recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
The Thankful Poor

***The Thankful Poor*** is an 1894 painting by African-American painter Henry Ossawa Tanner. It is a genre painting of two African Americans praying at a table, and shares common themes with Tanner's other paintings from the 1890s including *The Banjo Lesson* (1893) and *The Young Sabot Maker* (1895). The work is based on photographs Tanner had taken, and is influenced by his views on education and race, which were in turn derived from those of his father, Benjamin Tucker Tanner, and the African Methodist Episcopal Church. The painting is considered a milestone in African-American art, notably for its countering of racial stereotypes.

Following his return to the United States in 1893, Tanner became more racially aware and chose to use artwork including *The Thankful Poor* as a means of portraying African-American culture in a dignified manner. Despite its popularity with critics, it was Tanner's last African-American genre work before he began to focus on biblical scenes.

After remaining hidden for years, the painting was discovered in a storage closet of the Pennsylvania School for the Deaf in 1970, before being purchased by Camille and Bill Cosby in 1981 for their private collection. In 2020, the painting was sold by the Cosbys to Art Bridges, a foundation created by Alice Walton for loaning artwork. *The Thankful Poor* has been exhibited at the National Museum of African Art, and a preparatory study is held by the DuSable Museum of African American History.

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The\_Thankful\_Poor
Bohemianism

**Bohemianism** is the practice of an unconventional lifestyle, often in the company of like-minded people and with few permanent ties. It involves musical, artistic, literary, or spiritual pursuits. In this context, bohemians may be wanderers, adventurers, or vagabonds.

This use of the word in the English language was imported from French in the mid-19th century and was used to describe the non-traditional lifestyles of artists, writers, journalists, musicians, and actors in major European cities.

Bohemians were associated with unorthodox or anti-establishment political or social viewpoints, which often were expressed through free love, frugality, and—in some cases—simple living, vandwelling or voluntary poverty. A more economically privileged, wealthy, or even aristocratic bohemian circle is sometimes referred to as *haute bohème* (literally "high Bohemia").

The term *bohemianism* emerged in France in the early 19th century, out of perceived similarities between the Bohemians and the Romani. *Bohémien* was a common term for the Romani people of France, who were mistakenly thought to have reached France in the 15th century via Bohemia (the western part of modern Czech Republic). *Bohemianism* and its adjective *bohemian* in this specific context are not connected to the native inhabitants of this region (the Czechs).

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemianism
Final Boss Of The Internet

**The Final Boss of the Internet** is a mythological character that is supposedly found at the "final level" of the Internet if it were imagined as a video game. The term is generally used to refer to any object, person or place that can be seen as very powerful or difficult to overcome.

## References:

-https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/final-boss-of-the-internet
Dawson's Creek

***Dawson's Creek*** is an American teen drama television series about the lives of a close-knit group of friends beginning in high school and continuing into college that ran from 1998 to 2003. The series starred James Van Der Beek as Dawson Leery, Katie Holmes as his best friend and love interest, Joey Potter, Joshua Jackson as their fellow best friend Pacey Witter, and Michelle Williams as Jen Lindley, a New York City transplant to the fictional town of Capeside, Massachusetts, where the series was set. The show was created by Kevin Williamson and debuted on The WB on January 20, 1998. It was produced by Columbia TriStar Television (renamed Sony Pictures Television before the sixth and final season) and was filmed in Wilmington, North Carolina.

The show placed at No. 90 on *Entertainment Weekly*'s "New TV Classics" list in 2007. The series ended on May 14, 2003. During the course of the series, 128 episodes of *Dawson's Creek* aired over six seasons.

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawson%27s\_Creek
Nighthawks

***Nighthawks*** is a 1942 oil on canvas painting by Edward Hopper that portrays four people in a downtown diner late at night as viewed through the diner's large glass window. The light coming from the diner illuminates a darkened and deserted urban streetscape.

It has been described as Hopper's best-known work and is one of the most recognizable paintings in American art. Within months of its completion, it was sold to the Art Institute of Chicago on May 13, 1942, for $3,000.

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nighthawks\_(painting)
Kenneth Clark

**Kenneth Mackenzie Clark, Baron Clark** OM CH KCB FBA (13 July 1903 – 21 May 1983) was a British art historian, museum director, and broadcaster. After running two important art galleries in the 1930s and 1940s, he came to wider public notice on television, presenting a succession of programmes on the arts during the 1950s and 1960s, culminating in the *Civilisation* series in 1969.

The son of rich parents, Clark was introduced to the arts at an early age. Among his early influences were the writings of John Ruskin, which instilled in him the belief that everyone should have access to great art. After coming under the influence of the connoisseur and dealer Bernard Berenson, Clark was appointed director of the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford aged twenty-seven, and three years later he was put in charge of Britain's National Gallery. His twelve years there saw the gallery transformed to make it accessible and inviting to a wider public. During the Second World War, when the collection was moved from London for safe keeping, Clark made the building available for a series of daily concerts which proved a celebrated morale booster during the Blitz.

After the war, and three years as Slade Professor of Fine Art at Oxford, Clark surprised many by accepting the chairmanship of the UK's first commercial television network. Once the service had been successfully launched he agreed to write and present programmes about the arts. These established him as a household name in Britain, and he was asked to create the first colour series about the arts, *Civilisation*, first broadcast in 1969 in Britain and in many other countries soon afterwards.

Among many honours, Clark was knighted at the unusually young age of thirty-five, and three decades later was made a life peer shortly before the first transmission of *Civilisation*. Three decades after his death, Clark was celebrated in an exhibition at Tate Britain in London, prompting a reappraisal of his career by a new generation of critics and historians. Opinions varied about his aesthetic judgment, particularly in attributing paintings to old masters, but his skill as a writer and his enthusiasm for popularising the arts were widely recognised. Both the BBC and the Tate described him in retrospect as one of the most influential figures in British art of the twentieth century.

## References:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth\_Clark

-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TxsVroiUHik
Mabinogion

The ***Mabinogion*** (Welsh pronunciation: [mabɪˈnɔɡjɔn] (listen)) are the earliest prose stories of the literature of Britain. The stories were compiled in Middle Welsh in the 12th–13th centuries from earlier oral traditions. There are two main source manuscripts, created c. 1350–1410, as well as a few earlier fragments. The title covers a collection of eleven prose stories of widely different types, offering drama, philosophy, romance, tragedy, fantasy and humour, and created by various narrators over time. There is a classic hero quest, "Culhwch and Olwen"; a historic legend in "Lludd and Llefelys," complete with glimpses of a far off age; and other tales portray a very different King Arthur from the later popular versions. The highly sophisticated complexity of the Four Branches of the Mabinogi defies categorisation. The stories are so diverse that it has been argued that they are not even a true collection.

Scholars from the 18th century to the 1970s predominantly viewed the tales as fragmentary pre-Christian Celtic mythology, or in terms of international folklore. There are certainly components of pre-Christian Celtic mythology and folklore, but since the 1970s an understanding of the integrity of the tales has developed, with investigation of their plot structures, characterisation, and language styles. They are now seen as a sophisticated narrative tradition, both oral and written, with ancestral construction from oral storytelling, and overlay from Anglo-French influences.

The first modern publications were English translations by William Owen Pughe of several tales in journals in 1795, 1821, and 1829. However it was Lady Charlotte Guest in 1838–45 who first published the full collection, bilingually in Welsh and English. She is often assumed to be responsible for the name "Mabinogion", but this was already in standard use in the 18th century. Indeed, as early as 1632 the lexicographer John Davies quotes a sentence from *Math fab Mathonwy* with the notation "Mabin." in his *Antiquae linguae Britannicae ... dictionarium duplex*, article "Hob". The later Guest translation of 1877 in one volume has been widely influential and remains actively read today. The most recent translation is a compact version by Sioned Davies. John Bollard has published a series of volumes with his own translation, with copious photography of the sites in the stories. The tales continue to inspire new fiction, dramatic retellings, visual artwork, and research.

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabinogion

### References:

-https://www.mabinogion.info/

-https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofWales/The-Mabinogion/

-https://www.timelessmyths.com/celtic/mabinogion.html
Jonny Quest

***Jonny Quest*** (also known as ***The Adventures of Jonny Quest***) is an American animated science fiction adventure television series about a boy who accompanies his scientist father on extraordinary adventures. It was produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions for Screen Gems, and was created and designed by comic book artist Doug Wildey.

Inspired by radio serials and comics in the action-adventure genre, it featured more realistic art, characters, and stories than Hanna-Barbera's previous cartoon programs.[2] It was the first of several Hanna-Barbera action-based adventure shows—which would later include *Space Ghost*, *The Herculoids*, and *Birdman and the Galaxy Trio*—and ran on ABC in prime time on early Friday nights for one season in 1964–1965.

After spending two decades in reruns, during which time it appeared on all three major U.S. television networks of the time, new episodes were produced for syndication in 1986 as part of *The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera*'s second season. Two telefilms, a comic book series, and a more modern revival series, *The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest*, were produced in the 1990s.

## References:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonny\_Quest\_(TV\_series)

-https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0057730/

-http://www.classicjq.com/
Alan Moore

**Alan Moore** (born 18 November 1953) is an English writer known primarily for his work in comic books including *Watchmen*, *V for Vendetta*, *The Ballad of Halo Jones*, *Swamp Thing*, *Batman:* *The Killing Joke* and *From Hell*.[1] Regarded by some as the best comics writer in the English language,[2][3] he is widely recognized among his peers and critics. He has occasionally used such pseudonyms as **Curt Vile**, **Jill de Ray**, and **Translucia Baboon**; also, reprints of some of his work have been credited to **The Original Writer** when Moore requested that his name be removed.[4]

Moore started writing for British underground and alternative fanzines in the late 1970s before achieving success publishing comic strips in such magazines as *2000 AD* and *Warrior*. He was subsequently picked up by the American DC Comics, and as "the first comics writer living in Britain to do prominent work in America",[3](p7) he worked on major characters such as Batman (*Batman: The Killing Joke*) and Superman (*Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow?*), substantially developed the character Swamp Thing, and penned original titles such as *Watchmen*. During that decade, Moore helped to bring about greater social respectability for comics in the United States and United Kingdom.[3](p11) He prefers the term "comic" to "graphic novel".[5] In the late 1980s and early 1990s he left the comic industry mainstream and went independent for a while, working on experimental work such as the epic *From Hell* and the prose novel *Voice of the Fire*. He subsequently returned to the mainstream later in the 1990s, working for Image Comics, before developing America's Best Comics, an imprint through which he published works such as *The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen* and the occult-based *Promethea*. In 2016, he published *Jerusalem*: a 1266-page experimental novel set in his hometown of Northampton, UK.

Moore is an occultist, ceremonial magician,[6] and anarchist,[7] and has featured such themes in works including *Promethea*, *From Hell*, and *V for Vendetta*, as well as performing avant-garde spoken word occult "workings" with The Moon and Serpent Grand Egyptian Theatre of Marvels, some of which have been released on CD.

Despite his own objections, his works have provided the basis for a number of Hollywood films, including *From Hell* (2001), *The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen* (2003), *V for Vendetta* (2005), and *Watchmen* (2009). Moore has also been referenced in popular culture, and has been recognised as an influence on a variety of literary and television figures including Neil Gaiman,[8] Joss Whedon, and Damon Lindelof.[9] He has lived a significant portion of his life in Northampton, England, and he has said in various interviews that his stories draw heavily from his experiences living there.

### References:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan\_Moore
Lyceum Theatre

The **Lyceum Theatre** (pronounced *ly-CEE-um*) is a 2,100-seat West End theatre located in the City of Westminster, on Wellington Street, just off the Strand. The origins of the theatre date to 1765. Managed by Samuel Arnold, from 1794 to 1809 the building hosted a variety of entertainments including a circus produced by Philip Astley, a chapel, and the first London exhibition of waxworks displayed by Madame Tussaud. From 1816 to 1830, it served as **The English Opera House**. After a fire, the house was rebuilt and reopened on 14 July 1834 to a design by Samuel Beazley.[2] The building was unique in that it has a balcony overhanging the dress circle. It was built by the partnership of Peto & Grissell. The theatre then played opera, adaptations of Charles Dickens novels and James Planché's "fairy extravaganzas", among other works.

From 1871 to 1902, Henry Irving appeared at the theatre in, especially, Shakespeare, usually starring opposite Ellen Terry. In 1904 the theatre was almost completely rebuilt and richly ornamented in Rococo style by Bertie Crewe, but it retained Beazley's façade and grand portico. It played mostly melodrama over the ensuing decades. The building closed in 1939 and was set to be demolished, but it was saved and converted into a Mecca Ballroom in 1951, styled the **Lyceum Ballroom**, where many well-known bands played. The Lyceum was closed in 1986 but restored to theatrical use in 1996 by Holohan Architects.[3] Since 1999, the theatre has hosted *The Lion King*.

## References:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyceum\_Theatre,\_London
Prose

**Prose** is a form or technique of language that exhibits a natural flow of speech and grammatical structure. Novels, textbooks and newspaper articles are all examples of prose. The word prose is frequently used in opposition to traditional poetry, which is language with a regular structure with a common unit of verse based on metre or rhyme. However, as T. S. Eliot noted, whereas "the distinction between verse and prose is clear, the distinction between poetry and prose is obscure";[1] developments in modern literature, including free verse and prose poetry, have led to the two techniques indicating two ends on a spectrum of ways to compose language, as opposed to two discrete options.
Early Irish Literature

**Early Irish literature** is the oldest vernacular literature in Western Europe. The earliest existing examples of the written Irish language are Ogham inscriptions dating from the 4th century. Extant manuscripts do not go back farther than the 7th century. Two works written by Saint Patrick, his *Confessio* and *Letter to Coroticus* were written in Latin some time in the 5th century, and preserved in the *Book of Armagh*.

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early\_Irish\_literature
Pathos

**Pathos** (/ˈpeɪθɒs/, US: /ˈpeɪθoʊs/; plural: *pathea*; Greek: πάθος, for "suffering" or "experience"; adjectival form: *pathetic* from παθητικός) appeals to the emotions of the audience and elicits feelings that already reside in them.[1] Pathos is a communication technique used most often in rhetoric (in which it is considered one of the three modes of persuasion, alongside ethos and logos), as well as in literature, film and other narrative art.
Stephen King

**Stephen Edwin King** (born September 21, 1947) is an American author of horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, crime, science-fiction, and fantasy novels. His books have sold more than 350 million copies, and many have been adapted into films, television series, miniseries, and comic books. King has published 61 novels, including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman, and five non-fiction books. He has also written approximately 200 short stories, most of which have been published in book collections.

King has received Bram Stoker Awards, World Fantasy Awards, and British Fantasy Society Awards. In 2003, the National Book Foundation awarded him the Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters. He has also received awards for his contribution to literature for his entire bibliography, such as the 2004 World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement and the 2007 Grand Master Award from the Mystery Writers of America. In 2015, he was awarded with a National Medal of Arts from the U.S. National Endowment for the Arts for his contributions to literature. He has been described as the "King of Horror", a play on his surname and a reference to his high standing in pop culture.

## References:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen\_King

-https://stephenking.com/

-https://twitter.com/StephenKing
Benchmarking

**Benchmarking**, also known as **benchmark hunting**, is a hobby activity in which participants find benchmarks (also known as survey markers or *geodetic control points*). Technically, the term "bench mark" is used only to refer to survey markers that designate a certain elevation, but hobbyists often use the term benchmarks to include triangulation stations or reference marks.[1] They typically then log their finds online. Like geocaching, the activity has become popular since about 1995, propelled by the availability of on-line data on the location of survey marks (with directions for finding them) and by the rise of hobbyist-oriented websites.

Many survey markers in the U.S. were set over 100 years ago. There was also a surge in creating these marks in the U.S. from about 1930 to 1955, in conjunction with the expansion of map-making activities across the country. In the U.S. some of these marks (triangulation stations and GPS points, loosely also referred to as "benchmarks") have precise "adjusted" coordinates (latitude and longitude). The "ADJUSTED" coordinates are precise to sub-centimeter accuracy, while others, typically true elevation Bench Marks, have only coordinates scaled from a map. "SCALED" coordinates were read from a topographic map, rather than being surveyed. Many are accurate to 100 feet but some few are as much as 3,000 or 4,000 feet distant from the mark to which they refer, rendering a handheld GPS unit of little use in locating them. Most marks have clear "to-reach" descriptions, but some lack complete descriptions, or changes in the surrounding buildings, roads, or terrain over decades make the descriptions obsolete. Marks may have been removed by construction or buried.

### References:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benchmarking\_(hobby)

-https://imgur.com/gallery/9AxSujZ

-https://www.geocaching.com/mark/
Rhadamanthus

In Greek mythology, **Rhadamanthus** (/ˌrædəˈmænθəs/) or **Rhadamanthys** (Ancient Greek: Ῥαδάμανθυς) was a wise king of Crete. He was considered a demigod due to his father being Zeus and his name means showing stern and inflexible judgement. He would later become one of the judges of the dead and a important figure in Greek mythology.

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhadamanthus
Susquehanna Art Museum

The **Susquehanna Art Museum** is a non-profit art museum in the United States, located in Midtown Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, the state's capital.

In 1989, the Susquehanna Art Museum (SAM) began as an idea by a group of central Pennsylvanian art educators who felt the capital city needed an art museum. Guided by a desire to provide a forum that would be innovative, relevant, and engaging, they worked alongside community and business leaders with volunteers to create the museum.

Today, SAM is Central Pennsylvania's only dedicated art museum, mounting exhibitions that reflect the diverse cultural heritage of the community as well as a wide range of aesthetic interests. The galleries feature the work of local, regional, national, and international artists.

In addition, SAM's innovative outreach program, the Van*Go!* Museum on Wheels, reaches thousands of students each year and brings original works of art to students who otherwise lack such opportunities. Van*Go!* teaches all children that creativity lies within each of us, providing a forum for further development of important problem-solving and critical thinking skills.

SAM is dedicated to encouraging and inspiring visitors of all ages to become more familiar with; knowledgeable of and appreciative of the art and culture that surrounds them. Educational programming is developed to enhance and enrich the visitor experience, providing a wide variety of classes, lectures, workshops, discussions, critiques, and more for adult learners. SAM's youth art programs explore drawing, painting, sculpture, art history, and art appreciation—a unique experience for students to learn from original works of art in a museum setting.

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susquehanna\_Art\_Museum
Adeptus Custodes

The **Adeptus Custodes**, known as the ***Legio Custodes*** during the Great Crusade and Horus Heresy eras, is the Imperial adepta responsible for protecting the Imperial Palace and the physical body of the Emperor of Mankind, as well as serving as His most important emissaries, His companions, and the keepers of His many secrets.

The Custodes is an elite cadre of genetically-engineered transhuman warriors who are even more potent in combat than the Adeptus Astartes. They are to the Space Marines as the Emperor is to His primarchs, and it is rumoured that they were each created by the Master of Mankind personally.

Where Space Marines represent the mass-produced, genetically-engineered soldiers of the Imperium of Man, the Adeptus Custodes are a force of individual warriors, each a bastion in his own right and a sentinel of unmatched capability and singular purpose created to counter any possible threat -- Human, alien or daemonic.

These warriors have stood in the presence of the immortal Emperor of Mankind since before the time of the Unification Wars. For ten thousand Terran years and more, the Custodians have stood watch over their lord and master, serving as the Emperor's personal heralds and praetorian bodyguard.

During the Great Crusade these resplendent warriors guarded the Emperor wherever He went and swore to give their lives to protect His. After His incarceration in the Golden Throne following the Horus Heresy ten standard millennia ago, they have taken a far more limited role in the Imperium of Man.

They almost never leave Terra and only very rarely are seen outside the Imperial Palace as they watch over their recumbent master and patrol the precincts of the Emperor's palace, ever vigilant of threats. It is only the Adeptus Custodes who decide who may enter the *Sanctum Imperialis* of the Emperor at the heart of the Inner Palace, and when they may do so.

With the birth of the Great Rift in the Era Indomitus, and the resurrection of the Primarch Roboute Guilliman as the Lord Commander of the Imperium, the Adeptus Custodes have been forced to take a more active role in galactic affairs. A force of Custodians has followed Guilliman's Indomitus Crusade out into the galaxy, often serving as the heralds of a Torchbearers fleet.

This was done both to reassure the existing Space Marine Chapters that the gift of the Primaris Space Marines was ordained by the will of the Emperor, but also because in this new era of constant threat, the Custodes have come to a hard realisation: sometimes, the best defence is found on offence.

-https://warhammer40k.fandom.com/wiki/Adeptus\_Custodes

## References:

-https://wh40k.lexicanum.com/wiki/Adeptus\_Custodes

-https://www.facebook.com/TheLegioCustodes/posts/1585149928336787

-https://www.horusheresylegions.com/tag/legio-custodes/

-https://1d4chan.org/wiki/Adeptus\_Custodes
International Federation of Vexillological Associations

The **International Federation of Vexillological Associations** (**FIAV**, French acronym: *Fédération internationale des associations vexillologiques*) is an international federation[4] of 52 regional, national, and multinational associations and institutions across the globe that study vexillology, which FIAV defines in its constitution as "the creation and development of a body of knowledge about flags of all types, their forms and functions, and of scientific theories and principles based on that knowledge."

#### References:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International\_Federation\_of\_Vexillological\_Associations
The Decameron

***The Decameron*** (/dɪˈkæmərən/; Italian: ***Decameron*** [deˈkaːmeron, dekameˈrɔn, -ˈron] or ***Decamerone*** [dekameˈroːne]), subtitled *Prince Galehaut* (Old Italian: *Prencipe Galeotto* [ˈprentʃipe ɡaleˈɔtto, ˈprɛn-]) and sometimes nicknamed *l'Umana commedia* ("the Human comedy"), is a collection of novellas by the 14th-century Italian author Giovanni Boccaccio (1313–1375). The book is structured as a frame story containing 100 tales told by a group of seven young women and three young men sheltering in a secluded villa just outside Florence to escape the Black Death, which was afflicting the city. Boccaccio probably conceived of *The Decameron* after the epidemic of 1348, and completed it by 1353. The various tales of love in *The Decameron* range from the erotic to the tragic. Tales of wit, practical jokes, and life lessons contribute to the mosaic. In addition to its literary value and widespread influence (for example on Chaucer's *The Canterbury Tales*), it provides a document of life at the time. Written in the vernacular of the Florentine language, it is considered a masterpiece of classical early Italian prose.

## Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The\_Decameron
A Serbian Film

***A Serbian Film*** (Serbian: Српски филм / *Srpski film*) is a 2010 Serbian horror film produced and directed by Srđan Spasojević in his feature film debut. Spasojević also co-wrote the film with Aleksandar Radivojević. It tells the story of a financially struggling porn star who agrees to participate in an "art film", only to discover that he has been drafted into a snuff film with pedophilic and necrophilic themes. The film stars Serbian actors Srđan Todorović, Sergej Trifunović, and Jelena Gavrilović.

Upon its debut on the art film circuit, the film received substantial attention and controversy for its graphic violence and sexual content. The film has been banned in Spain,[*citation needed*] Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia,[*citation needed*], and Norway, and was temporarily banned from screening in Brazil.

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A\_Serbian\_Film
Intellectual Property

**Intellectual property** (**IP**) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect.[1][2] There are many types of intellectual property, and some countries recognize more than others.[3][4][5][6][7] The most well-known types are copyrights, patents, trademarks, and trade secrets. Early precursors to some types of intellectual property existed in societies such as Ancient Rome, but the modern concept of intellectual property developed in England in the 17th and 18th centuries. The term "intellectual property" began to be used in the 19th century, though it was not until the late 20th century that intellectual property became commonplace in the majority of the world's legal systems.[8]

The main purpose of intellectual property law is to encourage the creation of a wide variety of intellectual goods.[9] To achieve this, the law gives people and businesses property rights to the information and intellectual goods they create, usually for a limited period of time. This gives economic incentive for their creation, because it allows people to profit from the information and intellectual goods they create.[9] These economic incentives are expected to stimulate innovation and contribute to the technological progress of countries, which depends on the extent of protection granted to innovators.[10]

The intangible nature of intellectual property presents difficulties when compared with traditional property like land or goods. Unlike traditional property, intellectual property is "indivisible", since an unlimited number of people can "consume" an intellectual good without it being depleted. Additionally, investments in intellectual goods suffer from problems of appropriation: a landowner can surround their land with a robust fence and hire armed guards to protect it, but a producer of information or literature can usually do very little to stop their first buyer from replicating it and selling it at a lower price. Balancing rights so that they are strong enough to encourage the creation of intellectual goods but not so strong that they prevent the goods' wide use is the primary focus of modern intellectual property law.[11]
Jude Law

**David Jude Heyworth Law** (born 29 December 1972)[1] is an English actor. He has received multiple award nominations including for two Academy Awards, four Golden Globes Awards, two Screen Actors Guild Awards and two British Academy Film Awards. In 2007, he received an Honorary César and was named a knight of the Order of Arts and Letters by the French government, in recognition of his contribution to World Cinema Arts.[2][3]

Born and raised in London, Law started acting in theatre. After finding small roles in feature films, Law gained recognition for his role in Anthony Minghella's *The Talented Mr. Ripley* (1999), for which he won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award. He found further critical and commercial success in *Enemy at the Gates* (2001), Steven Spielberg's *A.I. Artificial Intelligence* (2001) and Sam Mendes' *Road to Perdition* (2002). He gave an acclaimed performance in the war film *Cold Mountain* (2003), earning him Academy Award, Golden Globe and BAFTA nominations.

Law went on to star in several commercially unsuccessful films, including *Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow* (2004) and *Alfie* (2004). He then starred in romantic comedies *Closer* (2004) and *The Holiday* (2006) which were well-received. He also portrayed Dr. Watson in *Sherlock Holmes* (2009) and *Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows* (2011). In the 2010s, Law appeared in *Repo Men* (2010) and had supporting roles in *Contagion* (2011) and the 3D film *Hugo* (2011). The latter two received positive reviews from critics. In 2012, he starred in *Anna Karenina* (2012), Steven Soderbergh's *Side Effects* (2013), Wes Anderson's *The Grand Budapest Hotel* (2014) and Paul Feig's *Spy* (2015).

In 2017, he starred in *The Young Pope* and in 2018 portrayed Albus Dumbledore in *Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald*. His highest-grossing release was the superhero film *Captain Marvel* (2019), in which he played Yon-Rogg. Law has also had an accomplished career on stage, and has received nominations for three Laurence Olivier Awards and two Tony Awards. He has performed in several West End and Broadway productions.

## Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jude\_Law

-https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000179/bio
Allegory Of The Cave

The **allegory of the cave**, or **Plato's Cave**, was presented by the Greek philosopher Plato in his work *Republic* (514a–520a) to compare "the effect of education (παιδεία) and the lack of it on our nature". It is written as a dialogue between Plato's brother Glaucon and his mentor Socrates, narrated by the latter. The allegory is presented after the analogy of the sun (508b–509c) and the analogy of the divided line (509d–511e). All three are characterized in relation to dialectic at the end of Books VII and VIII (531d–534e).

Plato has Socrates describe a group of people who have lived chained to the wall of a cave all of their lives, facing a blank wall. The people watch shadows projected on the wall from objects passing in front of a fire behind them, and give names to these shadows. The shadows are the prisoners' reality.

Socrates explains how the philosopher is like a prisoner who is freed from the cave and comes to understand that the shadows on the wall are not reality at all, for he can perceive the true form of reality rather than the manufactured reality that is the shadows seen by the prisoners. The inmates of this place do not even desire to leave their prison, for they know no better life. The prisoners manage to break their bonds one day, and discover that their reality was not what they thought it was. They discovered the sun, which Plato uses as an analogy for the fire that man cannot see behind. Like the fire that cast light on the walls of the cave, the human condition is forever bound to the impressions that are received through the senses. Even if these interpretations (or, in Kantian terminology, intuitions) are an absurd misrepresentation of reality, we cannot somehow break free from the bonds of our human condition—we cannot free ourselves from phenomenal state just as the prisoners could not free themselves from their chains. If, however, we were to miraculously escape our bondage, we would find a world that we could not understand—the sun is incomprehensible for someone who has never seen it. In other words, we would encounter another "realm", a place incomprehensible because, theoretically, it is the source of a higher reality than the one we have always known; it is the realm of pure Form, pure fact.[1]

Socrates remarks that this allegory can be paired with previous writings, namely the analogy of the sun and the analogy of the divided line.

## Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegory\_of\_the\_cave

-https://www.thoughtco.com/the-allegory-of-the-cave-120330

-https://www.philosophyzer.com/the-allegory-of-the-cave-by-plato-summary-and-meaning/
Parasite Eve

***Parasite Eve***[1] is a 1998 action role-playing video game developed and published by Square. The game is a sequel to the novel *Parasite Eve*, written by Hideaki Sena; it is also the first game in the *Parasite Eve* video game series. The story follows New York City police officer Aya Brea over a six-day span in 1997 as she attempts to stop the Eve, a woman who plans to destroy the human race through spontaneous human combustion. Players explore levels set in areas of New York while utilizing a pausable real-time combat system along with several role-playing game elements.

*Parasite Eve* was SquareSoft's first M-rated game, and the first major American and Japanese game development collaboration for the company. It was produced by Hironobu Sakaguchi and directed by Takashi Tokita. Music for the title was composed by Yoko Shimomura who was widely acclaimed for her work to create an "inorganic" and "emotionless" soundtrack that saw two album releases. *Parasite Eve* received positive reviews; critics praised the graphics and gameplay, but found the overall game too linear and with little replay potential.

The video game adaptation was part of a resurgence of popularity in Japanese horror sparked by the original book, and was released alongside a film adaptation and two manga comics; one based on the book, the other on the video game. The original title was also followed by two video game sequels: *Parasite Eve II* in 1999 and *The 3rd Birthday* in 2010, and was re-released on the PlayStation Network in 2010.

## References:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasite\_Eve\_(video\_game)

-https://parasiteeve.fandom.com/wiki/Parasite\_Eve
Borgia

**Borgia** (/ˈbɔːr(d)ʒə/ *BOR-zhə, BOR-jə*, Italian: [ˈbɔrdʒa]; Spanish and Aragonese: *Borja* [ˈboɾxa]; Valencian: *Borja* [ˈbɔɾdʒa]) was a Spanish-Aragonese noble family, which rose to prominence during the Italian Renaissance. They were from Aragon, the surname being a toponymic from the town of Borja, then in the Crown of Aragon, in Spain.

The Borgias became prominent in ecclesiastical and political affairs in the 15th and 16th centuries, producing two popes: Alfons de Borja, who ruled as Pope Callixtus III during 1455–1458, and Rodrigo Lanzol Borgia, as Pope Alexander VI, during 1492–1503.

Especially during the reign of Alexander VI, they were suspected of many crimes, including adultery, incest, simony, theft, bribery, and murder (especially murder by arsenic poisoning). Because of their grasping for power, they made enemies of the Medici, the Sforza, and the Dominican friar Girolamo Savonarola, among others. They were also patrons of the arts who contributed to the development of Renaissance art.

The Borgia family stands out in history as being infamously steeped in sin and immorality, yet there is evidence to suggest that this one-dimensional characterization is a result of undeserved contemporary critiques.

References:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House\_of\_Borgia

-https://theborgiabull.com/
Philip DeFranco

**Philip James** **DeFranco** (born **Philip James Franchini Jr.**; born December 1, 1985), sometimes known online as **PhillyD** or **sXePhil**, is a news commentator and an American YouTube personality. He is best known for *The Philip DeFranco Show*, a news commentary show centered on current events in politics and pop culture that has a playlist of over 1,000 videos since 2014 as well as his growing news network, Rogue Rocket.

DeFranco has also been involved in the creation of other successful channels on YouTube, including personal vlog channel *Philly D*, Google-funded news channel *Sourcefed*, gaming channel *Super Panic Frenzy*, and family vlog channel *TheDeFrancoFam.* His network of channels has over two billion views, and over six million total subscribers, with his primary channel having accumulated over 6.4 million subscribers and 2.7 billion views, as of September, 2019. Over his decade-long YouTube career, he has won various awards for his achievements in online content.

Since regaining control over his properties from the Discovery Network in May 2017, DeFranco has been working towards building the Rogue Rocket network in order to broaden his content.[3] On April 22, 2019, the Rogue Rocket website was launched.

## Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip\_DeFranco
The Night of the Hunter

***The Night of the Hunter*** is a 1955 American thriller film directed by Charles Laughton, and starring Robert Mitchum, Shelley Winters, and Lillian Gish. The screenplay by James Agee was based on the 1953 novel of the same title by Davis Grubb. The plot focuses on a corrupt minister-turned-serial killer who attempts to charm an unsuspecting widow and steal $10,000 hidden by her executed husband.

The novel and film draw on the true story of Harry Powers, who was hanged in 1932 for the murder of two widows and three children in Clarksburg, West Virginia. The film's lyrical and expressionistic style with its leaning on the silent era sets it apart from other Hollywood films of the 1940s and 1950s, and it has influenced later directors such as Rainer Werner Fassbinder[1] and Robert Altman.[2]

Selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry in 1992, it is now considered one of the greatest films of all time.[3][4] The influential film magazine *Cahiers du cinéma* selected *The Night of the Hunter* in 2008 as the second-best film of all time, behind *Citizen Kane*

## References:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The\_Night\_of\_the\_Hunter\_(film)

-https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/night\_of\_the\_hunter
Indiana Jones

***Indiana Jones*** is an American media franchise based on the adventures of Dr. Henry Walton "Indiana" Jones, Jr., a fictional professor of archaeology, that began in 1981 with the film *Raiders of the Lost Ark*. In 1984, a prequel, *The Temple of Doom*, was released, and in 1989, a sequel, *The Last Crusade*. A fourth film followed in 2008, titled *The Kingdom of the Crystal Skull*. A fifth film is in development and is provisionally scheduled to be released in 2022. The series was created by George Lucas and stars Harrison Ford as Indiana Jones. The first four films were directed by Steven Spielberg.

In 1992, the franchise expanded to a television series with *The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles*, portraying the character in his childhood and youth, and including adventures with his father. Marvel Comics began publishing *The Further Adventures of Indiana Jones* in 1983, and Dark Horse Comics gained the comic book rights to the character in 1991. Novelizations of the films have been published, as well as many novels with original adventures, including a series of German novels by Wolfgang Hohlbein, twelve novels set before the films published by Bantam Books, and a series set during the character's childhood inspired by the television show. Numerous *Indiana Jones* video games have been released since 1982.

## References:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana\_Jones
Pirates In Art & Culture

In English-speaking popular culture, the modern pirate stereotype owes its attributes mostly to the imagined tradition of the 18th century Caribbean pirate sailing off the Spanish Main and to such celebrated 20th century depictions as Captain Hook and his crew in the theatrical and film versions of J. M. Barrie's children's book *Peter Pan*, Robert Newton's portrayal of Long John Silver in the 1950 film adaptation of the Robert Louis Stevenson's novel *Treasure Island*, and various adaptations of the Middle Eastern pirate, *Sinbad the Sailor*. In these and countless other books, movies, and legends, pirates are portrayed as "swashbucklers" and "plunderers." They are shown on ships, often wearing eyepatches or peg legs, having a parrot perched on their shoulder, and saying phrases like "Arr, matey" and "Avast, me hearty." Pirates have retained their image through pirate-themed tourist attractions, film, toys, books and plays.
Illuminati Card Game

***Illuminati*** is a standalone card game made by Steve Jackson Games (SJG), inspired by the 1975 book, *The Illuminatus! Trilogy*, by Robert Anton Wilson and Robert Shea. The game has ominous secret societies competing with each other to control the world through various means, including legal, illegal, and even mystical. It was designed as a "tongue-in-cheek rather than serious"[1] take on conspiracy theories. It contains groups named similarly to real world organizations, such as the Society for Creative Anachronism and the Symbionese Liberation Army.[2] It can be played by two to eight players. Depending on the number of players, a game can take between one and six hours.

## Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illuminati\_(game)

-http://www.sjgames.com/illuminati/index.html
Sophie Ellis-Bextor

**Sophie Michelle Ellis-Bextor** (born 10 April 1979) is an English singer, songwriter and model. She first came to prominence in the late 1990s, as the lead singer of the indie rock band Theaudience. After the group disbanded, Ellis-Bextor went solo, achieving widespread success in the early 2000s. Her music is a mixture of mainstream pop, disco, nu-disco, and 1980s electronic influences.

Her solo debut album, *Read My Lips*, was released in September 2001. The album reached number two in the UK Albums Chart and was certified double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI).[1][2] The record experienced international success, selling more than 2 million copies worldwide.[3] It produced four singles, three of which reached the top three in the UK.[1] In 2003, *Read My Lips* won the Edison Award for "Best Dance Album".[4] Ellis-Bextor's second album, *Shoot from the Hip*, was released in October 2003. The album reached number 19 in the UK and produced two top ten singles.[1] *Trip the Light Fantastic*, her third album, was released in May 2007 and reached number seven in the UK.[1] The album produced three singles, one of which reached the top ten in the UK.[1]

In 2009, Ellis-Bextor released the Freemasons collaboration "Heartbreak (Make Me a Dancer)" (reaching number 13 in the UK) and her first extended play, *Sophie Ellis-Bextor: iTunes Live in London*. Her fourth

studio album, *Make a Scene*, was released in April 2011 (reaching number 33 in the UK), with its lead single "Bittersweet" peaking at number 25 in the UK.

In 2014, Ellis-Bextor released her fifth studio album, *Wanderlust* which became her highest charting album since "Read My Lips", peaking at number 4 in the UK. Coinciding with the album's release, the lead single, "Young Blood", reached number 34 in the UK. Her next effort, the Latin America inspired *Familia* earnt critical acclaim in 2016.

## Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie\_Ellis-Bextor
Elysium

**Elysium** or the **Elysian Fields** (Ancient Greek: Ἠλύσιον πεδίον, *Ēlýsion pedíon*) is a conception of the afterlife that developed over time and was maintained by some Greek religious and philosophical sects and cults. Initially separate from the realm of Hades, admission was reserved for mortals related to the gods and other heroes. Later, it expanded to include those chosen by the gods, the righteous, and the heroic, where they would remain after death, to live a blessed and happy life, and indulging in whatever employment they had enjoyed in life.

The Elysian Fields were, according to Homer, located on the western edge of the Earth by the stream of Okeanos. In the time of the Greek poet Hesiod, Elysium would also be known as the "Fortunate Isles", or the "Isles (or Islands) of the Blessed", located in the western ocean at the end of the earth. The Isles of the Blest would be reduced to a single island by the Theban poet Pindar, describing it as having shady parks, with residents indulging in athletic and musical pastimes.

The ruler of Elysium varies from author to author: Pindar and Hesiod name Cronus as the ruler, while the poet Homer in the *Odyssey* describes fair-haired Rhadamanthus dwelling there. "The Isle of the Blessed" is also featured in the 2nd Century comedic novel "True Story" by Lucian of Samosata.

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elysium