recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Weta Workshop

**Weta Workshop** is a special effects and prop company based in Miramar, New Zealand.

## Films

* *Meet the Feebles* (1989)
* *Braindead* (1992)
* *Heavenly Creatures* (1994)
* *Forgotten Silver* (1995)
* *Jack Brown Genius* (1996)
* *The Frighteners* (1996)
* *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring* (2001)
* *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers* (2002)
* *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King* (2003)
* *King Kong* (2005)
* *District 9* (2009)
* *The Lovely Bones* (2009)
* *The Adventures of Tintin* (2011)
* *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey* (2012)
* *The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug* (2013)
* *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies* (2014)

## External links

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weta\_Workshop
Mark Ferguson

**Mark Ferguson** portrayed Gil-galad in *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring* and Witch-King in *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*.

## Trivia

* During filming of *The Return of the King*, Ferguson filled the heavy armoured costume of the Witch-king when Lawrence Makoare felt claustrophobic.

## External links

* https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0272527/
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark\_Ferguson
Vincent Roxburgh

**Vincent Roxburgh** performed stunts for *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*, *The Lovely Bones*, *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey*, and *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*.

He also worked as a stunt double for James Nesbitt in *The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug* and *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*.

He also worked as a motion capture performer for *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*.

He also portrayed Gondorian Soldier/Uruk-hai in *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring* and Gundabad Orc in *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*.
Paul Randall

**Paul Randall** worked as a double and stand-in for *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, and *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*.

He also worked as a scale double for Ian McKellen for *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey*, *The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug*, and *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*.

He also played a Tall Man in *King Kong* and Laketown Guard in *The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug*.

## References

* Paul Randall on AAANZ
* Paul Randall on StarNow
Ryan Carey

**Ryan Carey** performed stunts for *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*, *The Lovely Bones*, *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*, and *Mortal Engines*.

He also worked as a stunt double for Jack Black in *King Kong*.

He also portrayed Uruk-hai in *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring* and *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*.
Weston

**Weston** was a theatre producer who lived in New York City in 1933.

## Biography

In 1933, Ann Darrow gave her resume to his secretary for an audition for Jack Driscoll's play *Isolation*, but he never opened it.

Weston was encountered by Darrow again after when she lost her job at the Lyric Vaudeville Revue after it closed down, he told her that it was too late for her to audition due to the cast already been set. However, Weston did sympathize with her and gave her an address to the recently opened Ruby Fruit Club.

## Behind the scenes

* Weston was portrayed by David Pittu in *King Kong*.
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers/Credits

Full credits for ***The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers***.

## Cast

* John Rhys-Davies as Voice of Treebeard (voice)
* Bruce Allpress as Aldor
* Sean Astin as Samwise Gamgee
* John Bach as Madril
* Sala Baker as Man Flesh Uruk
* Sean Bean as Boromir (Extended Edition)
* Cate Blanchett as Galadriel
* Orlando Bloom as Legolas
* Billy Boyd as Pippin
* Jed Brophy as Sharku/Snaga
* Sam Comery as Eothain
* Brad Dourif as Wormtongue
* Calum Gittins as Haleth
* Phil Grieve as Hero Orc (Extended Edition)
* Bernard Hill as Theoden
* Bruce Hopkins as Gamling
* Paris Howe Strewe as Theodred
* Christopher Lee as Saruman
* Timothy Lee as Wildman (Extended Edition)
* Nathaniel Lees as Ugluk
* John Leigh as Hama
* Robbie Magasiva as Mauhur
* Robyn Malcolm as Morwen
* Ian McKellen as Gandalf
* Dominic Monaghan as Merry
* Viggo Mortensen as Aragorn
* John Noble as Denethor (Extended Edition)
* Miranda Otto as Eowyn
* Craig Parker as Haldir
* Bruce Phillips as Rohan Soldier
* Robert Pollock as Mordor Orc
* John Rhys-Davies as Gimli
* Andy Serkis as Gollum (voice)
* Phillip Spencer Harris as Ranger 1 (Extended Edition)
* Olivia Tennet as Freda
* Ray Trickitt as Bereg
* Liv Tyler as Arwen
* Karl Urban as Eomer
* Stephen Ure as Grishnakh
* Hugo Weaving as Elrond
* David Wenham as Faramir
* Elijah Wood as Frodo
* Victoria Beynon-Cole as Hero Orcs
* Lee Hartley as Hero Orcs
* Phil Grieve as Hero Orcs
* Billy Jackson as Cute Rohan Refugee Child
* Katie Jackson as Cute Rohan Refugee Child

## Crew

### Stunt Performers

* Allan Smith
* Andrew Stehlin
* Are Manea Karati
* Brett Beattie
* Augie Davis
* Barrie Rice
* Branko Dordevich
* Jacob Tomuri
* David J. Muzzerall
* Greg 'Danger' Morrison
* Greg Lane
* Lance Louez
* Jeff Barber
* Jeremy Sciascia
* Justin B. Carter
* Marcus Thorne
* Lani Jackson
* Mana Hira Davis
* Marcello Vuljan
* Sala Baker
* Morgan Evans
* Robert Young
* Rodney Cook
* Tim McLachlan
* Shelley Hodder
* Steve Drage
* Steve Reinsfield
* Winham Hammond
* Tim Wong
* Trevor Bau
* Vincent Roxburgh
* Aaron Lupton
* Adam Campbell (Extended Edition)
* Albert Heimuli
* Gareth Courtney
* Ben Cooke (Extended Edition)
* Campbell Rousselle (Extended Edition)
* Daniel Andrews
* Sean Button
* Gene Sadler
* Josh Randel (Extended Edition)
* Ken Reinsfield
* Saeed Zamiri
* Nooroa Poa
* Robert Cooper
* Ryan Carey
* Billy 'Roy' Taylor
* Stuart Thorp
* Shane Dawson (Extended Edition)
* Slade Leef
* Thomas Kiwi
* Tony Marsh (Extended Edition)
* Bob Reinsfield
* Brendan Young
* Bronson Steel
* Allan Poppleton (Extended Edition)
* Duncan Dwight
* James Waterhouse-Brown
* Neill Dwight
* Clint Elvy
* Shane Blakey
* Sharon Maxwell (Extended Edition)
* Steve McQuillan
* Shaughan Campbell
* Matthew Breen
* Markos Rounthwaite
Rodney Cook

**Rodney Cook** performed stunts for *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*, *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey*, *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*, and *Mortal Engines*.

He also worked as an assistant stunt coordinator for *King Kong*.

He also worked as a safety officer for *Mortal Engines*.

He also portrayed Uruk-hai in *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, Haradrim Warrior/Orc/Rohan Soldier in *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*, and Scuttlebug Thug in *Mortal Engines*.
Pete O'Herne

**Pete O'Herne** (November 30, 1961 – December 12, 2010) portrayed Barry and 3rd Class Alien in *Bad Taste*.

He also was part of the film crew for *Bad Taste*.

## Trivia

* O'Herne also worked with Peter Jackson on his short *The Valley*.

## External links

* https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0641402/
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete\_O%27Herne
Plan 9

**Plan 9** composed *Forgotten Silver* and *Jack Brown Genius*.

They also worked as part of the additional music crew for *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring* and as additional ambient music designers for *King Kong*.

They also worked as music producers of *Misty Mountains* for *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey* and were performers of *If You Want to Find*, *It's a Long Way to Tipperary*, *Goodby-ee*, *The Bells of Hell Go Ting-a-Ling*, *I Want To Go Home*, *Bombed Last Night*, and *Mademoiselle from Armentieres* for *They Shall Not Grow Old*.

## External links

* https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1453819/
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan\_9\_(band)
Michael Lynne

**Michael Lynne** (April 23, 1941 – March 24, 2019) worked as an executive producer for *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, and *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*.

## External links

* https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1088153/
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael\_Lynne
The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug

## More Information

***The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug*** is a 2013 epic high fantasy adventure film and the eighteenth film of WingNut Films.

## See also

* The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
* The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
* The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
* The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey
* The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies
Bob Weinstein

**Bob Weinstein** worked as an executive producer for *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, and *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*.

## Trivia

* Weinstein is the brother of Harvey Weinstein.

## External links

* https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0918424/
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob\_Weinstein
Feystival

**The Feystival** is an event celebrated all around Falon'Rakk from Poppy 32nd to Poppy 35th.

It is an elven celebration in nature, made to not forget the roots of elves in the Feywild. During this time, elves are encouraged to be whimsical, and indulge in otherwise socially unapproved behaviors, such as drinking, resting and partying. During these four days, most elves do not work and enjoy simple pleasures, or take time to see family.

Larethia and Celanil are usually put in the spotlight; as Larethia allows for this period to reconnect to nature and rest with no guilt from work and obligations. Celanil is often worshipped to emphasize the connection to people, and the general light-hearted atmosphere.

The Feystival is also celebrated by dwarves, although dwarven institutions usually do not allow days off during the Feystival.
Nooroa Poa

**Nooroa Poa** performed stunts for *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, and *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*.

He also worked as a stunt rigger for *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey*, *The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug*, and *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*.

He also portrayed Orc in *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*.
Merrin Cavel

**Merrin Cavel** portrayed Girls High Student in *Heavenly Creatures*, Elf in *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, Rohan Woman in *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, and Gondorian Woman in *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*.

## References

* Merrin Cavel on Mandy
* Merrin Cavel on StarNow
Sean Button

**Sean Button** performed stunts for *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*, *King Kong*, *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey*, and *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*.

He also worked as a stunt double for Aidan Turner in *The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug* and *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*.

He also portrayed Uruk-hai in *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*.
Roland Tuck

**Roland Tuck** worked as a double and stand-in for *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring* and *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*.

He also worked as a scale double for *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey*, *The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug*, and *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*.
Philippa Boyens

**Philippa Boyens** wrote *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*, *King Kong*, *The Lovely Bones*, *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey*, *The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug*, *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*, and *Mortal Engines*.

## Trivia

* Boyens is the mother of Phoebe Gittins, Calum Gittins, and Isaac Miller.

## External links

* https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0101991/
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippa\_Boyens
Paul Kingdom

**Paul Kingdom** portrayed Farmer/Roman Soldier in *Forgotten Silver*, Industrialist in *Jack Brown Genius*, Museum Guest in *The Frighteners*, Dwarf Civilian in *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey*, and Dwarf Soldier in *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*.

## References

* Paul Kingdom on AAANZ
* Paul Kingdom on eCaster
Ra Vincent

**Ra Vincent** worked as a sculptor for *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, and *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*.

He also worked as a set decorator for *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey*, *The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug*, and *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*.

He also worked as a sculpting supervisor for *King Kong*.

He also worked as a conceptual art director for *Mortal Engines*.

## Trivia

* Vincent is the husband of Nancy Vincent, the son-in-law of Dan and Chris Hennah, and the father of Ruby and Tui Vincent.

## External links

* https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1308151/
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra\_Vincent
Tui Vincent

**Tui Vincent** portrayed Cute Young Hobbit in the Extended Edition of *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey*, Dale Citizen in *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*, and Extra in *Mortal Engines*.

## Trivia

* Vincent is the daughter of Ra and Nancy Vincent, the sister of Ruby Vincent, and the granddaughter of Dan and Chris Hennah.
Tim McLachlan

**Tim McLachlan** performed stunts for *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*, *King Kong*, *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey*, *The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug*, *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*, and *Mortal Engines*.

He also worked as a stunt double for Ian McKellen in *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, Brad Dourif in *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, and Andy Serkis in *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*.

He also worked as a stunt rigger for *King Kong*.

He also worked as a motion capture performer for *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*.

He also portrayed Ringwraith/Uruk-hai in *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring* and Goblin in *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey*.
WingNut Films Wiki

## Welcome to the Wiki

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File:Placeholder
The Frighteners/Credits

Full credits for ***The Frighteners***.

## Cast

* Michael J. Fox as Frank Bannister
* Trini Alvarado as Lucy Lynskey
* Peter Dobson as Ray Lynskey
* John Astin as The Judge
* Jeffrey Combs as Milton Dammers
* Dee Wallace as Patricia Bradley
* Jake Busey as Johnny Bartlett
* Chi McBride as Cyrus
* Jim Fyfe as Stuart
* Troy Evans as Sheriff Perry
* Julianna McCarthy as Old Lady Bradley
* R. Lee Ermey as Hiles
* Elizabeth Hawthorne as Magda Rees-Jones
* Angela Bloomfield as Debra Bannister
* Desmond Kelly as Harry Sinclair
* Jonathan Blick as Steve Bayliss
* Todd Rippon as Deputy
* John Sumner as Deputy
* Michael Robinson as Deputy
* Jim McLarty as Deputy
* Anthony Ray Parker as Deputy
* Paul Yates as Deputy
* Melanie Lynskey as Deputy
* John Leigh as Bryce Campbell
* Nicola Cliff as Young Patricia
* Ken Blackburn as Dr. Kamins
* Stuart Devenie as Museum Curator
* Genevieve Westcott as TV Presenter
* K.C. Kelly as Doctor
* Leslie Wing as Mrs. Waterhouse
* Leslie Klein as Maid
* Frank Edwards as Resuscitating Man
* Alan O'Leary as The Waiter
* Danny Lineham as Barry
* Charlie McClellan as Reporter
* William Pomeroy as Jacob Platz
* George Port as Orderly
* Billy Jackson as Baby in Bouncer
* Sophie Watkins as Nursery Baby
* Taea Hartwell as Nursery Baby
* Max Grover as Nursery Baby
* George Grover as Nursery Baby
* Tony Hopkins as Hospital Patient
* Lewis Martin as Hospital Patient
* Clay Nelson as Passerby
* Robert McNeill as Passerby
* Matthew Chamberlain as Passerby
* Vivienne Kaplan as Nun
* Liz Mullane as Nun
* Matt Aitken as Cowboy Ghost (uncredited)
* Grant Aldridge as Funerary Photographer (uncredited)
* Grae Burton as Guest (uncredited)
* Michael Elsworth as Undertaker (uncredited)
* Nic Farra as Ray's Friend (uncredited)
* Peter Jackson as Man with Piercings (uncredited)
* Rhys Jordan as Reporter (uncredited)
* Paul Kingdom as Museum Guest (uncredited)
* Isaac Lucas as Museum Guest (uncredited)
* Grant Major as Chuck Hughes (uncredited)
* Michael Maxwell as Mourner (uncredited)
* Bryce McCawe as Man at Diner (uncredited)
* Cam Morrow as Extra (uncredited)
* Nicolas Pegg as Guard (uncredited)
* April Phillips as Paramedic (uncredited)
* Tracey Savage as Police Officer (uncredited)
* Michael Shanahan as Biker (uncredited)
* Jeff Slaven as Police Mechanic (uncredited)
* Jase Te Patu as Doctor (uncredited)
* Clinton Ulyatt as Extra (uncredited)
* Fran Walsh as Passerby (uncredited)

## Crew

### Written by

* Fran Walsh
* Peter Jackson

### Produced by

* Jamie Selkirk
* Peter Jackson

### Directors of Photography

* Alun Bollinger
* John Blick
Pinewood Studios

**Pinewood Studios** is a British film and television studio that been the base for many productions over the years from large-scale films to television programmes, commercials, and pop promos. It is well known as the home of the *James Bond* and *Carry On* film franchises.

While *The Hobbit* trilogy was being filmed, Christopher Lee and Ian Holm filmed their scenes at Pinewood Studios because they couldn't fly to New Zealand due to concerns of their health.

## Films

* *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey* (2012)
* *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies* (2014)

## External links

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinewood\_Studios
Facultad de Informática UCM Wiki

44 artículos desde noviembre del 2018.

## Asignaturas

El listado completo de artículos se puede consultar aquí. Puedes consultar todas las asignaturas creadas aquí. Las que están completas o casi se listarán a continuación:

* Arquitectura de computadores
* Estructura de computadores

* Fundamentos de la electricidad y la electrónica
* Fundamentos de los lenguajes informáticos
* Inteligencia Artificial
* Redes

## Colabora con esta wiki

Edita y crea artículos para que los contenidos de las asignaturas estén reflejados en esta wiki de forma clara y concisa. Evita añadir contenido que no esté cubierto por las asignaturas, para eso ya está Wikipedia.

**No copies** contenido de otros sitios sin permiso explicito de su autor. Algunos sitios como Wikipedia y esta wiki permiten la copia siempre que reconozcas su autoría, pues tienen licencia CC-BY-SA.

Para escribir un nuevo artículo, ingresa el título en la caja de abajo.

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No olvides añadir tu nuevo artículo a la categoría de la asignatura correspondiente desde el panel al pie del artículo. Usa el nombre completo de la asignatura, no las siglas. Si añades una asignatura que no está ya creada, recuerda añadir la categoría en esta misma página siguiendo el orden alfabético y poner una página principal para la asignatura respetando el formato que siguen el resto de asignaturas ya presentes.
Liz Mullane

**Liz Mullane** worked as a casting director for *Heavenly Creatures*, *Forgotten Silver*, *The Frighteners*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*, *King Kong*, *The Lovely Bones*, *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey*, *The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug*, *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*, and *Mortal Engines*.

She also worked as part of New Zealand casting for *Heavenly Creatures*, *The Frighteners*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*, and *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey*.

She also worked as a genealogical researcher for *Forgotten Silver* and an assistant for Michael J. Fox in *The Frighteners*.

She also portrayed Mrs. Collins in *Heavenly Creatures* and Nun in *The Frighteners*.
Equivalencia entre GICs y APs

## Equivalencia entre GIC y AP

=>

Dado un GIC, construimos un AP que tiene como símbolo inicial la variable inicial.

En cada paso, si el símbolo en la cima de la pila es una variable aplicamos no deterministicamente todas las reglas de producción sustituyendo el símbolo por sus derivaciones. Si el símbolo es un terminal, lo desapilamos si coincide con el próximo símbolo de la cadena a procesar, o rechazamos en caso contrario.

<=

Dado un AP no es tan inmediato encontrar una GIC equivalente, pero es posible.
Phil Grieve

**Phil Grieve** portrayed Hero Orcs, Goblins, Uruks & Ringwraiths in *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, Hero Orcs in *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, Orc Commander in the Extended Edition of *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*, Laughing Man in *King Kong*, and Laketown Refugee in *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*.
Victoria Beynon-Cole

**Victoria Beynon-Cole** worked as an extras casting coordinator for *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King* and an extras casting director for *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey* and *Mortal Engines*.

She also portrayed Hero Orcs, Goblins, Uruks & Ringwraiths in *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring* and Hero Orcs in *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*.
Zo Hartley

**Zo Hartley** worked as a third assistant director for *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*, and *King Kong*.

She also worked as a double and stand-in for *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*.

She also worked as an on set cast support for *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey*.

She also portrayed Kissing Hobbit in the Extended Edition of *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, Orc Helper in *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*, and Goblin in *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey*.
Trevor Bau

**Trevor Bau** performed stunts for *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*, *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey*, and *The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug*.

He also worked as a scale double for *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey*, *The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug*, and *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*.
Ray Henwood

**Ray Henwood** (15 January 1937 – 26 August 2019) portrayed Professor in *Heavenly Creatures*, Council Man in *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, and Old Fisherman in *The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug*.

## External links

* https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0378309/
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray\_Henwood
Viggo Mortensen

**Viggo Mortensen** portrayed Aragorn in *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, and *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*.

He also worked as a performer of *The Song of Beren and Luthien* for *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring* and *Aragorn's Coronation* for *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*.

He also worked as a featured soloist for *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*.

## Trivia

* Mortensen is the father of Henry Mortensen.

## External links

* https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001557/
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viggo\_Mortensen
Rick Porras

**Rick Porras** worked as a co-producer for *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, and *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*.

He also worked as an additional second unit director for *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring* and an additional unit director for *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers* and *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*.

He also worked as a post-production supervisor for *The Frighteners*.

He also worked as a stand-in for Andy Serkis in *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*.

He also portrayed Beacon Guard/Corsair of Umbar in *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King* and Gunner in *King Kong*.

## Trivia

* Porras also worked with Robert Zemeckis in *Contact*, *The Public Eye*, and *Forrest Gump*.

## External links

* https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0691815/
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick\_Porras
Richard Taylor

**Richard Taylor** was a costume designer, makeup artist, model maker, puppet maker, special effects supervisor for *Meet the Feebles*, *Braindead*, *Heavenly Creatures*, *The Frighteners*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*, *King Kong*, *District 9*, *The Lovely Bones*, *The Adventures of Tintin*, *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey*, *The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug*, and *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*.

He also portrayed First Aviator in *Forgotten Silver* and Corsair of Umbar in *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*.

## Trivia

* Taylor is the husband of Tania Rodger and the father of Samuel and Amelia Taylor.
* Taylor is the founder of Weta Workshop.

## External links

* https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0853050/
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard\_Taylor\_(filmmaker)
Orlando Bloom

**Orlando Bloom** portrayed Legolas in *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*, *The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug*, and *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*.

## External links

* https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0089217/
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando\_Bloom
Louis Ashbourne Serkis

**Louis Ashbourne Serkis** portrayed Cute Young Hobbit in the Extended Edition of *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey*.

## Trivia

* Serkis is the second son of Andy Serkis and Lorraine Ashbourne and the brother of Ruby and Sonny Ashbourne Serkis.
* Serkis would work with his father in *Mowgli: Legend of the Jungle*.

## External links

* https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6162831/
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis\_Ashbourne\_Serkis
Nancy Vincent

**Nancy Vincent** worked as a hair stylist and makeup artist for *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*, *King Kong*, *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey*, *The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug*, *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*, and *Mortal Engines*.

## Trivia

* Vincent is the daughter of Dan and Chris Hennah, the wife of Ra Vincent, and the mother of Ruby and Tui Vincent.
Conductores y condensadores

Se dice que un material es conductor si sus electrones se pueden mover libremente por él, en caso contrario se dice que el material es aislante.

La facilidad con que los electrones se mueven por cierto material (a cierta temperatura) viene dada por la conductividad,

σ
(

Ω

−
1

m

−
1

)

{\displaystyle \sigma ( \Omega^{-1} m^{-1}) }

, siempre positiva. Su inversa es la resistividad,

# ρ
1

/

σ

{\displaystyle \rho = 1/ \sigma }

.

Cuando se le aplica un campo eléctrico a un conductor los electrones se mueven y contrarrestan ese campo. La carga se encuentra en la superficie de los conductores. El campo en el interior de un conductor en equilibrio es nulo y perpendicular a la superficie (luego el potencial es constante).

Se dice que un conductor está aislado cuando no está en contacto con ningún otro conductor, en este caso la carga del conductor no varía. El potencial en conductores conectados eléctricamente es el mismo. El potencial de las esferas “muy” grandes se puede decir que es el mismo que el de el infinito.

Se llama capacidad de un conductor a

# C
Q

/

V
>
0

{\displaystyle C = Q / V > 0 }

. Se mide en Faradios (

# F

C
2

/

J

{\displaystyle F = C^2 / J}

).

El condensador es un dispositivo formado por dos conductores aislados tal que al aplicarles una diferencia de potencial se cargan igual pero con signos opuestos. La capacidad de un condensador es la carga de uno de los conductores entre la diferencia de potencial con el otro.

En los condensadores formados por 2 placas paralelas la capacidad es

# C

ϵ
0

S

/

d

{\displaystyle C = \epsilon\_0 S/d }

. El campo eléctrico sólo es no nulo entre las placas. Dos condensadores en paralelo tienen capacidad

# C

Q
1

Q
2

V

=
C
1
C
2

{\displaystyle C=\frac{Q\_1 + Q\_2}{V} = C1+C2 }

. En serie tienen capacidad

# C
(
1

/

C
1
1

/

C
2

)

−
1

{\displaystyle C=(1/C1 + 1/C2)^{-1} }

. El trabajo necesario para cargar un condensador es

# W
C
⋅

V
2

=

Q
2

/

2
⋅
# C
Q
⋅
V

/

2

{\displaystyle W = C \cdot V^2 = Q^2 /2 \cdot C = Q \cdot V/2 }

 donde

V

{\displaystyle V}

 es la diferencia de potencial entre los conductores.
BFU 4

Hidden Spoilers Ahead! This article talks about information that is hidden.

**BFU 4** is the upcoming episode of Battle for Ultimate, and the 4th episode of the overall series.

Not much is known about this episode. Also apart that a contestant that got eliminated from Team Breadsticks.

Challenge: TBA

Winners: TBA

Eliminated: TBA

## **Trivia / Speculation**

* This will be the second time that Team Breadsticks will lose a member.

## **Next**

Previous: Dodge You're Way To Victory

Next: BFU 5
Marcus Thorne

**Marcus Thorne** performed stunts for *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, and *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*.

He also portrayed Gondorian Soldier in *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring* and Orc in *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*.
Carga electrica

La carga eléctrica, Q, es una propiedad física de algunas partículas subatómicas que se manifiesta mediante fuerzas de atracción y repulsión entre ellas por medio de campos eléctricos. Las cargas pueden ser positivas o negativas. [Q]=C.

La carga está cuantizada: todas las partículas tienen una carga múltiplo de la carga del electrón: e- = -1,602177·10-19 C. Esta es la unidad fundamental de carga.

La ley de conservación de la carga garantiza que ningún proceso crea o destruye carga.

Ley de Coulomb: “La fuerza, F1,2, ejercida por una carga, q1, sobre otra, q2, está dirigida a lo largo de la línea que las une. El módulo de la fuerza es inversamente proporcional al cuadrado  de la distancia, r, y proporcional al producto de las cargas. La fuerza es repulsiva si las cargas son del mismo signo y atractiva en caso contrario."
Peter Jackson

**Peter Jackson** directed, wrote, and produced *Bad Taste*, *Meet the Feebles*, *Braindead*, *Heavenly Creatures*, *Forgotten Silver*, *Jack Brown Genius*, *The Frighteners*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*, *King Kong*, *District 9*, *The Lovely Bones*, *The Adventures of Tintin*, *West of Memphis*, *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey*, *The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug*, *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*, and *Mortal Engines*.

He also portrayed Derek and Robert in *Bad Taste*, Audience Member in *Meet the Feebles*, Undertaker's Assistant in *Braindead*, Bum Outside Theater in *Heavenly Creatures*, Himself in *Forgotten Silver*, Man with Piercings in *The Frighteners*, Man Eating Carrot in *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring* and *The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug*, Spear-Throwing Rohan Soldier in *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, Corsair Bo'sun in *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*, Gunner in *King Kong*, Man at Pharmacy in *The Lovely Bones*, Himself in *West of Memphis*, and Running Dwarf in Erebor in *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey*.

He also directed the documentary *They Shall Not Grow Old*.

## Trivia

* Jackson is the husband of Fran Walsh, the father of Billy and Katie Jackson, the son-in-law of Tom Walsh, and the cousin of Jill Jackson.
* Jackson is the owner of Stan The Wonder Pug.
* The painting of Bungo Baggins in Bag End was designed after Jackson.

## External Links

* https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001392/
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter\_Jackson
Ngila Dickson

**Ngila Dickson** worked as a costume designer for *Heavenly Creatures*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, and *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*.

## External links

* https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0225699/
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngila\_Dickson
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers

## More Information

***The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*** is a 2002 epic fantasy adventure film and the tenth film of WingNut Films.

## Cast

* Elijah Wood as Frodo
* Ian McKellen as Gandalf
* Liv Tyler as Arwen
* Viggo Mortensen as Aragorn
* Sean Astin as Sam
* Cate Blanchett as Galadriel
* John Rhys-Davies as Voice of Treebeard/Gimli
* Bernard Hill as Theoden
* Christopher Lee as Saruman
* Billy Boyd as Pippin
* Dominic Monaghan as Merry
* Orlando Bloom as Legolas
* Hugo Weaving as Elrond
* Miranda Otto as Eowyn
* David Wenham as Faramir
* Brad Dourif as Wormtongue
* Andy Serkis as Gollum (voice)
* Sean Bean as Boromir (Extended Edition)
* Karl Urban as Eomer
* Craig Parker as Haldir
* John Noble as Denethor (Extended Edition)

## See also

* The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
* The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
* The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey
* The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug
* The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies
Autómata finito no determinista con transiciones epsilon

Igual que los AFNs, pero incluimos transiciones con un símbolo épsilon especial que no consume ningún símbolo para navegarla.

Para transformar un AFN-ε en un AFN equivalente colapsamos los estados conectados por transiciones ε en uno sólo, de manera que el estado resultante es de aceptación si y sólo si alguno de los estados colapsados lo era, y del estado resultante añadimos todas las transiciones que tenían los otros estados.
Campo eléctrico y potencial eléctrico

El campo eléctrico, E, en cierto punto es la fuerza de Coulomb por unidad de carga. [E]=N/C.

E=F/q=k·q/r2

El flujo eléctrico, ϕ, en una superficie es la superficie por el campo eléctrico.

Ley de Gauss: En una superficie cerrada que encierra una carga Q se cumple.

La energía potencial electrostática, U,  mide el trabajo que las fuerzas de Coulomb pueden llegar a realizar sobre una carga. Depende de la carga y la posición relativa.

Normalmente se toma el infinito como punto con energía potencial nula.[U]=J.

La diferencia de potencial, voltaje o tensión, V,  es la variación de energía potencial por unidad de carga. [V]=V=J/C

dV=dU/q=-Edl ;  Vx=integral0refEdl;  E=-dV/dl;  Vr=k·q/r-k·q/rref
Predicción de saltos

Para no detener las instalaciones cuando hay que ejecutar un salto condicional y aún no sabemos si hay que ejecutarlo o no se intenta predecir. En caso de que fallemos la predicción habrá que asegurarse que las instrucciones que se han ejecutado especulativamente no dejen rastro.

La predicción de saltos puede ser estática o dinámica. En el primer caso la predicción puede ser:

* Fija: siempre se toman los saltos o nunca se toman.
* Basada en la dirección del salto: si el salto es hacia atrás se toma (suele ser el final de una iteración de un bucle) y si es hacia delante no se toma.
* Basada en el código de operación.
* Dirigida por compilador.
Modelos de computación

Un modelo de computación es un formalismo que representa a un lenguaje.

Decimos que dos modelos de computación son **equivalentes** si todo lenguaje representable a través de uno de los formalismos es también representable con el otro formalismo.

 Autómatas de pila deterministas
 Autómatas de pila no deterministas
 Máquinas de Turing
 Lenguajes indecidibles
Mark Hadlow

**Mark Hadlow** portrayed Orrin in *Battletruck*, voiced Barry, Heidi, and Robert in *Meet the Feebles*, Harry in *King Kong*, Dori and Bert Troll in *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey*, *The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug*, and *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*, and Stigwood in *Mortal Engines*.

## External links

* https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0352921/
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark\_Hadlow
Búsqueda local

En la búsqueda local contamos con una función heurística de coste o idoneidad (fitness) y queremos encontrar un estado que la optimice.

## Esquema general

soluciones\_actuales <- generar\_solucion\_inicial()

while (fitness(solucion\_actual) < threshold && !timeout)

solucion\_actuales <- mejorar\_solucion(soluciones\_actuales)

return solucion\_actual

### Algoritmos de escalada

 Escalada simple
 Escalada máxima
 Enfriamiento simulado
 Haz local

### Algoritmos genéticos

Selección
Se escogen los K mejores individuos
Cada individuo tiene una probabilidad de selección proporcional a su fitness
 Torneo no determinista
 Cruce
X = aaaaaaa
Y = bbbbbbb
X+Y = aabbbbb
X = aaaaaaa
Y = bbbbbbb
 Mutación
X = aaaxaaa
X’ = aaayaaa
X = aaxaayaa
Y = aayaaxaa
Protocolo DHCP

El proto

   colo de configuración dinámica de host (DHCP) es un protocolo de red empleado para configurar de forma automática ciertos parámetros de la red, como la dirección IP, la máscara de subred, el router predeterminado o los servidores DNS entre otros. Se trata de un protocolo tipo cliente/servidor sobre el protocolo UDP que actúa en los puertos 67 (servidor) y 68 (cliente).

Existen distintos tipos de mensaje DHCP (discovery, offer, request, acknowledge y release), pero todos comparten el mismo formato. El formato del datagrama DHCP es el siguiente: 1B para el tipo de operación, 1B con el tipo de hardware , 1B con la longitud en bytes de la dirección hardware, 1B para el número de saltos, 4B para la correspondencia entre solicitud y respuesta, 2B con los segundos, 2B para flags, 4B para cada una de las direcciones IP del cliente, la propia, la del servidor y la del gateway, respectivamente, 16B con la dirección hardware del cliente, 64B con el nombre del servidor, 128B con el nombre del archivo Boot (BOOTP) y un campo de longitud variable para opciones adicionales.
Lema del bombeo

Un lenguaje no será regular cuando necesite distinguir entre infinitos prefijos no equivalentes (los AFD no tienen memoria del pasado).

Por ejemplo, <math>$L=a^nb^n$</math> no es regular. En efecto, supongamos que sí. Entonces existe un AFD de $k$ estados que reconoce $L$. Pero considerando los prefijos $a, aa,..., a^{k+1}$ por el principio del palomar tiene que haber 2 prefijos $a^x, a^y$ que lleven el AFD al mismo estado. A partir de este estado, es imposible distinguir el número de $a$s anteriores y por tanto no se puede reconocer $L$.
Unión PN

Al dispositivo resultante de unir un semiconductor de tipo p con otro de tipo n se le llama diodo.

Si el semiconductor de tipo p está a menor potencial que el de tipo n se dice que el diodo está en polarización inversa. Si el semiconductor de tipo n está a menor potencial que el de tipo p se dice que el diodo está en polarización directa.

En estado de equilibrio (

# V
0

{\displaystyle V = 0}

,

T

{\displaystyle T}

 constante) se forma una corriente de difusión del semiconductor p al semiconductor n, contrarrestada por una corriente de arrastre del n al p. Al aplicar un voltaje, el gradiente de potencial que provoca la corriente de arrastre cambia, permitiendo o impidiendo la corriente.

La característica tensión-corriente de un diodo viene dada por:

# I

I
0

(

e

(

e
−

V
D

)

/

(
η

k
B

T
)

−
1

)

,

{\displaystyle I = I\_0 \left( e^{(\left|e^-\right| V\_D)/(\eta k\_B T)} -1 \right), }

donde

V
D

{\displaystyle V\_D}

 es la ddp del diodo,

η
∈
[
1
,
2
]

{\displaystyle \eta \in [1, 2] }

 es el factor de idealidad del diodo,

k
B

≈
1.38
×

10

−
23

J

/

K

{\displaystyle k\_B \approx 1.38\times 10^{-23} J/K}

 es la constante de Boltzmann,

T

{\displaystyle T}

 es la temperatura en Kelvin e

I
0

{\displaystyle I\_0}

 es la corriente inversa de saturación.
Ravica

**Ravica** is a komodo dragon-looking lizardfolk, quartermaster of the Oblivion in Fort Primordial Royal Palace.

He is a hot-tempered individual, witty and with a strong character. His demeanor makes him somewhat difficult to work with, but all agree he does a stellar job at splitting resources effectively and keeping them available when they are necessary.
Corriente eléctrica

La intensidad de corriente,

I

{\displaystyle I}

, es la cantidad de carga que atraviesa una superficie dada por unidad de tiempo. Se mide en Amperios

# A

C
s

{\displaystyle A={\frac {C}{s}}}

.

La densidad de corriente,

J
→

{\displaystyle \overrightarrow{J} }

, es la intensidad que atraviesa una superficie por unidad de superficie:

J
→

=

∂
I

∂
s

{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {J}}={\frac {\partial I}{\partial s}}}

 ;

# I
∫

J
→

∂

s
→

{\displaystyle I=\int {\overrightarrow {J}}\partial {\overrightarrow {s}}}

. Se mide en

A

s

2

{\displaystyle {\frac {A}{s^{2}}}}

.

En un cilindro de sección

s
→

{\displaystyle \overrightarrow {s}}

, donde hay

n

{\displaystyle n}

 portadores de carga

q

{\displaystyle q}

 por unidad de volumen que se mueven a velocidad

v

{\displaystyle v}

, la intensidad es **Error al representar (función desconocida «\cdotp»): {\displaystyle I=q\cdotp n\cdotp\overrightarrow{s}\cdotp\overrightarrow{v}}**
 y entonces la densidad de corriente es **Error al representar (función desconocida «\cdotp»): {\displaystyle \overrightarrow{J}=q\cdotp n\cdotp\overrightarrow{v}}**
. Si hay distintos tipos de portadores habrá que sumarlos por separado.

Ley de Ohm: **Error al representar (función desconocida «\cdotp»): {\displaystyle \overrightarrow{J}=\sigma\cdotp\overrightarrow{E}}**
 donde

σ

{\displaystyle \sigma}

 es la conductividad del material (

Ω

−
1

m

−
1

{\displaystyle \Omega ^{-1}m^{-1}}

) que depende de la temperatura. Esta ley sólo es aplicable a los materiales óhmicos.
Los materiales óhmicos son aquellos en los que se cumple la ley de Ohm.
En un cilindro con una corriente que va de

a

{\displaystyle a}

 a

b

{\displaystyle b}

:
**Error al representar (función desconocida «\cdotp»): {\displaystyle \overrightarrow{J}=\frac{I}{s}=\sigma\cdotp\overrightarrow{E}}**
 y **Error al representar (función desconocida «\cdotp»): {\displaystyle V\_b - V\_a =-\int\_a^b \overrightarrow{E}\cdotp\partial\overrightarrow{l}=-\overrightarrow{E}\cdotp\overrightarrow{l}}**
 entonces **Error al representar (función desconocida «\cdotp»): {\displaystyle I=\frac{\sigma\cdotp\overrightarrow{s}}{l}\cdotp(V\_a - V\_b)=\frac{V\_a - V\_b}{R}}**
 donde

R

{\displaystyle R}

 es la resistencia medida en ohmios (

Ω

{\displaystyle \Omega}

).

Ley de Joule: Los electrones que se mueven por un conductor chocan contra los núcleos de los átomos perdiendo energía cinética en forma de calor, este es el efecto Joule.
La potencia que se disipa entre

a

{\displaystyle a}

 y

b

{\displaystyle b}

 es:
**Error al representar (función desconocida «\cdotp»): {\displaystyle P=\frac{\Delta U}{\Delta t}=\frac{(V\_a - V\_b)\cdotp Q}{\Delta t}=(V\_a -V\_b)\cdotp I=R\cdotp I^2 =\frac{(V\_a - V\_b)^2}{R}}**

Cuando hay varias resistencias en serie la intensidad es la misma, la diferencia de potencial y la resistencia del conjunto es la suma de las individuales.

Cuando hay varias resistencias en paralelo la intensidad del conjunto es la suma de las intensidades y la resistencia del conjunto es la inversa de la suma de las inversas de las resistencias individuales.
Sistemas de producción

Sistema de producción = Hechos + Reglas

Reglas = Precondición + Resultado

Dirección de encadenamiento / estrategias de activación de reglas

* Razonamiento progresivo o basado en datos: se aplican las reglas según se vayan satisfaciendo sus LHS
* Razonamiento regresivo o basado en objetivos: se aplican las reglas según se vayan deseando sus RHS

Estrategias de resolución de conflictos:

* Orden
* Prioridades
* Especificidad
* Novedad:
	+ (set strategy depth): dispara la regla más recientemente activada
	+ (set strategy breadth): dispara la regla que lleva más tiempo activa

## Algoritmo RETE

Sirve para determinar qué reglas se pueden activar a partir del estado de la base de hechos.
En el algoritmo rete se construye un grafo dirigido acíclico donde cada nodo representa una o más cláusulas provenientes del LHS de reglas. Los nodos se organizan en árboles donde cada camino de raíz a hoja representa el LHS de una regla. Las variables compartidas entre cláusulas producen nodos de unificación.

Al comienzo de la ejecución, cada hecho circula desde los nodos raíces y queda asociado a todos los nodos que satisface.
Aparentemente el algoritmo RETE es polinómico respecto al tamaño de la base de hechos.
Victoria Burrows

**Victoria Burrows** worked as a US casting director for *The Frighteners*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers*, *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King*, *King Kong*, *The Lovely Bones*, *The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey*, *The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug*, and *The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies*.

## Trivia

* Burrows worked with Robert Zemeckis in *Tales from the Crypt*, *Contact*, *The Polar Express*, *Monster House*, *A Christmas Carol*, *Mars Needs Moms*, *Flight*, *The Walk*, *Welcome to Marwen*, and the upcoming *The Witches*.
Representación de problemas de búsqueda

**Espacio de estados:** Conjunto de estados, entre los que destacamos un estado inicial.

**Operadores:** Endomorfismos del espacio de estados.

**Test de meta:** Subconjunto de estados meta.

**Función de coste:** Asocia cada operador con un coste real (generalmente positivo).

Una solución de un problema de búsqueda es una secuencia de operadores que transforman el estado inicial en un estado meta.

Una solución óptima es una solución con coste asociado mínimo entre las soluciones.

## Esquema general de los algoritmos de búsqueda

frontera\_exploración ← estado\_inicial

grafo\_explorados ← estado\_inicial //graph search

while not frontera\_exploración.empty?

nodo ← frontera\_exploración.pop()

if meta(nodo) return nodo

for hijo in nodo.hijos //graph search

//if meta(hijo): return hijo <- Early check

# Búsqueda

if hijo ∉ grafo\_explorados

grafo\_explorados.add(hijo) //graph search

frontera\_exploracion.add(hijo)

return failure

El tipo de estructura de frontera\_exploracion determina el tipo de búsqueda.

### Búsqueda en árbol vs búsqueda en grafo

En la búsqueda en árbol, no memorizamos los estados ya visitados, lo que puede dar lugar a bucles pero nos ahorra memoria.

En la búsqueda en grafo, mantenemos un hashset con los estados que ya hemos añadido a la cola de exploración. Esto previene bucles.

### Tipos de búsqueda

Decimos que una estrategia de búsqueda es completa si siempre encuentra una solución cuando una solución existe.

Decimos que una estrategia de búsqueda es óptima si siempre que encuentra una solución esta solución es óptima.
Sistemas basados en el conocimiento

Conocimiento factual o declarativo (los hechos) vs procedimental (procedimientos ante ciertas situaciones) vs metaconocimiento

Si asumimos la hipótesis del mundo cerrado, concluimos que todo lo que no podemos deducir de nuestra base de conocimientos es falso. Si asumimos la hipótesis del mundo abierto, no podemos extraer conclusiones acerca de las proposiciones que no podemos deducir ni falsificar. Por ejemplo, CLIPS y Prolog asumen la hipótesis de mundo cerrado.

Conocimiento por omisión, inseguro, impreciso

Propiedades de una buena representación: idoneidad representativa, idoneidad y eficiencia inferencial, eficiencia adquisitiva.

Problema del marco: Al aplicar un operador gran parte del estado permanece igual (el marco). ¿Cómo guardamos los estados? Opciones:

* Guardar todos los estados.
* Guardar los cambios que introduce cada estado.
* Mantener un ún único estado, y hacer backtracking modificándolo.