Bujanski language

The **Bujanski language** (Bujanski: **Janzyk Bujanskij**, **Jonzyk Bujanskij; Јанзѵк Бујанскіј, Јонзѵк Бујанскіј**) is one of two main official languages of the island kingdom of Bujan, alongside Eosome.

It was known as **Prejaznian** (Bujanski: Prejaznjaskij) in older times, and **Zvestarid** elsewhere in the world.

## Terminology

* Bujanskij Ræcǐ, Bujanskaja Rǣčja - formal

## History

See also: History of the Bujanski language

The Bujanski language is an offshoot of a dialect of Pogimmellian, moulded and shaped by debating academics to a supposedly "beautiful" form. In fact, it was based on mixing Pogimmellian with Drevobojanse and the language of Koschei the Red, so it was an artificial language.

The language was popularised by its adoption by its allies across the world, and within Bujan itself as the locals resisted and defied the Zavtranian Usurpation.

## Dialects

See also: Formal Bujanski glossary, Bujanski dialects, Zvestarid language

## Noun declension

nominative, genitive, accusative (animate), accusative (inanimate), dative, prepositional/instrumental

(Vlad, Vlad's, to Vlad, to a rock, towards Vlad, at/using Vlad)

* male singular: -o/-/-j/-i, -(j)ov, -(j)ot, -ot, -(j)u, -e
* female singular: -a/-ja/-e/-æ/-ǐ, -(j)av, -(j)at, -(j)et, -(j)u, -e
	+ -e singular (considered feminine): -e, -ev, -et, -ēt, -u, -es
* neuter singular: -u/-o, -(j)o/-(j)uv, -jet, -ut, -(j)u, -e
* dual: -vo, -vjev, -vjot, -vjot, -vjo, -vje
* male plural: -y, -šō, -šot, -šjot, -šom, -še
* female plural: -y, -šā, -šat, -šet, -šom, -še
	+ -e plural: -je, -šev, -šet, -šēt, -šom, -šje
	+ -ǐ, -i plural: -i, -jā, -jat, -jet, -jom, -je
* neuter plural: -(j)a, -šā, -šet, -šjut, -šom, -še

Examples:

* dvō jegry ("two games"), dvō vort'šō ("of the two gates")
* okolišče ("greater neighbourhood, ward"), pl. okolišči ("wards")

### K-ending

Some words end in -ak, -ek, -ik, and -ok, suffixes from older Slavic languages. The correct plural for these endings is -ki, not -ky; but they will be declined by the root word's gender.

If a word happens to end in -k at its root word, the default -y plural applies as usual.

## Special declension

The biggest difference between Bujanski and Russian is a special system of declension that is used for many words, especially those ending in diphthongs. The r-plural was especially influenced by Drevobojanse (an earlier Slavic language) and the Wonao languages.

### Sanskrit words

Sanskrit words and names keep their "-a" final vowels, but they will also be declined by their respective gender. So for example, "makhārādžā" (emperor) must be declined as "makhārādžov" (the emperor's), "makhārādžot" (to the emperor), "makhārādžu" (towards the emperor), and "makhārādže" (at the emperor).

* -a Sanskrit singular: -a, -(j)ov, -(j)ot, -o, -(j)u, -e
* -a Sanskrit plural: -y, -šō, -šot, -šyt, -šom, -še

Example:

"makhārādžā" (emperor), "makhārādžov" (the emperor's), "makhārādžot" (to the emperor), "makhārādžu" (towards the emperor), and "makhārādže" (at the emperor).

### Aeu-diphthongs

* -æu singular (considered masculine): -æu, -æujo, -æujot, -æujōs, -æuju, -æuje
* -æu plural: -æuvæ, -æušo, -æušot, -æušōt, -æušom, -æuše
* -æi singular: -æi, -æijo, -æivet, -æivēt, -æivo, -æive
* -æi plual: -æive, -æišo, -æišat, -æišēt, -æišom, -æiše

Examples:

mæuvæ - cats; mæušom - done to the cats

### Other diphthongs

If a word ends in an u- or o-diphthong (like ap, au), it is masculine. If a word ends in an e-, i-, or y- diphthong (like ae, ai, or oy), it is considered feminine.

If the declined endings start with a vowel (like ov), an "r" is put between the root and the ending. If a word ends in an -i diphthong (ai), the final i becomes into a j to bridge the vowels.

The "r" is not used, if the word ends with the same vowel as the ending (so the vowels merge), or in j-vowels (so the root's final vowel merges with the ending), except in ceremonial or artistic speech.

Examples:

* arau - araurov (of the arau)
* tolmai (albatross) - tolmajat (to the albatross)
* morje (sea) - morjev (of the sea), morjēt (to the sea), morju (done towards the sea), morjes (at/in/on the sea)

### R-plurals

To form the plural, words ending in any diphthong or j-vowel will have an echo vowel and an r, between the root word and final vowel.

This rule does not apply for words ending in æi or æu, or if the plural ending starts in a consonant.

Examples:

* ubejoi (spinel) - ubejoroi (spinels)
* tolmai (albatross, "bujen") - tolmarai (albatrosses)
* desplatjo (school uniform) - desplatjoro (uniforms)
* morje (sea) - morerje (seas)
	+ morješev (of the seas), morješēt (to the seas)

In the suffix -sja (for feminine things), the plural is -ssja or -ssjæ. -ssjæ is more common. They are declined

* For example: uklārisja (fangirl), uklārissjæ (fangirls)

### Special notes

"Bujan", the name of the island nation where the language is used, ends with a consonant but is always declined in feminine form. So "for Bujan" is "za Bujanjat", and "King of Bujan" is "Varon Bujanjav" (or Varon Bujannau in classical speech).

Vozonid words ending in -z will have declension endings after the -z. For example "najaz" (beauty) would be "najazav" or "najazau" (of beauty). Sometimes the -z is dropped and the final vowel is altered as usual.

## Adjective declension

In formal speech, adjectives are also affected by declension. If the adjective ends with -(n)ij, a v is added. Casual Bujanski does not use declension on adjectives.

Examples: krasnive sænoje ("[in the] beautiful hall")

* -(n)ij - adjective, masculine
* -(n)aja - feminine
* -(n)oje - neuter
	+ May be replaced by masculine declension in some neuter words, like "dobro" (something good) or "dolbo" (a fool).
* -(nt)ōje - plu. masc
* -(nt)ǣja - plu. fem
* -(nt)ōja - plu. neut

## Verb declension

Past and future:

Present: infinitive-perfective; imperfective (do/have done, doing)

* Past: -(d)al, pa-X-(d)al, na-X-(d)ol
* Present: -itǐ, X-atǐ\*/ pa-X-itǐ\*, na-X-itǐ\*
* Imperative present: -aj/-ai (always infinitive)
* Future: bero X-itǐ, ber@ X-atǐ\*, bero na-X-itǐ\*

Many verbs can have irregular imperfective and perfective forms.

Example: Vikkhodaj! - "I order you to leave me alone!/I order you to get lost!"

### Declension of "bero"

The word "bero" is changed when it is imperfective to reflect the subject.

* I: ber-o
* thou: ber-eš
* he/she/it: ber-jes
* two of us: be-vjes
* we: ber-jom
* you all: ber-eše
* they: ber-jos

Example: Nas ber-jom panæčolitǐ eta slučajot. ("We will be starting this event.")

"Bero" (will, future tense) can be shortened to "be-" in expressions, like "Posil jo be-vyrastǐ" (when I [will] grow up).

### Other verbal aspects

The passive voice is done by adding -sja after the verb, and then rearranging the sentence as object+verb+subject (prepositional).

Example: Eta volje voljād-sja njot. (This book-FEM-INSTR read-PASS me-MASC - "This book was read by me.")

## Pronouns

In 780 BT, twenty years after the Standardisation, some people proposed new pronouns for royalty to represent independence from Darros and Vozolaz. They were occasionally used in 1200-1300 AT, and more recently since independence in 1892 AT.

The most notable example of later royal pronouns were the speeches of King Dostagir during his opposition to the Black July massacres. He chose the pronouns to represent his devotion to his people's well-being.

### The pronouns

Common: nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, prepositional (I, me, my, to me, using/at me)

Classical and Royal: nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, locative, instrumental (thou, thee, thy, to thee, at thee, using/with thee)

Later Royal: nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, prepositional (I, me, my, to me, using/at me)

* I: jo, njot/njat, nov/nav, nenjo/nenja, neje
	+ Classical: az, mene (men), mene, mǐnæ (mi), mǐnæ, mǔnojon
	+ Royal: my, nas (ny), nas, nam, nas, nami
	+ Later Royal: jonvre/azavre(jo) ("I am high"), vreno(s), vreno, vrenon, vrene
	+ LR, feminine: jovrena/azavra(jo) ("I am high"), vrena(s), vrenta, vrena, vrese
	+ "Jo" is also "jon" before b, f, and p.
		- E.g, "Jon Bujanskij" - "I am a Bujanski".
		- E.g. "Azavrajo vareno" ("I am the King [of Bujan]", used by the monarch of Bujan)
		- E.g. "Jon vareno/Jo vrono" ("I am a king", for a character)

* thou: go/ga, gjot/gjat, kov/kav, kebjo/kebja, kebje
	+ Classical: ty, tebe (ten), tebe, tebæ (ti), tebæ, tobojon
	+ LR: vonōre, vasōre(s), vasōre, vaimōre, vonōse

* he: on, tjād, tāv, tōm, tōgo, onje
	+ Classical: on, jego, jego, jemu, jemǐ, imǐ
	+ LR: vrejon, vreno(s), vreno, vrenon, vrene

* she: en, tjēn, tēv, tēm, tēmje, anje
	+ Classical: ona, jejon (jon), jejon, jei, jei, jejon
	+ LR: vreja, vrena(s), vrena, vreran, vrese

* it: ono, tyn, tyv, tym, tymje
* dual we: dvo, vjo, dvoj, dvom, dvoje
	+ Classical: væ, na (ny), naju, nama (na), naju, nama
	+ Considered the more proper way to address another person.

* we: nās, mješ, naš, vnas, vnaje
	+ Classical: my, nas (ny), nas, nam, nas, nami
	+ LR: moivre, nasōvre(s), nasōvre, namōvre, nasōvase

* you: šo/ša, šoz/šaz, šoš/šaš, všos/všas, všoje/všaje
	+ Classical: vy, vas (vy), vas, vam, vas, vami
	+ LR: voivre, vasōvre(s), vasōvre, vaimōvre, vasōvase

* they: šoz/šaz, akh, aš, vakh, vakhje
	+ Classical: oni, jen, ikh, im, ikh, imi
	+ LR: oinavre, isovre(s), ijovre, aijovre, nijovase

Classical pronouns are usually used in formal speech, or when praying to gods or wights.

Dual we pronouns are considered romantic, and only used between lovers.

Reflective: -sja

One's own: ... svoi (cannot be affected by grammar)

## Affixes and prepositions

### Being

* eta - this, is/am/are
* ... jestǐ - it is
* so - with (a person), because of
* -(n)ij - (adjective)
* -eje - -er (replaces -(n)ij)

### Location

* iz - from
* vi - in, inside; towards (a place to meet someone)
* jontri, jon - inside
* jon(ta), jontra, jonna - inner
* jonnæja - inwards
* jontrænij - internal, inner (respectful)
* vonæ, vanæ - out
* vonævij - outer
* vonnæja - outwards
* vonvaja - outer reaches, frontiers
* vonve - beyond
* opaisa - boundaries, beyond
* opaisnij - further beyond
* (u)v- - away from
* ko - towards
* pa-, ba- - along, over
* verkho - high, far above
* vēr(kho)-, ver(kho)-, vre- - high, higher
* inos- - between
* na - on, (in some classical words) towards, using or with a vehicle
* pad(o) - under
* padnij - below, under something
* nad - over (and through or above)
	+ E.g. Pobæda nad nondžastve, pobæda nad tjomne. - "Victory over cruelty, victory over darkness." (traditional Kolieda greeting)
* abo- - about, against
* okollo - by, about
* samætja - "same-going" (\*sama + \*idi), (classical, ceremonial) together, in accord, at once
* vmæste - (archaic) together
* vjādjenǐ - "in one", (poetic) together
* nasod - behind
* črǣzo - across
* pjaron - front
* krestǐ - around (a smaller area); within or throughout (a bigger area).
	+ formerly okrestǐ.
	+ When used for places bigger than a town, like a district, krestǐ instead means "within", not "around". The correct word for "around" when referring to big places is "radij", although "radij" can also be used for small places.
* radij, radije - around (a bigger area)
	+ "Radij" should be used for very large areas, not "krestǐ". For example:
		- "krestǐ pole" means "around the field"
		- "radij pole" (around the field) is also acceptable, but some people might assume that the subject is wandering in circles and wasting their time.
		- "radij Bujane" means "around the Kingdom of Bujan".
		- "krestǐ Bujane" means "*within* the Kingdom of Bujan" (as in wandering around in circles).
* s(a)dǣ, s(a)dǣsǐ - here
* sjæ(n) - here (informal)
* to - there (near, general)
* tonda - there (far, formal for nearer)
* tonkoda - there (formal for farther; but generally considered as "furthest")
* severej, sverej - north
* južej, justǐ - south
* vostokej, vjoskej - east
* zapadej, zamdej - west
* sræda - middle, centre

### Vi-na-ko

It is important to differentiate "vi", "na", and "ko", three words for "towards" that are for different situations.

* vi - most places, especially going inside or into, or to meet someone
* na - usually for events, islands, small places, or directions of the compass.
* ko - general word for anywhere, usually not inside. When you go to somewhere, but not inside that place, you use "ko", not "vi".

Together, "vinako" can be made into a new word in Bujanski that means "a wanderer"; and "viknōtǐ" or "vjaknōtǐ" can mean "to wander around aimlessly" or "to loiter".

### Amount

* malo - few
* mino - many
* košto - every
* ventja - more
* očenǐ - very much, so much, more, a lot
* -ej, po- -ej - more, (comparative)
	+ černij (black), černej (blacker), černečej (blackest)
	+ černaja, černeja, černečeja (feminine)
	+ černoje, černojo, černečojo (neuter)
* -ečej - most, (superlative)
* velskij - great
* vjelǐkij - greatest
* velǐkij - great, greater
* velja - great, mighty
* -šta - big, mega-
* tolǐko - only, just (archaic)
* tjolko - only, just
* tolloi - some
* vsje - all
* po-, pjōlu - whole
* mal - small, little
* mane, mai, mīka - small
* -(os)sa - little, mini-
	+ formerly -ka, replaced to avoid associations with the Terran enemy.
* bōlæi - greater, bigger, denser, heavier
* menje - lesser, smaller, lighter

### Time

* vezorja - yesterday
* teperǐ - now
* sæj - now (classical, archaic, informal)
* sædnoi - today
* zautra - tomorrow
* vsjedenǐ - all day long
* ventja - later
* nisad - before
* tō - before (archaic), previous
	+ no longer used in modern speech because it sounded like "do" or "da" ("yes")
* toi - previous
* posle(i) - after (common)
* posil - after (classical, formal)
* ston - next
* vækno - always
* veiska - forever
* vsjevræmja - forever, for all time
* vsjevræmnij - for ever, eternal

### Question words

* čto - what (formal)
* ščo - what (casual)
* gdje - where
* kogda - when
* kto - who
* začem - why
* skolǐko - how much
* ... mōtj@ njes? - is it so?; don't you think?

### Other words

* i - and
* es - and (in formal speech)
	+ Also used after a word that ends with "i".
* ili - or
* no - but, however
	+ "No" is for two or more things that are much different.
* a, au - but, and
	+ "A" simply means "but", or "and", but for things that are not strongly different. For such things, "no" is used.
	+ "A" can also begin a sentence. However, "no" is considered more proper in Bujanski, while "a" is considered casual and improper.
* kau - like
	+ Some speakers pronounce it as "kau" or "kago", because "kak" sounds like a rude word in their language.
* jesilǐ - if
* i pročaj, i pr. - and so on, etc.
* eta, etaj - this
* eteš - that
* nužno, nuson - must
* protiv - against, anti-, counter-
* tōdže - also
* vjoz, ... - instead, still, however
* osvoi - about someone, related to...
	+ e.g. osvoi nov - about me
* osvoroi - about more than one person or thing, related to...

### States of being

* -iba - -ness
* -stvo - -ness (more formal or broad)
* -(n)ostǐ - -ness (state of a being or condition that is more abstract)
* -ije - -ness (archaic or classical)
* -nik, -nitsa - someone who does a job, a person of ...
	+ Nowadays sometimes seen as vulgar or derogatory.
	+ -nitsa - feminine
	+ After another word with -nik, both two -nik suffixes are merged into -dnik.
	+ After another -nik, one more -dnik is added, with every "k" that is not a final "k" silenced.
	+ "adnjedronik" (motorcycle) > "adnjedrodnik" (motorcycle rider) > "adnjedrodnikdnik" (rider of a motorcycle rider), etc.
* -telǐ - a doer, a practitioner of something, a worker
* -dæi, -dai - a doer or user, committer of an act
* -arǐ - a doer or supporter (derogatory)
* -ok - a doer or supporter (derogatory, suggesting "little")
* -bæs - an evildoer
* -jæd - eater of
* -no - (masculine, respectful or friendly)
* -na - (feminine, respectful or friendly)
* -ro - (masculine, disrespectful)
* -ra - (feminine, disrespectful)
* -ro, -jo - (masculine)
* -ka - (feminine)
	+ sometimes replaced with -sa in nobles' speech to avoid associations with Terrans.
* -sja, -ssa - (feminine)
	+ The plural of this is -ssjæ.
	+ -tja, -dža, -rja are sometimes used, but are also considered classical or slang. Their plurals, respectively, are -tjæ, -džæ, and -rjæ.
* -skij - (adjective) state of being, -ish, -ian
* -skij - (noun) demonym, person of an ethnic group
	+ -skije, the plural, is considered collective, or too formal and archaic.
* -(n)in - a person from a country
	+ -(n)ine - (plural)
* -(n)ije - a person from a people or culture
* -(v/n)ets - a person from a place
	+ -nin is for countries, -ets is for any place
	+ the plural is -tsy (-ци)
* -nja - place of (not proper)
* -mæst - place of (workplace)
* -ašta - greater place of, something greater
* zemlja ..., zemja ..., -zemlja, -zemja - land of, -land
* -ja - product of, object of
* -dæt, -data - child of
* -dætei, -datei - children of
* -ina - something great
* -(i)šče - something more greater
* -(i)šta - the greatest of, a collection of
* -voz - re-, again (many times), ever-

## Affixes in Bujanski

See also: Bujarski affixes

## Basics

### Basic actions

* imætǐ - have (something abstract or strange)
* imævatǐ - having something abstract
* jestǐ - to have (general)
* jesatǐ - having something
* jātǐ - is being
* o- -(e)tǐ - to become, -ise
	+ o- -(ja)tǐ, o- -(jā)tǐ - becoming like, -ising
	+ becomes ōm- -jetǐ if the root word starts with a vowel.
* močǐ - can do something
* khotæntǐ - to want to
* nōriv, nōrjo - to like, to like to do
* dælatǐ - to do
	+ padælatǐ - doing
* dejotǐ - to give
	+ padejotǐ - giving

* vroritǐ - to become, to turn into, to change into
	+ vroratǐ - becoming, turning into, changing into

### Basics

* da - yes
	+ "do" is the formal form of "da" (yes).
	+ In casual speech it is pronounced as "na" or "sa", the latter due to Vozonid influence.
* istin - that's right
* istinnij - correct
* jasnij - certainly, understood
* pravja - that is true
* pravǐ - sure
* slavno, sillau - that is correct, very true, well done!, excellent job! (considered very formal)
* njem - no
* njes - not
	+ bez- is a stronger form of "not".
* næto, næt - (archaic, classical) no, nay
	+ In formal Bujanski, "næto" is just "no" as an answer. To say "there is no" or "it is not there", say "næstǐ ...".
	+ E,g, Sæi næstǐ pečy - "there are no birds".
* næstǐ - (formal) there is no ...; it is not there
* njejasnij - I do not understand, I am not sure
* njetolky - nonsense, This cannot be true
* njekolja - never
* bezkolja - absolutely never
* mōtj@ - maybe, it can be possible
* ložǐ - wrong
* bezpravja - (formal) incorrect
* lizæ - can, possible, possibly
* lizæ bȳtǐ, zælbȳtǐ, zælbȳtja - can be, able to be
* njelizæ - cannot
* bezlizæ - unable to
* začem, ... - why, ...; so; indeed (to stress a topic more)

## Greetings

* zdraso/zdrasa - hello
* slava - hail to you
	+ This is mostly used as a blessing, in formal settings, or in religious ceremonies.
* privjes - hi
* vosto dobro gjot? - how are you?
	+ If the guest is female, it is vosto dobro gjat.
* ščo nāmjov gjot? - what is your name?
* nām nov X - my name is X
* prošes/prošo - sorry/excuse me
* izvena - please forgive me
	+ Usually used after a big mistake.
* žalō izvena - please forgive me for what I have done! (stronger)
	+ For those who are extremely sorry for a strong offense.
* Jon žalætǐ čto jon dælal - I regret what I have done
* Jon žalætǐ vsje jon dælal - I regret everything I have committed
* žalōvai ... - please
* prošodetǐ - pardon me (formal)
* deidobro - thank you
	+ (literally means "[you] give [something] good")
* nies deibro - no thanks
* toško mino - thank you very much
* Dobro pažalovatǐ, Dožalovai - good blessing, welcome
* Tsælovai - welcome, I wish you good health (archaic)
	+ Traditionally, if you are to wish this, you should bow your head to wish blessings to the person.
* Dobro razveta, Dobro 'zveta - good morning
* Dobro polīna - good afternoon
* Dobro smjerča - good evening
* Dobro nočǐ - good night
* svidanije - goodbye
* svidas - bye (casual)
* za ... - for ...
* soglasjen - Do you understand?; Do you agree?; agreed
* njeprotiv - I do not care/I do not mind
* Čto bæita? - What do you need?; How can I help?
* Vækno sæidal ! - I am always ready!
* Opasnostǐ! - Caution!, Danger!, Watch out!
* dobro prave, dopravena - good luck
* zdorov@ - may you be healthy, good luck, hello, goodbye

### Special greetings

* Ko Pobædnij Konetsa - to the final victory; long live
* Uæi! - Yay!
* Uæira! - Hurrah!, Hurray!
* Tūrej! - Hooray!, Yay! (less proper)
* Da ... - May there be ...
* Sæi ... - May there be ... (classical)
* Danjes ... - May there not be ...
* Davai! - Come on!, go, go, go! (in sports)
* Vsje Vmæste! - All together! (in singing and yelling)

### Royal greetings

* Za Bujanjet i Varonjot - For Bujan and the King
* Za Varonjot i Stranajat - For King and Country
* Da Zdrastovis Vareno - Long Live the King
* Slava Varonjot! - Glory to the King!
* Gosudarǐ - Your Majesty (if male), My Lord, My King
* Gosudarǐnja - Your Majesty (if female), My Lady, My Queen

### National greetings

* Pravja, za Bujanau! - Justice for Bujan!
	+ Replaced an earlier slogan, "Slava Bujanau" ("Glory to Buyan"), that was used during the overthrow of the Sarmelonids and the defeat of the Kyrvotin and Darroskei invasions. The earlier slogan, created to represent reconciliation with Rukania, is nowadays used less, out of respect for the other Slavic nations and to represent humility.
	+ It is often accompanied with "Nas Kerǐ Samætja!" (We Walk Together), reflecting oaths uttered by Rukanian knights.
	+ The slogan "Slava Bujanau" was also used during the Bujanski War of Independence and by anti-ATA resistance groups during Black July.
* Bujan Za Vsjevræmja! - Buyan Forever!
* Slava Smardijet! - Glory to the People! ("freemen")
* Slava Ljōdjot!, Slava Narodjot! - Long Live the People [of Bujan]!
* Slava Svabodat!, Slava Svobode! - Glory to Independence!
* Da Zdrastovis Svoboda! - Long Live Freedom!, Long Live Independence!
* Da Zdrastovis Njettsæpje! - Long Live Freedom
	+ "Svaboda" became used for "independence", while the modern word for "freedom" in Bujanski was "Njettsæpje" (Unchained).
* Nas Kerǐ Samætja! - We Walk Together!
	+ A patriotic greeting and a wish between Bujanski citizens. It is a wish that every Bujanski will help each other become better.
	+ In simple terms, it is "we will not leave anyone behind".
* Njes Pravja, Njes Mīr. - Without Justice, Peace Will Not Exist.
	+ Part of the Bujanski national philosophy, which calls for practicing justice, to undo the pain the people of Bujan suffered in their long history.
	+ Also accompanied by "Where Justice Ceases, Torment is Born", evoking the dark ages of Bujan's history. Shortened to "Without Justice, Pain is Born".
* Væra, Svaboda, Radostǐ!, VSR - "Faith, Independence, Happiness!"
	+ Representing the native religions of the Bujanski people, and their desire for freedom to live in happiness, away from being forced by the Wannaenids as slaves.
	+ Resembles an Eosome word, "vosra", meaning "fountain", so a fountain can be used to greet freedom and happiness to the nation.
	+ A recent slogan used in protest marches in the later years of Wannaenid rule, and then as a battlecry during the Bujanski Revolution.
* Slava Zakonu! - Glory to the Law!
* Da Perun Blagontǐ Bujanat! - May Perun Bless Bujan!, "God Bless Bujan"
* Bujan Berjes Njettsæpnaja! - Bujan will be free (used during the War of Independence and by opponents of the ATA's massacres).
* Djenasvæi Ber-jes Vjærisǐ! - Daylight Will Return! (revolutionary war slogan, also used by opponents of the ATA's nationwide killings)

### Religious greetings

* Slava Bogi!; Slava Bogam! - Hail to the Gods [of Bujan]!
* Slava Perunu! - Glory to Perun!
* Slava Mokoša! - Glory to Mokosh!
* Slava Svetovidu! - Glory to Svetovid!
* Slava Dazhbogu! - Glory to Dazhbog!
* Slava Jarile! - Glory to Jarilo!
* Slava Morskomu! - Glory to Morskoi!
* So Vnas Bogi!, Sjōnas Bogi! - The Gods are with us!; don't be afraid; have hope
* A Nov Bogi!; O Nov Bogi!; Ai Nov Bogi! - Oh my Gods!; by the Gods, what went wrong?!

### Festive greetings

* So Novigod Radostij! - Happy New Year!
* So Pjervodeni Radostij! - Happy New Year!
* So Vidovdan Radostij! - Happy Vidovdan!; Happy Svetovid's Holy Day!; Happy Independence Day!
* So Svjetodan Radostij! - Happy Vidovdan!; Happy Independence Day!
* So Rodžadenja Radostij! - Happy Birthday!
* So Rodžadostij!, So Rodžosja! - Happy Birthday! (informal)
* So Koljeda Radostij!, Sokarostǐ!, Sokorostǐ! - Happy Kolieda!; Merry Christmas!
* Pobæda nad nondžastve, pobæda nad tjomne. - Victory over cruelty, victory over darkness. (a traditional Kolieda greeting in modern Bujan)
* So Vetrikkina! - "May there be many flags", May this be a happy day, May you succeed with flying colours
	+ The word "vetrikkina" is from "vetri" (wind), -"ka" (old suffix for something small), and "-ina" (a sort of collective). So the word can mean "many flags".
* So Vsjevræmja Njebo! - "May the Sky be there forever"; "May there always be a sky over us"; "Perun is with us"; "do not be afraid"; "justice will win"

### SMS slang

* Zd - hello
* sl - Slava, hail to you (formal, ceremonial, or religious greeting)
* sv - svasti, blessings to you (Hindu greeting)
* dpl, dl - welcome
* dr - good morning
* dp - good afternoon
* ds - good evening
* dn - good night
* se - goodbye
* priv, pv - hi
* vdg - how are you
* SGl - do you understand
* sps - thanks
* svi - goodbye
* pšo - excuse me
* proš - pardon me
* žlō, žō - please
* prav - surely, that is true
* is, st, stt - that is correct
* lž - that is wrong, incorrect
* SlSv - Glory to Svetovid
* zBV - For Country and King
* dZaV - Long Live the King
* SVnBi - The Gods are with us; don't be afraid
* IJJJJJJJJ, ѢѢѢѢѢѢѢѢѢѢѢѢ (read as "Ǣ/Ehhhhhhhh!") - LOL

## Numbers

* 0; 1-10 - kolǐ; adjen, dva, tri, četri, pjætǐ, šasti, sāmi, vōsimi, devjati, desjati
* 11-20 - denadas, dvōnadas, trīnasas, četrinas, penčasas, sešanas, sentonas, vōsnasas, nevnasas, dvōsas
* 21-29 - dvōdsjaden, dvōdsjadva, dvōdsjatri, dvōdsjačet, dvōdsjapjætǐ, dvōdsjašas, dvōdsjasām, dvōdsjavjō, dvōdsjovja
* 30-100 - tridesjati, četridesjati, pjætǐdesjati, šasdesjati, sāndesjati, vōsdesjati, nevdesjati, sto
* 33 - tridsjatri
* 34 - tridsjačet
* 100 - sto
* 200-900 - dvōsto, tristo, četrīsto, pjæssto, šossto, sāmjasto, vōsjasto, devjasto
* 1000 - tysjač
* 2000-9000 - dvōsjača, trisjača, četrīsjača, pjæssjača, šossjača, sāmsjača, vōsjača, deisjača
* 10000 - važen
* 16000 - sešavažen
* 20000-90000 - dvōvažen, trisvažen, četrīsvažen, pjæsvažen, šosvažen, sāmsvažen, vōsjažen, devvažen
* 100000 - disavaž
* 200000-900000 - dvōsavaž, trisavaž, četrīsavaž, pjæsavaž, šosavaž, sāmsavaž, vōsjanavaž, deisavaž
* 1 million - nužo

### Enormous numbers

As Bujanski originally did not have any native words for numbers beyond one million, during the Zvestarid Standardisation, new words were created with poetic meanings to compare such enormous numbers to almost-countless things, especially in nature. Before that, both the Drevobojanse and Zvestarids used a mixture of Sarmelonid, Eosome, and Sanskrit loanwords.

* 1 billion - morjassau ("like the sea")
* 1 trillion - vsjelistjōsau, vsjelostau ("like all the leaves")
* 1 quadrillion - plesjōssau ("like all the sands")
* 1 nonillion - zvestjōsau ("like the stars")

### Archaic great numbers

Sanskrit loanwords were used for extremely great numbers.

* trillion - sjanko (शङ्कु)
* 100 quadrillion, quadrillion - makhāsjanko (महाशङ्कु), parār(o)dja (परार्ध)
* 10 sextillion - vrjonda (वृन्द)
* octillion - makhāvrjonda (महावृन्द)
* centillion, possibly the greatest of all known great numbers, "endlessness", "a fraction of eternity" - asonkǣja (असंख्येय)

### Ordinals

-nij makes a number ordinal in common speech.

Common ordinals, 1-10: adjenij, dvanij, trinij, četrinij, pjætǐnij, šastnij, sāmnij, vōsimnij, devjatnij, desjatnij

11-20: denadnij, dvōnadnij, trīnadnij, četrjatnij, penčatnij, sešatnij, sentonij, vōsnatnij, nevnatnij, dvōsatnij

### Regal ordinals

In Koscheigrad and in "noble speech", different words are used for ordinal numbers from 1-10, archaic numbers that are no longer used in modern speech.

1-10: adjoi; dvoi; trījoi, trējoi; četroi, pjætjoi, šas(t)oi, sāmjoi, vōsjoi, devjatjoi, desjatjoi

### Classical ordinals

Mostly used for titles of kings and monarchs:

1-10: pjervoi, vjatōroi, trjōtoi, četvjōnoi, pjætǐnoi, šestǐnoi, sjōm(dža)noi, vōsimoi, devjentnoi, desjentnoi

### Alternative numbers

* nos, not - 0 (quick, slang); naught, nothing, a round
* kōpa - 60 (archaic); a heap; a bunch

Other numbers

* sjottsæl - percent
* sjottsælon - 100 percent

## Measurements

The measurements commonly used in Bujan were derived from the Zvestarid Standardisation.

* sānženja (S) - a metre
* tyssjānženja, tysjānženǐ (TS) - kilometre

## Colours

Some words for certain colours do not exist in Slavic languages, so the Bujanski create their own.

* bjalij - white
	+ bjelij, bjælij are old-fashioned
* černij - black
* červonij, črevonij - pink; red (archaic, no longer used)
* rūmænij - vermilion; pink (archaic)
* korščij - brown
* krosenij - red, furious
	+ Formerly krasanij, evolved to krosenij due to association with krōvj, meaning "blood" or "rage".
* rasvenij, rasvij - orange, the colour of dawn, holy
* særij - gray
* snjænij - blue
	+ snjānij is archaic
* zerinij - green
* zoltij - golden

## Samples

See also: Samples of Bujanski

Usually, the government of Velkeria from Earth-27 writes official documents in Tsarist Cyrillic in Russian-language messages to the Bujanski. That is because in Cyrillic documents in Bujan, Е and Ѣ are pronounced differently in the Bujanski language: [e] and [æ].

Using modern Cyrillic would make it look more awkward, something like "roaw thees boans" (row these bones). Nonetheless, Bujanski officials to Velkeria had to learn modern spelling.

Ukrainian: Доброго ранку з чудового міста Кощейград, у королівстві Буян!

Russian: Доброе утро изъ прекрасного города Кощейграда, что въ королевствѣ Буянъ!

Bujanski: Dobro razveta, iz grade volšebnij Koscheigrade, vi Bujannaje Varestvone! - Добро развета, із граде волшебніј Кощеіграде, ві Бујаннаје Варествоне!

Translation: Good morning from the splendid city of Koscheigrad, in the Kingdom of Bujan!

Ukrainian: Це прекрасний схід сонця, чи не так?

Russian: Прекрасный рассвѣтъ, не правда ли?

Bujanski: Ono krasnaja rasveta, nes pravja ili? - Оно краснаја расвета, нес правя ілі? / Оно красная расвета, нес правя или?

Translation: This is a beautiful sunrise, isn't it?

Ukrainian: Я люблю танцювати в цьому прекрасному залі.

Russian: Я люблю танцевать въ этомъ красивомъ залѣ.

Bujanski: Jo ljubitǐ mentsǐ vi eta krasnoje sænoje. - Ѻ любіть менць ві ета красноје сѣноје. / Ё любить мэнць ви эта красное сѣное.

Translation: I love to dance in this beautiful hall.

Ukrainian: Хай Световид береже мене.

Russian: Да сохранитъ меня Свѣтовидъ.

Bujanski: Da Svetovid opjekatǐ mene. - Да Световід опјекать мене. / Да Свэтовид опекать мэнэ.

Translation: May Svetovid keep me safe.

Ukrainian: Ми розпочнемо цю подію.

Russian: Мы начнемъ это мѣропріятіе.

Bujanski: Nas ber-jom panæčolitǐ eta slučajot. - Нас бер-јом панѣчоліть ета случајот. / Нас бэр-ём панѣчолить эта случаёт.

Translation: We will be starting this event.

Ukrainian: Прогрес – шлях Буянського!

Russian: Продвиженіе — Путь Буянского!

Bujanski: Podenije Dora Bujannaja! - Поденіје Дора Бујаннаја! / Подение Дора Буянная!

Advancement is the Bujanski Way!

Ukrainian: ура! Боббі рятує ситуаціюуууу!

Russian: Ура! Бобби спасаетъ положеніеее!

Bujanski: Uæira! Bobi vyrūčitǐ denǐ etaaaa! - Уѣіра! Бобі вѵрӯчіть день етааа!

[wæi̯ˈra ˈbobi vɯruːˈt͡ɕitʲ dʲeɲ eˈta]

Hooray! Bobby saves the daaaaaay!

## Gallery

### Letters

The letter "Jætjo" (æ, ae, Ѣ)The letter "Issæsa" (y, Ѵ)."Jorja" (jo, Ѻ), and a ceremonial version.Monumental style Bujanski (by Borisyukishvili on Discord)
### Samples

"Ohhhh, I'm a useless doll", a popular song among female conscripts mocking social expectations divided for them being Arnadjanai and women."Show them what you're made of!"
## Trivia

* The author based Bujanski on the Russian language, but also used archaic spelling to make it different. Bujanski words also tend to be formed from archaic Russian words, and some older Slavic languages, instead of Greco-Roman, German, and Turkic borrowings.
	+ Dual pronouns are usually spoken by one member of a couple to another, therefore it is considered romantic or intimate to use those pronouns.
	+ Vowels in Bujanski are usually pronounced as they are, not reduced as in standard Russian. This is due to Bujanski society being influenced by Wonao and Sarmelonid culture, followed by attempts by governments to "refine" the language.
	+ As a result, Bujanski may sound like northern Russian dialects (where "je" is "je" and "o" is "o/wo", not "i" or "a") or Serbian. However, the pronunciation of æ [æ] and y [ɯ~y], and the existence of long vowels, would make Bujanski sound like Russian spoken by a Finnish person.
	+ The long vowels in Bujanski may have been influenced by Sarmelonid. Some were archaic long vowels preserved in Bujanski, others were later additions based on older language treatises or simply added to make words sound more classical.
* The Classical Slavonian language was based on Old Church Slavonic. Its pronouns used in royal and formal ceremonies, and when addressing the Gods and wights in prayers, while the language itself is mostly used in religious ceremonies, hymns, some prayers, and classical literature.
	+ When a monarch addresses themselves, they use plural pronouns to represent the whole country they rule.
	+ The archaic-looking vocabulary used to create many new words in Bujanski was also influenced by linguistic purism in Icelandic and Turkish.
* The different phonology, grammar, and puristic words that made Bujanski very different from Russian were the result of many, many debates between scholars and linguists to "beautify" the language. As a compromise between the Drevobojanse of the indigenous Slavs and their own Pogimmellian language; modern Bujanski, therefore, is an artificial language. Perhaps, a "conlang" that became a real language!
* The Bujanski alphabet was based on a mixture of Glagolitic and Thai, similar to the Sarmelonid alphabet.
	+ In-universe, the Bujanski alphabet was derived from the same family of alphabets as with Rukanian.
	+ Modern Bujanski has thirty-four basic letters, and up to around 51 total letters in use if foreign phonemes and grammatical marks are also counted.
	+ It is somewhat similar to the number of letters in the Georgian and Russian alphabets, being 33 letters.
* When Velkerians from Earth-27 first heard the Bujanski language, they were quite amused. Its pronunciation sounded like Serbian, its spelling looked like a poor attempt to write in Tsarist spelling, and many slang words sounded as though they were from mediaeval times!
	+ One "error" was that Bujanski do *not* write ъ after final consonants. For example: a Russian would write "прѣстолъ" (prjestol, "throne"), while a Bujanski writes "прѣстол" (præstol, "high seat, elite member").
* šk and čk (-чка, -шка; affectionate forms) are discouraged in the Bujanski language, as not only those sounded ugly, but Bujanski people associate them with Terran invaders. While they tend to be kept in foreign words and names, any Slavic-language word with these suffixes will have them changed to -šoka or -s(k)ja.
* "mjoss" (meat, vulgarity) is the only native Slavic word in Bujanski with a final double consonant. The spelling is to reflect "vulgarity" (the more common meaning) being out of place in Bujanski society, which rewards formalness in daily life for everyone and abhors impolite attitudes.
	+ Other native Slavic words that end with a cluster include "erš", which means "an ear". It was simply a dialectal word that caught on and got shortened.
	+ Still more words with final clusters were formerly words that had ę and ǫ as the last syllabic vowels, before they were solidified to en and on, leading to clusters like ent as in "svent" (holy, holiness, a saint).
* Bujanski's role in modern Jerde is similar to how English is used as an international language.
	+ This may have been why the author sometimes used British accents to represent what is originally spoken in Bujanski.
	+ International Bujanski, known as "Zvestarid", might sound a bit different from Bujanski in Bujan, being more faster and modern.

### Pronunciation:

At the ends of words, voiced and hard consonants are always pronounced as they are, never lightened as in Russian. The only consonant that can be lightened at the end of a word is -z, and only from Vozonid words reflecting its pronunciation as "-s".

* a - [a]; [ä] as long vowel, after j, n, r, or at the end of words in formal pronunciation; [ʌ] unstressed
* ā - long vowel
* av - [av] in correct speech; [au̯] in common and formal speech
* æ - [æ]
	+ never [je] as in Russian or [ji] as in Ukrainian.
	+ Terrans who often confuse "ѣ" with "е" end up being ridiculed as awkward, as these are considered distinct in Bujanski. Likewise, Americans who confuse this with short "а" get the same mockery.
	+ This is one thing that would make a Russian confuse a Bujanski for a Finn or a Swede.
* č - [t͡ʂ], [t͡ɕ] when palatalised
* -dǐ - [-ɟ~-d͡ʑ]
* dž - [d͡ʐ], [d͡ʑ] when palatalised
* -ij - [iː]
* ǐ - [ʲ], palatalises preceding consonant
* j - [j]
* kh - [x]
* l - always [l]
	+ never [ɫ] as in Russian or [w] as in Polish and Ukrainian
* n - [n], [ŋ] before velars
* nǐ - [ɲ]
	+ If -nǐ exists at the end of a word, it palatalises the preceding consonant
* ov - [ov] in correct speech, [ɒu̯] in common and formal speech
* š - [ʂ], [ɕ] when palatalised
* šč - [ɕ(t͡ɕ)]
* ŭ - [ɯ, o]
	+ So when reading Cyrillic, ъ and ы are both pronounced as [ɯ] in Bujanski.
	+ For example, Свѣтовидъ is read in modern Russian as [ˈsvʲɛtɐvʲit] ("SVYEH-tah-veet"), but a Bujanski would say it as [ˈsvætovidɯ] ("SVAE-toh-vee-dih").
	+ While in Russian, this sign was used to stop consonants from being palatalised (with a soft "j/y" sound after), in Bujanski, this sign is to place a vowel between consonant clusters considered difficult or impossible in Bujanski phonology. In such places it is variously pronounced as both [ɯ] and [o], with [o] being more common at the beginning of a word.
	+ For example, "vb[ŭ]zr(ŭ)" for "vbzr" (вбъзр(ъ) – вбзр), a word in a lost alien language that was recorded in a recently-discovered Malendor digital archive that means "sleet" or "snowstorm". In the original Malendor text, it was transcribed as "v-o-b-ï-z-r-o", translated as "häklïtřa" (хѣклѵтрха) in Novantirna.
	+ In Bujanski, it is also used to transcribe one-consonant words in some Slavic languages, such as Russian в (въ, "in"), с (съ, "with"), and Ukrainian з (зъ, "in"). There, it is commonly pronounced as "o".
* y - [ɯ~y]
	+ Also used for the Vozonid and Norse y, and equivalents in other languages.
	+ [ə~ø] as the plural -y. Although this is not listed as the "correct" way in official guides, this is very common even in the most formal setting, even all the way to the King of Bujan's royal court.
	+ The common pronunciation of y as [y] (as in Sarmelonid) will make Earthlings mistake Bujanski for Finnish people.
* z - [z]
	+ [-s] at the end of a word, in loanwords from Sarmelonid and Vozonid languages.
* ž - [ʐ], [ʑ] when palatalised

If a speaker does not pronounce the correct length of long vowels, other Bujanski speakers might think they sound like a machine or robot.

### Foreign phonemes

* q - [q~k] (Vozonid loanwords)
* f - [f] (Irajonian, Heronoi, Daizhouvian, Norse)
* th - [θ~s] (Vozonid, Norse)
* gh - [ɣ~x] (Vozonid)
* ñ - [ŋ(g)]
* lh - [lw], [lːo] before o or u
* rh - [rw], [rːo] before o or u
* ô [ɔ~a~o] (Vozonid, Heronoi)
* ö - [ø~ei̯]

Examples of foreign phonemes in Bujanski:

* Sarmelonid: "qau qarqon" (same spinel/money) > "kau karkon"
	+ ҁау ҁарҁон
* Norse: "þórr" (thunder) - "sōrr(o)"
	+ ѳо̄рро, Бого Ѳо̄рро (the thunder god)
* Heronoi: "xefo" (sword) - "ksefo"/"ksevo"
	+ ѯефо

## See also

* Formal Bujanski glossary
* Sarmelonid Bujanski glossary
* Classical Bujanski language
* Bujanski glossary
* Wonao Bujanski words
* Bujanski slang
* Samples of Bujanski
* Bujanski folklore
* List of Bujanski names
* Wonao mythology

### Related languages

Bujanski is an Eastern Slavonian language, like its relative Pogimmelian, from the Movarian branch which also produced Sevestranian and Nevkrenian.

* Drevobojanse glossary
* Rukanian language
* Sevraejan language

### Other languages

* Irajonian language
* Rantavid language
* Ēosomê language (native Bujanski lingua franca)
* Wonao glossary
* Naonaere language
* Koedaker glossary
* Marnosyn language
* Heronoi language
* Arnadjanai languages
* Pinogunian glossary
* Russian glossary

## External links

* Slavenitsa, a website to convert modern Russian to Tsarist Russian spelling.