Government of Persia

Type
 Based in
 Founded

The **Government of Persia** (Persian: **دولت جمهوری فارس**), simply known as the **Persian government** or as ***Neẓām*** (Persian: **نظام**, lit. 'the system') among its supporters, is the central executive authority of the Republic of Persia. The government is led by the prime minister, who is directly appointed by the president with the support and confidence of the National People's Congress. The speaker and their most senior ministers belong to the supreme decision-making committee, known as the Cabinet, which is chaired by the president.

Ministers of government are directly responsible to the legislative branch; they make statements to the National People's Congress, take questions from representatives, and can be impeached by the chamber. The government is largely dependent on the National People's Congress to make new primary legislation, and general elections are held at least every five years to elect a new assembly, with both the president and congress itself possessing the power to dissolve the legislative branch of government. The president is able to issue binding executive decrees within powers granted to them by the constitution and the National People's Congress, though these are able to be challenged in court; presidential decrees cannot be used to raise taxes or allocate additional government funding. Following elections to the legislature, the president will appoint an individual they deem to have the confidence of the legislative branch to become prime minister; as the electoral system is proportional, gaining the confidence of the legislature usually requires the formation of coalition agreements between parties to achieve a majority.

The first incarnation of the government of Persia was formed in June 1885 following the proclamation of independence from Qajar Persia and operated on a fully presidential system, with only a judicial system and a network of tribal leaders to scrutinise the government. Between 1909 and 2018, the Republic of Persia was under occupation by the Holy Empire of Bovido Has and operated under a theocratic dictatorship, though between 2009 and 2018 this was loosened to become a devolved secular administration with a supporting advisory council, though still subservient to theocratic principles. In April 2018, the country gained independence under a new constitution, which created a semi-presidential system with an accompanying legislative branch, the National People's Congress. In November 2025, a new constitution transferred many additional powers to the presidency and reformed the electoral system.

## History

During the 18th century, the Arabian peninsula was conquered by Qajar Persia and incorporated into the Persian empire as a province; however, by the late 19th century, the region had become a haven for republican intellectuals opposed to the continued Persian monarchy, and in 1885, the peninsula broke away as the provisional Republic of Persia with the intention of conquering Qajar Persia and forcefully imposing republican rule. However, a series of military failures in the 1880s caused a stalemate between the two states and resulted in the permanent separation of the Arabian peninsula under the name of Persia. Whilst a republican government, the first Persian republic was an elective autocracy and operated a fully presidential system with only a judicial system and a network of tribal leaders to scrutinise the government. This in turn prompted a culture of corruption within government, and the republic collapsed in 1909 amid an invasion from the theocratic Christian empire of Bovido Has.

Under Bovido Hassian occupation, the government of Persia was dissolved and the Holy Clergy of Bovido Has took over direct control over the region as a theocratic dictatorship, whereby the word of the regional bishop was the supreme law of the region; very few other Bovido provinces experienced the same total lack of separation between church and state, to the extent that the civil bureaucracy of the Bovido government had no presence in the province and the Bovido emperor only held nominal influence in the region. During the Purba Revolution, the attempt by dynastical forces to take over the empire led to a fusion of the clergy and the state, and from 1983 onwards the province became increasingly administered by the clergy's chosen local representatives. In 2009, Emanuel Parra was appointed as the first non-clergy leader of the province and was granted considerable autonomous powers as Emperor-Archbishop Michael Ezra sought to refocus the Bovido empire; to this extent, in 2018, the province was granted full independence as a sovereign state under the condition of protecting Bovido interests in the region.

The 2018 constitution of the newly established Republic of Persia created a semi-presidential system, with executive authority split between the offices of president and prime minister, whilst a new legislative branch was established to scrutinise all other offices of state. The new government established several major ministries to enact government policy and sought to untangle the remaining Bovido-era institutions from the new state; as part of this, all Christian churches were taken over by the government and a new clerical system was established to replace the extremist Bovido teachings. Similarly, the new government inherited the remaining Persian defence forces. However, whilst the constitution provided a strong basis for a stable government, the government's lack of military control over the region led to the installation of a terroristic government and the abolition of the constitution in 2020. In March - September 2021, the neighbouring Fox Dynasty invaded Persia and re-installed the deposed regime as the new government with the 2018 constitution being reimplemented on an acting basis during the occupation. In November 2021, a new constitution was introduced based off the 2018 version, with the notable exception of the office of prime minister and the parliamentary scrutiny of the previous version. Amid a second invasion by the Fox Dynasty in November 2024, the legislature impeached President Almac Docu and reimplemented the unmodified 2018 constitution. In November 2025, a new constitution was introduced by President Geena Kulmuni which expanded the scope of presidential and government powers, and changed the electoral system for the presidency to further separate the office from the legislature; however, key institutions like the role of prime minister were retained and given more power.

## Components

### Executive Offices

Within the government of Persia, both the president and the prime minister have their own administrative office comprised of their staff and advisors. Whilst the bodies are purely advisory and have limited power in their own right, they are powerful thanks to the constitutional roles of their leaders - for instance, whilst the office of the president has no power by itself, the president has executive power and is able to issue decrees. As such, the personal offices of senior officers of state have taken on a *de-facto* position of power within government as coordination groups and advisory bodies.

### Ministerial Departments

Within government, there are numerous ministerial departments of state which oversee government policy in different areas. Each ministry has a designated secretary of state to run the department, who is appointed by the president at the prime ministers advice. Government departments are not enshrined in the constitution and as such can be created or dissolved with relative ease; under the 2025 constitution of Persia, the president has the power to create and dissolve departments at will. A forum of departmental leaders within government exists in the form of the Cabinet, which meets twice a week under the leadership of the president or the prime minister.

## See Also

* First Persian Republic
* Second Persian Republic
* Emirate of Persia
* Third Persian Republic