India

**India** (Hindi: **भारत**), is the country in South Asia. This area is 3,287,263 km2, and this population is currently 1,4 Billion.

## History

The Stone Age is marked by the presence of stone collection sites and paintings at Bhimbetka located in the state of Madhya Pradesh, an early step in the discovery of human life in India. The first permanent settlement in India has existed since 9,000 years ago. It then evolved into the Indus Valley Civilization, approximately 3300 BC in West India. This is something followed by the Vedic civilization which is based on Hinduism and other cultural aspects of the early Indian society. Around 550 BC, many independent kingdoms and republics known as Mahajanapadas were formed in all the countries that would later be based on the existence of ancient India.
The kingdoms formed by the Mauryan Dynasty under Emperor Asoka the Great merged with the most modern kingdoms in South Asia except for the Dravidian Kingdom in the south. From 180 BC, there was a series of invasions from Central Asia followed by Indo-Greece, Indo-Scythia, Indo-Parthia, and Kushan in the northwestern Indian subcontinent. In the third century, the Gupta Dynasty took care of and observed a period called Ancient India or Golden Age. While the northern part had a larger area, fewer kingdoms. In the south there are several dynasties such as Chalukya, Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas, Cheras, Chola, Pallavas and Pandya with different regions. The political influence of the kingdoms in the southern part is very rohakana, although it is at a lower level than the kingdoms in the northern part of India which extended to the Southeast Asian region and Sri Lanka which was influenced by their culture. The kingdoms in the south were more stable and could conduct maritime businesses that sold spices and gems to the countries of Saudi Arabia, China, and Europe from ancient times. Science, technique, art, literature, mathematics, astronomy, religion and philosophy grew and flourished under the leadership of these kings.

After the invasion of Central Asia, between the 10th and 12th centuries, many areas in North India were controlled by the Delhi Kingdom. Then the Mughal Dynasty expanded its territory over some of the Indian subcontinent. But only a few indigenous kingdoms were then flourished, especially those in the south such as the Kingdom of Wijayanagara. From the sixteenth century onwards, several European countries including Portugal, the Netherlands, France, and England began to come as traders. They then took advantage of the fractious nature among the kingdoms to build colonies in these countries. In 1856, most of India was under the control of the British East India Company. A year from then, the national uprising failed when it tried to revolt against military and royal units, known locally as the First Indian War of Independence (known as the Sepoy Rebellion), causing India to be under direct control from the United Kingdom as a British colony.

The beginning of the 21st century national struggle for independence was initiated by the Indian National Congress and some revolutionary groups. This movement largely led by Mahatma Gandhi and Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Subhash Chandra Bose had important roles.

Millions of protests took place in a variety of civilian mass campaigns, with commitments to ahimsa or non-violence. Finally, after the exit of the Indian Civil Resistance Movement during World War II, and a number of post -war armed uprisings, India became independent from British occupation on 15 August 1947. Three years later, on 26 January 1950, India drafted a new and amended constitution. became a republic.
After independence, many rebellions in the regions. There was a territorial dispute with China that ensued, which led to the Sino-Indian War in 1962; between India and Pakistan, which eventually led to wars in 1947, 1965, 1971, and the war in Kargil in 1999. India was a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement and the United Nations (during that time it was still part of British India). In 1974, India conducted an underground nuclear test. This was followed by five other tests in 1998. Significant economic reforms starting from 1991 resulted in India becoming one of the slowest economic growth countries in the world. The poverty rate in 1996 dropped to 22% in 2006.