American Civil War

The American Civil War was a military conflict in the United States between the Union (states that chose to remain in the United States; "The North") and the Confederacy of the Southern Republic (states that chose to secede from the United States; "The South"). The central cause of the war was John Livingston's Emancipatory Edict. After the Pope-Hood Duel, President Julius Pope was hospitalized and John Livingston had to the Presidency. His first action as President was issue the **Emancipatory Edict**, an Executive Order which ordered the abolition of the institution of slavery, the emancipation of all slaves, and the universal enfranchisement of all men in the United States including "negroes".

Decades of political controversy over slavery, abolitionism, sectionalism, and southern nationalism all came to a head by the previously mentioned Emancipatory Edict. The South's response were the *Papers of Disunion and Southern Coalition,* which proclaimed "supremacy of the Southern Order" and threatened the secession of the southern states and the formation of the Republic of the Southern Confederacy.

Ending in a victory for the Union and an emancipation of slavery, though notably without any widescale reparations, civil rights, or protections for freedmen, this episode of American history resulted in widescale atrocities committed, the annexation of Texas by the Mexican Empire, the abolition of slavery within the United States of America, and the beginning of the Reconstruction era following the Civil War. For several decades afterwards, peonage and slavery by other names had grew rampant in the south, and the Antebellum Order was successfully preserved by groups such as the Ku Klux Klan. It was only until the Civil Rights Act of 1869, authored by Steven Pope, a descendant of Julius Pope, and the Klan Act, authored by Caser Shaft, a former Confederate citizen, that this era of peonage ended in most of the South.

## Causes of Secession

The causes behind the decision of the Southern States to form a confederated coalition between themselves for the purpose of secession from the United States, marking their withdrawal from Constitutional and Federal authority, are somewhat disputed, but mostly agreed upon. It is generally agreed upon that Livingston's Emancipation Edict; either the emancipation of slavery itself or the notion that the Executive Branch could make such a decision, was the motivation of secession. However, during the era, it was generally agreed upon that such an emancipatory executive order was unconstitutional, and could have easily been overturned or stricken down. It is, because of this, that it is currently the belief held by southern sympathizers that secession was a dangerous bluff made by the slaveholding elite of the American South to Congress and the American Judicature, and it was response of escalation to this bluff that actually began the American Civil War. The motivation behind escalation was likely due to southern sectionalism, that being a brand of southern nationalism, a view held by Julius Pope, or perhaps due to an emancipationist acknowledgement that war was necessary to end the horrors of chattel slavery in the United States.

### Southern Nationalism

Beginning at the turn of the century, the South developed a new and aggressive sense of “nationalism” that was rooted in its sense of distinctiveness and its perception that it was ringed by enemies. The South began to conceive of itself more and more as the true custodian of America’s revolutionary heritage. This was only enflamed by several military conflicts pertaining to the South, which shaped the general view of Southerners to adopt a form of nationalism. Furthermore, the North's view of the South had soured from the utter brutality of the initial Schwarzetoten Insurgency, and while the Dixie Revolt was far more moderate and compromising than the Schwarzetoten Rebellion which sparked it, it regardless had no positive effect on the Northern view of Southerners, further provoking abolitionist and sectionalist sentiments. The Schwarzetoten Rebellion itself was sparked from the expansion of suffrage to freedmen residing in the State of Slavetonne, which was viewed in the South as upsetting the balance established by the 3/5 Compromise many years earlier.

At the same time, southern intellectuals began to defend slavery as a positive factor, more-so due to the development of the cotton gin, which, as stated above, allowed slavery to become economically viable and the South to become a wealthy region. White Southerners stopped referring to slavery as a necessary evil. Instead, they argued that it was a beneficial institution that created a hierarchical society superior to the leveling democracy of the North. This nationalism developed by the South became another justification of slavery.

In the summer of 1822, a plot by a major free black leader named Denmark Vesey came to a head. Vesey had begun a major slave revolt now known as Telemaque's Rebellion, or Vesey's Servile War. Vesey held numerous secret meetings and eventually gained the support of both slaves and free blacks throughout the city and countryside who were willing to fight for their freedom. He was said to organize thousands of slaves who pledged to participate in his planned insurrection. By using intimate family ties between those in the countryside and the city, Vesey created an extensive network of supporters. He had then successfully raided the Charleston Meeting Street Arsenal and secured weaponry, which was then used to take slaveholders hostage throughout the city, taking inspiration from Haiti. Across South Carolina, several other slaveholding families were taken hostage by their slaves, and eventually a message was sent to President Miyles Times, alerting him that if the United States government did not cut back on the expansion of slavery going on at the time as a result of the invention of the cotton gin, or establish emancipationist policy, and allow servile immigration to Haiti, then he would instigate mass-revolt in Slavetonne.

Though the revolt ended in failure, as President Times, a slaveholding freedman himself, had taken decisive action against the revolt, the rise of militant abolitionism, sharpened by Telemaque's Slave Revolt, the South began to see itself as surrounded by enemies. Southern leaders responded aggressively. On the Senate floor in 1836, future President John C. Calhoun pronounced slavery “a good--a positive good” and set the tone for future southern proslavery arguments. Before the 1830s, southern statements on slavery had been defensive; afterward, they were defiant. The scale of the slave revolt had stoked both Southern Nationalism and the fears of the antebellum planter class that led to increased restrictions on both slaves and free blacks.

### Hood-Pope Duel

I'll rewrite this later. I accidentally did some misinformation n shit so i gotta redo my research and do this right lol

### Emancipatory Edict

The Emancipatory Edict was the final trigger for secession. Acting President John Livingston had been convinced by some of his fellow abolitionists, Patrick Hood being one of them, to issue an executive order compelling the full emancipa

## Progression of the War

### November 1837 - January 1838

The first months of the war saw early victories for the South, with a failed naval landing at New Orleans by General Patrick Hood and a rapid seizure of much of western Williamson. A southern attack on Illinois met defeat on the banks of the Ohio River at the Battle of Round Knob, where the Union's Army of the Ohio repelled 10,000 men of the Confederacy's Western Theatre Command.

#### The Sack of Cross Junction

The small town of Cross Junction , Virginia, was sacked by a militia led by Alexander Wilmington, a Pennsylvania anti-slavery radical. Wilmington's militia, 650-strong, raided the small town, burning it to the ground with approximately 700 casualties to the population.

### February - May 1838

By April, four clear fronts have developed in the war. There was the Maryland-Virginia Front, in which the Union tried to capture Richmond. There was also the Kentucky Front, in which the Army of the Ohio tried to capture Kentucky and reconnect with Williamson. Union forces fought in the Williamson forces, mainly on hills, trying to prevent a Confederate capture of Williamson. Meanwhile, the West Virginia front developed due to a Confederate offensive.

### May 1838

#### Entering Baltimore

Union forces neared encirclement of Baltimore, listening to the words of Surrender coming from its mayor. The troops had began sending small groups into the city but no big battle had yet to take place in the city. Other unionist troops entered the surrounding villages and began to attempt to encircle the city, but they were stopped by overwhelming confederate forces.

#### Operation Frederick

Operation Frederick was a plan to reach Charleston, crossing through the valleys of the Appalachian Mountains. Although the plan was thought out, what wasn't was the scale this was taking. The supply lines were shortened, not enough to feed the entire army of 32,000 and the difficult terrain made it almost impossible. The First battle of Lewisburg was a victory for the confederates, receiving about 7,000 losses but the second battle was uncoordinated and went very badly. It was still a victory for the confederates, but with the Union receiving 1,200 casualties and the Confederates receiving 10 times that amount there was a problem. The confederates only one due to one charge at the center of the city, killing a unknown general and forcing the Union to retreat into the mountains.

### July 1838

#### Capture of Baltimore

Union troops entered Baltimore on July 3rd, taking control of the weakening city. This may have been due to the Mayor surrendering, but one reason was that of the horrible disease which spread rapidly in the city. Union troops entered the city, with almost no fight after a day long bombardment from the Naval forces. The troops quickly put the city under a quarantine, and continued their advance towards Richmond.

#### Advance towards Richmond

Union troops had sent the Army of the Potomac, under Commanding General J.R Welcomb west in attempts to capture the city of Richmond, the most symbolic city in Virginia, and the Confederacy. The attempt proved decently successful until union troops were shot in a surprise attack by the Head of the Army of Northern Virginia, V.P Pope. His troops, which he commanded personally startled the Union, causing minor skirmishes giving time for Confederates to prepare Richmond. This small skirmish just gave the Confederates enough time to prepare for union forces. The Union originally made small advances but they were eventually sent back by the confederates who dug trenches, causing a mass grave site to the east of Richmond.

#### Landing at Newport Beach

Union Naval forces, had long been firing cannons at the beach in Virginia. It became a normality, which gave the Union troops time to prepare for a naval landing. In the darkness of night on July 12th, Union forces landed at harbor in New Port Beach, taking control of the city and the subsequent fort by morning on July 13th. This would give the forces in Richmond some breathing space as confederate troops had to arm the Coast as well.

### January 1839-September 1839

#### Capture of Huego Avalyn

Mississippi Governor and Brevet Lieutenant-General Huego Avalyn made his way with his subaltern, Captain Robert E. Lee, into Baltimore with the Virginia Second Cavalry Brigade, on a mission to recapture the city. Despite warnings from higher command of the idea's weaknesses, they proceeded on 18 February 1839. The brigade reached the outskirts of Baltimore, inflicting minor damage before being captured by the Army of the Potomac. Commanding General of the Army of The Potomac, J.R Welcomb was on 20 February 1839 informed that the Mississippi governor was captured by Potomac forces outside Baltimore. Welcomb, in accepting Avalyn's surrender, spoke before a crowd, **"The Senator of Mississippi has come to his senses, and has submitted peacefully to Union troops. A massive victory for the Union, and a wise choice on his behalf. He will be treated with utmost care and respect."** Upon news of his capture, the Confederate Senate discharged Avalyn and stripped his government positions.

#### Advance to Richmond

In early March, Union forces used Confederate confusion to make an advance to Richmond. The Confederate troops payed little attention, requiring the direct force of V.P Pope to stop Union forces. The Union was stopped around Richmond but small skirmishes would began to take place, but each side feared a major battle

#### Recapture of Newport Beach

An operation to retake the coastal city do Newport city was drawn up by the V.P pope to attempt to retake the general area. As the Vice President became more worried about the situation to the north, he ordered a charge for the beach. Though the Charge was not planned to the greatest, it caught Union troops off guard forcing many to surrender or swim into the city. The troops would reorganize and take proper control, before retaking the areas around the city in late March.

#### Advance to Knoxville

Confederate forces from Williamson, Kentucky and North Carolina made a massive push through the inner Appalachian valley during early-late April. The forces had yet to reach Knoxville, but had the city in sight. Union resistance was little giving the force of almost 110,000 free will in The Valley

#### Advance into Kentucky

As confederate forces became distracted with the situation in Williamson, union forces sent around 80,000 men into Northern Kentucky to fight off any troops. Most of the soldiers has long retreated eastward to other defensive lines. Union soldiers quickly advanced into parts of the state before stopping at Frankfort where Confederates troops were held. Union forces attempted a pincer movement which failed, though the Confederates couldn’t push back the troops either

#### 1st battle of the Northern Range

The first battle of the the Northern Range took place in the middle of May, on May 15th. Confederate troops who were being held in Nashville advanced north, forcing Union troops back into the mountains. The confederates lost little men. The battle gave the Confederates a great advantage, by leaving Nashville far from attack and freeing up tens of thousand of Confederate troops

#### Missouri Exits the Southern Republic

As the end of May rolled around, Missouri government realized it was greatly separated from the government In Richmond or Atlanta. The state finally decided, with little confederates defending the state that it would remove its union with them. The governor declared the states independence, allowing it to for 2 days before deciding on the 27th of May to join Union forces

#### Landing at New Orleans

In later July , Union forces attempted a repeat of what was once done a few months ago. That was a landing at New Orleans, but last time 1/3 of the union navy got destroyed. The union was prepared, bring a massive force to land on the city’s shores. During the night, Union forces took control of the beach and began advancing before Confederate troops even woke up. Within 30 minutes, Confederate troops quickly began retreating from the Union forces who greatly outnumbered them. Soon, the Union forces took control of the Mouth of the Mississippi, severely hindering the South’s Power

### October 1839-June 1840

#### Advance to Washington D.C

After the Great Advance towards Richmond by union forces, they appeared exhausted and almost looked dead. For long activity on the front was minimal. The Confederates took advantage of the situation and quickly advanced on the unprepared Union forces. The Union continued to retreat out of Virginia before Crossing the Potomac and setting up Camp, leaving over 150,000 confederate forces A bridge away from the Unions Capitol

#### Attack on New Orleans

As union forces held a tighter grip on the city of New Orleans, heavily outnumbered Confederate troops began an attack on the city. The plan soon failed, and the confederates were slaughtered out front of the City leaving only small groups of confederates left. After this defeat, the union advanced a bit north before being stopped by Confederate Artillery which began to strike the City

#### Advance into the Vanderbilt Territory

On March 3rd, a union army of about 5,000 advanced into the Vanderbilt Territory before setting up Fort Collins. Though it wasn’t a big deal to the Confederacy, it was a big deal tot eh many natives in the area. Native American tribes man stated that the Union had broken previous agreements signed by both states. The Confederates used this to their advantage to ask Native tribes to side with them, promising them their old lands

#### Capture of Frankfort

Forces led personably by V.P van Buren began an attack on Frankfort, on March 29th. The forces made a unitary charge on the city, causing Confederate forces to become disconnected. The two sides faced similar casualties, with most of the Confederate casualties in the loss is POW’s. The battle lasted a day, leading to the advance of Lexington

#### Advance on Lexington

As union forces defeated confederate in Frankfort they quickly made an advance on Lexington. Attempting to encircle the city, forces led directly by President Grant made a defensive line around the City to stand any attacks. The union forces under V.P van Buren attempted a pincer movement to encircle the city but failed due to reorganized Confederate troops, numbering about 45,000

#### Battle of Crossville

The battle of Crossville was a small battle of Confederate and Union forces, just north of Crossville. The battle consisted of a charge by Union Cavalry, resulting in the death of the majority of the union force in the area. The slightly stronger confederate force took afvantage of the situation, encircling the men on April 17th, effectively ending the battle. Confederate forces would continue north, connecting Williamson to Kentucky.

#### Crossing of the Mississippi

Advances of Union forces down the Mississippi would prove a disaster, giving time for Confederate forces from Missouri to be sent east. A force of about 10,000 men crossed the Mississippi, before being sent south to capture the broken union force. By crossing the Mississippi it meant that Missouri and Williamson were connected again.

#### Stalemate at Colombia

Confederate forces had made great advances into the Western part of Missouri after its exit from the Southern Republic. The force of about 65,000 marched to Colombia in attempt to take the city. Recognizing the cities possible danger, forces commanded by Sydney Lee attempted to encircle the city on May 3rd. The Confederates in the beginning made advances into the city, before being sent out by Union armies. The Confederate force which attempted to Encircle the city was stopped and pushed back. The battle continued until May 6th, when the forces stopped fighting. The whole states front line became a stalemate.

## End of the War (1841)

With the Union Capitol of DC surrounded, an effort was made to quickly retake Maryland and Virginia. The Union pushed hard and and deep through Maryland and past the Potomac, until in July 1838 the state of Maryland became the first Confederate State to surrender. The Union continued its hard push into Virginia from the Maryland border, with the Union making major gains in Virginia up until September 1839, when the South launched the largest counteroffensive in American history. Led by Julius Pope, the South redirected most of its supplied and forces to Virginia in hopes of taking the US capital of DC and ending the war.

In March 1840, the South accomplished this goal. On March the 14th, Southern forces entered the capital city, laying waste to the White House and Capitol. However, unfortunately for the South, the Union in preperation of an attack had temporarily moved the federal capital to the city of Boston, Massachusetts, far from the battlefield. The Union did not surrender, and the war continued.

The DC offensive had been costly on the Southern supplies. With the South weakened the Union easily pushed into and through Virginia, and when Mexico elected to declare war on the south in order to retake Texas and The Vanderbilt Territory, many in the south thought of this the end of their Republic. When a revolt of slaves began in the south, the South officially surrendered on October the 12th, 1841.

## Forces

### Union Army

* Army of the Cumberland - Western Theater - 2 corps - 72,000 men
* Army of Georgia - Western Theater - 2 corps - 72,000 men
* Army of the Gulf - Western Theater - 1 corps - 36,000 men
* Army of the James - Western Theater - 2 corps - 72,000 men
* Army of the Mississippi - Trans-Mississippi Theater - 2 corps - 72,000 men
* Army of the Potomac - Eastern Theater - 2 corps - 72,000 men
* Army of the Shenandoah - Eastern Theater - 1 corps - 36,000 men
* Army of the Tennessee - Eastern Theater - 2 corps - 72,000 men
* Army of Virginia - Eastern Theater - 2 corps - 72,000 men
* Army of the Pacific - Pacific Theater - 2 corps - 72,000 men

#### Confederate Army

* Army of Texas - Western Theater - 75,000 men (Huego Avalyn)
* Army of Kentucky - Trans-Mississippi Theater - 100,000 men (President G.W. Grant)
* Army of Georgia - Trans-Mississippi Theater - 10,000 men (President G.W. Grant)
* Army of Northern Virginia - Eastern Theater - 200,000 men (Vice President J. Pope)
* Army of Western Virginia - Eastern Theater - 150,000 men (Vice President J. Pope)
* Army of the Rio Grande - Western Theater - 30,000 men ( Donald Arbiter)