TNT

**TNT** (originally an abbreviation for **Turner Network Television**) is an American subscription television network that is owned by WarnerMedia Entertainment, a unit of AT&T's WarnerMedia. When TNT launched in October 1988, the channel's original purpose was to air classic films and television series to which Turner Broadcasting maintained spillover rights through its sister channel Nene Network; however, since June 2001, its programming consists of television series and feature films with a focus on drama, along with some sports (including NBA games, the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, UEFA Champions League, the UEFA Europa League Final and AEW Dynamite).

As of September 2018, TNT was received by approximately 89.573 million households that subscribe to a subscription television service throughout the United States.

## History

### **Beginnings**

See also: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer § MGM Entertainment

Prior to the launch of the channel in 1988, the **Turner Network Television** name had been utilized by the Turner Broadcasting System for an ad-hoc syndication service which produced and distributed various sporting events for carriage on Turner's Atlanta, Georgia superstation WTBS (channel 17, now WPCH-TV, which was separated from its national cable feed, TBS, in October 2007) as well as broadcast television stations throughout the United States.

The Turner Network Television syndication service launched in 1982 to produce two exhibition games organized by the NFL Players Association (NFLPA) during the NFL strike, which were broadcast on WTBS and its national superstation feed. (The agreement with the NFLPA originally called for 18 games to be broadcast by WTBS on Sunday afternoons and Monday nights during the originally proposed strike season, but was reduced to the exhibition games amid lawsuits filed by the National Football League against Turner Broadcasting and the NFLPA union.)[5][6][7] The TNT syndication service also produced and distributed the first Goodwill Games – organized by Robert E. "Ted" Turner IIIhimself, in response to the Olympic boycotts involving the United States and the Soviet Union of the 1980 and 1984 Summer Olympics – in 1986.

On October 6, 1987, Ted Turner announced the launch of Turner Network Television (TNT) – his fifth basic cable network venture, following SuperStation TBS, CNN, Headline News (now HLN) and the short-lived Cable Music Channel – in a keynote address at the opening day of the Atlantic Cable Show in Atlantic City, New Jersey, stating that the channel would center around major television events. Turner originally estimated that TNT would be offered to cable systems at a monthly rate of 10¢ per subscriber at launch (increasing to 20¢ per subscriber per month by March 1989), with 10 minutes of advertising being carried each hour (three to four minutes of which would be given to prospective cable systems for local advertising).[9][10]Turner Broadcasting struggled to obtain carriage commitments from various cable providers to commence with the proposed service's launch plans, putting uncertain TNT's fate.[11] Turner also entered into preliminary discussions with NBC Inc. to purchase a 25% stake in the company, with the prospect of using NBC's financial and programming expertise to get TNT off the ground; however, such discussions terminated by January 1988 without a resolution.[12][13]

By February 1988, Turner had disclosed that TNT's programming would focus around movies from the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) film library – which Turner acquired as a result of his 1986 sale of the MGM film studio to Kirk Kerkorian – and major television events, including made-for-cable movies, high-profile specials, sports events, documentaries and miniseries. Cable systems were given the option of substituting a superstation (other than SuperStation TBS) or other out-of-market television station for TNT upon launch without incurring any copyright liabilities for carriage of the distant signal for the second half of 1988. However, the proposed launch date – originally slated for July 1 of that year – was delayed because it would have presented several issues, including obtaining channel clearances and assembling a programming schedule in such a contracted timespan, and the unfavorability of promoting a service during the summer (when television networks typically programmed reruns).  On March 7, Turner Broadcasting System's board of directors unanimously approved Ted Turner's plan for Turner Network Television, with October 3 as the channel's proposed launch date. Plans called for TNT to offer 250 nights of original and live sports programming per year within five years of its debut.[16]

The channel launched at 7:55 p.m. Eastern Time on October 3, 1988, with TNT founder Ted Turner delivering a message about the channel's launch and programming, followed by a pre-recorded performance of *The Star Spangled Banner,* which traditionally played during the launch of a new Turner-owned network.[17] Its inaugural telecast (which followed at 8:00 p.m. Eastern) was the first half of the 1939 classic film *Gone with the Wind*, a film which Ted Turner had acquired the rights; the second half aired the following night at the same time (both halves were repeated at 11:00 p.m. Eastern on their respective nights), with the film then being shown in its entirety that Sunday. It was said that *Gone with the Wind* was chosen as the channel's inaugural program because it was Turner's favorite movie.[17] (*Gone with the Wind* would also serve as the first program aired on sister channel Turner Classic Movies, when it debuted in April 1994.) Incidentally, the film was set and had its premiere held in Atlanta, Turner's hometown and the headquarters of the channel's corporate parent, Turner Broadcasting System.

TNT was initially a vehicle for older movies and television shows to which Turner either already held rights or acquired specifically for the channel; these films made up the majority of TNT's programming during its first six years of operation. The initial schedule also consisted of animated and live-action children's programs (airing Sunday through Fridays from 7:00 to 9:00 a.m. Eastern Time and Monday through Saturdays from 6:00 to 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time), with western series on Saturday mornings and a limited schedule of other classic television series in select other time periods.[17] In its early years, TNT caused controversy among film critics and fans for its airings of colorized versions of many classics that were originally filmed in black-and-white.

The channel launched with an estimated 17 million subscribers, its initial coverage totaling 6.8 times that of the largest previous cable network launch (VH1, which launched on January 1, 1985 with 2.5 million homes estimated to have initially received that channel).[17] The channel's operations were based inside office space at Turner Broadcasting's Techwood Drive complex in midtown Atlanta that formerly served as the facilities for CNN Headline News from its launch as CNN2 in January 1982 until it and parent network CNN moved their operations into the CNN Center downtown in 1987. Turner Entertainment Networks president Gerald Hogan stated around the time of its launch that TNT would eventually become "the first cable network to directly challenge the three broadcast networks," through the production of original programming that would be of "a quality level equal to and [..] significantly better" than programs carried on the major American broadcast television networks; as such, the channel slowly began to add original programming and newer reruns within two years of its launch.[17] The channel debuted its first original made-for-TV film on March 8, 1989, when TNT premiered *Nightbreaker*, an Arms Race-era drama starring Martin Sheen (who also co-produced the film) and Emilio Estevez.[18]

### **Expansion**

See also: Monday Night Wars

In 1995, TNT debuted *WCW Monday Nitro*, which assumed the distinction as the flagship program of the now-defunct World Championship Wrestling from *WCW Saturday Night*, which debuted on sister channel TBS in 1992 and ran on that channel until 2000. At one point, *Monday Nitro* was regularly the highest-rated weekly program on cable television[*citation needed*]. The program beat *Monday Night Raw*, the flagship show of the World Wrestling Federation (now the WWE or World Wrestling Entertainment), in the ratings for 83 consecutive weeks from 1996 to 1998.[19] However, in late 1998, the program began to lose viewers to *Raw*, which became the highest-rated wrestling program on television due to its use of more adult-like storylines. The rapid decline of WCW's viewership can be attributed to the Fingerpoke of Doom (which occurred on January 4, 1999) and the company's mounting losses. On March 23, 2001, the WWF acquired most of the assets of WCW, which had been up for sale since late 2000; *Monday Nitro* aired its last episode three days later.

On September 22, 1995, Time Warner – a New York City-based media company formed in 1989 through the merger of Time Inc. and Warner Bros. corporate parent Warner Communications – reached an agreement to acquire the Turner Broadcasting System and its associated properties (including TNT, TBS, CNN, Headline News and Cartoon Network as well as Turner Entertainment) for $7.5 billion; the deal would also expand Time Warner's pay television holdings, as it had owned HBO and sister premium service Cinemax as well as cable television provider Time Warner Cable since the Time-Warner Communications merger six years prior. (Time Warner and predecessor Warner Communications had owned an 18% interest in Turner Broadcasting since 1987, as part of a cable television industry-backed bailout of the company amid severe financial issues.) Under the terms, Turner would acquire an approximate 10% interest in Time Warner as well as oversee its subscription network group – comprising the Turner and Home Box Office units and its minority interests in Comedy Centraland E! – and hold a position on the company's board of directors (which he retained until he stepped down from the company in February 2006) upon the merger's closure.[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] The merger received regulatory approval on September 12, 1996; the Turner–Time Warner deal was finalized one month later on October 10, forming what at the time was the largest media company in the world.[29][30][31]

The channel was also known for its late night programming. One such program was *MonsterVision*, a Saturday night B movieshowcase that aired from 1991 to 2000. Often the series had special themes, such as "Godzilla Bash '94", which was an all-day marathon of *Godzilla* movies. Penn & Teller served as occasional guest hosts during its early years; and in 1996, *MonsterVision* found a permanent host in cult personality and drive-in movie aficionado Joe Bob Briggs, who hosted a pair of more contemporary horror films each week, such as *Friday the 13th Part 2* and *Wes Craven's New Nightmare*. During the wraparound segments within each film, Briggs provided a running commentary, trivia, off-color jokes, and a drive-in total, as well as jokes at the expense of TNT's Standards & Practices department regarding the heavy censorship of the featured movies. This running joke culminated in a *Friday the 13th* all-night Halloween marathon in 1998, where it was implied that Ted Turner was out to kill him.

Into the 1990s, TNT continued to air cartoons from the Turner library, such as *The Flintstones*, *Scooby-Doo*, the DePatie-Freleng *Pink Panther* cartoons, *Dexter's Laboratory*, and *The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest* as part of a daily block called *TNT Toons*. *The Rudy and Gogo World Famous Cartoon Show*, which ran from 1995 to 1997, was an original children's program on the channel featuring Warner Bros., MGM, and Popeye shorts, hosted by a titular pair of a marionette and a nanny goat. In January 1996, the channel began scaling back its children's programming amid competition in that market from Nickelodeon and Turner-owned sister channel Cartoon Network; at that time, TNT discontinued its late-afternoon block of animated series in favor of airing acquired drama series such as *Starsky & Hutch* and *In the Heat of the Night*.[32] In 1998, TNT dropped all of its remaining cartoons, relegating those shows to Cartoon Network. Most of the animated series and shorts that were dropped would also serve as the core of Boomerang, a subscription channel devoted to classic cartoons that launched on April 1, 2000.

During the 1990s, TNT scheduled a weekday afternoon block that included *Due South*, *Kung Fu: The Legend Continues*, *Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman* and *Babylon 5*. In 1998, TNT made efforts to increase its original programming, bumping its production budget by 146%, with programming production costs running in the range of $175 million to $200 million by 2000.[33] That year, TNT took over production of the fifth and final season of *Babylon 5* from the Prime Time Entertainment Network after the ad-hoc syndication block ceased operations. The following year, TNT produced the *Babylon 5*spinoff series *Crusade*, which was canceled after 13 episodes, as TNT management decided that science fiction did not fit the channel's brand identity. In 2001, TNT debuted what became its most successful original series at the time, *Witchblade*, which ran for two seasons, ending in 2002.

### **Shift towards drama**

Former TNT logo, used from 2001 to 2016; the current logo is loosely based on this design.

On June 12, 2001, TNT underwent an extensive rebrand, with the introduction of a new logo designed by Trollbäck + Company as well as a new slogan, "We Know Drama," a repositioning of the network that Bradley Siegel, then-president of Turner Entertainment Networks, explained had emerged through extensive focus group research with frequent TNT viewers. The slogan emphasized the channel's new focus on dramatic programming, including sports and off-network syndicated dramas such as *Law & Order*, *NYPD Blue*, *ER* and *Judging Amy*.[34] In addition, NASCAR coverage moved to TNT from TBS starting with the 2001 season, as Turner Broadcasting System management believed that it would fit more with TNT's new format than TBS.

On January 1, 2003, TNT launched a substitute feed called *TNT Plus*, although it does not appear this was ever reflected in the channel's on-air identity. The apparent sole purpose of its establishment was to force renegotiations with subscription providers to increase carriage fees – with some multiple system operators suggesting that Turner was seeking a 10% increase in subscriber fees for the channel – to help pay for TNT's new NBA and NASCAR contracts well before the channel's distribution agreements with providers were scheduled to come up for renewal. In theory, TNT Plus was to have been the sole carrier of Turner's NBA and NASCAR coverage from that point forward, while any providers still carrying the original TNT would have seen replacement programming instead.[35][36] Although it appears that Comcast did not immediately sign on to carry TNT Plus, there is no evidence that Turner had actually pulled its sports programming from the "original" TNT.[37]

On December 7, 2008, TNT unveiled an update to its logo, displaying it mainly in a silver or sometimes gold beveling. The "We know drama" tagline remained, but the channel added more of a focus on its original series and announced plans to carry three nights of original programming a week during primetime, starting in 2009.[38] In 2012, TNT rebranded itself with a new slogan: "Drama, Period." (visually displayed as "Drama.," with the TNT logo serving as the period symbol), with the logo being recolored to match the themes of its shows.

On May 14, 2014, TNT altered its on-air branding to "TNT Drama" and introduced a new slogan, "Boom". The branding campaign reflects the channel's refocusing towards action-adventure, sci-fi, fantasy, mystery, suspense series alongside its slate of crime dramas.[39] The channel purchased subscription-television rights in September for the next five Marvel Studiosmovies starting with *Avengers: Age of Ultron*.[40] In 2016, TNT changed its logo after 15 years.

### **AT&T era**

In 2018, TNT parent Time Warner was acquired by AT&T and renamed WarnerMedia. On March 4, 2019, WarnerMedia underwent a major reorganization of its broadcasting assets, in which Turner Broadcasting would effectively be dissolved, and WarnerMedia's television properties would be divided among three divisions within the WarnerMedia umbrella, with TNT, along with TBS, truTV and HBO being reassigned to WarnerMedia Entertainment, chaired by Bob Greenblatt. AT&T did not specify any timetable for the changes to take effect, although WarnerMedia had begun to remove all Turner references in corporate communications and press releases, referring to that unit's networks as "divisions of WarnerMedia".[41][42][43]

See also: Wednesday Night Wars

In 2019, TNT began broadcasting All Elite Wrestling, marking the network's re-entry into the professional wrestling scene following the aforementioned closure of World Championship Wrestling.[44] In October 2019, TNT debuted *All Elite Wrestling: Dynamite*, which assumed the distinction as the flagship program of the All Elite Wrestling.

## High-definition feed

**TNT HD** is a high definition simulcast feed of TNT, which broadcasts at a picture resolution of 1080i; the HD feed launched on May 21, 2004, inaugurated with the network's coverage of Game 1 of the 2004 NBA Western Conference Finals between the Los Angeles Lakers and the Minnesota Timberwolves.[45][46] TNT has been criticized for its practice of airing a significant amount of 4:3 standard definition content stretched to 16:9 on its HD feed, utilizing a nonlinearprocess similar to the "panorama" setting on many HDTVs that some viewers have nicknamed Stretch-o-Vision.[47][48][49]

Though other cable channels have also fallen into this practice for their HD simulcast feeds, TNT has been the one most commonly cited since it was one of the first channels to offer such a simulcast. The nonlinear stretching process leaves objects in the center of the screen with approximately their original aspect ratio; objects at the left and right edges are distorted.

## Programming

Main article: List of programs broadcast by TNT (U.S. TV network)

TNT currently airs a mix of original drama and reality series, and reruns of dramas that originally aired on the major broadcast networks. Original programs currently seen on TNT (as of September 2018) include *Animal Kingdom*, *Good Behavior*, *The Last Ship* and *Claws*. The channel's daytime, overnight and Saturday morning schedule is heavily dominated by reruns of current and former network police procedural series such as *Castle,* *Bones* and TNT mainstay *Law & Order*, while its weekday morning schedule focuses on sci-fi, supernatural and fantasy series.

### **Movies**

Feature films have been a mainstay of TNT since its inception. TNT maintains movie licensing agreements with sister company Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. (primarily releases from Warner Bros. Pictures and New Line Cinema), Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures (primarily releases from Walt Disney Pictures (live-action only), Touchstone Pictures, Marvel Studios, Lucasfilmand 20th Century Studios), Columbia Pictures, Universal Pictures and Paramount Pictures.

Since the launch of Turner Classic Movies, TNT's movie lineup has shifted away from classic films outside of special airings of films such as *The Wizard of Oz* (which is aired each November around Thanksgiving weekend), in favor of more recent films released from the 1980s onward, with an emphasis on films released after 1995. Presently, most of the films broadcast on TNT are of the drama and action genres, however some comedy films continue to air on the channel periodically. Movies generally air on the channel during the overnight hours on most nights and for much of the day on weekends.

Beginning in 1997, TNT broadcast a 24-hour marathon of the 1983 comedy film *A Christmas Story* from the evening of Christmas Eve to the evening of Christmas Day. The marathon ran simultaneously on sister channel TBS until 2009, when the annual event became exclusive to that channel. However, as of 2014, TNT has begun airing the movie for 24 hours once again. Once each weekend, TNT airs a movie in primetime with limited commercial interruption, branded in on-air promosunder the title "More Movies, Less Commercials".

#### **National Basketball Association**

Main article: NBA on TNT

In July 1989, the Turner Broadcasting System announced that TNT would obtain partial pay television rights to the National Basketball Association beginning with the 1989–90 season, as part of a transference of TBS SuperStation's existing NBA telecast rights.[50] As a result, TNT's NBA coverage would consist of games involving other teams within the league, with TBS's rights being scaled back to only encompass game telecasts involving the franchise serving its parent television station WTBS's home market, the Atlanta Hawks (which Ted Turner had purchased from Atlanta-based real estate developer Tom Cousins in 1977). Under the initial agreement and a subsequent five-year contract signed in December 1989, TNT carried about 50 regular season and 25 playoff games during the inaugural season of its contractual rights. (TBS SuperStation/WTBS, in acquiring exclusivity for the Hawks, expanded its schedule to include 25 away games through the acquisition of Atlanta rival WGNX [now CBS affiliate WGCL-TV]'s partial Hawks telecast rights.)[51][52]

In the early 1990s, some Hawks game telecasts shown on TNT and TBS became subject to blackout within 35 miles of the home team's arena. This restriction was dropped in 2000, allowing TNT the right to be the exclusive broadcaster of any game it chose to carry. TNT had regularly broadcast NBA games on multiple Tuesday nights until the 2002–03 season. The weekly telecasts were then moved to Thursday nights in 2003–04 season, when TBS was opted out of rights to NBA coverage as a result of the league's contract renewal with Turner Sports. In addition to carrying NBA regular season games, which typically air as a doubleheader on most weeks, TNT also airs opening night games, the NBA All-Star Game, and the vast majority of games within the conference playoffs and one of the Conference Finals (the Eastern Conference Finals in odd-number years and the Western Conference Finals in even-number years) under the *NBA on TNT* branding. Since 2015, the All-Star Game has been simulcast on TBS to mute any in-house competition, though unlike most TBS/TNT simulcasts such as the SAG Awards, this is not specifically called out in promotional advertising and only TNT's airing of it is mentioned in any manner.

#### **College basketball**

Main article: NCAA March Madness (CBS/Turner)

In 2011, TNT obtained a share in the television rights to the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship as part of a comprehensive broadcast rights deal known as *NCAA March Madness*. The deal also involves CBS and fellow Turner properties TBS and TruTV. During even-numbered years, Turner holds exclusive rights to the Final Four-onward; alongside the main telecast on Nene Network, the Final Four and championship have been simulcast by TNT and TruTV with alternate commentary teams representing the participating teams, branded as *Team Stream powered by Bleacher Report*.[53]

#### Golf[edit]

Main article: Golf on TNT

TNT televised the PGA Championship,[54] carrying full coverage of the first two rounds and early coverage of the weekend rounds. The rights have been held since 1999, and the current contract with the PGA of America ends in 2019—after which ESPN will assume the rights.[55]

In 2003, TNT took over the rights to broadcast the Thursday and Friday rounds of The Open Championship,[56] as well as the rights to weekday rounds of the Women's British Open and Senior British Open. ESPN assumed the Open Championship rights in 2009. From 2000 to 2007, TNT also carried the biennial PGA Tour-managed Presidents Cup.[57] The television rights were assumed by Golf Channel beginning with the 2009 event as part of its overall subscription-TV deal with the PGA Tour.

#### **UEFA**

Beginning in the 2018-19 season, Turner Sports holds rights to the UEFA Champions League and Europa League, the two highest levels of European competition, under a three-year deal. 46 Champions League matches and the finals of both competitions (as well as the UEFA Super Cup) are aired per-season on TNT, with the remainder streaming on B/R Live—a newly-created streaming service run by its sister sports news website *Bleacher Report*.[58][59]

#### **Major League Baseball (overflow)**

Main article: Major League Baseball on Nene Network

 TNT carries limited playoff coverage from MLB on Nene Network, but only in rare exceptions where a long-running or extra innings game forces a bump over in coverage of the newer game temporarily from Nene Network to TNT until the earlier game's conclusion, when the coverage on TNT ends at the conclusion of the current half-inning and the game moves fully to Nene Network (due to this, TNT's schedule in early-to-mid October is usually made up of little original content). In the 2011 and 2012 playoffs it carried seven pre-scheduled Division Series games in full before Major League Baseball decided to use MLB Network in future years in a shift of scheduling to allow more night game carriage.

#### **NASCAR**

Main article: NASCAR on TNT

In 2001, TNT assumed the subscription television rights to select Winston Cup and Busch Series races as part of a deal between NASCAR, NBC and TNT. Turner Broadcasting initially planned to have TBS serve as the pay-TV partner during negotiations, which would have allowed it to retain rights to NASCAR events, but decided that the NASCAR telecasts would better fit TNT's "We Know Drama" image campaign. TNT retained NASCAR rights after NBC chose not to renew its broadcast contract following the 2006 NASCAR season; the channel's broadcasting agreement with the organization ended in 2014, as a result of a television deal with NBC effective that year, which gave it rights to the last 20 races of the 2015 NASCAR Sprint Cup season as well as rights to Sprint Cup events through 2025 (with NBCSN serving as its pay-TV partner).[60] The last race broadcast by TNT was the Camping World RV Sales 301 on July 13, 2014.

#### **National Football League**

Main article: NFL on TNT

In 1990, TNT obtained partial television rights to the NFL's *Sunday Night Football* package in a comprehensive agreement in which games were split with ESPN. The *NFL on TNT* consisted of three or four preseason game broadcasts and telecasts of regular season games during the first half of each season until 1997. Abiding by NFL broadcasting rules, TNT distributed its game telecasts to broadcast television stations in the local markets of the teams playing in that week's game.

## International

European, Middle Eastern, African, Australian, Latin American and Asian versions of TNT were launched in the middle of 1990s, which were exclusively dedicated to movies, mainly from the MGM and Warner Bros. archives (however, the UK, Scandinavian, and Australian versions of TNT all broadcast *WCW Monday Nitro* (the UK and Scandinavian versions broadcast the show on Friday nights on a four-day delay from its U.S. broadcast), and the Latin American version aired a children's block called "Magic Box"). The European, Australian and Asian versions of TNT shared channel space with Cartoon Network, while the Latin American version shared space with CNN International. The Europe, Middle East and Africa, Asia-Pacific TNT channels were eventually relaunched as Turner Classic Movies, while the Latin American version retained the TNT branding. The most well-known TNT channel in Canada, Latin America, Europe, Middle East and Africa, Asia-Pacific was (and still is) the French version, which used similar graphics to what the flagship U.S. channel was using at the time.

### **Latin America**

Regional versions of TNT were launched in Brazil and Latin America in 1991; the channel mostly shows films, along with a few series. All programs used to be presented subbed in Spanish and Portuguese, until 2015, when the channel reverted it and made available the dubs; however, the channel also offers closed captions (which can be removed or placed by the user) on digital operators. TNT Latin America and TNT Brazil began operating high definition simulcast feeds in 2009. In Latin America, TNT broadcasts all of the high-profile award shows including the Oscars and Grammys.

**Feeds**

* TNT Mexico
* TNT Venezuela
* TNT Colombia/Ecuador
* TNT Central America and Caribbean
* TNT Chile/Peru/Bolivia
* TNT Argentina/Paraguay /Uruguay
* TNT Brazil
* TNT Latin America HD
* TNT Brazil HD

### **Germany**

In January 2009, a version of TNT launched in Germany as TNT Serie. The channel shows a wide variety of older and recent American drama and comedy programs (such as *30 Rock*, *Murder, She Wrote*, *Monk*, *Six Feet Under*, *Seinfeld*, *ER*, *The King of Queens*, *Everybody Loves Raymond*, *Boardwalk Empire*, *Game of Thrones* and *Falling Skies*). TNT Serie maintains two audio channels: one with the original English language audio track and one with a German-dubbed soundtrack. In June 2009, the German version of TCM was relaunched as TNT Film. TNT also has a comedy channel which shows *2 Broke Girls*, *Two and a Half Men* and *The Big Bang Theory*. TNT Comedy also maintains two audio channels: TNT Serie, TNT Comedy and TNT Film both launched high definition simulcast feeds in the fall of 2010.

### **Spain**

The TNT brand returned to the Spanish market in the summer of 2007, when it launched exclusively on pay television platform Digital+. As of 2012, TNT is available on several subscription providers in Spain. TNT España is divided in two blocks: one exclusively carrying movies and another exclusively carrying television series (such as *The Vampire Diaries*, *The Big Bang Theory*, *Two and a Half Men*, *Falling Skies* and *Sherlock*). In 2019, TNT España aired the first series they commissioned locally in Spain, *Vota Juan*.[*citation needed*]

### **Turkey**

A local version of TNT in Turkey launched on March 3, 2008 by Doğan Media Group as a channel focusing on feature films. Foreign television series and movies were eventually added to the channel's schedule. On January 24, 2011, it was relaunched as a general entertainment channel with the addition of new television series to its lineup.[61] In 2012, TNT was rebranded as tv2.

### **Scandinavia**

The Scandinavian TNT channel was originally launched by tabloid newspaper Aftonbladet as "Aftonbladet TV7" on October 9, 2006. Aftonbladet sold the channel in late 2007. In August 2008, it was sold once again to NonStop Television. On March 2, 2011, the channel was relaunched as TNT7, following the Turner Broadcasting System's purchase of NonStop Television owner Millennium Media Group. On March 21, 2012, the channel was renamed TNT, dropping the "7" from the name.

### **Netherlands and Flanders**

On April 10, 2012, TNT HD Benelux launched in Belgium, carried exclusively on Telenet. The first month of the service was offered to consumers for free, with a subscription required thereafter to view the channel. TNT HD Benelux offers a mix of comedies, movies and current television series (such as *Falling Skies*, *Shameless* and *Memphis Beat*), as well as reruns of older series (such as *ER*, *The West Wing* and *Smallville*).[62] The channel launched in the Netherlands on January 24, 2013;[62]however, it was dropped by pay television providers in that country on January 1, 2014.

### **Poland**

The Polish version of TNT was launched as Turner Classic Movies (TCM) on September 1, 1998, replacing the European version of TNT, Classic Movies. It relaunched in both SD and HD on October 6, 2015.

### **Romania**

The European version of TNT was launched for first time in Romania on September 17, 1993, with Cartoon Network, until October 15, 1999 when it was replaced with Turner Classic Movies. In 2007, TCM was localized in Romania, the Romanian version was launched and it was made a 24/7 channel. On some carriers, Cartoon Network and TCM were shared (the last carrier who maintained them shared was RDS-RCS, from launch of European version to October 20, 2017). On October 6, 2015, TCM was replaced by TNT, 22 years after the first launch.

### **Africa**

The African version of TNT launched on 15 October 1995. On 15 October 1999, TNT was replaced with Turner Classic Movies. On 21 September 2018, TNT replaced TCM. 23 years after the first relaunch.[63]

### **Thailand**

Launched in 2016, it replaced Toonami Thailand. Owned by M Turner Company (a joint-venture with Major Kantana Co., Ltd.), the channel was closed on January 1, 2018.