Edward the First (1239-1307)

### Nick Name

Edward I was known by many nicknames, including Edward Longshanks, Hammer of the Scots, and English Justinian. However, his most famous nickname was “The Hammer of the Scots,” which referred to the numerous battles and uprisings he faced north of the border.

### Occupation

King of England from 1272 to 1307. Concurrently, he was Lord of Ireland, and from 1254 to 1306, he ruled Gascony as Duke of Aquitaine in his capacity as a vassal of the French king. Before his accession to the throne, he was commonly referred to as the Lord Edward.

### Family

Father: Henry III, King of England
Mother: Eleanor of Provence

Siblings: King Edward I Of England 1239-1307, Princess Margaret Of England 1240-1275, Princess Beatrice Of England 1242-1277, Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster 1245-1296, Princess Katharine Of England 1253-1257

Children: Edward I and his wife Eleanor of Castile had 14–16 children, but only six survived childhood.

### Height

6 feet 2 inches tall, which was considered tall for his era.

### Hair Color

There is some debate about the hair color of Edward I of England. Some sources suggest that his hair was more of a blond color, while others suggest that it was reddish-brown. However, his portraits showed brown hair.

### Best Known For

Being the King of England from 1272 to 1307.

## About

Edward I, also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England from 1272 to 1307. He was born on June 17/18, 1239, at the Palace of Westminster in London, England, to King Henry III and Eleanor of Provence. Before his accession to the throne, he was commonly referred to as the Lord Edward. Edward was involved from an early age in the political intrigues of his father's reign. In 1259, he briefly supported the Provisions of Oxford, a baronial reform movement. During his reign, Edward I strengthened the crown and Parliament against the old feudal nobility. He introduced a series of statutes that did much to strengthen the crown in the feudal hierarchy. He also sought to conquer Scotland, but was unsuccessful. However, he did subdue Wales, destroying its autonomy. His reign is particularly noted for administrative efficiency and legal reform. Edward I was a veteran warrior and a leader with energy and vision. He was also known for his formidable temper. He died on July 7, 1307, at Burgh by Sands, Cumberland, England, at the age of 6812. He was buried on October 27, 1307, at Westminster Abbey in London.

## Early Life and Education

Edward I was born on June 17, 1239, at Westminster Palace, the firstborn child of Henry III and Eleanor of Provence. He was named Edward in honor of his father's favorite saint, the Saxon King Edward the Confessor. Edward was a delicate child and suffered from a life-threatening illness in 1246, which his devoted mother, Eleanor of Provence, nursed him through at Beaulieu Abbey. Edward was known for his fiery temper and self-confidence, and he was nicknamed “Longshanks” because of his height, which was 1.9 meters (6 ft. 2 inches), an unusually impressive stature for medieval times. He was strong, athletic, and as good a horseman as he was a swordsman. Edward was a staunch supporter of the medieval tournament, an event he often took part in personally.

## Career

Edward I was a renowned warrior and King of England who ruled from 1272 to 1307. He was already an experienced general and politician when he came to the throne. Edward I was known for his administrative efficiency and legal reform. He introduced a series of statutes that did much to strengthen the crown in the feudal hierarchy. His definition and emendation of English common law has earned him the name of the “English Justinian”. Edward I was a strong supporter of the medieval tournament, an event he regularly took part in personally. He was also known as the “Hammer of the Scots” because of his wars against the Scots. Edward I was involved from an early age in the political intrigues of his father's reign. He was a man of principle and a fierce determination to enhance his own power. Edward I was a successful king who strengthened the crown and Parliament against the old feudal nobility.

## Personal life

Edward I of England was married to Eleanor of Castile, and they had several children together. He was a renowned warrior and took part in numerous campaigns against Wales and Scotland. Edward I was known for his administrative efficiency and legal reform, and he introduced a series of statutes that strengthened the crown in the feudal hierarchy. He was a man of principle and a fierce determination to enhance his own power. Edward I was a Christian, but the specific denomination of his faith is not mentioned.

## Filmography

He has been portrayed in popular culture a number of times, including in literature and films. For example, he was portrayed by Michael Rennie in the 1950 film The Black Rose, based on the novel by Thomas B. Costain. He was also portrayed by Patrick McGoohan as a psychopathic tyrant in the 1995 film Braveheart, in which he is referred to as a 'pagan'.

## Awards and legacy

Edward I of England is considered one of the greatest Plantagenet kings. He was known for his administrative efficiency, legal reform, and his definition and emendation of English common law, which earned him the name of the “English Justinian”. Edward I strengthened the crown and Parliament against the old feudal nobility and introduced a series of statutes that did much to strengthen the crown in the feudal hierarchy. He subdued Wales, destroying its autonomy, and he sought unsuccessfully the conquest of Scotland. Edward I's reign is particularly noted for his administrative efficiency and legal reform. He was an experienced general and politician when he came to the throne of England in 1272. Edward I's legacy is that he was a powerful and effective king who strengthened the English monarchy and laid the foundations for the modern legal system.

## Litigation

Edward I of England's reign was marked by significant legal reforms, including the introduction of a series of statutes that strengthened the crown in the feudal hierarchy. He is also known for his use of Quo Warranto proceedings, which were used to challenge the right of individuals or corporations to hold certain privileges or property. The early 1290s proved to be a turning point in Edward's reign, as he faced increasing financial problems and domestic political tension associated with the wars against the French and the Scots. Despite these challenges, Edward I's power and authority were such that no rebellion actually rose in revolt during his reign, something that cannot be said of many of his predecessors or successors.

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