recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Macaca

*Macaca* is a genus of Cercopithecidae. Their tail lengths differ by species, and some of them may be called apes, though that's considered amongst scientists and zoologically-inclined common people as they gatekeep the word. Their commonname suffix is "macaque". Members of *Macaca* tend to have snouts shorter than baboons but longer than other monkeys. They are very intelligent and have complicated group dynamics and social order, with in most if not all species involving traveling males whose rank can go up or down and matrilineally inherited social spots for females. Some species can live amongst humans and steal from them. All living species belong to Asia and its island within exception for *M. sylvanus*.

The name Macaca derives from Portuguese. It is the female-version of Macaco, meaning "monkey". No one is sure where it comes from, it could be from a Congo, Madagascar, or Carib language. But it could also be from north and central French dialects, from Spanish's muchacho, or from Macau, China.

Personally I have an issue trying to figure out which species and subspecies belong to which group, as to my eyes each individual looks very unique and they have overlapping qualities. Some individuals are clearly belonging to a certain species but others look as they belong to the next. There are a couple species that are clearly identifiable, but most of them have overlapping features.

Species:

* *Macaca arctoides*
* *Macaca assanensis*
* *Macaca brunnescens*
* *Macaca cyclopis*
* *Macaca fascicularis*
* *Macaca fuscata*
* *Macaca hecki*
* *Macaca leonina*
* *Macaca leucogenys*
* *Macaca maura*
* *Macaca mulatta*
* *Macaca munzala*
* *Macaca nemestrina*
* *Macaca nigra*
* *Macaca nigrescens*
* *Macaca ochreata*
* *Macaca pagensis*
* *Macaca radiata*
* *Macaca rilewa*
* *Macaca siberu*
* *Macaca silenus*
* *Macaca sylvanus*
* *Macaca tonkeana*
* *Macaca thibetana*

## References

1. ↑ https://www.britannica.com/animal/macaque
2. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Macaca&oldid=59368753
3. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=macaco&oldid=76572508
Canis lupus pallipes

The Indian Wolf. Its taxonomic recognition was detailed and founded by Reginald Pocock. They are noted as being smaller than the Wooly Wolf, with shorter fur, and its color phases.  This would probably have been the wolf species featured in the Jungle Book, though they may have been based off of European wolves as well. According to Wikipedia its range extends from the southern black sea to India.

## In other languages

These are specific to "wolf" rather than being an exact translation to the specific name of the subspecies. The idea is that the word wolf, though it could have been borrowed from other areas, was nonetheless applied to the local wolves. These local wolves would in modern times be considered to belong to this subspecies. (Presuming that the subspecies lived in all of these areas at the time).

**Extinct:**

* Akkadian: 𒁇𒁀𒊒 (barbaru)
* Sumerian: 𒌨𒁇𒊏 (urbarra)

**Still Alive**

* Bengali: নেকড়ে (nekoṛe)
* Gondi: तोडेल्ली (tōḍēl‍lī)
* Gujarati: ભેડીયો (bheḍīyo)
* Hindi: भेड़िया (bheṛiyā)
* Kannada: ತೋಳ (tōḷa)
* Kashmiri: رامہٕ ہوٗن‎ (rāmhụ hūn)
* Malayalam: ചെന്നായ് (cennāyŭ)
* Marathi: लांडगा (lāṇḍgā)
* Punjabi: ਬਘਿਆੜ (baghiāṛa) or بَگِھیاڑ‎ m (baghiyāṛ)
* Tamil: ஓநாய் (ōnāy)
* Telugu: తోడేలు (tōḍēlu)
* Sanskrit: वृक (vṛ́ka)
* Urdu: بھیڑیا (bheṛiyā)

## References

1. ↑ https://archive.org/details/PocockMammalia2/page/n105/mode/2up
2. ↑ https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Indian\_wolf\_%28Canis\_lupus\_pallipes%29\_distribution.png
3. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subspecies\_of\_Canis\_lupus#/media/File:Original\_distribution\_of\_gray\_wolf\_(canis\_lupus)\_subspecies-en.png
4. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=barbarum&oldid=73895585
5. ↑ http://psd.museum.upenn.edu/cgi-bin/epsd?q=%5Eur-bar-ra$&x=epsd
6. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%F0%92%8C%A8%F0%92%81%87%F0%92%8A%8F&oldid=71948690
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=wolf&oldid=75402865
8. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE&oldid=71361214
9. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%95&oldid=72006453
10. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%DA%BE%DB%8C%DA%91%DB%8C%D8%A7&oldid=63797929
Felidae (movie)

Felidae is an animated film from 1994 that was originally dubbed in German. The movie is slightly infamous for its violence and cat sex scenes, especially amongst the adult animated-movie fan community. It's name is derived from Felidae, the scientific family cats belong in. The film is an adaptation to a 1989 book of the same name by Akif Pirinçci. It's funny how I initially wrote something about cats being domesticated in Turkey, and then eventually got led to this. I didn't remember this.
Ailuropoda melanoleuca

The panda or panda bear is a famous animal known for it being a symbol of China and a representative for endangered species. It is currently found only in some mountainous bamboo forests of China due to habitat loss and the hunting for their pelts. They used to be found as far as what is now Myanmar and Vietnam.

Despite it currently being a symbol of China, there is not much known-history available in English of how Chinese people interacted with these animals. Pandas have nearly no medical uses in modern CTM. If there are some uses those are reserved to indigenous people that knew it well or history. As an example, its said that its urine dissolved a disorder where it felt like needles were stuck in the throat. There isn't much of a demand for their products in the greater China area. Religiously or superstitiously, panda fur was thought to have kept ghosts away and allowed more future premonition; while

There is a note that to some they may have been too precious to kill, even in ancient times. It is found with some royalty, such as in a zoo or in a crypt. However, it is almost never found in ancient art, from what I have seen. There are various mentions of mythological monsters possibly having been the panda, but only debatably. And I don't know if that debate was in English or Chinese due to having written it a long time ago, but I suspect it was in English. I don't know if Chinese people have the same sort of doubts. That's why I need to add references to every edit.

There are two subspecies, each being a different color: white with black markings and light grayish brown with darker brown markings. The former, the more famous type, is A. m. melanoleuca; the Giant Panda. The latter, the Qinling Panda, is dubbed A. m. qinlingensis. They have two thumbs for grasping bamboo, which they almost exclusively eat. They cannot taste savory flavors. Noticeably, they are considered as belonging to Ursidae in English documents, having been verified as being closer to bears than raccoons, to the relief of some people. However they are officially listed by the Chinese government's conservation program as belonging to Ailuropodidae. What this means is that in China, they are considered to not be bears, or at least not "true" bears in the sense that a modern English-speaker might understand it. They belong into their own family, not just genus.

## References

1. ↑ https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%90%8D%E5%BD%95/665608
Городские проекты

Городские проекты - это улучшения города, которые строятся в городском центре за счет производства

## Долгосрочные проекты

Проекты, дающие постоянный бонус накоплению ресурсов в городе. Уровень проекта соответствует культурному уровню города.

+20  (единоразово)

Стоимость: 20
Затраты: 40
+30  (единоразово)

Стоимость: 40
Затраты: 60
+40  (единоразово)

Стоимость: 60
Затраты: 80
+50  (единоразово)

Стоимость: 80
 Форум (Forum)
+20  (единоразово)

Стоимость: 20
Затраты: 40
+30  (единоразово)

Стоимость: 40
Затраты: 60
+40  (единоразово)

Стоимость: 60
Затраты: 80
+50  (единоразово)

Стоимость: 80
 Архивы (Archive)
+20  (единоразово)

Стоимость: 20
Затраты: 40
+30  (единоразово)

Стоимость: 40
Затраты: 60
+40  (единоразово)

Стоимость: 60
Затраты: 80
+50  (единоразово)

Стоимость: 80
Затраты: 100

## Национальные проекты

ГРЕЦИЯ
+1  (постоянно, за каждый)

Затраты: 40  | +40  (единоразово)
+1  (постоянно, за каждый)

Затраты: 60  | +60  (единоразово)
+1  (постоянно, за каждый)

Затраты: 80  | +80  (единоразово)
+1  (постоянно, за каждый)

## Событийные проекты

 Зерно для бедных (Grain Dole)
 Наслаждение роскошью (Luxurious Delight)
 Мистофория (Misthophoria)
 Пропаганда (Propaganda)
 Культ меча (Sword Cult)
 Десятина от культа меча (Sword Cult Tithe)
Digimon

Digimon is a franchise based on video games. They have had several cartoon (anime) television shows. They are based on Tomogatchi, in which a human takes care of an animal. In the television shows you usually have one person partnered with one digimon they are fated to be with, while in the video games the player can sometimes own tons of Digimon. When people talk about Digimon they have this thing where they say "everyone compares it to Pokémon even though both are very different". They were rivals in the 90s for their first seasons of their shows. However, they are both about owning metamorphosizing fighting monsters that their owners/partners emotionally bond to.
Macaca mulatta

The rhesus macaque is a species that lives all the way from the eastern Middle East to eastern Asia. They are very comfortable around human cities and, when not living in a forest, live there. They commonly steal things from people, such as when they sit down and put their drink next to them. Due to their influence on people and how they live in cities, they have taken a part in mythology, with Sun Wukong being partially based off of them, as well as other macaque species.

## Name

The name rhesus is said to be made up by the namer of the species, Jean-Baptiste Audebert. They have a number of archaic English names, such as "bruh" from Malay and various spellings of Hindi's "bandar". The genus name Macaca is more thoroughly described in its wiki article. I'm not sure about the intentions of mulatto, but it is feminine (going along with Macaca's trend) and describes a mix breed. In English the term describes a person of mixed black and white ancestry, especially those that are hispanic. I wonder if this is in part because rhesus macaques can be white or blondish-brown? Or perhaps because they hybridize with other species like *Macaca fascicularis*? Or commentary on the human-animal boundary of nature that macaques showcase?

## Subspecies

Because nomenclature scientists suck at their jobs, they are said to be loosely based into two subgroups: South/West Asian subspecies and East Asian subspecies. But Wikipedia isn't actually separating them and relegating only the "Chinese" subspecies. Here they are.

* *M.m.brevicaudus*
* *M.m.mulatta*
* *M.m.lasiota*
* *M.m.littoralis*
* *M.m.siamica*
* *M.m.tcheliensis*
* *M.m.vestita*

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rhesus\_macaque&oldid=1184593373
2. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bandar#English
3. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mulatto&oldid=1183673970
Flutter: Butterfly Sanctuary

Spoilers*This article is about a specific form of media, such as a movie or a video game. Therefore it may contain heavy spoilers so as to best discuss it. You have been warned!*
Flutter: Butterfly Sanctuary is a mobile game where they player collects caterpillar eggs and raises them into adult butterflies in order to catalogue them into a book. It is less popular than its moth spin-off, Flutter: Starlight. This is probably due to the creepiness/uncanny valley-ness of the character designs, though I think the cooler, lunar themes have some play into that as well. For the sake of personal creativity it's fine that they never updated the looks, but from a business perspective it would be better for them to fix them. Please, the faces of the mission bird and garden bee are just so creepy. The doe-eyes on the butterflies look a little dumb, but that might just be personal preference.

Due to being based on the sun and being an earlier game, certain features like lunar and zodiac sets do not apply. They don't have them. There are no solar counterparts. Like Flutter: Starlight, the caterpillar and pupa designs are not accurate and are based off of the adult's color schemes.

* *Aphrissa statira*
* *Heliconius sara*
* *Callicore cynosura*
* *Timelaea maculata*
* *Delias eucharis*
* *Mylothris agathina*
* *Dryadula phaetusa*
* *Trogonoptera brookiana*
* *Atrophaneura aristolochiae*
* *Mylothris agathina*
* *Protogoniomorpha cytora*
* *Sevenia pechueli*
* *Lepitdea sinapis*
* *Cepheuptychia cephus*
* *Plebus melissa samuelis*
* *Evenus regalis*
* *Pailo lorquinianus*
* *Leptidea sinapis*
* *Aglais io*
* *Cepheuptychia cephus*
* *Heliconius charithonia*
* *Rhetus periander*
* *Morpho peleides*
* *Theclinesthes onycha*
* *Taenaris catops*
* *Papilio thoas*
* *Eurytides marcellus*
* *Mesosemia loruhama*
* *Cymothoe mabillei*
* *Euphaedra janetta*
* *Pseudolycaena marsyas*
* *Spialia sertorius*
* *Oxynetra semihyalina*
* *Apatura ilia*
* *Plebus melissa samuelis*
* *Evenus regalis*
* Others

**Others:**

* *Corythornis madagascariensis*
* *Dendrobates pumilio*
* *Elimaea punctifera*
* *Neuroctenus transitus*
* *Orthalicus reses*
* Others
Mustela strigidorsa

The striped-back weasel, or back striped weasel, is a weasel that is not widespread in Asia according to Wikipedia's own range map. However, iNaturalist says it is. I wonder if they saw my article? The IUCN listed it as Least Concern in 2015. It lives in parts of Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Burma, China, Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Nepal.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Back-striped\_weasel&oldid=1055990762
2. ↑ https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/41814-Mustela-strigidorsa
3. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/14027/45201218
Monsters

Monster is a generic term for a mythological creature. These are often based off of animals or parts of their bodies resemble animal features, however not all monsters have these traits. Most often "monster" is used for a solid-based being, as opposed to a spirit. But it's not unknown, and the phrase "monstrous spirit" is perfectly understandable. A "dog monster" would indicate a monster that's based off of a dog, and a "plane monster" would indicate a monster based off of an airplane, though most monsters aren't considered to be technological, though they may be monstrous. "Human monster" is understood, but isn't actually correct linguistic wise. Sometimes monsters that are based off of something don't need their animal prefix attached during their discussion. Hence, they're understood to be not real or fantasical variants of the creature's they are based upon. This is one of the reasons why I separate the proper English noun for an animal from it's scientific name- a dog monster is still somewhat read as a dog, even if not a real one. Thus an unreal monster is a dog, as is it's real world counterpart.

Monsters are often aggressive towards humans, sometimes without a specific cause for destruction. In stories the monster trope may be subverted to display a non-human creature that, aggressive or not, is not actually that bad of a living being, or at least isn't soul-less. Undertale is one example of this subversion. Monsters are celebrated during Halloween, which is why I'm writing this article.
Birds of Prey

Birds of Prey refers to a group of birds that are hypercarnivorous. They are also called raptors, but due to some dinosaurs being named after them, I have opted to call them by their other common term instead. These animals are all soarers with curved, usually short beaks, and fierce talons. The groups included in Birds of Prey include hawk-like birds, vultures, owls, and sometimes secretary birds and seriemas.
Microceratus

these adorable little ceratopsians a extremely friendly

behavior:

these tiny ceratopsians are friendly to humans and other herbivores and will flee from carnivores

range:

sorna

Nublar

Pena

site E

history:

1993: 28 Microceratus lived on Nublar

1997: 39 microceratus lived on sorna and soon the population exploded across all of sorna

2015: 47 Microceratus lived in Jurassic World in camp Cretaceous

2018: 56 Microceratus were saved off Nublar and all were captured for Jurassic World San Diego

2020: Microceratus had a hologram of it in Jurassic world san Diego

2034: with now over 180 microceratus in the park guests could pet them, feed them and even play with them in tiny herbivores petting zoo and on a capture mission to Pena microceratus were seen living in boxes and crates left over on the island.

trivia:

-Microceratus is misspelled "mircoceratus" by the parks announcer
Canis lupus columbianus

British Columbian wolves live on the western side of British Columbia. They eat fish and small deer, amongst other things. They are said to be cinnamon, and can also be black.

## Religion and Impact

**Nuxalk:** Empty

**GItxsan:** Empty

**Tsimshian:** Empty

**Colonial:** Empty

## References

1. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=csg9AAAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=British+Columbia
2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuxalk
3. ↑ https://www.google.com/maps/place/Ootsa+Lake,+BC,+Canada/@53.7982596,-129.3855274,7z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x54765eb1cdf10abb:0x93b5e9502c1b1a41!8m2!3d53.806821!4d-126.042532
4. ↑ https://ayomovement.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/11-sn\_ws\_can-givennames.jpg
Cervus elaphus

The Red Deer is an important deer in European folklore. More often than not, when texts refer to deer, they mean this one, not roe other European deer species. In older times the male was often called a stag and the female a hind.

In ancient Athenian calendar one of the months was called Elaphebolion (Ἐλαφηβολιών). This was the 9th month of the calendar and occurred during our March/April period. Each month started with the new moon, so this would have been the lunar month that occurs around or between these months in our calendar. In the towns of Phocis and in Athens, a festival called the Έλαφηβόλια was celebrated. This festival celebrated Artemis as a deer hunter. Treats made to look like stags were made and sold to celebrate this holiday. It may have been celebrated on the 6th day of Elaphebolion, but historians/sources are unsure. In Hyampolis it was also celebrated to celebrate their victory over Thessaly.

## References

1. ↑ http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=e)lafhboliw/n&highlight=elaphebolia
2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Attic\_calendar&oldid=1122481481
3. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elaphebolia&oldid=1140184335
4. ↑ https://www.hellenion.org/festivals/elaphebolia/
5. ↑ http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0028:book=8:chapter=28&highlight=elaphebolia
Mustelidae

The family of Mustelidae is a scientific classification for some animals to denote relation to each other through evolution. These animals include, but are not excluded to, weasels, otters, and badgers. The females of many species in mustelidae have seasonal delayed implantation. This means that the embryo stops developing early on in the pregnancy, then resumes growth months later. This means that females can be pregnant while nursing a previous litter. Here is a list of subfamilies of Mustelidae:

* Lutrinae
* Taxiinae
* Mellivorinae
* Melinae
* Helictidinae
* Guloninae
* Mustelinae
* Ictonychinae

## Religion & Impact

Mustelids in general are often noted for either intelligence or fierceness. Otters are playful and a bit intelligent, weasels and ferrets are cunning and cowardly or fierce (depending on the culture), and badgers are grumpy and terrifying. Overall they're a bit of a quirky bunch.

In New Ageism and Daemonism many members of mustelidae are noted for their bravery, aggression, and sometimes intelligence; as exhibited by many (but likely not all) members of their family. In the book series His Dark Materials by Philip Pullman (which Daemonism is based on) the character Pantalaimon is a daemon, a spirit animal shapeshifter. As a daemon he chooses forms that match the personality and circumstances of him and his human. He transforms into a few different members of mustelidae.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustelidae
Местность и улучшения

Аналогично другим глобальным 4x-стратегиям, все действие OldWorld происходит на гексогональной карте, каждый гекс которой представляет собой определенный тип и может содержать ресурсы и улучшения.

## Типы местности

В зависимости от типа местности игрок получает основные ресурсы для своего развития. Ресурсы поступают только от тех гексов, на которых построены улучшения и зависят от построенного улучшения

#### Основные

 Засушливый (Arid)
 Городской район (Urban)
 Вода (Water)

#### Дополнительные

 Лес (Trees)
 Кустарник (Scrub)

#### Ресурсы

Все ресурсы можно разделить на несколько типов, представленных в таблице. Как правило ресурсы одного типа предоставляют одинаковые бонусы при наличии соответствующего улучшения.

 Железо
 Камень
 Золото
 Приказы
 Роскошь
X = 20 : Драгоценные камни (Gems), Золото (Gold)
X = 5 : Оливки (Olives), Жемчуг (Pearls), Виноград (Wine)

## Улучшения

Все улучшения местности можно разделить на два типа: ресурсные и городские улучшения Первые можно строить только на негородских гексах и они дают ресурсы для строительства (пища, железо, дерево, камень), вторые можно строить только на городских гексах или рядом с ними (в этом случае гексы с улучшением преобразуются в городские) и они дают ресурсы для развития империи (науку, культуру, приказы).

Строительство любого улучшения требует 1 , то есть все время строительства вы будете каждый ход недополучать количество , равное количеству строительств улучшения.

Каждое ресурсное улучшение можно улучшить, назначив туда специалиста (в окне города), при этом выход ресурсов с улучшения увеличится на 50% + еще немного бонусов. В городские же улучшения можно назначать до 3 специалистов, каждый из которых будет давать все больший бонус.

```
Список всех улучшений

```
Neogale felipei

The Colombian Weasel, or Don Felipe's Weasel, is an extremely rare mustelid known to inhabit Colombia and Ecuador. Like the Amazon Weasel it has been reclassified from *Mustela* to *Neogale* in 2021. The information online is so little that I can't actually identify the creature from Long-Tailed Weasel and the Amazon Weasel.

## See also

* Weasels
* Neogale

## References

1. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350850673\_On\_the\_nomenclature\_of\_the\_American\_clade\_of\_weasels\_Carnivora\_Mustelidae
2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colombian\_weasel&oldid=1077000002
List of animal-based names of Old English origin

These are names that originated from the Anglo-Saxons, from approximately 450-1170. This was a very long time and the language changed during this time, perhaps in ways that would be hard for other generations to understand. Nevertheless, until I have more data, I will put them all indiscriminately here. As surnames and given names get mixed up to replace the other, it may be more difficult to find out which came first. So, there all here regardless of whether they were used as a given or surname as well as regardless of which of those came first.

## List

* Ċēolwulf, from ship and wolf.
* Cūþwulf, from known and wolf.
* Cynewulf from royal and wolf.
* Denewulf from Dane and wolf.
* Dēornōþ from beast and daring.
* Dēorwine from beast and friend.
* Ēadhūn, from happiness/prosperity and bear cub.
* Hēahwulf from high/tall and wolf.
* Finc, after someone who either resembled a finch in some way or to a seller of them.
* Hūnberht, from bear cub and bright.
* Hunbeorht, same as above.
* Hūnrǣd, from bear cub and counsel.
* Hūnwine, from bear cub and friend.
* Mōdwulf heart/spirit/mind and wolf.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hunberht#Old\_English
2. ↑ https://www.houseofnames.com/finch-family-crest#:~:text=The%20ancestors%20of%20the%20Finch%20family%20lived%20among,origin%2C%20denoting%20someone%20who%20caught%20and%20sold%20finches.
Circaetinae

This is a subfamily. They contain what are called "snake eagles". A majority of these species are adapted to hunting snakes, hence the name.

* *Circaetus beaudouini*
* *Circaetus cinerascens*
* *Circaetus cinereus*
* *Circaetus fasciolatus*
* *Circaetus gallicus*
* *Dryotriorchis spectabilis*
* *Eutriorchis astur*
* *Pithecophaga jefferyi*
* *Spilornis cheela*
* *Spilornis elgini*
* *Spilornis holospilus*
* *Spilornis kinabaluensis*
* *Spilornis klossi*
* *Spilornis rufipectus*
* *Terathopius* *ecaudatus*
Utahceratops

Utahceratops name means "Utah Face" in Greek and is from the state of Utah. these dinosaurs are the newly added species to the park along with Navajoceratops. there are 34 going to be cloned and released into Sauropod valley and cretaceous cruise. it was suggested to be an attraction for Jurassic world Europe but this might not happen.
Corvus monedula

This is the Eurasian Jackdaw. It looks rather like a crow.

In the first part of Aristophanes, the characters supposedly hold a crow and a jay in the English version. However in the original Greek, Euelpides states that he is holding a κολοιῷ, which is a jackdaw.

1. ↑ http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text.jsp?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0025
2. ↑ http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=koloiw%3D%7C&la=greek&can=koloiw%3D%7C0&prior=e)me\&d=Perseus:text:1999.01.0025:card=1&i=1
3. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%8C%CF%82#Ancient\_Greek
Hippocampus pontohi

The Pontoh's pygmy seahorse, also called the weedy pontoh seahorse, is accredited to Lourie & Kuiter in 2008, though I don't know the details of how they are credited for it. They are named after a guy called Hence Pontoh, who discovered it. They can be found in Indonesian waters. They are listed as Least Concern by the IUCN. However, they are threatened with the possibility of the seaweed they rely on, Halimeda spp, going extinct due to waters becoming too acidic for them to thrive in.

## References

1. ↑ https://projectseahorse.org/small-and-mighty-why-the-weedy-pygmy-is-going-strong/
2. ↑ https://reeflifesurvey.com/species/hippocampus-pontohi/
3. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/107261198/54909454
Fenrir

Fenrir is a wolf monster/god in the ancient Icelandic religion and modern Heathenism. He was portrayed by Snorri as being the son of Loki and Angrboda. He grew too big, scaring the Aesir. He had previously been fed by Tyr, but when he became too large and aggressive to feed in the Hall they decided to tie him up. They started by claiming that the chains were tests of his strength, and when he broke free of all of them, they worried that he could never be contained. They hired some dwarves to make a chain, which was made out of nearly impossible things. Fenrir, to make sure they didn't actually leash him down, held the hand of Tyr in his mouth. When this chain refused to break, he bit off his hand. Afterwards it was predicted that one day Fenrir would break free and help fight against the Aesir during Ragnarok. He would kill Odin but in turn be killed by his son.

Fenrir's children includes Skoll and Hati. Hati specifically has an unnamed giantess as his mother.

1. ↑ https://mythologysource.com/binding-of-fenrir/
2. ↑ https://norse-mythology.org/tales/the-binding-of-fenrir/
Martes melampus melampus

The Japanese Marten proper can be found throughout Japan. However, in 1949 it was released in Hokkaido and Sado to benefit hunters. Males are trapped in December and January for their fur. In Hokkaido it is currently protected, despite not being native to the island.

1. ↑ https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Martes\_melampus/#84dd9026883409a55f7f73bfe1202d71
Campylorhynchus

This is a genus of American wrens. It contains 15 living species:

* *Campylorhynchus albobrunneus*
* *Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus*
* *Campylorhynchus capistratus*
* *Campylorhynchus chiapensis*
* *Campylorhynchus fasciatus*
* *Campylorhynchus griseus*
* *Campylorhynchus gularis*
* *Campylorhynchus humilis*
* *Campylorhynchus jocosus*
* *Campylorhynchus megalopterus*
* *Campylorhynchus megalopterus*
* *Campylorhynchus rufinucha*
* *Campylorhynchus turdinus*
* *Campylorhynchus yucatanicus*
* *Campylorhynchus zonatus*

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campylorhynchus&oldid=1140498242
Felis catus

These are domesticated cats. They are descended from *Felis silvestris*, specifically *F.s.lybica*. The oldest evidence for their ancestors associating with humans is over 7,000 years ago, where sculptures and bones were found of them in the ancient cities Hacilar and Aşıklı Höyük, now in southwestern and southeastern Turkey respectively, and also in Cyprus, an island which did not naturally carry wildcats at the time. While most historians insist that the wildcats must have brought themselves to human settlements to hunt mice, it should be noted that humans during this time were catching animals left and right to tame them. There is a small amount of *Felis silvestris silvestris* DNA in at least some cats- I do not know if it was in all modern cat breeds as it was not clarified.

A few thousand or so years later in Egypt cats were bred to be much larger than modern cats. They were big enough to hunt large rats, whereas our modern day cat tends to shy away from older individuals due to being to large of prey.

Today there are many varieties of cat. There are both not-well documented or publicized feral variants, and then there are true, blue-blooded breeds. There are also hybrid variants bred with other species of cat. Here is a list of breeds. It should be noted that "American shorthair", to my knowledge, isn't an actual breed, but shorthand for the generic feral and pet housecat one can find. Essentially, a sort of landrace.

## Breeds

* Abyssinian cat
* Aegean cat
* American Bobtail (breed)
* American Curl
* American Ringtail
* American Wirehair
* Aphrodite Giant
* Arabian Mau
* Australian Mist
* Balinese
* Bambino
* Bengal cats
* Birman
* Bombay
* British Shorthair
* Burmese
* Burmilla
* California Spangled
* Toyger

## References

1. ↑ https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02397046/file/CatDomestication\_Geigl%26Grange\_HAL.pdf
2. ↑ https://www.thegreatcat.org/mans-earliest-relationship-with-cats-domestication/
Hedgehogs

Hedgehogs are an animal well-known in American culture. The live in England, too, but most Americans didn't know that. They are spiny creatures. They are not often portrayed in media. However the Sonic The Hedgehog franchise has them as their main character and other characters, and they are a pretty important video game series. They are not as important to Americans as they are the British, I think. However they are still animals that are well known. They are distinguished from the porcupine, but it's kind of like "they are like a porcupine, but different somehow. But I'm not really sure why".
Hippocampus algiricus

Common name is the West African seahorse. The species being recognized by science is attributed to Kaup in 1856, though the actual scientific name he gave and details of this are unknown to this writer. It is found in oceans between Senegal and Angola. It has been harvested for Chinese Traditional Medicine and is listed as Vulnerable in 2016. Hybrids between these and those of *Hippocampus hippocampus* have been observed at Gran Canaria Island.

## References

1. ↑ https://fishbase.se/summary/53788
2. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41007/54907846
3. ↑ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26365616/
Martes zibellina

The sable is an animal that lives in cold, coniferous forests of northern Asia. It's currently described on Wikipedia as being an omnivore, as do other internet pages that plagiarize Wikipedia. However in the past they were described as carnivores that will eat berries, pine nuts, and other vegetation during winter. However like most mustelids, they survive mostly on meat. They are diurnal, however when faced with heavy snow or frequent hunting by humans, they will change to nocturnal to survive. They live both in trees and in burrows. This creature was mentioned in Systema Naturae sixth edition (at most) by Carlus Linnæus as Muſtela zibellina.

## Name

Wiktionary says that our modern name originally comes from Old East Slavic's соболь (sobolĭ). It translates to the same thing. In time it has changed through the hands of language to sound the way it does in English now. It's scientific name zibellina comes from the Italian word for it, which also has its roots in sobolĭ. It's a very feminine sounding name to English ears.

## Impact

Sables have been coveted for their fur for thousands of years. They are currently farmed in Russia and Finland for their fur. Sable is also a name, supposedly meaning black, but I knew a golden Pomeranian in the 90s named Sable and was told that the color sable is a kind of mixed shade.

For some reason in heraldry they call black "sable".

## See also

* Martes
* Weasels
* Ferrets
* Martens

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sable&oldid=40480502
2. ↑ https://animals.net/sable/
3. ↑ Systema Naturæ (Sixth Edition) by Carolus Linneaus "pg" 5.
4. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=smwl&oldid=62278072
5. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=zibellina&oldid=51703046
6. ↑ https://academic.oup.com/mspecies/article/43/876/75/2642981?login=false
7. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sable\_(heraldry)&oldid=1065324767
Amarok

In "Tales and Traditions of the Eskimo" by Hinrich Rink documents a species of creature known as "Amarok". He calls it a "fabulous animal" to indicate that the people believe it exists, but it is mostly found in tales of Greenlandic Inuit. Hinrich states that in other Inuit languages, "amarok" just means wolf, thereby indicating that the language and cultures of the various Greenlandic Inuit peoples have changed from other Inuits. Times may have changed though, as a English-Kalaallisut dictionary indicates that "amaroq" is the word used for arctic wolves (which itself is an erroneous assumption that Greenlandic wolves are *C.l.arctos* instead of *C.l.orion*.) The description of the book hints that amaroks are more *like* wolves or a different species of wolf than being actual wolves. They are said to be mythological, but are also noted as a legitimate animal. The tail can carry a person in one tale, though wolf tail cannot carry things. So either "it's just a myth" as myths go and misuses body parts, or it's actually longer and prehensile. There is also a website or two out there that suggests Amaroq is a wolf god, but in this book its very clear that there are multiple individuals of them, with one being used to drive a sled alongside a polar bear and other fierce monsters.

In "Julie and the wolves" by Jean Craighead George, (spoilers!) the protagonist Miyax names a wolf dark black wolf leader Amaroq and sings a song about him being her adopted father.
Mustela eversmannii

Missing Culture*This article is missing information about how real-world humans have processed it. In the case of real animals: what the animal was used for in a society, what they thought about it and its general significance or lack thereof to the people, and how it has appeared in their media (including oral and written stories), religion, historical interactions, and news appearances. In the case of media: how this impacted the staff, the audience, future and previous media, and the wider culture/s as a result of its existence. You can improve this article by contributing these kinds of information to it.**Missing history on its scientific name*This article is missing some information about how its taxonomic/scientific name has changed through time. You can improve this by contributing to the article.
The Steppe Polecat, also known as the masked polecat or white polecat, is a Mustelid of Eurasia.
Chocolate Bunnies

Chocolate bunnies are a popular treat during easter season. As bunnies are brown, it makes it make a little more sense to have chocolate bunnies. Despite the fact that albino rabbits are very popular, there are less white chocolate rabbit treats than there are milk or even dark chocolate treats. Some depictions of dark colored rabbits may or definitely have a basis in the chocolate bunny phenomenon, including Buneary and Lopmon.
Chicks (chicken)

Chicken chicks are important in American culture. They are well depicted in young children's picture books. They are featured in a holiday called Easter, and they outshine the adult representation. They are stereotypically portrayed as yellow, however they may come in a variety of colors depending on their breed. In other countries they may be colored in various bright colored dyes and sold to the market. They are sold as food in this respect, typically raised by farmers to grow into colored chickens. They are considered to be very cute and peep. They are a part of the mother hen concept. While they may be slightly separated from it, they are never fully independent from hens or eggs, but more associated the latter, though eggs can be separated from them (pun intended). They are important to our notion of hatching and chickens in general. They are associated with farms and the hay that lies underneath them on farms. Incubators are sometimes shown off in schools or libraries or other child-friendly places as a unique feature for children to learn from. After hatching and living for a small amount of time (typically a couple days to a couple of weeks) the chicks are watched for awhile and then removed to a nearby farm.
Leporidae

Leporidae is a family that contains animals referred to as, depending on the type and relations, rabbits, hares, and jackrabbits. Often when someone sees one of these animals they may refer to it as a rabbit or bunny, but depending on its exact species may be corrected. Therefore rabbit can apply both to all members of Leporidae, but is sometimes considered to be a scientific misunderstanding and only applies to non-jackrabbits and non-hares.

Genuses in Leporidae include:

* *Brachylagus*
* *Bunolagus*
* *Caprolagus*
* *Lepus*
* *Nesolagus*
* *Oryctolagus*
* *Pentalagus*
* *Poelagus*
* *Pronolagus*
* *Romerolagus*
* Sylvilagus

Leporidae have been incredibly important to human history and culture. Many cultures have hunted rabbits, and the term "rabbit starvation" is derived from hunters who intentionally go after members of Leporidae for sustenance and find themselves starving (nutritionally) to death over their low-fat content. They have a place in many human mythologies.

## Media

Leporidae is an online domestic rabbit breeding game.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leporidae&oldid=1146595274
2. ↑ http://www.nhpbs.org/wild/leporidae.asp
3. ↑ https://www.classic.leporidae.org/
Lego Monkie Kid (franchise)

Spoilers*This article is about a specific form of media, such as a movie or a video game. Therefore it may contain heavy spoilers so as to best discuss it. You have been warned!*
This franchise is based off of the original toy franchise by LEGO. They produced a movie and a series following it soon after. The story of the toys and show takes place in a fantasy modern China, specifically the fictional city Megapolis. Gods, demons, and other fantastical and magickal beings exist in this world. After having accidentally stumbled upon some demons trying to free Sun Wukong's staff to free a sealed Demon Bull King, the Monkey King grants the older teenager/young adult MK his staff and magical powers (still keeping his own). MK's training begins and the story unfolds.

The series shows many sorts of animals, including regular animals and more spiritual/godly/demonic animal-people, such as Monkey King, Pigsy, Queen Spider, and Demon Bull King. A generic "cappuccino colored monkey" (macaques) populates the Flower Fruit Mountain. Sun Wukong's bird transformation seems to be considered an eagle by the fandom, but on closer inspection is seems to be based off of pheasants and their relatives. Background animals can be seen on occaison, some non-talking animals have been minor characters.
Hippocampus minotaur

Bullneck seahorses are considered to be a species, though personally I do not think they are. All of the specimens appear to be mutated younglings. Perhaps it is a disorder that causes them to die before adulthood. Nevertheless some scientists were dumb enough to think they were a species, so here it is. I'm rarely this skeptical of animal phenomena. The seahorses are found off of southeastern Australia. They closely resemble the unusual female seahorse fry found off the southwestern coast.

## References

1. ↑ https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/Home/species/1541
Aquilinae

This is a subfamily of Accipitridae. They used to be included in Buteonini, but DNA analysis has shown that these birds are seperated by millions of years. Thus, scientists have placed these birds in a new subfamily, Aquilinae. Unlike Buteonini, all of the birds here are considered to be eagles, though some of them are hawk-eagles.

## List of species

* *Aquila adalberti*
* *Aquila africana*
* *Aquila audax*
* *Aquila chrysaetos*
* *Aquila fasciata*
* *Aquila gurneyi*
* *Aquila heliaca*
* *Aquila nipalensis*
* *Aquila rapax*
* *Aquila spilogaster*
* *Aquila verreauxii*
* *Clanga clanga*
* *Clanga hastata*
* *Clanga clanga*
* *Hieraaetus ayresii*
* *Hieraaetus morphnoides*
* *Hieraaetus pennatus*
* *Hieraaetus wahlbergi*
* *Hieraaetus weiskei*
* *Ictinaetus malaiensis*
* *Lophotriorchis kienerii*
* *Nisaetus alboniger*
* *Nisaetus bartelsi*
* *Nisaetus cirrhatus*
* *Nisaetus floris*
* *Nisaetus kelaarti*
* *Nisaetus lanceolatus*
* *Nisaetus nipalensis*
* *Nisaetus nanus*
* *Nisaetus philippensis*
* *Nisaetus pinskeri*
* *Polemaetus bellicosus*
* *Spizaetus isidori*
* *Spizaetus melanoleucus*
* *Spizaetus ornatus*
* *Spizaetus tyrannus*
* *Stephanoaetus coronatus*
Hypolagus

This is an extinct genus of rabbits. They lived across North America and into the Bering Straight to Eurasia. Its earliest fossils are from the early or middle Miocene in North America. Hilariously they were found in the area of the Meditteranean Sea when it dried up, which during some stages was called the Lago Mare event. Get it? Like Lagomorpha? Wikipedia seems to be trying to say that they were neither rabbits nor hares, or both. The name comes from "hypo" in Ancient Greek, which meant "under" and "lagos" which meant "rabbit" in Latin. Likely its in reference to their evolutionary status in history, which is just below (or really, the earliest) bunch of rabbits. Though I could be wrong as that's a guess.

Species:

* *Hypolagus balearicus*
* *Hypolagus brachygnathus*
* *Hypolagus gromovi*
* *Hypolagus multiplicatus*
* *Hypolagus peregrinus*
* *Hypolagus petenyii*
* *Hypolagus schreuderae*
* *Hypolagus transbaicalicus*
* *Hypolagus vetus*

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypolagus&oldid=1124689108
2. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=hypo-&oldid=72185670
3. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Lagus
4. ↑ https://dinopedia.fandom.com/wiki/Hypolagus?oldid=269537
Films that portray lions

Spoilers*This article is about a specific form of media, such as a movie or a video game. Therefore it may contain heavy spoilers so as to best discuss it. You have been warned!*
These are films that contain lions. All are "and below". For example, if one movie has a lion as a protagonist but also another as a side character, it's listed under "as protagonists".

## As protagonists

* The Lion King
* The Lion King II
* Madagascar
* Pride
* Jungle Emperor Leo

## References

1. ↑ https://www.listchallenges.com/movies-featuring-lions
Hippocampus mohnikei

Japanese seahorse or lemur-tailed seahorse is so-called because it has a very long tail and lives in the waters of Japan. However, it has recently expanded their range south, and is now found throught the west South China Sea. It is listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN It used to be called *Hippocampus japonicus*, and before that *Hippocampus brevirostris*.

In its native language its species is called 珊瑚竜 or サンゴタツ, transliterated as sango tatsu and translated as coral dragon .　It might be referenced by the Yu-Gi-Oh card Coral Dragon.

## References

1. ↑ https://projectseahorse.org/resource/new-records-of-the-japanese-seahorse/
2. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DeCMtvMSYcc
3. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41005/54907304
4. ↑ https://rmda.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/item/rb00000002/explanation/01
5. ↑ https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%BF%E3%83%84%E3%83%8E%E3%82%AA%E3%83%88%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B4&oldid=86052907
6. ↑ https://www.walkphoto.net/076coral-dragon
7. ↑ https://yugioh.fandom.com/wiki/Coral\_Dragon
Canis lupus campestris

### Debated

Yes, with C.l. lupus. Currently argunensis,bactrianus, cubanenesis, and desertorum have been merged to campestris.

Caspian sea wolves, also called steppe wolves, live in grasslands of Eurasia. Their range in 1804 extended from Eastern Europe all the way to central Asia, including the countries Serbia, Romania, Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan,Tajikistan, Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, and China.However due to scientific confusion and squabbling regarding wolf subspecies data, their current range is unknown. Numerous sources insist that it still lives in Kazakhstan.

It is noted to be weaker in size and appearance than the "Middle Russian wolf" with courser fur.  By 1988 it was noted to no longer have been found in Hungary, Romania, and most of its old European range. It is also noted that the wolves outlined by Dwigubsky are not all identical. It seems that he had seen living wolves that looked similar in different areas, however his exact process for determining the subspecies is not something I have found yet.

They are known to splurge kill Caspian seals, something hunters do when they desire to kill for fun.

1. ↑ https://animalogic.ca/in-the-field/story-of-the-steppe-wolf
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 https://archive.org/details/mammalsofsov211998gept/page/188/mode/2up
Eggs

Eggs are an important part of our culture and other cultures. They play important parts in our storytelling, symbols, and diet. In America, humans eat chicken eggs, and while the chicken egg is well known, other eggs from other birds are also considered important enough that it doesn't always completely feel "chicken", but somewhat so. However, the appearance of eggs is strongly influenced by chicken eggs. Most people know that some eggs are spotted even if they don't know what kinds of birds lay spotted eggs. Thus, in fiction, fictional creatures often lay eggs with spots.