Frederick (King of England and Italy)

**Frederick** **I '**(1040 - 1082) - king of the England from 1060 to 1066, and king of the Italy from 1060 to 1069 and 1073 to 1082 of the Carolingian dynasty.

== Biography ==.
Frederick was born in 1040, at the castle of Commachio, as the third son, and second to live to adulthood, of the Italian prince, Gilbert. His grandfather was the king of England, deposed in 1028. Etienne, while his grandmother was the Queen of Italy, Adalmode the Great.

In 1049 his father died and his brother Bouchard took the Italian throne. Suffice it to say that the two did not get along well. The fact that Frederick did not receive an ounce of his father's property added to the bitterness. He began plotting against his brother, arguing that he should be the rightful ruler. His efforts increased when Bouchard went to England to claim the throne from their common uncle, Iw I. Taking advantage of his brother's absence, Frederick managed to gather a group of aristocrats loyal to him.

In 1057, a group of feudals from southern Italy - experienced in fighting the Arabs, who ruled the tip of the peninsula - disobeyed Bouchard. They were led by Frederick, who wanted the throne. They were joined by small detachments in England, where no major clashes took place. A civil war broke out that lasted many years and brought much death, blood, and tears to Italy. In England, on the other hand, the time passed with only minimal fighting.

The defining moment of the fighting came in 1060, when the armies of the southern feudals finally managed to break through to the north, besieging Milan. Bouchard miraculously managed to escape the city with his life, however, leaving the regalia of his royal power there to the mercy of the conquerors. In England, however, Frederick's small force occupied London, where the steamers of that kingdom soon swore allegiance to Frederick (who, incidentally, never once set foot in the British Isles). Bouchard has since retreated and proceeded to defend himself. The fighting with his loyal vassals dragged on, and in the meantime Iwo I took over England. At the same time there were clashes with the Arabs.

Peace between the brothers was not concluded until 1068, when Bouchard finally declared himself defeated. Finally, Frederick could sit on the throne with confidence. As it turned out, not for long. Many of the nobles who supported both Bouchard and Frederick were exhausted by the long, bloody civil war. Deciding to end it once and for all, they chose a new challenger from among themselves - Arnoul of the Kingdom of Navarre dynasty Jimenez. This time the fighting was very short, as Frederick was unhappily taken prisoner during the battle and was forced to acknowledge the superiority of his enemy.

However, the ambitious prince did not let himself forget the lost throne. He soon began to stir up trouble, stirring up the people against the Jimenezes and especially Arnoul's successor, Queen Denise. Thanks to this, Frederick's break in rule over Italy was not long, and after another, also now brief civil war, he captured Milan in 1073 and crowned himself ruler again. His reign lasted until his death. During these 9 years he brought peace to Italy, and set about rebuilding the country from ruin. He died in 1082, and the throne was succeeded by his son, Frederick II.

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