照明控制系统设计，第四部分：深化设计

### EDUCATION CREDIT

At the end of this course, participants will be able to complete an online exam, with a passing grade of 70+% to qualify for CALCTP (CALCTP), NLCAA (NLCAA) and LEU (NCQLP) credit and 80+% for LU/HSW hours (AIA/CES). Upon a passing grade, you will be able to download a Certificate of Completion for each type of credits. For CALCTP, NLCAA and LC certification maintenance (LEUs), credits are self-reported. For AIA /CES, Lighting Controls Association will report credit earned for this course to AIA CES.

### 教育信贷

在本课程结束时，学员将能够完成在线考试，以70%的及格率获得CALCTP（CALCTP）、NLCAA（NLCAA）和LEU（NCQLP）学分，以及80%的LU/HSW学时（AIA/CES）。一旦你的成绩及格，你就可以下载每种学分的结业证书。对于CALCTP、NLCAA和LC认证维护（LEUs），学分是自报的。对于AIA/CES，照明控制协会将向AIA CES报告本课程的学分.

### NO ENDORSEMENT BY ACCREDITING ORGANIZATIONS

This course is registered with NCQLP and AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by these organizations of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.

### 没有认可机构的认可

本课程在NCQLP和AIA CES注册，用于继续专业教育。因此，它不包括可能被视为或解释为这些组织对任何施工材料或任何处理、使用、分发或处理任何材料或产品的方法或方式的批准或认可的内容。

### COPYRIGHT

This presentation is protected by US and International copyright laws.  Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the Lighting Controls Association is prohibited.

### 版权

本演示文稿受美国和国际版权法保护。未经照明控制协会书面许可，禁止复制、分发、展示和使用本演示文稿。

### DISCLAIMER

The information contained in this course has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. Damages arising from errors, omissions or damages as a result of the use or misuse of the data or information contained in this course are not the responsibility of the Lighting Controls Association, National Electrical Manufacturers Association, ZING Communications, Inc. or their employees or members. All information contained in this course is published for professionals seeking information about the subjects contained therein. It is not the intent of this course provide professional services such as design, engineering or consulting. If these services are sought, they should be rendered by properly trained, registered, regulated and insured professionals.

### 免责声明

本课程所包含的资料是从可靠来源取得的。因使用或误用本课程所含数据或信息而导致的错误、遗漏或损坏，照明控制协会、美国电气制造商协会、ZING Communications，Inc或其员工或成员概不负责。本课程所包含的所有信息都是为专业人士发布的，这些专业人士需要了解其中包含的主题。本课程的目的不是提供设计、工程或咨询等专业服务。如果寻求这些服务，则应由经过适当培训、注册、监管和投保的专业人员提供。

### COURSE DESCRIPTION

Now that the load is established by control zone, the design development phase continues with equipment selection and layout. During this phase, specific lighting and control products are selected and located on the plans, and documentation produced describing the design and functionality of the lighting control system. Primary goals during this phase include:
·Provide a reliable, correctly operating system that satisfies owner project requirements
·Minimize energy consumption
·Provide lighting control flexibility where it is needed
·Design a system that is non-intrusive, convenient to use, and simple to maintain
·Bring the project in on time and within budget
·Meet the requirements of all applicable building electrical, life/safety and energy codes
Lighting Control System Design, Part 4: Design Development identifies common deliverables in a finished lighting control system design, including load schedule single-line riser diagram, equipment specifications, panel schedules, device settings, and functional testing and acceptance criteria. Participants will use this information to create a finished design and specifications for a lighting control system.
Image courtesy of WattStopper

### 课程描述

现在负荷已由控制区确定，设计开发阶段将继续进行设备选择和布局。在这一阶段，将选择特定的照明和控制产品，并将其放置在平面图上，并生成描述照明控制系统设计和功能的文件。该阶段的主要目标包括：
·提供满足业主项目要求的可靠、正确的操作系统
·降低能耗
·在需要时提供照明控制灵活性
·设计一个无干扰、使用方便、维护简单的系统
·在预算内按时完成项目
·满足所有适用的建筑电气、生命/安全和能源规范的要求
照明控制系统设计，第4部分：设计开发确定完成照明控制系统设计中的常见交付物，包括负荷一览表单线立管图、设备规范、面板一览表、装置设置以及功能测试和验收标准。参与者将使用这些信息来创建照明控制系统的最终设计和规范。
图片由WattStopper提供

### LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of the course, participants will be able to:
·recognize common deliverables in a finished lighting control system design, including the load schedule, single-line riser diagrams, equipment specifications, lighting and electrical panel schedules, device settings and functional testing and acceptance criteria.
·recognize the basic elements of a lighting control system and be able to select each element to create an effective overall solution for the project.
·have a general knowledge of critical aspects of lighting control equipment, including system intelligence, system architecture and protocols.
·have the general knowledge they need to begin a finished design and specifications for a lighting control system.

### 学习目标

课程结束后，学员将能够：课程结束后，学员将能够：
·识别完成的照明控制系统设计中的常见交付物，包括负荷一览表、单线立管图、设备规范、照明和配电盘一览表、设备设置和功能测试及验收标准。
·认识照明控制系统的基本要素，并能够选择每个要素，为项目创建一个有效的整体解决方案。
·对照明控制设备的关键方面有基本的了解，包括系统智能、系统架构和协议。
·具备开始完成照明控制系统设计和规范所需的一般知识。

### THE LOAD SCHEDULE

After zoning the lighting design based on the floorplan and owner project requirements, the next step is to characterize the lighting load in each zone. This information includes location (floor and room as related to building site/drawings), lighting types (fixture and light source), load size (wattage), voltage, circuit number, feed (normal or emergency power), and whether the load must be dimmable. Any other loads that will need to be controlled should be identified, such as shade/blind motors.

### 负荷表

根据平面布置图和业主项目要求对照明设计进行分区后，下一步是确定每个分区的照明负荷。这些信息包括位置（与建筑现场/图纸相关的楼层和房间）、照明类型（灯具和光源）、负载大小（瓦数）、电压、电路编号、馈电（正常或应急电源），以及负载是否必须可调光。应确定需要控制的任何其他负载，如遮光/遮光电机。

### SELECTING CONTROL EQUIPMENT

The level of precision and flexibility required from the lighting control system as reflected in its zoning, in turn driven by owner project requirements, will reveal appropriate equipment solutions.
As with any other type of electrical equipment, selection will be governed by ranked considerations such as product quality and features, reliability, pricing, warranty, manufacturer reputation, and service and support.
Note that despite similarities across products, many manufacturers have distinctive capabilities and approaches, particularly in regards to more sophisticated control systems.

### 选择控制设备

照明控制系统要求的精度和灵活性水平反映在其分区中，反过来又受业主项目要求的驱动，这将揭示适当的设备解决方案。
与任何其他类型的电气设备一样，选择将根据产品质量和特性、可靠性、定价、保修、制造商声誉以及服务和支持等排序考虑因素进行管理。
请注意，尽管产品之间有相似之处，但许多制造商都有独特的能力和方法，特别是在更复杂的控制系统方面。

### SELECTING CONTROL EQUIPMENT

It is useful to consider the control system as a series of inputs and outputs. Inputs define requests for a change to the power status of the load or information that may result in a change.
These inputs are provided manually by users (e.g., manual switches and dimmers) or automatically by control devices or functionality (e.g., occupancy sensors, timeclock/programming, photosensors).
Outputs define the resulting change to the power status of the load, which may include switching or dimming.

### 选择控制设备

把控制系统看作一系列输入和输出是有用的。输入定义了更改负载电源状态的请求或可能导致更改的信息。
这些输入由用户手动提供（如手动开关和调光器），或由控制装置或功能（如占用传感器、时钟/编程、光电传感器）自动提供。
输出定义负载电源状态的变化，可能包括开关或调光。

### THE CONTROLLER

The controller responds to control input signals by controlling the flow of power to the load. This is the primary control point and may reside in an enclosure or digital ballast. A common example is a relay in a low-voltage control panel, which receives a signal input via low-voltage wiring from a control device and subsequently acts upon the load via a line-voltage output.
Image courtesy of New Buildings Institute

### 控制器

控制器通过控制负载的功率流来响应控制输入信号。这是主控制点，可能位于外壳或数字镇流器中。一个常见的例子是低压控制面板中的继电器，它从控制装置接收通过低压线路输入的信号，然后通过线路电压输出作用于负载。

### RELATING THE CONTROLLER TO THE LOAD

The load, accounting for low-voltage transformer losses if applicable, should not exceed the controller's power rating designated for the given electrical feed voltage. The fixture wattage will help determine how many fixtures can be powered by each controller output, with the total load in the control zone being used to determine the number of outputs.
Additionally, it is generally recommended that all lamps powered by a single dimmer control should be the same type, wattage and brand. Similarly, all ballasts operated by a single control should be the same brand and model. All lamps and ballasts should be compatible, and the ballast should be compatible with the controller. If necessary, select appropriate components and test the integrated design to ensure it will satisfy requirements.
Image courtesy of Philips Lighting Electronics

### 使控制器与负载相关

考虑到低压变压器损耗（如适用）的负载不应超过给定供电电压下控制器的额定功率。夹具瓦数将有助于确定每个控制器输出可以为多少个设备供电，控制区域中的总负载用于确定输出的数量。
此外，一般建议由一个调光器控制器供电的所有灯具的类型、功率和品牌应相同。同样，由一个控制器操作的所有镇流器应为同一品牌和型号。所有灯具和镇流器应兼容，镇流器应与控制器兼容。如有必要，选择适当的部件并测试集成设计，以确保其满足要求。
图片由飞利浦照明电子公司提供

### PLACING THE CONTROLLER

The controller may be placed within a centralized, distributed or hybrid system. In a centralized system, control zones are created by hardwiring jumpers within a control panel or via a panel display (or computer), typically installed in a central location such as an electrical room. This approach is particularly well suited to simple control needs. In a distributed system, the control point is located closer to the load, reducing wiring homeruns and potentially eliminating the need for centralized equipment, particularly well suited to more complex projects requiring highly granular zoning. In a hybrid system, both approaches are used based on different load needs within the project. Below is an example. The top image shows a project controlled by a centralized system, and the bottom image shows the project controlled by a distributed system.

Images courtesy of WattStopper

放置控制器

控制器可置于集中、分布式或混合系统中。在集中式系统中，控制区由控制面板内的硬接线跳线或通过面板显示器（或计算机）创建，通常安装在中心位置，如电气室。这种方法特别适合于简单的控制需求。在分布式系统中，控制点位于更靠近负载的位置，从而减少了布线家庭作业，并可能消除了对集中式设备的需要，特别适合于需要高度细粒度分区的更复杂的项目。在混合系统中，这两种方法都是根据项目中不同的负载需求而使用的。下面是一个例子。上图显示了一个由集中系统控制的项目，下图显示了由分布式系统控制的项目。

### SYSTEM INTELLIGENCE

Intelligence defines the ability of a control device or system to execute decision making and resides between the input and output functions. For example, the control system may include an algorithm that receives a signal about light level from a photosensor, and subsequently decides to control the load and by how much. Intelligence also enables the system to be programmed to execute future decisions on a time schedule.
It may be centralized at a central location such as a panel, regulating the entire system, or distributed, with each device in the system able to be programmed and function independently. This intelligence is accessed by the operator via a display on the device or panel or remotely using a computer loaded with appropriate software.
Image courtesy of Sensor Switch

### 系统智能

智能定义了控制设备或系统执行决策的能力，并存在于输入和输出功能之间。例如，控制系统可以包括一种算法，该算法从光传感器接收关于光的电平的信号，然后决定控制负载和控制负载量。智能化还使系统能够被编程以按时间表执行未来的决策。
它可以集中在一个中央位置，如面板，调节整个系统，或分布式，系统中的每个设备都可以独立编程和运行。操作员可通过设备或面板上的显示器或使用装有适当软件的计算机远程访问该智能。
图像由传感器开关提供

以下内容由124-王勇翻译

### CONTROL DEVICES

Control devices, also generally described as auxiliary or accessory devices, provide inputs into the system. This may include manual switches and dimming control stations, occupancy sensors and photosensors. It may also include intelligence integrated into a control panel, signals emitted by a computer, and signals from other building systems such as security and building automation systems.
For more information about controllers and control devices, visit appropriate courses in Education Express covering these areas.
Image courtesy of Hubbell Building Automation, Lutron Electronics, HUNT Dimming and Philips Controls

### 控制装置

控制装置，通常也被描述为辅助或辅助装置，向系统提供输入。这可能包括手动开关和调光控制站、占用传感器和光电传感器。它还可能包括集成到控制面板中的智能、计算机发出的信号以及来自其他建筑系统（如安全和楼宇自动化系统）的信号。
有关控制器和控制设备的更多信息，请访问Education Express中涵盖这些领域的适当课程。
图片由Hubbell Building Automation、Lutron Electronics、HUNT Dimming和Philips Controls提供

### SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Another key design decision is how to connect all of the devices in the system. In a traditional control system, the basic building block of control zoning is the lighting circuit or subcircuit, with sizing limited by the load-carrying capacity of the circuit or switch/dimmer. Zoning and rezoning is implemented via hardwiring.
Digital control architecture, in which control devices are connected within a single low-volte wiring bus, offers a more elegant solution ideal for complex projects. It offers the benefit of soft terminations, with zoning/rezoning implemented via software, and with zoning as small as a single fixture. Calibration can occur remotely via software. Layered zoning can be achieved economically, enabling multiple control strategies. As digital systems typically offer bi-way communication, monitoring is a potential capability for maintenance and energy data collection. In the case of digital ballasts and some digital controllers, actual data can be recorded. With some controllers, it is estimated.
Image courtesy of Sensor Switch

### 系统架构

另一个关键的设计决策是如何连接系统中的所有设备。在传统控制系统中，控制分区的基本组成部分是照明电路或子电路，其大小取决于电路或开关/调光器的负载能力。分区和重新分区通过硬接线实现。
数字控制架构，其中控制设备连接在一个单一的低压布线总线，提供了一个更优雅的解决方案，非常适合复杂的项目。它提供了软终端的好处，通过软件实现分区/重新分区，分区小到单个设备。校准可以通过软件远程进行。分层分区可以经济地实现，实现多种控制策略。由于数字系统通常提供双向通信，监测是维护和能源数据收集的潜在能力。在数字镇流器和一些数字控制器的情况下，可以记录实际数据。对于一些控制器，估计是这样的。
图像由传感器开关提供

### PROTOCOLS

Lighting control devices must be compatible with the load and each other. For devices to interact, they must be designed based on the same protocol (a standard set of rules or guidelines enabling communication) or utilize some form of gateway functionality as a bridge.
Analog protocols enable one-way distribution of data, while digital protocols (DALI or proprietary) are typically bi-way, enabling data exchange.
Open protocols are public industry standards, while proprietary protocols are particular to a single manufacturer, and some proprietary protocols are made available to other manufacturers, in some cases becoming a de facto open standard.

### 协议

照明控制装置必须与负载和彼此兼容。对于要交互的设备，它们必须基于相同的协议（一组支持通信的标准规则或准则）进行设计，或者利用某种形式的网关功能作为桥梁。
模拟协议支持数据的单向分发，而数字协议（DALI或专有协议）通常是双向的，可以进行数据交换。
开放协议是公共的行业标准，而专有协议是一个制造商特有的，一些专有协议可以提供给其他制造商，在某些情况下成为事实上的开放标准。

### EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS

The designer will produce equipment specifications and cut sheets for the selected control equipment. These documents describe all of the products used on the project and their desired minimum performance. Specified information may include:
·conceptual design (basis of design, expressed as written controls narrative);
·reference to industry standards and codes;
·detailed load schedule;
·performance requirements;
·device settings;
·compatibility and interoperability;
·criteria for acceptance of "equal" alternatives;
·acceptance criteria for functional testing; and
·warranty and training.
Image courtesy of Cooper Controls

### 设备规范

设计师将为选定的控制设备制作设备规格和切割图。这些文件描述了项目中使用的所有产品及其期望的最低性能。指定信息可能包括：
·概念设计（设计基础，以书面控制叙述形式表达）；
·参考行业标准和规范；
·详细的负荷计划；
·性能要求；
·设备设置；
·兼容性和互操作性；
·接受“同等”备选方案的标准；
·功能测试的验收标准；以及
·保修和培训。
图片由Cooper Controls提供

### SINGLE-LINE RISER DIAGRAMS

Another important document to be produced during design development is the single-line riser diagram, also called a one-line wiring diagram or wiring plan, which provides a visual description of the topology of the lighting control system, revealing all elements of the system and how they are connected.
This includes panels, auxiliary devices, control wiring/cabling, conduit/raceways, feeders/power source, normal of emergency source, and integration points with other building systems, all identified by location.
The diagram is created during construction documentation or shop drawings and is used by the contractor for bidding and installation and by the owner for maintenance.
Image courtesy of WattStopper

### 单线立管图

 在设计开发过程中要制作的另一个重要文件是单线立管图，也称为单线布线图或布线图，它提供照明控制系统拓扑结构的直观描述，揭示系统的所有元件及其连接方式。
这包括面板、辅助设备、控制布线/布线、导管/电缆管道、馈线/电源、正常应急电源以及与其他建筑系统的集成点，所有这些都通过位置标识。
该图是在施工文件或施工图中创建的，供承包商用于投标和安装以及业主用于维护。

图片由WattStopper提供

### LIGHTING AND ELECTRICAL PANEL SCHEDULES

Another important document to be given to the owner upon system turnover is the panel schedule, which expresses which loads are assigned to specific switches and dimmers in the panel, the size of these loads, and other electrical information. It may also detail a time schedule for automatic control actions.
Image courtesy of Cooper Controls

### 照明和配电盘一览表

在系统移交时，应向业主提供的另一份重要文件是配电盘一览表，其中说明了分配给配电盘中特定开关和调光器的负荷、这些负荷的大小以及其他电气信息。它还可以详细说明自动控制动作的时间表。
图片由Cooper Controls提供

### DEVICE SETTINGS

Device settings must be documented for startup, calibration, programming and maintenance purposes. These settings include time schedules for control systems, time delay and sensitivity adjustments for occupancy sensors, light level setpoints, integrated dimmer presets, and other calibration and programming.
Initial settings should be specified and final settings, after fine tuning in the field, should be recorded and turned over to the owner.
Image courtesy of Schneider Electric

### 设备设置

必须记录设备设置，以便于启动、校准、编程和维护。这些设置包括控制系统的时间安排、占用传感器的时间延迟和灵敏度调整、亮度设置点、集成调光器预设以及其他校准和编程。
应指定初始设置，在现场微调后，应记录最终设置并交给业主。
图片由施耐德电气提供

### FUNCTIONAL TESTING AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

Finally, the specifications should include functional tests along with criteria for acceptance. This information will be used by the commissioning authority and electrical contractor to test the system after installation.
Image courtesy of Leviton

### 功能测试和验收标准

最后，规范应包括功能测试和验收标准。调试机构和电气承包商将使用这些信息在安装后测试系统。
图片由Leviton提供

### YOU’RE FINISHED

This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course Lighting Control System Design, Part 4: Design Development.
Please take a moment to provide feedback about your experience with this course.
You may also take the Comprehension Test to test your learning and to qualify for LEU (NCQLP LC) and LU/HSW (AIA CES) credit. A 70+% passing grade is required for LEU credit and 80+% for AIA CES credit. Upon passing the test, you may download a Certificate of Completion on the Courses page. If you are an AIA member, please email your course completion certificate to LCA with your AIA number.

### 工作完成

本文总结了美国建筑师学会继续教育系统课程照明控制系统设计，第4部分：设计开发。
请花一点时间就您在本课程中的经验提供反馈。
你也可以参加综合测试来测试你的学习，并有资格获得LEU（NCQLP LC）和LU/HSW（AIA CES）学分。LEU学分需要70%以上的及格分数，AIA CES学分需要80%以上的及格分数。通过考试后，你可以在课程页面下载结业证书。如果您是友邦保险会员，请将您的课程结业证书连同您的友邦保险号码电邮给LCA。