recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Courtyard

A **courtyard** or **court** is a circumscribed area, often surrounded by a building or complex, that is open to the sky.

Courtyards are common elements in both Western and Eastern building patterns and have been used by both ancient and contemporary architects as a typical and traditional building feature. Such spaces in inns and public buildings were often the primary meeting places for some purposes, leading to the other meanings of court. Both of the words *court* and *yard* derive from the same root, meaning an enclosed space. See yard and garden for the relation of this set of words. In universities courtyards are often known as quadrangles.
Central African Republic

The **Central African Republic** (**CAR**), formerly known as **Ubangi-Shari**, is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South Sudan to the east, the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the south, the Republic of the Congo to the southwest, and Cameroon to the west. The Central African Republic covers a land area of about 620,000 square kilometres (240,000 sq mi). As of 2021, it had an estimated population of around 5.5 million. As of 2023, the Central African Republic is the scene of a civil war, which is ongoing since 2012.

Most of the Central African Republic consists of Sudano-Guinean savannas, but the country also includes a Sahelo-Sudanian zone in the north and an equatorial forest zone in the south. Two-thirds of the country is within the Ubangi River basin (which flows into the Congo), while the remaining third lies in the basin of the Chari, which flows into Lake Chad.

What is today the Central African Republic has been inhabited since at least 8,000 BCE. The country's borders were established by France, which ruled the country as a colony starting in the late 19th century. After gaining independence from France in 1960, the Central African Republic was ruled by a series of autocratic leaders, including an abortive attempt at a monarchy.

By the 1990s, calls for democracy led to the first multi-party democratic elections in 1993. Ange-Félix Patassé became president, but was later removed by General François Bozizé in the 2003 coup. The Central African Republic Bush War began in 2004 and, despite a peace treaty in 2007 and another in 2011, civil war resumed in 2012. The civil war perpetuated the country's poor human rights record: it was characterized by widespread and increasing abuses by various participating armed groups, such as arbitrary imprisonment, torture, and restrictions on freedom of the press and freedom of movement.

Despite its significant mineral deposits and other resources, such as uranium reserves, crude oil, gold, diamonds, cobalt, lumber, and hydropower, as well as significant quantities of arable land, the Central African Republic is among the ten poorest countries in the world, with the lowest GDP per capita at purchasing power parity in the world as of 2017. As of 2021, according to the Human Development Index (HDI), the country had the fourth-lowest level of human development, ranking 188 out of 191 countries. The country had the lowest inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), ranking 156th out of 156 countries. The Central African Republic is also estimated to be the unhealthiest country as well as the worst country in which to be young.

The Central African Republic is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, the Economic Community of Central African States, the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie and the Non-Aligned Movement.
Caron

A **caron** is a diacritic mark (◌̌) commonly placed over certain letters in the orthography of some languages to indicate a change of the related letter's pronunciation.

The symbol is common in the Baltic, Slavic, Finnic, Samic and Berber languages.

The use of the caron differs according to the orthographic rules of a language. In most Slavic and other European languages it indicates present or historical palatalization (**e** → **ě**; [e] → [ʲe]), iotation, or postalveolar articulation (**c** → **č**; [ts] → [tʃ]). In Salishan languages, it often represents a uvular consonant (**x →** **x̌**; [x] → [χ]). When placed over vowel symbols, the caron can indicate a contour tone, for instance the falling and then rising tone in the Pinyin romanization of Mandarin Chinese. It is also used to decorate symbols in mathematics, where it is often pronounced /ˈtʃɛk/ ("check").

The caron is shaped approximately like a small letter "v". For serif typefaces, the caron generally has one of two forms: either symmetrical, essentially identical to a rotated circumflex; or with the left stroke thicker than the right, like the usual serif form of the letter "v" (but without serifs). The latter form is often preferred by Czech designers for use in Czech, while for other uses the symmetrical form tends to predominate, as it does also among sans-serif fonts.
Chʼortiʼ language

The **Chʼortiʼ language** (sometimes also *Chorti*) is a Mayan language, spoken by the indigenous Maya people who are also known as the Chʼortiʼ or Chʼortiʼ Maya. Chʼortiʼ is a direct descendant of the Classic Maya language in which many of the pre-Columbian inscriptions using the Maya script were written. Chʼortiʼ is the modern version of the ancient Mayan language Chʼolan (which was actively used and most popular between the years of A.D 250 and 850).

## Phonology and orthography

The Chʼortiʼ have their own standard way of writing their language. However, inaccurate ways to represent phonemes led to some variation among recent publications.

### Consonants

The consonants of Chʼortiʼ include glottal stop [ʼ], b, bʼ, ch, chʼ, d, g, j, k, kʼ, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, tʼ, tz, tzʼ, w, x, y.

Instances of both /b/, /d/ and /ɡ/ usually only appear in Spanish loan words. The j has two pronunciations, as either a voiceless velar fricative [x] or a voiceless glottal fricative [h]. Classic Mayan differentiated between the [x] and the [h]. This differentiation can be seen in some Chʼortiʼ literature, such as with the texts by Wisdom. The <w> and <y> are semivowels.

The ordering of terms would be that the consonants follows after the non glottal versions. Besides, words with rearticulated root vowels follow after their corresponding short vowels.

Therefore, the order of presentation will be as follows: a, aʼ, b, bʼ, ch, chʼ, d, e, eʼ, g, i, iʼ, j, k, kʼ, l, m, n, o, oʼ, p, r, s, t, tʼ, tz, tzʼ, u, uʼ, w, x, y.

#### Vowel clusters

 ee
 ii
 oo
 uu

When two vowels are put together in Chʼortiʼ the second vowel always takes precedence and then is always followed by a glottal stop. Chʼortiʼ doesn't have any long vowels. According to historians, long vowels occur in Classical Mayan, but have been lost in modern Chʼortiʼ.

In Chʼortiʼ language, aa or a꞉ is used as aʼ or Aʼ, we can see this pattern with all vowel clusters including eʼ, Iʼ, oʼ and uʼ.

Some examples of words with vowel clusters are꞉

* Jaʼx [xaʔʃ] = Her, ella
* Weʼr [weʔr] = meat, carne
* Bʼiʼx [pʼiʔʃ] = seed, semilla
* Tunoʼron [tunoʔɾon] = everyone, todos
* Kuʼm [kuʔm] = egg, huevo

## References

1. ↑ Hull, Kerry. (2005) "A Dictionary of Chʼortiʼ Maya, Guatemala." FAMSI.org Web. Available online:http://www.famsi.org/reports/03031/03031Hull01.pdf.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Pérez Martínez, Vitalino(1994) Gramática del idioma chʼortíʼ. Antigua, Guatemala: Proyecto Lingüístico Francisco Marroquín.
3. ↑ Chorti Maya Pronunciation Guide, Alphabet and Phonology.
Chicken Run

***Chicken Run*** is a 2000 stop-motion animated adventure comedy film produced by Pathé and Aardman Animations in partnership with DreamWorks Animation. Aardman's first feature-length film, it was directed by Peter Lord and Nick Park from a screenplay by Karey Kirkpatrick and based on an original story by Lord and Park. The film stars the voices of Julia Sawalha, Mel Gibson, Tony Haygarth, Miranda Richardson, Phil Daniels, Lynn Ferguson, Timothy Spall, Imelda Staunton, and Benjamin Whitrow. Set in the countryside of Yorkshire, the plot centres on a group of British anthropomorphic chickens who see an American rooster named Rocky Rhodes as their only hope to escape the farm when their owners want to turn them into chicken pies.

Released to critical acclaim, *Chicken Run* was also a commercial success, grossing over $220 million, becoming the highest-grossing stop-motion animated film in history and DreamWorks Animation's biggest success until *Shrek* in 2001 doubled it in terms of an animated film, but *Chicken Run* still holds it as a stop motion.

A sequel, titled *Chicken Run: Dawn of the Nugget*, is set to be released on Netflix on 15 December 2023. Its Netflix release followed its world premiere at the 67th BFI London Film Festival on 14 October 2023, which will also see preview screenings taking place at UK cinemas at the same time.
Cazotaxal

**Cazotaxal**, also known as **base 1292**, is a numeral system with 1292 as its base.

## Character list

* Page 1: 0-539
* Page 2: 540-1079

## Cyclic numbers

* The prime factorization of 1292 is  ×  × .
* It has 576 totatives.
* If *k*≥144, then *nk*+144 ends with the same digit as *nk*.

## Related numeral systems

* Octosexagesimal (base 68)
* Cataxal (base 76)
* Dotaxal (base 646)
Canada

**Canada** is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's second-largest country by total area, with the world's longest coastline. Its border with the United States is the world's longest international land border. The country is characterized by a wide range of both meteorologic and geological regions. It is a sparsely inhabited country of 40 million people, the vast majority residing south of the 55th parallel in urban areas. Canada's capital is Ottawa and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.

Indigenous peoples have continuously inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years. Beginning in the 16th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast. As a consequence of various armed conflicts, France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom, highlighted by the *Statute of Westminster, 1931*, and culminating in the *Canada Act 1982*, which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy in the Westminster tradition. The country's head of government is the prime minister, who holds office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the elected House of Commons and is "called upon" by the governor general, representing the monarch of Canada, the head of state. The country is a Commonwealth realm and is officially bilingual (English and French) in the federal jurisdiction. It is very highly ranked in international measurements of government transparency, quality of life, economic competitiveness, innovation, education and gender equality. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration. Canada's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its history, economy, and culture.

A developed country, Canada has a high nominal per capita income globally and its advanced economy ranks among the largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks. Canada is recognized as a middle power for its role in international affairs, with a tendency to pursue multilateral solutions. Canada's peacekeeping role during the 20th century has had a significant influence on its global image. Canada is part of multiple major international and intergovernmental institutions.
Chocolate

**Chocolate** or **cocoa** is a food made from roasted and ground cacao seed kernels that is available as a liquid, solid, or paste, either on its own or as a flavoring agent in other foods. Cacao has been consumed in some form since at least the Olmec civilization (19th–11th century BCE), and later Mesoamerican civilizations also consumed chocolate beverages before being introduced to Europe in the 16th century.
Catscratch

***Catscratch*** is an American animated television series created by Doug TenNapel (also known for creating the *Earthworm Jim* series). It aired on Nickelodeon from July 9, 2005, to February 10, 2007. It was a loose adaptation of TenNapel's comic book series, *Gear*, which in the series is also the name of the cats' monster truck. The series features music composed by longtime TenNapel collaborator, Terry Scott Taylor.
Cubic inch

The **cubic inch** (symbol **in3**) is a unit of volume in the Imperial units and United States customary units systems. It is the volume of a cube with each of its three dimensions (length, width, and height) being one inch long which is equivalent to 1/231 of a US gallon.

The cubic inch and the cubic foot are used as units of volume in the United States, although the common SI units of volume, the liter, milliliter, and cubic meter, are also used, especially in manufacturing and high technology. One cubic inch is approximately 16.387 mL.

One cubic foot is equal to exactly 1,728 cubic inches (28.32 L) because 123 = 1,728.

One US gallon is equal to exactly 231 cubic inches (3.79 L).
Caucasian Albanian language

**Caucasian Albanian** (also called **Old Udi**, **Aluan** or **Aghwan**) is an extinct member of the Northeast Caucasian languages. It was spoken in Caucasian Albania, which stretched from current day south Dagestan to Azerbaijan. Linguists believe it is an early linguistic predecessor to the endangered North Caucasian Udi language. The distinct Caucasian Albanian alphabet used 52 letters.

Caucasian Albanian possibly corresponds to the "Gargarian" language identified by medieval Armenian historians. Despite its name, Caucasian Albanian bears no linguistic relationship whatsoever with the Albanian language spoken in Albania, which belongs to the Indo-European family.
Cariban languages

The **Cariban languages** are a family of languages indigenous to northeastern South America. They are widespread across northernmost South America, from the mouth of the Amazon River to the Colombian Andes, and they are also spoken in small pockets of central Brazil. The languages of the Cariban family are relatively closely related. There are about three dozen, but most are spoken only by a few hundred people. Macushi is the only language among them with numerous speakers, estimated at 30,000. The Cariban family is well known among linguists partly because one language in the family—Hixkaryana—has a default word order of object–verb–subject. Prior to their discovery of this, linguists believed that this order did not exist in any spoken natural language.

In the 16th century, Cariban peoples expanded into the Lesser Antilles. There they killed or displaced, and also mixed with the Arawak peoples who already inhabited the islands. The resulting language—Kalhíphona or Island Carib—was Carib in name but largely Arawak in substance. The Carib male conquerors took Arawak women as wives, and the latter passed on their own language on to the children. For a time, Arawak was spoken by women and children and Carib by adult men, but as each generation of Carib-Arawak boys reached adulthood, they acquired less Carib until only basic vocabulary and a few grammatical elements were left. That form of Island Carib became extinct in the Lesser Antilles in the 1920s, but it survives as Garífuna, or "Black Carib," in Central America. The gender distinction has dwindled to only a handful of words. Dominica is the only island in the eastern Caribbean to retain some of its pre-Columbian population, descendants of the Carib Indians, about 3,000 of whom live on the island's east coast.
Chicken

The **chicken** (***Gallus domesticus***) is a domesticated species that arose from the red junglefowl, originally from India. They have also partially hybridized with other wild species of junglefowl (the grey junglefowl, Ceylon junglefowl, and green junglefowl). **Rooster** and **cock** are terms for adult male birds, and a younger male may be called a **cockerel**. A male that has been castrated is a capon. An adult female bird is called a **hen**, and a sexually immature female is called a **pullet**. Humans keep chickens primarily as a source of food (consuming both their meat and eggs) or as pets. Traditionally, they were also bred for cockfighting, which is still practiced in some places. Chickens domesticated for meat are broilers, and for eggs, they are layers.

Chickens are one of the most common and widespread domestic animals, with a total population of 23.7 billion as of 2018, up from more than 19 billion in 2011. There are more chickens in the world than any other bird. There are numerous cultural references to chickens—in myth, folklore, and religion, as well as in language and literature.

Genetic studies have pointed to multiple maternal origin theories within South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia, but the clade found in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa originated from the Indian subcontinent. From ancient India, the chicken spread to the Eastern Mediterranean. They appear in ancient Egypt in the mid-15th century BC, with the "bird that gives birth every day" having come from the land between Syria and Shinar, Babylonia, according to the annals of Thutmose III. They are known in ancient Greece from the 5th century BC.
Camp Lakebottom

***Camp Lakebottom*** is a Canadian animated television series produced by 9 Story Media Group that premiered on Teletoon in Canada on July 4, 2013 and on Disney XD in the U.S. on July 13, 2013 while seasons 2 and 3 have never aired in the U.S. nor repeated in the future years. The show airs on Disney Channels worldwide (except Portugal, where it instead airs on Biggs and RTP2, and Southeast Asia), as well as ABC in Australia.

In April 2014, Teletoon had renewed the show for a second season of another 26 episodes, which aired from 2015 until 2016. A third season started airing on July 3, 2017. The show aired its final episode on July 24, 2017.
Celestial equator

The **celestial equator** is the great circle of the imaginary celestial sphere on the same plane as the equator of Earth. By extension, it is also a plane of reference in the equatorial coordinate system. In other words, the celestial equator is an abstract projection of the terrestrial equator into outer space. Due to Earth's axial tilt, the celestial equator is currently inclined by about 23.44° with respect to the ecliptic (the plane of Earth's orbit), but has varied from about 22.0° to 24.5° over the past 5 million years due to perturbation from other planets.
Cenozoic

The **Cenozoic** is Earth's current geological era, representing the last 66 million years of Earth's history. It is characterised by the dominance of mammals, birds, and angiosperms (flowering plants). It is the latest of three geological eras, preceded by the Mesozoic and Paleozoic. The Cenozoic started with the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, when many species, including the non-avian dinosaurs, became extinct in an event attributed by most experts to the impact of a large asteroid or other celestial body, the Chicxulub impactor.
Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers

***Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers*** is an American animated adventure comedy television series produced by Walt Disney Television Animation. Created by Tad Stones and Alan Zaslove, it featured established Disney characters Chip 'n' Dale in a new setting. The series premiered on The Disney Channel on March 4, 1989, after the episode "Catteries Not Included" aired on August 27, 1988, as a preview. The series continued in September with a two-hour special, *Rescue Rangers: To the Rescue*, later divided into five parts to air as part of the weekday run. The final episode aired on November 19, 1990.

On September 18, 1989, the series entered national syndication. It often aired afternoons along with and following *DuckTales* and later *TaleSpin*. From 1990 to 1993, reruns were aired as a part of The Disney Afternoon. It was shown on Toon Disney upon that channel's launch in 1998 but was removed a decade later. The entire run became available (as one season) as part of Disney+ as of its launch on November 12, 2019, fully remastered in high definition. The series was initially released on Blu-ray on January 25, 2022, via Disney Movie Club, then everywhere else on February 15, 2022.

A live-action/animated metafictional sequel film with the same name was released on Disney+ on May 20, 2022. From May 19–20, 2022, Disney XD reran the show to promote the film.
Care Bears: Unlock the Magic

***Care Bears: Unlock the Magic*** is an animated children's television series and the sixth television series based on the *Care Bears* franchise, following *Care Bears and Cousins*.

The series follows the adventures of Good Luck, Funshine, Cheer, Grumpy, and Share Bear as they go on a mission to protect the land of the Silver Lining. The series premiered on Boomerang's streaming service on February 1, 2019, the television channel on March 30, 2019, and on Cartoon Network on April 16, 2019. On May 20, 2022, it was announced six new specials were ordered and will air on Cartoonito and HBO Max, where it had been airing since 2021.
Camp Lazlo

***Camp Lazlo*** is an American animated television series created by Joe Murray for Cartoon Network. The series follows Lazlo, an anthropomorphic spider monkey that goes to a camp called "Camp Kidney", a Boy Scout-like summer camp in Pimpleback Mountains. Lazlo resides in the "Jelly Bean" cabin with his fellow Bean Scouts; Raj, an Indian elephant, and Clam, a pygmy rhinoceros. Lazlo is often at odds with his pessimistic camp leader, Scoutmaster Lumpus, but usually gets along well with the second-in-command, Slinkman, and other campers. Camp Kidney sits just across the lake from Acorn Flats, which is home to the campsite of the all-female Squirrel Scouts (which functions somewhat similarly to the Girl Scouts). *Camp Lazlo* was one of the first Cartoon Network Studios series produced in a widescreen aspect ratio of 16:9, despite originally being broadcast in the full screen aspect ratio of 4:3.

*Camp Lazlo* was produced by Cartoon Network Studios. Its style of humor is similar to the Nickelodeon series *Rocko's Modern Life*, which Murray also created and worked on. The series premiered on Cartoon Network on July 8, 2005, and ran for five seasons comprising 61 episodes and the hour-long television special, *Where's Lazlo?*. The final episode aired on March 27, 2008. During its run, the series won three Primetime Emmy Awards and three Pulcinella Awards, and was nominated for another Emmy and an Annie Award. Spin-off media include DVDs, restaurant promotions, a video game, and digital download releases.

## Episodes

Main article: List of Camp Lazlo episodes
Care Bears: Adventures in Care-a-Lot

***Care Bears: Adventures in Care-a-lot*** is an American animated television series produced by Sabella Dern Entertainment and American Greetings. The show is distributed by DIC Entertainment and later Cookie Jar Group in reruns. The series, a follow-up to the movie *Care Bears: Oopsy Does It!*, is the third *Care Bears* television series, after the first version (produced by DIC Entertainment in 1985) and the second version (produced by Nelvana in 1986). The 2007 version features songs with music by Andy Street and lyrics by Judy Rothman.

The series aired on the CBS *KEWLopolis* programming block from September 15, 2007 to December 6, 2008. Along with the other shows in the KEWLopolis block, this series fulfilled the federal "E/I" requirements. Reruns continue to air on CBS until September 12, 2009 when KEWLopolis was dropped and replaced by Cookie Jar TV.
Caneptal

**Caneptal**, also known as **base 1948**, is a numeral system with 1948 as its base.

## Character list

* See below: 0-539
* See below: 540-1079
* See below: 1080-1619

## Cyclic numbers

* The prime factorization of 1948 is  × .
* It has 972 totatives.
* If *k*≥486, then *nk*+486 ends with the same digit as *nk*.

## Related numeral systems

* Dinental (base 324)
* Dineptal (base 974)
Chimpanzee

The **chimpanzee** (/tʃɪmpænˈzi/; ***Pan troglodytes***), also known as simply the **chimp**, is a species of great ape native to the forest and savannah of tropical Africa. It has four confirmed subspecies and a fifth proposed one. When its close relative the bonobo was more commonly known as the pygmy chimpanzee, this species was often called the **common chimpanzee** or the **robust chimpanzee**. The chimpanzee and the bonobo are the only species in the genus *Pan*. Evidence from fossils and DNA sequencing shows that *Pan* is a sister taxon to the human lineage and is humans' closest living relative. The chimpanzee is covered in coarse black hair, but has a bare face, fingers, toes, palms of the hands, and soles of the feet. It is larger and more robust than the bonobo, weighing 40–70 kg (88–154 lb) for males and 27–50 kg (60–110 lb) for females and standing 150 cm (4 ft 11 in).

The chimpanzee lives in groups that range in size from 15 to 150 members, although individuals travel and forage in much smaller groups during the day. The species lives in a strict male-dominated hierarchy, where disputes are generally settled without the need for violence. Nearly all chimpanzee populations have been recorded using tools, modifying sticks, rocks, grass and leaves and using them for hunting and acquiring honey, termites, ants, nuts and water. The species has also been found creating sharpened sticks to spear small mammals. Its gestation period is eight months. The infant is weaned at about three years old but usually maintains a close relationship with its mother for several years more.

The chimpanzee is listed on the IUCN Red List as an endangered species. Between 170,000 and 300,000 individuals are estimated across its range. The biggest threats to the chimpanzee are habitat loss, poaching, and disease. Chimpanzees appear in Western popular culture as stereotyped clown-figures and have featured in entertainments such as chimpanzees' tea parties, circus acts and stage shows. Although many chimpanzees have been kept as pets, their strength, aggressiveness, and unpredictability makes them dangerous in this role. Some hundreds have been kept in laboratories for research, especially in the United States. Many attempts have been made to teach languages such as American Sign Language to chimpanzees, with limited success.
Carpet

A **carpet** is a textile floor covering typically consisting of an upper layer of pile attached to a backing. The pile was traditionally made from wool, but since the 20th century synthetic fibers such as polypropylene, nylon, or polyester have often been used, as these fibers are less expensive than wool. The pile usually consists of twisted tufts that are typically heat-treated to maintain their structure. The term *carpet* is often used in a similar context to the term *rug*, but rugs are typically considered to be smaller than a room and not attached to the floor.
Cataxlumal

**Cataxlumal**, also known as **base 3116**, is a numeral system with 3116 as its base.

## Character list

* Page 1: 0-539
* Page 2: 540-1079
* Page 3: 1080-1619
* Page 4: 1620-2159
* Page 5: 2160-2699

## Cyclic numbers

* The prime factorization of 3116 is  ×  × .
* It has 1440 totatives.
* If *k*≥360, then *nk*+360 ends with the same digit as *nk*.

## Related numeral systems

* Cataxal (base 76)
* Calumal (base 164)
* Kinoctoval (base 360)
* Axlumal (base 779)
Cebuano language

**Cebuano** (/sɛˈbwɑːnoʊ/ *seb-WAH-noh*) is an Austronesian language spoken in the southern Philippines. It is natively called by its generic term **Bisaya** or **Binisaya** (both are sometimes translated into English as *Visayan*, though this should not be confused with other Bisayan languages) and sometimes referred to in English sources as **Cebuan** (/sɛˈbuːən/ *seb-OO-ən*). It is spoken by the Visayan ethnolinguistic groups native to the islands of Cebu, Bohol, Siquijor, the eastern half of Negros, the western half of Leyte, and the northern coastal areas of Northern Mindanao and the Zamboanga Peninsula. In modern times, it has also spread to the Davao Region, Cotabato, Camiguin, parts of the Dinagat Islands, and the lowland regions of Caraga, often displacing native languages in those areas (most of which are closely related to the language).

While Tagalog has the largest number of native speakers among the languages of the Philippines today, Cebuano had the largest native-language-speaking population in the Philippines from the 1950s until about the 1980s.[*failed verification*] It is by far the most widely spoken of the Bisayan languages.

Cebuano is the *lingua franca* of Central Visayas, the western parts of Eastern Visayas, some western parts of Palawan and most parts of Mindanao. The name Cebuano is derived from the island of Cebu, which is the source of Standard Cebuano. Cebuano is also the primary language in Western Leyte—noticeably in Ormoc. Cebuano is assigned the ISO 639-2 three-letter code **ceb**, but not a ISO 639-1 two-letter code.

The Commission on the Filipino Language, the Philippine government body charged with developing and promoting the national and regional languages of the country, spells the name of the language in Filipino as *Sebwano*.

## Phonology

### Vowels

Below is the vowel system of Cebuano with their corresponding letter representation in angular brackets:

 **Standard Cebuano vowel phonemes**

### Consonants

For Cebuano consonants, all the stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal /ŋ/ occurs in all positions, including at the beginning of a word (e.g. *ngano*, "why"). The glottal stop /ʔ/ is most commonly encountered in between two vowels, but can also appear in all positions.

In certain dialects, /l/ ⟨l⟩ may be interchanged with /w/ ⟨w⟩ in between vowels and vice versa depending on the following conditions:

### Stress

Stress accent is phonemic, which means that words with different accent placements, such as *dapít* (near) and *dápit* (place), are considered separate. The stress is predictably on the penult when the second-to-last syllable is closed (CVC or VC). On the other hand, when the syllable is open (CV or V), the stress can be on either the penultimate or the final syllable (although there are certain grammatical conditions or categories under which the stress is predictable, such as with numbers and pronouns).

## References

1. ↑ Cebuano Phonetics and Orthography. Dila.
2. ↑ Thompson, Irene (11 July 2013). Cebuano. About World Languages.
Centossol

**Centossol** is equal to {10,10 (1) 10,10,10,...100 10's...10,10,10,100} in BEAF. The term was coined by XRQ CORPORATION.

## Etymology

The name of this number is based on prefix "**centi-**" and the number "gossol".

## Approximations

 Slow-growing hierarchy | \(g\_{\vartheta((\Omega^{\Omega+{100}})\omega)}(100)\)

## References

1. ↑ XRQ CORPORATION's Googol Series (accessed 2022-08-30)
Centaur

**Centaur** is a serif typeface by book and typeface designer Bruce Rogers, based on the Renaissance-period printing of Nicolas Jenson around 1470. He used it for his design of the Oxford Lectern Bible. It was given widespread release by the British branch of Monotype, paired with an italic designed by calligrapher Frederic Warde and based on the slightly later work of calligrapher and printer Ludovico Vicentino degli Arrighi. The italic has sometimes been named separately as the "Arrighi" italic.

Centaur is an elegant and quite slender design, lighter on the page than Jenson's work and most other revivals, an effect possibly amplified in the digital release compared to the metal type. It has been popular in fine book printing and is often used both for printing body text and especially titles and headings. One of its most notable uses has been in the designs of Penguin Books, who have regularly used it for titling.
Chhota Bheem

***Chhota Bheem*** (transl. Little Bheem) is an Indian animated comedy adventure television series, created by Green Gold Animations based in Hyderabad. This show is available in English, Hindi, Telugu and Tamil. Bheem is a brave, strong and intelligent young boy. He often manages to solve everyone's problems which endears him to the townspeople of Dholakpur.
Circuit City

**Circuit City Corporation, Inc.**, formerly **Circuit City Stores, Inc.**, is an American consumer electronics retail company, which was founded in 1949 by Samuel Wurtzel as the **Wards Company**, operated stores across the United States, and pioneered the electronics superstore format in the 1970s. After multiple purchases and a successful run on the NYSE, it changed its name to Circuit City Stores Inc.

The brand name was re-established by Ronny Shmoel in 2016 as part of his acquisition of the brand name and trademark rights sold by Systemax, which formerly operated the CircuitCity.com website from 2009 until 2012, when it was consolidated into the TigerDirect brand.
Confetti

**Confetti** are small pieces or streamers of paper, mylar, or metallic material which are usually thrown at celebrations, especially parades and weddings. The origins are from the Latin *confectum*, with *confetti* the plural of Italian *confetto*, small sweet. Modern paper confetti trace back to symbolic rituals of tossing grains and sweets during special occasions, traditional for numerous cultures throughout history as an ancient custom dating back to pagan times, but adapted from sweets and grains to paper through the centuries. Confetti are manufactured in multiple colors, and commercially available confetti come in many different shapes. A distinction is made between confetti and glitter; glitter is smaller than confetti (pieces usually no larger than 1mm) and is universally shiny. Most table confetti are also shiny. While they are called metallic confetti they are actually metallized PVC. The most popular shape is the star. Seasonally, Snowflake Confetti are the most requested shape. Most party supply stores carry paper and metallic confetti. Confetti are commonly used at social gatherings such as parties, weddings, and Bar Mitzvahs. The simplest confetti are simply shredded paper (see ticker-tape parade), and can be made with scissors or a paper shredder. Chads punched out of scrap paper are also common. A hole punch makes small round chads, and a ticket punch makes more elaborate chads. Most pieces of paper flats will flutter as tumblewings giving long flight times.
Cazotental

**Cazotental**, also known as **base 4624**, is a numeral system with 4624 as its base.

## Character list

* Page 1: 0-539
* Page 2: 540-1079
* Page 3: 1080-1619
* Page 4: 1620-2159
* Page 5: 2160-2699
* Page 6: 2700-3239
* Page 7: 3240-3779
* Page 8: 3780-4319

## Cyclic numbers

* The prime factorization of 4624 is  × .
* It has 2176 totatives.
* If *k*≥272, then *nk*+272 ends with the same digit as *nk*.
Chartreuse

**Chartreuse**, also known as **yellow-green** or **greenish yellow**, is a color between yellow and green. It was named because of its resemblance to the green color of a French liqueur called *green chartreuse*, introduced in 1764. Similarly, *chartreuse yellow* is a yellow color mixed with a small amount of green; it was named because of its resemblance to the color of a similar French liqueur called *yellow chartreuse*.

During the 2000s, yellow-green, as well as other shades of bright green like lime green, became a very popular aesthetic of choice due to various tech companies using it as office decor and other associated products and the massive popularity and success of the *Shrek* franchise from Dreamworks.
Coyote

The **coyote** (***Canis latrans***) is a species of canine native to North America. It is smaller than its close relative, the wolf, and slightly smaller than the closely related eastern wolf and red wolf. It fills much of the same ecological niche as the golden jackal does in Eurasia. The coyote is larger and more predatory and was once referred to as the **American jackal** by a behavioral ecologist. Other historical names for the species include the **prairie wolf** and the **brush wolf**.

The coyote is listed as least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, due to its wide distribution and abundance throughout North America. The species is versatile, able to adapt to and expand into environments modified by humans; urban coyotes are common in many cities. The coyote was sighted in eastern Panama (across the Panama Canal from their home range) for the first time in 2013.

The coyote has 19 recognized subspecies. The average male weighs 8 to 20 kg (18 to 44 lb) and the average female 7 to 18 kg (15 to 40 lb). Their fur color is predominantly light gray and red or fulvous interspersed with black and white, though it varies somewhat with geography. It is highly flexible in social organization, living either in a family unit or in loosely knit packs of unrelated individuals. Primarily carnivorous, its diet consists mainly of deer, rabbits, hares, rodents, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and invertebrates, though it may also eat fruits and vegetables on occasion. Its characteristic vocalization is a howl made by solitary individuals. Humans are the coyote's greatest threat, followed by cougars and gray wolves. In spite of this, coyotes sometimes mate with gray, eastern, or red wolves, producing "coywolf" hybrids. In the northeastern regions of North America, the eastern coyote (a larger subspecies, though still smaller than wolves) is the result of various historical and recent matings with various types of wolves. Genetic studies show that most North American wolves contain some level of coyote DNA.

The coyote is a prominent character in Native American folklore, mainly in Aridoamerica, usually depicted as a trickster that alternately assumes the form of an actual coyote or a man. As with other trickster figures, the coyote uses deception and humor to rebel against social conventions. The animal was especially respected in Mesoamerican cosmology as a symbol of military might. After the European colonization of the Americas, it was seen in Anglo-American culture as a cowardly and untrustworthy animal. Unlike wolves, which have seen their public image improve, attitudes towards the coyote remain largely negative.
Chiquitano language

**Chiquitano** (also *Bésɨro* or *Tarapecosi*) is an indigenous language isolate spoken in the central region of Santa Cruz Department of eastern Bolivia and the state of Mato Grosso in Brazil.

## Phonology

### Nasal assimilation

Chiquitano has regressive assimilation triggered by nasal nuclei / ɨ̃ ĩ ũ õ ã ẽ/ and targeting consonant onsets within a morpheme.

* /suβũ/ → [suˈmũ] 'parrot (sp.)'
Clarence

***Clarence*** is an American animated television series created by Skyler Page for Cartoon Network. The series revolves around the title character and his two best friends, Jeff and Sumo. The creator of the series, Skyler Page, a former storyboard artist for *Adventure Time* and revisionist for *Secret Mountain Fort Awesome*, developed the series at Cartoon Network Studios as part of their shorts development program in 2012.

The pilot aired after the 2014 *Hall of Game Awards* show on February 17, 2014. The series officially premiered on April 14, 2014, and was seen by approximately 2.3 million viewers, outperforming shows in its same demographic in the time slot. The series' pilot was nominated for a Creative Arts Emmy Award. The series completed its four-year run on June 24, 2018, after three seasons and 130 episodes.
Cheerios

**Cheerios** is a brand of cereal manufactured by General Mills in the United States and Canada, consisting of pulverized oats in the shape of a solid torus. In some countries, including the United Kingdom, Cheerios is marketed by Cereal Partners under the Nestlé brand; in Australia and New Zealand, Cheerios is sold as an Uncle Tobys product. It was first manufactured in 1941 as **CheeriOats**.
Chatino language

**Chatino** is a group of indigenous Mesoamerican languages. These languages are a branch of the Zapotecan family within the Oto-Manguean language family. They are natively spoken by 45,000 Chatino people, whose communities are located in the southern portion of the Mexican state of Oaxaca.

The Chatinos have close cultural and linguistic ties with the Zapotec people, whose languages form the other branch of the Zapotecan language family. Chatinos call their language chaqꟳ tnyaᴶ. Chatino is recognized as a national language in Mexico.

## Orthography

The glottal stop is variously written as a 'q' (as here), a '7', IPA 'ʔ', or a saltillo 'ꞌ'. The last can be confused with the tone letter 'I' in a non-serif font.

Tone letters in many varieties of Western Highlands Chatino are capital letters A through L. These have dedicated Unicode characters (ᴬ ᴮ ꟲ ᴰ ᴱ ꟳ ᴳ ᴴ ᴵ ᴶ ᴷ ᴸ).
Capricorn

**Capricorn** (♑︎) (Greek: Αιγόκερως, romanized: Aigókerōs, Latin for "horned goats") is the tenth astrological sign in the zodiac out of twelve total zodiac signs, originating from the constellation of Capricornus, the goat. It spans the 270–300th degree of the zodiac, corresponding to celestial longitude. Under the tropical zodiac, the sun transits this area from around December 22 to January 19. Capricorn is one of the three earth signs alongside Virgo and Taurus, a negative sign, and one of the four cardinal signs. Capricorn is ruled by the planet Saturn along with Aquarius. Capricorn's opposite sign is Cancer.
Chimney

A **chimney** is an architectural ventilation structure made of masonry, clay or metal that isolates hot toxic exhaust gases or smoke produced by a boiler, stove, furnace, incinerator, or fireplace from human living areas. Chimneys are typically vertical, or as near as possible to vertical, to ensure that the gases flow smoothly, drawing air into the combustion in what is known as the stack, or chimney effect. The space inside a chimney is called the *flue*. Chimneys are adjacent to large industrial refineries, fossil fuel combustion facilities or part of buildings, steam locomotives and ships.

In the United States, the term *smokestack industry* refers to the environmental impacts of burning fossil fuels by industrial society, including the electric industry during its earliest history. The term ***smokestack*** (colloquially, ***stack***) is also used when referring to locomotive chimneys or ship chimneys, and the term ***funnel*** can also be used.

The height of a chimney influences its ability to transfer flue gases to the external environment via stack effect. Additionally, the dispersion of pollutants at higher altitudes can reduce their impact on the immediate surroundings. The dispersion of pollutants over a greater area can reduce their concentrations and facilitate compliance with regulatory limits.
Cars (film)

***Cars*** is a 2006 American animated sports comedy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures. The film was directed by John Lasseter, co-directed by Joe Ranft, produced by Darla K. Anderson, and written by Dan Fogelman, Lasseter, Ranft, Kiel Murray, Phil Lorin, and Jorgen Klubien, and was the final film independently produced by Pixar after its purchase by Disney in January 2006. The film features an ensemble voice cast of Owen Wilson, Paul Newman (in his final voice acting theatrical film role), Bonnie Hunt, Larry the Cable Guy, Tony Shalhoub, Cheech Marin, Michael Wallis, George Carlin, Paul Dooley, Jenifer Lewis, Guido Quaroni, Michael Keaton, Katherine Helmond, John Ratzenberger and Richard Petty, while race car drivers Dale Earnhardt Jr. (as "Junior"), Mario Andretti, Michael Schumacher and car enthusiast Jay Leno (as "Jay Limo") voice themselves.

Set in a world populated entirely by anthropomorphic talking cars and other vehicles, it follows an overconfident, conceited rookie race car named Lightning McQueen (Wilson) who, on his way to the biggest race of his life, discovers in the rundown town of Radiator Springs when he gets stranded, where he learns humility and friendship from the residents.

Development for *Cars* started in 1998, after finishing the production of *A Bug's Life*, with a new script titled *The Yellow Car*, which was about an electric car living in a gas-guzzling world with Klubien writing. It was announced that the producers agreed that it could be the next Pixar film after *A Bug's Life*, scheduled for a 1999 release, particularly around June 4; the idea was later scrapped in favor of *Toy Story 2*. Shortly after, production was resumed with major script changes. The film was inspired by Lasseter's experiences on a cross-country road trip. Randy Newman composed the film's score, while artists such as Sheryl Crow, Rascal Flatts, John Mayer and Brad Paisley contributed to the film's soundtrack.

*Cars* premiered on May 26, 2006, at Lowe's Motor Speedway in Concord, North Carolina and was theatrically released in the United States on June 9, to generally positive reviews and commercial success, grossing $462 million worldwide against a budget of $120 million, becoming the sixth-highest-grossing film of 2006. The film received two nominations at the 79th Academy Awards, including Best Animated Feature, but lost to *Happy Feet* (but won both the Annie Award for Best Animated Feature and the Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film). The film was released on DVD on November 7, 2006, on VHS in limited quantities on February 19, 2007, and on Blu-ray on November 6, 2007. The film was accompanied by the short *One Man Band* for its theatrical and home media releases. The film was dedicated to Joe Ranft, who died in a car crash during the film's production.

The success of *Cars* launched a multimedia franchise and a series of two sequels produced by Pixar and two spin-offs produced by Disneytoon Studios, starting with *Cars 2* (2011).
Crab

**Crabs** are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder **Brachyura**, which typically have a very short projecting "tail" (abdomen), usually hidden entirely under the thorax (*brachyura* means "short tail" in Greek). They live in all the world's oceans, in freshwater, and on land, are generally covered with a thick exoskeleton, and have a single pair of pincers. They first appeared during the Jurassic Period.
Catarkithal

**Catarkithal**, also known as **base 3172**, is a numeral system with 3172 as its base.

## Character list

* Page 1: 0-539
* Page 2: 540-1079
* Page 3: 1080-1619
* Page 4: 1620-2159
* Page 5: 2160-2699

## Cyclic numbers

* The prime factorization of 3172 is  ×  × .
* It has 1440 totatives.
* If *k*≥60, then *nk*+60 ends with the same digit as *nk*.

## Related numeral systems

* Cadithal (base 52)
* Sexagesimal (base 60)
* Catarkal (base 244)
* Thisarkal (base 793)
* Diarkithal (base 1586)
Cheltenham

**Cheltenham** is a typeface for display use designed in 1896 by architect Bertram Goodhue and Ingalls Kimball, director of the Cheltenham Press. The original drawings were known as *Boston Old Style* and were made about 14" high. These drawings were then turned over to Morris Fuller Benton at American Type Founders (ATF) who developed it into a final design. Trial cuttings were made as early as 1899 but the face was not complete until 1902. The face was patented by Kimball in 1904. Later the basic face was spun out into an extensive type family by Morris Fuller Benton.

Cheltenham is not based on a single historical model, and shows influences of the Arts and Crafts Movement. Originally intended as a text face, "Chelt" became hugely successful as the "king of the display faces." Part of the face's huge popularity is because, as it has elements of both an old style and transitional face, a Cheltenham headline complements virtually any body type. The overwhelming popularity of the face for display purposes lasted until the advent of the geometric sans-serif typefaces of the 1930s.