Georgina H

CCR199 - Annotated Bibiography

Baker, S. R. “Intrinsic, extrinsic and amotivational
orientations: their role in university adjustment, stress, well-being and
subsequent academic performance.” *Current*
Psychology*. September 9th, 2004. Accessed on November 27th,*
2015. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12144-004-1019-9

This
article analyzes the relationship between a student’s motivation and their
academic performance in university studies. The author concludes that one’s
motivation has an influence on their level of overall stress, however has no
relation to their academic performance. A student’s academic performance was
predicted by the subject’s study habits and academic performance prior to
entering university (students who achieved higher grades before university
generally had higher grades than students who achieved lower grades before
university). The findings of this study are extremely insightful and can be
generalized to all students; ones motivation to succeed is positively
correlated with success. Additionally, if an individual embodies positive study
habits and achieves high marks as a result of drive, or the motivation to
succeed prior to University, these same habits are likely to persist into
post-secondary study as well.

Battu, H., Belfield.C.R., Sloane.P.J. “How well can we
measure over-education and its effect?” *National*
Institute economic review. *January 1st, 2000. Accessed November*
27th, 2015. http://ner.sagepub.com/content/171/1/82.short

This
article illustrates three different aspects the concept of over education, over
two different years of graduating classes. The first aspect the examined
related to ways of identifying an overeducated worker; this can be done through
various measurement techniques however each technique has no correlation with
the others. The next aspect which was discussed was, “the effects of
over-education on earnings and job satisfaction”, the authors concluded that
these have the same effects and it is more commonly found in female employees
than male. The final aspect, looked at how the job components of overqualified
workers was actually greater and more difficult than the job components of
average workers of the same job title. This article highlights the measures to
identify an overeducated employee as well as provides many statistics about the
topic which are extremely insightful for readers. The information provided by
this article gives readers that additional knowledge about overeducated people
who may work with them or knowledge which can be taken as advice to avoid
working in jobs which you are overeducated.

Calfee, Robert
C., Macan T.H., Shahani. C, Dipboye. R.L., and Phillips. A.P. 1990.
"College Students’ Time Management: Correlations with Academic Performance
and Stress." *Journal of Educational Psychology*. December 1990. Accessed November 27th,
2015. http://resolver.scholarsportal.info/resolve/00220663/v82i0004/760\_cstmcwapas.

This
article analyzes the relationship between time management and academic success
in university students. However, from their survey data, the authors also
determined a relationship between effective time management and less stress and
greater life satisfaction amongst students. The findings of this article also
mirror, and confirm, those similar studies; time management does in fact have a
positive effect of the academic performance and overall quality of life
experienced by university/college students. Having this knowledge and being a
relatively new student within the university, this is something that I find the
most challenging yet the most beneficial, as the hypothesis does hold true to
myself and many others.

Holtzman. D.M & Kraft. E .M. “Skills needed in the 21st
Century Workplace: A Company Feedback from Undergraduate Business Alumni and
Employers with a National Study. *Business*
Education & Admisistration. *2011. Accessed November 27th,*
2015. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract\_id=1948629

This
article discovers the top 5 characteristics to have within the workplace, a
survey answered by both employees and employers of a company. They found that
some of these characteristics included; time management, communication skills,
cooperation when working with others and knowledge of global/local news.
Reading this article again provided me with additional “tips” and takeaways on
skills which I didn’t know were so important to possess (e.g.. knowledge of
global/local issues). This allows me to build on these skills while I still
have the chance before I am forced to enter the world of careers.

Irving, Greg,
Cathy Faye, and Donald Sharpe. 2008. "Academic Motivation in University:
The Role of Basic Psychological Needs and Identity Formation." *Canadian*
Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue Canadienne Des Sciences Du Comportement*.*
October 2008. Accessed on November 27th, 2015. http://resolver.scholarsportal.info/resolve/0008400x/v40i0004/189\_amiutrbpnaif.

This
article compares the relationship between “psychological needs” and
“psychosocial needs” in relation to the academic motivation of students in
post-secondary education. The study determined that to achieve the most motivation
to achieve high academic standing in university one must find their true
“identity”. The findings of this article are very relatable and adoptable, as
the subjects of the study are first year university students who are in the
same situation as majority of the class. Although the study does focus more on
identity formation leading to greater academic motivation, it is also important
for us to take note of the psychological needs which too play an important role
in academic motivation. Especially, competence, which explains that our
understanding of a given concept or task will determine out delivery of it, consequently
resulting in our motivation to continue performing it.

Levin, Joel R.,
Bruce K. Britton, and Abraham Tesser. 1991. "Effects of Time-Management
Practices on College Grades." *Journal of Educational Psychology.* September 1991. Accessed November 27th,
2015. http://resolver.scholarsportal.info/resolve/00220663/v83i0003/405\_eotpocg.

This study
attempted to prove the hypothesis that the GPA of college students would be
determined by a student’s time management patterns. After comparing the
students SAT scores and their GPA after a few years of college, the authors determined
that a student’s GPA was in fact affected by time management patterns and not a
students score on the SAT. These findings related to time management,
specifically he positive association between effective time management and the
achievement of higher academic standing is beneficial for the class to
internalize. The skill of time management, however, is also a skill which can
be used in everyday life after graduation – I believe it is one of the concepts
learned by students from the unwritten curriculum.

Robst,
John. "Career Mobility, Job Match, and Overeducation." *Eastern*
Economic Journal. *1995. Accessed November 27th, 2015. http://search.proquest.com/docview/197988392?accountid=14771.*

This
article investigates and identifies reasons for worker over education in the
workforce. It defines an over educated employee as a worker who’s “education is
greater than the job typically requires”. The author then investigates two
hypotheses for why workers may be working in fields that require less
qualifications than they have; the first thought states that overqualified
workers are not willing to put in the effort to find a profession with their
degree and find lower levels of employment as it is easier and compensating,
the second thought states these graduates are working in low level requirement
jobs as a stepping stone in their professional journey (as a pre-requisite, or
a experience in their given field). The strength of this study lay in the extensive
data provided to support each hypothesis. I found that their results showed a
greater over education in workers in certain professions and under education in
others. Knowing this, being a first year student and having to soon decide my
choice of major, it is good to be aware of what professions are generally
occupied by more academics than the job entails.

Stuart. L., Dahm. E.”21st Century Skils for 21st
Century Jobs”. *Federal Publications**.*** January 1st, 1999.
Accessed November 27th, 2015.
http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&context=key\_workplace&sei-redir=1&referer=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.ca%2Fscholar%3Fstart%3D20%26q%3Dworkplace%2Bskills%2Bin%2B21st%2Bcentury%26hl%3Den%26as\_sdt%3D0%2C5#search=%22workplace%20skills%2021st%20century%22

This
article discusses the skill set which workers entering the workforce in the 21st
century must possess in order to compete with more senior employees who are
already established and experienced. Outlining many skills for specific tasks
and professions, the author notes that new workers will be required to complete
more schooling in order to gain the skills for new jobs and to have the ability
to adapt to the constantly changing workforce. Another key quality important
for 21st century employees to possess is teamwork as well as
autonomy, these will in turn have a lifelong effect on their economic success
as well as help build our economy. I found this article extremely relevant for
myself, as within the next few years I along with the rest of the class of 2019
will be entering the workforce seeking employment in a broad variety of
professions. However, having read this article and learning about the skills
and qualities that are important to today’s employers is extremely beneficial,
as it is something I can build on and enhance these skills making myself a more
suitable candidate for future employment.

**Education**

Subtopic 1 - Motivation and its effects of
grades

Subtopic 2 - Time Management

**Profession/Employment**

Subtopic 1 -over education in the workforce
following graduation

Subtopic 2– 21st Century job skills