Earth

**Earth** is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. This is enabled by Earth being a water world, the only one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water. Almost all of Earth's water is contained in its global ocean, covering 70.8% of Earth's surface. The remaining 29.2% of Earth's surface is land, most of which is located in the form of continental landmasses within one hemisphere, Earth's land hemisphere. Most of Earth's land is somewhat humid and covered by vegetation, while large sheets of ice at Earth's polar deserts retain more water than Earth's groundwater, lakes, rivers and atmospheric water together. Earth's land is part of Earth's crust, consisting of several slowly moving tectonic plates, which interact to produce mountain ranges, volcanoes, and earthquakes. Inside Earth's crust is a liquid outer core that generates the magnetosphere, deflecting most of the destructive solar winds and cosmic radiation.

Earth has a dynamic atmosphere, which sustains Earth's surface conditions and protects it from most meteoroids and UV-light at entry. It has a composition of primarily nitrogen and oxygen. Water vapor is widely present in the atmosphere, forming clouds that cover most of the planet. The water vapor acts as a greenhouse gas and, together with other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), creates the conditions for both liquid surface water and water vapor to persist via the capturing of energy from the Sun's light. This process maintains the current average surface temperature of 14.76 °C, at which water is liquid under atmospheric pressure. Differences in the amount of captured energy between geographic regions (as with the equatorial region receiving more sunlight than the polar regions) drive atmospheric and ocean currents, producing a global climate system with different climate regions, and a range of weather phenomena such as precipitation, allowing components such as nitrogen to cycle.

Earth is rounded into an ellipsoid with a circumference of about 40,000 km. It is the densest planet in the Solar System. Of the four rocky planets, it is the largest and most massive. Earth is about eight light-minutes away from the Sun and orbits it, taking a year (about 365.25 days) to complete one revolution. Earth rotates around its own axis in slightly less than a day (in about 23 hours and 56 minutes). Earth's axis of rotation is tilted with respect to the perpendicular to its orbital plane around the Sun, producing seasons. Earth is orbited by one permanent natural satellite, the Moon, which orbits Earth at 384,400 km (1.28 light seconds) and is roughly a quarter as wide as Earth. Through tidal locking, the Moon always faces Earth with the same side, which causes tides, stabilizes Earth's axis, and gradually slows its rotation.

Earth, like most other bodies in the Solar System, formed 4.5 billion years ago from gas in the early Solar System. During the first billion years of Earth's history, the ocean formed and then life developed within it. Life spread globally and has been altering Earth's atmosphere and surface, leading to the Great Oxidation Event two billion years ago. Humans emerged 300,000 years ago in Africa and have spread across every continent on Earth with the exception of Antarctica. Humans depend on Earth's biosphere and natural resources for their survival, but have increasingly impacted the planet's environment. Humanity's current impact on Earth's climate and biosphere is unsustainable, threatening the livelihood of humans and many other forms of life, and causing widespread extinctions.

(*For additional information, see **Solar System Orrey)***

**Earth,** third planet from a main sequence star named Sol with one moon. It is the home to an intelligent race of beings known as Homo Sapiens also known as **Humans.** Homeworld of the Human race since its antiquity. By the 23rd century, the Earth is off-limits to non-natives and a small number of scientists who maintain the planet as a sanctuary planet. Humanity's new substantive homeworld is New Manhatan.

[Source]

## History

In 2016, a mysterious "Assiti Shard" transported the city of San Vincente, California into Florida in the year 1492, mere weeks before Columbus set foot in the western hemisphere.(Year Zero) By the 2050s, the world was reeling from a population explosion, resource depletion, and massive unemployment. Many individuals attempted to make a living by abusing and manipulating supposedly "tamper-proof" technology of the era. The Arctic Ocean has now become area of conflict for Russian Federation, United North America and the European Federation. The three countries have recently fought a war over the petroleum reserves in the vacinity. Population growth among poorer countries, lead some countries to commit massive genocide against whole populations setting off a war that had become known as, the Arctic War.   *'**thumb|326px|link=***

In the 2120s, the planet Earth was a shell of what it had once been in the 19th and 20th centuries, Earth's climate had risen by four degrees centigrade which created severe repricussions around the planet, as 7 foot sea level rise threatens the global status quo. Many great cities were sunk or in the process of sinking including Amsterdam, New York, New Orleans and Old Calcutta. Many cities in equatorial zones were devoid of water sources and subsequently abandoned like Dubai, New Tehran and Rio de Janiero. The global heat up forced many population centers further north, with the greening of northern countries like Canada, Greenland and Russia even the Antarctic, a mass diaspora of citizens fled north and south to flee the increasing droughts and super-hurricanes. A massive effort was also in place to colonize Earth's oceans and Antarctica. (Crose)

In the late 24th century, one of the first interstellar expeditions was launched under the command of Commander Adams, "I have stood there, amongst the farthest stars, seen things beyond imagination. I have fought battles in the deep recesses of time. In the depths of the mind, the stars still twinkle. And beyond those stars, our minds still wonder. The wonder of the cold, silent, stillness of space. The substances, minerals in the stars exist everywhere, we are the stars. Humanity cannot stand ankle deep in the ocean of space any longer. We stand perpetually on a cliff overlooking a deep chasm and I ask you, are we ready to jump?"

By the 25th century, Earth had been restored to its former glory and banned from human habitation by severe penalties worse than death. The Solar System was subsequently banned as well. A primitive form of Arboreal creature is beginning to assert itself as dominate creature of the planet, leading some scientists to wonder if they will one day become as advanced as humanity. (Redshift)

**Earth** (also **the world**, in Greek: **Γαῖα** *Gaia*, or in Latin: **Terra**) is the third planet from the Sun, the densest planet in the Solar System, the largest of the Solar System's four terrestrial planets, and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.

WILL USE THIS ARTICLE TO DISCUSS THE STATE OF THE WORLD IN THE PEARSON WINS TIMELINE.

## Nations of the Earth

* Canada
* United States of America
* Mexico
* Iceland
* United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
* European Union
* Russian Republic
* Republic of Vilkovia
* Republic of Zlotka
* Kosovo
* Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
* United Arab Emirates
* Republic of Iraq
* Republic of Kurdistan
* Republic of Naziristan
* Persian Islamic Republic (Iran)
* Egypt
* Somalia
* South Africa
* People's Republic of China
* Republic of China
* North Vietnam
* South Vietnam
* Republic of Korea
* Japan
* Australia