Family Neoechinorhynchidae

## Source: Wikipedia

**Neoechinorhynchidae** is a family of parasitic worms from the order Neoechinorhynchida.

## Species

**Neoechinorhynchidae** contains 4 subfamilies: Atactorhynchinae Petrochenko, 1956, Eocollinae Petrochenko, 1956, Gracilisentinae Petrochenko, 1956, Neoechinorhynchinae Ward, 1917.

## Mayarhynchus

The genus Mayarhynchus Pinacho-Pinacho, Hernández-Orts, Sereno-Uribe, Pérez-Ponce de León & García-Varela, 2017 is different from the other 17 genera in Neoechinorhynchidae by having a small proboscis has nine longitudinal rows of five hooks each, totaling 45 to 46 relatively weak rooted hooks.

* ***Mayarhynchus karlae*** Pinacho-Pinacho, Hernández-Orts, Sereno-Uribe, Pérez-Ponce de León & García-Varela, 2017

*M. karlae* has a small proboscis with nine longitudinal rows of five hooks each, totaling 45 to 46 relatively weak rooted hooks and a proboscis receptacle is nearly cylindrical and contains a single layered wall. The worm has a short trunk with a body wall containing five dorsal and one ventral giant hypodermal nuclei. The lemnisci are broad and flat with large nuclei. In the male, the testes are in tandem, and the cement gland has eight large nuclei. In the female, the eggs are oval. Phylogenetic analysis has been conducted based on the cox1 gene, and the 28S ribosomal RNA gene were conducuted to compare with other species of Neoechinorhynchidae, confirming its correct family, however it determined that Neoechynorhynchus is not monophyletic.

### Atactorhynchinae Petrochenko, 1956

***Atactorhynchus*** Chandler, 1935

* ***Atactorhynchus duranguensis*** Salgado-Maldonado, Aguilar-Aguilar and Cabañas-Carranza, 2005

*A. duranguensis* has been found in the intestine of the Mezquital pupfish (*Cyprinodon meeki*) a fish from in-land Mexico. Diagnostic features include: body small, stout, ventrally curved; small cylindrical proboscis armed with 16 alternating vertical rows of four or five hooks; anterior two or three hooks conspicuous, stout and larger than other hooks, and have large, rod-shaped roots with a markedly and abruptly enlarged base; three posterior hooks of each row are smaller and rootless; single-walled proboscis receptacle; lemnisci equal in length, elongate and robust; and cement gland syncytial, larger than testis. The new species is smaller than *A. verecundus* with smaller hook lengths and slightly smaller proboscis. *A. duranguensis* is also shaped differently: it has a proboscis shape that is not widest at the apex, and the greatest width of the trunk is in about the middle contrasting *A. verecundus* where the trunk is widest posteriorly, and the proportion of large apical proboscis hooks in relation to the small basal hooks is different: the basal hooks of A. verecundus are about half the size of the anterior hooks and but only about a quarter of the size in *A. duranguensis*. Unlike *A. verecundus*, the base of the roots are markedly and abruptly enlarged in the new species. Finally, the eggs of the new species are smaller (23-27 x 8-10 um) than those of *A. verecundus* (27-30 x 12-13 um).

* ***Atactorhynchus verecundus*** Chandler, 1935

***Floridosentis***

* ***Floridosentis mugilis*** (Machado-Filho, 1951)
* ***Floridosentis pacifica*** Bravo-Hollis, 1969

***Tanaorhamphus***

* ***Tanaorhamphus longirostris*** (Van Cleave, 1913)

### Eocollinae Petrochenko, 1956

***Eocollis*** Van Cleve, 1947

* ***Eocollis arcanus*** Van Cleve, 1947
* ***Eocollis catostomi*** Buckner, 1992
* ***Eocollis harengulae*** Wang, 1981

### Gracilisentinae Petrochenko, 1956

***Gracilisentis*** Van Cleave, 1919

* ***Gracilisentis gracilisentis*** (Van Cleave, 1913)
* ***Gracilisentis mugilis*** Gupta and Lata, 1967
* ***Gracilisentis sharmai*** (Gupta and Lata, 1967)
* ***Gracilisentis variabilis*** (Diesing, 1856)

***Pandosentis*** Van Cleve, 1920

* ***Pandosentis iracundus*** Van Cleve, 1920
* ***Pandosentis napoensis*** Smales, 2007

***Wolffhugelia*** Mane-Garzon and Dei-Cas, 1974

* ***Wolffhugelia matercula*** Mane-Garzon and Dei-Cas, 1974

### Neoechinorhynchinae Ward, 1917

* *Dispiron* Bilqees, 1970
	+ *Dispiron catlai* Khan and Bilqees, 1987
	+ *Dispiron heteroacanthus* Khan and Bilqees, 1985
	+ *Dispiron mugili* Bilqees, 1970
* *Gorytocephalus* Nickol and Thatcher, 1971
	+ *Gorytocephalus elongorchis* Thatcher, 1979
	+ *Gorytocephalus plecostomorum* Nickol and Thatcher, 1971
	+ *Gorytocephalus spectabilis* (Machado-Filho, 1959)
	+ *Gorytocephalus talaensis* Vizcaino and Lunaschi, 1988
* *Hexaspiron* Dollfus and Golvan, 1956
	+ *Hexaspiron nigericum* Dollfus and Golvan, 1956
	+ *Hexaspiron spinibarbi* Yu and Wang, 1977
* *Microsentis* Martin and Multani, 1966
	+ *Microsentis wardae* Martin and Multani, 1966
* *Neoechinorhynchus* Stiles and Hassall, 1905
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus afghanus* Moravec and Amin, 1978
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus aldrichettae* Edmonds, 1971
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus ampullata* Amin, Ha and Ha, 2011
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus argentatus* Chandra, Hanumantha-Rao and Shyamasundari, 1984
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus bangoni* Tripathi, 1959
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus brayi* Bilqees, Shaikh and Khan, 2011
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus cirrhinae* Gupta and Jain, 1979
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus coiliae* Yamaguti, 1939
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus cyanophyctis* Kaw, 1951
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus devdevi* (Datta, 1936)
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus glyptosternumi* Fotedar and Dhar, 1977
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus hartwichi* Golvan, 1994
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus hutchinsoni* Datta, 1936
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus ichthyobori* Saoud, El-naffar, Abu-sinna, 1974
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus indicus* Gudivada, Chikkam and Vankara, 2010
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus karachiensis* Bilgees, 1972
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus logilemniscus* Yamaguti, 1954
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus magnus* Southwell and Macfie, 1925
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus mexicoensis* Pinacho-Pinacho, Sereno-Uribe and García-Varela, 2014
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus nematalosi* Tripathi, 1959
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus nigeriensis* Farooqi, 1981
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus ningalooensis* Pichelin and Cribb, 2001
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus octonucleatus* Tubangui, 1933
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus oreini* Fotedar, 1968
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus ovalis* Tripathi, 1959
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus personatus* Tkach, Sarabeev and Shvetsova, 2014
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus roonwali* Datta and Soota, 1963
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus saginatus* Van Cleave and Bangham, 1949
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus simansularis* Roytman, 1961
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus topseyi* Podder, 1937
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus tsintaoense* Morisita, 1937
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus veropesoi* Melo, Costa, Giese, Gardner and Santos, 2015
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus yamagutii* Tkach, Sarabeev and Shvetsova, 2014
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus zacconis* Yamaguti, 1935
	+ *Hebesoma* Van Cleave, 1928
		- *Neoechinorhynchus agilis* (Rudolphi, 1819)
		- *Neoechinorhynchus anguillum* El-Damarany, 2001
		- *Neoechinorhynchus carinatus* Buckner and Buckner, 1993
		- *Neoechinorhynchus chrysemydis* Cable and Hopp, 1954
		- *Neoechinorhynchus didelphis* Amin, 2001
		- *Neoechinorhynchus doryphorus* Van Cleqve and Bangham, 1949
		- *Neoechinorhynchus idahoensis* Amin and Heckmann, 1992
		- *Neoechinorhynchus kallarensis* George and Nadakal, 1978
		- *Neoechinorhynchus lingulatus* Nickol and Ernst, 1987
		- *Neoechinorhynchus manasbalensis* Kaw, 1951
		- *Neoechinorhynchus manubrianus* Amin, Ha and Ha, 2011
		- *Neoechinorhynchus pungitius* Dechtiar, 1971
		- *Neoechinorhynchus rostratus* Amin and Bullock, 1998
		- *Neoechinorhynchus spiramuscularis* Amin, Heckmann and Ha, 2014
		- *Neoechinorhynchus violentus* (Van Cleave, 1928)
	+ *Neoechinorhynchus* Hamann, 1892
		- *Neoechinorhynchus acanthuri* Farooqi, 1980
		- *Neoechinorhynchus africanus* Troncy, 1970
		- *Neoechinorhynchus armenicus* Mikailov, 1975
		- *Neoechinorhynchus ascus* Amin, Ha and Ha, 2011
		- *Neoechinorhynchus australis* Van Cleave, 1931
		- *Neoechinorhynchus brentnickoli* Monks, Pulido-Flores and Violante-Gonzalez, 2011
		- *Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae* Golvan, 1956
		- *Neoechinorhynchus carassii* Roytmann, 1961
		- *Neoechinorhynchus carpiodi* Dechtiar, 1968
		- *Neoechinorhynchus chelonos* Schmidt, Esch, and Gibbons, 1970
		- *Neoechinorhynchus chilkaense* Podder, 1937
		- *Neoechinorhynchus chimalapasensis* Salgado-Maldonado, 2010
		- *Neoechinorhynchus crassus* Van Cleave, 1919
		- *Neoechinorhynchus cristatus* Lynch, 1936
		- *Neoechinorhynchus curemai* Noronha, 1973
		- *Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus* (Van Cleave, 1913)
		- *Neoechinorhynchus dattai* Golvan, 1994
		- *Neoechinorhynchus dimorphospinus* Amin and Sey, 1996
		- *Neoechinorhynchus distractus* Van Cleave, 1949
		- *Neoechinorhynchus dorsovaginatus* Amin and Christison, 2005
		- *Neoechinorhynchus edmondsi* Golvan, 1994
		- *Neoechinorhynchus emydis* (Leidy, 1851)
		- *Neoechinorhynchus emyditoides* Fisher, 1960
		- *Neoechinorhynchus formosanus* Harada, 1938
		- *Neoechinorhynchus gibsoni* Khan and Bilqees, 1989
		- *Neoechinorhynchus golvani* Salgado-maldonado, 197
		- *Neoechinorhynchus iraqensis* Amin, Al-Sady, Mhaisen and Bassat, 2001
		- *Neoechinorhynchus johnii* Yamaguti, 1939
		- *Neoechinorhynchus limi* Muzzall and Buckner, 1982
		- *Neoechinorhynchus macronucleatus* Machado, 1954
		- *Neoechinorhynchus magnapapillatus* Johnson, 1969
		- *Neoechinorhynchus mamesi* Pinacho-Pinacho, Pérez-Ponce de León and García-Varela, 2012
		- *Neoechinorhynchus moleri* Barger, 2005
		- *Neoechinorhynchus nawazi* Naqvil, Aly Khan, Ghazi and Noor-un-Nissa, 2012
		- *Neoechinorhynchus nickoli* Khan, Bilqees, Noor-Un-Nisa, Ghazi and Ata-Ur-Rahim, 1999
		- *Neoechinorhynchus notemigoni* Dechtiar, 1967
		- *Neoechinorhynchus panucensis* Salgado-Maldonado, 2013
		- *Neoechinorhynchus paraguayensis* Machado-Filho, 1959
		- *Neoechinorhynchus pimelodi* de Carvalho and Cezar-Pavanelli, 1998
		- *Neoechinorhynchus plagiognathoptis* Wang and Zhang, 1987
		- *Neoechinorhynchus plaquensis* Amin, Ha and Ha, 2011
		- *Neoechinorhynchus prochilodorum* Nickol and Thatcher, 1971
		- *Neoechinorhynchus prolixoides* Bullock, 1963
		- *Neoechinorhynchus prolixus* Van Cleave and Timmons, 1952
		- *Neoechinorhynchus pseudemydis* Cable and Hopp, 1954
		- *Neoechinorhynchus pterodoridis* Thatcher, 1981
		- *Neoechinorhynchus qatarensis* Amin, Saoud and Alkuwari, 2002
		- *Neoechinorhynchus quinghaiensis* Liu, Wang, and Yang, 1981
		- *Neoechinorhynchus rigidus* (Van Cleave, 1928)
		- *Neoechinorhynchus robertbaueri* Amin, 1985
		- *Neoechinorhynchus roseum* Salgado and Maldonado, 1978
		- *Neoechinorhynchus rutili* (Mueller, 1780)
		- *Neoechinorhynchus salmonis* Ching, 1984
		- *Neoechinorhynchus saurogobi* Yu and Wu, 1989
		- *Neoechinorhynchus schmidti* Barger, Thatcher and Nickol, 2004
		- *Neoechinorhynchus sootai* Bhattacharya, 1999
		- *Neoechinorhynchus strigosus* Van Cleave, 1949
		- *Neoechinorhynchus stunkardi* Cable and Fisher, 1961
		- *Neoechinorhynchus tenellus* (Van Cleave, 1913)
		- *Neoechinorhynchus tumidus* Van Cleave and Bangham, 1949
		- *Neoechinorhynchus tylosuri* Yamaguti, 1939
		- *Neoechinorhynchus venustus* Lynch, 1936
		- *Neoechinorhynchus villoldoi* Vizcaino, 1992
		- *Neoechinorhynchus wuyiensis* Wang, 1981
		- *Neoechinorhynchus zabensis* Amin, Abdullah and Mhaisen, 2003
		- *Neoechinorhynchus yalei* (Datta, 1936)
* *Octospinifer* Van Cleave, 1919
	+ *Octospinifer macilentus* Van Cleave, 1919
	+ *Octospinifer rohitaii* Zuberi and Farooqi, 1976
	+ *Octospinifer torosus* Van Cleave and Haderlie, 1950
	+ *Octospinifer variabilis* (Deising, 1851)
* *Octospiniferoides* Bullock, 1957
	+ *Octospiniferoides australis* Schmidt and Hugghins, 1973
	+ *Octospiniferoides chandleri* Bullock, 1957
	+ *Octospiniferoides incognita* Schmidt and Hugghins, 1973
* *Paraechinorhynchus* Bilqees and Khan, 1983
	+ *Paraechinorhynchus kalriai* Bilqees and Khan, 1983
* *Paulisentis* Van Cleave and Bangham, 1949
	+ *Paulisentis fractus* Van Cleave and Bangham, 1949
	+ *Paulisentis missouriensis* Keppner, 1974
* *Zeylonechinorhynchus* Fernando and Furtado, 1963
	+ *Zeylonechinorhynchus longinuchalis* Fernando and Furtado, 1963

## Hosts

*Neoechinorhynchidae* species parasitize fish.

## Notes

1. **^** A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than the present genus.
2. **^** The genus Neoechinorhynchus has two subgenera: Hebesoma and Neoechinorhynchus