recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Palm Cockatoo

The **palm cockatoo** (*Probosciger aterrimus*), also known as the **goliath cockatoo** or **great black cockatoo**, is a large smoky-grey or black parrot of the cockatoo family native to New Guinea, Aru Islands, and Cape York Peninsula. It has a very large black beak and prominent red cheek patches.
Narwhal

The **narwhal** (*Monodon monoceros*), or **narwhale**, is a medium-sized toothed whale that possesses a large "tusk" from a protruding canine tooth. It lives year-round in the Arctic waters around Greenland, Canada, and Russia. It is one of two living species of whale in the family Monodontidae, along with the beluga whale.
Raccoon Dog

The **raccoon dog** (*Nyctereutes procyonoides*, from the Greek words nukt-, "night" + ereutēs, "wanderer" + prokuōn, "before-dog" + -oidēs, "similar to"), also known as the **mangut**, **tanuki** or **neoguri**, is a canid indigenous to East Asia. It is the only extant species in the genus *Nyctereutes*. Despite its name, its closest relatives are true foxes.
Rainbow Lorikeet

The rainbow lorikeet is a species of parrot found in Australia. It is common along the eastern seaboard, from northern Queensland to South Australia. Its habitat is rainforest, coastal bush and woodland areas. Several taxa traditionally listed as subspecies of the rainbow lorikeet are now treated as separate species.
Savannah

A **savannah** or **savanna** is a mixed woodland-grassland ecosystem characterised by the trees being sufficiently widely spaced so that the canopy does not close. The open canopy allows sufficient light to reach the ground to support an unbroken herbaceous layer consisting primarily of grasses.

## List of Animals

* Aardvark (*Oryctus afer*)
* African Bush Elephant (*Loxodonta africana*)
* African Cape Buffall (*Scynecerus caffer caffer*)
* African Lion (*Panthera leo*)
* African Leopard (*Panthera pardus*)
* Bat-eared Fox
* Black-Backed Jackal
* Black-Necked Spitting Cobra
* Banded Mongoose
* Black Rhinoceros (*Diceros bicornis*)
* Blue Wildebeest (*Connochates taurinus*)
* Brown Hyena
* Black Wildebeest (*Connochaetes gnou*)
* Cheetah (*Acinonyx jubatas*)
* Common Eland
* Common Hippopotamus (*Hippopotamus amphibius*)
* Common Ostrich (*Struthio camelus*)
* Common Warthog (*Phachoerus africanus*)
* Desert Warthog
* Greater Kudu
* Greater Flamingo
* Giraffe (*Giraffa camelopardalis*)
* Klipspringer
* Leopard Tortoise
* Meerkat
* Marabou Stork
* Nile Crocodile
* Nile Monitor
* Plains Zebra (*Equus quagga*)
* Somali Ostrich
* Scrub Hare
* White Rhinoceros
Vulturine Guineafowl

The **vulturine guineafowl** (*Acryllium vulturinum*) is the largest extant species of guineafowl. Systematically, it is only distantly related to other guineafowl genera. Its closest living relative, the white breasted guineafowl, *Agelastes meleagrides* inhabit primary forests in Central Africa. It is a member of the bird family Numididae, and is the only member of the genus *Acryllium*. It is a resident breeder in northeast Africa, from southern Ethiopia through Kenya and just into northern Tanzania.
Ocelot

The ocelot is a small wild cat native to the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central and South America. This medium-sized cat is characterized by solid black spots and streaks on its coat, round ears, and white neck and undersides. It weighs between 8 and 15.5 kg and reaches 40–50 cm at the shoulders.
Secretary Bird

The **secretary bird** or **secretarybird** (*Sagittarius serpentarius*) is a large, mostly terrestrial bird of prey. Endemic to Africa, it is usually found in the open grasslands and savannah of the sub-Saharan region. John Frederick Miller described the species in 1779. Although a member of the order Accipitriformes, which also includes many other diurnal raptors such as kites, hawks, vultures, and harriers, it is placed in its own family, Sagittariidae. The secretary bird is instantly recognizable as a very large bird with an eagle-like body on crane-like legs which increases the bird's height to as much as 1.3 m (4.3 ft) tall. Adults have a featherless red-orange face and predominantly grey plumage, with a flattened dark crest and black flight feathers and thighs.
Siamang

The **siamang** (*Symphalangus syndactylus*) is an arboreal black-furred gibbon native to the forests of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. The largest of the gibbons, the siamang can be twice the size of other gibbons, reaching 1 m in height, and weighing up to 14 kg. The siamang is the only species in the genus *Symphalangus*.
South African Springhare

The **South African springhare** (*Pedetes capensis*), or ***springhaas*** in Afrikaans, is not actually a hare, but a rodent. It is one of two living species in the genus *Pedetes*, and is native to southern Africa. Formerly, the genus was considered monotypic and the East African springhare (*P. surdaster*) was included in *P. capensis*. Though the species look alike at a casual glance, scientific study can easily determine which is which.
Whale Shark

The **whale shark** (*Rhincodon typus*) is a slow-moving, filter-feeding carpet shark and the largest known extant fish species. The largest confirmed individual had a length of 18.8 m (62 ft) The whale shark holds many records for size in the animal kingdom, most notably being by far the largest living nonmammalian vertebrate. It is the sole member of the genus *Rhincodon* and the only extant member of the family Rhincodontidae, which belongs to the subclass Elasmobranchii in the class Chondrichthyes. Before 1984 it was classified as *Rhiniodon* into Rhinodontidae.

## Behavior

Whale sharks are generally solitary creatures. However, groups of whale sharks are seen seasonally at certain sites during plankton blooms or mass coral spawnings, such as those that occur off Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia, in March to May. They are slow swimmers at speeds of no more than 5 kph.

## Did You Know?

* Whale sharks are one of the only harmless sharks next to dog sharks, that means whale sharks only eat plankton. They don't eat fish or people.
* Whale Sharks have poor eyesight and bad vision.
* Whale sharks are usally blue or grey in color.
Snowy Owl

The **snowy owl** (*Bubo scandiacus*) is a large, white owl of the true owl family. Snowy owls are native to Arctic regions in North America and the Palearctic. Males are almost all white, while females have more flecks of black plumage. Juvenile snowy owls have black feathers until they turn white.
Swamp Wallaby

The **swamp wallaby** (*Wallabia bicolor*) is a small macropod marsupial of eastern Australia. This wallaby is also commonly known as the **black wallaby**, with other names including **black-tailed wallaby**, **fern wallaby**, **black pademelon**, **stinker**, and **black stinker** on account of its characteristic swampy odour.
Sumatran Rhinoceros

The **Sumatran rhinoceros**, also known as the **hairy rhinoceros** or **Asian two-horned rhinoceros** (*Dicerorhinus sumatrensis*), is a rare member of the family Rhinocerotidae and one of five extant species of rhinoceros. It is the only extant species of the genus *Dicerorhinus*. It is the smallest rhinoceros, although it is still a large mammal; it stands 112–145 cm (3.67–4.76 ft) high at the shoulder, with a head-and-body length of 2.36–3.18 m (7.7–10.4 ft) and a tail of 35–70 cm (14–28 in). The weight is reported to range from 500 to 1,000 kg (1,100 to 2,200 lb), averaging 700–800 kg (1,540–1,760 lb), although there is a single record of a 2,000 kg (4,410 lb) specimen. Like both African species, it has two horns; the larger is the nasal horn, typically 15–25 cm (5.9–9.8 in), while the other horn is typically a stub. A coat of reddish-brown hair covers most of the Sumatran rhino's body.

## Did You Know?

* Sumatran rhinoceroses are closest living relative to the woolly rhinoceros.
Ophthalmosaurus

***Ophthalmosaurus*** is an ichthyosaur of the Middle Jurassic period, named for its extremely large eyes. It had a graceful 6 m long dolphin-shaped body, and its almost toothless jaw was well adapted for catching squid. Major fossil finds of this genus have been recorded in Europe and North and South America.
Wild Goat

The **wild goat** (*Capra aegagrus*) is a wild goat species, inhabiting forests, shrublands and rocky areas ranging from Turkey and the Caucasus in the west to Turkmenistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan in the east. It has been listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 1996 and is threatened by destruction and degradation of habitat.
Spectacled Bear

The **spectacled bear** (*Tremarctos ornatus*), also known as the **Andean bear**, **Andean short-faced bear**, or **mountain bear** and locally as *jukumari* (Aymara and Quechua[2]), *ukumari* (Quechua) or *ukuku*, is the last remaining short-faced bear (subfamily Tremarctinae). Its closest relatives are the extinct Florida spectacled bear,[3] and the giant short-faced bears of the Middle to Late Pleistocene age (*Arctodus* and Arctotherium). Spectacled bears are the only surviving species of bear native to South America, and the only surviving member of the subfamily Tremarctinae. The species is classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN because of habitat loss.
Tibetan Antelope

The **Tibetan antelope** or **chiru** (*Pantholops hodgsonii*) (Tibetan: གཙོད་, Wylie: gtsod, Chinese: 藏羚羊; pinyin: zànglíngyáng) is a medium-sized bovid native to the Tibetan plateau. Fewer than 150,000 mature individuals are left in the wild, but the population is currently thought to be increasing. In 1980s and 1990s, they had become endangered due to massive illegal poaching. They are hunted for their extremely soft, light and warm underfur which is usually obtained after death. This underfur, known as shahtoosh (a Persian word meaning "king of fine wools"), is used to weave luxury shawls. Shahtoosh shawls were traditionally given as wedding gifts in India and it takes the underfur of 3-5 adult antelopes to make one shawl. Despite strict controls on trade of shahtoosh products and CITES listing, there is still demand for these luxury items. Within India, shawls are worth $1,000-$5,000, internationally the price can reach as high as $20,000.
Rainforest

**Rainforests** are forests characterized by high and continuous rainfall, with annual rainfall in the case of tropical rainforests between 2.5 and 4.5 metres and definitions varying by region for temperate rainforests.

## List of Animals

* African Grey Parrot
* African Forest Elephant (*Loxodonta cyclotis*)
* African Forest Buffalo (*Scynecerus caffer nanus*)
* Asian Elephant (*Elephas maximus*)
* Asian Small Clawed Otter (*Aonyx cinerus*)
* Asian Black Bear
* Bengal Tiger (*Panthera tigris tigris*)
* Bongo
* Bornean Orangutan (*Pongo pygmeus*)
* Bornean Bearded Pig
* Brown-throated Sloth
* Blue-and-gold Macaw
* Baird's Tapir
* Bonobo
* Black Caiman
* Boa Constrictor
* Capybara
* Crocodile Monitor
* Chinese Pangolin
* Chinese Alligator
* Clouded Leopard
* Common Chimpanzee
* Eastern Gorilla
* Emerald Tree Boa
* Giant Anteater
* Green Anaconda
* Giant Panda (*Alirmopoda melanouca*)
* Green Tree Python
* Giant Otter
* Hoffmann's Two-toed Sloth
* Hyacinth Macaw
* Indian Peafowl
* Jaguar (*Panthera onca*)
* Javan Rusa
* Javan Rhinoceros
* Komodo Dragon (*Varanus komodensis*)
* Mantled Guereza
* Malayan Tapir
* Malayan Tiger
* Ocelot
* Okapi
* Pygmy Hippopotamus
* Red-bellied Piranha
* Red-eyed Tree Frog
* Red River Hog
* Red-rumped Agouti
* Red Panda
* Scarlet Macaw
* Sloth Bear
* Sumatran Orangutan
* Sumatran Rhinoceros
* Sumatran Tiger
* Sun Bear
* Tufted Capuchin
* White-Lipped Peccary
* White-faced Saki
* Western Gorilla
* West African Crocodile
* White-Headed Capuchin
* White Tiger
* Yellow Anaconda

## List of Plants

* Palm Tree
* Durian
Vaquita

The ***vaquita*** (*Phocoena sinus*) is a species of porpoise endemic to the northern part of the Gulf of California that is on the brink of extinction. Based on beached skulls found in 1950 and 1951, the scientific description of the species was published in 1958. The word vaquita is Spanish for "little cow".
Sperm Whale

The **sperm whale** (*Physeter macrocephalus*) or **cachalot** is the largest of the toothed whales and the largest toothed predator. It is the only living member of the genus *Physeter* and one of three extant species in the sperm whale family, along with the pygmy sperm whale and dwarf sperm whale of the genus *Kogia*.
Yeti Crab

*Kiwa hirsuta* is a crustacean discovered in 2005 in the South Pacific Ocean. This decapod, which is approximately 15 cm (5.9 in) long, is notable for the quantity of silky blond setae (resembling fur) covering its pereiopods (thoracic legs, including claws). Its discoverers dubbed it the "**yeti crab**" or "**yeti lobster**".
Virginia Opossum

The **Virginia opossum** (*Didelphis virginiana*), commonly known as the **North American opossum**, is the only marsupial found north of Mexico. In the United States, the animal is typically referred to simply as a possum. It is a solitary and nocturnal animal about the size of a domestic cat. It is a successful opportunist.
Venezuelan Red Howler

The **Venezuelan red howler** (*Alouatta seniculus*) is a South American species of howler monkey, a type of New World monkey, found in the western Amazon Basin in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Brazil. The population in the Santa Cruz Department in Bolivia was split off as a separate species, the Bolivian red howler, in 1986, and more recently, splitting off the population in northeastern South America and Trinidad as the Guyanan red howler has occurred.[1] All howler monkeys belong to the family Atelidae and the infraorder Platyrrhini (New World monkeys).
Woolly Mammoth

Woolly mammoths lived during the last ice age, and they may have died off when the weather became warmer and their food supply changed. Humans may also be partly responsible for their disappearance due to hunting. Although the word “mammoth” has come to mean “huge,” woolly mammoths were probably about the size of African Elephants. The males were about 2.7 and 3.4 m tall and weighed 6 metric tons. Mammoths were herbivores and ate mostly grass, but also ate other types of plants and flowers. Their tusks were very long, about 5 meters, and were used for fighting and digging in the deep snow.
Smooth-coated Otter

The smooth-coated otter is an otter species occurring in most of the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, with a disjunct population in Iraq. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 1996 and is threatened by habitat loss, pollution of wetlands and poaching for the illegal wildlife trade.
Wyvern

A wyvern is a legendary bipedal dragon with a tail often ending in a diamond- or arrow-shaped tip. The wyvern in its various forms is important to heraldry, frequently appearing as a mascot of schools and athletic teams. It is a popular creature in European literature, video games, and modern fantasy.
Steppe Bison

The **steppe bison** or **steppe wisent** (*Bison priscus*) is an extinct species of bison that was once found on the mammoth steppe where its range included Europe, Central Asia, Northern to Northeastern Asia, Beringia, and North America, from northwest Canada to Mexico during the Quaternary. The radiocarbon dating of a steppe bison skeleton indicates that it was present 5,400 years ago in Alaska. Three chronological subspecies, *Bison priscus priscus*, *Bison priscus mediator*, and *Bison priscus gigas*, have been suggested.
Snowy Egret

The snowy egret is a small white heron. The genus name comes from the Provençal French for the little egret aigrette, a diminutive of aigron, "heron". The species name thula is the Araucano for the black-necked swan, applied to this species in error by Chilean naturalist Juan Ignacio Molina in 1782.
White-bellied Sea Eagle

The white-bellied sea eagle, also known as the white-breasted sea eagle, is a large diurnal bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. Originally described by Johann Friedrich Gmelin in 1788, it is closely related to Sanford's sea eagle of the Solomon Islands, and the two are considered a superspecies.
Southern Ground Hornbill

The southern ground hornbill, is one of two species of ground hornbill, which are both found solely within Africa, and is the largest species of hornbill worldwide. It can be found in the southern regions of Africa, ranging from Kenya to South Africa. Within these regions, they inhabit both woodlands and savannas.
Wetlands

A **wetland** is a distinct ecosystem that is flooded by water, either permanently or seasonally, where oxygen-free processes prevail. The primary factor that distinguishes wetlands from other land forms or water bodies is the characteristic vegetation of aquatic plants, adapted to the unique hydric soil.
Spotted Turtle

The spotted turtle, the only species of the genus Clemmys, is a small, semi-aquatic turtle that reaches a carapace length of 8–12 cm upon adulthood. Their broad, smooth, low dark-colored upper shell, or carapace, ranges in its exact colour from black to a bluish black with a number of tiny yellow round spots.
Yellow-lipped Sea Krait

The **yellow-lipped sea krait** (*Laticauda colubrina*), also known as the **banded sea krait**, **colubrine sea krait**, is a species of venomous sea snake found in tropical Indo-Pacific oceanic waters. The snake has distinctive black stripes and a yellow snout, with a paddle-like tail for use in swimming.
Tibetan Sand Fox

The Tibetan sand fox is a species of true fox endemic to the high Tibetan Plateau, Ladakh plateau, Nepal, China, Sikkim, and Bhutan, up to altitudes of about 5,300 m. It is listed as Least Concern in the IUCN Red List, on account of its widespread range in the Tibetan Plateau's steppes and semi-deserts.
Tiger Oscar

The oscar is a species of fish from the cichlid family known under a variety of common names, including tiger oscar, velvet cichlid, and marble cichlid. In tropical South America, where the species naturally resides, A. ocellatus specimens are often found for sale as a food fish in the local markets.
Zorilla

The **zorilla** (*Ictonyx striatus*) - also called the zorille, zoril, striped polecat, African polecat, Cape polecat, and African skunk - is a member of the family Mustelidae that resembles a skunk (of the family Mephitidae). The name "zorilla" comes from the word "zorro", which in Spanish means "fox". It lives predominantly in dry and arid climates, such as the savannahs and open country of Central, Southern, and sub-Saharan Africa, excluding the Congo basin and the more coastal areas of West Africa.
Toco Toucan

The **toco toucan** (*Ramphastos toco*), also known as the **common toucan** or **giant toucan**, is the largest and probably the best known species in the toucan family. It is found in semi-open habitats throughout a large part of central and eastern South America. It is a common attraction in zoos.
Wood Mouse

The wood mouse is a murid rodent native to Europe and northwestern Africa. It is closely related to the yellow-necked mouse but differs in that it has no band of yellow fur around the neck, has slightly smaller ears, and is usually slightly smaller overall: around 90 mm in length and 23 g in weight.
Weddell Seal

The **Weddell seal** (*Leptonychotes weddellii*) is a relatively large and abundant true seal (family: *Phocidae*) with a circumpolar distribution surrounding Antarctica. The Weddell seal was discovered and named in the 1820s during expeditions led by British sealing captain James Weddell to the area of the Southern Ocean now known as the Weddell Sea.
Takin

The **takin** (/ˈtɑːkɪn/; *Budorcas taxicolor*; Tibetan: ར་རྒྱ་, Wylie: *ra rgya*), also called **cattle chamois** or **gnu goat**, is a large species of ungulate of the subfamily Caprinae found in the eastern Himalayas. The four subspecies are the Mishmi takin (*B. t. taxicolor*), the golden takin (*B. t. bedfordi*), the Tibetan (or Sichuan) takin (*B. t. tibetana*), and the Bhutan takin (B. t. whitei).
South American Tapir

The **South American tapir** (*Tapirus terrestris*), also commonly called the **Brazilian tapir** (from the Tupi *tapi'ira*), the **Amazonian tapir**, the **maned tapir**, the **lowland tapir**, in Portuguese ***anta***, and in mixed Quechua and Spanish sachavaca (literally "bushcow"), is one of the four widely recognized species in the tapir family, along with the mountain tapir, the Malayan tapir, and Baird's tapir. The South American tapir is the largest surviving native terrestrial mammal in the Amazon.
Yellow-bellied Sea Snake

The yellow-bellied sea snake is a venomous species of snake from the subfamily Hydrophiinae found in tropical oceanic waters around the world except for the Atlantic Ocean. For many years, it was placed in the monotypic genus Pelamis, but recent molecular evidence indicates it lies within the genus Hydrophis.
Taiga

**Taiga**, generally referred to in North America as **boreal forest** or **snow forest**, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces, and larches. The taiga or boreal forest is the world's largest land biome.

## List of Animals

* Amur Tiger (*Panthera tigris alatica*)
* Brown Bear (*Ursus actros*)
* Grey Wolf (*Canis lupus*)
* Siberian Musk Deer
Southern Tamandua

The **southern tamandua** (*Tamandua tetradactyla*), also called the **collared anteater** or **lesser anteater**, is a species of anteater from South America. It is a solitary animal, found in many habitats from mature to highly disturbed secondary forests and arid savannas. It feeds on ants, termites, and bees.
Titan Triggerfish

The titan triggerfish, giant triggerfish or moustache triggerfish is a large species of triggerfish found in lagoons and at reefs to depths of 50 m in most of the Indo-Pacific, though it is absent from Hawaii. With a length of up to 75 centimetres, it is the largest species of triggerfish in its range.
Spectacled Caiman

The **spectacled caiman** (*Caiman crocodilus*), also known as the **white caiman**, **common caiman**, and speckled caiman, is a crocodilian in the family Alligatoridae. It is brownish-, greenish-, or yellowish-gray colored and has a spectacle-like ridge between its eyes, which is where its common name come from.
Sun Bear

The **sun bear** (*Helarctos malayanus*) is a bear species occurring in tropical forest habitats of Southeast Asia. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. The global population is thought to have declined by more than 30% over the past three bear generations. Suitable habitat has been dramatically reduced due to the large-scale deforestation that has occurred throughout Southeast Asia over the past three decades.
Tomato Clownfish

The **tomato clownfish** (*Amphiprion frenatus*) is a species of marine fish in the family Pomacentridae, the clownfishes and damselfishes. It is native to the waters of the Western Pacific, from the Japan to Indonesia. Other common names include **blackback anemonefish**, **bridled anemonefish**, **fire clown**, and **red tomato clown**.
Tarpan

The **tarpan** (*Equus ferus ferus*), also known as **Eurasian wild horse**, was a subspecies of wild horse. It is now extinct. The last individual believed to be of this subspecies died in captivity in the Russian Empire during 1909, although some sources claim that it was not a genuine wild horse due to its resemblance to domesticated horses.
Tayra

The tayra is an omnivorous animal from the weasel family, native to the Americas. It is the only species in the genus Eira. Tayras are also known as the tolomuco or perico ligero in Central America, motete in Honduras, irara in Brazil, san hol or viejo de monte in the Yucatan Peninsula, and high-woods dog in Trinidad.
Spectral Bat

The **spectral bat** (*Vampyrum spectrum*), also called the **great false vampire bat** or **Linnaeus's false vampire bat**, is a large, carnivorous leaf-nosed bat found in Mexico, Central America, and South America. It is the only member of the genus Vampyrum; its closest living relative is the big-eared woolly bat.
West Indian Ocean Coelacanth

The **West Indian Ocean coelacanth** (*Latimeria chalumnae*), sometimes known as **gombessa**, **African coelacanth**, or simply **coelacanth**, is one of two extant species of coelacanth, a rare order of vertebrates more closely related to lungfish, amphibians, reptiles and mammals than to the common ray-finned fishes.
Whooping Crane

The **whooping crane** (*Grus americana*), the tallest North American bird, is an endangered crane species named for its whooping sound. Along with the sandhill crane, it is one of only two crane species found in North America. The whooping crane's lifespan is estimated to be 22 to 24 years in the wild.
Spotted Hyena

The **spotted hyena** (*Crocuta crocuta*), also known as the **laughing hyena**, is a hyena species, currently classed as the sole extant member of the genus Crocuta, native to Sub-Saharan Africa. It is listed as being of least concern by the IUCN on account of its widespread range and large numbers estimated between 27,000 and 47,000 individuals. The species is, however, experiencing declines outside of protected areas due to habitat loss and poaching. The species may have originated in Asia, and once ranged throughout Europe for at least one million years until the end of the Late Pleistocene. The spotted hyena is the largest known member of the Hyaenidae, and is further physically distinguished from other species by its vaguely bear-like build, its rounded ears, its less prominent mane, its spotted pelt, its more dual purposed dentition, its fewer nipples and the presence of a pseudo-penis in the female. It is the only mammalian species to lack an external vaginal opening.
Snow Leopard

The **snow leopard** (*Panthera uncia*), also known as the **ounce**, is a large cat native to the mountain ranges of Central and South Asia. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List because the global population is estimated to number less than 10,000 mature individuals and is expected to decline about 10% by 2040. It is threatened by poaching and habitat destruction following infrastructural developments.[1] It inhabits alpine and subalpine zones at elevations from 3,000 to 4,500 m (9,800 to 14,800 ft), ranging from eastern Afghanistan to Mongolia and western China. In the northern range countries, it also occurs at lower elevations.
Vervet

The vervet monkey, or simply vervet, is an Old World monkey of the family Cercopithecidae native to Africa. The term "vervet" is also used to refer to all the members of the genus Chlorocebus. The five distinct subspecies can be found mostly throughout Southern Africa, as well as some of the eastern countries.
Tui

The tui is an endemic passerine bird of New Zealand, and the only species in the genus Prosthemadera. It is one of the largest species in the diverse Australasian honeyeater family Meliphagidae, and one of two living species of that family found in New Zealand, the other being the New Zealand bellbird.
Spoon-billed Sandpiper

The spoon-billed sandpiper is a small wader which breeds in north-eastern Russia and winters in Southeast Asia. This species is highly threatened, and it is said that since the 1970s the breeding population has decreased significantly. By 2000 the estimated breeding population of the species was 350–500.
Tiger

The **tiger** (*Panthera tigris*) is the largest species among the Felidae and classified in the genus Panthera. It is most recognisable for its dark vertical stripes on orangish-brown fur with a lighter underside. It is an apex predator, primarily preying on ungulates such as deer and wild boar. It is territorial and generally a solitary but social predator, requiring large contiguous areas of habitat, which support its requirements for prey and rearing of its offspring. Tiger cubs stay with their mother for about two years, before they become independent and leave their mother's home range to establish their own.

## Behavior

They are very aggressive tigers and they often have large home range territories. This is why destruction of their habitat is such a huge problem. They will mark their territory with their scent to keep intruders out.

## Did You Know?

* Bengal tigers are the national animals of India.
* Siberian tigers are also called Amur tigers, because of were they live. In the Russian snowy mountains.
* Siberian tigers are the largest of all felids, revaling the Indian subspecies who has thinner and lighter fur.
* Tigers have very strong sences of hearing, sight, tasting and smelling. They have strong and powerful claws.
Southern Stingray

The **southern stingray** (*Hypanus americanus*) is a whiptail stingray found in tropical and subtropical waters of the Western Atlantic Ocean from New Jersey to southern Brazil. It has a flat, diamond-shaped disc, with a mud brown, olive, and grey dorsal surface and white underbelly (ventral surface).
Southern Flying Squirrel

The **southern flying squirrel** or the **assapan** (*Glaucomys volans*) is one of three species of the genus *Glaucomys* and one of three flying squirrel species found in North America. It is found in deciduous and mixed woods in the eastern half of North America, from southeastern Canada, to Florida.
Southern Pudu

The deer belonging to the Pudu genus are the smallest deer in the world, so tiny that people have even captured them for pets, thereby contributing to their decline in the wild. Similar in appearance to the northern pudu (*Pudu mephistopheles*), but slightly smaller, the **southern pudu** (*Pudu puda*) has a short, glossy, reddish-brown to dark-brown coat, with slightly lighter underparts and legs. Its lips and the insides of its ears are orangish. Southern pudu fawns are spotted with white, probably for camouflage. With a round body and short legs, the low-slung form of the southern pudu is similar to that of many small forest ungulates, and is thought to be an adaptation to slipping more easily through dense undergrowth and bamboo thickets. The eyes and ears of this species are small and the tail is very short. Male southern pudus sport short, simple spiked antlers that are shed annually in July.
Southern Crested Caracara

The **southern crested caracara** (*Caracara plancus*), also known as the southern caracara, carancho or carcará, is a bird of prey in the family Falconidae. As presently defined, the southern crested caracara is restricted to central and southern South America. It formerly included the northern crested caracara (*C. cheriway*) of the southern United States, Mexico, Central America and northern South America, and the extinct Guadalupe caracara (*C. lutosa*) as subspecies. As its relatives, it was formerly placed in the genus *Polyborus*.
Stoat

The stoat (*Mustela erminea*), also known as the ermine, short-tailed weasel or simply the weasel in Ireland where the least weasel does not live, is a mammal of the genus Mustela of the family Mustelidae native to Eurasia and North America, distinguished from the least weasel by its larger size and longer tail with a prominent black tip.
White Tern

The white tern is a small seabird found across the tropical oceans of the world. It is sometimes known as the fairy tern although this name is potentially confusing as it is also the common name of Sternula nereis. Other names for the species include angel tern and white noddy in English, and manu-o-Kū in Hawai'ian.
Western Diamondback

The western diamondback rattlesnake or Texas diamond-back is a venomous rattlesnake species found in the southwestern United States and Mexico. It is likely responsible for the majority of snakebite fatalities in northern Mexico and the greatest number of snakebites in the U.S. No subspecies are currently recognized.
Yellow Anaconda

The **yellow anaconda** (*Eunectes notaeus*), also known as the **Paraguayan anaconda** is a boa species endemic to southern South America. It is one of the largest snakes in the world but smaller than its close relative, the green anaconda. Like all boas and pythons, it is non-venomous and kills its prey by constriction.
Springbok

The springbok is a medium-sized antelope found mainly in southern and southwestern Africa. The sole member of the genus Antidorcas, this bovid was first described by the German zoologist Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann in 1780. Three subspecies are identified.

## Behavior

Behavior of the Springbok
These mammals are primarily diurnal, or active during the day. They spend their days browsing for food, resting, and sometimes pronking or sparring when excited. Springboks have two primary social groups – mixed sex herds and bachelor herds.

## Did you know?

* Springboks are the National Animals of Bonswana, South Africa.
* Springboks have lighter fur, shorter horns and whiter faces than their East African cousins, the Thomson's Gazelle.
* Springboks pronk, high in sthe sky, when alarmed.
White Rhinoceros

Amongst the most charismatic and recognizable of Africa’s mega-fauna, the **white rhinoceros** (*Ceratotherium simum*) is the largest of the five rhinoceros species and one of the world’s biggest land animals, second only to the African elephant and the Asian elephant in size. Unlike its common name suggests, this enormous, virtually hairless mammal is not, in fact, white, but slate-blue to yellowish-brown in color. The ‘white’ likely comes from a mistranslation of the Afrikaner word for ‘wide’, referring to the animal’s wide mouth. Indeed, this species is often called the ‘square-lipped rhinoceros’ because of it's broad, square, rather than the pointed, flexible upper lip, differentiating it from the black rhino (*Diceros bicornis*). The white rhinoceros can also be distinguished from its African cousin by its longer skull, less sharply defined forehead and more pronounced shoulder hump. Like the black rhinoceros and Sumatran rhinoceros, this species has two horns, the front being longer and averaging 60 cm in length, but occasionally reaching up to an enormous 1.5 m. The white rhinoceros also consists of two subspecies: the southern white rhinoceros (*Ceratotherium simum simum*) and the much rarer northern white rhinoceros (*Ceratotherium simum cottoni*).

## Behavior

* White Rhinoceroses tend to group in herds of one to seven animals, although they are usually solitary animals. With their poor eyesight, white rhinos will charge first and then see if there is anything to worry about after. White rhinos rely on their sense of smell and hearing which is well developed.

## Did You Know?

* The Southern white rhinoceros is listed as Near Threatend, while the Northern White is Critically endangerd, or Extinct in the Wild.
* White Rhinos have longer foreheads and braw square lips for grazing, while it's Endangerd cousin, the Black Rhinoceros has prehinsile lips for browsing. They are bigger than black rhinos.
Sunda Stink Badger

The **Sunda stink badger** (*Mydaus javanensis*), also called the Javan stink badger, teledu, Malay stink badger, Malay badger, Indonesian stink badger and Sunda skunk, is a mammal native to Indonesia and Malaysia. Despite the common name, stink badgers are not closely related to true badgers, and are, instead, Old World relatives of the skunks.
Thorny Devil

The thorny devil, also known commonly as the mountain devil, thorny lizard, thorny dragon, and moloch, is a species of lizard in the family Agamidae. The species is endemic to Australia. It is the sole species in the genus Moloch. It grows up to 21 cm in total length, with females generally larger than males.
Tambaqui

The **tambaqui** (*Colossoma macropomum*) is a large species of freshwater fish in the family Serrasalmidae. It is native to tropical South America, but kept in aquaculture and introduced elsewhere. It is also known by the names **black pacu**, **black-finned pacu**, **giant pacu**, **cachama**, **gamitana**, and sometimes as **pacu** (a name used for several other related species).
Spectral Tarsier

The **spectral tarsier** (*Tarsius spectrum*, also called *Tarsius tarsier*) is a species of tarsier found on the island of Selayar in Indonesia. It is apparently less specialized than the Philippine tarsier or Horsfield's tarsier; for example, it lacks adhesive toes. It is the type species for the genus *Tarsius*.
Southern Blue-ringed Octopus

The **southern blue-ringed octopus** (*Hapalochlaena maculosa*) is one of three (or perhaps four) highly venomous species of blue-ringed octopuses. It is most commonly found in tidal rock pools along the south coast of Australia. As an adult, it can grow up to 20 centimetres (8 in) long (top of the mantle to the tip of the arms) and on average weighs 26 grams (0.9 oz).
Southern Hairy-nosed Wombat

The **southern hairy-nosed wombat** (*Lasiorhinus latifrons*) is one of three extant species of wombats. It is found in scattered areas of semiarid scrub and mallee from the eastern Nullarbor Plain to the New South Wales border area. It is the smallest of all three wombat species. The young often do not survive dry seasons.

## Did You Know?

* It is the state animal of South Australia.
Triceratops

***Triceratops*** is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsid dinosaur that first appeared during the late Maastrichtian stage of the late Cretaceous period, about 68 million years ago in what is now North America.

## Behavior

*Triceratops* behavior is not completely understood. It clearly grazed on the tough vegetation, but whether it did so in large herds like buffalo is an unanswered question. Fossil evidence shows that it did battle with *T-rex* on occasion, and could survive the encounter.

## Did You Know?

* *Triceratops*' name means "Three-horned face".
* *Triceratops* is one of the easiest of the reconized dinosaurs.
Velociraptor

***Velociraptor*** is a genus of dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaur that lived approximately 75 to 71 million years ago during the latter part of the Cretaceous Period. Two species are currently recognized, although others have been assigned in the past.

## Behavior

Researchers believe that these reptiles hunted at night, and were primarily nocturnal. They likely hunted by ambush, and possibly utilized trees and vegetation from which to leap down on their prey.

## Did you know?

* Velociraptor has feathers to help keep it worm.
* Velociraptors are a social preadator, and would help eat big animals such as Protoceratops.
Utahraptor

***Utahraptor*** is a genus of large dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaur that lived in North America during the Early Cretaceous period. It was a heavy-built, ground-dwelling, bipedal carnivore. It contains a single species, *Utahraptor ostrommaysi*, which is the largest-known member of the family Dromaeosauridae.
Stegosaurus

***Stegosaurus***, from Greek stegos which means roof and sauros which means lizard, is a genus of herbivorous thyreophoran dinosaur.

## Behavior

Because the *Stegosaurus* was heavy and slow moving, it used its powerful tail as a defense. Scientist are not sure if the bony plates of the Stegosaurus also acted as a defense against predators. Tracks found seem to show that the stegosaurus lived in herds, with young dinosaurs mixing with the older ones.

## Did You Know?

* *Stegosaurus* has the smallest brain of all dinosaurs. The head is big as a walnut.
* *Stegosaurus* has 17 plates and 4 spikes all over its head, back and body.
* The plates on a *Stegosaurus* can help keep it cool and attract mates.
Wild Boar

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The **wild boar** (*Sus scrofa*), also known as the **wild swine**, **Common wild pig**, or **simply wild pig**,) is a suid native to much of the Palearctic, as well as introduced numbers in the Americas and Southeast Asia. Human intervention has spread it further, making the species one of the widest-ranging mammals in the world, as well as the most widely spread suiform. Its wide range, high numbers, and adaptability mean that it is classed as least concern by the IUCN and it has become an invasive species in part of its introduced range. The animal probably originated in Southeast Asia during the Early Pleistocene, and outcompeted other suid species as it spread throughout the Old World.
Sockeye Salmon

**Sockeye salmon** (*Oncorhynchus nerka*), also called **red salmon**, **kokanee salmon**, or **blueback salmon**, is an anadromous species of salmon found in the Northern Pacific Ocean and rivers discharging into it. This species is a Pacific salmon that is primarily red in hue during spawning. They can grow up to 84 cm (2 ft 9 in) in length and weigh 2.3 to 7 kg (5–15 lb).
Wels Catfish

The **wels catfish** (/ˈwɛls/ or /ˈvɛls/; *Silurus glanis*), also called **sheatfish**, is a large species of catfish native to wide areas of central, southern, and eastern Europe, in the basins of the Baltic, Black, and Caspian Seas. It has been introduced to Western Europe as a prized sport fish and is now found from the United Kingdom east to Kazakhstan and China and south to Greece and Turkey. It is a freshwater fish recognizable by its broad, flat head and wide mouth. Wels catfish can live for at least fifty years.
Wallace's Flying Frog

**Wallace's flying frog** or the **Abah River flying frog** (*Rhacophorus nigropalmatus*) is a moss frog found at least from the Malay Peninsula into western Indonesia, and is present in Borneo and Sumatra. It is named for the biologist, Alfred R. Wallace, who collected the first specimen to be formally identified.
West Indian Manatee

The **West Indian Manatee** (*Trichechus manatus*) or "sea cow", also known as **North American manatee**, is the largest surviving member of the aquatic mammal order Sirenia (which also includes the dugong and the extinct Steller's sea cow). It is further divided into two subspecies, the Florida manatee (T. m. latirostris) and the Antillean or Caribbean manatee (T. m. manatus), based on genetic and morphological studies.
Tyrannosaurus Rex

The species ***Tyrannosaurus rex*** (*rex* meaning "king" in Latin), often called *T. rex* or colloquially *T-Rex*, is one of the most well-represented of the large theropods. Tyrannosaurus lived throughout what is now western North America, on what was then an island continent known as Laramidia

## Behavior

*T. rex* was probably a solitary hunter, since there is no fossil evidence (bone beds of T. rex fossils) to support packs of T. rex. T. rex relied on its huge jaws, sharp teeth and powerful, clawed legs during attacks. Its tiny, two-fingered arms were virtually useless. Some paleontologists have theorized that T. rex may taken one huge, terrible bite from its victim and then waited until that animal bled to death. Then T. rex could return to eat.

## Did You Know?

* *Tyrannosaurus rex* was a king of the dinosaurs, at least for the time and region that it lived.
* *Tyrannosaurus* brain was as big as a banana.
* *Tyrannosaurus* is the world's most popular dinosaur.
Three-wattled Bellbird

The **three-wattled bellbird** (*Procnias tricarunculatus*) is a Central American migratory bird of the cotinga family. The sexes are very dis-similar in appearance. The male has a white head and throat and the remaining plumage is chestnut brown. From the base of his beak dangle three long, slender, black wattles that he uses in display.
Umbrella Thorn Acacia Tree

*Vachellia tortilis*, widely known as *Acacia tortilis* but now attributed to the genus *Vachellia*, is the **umbrella thorn acacia**, also known as ***umbrella thorn*** and ***Israeli babool***, a medium to large canopied tree native primarily to the savanna and Sahel of Africa, but also occurring in the Middle East.
White Stork

The **white stork** (*Ciconia ciconia*) is a large bird in the stork family Ciconiidae. Its plumage is mainly white, with black on its wings. Adults have long red legs and long pointed red beaks, and measure on average 100–115 cm (39–45 in) from beak tip to end of tail, with a 155–215 cm (61–85 in) wingspan.
Waterbuck

The waterbuck is a large antelope found widely in sub-Saharan Africa. It is placed in the genus Kobus of the family Bovidae. It was first described by Irish naturalist William Ogilby in 1833. The thirteen subspecies are grouped under two varieties: the common or Ellisprymnus waterbuck and the Defassa waterbuck.
Spectacled Flying Fox

The **spectacled flying fox** (*Pteropus conspicillatus*), also known as the **spectacled fruit bat**, is a megabat that lives in Australia's north-eastern regions of Queensland. It is also found in New Guinea and on the offshore islands including Woodlark Island, Alcester Island, Kiriwina, and Halmahera.
Tasmanian Devil

The **Tasmanian devil** (*Sarcophilus harrisii*) is a carnivorous marsupial of the family Dasyuridae. It was once native to mainland Australia and is now found in the wild only on the island state of Tasmania, including tiny east-coast Maria Island where there is a conservation project with disease-free animals.

## Behavior

Tasmanian devil is solitary but not territorial, with a home range of up to 20 square kilometres in size that may overlap with the ranges of several others. Several adults may congregate at a carcass and feed together, although much squabbling and growling usually takes place.

## Did You Know?

* Tasmanian Devils make a loud barking sound if people get to close.
White-Tipped Reef Shark

Carcharhinidae, and the only member of its genus. A small shark does not usually exceed 1.6 m (5.2 ft) in length, so this species is easily recognizable by its slender body and short but broad head, as well as tubular skin flaps beside the nostrils, oval eyes with vertical pupils, and white-tipped dorsal and caudal fins. One of the most common sharks found on Indo-Pacific coral reefs, the whitetip reef shark occurs as far west as South Africa and as far east as Central America. It is typically found on or near the bottom in clear water, at a depth of 8–40 m (26–131 ft).
Wild Water Buffalo

The **wild water buffalo** (*Bubalus arnee*), also called **Asian buffalo**, **Asiatic buffalo** and **wild Asian buffalo**, is a large bovine native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It has been listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List since 1986, as the remaining population totals less than 4,000. A population decline of at least 50% over the last three generations (24–30 years) is projected to continue. The global population has been estimated at 3,400 individuals, of which 3,100 (91%) live in India, mostly in Assam. The wild water buffalo is the probable ancestor of the domestic water buffalo.
Dierk Starnitzke

**Dierk Starnitzke** ist ein deutscher Theologe. Er ist 1961 in *Kleinenbremen*, einem Stadtteil von *Porta Westfalica*, geboren.

## Leben und Karriere

Starnitzke absolvierte sein Abitur am Besselgymnasium in Minden, studierte Evangelische Theologie und wurde an der *Kirchlichen Hochschule Bethel* promoviert. Im Jahr 2003 habilitierte er sich im Fach "Neues Testament" und wurde 2009 als außerplanmäßiger Professor an die *Kirchliche Hochschule Wuppertal/Bethel – Hochschule für Kirche und Diakonie* berufen. Hier lehrt er Diakoniemanagement und Neues Testament. Zudem ist er seit 2006 Theologischer Vorstand der Diakonischen Stiftung Wittekindshof in *Volmerdingsen*, *Bad Oeynhausen*.
Günther Friedrich Nolting

**Günther Friedrich Nolting** war ein deutscher Politiker. Er ist am 7. April 1950 in Minden geboren und starb am 13. August 2008 in *Berlin*.

## Biografie

Nolting gehörte zur FDP und war von 1987 bis 2005 Mitglied des Deutschen Bundestages, in dem er unter anderem zum Verteidigungsausschuss gehörte.

## Sonstiges

Nolting steht auf der Liste von Persönlichkeiten der Stadt Minden.
Tufted Puffin

The **tufted puffin** (*Fratercula cirrhata*), also known as **crested puffin**, is a relatively abundant medium-sized pelagic seabird in the auk family (Alcidae) found throughout the North Pacific Ocean. It is one of three species of puffin that make up the genus Fratercula and is easily recognizable by its thick red bill and yellow tufts.
Heinrich von Herford

**Heinrich von Herford** war ein deutscher Dominikaner, Chronist, Historiker und Theologe. Er ist um 1300 in *Herford* geboren und starb am 9. Oktober 1370 im Kloster St. Pauli in Minden.

## Biografie

Von Herford ging in Herford zur Schule. Bevor er ins Kloster St. Pauli in Minden kam, hielt er sich in Lemgo und Soest auf. Den größten Teil seines Lebens verbrachte er wahrscheinlich im Kloster St. Pauli. Seine Schriften machten ihn schon früh nach seinem Tod berühmt, denn Kaiser Karl IV. ließ ihn in ein ehrenvolleres Grab umbetten und veranstaltete eine Leichenfeier, zu der viele Gäste kamen.

## Sonstiges

Von Herford steht auf der Liste von Persönlichkeiten der Stadt Minden.