recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Zebras

Zebras are the depictions of a variety of striped horse-related animals, specifically those of the subgenus *Hippotigris*. There are some striped horse relatives, like the African Wild Ass, which have stripes but are not considered zebras. There are others, like the extinct quagga, which were considered to be zebras despite being red and having stripes reestricted to their neck and face. There are three Zebra species living today, *Equus grevyi*, *Equus quagga*, and *Equus zebra*. *Equus quagga* here is commonly called the Plains zebra, and its extinct relative Equus quagga quagga was the rusty one. The zebra typically found in most media tends to resemble the Plains Zebra the most.

They are popular in American culture. In most early elementary classrooms there will be a skinny alphabet poster that extends horizontally lengthwise across the top side of a wall, with a picture of something that starts with the letter beside it. For Z, zebras are almost always used. Thus, kids are taught about zebras early on, because they start with Z. "Z is for zebra" is a common phrase children are asked to speak when learning the alphabet.

Along with being close to the letter Z, the zebra has also become a symbol of black and white stripes. This pattern is even called "zebra pattern" (though my mom personal called some variations of it the white tiger pattern, that's not the norm). Many smaller animals are named after it. There are many black-and-white striped bugs, fish, and lizards named after zebras. There's even an article here for it. There are some phrases related to it, like "a zebra without its stripes" or "a zebra cannot change its stripes" or to "earn ones stripes" (which could be interpreted as a zebra or a tiger). These show that to people, a stripe represents a unique aspect of ones character. Stripes are interesting and weird. These are similar to some spot idioms, which represent pretty much the same thing, even if stripes and spots feel different. Zebras are their stripes in popular culture. Where some animals can change their colors and appearences, zebras are more restricted. There are several children's books which depict zebras with rainbow stripes.

## Television

Spoilers*This article is about a specific form of media, such as a movie or a video game. Therefore it may contain heavy spoilers so as to best discuss it. You have been warned!*
A zebra is the main character in the movie Madagascar. He longs to leave his tiny exhibit at the New York zoo. After some penguins tell him about their escape plan, he runs too. Through some hijinks, he ends up on Madagascar instead of Kenya.

In My Little Pony, Zecora is a foreigner who lives in the deep, dark scary woods. She is a sort of shamaness, brewing potions, giving advice, and always speaking in rhyme.

1. ↑ https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/56305351-riley-the-rainbow-zebra?from\_search=true&from\_srp=true&qid=BPnFvoynXA&rank=1
Papionini

Papionini is one of the tribes under the taxonomic ranking system. They are a monkey tribe that includes subtribes Macacina and Papionina. They are a group of old world monkeys. Macacina includes all macaques, including the extinct ones. Papionina includes other extinct primates and the living genera of mangabeys, geladas, and baboons.
The Very Hungry Caterpillar

The Hungry Caterpillar is a children's picture book and the adaptions thereof. It was originally written and drawn in 1969 by Eric Carle, a German-American author. You should be sad to hear that this could reflect that memories of his father, drafted into the German army years after his mother returned to Germany due to homesickness, returned from a Russian prison camp at 85 lbs. Eric was also drafted as a teen, but to dig trenches. Later he escaped to America and joined the American army.

*Uroballus carlei* is a Hong Kong jumping spider that cloaks itself as a caterpillar that has been named in Eric Carle's honor.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eric\_Carle&oldid=1122697188
Ursus arctos pyrenaicus

According to Wikipedia this is no longer considered a subspecies, as "DNA evidence" shows only two groups of distinctive enough brown bears to count. This is what I get for not reading the full article before using it as a reference. But it's not like I'm okay with the sole division being based off of unique enough DNA, as I consider the other physical and cultural (their's, not human's) characteristics of the bears to be important enough to count as subspecies. Unless they want to make a sub-category for subspecies. Until then (or until I change my mind), I'm listing this as a subspecies of brown bear. Just as how Wikipedia is rebelling against the science by still listing it as a subspecies and not historically considered subspecies, so too am I listing this as one.

## Distinctions from other subspecies

For now, these pictures may help. They are smaller, but still the largest animal alive in Spain. Wikipedian says that their hairs have a yellowish tinge, and maybe they do up close. They do have blonde, but most of them seem to be more reddish, especially on the top and sides of the body. Around the Pyrenees area the bears have been hybridized with reintroduced Slovenian populations, so they may look different.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subspecies\_of\_brown\_bear&oldid=1132708123
2. ↑ https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/wild-brown-bear-cub-spain?assettype=image&sort=mostpopular&phrase=wild%20brown%20bear%20cub%20spain&license=rf%2Crm
Catarrhini

Catarrhini is a parvorder of monkeys and apes in the taxonimic ranking system. Along with many extinct superfamilies, they also include the still living Cercopithcoidea and Hominoidae. Above them is the order Simiiformes. According to Wikipedia Linnaeus places most species of monkeys in this group in 1758. As time went on tarsiers, monkeys from the Americas, and others were separated from this group. However, it contradicts itself as it says in 1812 Geoffroy established and named the group by combining Cercopithecoidae and Hominoidae together. Currently all living and extinct species of Catarrhini were considered to have originally evolved in Afro-Eurasia. For this reason, they are called old-world monkeys/apes/primates. Cercopithecoidae may also be called old-world monkeys and primates and apes. Unfortunately Wikipedia doesn't tell me when Catarrhini separated from other primate forms, but it was definitely at least 50 million years ago, maybe more.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catarrhini&oldid=1183831230
Troglodytes

This is a genus for some birds traditionally called wrens. The word troglodyte comes from various Greek and Roman reports of African cave-dwelling hunters. Some of the wrens of this genus (or at least eurasian wrens) occasionally hop into small burrows and caves searching for food or building nests. This notion used to be a more common misconception with the belief that wrens actually lived in caves. In 1902 Oberholser proposed that *Anorthura* should replace the name *Troglodytes*. Though troglodytes troglodytes is the type species of the genus (what with having the name double) the genus was originally given to three birds :T.aedon, T. furvus, and T. arundinaceus.

It contains:

* *Troglodytes aedon*
* *Troglodytes cobbi*
* *Troglodytes hiemalis*
* *Troglodytes monticola*
* *Troglodytes ochraceus*
* *Troglodytes pacificus*
* *Troglodytes rufociliatus*
* *Troglodytes rufulus*
* *Troglodytes sissonii*
* *Troglodytes solstitialis*
* *Troglodytes tanneri*
* *Troglodytes troglodytes*

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Troglodytae&oldid=1183366954
2. ↑ https://www.jstor.org/stable/4069309?searchText=%28troglodytes%29&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoAdvancedSearch%3Fq0%3Dtroglodytes%26f0%3Dall%26c1%3DAND%26f1%3Dall%26acc%3Don&ab\_segments=0%2Fbasic\_search\_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3Acb05dccc1c95952ec7fdc4f2d40aa287&seq=2
Sardinops sagax

The sardinops sagax is a member of the sardine family. Sagax is the only member of its genus. Unlike other fish, its common English names refer to its subspecies rather than species, which is fine by me.

## caeruleus

Called the Californian pilchard or blue-bait (perhaps a store term?)

## *neopilchardus*

This can be called the Australian pilchard or the blue pilchard. They are found in the Gippsand Lakes. All together the Australian pilchard is southern Australia's highest caught sardine, however almost all of those fish are used for catching southern bluefin tuna. The rest is used as human or pet food or commercial baits.

## ocellatus

The Pacific sardine or Southern African pilchard.

## sagax

Peruvian Pacific sardine. It is sold in stores under the (translated?) label of sardine. It may also be the South American pilchard or the Chilean sardine, but I'm not sure, as Wikipedia mistakenly tries to label these as different subspecies while also using the same subspecies name.

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sardinops&oldid=1058461624
2. ↑ https://www.water.vic.gov.au/\_\_data/assets/pdf\_file/0025/541519/IEC2021\_Fish-Summary-and-Veg-Maps\_East-Gippsland.pdf
3. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peruvian\_Pacific\_sardine&oldid=1058461690
Sylvilagus floridanus

The eastern cottontail is a rabbit native to North and South America. It is invasive to New England and Europe.

Subspecies:

* North of Mexico
	+ *Sylvilagus floridanus alacer*
	+ *Sylvilagus floridanus chapmani*
	+ *Sylvilagus floridanus floridanus*
	+ *Sylvilagus floridanus mallurus*
* Mexico and Central America
	+ *Sylvilagus floridanus aztecus*
	+ *Sylvilagus floridanus connectens*
	+ *Sylvilagus floridanus hondurensis*
	+ *Sylvilagus floridanus macrocorpus*
	+ *Sylvilagus floridanus orizabae*
	+ *Sylvilagus floridanus yucatanicus*
* South of Isthmus of Panama
	+ *Sylvilagus floridanus avius*
	+ *Sylvilagus floridanus cumanicus*
	+ *Sylvilagus floridanus margaritae*
	+ *Sylvilagus floridanus nigronuchalis*
	+ *Sylvilagus floridanus orinoci*
	+ *Sylvilagus floridanus purgatus*
	+ *Sylvilagus floridanus superciliaris*

## Religion

In A Dictionary Of The Osage Language by Francis la Flesche, the rabbit has several unique words to describe various actions towards it (such as a unique word for "holding down a rabbit"). The "cottontail" is specifically said to be the rabbit in Osage mythology and folklore.

## References

1. ↑ A Dictionary of the Osage Language by Francis La Flesche, page 102.
Nesolagus netscheri

This is a rare rabbit species said to live exclusively in the Barison mountains of Sumatra. As its brother is, it is also striped. Hence, it is the Sumatran Striped Rabbit. Wikipedia says that the rabbit is so rare that the people don't even have a distinguishing name for it, as they are unknown to its whereabouts. Even the words for the modern local people are related to felines or borrowed from foreign languages, suggesting that any original words were lost or simply never formed or they considered it a kind of cat. It was first said to be noticed in the year 2000, when one was photographed. This makes it kind of close to a cryptid, except scientifically verified.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nesolagus&oldid=1124689282
Neogale frenata alleni

The Black Hills long-tailed weasel lives around the Black Hills of South Dakota, USA. That's where the mountain-monument with the Presidents' heads are at. It's listed under here probably as *Putorius arizonensis*. This has since been split, with *arizonensis* going to *Neogale frenata arizonensis*.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.gbif.org/species/5218941
2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Long-tailed\_weasel&oldid=1095471898
3. ↑ https://www.gbif.org/tools/zoom/simple.html?src=//api.gbif.org/v1/image/unsafe/http%3A%2F%2Fn2t.net%2Fark%3A%2F65665%2Fm38cdb38bb-87c2-4d55-8271-ce936959bc0e
Werewolves

This is a modern concept that has roots in ancient times. A werewolf is a human that turns into a anthropomorphic wolf-based beast, often under the influence of the full moon. As monsters and based off of a carnivorous animal with a history of association with violence, they are often aggressive (though this trope is also often subverted).
Numida meleagris reichenowi

Funnily enough the Reichenow's Helmeted Guineafowl is attributed to Oglivie-Grant in 1894, whereas the guineafowl actually discovered by Reichenow is Numida meleagris papillosus. I wonder what the story is behind that? It seems to have been discovered before his...I wonder if he was inspired to study it because of whoever this Oglivie-Grant is/are? It appears in eastern Africa.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.gbif.org/species/6179915
2. ↑ https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=1044B438EE7556BB
3. ↑ https://animal-library.fandom.com/wiki/Numida\_meleagris
4. ↑ https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id444553/
5. ↑ https://eol.org/pages/1298469
The Lion King: Simba's Pride

Spoilers*This article is about a specific form of media, such as a movie or a video game. Therefore it may contain heavy spoilers so as to best discuss it. You have been warned!*
The sequel to The Lion King, this movie features Simba's daughter, Kiara, and the fight between the Scar lioness he kicked out after his takeover of his pride. Kovu, a dark brown lion "adopted" by Scar canonically but supposed to be his son originally, serves as both a villain and a love interest. The movie features the lesson that "we are one" and that little differences don't matter, and that we should all come together, typical for a 2000s film.
Snakes

Snakes are a reality-based concept of a legless, scaly creature. In the English language, the prefix "snake" and the common usage of the word snake is most commonly attributed to creatures that are categorized as belonging to the order Serpentes. Legless lizards are sometimes considered to be snakes. Some snakes, like blind snakes, aren't commonly thought of as snakes at all (or baby snakes if that). Snakes live everywhere except the coldest regions of Earth, Ireland, and a few other places. Due to their unique attributes they often take place in cultural mythology.

## Etymology

The English word "snake" evolved from the Proto-Germanic \*snakô, which was a word for creatures that crawl/slink around; especially legless creatures like snakes, maggots, and worms. It derives from \*snakaną, which in the same language means to crawl. This word came from the Proto-Indo European word "\*sneg-", which means a crawling/creeping thing.

1. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=snake&oldid=68446411
2. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/snakan%C4%85&oldid=56365380
3. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/snak%C3%B4&oldid=67615277
4. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sneg-&oldid=50651297
Wolf Spiders

Wolf Spiders are a kind of spider. Most people declare a wolf spider to be a big spider that's smaller than a tarantula, but bigger than most other spiders. They are considered to be ravenous predators, and may be spared for living in a home for being willing to kill bugs. But they might also be killed for being spiders and frighteningly huge.
Neopets

Neopets is a U.K originated virtual game. It was about raising between 1-4 pets. Neopets garnered hundreds of thousands of users, had a running online "newspaper", and eventually had merchandise. The company has been sold a couple of times and its flash games are no longer available, with only a few buggy ones remaining. In the early 2000s it was famous and kids, teenagers, and adults enjoyed playing Neopets.
鎌鼬

The kamaitachi is a creature in Japanese mythology. Their stories differ from region to region, but ultimately they cause bloodless scratches as a result of outdoor activities, most typically from the wind itself. They are sometimes associated with weasels due to the itachi in their name, which means weasel. However, they are not always considered to be weasels or weasel-like, and in this case its just a similar sound. They are often associated with regions with deep snow. The word kamaitachi itself can be used differently to refer to the bitter wind of winter.

In Japan there are characters in media who are based off of the kamaitachi. One example is in Pokemon, where Sneasel and Weavile are both based on the kamaitachi. In particular they reference the ice association with the word by being an Ice-Type Pokemon, which many Western Japanophiles miss. Anime fans and Japanophiles particularly like the story of the kamaitachi. They mention it every now and then in Youtube videos and articles. Thus it is a popular story of Japanese mythology for Anime fans.

## References

1. ↑ https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%8E%8C%E9%BC%AC&oldid=87681266
Evo

"Evo" is a slightly pinkish/light red tiefling of average height. She sports longer hair on the top of the head and almost none on the sides, two large horns portrude a bit to the sides and look like the horns of a ram, embellished with rings.

Evo is an artificer by trade and believes that the only way to transcend the mortal coil is by the way of machinery. She is pretty bright and comes from a nice family of humans, after studying most of her life she now sets her scope on learning more and more unconventional skills to aid her in the goals of saving the the world (in her eyes atleast, not everyone is keen on being "upgraded" but she thinks its a mercy to be changed and live longer in a way).

Evo is crafty, having created a mechanic friend in the shape of a hyena called Astmo whom she travels with.
Sacred animals

Traditionally we view animals that are "sacred to a culture" as those who are important to a religion, especially an extinct religion. But while I value this viewpoint as a way of thinking, I think maybe we should encourage a new one. Many animals are important to a culture, but while we know they are, we don't see them as sacred to it. We don't really see them as that important, either. It's interesting to me how an ancient culture can have many pieces of art and stories that contain a certain animal, to which it will be then called "sacred", but we don't apply the same to ourselves. If we commonly portray an animal in our own stories, than surely an animal is sacred to our culture, even if we don't use it religiously?

## Western media

Many animals are commonly found in Western media, but as with most cultures, many animals are excluded. Common animals such as Northern Mockingbirds are rarely portrayed; while a handful of other birds are often portrayed, such as robins, crows, and ducks. Some people might think it's about bright colors or a particular distinction, but this isn't true, as many bright colored and/or otherwise interesting birds are excluded. The same can be said for other types of animals-- reptiles, mammals, insects, amphibians, fish, etc. Many of the animals portrayed in Western media are not even local to North America or Britain or Australia nor other Anglo-based areas. African based animals are extremely popular, and a couple Australian animals get some spotlight, but most South American and Asian mammals are ignored, as are many European animals. I think it's important that we explore why this is and what it means for us. But to do so, to bring awareness to it here or in a book, could mean the changing of how we perceive those animals and this issue. Which is part of the point, but the beauty of how we already see it is valuable to me, too. Many of these animals are taught to children early on. It's important for children to learn what these animals are, even if they're mere curiosities and have nothing to do with their real lives. Often they're taught these in school or in children's nature documentaries and nature books. Animals often portrayed in nature fact books but rarely remembered have been excluded from the list below.

#### **List of animals often portrayed in Western stories & knowledge**

* Alligators & Crocodiles
* Antelopes
* Badgers
* Bats
* Bears
* Bulls
* Cats
* Chickens & Roosters
* Crabs & Lobsters
* Cranes, Herons, & Egrets
* Cows
* Coyotes
* Crows & Ravens
* Deer
* Dogs
* Dolphins
* Donkeys
* Doves
* Ducks
* Eagles, Hawks & Falcons
* Egrets
* Fish
* Foxes
* Frogs & Toads
* Geese
* Giraffes
* Goldfish
* Hedgehogs
* Herons
* Hippopotamuses
* Horses
* Hyenas
* Iguanas
* Leopards & Panthers
* Lions
* Lizards
* Mice & Rats
* Monkeys
* Newts & Salamanders
* Octopi
* Parrots
* Pigs
* Pigeons
* Rabbits & Hares
* Raccoons
* Rhinos
* Robins
* Seahorses
* Sharks
* Sheep & Rams
* Spiders
* Snakes
* Stingrays
* Storks
* Swans
* Swordfish
* Tigers
* Vultures
* Weasels
* Whales
* Wildebeests
* Wolves
* Zebras
Hippocampus angustus

The narrow bellied seahorse, or western spiny seahorse or western Australian seahorse, is from western and north Australian waters and north through the the Torres Straight around Papua New Guinea. . It was listed as Least Concern in 2016

## References

1. ↑ https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/102810-Hippocampus-angustus
2. ↑ https://reeflifesurvey.com/species/hippocampus-angustus
3. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/107261486/54907188
Palaeomeryx tricornis

This is an extinct species of early deer or giraffeoid. It is sometimes called Sinomeryx tricornis. As paleontologists have a tendency to force species into solo-genuses instead of grouping them into related genuses as proper with most species, and as the Wikipedia article for *Palaeomeryx* doesn't list any species, and as it is still in use despite claims of it having moved in 1998, I use Palaeomeryx here.

It may have had four horns and the males large canines, like others of its genus. It lived in the early-late Miocene. Scientists have debated whether it is more related to giraffarids or deer, see Palaeomeryx for more information.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.pinterest.com/pin/AYM9YuTiwkk9uhXyK\_EDfP83KPwIzCbhNIb\_I\_QgQregdqC51NGiG1M/
2. ↑ https://www.mindat.org/taxon-9242893.html
3. ↑ https://www.gbif.org/species/9242893
4. ↑ https://www.mindat.org/taxon-P138936.html
Parrots

Parrots are colourful tropical birds infamous for being talking, crazy, biting pets. They are often portrayed as being on somebody's shoulder, as this is what they like to do. Pirates have a stereotype where a captain or another (sometimes high-ranking) crew member has a colorful, semi-talking parrot riding on their shoulder. Parrots are most well known for their ability to use language, and television shows often focus on this aspect of parrots, even though not all parrots can mimic or speak. Parrots have limited language abilities, with some of the most famous ones in real life being able to have simplified grammar and vocabulary. I saw one particular TikTok video of a parrot that wasn't fluent, but could understand English perfectly, but her pronounciation was terrible. It shocked me to my core. It showed how grouchy (at least domesticated) parrots are, and they are sometimes portrayed with a temper in television and other media, true to their real world counterparts. The phrase "Polly want a cracker?" is very common when parrots are shown on television or when people are speaking to parrots in real life, to the point where some people have even recognized it as a sort of slur and portrayed it as such.
The Lion King (franchise)

The Lion King is a Disney franchise based off of the original 1990s film. The Lion King has spun out a series of children's illustration books, a midquel and sequel, a television series, a realistic CGI movie retelling the original film, and many toys and halloween costumes. The Lion King had a somewhat large fandom back in the 2000s, with creators making lion fursonas and OCs.
Vulpes lagopus

The arctic fox is a species of fox that lives in northern North America, Eurasia, and in the arctic circle. It used to be called Alopex lagopus not so long ago. I remembered its original genus name from my Audobon mammals guide, though I got the species name wrong.

## Impact on humans

**Nenets:** They hunt the reindeer calves of Nenet people. The Nenets used to use them for taxes during the Tsarist colonial period. In 2018 a letter was sent out by a representative organization to the YNAO government requesting regulation of the population of arctic foxes due to the increased intensity of attacks on their reindeer calves. Thus an indigenous community has requested the culling of an animal to keep their reindeer herds intact. However, the study also notes that their reindeer are also overpopulated, and their is not enough lichen to supply them during the winter.

**Iceland:** They predate on lambs. As a result Iceland has been routinely culling them since the middle ages. Additionally they have frustrated the local eider conservation program(s) due to predation on nests.

**Western media:** It has followed the trail of the Red Fox in modern media and has become somewhat popular in OCs and the furry community. There are a few on the Fox rescue youtube page and people love to watch them. Some people keep them as exotic pets, though they are hard to obtain and keep. There was a news article about a Chinese woman who thought she was given an Eskimo Dog, but was actually sold an arctic fox puppy. It's claimed that it was cheaper to sell as a dog than selling the dog breed itself, which was why it was captured and sold.

## Impact on animals

Arctic foxes like to accompany polar bears. They are usually friends or just following scavengers, but they can be attacked by the polar bear and eaten.

They are also attacked by red foxes that migrate north with human communities. The human permanent and temporary setups allow for red foxes to nest in warmed environments, thus allowing them to live more north than they normally would. Arctic foxes are not particularly aggressive towards them, but red foxes are. They will attack them for territory and food. Thus they have impacted the culture, behaviors, and ranges of arctic foxes.

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351512961\_The\_context\_of\_an\_emerging\_predation\_problem\_Nenets\_reindeer\_herders\_and\_Arctic\_foxes\_in\_Yamal
Simiiformes

Simiiformes are an infraorder under the suborder Haplorhini. They include various classes of monkeys and apes of the parvorders Platyrrhini and Catarrhini. Thus Simiiformes are what bring new world monkeys and old world primates together. Simiiformes has various synonyms, like [crown] simians, higher primates, and anthropoids.

## References

1. ↑ https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Simiiformes/classification/
Platalea

This is the genus of spoonbills. Within it it contains the Platalea ajaja, Platalea alba, Platalea flavipes, Platalea leucorodia, Platalea minor, and the Platalea regia. To my knowledge most of these are not popular in the cultures of their countries, but the Roseate Spoonbill is an important bird for Floridian children to know.
Wolves in Colorado

Wolves used to live naturally in Colorado, but we extirprited. A wolf pack in Wyoming travelled down, living within the borders of Wyoming and Colorado. A lot of Coloradans rejoiced. However, a Wyoming hunter scrutinized the media surrounding the wolves, which narrowed down their locations precisely. He very carefully hunted down all of them, exterminated the first wolf pack in Colorado in years. As a result the Colorado government carefully rewrote each article about wolves to hide their location, in the hopes that he wouldn't find the last one, but he did. Under Colorado law it was illegal to hunt wolves, but in Wyoming it was legal. Therefore this Wyoman (or whatever they're called) went out of his way to intentionally destroy the wolves in Colorado legally. Colorado tried to fight him, but Wyoming defended him so they cannot arrest him.

During the time that Colorado had its new wolf pack they sent out a law to be voted on, to where Colorado may intentionally introduce wolves to their State. It passed in 2020. However, due to their rules and how badly they handled the situation in Wyoming, no organization has been willing to hand wolves to Colorado yet. Recently it was made into headlines that the Idaho Department of Fish and Wildlife denied Colorado's request for handing them over a couple of wolves due to Colorado focusing on regulation and, though unstated and more in the subtext, how they've handled wolves before.

The wolf subspecies that was considered native to Colorado is extinct. Meaning that any reintroductions would not be of the same race as what was once in Colorado.

## References

1. ↑ http://phys.org/new/2023-07-western-state-wont-wolves-colorado.html
Neopithecops zalmora

In English this is called the Common Quaker Butterfly. It is found in southern India at least and the Malay Archipelago. There are variations in wing patterns that are apparent from butterflies from different areas.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.projectnoah.org/spottings/124344743
2. ↑ https://photovaliant.com/quaker-butterfly/
Vulpini

This is the tribe of the subfamily Caninae that contains most of the animals that we consider to be "true" foxes. Other foxes may belong to Urocyonini or another group of animals entirely, depending on what you're looking for. The living members of Vulpini include the genuses *Nyctereutes, Otocyon* and *Vulpes.* Extinct members include *Ferrucyon, Metalopex,* and *Prototocyon.*

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vulpini&oldid=1130955283
Winnie The Pooh (Franchise)

Winnie The Pooh was originally a book called Winnie-the-Pooh by A. A. Milne. He later went on to write more stories about him. They were illustrated by E. H. Shepard. There is a rumor going around that he greatly resented it's fame as it was a children's book series he wrote in part for a child he was related to, and not a work he worked endlessly hard at. But I haven't fact checked it, yet. Disney has produced several "small" movies based on it. It entered American's public domain in 2022 and Canada's in 2007, meaning that any citizen in either country can legally make a movie or book based on it.

Winnie-The-Pooh is one of those television series that's cherished by families and well known. It's in part because of that why Kingdom Hearts added them in as a world. Because everyone knows about Winnie The Pooh, even though it's not really considered to be very "Disney".

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winnie-the-Pooh&oldid=1135551107
2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winnie-the-Pooh\_(book)&oldid=1133115664
Mustela nivalis caucasica

The Caucasian Least Weasel is found in caucasia, obviouly. In the 1900s it was discovered that some of the small weasels of southern Europe were babyfaced and babytailed compared to other species and subspecies. One of them was the Caucasian Least Weasel, which was named afterwards.

## See also

* *Mustela nivalis*
* Weasels

## References

1. ↑ https://eol.org/pages/1252920
2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Least\_weasel&oldid=1111814028
3. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234848784\_Geographic\_variation\_and\_intraspecific\_taxonomy\_of\_weasel\_Mustela\_nivalis\_Carnivora\_Mustelidae/link/0912f51027e5156d64000000/download
Urocyon

This genus represents the real animals that are considered by taxonomists to belong to Urocyon. This means that they are separate species that are closely related to each other. There are only two species using this genus currently, *Urocyon cinereoargenteus* and *Urocyon littoralis.*

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Urocyon&oldid=1141854312
Shapeshifter

A shapeshifter is a form of power that enables the user to change form. Oftentimes, it can be an animal. Shapeshifting can take many different limits and reasons. A werewolf is a (typically and traditionally human) shapeshifter who can only transform into a wolf or a wolf-like anthropomorphic creature (or both). Other shapeshifters are aliens who can transform into humans and animals to hide on earth. Shapeshifting isn't the most common power demonstrated in fiction, but everyone knows about it, even when they don't know the name of it.
Pneumocystis oryctolagi

This is a disease rabbits get. It hosts specifically on lagomorphas. It used to be unclassified taxonomically and called *Pneumocystis carinii*. It's relatives attack other creatures. *Pneumocystis wakefieldiae* and *carinii* in the rat, *P. murina* in the mouse, and *P. jirovecii* in the human. *P. oryctolagi* are a disease of the lungs and are rare, but apparently incurable according the my one source.

1. ↑ https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/oryctolagus
Zootopia (Disney Franchise)

Zootopia is a film created by Disney that hit theaters in 2016. In 2022 a show based on the movie started running on Disney+. The franchise is about anthropomorphic mammals that live in a large metropolis called Zootopia (or Zootropolis in some other real-world countries, languages, and dialects). This city is considered to be a city without speciesism (word not used in film). However, it's filled with it. The original movie stars Judy Hopps, a young adult who just graduated cop school and has become the first small mammal to do so. However, she faces issues with discrimination over her small stature and discriminates herself as a herbivore. When she has to rescue a bunch of carnivores who mysteriously develop an illness that causes them to "go back" to their aggressive, carnivorous state, she must figure out the mystery in only a couple of days or she will be fired.

## See also

* Disney
* Furries

1. ↑ https://www.bing.com/search?q=zootopia+when+did+it+hit+theaters&cvid=35f8f751fe6d467988d8c46b42e41508&aqs=edge..69i57j0l8.9555j0j1&pglt=675&FORM=ANNTA1&PC=HCTS
Muttaburrosaurus

muttabrosaurus is a hadrosaur from Australia.

diet:

muttabrosaurus eat ferns, gingkoes and conifers

range:

Jurassic world san Diego

isla sorna (possibly)

isla Pena (possibly)

isla Nublar

held in attractions:

sauropod valley

herbivore cove

history:

2001: several muttaburrosaurus were heard but were never seen

2015: muttaburrosaurus lived in gryosphere valley and camp cretaceous

2018: 10 muttaburrosaurus were saved off Nublar

2032: muttabrosaurus survived teh 12 year time gap

* muttaburrosaurus is misspelled on it's file as "Muttabrosaurus"
* herbivore coves muttaburrosaurus looks like the walking with dinosaurs design

* although heard muttaburrosaurus was never seen in the 2001 incident
Serpentes

Serpentes is a suborder in the taxonomic classification system that contains an enormous amount of species of animals, namely snakes. The oldest fossils classified as Serpentes were found in the Cretaceous period and is named *Haasiophis terrasanctus*. Hilariously, they still hand hindlimbs and were found near Jerusalem- a good biblical joke or alarming fact.

## Infraorders

Most snake species belong to Alethinophidia. Smaller, worm-like snakes known as blindsnakes and threadsnakes belong to the order Scolecophidia. They are super cute, and I once saved one from my pool once as a kid. Thanks to my giant animal book I identified it as a snake instead of a worm and was fascinated. I think I put him/her in a plant pot. The surviving families in the infraorders are as follows:

### Alethinophidia

* Acrochordidae
* Aniliidae
* Anomochilidae
* Atractaspididae
* Boidae
* Bolyeriidae
* Colubridae
* Cyclocoridae
* Cylindrophiidae
* Elapidae
* Homalopsidae
* Lamprophiidae
* Loxocemidae

### Scolecophidia

* Anomalepididae
* Gerrhopilidae
* Leptotyphlopidae
* Typhlopidae
* Xenotyphlopidae
Sus domesticus

*This is the scientific name for the domesticated pig. For media references to Sus domesticus, please see Pigs.*

Pigs have been domesticated from Sus scrofa several times over. The lineages converged together through breeding over the thousands of years. Today there are many different breeds of domesticated pigs. They are now considered to be a different species from their ancestors. The oldest remains have been found in Turkey. But later on humans in Western Turkey, Europe, and China made their own domesticated variants from wild morphs of Sus scrofa.

For the United States, domesticated swine was first introduced by Hernando de Soto from Spain. When he first explored Florida, he brought with him 13 pigs. They bred and inbred until they had a population of 700 in 3 years.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pig&oldid=1149505031
2. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3603306/
3. ↑ https://smallfarms.cornell.edu/2019/10/a-brief-history-of-the-pig-in-the-united-states/
Spiders

Spiders are bugs, specifically arachnids. Every kid knows what a spider is, and that they have eight legs. They are considered quite creepy and scary. They are featured as one of several terrifying creatures for the Halloween holiday. Environmentalists have pushed for them to be recognized as an important part of the food chain, encouraging people to not kill non-threating kinds of spiders as they eat other bugs people do not like, which is almost everything else that's smaller than that individual spider. Spiders often find themselves in people's homes seeking food and warmth all over the world. They are often portrayed in media featuring bugs or fantastical monsters. They are usually portrayed as villains, but not always. Spiders come in all sorts of colors and patterns in real life, though in both fiction and non-fiction solid black looks are slightly preferred, especially in their scarier roles.
Pithecops fulgens tsushimanus

The Tsushima blue quaker butterfly is endemic to the island of Tsushima, Japan. They are critically endangered, though not by IUCN redlist's category, but by Japanese scientist and conservationist studies. The rise in the deer population has caused their breeding plants to be overeaten (I believe I wasn't sure whether they were bred upon or around by the butterfly, laid eggs on, or another circumstance. I will not review the video right now, but I believe they were unclear). The remaining butterflies that could be found (or at least some of them) were brought to Tokyo to perform an emergency breeding program. They have gone through several generations now and are still in recovery.

The scientific name wasn't said and it took me awhile to find it. I am still unsure if this is its real scientific name. The *Pithecops fulgens* Wikipedia page doesn't list it, but the List of Butterflies in Japan does. Wikipedia describes it as an India-only species, and that makes me nervous.

## References

1. ↑ https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/videos/20230725213203397/
2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pithecops\_fulgens&oldid=1025828487
3. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List\_of\_butterflies\_of\_Japan&oldid=1076758246
Polecats

Missing Culture*This article is missing information about how real-world humans have processed it. In the case of real animals: what the animal was used for in a society, what they thought about it and its general significance or lack thereof to the people, and how it has appeared in their media (including oral and written stories), religion, historical interactions, and news appearances. In the case of media: how this impacted the staff, the audience, future and previous media, and the wider culture/s as a result of its existence. You can improve this article by contributing these kinds of information to it.*
Polecats are animals of Mustela that are slim and resemble (and actually are) weasels and ferrets. The ferret is actually the domesticated European Polecat. This article includes the fictional characters based off of the animal, not that there are a lot. In general, Americans don't tend to imagine that polecats exist, though ferrets do. Englanders have more awareness of there existance.
We Bare Bears

We Bare Bears is a "franchise" based off of a 2010-2011 webcomic by Daniel Chong. The premise of it features three "brother" bears: Grizz, Panda, and Ice Bear who like to stack themselves up upon one another's back. They are a grizzly bear, panda, and a polar bear respectively. The show itself is most known for this iconic look and how they travel this way, including into the city. The show's humor comes from the bear's confused antics trying to understand society. Not necessarily in a bear way, just in a comedically confused way. The webcomic also highlights the bear's confusion over society and money, but in a much less child-friendly manner.

The show was initially aired in 2014 and was directed by the same guy who made the webcomic, who worked for Disney at the time. From what I can tell it seems that they spotted his work and let him take it up, though maybe he was the one who brought it up first. I don't know.

## References

1. ↑ http://thethreebarebears.blogspot.com/
2. ↑ https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4839610/
Numida meleagris mitratus

Credited to Pallas in 1764. Yes, that Pallas, the one whom the Pallas' cat is named for. This animal occurs in Eastern Africa. Its appearances in Madagascar is considered to be either an introduction or an accident. The last part of its scientific name, its subspecies part, translates to "headbanded" or "turbaned". And indeed in English, when it is not referred to as the wider-encompassing species the Helmeted guineafowl, it is the Tufted Guineafowl. It can also be called the Zambesi Guineafowl.

There aren't many descriptions that I can find describing the difference between them and other subspecies. But compared to their domestic variants, I would say that their faces are bluer and brighter, giving them the appearance of mini-cassowaries. Like an island dwarf variation- but it isn't.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pallas%27s\_cat&oldid=1121167651
2. ↑ https://www.gbif.org/species/6179913
3. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helmeted\_guineafowl&oldid=1116971827
4. ↑ https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=8B39258E0BAD3D84
5. ↑ https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id444551/
Oryctolagus cuniculus

This is the European rabbit. They gave rise to the domesticated rabbits of today. They used to be called *Lepus cuniculus*. Back then they were called the Common Rabbit. Naturally, as they were European and this was their name in a European language: English.

## References

1. ↑ https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Oryctolagus\_cuniculus
2. ↑ https://archive.org/details/animalkingdomorz00linn/page/280/mode/2up?ref=ol&view=theater
Turkeys

Turkeys are the cultural concept of a bird based on *Meleagris gallopavo domesticus*. In the United States they are celebrated in holiday special decorations (especially those meant for children) as they are traditionally served as the main part of the Thanksgiving feast. They share a name with a Eurasian country, of which they are not found natively. This is likely due to them being seen as similar to Guineafowls, which were raised in Africa but imported from Turkey. Funnily enough, it seems that the Turkish have rebelled against calling turkeys turkeys and instead call them hindi, as in Hindi, from India, as the Turkish get their turkeys from India. They are stereotyped as being dumb due to their goofy looks, gobble sounds, habits, and rumored habits (such as staring at the sky with their mouth agape when it rains, causing them to drown). Benjamin Franklin is said to have wished for them to become the national animal, a designation that went to the Bald Eagle instead.

## References

1. ↑ https://wilstar.com/holidays/thanksgiving/why-is-a-turkey-called-a-turkey/
2. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=hindi&oldid=69671529#Turkish
3. ↑ https://onekindplanet.org/animal/turkey/
T-rexes

T-rex is a word used to describe the prehistoric animals of the Tyrannosaurus genus (though treated as a species by many), and the cultural depictions based on it thereof. The T-rex is named after *Tyrannosaurus rex,* which is just one species of Tyrannosaurus that scientists have proclaimed. Nonetheless like all dinosaurs, T-rexes are thought of as a one-species-one-race-one-genus sort of deal, except when it's important to depict it otherwise, such as with this article. Sometimes other animals similar to them get mistakenly called T-rexes, like Tarbosauruses and Allosauruses. T-rexes are one of the most popular dinosaurs, appearing in most dinosaur films. And when it doesn't appear, often a T-rex like animal is depicted to take its place (such as those previously mentioned).

T-rexes themselves represent the huge, mindless, gluttonous violence of a predator. It is monster-like, dragon-like. Not so much creepy as it is threatening, intimidating, and voracious. Sometimes this trope is subverted by making T-rexes smart or vegetarian, often in an in-your-face sort of way. They are sometimes made fun of by the audience for their tiny arms, which in real life "would not be possible to clap with them, due to their sheer size".
Wolves of Belgium

## Conservation

These wolves are taxonomically considered to belong to the *Canis lupus lupus* subspecies.

Wolf populations were on the rise in Belgium, but hopes were soon dashed after the female Naya had been killed and pups stolen (presumably dead) by an unknown hunter. They were the first wolf cubs born in Belgium in 150 years.

## Religion & Impact

**Holy Roman Empire:** An eccentric teacher named Egbert authored a collection. The story "*De puella a lupellis servata*" is contained in one. He says that he gathered this story from 'pilgrims', and that they trust him enough to tell him their stories. The city he lived in was Liege, which purportedly had polytheists living in it despite it already being Christianized, enough that there was a polytheistic terrorist group in the region. Whether they were Roman or Germanic or other is not known.

While I don't currently have either book, I managed to find an excerpt which tells the beginning of the fairytale, which I then translated using an online translator. A girl was baptized on the Pentecost holiday. She was given a baptismal gift of a red coat by her father. A wolf mother went out into the woods and noticed the bright red cloak. She captured the girl and took her to her den, intending to feed her to her pups. Instead, they took to her. That's where the reference ends. This story is the earliest known Red Riding Hood story in Europe.

1. ↑ https://www.brusselstimes.com/brussels/54743/wolves-on-the-rise-in-belgium/
2. ↑ https://phys.org/news/2019-11-belgium-wolf-years-presumed-dead.html
3. ↑ https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-49933776
4. ↑ https://www.ecowatch.com/wild-wolf-belgium-naya-shot-2640828530.html
5. ↑ https://wolf.org/wow/europe/belgium/
Palaeomeryx kaupi

This is an early species of ruminant. Scientists are still in debate over whether it is more closely related to giraffes and okapis or to deer. It is found from the Iberian peninsula eastwards to northeastern Greece. It lived between 23 to 7 MYA.

## See also

* *Palaeomeryx*
* *Palaeomeryx tricornis*

## References

1. ↑ https://www.mindat.org/taxon-4970585.html
Red buttocks horse monkeys

These are a descriptive for a few different minor characters in the Chinese novel Journey To The West. In Chinese this is 赤尻馬猴 (*chikao mahou).* Some of the monkeys Wukong rules over are female red-buttocks horse monkeys. Their advice to Wukong helps move the plot forward.

In some translations the term in certain places is translated as "baboon" instead. However, baboons aren't native to China and I'm not so sure that they were ever supposed to be those.
Rosema zelica

This is a green moth with a brown stripe down the top of its wings. It is found somewhere in South and/or Central America. I know this because in Flutter: Starlight it is grouped in Polilla, which only contains moths from there. But there is no easy information on the web about anything other than its looks. But I didn't look very hard.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rosema\_(moth)&oldid=998378678
2. ↑ https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/461664-Rosema-zelica
3. ↑ https://www.jungledragon.com/specie/17510/rosema\_zelica.html