Shiranui-class Frigate (Navalpunk '70)

*From: Navalpunk '70 Wikia*

RS Shiranui (111)

> Posterity is like the bastard son a bitter father wished he had. Coming off from the mistakes of the Cologne-class, the **Project 1135** filled the shortcomings of the smaller Russian navy ships had, which lacked sufficient air defence weapons and were too small to effectively utilise sophisticated Soviet electronics onboard which significantly hampered it’s combat effectiveness. In response to these criticisms these ships would be larger, and better armed and protected. The Cologne-class focused on adequacy, cost less to procure and operate and was a simpler general-purpose escort vessels bought in large numbers.
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The 10Ko106 is a communications computer which handles all communication information systems on the ship. There are two switchboard panels; "A" panel uses 4 panel switches which connects the commanding officer to PA system, battlestation, mechanical room, and auxiliary rooms. While "B" panel consists of 24 panel switches which is used to connect to specific areas of the ship. Each switch is a physical wire pair (A or B). In order to connect two voice channels (say A1 and B2) together, of which is either handled manually by an operator or using an automatic exhange system of which the telephone switch interchanges the information between A1 and B2. It switches both the time slot and physical connection. To do this, it exchanges data between the time slots and connections 8,000 times per second, under control of digital logic that cycles through electronic lists of the current connections. This system allows the commander and officers on Vizviy's bridge to issue commands to every operational crew system on the ship almost instantly, with some observed delay of 1 - 5 seconds depending on the operation used and condition of the computer.
Additional communication systems include a ship-to-ship radio, long-range radio and distress beacons, which allows the ship to communicate with the fleet and or other elements in the battle field. Encryption is provided by a electromechanical cypher machine that uses "Base Echo 3-11" encryption for Russian Naval transmissions.

The **Shiranui-class** (Russian: Ширануи, Japanese: 不知火) and **Fidonisiy-class** (Japanese: フィドニシ, Russian: Фидонисий) (military designation Project 1135) is a series of frigates and "pocket cruisers" built in the Soviet Union for the Soviet Navy. There are eighteen ships built between 1968 and 1980. While there are forty ships planned, the remaining twelve “repeat Shiranuis” plans were cannibalised in favour of building Mutsuki-class light frigates. Following 1973, the Shiranui-class makes up the bulk of the Soviet Navy. They complement the more powerful destroyers and cruisers in strategic dominance (air and sea superiority), and anti-submarine roles.

In Admiral K.K. Shiba's Deep Operations (Russian: Глубокая операция, glubokaya operatsiya) doctrine, the Shiranuis are highly capable relative to similar ships of it's class. It is intended to operate on long-distance missions and be suited to emphasising strategic mobility, and in accordance to the doctrine: complete capability of accommodating a command role for use as an semi or fully independent flotillas.

# Development History

**(NOTE: SECTIONS PAST THE TITLE DO NOT BELONG TO THE SHIRANUI-CLASS ARTICLE)** The word Vizverzidezhannyy was considered "The youngest word in the Russian language. First issued in dictionaries in (O.S) 1849 by orders of the Winter Palace as a way to promote heroism in the Russian Army. The namesake of the word and the ship class belonged to Lieutenant Ilyana Simonovich Vizvy (The Ruby Sword recipient and Cross of St. Georgi C5) for her last stand during the Siege of Um which spared the lives of 165 troops which rewarded her The Ruby Sword medal posthumously. Her gallantry and documented heroism became perfect for the Russian Armed Forces to promote, subsequently becoming the face of many Russian propaganda campaigns, including the adjective of Vizverziderzhannyy.

Many of the Vizviy-class ships had other namesakes which had themes of heroism. Majority of the ships which in service with navies to other nations, a pair of ships were delivered to the Jamin Feng Navy (JFN) for lend-lease. The vessels seeing service with the JF Navy were known as the 'Hero-class' (JF Official Designation: Class 2B9-E) which also followed the naming convention of the Vizvie.

### Construction

The Vizvie-class is large for a destroyer, but smaller than a cruiser, which the Russian Navy deemed best suited for economic series production, as it meant the Russians could downscale the production of light cruisers and save significant costs due to the new, larger sized destroyers of comparable capabilites. Detailed design changes eliminated some of the problems seen during trials of the original Sovremennyy-class such as spaced thermal sleeves to prevent machine distortions from background temperatures, enlargened gear and shaft complexes for increased engine service life, and seawater cooling systems supplied by the ship's ballast tanks for keeping electronics and engine equipment cool, with said equipment themselves having provided redundancies to protect against environmental conditions that may damage it.

The ship is also very balanced, using variable-volumet ballasts which is used for preventing ship tipping in the event of flooding damage. These ballasts also are used to store seawater for cooling systems.

Many of these ships have followed cost cutting measures to prevent any delay in construction time in the ship. Many subassemblies have been built specifically for destroyer production:

* Shipyards in Altay, Arkhangelsk, Sapporo and Karakatya build prefabricated ship sections for assembly
* Kirov Naval Plant supplied the ship's 'Schchit' naval armour.
* OP Osseniya Heavy Industry produces the DO-190 gas turbines, DDO-93 diesel engines and turbo-electric transmission system.
* KKB Magdiesew produces the AV-1/2 turret mounts for 125mm guns.
* KKB Avtomaschinaarlenika produces the ship electronics and radar systems.
* Sankt Konstantin Machine Plant produces ship auxiliary and improved performance components.

The design of the Vizviderzhannyy-class was originally based on a proposed large 2,300 ton design having decided to be enlargened to 2,805 metric tons, which is 505 tons overweight than its original designed tonnage and 3,665 metric tons at deep load. The ships of the Vizverziderzhannyy-class were among the largest destroyers built in Russia, with a wider flaring bow design and a more hydrodynamically efficient water-plane form with a hull designed to be of all steel construction, using a reinforced bow and all bolted segments the ship. The Vizvie had an overall length of 66.4 arshina (129 meters), a beam of 6 arshina (11.9 meters) and a draft of 2.04 arshina (4 meters) at deep load, standard load being at 2.55 arshina (5 meters). The crew complement consisted of 291 sailors and officers.

### Protective Measures

Much of the ship was divided into separate sections belonging to other manufacturers which was then assembled in a singular drydock for mass production. Each section is built with four fuel rod cells on each side, contained within the ship's bilge ballast, divided by the crew compartment in between. Each section are protected with bakelite anti-spall lining. Bulkhead doors being 25mm thick for improved crew survivability. Two electric cable complex encased in 1 arsen (5.7mm) of aluminium-steel alloy insulated by 2 mer (1.6mm) of high resistance rubber matrix is found running along the ship's axis on opposite sides atop the waterline, these cable complexes are wired to the electronics systems found within the vessel, these two cables are redundancies, in the event of a damaged complex the secondary can take over and maintain the ship's working order.

Fire suppression is automatic, provided smoke detectors and water sprinklers. With additional water hoses, fire extinguishers, thermal shielding and heat-resistant firefighting gear to improve fire damage control conditions.

### Schchit Underwater Protection System

The ship uses the 'Schchit' underwater protection system. This system was designed to resist minor torpedo attacks and Cryptid seamonster damage, this is a type of impact protection system which is able to simulate torpedo bulkheads without causing an increase in beam and compromising the turn rate. The system consists of two major components:

* The Schchit shield
* The variable-volumet ballast

The shield consists of a relatively thin outer 'bumper' plate with some distance from the main hull. The outer plate itself wasn't expected to stop the incoming threat but instead was designed to break up and distribute the energy of the impact where it is spread more thinly throughout the ship's hull, which in theory will be able to prevent any major armour penetration. The plate is evenly spaced between two 25mm thick special treatment soft steel with thin multi-shock trusses sandwiched in-between to maximise shock absorption.

For preventing shockwave damage the variable-volumet water ballasts serve to improve survivability conditions of the crew inside, the fuel rod cells within the ballasts help in improving the protection by the ship using the ballasts as a last ditch measure to ensure crew protection. A bakelite anti-spall lining is inserted into the walls between the volumet buffer and the main compartments. The addition of the volumet tanks was controversial; as the addition of such tanks made for a cramped working space for crew operators in lower decks of the ship bilge. However at the cost of relatively superior underwater protection.

### Propulsion

The ships were powered by a CODAG propulsion set, consisting of the DO-190 gas turbine engine and the DDO-93M diesel economy engine which drove the turbo-electric transmission system consisting of three Kolombarskiy AVM-33-2 electric generators generating 80 kilowatts, power clutch controls and two shafts all designed and built by OP Osseniya and Kolombarskiy. The propulsion system each driving a pair of pumpjet centrifugal-flow pump paired with two shark's-fin style rudders using power provided by both the diesel and gas turbine engines. Two pair of lateral thrusters containing additional pumpjets powered by the AVM-33-2 generators for improved maneuverability. The DO-190 turbines operated at a pressure of 51 kg/cm² and a temperature of 445°C at 32% thermal efficiency which was regularly regulated by the ship's seawater cooling system. The turbines could produce a total of 46,000kW.

The diesel engines fair better for the Vizverziderzhannyy-class at economic cruise. With a V-12 opposed piston engine with a maximum operating speed of 1000rpm with pressures of 28 kg/cm², the diesel engine is rated to produce 8,000kW at maximum speed. The CODAG propulsion intended to give the ships a speed of 40.3 knots (74.7km/h). The designers had allowed for leeway for the ship to exceed its standard maximum speed of 40.3kn, however the Russian Navy does not recommend exceeding the Vizviy's maximum speed. This was apparent during various speed trials where ships like Galantnost' reached 44 knots (81km/h). But due to variation of fuel needed and wartime shortages meant that speeds were best kept between 34 knots (63km/h) and 37 knots (69km/h) in order to not consume too much fuel in combat. The range of the Vizverziderzhannyy was rated to be at ~2,100km at 40.3kn. However at 18 knots (33km/h) speed using the DDO-93M engine, the Vizviy fairs better in range at 17.3 dalek (11,250km). All engine compartments have been divided accordingly into individual airtight subdivisions with exception to the mechanical transmission of the system.

The underside of the ship is equipped with bilge keel and anti-roll fin stabilisers which are electronically connected to the gyroscope stabiliser system. The 4U2P anti-roll gyroscope stabiliser suite was the main stabilisation equipment found within the Vizverziderzhannyy-class. It consisted of a 7 ton, 1 arshina (1.95 meter) diameter flywheels mounted near the center of the ship, between the engine rooms and spun at 6200 rpm by 50kW AC electric motors and are cooled down by seawater and glycol vials to maintain the high spin rate. The gyroscopes' cases were mounted on vertical bearings protected by a 7mm steel shell. When a small sensor gyroscope on the bridge sensed a roll, a servomotor would rotate the gyros about a vertical axis in a direction so their precession would counteract the roll. Additional instruments to improve anti-roll capability uses a twin-axis liquid level ruler, a shift calculator connected to an electromechanical computer which operates the ship's anti-roll control planes in order to exhibit -/+1.89° of roll which was deemed significant compared to the previous destroyers which lacked stabilisation.

For providing superior flooding control compared to preceding destroyers in the navy, each engine is equipped with a 1kW battery for cold starts, power in the ship can be redirected to the engines as a last resort. Both gas turbine and diesel engine are sat atop a depression which is equipped with a water pump connected to the ship ballasts, which is made much smaller with the deletion of the fuel rods which are replaced by smaller springboard shock absorbers to better fit crew and workers. The depression both works to add more accessibility to the engine's internal components and also be used as flood water collection to prevent any from entering it. The sides of the engines are armoured by 13mm high-tensile steel plating on the sides.

### Fire Control Systems

#### Aragats Compact Electronics Suite (ACES)

As the main heart of the Vizverziderzhannyy-class, the Aragats Compact Electronics Suite, or ACES for short is a family of military-grade digital computer systems designed for fire control application for the Russian Navy. Designed by the Sarovsnigrad College of Precision Machinery headed and supervised by Senior Lieutenant Anton Sviatovl. The system is partially electronic and partially electromechanical, consisting of an array of high-power computer systems which can perform a variety of tasks from fire control, radar processing, onboard crew and ship-to-ship communications. These computer systems are located in the ship 'Battlestation' (name of CIC) and all units are encased in 25mm special treatment steel, shock hardened armoured boxes with liquid cooling integrations which significantly increases each unit's service life. Assessment of results of fire control systems capable of dealing automatically with the help of digital computing facilities. The operator functions are to control over the work battle management and implementation of missile launch. In a complex environment, operators can manually intervene in the course of combat operation, using electromechanical auxiliary systems.

Typically there are five digital computer units in the Vizviy's battlestation, with two or three electromechanical analogues. All carrying primary and extrasystemic equipment:

* One 5Ae31 Aragats-I, digital, for storing data and processing, with radar and sonar controls.
* One 5Ae32 Aragats-II, digital, for 125mm gun fire control.
* One 5Ae33 Aragats-EE, digital, for calculating high-angle deflection for AA armaments.
* One 5Ae34 Aragats-RL, digital, for surface-to-air missile control.

* A pair of 10Ko106 digital communications switchboards, for onboard deck and ship-to-ship communications.
* One 5Ae38 Aragats EVM-EVM, electromechanical, for ballistic calculations and displaying fire solution data.
* One 5Ae38 Aragats PL-SP, electromechanical, provides real-time aim correction fire solution for follow-up artillery shots.

An example of an Aragats system.

Word processing unit of the Aragats-I.

The Aragats-I computer processing array, with memory banks visible.

An example of an Aragats-RL.

Each computer had a speed thousands of times faster than that of electromechanical ones; this computational power significantly added an edge to the Russian Navy's gunnery capability. The high processing power combined with its speed allowed for thousands more calculations for problems, as the Aragats system could calculate a fire solution in 10 - 60 seconds that took humans longer, and even with a greater accuracy.  The entire computer array is divided into five units, with 6,200 7VT7 pentode thernionic valve vacuum tubes, protected by sheet metal cylinders consuming 260kW with 6,153 7D14 quartz piezoelectric crystal diodes combined with 7D16 double diode triodes combined. 1,566 relays, 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors ran by a 2.25MHz clock. all built by precision machining. The Aragats was a large, modular computer array, carrying a powerful memory bank of 1,000 bytes and capable of performing 1,905 operations per second.