1873

Events from the year **1873 in the United States**.

* Vice President: Schuyler Colfax (R-IN) (until March 4), Henry Wilson (R-MA) (starting March 4)
* Chief Justice: Salmon P. Chase (OH) (until May 7)
* Speaker of the House of Representatives: James G. Blaine (R-ME)
* Congress: 42nd (until March 4), 43rd (starting March 4)

Governors
* Governor of Alabama: David P. Lewis (Republican)
* Governor of Arkansas: Ozra Amander Hadley (Republican) (until January 6), Elisha Baxter (Republican) (starting January 6)
* Governor of California: Newton Booth (Republican)
* Governor of Connecticut: Marshall Jewell (Republican) (until May 7), Charles R. Ingersoll (Democratic) (starting May 7)
* Governor of Delaware: James Ponder (Democratic)
* Governor of Florida: Harrison Reed (Republican) (until January 7), Ossian B. Hart (Republican) (starting January 7)
* Governor of Georgia: James M. Smith (Democratic)
* Governor of Illinois:
	+ until January 13: John M. Palmer (Republican)
	+ January 13-January 23: Richard J. Oglesby (Republican)
	+ starting January 23: John Lourie Beveridge (Republican)
* Governor of Indiana: Conrad Baker (Republican) (until January 13), Thomas A. Hendricks (Democratic) (starting January 13)
* Governor of Iowa: Cyrus C. Carpenter (Republican)
* Governor of Kansas: James M. Harvey (Republican) (until January 13), Thomas A. Osborn (Republican) (starting January 13)
* Governor of Kentucky: Preston H. Leslie (Democratic)
* Governor of Louisiana:
	+ until January 13: P. B. S. Pinchback (Republican)
	+ January 13-May 22: John McEnery (Democratic)
	+ starting May 22: William Pitt Kellogg (Republican)
* Governor of Maine: Sidney Perham (Republican)
* Governor of Maryland: William Pinkney Whyte (Democratic)
* Governor of Massachusetts: William B. Washburn (Republican)
* Governor of Michigan: Henry P. Baldwin (Republican) (until January 1), John J. Bagley (Republican) (starting January 1)
* Governor of Minnesota: Horace Austin (Republican)
* Governor of Mississippi: Ridgley C. Powers (Republican)
* Governor of Missouri: B. Gratz Brown (Liberal Republican) (until January 3), Silas Woodson (Democratic) (starting January 3)
* Governor of Nebraska: William H. James (Republican) (until January 13), Robert Wilkinson Furnas (Republican) (starting January 13)
* Governor of Nevada: Lewis R. Bradley (Democratic)
* Governor of New Hampshire: Ezekiel A. Straw (Republican)
* Governor of New Jersey: Joel Parker (Democratic)
* Governor of New York: John Adams Dix (Republican)
* Governor of North Carolina: Tod Robinson Caldwell (Republican)
* Governor of Ohio: Edward F. Noyes (Republican)
* Governor of Oregon: La Fayette Grover (Democratic)
* Governor of Pennsylvania: John W. Geary (Republican) (until January 21), John F. Hartranft (Republican) (starting January 21)
* Governor of Rhode Island: Seth Padelford (Republican) (until May 27), Henry Howard (Republican) (starting May 27)
* Governor of South Carolina: Franklin I. Mose Jr. (Republican)
* Governor of Tennessee: John C. Brown (Democratic)
* Governor of Texas: Edmund J. Davis (Republican)
* Governor of Vermont: Julius Converse (Republican)
* Governor of Virginia: Gilbert Carlton Walker (Democratic)
* Governor of West Virginia: John J. Jacob (Democratic)
* Governor of Wisconsin: Cadwallader C. Washburn (Republican)

Lieutenant Governors
* Lieutenant Governor of Alabama: Alexander McKinstry (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas: vacant (until January 6), Volney V. Smith (Republican) (starting January 6)
* Lieutenant Governor of California: Romualdo Pacheco (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut: Morris Tyler (Republican) (until May 7), George G. Sill (Republican) (starting May 7)
* Lieutenant Governor of Florida: Samuel T. Day (Republican) (until month and day unknown), Marcellus Stearns (Republican) (starting month and day unknown)
* Lieutenant Governor of Illinois:
	+ until January 13: John Dougherty (Republican)
	+ January 13-January 23: John Lourie Beveridge (Republican)
	+ starting January 23: John Early (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Indiana: William Cumback (Republican) (until January 13), Leonidas Sexton (Republican) (starting January 13)
* Lieutenant Governor of Iowa: Henry C. Bulis (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Kansas: Peter Percival Elder (Republican) (until January 13), Elias Sleeper Stover (Republican) (starting January 13)
* Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky: John G. Carlisle (Democratic)
* Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana:
	+ until January 13: P. B. S. Pinchback (Republican)
	+ January 13-May 22: Davidson B. Penn (Democratic)
	+ starting May 22: Caesar Antoine (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts: Joseph Tucker (Republican) (until month and day unknown), Thomas Talbot (political party unknown) (starting month and day unknown)
* Lieutenant Governor of Michigan: Morgan Bates (Republican) (until month and day unknown), Henry H. Holt (Republican) (starting month and day unknown)
* Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota: William H. Yale (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi: Alexander K. Davis (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Missouri: vacant (until January 3), Charles Phillip Johnson (Liberal Republican) (starting January 3)
* Lieutenant Governor of Nevada: Frank Denver
* Lieutenant Governor of New York: John C. Robinson (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina: vacant (until month and day unknown), Curtis Hooks Brogden (Republican) (starting month and day unknown)
* Lieutenant Governor of Ohio: Jacob Mueller (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island: Charles Cutler (political party unknown) (until May 27), Charles C. Van Zandt (political party unknown) (starting May 27)
* Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina: Richard Howell Gleaves (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Tennessee: John C. Vaughn (Democratic) (until month and day unknown), A. T. Lacey (Democratic) (starting month and day unknown)
* Lieutenant Governor of Texas: vacant
* Lieutenant Governor of Vermont: Russell S. Taft (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Virginia: John Lawrence Marye Jr. (Conservative)
* Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin: Milton H. Pettit (Republican) (until March 23), vacant (starting March 23)

## Events

### January - March

* January 1 – The California Penal Code goes into effect.
* January 17 – Indian Wars: The first Battle of the Stronghold is fought during the Modoc War.
* February 20 – The University of California opens its first medical school in San Francisco.
* March 1 – E. Remington and Sons of Ilion, New York, start production of the first practical typewriter.
* March 2 – Downers Grove, Illinois is incorporated.
* March 3 – Censorship: The U.S. Congress enacts the Comstock Law, making it illegal to send any "obscene, lewd, or lascivious" books through the mail.
* March 4 – President Ulysses S. Grant begins his second term. Henry Wilson sworn in as Vice President of the United States.
* March 15 – The Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity is founded at the Massachusetts Agricultural College.
* March 22 – Emancipation Day for Puerto Rico: Slaves are freed (with a few exceptions).

### April - June

* April 1
	+ The Coinage Act of 1873 comes into force, ending bimetallism in the U.S. and placing the nation firmly on the gold standard.
	+ Hinsdale, Illinois is incorporated.
* April 13 – Between 62 and 153 Republican freedmen and state militia die in the Colfax massacre while attempting to protect the Grant Parish courthouse, including about 50 who surrendered.
* April 15 – Indian Wars: The Second Battle of the Stronghold is fought.
* May 1 – First U.S. postal card is issued.
* May 2 – Henry Rose exhibits barbed wire at an Illinois county fair, which is taken up by Joseph Glidden and Jacob Haish, who invent a machine to mass-produce it.
* May 20 – Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis receive United States patent#139121 for using copper rivets to strengthen the pockets of denim work pants. Levi Strauss & Co. begin manufacturing the famous Levi's brand of jeans, using fabric from the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company in Manchester, New Hampshire.
* May 23
	+ The Preakness Stakes horse race first runs in Baltimore, Maryland.
	+ Postal cards are sold in San Francisco for the first time.
* June 2 – Construction begins on the Clay Street Hill Railroad in San Francisco.
* June 4 – Indian Wars: The Modoc War ends with the capture of Kintpuash ("Captain Jack").

### July - September

* July 21 – At Adair, Iowa, Jesse James and the James-Younger Gang pull off the first successful train robbery in the American West (US$3,000 from the Rock Island Express).
* August 4 – Indian Wars: While protecting a railroad survey party in Montana, the Seventh Cavalry, under Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer, clashes for the first time with the Sioux, near the Tongue River (only 1 man on each side is killed).
* September 6 – Regular cable car service begins on Clay Street, San Francisco.
* September 17 – The Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College, later Ohio State University, opens its doors with 25 students, including 2 women.
* September 18 – The New York stock market crash triggers the Panic of 1873, part of the Long Depression.

### October - December

* October 30 – P.T. Barnum's circus, The Greatest Show on Earth, debuts in New York City.
* November 14 – Coors Brewing Company begins making beer in Golden, Colorado.
* December 15 – Women of Fredonia, New York march against the retail liquor dealers in town, inaugurating the Women's Crusade of 1873–74. This leads to the creation of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union.
* December 23 – Women's Crusade spreads to Hillsboro, Ohio.
* December 25 – Delta Gamma sorority founded in Oxford, Mississippi.

## Memoriam

* February 1 – Matthew Fontaine Maury, oceanographer (aged 67; Lexington, VA, USA)
* March 4 – Alfred Iverson Sr., U.S. Senator from Georgia from 1855 to 1861 (aged 74; Macon, GA, USA)
* March 10 – John Torrey, botanist (aged 76; New York City, NY, USA)
* March 27 – James Dixon, U.S. Senator from Connecticut from 1857 to 1869 (aged 58; Hartford, CT, USA)
* March 31 – Hugh Maxwell, lawyer and politician (aged 86; New York City, NY, USA)
* April 11 – Edward Canby, general (aged 55; Tule Lake, CA, USA)
* May 7 – Salmon P. Chase, 6th Chief Justice of the United States, 25th United States Secretary of the Treasury (aged 65; New York City, NY, USA)
* May 9 – Frederick Goddard Tuckerman, poet (aged 52; Greenfield, MA, USA)
* June 11 – Richard Saltonstall Rogers, shipping merchant and politician (aged 83; Salem, MA, USA)
* October 5 – William Todd, businessman and Canadian senate nominee (aged 70; St. Stephen, NB, Canada)
* November 9 – Stephen Mallory, U.S. Senator from Florida from 1851 to 1861 (aged 61; Pensacola, FL, USA)
* November 19 – John P. Hale, politician and lawyer (aged 67; Dover, NH, USA)
* November 27 – Richard Yates, U.S. Senator from Illinois from 1865 to 1871 (aged 58; St. Louis, MO, USA)
* December 14 – Louis Agassiz, geologist and zoologist (aged 66; Cambridge, MA, USA)
* December 24 – Johns Hopkins, entrepreneur and benefactor (aged 78; Baltimore, MD, USA)