Early Alphabetic Inscriptions

## Corpus

Wadi el-Ḥol

Serabit el-Khadem

Theban Tomb 99

Khirbet Qeiyafa Inscriptions

Gezer Calendar

Tel Zayit Inscription

Izbet Ṣarteh

Jerusalem Pithos Ostracon

Jaffa Ostracon

Tel es-Safi

Kuntillet ʿAjrud 1.1-1.2

Lachish Jar Inscription

Inscribed Arrowheads

## Bibliography

Albright, "The Gezer Calendar." BASOR 92 (1943): 16-26.

Albright, The Proto-Sinaitic Inscriptions and their Deceipherment (1966).

Byrne, “The Refuge of Scribalism”, 1-31.

Colless, "The Proto-alphabetic Inscriptions of Sinai", Abr-Nahrain, 28 (1990), pp. 1-52.

Cross, “Alphabets and Pots: Reflections on typological method in the dating of human artifacts.”

Cross, F. M. “Newly Found Inscriptions in Old Canaanite and Early Phoenician Scripts,” BASOR 238 (1980), 1–20.\

J. Darnell, et. al., Two Early Alphabetic Inscriptions from Wadi el-Hôl: New Evidence for the Origin of the Alphabet from the Western Desert of Egypt (AASOR 59/2, 2005); Colless, “Wadi el-Hol Proto-Alphabetic Inscription,” http://cryptcracker.blogspot.com/2009/12/wadi-el-hol-protoalphabetic.html.

Demsky, “An Iron Age IIA Alphabetic Writing Exercise from Khirbet Qeiyafa.”

Demsky, "A Proto-Canaanite Abecedary Dating from the Period of the Judges and Its Implications for the History of the Alphabet." Tel Aviv 4 (1977): 14-27.

O. Goldwasser, “Canaanites Reading Hieroglyphs. Part I–Horus is Hathor? Part II–The Invention of the Alphabet in Sinai,” Ägypten und Levante XVI (2006), 121-160.

Hamilton, “W. F. Albright and Early Alphabetic Epigraphy”; Hamilton, 2006.

B. Haring, "Halaḥam on an Ostracon of the Early New Kingdom?" JNES 75 (2015): 189-96.

Koller, “The Diffusion of the Alphabet in the Second Millennium BCE: On the Movements of Scribal Ideas from Egypt to the Levant, Mesopotamia, and Yemen,” Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections 20 (2018), 1-14.

Mazar, Ben-Shlomo, Aḥituv, “An Inscribe Pithos from the Ophel, Jerusalem.” IEJ 63 (2013), 39-49.

Meshel, Kuntillet ‘Ajrud (IES, 2012).

Milik and Cross, BASOR 134 (1954), 5-15.

Misgav, Garfinkel, Ganor, "The Ostracon," in Khirbet Qeiyafa, Vol. 1: Excavation Report 2007–2008 (Jerusalem, 2009). pp. 243–257.

Naveh, The Early History of the Alphabet, pp. 1-124.

Puech, "L’ostracon de Khirbet Qeiyafa et les débuts de la royauté en Israël,” Revue Biblique 117 (2010): 162–184.

Rollston, "The Khirbet Qeiyafa Ostracon: Methodological Musings and Caveats," Tel Aviv: Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University 38 (2011): 67–82.

Rollston, "The Phoenician Script of the Tel Zayit Abecedary and Putative Evidence for Israelite Literacy," in Literate Culture and Tenth-Century Canaan: The Tel Zayit Abecedary in Context, pp. 61-96 (Eisenbrauns, 2008).

Rollston, “Prolegomenon to the Study of Northwest Semitic Paleography and Epigraphy.”

Sass, “The Khirbet Qeiyafa Ostracon in its Setting,” in Khirbet Qeiyafa in the Shephelah, Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis, 282 (Fribourg, 2017), 87-111.

Sass, Garfinkel, Hasel, Klingbeil, “The Lachish Jar Sherd: An Early Alphabetic Inscription Discovered in 2014.”

T. Schneider, “A Double Abecedary? Halaḥam and ʾAbgad on the TT99 Ostracon”; S. Wimmer, “A Proto-Sinaitic Inscription in Timna/Israel: New Evidence on the Emergence of the Alphabet,” Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections 2 (2010), 1-12.

Schniedewind, “The Gezer Calendar as an Adaptation of the Mesopotamian Lexical Tradition (Ura 1),” Semitica 2019.

Schniedewind, “Problems in the Paleographic Dating of Inscriptions.”

Sivan, “The Gezer Calendar and NWS Linguistics.”

Vayntrub, “‘Observe Due Measure’: The Gezer Inscription and Dividing a Trip Around the Sun,” 191-207.

Zuckerman, “Pots and Alphabets: Refractions of Reflections on Typological Method.”