逆转裁判（系列）

*本页面旨在概述整个**逆转裁判**系列。大多数章节标题下都提供了链接，以获取更多有关该系列各方面的详细信息。有关主要系列的更多信息，请参阅逆转裁判（主要系列）。*

***逆转裁判*** 是由Capcom开发和出版的一系列以法庭辩论为题材的AVG（文字冒险游戏）。 该系列源于巧舟创作的名为***逆转裁判*** ***（Ace Attorney）***的集紧张气氛、喜剧元素和法庭辩论为一体的游戏三部曲。并于2001年至2004年间在日本的任天堂Game Boy Advance掌上游戏机上发行。这三部曲随后又被移植到Nintendo DS并在国际上发行。在这些游戏中，玩家将扮演一位名叫成步堂龙一的新人辩护律师，利用调查、询问和证据在与日本法庭体系相类似的虚拟法庭中为自己的委托人奋战。

随后发布的游戏开始逐渐改变原生三部曲的玩法并与其分离，并且出现了不同的主角。其中有两部名为*逆转检事（Turnabout Prosecutor）*的侦探推理游戏让玩家有幸扮演成步堂律师的对手——一名以搜查、逻辑和雄辩为武器打击犯罪的天才检察官御剑怜侍；亦有一部作品描写日本明治维新时代（也是英国维多利亚时代）的逆转裁判系列游戏——*大逆转裁判：成步堂龙之介的冒险（Great Turnabout Trial: The Adventures of Ryūnosuke Naruhodō）*在2015年于日本发售。该部作品以成步堂龙之介（正作中成步堂龙一的先祖）和侦探小说中的传奇人物——夏洛克·福尔摩斯为主角。

最初的三部曲（以下称为“成步堂精选集”）已在Microsoft Windows、WiiWare、iOS和Nintendo 3DS平台上被重置，原生的逆转正作也以王泥喜法介和希月心音的视角继续讲述了时间线上三部曲后七年间（“法律的黑暗时代”）的一系列故事。

历史
--

### 最初的三部曲

*另见：逆转裁判123：成步堂精选集*

逆转系列的灵感来源于2000年。当时三上真司给了巧舟六个月来开发一款游戏。巧舟想做一款能够从他人陈述中发现谎言的解谜游戏。他最初想设计一款私家侦探题材的游戏。其中的第一章便是主角在自己的办公室发现了尸体，而自己被当做嫌疑人\* (这与逆转裁判1-1的剧情类似，可以看做是逆转裁判1-1的雏形)。第一款游戏最初的故事设想是，当在主角的办公室里发现一具尸体时，他将成为一场谋杀的嫌疑人。在被指派一个无用的律师后，他会继续为自己辩护。巧舟放弃了侦探主题，因为他的概念与实际的侦探工作没有什么关系，并意识到一个以律师为主角的法庭场景更适合他的想法。

Takumi was inspired by many western mystery fiction, most notably *Perry Mason*, an American work about a fictional defense attorney who operates in much the same fashion as Phoenix Wright. This inspiration would later go on to inspire the naming of the "MASON System" in *Gyakuten Saiban 4*. Another western inspiration was *Columbo*. The show's unique structure of showing viewers the murderer at the start, in order to focus on how the detective overcomes the culprit's tricks, rather then who the culprit is, inspired the *Ace Attorney* tradition of revealing the culprit of the game's first episode. Takumi has also cited *A Aiichirou* as an inspiration, and has mentioned *Soutou no Akuma* as an influence in the episode *Bridge to the Turnabout*.

关于法律设定, Takumi was inspired by the state of the Japanese legal system as it was in the year 2000, and made the narrative conceit of *Gyakuten Saiban* a legal satire. At the time in Japan, the defense lawyer occupation was one of the most notoriously difficult occupations in the country, with most attorneys not winning a single case their entire career, and the then-current bench system had a conviction rate of 99%. For this reason, Takumi wanted players to control an "underdog" defense lawyer, who would battle against the odds to prove his clients innocent. Takumi and his team took several trips to observe criminal trials at a courthouse, as research, as well as for team-building. Takumi recalls that while observing the first trial, involving indecent exposure charges, he was particularly struck with how "homely" the atmosphere was. After observing more trials, including a murder trial, he noted the reality of the civil, calm nature of trials, particularly recalling a moment in which the defense and prosecuting attorneys very civilly dealt with a complaint the former had regarding the latter's cross-examination. In the end, he decided to ignore this reality, in favor of creating trials that relied heavily on exciting courtroom drama.

The first *Gyakuten Saiban* (later localized as *Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney*) was conceived and created by a small team led by Shu Takumi. At the time, Takumi did not know whether the game would be released outside of Japan, so he avoided using plot points and language tricks that would be specific to Japanese culture. After finishing the first game, he asked Mikami whether it would be released outside of Japan, to which the latter replied, "Of course not. No way." Thus, Takumi decided to use whatever plot points and tricks he wanted for the next two sequels (later localized at *Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney: Justice For All* and *Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney: Trials and Tribulations*).

The first *Gyakuten Saiban* was then remade for the Nintendo DS as *Gyakuten Saiban: Yomigaeru Gyakuten* (meaning "*Turnabout Trial: Turnabout Rebirth*") in 2005, which included an English-language mode, making it a popular import title. Later that year, a North American version of the remake was released as *Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney*, followed by a European version. The remake also featured an extra case, *Rise from the Ashes*, which used the microphone and touchscreen features of the Nintendo DS for using forensic tools. Similar remakes for the next two games followed, named *Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney: Justice For All* and *Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney: Trials and Tribulations* in localizations, though these did not feature extra cases.

### DS 世代

系列中的第四部正作, *逆转裁判4*, was built for the Nintendo DS from the ground up, and starred a new lawyer, Apollo Justice. Mechanics from *Rise from the Ashes* made a return in various capacities in this game and in subsequent games. The practice of including an English mode was discontinued, the English localization only appearing in international releases. Because the games were now being localized, Takumi returned to avoiding the use of Japanese-specific plot points in this game, though he felt that the yakuza-themed Kitaki clan would make sense to international audiences.

Capcom then partnered with Daletto (a company co-founded by Capcom to work with online games) to release the first three games as episodic content only in Japan between March and May 2008. After *Apollo Justice*, Takeshi Yamazaki took over the director's position from Takumi and produced a game starring Phoenix's rival Miles Edgeworth, *Gyakuten Kenji*. This was localized internationally as *Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth*, though only the English language became available. iOS and WiiWare remakes of the original three games soon followed, though in case of the iOS, only the first game made it to North America.

### 3DS 世代

雷顿教授VS逆转裁判（逆转裁判系列与雷顿教授系列的联动作品）和逆转裁判5分别在2012年与2013年于日本发售，并在不久后于北美与欧洲地区发售（分别是2014和2013年）。

2013年12月27日，卡普空宣布包括总监山崎刚的*Dual Destinies*开发组已开始“全力”工作，制作下一部*逆转裁判*，但是，卡普空并没有提到这部作品是属于主系列，还是第三部*逆转检事*，还是新的子系列。据透露，巧舟也在开发一款将会在2014年公布的新游戏，但是当时并没有透露出这款游戏是否为*逆转裁判*。2014年2月13日，任天堂在日本任天堂直面会上公布，巧舟的游戏将是发行在任天堂3DS上的“完全不同的”*逆转裁判*新系列。2014年4月23日有情报称，巧舟新作的标题为*大逆转裁判：成步堂龙之介的冒险*，该作的重要角色是成步堂龙一的祖先成步堂龙之介，他居住在明治时期的日本。

在2015年9月，卡普空宣布了逆转系列的下一步正作：逆转裁判6，其将在2016年发布。

设定
--

日版游戏的大部分内容都发生在21世纪10年代到20年代的某个日本城市中，其他地区版本的游戏内容都发生在美国加利福尼亚州的洛杉矶。案件往往发生在这座城市中，不过有些也发生在城市之外（如仓院之里和I-390航班上）逆转裁判系列的主角是调查案件与犯罪现场并将线索带上法庭的律师。在整个故事中，这些律师在犯罪现场和法庭的错综复杂的法规体系下工作。

### 审判

*另见：审判、逆转裁判1*
游戏情节大部分以审判推进。逆转裁判法庭进行的审判全部都是序审体系下的初审。逆转世界观下的低等级案件都是以源于日本法系的序审体系进行审判的。 简单来说，在序审体系下，当一个人因犯罪嫌疑被捕起诉，他（或者她，它）会立即被序审法庭审判。参与审判的有一名裁判长，一名（或两名）政府派出的检察官和一名（或多名）以证明被告完全无罪为目标\* (但假如真相不是被告无罪，律师应该追求真相而非一昧地辩护)的辩护律师。审判为对抗式审判，其基本环节是听取证人证言（询问）并在证言中找到并推翻矛盾。审判的目的是在三天内确定被告是否有罪，有罪者将在一个月内移交更高级别的法庭进行量刑，无罪者当庭释放。此外，逆转裁判4中出现了陪审团系统，它的出现原因是逆转裁判世界观上的一次大变动（法律的黑暗时代）。

## 游戏玩法

*主分类：游戏玩法*

逆转裁判系列基本上可以看做视觉小说，尽管游戏要求玩家收集证据并在法庭上出示。游戏以动画和二维漫画的形式呈现，带有少量文本框、声音效果和最少量的语音来模拟发言。

游戏分为搜查和法庭两部分。 搜查部分允许玩家在搜集证据时访问、调查案件的关键现场，并与重要人物对话；逆转裁判2、3、4、5 、6的搜查部分（有些也有法庭部分）还包含了名为“心灵枷锁”的系统，律师可以在搜查时通过不停地进攻他人虚伪的发言来打破枷锁，了解事情真相。逆转裁判2/3的玩家提交证据时，还可以提交人物档案。

法庭部分的主要环节是证人证词的陈述和询问。 玩家在询问证人时通过提出与证言矛盾的证据来打破伪证。玩家也可以“威慑（追问）”证人证言中模糊不清的部分，也可以使用威慑对证人施加压力。有时威慑或提交证据会出现追加证言。 提出正确物、在正确时机威慑，是游戏获胜的核心且唯一途径。逆转裁判4还加入了“看穿”系统，可以在某些询问时使用。玩家可以通过手镯仔细观察证人在撒谎时的小动作（比如不经意的玩弄手指或者吞咽动作），从而迫使证人说出真相。

法庭部分的目标是为被告取得“无罪”判决。但大部分时候，玩家只能使法庭暂时休庭，但这也给了玩家调查案件的时间。一般来说，玩家必须完全相信被告是无罪的，这样才能在检方的重重刁难下寻出真相，保护被告。

提出证据时，辩护律师会凌空一指（这个动作也被做成了游戏系列的logo），喊出“异议！”（異議あり!, Igi ari!）， 同时屏幕上浮现写有异议的对话气泡（这也成为了逆转系列的象征，甚至被应用到逆转以外的地方，成为了一个经典梗）。如果玩家指证了错误的证据（或者在错误的时机指证了它），或是在法庭部分有其他错误行为，法官对律师的信任度就会降低，如果玩家错误次数过多，法官会立刻终止审判并下达有罪判决，玩家也只能从自己最近的存档位置重新开始游戏。

每部游戏分为四到五章，同一部游戏的部分章节相互关联（例如反复出现的关键人物与案件）。

### NDS/3DS世代游戏玩法

在NDS世代，除了正常的按键控制外，玩家还可以通过NDS自带的触摸屏和麦克风与游戏互动，游戏甚至允许玩家对着麦克风在需要时亲自喊出“异议！（異議あり!）”、“等等！（待った!）”、“接招！（くらえ!）”和“就是这里！（そこだ!）”。逆转裁判1的NDS重置版甚至包含了全新的“第五章”——复苏的逆转来配合NDS新颖出彩的硬件机能。例如，在复苏的逆转中，玩家可以触摸下屏（触摸屏）撒铝粉来尝试调查指纹，也可以对着麦克风吹气吹走多余的铝粉。玩家还可以全方位检视物证以调查，关于证据的细节和更深的秘密通常以这种方式揭示。逆转裁判4，系列首部完全为NDS而非GBA设计的逆转也拥有上述元素。分屏展示物证和人物立绘、3D物证调查、麦克风互动等新颖元素至今仍好评如潮，~~甚至被官方玩梗~~。

## 美版改动

游戏的本土化使故事发生在平行宇宙的洛杉矶，在那里日本文化得以蓬勃发展并融入美国文化，而不是像**现实生活**中那样遭遇历史的强烈抵制。 角色的名字被改编成英文;例如，“成步堂龙一（なるほどう りゅういち）”的名字指的是龙，他的姓氏是日语中“原来如此(なるほど)”的谐音，他被重命名为“菲尼克斯•莱特（Phoenix Wright）”，他的名字指的是凤凰（Phoenix），他的姓氏是“正确（right）”的双关语。此外，对日本文化的相对不必要的引用被对西方文化的引用所取代;例如，“绫里真宵（あやさと まよい）”经常想吃拉面，而英文版的对应角色 "玛雅•菲（Maya Fey）" 想吃汉堡。 不过, 日本寺庙以及 日式城镇 依然存在。迫于时间和经费等问题矢田吹 麦面 得以完整（译者注：为了迎合剧情，矢田吹的名字是面条（Noodle）的倒写埃东（Eldoon））。

References to the United States in the Japanese versions are changed to various European countries (usually Germany) to account for characters who are meant to have visited a foreign country. In *Reunion, and Turnabout*, an American car is called a British car in the localization because cars in the United Kingdom and Japan drive on the left side of the road, whereas North American cars drive on the right.

## 系列游戏

* *逆转裁判1*
* *逆转裁判2*
* *逆转裁判3*
* *逆转裁判4*
* *逆转检事*
* 逆转检事2（日本独占）
* *雷顿教授VS逆转裁判*
* *逆转裁判5*
* *大逆转裁判：成步堂龙之介的冒险*（日本独占）
* *逆转裁判6*
* *大逆转裁判2：成步堂龙之介的觉悟*（日本独占）

## 大众评价

### Critical reception

西方游戏媒体大部分都为逆转裁判给出了正面评价The games have received praise for their presentation, music and dialog, and for being strong adventure game titles in an otherwise lacking market. Criticisms have included linearity, lack of replay value, and lack of evolution in the general gameplay formula. Reviewers have also noted the unrealistic nature of the courtroom system; GameSpot noted in its review of *Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney* that, during courtroom sessions, one should "suspend your disbelief about the whole procedure, since, although it feels fairly close to reality, many things go on during the proceedings that would probably horrify actual members of the legal system." Issue 22 of (N)Gamer also noted that the games sometimes involve "odd leaps in logic" that can degenerate the experience of presenting evidence into a trial-and-error procedure. *Justice For All* and *Trials and Tribulations* were criticized for a lack of the unique DS features introduced in the first game.

### Popularity

In Japan, the games have enjoyed a reasonable amount of popularity. The combined sales (both GBA and DS) of the first two games totaled around 400,000 units, while the GBA version of the third game, neared 250,000 units. The fourth game sold 160,000 copies on the day of release in Japan, with a total of 250,000 units moved during the first week of release. *Ace Attorney Investigations: Miles Edgeworth* sold 172,000 units in the week of its release and 42,000 the following week. In both cases, the game was the second best selling DS title in Japan, trailing *Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days*.

In the United States, the success of the first game exceeded the low expectations of retailers such as Wal-Mart and Toys "R" Us, forcing Capcom to prepare at least three additional runs of the game to meet the demand. Capcom had produced nine to ten runs of three-to-four thousand units before Toys "R" Us requested 15,000 copies.

As of December 2009, Capcom has stated that the series has sold more than 3.8 million units worldwide, and is currently their 9th best selling series of all time.

音乐
--

主分类：*Music*
卡普空为逆转裁判系列制作了如下几个专辑，分别是每个游戏的原生音轨（OST），逆转裁判123原生音轨的爵士版和管弦乐版以及逆转裁判电影原声带。逆转系列也与全女性音乐剧团——宝冢歌剧团合作创作了三部主题音乐剧。

### 原生音轨(OST)

*子页面：原生音轨(OST)*
The official *Ace Attorney* original soundtrack albums are almost all released on the Suleputer label that Capcom typically uses, with the exception of the Gyakuten Saiban Movie Original Soundtrack which is on the VAP label. The composers responsible for the music are Masakazu Sugimori, Akemi Kimura, Noriyuki Iwadare, Toshihiko Horiyama, Yasuko Yamada, Tomohito Nishiura, Yasumasa Kitagawa, Kōji Endō, and Masami Onodera.

#### 游戏原声带

* Gyakuten Saiban 1 and 2 Original Soundtrack (2004)
* Gyakuten Saiban 3 Original Soundtrack (2004)
* Gyakuten Saiban: Yomigaeru Gyakuten Original Soundtrack (2005)
* Gyakuten Saiban 4 Original Soundtrack (2007)
* Gyakuten Kenji Original Soundtrack (2009)
* Gyakuten Kenji 2 Original Soundtrack (2011)
* Gyakuten Saiban Sound BOX (2012)
* "Professor Layton VS Gyakuten Saiban" Original Soundtrack with Special Anime Film (2012)
* Professor Layton VS Gyakuten Saiban Magical Mystery Music (2013)
* Gyakuten Saiban 5 Original Soundtrack (2013)
* Gyakuten Saiban 6 Original Soundtrack (2016)

#### Arrangement albums

* Gyakuten Meets Orchestra (2006)
* Gyakuten Meets Jazz Soul (2007)
* Gyakuten Saiban Tokubetsu Hōtei 2008 (2008)
* Gyakuten Kenji Orchestra Mini Album (2009)
* Gyakuten Kenji 2 Orchestra Arrangement Collection (2011)
* Gyakuten Saiban Movie Original Soundtrack (2012)

#### 常见的主题音乐

许多基本相同的主题音乐伴随着特定人物贯穿了整个逆转裁判系列（当然在不同作品中旋律，编排等有所变动）：

* "真実は告げる"
* "法廷休憩室 "
* "尋問"
* "留置所 "
* "大いなる復活"
* "捜査"
* "过场"
* "異議あり!"
* "追求"
* "追忆"
* "勝訴！"

### 音乐剧

*Main category: Musicals*
有三部由卡普空和宝冢歌剧团共同制作的逆转裁判主题音乐剧

* *逆转裁判：真实的复苏*
* *逆转裁判：真实的复苏2*
* *逆转裁判：御剑检察官*

前两部音乐剧已经已DVD形式发布，所有三部音乐剧也在iTunes日本区上架了

## Drama CDs

There have been two drama CDs released by Capcom. These CDs contain original cases, presented by voice actors in a radio-drama style:

* *Drama CD: Gyakuten Kenji 2: ~Turnabout from Space!?~*
* *Drama CD: Gyakuten Saiban 5: ~Animal Circus Turnabout!?~*

漫画
--

U.S manga publisher Del Rey Manga is distributing in the United States a manga adaptation of the video game series that is currently being serialized in Japan. The adaptation is written by Kenji Kuroda, illustrated by Kazuo Maekawa and published by Kodansha. Del Rey Manga has also distributed a manga anthology based on the Phoenix Wright trilogy, which was an older collection of dōjinshi (fan comics) created by several different manga artists. The first volume was called *The Phoenix Wright Files* while the second was called *The Miles Edgeworth files*.

动画
--

2015年东京电玩展逆转裁判6的发布会上，也宣布了由Aniplex A1P改编的，剧情基于逆转裁判1、2的动画将在2016年春季档于日本上线（最后于4.2.2016上线）

1. ↑ Hsu, Janet (2014-09-11). "The Early Days of Ace Attorney". Capcom. Archived from the original on 2015-02-08. Retrieved 05/15/18
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ash. Takumi on Columbo (Kono Manga ga Sugoi interview). Court Records Forums. Retrieved 2015-08-29.
3. ↑ Shu Takumi Official Nintendo Magazine Interview - Court-Records. Date Retrieved. 05/15/18
4. ↑ Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney Trilogy Localization Blog - Observing Trials - Capcom Unity Janet, Hsu Blog (08/28/14)- Retrieved. 05/15/18
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Hsu, Janet (2017-11-18). The Making of Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney, Feat. Shu Takumi. Capcom Unity. Retrieved on 2018-06-04.
6. ↑ Giuseppe Nelva (2013-12-27). Capcom Developers Tease New Games to Be Announced Next Year, New Ace Attorney in the Works. DualSHOCKERS. Retrieved on 2014-03-23.
7. ↑ Brian Ashcraft (2014-02-13). Capcom Is Making a New *Ace Attorney*. Kotaku. Retrieved on 2014-03-23.
8. ↑ Hsu, Janet (2014-10-31). Ace Attorney Trilogy - Surprising Tidbits You Never Knew! Capcom Unity. Retrieved on 2014-11-02.