recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
The Sundering

*"Destruction, chaos and apathy. A place void of hope. This is how our time ends."*

The Sundering is the event that ended the last civilizations that existed on Altharon. The only thing left from these civilizations are old ruins that hold runes and inscriptions that contain various information about the time before the event. Little is known about how or why the sundering came to be. The runic texts and inscriptions mostly speak of the countless wars that were waged prior to the annihilation. A lot of research is currently being done by all of the races throughout Altharon to decipher the meaning of this cataclysmic event.

###

### Myan Theories

Myan scholars believe chaos and war between the races to be the main factor of the sundering. Due to this Myans have a very strong attitude towards avoiding wars and conflicts with other races. Thylvari share in the Myan theories and it has created a blooming relationship between the two races.

### Veskarri Theories

The Veskarri believe that the sundering was caused by some sort of divine intervention. They believe that the inhabitants of Altharon abandoned the gods and were punished. Veskarri scholars also state that they do not believe this to be through the cause of some war between the races. Due to these theories, other races view Veskarr with fear, but the Thargon have respect for their honor and devotion to the gods, as they themselves share the same mindset.
Shippings

WOSC has shippings, like other things. Some are true, some are false, and some have yet to be proven either. This page is dedicated to WOSC shippings.

## True Shippings

The shippings that lived happily ever after. Yaaay.

* Wolfmist x Stormheart
* Pebblefang x Frostfeather
* Hawkdance x Treeheart
* Windheart x Duskpelt
* Snowflower x Sunheart
* Furyfang x Pinefur
* Frostflower x Scarpelt
* Duke x Duchess
* Frostheart x Breezefoot
* Gorgeshade x Fireshine
* Hazeleyes x Pepper
* Darkclaw x DewFrost

## False Shippings

Those shippings that just didn't work out... Or never worked at all!

* Pebblefang x Senor Pebble
* Dappleheart x Shadepelt
* Jet x Boneblood
* Liontail x Frostheart
* Duchess x Munch
* Frostfeather x Falconflight
* Frostfeather x Foxwhisker
* Snowflower x Thorn
* Leafpelt x Shadelight
* Mistycloud x Dappleheart
* Hazeleyes x Leafpelt

## Unknown Shippings

Are they together? Are they a thing? The world may never know...

* Firewing x Dewfrost
* Frogface x Darkspirit
* Blizzardstorm x Fishclaw
* Clawstar x ???
* Shadelight x Nightmare
* Juniperpaw x Flamepaw
* Mistycloud x Leafpelt
* Falconflight x Blackclaw
* Falconflight x Aspenfall
Thylvari

Thylvari are an all-female race that live in harmony with nature around them. They are set in the beautiful and free western continent of Syltharin. Thylvari are tall and have a slim posture. They are easily recognized as their skin is very pale and their eyes shine an emerald green at all times. They typically stand at 5'4 - 5'7ft tall and weigh around 120-130lb. Since The Sundering a Thylvari has yet to die of age so it is unknown for how long they are able to live. Thylvari do not eat meat and need a minimal amount of food in order to stay in good physical shape, some Thylvari can go weeks with only one meal. Thylvari meals often consist of natural berries and nuts found growing throughout the forests of Syltharin. The Thylvari capitol is Lisryggad and is built around a great tree looked upon as a physical manifestation of the deity Elthiron.

### Personality

Most Thylvari are loving and good people. Due to their kindness they are easy to form a bond with and most people that know a Thylvari often only have good things to say about them. Thylvari are also very adept at noticing if people are trying to hide something in a conversation. Despite Thylvari being so connected to their natural homes in the forests of Syltharin, they also have an insatiable curiosity to all things not known to them. Thylvari adventurers are common and Thylvari people state that every Thylvari should venture the continents for at least two-hundred years before settling with a home. Thylvari are good people due to their deep connections with nature. They have learned to show compassion and care towards every species and generally live by this. Because of this all Thylvari shift towards the good alignment. There are some evil and neutral Thylvari but these are ones that have been corrupted in mind or received new points of view during their adventures.

### Reproduction and Naming

Thylvari, being an all-female race do obviously not reproduce normally like other races. Thylvari believe that they are all daughters of the great godson Thylvion. Thylvari are naturally brought to life in pods that grow around the great tree of Lisryggad, they believe that the great godson Thylvion plants his seed in chosen places around the tree which then blossoms into being his daughters. All Thylvari are born here and they are born as adults. As a Thylvari is born they automatically know their first name from the top of their head. They are then taken to city officials that give them a surname. These surnames often include something of natural origin from within our outside the forest.

#### Examples of Surnames

* Leafwind
* Treewhisper
* Dawnfir
* Moondusk
* Galewind

### Deity

Thylvari believe they are born from the great god Elthirons son, Thylvion. Therefore they believe greatly in his powers and their heart lies with him. Elthirons other sons and daughters are known by Thylvari to each manifest their own part of natural life. This is why Thylvari are so bound to nature.
Hawkdance

photo
Hawkdance is a black she-cat with a red stripe and one green eye and one dark amber eye. She has a scar over her eye across her throat and three small ones on her shoulder that don't stand out at all.

She is brave, adventurous, and very curious. But ever since the last batle, she has been cautious, nervous, and basically timid and easily frightened.

She is mates with Treeheart, has four kits, and is living out her duty as a warrior to this day.

## History

Her mother died moments after giving birth and both Nightkit and Smudgekit died with her. She had one thing to remember them by: A tuft of cream and pale red fur. She grew up with her two best friends, Tinykit (Treeheart) and Smudgekit. She left SkyClan to look for two cats she heard went missing moons before and ran into the tribe. Afterwords she came back to skyClan, became an apprentice, then later a warrior. She then Became mates with Tinykit, now Treeheart.

## Family

Mother: Grasswhisker; Dead

Siblings: Smudgekit, Nightshade; Both dead

Father: Sparrowsong; Dead

Kits: Herionkit, Rainkit, Badgerkit, unnamedkit.

Mate: Treeheart.

Other: Wwweeellll..... Deathwhisper, Holly, Rits, Whisker, Mouser, Sagekit, Galekit, Hauntedkit, Coperkit,(I think) Twokit, Crater, Halfpaw, Wildpaw, Mistypaw, Scorchingpaw, Goldenleaf, Twig, Lilyleaf, Crow. \*Whisker, Crater and Mouser all dead.\*

## Trivia

* Hawkkit was the first to notice Derpstar and Pikachutail in the CYSClan Raid.
* She is one of Jaystarthecat's characters.
* She is mates with Treeheart.
* She was picked up by a hawk when she was a kit, resulting in her name and scars.
World of Altharon Wikia

## Welcome to the World of Altharon Wikia!

This is the official wiki page for the world of Altharon. Altharon is a fantasy world created and developed by Amar Duranovic.

This wikia will be host to lore and information concerning every aspect of Altharon.

## What is the World of Altharon?

The world of Altharon is a fictional fantasy setting created by Amar Duranovic. The world was originally created to be used with custom Dungeons & Dragons campaigns but has since then been evolved into being used for a separate RP game. If you are new to the World of Altharon, there is a lot to delve into. Perhaps you could start where it all began, with The Sundering.
Bean Hipe Cafe

**Bean Hip Cafe** è un negozio di caffè in un'area sconosciuta. Poco si sa del caffè in sé, oltre che ha ospitato una mostra di Mark Jefferson .

## Mostra di Jefferson

C'era una mostra per il lavoro di Mark Jefferson dal 5 novembre al 1 ° dicembre 2009. Sottolinea la sua fama affermando che è un "fotografo internazionale".

Il 7 ottobre 2013 durante l'episodio 1 , Max può trovare un volantino della mostra nella camera da letto di Victoria Chase, in cui si dice che l'ingresso è a pagamento.

Victoria ha chiaramente un'ammirazione enorme per il lavoro di Jefferson e conserva il volantino per ragioni sentimentali.
Velvet

***And now, a message from Rosetail***

*Ya see, tags don't work here, at least the same way. But that's not the point. I see you using the double "square brackets" ([]), that's for links. You just made links for pages "Family", "History" and "Trivia".*

*But if you want section heading, you should use the "equals" math, double minus, equals, thingy. (=) Surround the word with it.*

*If you want the line thing like in most articles, use double those, but if you want something like the letters of the character list, use only one on each side.*
Library of Roseiron

The Library of Roseiron is the crowning achievement of Myan society. It contains knowledge on all known aspects of the world and it is almost considered a civil duty to make some sort of contribution to it during a Myan's life. Myans believe that all knowledge is relative, and that the quest for knowledge is the most noble of all. The library was constructed in 434 ND.

   The building itself is a huge tower in the middle of the city. It is by far the biggest and most grand building in Roseiron. The library itself is divided into several large sections covering different categories of knowledge. Each section has its own Master Librarian with several associates, and these work to keep the sections clean and organized as well as go through any new potential material that is to be added in the library. Being a Master Librarian or the associate of one is considered a very honorable profession in Myan society, and usually requires over 7 years of training to become one in any field of specialization.

## The Grand Librarian

   The Grand Librarian is the leader of the entire library. Their duties involve making sure that the Master Librarians do their work, as well as go through some of the most important potential additions before they are added to the library. The Grand Librarian is usually considered "The One Who Knows All" in Myan society, and is also a member of the Main Council.

A Grand Librarian keeps his or her position either until death or they are deemed unworthy by the council. The Council always has potential candidates for Grand Librarian ready and it usually turns out to either be a grand explorer and contributor to the library, or one of the Master Librarians.

### List of Past and Present Grand Librarians:

* Le'ynna Ylziron : 1834 ND - Current
* Tho'lynn Verran : 1590 - 1834 ND
* El'wonn Meniras : 1268 - 1590 ND
* Aer'lynna Jelzira : 1068 - 1268 ND
* Er'landis Tolrasan : 714 - 1068 ND
* Mol'wynn Riloran : 434 - 714 ND
Breezefoot

Breezefoot is a sleek, blue-gray tom with blue eyes.

He is cute, quick, and stealthy, and somewhat overconfident at times.

He is alive to this day, serving as a warrior of SkyClan.

## History

Breezekit was born to Oceanbreeze, and took a liking to Frostkit. Frostkit would play with him when Oceanbreeze was sleeping or away from the den.

But one day, his mother was killed by Thorn, leader of BloodClan. Breezekit sobbed by her body for a while, only returning to camp hours later when found by Wolfmist.

He lived without a mother in the nursery with his siblings, comforted constantly by Frostkit. When Frostkit became an apprentice, he decided to toughen up to impress her.

* When Snowflower's kits, Lionkit, Leopardkit, Tigerkit, and Tinykit, came around, Snowflower constantly trusted him with her kits when she was away.
Nevaeh Academy

**Nevaeh Academy** is a school for those whose souls were left behind after their death. If you were a good student who followed the rules then, upon your graduation, you would be able to return and resume your life.

## Factions

### Disciplinary Committee

The disciplinary committee are watchmen who have the role of cracking down delinquents who break the school rules, namely, the Bad Apples. Every member has the same mask to hide their face and they speak in the same emotionless tone. They stand in the way of the delinquents with a special weapon in their hands that can temporarily "correct" and turn any delinquent into a good student.

### Bad Apples

The delinquents, who have turned school items into weapons, have formed a do-or-die resistance. They think that the real meaning of graduation is death and so they deliberately continue to be delinquents by breaking various school rules. Their goal is to be expelled by "eating the forbidden apple" which breaks the ultimate school rule.
Cochineal

## The Insect

   Cochineal comes from the dried bodies of Dactylopius coccus, a type of scale insect which feeds on prickly pear cactus. Scale insects are immobile insects which are often permanently attached to their host plant. They are native to subtropical areas, but are often cultivated in Peru, Mexico, and Australia.

Cochineal was harvested and used by the Aztecs. Europeans discovered it in the sixteenth century and began to export the insects. The dye source was heavily exploited until a synthetic red was developed nearly three centuries later. However, synthetic red dyes often leached harmful chemicals, like arsenic, and cochineal continued to remain an important source of red color.

## How to Harvest

The insects brushed off the plant and then submerged in hot water, exposed to sunlight, or baked in an oven to kill them. It takes roughly 70,000 insects to create a 1lb of dyestuff. Because of the harvest method and the amount required, cochineal is relatively expensive by weight.  Cochineal can often be purchased from dye supply houses or imported, in whole or powdered form.

## How to Extract Color

   Cochineal creates a range of colors, from pale pinks and a variety of reds all the way to deep purples and fuchsias. Grinding the cochineal into a fine powder will all for the greatest color extraction. Trudy Van Stralen recommends "Don't stop when it's gritty like sand or sugar; keep grinding until it's as fine as flour."

Cochineal is very sensitive to pH. A pH of 4.5 leads to oranges, 4.5-6.5 produces red tones, and neutral pH leads to purples.  Adding cream of tartar to the dye solution will help increase the color yield. A tin mordant or amendment will help retain a bright scarlet red. An ammonia dip after dyeing will help create stable purples. Iron will also create purples. Mixing cochineal with marigolds or fustic will produce oranges.  Historically, lime juice was used to create an acidic solution, thus enhancing the brought reds.  Cochineal is also not lightfast, and will fade over time when exposed.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Stralen, T. V. (1993). *Indigo, madder & marigold: A portfolio of colors from natural dyes*. Loveland, CO: Interweave Press.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Burgess, R., & Green, P. (2011). *Harvesting color: How to find plants and make natural dyes*. New York: Artisan.
Coreopsis

## The Plant

Commonly called Tickseed or Dyer's Coreopsis , *coreopsis tinctoria* is an annual plant native to North America. It grows 2-3 feet tall and prefers full sun. The flowers are bright yellow to orange-red. It is beneficial to deadhead flowers, as the plant produces more flowers when old flowers are removed.  Coreopsis can survive in poor soil with little water and attracts bees and other pollinators.

## How to Harvest

Pick flowers using garden shears or scissors. If you plan to dry the flowers for later use, you may wish to write the fresh weight on the bag in which you will store them.  Save only the flower heads or petals.

## How to Extract Color

Crush the required amount of flowers, fresh or dry, and soak them in water overnight. The next day, bring water to a boil and simmer for one hour. Then strain the dye solution into another pot. Add prepared fiber and simmer for another hour.

Fiber that has been mordanted with alum will give a range of colors, from gold and mustard yellow to oranges and olives.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 McLaughlin, C. (2014). *A garden to dye for: How to use plants from the garden to create natural colors for fabrics and fibers*. Pittsburgh, PA: St. Lynn's Press.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Stralen, T. V. (1995). *Indigo, madder and marigold: A portfolio of colors from natural dyes*. Loveland, CO: Interweave Press.
HeatherClan

>
> *"I Heatherstar, leader of HeatherClan, vow to make HeatherClan as strong as SkyClan and BloodClan."*
>
>
> "I Redstar, leader of HeatherClan, vow to protect HeatherClan to my last breath take."
>
>
> "I Rosestar, leader of HeatherClan, vow to maintain peace as long as it's possible."
>
>
> The three leaders about the birth of HeatherClan.
>
>
>
>

HeatherClan is a Clan that lives on the open grasslands, though it has a bit of forest territory. It was formed by Heather, Red and Rose

## About HeatherClan

HeatherClan has three leaders instead of one, along having two medicine cats. There is only one deputy, who will join in decision making, and follow one leader after their death. In the even that two leaders would die, the deputy and the remaining leader would together decide who will follow the other fallen leader. If all die, the deputy will have to decide followers for the two.

Both medicine cats are allowed to have mates, though only one at a time can have kits, so there would still be an active medicine cat. If a medicine cat is too distracted by their mate, they either need to focus more on their work, abandon it, or leave their mate.

## Current Ranks

**Leaders:** Heather, Red, Rose,

**Deputy:** Yellowfang

**Medicine Cats:** Moon and Luna

**Warriors:** Starlight, Leaf, Dusktail, some other tribe cats

**Apprentices:** Flutterpaw, Emeraldpaw, Owlpaw and tribe cats

**Queens:** Amberfoot, Ivyfern, tribe cats

**Kits:** Fernkit, Sparrowkit, Cloudkit, Littlekit, Rosekit, Jaykit, and tribe cats

**Elders:** tribe cats

## Territory

Mostly HeatherClan territory is open grasslands, a few trees scattered here and there.

**Heather Fields**
The Heather Fields are located in the up left corner. Many herbs can be found there, even if it's dominated by heather, but not that much prey.

**Fallen Stones**
The Fallen Stones are located near the HeatherClan camp. They are an unstable pile of rocks that had injure many cats.

**Stream**
A large stream, not quite a river, runs around the border of the territory. Moss, along bindweed and rush grows well around it. The stream is deep enough to have fish in it.

**Flower Fields**
The Flower Fields are located at the outskirts of the territory, below the stream and Heather Fields. It contains different herbs than Heather Fields

*Forest'*
The Forest is at the outskirts of the territory, in the upper right corner.

## Trivia

* HeatherClan was founded by Red, Heather and Rose.
* HeatherClan has different rules that SkyClan.
Mint

## The Plant

Mint is a perennial plant that can be started from seeds or clippings. It is slow to germinate, but can quickly overrun a garden. Mint loves full sun and loamy soils rich in organic matter.  Mint is aromatic and often used in cooking and for tea. Because it creates runners and quickly propagates, it is easy to produce enough to dye with. Mint oil is also used to deter insects and common pests.

## How to Harvest

Harvest the mint leaves if you wish the plant to continue to grow, or if you want to thin an area, harvest the whole plant. Mint can be cut back hard and will usually bounce back quickly.

## How to Extract Color

Mint produces yellows with alum or no mordant. It produces mint-green with the use of an iron modifier. The leaves contain the most dye, but the whole plant may be used. Leaves can be processed quickly in a hot bath or steeped more slowly in a cold bath to extract color. Leaves should be steeped until they turn brown, then strained from the dye bath. The dye bath is then ready to use.

## References

1. ↑ McLaughlin, C. (2014). *A garden to dye for: How to use plants from the garden to create natural colors for fabrics and fibers*. Pittsburgh, PA: St. Lynn's Press.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Duerr, S. (2010). *The handbook of natural plant dyes: Personalize your craft with organic colors from acorns, blackberries, coffee, and other everyday ingredients*. Portland, Or.: Timber Press.
Black Bean

## The Plant

Black beans are an annual, warm season vegetable which requires full sun

## How to Harvest

Black bean pods are left on the vine until most of the leaves have fallen off the vine and the beans rattle inside the pod. Harvest by pulling up the entire plant and placing it in a

## How to Extract Color

Black beans are soaked for 24 hours in room temperature water. More beans will make more pigment. Strain the beans from the liquid and save the beans to cook with. Allow the remaining dye bath to settle for a few hours and then siphon the water and bean particles from the top, for a cleaner color. Next add pre-mordanted fiber or yarn to the dye bath and allow to soak for 12-48 hours. Rinse in cool water.

Black bean dye is not considered a colorfast dye. It is both light and heat sensitive and will fade when washed. Heat during the dye process will destroy the color. In addition, the dye is very sensitive to pH and will change colors depending on the pH, providing anywhere from purple to green, or brown.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 McLaughlin, C. (2014). A garden to dye for: How to use
plants from the garden to create natural colors for fabrics and fibers (p. 78).
Pittsburgh, PA: St. Lynn's Press.
2. ↑ Natural dye tutorial: Blue yarn from black beans! (2012, February 3). Retrieved June 8, 2015, from http://knitbyahenshop.com/2012/02/03/natural-dye-tutorial-blue-yarn-from-black-beans/
3. ↑ Dye Lot. (n.d.). Retrieved June 8, 2015, from http://dye-lot.blogspot.com/2012/03/black-beans.html
Dolmen

Dolmen are a smart and charismatic people which originate from the valley of Kvinnysdal in Crostan. They have since planted their roots through all the great continents of Altharon apart from Syltharin, where no other race but the Thylvari are allowed permanent residence. Dolmen have set up a large network of trading posts throughout the great continents where they sell anything from raw materials to beautiful pieces of art.

Dolmen can be found working trades and professions of all stripes,each of them taking great pride in their work. They are considered to be some of the best artists in Altharon. The most famous painters, jewelers and tailors were mostly Dolmen. A Dolman without the capacity to perform a profession with great skill is tattooed with a mark on their forehead that reads: “Worthless” and exiled from Dolmen societies. Dolmen strongly believe that any who are not able to provide for the society they live in do not deserve to be there in the first place.

Dolmen hold no allegiance to any of the blessed races, nor '<>The Blessed Resistance'. They are neutral with all of these and trade with either of them mutually. Dolmen do not bother themselves with the frivolities of conflict and simply seek to show their mastery in the crafts and enrich themselves with valuable silver and gold.

### The Ancient Times

Dolmen were well organized even in the ancient times and according to recorded history were probably the first Unblessed to form settlements and towns. Their capital of Olsund was created in The Ancient Times, making it the first capital on Crostan. Olsund around this time is recorded to have held more than four fifths of the entire Dolmen population. Dolmen did not isolate themselves in the valley of Kvinnysdal though. History shows that they expanded their territories early and had contact with other Unblessed on the continent before any other. They befriended these Unblessed, mainly "<>" and "<>" by giving them gifts such as pelts, satchels and other equipment of practical use. In return, the stronger Unblessed defended the Dolmen from beasts and other potential enemies throughout the Ancient Times.

In the late ancient times Dolmen encountered a Veskarri encampment for the first time. They initiated trading and exchanging gifts with them immediately. This helped the Dolmen greatly once the Veskarri encampments were collected under one rule by Thorgrim the Great.
Birch Bark

excerpt by sanmarzano:

A sharp penknife is the crucial tool. You need to peel branches along the plane between the hard inner core and the softer outer wood, long strips come away quite readily. The outer silver surface could be picked off and discarded (though I don't bother), it is the middle layer that has the dye, it turns reddish when exposed to air. So long as the wood is fairly freshly fallen, the peeling is easy, except around knots. Then I soak the peelings for a week or two in water before boiling them for an hour or so and leaving overnight. I add the wool with the bark still in the pot and have found that a high temperature simmer for several hours gives the best colour. That was just one broken branch, which gave about 200g bark. Adding copper really brings up the pink/purple colour. It takes better on cotton and linen than wool. Although the initial yarn is not a strong pink, I have used the same dye pot of bark to dye a cotton bundle, which was a second hand summer dress and I just took out a linen shirt bundle this morning, expecting the colour to be pale by now, but the bark is still going strong.
Woad

## The Plant

   Woad is a biennial plant which produces blue dy. The first year broad, large leaves are used for dye. The plant produces a large taproot and the larger the root, the more dye is produced. Woad was one of the earliest dyes used in Britain, where it was also reported to have been used as a body paint.

## How to Harvest

First year leaves can be harvested up anywhere from 2-4 times.  Woad is considered a noxious weed in some areas, and can usually be harvested heavily in the spring. It tends to spring back and can be harvested again in the summer and fall, before the first frost. Because it is a difficult plant to get rid of, it can be harvested heavily.

## How to Extract Color

   Woad dye should be processed immediately from fresh leaves. Leaves lose dye potential the longer you wait between harvest and processing. Once it has been fully processed, it becomes stable and can be stored for later use.

A traditional preparation began by pulverizing the leaves, adding water, and fermenting the leaves until they formed a dark substance which was then used to dye.

Contemporary dyers begin by tearing the leaves and placing them in a pan with soft water or rain water. The leaves are heated to 90°C for 10 minutes. The pot must be cooled quickly to prevent the dye from breaking down. This can be done by half submerging the pot in an ice bath. Once the dye bath reaches 55°C, the leaves are strained out and the liquid pressed out to ensure the most dye is extracted. Once the dye pot is below 50°C, soda ash is added. If soda ash is added when the pot is too hot, it will destroy the blue. The pot will turn green-brown and the pH should be around 9 at this point. Next, whisk the dye pot for 10 minutes to aerate. The woad is then left to settle. The dye pigment will sink to the bottom and the water can be slowly poured off, leaving a concentrated dye. The final step is to allow the water to evaporate from the pigment. Dried pigment can then be stored for later use.

Once the leaves have been strained from the dye bath and squeezed well to extract as much blue dye as possible, they can then be simmered in water and used for a second dye with alum which produces "woad pink".

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Grierson, S. (1986). *The colour cauldron*. Perth: S. Grierson.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 How to Store Woad Pigment for later use. (n.d.). Retrieved July 21, 2015, from http://www.wearingwoad.com/how-to-store-woad-indigo-pigment-for-later-use/
3. ↑ Tersinha, R. (n.d.). How to Extract Woad Dye in 10 easy stages. Retrieved July 21, 2015.
Natural Dyes for Textiles Wikia

## Welcome to the Natural Dyes Wiki

Welcome to the dye wiki. We a collaborative community of dyers, fiber artists, and textile artists who aim to create a database of natural dyes, dye techniques, and resources. Are you an experienced dyer? Do you want to share your knowledge? We welcome new contributors to our community!

When we talk about dyeing fiber and textiles, we are referring to the process of adding color through chemical processes -- even when we talk about natural dyes. Dyeing can be a rewarding process that yields unique, and often unexpected results. Sometimes it can be difficult to find resources describing natural dyes and dye processes. Our goal is to create a free and accurate resource for those interested in dyeing their own textiles.

Many of our pages include safety suggestions, but please keep in mind that our contributors, without limitation, are not responsible for any injury, illness, loss, damage to personal property, or death as a result of the use of any information presented in this wiki.
Yellow Oxalis

## The Plant

*Oxalis pes-caprae*, an African wood-sorrel also often known as Sourgrass, grows cloverlike leaves on long stems. The bright yellow flowers, five petaled, are around 1.5 inches or 4 cm across, and cluster in small groups at the top of stalks slightly taller than those of the leaves. Yellow oxalis is native to South Africa, but is an invasive species found in most of the world.

Yellow oxalis is edible in small amounts, with an interesting tangy flavor. It should not be eaten in large quantities, as it is a diuretic, and the oxalic acid can be toxic.

## How to Harvest

When blooming, entire flower stalks can be cut from the plant. Or individual flowers can be gently pulled from the tops of stalks, as the smaller branching stems that support individual flowers are easy to break.

## How to Extract Color

The yellow flowers create a yellow dye. Unlike many cases which require a similar weight of the dye plant as the fiber to be dyed, oxalis flowers can brightly dye five times their weight. Oxalic acid found in the plant makes the use of a separate mordant unnecessary, but doing so can change the shade produced.

When handling the dye bath or rinsing the cloth after dyeing, wear gloves. The oxalic acid, once released from the plant, can cause painful tingling where it touches skin.

Hot dye bath: Add flowers to water and simmer lightly until the water is well colored and the petals have become much more translucent. Strain out the plant matter before adding cloth. Soak cloth until desired intensity is reached.

Cold dye bath: Add flowers to water. Let sit until the water is a similarly vibrant yellow to the flowers. Strain and use.

Flower impressions: Arrange flowers on slightly damp cloth. Cover with another layer of cloth, or with waxed paper. Flatten and press flowers into cloth, with a rolling pin or rubber mallet. Then let sit for several hours or even a few days before removing the flowers and rinsing.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxalis\_pes-caprae
2. ↑ https://thenaturecollective.org/plant-guide/details/bermuda-buttercup-non-indigenous/
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 https://www.auntjenny.com.au/blogs/news/botanical-dye-with-weeds-oxalis
4. ↑ https://www.annacarolynmeier.com/post/manage-your-blog-from-your-live-site
Marigold

## The Plant

Marigolds are an annual flower native to Mexico and Central America. It has a strong scent and produce yellow, orange, or red-yellow flowers. The plants bloom from mid-summer until the first frost. It has become a popular garden plant in North America.

Marigolds are a great companion plant. They deter deer and other pests and can also help repel mosquitos. Marigolds are used in traditional Hindu celebrations and are an important part of the Oaxacan dye tradition.

## How to Harvest

With marigolds, the more flowers you pick, the more flowers the plant produces. It is beneficial to pick flowers often throughout the growing season. The flower heads are gathered and are easily broken from the stalks. For the cleanest colors, only the flowers should be used, not the leaves or stalks. Marigolds can be used fresh or dried for later use. Trudy Van Stralen recommends weighing them as soon as you pick them and using the weight of the freshly picked flowers opposed to the weight of dried plant materials when calculating your dye bath. The fresh weight can be recorded on a paper bag, which is then used to store the dried plant material.

## How to Extract Color

      Trudy Can Stralen recommends pre-mordanting fibers when using all flower-based yellows to ensure colorfastness. Soak flowers overnight, then bring the water to a boil and simmer for one hour. Strain the plant material from the dyebath, add your pre-mordanted fiber, and simmer for another hour.

If the flower heads are gathered before the flowers are fully open, they will produce greenish yellows and lemon-limes. If picked in full bloom, they will produce yellows, golds, and oranges.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Stralen, T. V. (1995). *Indigo, madder and marigold: A portfolio of colors from natural dyes*. Loveland, CO: Interweave Press.
2. ↑ Vejar, K., & Remington, S. (n.d.). *The modern natural dyer: A comprehensive guide to dyeing silk, wool, linen, and cotton at home*.
Madder

## The Plant

   Madder (*Rubia tinctoria)* is native to western and central Asia. It has become naturalized in parts of central and southern Europe as well.  Madder can grow from 1-1.5 meters tall and the roots can be over 3 feet long.  Madder can be bought from some garden centers or grown from seed. It prefers well-drained, basic soil.

## How to Harvest

The root of the madder plant is used for dyeing and should be grown for 2-3 years before harvesting. Roots are lifted in autumn and portions of the root may be retained for replanting. The largest roots contain the most pigment and will provide more even results than smaller roots. After lifting, roots are dried at low temperatures in an oven or dehydrator. However, too much heat or moisture can reduce the intensity and quality of color.

## How to Extract Color

The highest quality pigment can be found in the central part of the roots and is called the krappe or crop. This dye can create bright reds and oranges. The outer parts of the roots and stems can be used to create an inferior dye called mull, which can be used to dye browns. Once the root is graded, it is usually ground into a powder for maximum dye extraction  Whole root segments can be used for a less intense color.

It is recommended that a dye bath is made with enough madder to equal 30-40% of the weight of the fiber, yarn, or fabric.  Some sources suggest at least 50%.  Ground or whole madder is added to a dye pot full of water and heated to 82**°**C (180**°**F) for 40 minutes. The heat is turned off and the madder is left to steep overnight. An alternative method is to

pour boiling water over the madder roots and leave for 10 minutes. Drain the water and then put in new water and simmer. This can help remove the brown pigments. If the roots are old it can also help to let them soak in a small amount of water before any preparation is done.

Then bring the dye bath back up to 82**°**C (180**°**F), add mordanted or unmordanted fiber, yarn, or textiles, and simmer for anywhere between 20 minutes to no more than two hours.  By exceeding this temperature or time frame, the dyer risks turning the textiles dull brown.

Pre-mordanting with alum will give a true red or orange. By making the dye bath alkaline shades can be shifted towards a truer red. By making it acidic and increasing temperature you get brigher oranges. Scarlet can be achieved by adding tin to the dye bath during the last 15 minutes.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Cannon, J., & Cannon, M. (1994). Dye plants and dyeing (p. 76). Portland, Or.: Timber Press.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Duerr, S. (2010). The handbook of natural plant dyes: Personalize your craft with organic colors from acorns, blackberries, coffee, and other everyday ingredients (pp. 147-149). Portland, Or.: Timber Press.
3. ↑ Furry, M., & Morrison, B. (1935). Home dyeing with natural dyes. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture.
Brazilwood

## The Plant

The brazilwood tree may reach up to 15 metres in height, and the dark brown bark flakes in large patches, revealing the lustrous blood-red heartwood underneath. The leaves are pinnate and each consists of between 9 and 19 small, leathery leaflets, which are broadly oblong in shape. The flower stalk, or inflorescence, is also branched and contains between 15 and 40 yellow, strongly perfumed flowers, which may be pollinated by bees.The petals are usually yellow with a blood-red blotch.The fruits are oval-shaped woody seedpods, measuring up to 7.3 cm long and 2.6 cm across; they hang off the branches and after the seeds are expelled, the pods become twisted in shape.The branches, leaves and fruit are covered with small thorns.

## How to Harvest

Brazilwood is harvested from old-growth trees originally found in tropical forests. Harvesting in old-growth forests can be devastating to their ecosystems, but there are fair trade, sustainable sources of brazilwood.  Brazilwood is usually sold as heartwood chips or sometimes as a powder.

## How to Extract Color

   Wood chips are pounded and then soaked in water for up overnight, up to a week. A range of reds and purples can be produced, depending on the soak time and pH of the dyebath. An acidic bath will produce yellows, oranges, and brown-pinks. An alkali bath will produce deep reds to purples. Clear, bright colors can be obtained by extracting the pigment with alcohol. Colors are not particularly light-fast.

## References

1. ↑ Lewis, G.P. (1998). *Caesalpinia: a revision of the Poincianella-Erythrostemon Group*. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.
2. ↑ Duerr, S. (2010). The handbook of natural plant dyes: Personalize your craft with organic colors from acorns, blackberries, coffee, and other everyday ingredients. Portland, Or.: Timber Press.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Cannon, J., & Cannon, M. (1994). Dye plants and dyeing. Portland, Or.: Timber Press.
Dyer's Chamomile

## The Plant

Dyer's Chamomile is found in much of Europe, primarily in the south and east, extending east of the Himalayas. It sometimes occurs in the British Isles and North America as an escape from cultivation. Dyer's Chamomile is a perennial that grows up to two feet tall. The flower heads are 1-1.5 inches across at the tops of long stocks. It is often bought in garden centers to be used as a plant border. It thrives in any well-cultivated soil and needs plenty of sun.

## How to Harvest

Plants should be grown in full sun. Those grown in shade tend to produce less dye pigment. Flower heads should be picked regularly and can be air-dried or dried in a dehydrator. The leafy green parts contain dye as well, and should be picked when the stems are mature.

## How to Extract Color

Fiber mordanted with alum will have soft yellow tones. Chrome produces a dull yellow and copper produces a green-yellow.  Ammonia darkens the yellow.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Cannon, J., & Cannon, M. (1994). Dye plants and dyeing. Portland, Or.: Timber Press.
Onion Skins

## The Plant

Onions have been cultivated for more than 3000 years. Plants produce flattened-globose bulbs covered in papery skins and star-shaped flowers. Onions prefer medium to light soils and do not produce heavy crops in sand, chalk, or clay soils. Roots and leaves are formed when daylight does not exceed 15-16 hours and bulb scales are produced during longer summer days.  Grocery stores and farmers markets often have onion skins as a waste product and are a potential source for dyers.

## How to Harvest

Dye is extracted from the papery skin, the tunic, on the exterior of the onion bulb. Because skins weigh so little, a large amount of skins is required for dyeing. Thoroughly dry skins can be stored in a paper bag until enough have been saved to dye with.  However, grocery stores and farmers markets often have onion skins as a waste product and are a potential source for dyers.

## How to Extract Color

Onion skins can be used to obtain a vibrant color with or without a mordant.  Without a mordant, the color may not be entirely light-fast. A strong bath can be produced using twice the weight of onion skins to the amount of fiber and will produce a brown or brown-pink without mordant. A strong bath with alum or tin will produce an orange, chrome will produce orange-tan, and copper will produce a darker brown. A bath 1/5th as strong will produce pale yellow without mordant, bright yellow with alum, yellow-orange with tin, khaki with chrome, and brown with copper. Onion skins can leave a strong smell in fibers that takes several washings to remove. Red or purple onion skins may produce a slightly different color from yellow-brown onion skins

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Cannon, J., & Cannon, M. (1994). *Dye plants and dyeing*. Portland, Or.: Timber Press.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Duerr, S. (2010). *The handbook of natural plant dyes: Personalize your craft with organic colors from acorns, blackberries, coffee, and other everyday ingredients*. Portland, Or.: Timber Press.
Metamfetamin

Metamfetamin

Metamfetamin har samma klass som kokain och andra sorters droger. Den har många slangbeteckningar men den brukar oftast kallas "meth". Drogen är vanligast i USA på olika fester, olika slags nattklubbar och raveparty. Under åren har framställningen av metamfetamin blivit mycket starkare, för att metoden har utvecklats.

Metamfetamin tillverkades för fösta gången i Japan 1919. De började använda drogen under andra världskriget, för att kunna hålla trupperna vakna och så fick kamikazepiloterna höga doser av metamfetamin när de skulle åka...
Historia

Droger har alltid funnits men olika droger har använts på olika platser och i olika syften. Droger tas fram på olika sätt, de kan vara växter eller kemiskt framtagna. De flesta droger var från början använda för att hjälpa människor med hälsoproblem. De senaste hundraåren har man kommit på att narkotika är farligt för kroppen och istället skadar kroppen. Droger som t ex morfin används än idag som läkemedel för att smärt stilla och ge en sövande effekt.

Heroins historia

Heroin började tillverkas 1899 som ett läkemedel. Det lanserades som icke beroendeframkallande medel som skulle hjälpa människor som var beroende av morfin. Framtill 1964 var det lagligt i Sverige. 1988 blev det lag på att narkotika var förbjudet och från och med 1993 kan du till och med straffas för användandet.

Cannabis historia:

Första plantan planterades för 6000 år sen i Kina. Från början användes plantan till mycket olika saker t ex matolja, medicin och djurfoder. Den användes som drog första gången i Indien i form av en dryck som heter Bjang. Mellan 1869 och 1950 fanns det att få tag på det svenska apoteken. På 60-talet tog cannabis konsumtionen fart bland hippie och backpackers. Därifrån ökade konsumtionen fart tills 80-talet då cannabis förbjöds.

[http:// http://sv.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokain#Historia Kokain historia:]

1886 användes och skapades kokain till en hälsodrink gjord på mineral vatten och lite kokain. Skaparen av denna dryck och kokain hette John Pemberton. Drogen var från början tänkt att användas för att bota beroende mot opiat- droger som morfin. Denna dryck är idag mer känd som coca-cola men cola innehåller idag inte kokain, den togs bort 1921. Kokain har också användas för att de afro- amerikanska arbetarna i hamnar ska arbeta hårdare och mer produktiva.
Desomorfin

**Desomorfin**, även känt som **krokodil** är ett smärtstillandeopiatpreparat härlett ur morfin. Desomorfin syntetiserades första gången i USA 1932. Drogen har sedativa och analgetiska egenskaper, och är omkring 8 gånger mer potent än morfin. I Schweiz användes substansen under namnet **permonid** och sades verka snabbt och under ett kort förlopp, med ganska lite illamående eller hypoventilation jämfört med motsvarande mängder morfin.

Substansen är narkotikaklassad och ingår i förteckningarna N I och N IV i 1961 års allmänna narkotikakonvention, samt i förteckning II i Sverige.

Drogen väckte uppmärksamhet i Ryssland 2010 på grund av en våg av hemlig produktion, förmodligen på grund av dess simpla syntes från kodein. Det vardagliga namnet på drogen i Ryssland är *krokodil* och den används som ett billigare alternativ till heroin, då kodeintabletter finns tillgängliga utan recept. Att använda hemmagjort desomorfin rapporterades först från östra Sibirien 2002, men har sedan dess spridits över hela Ryssland och närliggande före detta Sovjet-republiker. Drogen görs lätt från kodein, jod och röd fosfor i en process som liknar tillverkandet av metamfetamin från pseudoefedrin, men desomorfin som görs på detta sätt är väldigt oren och förorenad med olika giftiga och frätande biprodukter. Då blandningen rutinmässigt injiceras omedelbart med lite eller ingen rening, har krokodil blivit ökänt för att orsaka svåra vävnadsskador och kallbrand, vilket ibland kräver amputering, hos långtidsanvändare.
Logwood

## The Plant

   Logwood, haematoxylon campechianum, is a legume, a member of the pea family. It is a tree that grows up to fifteen meters high and has thin, smooth bark with thorns. It is a hard wood. Unlike most wood, logwood sinks in water. With older mordanting methods, logwood was not incredibly light fast, and fell out of favor for a long time as a dye. However, it was a cheaper alternative to indigo, and historically became popular in commercial dyes, despite fading. It is still not considered light fast, but it does fade fairly true, becoming lighter and slightly greener with time. Logwood produces red, purple, blue, and black colors.  The extract was once used as a pH indicator. Brownish when neutral, it becomes yellow-reddish under acidic conditions and purple when alkaline.

## How to Harvest

Logwood is an imported natural dye originating in Mexico. The dye is derived from the heartwood of medium to large old-growth trees, originally found in the tropical forests. There are certified organic, fair trade, sustainable sources available.

## How to Extract Color

   Logwood chips can be soaked directly or placed in a nylon stocking and soaked in cold water for at least an hour. After soaking, the solution should be purplish red. If it is brown, it is too acidic and wash soda can be added a teaspoon at a time until it achieves the appropriate color. Then simmer for one hour. Afterward, remove the stocking or strain your dye bath. Logwood is extremely sensitive to pH. Tin as a mordant will give pinks, purples and maroons. Alum produces blues or blue greys. Do not use cream of tartar as an assistant as this will turn the dyebath acidic and it will take on a brown colour. Copper produces dark blues. Mordant is essential when dyeing with logwood. Color is not light fast. . The dyebath may degrade if kept for a long time and produce greys rather than the expected colours.

## References

1. ↑ Liles, J. (1990). *The art and craft of natural dyeing: Traditional recipes for modern use*. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.
2. ↑ Hammeke, Erin (2004). "Logwood Dye on Paper" (PDF). University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved 2008-07-05.
3. ↑ Duerr, S. (2010). *The handbook of natural plant dyes: Personalize your craft with organic colors from acorns, blackberries, coffee, and other everyday ingredients*. Portland, Or.: Timber Press.
4. ↑ Stralen, T. (1993). *Indigo, madder & marigold: A portfolio of colors from natural dyes*. Loveland, Colo.: Interweave Press.
Heroin

Heroin är en ett narkotika klassat ämne som utvinns av morfin som i sin hand utvinns ur Opiumvallmo som är blomma. Drogen kan Införas med hjälp av spruta, snorta, genom ändtarmen eller genom rökning då koncentratet hettas upp. Ruset är i två steg steg ett är en upplevelse av stark eufori, Aptit, förstoppning, illamående, gåshud, sömnlöshet och Mios (pupillförträngning). Detta rus håller på lite mindre än 10 minuter, sedan övergår ruset till att bli likt ett morfin ruset, ett välbehag och tillfredsställelse, detta rus håller på i cirka 4-5 timmar.

Personer som tar stora doser kan känna sig pigg i omväxlande stunder och varm. Personen kan även känna sig sömnig och känna sig torr i munnen.

Heroin är mycket beroende framkallande, den son är beroende behöver använda för att slippa en stark abstinens. Abstinensbesvären är bland annat muskelvärk, kallsvett, diarré, illamående och kramper.