it moves towards or away from the trench strongly contributes to deformation in the back-arc region. Since the downgoing slab is partly anchored in the viscous layers of the mantle, and therefore its lateral movement is significantly slower than the surface plate, then any motion of the overriding plate will cause extensional or compressional stress in the back-arc region depending on the direction of motion. In addition, mantle convection in the upper mantle wedge caused by the downward movement of the subducted slab causes stress in the upper plate and the high heat flow that characterizes back-arcs. The pulling effect of the slab as it goes down into the mantle causes a rollback motion of the trench, which also applies stress on the back-arc region of the upper plate. However, this last process has less of an impact on deformation compared to upper plate motion.

Back-arcs can form on either oceanic crust or continental crust. In the case of oceanic crust, most back-arc regions are subjected to tensional stresses and thus develop a spreading center where new oceanic crust is formed. The composition of this new crust is similar to MORB, although it contains higher amounts of water.

## Back-arc extension vs. compression

The back-arc deformation may be either extensional or compressional. The overriding plate will shorten when its motion is directed towards the trench, resulting in a compression of the back-arc region. This type of deformation is associated with a shallow dipping subducted slab. Inversely, an overriding plate moving away from the trench will result in extension, and a back-arc basin will form. This extensional deformation is associated with a steeply dipping slab.

The extreme cases of these two types of back-arc deformation can be found in Chile and at the Marianas arc. The shallow dipping slab subducting beneath Chile at an angle of about 10–15° causes a compressional stress on the back-arc region behind the Andes. On the other extreme, the slab going down into the mantle at the Marianas subduction zone is so steep it is nearly vertical. This is the perfect example of an oceanic back-arc basin experiencing extensional forces. The Oriente in Ecuador (the eastern part of the country covered by rainforest) is also a good example of an extensional back-arc basin, this time in a continental setting. The continental crust in this area east of the Andes has been stretched out and covered by layers of sediments.
Anaerobic respiration

**Anaerobic respiration** is respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen (O2). Although oxygen is only not the final electron acceptor, the process still uses a respiratory electron transport chain.

In aerobic organisms undergoing respiration, electrons are shuttled to an electron transport chain, and the final electron acceptor is oxygen. Molecular oxygen is a high-energy oxidizing agent and, therefore, is an excellent electron acceptor. In anaerobes, other less-oxidizing substances such as nitrate (NO3−), fumarate, sulphate (SO42−), or sulphur (S) are used. These terminal electron acceptors have smaller reduction potentials than O2, meaning that less energy is released per oxidized molecule. Therefore, anaerobic respiration is less efficient than aerobic.

## As compared with fermentation

Anaerobic cellular respiration and fermentation generate ATP in very different ways, and the terms should not be treated as synonyms. Cellular respiration (both aerobic and anaerobic) utilizes highly reduced chemical compounds such as NADH and FADH2 (for example produced during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle) to establish an electrochemical gradient (often a proton gradient) across a membrane. This results in an electrical potential or ion concentration difference across the membrane. The reduced chemical compounds are oxidized by a series of respiratory integral membrane proteins with sequentially increasing reduction potentials, with the final electron acceptor being oxygen (in aerobic respiration) or another chemical substance (in anaerobic respiration). A proton motive force drives protons down the gradient (across the membrane) through the proton channel of ATP synthase. The resulting current drives ATP synthesis from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Fermentation, in contrast, does not utilize an electrochemical gradient. Fermentation instead only uses substrate-level phosphorylation to produce ATP. The electron acceptor NAD+ is regenerated from NADH formed in oxidative steps of the fermentation pathway by the reduction of oxidized compounds. These oxidized compounds are often formed during the fermentation pathway itself, but may also be external. For example, in homofermentative lactic acid bacteria, NADH formed during the oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is oxidized back to NAD+ by the reduction of pyruvate to lactic acid at a later stage in the pathway. In yeast, acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol to regenerate NAD+.

There are two important anaerobic microbial methane formation pathways, through carbon dioxide / bicarbonate (HCO3-) reduction (respiration) or acetate fermentation.
1/(1-x)

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To calculate **Failed to parse (syntax error): {\displaystyle \frac{1}{(1−x^2)}}**
 we just replace x with

x
2

{\displaystyle x^2}

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The Byrvian Shipping Company

## History

The Byrvian Shipping Company was a shipping company founded in Tinneville in 1792 by Arnold Byrvian. It would transport goods from Ventia to Europe and proved to be successful. It would raise the economy of the nation greatly, and would become one of the most profitable companies in North America. Its headquarters was located on Byrvian Street, Tinneville, a street named after the founder as a tribute to his contributions to society. The company would eventually pass from William and Wesley Wilson to Silsiv Industries and become The Splix Corporation.