recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Bebb willow

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Water

high moisture; no salinity tolerance and no drought tolerance

### Soil

coarse/medium/fine soil, pH 5.5-7.5, medium fertilizer

**Bebb willow** (*Salix bebbiana*) is a tree or shrub native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland. This plant (or a varietal) is on Maryland's threatened list.

## Identification

Its foliage is typically green.

It grows at moderate speed from two or more stems to a height of about 12 feet with roots at least 16 inches deep, and has a lifespan of 100 to 250 years. It will readily resprout even if cut down to the ground.

## Cultivation

The USDA believes this plant to be readily available for purchase. It is suitable for growing in a nursery. It is propagated by the following methods: bare root, container, cuttings.

Soil preferences: coarse/medium/fine soil, pH 5.5-7.5, medium fertilizer. Provide high moisture. This plant has no salinity tolerance and no drought tolerance. It prefers full sun.

## Uses and Relationships

If you're seeking to provide forage to wildlife, this plant is of medium value.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Salix bebbiana* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
Bluebead

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Water

medium moisture; no salinity tolerance and low drought tolerance

### Soil

medium/fine soil, pH 5-6.8, medium fertilizer

**Bluebead** (*Clintonia borealis*) is a perennial flower native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland. This plant (or a varietal) is on Maryland's threatened list.

## Identification

Its foliage is typically green. It has yellow flowers which appear in mid spring.

It grows at moderate speed from rhizomes to a height of about 1.1 feet with roots at least 8 inches deep, and has a lifespan under a hundred years.

## Cultivation

The USDA believes this plant to be unavailable for purchase. It is propagated by the following methods: seed, sprigs. Typically, this plant will seed itself at a slow rate, and new seedlings will have a low chance of success compared to other plants of this type.

Soil preferences: medium/fine soil, pH 5-6.8, medium fertilizer. Provide medium moisture. This plant has no salinity tolerance and low drought tolerance. It prefers full sun.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Clintonia borealis* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
American holly

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Water

medium moisture; medium salinity tolerance and medium drought tolerance

### Soil

coarse/medium soil, pH 4.5-7, medium fertilizer

**American holly** (*Ilex opaca*) is an evergreen tree or shrub native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## Identification

Its foliage is typically green and has conspicuous fall interest. Foliage is retained in winter. Red fruit is sparsely produced from summer to fall.

It grows slowly from a single stem to a height of about 40 feet with roots at least 30 inches deep, and has a lifespan of 100 to 250 years. It will readily resprout even if cut down to the ground.

## Cultivation

The USDA believes this plant to be readily available for purchase. It is suitable for growing in a nursery. It is propagated by the following methods: bare root, container, cuttings, seed. Seeds will be more successful if cold stratification is used. Typically, this plant will seed itself at a slow rate, and new seedlings will have a low chance of success compared to other plants of this type.

Soil preferences: coarse/medium soil, pH 4.5-7, medium fertilizer. Provide medium moisture. This plant has medium salinity tolerance and medium drought tolerance. It tolerates shade.

## Uses and Relationships

If you're seeking to provide forage to wildlife, this plant is of low value.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Ilex opaca* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
Biota of North America Program

The **Biota of North America Program** (BONAP) is a remarkable program which began in the early 1970s - and which is still decades from completion - to catalog every vascular plant found in North America. It contains a massive collection of high-quality data... which, unfortunately, is only accessible through a *comically* bad web page. In general, BONAP contains much more accurate county-level data than the USDA PLANTS Database, but actually pulling that data out is challenging at best.

The project has two major elements. First is the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA) which contains static maps of every species in the database showing exactly where they're found. For example, here is the page of maps for genus *Acer* (the maples). Note that there is one map for the genus overall and then individual maps for every species in that genus. Dark green means "this plant, native to North America, has been recorded in the wild in that **state**" and bright green means "this plant, native to North America, has been recorded in the wild in that **county**". Blue, similarly, means introduced species recorded in the wild in a given state (dark blue) or county (light blue). Bright magenta indicates a plant legally recognized as a noxious weed in a given state or county. (There are additional colors, but those are the most common.) Unlike the PLANTS database, NAPA contains county-level data for Maryland.

The other major element is the Taxonomic Data Center (TDC), which allows you to find a list of plants meeting certain parameters, including range, nativity, and a host of others. This data can be downloaded as a TSV (tab-separated values) text file. However, the only information provided in the TSV is a list of scientific names - no other options are available.

Despite the high quality of the data, BONAP has two key problems:

* All of the range map images in NAPA are copyrighted, meaning they **cannot** be included on our Wiki. We can link to NAPA pages but cannot use their images directly.
* The TDC obviously contains a fantastically large and useful data set... which cannot be accessed directly. You must download a separate TSV file for every parameter you wish to search on - there is no one single page where you can learn, for example, that *Acer nigrum* is a native tree reported in Harford, Montgomery, Frederick, Allegany, and Garrett counties, which has deciduous leaves arranged in an opposite pattern, spring flowers that may generate allergenic pollen, etc. To learn all of that, you would need to run individual queries on "native", "tree", each individual Maryland county, "deciduous leaves", "leaves in an opposite pattern", "spring flowers", and "allergenic pollen", and then write some kind of script to cross-reference all of that data.

These fundamental issues - and the general low quality of the website - mean that BONAP is substantially less useful as a resource than the less accurate but easier to query PLANTS database.

## References

1. ↑ BONAP, Introducing the Biota of North America Program
2. ↑ BONAP, BONAP vs PLANTS, 2011
Order of the Veil

## Overview

Guardians of the innocent and the weak is the biggest thing associated with the Order of the Veil. Next would be the fact that they are an entirely female order of Knights that have been known in the past to stand against Pvethian kings that behave as tyrants.

They were disbanded by King Vincent DeAlmieda, the corrupt, after an almost disastrous war between the order and the throne but in the last decade they have been allowed to reform. They have an uneasy relationship with the crown.
Beaked dodder

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Type

perennial flower or vine

**Beaked dodder** (*Cuscuta rostrata*) is a perennial flower or vine native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland. This plant (or a varietal) is on Maryland's endangered list.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Cuscuta rostrata* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
Beaked spikerush

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Water

high moisture; medium salinity tolerance and no drought tolerance

### Soil

coarse/medium/fine soil, pH 6-8, low fertilizer

**Beaked spikerush** (*Eleocharis rostellata*) is a perennial grass or sedge native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## Identification

It grows at moderate speed from rhizomes to a height of about 3 feet with roots at least 10 inches deep, and has a lifespan of 100 to 250 years.

## Cultivation

The USDA believes this plant to be unavailable for purchase. It is propagated by the following methods: bare root, seed, sprigs. Typically, this plant will seed itself at a slow rate, and new seedlings will have a low chance of success compared to other plants of this type.

Soil preferences: coarse/medium/fine soil, pH 6-8, low fertilizer. Provide high moisture. This plant has medium salinity tolerance and no drought tolerance. It prefers full sun.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Eleocharis rostellata* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
Bluntleaf pondweed

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Type

perennial flower

**Bluntleaf pondweed** (*Potamogeton obtusifolius*) is a perennial flower native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Potamogeton obtusifolius* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
American plum

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Water

medium moisture; low salinity tolerance and no drought tolerance

### Soil

coarse/medium soil, pH 5-7, medium fertilizer

**American plum** (*Prunus americana*) is a tree or shrub native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## Identification

Its foliage is typically green. It has white flowers which appear in mid spring. Red fruit, which may be edible (but consult a reliable source before eating), is produced to a moderate extent from summer to fall.

It grows at moderate speed from a single stem to a height of about 24 feet with roots at least 24 inches deep, and has a lifespan over 250 years. It will readily resprout even if cut down to the ground.

## Cultivation

The USDA believes this plant to be readily available for purchase. It is suitable for growing in a nursery. It is propagated by the following methods: bare root, container, seed. Seeds will be more successful if cold stratification is used. Typically, this plant will seed itself at a slow rate, and new seedlings will have a high chance of success compared to other plants of this type.

Soil preferences: coarse/medium soil, pH 5-7, medium fertilizer. Provide medium moisture. This plant has low salinity tolerance and no drought tolerance. It prefers full sun.

## Uses and Relationships

At least some parts of the plant are slightly toxic to either humans or animals. At least some parts of the plant may be edible to humans. (Confirm against a reliable resource before attempting to eat any unknown plant.) If you're seeking to provide forage to wildlife, this plant is of medium value.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Prunus americana* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
Aleutian maidenhair

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Type

perennial flower

**Aleutian maidenhair** (*Adiantum aleuticum*) is a perennial flower native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Adiantum aleuticum* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
Angularfruit milkvine

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Type

perennial flower or vine

**Angularfruit milkvine** (*Matelea gonocarpos*) is a perennial flower or vine native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Matelea gonocarpos* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
Atlantic poison oak

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Type

perennial small shrub, shrub, or flower

**Atlantic poison oak** (*Toxicodendron pubescens*) is a perennial small shrub, shrub, or flower native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Toxicodendron pubescens* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
Alternateleaf dogwood

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Water

medium moisture; no salinity tolerance and low drought tolerance

### Soil

medium soil, pH 4.8-7.3, medium fertilizer

**Alternateleaf dogwood** (*Cornus alternifolia*) is a tree or shrub native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## Identification

Its foliage is typically dark green and has conspicuous fall interest. It has white flowers which appear in mid spring. Black fruit is produced to a moderate extent from summer to fall.

It grows at moderate speed from two or more stems to a height of about 25 feet with roots at least 20 inches deep, and has a lifespan of 100 to 250 years. It will readily resprout even if cut down to the ground.

## Cultivation

The USDA believes this plant to be unavailable for purchase. It is suitable for growing in a nursery. It is propagated by the following methods: bare root, container, cuttings, seed. Seeds will be more successful if cold stratification is used. Typically, this plant will seed itself at a slow rate, and new seedlings will have a low chance of success compared to other plants of this type.

Soil preferences: medium soil, pH 4.8-7.3, medium fertilizer. Provide medium moisture. This plant has no salinity tolerance and low drought tolerance. It tolerates shade.

## Uses and Relationships

If you're seeking to provide forage to wildlife, this plant is of high value.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Cornus alternifolia* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
American spikenard

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Type

perennial small shrub or flower

**American spikenard** (*Aralia racemosa*) is a perennial small shrub or flower native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Aralia racemosa* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
Blue Ridge sedge

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Type

perennial grass or sedge

**Blue Ridge sedge** (*Carex lucorum*) is a perennial grass or sedge native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Carex lucorum* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
Barratt's sedge

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Type

perennial grass or sedge

**Barratt's sedge** (*Carex barrattii*) is a perennial grass or sedge native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Carex barrattii* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
Bigleaf magnolia

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Type

tree

**Bigleaf magnolia** (*Magnolia macrophylla*) is a tree native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Magnolia macrophylla* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
Awnpetal meadowbeauty

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Type

perennial flower

**Awnpetal meadowbeauty** (*Rhexia aristosa*) is a perennial flower native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Rhexia aristosa* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
American speedwell

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Water

high moisture; no salinity tolerance and low drought tolerance

### Soil

medium/fine soil, pH 5.7-7.5, medium fertilizer

**American speedwell** (*Veronica americana*) is a perennial flower native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## Identification

Its foliage is typically green. It has blue flowers which appear in mid summer.

It grows rapidly from rhizomes to a height of about 0.8 feet with roots at least 6 inches deep, and has a lifespan under a hundred years.

## Cultivation

The USDA believes this plant to be readily available for purchase. It is suitable for growing in a nursery. It is propagated by the following methods: bare root, cuttings, seed, sprigs. Typically, this plant will seed itself at a slow rate, and new seedlings will have a low chance of success compared to other plants of this type.

Soil preferences: medium/fine soil, pH 5.7-7.5, medium fertilizer. Provide high moisture. This plant has no salinity tolerance and low drought tolerance. It tolerates shade.

## Uses and Relationships

If you're seeking to provide forage to wildlife, this plant is of medium value.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Veronica americana* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
Autumn bluegrass

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Water

medium moisture; no salinity tolerance and low drought tolerance

### Soil

coarse/medium soil, pH 5.8-6.9, medium fertilizer

**Autumn bluegrass** (*Poa autumnalis*) is a perennial grass or sedge native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## Identification

Its foliage is typically green.

It grows at moderate speed as a bunch to a height of about 1.5 feet with roots at least 10 inches deep, and has a lifespan of 100 to 250 years.

## Cultivation

The USDA believes this plant to be unavailable for purchase. It is propagated by the following methods: seed, sprigs. Typically, this plant will seed itself at a slow rate, and new seedlings will have a medium chance of success compared to other plants of this type.

Soil preferences: coarse/medium soil, pH 5.8-6.9, medium fertilizer. Provide medium moisture. This plant has no salinity tolerance and low drought tolerance. It tolerates partial shade.

## Uses and Relationships

If you're seeking to provide forage to wildlife, this plant is of low value.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Poa autumnalis* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
Beach false foxglove

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Type

annual flower

**Beach false foxglove** (*Agalinis fasciculata*) is an annual flower native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland. This plant (or a varietal) is on Maryland's endangered list.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Agalinis fasciculata* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
American sycamore

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Water

high moisture; no salinity tolerance and low drought tolerance

### Soil

coarse/medium soil, pH 4.9-6.5, medium fertilizer

**American sycamore** (*Platanus occidentalis*) is a tree native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## Identification

Its foliage is typically green and has conspicuous fall interest. Brown fruit is produced to a moderate extent from summer to fall.

It grows rapidly from a single stem to a height of about 100 feet with roots at least 30 inches deep, and has a lifespan over 250 years. It will readily resprout even if cut down to the ground.

## Cultivation

The USDA believes this plant to be readily available for purchase. It is suitable for growing in a nursery. It is propagated by the following methods: bare root, container, cuttings, seed. Typically, this plant will seed itself at a moderate rate, and new seedlings will have a medium chance of success compared to other plants of this type.

Soil preferences: coarse/medium soil, pH 4.9-6.5, medium fertilizer. Provide high moisture. This plant has no salinity tolerance and low drought tolerance. It tolerates partial shade.

## Uses and Relationships

If you're seeking to provide forage to wildlife, this plant is of low value.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Platanus occidentalis* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
American searocket

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Type

annual, biennial, or perennial flower

**American searocket** (*Cakile edentula*) is an annual, biennial, or perennial flower native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Cakile edentula* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
American basswood

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Water

high moisture; no salinity tolerance and low drought tolerance

### Soil

medium soil, pH 5-6.6, high fertilizer

**American basswood** (*Tilia americana var. heterophylla*) is a tree native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## Identification

Its foliage is typically green.

It grows at moderate speed from a single stem to a height of about 90 feet with roots at least 40 inches deep, and has a lifespan of 100 to 250 years. It will readily resprout even if cut down to the ground.

## Cultivation

The USDA believes this plant to be unavailable from commercial growers. It is propagated by the following methods: bare root, container, seed. Seeds will be more successful if cold stratification is used. Typically, this plant will seed itself at a slow rate, and new seedlings will have a medium chance of success compared to other plants of this type.

Soil preferences: medium soil, pH 5-6.6, high fertilizer. Provide high moisture. This plant has no salinity tolerance and low drought tolerance. It tolerates shade.

## Uses and Relationships

If you're seeking to provide forage to wildlife, this plant is of low value.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Tilia americana var. heterophylla* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
Atlantic mannagrass

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Water

high moisture; no salinity tolerance and low drought tolerance

### Soil

medium/fine soil, pH 4-7, medium fertilizer

**Atlantic mannagrass** (*Glyceria obtusa*) is a perennial grass or sedge native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## Identification

Its foliage is typically green.

It grows rapidly from rhizomes to a height of about 3.3 feet with roots at least 4 inches deep, and has a lifespan under a hundred years.

## Cultivation

The USDA believes this plant to be readily available for purchase. It is propagated by the following methods: sprigs. Typically, this plant will seed itself at a moderate rate, and new seedlings will have a medium chance of success compared to other plants of this type.

Soil preferences: medium/fine soil, pH 4-7, medium fertilizer. Provide high moisture. This plant has no salinity tolerance and low drought tolerance. It tolerates shade.

## Uses and Relationships

If you're seeking to provide forage to wildlife, this plant is of medium value.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Glyceria obtusa* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
American senna

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Type

perennial flower

**American senna** (*Senna hebecarpa*) is a perennial flower native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Senna hebecarpa* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
Bighead rush

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Water

high moisture; medium salinity tolerance and no drought tolerance

### Soil

coarse/medium/fine soil, pH 4.5-6.8, low fertilizer

**Bighead rush** (*Juncus megacephalus*) is a perennial grass or sedge native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland. This plant (or a varietal) is on Maryland's threatened list.

## Identification

Its foliage is typically green.

It grows at moderate speed from rhizomes to a height of about 3.1 feet with roots at least 10 inches deep, and has a lifespan over 250 years.

## Cultivation

The USDA believes this plant to be unavailable for purchase. It is propagated by the following methods: bare root, seed, sprigs. Typically, this plant will seed itself at a moderate rate, and new seedlings will have a medium chance of success compared to other plants of this type.

Soil preferences: coarse/medium/fine soil, pH 4.5-6.8, low fertilizer. Provide high moisture. This plant has medium salinity tolerance and no drought tolerance. It tolerates shade.

## Uses and Relationships

If you're seeking to provide forage to wildlife, this plant is of low value.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Juncus megacephalus* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
Appalachian stitchwort

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Type

perennial flower

**Appalachian stitchwort** (*Minuartia glabra*) is a perennial flower native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland. This plant (or a varietal) is on Maryland's endangered list.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Minuartia glabra* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
American mountain ash

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Water

medium moisture; no salinity tolerance and low drought tolerance

### Soil

coarse/medium/fine soil, pH 5.3-6.8, medium fertilizer

**American mountain ash** (*Sorbus americana*) is a tree or shrub native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## Identification

Its foliage is typically green and has conspicuous fall interest. It has white flowers which appear in early summer. Orange fruit is produced in great abundance from summer to fall.

It grows at moderate speed from a single stem to a height of about 40 feet with roots at least 28 inches deep, and has a lifespan of 100 to 250 years. It will readily resprout even if cut down to the ground.

## Cultivation

The USDA believes this plant to be readily available for purchase. It is suitable for growing in a nursery. It is propagated by the following methods: bare root, container, seed. Seeds will be more successful if cold stratification is used. Typically, this plant will seed itself at a slow rate, and new seedlings will have a medium chance of success compared to other plants of this type.

Soil preferences: coarse/medium/fine soil, pH 5.3-6.8, medium fertilizer. Provide medium moisture. This plant has no salinity tolerance and low drought tolerance. It tolerates partial shade.

## Uses and Relationships

If you're seeking to provide forage to wildlife, this plant is of high value.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Sorbus americana* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
Appalachian quillwort

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Type

perennial grass or sedge

**Appalachian quillwort** (*Isoetes engelmannii*) is a perennial grass or sedge native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Isoetes engelmannii* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
Barbedbristle bulrush

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Type

perennial grass or sedge

**Barbedbristle bulrush** (*Scirpus ancistrochaetus*) is a perennial grass or sedge native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland. This plant (or a varietal) is on the federal endangered list and Maryland's endangered list.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Scirpus ancistrochaetus* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
Basil mountainmint

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Type

perennial flower

**Basil mountainmint** (*Pycnanthemum clinopodioides*) is a perennial flower native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Pycnanthemum clinopodioides* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
Bog fern

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Type

perennial flower

**Bog fern** (*Thelypteris simulata*) is a perennial flower native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland. This plant (or a varietal) is on Maryland's threatened list.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Thelypteris simulata* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
American dragonhead

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Type

annual, perennial, or biennial flower

**American dragonhead** (*Dracocephalum parviflorum*) is an annual, perennial, or biennial flower native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Dracocephalum parviflorum* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
Black bugbane

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Type

perennial flower

**Black bugbane** (*Actaea racemosa var. racemosa*) is a perennial flower native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Actaea racemosa var. racemosa* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
American wisteria

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Water

medium moisture; no salinity tolerance and low drought tolerance

### Soil

coarse/medium/fine soil, pH 4-7, medium fertilizer

**American wisteria** (*Wisteria frutescens*) is a vine native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## Identification

Its foliage is typically green. It has purple flowers which appear in spring.

It grows rapidly from two or more stems to a height of about 50 feet with roots at least 12 inches deep, and has a lifespan over 250 years. It will readily resprout even if cut down to the ground.

## Cultivation

The USDA believes this plant to be readily available for purchase. It is suitable for growing in a nursery. It is propagated by the following methods: bare root, container, seed. Typically, this plant will seed itself at a slow rate, and new seedlings will have a high chance of success compared to other plants of this type.

Soil preferences: coarse/medium/fine soil, pH 4-7, medium fertilizer. Provide medium moisture. This plant has no salinity tolerance and low drought tolerance. It tolerates shade.

## Uses and Relationships

It is moderately good at fixing nitrogen, potentially benefiting other plants. If you're seeking to provide forage to wildlife, this plant is of high value.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Wisteria frutescens* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
Bog goldenrod

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Type

perennial flower

**Bog goldenrod** (*Solidago uliginosa*) is a perennial flower native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Solidago uliginosa* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)
Balsam fir

*The seed of this article was planted by GardenerBot from a USDA list of native North American plants found in Maryland. You can help cultivate the Maryland Green Gardener Wiki by expanding it.*

## North American Native

### Water

medium moisture; no salinity tolerance and low drought tolerance

### Soil

coarse/medium/fine soil, pH 4-6, medium fertilizer

**Balsam fir** (*Abies balsamea*) is an evergreen tree native to the lower 48 states of the United States and found in the state of Maryland; it may or may not be *native* to Maryland.

## Identification

Its foliage is typically green. Foliage is retained in winter.

It grows slowly from a single stem to a height of about 60 feet with roots at least 20 inches deep, and has a lifespan under a hundred years.

## Cultivation

The USDA believes this plant to be readily available for purchase. It is suitable for growing in a nursery. It is propagated by the following methods: bare root, container, seed. Seeds will be more successful if cold stratification is used. Typically, this plant will seed itself at a slow rate, and new seedlings will have a low chance of success compared to other plants of this type.

Soil preferences: coarse/medium/fine soil, pH 4-6, medium fertilizer. Provide medium moisture. This plant has no salinity tolerance and low drought tolerance. It tolerates shade.

## Uses and Relationships

If you're seeking to provide forage to wildlife, this plant is of medium value.

## More Information

The initial draft of this article was automatically generated from the *Abies balsamea* profile in the USDA Plants Database. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP) may or may not have a page for this genus with detailed range maps. (BONAP range maps are copyrighted and should not be placed directly on our wiki.)