1998 Commonwealth Games

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Multi-sport event in Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaTemplate:SHORTDESC:Multi-sport event in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

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The **1998 Commonwealth Games** (Malay: *Sukan Komanwel 1998*), officially known as the **XVI Commonwealth Games** (Malay: *Sukan Komanwel ke-16*), was a multi-sport event held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This edition is marked by several unprecedented facts in the history of the event. The 1998 games were the first held in an Asian country and the last Commonwealth Games of the 20th century. This was also the first time the games took place in a nation with a head of state other than the Head of the Commonwealth, and the first time the games were held in a country whose majority of the population did not have English as the first language. For the first time ever, the games included team sports. The other bid from the 1998 games came from Adelaide in Australia. Malaysia was the eighth nation to host the Commonwealth Games after Canada, England, Australia, New Zealand, Wales, Jamaica and Scotland. Around 3638 athletes from 70 Commonwealth member nations participated at the games which featured 214 events in 15 sports with 34 of them collected medals.

## Host selection

Kuala Lumpur was selected to stage the games at the General Assembly of the Commonwealth Games Federation in Barcelona, Spain during the 1992 Summer Olympics.

1998 Commonwealth Games Bidding Results

## Overview

### Opening ceremony

The 16th Commonwealth Games opening ceremony took place on 11 September 1998 at 17:30 MST (UTC+08:00). Contrary to tradition, the games were not officially opened by the Malaysian head of state, Yang di Pertuan Agong Tuanku Jaafar because he was unable to arrive to the stadium in time. Instead, the Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad, opened the games. The venue for the opening and closing ceremonies was the newly built National Stadium Bukit Jalil, a 100,000-spectator capacity stadium. The theme song "**Malaysiaku Gemilang**" was sung by Malaysian pop singers Norzila Binti Haji Aminuddin, Shahrul Anuar Zain, Siti Roziana Binti Zain, Shaheila binti Abdul Majid, Amy Mastura Binti Suhaimi, Ning Baizura binti Sheikh Hamzah, and Siti Nurhaliza Binti Tarudin—and many other Malaysian singers also performed. The games featured 15 sports with 3638 athletes as 69 teams were represented.

The theme of the opening ceremony was 'Unity towards Progress', which was conveyed through dance, music, and intricate human graphics. Malaysian schoolgirls unfurled hundreds of colourful umbrellas, and brightly attired performers danced. Approximately 5,000 volunteers displayed coloured cards which depicted sporting images, flags and messages that heralded the first Games in Asia in the 68 years since their inception. They created pictures of flags of the Commonwealth nations, scenes of Malaysian lifestyle, and depictions of Malaysian achievements just by changing the colour of their hand-held cards. The Singaporean delegation was jeered by the crowd during the parade of nations.

The Queen's message was delivered in the Queen's Baton, which arrived in the main square of Kuala Lumpur on elephant-back at the start of the ceremonies, and was run in relay to the stadium while the athletes marched in. 1978 Commonwealth Games badminton gold medal winner Sylvia Ng took the last lap with the baton and handed it off to Koh Eng Tong, a weightlifter who won a gold medal in weightlifting for Malaya in the 1950 British Empire Games, to take the final few feet to Prince Edward.

The end of the ceremony featured fireworks of various colours and shapes—forming hoops, flowers, and fountains. The opening ceremony's broadcast concluded at 00:00 MST, later than the time originally planned at 23:00 MST.

The Commonwealth Games's official theme, "**Bersama-sama Gemilangkannya**", was composed by the Malaysian Philharmonic Orchestra and performed in the opening ceremony by Search. Raihan was official theme song of the 1998 Commonwealth Games.

### Logo

 File:1998 Commonwealth Games Mascot.gif
 File:Petronas Towers at night (7025662613).jpg
The logo of the 1998 Commonwealth Games is an image of the national flower of Malaysia, the hibiscus (the *bunga raya*), the first games logo to introduce the colour yellow. (All previous logos had been red, white and blue to reflect the colours of the British Union Flag). The red, blue, white and yellow colours represents the colours of the Malaysian national flag and Malaysia as a confident, young, dynamic nation. The yellow pollens represent the six regions of the world that includes the 68 Commonwealth member nations.

### Mascot

The official mascot of the 1998 Commonwealth Games is an Orang Utan named *Wira* (Malay for "warrior" or "hero"). The Orang Utan is the largest and probably the most intelligent primate in Asia which lives in the tropical rainforests of Malaysia. The adoption of Orang Utan as a games' mascot is to represent the friendly personality of Malaysia as a host, encapsulating the traditionally warm nature of its' people, the nation and the land itself. As the mascot of the games, Wira characterises charm, intelligence, and sporting ability of the participating athletes.

### Sports overview

The host nation was thrilled at achieving its best ever haul of ten gold medals which has since been surpassed by its achievement in the 2010 Commonwealth Games, where Malaysia won twelve gold medals.

The 16th Commonwealth Games host newly introduced team sports of cricket, field hockey, netball and rugby sevens and individuals sports of ten-pin bowling and squash, while of athletics, badminton, boxing, cycling, gymnastics, lawn bowls, shooting, swimming and weightlifting to make a total of 15 sports contested.

In front of 20,000-fans at the Petaling Jaya Stadium, rugby sevens in particular were an enormous success with New Zealand collecting its 100th Commonwealth Games medal with a 21–12 win over plucky Fiji, (the reigning world champions). Man of the match was the giant Jonah Lomu who had worked tirelessly during the 10-minutes each way final.

Led by veteran star David Campese, Australia took the bronze beating Samoa 33–12.

In the squash event many had anticipated a close match between Michelle Martin and Sarah Fitz-Gerald who had both comfortably won their respective semi-finals. Fitz-Gerald had won the previous two years world open and Michelle the three prior to that and so it was with some surprise to many that Martin took the gold in three straight sets 9–0, 9–6, 9–5. Fitz-Gerald did avenge this defeat in the final of the world championship later that year, in what many people regard as the greatest women's final ever, coming back from 8–2 down in the fifth to retain her title.

Martin also teamed up with Craig Rowland to take the commonwealth mixed doubles gold.

Erika-Leigh Stirton took five of the six available gold medals in the rhythmic gymnastics only being beaten into second place in the team event in the hosts took gold.

### Closing ceremony

The games concluded on 21 September 1998. At the centre of the field, two "sports sculpture" performers rise gradually and show different athletic gestures slowly in the air, conveying the noble Commonwealth Games spirit.
Other Malaysian dance were performed while the Main Stage in tune with the rhythm of the song form was primarily a Malaysia Day and Hari Merdeka entered the stadium, flew around the athletes and danced with all athletes in the stadium and millionaire marshals in tune with the rhythm of the song of folk music ethnics based in Kuala Lumpur forming a spectacular dance circle.

Finally, Malaysian festivals performers in festive clothes, millionaire performers of minority ethnic groups, Malaysian dance performances, millionaire collectors of launched red silk and Petronas Towers and Kuala Lumpur Tower performers threw the Wira lucky cloud yarn strips into the stadium, interacting with the athletes. At the same time, innumerable dazzling fireworks were launched from the top of the "bowl rim". Then, numerous fireworks formed a huge circle of fireworks, symbolising the successful conclusion of 1998 Commonwealth Games.

## Participating teams

 File:Commonwealth games 1998 countries map.PNG
69 teams were represented at the 1998 Games.
(Teams competing for the first time are shown in **bold**).

* File:Flag of Anguilla.svg Anguilla
* File:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda
* Australia
* Bahamas
* File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh
* File:Flag of Barbados.svg.png Barbados
* File:Flag of Belize.svg Belize
* File:Flag of Bermuda.svg Bermuda
* File:Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana
* File:Flag of the British Virgin Islands.svg.png British Virgin Islands
* File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei
* **File:Flag of Cameroon.svg.png Cameroon**
* Canada
* File:Flag of the Cayman Islands.svg Cayman Islands
* File:Flag of the Cook Islands.svg Cook Islands
* File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus
* Dominica
* England
* File:Flag of the Falkland Islands (1948–1999).svg Falkland Islands
* File:Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji
* Ghana
* File:Flag of Gibraltar.svg Gibraltar
* File:Flag of Grenada.svg Grenada
* File:Flag of Guernsey.svg Guernsey
* File:Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana
* India
* File:Flag of the Isle of Man.svg Isle of Man
* File:Flag of Jamaica.svg.png Jamaica

* File:Flag of Jersey.svg Jersey
* File:Flag of Kenya.svg.png Kenya
* **File:Flag of Kiribati.svg Kiribati**
* File:Flag of Lesotho (1987-2006).svg Lesotho
* Malawi
* File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia
* File:Flag of Maldives.svg Maldives
* File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta
* File:Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius
* File:Flag of Montserrat.svg Montserrat
* **File:Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique**
* File:Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia
* File:Flag of Nauru.svg Nauru
* New Zealand
* File:Flag of Norfolk Island.svg Norfolk Island
* Northern Ireland
* Pakistan
* File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg.png Papua New Guinea
* Template:Country data Saint Helena and Dependencies
* File:Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis
* File:Flag of Saint Lucia (1979-2002).svg Saint Lucia
* File:Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* File:Flag of Samoa.svg Samoa
* Scotland
* File:Flag of Seychelles.svg Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore
* File:Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg Solomon Islands
* South Africa
* File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka
* File:Flag of Eswatini.svg Swaziland
* File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania
* Template:Country data The Gambia
* File:Flag of Tonga.svg Tonga
* File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago
* File:Flag of the Turks and Caicos Islands.svg Turks and Caicos Islands
* Uganda
* File:Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu
* Wales
* File:Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia
* File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe

## Main venues

### National Sports Complex, Bukit Jalil

 File:Bjalilinterior.jpg
* National Stadium, Bukit Jalil—Opening/Closing Ceremony, Athletics
* Putra Stadium, (Indoor) Bukit Jalil—Gymnastics
* National Aquatic Centre—Swimming
* National Hockey Stadium—Hockey
* National Squash Centre—Squash

### Bukit Kiara Sports Complex

* Juara Stadium—Netball
* National Lawn Bowls Centre—Lawn Bowls

### Other venues

* Cheras Veledrome, Kuala Lumpur—Track cycling
* Kuala Lumpur Badminton Stadium—Badminton
* Mines Convention Centre—Weightlifting
* Shah Alam—Cycling road racing
* Malawati Stadium, Shah Alam—Boxing
* Pyramid Bowl, Sunway Pyramid, Subang Jaya—Tenpin bowling
* Petaling Jaya Stadium, Petaling Jaya—Rugby
* Langkawi International Shooting Range (Lisram) – Shooting

## Marketing

### Sponsors

A total of 55 companies and organisations sponsored the games, including Malaysian state-owned enterprises.

* Astro
* Bank Bumiputra Berhad
* Canon Inc.
* DRB-HICOM
* Leopex Sporting Goods
* Kodak
* Malaysia Airlines
* MasterCard
* Maybank
* Pensonic Group
* Nestlé
* PepsiCo
* Percetakan Nasional Malaysia Berhad
* Petronas
* Siemens
* Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme
* Faber-Castell
* Aramas Utama Holdings
* Extol Corporation
* Clipsal
* Electcoms
* Goldtronics
* Grace Distribution
* Permanis
* Macroworld
* Microsoft
* NetCard Corporation
* P.K. Electronics
* Royal Selangor
* Perodua
* Permodalan Nasional Berhad
* Selvex
* Sema Group
* Teknologi Ikram
* Unilever
* Konsortium Perkapalan Berhad
* Pos Malaysia
* Telekom Malaysia
* TH Alliance Asia Pacific
* Genting Group
* Sime Darby
* Antah Group
* Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange
* Malaysian Industrial Development Finance Berhad
* Colgate-Palmolive
* Island & Peninsular Berhad
* Sungei Way Group
* Ajinomoto
* Tenaga Nasional
* Chiyoda Corporation
* BP
* Tourism Publications Corporation
* IOI Group
* Golden Hope

## Medal table

Key
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  \*   Host nation (Malaysia)

## Medals by event

### Aquatics

Main article: Aquatics at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
### Athletics

Main article: Athletics at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
### Badminton

Main article: Badminton at the 1998 Commonwealth Games

### Cricket

Main article: Cricket at the 1998 Commonwealth Games

### (Field) Hockey

Main article: Hockey at the 1998 Commonwealth Games

### Lawn bowls

Main article: Bowls at the 1998 Commonwealth Games

### Netball

Main article: Netball at the 1998 Commonwealth Games

### Rugby sevens

Main article: Rugby sevens at the 1998 Commonwealth Games

### Squash

Main article: Squash at the 1998 Commonwealth Games

### Ten-pin bowling

 Women's singles
 Men's doubles
 Women's doubles
 Mixed doubles

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Roper, Alexander. "The Bidding Games: The Games Behind Malaysia's Commonwealth Games". Academia.edu. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
2. ↑ "Kuala Lumpur 1998". *thecgf.com*. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
3. ↑ Jones, Terry (12 September 1998). "Opening ceremonies were as good as they get". *Edmonton Sun*. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
4. ↑ "Commonwealth Games mascot". *Aldaver*.
5. ↑ "Past Commonwealth Games". CGF. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
6. ↑ [1]

## External links

* Commonwealth Games Official Site
* Official Kuala Lumpur 98 – 16th Commonwealth Games Website
* Unofficial site
* KL 98 Games Archives

Template:Sequence

Template:Commonwealth Games years
Template:Commonwealth Games Associations at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
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