High Lord Henry III

**High Lord Henry III** (**Henry III, King of England, Lord of Ireland and Duke of Aquitaine** in game) is the king of the Kingdom of England. He starts as the initial lord of London.

There's possible that Henry III eventually fall in battle after being mortally wounded, or assassinated. He was succeeded by his successor and eldest son, Duke Edward Longshanks.

You may fight him as you help King Simon de Montfort, the corresponding claimant, overthrow him and gain control of the kingdom.

## Historical Background

Henry was born as Henry of Winchester on 1 October 1207 in Winchester Castle, England. He was the eldest son and heir of the pervious English King John Lackland (r. 1199 – 1216), and member of the Plantagenet Dynasty. Henry was nine years old when his father died. At that time London and much of eastern England were in the hands of rebel barons led by Prince Louis (later King Louis VIII of France), son of the French king Philip II Augustus. A council of regency presided over by the venerable William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, was formed to rule for Henry; by 1217 the rebels had been defeated and Louis forced to withdraw from England. After Pembroke’s death in 1219 Hubert de Burgh ran the government until he was dismissed by Henry in 1232. Two ambitious Frenchmen, Peter des Roches and Peter des Rivaux, then dominated Henry’s regime until the barons brought about their expulsion in 1234. That event marked the beginning of Henry’s personal rule.

Although Henry was charitable and cultured, he lacked the ability to rule effectively. In diplomatic and military affairs he proved to be arrogant yet cowardly, ambitious yet impractical. The breach between the King and his barons began as early as 1237, when the barons expressed outrage at the influence exercised over the government by Henry’s Savoyard relatives. The marriage arranged (1238) by Henry between his sister, Eleanor, and his brilliant young French favourite, Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, increased foreign influence and further aroused the nobility’s hostility. By 1242 Henry’s Lusignan half brothers involved him in a costly and disastrous military venture in France. Finally, in 1254 Henry made a serious blunder, and concluded an agreement with Pope Innocent IV (pope 1243–54), offering to finance papal wars in Sicily if the Pope would grant his infant son, Edmund, the Sicilian crown. Four years later Pope Alexander IV (pope 1254–61) threatened to excommunicate Henry for failing to meet this financial obligation.

In April 1264 Montfort, who had emerged as Henry’s major baronial opponent, raised a rebellion; the following month he defeated and captured the King and his eldest son, Edward, at the Battle of Lewes on May 14, 1264 in Sussex. Montfort ruled England in Henry’s name until he was defeated and killed by Edward at the Battle of Evesham, Worcestershire, in August 1265.

In his final six or seven years of his reign, Henry was weak and senile which he allowed Edward to take charge of the government. His reconstruction was slow and Henry had to acquiesce to various measures, including further suppression of the Jews, to maintain baronial and popular support. Henry, aged sixty-five years old, died on 16 November 1272 at Westminster, and his eldest son, Edward succeeded him as Edward I who than reigned for 34 years.

## Trivia

### Historically

* Even though that Henry was king of England, the royal titles of European is either King, Emperor, and High Duke in Medieval Conquest; he was given the royal title of High Lord, presumably because of his status as High Lord/Lord of Ireland.
	+ Historically; Henry granted Ireland to his son, Edward I, in 1254 on condition that it would never be separated from the Crown.
	+ King Brian Ua Néill, monarch of the Gaelic Kingdoms claimed the title of High King of Ireland from 1258 to 1260, until his defeat and death in the Battle of Druim Dearg (also known as the Battle of Down).

### In game

* Henry III is the only monarch who is also treason his vassals if they hostile to him.
* Like most Medieval monarchs, Henry III is the only one who give away a fief with most supporters, and seems to be a humble king which give towns and castles to his vassals that was loyal or deserves the fief. Even his capital city fief had been taken, he always giving fiefs to his vassals until fiving himself a mere castle and town.
* He and Emir Mohammed I Idn Nasr is the only monarchs in Medieval Conquest that only had 2,400 renown at the start of the game. Henry III is also known for his army to grow past 240+ troops while his renown had increase.

## Notes

1. ↑ While Henry is king and monarch of England, his royal authority had questioned, and had poorly, which was ruled by his barons subjects. However the title "High Lord" origin is that his rule of South-eastern Ireland, including English-controlled Dublin.
2. ↑ He is the King of England (r. 1207 – 1272) and Lord of Ireland (contested by King Brian Ua Néill as High King of Ireland).

 Duke Edward Longshanks •
Duke Guy de Montford •
Duke Peter II of Savoy •
Duke Roger Mortimer
Duke William de Valence •
Count Baldwin de Redvers •
Count Boniface of Savoy •
Count John FitzAlan
Count John de Warenne •
Count Richard of Clare •
Count Roger Bigod •
Count Roger de Northwode
Count Walter of Durham •
Count William Maudit •
Baron Edmund de Lacy •
Baron Henry of Almain
Baron Hugh de Vere •
Baron Humphrey de Bohun •
Baron John Maunsell •
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