recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
1404 (Probus)

Foto: Autor desconhecido.

A linha **1404 - Palmeiras / Alípio de Melo** é uma linha Probus criada em 06/08/1982 pela Resolução Metrobel nº 151/1982 e ainda existente atualmente. Ela foi criada através da fusão das linhas **103R1 - Palmeiras via Marajó, 103SA2 - Betânia / Palmeiras**, **113 - Jardim Inconfidência**, **118 - Alípio de Melo e 118R - Colégio Palmeiras**, e foi operada inicialmente em pool pela Laguna Auto Ônibus e a Betânia Ônibus. Consistia inicialmente dos seguintes ramais:

* **1404A - Palmeiras / Alípio de Melo**
* **1404B - Palmeiras / Jardim Inconfidência**
* **1404C - Palmeiras / Jardim Inconfidência via Colégio**
* **1404SA - Betânia / Palmeiras**

Em 19.10.1983, a operação passou a ser exclusivamente feita pela Betânia Ônibus.

Eventualmente, o ramal 1404C teve seus itinerários e nomenclatura alterados para **Estrela do Oriente / São Salvador**.

Em 11/02/1997, através da Portaria BHTRANS DTP n° 011/1997 foi criado o ramal **1404R - Marajó / Centro via Vila Paraíso**. Este ramal foi extinto em 2003.

Em 2006, houve uma inversão de destinos entre os ramais B e C, que passaram a ser denominados **1404B - Estrela do Oriente / Jardim Inconfidência** e **1404C - Palmeiras / São Salvador**.

Após a licitação de 2008, todos os ramais passaram a ser operados pelo Consórcio Dez.

Em 2019, o ramal B foi extinto e substituído pela linha **5203 - Castelo / Estrela do Oriente**, que passou a trafegar pelas avenidas João XXIII, Presidente Tancredo Neves e Pedro II, ao invés da Rua Padre Eustáquio.

## Itinerário

As rotas da linha em 1997 e 2020, bem como o itinerário da linha 1404SA em 1995, podem ser conferidas neste mapa.

## Frota da linha

Veja a relação histórica de veículos que já passaram pela linha, os prefixos podem sofrer alterações com o longo do tempo, de acordo com as deliberações dos órgãos gerenciadores, por isto eles poderão ser separados de forma a ficar de fácil entendimento.
SARS-CoV-1

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## Classification

### Subspecies

**SARS-CoV-1**

(*Not to be confused with SARS-CoV-2)*

**SARS-CoV-1** (full name: **Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 1**), is a Subspecies of virus that was first identified in 2003 and causes the respiratory illness Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses-Taxonomy
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 *Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)* by Tommy R. Tong
Coronaviridae Family

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## Lower Taxonomic Ranks

### Subfamilies

* Letovirinae Subfamily
* Orthocoronavirinae Subfamily

*Not to be confused with SARS-CoV-2, a species in this Family.*

Viruses of the **Coronaviridae Family** have single-stranded RNA, and have club-shaped spike proteins jutting from the surface. Members of this family can infect a variety of animals.

## Subfamilies

* Letovirinae Subfamily
* Orthocoronavirinae Subfamily

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses-Taxonomy
2. ↑ Merriam-Webster: Coronavirus
3. ↑ *Genome Organization of Canada Goose Coronavirus, A Novel Species Identified in a Mass Die-off of Canada Geese* by Amber Papineau, Yohannes Berhane, Todd N. Wylie, Kristine M. Wylie, Samuel Sharpe and Oliver Lung
Tardigrada Phylum

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## Lower Taxonomic Ranks

### Class(es)

* Eutardigrada Class
* Heterotardigrada Class
* Mesotardigrada Class

Animals in this Phylum are known as **Tardigrades**. They are nicknamed “Water bears” and “Moss piglets”.

## Classes

* Eutardigrada Class
* Heterotardigrada Class
* Mesotardigrada Class

## Evolution

Tardigrades evolved from the Opabinia Genus of the Cambrian Period

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 *ITIS Standard Report Page: Tardigrada*.
2. ↑ TierZoo, director. *When Earth Was In Beta*. *YouTube*, YouTube, 31 May 2019.
Hodge

Hodge is the aide-de-camp of General Balkas on The Makepeace. He is described as a *'short man with a meticulously trimmed goatee'*.

When Luca is brought to The Makepeace, Hodge shows much more interest in him than Balkas. Upon hearing Luca's name, he exclaims that it is a good omen, as he once saw an opera singer of the same name perform before winning 100 crowns at a game of whist.

Hodge takes advantage of Balkas' disinterest in Luca to pursue him. When the crew vacate the ship to begin marching, he sends Doran and Connell out of the room so he can rape Luca. After, he tells Luca that nobody would believe him if he said anything.

Hodge met General Balkas at the Officer's Academy. Connell suggests that he only got into the Academy after a distant cousin called in a favour, as Hodge's own family had lost their title five generations prior. Despite this, Hodge still talks about his lineage and acts like a noble. His military career also leaves little to be desired.
Equus (Equus) Subgenus

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## Equus (Equus) Subgenus

Przewalski's Wild Horse (Credit: National Geographic Photo Ark/Joel Sartore)

## Classification

### Relatives

* Equus (Asinus) Subgenus
* Equus (Hippotigris) Subgenus

## Lower Taxonomic Ranks

### Species

* Equus Caballus
* Equus Ferus
* Equus Przewalskii

The **Equus (Equus) Subgenus** is a Subgenus of the Equus Genus that includes modern horses.

## Species

* Equus Caballus
* Equus Ferus
* Equus Przewalskii

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 ITIS-Equus Genus
2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 ITIS-Equus (Equus) Subgenus
Fungi Kingdom

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## Lower Taxonomic Ranks

### Subkingdoms

* Dikarya Subkingdom
* Eomycota Subkingdom

### Divisions

* Myxomycota Division

The **Fungi Kingdom** is a Kingdom that includes uni-cellular fungus and multi-cellular mushrooms. There are about 144,000 known Species in the Fungi Kingdom. The organisims in this Kingdom include Mushrooms, Mold, Slime Mold, Yeast, Mildews, Smuts, and Rusts.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 *ITIS Standard Report Page: Fungi*
2. ↑ AmoebaSisters, director. *Protists and Fungi*. *YouTube*, YouTube, 27 Feb. 2019
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 “Fungus.” *Encyclopædia Britannica*, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Cryogenian Period

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## GTS Navigation

### Past Period

Tonian Period

The **Cryogenian Period** was a Period in the Neoproterozoic Era. It proceeded the Tonian Period but came before the Ediacaran Period. It occured 720–635 million years ago, lasting 85 million years.

This Period witnessed dynamic environmental change that included the super continental breakup of Rodina, associated rift-magmatic activity, and low-latitude glaciation.

## Geology

The two oceans of the **Cryogenian Period** are the Panafrican Ocean and the Panthalassic Ocean.

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Advanced Solutions International, Inc. *GSA Geologic Time Scale*.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1  Long, Jie, et al. “Cryogenian Magmatic Activity and Early Life Evolution.” *Nature News*, Nature Publishing Group, 29 Apr. 2019.
3. ↑ Ogg, James G, et al. *The Concise Geologic Time Scale*. Cambridge University Press, 2008.

## Gallery

Artist’s representation of the Cryogenian PeriodEarth 650 Million Years Ago
Vulpes Vulpes

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## Vulpes Vulpes

Credit: Joel Sartore, National Geographic Photo Ark

## Classification

### Relatives

* Vulpes Bengalensis
* Vulpes Cana
* Vulpes Chama
* Vulpes Corsac
* Vulpes Ferrilata
* Vulpes Lagopus
* Vulpes Macrotis
* Vulpes Pallida
* Vulpes Rueppellii
* Vulpes Velox
* Vulpes Zerda

### Species

**Vulpes Vulpes**

**Vulpes Vulpes**, more commonly known as the **Red Fox** is a Species in the Vulpes Genus. This Species has 45 Subspecies.

## Diet

Red Foxes eat rodents, rabbits, birds, and other small animals.

## Behavior

Red Foxes are known for being solitary hunters.

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 *ITIS Standard Report Page: Vulpes*.
2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 *ITIS Standard Report Page: Vulpes Vulpes*.
3. ↑ “Red Fox Evolution & Early Distribution.” *Wildlife Online*.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 “Red Fox: National Geographic.” *National Geographic*.
Evolution

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Evolution is a natural biological process that changes the genes/characteristics of a population of a Species over generations that relies on Natural Selection, and Artificial Selection

## References

1. ↑ “Natural Selection.” *Evolution Berkeley*.
2. ↑ “Artificial Selection.” *Evolution Berkeley*.
Eukaryote Wiki

**Welcome to the Eukaryote and Virus Wiki!**

Hello there!

We're a collaborative community website about Eukaryotes (cells with nuclei), viruses, taxonomy, genetics (genes, and Evolution!) biochemistry, and everything geology that anyone, including you, can build and expand.

Home to 121 articles since July 14, 2020.

 The RuBisCO Enzyme is a key protein in the process of photosynthesis.

READ MORE

Your Speculative Evolution questions will be matched with answers, in this month’s *Eukaryotic And Viral Debate*!!

THE DEBATE
*Recently debated: Archean*

**The Discord**

**Further Information**

* Reading Resources
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NCBI

ITIS

NPR

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* BaA Wiki
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Each **IaE Wiki** (**Informational and Educational** Wiki) was made by ScienceWolf to advance the scientific knowledge of everyone. They are informative-educational websites with the purpose of exploring our world
The **Bacteria and Archea Wiki** (**BaA** Wiki) is a Wiki about Bacteria, Archea, and Elements. It tells about the many Prokaryotes and the Periodic Table for student chemists and microbiologists, as well as kids wanting to learn more about the small things that are interesting.
The **Eukaryote and Virus Wiki** (**EaV** Wiki) is a Wiki about Eukaryotes, Viruses, Genetics, Proteins, Stratigraphy, and the Geologic Time Scale. Even though it focuses on many things, it tells the story of our world and how every living thing works no came to be. This teaches people about Eukaryotes and the Earth, for everybody to know.
The **Natural Phenomena Wiki** (**NaP** Wiki) is a Wiki about Natural Phenomena (Weather, the Periodic Table, etc.). This Wiki teaches people how things work in nature. This wiki will give you the info you need about anything in nature that seems scary, yet, it’s just science!
ORF1ab Gene

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*See also: Open Reading Frames*

## Proteins

*Main Articles: ORF1a Polyprotein and ORF1ab Polyprotein*

This Gene creates either the ORF1a Polyprotein or ORF1ab Polyprotein. Both proteins are made into 12 non-structural proteins. The RNA Sequence is 21289 letters long.

## References

1. ↑ *ORF1a-Encoded Replicase Subunits Are Involved in the Membrane Association of the Arterivirus Replication Complex* by Yvonne van der Meer, Hans van Tol, Jacomine Krijnse Locker, and Eric J. Snijder
2. ↑ NCBI-Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 isolate Wuhan-Hu-1, complete genome
Cornidovirineae Suborder

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## Classification

### Relatives

* Arnidovirineae Suborder
* Arnidovirineae Suborder
* Mesnidovirineae Suborder
* Monidovirineae Suborder

## Lower Taxonomic Ranks

### Families

* Coronaviridae Family

The **Cornidovirineae Suborder** is a Suborder of the Nidovirales Order. It only has one Family.

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 “Taxonomy.” *International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)*.
Elif Karga

Elif Karga is the daughter of Madam Karga, and works at The Thorn.

Her skin is described as *'darker than bronze'* with a reddish tone. She has thick black hair which she wears with a white kerchief. Her eyes are pale grey. Robert describes her as one of the most *'strikingly beautiful'* women he has ever seen.

Hugo states that he plans to marry Elif someday.
Vulpes Cana

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## Classification

### Relatives

* Vulpes Bengalensis
* Vulpes Chama
* Vulpes Corsac
* Vulpes Ferrilata
* Vulpes Lagopus
* Vulpes Macrotis
* Vulpes Pallida
* Vulpes Rueppellii
* Vulpes Velox
* Vulpes Vulpes
* Vulpes Zerda

### Discovered/Named by

William T. Blanford, 1877

The Species **Vulpes Cana**, more commonly known as **Blanford's Fox**, is a fox that lives on mountains.

## Habitat

**Branford’s Fox** lives in areas that have steep, rocky slopes, canyons and cliffs. They are known to be found in Iran, Israel, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Oman, Turkistan, United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia.

## Morphology

**Branford’s Foxes** are small with long, bushy tails, large ears, and long, dark guard hairs. Their length from head to tail is 70 centimeters to 90 centimeters, ranging in weight from 3 kilograms down to 1.5 kilograms. It’s appearance is similar to a cat, with a coloration of brown, black, or grey. The tip of the tail is most commonly black, but also known to be white.

## Behavior and Lifespan

**Vulpes Cana** lives to 4 or 5 years. They hunt solitarily and are mostly nocturnal.

## Diet

**Branford’s Foxes** are omnivorous and typically eat insects and fruit. They eat mostly caperbushes (Capparis Spinosa and Capparis Cartilaginea). They rarely drink water meaning most rehydration is through food they find. Insects eaten include grasshoppers, termites, ants, locusts, and beetles.

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 ITIS-Vulpes Genus
2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 ITIS-Vulpes Cana
3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 AnimalDiversity-Vulpes Cana
Deltacoronavirus Genus

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## Classification

### Relatives

* Alphacoronavirus Genus
* Betacoronavirus Genus
* Gammacoronavirus Genus

## Lower Taxonomic Ranks

### Subgenera

* Brangacovirus Subgenus
* Cegacovirus Subgenus
* Igacovirus Subgenus

**Deltacoronavirus Genus** is a Genus in the Subfamily Orthrocoronavirinae Subfamily.

## Subgenera

* Brangacovirus Subgenus
* Cegacovirus Subgenus
* Igacovirus Subgenus

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 International Committee of Taxonomy of Viruses-Taxonomy
SARS-CoV-2 RNA

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*See also: SARS-CoV-2*

The SARS-CoV-2 RNA is 29903 letters long. It contains many Open Reading Frames (ORFs) and 4 Major Structural Proteins.

## List of Genes (In Order)

* ORF1ab Gene (Location: 266-21555)
* Surface Glycoprotein Gene (SARS-CoV-2) (Location: 21563-25384)
* ORF3a Gene (Location: 25393-26220)
* Envelope Protein Gene (SARS-CoV-2) (Location: 26245-26472)
* Membrane Glycoprotein Gene (SARS-CoV-2) (Location: 26523-27191)
* ORF6 Gene (Location: 27202-27387)
* ORF7a Gene (Location: 27294-27759)
* ORF7b Gene (Location: 27756-27887)
* ORF8 Gene (Location: 27894-28259)
* Nucleocapsid Phosphoprotein Gene (SARS-CoV-2) (Location: 28274-29533)
* ORF10 Gene (Location: 29558-29674)

## Main Structural Proteins

There are four Main Structural Proteins, the Nucleocapsid Phosphoprotein (N), the Nucleocapsid Phosphoprotein (M), the Nucleocapsid Phosphoprotein (E), and the Surface Glycoprotein (S). The Spike Surface Glycoprotein attaches to the ACE2 Receptor (Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 Receptor) but uses the CD209L Receptor (A.K.A. L-Sign) as a backup.

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 NCBI-Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 isolate Wuhan-Hu-1, complete genome
2. ↑ NCBI-*The genetic sequence, origin, and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2* by Huihui Wang, Xuemei Li, Tao Li, Shubing Zhang, Xian Wu, and Jiaqing Liu
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 NCBI-*Genome Composition and Divergence of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Originating in China*
King Ademar

King Edmund (Father)

King Charles (Grandfather)

Kenever (Uncle)

Ademar is the King of Solas. He takes ownership of Luca after Lord Argent presents him as a gift for the Centennial celebration.

### **Appearance**

King Ademar is young, with a *‘heavy lidded loveliness’*. His hair is a deep shade of red with curls. His eyes are pale green. During the Centennial celebrations, he wears a white chiton and a crown garlanded with laurel leaves. He also wears a golden signet ring.

### **Personality**

Ademar is considered by the generals, as well as many others, to be *‘profligate and depraved’*. He has a childish carelessness and selfish temperament, and he is quick to anger. He is also unpredictable. Part of this likely comes from his addiction to bliss, though he generally cares little for others, playing sadistic mind games as well as partaking in physical abuse and torture. He takes delight in the idea of hunting people like animals.

### **History**

Ademar’s father King Edmund named his brother, Kenever, as heir to the throne rather than his son. However, the Lords supported Ademar’s claim by birthright and he became the King of Solas after his father’s death when he was at the age of sixteen.

### **Relationships**

#### Edmund & Rafe Carlyle

King Ademar shares a close relationship with his cousins Edmund and Rafe. Rafe is said to be his favourite of the two.
Catha Edulis

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## Classification

### Species

**Catha Edulis**

This Plant is commonly known as a **Khat**. It is the only Species in the Genus Catha.

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 ITIS-Catha Edulis
2. ↑ Britannica-Khat
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113 (DER-MG Territórios)

Foto: Leonardo Henrique.

1999-atual: Secretaria de Segurança Pública, Transporte e Trânsito de Santa Luzia

A linha **T0113 - Barreiro do Amaral / Bicas** é uma linha municipal de Santa Luzia criada em 1982 e operada pelo Expresso Santa Luzia. Mais tarde, foi reestruturada nos ramais **T0113A - Barreiro do Amaral / Morada do Rio via FRIMISA** e **T0113B - Barreiro do Amaral / Forjas**.

Na municipalização das linhas de Santa Luzia, em 1999, o código da linha perdeu o T e o primeiro 0. Além disso, a linha 113B deixou de existir.

Em 2020, as linhas de Santa Luzia passaram a exibir também as sublinhas no letreiro, juntamente com o código da linha.

Atualmente, as sublinhas da 113 são as seguintes:

* **113-1 - Padre Miguel / Frimisa / Barreiro do Amaral**
* **113-3 - Barreiro do Amaral / Frimisa / São José**
* **113-4 - Padre Miguel / Praça do Frimisa / Barreiro do Amaral**
* **113-5 - Barreiro do Amaral / Praça do Frimisa / São José (domingos e feriados)**
* **113-6 - Padre Miguel / Frimisa / Barreiro do Amaral (domingos e feriados)**
Tonian Period

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## GTS Navigation

### Past Period

Stenian Period

The **Tonian Period** is a period in the Neoproterozoic Era. It predates the Cryogenian Period.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Advanced Solutions International, Inc. *GSA Geologic Time Scale*.
Alethinophidia Infraorder

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## Lower Taxonomic Ranks

### Families

* Acrochordidae Family
* Aniliidae Family
* Anomochilidae Family
* Boidae Family
* Bolyeriidae Family
* Calabariidae Family
* Candoiidae Family
* Charinidae Family
* Colubridae Family
* Cylindrophiidae Family
* Elapidae Family
* Erycidae Family
* Homalopsidae Family
* Lamprophiidae Family
* Loxocemidae Family
* Pareidae Family
* Pythonidae Family
* Sanziniidae Family
* Tropidophiidae Family
* Uropeltidae Family
* Viperidae Family
* Xenodermidae Family
* Xenopeltidae Family
* Xenophidiidae Family

The **Alethinophida Infraorder** is an Infraorder in the Suborder Serpentes commonly known as “**Advanced Snakes**”.

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.33 ITIS Standered Report-Alethinophidia Classification
Aquila

Aquila is the Chief Attendant of King Ademar's Seray. Like Bagoas, he is a Eunuch.

When Luca is brought to the seray, he is inspected by Aquila, who is glad to find out that he is already well-trained. He tells Luca that h*e 'does not believe in coddling boys'*, and is honest about what he may endure under the King's ownership. After Luca dances for the King, Aquila revives him with smelling salts. Later, when Luca stops eating, Aquila threatens to have him force-fed.

Despite being a collared slave, Aquila is the dominant figure in the Seray. He is shown issuing orders to the palace guards and looking them in the eye.
1137 (Probus)

Foto: Vítor Dias.

A linha **1137 - Conjunto São Caetano / Belo Horizonte** foi criada em 1985, três anos após a implantação do sistema Probus, em substituição à linha **M137 - Conjunto São Caetano / Belo Horizonte**. Era operada pela Viação Santa Edwiges.

Em 1986, a linha ganhou dois ramais: **1137B - Jardim Teresópolis / Belo Horizonte** devido a solicitação da demanda popular do bairro que alegava que as linhas que passavam no bairro já chegavam superlotadas e a **1137C - Conjunto São Caetano / Cidade Industrial** para fazer a integração com a recém inaugurada Estação Eldorado e, era originária do antigo ramal **M137SA - Conjunto São Caetano / Cidade Industrial**.

A expansão da região atendida levou à criação das seguintes sublinhas na 1137C:

* **Granja Verde via Nova Baden / Estação Eldorado**
* **São Caetano / Jardim Teresópolis / Cidade Industrial**
* **Granja Verde / Estação Eldorado**
* **São Caetano via Nova Baden / Estação Eldorado**

Com a licitação de 2008 e consequente implantação de novo padrão metropolitano de numeração das linhas, a linha 1137 foi substituída pelas seguintes linhas:

* **7470 - Conjunto São Caetano / Belo Horizonte**
* **7480 - Jardim Teresópolis / Belo Horizonte**
* **7490 - Conjunto São Caetano / Cidade Industrial**
* **7500 -** **Granja Verde via Nova Baden / Estação Eldorado**
* **7510 -** **São Caetano / Jardim Teresópolis / Cidade Industrial**
* **7520 -** **Granja Verde / Estação Eldorado**
* **7530 -** **São Caetano via Nova Baden / Estação Eldorado**

## Itinerário

A evolução das rotas da linha 1137 em 1997, 2002 e 2007 podem ser vistas neste mapa.
Vulpes Zerda

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## Vulpes Zerda

Vulpes Zerda Kits (Credit: National Geographic Photo Ark/Joel Sartore)

## Classification

### Relatives

* Vulpes Bengalensis
* Vulpes Cana
* Vulpes Chama
* Vulpes Corsac
* Vulpes Ferrilata
* Vulpes Lagopus
* Vulpes Macrotis
* Vulpes Pallida
* Vulpes Rueppellii
* Vulpes Velox
* Vulpes Vulpes

### Species

**Vulpes Zerda**

**Vulpes Zerda**, also known as **Fennec Foxes**, are a Species of Fox.

## Diet

**Fennec Foxes** are omnivores, so their diets consist of plants and meat. Their diet usually includes insects (such as grasshoppers and locusts), small rodents, lizards, birds, and lizard and bird eggs. The herbivore part of their diet consists of different fruits, roots and leaves.

## Origin

**Fennec Foxes** originated from the Canidae Family. Like all Canids, about 8 Million Years Ago, a Fox ancestor crossed the Bering Straight into Asia, and spread from there to Europe and Asia.

## Habitat

The **Vulpes Zerda** species is usually found in deserts, and mainly live throughout the Sahara Desert in Africa as well as other places in North Africa. Fennec foxes favor dry, sandy deserts with some desert vegetation.

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 ITIS-Vulpes Genus
2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 ITIS-Vulpes Zerda
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Smithsonian fennec fox article
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 AllCreaturesPodcast-The Fantastic Fennec Fox

## Gallery

Vulpes Zerda Kits (Credit: National Geographic Photo Ark/Joel Sartore)An adult Vulpes Zerda (Credit: National Geographic Photo Ark/Joel Sartore)
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Eukaryota Domain

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The **Eukaryota Domain** is a Domain that is commonly known as **Eukaryotes**. Eukaryotes fist appeared in the Orosirian Period, 1900 Mya. The first known Eukaryote is Grypania Spiralis

## Morphology

Eukaryotes are advanced cells that evolved from the primitive Prokaryotes, Bacteria and Archea. Eukaryotes are bigger then Prokaryotes, and have membrane-bound organelles such as a nucleus and a mitochondria.

## Kingdoms

* Animalia Kingdom
* Plantae Kingdom
* Fungi Kingdom
* Protozoa Kingdom
* Chromista Kingdom

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 “Eukaryote.” *Encyclopædia Britannica*, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 EUKARYOTES – 2.7 BILLION YEARS AGO
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 AmoebaSisters, director. *Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells (Updated)*. *YouTube*, YouTube, 30 July 2018.
Equus Genus

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## Equus Genus

Przewalski's Wild Horse (Credit: National Geographic Photo Ark/Joel Sartore)

## Classification

### Relatives

* Hyracotherium Genus
* Orohippus Genus
* Epihippus Genus
* Mesohippus Genus
* Miohippus Genus
* Parahippus Genus
* Merychippus Genus
* Pliohippus Genus

### When

4.5 Mya-Present, Zanclean Age-Meghalayan Age.

## Lower Taxonomic Ranks

### Subgenera

* Equus (Asinus) Subgenus
* Equus (Equus) Subgenus
* Equus (Hippotigris) Subgenus

The **Equus Genus** is a Genus whose Species are commonly known as horses, asses, and zebras. It is the only living Genus in the Equidae Family.

## Evolution

*Main Article: Horse Evolution*

This Genus evolved from the Pilohippus Genus 4.5 Mya in the Pliocene Epoch.

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 “Evolution of the Horse.” *Encyclopædia Britannica*, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 *ITIS Standard Report Page: Equus*.
3. ↑ “Equine.” *Encyclopædia Britannica*, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

## Gallery

Przewalski's Wild Horse (Credit: National Geographic Photo Ark/Joel Sartore)Miniture Horse, a breed of horse (Credit: National Geographic Photo Ark/Joel Sartore)
Felidae Family

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## Classification

### Relatives

* Eupleridae Family
* Herpestidae Family
* Hyaenidae Family
* Nandiniidae Family
* Viverridae Family

## Lower Taxonomic Ranks

### Subfamilies

* Felinae Subfamily
* Pantherinae Subfamily

The **Felidae** Family includes Animals of the Feliformia Suborder known as cats.

## Diet

They are mostly carnivorous, but a few can eat plants and they are omnivorous.

Whenever a cat is hunting, they usually lay their stomach low to the ground, when they find prey they crawl forward and dilate their eyes to adjust their vision. Once in position they wriggle their hind to check for balance before lunging forward with their paws spread out.

Some cat's differ from this hunting style, like the fishing cat meandering along riversides to paw for fish

## Morphology

Animals within the Felidae family are muscular and limber with strong flexy fore limbs. They have a flat face and whiskers equipped to sense even the most minute amount of movement whilst hunting.

They have large ears and eyes that are equipped to see in the dark. They can adjust their sight as they please depending whether they're a outdoor cat (farsighted) or an indoor cat (nearsighted).

Most Felidae have retractable claws (Cheetahs are an exception) and has intricately formed teeth serving different purposes. Incisors are meant to nip dead carcasses, the canines are long and has length-wise grooves build to kill prey and the 4 upper premolars are meant to cut meat. These are housed within small jaws and mandibles to make the muscles for biting more efficient.

## Behavior

They aren't social and they mainly hunt alone nocturnally, diurnally or they can even be crepuscular

They usually roam and have territories ranging from 1 - 2.1 square miles of space. This may differentiate for domesticated felids, domesticated felids have less teeth.

## Subfamilies

* Felinae Subfamily
* Pantherinae Subfamily

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 ITIS-Feliformia Suborder
ITIS-Feliadae Family
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 NCBI- Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, Volume 8
Serpentes Suborder

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## Classification

### Relatives

* Amphisbaenia Suborder
* Autarchoglossa Suborder
* Gekkota Suborder
* Iguania Suborder

## Lower Taxonomic Ranks

### Infaorder(s)

* Alethinophidia Infraorder
* Scolecophidia Infraorder

All animals in the Suborder **Serpentes Suborder** are elongated, and legless. They are commonly known as and are, snakes.

## Infraorders

* *Alethinophidia*
* *Scolecophidia*

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 ITIS- Squamata
2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 ITIS Standard Report-Serpentes
3. ↑ *Integrated Analyses Resolve Conflicts over Squamate Reptile Phylogeny and Reveal Unexpected Placements for Fossil Taxa* by Tod W. Reeder, Ted M. Townsend, Daniel G. Mulcahy, Brice P. Noonan, Perry L. Wood Jr, Jack W. Sites Jr, and John J. Wiens
Animalia Kingdom

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## Lower Taxonomic Ranks

### Subkingdoms

* Bilateria Subkingdom
* Radiata Subkingdom

### Phyla

* Myxozoa Phylum

**Animalia**, or animals, are mainly Chemoheterotrophic organisms and are mostly mobile. They can be carnivores, herbivores, omnivores, or parasites.

Rather than having a simple cell wall they have them in embedded matrixes, allowing cells to communicate within and form in different ways (unlike some Protozoa and many Algae). These cells make up specialized tissues, like Nerve tissue and Muscle tissue, which doesn't appear in Fungi and Plants.

These are bound together by connective tissues, which can be made of inorganic and organic materials.

## Reproduction

They reproduce sexually and has a consistent body plan (morphology) throughout their offspring.

## Evolution

Animals first evolved in the Ediacaran Period, first as sponges and then Proarticulata. They then evolved into more complex organisms in the Cambrian Explosion, that had mouths and could move quickly.

## Subkingdoms

* Bilateria Subkingdom
* Radiata Subkingdom

## References

1. ↑ “Ediacara Fauna.” *Encyclopædia Britannica*, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 *ITIS Standard Report Page: Animalia*
3. ↑ AmoebaSisters, director. *Autotrophs and Heterotrophs*. *YouTube*, YouTube, 3 Oct. 2019.
4. ↑ Horne, Viola. “Animalia Kingdom Facts.” *Sciencing*, 22 Nov. 2019.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 “Animalia.” *Biology Reference*.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Smith, Richard, and Richard Smith. *Australia: Awakening*. *PBS*, Public Broadcasting Service, 11 Apr. 2013.
7. ↑ Oxley, Peter. *Making North America: Life*. Performance by Kirk Johnson, *PBS*, Public Broadcasting Service, 12 Nov. 2015.
Canidae Family

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## Classification

### Relatives

* Ailuridae Family
* Mephitidae Family
* Mustelidae Family
* Odobenidae Family
* Otariidae Family
* Phocidae Family
* Procyonidae Family
* Ursidae Family

## Lower Taxonomic Ranks

### Genera

* Atelocynus Genus
* Canis Genus
* Cerdocyon Genus
* Chrysocyon Genus
* Cuon Genus
* Dusicyon Genus
* Lycalopex Genus
* Lycaon Genus
* Nyctereutes Genus
* Otocyon Genus
* Speothos Genus
* Urocyon Genus
* Vulpes Genus

The **Canidae Family** is a Family that includes all canines of the world, whether they be wild or domesticated.

## Diet

Members of the Canidae Family are usually carnivorous, but are more omnivorous than other carnivores. Canids often eat small rodents, birds, and other mammals, but larger canines hunt for larger prey, such as elk or deer. They can also eat plants and carrion.

## Morphology

Animals in the Canidae Family look pretty similar, usually having long snouts/muzzles, bushy tails, elongated legs, raised up ears, and teeth adapted for hunting, killing, and eating prey.

## Behavior

Canids are notably social creatures and often live together in packs or small groups.

## Genera

* Atelocynus Genus
* Canis Genus
* Cerdocyon Genus
* Chrysocyon Genus
* Cuon Genus
* Dusicyon Genus
* Lycalopex Genus
* Lycaon Genus
* Nyctereutes Genus
* Otocyon Genus
* Speothos Genus
* Urocyon Genus
* Vulpes Genus

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 ITIS-Caniformia Suborder
2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.35 2.36 2.37 2.38 2.39 2.40 ITIS-Canidae Family
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 AnimalDiversity-Canidae
Scrub Jay

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## Where They Live

The **Scrub Jay** can be 1 of 3 different Subspecies of Scrub Jay depending on where they live. The coastal *californica* group; the interior *woodhouseii* group; and the *sumichrasti* group confined to southern Mexico. Subspecies groups occurring north of Mexico are discussed below. Formerly grouped with Florida and island scrub-jays and considered one species, the scrub-jay. But one thing they all have in common is that they are found commonly in Scrub Lands.

## Florida Scrub Jay Behavior/Habitat

They rely on the barebones environment with short trees and no canopies. This environment allows the frail Floridian Scrub jay to spot snakes on the ground or hawks in the air, plus it simply suits their behavior. They dislike flying often, high in the air, or even away from a nest. Plus they seek out small creatures like insects on the sandy floor or if they're desperate they forage for acorns that they buried underground.

Unfortunately, the scrub lands environment is growing rare due to human development like citrus groves or housing. They are usually found in the northern Gulf Coast and along the lower Atlantic Coast, and throughout the peninsula as "islands" along with the Lake Wales Ridge. This may be problematic for the Scrub Jay since the Habitat Loss Rate is 33.498%. And usually only one pair is formed per acre.

**Breeding**

If two mates are successfully paired other helper jays may come out to help in all nonsexual activities except nest construction, egg laying, and incubation. Pairs with helpers are more successful -- they fledge one and a half times more young than pairs without helpers.

Plus whenever a helper jay is around they can sound out calls to warn others about nearby predators like this:

\*If there is a Hawk, a helper Jay sounds a call to allow the other to hide from the hawk

\*If there is a snake, a different call is sounded out. The Scrub Jay instead harasses the snake until they slither off since they could eat eggs and fledglings

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 ITIS-Aphelocoma coerulescens
2. ↑ *Cooperative Breeding* by Paul R. Ehrlich, David S. Dobkin, and Darryl Wheye
3. ↑ NatGeo-Florida Scrub Jay, Facts and Photos

https://floridata.com/articles/scrub/FloridaScrub.html
Proarticulata Phylum

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**Proarticulata** is a phylum of extinct animals that come from the Ediacaran Period and not much is known about them. The name comes from the Greek προ (*pro-*) = "before" and Articulata, that is prior to animals with true segmentation such as annelids and arthropods.

## Class

The Classes of this Phylum include:

* Vendiamorpha Class
* Dipleurozoa Class
* Cephalozoa Class
Proterozoic Eon

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## Geologic Time Scale

### Eras

* Paleoproterozoic Era
* Mesoproterozoic Era
* Neoproterozoic Era

The **Proterozoic Eon** was an Eon predating the Phanerozoic Eon and comes after the Archean Eon. This Eon occured from 2500-541 million years ago. During this Eon, the Earth started accumulating oxygen due to more biological activity of Cyanobacteria. The Cyanobacteria rapidly produced bouts of oxygen as a result of their metabolism, (oxygenic photosynthesis). During the Paleoproterozoic Era, Eukaryotes evolved.

## Eras

* Paleoproterozoic Era
* Mesoproterozoic Era
* Neoproterozoic Era

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 Advanced Solutions International, Inc. *GSA Geologic Time Scale*.
2. ↑ NOVA-Australia's First 4 Billion Years: Awakening
3. ↑ ***Astrobiology Magazine**: When Did Bacteria Appear?*
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Astrobiology at NASA-*Evolutionary History of Photosynthetic Cyanobacteria* by Aaron Gronstal
5. ↑ *A Genomic Timescale for the Origin of Eukaryotes* by S Blair Hedges, Hsiong Chen, Sudhir Kumar, Daniel YC Wang, Amanda S Thompson, and Hidemi Watanabe
RuBisCO Enzyme

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## RuBisCO Enzyme

RuBisCO is an enzyme that is a part of the photosynthetic process.

## Amino Acid Sequence

PPTETKASVGFKAGVKDYKLTYYTPEYETKDTDILAAFRVTPQPGVPPEEAGAAVAAESSTGTWTTVWTDGLTSLDRYKGRCYHIEPVPGEADQYICYVAYPLDLFEEGSVTNMFTSIVGNVFGFKALRALRLEDLRIPPTYSKTFQGPPHGIQVERDKLNKYGRPLLGCTIKPKLGLSAKNYGRACYECLRG

## References

1. ↑ “Meet the Enzyme Driving Photosynthesis.” *PBS*, Public Broadcasting Service, 22 Feb. 2021
2. ↑ “Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Large Subunit, Partial - Protein - NCBI.” *National Center for Biotechnology Information*, U.S. National Library of Medicine
Orthocoronavirinae Subfamily

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## Lower Taxonomic Ranks

### Genera

* Alphacoronavirus Genus
* Betacoronavirus Genus
* Gammacoronavirus Genus
* Deltacoronavirus Genus

*This article is about a Subfamily of Coronaviruses, to see the virus that is causing the pandemic, go to SARS-CoV-2. For the Family go to Coronaviridae Family*

The **Orthocoronavirinae Subfamily** is a Subfamily of the Coronaviridae Family that infects Mammals.

## Genera

* Alphacoronavirus Genus
* Betacoronavirus Genus
* Gammacoronavirus Genus
* Deltacoronavirus Genus

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses-Taxonomy
Betacoronavirus Genus

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## Betacoronavirus Genus

Diagram of a Betacoronavirus and the genes all Betacoronaviruses share.

## Classification

### Relatives

* Alphacoronavirus Genus
* Gammacoronavirus Genus
* Deltacoronavirus Genus

## Lower Taxonomic Ranks

### Subgenera

* Embecovirus Subgenus
* Hibecovirus Subgenus
* Merbecovirus Subgenus
* Nobecovirus Subgenus
* Sarbecovirus Subgenus

**Betacoronavirus Genus** is a Genus of the Subfamily Orthocoronavirinae Subfamily.

## Subgenera

* Embecovirus Subgenus
* Hibecovirus Subgenus
* Merbecovirus Subgenus
* Nobecovirus Subgenus
* Sarbecovirus Subgenus

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 International Committee of Taxonomy of Viruses-Taxonomy

## Gallery

SARS-CoV, a Species in the GenusSARS-CoV-2, a Strain in the GenusSARS-CoV-1, a Strain in the Genus
SARS-CoV

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## Lower Taxonomic Ranks

### Subspecies

* SARS-CoV-1
* SARS-CoV-2

**SARS-CoV** (full name: **Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus**), is a Species in the Sarbecovirus Subgenus.

In 2002, SARS-CoV emerged into humans from bats in south China. It caused an Epidemic in 29 countries and regions from infected people traveling on airlines.

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses-Taxonomy
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 *Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)* by Tommy R. Tong
Pterosauria Order

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## Classification

### Order

**Pterosauria Order**

The **Pterosauria Order** is an Order with Animals known as **Pterosaurs**.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 ITIS- Reptilia Class
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 NCBI-*A Reappraisal of Azhdarchid Pterosaur Functional Morphology and Paleoecology* by Mark P. Witton and Darren Naish
Dickinsonia Genus

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## Lower Taxonomic Ranks

### Species

* *Dickinsonia Costata*
* *Dickinsoinia Lissa*
* *Dickinsonia Menneri*
* *Dickinsonia Rex*
* *Dickinsonia Tenuis*
* *Dickinsonia Minima*
* *Dickinsonia Spriggi*
* *Dickinsonia Elongata*
* *Dickinsonia Brachina*

## Conservation Status

***Dickinsonia*** is an extinct Genus of basal animal that lived during the late Ediacaran Period in what is now the Adeliade Superbasin in South Australia, Russia and Ukraine.

## Species

* *Dickinsonia Costata*
* *Dickinsoinia Lissa*
* *Dickinsonia Menneri*
* *Dickinsonia Rex*
* *Dickinsonia Tenuis*
* *Dickinsonia Minima*
* *Dickinsonia Spriggi*
* *Dickinsonia Elongata*
* *Dickinsonia Brachina*

## Description

Dickensonia are 4 millimeters-1.4 meters in length.

## Discovery

This genus was discovered by Reg C. Sprigg

## References

1. ↑ *A 558-Million-Year-Old Mystery Has Been Solved* by Ed Yong
2. ↑ *Ancient steroids establish the Ediacaran fossil Dickinsonia as one of the earliest animals* by Ilya Bobrovskiy, Janet M. Hope, Andrey Ivantsov, Benjamin J. Nettersheim, Christian Hallmann, and Jochen J. Brocks
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 *Fossil Jellyfishes from Kansas Pennsylvanian Rocks and Elsewhere* by H. J. Harrington and R. C. Moore
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 *Dickinsonia* www.ediacaran.org by Dr. Alex Liu, Dr. Felicity Coutts, and Dr. Frankie Dunn
5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 FossilWorks - Classification of the genus Dickinsonia
6. ↑ NOVA-Australia's First Four Billion Years: Awakening