Khanate of Kalat

The **Khanate of Kalat** is a nation located southeast of the Empire of Iran, south of the Kingdom of Afghanistan and southwest of the Kingdom of Pakistan. Kalat is a rural and feudal country ruled by an elderly Khagan and the government is under control of the Baluchistan Liberation Army. Kalat is sadly dominated by the most barbaric of tribal politics as the people are sadly poor and uneducated.

## History

### Origins

Its commonly believed that the Khans of Kalat are Brahui Rakhshani. The Arabic title "Amir" also called Balochi "Mir" this Balochi title before the Mongol conquest, the title "Mir" comes from the Balochi Karmatians. The Kalat Khans also gave equal rights to the Brahui leaders. According to (**Asiatic Society of Bengal 1843**) the Kalat Khans considered themselves the descendants of Hamza (the uncle of the Prophet Muhammad) information from Mehrab II of Kalat himself that he could trace his lineage for twenty-three generations, and that his ancestors emigrated from Halab (Aleppo). Genealogy: Meeroo Khan, son of Mahommed Khan, son of Husen Khan, son of Isak Khan, son of Ahmad Khan, son of Gulo Khan, son of Pervez Khan, son of Kahloo Khan, son of Madil Khan, son of Noot Khan, son of Bazan Khan, son of Ayalee Khan, son of Zan Khan, son of Matan Khan, son of Sairan Khan, son of Rind Khan, son of Jalal Khan, son of Hareen Khan, son of Gul Kharaj, son of Jarkh Taj, son of Baloch Khan Leghariy, son of Satookee, son of Ilm-i-Mardame, son of Badee Uzzuman, son of Ameer Humzah, son of Abdu Mutalib, son of Abdu Manaf, son of Abdul Hasham. Isak Khan had two sons, Saheek and Khusen Khan. Mir Chakar Rind is the son of Saheek and he was from the Baloch tribe of Rind. So the Kalat's Khans also reportedly considered themselves to be the descendants of Rind and Baloch Khan Leghari.

### Early History

Kalat was a Baloch principality, having been conquered from the Siwas (the Scythians) by the early migrating Baloch stocks. It was ruled by Mir Umar, son of Miro of the Mirwarri dynasty of the Brahu'i speaking Balochs. The Khans of Kalat had no imperial interests and was an economically poor country, but it was quite formidable. Back in the XII century, Minhaj-i-Siraj speaks of the area in the eastern part of Seistan, which bore the name,*Gumbaz - i Baluch* (Dome of the Baluch). This dome was the border of the Kalat-emirs (**Tabakat - i Nasiri**). The Paratarajas kingdom was founded here before the Christian era, and the Baluchis, according to researchers, are their descendants. According to **Tarikh-i Harat** and **Tarikh-i Sistan**, a major uprising of the Baloch tribes took place in the very south of Afghanistan, which was destroyed by the Caliph Al-Mahdi Abbasid himself.

In the 12th and 13th century, Tarikh-i-Masumi records the presence of Balochis during the reign of Muhammad Tughlaq(1326–27). According to Ta'rikh-i Ihya' al-muluk, at the end of the 16th century, the Kelat region (former Turan) was under the control of the Safavids. But at the beginning of the 17th century, the Baluch tribe of Lashari stood up against the Sistan Khan and the Kermanian Beglar-Begi, and took control of Turan and Makran, until the Kelat Khanate appeared.

### First Khanate

The Khanate of Kalat was founded in 1666 by Mir Ahmad Khan. Soon after, a Mughal force fled Kandahar and occupied Quetta, Mastung, and Mangocher. In 1667, this force was decisively defeated in the Quetta valley and the Khanate managed to regain the occupied districts along with Chagai. Samandar Khan was summoned to Multan by the Mughals and Kerman by the Safavids. The Mughal prince paid tribute to Samandar Khan whereas Safavid Beglar Begi presented Samandar Khan with a robe of gold, and paid tribute. The Khanate reached at its peak during the period of Khan of Kalat Mir Noori Naseer Khan, in 1758, who unified Kalat region under his flag. Amongst this Period, Kalat was under the Suzerainty of the Durrani Empire, and did not achieve Independence until 1818. The territories controlled by the state fluctuated over the centuries but eventually were established by treaties with the British Agent Robert Sandeman in the late 19th century. Parts of the state to the north and northeast were leased or ceded to form the province of British Baluchistan which later gained the status of a Chief Commissioners province.

### Ascension to Pakistan

The province's Shahi Jirga and the non-official members of the Quetta Municipality, according to Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema agreed to join Pakistan on 29 June 1947; however, according to political scientist Rafi Sheikh, the Shahi Jirga was stripped of its members from the Kalat State prior to the vote. The then president of the Baluchistan Muslim League, Qazi Muhammad Isa, informed Muhammad Ali Jinnah that "Shahi Jirga in no way represents the popular wishes of the masses" and that members of the Kalat State were "excluded from voting; only representatives from the British part of the province voted and the British part included the leased areas of Quetta, Nasirabad Tehsil, Nushki and Bolan Agency." Following the referendum, the Khan of Kalat, on 22 June 1947, received a letter from members of the Shahi Jirga, as well as sardars from the leased areas of Baluchistan, stating that they, "as a part of the Baloch nation, were a part of the Kalat state too" and that if the question of Baluchistan's accession to Pakistan arise, "they should be deemed part of the Kalat state rather than (British) Balochistan". This has brought into question whether an actual vote took place in the town hall "and that the announcement in favour of accession was secured through sheer manipulation."

On the night of 27 March, All India Radio carried a story about Yar Khan approaching India with an unsuccessful request for accession in around February. The next morning, Yar Khan would put out a public broadcast rejecting its veracity and declare an immediate accession to Pakistan — all remaining differences were to be placed before Jinnah, whose decision would be binding.

Dushka H Saiyid emphasizes that Yar Khan lost all of his bargaining chips with the accession of Kharan, Las Bela, and Mekran leaving Kalat islanded; he did not have any other way out. Salman Rafi Sheikh largely concurs with Saiyid's assessment: multiple other Kalat sardars were preparing to secede to Pakistan and Yar Khan would have hardly any territory left, if he did not accede.

### Independence

Iran during its invasion of Pakistan had helped the Balochi people gain their independence in order to establish a nation for the Balochi peoples of Pakistan and Iran in order to prevent the Iranian Balochi people from causing trouble for the Shah. Iran's Baloch citizens were not allowed representation unless they were loyal to the Shahanshah in his operation of stabilizing the Baloch State and creating a strong government. This prompted many Balochi peoples to commit the operation to help create a strong government, by representing the people of the Baloch state and creating a strong government.

Mir Dawood Jan Ahmadzai became Khan of Kalat on October 1 1979 and ruled all the way to 1998 in which his son Mir Suleman Dawood Jan became Khan of Kalat. Kalat participated in the war against India during Iran's expansionism campaign. After helping Iran fight the war against India, Kalat had gained many spoils, but the populace had to suffer terrible burdens such as hunger and this is a problem as it could cause rebellions against the Khagan of Kalat and his government.

## Government

Kalat is an autocratic monarchy ruled by the Khan of Kalat who is in charge of all institutions run by the government which is under his full control as autocrat monarch. Other than the Khan, the entity that has control of the government is the Baluchistan Tribal Council which is led by a Prime Minister and various tribal leaders.

### Cabinet

* **Khagan:** Mir Agha Sulaiman Jan Ahmadzai
* **Crown Prince:** Crown Prince Mohammmad Ahmadzai
* **Grand Vizer:** Asif Ali Zardari
* **Head of Tribal Council:** Khair Bakhsh Marri
* **Second in Command of the Tribal Council:** Aslam Baloch Achu
* **Minister of the Religious Institutions:** Maulana Abdul Aziz
* **Chief of the Zehri tribe:** Nawab Sanaullah Khan Zehri
* **Chief of the Mazari tribe:** Balakh Sher Mazari
* **Chief of the Bugti tribe:** Nawab Akbar Shahbaz Khan Bugti
* **Foreign Minister:** Zulfiqar Ali Khan Magsi
* **Industry Minister:** Asadollah Abbasi
* **Defense Minister:** Balach Marri -
* **Chief of the Marri Tribe:** Hyrbyair Marri
* **Minister of Intelligence:** Changez Khan Marri
* **Chief of the State Forces:** Mehran Marri

## Military

The Balochistan Liberation Army was incorporated as the official army of the Khanate. The Army was nothing more than a insurgency that was founded years ago in Pakistan to advocate for an independent Baluchistan. Ever since Imperial Iran's invasion of Pakistan, the army was then trained by Imperial Iranian soldiers that are ethnic Baloch people and funded with equipment by Imperial Iran. Otherwise the only forces other than the Balochistan Liberation Army are nothing more than tribal warriors who usually only fight with guns and are excellent at gurellia warfare.

## Economy

The Kalat Khanate's economy is largely based upon the production of natural gas, coal, and minerals. Agriculture and livestock also dominate the Baloch economy. Horticultural development is a fairly recent, yet growing phenomenon. Other important economic sectors include fisheries, mining, manufacturing industries, trade and other services being rendered by public and private sector organizations in the Khanate. Kalat's economy is unfortunately a crappy economy and this is sadly due to the country being a largely underdeveloped shithole dominated by tribal politics. Due to the tribal lifestyle of many Pashtun, Baloch and Brahui people, animal husbandry is important, as are trading bazaars found throughout the Khanate.

## Demographics

### Ethnic Groups

Kalat's population density is low due to the mountainous terrain and scarcity of water. The densely populated areas of Kalat are at the coast of the nation or at oasis settlements. The majority ethnic groups of Kalat are Balochis, Iranians, Pashtuns and Sindhis with ethnic minority of Gypsies, Rajiputs and Arabs.

### Religion

According to the 2017 Census, nearly all of the population of Balochistan were Muslims. There were also Hindu and Christian minorities in the Khanate. The Hindu population in the Khanate was approximately 49,133 (including the Scheduled Castes).

### Languages

The languages with the most native speakers in the province are Balochi, spoken by 35.49% of the population, and Pashto, whose share at 35.34% is a marked increase on the 1998 census, when it stood at 29.6%. The Pasthuns mainly inhabit the north of Kalar and form the majority in Quetta. Baloch on the other hand are found throughout Kalat, but most highly concentrated in the west and south of the province. Brahui, formerly counted as Balochi in the census, is spoken by 17.12% mainly in the central part of Kalat. Other languages include Sindhi (4.6%), Saraiki (2.7%), Punjabi (1.1%), and Urdu (0.81%)

## Culture

The Culture of Kalat or simply Baloch culture is defined in terms of religious values, Balochi and Brahui language, literature and traditional values of mutual respect. It has its roots in the Urdu, Balochi, Brahui and Pashto. Folk music, handicraft, drama and Balochi cinema plays a significant role in Baloch culture. Quetta, the provincial capital of Balochistan, has several beautiful historical monuments such as Pirak, Chaukhandi tombs and Quaid-e-Azam Residency. Balochistan celebrates its culture day every year where people from different villages gather together to organise several types of cultural programs. It marks its historical significances across the provincial state. It includes folk music, dance, craft exhibition and other activities.