recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Luke Tran

Jace Tran (Sister)

Tobi Dinh (Cousin)

Duc Dinh (Uncle)

Luke Tran is a student at Aprilside High School, a member of the Highschool PSA Club, and a member of the soccer tea

## Personality

Luke is chill and laid back, though at times this makes them very apathetic. They enjoy teasing other people and joking around. Occasionally they can take the joke too far though they try and catch their mistakes and apologize profusely.

## Physical Description

Luke is a" Vietnamese kid at 5'6" tall. While they have muscles, they are definitely not the most defined or visible, and they are closer to the lean side weight wise. They have pink eyes (color contacts or is there something fishy going on here?) and shoulder length black hair that's usually pulled back in a low short ponytail. They focus much more on speed and endurance training and could beat the average person.

They often wear loose clothing, and it's usually some shade of blue and or pink. They always have hair ties on their wrists ready to lend to anyone.

## History

### Early Life

Luke used to go by the name of Alex, but was later forced to change it due to moving to Aprilside.

They got their first tool at ten years old, which allowed them to control sugar. They've kept this spirit ever since, and has since then become a medium.

In their freshmen year their long time friend became their boyfriend, and they had a happy year. Luke joined the football team. Their sophomore year friends came and went but they stayed happily together with their boyfriend. They moved out of Marchlook 3 months before the end of their Sophmore year.

### Present

They are currently in the PSA Club, Soccer Team, and Track Team. While they do wish they were back in their old town they have decided that there's no going back so they might as well try and be happy.

## Relationships

### Linh Tran

Luke has a fairly good relationship with their mother. The two of them often hang out and just talk. Luke often complains about their day to Linh, and Linh talks it back to them.

### Jace Tran

The two have a very playful relationship, despite the bitterness in the previous two years. The two of them like to pretend those two years never happen and tease each other relentlessly.

### Floss

Though together for 6 years Luke was never as close with their spirit

### Gummie & Graham Wiltshire

The three of them are in the PSA club with each other, and are technically a "squad." Though it probably involves a lot of "third wheeling."

## Powers & Abilities

They can control sugar due to being a medium for a sugar spirit called Floss.

They are also fairly athletic for their age, and while they too learned self defense and practiced a small amount of taekwondo, they are much more built for endurance and speed. They also have a fair grasp on spectral constructs due to being raised in a spectral family.

## Facts & Trivia

* They used to be linebacker on their school's football team
* They now currently play center or a back on Aprilside's soccer team and does long distance and relays in track. (These are d*efinetly not* the only sports positions I know)
The Guard

The Logo

The Guard is the in-town organization whose main purpose is to network the spectrals together. It is currently being led by Ryker Phillips and Bathilda Phillips.

## History

The Guard was first started in Aprilside eight years ago by Charleston Parker and Bathilda Phillips, who wished to use the large population of spectrals to their advantage and network as many as possible into a solid group of allies. It initially started with only the Tracking and R&P Sectors.

With Maxwell Angel's arrival into town six years ago, the Spirits Sector was made as the organization shifted focus to include spirits -- especially the Guardians -- within the area. He brought along the expertise of Christopher Carlisle, who took over the Tracking Sector while Babe created the Finance/Marketing Sector.

Charles stepped down from his position as Co-Head of the R&P Sector five years ago, and his partner also stepped down. Another member of the Guard took both of their places and has run it ever since. Charles took the skill set of his co-club adviser Anya Wagner and helped her create the Training/Medicinal Sector, and she has been heading it ever since.

Once Ryker reached age 17, he opened the Operations Sector and has headed it since its creation.

## Active Members

### Operations

* Wesley ???
* Roderick ???
* Dapozzo

### Finance/Marketing

* Gilda Valerian
* Olufemi Khoury
* Da Pozzo

### Spirits

* Skylar Thomas
* Caitlyn Springer
* Yage
* Mad Hatter

### Training/Medicinal

* Charleston Parker
* Persephone Onasis
* Bryant Wagner
* Allen Maine
* 'June'

### Tracking

* Sterling Maine
* Q
* Elijah Wolfe

### Research and Production

* Haisam Khoury
* ??? ???
* Dr. M
* ??? Thomas
Mary Putnam Jacobi (1842 - 1906)

Mary Corinna Putnam Jacobi was an esteemed US physician, teacher, scientist, writer, and suffragist. She was the first woman allowed to enroll to study medicine at the University of Paris, and had a long career practicing medicine, teaching, writing, and advocating for women's rights, especially in medical education. Disparaging anecdotal evidence and traditional approaches, she demanded

rigorous scientific research on every question of the day. Her scientific rebuttal of the popular idea that menstruation made women unsuited to education was influential in the fight for women's educational opportunities.

Married Abraham Jacobi, known as "the father of pediatrics"

## Known for

Medicine

First female admitted to École de Médecine in Paris, 1868.

She received Harvard University's Boylston Prize in 1876 for an original essay, "The Question of Rest for Women during Menstruation." Jacobi's paper, which included original scientific research, was a response to Dr. Edward H. Clarke's earlier publication, Sex in Education; or, A Fair Chance for the Girls (1875), a book claiming that any physical or mental exertion during menstruation could lead to women becoming infertile. Jacobi did not believe this was the case, and to test the idea she collected extensive physiological data on women throughout their menstrual cycle, including muscle strength tests before and after menstruation. She concluded that "there is nothing in the nature of mentruation to imply the necessity, or even desirability, of rest."

As an attending and consulting physician, Mary Jacobi opened a children's ward at the New York Infirmary in 1886. She became a member of the New York Pathological Society and the New York Academy of Medicine, memberships that were vital to securing jobs and colleagues' respect. Dr. Jacobi's admission to the Academy of Medicine, earned by a majority of one vote, made her the society's first female member.

Daughter of George Putnam, NY publisher. She wrote many stories and essays in young adulthood, published in newspapers and in Putnam's Magazine, using the earnings to pay for schools, but after obtaining her Paris medical degree gave up literature to focus on medicine

## Find more

Wikipedia

"The Question of Rest for Women during Menstruation"

*"Common Sense" Applied to Women's Suffrage* (1894) This expanded on an address she made that same year before a constitutional convention in Albany. It was reprinted in 1915 and contributed to the final successful push for women's suffrage.
Emmy Noether (1882 - 1935)

Called "the most significant creative mathematical genius thus far produced since the higher education of women began" by Albert Einstein, Emmy Noether escaped Germany when the Nazis took over and taught in America for several years.

She was described by Pavel Alexandrov, Albert Einstein, Jean Dieudonné, Hermann Weyl and Norbert Wiener as the most important woman in the history of mathematics.

Noether remained a leading member of the Göttingen mathematics department until 1933; her students were sometimes called the "Noether boys". In 1924, Dutch mathematician B.L. van der Waerden joined her circle and soon became the leading expositor of Noether's ideas: Her work was the foundation for the second volume of his influential 1931 textbook, Moderne Algebra.

By the time of her plenary address at the 1932 International Congress of Mathematicians in Zürich, her algebraic acumen was recognized around the world. The following year, Germany's Nazi government dismissed Jews from university positions, and Noether moved to the United States to take up a position at Bryn Mawr College in Pennsylvania.

In 1935 she underwent surgery for an ovarian cyst and, despite signs of a recovery, died four days later at the age of 53.

## Known for

As one of the leading mathematicians of her time, she developed the theories of rings, fields, and algebras.
In physics, Noether's theorem explains the connection between symmetry and conservation laws.

Although Noether's theorem had a significant effect upon classical and quantum mechanics, among mathematicians she is best remembered for her contributions to abstract algebra. In his introduction to Noether's Collected Papers, Nathan Jacobson wrote that "The development of abstract algebra, which is one of the most distinctive innovations of twentieth century mathematics, is largely due to her – in published papers, in lectures, and in personal influence on her contemporaries."

She sometimes allowed her colleagues and students to receive credit for her ideas, helping them develop their careers at the expense of her own.

## Find more

Wikipedia

Phillips, Lee (May 2015). "The female mathematician who changed the course of physics—but couldn't get a job". Ars

Brewer, James W; Smith, Martha K. (eds.). Emmy Noether: A Tribute to Her Life and Work. New York: Marcel Dekker. ISBN 978-0-8247-1550-2.
Florence Bascom (1862 - 1945)

Florence Bascom was the first woman hired by the United States Geological Survey, the second American woman to earn a Ph.D. in geology, and the second woman elected to the Geological Society of America. Her main work was in studying the geomorphology of the Mid-Atlantic Piedmont region. Her work with petrographic techniques is still influential today.

Florence Bascom was the second woman to earn her Ph.D in geology in the United States, and the first woman to receive a Ph.D from Johns Hopkins University, in 1893. She became the first woman to work for the United States Geological Survey, in 1896. As well as being one of the first women to earn a master's degree in geology, she was known for her innovative findings in this field, and led the next generation of notable female geologists. Geologists consider her to be the "first woman geologist in this country [America]."
While studying at Johns Hopkins she was forced to sit behind a screen so as not to disturb the men in the class, whose education was the priority. Since Geology at the time was purely a male discipline, Bascom faced many challenges getting her education and establishing herself in her field; this led to her becoming known as the "Pioneer of Women Geologists." source: Wikipedia
Bascom founded Bryn Mawr’s department of Geology in 1901. She proceeded to teach and train a generation of young women in this department. In 1937, 8 out of 11 of the women who were Fellows of the Geological Society of America were graduates of Bascom’s course at Bryn Mawr College.

## Known for

Contributing ontributed to a special type of identification for acidic volcanoes.

Her journal, The Structures, Origin, and Nomenclature of Acidic Volcanic Rocks of South Mountain, begins by identifying various rock structures formed by the volcano. Bascom argues that South Mountain's rock formations have changed over time, with some rocks originally showing signs of being rhyolite, but now holocrystalline rock. These rocks defy the nomenclature used to identify rocks invented by German and English scientists, so she created prefixes to add to these pre-existing names, to identify acidic changes in rocks. The prefixes she came up with are meta, epi, and apo

## Find more

Wikipedia

Trowelblazers
Archenfield Brigade

Following the defeat and capture of the Bishop if Hereford after the Severn Valley campaign, the remains of his army retreated towards Ross on Wye under the leadership of a Welsh cleric. The resulting enclave was based on the diocese of Archenfield. The Leaguers have had to develop their forces, making to do with whatever they can scrounge or build locally, a series of small cottage industries have sprung up to service the needs of this small army and earning them the nickname of the 'arts and crafts army'. Occasionally supplies do get through from Bath. The diocese has also developed a local alliance with the Welsh Nationals often combining forces for short campaigns or raids.
Ruth Benedict (1887 - 1948)

Ruth Fulton Benedict was a US anthropologist and folklorist. After studying anthropology at the New School of Social Research under Elsie Clews Parsons, she entered graduate studies at Columbia University in 1921, where she studied under Franz Boas. She received her PhD and joined the faculty in 1923. Margaret Mead, with whom she shared a romantic relationship, and Marvin Opler, were among her students and colleagues.

Franz Boas, her teacher and mentor, has been called the father of American anthropology and his teachings and point of view are clearly evident in Benedict's work.

Benedict held the post of President of the American Anthropological Association and was also a prominent member of the American Folklore Society. She became the first woman to be recognized as a prominent leader of a learned profession. She can be viewed as a transitional figure in her field, redirecting both anthropology and folklore away from the limited confines of culture-trait diffusion studies and towards theories of performance as integral to the interpretation of culture. She studied the relationships between personality, art, language and culture, insisting that no trait existed in isolation or self-sufficiency, a theory which she championed in her 1934 book, Patterns of Culture. source; Wikipedia

## Known for

Influence on fellow anthropologist Margaret Mead (incl romantic)

Although Ruth Benedict's fascination with death started at an early age, she continued to study how death affected people throughout her career. In her book *Patterns of Culture* (1934), Benedict studied the Pueblo culture and how they dealt with grieving and death. She describes in the book that individuals may deal with reactions to death, such as frustration and grief, differently. Societies all have social norms that they follow; some allow more expression when dealing with death, such as mourning, while other societies are not allowed to acknowledge it.

One of Benedict's lesser known works was a pamphlet "The Races of Mankind" which she wrote with her colleague at the Columbia University Department of Anthropology, Gene Weltfish. This pamphlet was intended for US troops and set forth, in simple language with cartoon illustrations, the scientific case against racist beliefs.

*The Chrysanthemum and the Sword* (1946), a study of the society and culture of Japan, incorporating results of her war-time research.
Mary Somerville (1780 - 1872)

Intrigued by the x’s and y’s in the answer to a math question in a ladies’ fashion magazine, 14-year-old Mary Fairfax of Scotland delved into the study of algebra and mathematics, defying her father’s injunction against such pursuits.

Her studies were sidetracked by a marriage, in 1804, to a Russian Navy captain, but after his death she returned to Edinburgh and became involved in intellectual circles, associating with people such as the writer Sir Walter Scott and the scientist John Playfair, and resumed her studies in math and science.

Her next husband, William Somerville, whom she wed in 1812, supported these efforts, and after they moved to London, Mary became host to her own intellectual circle, which included the astronomer John Herschel and the inventor Charles Babbage.

She began experimenting on magnetism and produced a series of writings on astronomy, chemistry, physics and mathematics.

She translated astronomer Pierre-Simon Laplace’s The Mechanism of the Heavens into English, and although she was unsatisfied with the result, it was used as a textbook for much of the next century. Somerville was one of the first two women, along with Caroline Herschel, to be named honorary members of the Royal Astronomical Society. - source: Smithsonian magazine

From 2017, her face is on £10 Scottish banknotes

## Known for

Mathematics (polymath)

Science writer/translator

Wrote an autobiography

## Find more

Wikipedia

Brainpickings : Meet Mary Somerville, for whom the word "scientist" was coined
Mary Anning (1799 – 1847)

In 1811, Mary Anning’s brother spotted what he thought was a crocodile skeleton in a seaside cliff near the family’s Lyme Regis, England, home. He charged his 11-year-old sister with its recovery, and she eventually dug out a skull and 60 vertebrae, selling them to a private collector for £23. This find was no croc, though, and was eventually named Ichthyosaurus, the “fish-lizard.” Thus began Anning’s long career as a fossil hunter. In addition to ichthyosaurs, she found long-necked plesiosaurs, a pterodactyl and hundreds, possibly thousands, of other fossils that helped scientists to draw a picture of the marine world 200 million to 140 million years ago during the Jurassic. She had little formal education and so taught herself anatomy, geology, paleontology and scientific illustration. Scientists of the time traveled from as far away as New York City to Lyme Regis to consult and hunt for fossils with Anning. - source: Smithsonian magazine

## Known for

Fossil collector

Paleontology

Fossil shop in Lyme Regis

## Find more

(LOTS of material, here's some)

Wikipedia

*The Fossil Hunter*, biography by Shelley Emling

## Works including her

*Ammonite*, film in production. Guardian story, with some history

*Curiosity* (2010) by Joan Thomas, historical fiction focusing on Mary Anning and Henry de la Beche

*Remarkable Creatures* (2009) by Tracy Chevalier, historical fiction in which Mary Anning and her colleague and friend, Elizabeth Philpot, are the main characters

*Blue Lias, or the Fish Lizard's Whore* (2007), a solo play by Claudia Stevens with music by Allen Shearer depicting Anning in later life.

(mention) *The French Lieutenant's Woman* (1969) by John Fowles, who was critical of the fact that no British scientist had named a species after her in her lifetime.
Clara Barton (1821-1912)

Clarissa "Clara" Harlowe Barton was a pioneering nurse who founded the American Red Cross. She was a hospital nurse in the US Civil War, a teacher, and patent clerk. Nursing education was not very formalized at that time and she did not attend nursing school, so she provided self-taught nursing care. Barton is noteworthy for doing humanitarian work at a time when relatively few women worked outside the home. source: Wikipedia

## Known for

Nursing, especially during US Civil War

Founding American Red Cross

Supporting women's suffrage and other civil rights

## Works based on

Numbering All the Bones (2005) by Ann Rinaldi, young adult historical fiction, features Barton and recounts the conditions at Andersonville prisoner of war camp.

"Angel of Mercy" (MGM, 1939), a biographical short film directed by Edward L. Cahn, starring Sara Haden as Barton and Ann Rutherford as a woman whose brother's death in a Civil War battle inspires her to join Barton in her work.

Mandy Moore plays Barton in an episode of Drunk History that features a summary of Barton's accomplishments during and after the Civil War as narrated by Amber Ruffin.
Florence Bailey (1863 - 1948)

A nature writer and ornithologist, Florence Bailey popularized natural history and wrote a number of books about birds and ornithology, including several popular bird guides.

Florence Augusta Merriam Bailey was a US ornithologist and nature writer. She organized early Audubon Society chapters and was an activist for bird protection. She wrote what is considered the first bird field guide in the modern tradition, Birds Through an Opera-Glass, published in 1890. Her extensive field work in the US West, often with her husband Vernon Bailey, was documented in several books, chief among them Handbook of Birds of the Western United States and The Birds of New Mexico. source: Wikipedia

## Known for

Birds Through an Opera Glass (1890), first modern field guide for birdwatchers

Work in bird conservation
Seja Hoje

### COLUNAS

Opiniões; Saúde; Trabalho e Prestação de Serviço; Culinária; Jornalismo; Entrevistas; Comportamento; Astrologia; Debates; Moda; Lazer; Espiritualidade; Música

## Produção

### APRESENTAÇÃO

Beth RussoSérgio Araújo

Ana Hickmann

### LOCALIZAÇÃO

Teatro Paulo Machado de Carvalho - São Paulo, SP (rede nacional)

## Pela internet

### PÁGINA OFICIAL

sejahoje@redereico.com.br

***Seja Hoje*** és um programa de variedades em forma de telerevista transmitido, produzido pela e Estúdios Reico de Televisão; distribuida pela; e exibida pela Rede Reico desde 25 de janeiro de 1993, em rede nacional. Incialmente, em 1993, eras apresentado pela jornalista Beth Russo

## O programa

Em 1993, Ana Maria Brouga e Louro Tião deixam
Anna Wessels Williams (1863 - 1954)

Infectious disease pioneer and public health advocate
In 1887 (age 24), Anna Williams's sister Millie became very ill during childbirth and, partly due to the inexperience of the person caring for her, lost her baby and almost died. Anna Williams decided that she would train as a physician to give herself more control in such terrible situations.

## Known for

Isolated a strain of the diptheria bacillus that was used to develop an antitoxin for diphtheria

Taught at Women's Medical College of the NY Infirmary, with Mary Putnam Jacobi and Emily Blackwell the and later worked on public policy issues with Emily Barringer

Worked as a bacteriologist at the first municipal diagnostic laboratory in the United States. Worked closely with the director, William H. Park, M.D., including research and also writing of an influential textbook and one of the first general-reader books on the topic: Pathogenic Micro-organisms Including Bacteria and Protozoa: A Practical Manual for Students, Physicians and Health Officers (1905) and Who’s Who among the Microbes (1929)

First woman to be elected chair of the laboratory section of the American Public Health Association

## Find more

NIH site

Wikipedia
Anna Wessels Williams, MD: Infectious Disease Pioneer and Public Health Advocate" (PDF). *American Association of Immunologists (AAI)*. Retrieved 28 July 2018.

In Rachel Swaby's *Headstrong: 52 Women Who Changed Science-and the World (2015)*
Laura Bassi (1711 - 1778)

Laura Maria Caterina Bassi was an Italian physicist and academic. She received a doctoral degree in Philosophy from the University of Bologna in May 1732.  She was the first woman to earn a professorship in physics at a university.  She is recognized as the first woman in the world to be appointed a university chair in a scientific field of studies. Bassi contributed immensely to the field of science while also helping to spread the study of Newtonian mechanics through Italy. - source: Wikipedia

## Known for

First female university professor of Europe
Ladies of Science Wiki

## Welcome to the Ladies of Science Wiki

Welcome to the wiki. We’re a collaborative community website about your topic that anyone, including you, can edit. Click the edit button at the top of any page to get started!

## Ladies whose stories should be told

Short notes with as many links as I can find on women doing science throughout history. I'm a novelist and I want people to write more stories about ladies of science for me to read, so trying to make it easy for writers to get started !

## Latest activity

Photos and videos are a great way to add visuals to your wiki. Add one below!

File:Placeholder
Libbie Hyman (1888 - 1969)

Libbie Henrietta Hyman, a U.S. zoologist, wrote the widely used A Laboratory Manual for Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy in 1922 (revised in 1942).

## Known for

At the request of the University of Chicago Press, Hyman wrote A Laboratory Manual for Elementary Zoology (1919), which promptly became widely used, to her astonishment. She followed this, again at the publisher's request, with A Laboratory Manual for Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy (1922), which also had great success.

In 1931, Hyman concluded that she could live on the royalties of her published books, and resigned her position at Chicago. She toured western Europe for fifteen months and then returned to begin writing a treatise on the invertebrates. Settling in New York City in order to use the library of the American Museum of Natural History, she became, in December 1936, an unpaid research associate of the museum, which provided her with an office for the rest of her life. She also spent several summers studying specimens and drawing illustrations at Bermuda Biological Laboratory, Marine Biological Laboratory, Mt. Desert Island Biological Laboratory, and Puget Sound Biological Station.

## Find more

Wikipedia

National Academy of Sciences
Emilie du Chatelet (1706 – 1749)

Gabrielle-Emilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, the daughter of the French court’s chief of protocol, married the marquis du Chatelet in 1725. She lived the life of a courtier and bore three children. But at age 27, she began studying mathematics seriously and then branched into physics.

This interest intensified as she began an affair with the philosopher Voltaire, who also had a love of science. Their scientific collaborations—they outfitted a laboratory at du Chatelet’s home, Chateau de Cirey, and, in a bit of a competition, each entered an essay into a contest on the nature of fire (neither won)—outlasted their romance.

At age 43, she fell in love with a young military officer and became pregnant; she died following complications during the birth of their child. -- source: Smithsonian magazine

## Known for

Natural philosophy that combines Newtonian physics with Leibnizian metaphysics
Cristina Roccati (1732 – 1797)

Cristina Roccati was an Italian scholar and poet. She was on her way to an illustrious academic career following a degree at the University of Bologna (1751), only the third academic qualification ever bestowed on a woman by an Italian university, when economic problems impelled her return to the Venetian provinces (Rovigo), where she nonetheless continued to teach physics for decades.

## Find more

Wikipedia

Wikipedia Italian entry
Harriet Brooks (1876 - 1933)

Harriet Brooks was the first Canadian female nuclear physicist. She is most famous for her research on nuclear transmutations and radioactivity. Ernest Rutherford, who guided her graduate work, regarded her as being next to Marie Curie in the caliberof her aptitude. She was among the first persons to discover radon and to try to determine its atomic mass. source: Wikipedia
Grace Hopper (1906 - 1992)

Grace Hopper was a computer scientist in the United States Navy whose ideas led to the development of the widely used computer language COBOL. Hopper rose to the rank of rear admiral and served as a private consultant to Digital Corp. until her death.

## Known for

Popularizing women in computing

Invented one of the first compiler-related tools

   Popularized the idea of machine-independent programming languages, which led to the development of COBOL, an early high-level programming language still in use

Grace Hopper is famous for her nanoseconds visual aid. People (such as generals and admirals) used to ask her why satellite communication took so long. She started handing out pieces of wire that were just under one foot long (11.8 inches (30 cm)—the distance that light travels in one nanosecond. She gave these pieces of wire the metonym "**nanoseconds**." She was careful to tell her audience that the length of her nanoseconds was actually the maximum speed the signals would travel in a vacuum, and that signals would travel more slowly through the actual wires that were her teaching aids. Later she used the same pieces of wire to illustrate why computers had to be small to be fast. At many of her talks and visits, she handed out "nanoseconds" to everyone in the audience, contrasting them with a coil of wire 984 feet (300 meters) long,[40] representing a microsecond. Later, while giving these lectures while working for DEC, she passed out packets of pepper, calling the individual grains of ground pepper picoseconds

While she was working on a Mark II Computer at Harvard University in 1947,[37] her associates discovered a moth that was stuck in a relay; the moth impeded the operation of the relay. While neither Hopper nor her crew mentioned the phrase "debugging" in their logs, the case was held as an instance of literal "**debugging**." For many years, the term bug had been in use in engineering. Source: Wikipedia

## Find more

Wikipedia

Oral History of Captain Grace Hopper - Interviewed by: Angeline Pantages 1980, Naval Data Automation Command, Maryland.

## Works based on

The Queen of Code (2015), a documentary film about Grace Hopper produced by FiveThirtyEight.
Annie Easley (1933 - 2011)

Annie J. Easley was an African-American computer scientist, mathematician, and rocket scientist. She worked for the Lewis Research Center (now Glenn Research Center) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and its predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). She was a leading member of the team that developed software for the Centaur rocket stage and one of the first African-Americans to work as a computer scientist at NASA. source: Wikipedia

## Known for

Work at NASA

Centaur rocket stage

## Find more

NASA.gov

Wikipedia

Warren, Wini (1999). Black women scientists in the United States.
Marie Maynard Daly (1921 - 2003)

US biochemist. She was the first Black American woman in the United States to earn a Ph.D. in chemistry (awarded by Columbia University in 1947).
In 1975, Daly was one of 30 minority women scientists to attend a conference examining the challenges facing minority women in STEM fields. The conference was held by the American Association for the Advancement of Science. This resulted in the publication of the report, The Double Bind: The Price of Being a Minority Woman in Science (1976). which made recommendations for recruiting and retaining minority women scientists. Source: Wikipedia

## Known for

Research in

the chemistry of histones

protein synthesis

the relationships between cholesterol and hypertension

creatine's uptake by muscle cells

## Find more

Wikipedia

Listing in Distinguished African American Scientists of the 20th Century (1996)  Kessler, Morin, Kidd, Kidd (via Google books)
Maria Mitchell (1818 – 1889)

Young Maria Mitchell learned to observe the stars from her father, who used stellar observations to check the accuracy of chronometers for Nantucket, Massachusetts, whalers and taught his children to use a sextant and reflecting telescope. When Mitchell was 12, she helped her father record the time of an eclipse. And at 17, she had already begun her own school for girls, teaching them science and math. But Mitchell rocketed to the forefront of American astronomy in 1847 when she spotted a blurry streak—a comet—through her telescope. She was honored around the world, earning a medal from the king of Denmark, and became the first woman to be elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1857 Mitchell traveled to Europe, where she visited observatories and met with intellectuals, including Mary Somerville. Mitchell would write: “I could not help but admire [her] as a woman. The ascent of the steep and rugged path of science has not unfitted her for the drawing room circle; the hours of devotion to close study have not been incompatible with the duties of wife and mother.” Mitchell became the first female astronomy professor in the United States, when she was hired by Vassar College in 1865. There she continued her observations, particularly those of the Sun, traveling up to 2,000 miles to witness an eclipse. - source: Smithsonian magazine

## Known for

   Spotting comets, starting with C/1847 T1 in 1847

First woman elected to American Academy of Arts and Science

First woman astronomy professor, hired by Vassar College

Teaching many other women scientists

In protest against slavery, she stopped wearing clothes made of southern cotton. She was friends with various suffragists, including Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and co-founded the Association for the Advancement of Women in 1873.

## Find more

Wikipedia

*Sweeper in the Sky: The Life of Maria Mitchell* (1949)by Helen Wright, full text  at digitallibrary.upenn.edu

Maria Mitchell: Life, Letters, and Journals (1896) by Maria Mitchell, compiled by Phebe Mitchell Kendall, full text at gutenberg.org

more texts listed  at archive.org
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836 - 1917)

Elizabeth Garrett Anderson was an English physician and suffragist. She was the first woman to qualify in Britain as a physician and surgeon, by studying privately with male physicians. She was the co-founder of the first hospital staffed by women, the first dean of a British medical school, the first woman in Britain to be elected to a school board and, as Mayor of Aldeburgh, the first female mayor and magistrate in Britain. source: Wikipedia
She once remarked that “a doctor leads two lives, the professional and the private, and the boundaries between the two are never traversed."
Her first child, Louisa (1873-1943), also became a physician and a feminist activist.

## Known for

First woman to openly gain a medical qualification in Britain

Creating a medical school for women

## Find more

Wikipedia

BBC history pages

Spartacus  (UK school reference site)

"Elizabeth Garrett Anderson: early pioneer of women in medicine" (2017) by Laura Kelly, in The Lancet journal

The Pioneering Garretts: Breaking the Barriers for Women (2008) by Jenifer Glynn

Enterprising Women: The Garretts and their Circle (2006) by Elizabeth Crawford
Ranya (programa de televisão)

***Ranya*** é um talk show vespertino buasileiro apresentado por Ranya Marcelino; dirigido por Alberto Lemos; transmitido e produzido pela Happy End Estúdios e Estúdios Tupi de Televisão; e exibido pela Rede Tupi de .

## Classificação indicativa

De 1994 a 1999, o programa era classificado como inadequado para menores de 14 anos.
Helen Brooke Taussig (1898 - 1986)

US cardiologist, working in Baltimore and Boston, who founded the field of pediatric cardiology. Notably, she is credited with developing the concept for a procedure that would extend the lives of children born with Tetralogy of Fallot (the most common cause of blue baby syndrome). This concept was applied in practice as a procedure known as the Blalock-Thomas-Taussig shunt. The procedure was developed by Alfred Blalock and Vivien Thomas, who were Taussig's colleagues at the Johns Hopkins Hospital.

Taussig is also known for her work in banning thalidomide and was widely recognized as a highly skilled physician.

Taussig studied histology, bacteriology, and anatomy at both Harvard Medical School and Boston University, though neither school allowed her to earn a degree. She was particularly discriminated against in her histology class, where she was barred from speaking to her male classmates for fear of "contamination." She applied to the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and was accepted as a full-degree candidate. She completed her MD degree in 1927 at Johns Hopkins, where she then remained for one year as a cardiology fellow and for two years as a pediatrics intern.

Dr. Taussig became deaf in the later part of her career. She learned to use lip-reading techniques and hearing aids to speak with her patients, and her fingers rather than a stethoscope to feel the rhythm of their heartbeats and to lip read.

## Known for

Recognizing  the cause of "blue baby" syndrome, a cardiopulmonary condition often fatal in newborns.

Developing the Blalock-Thomas-Taussig shunt

Identifying the drug Thalidomide as the cause of a rash of birth defects in Europe, and working to ban the drug

## Find more

Wikipedia

In the 2004 HBO movie Something the Lord Made, Taussig was portrayed by Mary Stuart Masterson.
Caroline Herschel (1750 – 1848)

Herschel was little more than the household drudge for her parents in Hanover, Germany (she would later describe herself as the “Cinderella of the family”), when her older brother, William, brought her to England in 1772 to run his household in Bath. After she mastered the art of singing—to accompany William, who was the organist for the Octagon Chapel—her brother switched careers and went into astronomy. Caroline followed. In addition to assisting her brother in his observations and in the building of telescopes, Caroline became a brilliant astronomer in her own right, discovering new nebulae and star clusters. She was the first woman to discover a comet (she discovered eight in total) and the first to have her work published by the Royal Society. She was also the first British woman to get paid for her scientific work, when William, who had been named the king’s personal astronomer after his discovery of Uranus in 1781, persuaded his patron to reward his assistant with an annual salary. After William’s death in 1822, Caroline retired to Hanover. There she continued her astronomical work, compiling a catalogue of nebulae—the Herschels’ work had increased the number of known star clusters from 100 to 2,500. She died in 1848 at age 97 after receiving many honors in her field, including a gold medal from the Royal Astronomical Society. -- source: Smithsonian magazine

## Known for

Discovering several comets

First British woman paid for her scientific work

Received gold medal from the Royal Astronomical Society

## Find out more

Wikipedia , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline\_Herschel
Irène Joliot-Curie (1897 – 1956)

The elder daughter of Pierre and Marie Curie, Irène followed her parents’ footsteps into the lab. The thesis for her 1925 doctor of science was on the alpha rays of polonium, one of the two elements her mother discovered. The next year, she married Frédéric Joliot, one of her mother’s assistants at the Radium Institute in Paris. Irène and Frédéric continued their collaboration inside the laboratory, pursuing research on the structure of the atom. In 1934, they discovered artificial radioactivity by bombarding aluminum, boron and magnesium with alpha particles to produce isotopes of nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon and aluminum. They received the Nobel Prize in chemistry the next year, making Marie and Irène the first parent-child couple to have independently won Nobels. All those years working with radioactivity took a toll, however, and Irène died of leukemia in 1956. - Source: Smithsonian magazine

## Known for

Jointly with her husband, Joliot-Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935 for their discovery of artificial radioactivity.

Both children of the Joliot-Curies, Hélène and Pierre, are also esteemed scientists
Rachel Carson (1907 - 1964)

Rachel Carson was a US marine biologist, author, and conservationist whose book Silent Spring and other writings are credited with advancing the global environmental movement.
Carson began her career as an aquatic biologist in the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, and became a full-time nature writer in the 1950s. Her widely praised 1951 bestseller The Sea Around Us won her a U.S. National Book Award, recognition as a gifted writer, and financial security. Her next book, The Edge of the Sea, and the reissued version of her first book, Under the Sea Wind, were also bestsellers. This sea trilogy explores the whole of ocean life from the shores to the depths.
Late in the 1950s, Carson turned her attention to conservation, especially some problems that she believed were caused by synthetic pesticides. The result was the book Silent Spring (1962), which brought environmental concerns to an unprecedented share of the American people. Although Silent Spring was met with fierce opposition by chemical companies, it spurred a reversal in national pesticide policy, which led to a nationwide ban on DDT and other pesticides. It also inspired a grassroots environmental movement that led to the creation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. source: Wikipedia

## Known for

The Sea Around Us (1951)

Silent Spring (1962), first serialized in 3 parts in the New Yorker. Naturalist Sir David Attenborough has said that Silent Spring was probably the book that had changed the scientific world the most, after the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin.

Always, Rachel: The Letters of Rachel Carson and Dorothy Freeman, 1952–1964: An Intimate Portrait of a Remarkable Friendship (1995)

Inspiring a grassroots environmental movement that led to the creation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

## Find more

Wikipedia

Rachel Carson, Voice for the Earth (2007), by Ginger Wadsworth, biography for young readers
Mary Emilie Holmes (1850-1906)

Mary Emilie Holmes waa a geologist and educator who became the first woman to be elected a fellow of the Geological Society of America.

She was also one of the cofounders of a seminary for young black women that evolved into Mary Holmes College, which was named in memory of her mother. source: Wikipedia

Holmes's career as a scientist was very short, encompassing mainly the years between 1885 and 1892; this may have been due in part to the fact that this was a period when the earth sciences were considered the exclusive realm of men and there were few precedents for women making a career in the field. It would be the second woman elected to the Geological Society of America, Florence Bascom, who would become the first American woman to attain a career as a fully professional geologist and college professor.

## Known for

Find more
Wikipedia
Hilda Petrie (1871 - 1957)

Hilda Mary Isabel Petrie was an Irish-born Egyptologist and wife of Flinders Petrie, “the father of scientific archaeology.” Having studied geology, she was hired by Flinders Petrie at age 25 as an artist, which led to their marriage and a working partnership that endured for their lifetimes. Hilda travelled and worked with Flinders to excavate and record numerous sites in Egypt, and later in Palestine. This included directing some excavations herself, and working in often difficult and dangerous conditions to produce copies of tomb hieroglyphs and plans, and to record the work for reports to the Egypt Exploration Fund. When the British School of Archaeology in Egypt was founded in 1905 in London by Flinders, she worked as its secretary and fundraiser to secure support for the school and their continued excavations. Hilda took part in archaeological excavations and surveys throughout her married life, except for a period while their two children were young. Her work was published, and she also gave public lectures in London and elsewhere. Source: Wikipedia

## Known for

Archaeology

Egyptian Hieroglyphs of the first and second dynasties, drawn by Hilda Petrie, Quaritch, London 1927

Seven Memphite tomb chapels, Inscriptions by Margaret A[lice] Murray. Drawings by F. Hansard, F. Kingsford, and L. Eckenstein. Drawings and plans by H. F. Petrie, British School of Egyptian Archaeology and Quaritch, London 1952

Side Notes on the Bible: From Flinders Petrie's Discoveries, Search Publishing Company Limited, London 1933

## Find more

Wikipedia

Margaret S. Drower: *Hilda Mary Isabel Petrie.* In: *Breaking Grounds. Women in Old World Archaeology* (PDF; 408 kB)
Jane Goodall (1934 - )

Dame Jane Morris Goodall DBE, born Valerie Jane Morris-Goodall, formerly Baroness Jane van Lawick-Goodall, is an English primatologist and anthropologist. Considered to be the world's foremost expert on chimpanzees, Goodall is best known for her over 55-year study of social and family interactions of wild chimpanzees since she first went to Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania in 1960.] She is the founder of the Jane Goodall Institute and the Roots & Shoots programme, and she has worked extensively on conservation and animal welfare issues. She has served on the board of the Nonhuman Rights Project since its founding in 1996. In April 2002, she was named a UN Messenger of Peace. source: Wikipedia

## Known for

Study of chimpanzee social and family life

conservation

animal welfare

Louis Leakey arranged funding and in 1962, he sent Goodall, who had no degree, to Cambridge, where whe obtained a PhD degree in ethology. She was the eighth person to be allowed to study for a PhD there without first having obtained a BA or BSc.

## Find more

Wikipedia

*The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior* (1986)

*Beyond Innocence: An Autobiography in Letters, the later years* (edited by Dale Peterson) (2001)

More than 40 films, most recently (2017) *Jane,* biographical documentary directed and written by Brett Morgen, music by Philip Glass
Eva Crane (1912 - 2007)

Crane founded and served as the director of the International Bee Research Association from 1949 to 1983. She originally trained in mathematics and obtained her doctorate in nuclear physics. She became interested in studying bees after someone gave her a gift of a bee swarm as a wedding present. She spent decades researching bees, traveling to more than 60 countries, often under primitive conditions. source: Wikipedia

*The New York Times* reported that "Dr. Crane wrote some of the most important books on bees and apiculture" and noted "Her older sister, Elsie Widdowson, who never retired either, helped revolutionize the field of nutrition, showing similar energy chasing seals on ice floes to study their eating habits."

## Known for

Apiology (study of bees)

*Honey: A Comprehensive Survey* (1975), in which she contributed several important chapters, and edited, came about because she told the publisher (Heinemann Press) that a book on the subject was sorely needed.

*Bees and Beekeeping: science, practice and world resources* (1990) and *The World History of Beekeeping and Honey Hunting* (1999) are also regarded as seminal in the beekeeping world.

## Find more

Wikipedia

Eva Crane Trust
Winifred Goldring (1888 - 1971)

Winifred Goldring worked on research and education in paleontology and published several handbooks on the topic for laypeople and for professionals. She was the first US woman  appointed as a state paleontologist and the first woman president of the Paleontological Society.

## Known for

First woman appointed as a state paleontologist

First woman president of the Paleontological Society

Work included a description of stromatolites, as well as a deep study of Devonian crinoids

Educational approach to museums, including creating two geological models that were made to teach geological basics. They were titled “What is a Fossil” and “What is a Geological Formation”

## Find more

Wikipedia

Trowel Blazers
Sarah Ann Hackett Stevenson (1841 - 1909)

A US physcician in Illinois, the first female member of the American Medical Association (AMA), as an Illinois State Medical Society delegate in 1876. She was a leader and advocate for the emancipation of women and for the equal treatment of men and women.

Sarah Stevenson was a pioneer woman physician and medical teacher, a professor of obstetrics and the American Medical Association's first female member.

## Known for

She was the first of many: the first woman member of the American Medical Association (AMA), the first woman appointed on the State Board of Health, and the first woman to be on staff at the Cook County Hospital.

Dr. Stevenson opted to resign from her position at the Woman’s Medical College because she believed the segregation of sexes in medical school was no longer needed.

In 1893, Stevenson proposed to the Chicago Woman's Club to create a safe home for women and children without funds and in of shelter. Her proposal was accepted by many and followed by donations from various individuals and other clubs; the Woman's Model Lodging House was then opened to the public as a result of Stevenson's plea to help those in need.