Ole Kirk Christiansen

**Ole Kirk Christiansen** (April 7, 1891 – March 11, 1958) was the founder of The LEGO Group. He was married to Kirstine Sørensen and father of Johannes Christiansen, Karl Georg Kirk Christiansen, Godtfred Kirk Christiansen and Gerhardt Kirk Christiansen. He was born in the village of Filskov, located between the towns of Sonder Omme and Give in Central Jutland Denmark. He was one of 10 children of Jens Niels Christiansen and Kirstine (Andersen) Christiansen. He died on March 11, 1958. He appeared in the animated short "The LEGO Story".

## History

### Early ages

In 1905, 14-year-old Ole was apprenticed to his older brother, Kristian Bonde Christiansen to learn carpentry. In 1911, Ole left Denmark to work abroad as a carpenter, first in Germany, then in Norway. In 1916, Ole returned to Denmark and, using his savings, bought the Billund Maskinsnedkeri og Tømreforretning (The Billund Carpentry Shop and Lumberyard). Around this time, he married Kirstine Sörensen, whom he met in Norway and they soon started a family. They had 4 children: Johannes Christiansen (b.1917), Karl Georg Kirk Christiansen (1919), Godtfred Kirk Christiansen (1920) and Gerhardt Kirk Christiansen (1926).

### The First Fire

On a Sunday afternoon in 1924, while Ole and Kirstine were napping, Karl Georg Kirk Christiansen (then 5 years old) and Godtfred Kirk Christiansen were playing in the shop and set fire to some wood shavings with a glue smelter. The shop and the house burned to the ground. Undaunted, Ole had an architect draw up plans and built a new, larger building. The new building was much larger than he could afford so Ole and his family lived in a single apartment next to the shop in the back and rented the other rooms out. The building, which would be known for its large dormer and two lions flanking the front door, is now part of the LEGO Group and is one of only a few of Ole’s buildings that still exist.

The Great Depression reached Denmark in 1930; agriculture was the first sector to be hit and the effect was devastating for the farmers around Billund. As orders for new work dwindled, Ole struggled to survive.With virtually no new construction work, Ole turned to making small household items that farmers could afford, such as trestle ladders, step ladders, ironing boards, stools, Christmas tree stands and small toys. In the middle of the Great Depression, Ole continued to make small household items and Wooden Toys. The same year, Godtfred Kirk Christiansen began working with his father in the business, and the two expanded their line of toys; the 1932 price list shows no less than 28 different designs. Ole’s first wood toys were large and simple in construction. His first designs included mostly vehicles, ferries, airplanes and buses, such as the massive 6 Hjul Rutebil (6-wheeled bus). Although simple in design, the toys were finished impeccably and built with the same quality that Ole made furniture. Wood, typically birch, was brought in from the forest and air-dried for two years, then kiln-dried for three weeks. The assembled toys were sealed, sanded, primed and finished with three coats of paint. In 1932, Kirstine died, leaving Ole to raise their four sons alone.

1934 — With toys now the primary focus of the business, Ole held a contest for a new name. He chooses his own entry: LEGO. The next series of designs, from around 1935, included a number of animal models, including the classic pull-along LEGO Duck. These designs were more complex and often required jig work from a pattern; a pattern that Ole would carefully draft himself. The animal models were produced until 1958. Over time, Ole expanded the range with more, and more complex, wooden designs. By the 1950s, LEGO was producing so many different wooden toys that today it would be difficult for even the LEGO Group to catalog them all. In addition to the many car, truck and animal models there were also sailboats, tractors, cranes, farm implements, coat hangers, doll buggies, sewing machines, bagatelle games, traditional wooden blocks, chalkboards, board games, and an abacus.

1940 — World War II: Germany invades Denmark and Norway in *Operation Weserübung*. For the next five years, Denmark would be under German occupation.

### The Second Fire

On the night of 22 March 1942, a short circuit caused an electrical fire and the LEGO factory and warehouse burned down. As before, Ole rebuilt and carried on. He took out several loans and built a new, larger 2300-square-metre building on the same grounds as the old workshop. It was the company’s first factory designed for assembly line production. By 1944, LEGO had 40 employees.

1947 Kiddicraft

Hilary Fisher Page began marketing the Kiddicraft Self-Locking Building Brick in England. It was the forerunner of the LEGO brick. Around the end of the war, Godtfred married Dana, the daughter of a cheesemaker from a neighboring village, and they started a family. Gunhild Kirk Johansen, *née* Kristiansen, was born in 1946, Kjeld Kirk Kristiansen in December 1947, and Hanne Kristiansen in 1949.

In 1947 he was visited by a salesman from Hull who represented a British machine-tool company trying to find new markets for their injection molding equipment. Against the advice of those around him, he bought one of the machines. The new machine cost 30,000 DKK, more than twice the previous year's profits. Along with the new machine, Ole received several sample parts showing its capabilities. Among these were samples of a toy brick made by Injection Moulders, Ltd. of London. It was Hilary Fisher Page’s Kiddicraft brick.

"*With the cooperation of a tooling works in Copenhagen, we modified the design of the brick, and moulds were made. The modifications in relation to the Kiddicraft bricks included straightening round corners and converting inches to cm and mm, which altered the size of the brick by approx. 0.1 mm in relation to the Kiddicraft brick. The studs on the bricks were also flattened on top.*" (Godtfred Kirk Christiansen).

1949: After two years of development, LEGO produced its first plastic toys. Among these was a plastic brick named the Automatic Binding Brick. By the late 1940s, all of Ole Kirk Christiansen's sons were working in the factory.

In 1951 Ole suffers a stroke, beginning the decline in his health. Sales of both the wooden and plastic toys continued to go well and in 1952 Ole decided to expand the factory, an expansion much larger than what was needed. Godtfred protested the new expansion. After all, they had just paid off the 1942 factory and didn’t need to go right back into debt, but Ole simply said "*I’ll decide what's to be built - your job is to raise the money!*" The final cost of the expansion was 350,c000 DKK

### 1957 Jubilee Year

LEGO celebrates its 25th anniversary. Godtfred Kirk Christiansen is named Managing Director, Karl Georg Kirk Christiansen the director of plastics production and Gerhardt Kirk Christiansen the director of wood products manufacturing

1958 Ole Kirk Christiansen dies in March and Godtfred is named the new director.

### The Third Fire

On 4 February 1960, the LEGO department for wooden toy production was struck by lightning and burned down. After much consideration, it was decided to discontinue production of wooden toys and to concentrate solely on plastic toys. As a result, two of the brothers; Karl Georg and Gerhardt decided to leave the LEGO company and start their own separate business, BILOfix.

Ole Kirk's grandson Kjeld Kirk Kristiansen is the current vice chairman of the board of LEGO. He was chief executive from 1979 until 2004, when Jørgen Vig Knudstorp, a former McKinsey consultant, became the new Chairman of the Board.

### Death

Ole Kirk Christiansen passed away on the 11th of March 1958. He died of a heart attack aged sixty-six years old. His third son (Godtfred Kirk Christiansen) soon took over the company.