List of birds of El Salvador

North American animals Wiki list articleTemplate:SHORTDESC:North American animals Wiki list article

This is a **list of the bird species recorded in El Salvador**. The avifauna of El Salvador included a total of 589 species as of May 2021, according to *Bird Checklists of the World*. Of them, 134 are rare or accidental and six have been introduced by humans.

This list is presented in the taxonomic sequence of the *Check-list of North and Middle American Birds*, 7th edition through the 62nd Supplement, published by the American Ornithological Society (AOS). Common and scientific names are also those of the *Check-list*, except that the common names of families are from the Clements taxonomy because the AOS list does not include them.

Unless otherwise noted, the species on this list are considered to occur regularly in El Salvador as permanent residents, summer or winter visitors, or migrants. The following tags have been used to highlight several categories. The tags and notes of population status are from *Bird Checklists of the World*.

* (A) **Accidental** - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in El Salvador
* (I) **Introduced** - a species introduced to El Salvador as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions

## Tinamous

**Order**: Tinamiformes   **Family**: Tinamidae

The tinamous are one of the most ancient groups of birds. Although they look similar to other ground-dwelling birds like quail and grouse, they have no close relatives and are classified as a single family, Tinamidae, within their own order, the Tinamiformes. They are distantly related to the ratites (order Struthioniformes), that includes the rheas, emu, and kiwi.

* Thicket tinamou, *Crypturellus cinnamomeus*

## Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

**Order**: Anseriformes   **Family**: Anatidae

The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.

* Black-bellied whistling-duck, *Dendrocygna autumnalis*
* Fulvous whistling-duck, *Dendrocygna bicolor*
* Snow goose, *Anser caerulescens* (A)
* Muscovy duck, *Cairina moschata*
* Blue-winged teal, *Spatula discors*
* Cinnamon teal, *Spatula cyanoptera*
* Northern shoveler, *Spatula clypeata*
* American wigeon, *Mareca americana*
* Mallard, *Anas platyrhynchos* (I)
* Northern pintail, *Anas acuta*
* Green-winged teal, *Anas crecca* (A)
* Redhead, *Aythya americana* (A)
* Ring-necked duck, *Aythya collaris*
* Lesser scaup, *Aythya affinis*
* Surf scoter, *Melanitta perspicillata* (A)
* Red-breasted merganser, *Mergus serrator* (A)
* Masked duck, *Nomonyx dominicus* (A)
* Ruddy duck, *Oxyura jamaicensis*

## Guans, chachalacas, and curassows

**Order**: Galliformes   **Family**: Cracidae

The Cracidae are large birds, similar in general appearance to turkeys. The guans and curassows live in trees, but the smaller chachalacas are found in more open scrubby habitats. They are generally dull-plumaged, but the curassows and some guans have colorful facial ornaments.

* Plain chachalaca, *Ortalis vetula*
* White-bellied chachalaca, *Ortalis leucogastra*
* Crested guan, *Penelope purpurascens*
* Highland guan, *Penelopina nigra* (vulnerable)
* Great curassow, *Crax rubra* (vulnerable)

## New World quail

**Order**: Galliformes   **Family**: Odontophoridae

The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits.

* Buffy-crowned wood-partridge, *Dendrortyx leucophrys*
* Crested bobwhite, *Colinus cristatus*
* Ocellated quail, *Cyrtonyx ocellatus* (A) (vulnerable)
* Singing quail, *Dactylortyx thoracicus*

## Grebes

**Order**: Podicipediformes   **Family**: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.

* Least grebe, *Tachybaptus dominicus*
* Pied-billed grebe, *Podilymbus podiceps*
* Eared grebe, *Podiceps nigricollis* (A)

## Pigeons and doves

**Order**: Columbiformes   **Family**: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

* Rock pigeon, *Columba livia* (I)
* Red-billed pigeon, *Patagioenas flavirostris*
* Band-tailed pigeon, *Patagioenas fasciata*
* African collared-dove, *Streptopelia roseogrisea* (I) (A)
* Eurasian collared-dove, *Streptopelia decaocto* (I) (A)
* Inca dove, *Columbina inca*
* Common ground dove, *Columbina passerina*
* Plain-breasted ground dove, *Columbina minuta*
* Ruddy ground dove, *Columbina talpacoti*
* Blue ground dove, *Claravis pretiosa*
* Maroon-chested ground dove, *Paraclaravis mondetoura* (A)
* Ruddy quail-dove, *Geotrygon montana*
* White-tipped dove, *Leptotila verreauxi*
* White-faced quail-dove, *Zentrygon albifacies*
* White-winged dove, *Zenaida asiatica*
* Mourning dove, *Zenaida macroura*

## Cuckoos

**Order**: Cuculiformes   **Family**: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails, and strong legs.

* Groove-billed ani, *Crotophaga sulcirostris*
* Striped cuckoo, *Tapera naevia*
* Pheasant cuckoo, *Dromococcyx phasianellus*
* Lesser ground-cuckoo, *Morococcyx erythropygus*
* Lesser roadrunner, *Geococcyx velox*
* Squirrel cuckoo, *Piaya cayana*
* Yellow-billed cuckoo, *Coccyzus americanus*
* Mangrove cuckoo, *Coccyzus minor*
* Black-billed cuckoo, *Coccyzus erythropthalmus*

## Nightjars and allies

**Order**: Caprimulgiformes   **Family**: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds which usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.

* Lesser nighthawk, *Chordeiles acutipennis*
* Common nighthawk, *Chordeiles minor* (A)
* Common pauraque, *Nyctidromus albicollis*
* Chuck-will's-widow, *Antrostomus carolinensis* (near-threatened)
* Buff-collared nightjar, *Antrostomus ridgwayi* (A)
* Eastern whip-poor-will, *Antrostomus vociferus* (near-threatened)
* Mexican whip-poor-will, *Antrostomus arizonae*

## Potoos

**Order**: Nyctibiiformes   **Family**: Nyctibiidae

The potoos (sometimes called poor-me-ones) are large near passerine birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths. They are nocturnal insectivores which lack the bristles around the mouth found in the true nightjars.

* Northern potoo, *Nyctibius jamaicensis*

## Swifts

**Order**: Apodiformes   **Family**: Apodidae

Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

* Black swift, *Cypseloides niger* (vulnerable)
* Chestnut-collared swift, *Streptoprocne rutila*
* White-collared swift, *Streptoprocne zonaris*
* Chimney swift, *Chaetura pelagica* (A) (vulnerable)
* Vaux's swift, *Chaetura vauxi* (A)
* White-throated swift, *Aeronautes saxatalis*
* Lesser swallow-tailed swift, *Panyptila cayennensis* (A)
* Great swallow-tailed swift, *Panyptila sanctihieronymi*

## Hummingbirds

**Order**: Apodiformes   **Family**: Trochilidae

Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards.

* White-necked jacobin, *Florisuga mellivora* (A)
* Brown Violetear, *Colibri delphinae* (A)
* Mexican violetear, *Colibri thalassinus*
* Green-breasted mango, *Anthracothorax prevostii*
* Rivoli's hummingbird, *Eugenes fulgens*
* Long-billed starthroat, *Heliomaster longirostris*
* Plain-capped starthroat, *Heliomaster constantii*
* Green-throated mountain-gem, *Lampornis viridipallens*
* Amethyst-throated mountain-gem, *Lampornis amethystinus*
* Garnet-throated hummingbird, *Lamprolaima rhami*
* Slender sheartail, *Doricha enicura* (A)
* Sparkling-tailed hummingbird, *Tilmatura dupontii*
* Ruby-throated hummingbird, *Archilochus colubris*
* Broad-tailed hummingbird, *Selasphorus platycercus* (A)
* Wine-throated hummingbird, *Selasphorus ellioti*
* Canivet's emerald, *Cynanthus canivetii* (A)
* White-eared hummingbird, *Basilinna leucotis*
* Rufous sabrewing, *Pampa rufa*
* Emerald-chinned hummingbird, *Abeillia abeillei*
* Violet sabrewing, *Campylopterus hemileucurus*
* Azure-crowned hummingbird, *Saucerottia cyanocephala*
* Berylline hummingbird, *Saucerottia beryllina*
* Blue-tailed hummingbird, *Saucerottia cyanura* (A)
* Cinnamon hummingbird, *Amazilia rutila*
* White-bellied emerald, *Chlorestes candida*
* Blue-throated goldentail, *Chlorestes eliciae*

## Rails, gallinules, and coots

**Order**: Gruiformes   **Family**: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

* Spotted rail, *Pardirallus maculatus* (A)
* Rufous-necked wood-rail, *Aramides axillaris*
* Russet-naped wood-rail, *Aramides albiventris*
* Mangrove rail, *Rallus longirostris*
* Sora, *Porzana carolina*
* Common gallinule, *Gallinula galeata*
* American coot, *Fulica americana*
* Purple gallinule, *Porphyrio martinicus*
* Yellow-breasted crake, *Hapalocrex flaviventer* (A)
* Ruddy crake, *Laterallus ruber*

## Finfoots

**Order**: Gruiformes   **Family**: Heliornithidae

Heliornithidae is a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots.

* Sungrebe, *Heliornis fulica* (A)

## Limpkin

**Order**: Gruiformes   **Family**: Aramidae

The limpkin resembles a large rail. It has drab-brown plumage and a grayer head and neck.

* Limpkin, *Aramus guarauna*

## Thick-knees

**Order**: Charadriiformes   **Family**: Burhinidae

The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes, and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.

* Double-striped thick-knee, *Burhinus bistriatus*

## Stilts and avocets

**Order**: Charadriiformes   **Family**: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

* Black-necked stilt, *Himantopus mexicanus*
* American avocet, *Recurvirostra americana* (A)

## Oystercatchers

**Order**: Charadriiformes   **Family**: Haematopodidae

The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.

* American oystercatcher, *Haematopus palliatus*

## Lapwings and plovers

**Order**: Charadriiformes   **Family**: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

* Southern lapwing, *Vanellus chilensis* (A)
* Black-bellied plover, *Pluvialis squatarola*
* American golden-plover, *Pluvialis dominica*
* Killdeer, *Charadrius vociferus*
* Semipalmated plover, *Charadrius semipalmatus*
* Wilson's plover, *Charadrius wilsonia*
* Collared plover, *Charadrius collaris*
* Snowy plover, *Charadrius nivosus* (near-threatened)

## Jacanas

**Order**: Charadriiformes   **Family**: Jacanidae

The jacanas are a group of waders found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.

* Northern jacana, *Jacana spinosa*

## Sandpipers and allies

**Order**: Charadriiformes   **Family**: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

* Upland sandpiper, *Bartramia longicauda*
* Whimbrel, *Numenius phaeopus*
* Long-billed curlew, *Numenius americanus*
* Hudsonian godwit, *Limosa haemastica* (A)
* Marbled godwit, *Limosa fedoa*
* Ruddy turnstone, *Arenaria interpres*
* Red knot, *Calidris canutus* (near-threatened)
* Surfbird, *Calidris virgata*
* Ruff, *Calidris pugnax* (A)
* Stilt sandpiper, *Calidris himantopus*
* Sanderling, *Calidris alba*
* Dunlin, *Calidris alpina* (A)
* Baird's sandpiper, *Calidris bairdii* (A)
* Least sandpiper, *Calidris minutilla*
* White-rumped sandpiper, *Calidris fuscicollis* (A)
* Buff-breasted sandpiper, *Calidris subruficollis* (A) (near-threatened)
* Pectoral sandpiper, *Calidris melanotos*
* Semipalmated sandpiper, *Calidris pusilla* (near-threatened)
* Western sandpiper, *Calidris mauri*
* Short-billed dowitcher, *Limnodromus griseus*
* Long-billed dowitcher, *Limnodromus scolopaceus*
* Wilson's snipe, *Gallinago delicata*
* Spotted sandpiper, *Actitis macularia*
* Solitary sandpiper, *Tringa solitaria*
* Wandering tattler, *Tringa incana*
* Lesser yellowlegs, *Tringa flavipes*
* Willet, *Tringa semipalmata*
* Greater yellowlegs, *Tringa melanoleuca*
* Wilson's phalarope, *Phalaropus tricolor*
* Red-necked phalarope, *Phalaropus lobatus* (A)
* Red phalarope, *Phalaropus fulicarius* (A)

## Skuas and jaegers

**Order**: Charadriiformes   **Family**: Stercorariidae

The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.

* Pomarine jaeger, *Stercorarius pomarinus*
* Parasitic jaeger, *Stercorarius parasiticus*
* Long-tailed jaeger, *Stercorarius longicaudus* (A)

## Gulls, terns, and skimmers

**Order**: Charadriiformes   **Family**: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, kittiwakes, terns, and skimmers. They are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with gray or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick foods off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.

* Sabine's gull, *Xema sabini*
* Bonaparte's gull, *Chroicocephalus philadelphia* (A)
* Laughing gull, *Leucophaeus atricilla*
* Franklin's gull, *Leucophaeus pipixcan*
* Ring-billed gull, *Larus delawarensis* (A)
* California gull, *Larus californicus* (A)
* Herring gull, *Larus argentatus*
* Lesser black-backed gull, *Larus fuscus* (A)
* Glaucous-winged gull, *Larus glaucescens* (A)
* Kelp gull, *Larus dominicanus* (A)
* Brown noddy, *Anous stolidus* (A)
* Sooty tern, *Onychoprion fuscata* (A)
* Bridled tern, *Onychoprion anaethetus* (A)
* Least tern, *Sternula antillarum*
* Gull-billed tern, *Gelochelidon nilotica*
* Caspian tern, *Hydroprogne caspia*
* Black tern, *Chlidonias niger*
* Roseate tern, *Sterna dougallii* (A)
* Common tern, *Sterna hirundo*
* Arctic tern, *Sterna paradisaea* (A)
* Forster's tern, *Sterna forsteri*
* Royal tern, *Thalasseus maxima*
* Sandwich tern, *Thalasseus sandvicensis*
* Elegant tern, *Thalasseus elegans* (near-threatened)
* Black skimmer, *Rynchops niger*

## Tropicbirds

**Order**: Phaethontiformes   **Family**: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.

* Red-billed tropicbird, *Phaethon aethereus*

## Penguins

**Order**: Sphenisciformes   **Family**: Spheniscidae

The penguins are a group of aquatic, flightless birds living almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid, and other forms of sealife caught while swimming underwater.

* Magellanic penguin, *Spheniscus magellanicus* (A)

## Northern storm-petrels

**Order**: Procellariiformes   **Family**: Hydrobatidae

The storm-petrels are relatives of the petrels and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.

* Leach's storm-petrel, *Hydrobates leucorhous* (A) (vulnerable)
* Wedge-rumped storm-petrel, *Hydrobates tethys* (A)
* Black storm-petrel, *Hydrobates melania*
* Least storm-petrel, *Hydrobates microsoma*

## Shearwaters and petrels

**Order**: Procellariiformes   **Family**: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.

* Galapagos petrel, *Pterodroma phaeopygia* (A) (critically endangered)
* Tahiti petrel, *Pseudobulweria rostrata* (A) (near-threatened)
* Parkinson's petrel, *Procellaria parkinsoni* (A) (vulnerable)
* Wedge-tailed shearwater, *Ardenna pacifica*
* Sooty shearwater, *Ardenna grisea* (A) (near-threatened)
* Pink-footed shearwater, *Ardenna creatopus* (A) (vulnerable)
* Christmas shearwater, *Puffinus nativitatis* (A)
* Galapagos shearwater, *Puffinus subalaris* (A)
* Townsend's shearwater, *Puffinus auricularis* (A) (critically endangered)
* Newell's shearwater, *Puffinus newelli* (A) (critically endangered)
* Black-vented shearwater, *Puffinus opisthomelas* (A) (near-threatened)
* Audubon's shearwater, *Puffinus lherminieri*

## Storks

**Order**: Ciconiiformes   **Family**: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.

* Jabiru, *Jabiru mycteria* (A)
* Wood stork, *Mycteria americana*

## Frigatebirds

**Order**: Suliformes   **Family**: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black and white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.

* Magnificent frigatebird, *Fregata magnificens*

## Boobies and gannets

**Order**: Suliformes   **Family**: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

* Masked booby, *Sula dactylatra* (A)
* Nazca booby, *Sula granti*
* Blue-footed booby, *Sula nebouxii*
* Brown booby, *Sula leucogaster*
* Red-footed booby, *Sula sula* (A)

## Anhingas

**Order**: Suliformes   **Family**: Anhingidae

Anhingas are often called "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape, and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The anhingas have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving.

* Anhinga, *Anhinga anhinga*

## Cormorants and shags

**Order**: Suliformes   **Family**: Phalacrocoracidae

Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Coloration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white, and a few being colorful.

* Neotropic cormorant, *Nannopterum brasilianum*

## Pelicans

**Order**: Pelecaniformes   **Family**: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.

* American white pelican, *Pelecanus erythrorhynchos*
* Brown pelican, *Pelecanus occidentalis*
* Peruvian pelican, *Pelecanus thagus* (A)

## Herons, egrets, and bitterns

**Order**: Pelecaniformes   **Family**: Ardeidae

Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons, and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills, members of Ardeidae fly with their neck retracted.

* Pinnated bittern, *Botaurus pinnatus*
* American bittern, *Botaurus lentiginosus* (A)
* Least bittern, *Ixobrychus exilis*
* Bare-throated tiger-heron, *Tigrisoma mexicanum*
* Great blue heron, *Ardea herodias*
* Great egret, *Ardea alba*
* Snowy egret, *Egretta thula*
* Little blue heron, *Egretta caerulea*
* Tricolored heron, *Egretta tricolor*
* Reddish egret, *Egretta rufescens* (near-threatened)
* Cattle egret, *Bubulcus ibis*
* Green heron, *Butorides virescens*
* Agami heron, *Agamia agami* (A) (vulnerable)
* Black-crowned night-heron, *Nycticorax nycticorax*
* Yellow-crowned night-heron, *Nyctanassa violacea*
* Boat-billed heron, *Cochlearius cochlearius*

## Ibises and spoonbills

**Order**: Pelecaniformes   **Family**: Threskiornithidae

Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.

* White ibis, *Eudocimus albus*
* Glossy ibis, *Plegadis falcinellus* (A)
* White-faced ibis, *Plegadis chihi* (A)
* Roseate spoonbill, *Platalea ajaja*

## New World vultures

**Order**: Cathartiformes   **Family**: Cathartidae

The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carrion.

* King vulture, *Sarcoramphus papa*
* Black vulture, *Coragyps atratus*
* Turkey vulture, *Cathartes aura*
* Lesser yellow-headed vulture, *Cathartes burrovianus*

## Osprey

**Order**: Accipitriformes   **Family**: Pandionidae

The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.

* Osprey, *Pandion haliaetus*

## Hawks, eagles, and kites

**Order**: Accipitriformes   **Family**: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight.

* Pearl kite, *Gampsonyx swainsonii* (A)
* White-tailed kite, *Elanus leucurus*
* Hook-billed kite, *Chondrohierax uncinatus*
* Gray-headed kite, *Leptodon cayanensis*
* Swallow-tailed kite, *Elanoides forficatus* (A)
* Harpy eagle, *Harpia harpyja* (near-threatened) (extirpated)
* Black hawk-eagle, *Spizaetus tyrannus*
* Ornate hawk-eagle, *Spizaetus ornatus* (A) (near-threatened)
* Double-toothed kite, *Harpagus bidentatus*
* Northern harrier, *Circus hudsonius*
* Sharp-shinned hawk, *Accipiter striatus*
* Cooper's hawk, *Accipiter cooperii*
* Mississippi kite, *Ictinia mississippiensis*
* Plumbeous kite, *Ictinia plumbea*
* Black-collared hawk, *Busarellus nigricollis*
* Crane hawk, *Geranospiza caerulescens*
* Snail kite, *Rostrhamus sociabilis*
* Common black hawk, *Buteogallus anthracinus*
* Great black hawk, *Buteogallus urubitinga*
* Solitary eagle, *Buteogallus solitarius* (A) (near-threatened)
* Roadside hawk, *Rupornis magnirostris*
* Harris's hawk, *Parabuteo unicinctus*
* White-tailed hawk, *Geranoaetus albicaudatus*
* White hawk, *Pseudastur albicollis*
* Gray hawk, *Buteo plagiatus*
* Broad-winged hawk, *Buteo platypterus*
* Short-tailed hawk, *Buteo brachyurus*
* Swainson's hawk, *Buteo swainsoni*
* Zone-tailed hawk, *Buteo albonotatus*
* Red-tailed hawk, *Buteo jamaicensis*

## Barn-owls

**Order**: Strigiformes   **Family**: Tytonidae

Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

* Barn owl, *Tyto alba*

## Owls

**Order**: Strigiformes   **Family**: Strigidae

The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.

* Flammulated owl, *Psiloscops flammeolus*
* Whiskered screech-owl, *Megascops trichopsis*
* Pacific screech-owl, *Megascops cooperi*
* Crested owl, *Lophostrix cristata* (A)
* Spectacled owl, *Pulsatrix perspicillata*
* Great horned owl, *Bubo virginianus*
* Northern pygmy-owl, *Glaucidium gnoma* (A)
* Ferruginous pygmy-owl, *Glaucidium brasilianum*
* Burrowing owl, *Athene cunicularia* (A)
* Mottled owl, *Ciccaba virgata*
* Black-and-white owl, *Ciccaba nigrolineata* (A)
* Fulvous owl, *Strix fulvescens*
* Striped owl, *Asio clamator* (A)
* Unspotted saw-whet owl, *Aegolius ridgwayi* (A)

## Trogons

**Order**: Trogoniformes   **Family**: Trogonidae

The family Trogonidae includes trogons and quetzals. Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colorful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage.

* Black-headed trogon, *Trogon melanocephalus*
* Gartered trogon, *Trogon caligatus*
* Elegant trogon, *Trogon elegans*
* Mountain trogon, *Trogon mexicanus* (A)
* Collared trogon, *Trogon collaris*
* Resplendent quetzal, *Pharomachrus mocinno* (near-threatened)

## Motmots

**Order**: Coraciiformes   **Family**: Momotidae

The motmots have colorful plumage and long, graduated tails which they display by waggling back and forth. In most of the species, the barbs near the ends of the two longest (central) tail feathers are weak and fall off, leaving a length of bare shaft and creating a racket-shaped tail.

* Tody motmot, *Hylomanes momotula*
* Blue-throated motmot, *Aspatha gularis*
* Lesson's motmot, *Momotus lessonii*
* Turquoise-browed motmot, *Eumomota superciliosa*

## Kingfishers

**Order**: Coraciiformes   **Family**: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails.

* Ringed kingfisher, *Megaceryle torquatus*
* Belted kingfisher, *Megaceryle alcyon*
* Amazon kingfisher, *Chloroceryle amazona*
* American pygmy kingfisher, *Chloroceryle aenea*
* Green kingfisher, *Chloroceryle americana*

## Puffbirds

**Order**: Piciformes   **Family**: Bucconidae

The puffbirds are related to the jacamars and have the same range, but lack the iridescent colors of that family. They are mainly brown, rufous, or gray, with a large head and a flattened bill with a hooked tip. The loose abundant plumage and short tails makes them look stout and puffy, giving rise to the English common name of the family.

* White-necked puffbird, *Notharchus hyperrhynchus* (A)

## Toucans

**Order**: Piciformes   **Family**: Ramphastidae

Toucans are near passerine birds from the Neotropics. They are brightly marked and have enormous colorful bills which in some species amount to half their body length.

* Northern emerald-toucanet, *Aulacorhynchus prasinus*
* Collared aracari, *Pteroglossus torquatus*

## Woodpeckers

**Order**: Piciformes   **Family**: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.

* Acorn woodpecker, *Melanerpes formicivorus*
* Hoffmann's woodpecker, *Melanerpes hoffmannii* (A)
* Golden-fronted woodpecker, *Melanerpes aurifrons*
* Yellow-bellied sapsucker, *Sphyrapicus varius*
* Ladder-backed woodpecker, *Dryobates scalaris* (A)
* Hairy woodpecker, *Dryobates villosus*
* Smoky-brown woodpecker, *Dryobates fumigatus* (A)
* Golden-olive woodpecker, *Colaptes rubiginosus*
* Northern flicker, *Colaptes auratus*
* Lineated woodpecker, *Dryocopus lineatus*
* Pale-billed woodpecker, *Campephilus guatemalensis*

## Falcons and caracaras

**Order**: Falconiformes   **Family**: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

* Laughing falcon, *Herpetotheres cachinnans*
* Barred forest-falcon, *Micrastur ruficollis*
* Collared forest-falcon, *Micrastur semitorquatus*
* Crested caracara, *Caracara plancus*
* Yellow-headed caracara, *Milvago chimachima* (A)
* American kestrel, *Falco sparverius*
* Merlin, *Falco columbarius*
* Aplomado falcon, *Falco femoralis* (A)
* Bat falcon, *Falco rufigularis*
* Peregrine falcon, *Falco peregrinus*

## New World and African parrots

**Order**: Psittaciformes   **Family**: Psittacidae

Parrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and they have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two to the back.

* Orange-fronted parakeet, *Eupsittula canicularis*
* Scarlet macaw, *Ara macao* (A) (extirpated)
* Green parakeet, *Psittacara holochlorus*
* Pacific parakeet, *Psittacara strenuus*
* Crimson-fronted parakeet, *Psittacara finschi* (A)
* Barred parakeet, *Bolborhynchus lineola*
* Orange-chinned parakeet, *Brotogeris jugularis*
* White-fronted parrot, *Amazona albifrons*
* Red-lored parrot, *Amazona autumnalis* (A)
* Yellow-naped parrot, *Amazona auropalliata* (vulnerable)

## Manakins

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Pipridae

The manakins are a family of subtropical and tropical birds from the mainland of Central and South America, and Trinidad and Tobago. They are compact forest birds, the males typically being brightly colored, although the females of most species are duller and usually green-plumaged. Manakins feed on small fruits, berries and insects.

* Long-tailed manakin, *Chiroxiphia linearis*
* Red-capped manakin, *Ceratopipra mentalis* (A)

## Tityras and allies

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Tityridae

Tityridae is family of suboscine passerine birds found in forest and woodland in the Neotropics. The approximately 30 species in this family were formerly lumped with the families Pipridae and Cotingidae (*see Taxonomy*).

* Masked tityra, *Tityra semifasciata*
* Gray-collared becard, *Pachyramphus major*
* Rose-throated becard, *Pachyramphus aglaiae*

## Royal flycatcher and allies

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Onychorhynchidae

The members of this small family, created in 2018, were formerly considered to be tyrant flycatchers, family Tyrannidae.

* Royal flycatcher, *Onychorhynchus mexicanus* (A)

## Tyrant flycatchers

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Tyrannidae

Tyrant flycatchers are passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, have plain coloring. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.

* Stub-tailed spadebill, *Platyrinchus cancrominus*
* Ochre-bellied flycatcher, *Mionectes oleagineus*
* Northern bentbill, *Oncostoma cinereigulare*
* Common tody-flycatcher, *Todirostrum cinereum*
* Eye-ringed flatbill, *Rhynchocyclus brevirostris*
* Yellow-olive flycatcher, *Tolmomyias sulphurescens*
* Northern beardless-tyrannulet, *Camptostoma imberbe*
* Greenish elaenia, *Myiopagis viridicata*
* Yellow-bellied elaenia, *Elaenia flavogaster*
* Mountain elaenia, *Elaenia frantzii*
* Guatemalan tyrannulet, *Zimmerius vilissimus*
* Bright-rumped attila, *Attila spadiceus*
* Dusky-capped flycatcher, *Myiarchus tuberculifer*
* Ash-throated flycatcher, *Myiarchus cinerascens* (A)
* Nutting's flycatcher, *Myiarchus nuttingi*
* Great crested flycatcher, *Myiarchus crinitus*
* Brown-crested flycatcher, *Myiarchus tyrannulus*
* Great kiskadee, *Pitangus sulphuratus*
* Boat-billed flycatcher, *Megarynchus pitangua*
* Social flycatcher, *Myiozetetes similis*
* Sulphur-bellied flycatcher, *Myiodynastes luteiventris*
* Tropical kingbird, *Tyrannus melancholicus*
* Cassin's kingbird, *Tyrannus vociferans* (A)
* Western kingbird, *Tyrannus verticalis*
* Eastern kingbird, *Tyrannus tyrannus*
* Gray kingbird, *Tyrannus dominicensis* (A)
* Scissor-tailed flycatcher, *Tyrannus forficatus*
* Belted flycatcher, *Xenotriccus callizonus* (A) (near-threatened)
* Tufted flycatcher, *Mitrephanes phaeocercus* (A)
* Olive-sided flycatcher, *Contopus cooperi* (near-threatened)
* Greater pewee, *Contopus pertinax*
* Western wood-pewee, *Contopus sordidulus*
* Eastern wood-pewee, *Contopus virens*
* Tropical pewee, *Contopus cinereus*
* Yellow-bellied flycatcher, *Empidonax flaviventris*
* Acadian flycatcher, *Empidonax virescens*
* Alder flycatcher, *Empidonax alnorum*
* Willow flycatcher, *Empidonax traillii*
* White-throated flycatcher, *Empidonax albigularis* (A)
* Least flycatcher, *Empidonax minimus*
* Hammond's flycatcher, *Empidonax hammondii*
* Yellowish flycatcher, *Empidonax flavescens*
* Buff-breasted flycatcher, *Empidonax fulvifrons* (A)
* Black phoebe, *Sayornis nigricans*
* Vermilion flycatcher, *Pyrocephalus rubinus* (A)

## Typical antbirds

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Thamnophilidae

The antbirds are a large family of small passerine birds of subtropical and tropical Central and South America. They are forest birds which tend to feed on insects at or near the ground. A sizable minority of them specialize in following columns of army ants to eat small invertebrates that leave their hiding places to flee from the ants. Many species lack bright color, with brown, black, and white being the dominant tones.

* Barred antshrike, *Thamnophilus doliatus*

## Antpittas

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Grallariidae

Antpittas resemble the true pittas with strong, longish legs, very short tails, and stout bills.

* Scaled antpitta, *Grallaria guatimalensis*

## Ovenbirds and woodcreepers

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Furnariidae

Ovenbirds comprise a large family of small sub-oscine passerine bird species found in Central and South America. They are a diverse group of insectivores which gets its name from the elaborate "oven-like" clay nests built by some species, although others build stick-nests or nest in tunnels or clefts in rock. The woodcreepers are brownish birds which maintain an upright vertical posture, supported by their stiff tail vanes. They mainly feed on insects taken from tree trunks.

* Tawny-throated leaftosser, *Sclerurus mexicanus*
* Olivaceous woodcreeper, *Sittasomus griseicapillus*
* Ruddy woodcreeper, *Dendrocincla homochroa*
* Wedge-billed woodcreeper, *Glyphorynchus spirurus* (A)
* Northern barred-woodcreeper, *Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae*
* Black-banded woodcreeper, *Dendrocolaptes picumnus* (A)
* Strong-billed woodcreeper, *Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus*
* Cocoa woodcreeper, *Xiphorhynchus susurrans* (A)
* Ivory-billed woodcreeper, *Xiphorhynchus flavigaster*
* Spotted woodcreeper, *Xiphorhynchus erythropygius*
* Streak-headed woodcreeper, *Lepidocolaptes souleyetii*
* Spot-crowned woodcreeper, *Lepidocolaptes affinis*
* Scaly-throated foliage-gleaner, *Anabacerthia variegaticeps*
* Ruddy foliage-gleaner, *Clibanornis rubiginosus*
* Rufous-breasted spinetail, *Synallaxis erythrothorax*

## Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Vireonidae

The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are typically greenish in color and resemble wood-warblers apart from their heavier bills.

* Rufous-browed peppershrike, *Cyclarhis gujanensis*
* Green shrike-vireo, *Vireolanius pulchellus*
* Lesser greenlet, *Pachysylvia decurtata*
* White-eyed vireo, *Vireo griseus*
* Mangrove vireo, *Vireo pallens*
* Bell's vireo, *Vireo bellii* (A)
* Yellow-throated vireo, *Vireo flavifrons*
* Blue-headed vireo, *Vireo solitarius*
* Plumbeous vireo, *Vireo plumbeus* (A)
* Philadelphia vireo, *Vireo philadelphicus*
* Warbling vireo, *Vireo gilvus*
* Brown-capped vireo, *Vireo leucophrys*
* Red-eyed vireo, *Vireo olivaceus*
* Yellow-green vireo, *Vireo flavoviridis*

## Crows, jays, and magpies

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the order Passeriformes. Some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.

* Black-throated jay, *Cyanolyca pumilo* (A)
* White-throated magpie-jay, *Calocitta formosa*
* Brown jay, *Psilorhinus morio* (A)
* Bushy-crested jay, *Cyanocorax melanocyaneus*
* Steller's jay, *Cyanocitta stelleri*
* Unicolored jay, *Aphelocoma unicolor*
* Common raven, *Corvus corax*

## Swallows

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

* Bank swallow, *Riparia riparia*
* Tree swallow, *Tachycineta bicolor*
* Violet-green swallow, *Tachycineta thalassina*
* Mangrove swallow, *Tachycineta albilinea*
* Black-capped swallow, *Atticora pileata*
* Northern rough-winged swallow, *Stelgidopteryx serripennis*
* Purple martin, *Progne subis* (A)
* Gray-breasted martin, *Progne chalybea*
* Barn swallow, *Hirundo rustica*
* Cliff swallow, *Petrochelidon pyrrhonota*
* Cave swallow, *Petrochelidon fulva*

## Waxwings

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Bombycillidae

The waxwings are a group of passerine birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests.

* Cedar waxwing, *Bombycilla cedrorum*

## Treecreepers

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Certhiidae

Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin, pointed, down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.

* Brown creeper, *Certhia americana*

## Gnatcatchers

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Polioptilidae

These dainty birds resemble Old World warblers in their build and habits, moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers and gnatwrens are mainly soft bluish grey in color and have the typical insectivore's long sharp bill. They are birds of fairly open woodland or scrub which nest in bushes or trees.

* Long-billed gnatwren, *Ramphocaenus melanurus*
* Blue-gray gnatcatcher, *Polioptila caerulea* (A)
* White-lored gnatcatcher, *Polioptila albiloris*

## Wrens

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Troglodytidae

The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.

* Rock wren, *Salpinctes obsoletus*
* House wren, *Troglodytes aedon*
* Rufous-browed wren, *Troglodytes rufociliatus*
* Grass wren, *Cistothorus platensis* (A)
* Band-backed wren, *Campylorhynchus zonatus*
* Rufous-naped wren, *Campylorhynchus rufinucha*
* Spot-breasted wren, *Pheugopedius maculipectus*
* Rufous-and-white wren, *Thryophilus rufalbus*
* Banded wren, *Thryophilus pleurostictus*
* Cabanis's wren, *Cantorchilus modestus*
* Isthmian wren, *Cantorchilus elutus* (A)
* Gray-breasted wood-wren, *Henicorhina leucophrys*

## Mockingbirds and thrashers

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Mimidae

The mimids are a family of passerine birds that includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalizations, especially their ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds. Their coloring tends towards dull-grays and browns.

* Blue-and-white mockingbird, *Melanotis hypoleucus*
* Gray catbird, *Dumetella carolinensis* (A)
* Tropical mockingbird, *Mimus gilvus*
* Northern mockingbird, *Mimus polyglottos* (A)

## Dippers

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Cinclidae

Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements.

* American dipper, *Cinclus mexicanus* (A)

## Thrushes and allies

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

* Eastern bluebird, *Sialia sialis*
* Brown-backed solitaire, *Myadestes occidentalis*
* Slate-colored solitaire, *Myadestes unicolor*
* Orange-billed nightingale-thrush, *Catharus aurantiirostris*
* Ruddy-capped nightingale-thrush, *Catharus frantzii*
* Spotted nightingale-thrush, *Catharus dryas*
* Veery, *Catharus fuscescens* (A)
* Swainson's thrush, *Catharus ustulatus*
* Hermit thrush, *Catharus guttatus* (A)
* Wood thrush, *Hylocichla mustelina* (near-threatened)
* Black thrush, *Turdus infuscatus*
* Mountain thrush, *Turdus plebejus*
* Clay-colored thrush, *Turdus grayi*
* White-throated thrush, *Turdus assimilis*
* Rufous-collared robin, *Turdus rufitorques*
* Aztec thrush, *Ridgwayia pinicola* (A)

## Olive warbler

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Peucedramidae

The olive warbler is a small passerine bird, the only member of the family Peucedramidae. It is a long-winged bird with a gray body and wings with some olive-green and two white bars.

* Olive warbler, *Peucedramus taeniatus*

## Waxbills and allies

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Estrildidae

* Tricolored munia, *Lonchura malacca* (I)

## Old World sparrows

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Passeridae

Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or gray birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.

* House sparrow, *Passer domesticus* (I)

## Wagtails and pipits

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Motacillidae

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. They are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country.

* American pipit, *Anthus rubescens* (A)

## Finches, euphonias, and allies

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.

* Elegant euphonia, *Chlorophonia elegantissima*
* Blue-crowned chlorophonia, *Chlorophonia occipitalis*
* Scrub euphonia, *Euphonia affinis*
* Yellow-throated euphonia, *Euphonia hirundinacea*
* Hooded grosbeak, *Coccothraustes abeillei*
* Red crossbill, *Loxia curvirostra*
* Black-headed siskin, *Spinus notatus*
* Lesser goldfinch, *Spinus psaltria*

## New World sparrows

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Passerellidae

Until 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns.

* Common chlorospingus, *Chlorospingus flavopectus*
* Stripe-headed sparrow, *Peucaea ruficauda*
* Grasshopper sparrow, *Ammodramus savannarum*
* Lark sparrow, *Chondestes grammacus* (A)
* Chipping sparrow, *Spizella passerina*
* Chestnut-capped brushfinch, *Arremon brunneinucha*
* Rufous-collared sparrow, *Zonotrichia capensis*
* Savannah sparrow, *Passerculus sandwichensis*
* Lincoln's sparrow, *Melospiza lincolnii*
* White-eared ground-sparrow, *Melozone leucotis*
* White-faced ground-sparrow, *Melozone biarcuata*
* Rusty sparrow, *Aimophila rufescens*
* White-naped brushfinch, *Atlapetes albinucha*

## Yellow-breasted chat

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Icteriidae

This species was historically placed in the wood-warblers (Parulidae) but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017.

* Yellow-breasted chat, *Icteria virens*

## Troupials and allies

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Icteridae

The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful, passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as the predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red.

* Eastern meadowlark, *Sturnella magna* (near-threatened)
* Red-breasted meadowlark, *Leistes militaris* (A)
* Yellow-billed cacique, *Amblycercus holosericeus*
* Yellow-winged cacique, *Cassiculus melanicterus* (A)
* Chestnut-headed oropendola, *Psarocolius wagleri*
* Montezuma oropendola, *Psarocolius montezuma* (A)
* Black-vented oriole, *Icterus wagleri*
* Bar-winged oriole, *Icterus maculialatus*
* Orchard oriole, *Icterus spurius*
* Yellow-backed oriole, *Icterus chrysater*
* Streak-backed oriole, *Icterus pustulatus*
* Bullock's oriole, *Icterus bullockii* (A)
* Spot-breasted oriole, *Icterus pectoralis*
* Altamira oriole, *Icterus gularis*
* Baltimore oriole, *Icterus galbula*
* Red-winged blackbird, *Agelaius phoeniceus*
* Bronzed cowbird, *Molothrus aeneus*
* Giant cowbird, *Molothrus oryzivorus* (A)
* Melodious blackbird, *Dives dives*
* Great-tailed grackle, *Quiscalus mexicanus*

## New World warblers

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Parulidae

The wood-warblers are a group of small, often colorful, passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.

* Ovenbird, *Seiurus aurocapilla*
* Worm-eating warbler, *Helmitheros vermivorum*
* Louisiana waterthrush, *Parkesia motacilla*
* Northern waterthrush, *Parkesia noveboracensis*
* Golden-winged warbler, *Vermivora chrysoptera* (near-threatened)
* Blue-winged warbler, *Vermivora cyanoptera*
* Black-and-white warbler, *Mniotilta varia*
* Prothonotary warbler, *Protonotaria citrea* (A)
* Swainson's warbler, *Limnothlypis swainsonii* (A)
* Crescent-chested warbler, *Leiothlypis superciliosa*
* Tennessee warbler, *Leiothlypis peregrina*
* Orange-crowned warbler, *Leiothlypis celata* (A)
* Nashville warbler, *Leiothlypis ruficapilla*
* Gray-crowned yellowthroat, *Geothlypis poliocephala*
* MacGillivray's warbler, *Geothlypis tolmiei*
* Mourning warbler, *Geothlypis philadelphia*
* Kentucky warbler, *Geothlypis formosa*
* Common yellowthroat, *Geothlypis trichas*
* Hooded warbler, *Setophaga citrina*
* American redstart, *Setophaga ruticilla*
* Cape May warbler, *Setophaga tigrina*
* Northern parula, *Setophaga americana*
* Tropical parula, *Setophaga pitiayumi* (A)
* Magnolia warbler, *Setophaga magnolia*
* Bay-breasted warbler, *Setophaga castanea* (A)
* Blackburnian warbler, *Setophaga fusca*
* Yellow warbler, *Setophaga petechia*
* Chestnut-sided warbler, *Setophaga pensylvanica*
* Black-throated blue warbler, *Setophaga caerulescens* (A)
* Palm Warbler, *Setophaga palmarum* (A)
* Yellow-rumped warbler, *Setophaga coronata*
* Yellow-throated warbler, *Setophaga dominica*
* Prairie warbler, *Setophaga discolor* (A)
* Grace's warbler, *Setophaga graciae*
* Townsend's warbler, *Setophaga townsendi*
* Hermit warbler, *Setophaga occidentalis*
* Golden-cheeked warbler, *Setophaga chrysoparia* (A) (endangered)
* Black-throated green warbler, *Setophaga virens*
* Fan-tailed warbler, *Basileuterus lachrymosus*
* Chestnut-capped warbler, *Basileuterus delattrii*
* Golden-browed warbler, *Basileuterus belli*
* Golden-crowned warbler, *Basileuterus culicivorus*
* Canada warbler, *Cardellina canadensis*
* Wilson's warbler, *Cardellina pusilla*
* Red-faced warbler, *Cardellina rubrifrons*
* Painted redstart, *Myioborus pictus*
* Slate-throated redstart, *Myioborus miniatus*

## Cardinals and allies

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Cardinalidae

The cardinals are a family of passerines which are robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.

* Hepatic tanager, *Piranga flava*
* Summer tanager, *Piranga rubra*
* Scarlet tanager, *Piranga olivacea* (A)
* Western tanager, *Piranga ludoviciana*
* Flame-colored tanager, *Piranga bidentata*
* White-winged tanager, *Piranga leucoptera*
* Red-crowned ant-tanager, *Habia rubica*
* Red-throated ant-tanager, *Habia fuscicauda*
* Rose-breasted grosbeak, *Pheucticus ludovicianus*
* Blue seedeater, *Amaurospiza concolor*
* Blue bunting, *Cyanocompsa parellina*
* Blue grosbeak, *Passerina caerulea*
* Indigo bunting, *Passerina cyanea*
* Painted bunting, *Passerina ciris*
* Dickcissel, *Spiza americana*

## Tanagers and allies

**Order**: Passeriformes   **Family**: Thraupidae

The tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly colored. As a family they are omnivorous, but individual species specialize in eating fruits, seeds, insects, or other types of food. Most have short, rounded wings.

* Blue-gray tanager, *Thraupis episcopus*
* Yellow-winged tanager, *Thraupis abbas*
* Slaty finch, *Haplospiza rustica* (A)
* Cinnamon-bellied flowerpiercer, *Diglossa baritula*
* Blue-black grassquit, *Volatinia jacarina*
* Red-legged honeycreeper, *Cyanerpes cyaneus*
* Yellow-faced grassquit, *Tiaris olivaceus*
* Cinnamon-rumped seedeater, *Sporophila torqueola* (A)
* Morelet's seedeater, *Sporophila morelleti*
* Ruddy-breasted seedeater, *Sporophila minuta*
* Black-headed saltator, *Saltator atriceps*
* Buff-throated saltator, *Saltator maximus*
* Grayish saltator, *Saltator coerulescens*

## See also

* List of birds
* Lists of birds by region

## References

1. ↑ Lepage, Denis (May 31, 2021). "Bird Checklists of the World - El Salvador". Retrieved August 14, 2021.
2. ↑ "Check-list of North and Middle American Birds". American Ornithological Society. June 29, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
3. ↑ Weidensaul, Scott (2004). *The Raptor Almanac: A Comprehensive Guide to Eagles, Hawks, Falcons, and Vultures*. New York, New York: Lyons Press. pp. 280–81. ISBN 978-1-58574-170-0.
4. ↑ BirdLife International. 2016. Ara macao. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22685563A93079992. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22685563A93079992.en. Downloaded on 07 July 2021.

## External links

* Birds of El Salvador - World Institute for Conservation & Environment