April 13

DateTemplate:SHORTDESC:Date**April 13** is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. 262 days remain until the end of the year.

## Events

* 1111 – Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
* 1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire.
* 1612 – Miyamoto Musashi defeats Sasaki Kojirō at Funajima island.
* 1613 – Samuel Argall, having captured Native American princess Pocahontas in Passapatanzy, Virginia, sets off with her to Jamestown with the intention of exchanging her for English prisoners held by her father.
* 1742 – George Frideric Handel's oratorio *Messiah* makes its world-premiere in Dublin, Ireland.
* 1777 – American Revolutionary War: American forces are ambushed and defeated in the Battle of Bound Brook, New Jersey.
* 1829 – The Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 gives Roman Catholics in the United Kingdom the right to vote and to sit in Parliament.
* 1849 – Lajos Kossuth presents the Hungarian Declaration of Independence in a closed session of the National Assembly.
* 1861 – American Civil War: Fort Sumter surrenders to Confederate forces.
* 1865 – American Civil War: Raleigh, North Carolina is occupied by Union Forces.
* 1870 – The New York City Metropolitan Museum of Art is founded.
* 1873 – The Colfax massacre, in which more than 60 black men are murdered, takes place.
* 1909 – The military of the Ottoman Empire reverses the Ottoman countercoup of 1909 to force the overthrow of Sultan Abdul Hamid II.
* 1919 – Jallianwala Bagh massacre: British Indian Army troops lead by Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer killed approx 379-1000 unarmed demonstrators including men and women in Amritsar, India; and approximately 1,500 injured.
* 1941 – A pact of neutrality between the USSR and Japan is signed.
* 1943 – World War II: The discovery of mass graves of Polish prisoners of war killed by Soviet forces in the Katyń Forest Massacre is announced, causing a diplomatic rift between the Polish government-in-exile in London and the Soviet Union, which denies responsibility.
* 1943 – The Jefferson Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D.C., on the 200th anniversary of President Thomas Jefferson's birth.
* 1944 – Relations between New Zealand and the Soviet Union are established.
* 1945 – World War II: German troops kill more than 1,000 political and military prisoners in Gardelegen, Germany.
* 1945 – World War II: Soviet and Bulgarian forces capture Vienna.
* 1948 – In an ambush, 78 Jewish doctors, nurses and medical students from Hadassah Hospital, and a British soldier, are massacred by Arabs in Sheikh Jarrah. This event came to be known as the Hadassah medical convoy massacre.
* 1953 – CIA director Allen Dulles launches the mind-control program Project MKUltra.
* 1958 – American pianist Van Cliburn is awarded first prize at the inaugural International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow.
* 1960 – The United States launches Transit 1-B, the world's first satellite navigation system.
* 1964 – At the Academy Awards, Sidney Poitier becomes the first African-American male to win the Best Actor award for the 1963 film *Lilies of the Field*.
* 1970 – An oxygen tank aboard the Apollo 13 Service Module explodes, putting the crew in great danger and causing major damage to the Apollo command and service module (codenamed "*Odyssey*") while en route to the Moon.
* 1972 – The Universal Postal Union decides to recognize the People's Republic of China as the only legitimate Chinese representative, effectively expelling the Republic of China administering Taiwan.
* 1972 – Vietnam War: The Battle of An Lộc begins.
* 1975 – An attack by the Phalangist resistance kills 26 militia members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, marking the start of the 15-year Lebanese Civil War.
* 1976 – The United States Treasury Department reintroduces the two-dollar bill as a Federal Reserve Note on Thomas Jefferson's 233rd birthday as part of the United States Bicentennial celebration.
* 1976 – Forty workers die in an explosion at the Lapua ammunition factory, the deadliest accidental disaster in modern history in Finland.
* 1992 – Basements throughout the Chicago Loop are flooded, forcing the Chicago Board of Trade Building and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange to close.
* 1997 – Tiger Woods becomes the youngest golfer to win the Masters Tournament.
* 2003 – A bus near the Vale of Tempe, Greece was involved in a major vehicle accident with a truck and multiple cars, leaving 21 students in the tenth grade of Makrochori, Imathia High School dead and nine injured during their return to their homes from a trip to Athens.
* 2017 – The US drops the largest ever non-nuclear weapon on Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan.

## Births

* 1229 – Louis II, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1294)
* 1350 – Margaret III, Countess of Flanders (d. 1405)
* 1506 – Peter Faber, French priest and theologian, co-founded the Society of Jesus (d. 1546)
* 1519 – Catherine de' Medici, Italian-French wife of Henry II of France (d. 1589)
* 1570 – Guy Fawkes, English soldier, planned the Gunpowder Plot (probable; d. 1606)
* 1573 – Christina of Holstein-Gottorp (d. 1625)
* 1593 – Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford, English soldier and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (d. 1641)
* 1618 – Roger de Rabutin, Comte de Bussy, French author (d. 1693)
* 1636 – Hendrik van Rheede, Dutch botanist (d. 1691)
* 1648 – Jeanne Marie Bouvier de la Motte Guyon, French mystic (d. 1717)
* 1713 – Pierre Jélyotte, French tenor (d. 1797)
* 1729 – Thomas Percy, Irish bishop and poet (d. 1811)
* 1732 – Frederick North, Lord North, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1792)
* 1735 – Isaac Low, American merchant and politician, founded the New York Chamber of Commerce (d. 1791)
* 1743 – Thomas Jefferson, American lawyer and politician, 3rd President of the United States (d. 1826)
* 1747 – Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans (d. 1793)
* 1764 – Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr, French general and politician, French Minister of War (d. 1830)
* 1769 – Thomas Lawrence, English painter and educator (d. 1830)
* 1771 – Richard Trevithick, Cornish-English engineer and explorer (d. 1833)
* 1780 – Alexander Mitchell, Irish engineer, invented the Screw-pile lighthouse (d. 1868)
* 1784 – Friedrich Graf von Wrangel, Prussian field marshal (d. 1877)
* 1787 – John Robertson, American lawyer and politician (d. 1873)
* 1794 – Jean Pierre Flourens, French physiologist and academic (d. 1867)
* 1802 – Leopold Fitzinger, Austrian zoologist and herpetologist (d. 1884)
* 1808 – Antonio Meucci, Italian-American engineer (d. 1889)
* 1810 – Félicien David, French composer (d. 1876)
* 1824 – William Alexander, Irish archbishop, poet, and theologian (d. 1911)
* 1825 – Thomas D'Arcy McGee, Irish-Canadian journalist and politician (d. 1868)
* 1828 – Josephine Butler, English feminist and social reformer (d. 1906)
* 1828 – Joseph Lightfoot, English bishop and theologian (d. 1889)
* 1832 – Juan Montalvo, Ecuadorian author and diplomat (d. 1889)
* 1841 – Louis-Ernest Barrias, French sculptor and academic (d. 1905)
* 1850 – Arthur Matthew Weld Downing, Irish astronomer (d. 1917)
* 1851 – Robert Abbe, American surgeon and radiologist (d. 1928)
* 1851 – William Quan Judge, Irish occultist and theosophist (d. 1896)
* 1852 – Frank Winfield Woolworth, American businessman, founded the F. W. Woolworth Company (d. 1919)
* 1854 – Lucy Craft Laney, Founder of the Haines Normal and Industrial School, Augusta, Georgia (d. 1933)
* 1860 – James Ensor, English-Belgian painter (d. 1949)
* 1866 – Butch Cassidy, American criminal (d. 1908)
* 1872 – John Cameron, Scottish international footballer and manager (d. 1935)
* 1872 – Alexander Roda Roda, Austrian-Croatian journalist and author (d. 1945)
* 1873 – John W. Davis, American lawyer and politician, 14th United States Solicitor General (d. 1955)
* 1875 – Ray Lyman Wilbur, American physician, academic, and politician, 31st United States Secretary of the Interior (d. 1949)
* 1879 – Edward Bruce, American lawyer and painter (d. 1943)
* 1879 – Oswald Bruce Cooper, American type designer, lettering artist, graphic designer, and educator (d. 1940)
* 1880 – Charles Christie, Canadian-American businessman, co-founded the Christie Film Company (d. 1955)
* 1885 – Vean Gregg, American baseball player (d. 1964)
* 1885 – Juhan Kukk, Estonian politician, Head of State of Estonia (d. 1942)
* 1885 – György Lukács, Hungarian philosopher and critic (d. 1971)
* 1885 – Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy, Dutch politician (d. 1961)
* 1887 – Gordon S. Fahrni, Canadian physician and golfer (d. 1995)
* 1889 – Herbert Yardley, American cryptologist and author (d. 1958)
* 1890 – Frank Murphy, American jurist and politician, 56th United States Attorney General (d. 1949)
* 1890 – Dadasaheb Torne, Indian director and producer (d. 1960)
* 1891 – Maurice Buckley, Australian sergeant, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1921)
* 1891 – Nella Larsen, Danish/African-American nurse, librarian, and author (d. 1964)
* 1891 – Robert Scholl, German accountant and politician (d. 1973)
* 1892 – Sir Arthur Harris, 1st Baronet, English air marshal (d. 1984)
* 1892 – Robert Watson-Watt, Scottish engineer, invented Radar (d. 1973)
* 1894 – Arthur Fadden, Australian accountant and politician, 13th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1973)
* 1894 – Joie Ray, American runner (d. 1978)
* 1896 – Fred Barnett, English footballer (d. 1982)
* 1897 – Werner Voss, German lieutenant and pilot (d. 1917)
* 1899 – Alfred Mosher Butts, American architect and game designer, created Scrabble (d. 1993)
* 1899 – Harold Osborn, American high jumper and decathlete (d. 1975)
* 1900 – Sorcha Boru, American potter and ceramic sculptor (d. 2006)
* 1900 – Pierre Molinier, French painter and photographer (d. 1976)
* 1901 – Jacques Lacan, French psychiatrist and psychoanalyst (d. 1981)
* 1901 – Alan Watt, Australian public servant and diplomat, Australian Ambassador to Japan (d. 1988)
* 1902 – Philippe de Rothschild, French Grand Prix driver, playwright, and producer (d. 1988)
* 1902 – Marguerite Henry, American author (d. 1997)
* 1904 – David Robinson, English businessman and philanthropist (d. 1987)
* 1905 – Rae Johnstone, Australian jockey (d. 1964)
* 1906 – Samuel Beckett, Irish novelist, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1989)
* 1906 – Bud Freeman, American saxophonist, composer, and bandleader (d. 1991)
* 1907 – Harold Stassen, American lawyer and politician, 25th Governor of Minnesota (d. 2001)
* 1909 – Eudora Welty, American short story writer and novelist (d. 2001)
* 1911 – Ico Hitrec, Croatian footballer and manager (d. 1946)
* 1911 – Jean-Louis Lévesque, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (d. 1994)
* 1911 – Nino Sanzogno, Italian conductor and composer (d. 1983)
* 1913 – Dave Albritton, American high jumper and coach (d. 1994)
* 1913 – Kermit Tyler, American lieutenant and pilot (d. 2010)
* 1914 – Orhan Veli Kanık, Turkish poet and author (d. 1950)
* 1916 – Phyllis Fraser, Welsh-American actress, journalist, and publisher, co-founded Beginner Books (d. 2006)
* 1917 – Robert Orville Anderson, American businessman, founded Atlantic Richfield Oil Co. (d. 2007)
* 1917 – Bill Clements, American soldier, engineer, and politician, 15th United States Deputy Secretary of Defense (d. 2011)
* 1919 – Roland Gaucher, French journalist and politician (d. 2007)
* 1919 – Howard Keel, American actor and singer (d. 2004)
* 1919 – Madalyn Murray O'Hair, American activist, founded American Atheists (d. 1995)
* 1920 – Roberto Calvi, Italian banker (d. 1982)
* 1920 – Claude Cheysson, French lieutenant and politician, French Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2012)
* 1920 – Liam Cosgrave, Irish lawyer and politician, 6th Taoiseach of Ireland (d. 2017)
* 1920 – Theodore L. Thomas, American chemical engineer, Patent attorney and writer (d. 2005)
* 1922 – Heinz Baas, German footballer and manager (d. 1994)
* 1922 – John Braine, English librarian and author (d. 1986)
* 1922 – Julius Nyerere, Tanzanian politician and teacher, 1st President of Tanzania (d. 1999)
* 1922 – Valve Pormeister, Estonian architect (d. 2002)
* 1923 – Don Adams, American actor and director (d. 2005)
* 1923 – A. H. Halsey, English sociologist and academic (d. 2014)
* 1923 – Stanley Tanger, American businessman and philanthropist, founded the Tanger Factory Outlet Centers (d. 2010)
* 1924 – John T. Biggers, American painter (d. 2001)
* 1924 – Jack T. Chick, American author, illustrator, and publisher (d. 2016)
* 1924 – Stanley Donen, American film director and choreographer (d. 2019)
* 1926 – Ellie Lambeti, Greek actress (d. 1983)
* 1926 – John Spencer-Churchill, 11th Duke of Marlborough, English businessman (d. 2014)
* 1927 – Rosemary Haughton, English philosopher, theologian, and author
* 1927 – Antonino Rocca, Italian-American wrestler (d. 1977)
* 1927 – Maurice Ronet, French actor and director (d. 1983)
* 1928 – Alan Clark, English historian and politician, Minister of State for Trade (d. 1999)
* 1928 – Gianni Marzotto, Italian racing driver and businessman (d. 2012)
* 1929 – Marilynn Smith, American golfer (d. 2019)
* 1931 – Anita Cerquetti, Italian soprano (d. 2014)
* 1931 – Robert Enrico, French director and screenwriter (d. 2001)
* 1931 – Dan Gurney, American race car driver and engineer (d. 2018)
* 1931 – Jon Stone, American composer, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1997)
* 1932 – Orlando Letelier, Chilean-American economist and politician, Chilean Minister of National Defense (d. 1976)
* 1933 – Ben Nighthorse Campbell, American soldier and politician
* 1934 – John Muckler, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager
* 1936 – Pierre Rosenberg, French historian and academic
* 1937 – Col Joye, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1937 – Edward Fox, English actor
* 1937 – Lanford Wilson, American playwright, co-founded the Circle Repertory Company (d. 2011)
* 1938 – Klaus Lehnertz, German pole vaulter
* 1938 – John Weston, English poet and diplomat
* 1939 – Seamus Heaney, Irish poet and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
* 1939 – Paul Sorvino, American actor and singer
* 1940 – Mike Beuttler, Egyptian-English racing driver (d. 1988)
* 1940 – Lester Chambers, American singer and musician
* 1940 – J. M. G. Le Clézio, Breton French-Mauritian author and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
* 1940 – Vladimir Cosma, French composer, conductor and violinist
* 1940 – Jim McNab, Scottish footballer (d. 2006)
* 1940 – Max Mosley, English racing driver and engineer, co-founded March Engineering, former president of the FIA
* 1940 – Ruby Puryear Hearn, African-American biophysicist
* 1941 – Michael Stuart Brown, American geneticist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
* 1941 – Jean-Marc Reiser, French author and illustrator (d. 1983)
* 1942 – Bill Conti, American composer and conductor
* 1943 – Alan Jones, Australian rugby coach, radio host, and educator
* 1943 – Billy Kidd, American skier
* 1943 – Tim Krabbé, Dutch journalist and author
* 1943 – Philip Norman, English journalist, author, and playwright
* 1944 – Franco Arese, Italian runner
* 1944 – Charles Burnett, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
* 1944 – Jack Casady, American bass guitarist
* 1944 – Susan Davis, Russian-American social worker and politician
* 1945 – Ed Caruthers, American high jumper
* 1945 – Tony Dow, American actor
* 1945 – Lowell George, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 1979)
* 1945 – Bob Kalsu, American football player and lieutenant (d. 1970)
* 1945 – Judy Nunn, Australian actress and author
* 1946 – Al Green, American singer-songwriter, producer, and pastor
* 1947 – Rae Armantrout, American poet and academic
* 1947 – Mike Chapman, Australian-English songwriter and producer
* 1947 – Jean-Jacques Laffont, French economist and academic (d. 2004)
* 1947 – Yves Landry, Canadian cyclist
* 1948 – Nam Hae-il, South Korean admiral
* 1948 – Drago Jančar, Slovenian author and playwright
* 1948 – Mikhail Shufutinsky, Soviet and Russian singer, actor, TV presenter
* 1949 – Len Cook, New Zealand-English mathematician and statistician
* 1949 – Frank Doran, Scottish lawyer and politician (d. 2017)
* 1949 – Christopher Hitchens, English-American essayist, literary critic, and journalist (d. 2011)
* 1949 – Ricardo Zunino, Argentinian racing driver
* 1950 – Ron Perlman, American actor
* 1950 – Tommy Raudonikis, Australian rugby league player and coach
* 1951 – Leszek Borysiewicz, Welsh immunologist and academic
* 1951 – Peabo Bryson, American singer-songwriter and producer
* 1951 – Peter Davison, English actor
* 1951 – Joachim Streich, German footballer and manager
* 1951 – Max Weinberg, American drummer
* 1952 – Sam Bush, American mandolin player
* 1952 – David Drew, English lawyer and politician
* 1952 – Gabrielle Gourdeau, Canadian writer (d. 2006)
* 1952 – Jonjo O'Neill, Irish jockey and trainer
* 1953 – Stephen Byers, English politician
* 1953 – Dany Laferrière, Haitian-Canadian journalist and author
* 1954 – Jimmy Destri, American keyboard player and songwriter
* 1954 – Niels Olsen, Danish singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1954 – Barbara Roche, English lawyer and politician
* 1955 – Steve Camp, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1955 – Muwenda Mutebi II, current King of Buganda Kingdom
* 1955 – Louis Johnson, American bass player and producer (d. 2015)
* 1955 – Lupe Pintor, Mexican boxer
* 1955 – Ole von Beust, German lawyer and politician, 1st Mayor of Hamburg
* 1956 – Possum Bourne, New Zealand racing driver (d. 2003)
* 1956 – Alan Devonshire, English footballer and manager
* 1956 – Edward Forbes Smiley III, American art thief and map dealer
* 1957 – Amy Goodman, American journalist and author
* 1957 – Saundra Santiago, American actress
* 1960 – Lyn Brown, English social worker and politician
* 1960 – Bob Casey, Jr., American lawyer and politician, senior senator of Pennsylvania
* 1960 – Olaf Ludwig, German cyclist and manager
* 1960 – Rudi Völler, German footballer and manager
* 1961 – Hiro Yamamoto, American bass player and songwriter
* 1962 – Hillel Slovak, Israeli-American guitarist (d. 1988)
* 1963 – Garry Kasparov, Russian chess player and author
* 1964 – Davis Love III, American golfer and sportscaster
* 1964 – Caroline Rhea, Canadian actress and comedian
* 1964 – John Swinney, Scottish businessman and politician, Deputy First Minister of Scotland
* 1965 – Patricio Pouchulu, Argentinian architect and educator
* 1966 – Ali Boumnijel, Tunisian footballer
* 1966 – Marc Ford, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer
* 1967 – Dana Barros, American basketball player, coach, and sportscaster
* 1967 – Michael Eisen, American biologist and academic
* 1967 – Olga Tañón, Puerto Rican-American singer-songwriter
* 1968 – Ted Washington, American football player
* 1969 – Dirk Muschiol, German footballer
* 1970 – Monty Brown, American football player and wrestler
* 1970 – Gerry Creaney, Scottish footballer and manager
* 1970 – Nick Garrett, English singer
* 1970 – Szilveszter Csollány, Hungarian gymnast
* 1970 – Ricardo Rincón, Mexican-American baseball player
* 1970 – Ricky Schroder, American actor
* 1971 – Franck Esposito, French swimmer
* 1971 – Danie Mellor, Australian painter and sculptor
* 1971 – Bo Outlaw, American basketball player
* 1971 – Valensia, Dutch singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
* 1972 – Mariusz Czerkawski, Polish ice hockey player and golfer
* 1972 – Aaron Lewis, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1974 – Valentina Cervi, Italian actress
* 1974 – Sergei Gonchar, Russian ice hockey player
* 1974 – Darren Turner, English racing driver
* 1974 – David Zdrilic, Australian footballer and manager
* 1975 – Jasey-Jay Anderson, Canadian snowboarder
* 1975 – Lou Bega, German singer-songwriter
* 1975 – Bruce Dyer, English footballer
* 1975 – Tatiana Navka, Russian ice dancer
* 1976 – Jonathan Brandis, American actor (d. 2003)
* 1976 – Patrik Eliáš, Czech-American ice hockey player
* 1976 – Glenn Howerton, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
* 1977 – Margus Tsahkna, Estonian lawyer and politician
* 1978 – Arron Asham, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1978 – Carles Puyol, Spanish footballer
* 1978 – Raemon Sluiter, Dutch tennis player
* 1978 – Keydrick Vincent, American football player
* 1979 – Gréta Arn, Hungarian tennis player
* 1979 – Baron Davis, American basketball player
* 1979 – Tony Lundon, Irish singer-songwriter, producer, and dancer
* 1979 – Meghann Shaughnessy, American tennis player
* 1980 – Colleen Clinkenbeard, American voice actress, director, producer, and screenwriter
* 1980 – Jason Maguire, Irish jockey
* 1980 – Alan Melikdjanian, American independent filmmaker and YouTuber
* 1980 – Quentin Richardson, American basketball player
* 1981 – Nat Borchers, American soccer player
* 1981 – Gemma Doyle, Scottish politician
* 1982 – Nellie McKay, British-American singer-songwriter, musician, and actress
* 1983 – Claudio Bravo, Chilean footballer
* 1983 – Schalk Burger, South African rugby player
* 1983 – Nicole Cooke, Welsh cyclist
* 1983 – Hunter Pence, American baseball player
* 1984 – Jarmo Ahjupera, Estonian footballer
* 1984 – Anders Lindegaard, Danish footballer
* 1985 – Anna Jennings-Edquist, Australian actress, director, and playwright
* 1985 – Algo Kärp, Estonian skier
* 1985 – Cody Nickson, American reality television personality
* 1986 – Michael Bingham, American-English sprinter
* 1986 – Lorenzo Cain, American baseball player
* 1987 – Brandon Hardesty, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
* 1987 – Massimiliano Pesenti, Italian footballer
* 1987 – Allison Weiss, American singer-songwriter
* 1988 – Anderson, Brazilian footballer
* 1988 – Petteri Koponen, Finnish basketball player
* 1988 – Allison Williams, American actress and singer
* 1989 – Ryan Bailey, American sprinter
* 1989 – Dong Dong, Chinese trampolinist
* 1989 – Nastassia Mironchyk-Ivanova, Belarusian long jumper
* 1989 – Josh Reynolds, Australian rugby league player
* 1989 – Vladislav Yegin, Russian ice hockey player
* 1990 – Anastasija Sevastova, a professional tennis player from Latvia
* 1991 – Akeem Adams, Trinidadian footballer (d. 2013)
* 1991 – Ulises Dávila, Mexican footballer
* 1991 – Josh Gordon, American football player
* 1992 – Denis Kudryavtsev, Russian hurdler
* 1992 – Jordan Silk, Australian cricketer
* 1993 – Tony Wroten, American basketball player
* 1994 – Ángelo Henríquez, Chilean footballer
* 1994 – Elvis Merzļikins, Latvian ice hockey player
* 1997 – Kyle Walker-Peters, English footballer

## Deaths

* 548 – Lý Nam Đế, Vietnamese emperor (b. 503)
* 585 – Hermenegild, Visigothic prince and saint
* 799 – Paul the Deacon, Italian monk and historian (b. 720)
* 814 – Krum, khan of the Bulgarian Khanate
* 862 – Donald I, king of the Picts (b. 812)
* 989 – Bardas Phokas, Byzantine general
* 1035 – Herbert I, Count of Maine
* 1093 – Vsevolod I of Kiev (b. 1030)
* 1113 – Ida of Lorraine, saint and noblewoman (b. c. 1040)
* 1138 – Simon I, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1076)
* 1213 – Guy of Thouars, regent of Brittany
* 1275 – Eleanor of England (b. 1215)
* 1367 – John Tiptoft, 2nd Baron Tibetot (b. 1313)
* 1592 – Bartolomeo Ammannati, Italian architect and sculptor (b. 1511)
* 1605 – Boris Godunov, Tsar of Russia (b. 1551)
* 1612 – Sasaki Kojirō, Japanese samurai (b. 1585)
* 1635 – Fakhr-al-Din II, Ottoman prince (b. 1572)
* 1638 – Henri, Duke of Rohan (b. 1579)
* 1641 – Richard Montagu, English bishop (b. 1577)
* 1695 – Jean de La Fontaine, French author and poet (b. 1621)
* 1716 – Arthur Herbert, 1st Earl of Torrington, English admiral and politician (b. 1648)
* 1722 – Charles Leslie, Irish priest and theologian (b. 1650)
* 1793 – Pierre Gaspard Chaumette, French botanist, lawyer, and politician (b. 1763)
* 1794 – Nicolas Chamfort, French playwright and poet (b. 1741)
* 1826 – Franz Danzi, German cellist, composer, and conductor (b. 1763)
* 1853 – Leopold Gmelin, German chemist and academic (b. 1788)
* 1853 – James Iredell, Jr., American lawyer and politician, 23rd Governor of North Carolina (b. 1788)
* 1855 – Henry De la Beche, English geologist and palaeontologist (b. 1796)
* 1868 – Tewodros II of Ethiopia (b. 1818)
* 1880 – Robert Fortune, Scottish botanist and author (b. 1813)
* 1882 – Bruno Bauer, German historian and philosopher (b. 1809)
* 1886 – John Humphrey Noyes, American religious leader, founded the Oneida Community (b. 1811)
* 1890 – Samuel J. Randall, American captain, lawyer, and politician, 33rd Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (b. 1828)
* 1899 – James Service, Scottish-Australian politician, 12th Premier of Victoria (b. 1823)
* 1909 – Whitley Stokes, Anglo-Irish lawyer and scholar (b. 1830)
* 1910 – William Quiller Orchardson, Scottish-English painter and educator (b. 1835)
* 1911 – John McLane, Scottish-American politician, 50th Governor of New Hampshire (b. 1852)
* 1911 – George Washington Glick, American lawyer and politician, 9th Governor of Kansas (b. 1827)
* 1912 – Takuboku Ishikawa, Japanese poet and author (b. 1886)
* 1917 – Diamond Jim Brady, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1856)
* 1918 – Lavr Kornilov, Russian general (b. 1870)
* 1927 – Georg Voigt, German politician, Mayor of Frankfurt (b. 1866)
* 1936 – Konstantinos Demertzis, Greek politician 129th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1876)
* 1938 – Grey Owl, English-Canadian environmentalist and author (b. 1888)
* 1941 – Annie Jump Cannon, American astronomer and academic (b. 1863)
* 1941 – William Twaits, Canadian soccer player (b. 1879)
* 1942 – Henk Sneevliet, Dutch politician (b. 1883)
* 1942 – Anton Uesson, Estonian engineer and politician, 17th Mayor of Tallinn (b. 1879)
* 1944 – Cécile Chaminade, French pianist and composer (b. 1857)
* 1945 – Ernst Cassirer, Polish-American philosopher and academic (b. 1874)
* 1954 – Samuel Jones, American high jumper (b. 1880)
* 1954 – Angus Lewis Macdonald, Canadian lawyer and politician, 12th Premier of Nova Scotia (b. 1890)
* 1956 – Emil Nolde, Danish-German painter and educator (b. 1867)
* 1959 – Eduard van Beinum, Dutch pianist, violinist, and conductor (b. 1901)
* 1961 – John A. Bennett, American soldier (b. 1935)
* 1962 – Culbert Olson, American lawyer and politician, 29th Governor of California (b. 1876)
* 1966 – Abdul Salam Arif, Iraqi colonel and politician, 2nd President of Iraq (b. 1921)
* 1966 – Carlo Carrà, Italian painter (b. 1881)
* 1966 – Georges Duhamel, French soldier and author (b. 1884)
* 1967 – Nicole Berger, French actress (b. 1934)
* 1969 – Alfred Karindi, Estonian pianist and composer (b. 1901)
* 1971 – Michel Brière, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1949)
* 1971 – Juhan Smuul, Estonian author, poet, and screenwriter (b. 1921)
* 1975 – Larry Parks, American actor and singer (b. 1914)
* 1975 – François Tombalbaye, Chadian soldier, academic, and politician, 1st President of Chad (b. 1918)
* 1978 – Jack Chambers, Canadian painter and director (b. 1931)
* 1978 – Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, Nigerian educator and women's rights activist (b. 1900)
* 1980 – Markus Höttinger, Austrian racing driver (b. 1956)
* 1983 – Gerry Hitchens, English footballer (b. 1934)
* 1983 – Theodore Stephanides, Greek physician, author, and poet (b. 1896)
* 1984 – Ralph Kirkpatrick, American harp player and musicologist (b. 1911)
* 1988 – Jean Gascon, Canadian actor and director (b. 1920)
* 1992 – Maurice Sauvé, Canadian economist and politician (b. 1923)
* 1992 – Feza Gürsey, Turkish mathematician and physicist (b. 1921)
* 1992 – Daniel Pollock, Australian actor (b. 1968)
* 1993 – Wallace Stegner, American novelist, short story writer, and essayist (b. 1909)
* 1996 – Leila Mackinlay, English author and educator (b. 1910)
* 1997 – Bryant Bowles, American soldier and activist, founded the National Association for the Advancement of White People (b. 1920)
* 1997 – Alan Cooley, Australian public servant (b. 1920)
* 1997 – Dorothy Frooks, American author and actress (b. 1896)
* 1997 – Voldemar Väli, Estonian wrestler (b. 1903)
* 1998 – Patrick de Gayardon, French skydiver and base jumper (b. 1960)
* 1999 – Ortvin Sarapu, Estonian-New Zealand chess player and author (b. 1924)
* 1999 – Willi Stoph, German engineer and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of East Germany (b. 1914)
* 2000 – Giorgio Bassani, Italian author and poet (b. 1916)
* 2000 – Frenchy Bordagaray, American baseball player and manager (b. 1910)
* 2004 – Caron Keating, Northern Irish television host (b. 1962)
* 2005 – Don Blasingame, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1932)
* 2005 – Johnnie Johnson, American pianist and songwriter (b. 1924)
* 2005 – Phillip Pavia, American painter and sculptor (b. 1912)
* 2005 – Philippe Volter, Belgian actor and director (b. 1959)
* 2006 – Bill Baker, American baseball player, coach, and umpire (b. 1911)
* 2006 – Muriel Spark, Scottish novelist, poet, and critic (b. 1918)
* 2008 – John Archibald Wheeler, American physicist and academic (b. 1911)
* 2009 – Mark Fidrych, American baseball player (b. 1954)
* 2009 – Bruce Snyder, American football player and coach (b. 1940)
* 2009 – George Feigley, American sex cult leader, convicted rapist and two-time prison escapee (b. 1940)
* 2012 – William B. Buffum, American soldier and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Lebanon (b. 1921)
* 2012 – Cecil Chaudhry, Pakistani pilot, academic, and activist (b. 1941)
* 2012 – Shūichi Higurashi, Japanese illustrator (b. 1936)
* 2012 – David S. Smith, American diplomat, United States Ambassador to Sweden (b. 1918)
* 2012 – Robert Wigmore, Cook Islander politician, 14th Deputy Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (b. 1949)
* 2013 – Chi Cheng, American bass player (b. 1970)
* 2013 – Stephen Dodgson, English composer and educator (b. 1924)
* 2013 – Dean Drummond, American composer and conductor (b. 1949)
* 2013 – Vincent Montana, Jr., American drummer and composer (b. 1928)
* 2013 – Lin Yang-kang, Taiwanese politician, 29th Vice Premier of the Republic of China (b. 1927)
* 2014 – Fred Enke, American football player (b. 1924)
* 2014 – Ernesto Laclau, Argentinian-Spanish philosopher and theorist (b. 1935)
* 2014 – Michael Ruppert, American journalist and author (b. 1951)
* 2014 – Rafał Sznajder, Polish fencer (b. 1972)
* 2015 – Gerald Calabrese, American basketball player and politician (b. 1925)
* 2015 – Ronnie Carroll, Irish singer and politician (b. 1934)
* 2015 – Thelma Coyne Long, Australian tennis player and captain (b. 1918)
* 2015 – Eduardo Galeano, Uruguayan journalist and author (b. 1940)
* 2015 – Günter Grass, German novelist, poet, playwright, and illustrator, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1927)
* 2015 – Herb Trimpe, American author and illustrator (b. 1939)
* 2016 – Nera White, American basketball player (b. 1935)
* 2017 – Dan Rooney, American football executive and former United States Ambassador to Ireland (b. 1932)
* 2018 – Art Bell, American broadcaster and author (b. 1945)
* 2019 – Neus Català, Anti-fascist activist (b. 1915)
* 2019 – Yvette Williams, New Zealand athlete (b. 1929)

## Holidays and observances

* Christian feast day:
	+ Hermenegild
	+ Blessed Ida of Louvain
	+ Pope Martin I
	+ April 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
* Jefferson's Birthday (United States)
* Katyn Memorial Day (Poland)
* South and Southeast Asian New Year. *(see April 14)*
* Teacher's Day (Ecuador)
* Unfairly Prosecuted Persons Day (Slovakia)

## References

1. ↑ Chrysogonus Waddell (1999). *Narrative and Legislative Texts from Early Cîteaux: Latin Text in Dual Edition with English Translation and Notes*. Abbaye de Cîteaux. p. 429.
2. ↑ University Lecturer in History David Abulafia (1995). *The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 5, C.1198-c.1300*. Cambridge University Press. p. 525. ISBN 978-0-521-36289-4.
3. ↑ John Ward Dean; George Folsom; John Gilmary Shea (1860). *Historical Magazine: And Notes and Queries Concerning the Antiquities, History, and Biography of America*. Henry B. Dawson. pp. 289.
4. ↑ Steven Mueller (2007). *The Wittelsbach Dynasty*. Waldmann Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-9702576-3-5.
5. ↑ Joseph N. Tylenda (2003). *Saints and Feasts of the Liturgical Year*. Georgetown University Press. p. 150. ISBN 0-87840-399-X.
6. ↑ Thomas Adolphus Trollope (1856). *The Girlhood of Catherine De' Medici*. Chapman and Hall. pp. 5.
7. ↑ Antonia Fraser (1 October 1996). *Faith and Treason: the Gunpowder Plot*. Doubleday Canada. p. 70. ISBN 978-0-385-25620-9.
8. ↑ "Lucy Craft Laney (1854-1933)".
9. ↑ "John Cameron". *archive.mehstg.com*. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
10. ↑ Reginald, Robert; Menville, Douglas; Burgess, Mary A., eds. (2010). *Science Fiction and Fantasy Literature - Volume II*. Wildside Press. p. 1099. ISBN 9780941028776.
11. ↑ "Kyle Walker-Peters". *soccerbase.com*. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
12. ↑ Psellus, Michael (1966). *Fourteen Byzantine Rulers: The Chronographia of Michael Psellus*. New York: Penguin Classics. pp. 400. ISBN 978-0-14-0441697.
13. ↑ Johnson-Odim, Cheryl; Mba, Nina Emma (1997). *For women and the nation : Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti of Nigeria*. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. pp. 27 & 170. ISBN 0-252-02313-7. OCLC 35269874.
14. ↑ Michael Eaude (2019-04-19). "Neus Català obituary". *The Guardian*. Retrieved 2019-04-22.
15. ↑ "Olympic gold medallist Yvette Corlett (Williams) has died, aged 89". *Stuff.co.nz*. 14 April 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2020.

## External links

* BBC: On This Day
* *The New York Times*: On This Day
* Historical Events on April 13
* Today in Canadian History