recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Certhioidea

This is a recently created superfamily that contains wallcreepers, nuthatches, treecreepers, gnatcatchers, and wrens. According to Wikipedia it was "proposed in 2004 by Cracraft and colleagues to house a clade of four families that were removed from the superfamily Sylvioidea." By 2019 it included 5 families, of which were decided by a molecular phylogenetic analysis.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Certhioidea&oldid=1068088286
Carnivora

This is an order of animals in taxonomy. The animals within are mostly carnivorous, hence the name. They are occasionally noted for having fangs and carnassials. The first carnivores evolved in the Paleocene, around 55 million years ago. All modern Carnivora are from one of two branches: Feliformia and Caniformia. Here is a list of the families in Carnivora, by their group:

**Caniformia**

* Ailuridae
* Canidae
* Ursidae
* Mustelidae
* Mephitidae
* Procyonidae
* Pinnipedia

**Feliformia**

* Felidae
* Hyaenidae
* Herpestidae
* Ververridae
* Prionodontidae
* Eupleridae

## References

1. ↑ https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/mammal/carnivora/carnivorafr.html
2. ↑ https://www.thoughtco.com/basic-carnivore-families-4111373
Hippocampus abdominalis

The big-belly seahorse, or pot bellied seahorse, is a species of seahorse that lives in the Tasman sea and Gippsland lakes of the Australian continent. The species is attributed someone named Lesson in 1827, however the name he gave it and the details of the situation are not known to this wiki writer. There may be a subspecies differentiation needed between its southern and eastern forms. This species tends to cheat on their spouse moreso than other seahorses, however their offspring continue to be genetically related only from the spousal pair. This may suggest that the way they mate with other individuals is done in a "safe" manner so that they do not fertilize. In November 2021 many pot bellied seahorses died due to flooding of a brackish lake, leading it to become too fresh for them to survive. One woman counted 36 dead in one small area, suggesting that perhaps a hundred or more died over the wider area.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.water.vic.gov.au/\_\_data/assets/pdf\_file/0025/541519/IEC2021\_Fish-Summary-and-Veg-Maps\_East-Gippsland.pdf
2. ↑ https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/Home/species/3332#moreinfo
3. ↑ https://reeflifesurvey.com/species/hippocampus-abdominalis
4. ↑ https://reeflifesurvey.com/species/hippocampus-abdominalis
5. ↑ https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-11-25/dead-seahorses-gippsland-lakes/100647622?utm\_campaign=abc\_news\_web&utm\_content=link&utm\_medium=content\_shared&utm\_source=abc\_news\_web
Afghan Hounds

Afghan hounds are a dog breed native to the Middle East. They are famed for their long bodies with long silky hair. They are often compared to human women. They are noted for having different fur quality on their upper back between desexed and intact individuals. They are a breed that are more known by looks then by name and are relatively well known, but not super-well known. They have appeared in commercials and movies.
Afrotheria

Afrotheria is a superorder in the theory of taxonomy. As its name suggests it contains animals that, a very long time ago, had ancestors of African origins. Living Afrotherians contain a great variety of animals, from rodent-like, to marine, to the largest animal on land. This is why elephants' closest relatives are hyraxes, a large rodent-like animals. The earliest known Afrotherians would be the animals from the genuses Abdounodus and Ocepeia. They were rodent-like insectivores.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afrotheria&oldid=1137034057
Caprolagus hispidus

The hispid hare, Assam rabbit, or bristly rabbit is an animal of South Asia. Wikipedia says it used to live in the Himalayas, but another source says it still does. They were thought to have gone extinct in 1966 but were rediscovered in 2018. However, this video suggests that it was known to still exist in 2012.

I tried looking this animal up on zooinstitutes.com, but I couldn't find it. I guess there's a limited amount of them in zoos and other wildlife viewing places, perhaps none at all.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hispid\_hare&oldid=1132821405
2. ↑ https://petkeen.com/hispid-hare/
3. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Byi8tnplZr4
Canis lupus chanco

Mongolian wolves current range extends into parts of China, Korea, and Ussuri, Russia. There is some confusion over another wolf subspecies, the Himalayan wolf, as they have been designated the same scientific name as the Mongolian wolf "until genetic evidence can be analaysed". The Tibetan wolf is also given the same scientific name, and they may or may not be Himalayan wolves. It seems as if they're saying "until further notice, Himalayan and Tibetan wolves are Mongolian wolves".
Calonectris diomedea

The Cory's shearwater is a seabird of the eastern Atlantic Ocean.

In Aristophanes' Birds the first part has two characters holding birds. In the English version, these are a crow and a jay. However, the word used in the original Greek seems to include multiple birds. κορώνη (koroni) may apply to the carrion crow, which carries today in its scientific name, Corvus corone. But the source suggests that it can be applied to the chough, a bird with a red bill and legs. That would be the red-billed chough, which also lives in Greece. The idea here seems to be that the red-billed chough is actually called a "sea crow", perhaps some people just called it crow for short? Additionally the website Perseus translates it from these sources and applies the word specifically to "Puffinus Kuhlii", which seems to be an outdated name for the Cory's shearwater. Thus it's possible that the bird held in his hand in question isn't a crow, but rather a shearwater. It's a little big and it has webbed feet, but it can fit onto a hand or shoulder if it tried. Wiktionary thinks it applies to the Cory's shearwater and crow, but also applies it to nightingales. However, the proper name for nightingale in Ancient Greek is ἀηδών (aedon). Whether it is actually supposed to be a carrion crow, a red-billed chough, or a Cory's shearwater is not known to me.

## References

1. ↑ http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=korw%2Fnh%7C&la=greek&can=korw%2Fnh%7C0&prior=e)me\&d=Perseus:text:1999.01.0025:card=1&i=1
2. ↑ https://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1459991
3. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hcwGCRtqWtU
4. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B7
5. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%80%CE%B7%CE%B4%CF%8E%CE%BD#Ancient\_Greek
Mustela minuta

*Mustela minuta* seems to refer to two different animals. One refers to the extinct *Palaeogale minuta*, the other is a previous name for the European species (from Sweden to Slovakia, from what I can see) *Mustela nivalis*. Minuta as a fossil is *M. minuta* (Gervais, 1848) whereas minuta as a living animal is *M. minuta* (Pomel, 1853). As a fossil the Palaeogale genus first started in Europe 36 or more million years ago, but no location is given and minuta may not have been the type species. As a European (sub)species it still survives to this day. It took 80 years before someone thought M. minuta (Gervais, 1848) should belong to Palaeogale. I don't know if this issue was noticed and brought to attention (I mean, surely someone did...).

## See also

* Weasels
* Mustela

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M.\_minuta&oldid=837406366
2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palaeogale&oldid=1145570739
3. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234848784\_Geographic\_variation\_and\_intraspecific\_taxonomy\_of\_weasel\_Mustela\_nivalis\_Carnivora\_Mustelidae
4. ↑ https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21658005.2016.1204722?journalCode=tzec20
Fossas

Fossas are creatures and fictional derivations of the *Cryptoprocta ferox*.

In Madagascar, fossas are portrayed as stupid social carnivores that terrorize the lemur population, causing them to break up their parties. They dine on them in a semi-human fashion as per the comedy of the series, trying to cook lemurs in bowls, covering them with salt and pepper, and having a menu full of lemur-based dishes. They seem to be a mix between the Lion King's hyenas and lionnesses, being cowardly hunters that laugh and look and are stupid and scroungy looking, and yet are feared and look like lions, especially in this movie. Despite being part arboreal, they seem to be more grounded here, having several scenes where they are walking, running, or sitting on ground and cliff. They have an entire side of Madagascar where they live.

In the real world, fossas are considered taboo for eating amongst some Madagascans due to their tendency to grave rob seldomly or on occasion. However, as they do eat chickens, they are killed for their disturbances sometimes too, but usually not eaten.
Hippocampus hippocampus

The short-snouted seahorse is a species of seahorse endemic to Italy and the Canary Islands. In 2018 it was reported to be breeding at the Thames River around the same time a law protecting the species was passed. It's very likely that someone released captive specimens here to better preserve the species. Due to this reason it isn't considered invasive, although normally it would be. This species was identified by Carl Linnaeus himself in 1758. However, perhaps it was not called the short-snouted seahorse at this time.

## References

1. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk\_news/england/london/7333980.stm
2. ↑ https://projectseahorse.org/hippocampus-hippocampus-the-short-snouted-seahorse-in-the-uk/
Mustela haidarum

The Haida ermine was identified as a new species in 2021. It is a hybrid descendant between ancient Mustela erminea and Mustela richardsonii that started some 375,000 years ago, when the ice allowed the two species to come together. The population has established itself as a species in some islands on the Pacific Northwest of North America. This began It was previously just considered a variety of subspecies of short-tailed weasels.

The subspecies *haidarum* used to be known as Queen Charlotte Islands Stoat. Though since they're all subspecies anyways, I don't see what's wrong with the distinction. It's still the same animal. They're from the Haida Gwai archipelago. It is considered to belong to Canada. *Celenda* is the Prince of Wales Island Ermine, and *seclusa* is the Suemez Island ermine.

The Haida and Tlingit tribes were the ones who encountered these ermines the most. The Haida would have lived with the Haida ermine and the Suemez Island Ermine, while the Tlingit would have lived with the Prince of Wales Island Ermine. However, as they visited and traded with each other both would have encountered all of these animals.
Death's-head hawkmoths

Spoilers*This article is about a specific form of media, such as a movie or a video game. Therefore it may contain heavy spoilers so as to best discuss it. You have been warned!*
I made this solely for the reference in Wednesday, in which she is said to be coming out of her cocoon while wearing a pretty dress at prom and someone comments that she is a death's head hawkmoth. Death head hawkmoths belong to the genus Acherontia.
List of animals whose common English names are based off of Native American words

Many of these animals are found only in America, or were unknown to confused settlers (amongst other possibilities). Many of these animals are transliterations, while others were given a name from another word in the language.

* Dowitchers are reportedly from an Iroquioan language, original meaning unknown.
* Moose are named after the word for them from one or multiple related languages that have basically the same name for them, likely from Penobscot, Massachusett or Narragansett. The word itself basically translates to "[bark] stripper".
* Caribou comes from Mi'kmak qalipu. It basically translates to "snow shoveler".
* Wapiti, while not commonly used in the U.S, is in use in Europe. It refers to what Americans call the Elk. In Europe, elk refers to moose. They kept their old name that American immigrants misidentified to the wapiti instead of the appropriate animal, and instead called them their Shawnee word. It means "white rumped". Funnily enough it's not the only animal on here by that name.

1. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=dowitcher&oldid=72858437
2. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=moose&oldid=75164294
3. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=qalipu&action=history
4. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=caribou&oldid=73150000
5. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=wapiti&oldid=73509474
Canis lupus dingo

Dingos are best described as a wild animal descended from a runaway dogs. They come from an ancient lineage about 8,300 years ago. Other dogs have developed from the ancient breed they descended from, namely the New Guinea Singing Dog and the New Guinea Highland Wild Dog. They have evolved since from their ancestors, which is noticeable by the adaptations to their digestive system (presumably from moving on from scraps and other foods their humans gave them to a more natural, wild environment cuisine).

Due to their midway point genetics, scientists fight over its scientific name. Should it be *Canis dingo*, and they live as if they were a separate species and have specialized behaviors, looks, and are less tameable? Or should it be *Canis familiaris dingo*, as dogs are considered to be separate enough by wolves to those scientists but dingoes are merely a breed of dog that lives in the wild? Or should they be considered a subspecies of wolf, as both dogs are distinct from wolves and dingoes are from dogs and wolves alike, but still close enough to be clear relatives? It's all due to a failure in the naming practice and the combination of older categorizations with a modern science's approach to DNA. It really doesn't matter which one you pick.

## Impact on humans

Dingoes are well known in the English-speaking world, though not particularly popular in non-Australian media. Like the kangaroo and koala, dingoes represent Australia. Dingoes are known to attack and eat small children.

While most dingoes are now fully feral, in the past some were associated with indigenous villages. They maintained wild populations throughout this time period. They were not cooperative during hunting trips, as they would often hunt for themselves and disobeyed their orders to hunt in their own style. Instead they mostly served as guard dogs to protect from animals and evil spirits and in general be a loving companion. Some Aboriginal women even nursed puppies, which is something I remembered from this references but learned a very long time ago.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6997406/
2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dingo&oldid=1100938457
3. ↑ http://www.fraserislandfootprints.com/?page\_id=277
Hippocampus debelius

Called the softcoral seahorse (not a typo) as it lives on soft corals in the depths of the Red Sea. It is only known from a couple of specimens. Scientific identification is given to Gomon & Kuiter, 2009.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/322110-Hippocampus-debelius
2. ↑ https://projectseahorse.org/iseahorse/explore/species/
3. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/47728610/47728833
4. ↑ https://fishbase.se/summary/Hippocampus-debelius.html
Delphinidae

Delphinidae is a family of cetecea that includes animals that in English are called dolphins and whales. Not all animals that are called dolphins or whales are included into delphinidae, these words are more of a basic description based on the build of the animal rather than it's evolutionary path.

Subfamilies in Delphinidae include:

* Delphininae
* Lissodelphininae
* Orcininae
* Stenoninae

There is also a genus that isn't included in any subfamily, that being Lagenorhynchus.
Ailuropoda melanoleuca melanoleuca

### English names

No known English names for the subspecies specifically as it's hardly known to have a subspecies. [Giant] panda [bear] could be for the species as a whole or just this subspecies.

### Local names

Standard Mandarin: 大熊猫 (Dà xióngmāo)Sichuanese: Unknown Guiqiong: Unknown Kham: Unknown Hakka: Unknown

### Modern range

Minshin Mountains, Gansu and Sichuan, China

The Giant Panda is an infamous species of bear, and the famous subspecies of panda. Wild Giant Pandas currently only live in the mountainous bamboo forests of Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Gansu. They are one of the National animals of China, the other being the Chinese Dragon. It is infamous due to environmental programs spreading awareness to keep it from extinction. Since then it has had a very popular presence. It is considered to be particularly adorable, with its pattern becoming loved and even being featured on other animals: for example, dogs dyed to the coloration, or a horse in a video game featuring its black and white patterns.

## Conservation

It is the mascot for the World Wildlife Fund. As a result it is a symbol of endangered species and people care a lot about saving it. Its near extinction and cuteness has given it a reputation of needing to be rescued. This resulted in many captive programs trying to rescue the panda from dying out. However, they have a hard time breeding. One part of it is due to the small breeding time given, just a few days, but they also exhibit a general disinterest in sex while in captivity. This has lead to breeders showing pandas films of pandas mating (panda pornography) in order to get them to propagate. They have one to two cubs, but always reject the second cub if one is born. In captivity the second cub is almost always rescued and raised by a human or an animal surrogate given by the human. Despite knowing that this is due to females only having one nipple, and despite many female animals being known to reject their cubs if its damaged, it still makes people feel disappointed in them as mothers.

There is more loud conservation driven towards pandas as a whole, that is- Ailuropoda melanoleuca, and this particular subspecies, then it's sister, the Qinling Panda. For some reason it's black-and-white pattern is more appealing, and no one takes notice of the brown-and-white variation, not even today.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List\_of\_national\_animals
Lepus capensis

Cape Hare.

CIES capensis

SUBSPECIES aquilo

SUBSPECIES carpi

SUBSPECIES granti

SUBSPECIES aegyptius

SUBSPECIES hawkeri

SUBSPECIES isabellinus

SUBSPECIES sinaiticus

SUBSPECIES arabicus

SUBSPECIES schlumbergeri

SUBSPECIES atlanticus

SUBSPECIES whitakeri

## References

1. ↑ https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13500092
2. ↑ https://archive.org/details/animalkingdomorz00linn/page/280/mode/2up?ref=ol&view=theater
Hippocampus coronatus

The crowned seahorse, or high-crowned seahorse, is found in the waters of eastern and western Japan and South Korea. It's Japanese common name is listed as タツノオトシゴ , making this the type seahorse Japanese named all seahorses after, or at least the one chosen to have the base/original name.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10065/54904583
2. ↑ https://fishbase.se/summary/Hippocampus-coronatus.html
3. ↑ https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E3%82%BF%E3%83%84%E3%83%8E%E3%82%AA%E3%83%88%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B4&oldid=86052907
4. ↑ https://rmda.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/item/rb00000002/explanation/01
Hippocampus subelongatus

The West Australian seahorse is found between southwestern Cape Leeuwin to northeastern Shark Bay and they breed near rivers. The species was made/identified by some bloke named Castelnau in 1873, though the details and the name he actually gave it are unknown to this author as of writing. It seems to have been renamed from *Hippocampus angustus* . There seems to be some confusion over how West Australian seahorse assesses its potential mates by size. One source insists that they choose their spouse by its similarity in size to its own, while another insists that males choose females with larger body and head sizes. They are a protected species.

## References

1. ↑ https://museum.wa.gov.au/explore/blogs/museumfish/fish-focus-west-australian-seahorse#:~:text=The%20West%20Australian%20Seahorse%20is%20quite%20a%20large,even%20purple%2C%20but%20they%20can%20change%20colour%20too.
2. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1766380/
Hippocampus erectus

Some guy named Perry in 1810 brought this species' attention to science and gave it a scientific name. Not known if this is the same scientific name it currently has. Called the Lined Seahorse in common English due to its (probably) little tons of lines all over it when one takes a closer look or because its patterns sometimes have more apparent lines or bands. It lives from the northern western Atlantic along the North American coast all the way to the middle of South America. It also inhabits the waters of the Azores islands in the mid-Atlantic.

This seahorse is one of the many sold as aquatic pets. It has breeds (or an attempt to pass off a seahorse as a breed by use of trademarking) from some sellers, like the Ocean Rider Mustang. These farm-raised variants are more trustworthy of people and are bred to not shy away from food in human hands.

It seems that thousands went missing or died as a result of uncounted trawling in Florida in the early 2000s.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10066/20191442
2. ↑ https://seahorse.com/product/mustangs-hippocampus-erectus-pairs-medium/
3. ↑ https://uspto.report/TM/78074058
4. ↑ https://projectseahorse.org/resource/bycatch-of-lined-seahorses-hippocampus-erectus-in-a-gulf-of-mexico-shrimp-trawl-fishery/
Helluva Boss

Spoilers*This article is about a specific form of media, such as a movie or a video game. Therefore it may contain heavy spoilers so as to best discuss it. You have been warned!*
Helluva Boss is a show created by Vivzie Pop. It is a breakthrough show, being one if not the first animated webshow entirely run by an indie team. It was intended as a "spin-off" of Hazbin Hotel, which was supposed to be the first webshow. Instead she ungloriously sold that to Hollywood. Helluva Boss takes place mostly in Hell, but also in the human world. People who die and go to hell undergo a body change, and many, but not all, become part animal. Additionally there are demons that are indigenous to hell ) if you will) and these local races also contain some degree of animal features. This make Helluva Boss a furry show, as many denizens of hell are anthros.

The many dead of hell are anthros or have parts of animals in many ways. All sorts of animals, which I will describe later. The local races of hell have so far been revealed to have at least five, all part animal: imps, hellhounds, the goetia, and some other race whose name I either forgot or that hasn't been revealed.

Imps are more of the classical-styled creatures Christians think of when they think of hell. Little evil devils with goat-like horns, snake-forked tongues, and a dragon-pointed tail. Hellhounds are mostly dogs, but also wolves and seemingly foxes. The goetia are based upon owls and other birds. The other race seems to be shark-based.

The main characters are mostly imps. One of them is a hellhound, who is mostly based off of a wolf. Stolas, an important non-main character, is based off of an owl.

In s1e8, Beelzebub is a mixture between a bee and a fennec fox. This is likely a reference to the theory that eevees, a kind of pokémon, are based off of or look similar to fennec foxes due to their large ears and eyes. This also makes sense due to the "eebee" pun. In Japanese, the sound "v" doesn't exist in writing, and thus when the sound needs to be made in foreign or made up words it is indicated with a "b"/
Frogs

Frogs are a well known animal in many cultures. In English-speaking media, they are well represented as characters, both major and minor, but not often as protagonists. However, some of the most famous protagonists are frogs, such as Ichabod and Kermit. They form a duality with toads. They are known mostly for their jumping, their offspring tadpoles, association with fresh water and lily pads, eating insects with a long tongue, and smooth yet slimy skin. In some places they are eaten. France and Louisiana are known by kids to be places that serve frog's legs, which are said to "taste like chicken". Additionally, and more unknown in English media, they were eaten by the Nahua. Their use of them as intoxicants is known to Americans, as in frog-licking and in using poison dart frogs' poison upon weapons such as spearheads and darts. Poison dart frogs have recently come into fame due to their small and colorful yet deadly nature. Frogs may be kept as pets. Red Eyed Tree Frogs are an especially famous sort of frog, and a famous representative of jungles and the endangered animal commitee. There is a popular meme, somewhat associated with nazis sometime after its creation, of a poorly drawn character named Pepe the frog. Some people have associated him with the Egyptian god Kek, who also has a frog's head.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/flora-and-fauna/frogs-and-toads
Bunnies

Bunny is a word used exclusively for rabbits when they are cute. It is a word used to describe the animal itself in a general sense, but also as "pet word" or a "sweet word" of a sort. It is used as the animal's main word, but it denotes their cuteness and them being cute. It is similar to doggy or kitty in this respect, but doggy is usually reserved for children, and kitty has its own implications (including kitten hood). Bunny notes the fluffyness of rabbits, their cute wiggling noses, their beady eyes. It is a word used by adults and children alike, and it used to be more used by children, but is now mostly equally used by adults, even in more general contexts. It isn't used as a species word, all wild bunnies (itself a slightly awkward phrase, but still somewhat natural, denoting the cuteness of them) are, as a silent linguistic rule, are given rabbit (or hare or jackrabbit) in their scientific-y common name. All bunnies are rabbits, and all rabbits are bunnies. However, all bunnies are rabbits first...sort of. If you encounter a scary rabbit, it may still be called a bunny, but as a rabid dog named Fluffy, it's a little contradictory, but not as much so. Like half way there I think.

Bunny is a given name, but it is rare. Due to Playboy Bunnies, there is an association with "Bunny" being a sexual term. As girls can be "cute" which can be interpreted in a specific kind of sexual way. Due to this play on words, bunnies, like cats, are a slightly sexualized animal. Unlike cats and foxes, bunnies- to my knowledge- aren't sexy. Maybe it's because they're considered more round than lean? But anyways, they are a sexualized animal when their traits are anthropomorphized or otherwise put on a human form. This makes anthro bunnies and bunny-girls (human-like characters with a rabbit tail and ears) considered to be cute in the attractive way. There is also a fertility association here as rabbits are considered to have lots of babies. Thus the term "bunny" when applied to the animal is usually just cute, but applied to a female character, especially a humanoid one, it becomes more raunchy.
Agrius convolvuli

The Sweet Potato Hornworm or Convolvulus Hawkmoth is a moth found throughout Afroeurasia and Australia. It is one of the many collectable moth found in Flutter: Starlight. The Sweet Potato Hornworm seems to have a major design change. At least on the observations of iNaturalist it's just a normal, boring brown moth. However the game depicts it as purple. Noticeably on that same website, I saw one that looked purple due to the particular light shining upon it.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?taxon\_id=124031
2. ↑ https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/174173785
Hippocampus kuda

The spotted seahorse or yellow seahorse was first identified by a Bleeker in 1952. The details of such and its old names are mostly unknown to me. However, I know that it used to be known as *H. atterimus*. Studies of aquarium specimens show that larger (and older) parents produce offspring that are more likely to survive. This is supposed to suggest that wild specimens would also survive better, however aquarium life is much different from the conditions in the wild. If the seahorses are dying without predators, there's probably something wrong with the aquarium conditions or what they're feeding the young. Which, granted, the young of older and larger seahorses are more likely to survive. Seahorses are generally very sensitive to tank conditions, humans don't know how to get it right yet. They may be able to breed at 3 months old and males give birth after a 14 or 15 day gestation.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.google.com/books/edition/Poseidon\_s\_Steed/4Wifibfq2rMC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PT134&printsec=frontcover
2. ↑ https://projectseahorse.org/resource/effect-of-parental-age-and-associated-size-on-fecundity-growth-and-survival-in-the-yellow-seahorse-hippocampus-kuda/
3. ↑ https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/209/16/3055/16222/Effect-of-parental-age-and-associated-size-on
4. ↑ https://www.google.com/books/edition/Poseidon\_s\_Steed/4Wifibfq2rMC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PT124&printsec=frontcover
Macaques

Macaques are the real or fictional representations and monster-creations based off of monkeys that belong in the genus *Macaca*. Most Macaques are native to Asia and its islands and they get more attention from people over there. Some species of macaques are able to live amongst humans in cities, and due to this reason some people have to deal with them on a daily basis much like how people have to deal with pigeons or other songbirds. Macaques are known amongst humans for their thievery, as they steal things from humans and some individuals even manage trades with them- though not in any "civilized", market sense. It's actually one way to get your stolen sunglasses back, just give them food. Macaques are also known for their violent natures as they have a strong pecking order and thus occasionally get into fights with other individuals in their clan. Clans or troops can even get into territory wars. This violence has helped spurred the creation of the Chinese god Sun Wukong and other macaque characters within his mythology. This portrayal has in turn encouraged many book and television portrayals that affect other apes, especially chimpanzees and gorillas.

Macaques are also famous, apparently, for their mating, going by the sheer amount of Youtube videos of them. Coming from both truly wild, captive, and those who live near humans. When one looks up "monkeys mating" you get macaques instead of a diversity of other kinds of monkeys.

Macaques also have clear expressions, which leads to lots of videos of humans capturing the interactions between one another, with other animals, or with humans doing things to them. Some of these channels are normal people filming normal things, but some are rather scummy, with macaques being trained or otherwise unusual behaviors developed from an abusive environment. Macaques are sometimes kept as pets. Some of these pets are sold or given to for-profits that film macaques for Youtube cash.

Some species of macaques are also used in scientific experimentation and are one of the more common monkeys used. This is due to their closeness to humans in intelligence, behavior, and genetic build.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.britannica.com/animal/macaque
Aardvarks

Aadvarks are the creatures and the fictional creations based off on *Orycteropus afer.* They are famous for having two aas at the start of their name, along with "aardwolves", but Aardvarks are more famous for it. Plenty of children know the word aardvark, but they don't have enough media references for them to know what they look like half the time, or even what they eat, or where they live. They live in most of Africa, actually. Even though they're rarely featured in African documentaries and series with more famous African animals, like lions and zebras.
Hippocampus paradoxus

The "paradoxal seahorse" is the remains of a baby female specimen. For some reason this was made a type example and a new species. Personally, I believe it to be some sort of mutant. It was found in southwestern Australia. Her body closely resembles the bullneck seahorse. The type name is from 2010, Foster & Gomon.

## References

1. ↑ https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/Home/species/4773
Crows

Crows typically describe an all-black bird with a croaky call or fictional characterizations based off of them. In real life crows are considered members of the genus Corvus, however not all corvuses are crows. Crows are smaller, usually the size of most other "medium" passerine birds like American robins and pigeons. While most are all black, some are not, such as the Cape crow and hooded crow. Those that are deemed black are often iridescent, and thus in real life are seen in shades of black, dark blue, purple, and dark green. Some crows have brown eyes, while others have golden eyes. In media they are most often portrayed with black eyes, but I don't think golden eye depictions are unknown. It's interesting that they usually have black eyes, as their dark, Halloween or graveyard depictions would go well with their yellow eyes, along with other dark creatures like cats, foxes, and wolves. Crows are one of the animals children learn of early on in Western cultures and are famous.

They are often confused with ravens; and while they are viewed as distinct creatures they still share the same cultural roles and portrayals. Ravens may be viewed as slightly more graceful, majestic, or more "dark" than a crow, but not necessarily. Crows may be viewed as more aggressive or dark than ravens, but not necessarily. Groups of crows can be called a murder or a mob, whereas a group of ravens are an unkindness or conspiracy. Still dark and violent, but potentially less so.

Scarecrows are designed to keep crows away from crops. Crows are back-and-forth portrayed as being afraid of scarecrows to perching on them. Crows are often portrayed with their mob, being seen as social birds.

In most Western depictions crows will have started with influence from carrion crows and perhaps hooded crows and their hybrids. However as it grew into the west, American depictions would have added influence from Corvus brachyrhynchos and fish crows. A good portion of its association with vile actions can be derived from carrion crows, as they used to eat human corpses from battlefields and hangings. While other crows may eat carrion, it seems to be on a more cultural basis- crows in some areas will hunt or eat carrion, others won't.

Sometimes crows are portrayed as less signs of malevolency and more comically and intelligently. In Dumbo, they laugh raucously at Dumbo and his ability to fly, but they are clever enough to help him do it. Crow calls may be seen as resembling laughter. In real life crows are very intelligent, along with other Corvids.

## See also

* Crows & Ravens
* Ravens
* Blackbirds

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crow&oldid=1117414565
2. ↑ https://birdfact.com/articles/what-is-a-group-of-crows-called
3. ↑ https://www.birdwatchingusa.org/what-is-a-group-of-ravens-called
4. ↑ https://snooplion.com/what-is-a-group-of-ravens-called/#r
5. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hooded\_crow&oldid=1114045395
6. ↑ https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/CleverCrows
Mustela richardsonii stratori

This is likely Mustela streatori, as they are named by the same guy, some Merriam man. This would make it the Puget's Sound Weasel. It is now considered a subspecies of the American ermine.

## See also

* Mustela richardsonii
* Weasels
* Ermines

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List\_of\_mustelids&oldid=1110582846
2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American\_ermine&oldid=1114676022
3. ↑ https://www.jstor.org/stable/1373581?seq=10#metadata\_info\_tab\_contents
Hippocampus japapigu

The Japan Pig Seahorse, or Japan Pygmy Seahorse, Or Japan Pig Pygmy Seahorse, or even just Japan Pig, is a cute little pygmy seahorse with a very short booper- or sucker. One of its chosen color patterns is a pretty pattern that reminds me of how the sunlight streaks around the surface of the ocean. Or perhaps, a giraffe. It was segregated from other species of pygmy seahorses and given its new scientifically by the many Short, Smith, Motomura, Harasti & Hamilton in 2018. Look at this darling, it's so cute! It's not registered with the IUCN.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/871188-Hippocampus-japapigu
2. ↑ https://www.iucn-seahorse.org/seahorses-seadragons
3. ↑ https://projectseahorse.org/iseahorse/explore/species/
4. ↑ https://www.fishbase.ca/summary/Hippocampus-japapigu.html
5. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?query=japapigu&searchType=species
Neogale africana

The tropical weasel, also known as the Amazon weasel, has an erroneous scientific name. It was previously in Mustela, but in 2021 genetic information redetermined it to be in *Neogale.* However, despite this permanent name change, the scientific community didn't seem to think that maybe a South American weasel shouldn't have *africana* in its species name just because one museum mislabeled it as being from Africa. They should be ashamed of themselves. This is way the modern populace doesn't always trust scientists, people. That museum story must be very dear to the scientific community to keep it that way. What a cultural in-joke. If only the public understood how important it was for scientists to keep its name as a reminder of the flaws and silliness of museums and what other lessons and in-jokes come with it.

Speaking of scientists, another website trying to do their research found that most if not all online photos of this animal are incorrect, belonging to a different weasel. They had an illustration made of the weasel based off of a deceased specimen. This can be found in the reference.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amazon\_weasel&oldid=1077000223
2. ↑ https://www.genuinemustelids.org/family/weasels/new-world-weasels/
Buteoninae

This is a subfamily of Accipitridae. This group contains some, but not all kinds of: eagles, kites, buzzards, and hawks. It contains two living tribes.

## Buteonini

* *Busarellus nigricollis*
* *Butastur indicus*
* *Butastur liventer*
* *Butastur rufipennis*
* *Butastur teesa*
* *Buteo* *albigula*
* *Buteo albonotatus*
* *Buteo augur*
* *Buteo auguralis*
* *Buteo bannermani*
* *Buteo brachypterus*
* *Buteo brachyurus*
* *Buteo buteo*
* *Buteo burmanicus*
* *Buteo galapagoensis*
* *Buteo hemilasius*
* *Buteo jamaicensis*
* *Buteo japonicus*
* *Buteo lagopus*
* *Buteo lineatus*
* *Buteo nitidus*
* *Buteo oreophilus*
* *Buteo plagiatus*
* *Buteo platypterus*
* *Buteo ridgwayi*
* *Buteo rufinus*
* *Buteo rufofuscus*
* *Buteo solitarius*
* *Buteo swainsoni*
* *Buteo trizonatus*
* *Buteo ventralis*
* *Buteogallus aequinoctialis*
* *Buteogallus anthracinus*
* *Buteogallus coronatus*
* *Buteogallus gundlachii*
* *Buteogallus lacernulatus*
* *Buteogallus meridionalis*
* *Buteogallus schistaceus*
* *Buteogallus solitarius*
* *Buteogallus urubitinga*
* *Cryptoleucopteryx plumbea*
* *Geranoaetus albicaudatus*
* *Geranoaetus melanoleucus*
* *Geranoaetus polyosoma*
* *Helicolestes hamatus*
* *Ictinia mississippiensis*
* *Ictinia plumbea*
* *Kaupifalco monogrammicus*
* *Leucopternis kuhli*
* *Leucopternis melanops*
* *Leucopternis semiplumbeus*
* *Morphnarchus princeps*
* *Parabuteo leucorrhous*
* *Parabuteo unicinctus*
* *Pseudastur albicollis*
* *Pseudastur occidentalis*
* *Pseudastur polionotus*
* *Rostrhamus sociabilis*
* *Rupornis magnirostris*

## Milvini

* *Haliaeetus* *albicilla*
* *Haliaeetus* *humilis*
* *Haliaeetus* *ichthyaetus*
* *Haliaeetus* *leucocephalus*
* *Haliaeetus* *leucogaster*
* *Haliaeetus* *leucoryphus*
* *Haliaeetus* *pelagicus*
* *Haliaeetus* *sanfordi*
* *Haliaeetus* *vocifer*
* *Haliaeetus* *vociferoides*
* *Haliastur indus*
* *Haliastur sphenurus*
* *Milvus aegyptius*
* *Milvus migrans*
* *Milvus milvus*
Animal Crossing New Horizons

This is a game by Nintendo, a recent addition to the Animal Crossing series. Players are given an island to live on with anthropomorphic neighbors. They also indulge in collecting fish and bugs, a reference to Satoshi Tajiri's habit for bug hunting.

## References

1. ↑ Own playing~~~~
2. ↑ https://animalcrossing.fandom.com/wiki/Animal\_Crossing:\_New\_Horizons?oldid=608563
3. ↑ Own knowledge from old sources
4. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satoshi\_Tajiri&oldid=1110147318
Aithorape roseicornis

Called the Rosy Crown Satin in Flutter: Starlight and a few other sources but the Dognin's Satin on Wikipedia. Its former name is based on its orange-pink antennae and beautiful white wings. Its latter name is from the biologist who discovered it, Paul Dognin in 1899.

## In fiction

In Flutter: Starlight it is one of the many moths the player can keep. It is the second in the Flutterpedia book. It belongs to the game category of Polilla, which is Spanish for moth. This is due to its range being exclusive and native to the northern Andes.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/511857-Aithorape-roseicornis
2. ↑ https://www.jungledragon.com/specie/27958/rosy\_crown\_satin.html
3. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aithorape\_roseicornis&oldid=1104539271
Equus ferus

The equus ferus is the horse. The surviving subspecies are all dometicated and feralized variants within exception to the Prezwalski's horse, which is treated in the commoner world more like a separate species of horse (though most domesticated animals are to their wild variants, I feel it more. I was surprised to re-learn that it was a subspecies and not a species). The extinct species domesticated horses derived from is called *Equus ferus ferus*, and the others are *Equus ferus caballus* and might be given different subspecies names depending on their rewilded location as well as extinct variations from different places.

It seems that the extinct wild horses of ancient Europe are sometimes called "tarpans". For some, this is a term loaded with scientific and linguistic issues. There are relatives to these horses that are also called tarpans. This would be *Equus caballus*.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wild\_horse&oldid=1179034972
2. ↑ https://www.theextinctions.com/articles-1/5wa1nzaq7zveeuawomiqu2n3c6cfdj
Addax nasomaculatus

The addax is an antelope from northern Africa and the Middle East. Currently, it only lives in small pockets of Africa, with some populations having been reintroduced. It is listed as critically endangered by the IUCN Red List.

## Scientific Name

It's first scientific name appears to have been *Cerophorus nasomasculata*, from "de Blainville" in 1816. I'm not really sure of any of these, these are just wild mass guessing. "Cero" possibly from Latin, meaning to smear or coat with wax and "phorus" being an Ancient Greek suffic meaning something like "to bring, to bare, to show". A man named Otto in Venice in 1825 got a specimen from Alexandria and named it *Antilope suturosa*. Antilope being obvious, sutur coming from Latin's sutura, or "sewing", perhaps combined with rosa, which is also obvious. This was changed to *Antilope addax* by Cretzschmar a year later. Another year later Antilope mytilopes was formed by Hamilton-Smith, and also Oryx addax.

## Bible

In Deuteronomy 14:5 several cloven hoofed, cud eating creatures are listed as kosher. One of those, written as "דישון" (or variants thereof), transliterated in various forms to approximate "dishon", which is retranslated in Greek as "white rumped" (or actually, "rump white"). It took a little, but I don't think dishon translates directly as white rumped. Rather the Greeks already knew of an animal, a sort of antelope, and called it puga-argos. It is also found in other Greek stories.

The Hebrew Wikipedia seems to confirm this as they also use "דישון" as addax.  However, it's also a word for a kind of fertilizer. Their wiktionary (but not ours) also lists it as well. But man I tell you what, Bing cannot translate Hebrew like it can other languages. I cannot use that as a reliable translator. But even on the translated page itself, they are not sure if the original word referred to the addax or not, even while using it for addax.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/512/50180603
2. ↑ https://academic.oup.com/mspecies/article/doi/10.1644/807.1/2600200?login=false
3. ↑ https://www.gbif.org/species/2441101
4. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=cero&oldid=70526561
5. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=-phorus&oldid=69497033
6. ↑ https://biblehub.com/ale/deuteronomy/14.htm
7. ↑ https://biblehub.com/hebrew/1788.htm
8. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pygarg&oldid=1091839595
9. ↑ http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=pugargos&la=greek
10. ↑ http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/wordfreq?lang=greek&lookup=pu%2Fgargos
11. ↑ https://he.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F\_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99&oldid=35005365
12. ↑ https://he.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F&oldid=430366
Hippocampus comes

The tiger-tail seahorse was first described by Danish biologist Theodore Edvard Cantor in 1850. According to the IUCN they are found in It is found in the Malay archipelago as well as Malaysia and Cambodia. As many as 20 million are caught for Chinese Traditional Medicine each year , though it is regulated. They are considered threatened.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/102816-Hippocampus-comes
2. ↑ https://fishbase.se/summary/Hippocampus-comes.html
3. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41008/128958172
Butterflies in China

There are so many butteflies in China that the English Wikipedia separates them into several different wiki articles by family. Wow. They even list a hardiness zone map just to help people who know what the butterflies eat. The Chinese wikipedia states that there are over 2,100 in mainland China. Something really funny there is that they list Ireland as having the belief that people turn into butterflies when they die...but here in English, I see a lot of articles accusing Japan of believing that! Seems like karmic justice. Or maybe it's another word...

## References

1. ↑ https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%9D%B4%E8%9D%B6&oldid=78975336
Guineafowls

Guineafowls is a suffix that refers to multiple species within the family. Numididae However it also refers to the domesticated/tamed variants of ''Numida meleagris''.  Domestic guineafowl has been used as a meat by Europeans for thousands of years. At times they have had to import the meat from Africa through Turkey, which then led to them being called turkeys, which then led to the American domestic turkey to be named turkey due to its similarity to them lending it the same or nearly the same name.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guineafowl&oldid=1116261904
2. ↑ https://www.heritageacresmarket.com/guinea-fowl/
3. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Domestic\_guineafowl&oldid=1042208170
Garrulus lidthi

Lidth's Jay or the Amami Jay is a bird native to Japan. Like the Amami rabbit its range is restricted to Amami island and Tokunoshima. It is the prefectural bird of Kagoshima, chosen in 1965. Their feathers used to be used in ladies hats. They are fully protected under Japanese law, but the IUCN only considered them as Vulnerable. Its scientific name commemorates Theodoor Gerard van Lidth de Jeude, a Dutch zoologist.

## References

1. ↑ https://kids.kiddle.co/Kagoshima\_Prefecture
2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lidth%27s\_jay&oldid=1120057421