recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Emperor Huaizong of Song

Emperor Huaizong or Bing was the 18th emperor of the Song Dynasty and was the 9th emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty. He was the last Song Emperor.

His father was Emperor Duzong and a concubine named Lady Yu. He was the youngest of his brothers who became emperors.

The capital was taken on 4 February 1276. He managed to escape with Duanzong with help but Gong was given to the Mongols by his adoptive grandmother (Lizong’s spouse). They escaped and Duanzong became emperor. Unfortunately, the Mongols wanted to eliminate Song remnants and so while fleeing, Emperor Duanzong fell from a boat in a storm and he died few days later from an unspecified illness. Bing was then proclaimed Emperor Huaizong. He took refuge in a cave where a monk gave him soup and he liked it requesting more. This is known as the Patriotic Soup/Protect the Country Dish and it became a way to honor Emperor Huaizong. The Battle of Yamen was win by the Mongols and any hope was lost. Huaizong saw the outcome was was shocked that the army was disorganized and so he said in response “They should have coordinated their attack and fought as a unit.” Lu Xiufu, a loyalist who helped him escape was with him did not want to be captured and he decided to commit suicide with the seven year old. He said to Zhao Bing after telling his wife to commit suicide “The affairs of our nation lie in ruins and our country is destroyed. Your Majesty, please do not continue the disastrous policies of your predecessor Emperor Gong whose presence in Dadu is an unbearable shame, we cannot again bear such an insult.” Lu gave Huaizong his seal and picked up him and commited suicide by jumping into a nearby river. This left the main line extinct with the expection of Gong who was the only family member of the main line to survive into adulthood. Emperor Huaizong’s death marked the end of the Song Dynasty.
Tizocic

## Tizoc

**Tízocic**, or his more well known name **Tízoc**, was the seventh ruler of Tenochtitlan and the fourth ruler of the Aztecs.

Tizoc's reign marks the nadir of Aztec power since he literally did nothing in his reign besides facing rebellions and conquered little city-states and nothing else. It's even worse when it's noted he was notable for his military defeats.

## Biography

### Name

His name is disputed. Some claim it means 'he who has bled,' or 'he who does penance' but as we will see, he clearly failed at the bleed part. Another suggests 'chalk leg'.

### Now the Actual Biography

Before he became tlatoani, he was rewarded the title of Tlacatecatl for his supposed deeds in battle.

His brother Axayacatl died in 1481 and the rulers of Tlacopan (Chimalpopoca) and Texcoco (Nezahualpilli) agreed to appoint Tizoc as tlatoani.

Tizoc got off to a bad start already when he sought prisoners of war in his investiture ceremony and decided to target Metztitlán instead of Cuetlachtlan, a rebellious city state. Metztitlán had a superior geographic position. He was defeated and 300 of his men were killed and he only gained 40 prisoners, some of which were not even from Metztitlán, but rather Huaxtecs. Tizoc claimed this as a victory, citing that he had gotten the number needed for his investiture ceremony. Regardless, Tizoc became tlatoani and invited everyone, if they were similar in rank to him, to it.

Tizoc decided to make only those who captured a warrior from Huexotzingo receive the highest warrior insignia due to their ferocity and skill.

Around 1483, some city-states around the Gulf Coast rebelled knowing full well that Tizoc was incompetent forcing Tizoc to campaign against them.

He died in 1486 of disputed causes, some say he was poisoned via his food, sorcery, or was murdered. His assassination, if there ever was one, was most likely caused by the nobles wanting another and better tlatoani who could expand the empire than one who just sat and suppressed rebellions.

## Personality & Traits

He was said to be very incompetent, instead, he "preferred to seclude himself in his palace," but the Codex Mendoza offers an entirely different account, though it may be biased as many of the tlatoanis are described in a similar fashion. Tizoc in this case was described as valiant and aggressive in warfare. He was also described as a stern but fair ruler.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Aztec Warfare: Imperial Expansion and Political Control By Ross Hassig
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 https://arqueologiamexicana.mx/mexico-antiguo/tizoc-el-que-hace-sacrificio-1481-1486
3. ↑ Manuel Aguilar-Moreno, Handbook to Life in the Aztec World
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Codex Mendoza, fol. 11v
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 De Alva Ixtlilxóchitl Fernando, et al. History of the Chichimeca Nation: Don Fernando De Alva Ixtlilxochitl's Seventeenth-Century Chronicle of Ancient Mexico. University of Oklahoma Press, 2019.
6. ↑ Elizabeth Hill Boone, Aztec Imperial Strategies
7. ↑ Frances Berdan and Patricia Rieff Anawalt, The Essential Codex Mendoza, Volume 2; Volume 4
KV62

This was the tomb of the most famous pharaoh Tutankhamun. This is the most preserved tomb in Ancient Egypt. It contained the mummy of Tutankhamun and his two stillborn daughters. In 1922, Howard Carter found in but decided to wait and sent a telegraph to Lord Caravon who came and explored. Their candles were weak so they got lanterns the next day. Howard Carter famously said “Yes, wonderful things.” after Lord Caravon asked him if he can see anything. The tomb was actually robbed but was sealed and protected by Ramesses VI’s tomb. Howard and company went into his chamber and covering him was the sarcophagus they opened it and opened it until they saw the linen surronding Tut. They saw the mask and removed it. They carefully unwrapped the linen and found his mummy. Few months later, Caravon died and people thought it was Tut’s revenge.
Song dynasty

宋朝

The **Song dynasty** in China lasted from 960 to 1279. Despite its relatively small size, it was an era of great cultural, scientific, and technological advances. It was very prosperous, and by the Xianping Era (998 - 1003), 38 years after its founding, it's GDP was 22.7%.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 https://kknews.cc/history/o2b3mpm.html
Axayacatl

**Axayactl** (d. 1481) was a tlatoani of the Aztecs. He killed Moquihuix in a conflict.

His name means 'Face of Water'.

## Biography

He was the youngest brother of Tizoc and Ahuitzotl.

His rule began in 1469 after Moctezuma I died and he was said to be nineteen at the time. Upon becoming the tlatoani, the city-state Cuetlaxtlan decided to revolt (with help from Tlaxcala) and killed the Aztec governor there, which gave Axayactl the perfect excuse to legitimize his rule and so put down the revolt. The leader of the Cuetlaxtlan attempted to flee the city but the peasants, fearful of Aztec rebuttal, took him prisoner and handed him over to the Aztecs; he was executed. Moquihuix also decided to rebel in 1473, but Axayactl brutally put it down by burning the twin temples of Tlateloco and killing Moquihuix in hand-to-hand combat. Tlateloco never would recover from that. Axayactl got too cocky and invaded the Tarascans (they had 40,000), losing the battle and lost 3,000 of his men (he had a initial force of 24,000). His army had to retreat to Ecatepec. This defeat stressed Axayactl (since it hurt his pride) and he died in 1481.

## Personality

He was a bold and prideful tlatoani of the Aztecs, who was restless. His bellicose behavior coupled with his valiance made him a very formiable enemy and he was known to be a very great military leader. One of his tactics was to feign retreat, where as the enemy would pursue until Axayactl showed up, with more men.

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 The Essential Codex Mendoza, Volume 2; Volume 4

By Frances Berdan, Patricia Rieff Anawalt
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Aztec Warfare: Imperial Expansion and Political Control By Ross Hassig
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 In the Language of Kings: An Anthology of Mesoamerican Literature, Pre ... By Miguel Leon-Portilla, Earl Shorris
Yang Biao

楊彪

**Yang Biao**, courtesy name **Wenxian**, was a high-ranking official during the late Han and part of the famous Yang clan of Hongnong. He was the son of Yang Ci. He served in all Three Excellency posts and outlived the Han, though he was never really that happy about it.

## Biography

He was well-educated from a young age. Due to this and his illustrious background, not only was he nominated as filial and incorrupt, but he was also nominated and noble and talented and even offered a position among the Three Excellencies, but Yang Biao refused all of them. He later was convinced to serve the government as a advisor. He quickly rose up the ranks and edited the Dongguan with Ma Midi, Lu Zhi, and Cai Yong. Later, he discovered that an eunuch, Wang Fu, was extorting money and reported it to Yang Qiu, who executed Wang Fu. Many people praised them as a result.

Yang Biao was notably distraught when Cao Cao killed Yang Xiu. Cao Cao visited Yang Biao and the first thing he asked was, "Sir, why are you so thin?" Yang Biao replied, "I am ashamed to lack Midi's enlightened foresight, but I still cherish the love for him like an old cow licks its calf."

When Cao Pi usurped the Han, he sent an envoy bearing his edict requesting Yang Biao serve as Grand Commandant. Yang Biao replied along the lines of, "I served the Han in the Excellency posts, but I was harmed by the chaos and wasn't able to provide assistance. Furthermore, I am aged and ill, so how could I help the new dynasty?" Yang Biao then decided to resign. Cao Pi still sent him the occasional gifts.

## Fun Facts

Yang Biao outlived Cao Cao and Liu Bei, both considered the founders of their states, despite being older than them.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 彪字文先，少傳家學。初舉孝廉，州舉茂才，辟公府，皆不應。熹平中，以博習舊聞，公車徵拜議郎，華嶠書曰：「與馬日磾、盧植、蔡邕等著作東觀。」遷侍中、京兆尹。光和中，黃門令王甫使門生於郡界辜榷官財物七千餘萬，華嶠書曰：「甫使門生王翹辜榷。」解見靈帝紀。彪發其姦，言之司隷。司隷校尉陽球因此奏誅甫，天下莫不愜心。徵還為侍中、五官中郎將，遷潁川、南陽太守，復拜侍中，三遷永樂少府、太僕、衞尉。
Houhanshu 54
2. ↑ Midi - Jin Midi killed his own son for inappropriate actions and Yang Biao stated he was ashamed he couldn't do the same.
3. ↑ 後子修為曹操所殺，操見彪問曰：「公何瘦之甚？」對曰：「愧無日磾先見之明，猶懷老牛舐犢之愛。」
Houhanshu 54
4. ↑ 及魏文帝受禪，欲以彪為太尉，先遣使示旨。彪辭曰：「彪備漢三公，遭世傾亂，不能有所補益。耄年被病，豈可讚惟新之朝？」遂固辭。乃授光祿大夫，賜几杖衣袍，因朝會引見，令彪著布單衣、鹿皮冠，杖而入，待以賓客之禮。
Houhanshu 54
Zhao Kai

趙愷

> "*I hope that we can both mutually protect the public. (更望相公保全。)*"
> ― Zhao Kai
>
>

**Zhao Kai** (趙愷; 1146 - 1180), was the second son of Zhao Shen.

Zhao Kai was born in 1146 to Zhao Shen. He was made the Prince of Qing in 1162. When his elder brother Zhao Qi died in 1167, Zhao Kai was made the Prince of Wei, and he was considered to be appointed Crown Prince, but Zhao Shen thought he was too nice and weak so it went to Zhao Dun, his younger brother.

## Family

Father: Zhao Shen

* Unknown
	+ *Zhao Shu*
	+ Zhao Bing, Prince Jinghui of Yi
Ding Daquan

丁大全

**Ding Daquan** (1191 - 1263), courtesy name **Ziwan**, was an official during the late years of the Song dynasty who gained favor with Emperor Lizong along with an eunuch named Dong Songchen. He angered Emperor Lizong by neglecting a town he administered and got demoted eventually drowning (probably assassination) in 1263 in Tengzhou.

## Biography

Ding Daquan was born in 1191 in Zhenjiang to a family of humble origins. Around 1238-1239, he was given a Jinshi (進士). He eventually rose to power and eventually he decided to remove a minister named Dong Huai who had a Jinshi, served as the Chief Councilor, and was popular with students such as Chen Yizhong in order to further gain power. Ding Daquan tried to submit a memorial denouncing Dong Huai (it succeeded), but Ding Daquan got so impatient he raised a small army during the night and surrounded Dong Huai's house, forcing the owner to come out, where Daquan paraded him away. Chen Yizhong and the students were outraged at such a popular minister humiliated and dismissed in that way so they protested by submitting memorials denouncing Ding Daquan, but it failed and they were forced out. This only made Ding Daquan more arrogant.

He eventually incurred Lizong's wrath and was exiled to Tengzhou where whilst on a boat, someone decided to push him into the water. He drowned.

## Personality & Traits

Ding Daquan was a minister who pretended to be modest in order to curry favor and eventually monopolized power by purging officials. He was arrogant too. Due to his actions, he gained many enemies in court and to show their hatred of Ding, they called him 'Ding the Blue Face' due to him supposedly having blue veins close to his face.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 https://kknews.cc/history/j55yg6.html
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 宋史474
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 宋史紀事本末董宋臣丁大全之奸：大全，鎮江人，面藍色，
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 https://books.google.com/books?id=2BglxUD6Q6kC&pg=PA118&dq=Ding-Daquan&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks\_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiw\_dGnvKToAhXJlXIEHddpAVoQ6AEwA3oECAQQAg#v=onepage&q=Ding-Daquan&f=false
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 https://books.google.com/books?id=l-ON0m62jIkC&pg=PA65&dq=Ding+Daquan&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks\_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiU8d3gvaToAhWBhHIEHelbB4sQ6AEwAXoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=Ding%20Daquan&f=false
Tenshi Sekkan Miei

The **Tenshi Sekkan Miei** is a scroll that depicts various Emperors and officials of Japan from roughly Emperor Toba to Emperor Go-Daigo. It **may** have been compiled during the reign of Emperor Go-Kogon as he is listed as the Reigning Emperor at the time.

The authors are attributed to Fujiwara no Tamenobu (藤原為信) and Fujiwara no Goshin (藤原豪信). It is believed that Tamenobu drew the Emperors from Emperor Toba to Emperor Go-Nijo while Goshin did the rest.

## Gallery

Emperor TobaEmperor FushimiEmperor Go-FushimiEmperor Hanazono
Ramesses IX

## Rameeses IX’s Mummy

He was a grandson of Ramesses III and succeeded Ramesses III’s old son Ramesses VIII. He was the last great pharaoh of the 20th dynasty. His reign the the 3rd longest. He was known for the robbery trials that robbed his predecessors’ tombs. During his reign, Paser accused Paweraa who was the West Mayor of Thebes. Paser was the East Mayor of Thebes. There was not enough evidence to blame Paweraa and suspiciously, Paser disappeared. He died in 1111 BC and was succeeded by his son Ramesses X. His mummy was found with it’s nose missing, a broken neck, and broken bones.
FULL FILE

This is a known creepy pasta that effects houses. It is a full piece of paper that if you read it. In 2 days. You hallucinate cool stuff. In 8 days (1 week 1 day.) you see a blue monster and if it spots you, it gives you candy and money. A person locked himself with a computer. The computer downloaded itself a file we known as FULL FILE. He became rich 10 days (1 week 3 days.) later.
Osroes II

Minted in 190 in Ecbatana and sold for 70$.

**Osroes II**, was a Parthian pretender who rebelled against Vologases IV and his successor Vologases V. He most likely controlled Ecbatana since his coins were minted there.

In 190, Osroes II decided he would rebel against Vologases IV and actually did well, rapidly gaining control of Ecbatana. His victory would be short-lived since Vologases IV died and his son Vologases V put down Osroes II's rebellion by 191. It is unknown what Osroes' fate is.

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 https://www.vcoins.com/en/stores/marc\_breitsprecher\_classical\_numismatist/8/product/kings\_of\_parthia\_\_osroes\_ii\_ekbatana\_mint\_ar\_drachm\_\_archer/644744/Default.aspx
Orodes I

Arsaces XVI

**Orodes I** ruled the Parthian Empire during a time of turmoil. He may have been a pretender against Mithradates III.

## Biography

He began his rebellion against Mithradates III on April 11, 80 BC. He was very successful and soon controlled Ecbatana and Rhagae, which are important minting cities. He soon enthroned himself as King in Susa, during the Summer of 80 BC. He somehow was overthrown by a guy who is only known as Arsaces XVI in 75 BC and may have died.

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 https://www.livius.org/articles/person/arsaces-xv-orodes-i/
Yuan Cheng

> "*If things are not in harmony, just ask Wenkai.*"
> ― Proverb regarding Yuan Cheng
>
>

袁成

**Yuan Cheng**, courtesy name **Wenkai**, was a member of the famed Yuan family of Ru'nan. He was the son of Yuan Yang.

## Biography

He met Liang Ji and many people in the capital and quickly became friendly with them. Whenever he spoke, they all listened to what he had to say.

He died at a relatively young age.

## Personality & Traits

He seems to have been very wise, as there was a proverb circulating in the capital that said that if things weren't in harmony, all you had to do was ask Yuan Cheng how to fix it.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 成字文開，壯健有部分，貴戚權豪自大將軍梁冀以下皆與結好，言無不從。故京師爲作諺曰：「事不諧，問文開。」
Yingxiongji
2. ↑ 長子平，平弟成，左中郎將，並早卒；
Hua Jiao's Book of Han
Maxtla

Maxtla attending Tezozomoc's funeral.

**Maxtla** was the tlatoani of Azcapotzalco. His father was the famous ruler Tezozomoc. He is generally described by Aztec sources (winners make history after all) as a vicious ruler who deserved to have his empire fall.

## Biography

During his father's funeral in 29 March 1426, Tayatzin wanted to kill Nezahualcoyotl on the spot, but Maxtla advised him to be patient because they needed to mourn for Tezozomoc first.

Maxtla thought he would be the next ruler because he thought he deserved it due to his skills, but Tayatzin succeeded Tezozomoc as Tlatoani of Azcapotzalco because he was elected by the Tepanec Council of Elders and in accordance with his late father's wishes. However, Maxtla overthrew Tayatzin merely 5 days after the funeral and became tlatoani on April 3 and had his son Tecollotzin succeed him as Lord of Coyohuacan.

### Reign

The incensed Tayatzin conspired with the Tenochtitlan ruler Chimalpopoca against Maxtla. They would build a palace for Tayatzin and invite Maxtla to it, then they would strangle him using flowers once he was distracted (and then talked about other stuff) but the plot was discovered by a dwarf named Tetontli who happened to be a spy for Maxtla. Pissed, Maxtla decided to murder Tayatzin using the same exact method they suggested. Tayatzin fell for it and was slain. Maxtla also killed any Tepanecs that opposed his rule. He attempted to invite Chimalpopoca and Tlacateotl (his nephew and another enemy) as well but both claimed that they were busy with some ceremonial stuff. Chimalpopoca soon found out and feared for his life and decided to sacrifice himself but Maxtla got word of this and Chimalpopoca was captured in his own city, who either promptly committed suicide in prison or was murdered.

### Downfall

Itzcoatl took power in Tenochtitlan and either in 1427 or 1428, Maxtla killed Tlacateotl. In 1428, he sieged Tenochtitlan, but Itzcoatl and some other allied city-states of Tenochtitlan repelled the attack. Now on the losing side, Maxtla hid in a palace steam bath once the Aztecs reached his capital but he was found and sacrificed. His death brought a end to Azcapotzalco.

## Personality & Traits

Described as capable but a impulsive man, his father let Tayatzin succeed him rather than Maxtla fearing the latter's vicious personality would doom the state.

## Family

* Children:
	+ Tecollotzin

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan ..., Volume 1By don Domingo de San Anton Munon Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 De Alva Ixtlilxóchitl Fernando, et al. *History of the Chichimeca Nation: Don Fernando De Alva Ixtlilxochitl's Seventeenth-Century Chronicle of Ancient Mexico*. University of Oklahoma Press, 2019.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Empire of the Aztecs, by Barbara A. Somervill
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft: Volume 5
Li Chen

> "*Was the person approaching me the Taiwei [Li Deyu]? Whenever he looked at me, my hairs were raised.*"
> ― Li Chen
>
>

## Personal Info

### Names

Li Yi (李怡)

**Li Chen** was an Emperor of the Tang. He was affectionately called 'Little Taizong (小太宗)' by the people due to his reforms.

He was born to Tang Xianzong. He was made Prince of Guang (光王). Li Chen was reclusive from childhood and feigned stupidity which caused him to be bullied by his relatives, but his father treated him well and always saw potential in Li Chen. One time, Li Chen was seriously ill when a beam of light shined on his bed; he saluted to it which was given great praise by his father. Li Chen also dreamed of flying with a golden dragon which his mother told him to keep a secret, though Li Yan found out. After his father's death, the next four Emperors treated him horribly. Li Heng hated Li Chen, and the next one Li Zhan called him Uncle Guang (光叔) mockingly, and the next two Emperors also called him that. Li Yan may have been the worst of them as one time during a banquet, he threw Li Chen into a cesspit and left him to drown IN IT. Li Chen was given mercy by the eunuchs and escaped. When Li Yan grew ill, the eunuchs wanted Li Chen to become the next Emperor since he was 'stupid' and issued a decree in Li Yan's name making Li Chen the Crown Prince.

## Reign

Li Chen then threw out the facade of being stupid and eliminated corrupt officials. He disliked Li Deyu, as he described him, "Was the person approaching me the Taiwei [Li Deyu]? Whenever he looked at me, my hairs were raised." Li Chen gradually removed Li Deyu's power by removing officials appointed by Li Deyu. Li Chen also removed power from the eunuchs and his relatives and increased the treasury.

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20181120A1VCUK
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20200107A05Q4Q00
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20191216A0GNTN00
4. ↑ 文宗、武宗幸十六宅宴集，強誘其言，以為戲劇，謂之「光叔」。武宗氣豪，尤不為禮。 (From 舊唐書卷18下)
5. ↑ 刚才在我旁边的人是太尉李德裕吧？他每次看我，都使我不寒而栗。
Tenoch

**Tenoch** was a (or the) tlatoani of the Mexica people. His name literally means 'Stone Cactus Fruit'.

The Codex Mendoza claims Tenoch came into power in 1324, but other source state 1325, with modern historians accepting the latter as fact. Elected by his fellow captains, Tenoch served as the first head of the Mexica due to his eloquency. Tenoch served for 51 years before he died.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 https://codicemendoza.inah.gob.mx/index.php?lang=english&folio\_number=8&type=r&section=h

(click Tenoch to see)
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Codex Mendoza, fol. 1r
3. ↑ Codex Mendoza, fol. 1v
Henry II of France

### Signature

**Henry II of France** (31 March 1519 - 10 July 1559) served as the King of France from 1547 to 1559.

Henry was notable for importing coin-making machines that made making coins more efficient, like the rolling mill and the punch & screw press, though it gained negativity and it was used mainly to make small coins.

Henry strongly disliked the Habsburg King Charles and when the city-state of Siena rebelled against his rule, Henry supported them as he put it, ‘under our protection’. Although they fought hard, Siena gave up and Henry was forced to abide and make peace.

## Quotes

“My dear and good friends the Councillors and Officers of the Republic of Sienna, we can only greatly admire and esteem the constance and perseverance which, in spite of all the trials of war, you continue to show in the conservation and defense of your city and state, under our protection, protection of which you can be assured that we will undertake as we have begun, without withholding anything... hoping that you will do what you must in return, ceasing all infighting and division from which will following the perpetual tranquility of your republic to the shame and confusion of those would tyrannize and oppress...” April 8, 1553.

## Fun Facts

André Thévet, a cosmographer of Henry, owned the Codex Mendoza.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.fleur-de-coin.com/articles/ancient-minting
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 https://www.raabcollection.com/workd-history-autographs/henry-II-1553
Tutankhamun

**Tutankhamun** was an Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh who died a early death.

His reign was uneventful, and he was a puppet mostly in the hands of Ay and Horemhemb. Tut was pressured to reverse his dad's changes like the religion. Part of the change was that Tut changed his name to Tutankhamun instead of Tutankhaten. He also tried to improve diplomatic relations with other kingdoms that his father had angered but failed. He died from from some say slipping and falling. He was buried at KV62 and remains the most famous pharaoh of all-time.

## Family

Tutankhamun had two baby daughters who were stillborn. They were probably his only children so he has no descendants.
Codex Mendoza

The **Codex Mendoza** was commissioned in 1542 by a viceroy named Antonio de Mendoza. It was made in the Americas and was initially going be sent to Spain but French ships intercepted it and a cosmographer named André Thevet was known to own since he wrote, "A. Thevet cosmographe du Roi"

 A digitized version of the Codex Mendoza can be found here, https://codicemendoza.inah.gob.mx/inicio.php?lang=english. The same authors of the aforementioned digitized version also made an app.

1. ↑ https://codicemendoza.inah.gob.mx/html/acerca.php?lang=english
2. ↑ This translates to "A. Thevet, cosmographer to the King."
History of the Southern Song

## 1200s

### 1224

Around September 6, 1224, Zhao Kuo did not show up to court. It soon became apparent that on September 12, he had became seriously ill. Shi Miyuan realized he wouldn't live much longer and enacted his plan: Zhao Yun was made (nominally for now) the Crown Prince. Zhao Kuo's illness persisted and on September 17, 1224, he passed away, and the machinations of Shi Miyuan meant that Zhao Yun, instead of Zhao Hong, became Emperor, much to the deposed prince's dismay, and to prevent even more whining, he was sent away. A grand amnesty was declared. An imperial order directed those within court to wear mourning garments for three days to mourn Zhao Kuo. On October 25, 1224, yet another imperial order praised the old ways of Confucianism and promoted Fu Bocheng, Yang Jian, and Chai Zhongxing.

## References

1. ↑ 十七年八月丙戌，寧宗違豫，自是不視朝。壬辰，疾篤，彌遠稱詔以貴誠爲皇子，改賜名昀，授武泰軍節度使，封成國公。閏月丙申，寧宗疾甚，丁酉，崩于福寧殿。彌遠使楊谷、楊石入白楊皇后，稱遺旨以皇子竑開府儀同三司，進封濟陽郡王、判寧國府，命子昀嗣皇帝位。大赦。
Toqto'a & others, Songshi, Volume 41 (Annals of Lizong)
2. ↑ 癸亥，詔宮中自服三年喪。
Toqto'a & others, Songshi, Volume 41 (Annals of Lizong)
3. ↑ 九月乙亥，詔褒表老儒，以傅伯成爲顯謨閣學士，楊簡寶謨閣直學士，並提舉南京鴻慶宮。柴中行敘復元職，授右文殿修撰、主管南京鴻慶宮。
Toqto'a & others, Songshi, Volume 41 (Annals of Lizong)
Pan Feng

潘鳳

**Pan Feng** (d. 190), courtesy name **Wushuang**, was a fictional character who appeared in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

When Hua Xiong easily killed Yu She, Han Fu offered up Pan Feng on the block with the words, "I have a superior general by the name of Pan Feng. He can behead Hua Xiong." Pan Feng then rode out with his large axe and was slain by Hua Xiong afterwards.

### Infamy

Due to Han Fu's confidence and the fact Guan Yu easily killed Hua Xiong afterwards, Pan Feng's strength and abilities have been overexaggerated, perhaps for him to seem significant despite being merely fictional. One such fake biography explains that Pan Feng was super **duper** intelligent (as the universe) and strong. Another attributes his downfall to be the doing of Yuan Shao, who had drugged his horse (or him).

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 **Fictional!**
《上將潘鳳傳》曰：潘鳳，字無雙，青州泰安人 。高九尺，腰大十二圍，使一百八十斤開山大斧。自幼熟讀詩書，暢曉兵法。有經天緯地之才，包藏宇宙之志。
2. ↑ 吾有上將潘鳳，可斬華雄。
Vonones II

Coin of Vonones II, minted around 51 AD.

**Vonones II** (d. 51) was briefly a King of the Parthians.

He became the king of Parthians after his predecessor died, but he also died barely months into his reign, which is described as ok.

## Reign

Nothing is known about Vonones II's early life besides serving as the King of Media Atropatene. He acceded the Parthian throne after June 51 when Gotarzes II died with the support of the nobles. Nothing is known about his reign and it is described as petty. He barely enjoyed the throne when he died months into his reign from an unknown cause. He was succeeded by Vologases I.

## Family

* Unknown
	+ Vologases I. (male).
	+ Pacorus. (male).
	+ Tiridates. (male).

## Fun Facts

He was named after one of his maternal relatives.

## Sources

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 “Vonones II.” *Livius*, last revised 29 Apr. 2019, www.livius.org/articles/person/vonones-ii/.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "Vonones, then viceroy of Media, was called to the throne. No successes and no reverses entitled him to mention: he completed a short, inglorious and perfunctory reign, and the Parthian empire devolved upon his son Vologases." - Tacitus
3. ↑ “Vonones II - King of Parthia.” *Vonones II - King of Parthia*, Blogger, Mar. 2011, romanatoz.blogspot.com/2011/03/vonones-ii-king-of-parthia.html.
Phraates I

**Phraates I** was the fourth King of the Parthian Empire.

## Biography

Phraates I was the eldest son of Phriapatius. Upon his father's death, he succeeded him in 176 BC.
He was succeeded by his beloved brother Mithradates I in 171 BC.

## Family

Father: Phriapatius

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 http://www.parthia.com/phraates1.htm
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 http://www.parthia.com/phriapatius.htm
Moctezuma

## Moctezumas

* Moctezuma I
* Moctezuma II

Moctezuma I

Moctezuma II

## Moctezuma I

His father was Huitzilihuitl. He is the fifth ruler of Tenochtitlan but the second ruler of the Aztec Empire. He succeeded his uncle Itzcoatl in a election by the nobles. His coronation was a big event, many nobles there died. One of the first things he did is cement a alliance with two neighboring city-states names Texcoco and Tlacopan. Moctezuma I and the ruler of Texcoc worked on a project that brought fresh water to the city-states and is worked. He led a attack aganist Oaxaca and succeeded. He attacked many other city-states and succeeded. This brought the Aztec Empire out of the Valley of Mexico. Unfortunately, not all was well. There were many natural disasters. There was a famine too so Moctezuma led war to appease the gods but it went on until the Spanish conquered the Aztecs. He led a attack aganist the Mixtecs and succeeded and got big tributes. He died in 1469.

## Moctezuma II

His father was Axayacatl. He was the ninth ruler of Tenochtitlan but the 6th ruler of the Aztec Empire. He was weak-minded and indecisive for a good reason and you will find out it here. Not much is known about him until the Spanish Conquest. He actually expanded the Aztec Empire before the Spanish arrived making to maxium extent. He at first greeted Hernán Cortés but he wanted to gold and so Hernán attacked and took Moctezuma II and prisoner so the Aztecs fought fiercely so Hernán Cortés retreated. The Spanish attack again but with allies so they lost. He died in 1520 but before he died of being stoned by accident, he told his people to stop but they did not listen. His brother succeeded Moctezuma II after he died and put up a good resistance. Moctezuma II will live on as a indecisive person.
Sun Ying

孫英

**Sun Ying** was known for trying to kill Sun Jun, but failed.

## Biography

Due to Sun Jun's dastardly behavior, Sun Ying planned a plan to kill Sun Jun in 254. However, it was leaked and Sun Ying was killed.

## References

1. ↑ 峻素無重名，驕矜險害，多所刑殺，百姓囂然。又姦亂宮人，與公主魯班私通。五鳳元年，**吳侯英**謀殺峻，**英**事洩死。
Chen Shou, Sanguozhi, Volume 64 (Sun Jun)
Moquihuix

**Moquihuix** was the Tlatoani of Tlateloco but died in a conflict with Axayacatl.

## Biography

Although he had once been friendly with Axayacatl, he soon decided to be aggressive towards him who was also pretty aggressive. Soon, they fought each other and while the Codex Mendoza claims he fled to the twin temples of Tlateloco and was forced to flung himself out of the altar for being a coward, others claim he fought Axayacatl hand-to-hand and was slain by him. Regardless, the twin temples burned. The Aztecs would then have Tlateloco as a vassal state until the Spanish took over both of them.

## Personality & Traits

The Codex Mendoza describes him as "powerful and haughty" but a coward once in battle, but it could be biased against him considering they describe the tlatoanis as benevolent and mighty guys.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Codex Mendoza, fol. 9v Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 The Essential Codex Mendoza, Volume 2; Volume 4 By Frances Berdan, Patricia Rieff Anawalt
3. ↑ Codex Mendoza, fol. 10r
Phriapatius

**Phriapatius**, also spelled Priapatius or Phriapites, was the third King of the Parthian Empire.

## Biography

Phriapatius was the grandnephew of Arsaces I and the grandson of Tiridates. Phriapatius succeeded Arsaces II in 191 BC.

He was succeeded by his son Phraates I in 176 BC.

## Family

* Sons
	+ Phraates I
	+ Mithradates I
	+ Artabanus I

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 http://www.parthia.com/phriapatius.htm
2. ↑ http://www.parthia.com/phraates1.htm
Emperor Duanzong of Song

He was the 17th leader of the Song Dynasty and the 8th emperor of the Song Dynasty. He was born in 10 July 1269 in the Song Dynasty. He died on 8 May 1278.

His father was Emperor Duzong and his mother was Consort Yang. He was the eldest of his two brothers Emperor Gong and Emperor Huaizong.

On the siege of Lin’an, Emperor Gong was willingly surrendered by his own adoptive grandmother and the remnants of the Song fled south with help. He became the new emperor but on March 1278, the Mongols broke through the defenses and they were forced to flee by sea. He sailed to Hong Kong with his loyalists and stayed there. Most likely either in the April or May of 1278, the Mongols found them again and they were forced to flee by sea in which a storm knocked over Duanzong and he became ill. He died and was succeeded by his younger brother Huaizong.
Wu Qian

吳潛

**Wu Qian**, courtesy name **Yifu**, was a minister during the Southern Song dynasty.

## Biography

He was from Ningguo, Xuan Province (now Ningguo, Xuancheng).

Wu Qian drew Emperor Lizong's ire when the Emperor asked him about his opinion about naming Zhao Qi as the heir but not only did Wu Qian refuse to give his opinion, he implied Emperor Lizong was illegitimate (he said, "I am not as capable as Shi Miyuan; the Prince of Zhong (Zhao Qi) is not as lucky as Your Majesty"). This had the Emperor extremely furious.

His actions were noted and eventually Jia Sidao used it to his opportunity, agreeing with Emperor Lizong which furthered his power. This would eventually spiral down for Wu Qian, not only did he eventually get demoted but Jia Sidao used his power to exile Wu Qian to the deep south.

Wu Qian knew he would die and said to people, "When I leave this world, there will surely be thunder and fierce winds that will be powerful." It came true and the storm ravaged until 2 o'clock that night. Afterwards, Wu Qian composed his will and also some poems and songs for good measure. He died sitting on a chair. It was recorded this occurred on the five month on the third year of the Jingding era, meaning his death occurred between May 20, 1262 and June 17, 1262. Some have claimed he was poisoned by Jia Sidao.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 潛預知死日，語人曰：「吾將逝矣，夜必雷風大作。」已而果然，四鼓開霽，撰遺表，作詩頌，端坐而逝。時景定三年五月也。

Song Shi 418 (宋史卷418)
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 吳潛字毅夫，宣州寧國人。

Song Shi 418 (宋史卷418)
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Wu Wenying and the Art of Southern Song Ci Poetry, Grace S. Fong, pg. 24
4. ↑ 屬將立度宗為太子，潛密奏云：「臣無彌遠之材，忠王無陛下之福。」帝怒潛，卒以炎論劾落職。

Song Shi 418 (宋史卷418)
5. ↑ 初，理宗在位久，儲宮尚虛，帝時在忠邸，欲立爲嗣，以問宰相吳潛，潛密奏云：「臣無彌遠之才，忠王無陛下之福。」理宗怒。似道聞之，因陳建儲之策，意在傾潛。

Jia Sidao craves power - History of the Song, the Beginning and the End (賈似道要君 - 宋史紀事本末)
Mithradates III

Available for 390.25$

**Mithradates III** ruled the Parthian Empire during a time of chaos. He was a son of Mithradates II.

## Biography

He was notable for helping out Philip I Philadelphus and arrested Demetrius III Eucaerus for him. On the other hand, Tigranes II of Armenia invaded Parthia and seized some of the lands. On April 11, 80, a claimant named Orodes I, claimed to be the King, and defeated Mithradates III in 80 BC, where it is likely that Mithradates III fled to the north and died in 79 BC.

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 https://www.livius.org/articles/person/arsaces-xiv-mithradates-iii/
2. ↑ https://www.ma-shops.com/linnartz/item.php?id=501278
3. ↑ http://www.classicalcoins.com/product2365.html
Vincent (Catan)

> "*You want to rob an honorable merchant such as I? How vile!*"
> ― Vincent
>
>

## Vincent

AI
--

Vincent is a AI and a playable character in Catan. Vincent likes to trade but won’t bother too easily. He robs the most powerful person in the game.

## Quotes:

### Building a settlement:

”From a trade point of view this is a excellent location for a settlement.”

”A new settlement looks like it would be very useful to me.”

”This seems to be a good place for a settlement.”

### When robbed:

“You want to rob an honorable merchant such as I? How vile!”

”Do you really want to ruin me!”
Moctezuma II

Made 20 years after his death, a Conquistador said it was accurate.

**Moctezuma II**, was the ninth ruler of Tenochtitlan but the 6th ruler of the Aztec Empire.

## Biography

Not much is known about him until the Spanish Conquest besides he succeeded Ahuitzotl and actually expanded the Aztec Empire before the Spanish arrived expanding it to the maximum extent.

### Spanish

He at first greeted Hernán Cortés (they thought they were gods), but Hernán wanted gold and so Hernán attacked and took Moctezuma II and prisoner. The Aztecs fought fiercely so Hernán Cortés retreated. The Spanish attacked again but with allies so they lost. He died in 1520 after trying to tell people to stop attacking but they did not listen and stoned Moctezuma. His brother succeeded Moctezuma II after he died and put up a good resistance. Moctezuma II will live on as a indecisive person.
John Fields

I just woke up to fields with the night moon shining on me. I travel west to find horrifying creatures. I almost died in that encounter. I refer to as the Stalkers. I have no idea if they are out there this night.

Bad news! I found them again but in my house. I ran so fast I almost fainted but I survived. I don't know what these creatures want from me.

I didn't see my friend in days but I think I know why... He was found in a trap with him pierced in spikes. And looming over him was the creature. I was horrifed. I found on my kitchen table ‘You're next’. I ran out there as fast as possible but I tripped but I escaped. I'm in a room with the door locked so I might survive!

The stalkers is banging aganist the door! Goodbye family!
Shaoxi Inner Coup

紹熙內禪

Outcome| * Abdication of Zhao Dun.
* Ascension of Zhao Kuo.

> "*Why didn't you let me know beforehand [that you dethroned me]?*"
> ― Zhao Dun
>
>

**The Shaoxi Inner Coup** was an event in which The Emperor, Zhao Dun, was deposed by Zhao Ruyu for his lack of filial piety towards his father Zhao Shen when he died.

## Prelude

### The Seeds

Li Fengniang had been toying around with Zhao Dun's relationship with Zhao Shen and gradually making them grow distant. Zhao Dun avoided Zhao Shen to the extent that if Zhao Shen's palace was in the way in a route, Zhao Dun would avoid it completely. Zhao Dun even feared visiting his father.

### The Blow

Around March 1194, Zhao Shen became ill. Zhao Ruyu wanted Zhao Dun to at least visit his father but Li Fengniang persuaded him not to and so Zhao Dun rejected it. As Zhao Shen's illness got worse, the same cycle (i.e. Zhao Ruyu asking Zhao Dun to visit Zhao Shen) kept on happening and eventually, when it was reported Zhao Shen was on his deathbed, his request was to see Zhao Dun. Zhao Ruyu and the Court Officials tugged at Zhao Dun and he agreed to go for once, but Li Fengniang popped into the scene and probably told that Zhao Shen's illness was a feign and that he would punish Zhao Dun if he went so Zhao Dun said no and stayed in the palace. When Zhao Shen died and Zhao Dun got the reports that Zhao Shen died, he thought it was simply false.
Nepotian

### Names

Flavius Julius Popilius Nepotianus ConstantinusImperator Caesar Flavius Julius Popilius Nepotianus Constantinus Augustus

**Nepotian** (d. 30 June 350) was a cousin of Constantius II who seized Rome from the usurper Magnentius.

He was a maternal nephew of Constantine I. He must've been born around 325 as he was spared from the massacre of his older relatives who were a threat to Constantius II's power.

The citizens of Rome accepted him as their Emperor once hearing of Constans' demise. One of the things were probably did first was make coins in order to appease his army of gladiators. He also killed many sympathizers of Magnentius. His coins depict him as a relative of Constantius II in order to gain legitimacy, but this all failed when Magnentius brought an army and killed Nepotian.

## Personality & Traits

He is depicted with a beard on his coins. He also attempted to use his family's dynastic status to garner support, but ultimately failed.

## Reference

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 http://dirtyoldbooks.com/roman/id/Coins-of-Roman-Emperor-Nepotian.htm
2. ↑ https://www.romancoinshop.com/en/nepotian-very-rare-usurper/
3. ↑ https://www.armstrongeconomics.com/research/monetary-history-of-the-world/roman-empire/chronology\_-by\_-emperor/era-of-christianity/nepotian-350-ad/
Zhao Xili

趙希瓐

**Zhao Xili** (d. 1212) was the father of Zhao Yun and Zhao Yurui. Not much is known about him.

## Biography

Allegedly, Zhao Xili and his family saw a visitor wearing purple garments and a golden hat three days before his son Zhao Yun's birth. After Zhao Yun was born, Zhao Xili and his family heard the footsteps of horses and carriages outside and checked outside to see nothing.

## References

1. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=sEvQbGpqQG0C&pg=PA409&dq=Chao+Hsi-lu&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks\_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjX9sPApKjoAhUhSN8KHZZdCAIQ6AEwAHoECAEQAg#v=onepage&q=Chao%20Hsi-lu&f=false
2. ↑ 既誕三日，家人聞戶外車馬聲，亟出，無所睹。幼嘗晝寢，人忽見身隱隱如龍鱗。

Toqto'a & others, Songshi, Volume 41 (Annals of Lizong)
3. ↑ https://kknews.cc/history/p5oe9m8.html
Willie277 Wiki

Your favorite **unsourced** encyclopedia!! No seriously, don't trust this site for your history exams.

When it says 'may not be accurate' for a quote, it's not accurate. I just made it up.

**Puyang Xing** (d. 9 December 264), courtesy name **Ziyuan**, was a high-ranking politician in Wu.
He was very close with Sun Xiu and raised Sun Hao to the throne after the former's death, but the latter killed him. (**Full article...**)
Fictionpedia/Emperor Gaozu of Jing

## Emperor Gaozu of Jing

景高祖

**Emperor Gaozu of Jing** (March 23, 226 - April 17, 282), personal name **Shi Yaolie**, was Emperor and Founder of the Jing dynasty.

## Early life

He was born into a peasant family on March 23, 226, as the son of Shi Handi (史汗第). His father died on 14 February 228, and Shi Handi's mother abandoned him and married another man, though Shi Yaolie's first cousin Shi Yusao (史雨掃) lived with him.
Moctezuma I

His father was Huitzilihuitl. He was the fifth ruler of Tenochtitlan and the second ruler of the Aztec Empire. He succeeded his uncle Itzcoatl after he died in a election by the nobles. His coronation was a big event, many nobles there died. One of the first things he did is cement an alliance with two neighboring city-states named Texcoco and Tlacopan. Moctezuma I and the ruler of Texcoco worked on a project that brought fresh water to the city-states and it worked. He led a attack against Oaxaca and succeeded. He attacked many other city-states and succeeded. This brought the Aztec Empire out of the Valley of Mexico. Unfortunately, not all was well. There were many natural disasters. There was a famine too so Moctezuma led a war to appease the gods called the ‘Flower Wars’ which lasted it until the Spanish conquered the Aztecs. He launched a attack aganist the Mixtecs and succeeded. The Mixtecs paid big tributes. He had a daughter named Atotoztil II who married Tezozomoc. He died in 1469 and so his grandson Axayacatl succeeded him.
Arsaces XVI

Sold for $13,500!!!

The so-claimed **Arsaces XVI** (fl. 75 - 60 BC) ruled the Parthian Empire during a time of turmoil. He appears to have controlled Seleucia. Arsaces started his claim to the Throne in 77 BC, and usurped the throne from Orodes I by 75 BC and possibly killed him. He ruled for 13 years before getting kicked out by Phraates III.

## Biography

Funny enough, we know a lot about Arsaces XVI.

He appears to have taken the title of King and defeated, expelled (and possibly killed) Orodes I from the throne by 75 BC, as Orodes I's coins no longer appear, but Arsaces'. He appears to be a competent leader, as he dealt with a situation in Armenia successfully, even gaining lands for himself. He was unable to fend himself to Phraates III and was expelled by him. It's unknown what happened to Arsaces.

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 https://www.goldbergcoins.com/view-auctions/catalog/id/39/lot/84564/
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 https://www.livius.org/articles/person/arsaces-xvi/
Vologases III

Sold at an auction

> "*Everywhere I look, I see my relatives dancing on **my** throne!*"
> ― Vologases III (may not be accurate)
>
>

**Vologases III**, actually the **second legitimate Vologases** to sit on the Parthian throne, was a Parthian King.

His 37 to 42 year long reign was marked with civil war, with Osroes I seizing the western part of Vologases' empire.
The Survival

I was hanging out with my deceased friends John, Doe, Hank, Fred, Kal, and of course Mark. We also brought some strangers too. About 2 strangers I think. The were hiking with us. We were camping having a good time before we knew some of our food was missing. We asked everyone but they said no. I knew something was wrong and alerted some other campers who I refer to Camp Beta who joined us. They are alive miraculously. We were Camp Alpha by the way. We stayed together and everything was normal... for a week. One of the two campers were missing when we were awake. We hiked while the other camper panicked and got shot. We panicked. We ran until the guy ran out of bullets. One of the bullets said ”property of Va”. We were freaked out as we knew it was Za’s brother.