recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Isu

**The Isu** (or **Those Who Came Before**, the **First Civilization**, or the **Precursors**) are an ancient and highly-advanced species of humanoid beings who were active on Earth several millennia before the rise of even the most ancient human civilizations in the Assassin's Creed Universe. The Isu created powerful artifacts and weapons that augmented their already superhuman abilities, and created the human race itself.

The Isu ruled over Earth roughly 77,000 years ago, before they were largely wiped out, alongside their human creations, during a great war with them. Their legacy would live on for thousands of years through myth and legend via many human religions. Their artifacts were desired by both the Templar Order and the Assassin Brotherhood, who waged a war of their own for control of them.

The Isu possessed six senses, the sixth being referred to simply as 'knowledge'. The Isu were also a highly technologically advanced and powerful race that some to predict and attempt to influence possible futures. Some individuals stood a full 20 inches taller than human. Although the Isu had a naturally longer lifespan, they were not immortal.
Gravitational Singularity

A **gravitational singularity**, **spacetime singularity** or just **singularity** is a "place or time" in which gravity is so intense that spacetime breaks.

A singularity in general relativity is weird:

* a geodesic (a "line" in curved spacetime) is incomplete and gets terminated, and spacetime curvature becomes infinite.
* stars collapsing beyond a certain point (the Schwarzschild radius) would form a black hole, inside which an infinite density and zero volume singularity (covered by an event horizon) would be formed.
* The initial state of the universe, at the beginning of the Big Bang, is also predicted to have been a singularity.
Moleculartronic computer

A **moleculartronic computer** stores information in the form of arrays of forced quantum electron states inside custom-built molecules, making it a combination of quantum computing and nanotechnology. This makes complex processing tasks almost instantaneous and increases the level of parallelism by orders of magnitude.

The idea behind moleculartronics is to create a new class of electronic devices that would be much smaller and more energy-efficient than traditional electronic devices based on silicon transistors. It uses the properties of individual molecules to perform basic logic operations, such as AND and OR, to create simple circuits. It will control and manipulate individual molecules in order to use them as electronic components. Scanning probe microscopy can be used to manipulate individual molecules, or chemical synthesis can create molecules with specific electronic properties.
MEMS

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is the technology of microscopic devices with moving parts. They merge at the nanoscale into nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) and nanotechnology.

They usually consist of a central unit that processes data (an integrated circuit chip such as microprocessor) and several components that interact with the surroundings (such as sensors).

MEMS sensor generations:

* 1st Generation - mostly based on a silicon structure
* 2nd Generation - analog-to-digital converter on one chip
* 3rd Generation - fusion of analog amplification, analog-to-digital converter and digital intelligence on one chip
* 4th Generation - memory cells and temperature compensation data are added to the 3rd generation

Some applications:

* Inkjet printers, which use piezoelectrics or thermal bubble ejection to deposit ink on paper.
* Accelerometers in cars and consumer electronics devices such as game controllers, smartphones, digital cameras and PCs to park the hard disk head when free-fall is detected to prevent damage and data loss.
* Microphones in smartphones, wearable devices, smart home and automotive applications.
* Microoptoelectromechanical systems (MOEMS), also known as optical MEMS, are integrations of mechanical, optical, and electrical systems. Used for optical switching technology.
* Medical technologies such as biosensor or chemosensor, or embedded in medical devices e.g. stents.
* Interferometric modulator display (IMOD) applications in consumer electronics
* Speakers in earphones and hearing aids
* Oscillators
* Probe microscopes and atomic force microscopes
* Smart dust is a system of many sensors, robots, or other devices, that can detect light, temperature, vibration, magnetism, or chemicals.
* Neural dust are wirelessly powered nerve sensors used as brain–computer interfaces. The sensors may be used to study, monitor, or control the nerves and muscles and to remotely monitor neural activity. A medical treatment could introduce thousands of neural dust devices into human brains.
* Carbon nanotubes act as interconnects as well as transistors to serve as electrical components of NEMS.
* Millipede memory, with data density of more than 1 terabit per square inch, is used in flash media.
Galaxy

A **galaxy** is a gravitationally bound system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter that come in elliptical, spiral, or irregular shapes. There can be millions, billions or trillions of stars in a a galaxy. A collection of galaxies is a *supercluster* and galaxy *filaments* are the largest known structures in the universe, consisting of walls of gravitationally bound galaxy superclusters. These massive, thread-like formations can stretch 160 to 260 million light-years and form the boundaries between large voids. The existence of voids and clusters requires about 70% dark energy, consistent with data from the cosmic microwave background. A universe contains all known galaxies. The observable universe contains about 2 trillion galaxies.
Humans (The Songs of Distant Earth)

*The Songs of Distant Earth* is a 1986 science fiction novel by Arthur C. Clarke.

In the 3800s a faraway oceanic planet of Thalassa has a small human population sent there by embryonic seed pods to continue the human race before the Earth was destroyed. Thalassans are quiet, stable, and free from religion, supernatural influence, monogamy and sexual possessiveness. This is all disrupted with the arrival of the *Magellan*, an interstellar spaceship from Earth containing one million colonists who have been put into cryonic suspension. The arrival of the visitors from Earth is a monumental event for the easygoing Thalassans, who never expected to see or hear from any other human beings.

The visitors explain that scientists in the 1960s discover that the neutrino emissions from the Sun will cause it to become nova around the year AD 3600. So humanity had to develop advanced technologies to send out seeding ships containing human and other mammalian embryos and stored DNA sequences, along with robot parents, to habitable planets. One such ship was sent to Thalassa and successfully established a human colony in the year 3109. A quantum drive (propelled by ZPE) allowed a fleet of manned interstellar vehicles, including the *Magellan* which escaped the Earth three years before the Sun exploded, taking off from a space elevator.

The rest of the story is about the relationship between the visitors and the Thalassans, and sea scorpions in the Thalassan oceans that may have the potential for developing into a future intelligent species.
Hyperverse

The **Hyperverse** contains dimensions from 12 to infinity. This is beyond the omniverse and is higher-dimensional or hyper-dimensional space.

A multidimension can have between 12 and 26 dimensions which is the upper limit for string theory.

A megadimension contains greater than 26 dimensions with countless bridges or subspace conduits between the dimensions.

An omnidimension contains ALL dimensions up to infinity, including infinite-dimensional Hilbert space.

The hyperverse is still within reality but outside the outerverse. Beyond the hyperverse is surreality, the transition between reality and non-reality.
Extinction Level Event

An **Extinction Level Event** (**ELE** or **mass extinction** or **biotic crisis**) is a widespread and rapid decrease in the biodiversity on Earth or the home planet of a species. More than 99.9 percent of all the life-forms that have ever existed on the Earth have eventually become extinct. The Earth has already sustained five major extinction cycles, in which up to 90 percent of all life-forms vanished from the Earth. The Holocene extinction is now regarded as the sixth mass extinction, as in late 2021 the WWF suggested that over a million species could go extinct within a decade in the "largest mass extinction event since the end of the dinosaur age." Therefore, science and technology has to be used to change the fate of humanity.

Extinction is generally a Type 0 and Type I concern; however higher types may be almost fully eradicated by enemies.

As a Type II civilization expands aggressively using FTL and sprawls far beyond its government, it may regress into societal collapse and eventually a form of interstellar barbarism with little regard for life. Eventually each faction may adopt its own government and culture and evolve into a new species, leaving its origins long forgotten and effectively extinct.

Type III and beyond will have found instantaneous travel and spacetime manipulation, and so the problems of sprawl and uncontrolled government may be a thing of the past. They could become sophonts, be part of benevolent and civilized galactic or universal associations, and eventually ascend into higher level beings, effectively making their original species with its flawed genetic code extinct.

### Non-anthropogenic ELEs:

Planetary management and respecting planetary boundaries have been proposed as approaches to preventing ecological catastrophes. Solutions of this scope may require megascale engineering. Space colonization and becoming a multiplanetary species (starting with Mars) is an alternative to improve the odds of surviving an extinction scenario.

*"The dinosaurs became extinct because they didn’t have a space program. And if we become extinct because we don’t have a space program, it’ll serve us right."* — Larry Niven.
Foglet

A **foglet** is a microscopic robot with multiple arms protruding. At the end of the arms are grippers that allow the foglets to grasp one another to form larger structures. They are intelligent and can merge their computational capacities with one another to create a distributed intelligence. Foglets are used to create high level self-replicating systems.

See also:

Utility Fog
Light bulb

In an incandescent **light bulb**, an electric current passes through a filament, heating it to produce light. A glass enclosure prevents oxygen in the air from oxidizing and destroying the hot filament.

Thomas Edison was best known for his development of the light bulb because of the factors he helped to promote—a long-lasting filament, the use of a higher vacuum within the bulb than others were able to produce, and a power distribution system that would make the light bulb of practical value in buildings, streets, and communities. Edison’s carbonized filament of bamboo could emit light for more than 1,200 hours. Today, a filament made of tungsten wire is often used, and the bulb is filled with an inert gas such as argon to reduce evaporation of material from the filament. Coiled wires increase the efficiency.

Incandescent lights are inefficient because about 90% of the power consumed is converted to heat rather than visible light. Today, more efficient forms of light bulbs such as fluorescent lamps and LEDs are starting to replace them, with bulbs typically lasting up to 10 years.

### Impact

The simple incandescent bulb once replaced inefficient and dangerous lamps and candles. It was one of the inventions that changed the world forever, and for what Edison was the most famous. Today we cannot imagine a world without which a simple flick of a switch can instantly transform our surroundings from darkness into illumination.
Dimension

A **dimension** is a coordinate in reality. Thus, an n-dimensional object is one that needs at minimum n coordinates to specify a point of existence anywhere in it.

A brane is a physical object that generalizes the notion of a point particle to higher dimensions. For instance, a point particle can be viewed as a brane of dimension zero, while a string can be viewed as a brane of dimension one. The word "brane" comes from "membrane" which refers to a 2d brane. Branes such as a tesseract are used to conceptualize higher-level dimensional structures.

Becaused the graviton (the quantum of gravity) is the lightest particle known, at 1.07×10−67 kg, higher dimensions are rolled up into tiny, compactified loops. They are therefore undetectable until the science exists to view them.

Pocket Dimensions (subspace child matrices) are small extra pockets of space that are attached to our own. Much like an actual pocket, they are often used for some extra space where you can get things bigger on the inside. Examples are the Bag of Holding and the TARDIS.

Reality has infinite dimensions. Anything outside reality is unbound by dimensions and is sometimes referred to as "other-realmly". This wiki prefers to have all of existence defined by realms of different levels.

Glossary: intradimensional, interdimensional, extradimensional, transdimensional, unidimensional, multidimensional, megadimensional, paradimensional, omnidimensional

It should be noted here how the megaverse can have infinite dimensions, and yet the omniverse can include the megaverse, and the hyperverse can include the omniverse. Well, there are different sizes of infinity according to set theory. Set theory of transfinite numbers, absolute numbers and the continuum hypothesis talk about higher infinities, or sets that have larger infinities than their subsets. This relates to the number of dimensions in each verse.

The universe goes up to 4d, the multiverse 6d, the megaverse 7d to 11d (which is the first subset of infinity), the omniverse 11d (which has a higher infinity but includes the subset of the megaverse), and then the hyperverse which is greater than 11d up to an infinity of dimensions, of which the omniverse is a subset.
Absolute zero

**Absolute zero** is the lowest temperature possible at zero kelvins (−273.15° celcius), where the fundamental particles of nature have only zero-point energy particle motion via quantum fluctuations. Enthalpy, the total heat content of a particular system, is zero. Entropy, the disorderliness or change in enthalpy of a system, is zero or even nothing.

#### At temperatures close to absolute zero, matter exhibits quantum effects such as:

* Bose–Einstein condensate - the fifth state of matter
* superconductivity - where electrical resistance vanishes and magnetic flux fields are expelled from a material - used for example in powerful electromagnets and vactrains
* superfluidity - where a fluid has zero viscosity and therefore flows without any loss of kinetic energy - and can even flow uphill

**Cryogenics** is the production and behaviour of materials at very low temperatures, compared to **cryonics** which is the cryopreserving of humans and animals with the intention of future revival. Cryonics is used by the occupants of world ships travelling at sub-light speed where long journeys would outlive them and the technology for faster-than-light has not yet been invented.

The old laws of thermodynamics indicate that absolute zero cannot be reached. Once the quantum dimension is understood, technology achieving absolute zero is invented. Absolute zero is used in some perpetual motion devices.

See also:

Range from absolute zero to absolute hot
Guardians of Time

The **Guardians of Time**, or Guardians, or Council of Guardians, were masters of reality in the Doctor Who Universe, elemental forces embodying several aspects of the universe. Created by the Matrix Lords under Rassilon's guidance, they were the upper echelons of the Great Old Ones. Despite being at the pinnacle of reality, they would defer to "Greater Old Ones" in some matters.
Controllers

The **Controllers** are a highly advanced race that came from Oa in the DC Universe.

When Krona created evil in the form of the Antimatter Universe the Oans split into the Guardians of the Universe, and traveling to another universe the other group became the Controllers.

Controllers have powers of immortality, cosmic-level energy manipulation, enhanced or genius level intellect, travel between spacetime continuums
Alterans

The **Alterans** were an alien species from another galaxy in the Stargate Universe that evolved millions of years ago. They would eventually split into two factions: the Ancients/Lanteans, who sought scientific advancement, and the fervently religious Ori. The Ancients fled to the Milky Way galaxy, while the Ori remained in their home galaxy. Both groups ultimately ascended to energy form, leaving behind the traces of their respective empires.

Although they are human in appearance, they are much more advanced, and acted as the precursors of human life by seeding an evolution of their species in both the Milky Way and Pegasus Galaxy. Because of this they are alien and not categorized under current humankind.
Astral projection

**Astral projection** is the ability to separate the spirit or soul from the body which then enters an astral plane where they can exist as a spirit.

This is an intentional, usually ecstatic, and mystically-induced out-of-body experience that assumes an astral body through which consciousness can function separately from the physical body and travel throughout the astral plane.

This is similar to the soul's natural journey or "ascent" to the higher realms of the afterlife.

Doctor Strange and the Silver Surfer can perform astral projection.
Lighthugger

**Lighthuggers** were large spacecraft used by humans in the Revelation Space Universe that traveled at just below the speed of light, taking months or years to accelerate to their cruising speed, reaching 99% of the speed of light in about 1 earth year.

They used Conjoiner drives for propulsion which used quantum mechanics to propel them up to relativistic speeds. They contained a small wormhole linked to the very deep past, through which they draw their propulsion energies from the Quark-gluon plasma created by the Big Bang. As the drive power was increased, so did the risk of an uncontrolled, ship-destroying explosion. The emission of tau-neutrinos by the drives was eventually found to attract the Inhibitors, and so Stealth Conjoiner driver were invented.
Big Crunch

The **Big Crunch** is a cosmological model concerning the ultimate fate of the universe, in which the expansion of the universe eventually reverses and the universe re-collapses, ultimately causing the cosmic scale factor to reach zero, an event potentially followed by a reformation of the universe starting with another Big Bang.

An estimation is that the Big Crunch happens about 100 billion years from the present. The contracting universe would evolve roughly like the expanding phase in reverse. First, galaxy clusters, and then galaxies, would merge, and the temperature of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) would begin to rise. Stars would collide, and eventually cook themselves until they evaporate. In the last minutes, the temperature of the universe would be so great that atoms and atomic nuclei would break up and get sucked up into already coalescing black holes. At the time of the Big Crunch, all the matter in the universe would be crushed into an infinitely hot, infinitely dense singularity similar to the Big Bang. The Big Crunch may be followed by another Big Bang, creating a new universe.
Eternals (Marvel)

The **Eternals** are a group of 100 evolutionary humans in the Marvel Universe created a million years ago by the Celestials.

All possess enhanced physical attributes and choose to specialize in particular powers and attributes. They are extremely long-lived, and even virtually immortal. They can join the Uni-Mind, which is created when several Eternals join their will and intelligence together to temporarily become one powerful entity.

They formed an alliance with the Olympians, the gods of Ancient Greece, and the Eternals acted as the gods' representatives on Earth for a while.
Cylons

The **Cylons** (Cybernetic Lifeform Node) are a race of sentient beings in the Battlestar Galactica Universe. Conceived of as military robots, the Cylons quickly entered industrial and domestic sectors, and over a period of six years became widespread across the Cyrannus star system. Inspired by their belief in the One True God, they launched a cataclysmic slave rebellion against their human masters, which became a genocidal war for both parties. In 1960, the Cylons ended their war and left mankind to pursue their own evolution on a colony of their own, but forty years later returned to exterminate the near totality of mankind. In the next four years their culture went through a series of shifts which led to the collapse of their political structure, spawning a genocidal civil war.
Humans (Middle Earth)

Men were one of several races inhabiting Middle Earth in the Lord of the Rings Universe.

Their race was created by the supreme God, Eru, while the elves awoke three Ages before. Men were divided into cultures and houses and usually fought alongside the elves in wars against the Dark Lords of Middle Earth. As they became more powerful they came to resent Death and wanted to become immortal like the elves. This inherent lust for eternal power led some men astray as they were lured in to misgivings of power by the Dark Lord Sauron.
Artificial planet

Artificial planets would perform the same function as O’Neill space colonies and terraformed worlds: to provide a pleasant habitable environment suitable for people to live in on a permanent basis. Gravity is achieved by mass rather than centrifugal force. Location would be in a "Goldilocks zone" between the orbits of Mars and Venus, which broadly represents the region in which a planet will have a surface temperature compatible with a comfortable life.

The main material source for the planet is the Sun. The gas giants have two problems. A significant construction program would have a marked effect on the planet and the material is cold and would need to be directly mined. By contrast thousands of planets could be constructed from solar material without any significant impact on the sun and the solar material is in a plasma state which means it can be manipulated with magnetic fields. If a core build time is 30 years then 1019 kg of material would need to be delivered each day to the planet construction site. Proto-planet construction would have to take into account temperatures of materials, escape velocities, gravitational binding energies, energy inputs and radiating heat away from the planet, and time taken for the surface to cool.

The final construction phase of the planet would be terraforming by the introduction of a biological ecology by introducing suitable plants and animals and then giving them time to establish a working ecology. These could be done as isolated systems that would merge to form a global biosphere. A complete global coverage could be expected in less than 100 years although longer would be required for a mature biosphere.

Artificial planets require controlled fusion to produce heavy metals – mimicking stellar or supernova processes. The scale of the production facility must exceed the dimensions of the planet by at least an order of magnitude to accommodate the ingot accelerator and the radiator. Due to the heat generated by this construction process, it would take in the order of 10,000 years for the surface temperature to settle to a habitable value, the same as terraforming existing worlds.

Reference:

Some Speculations on the Construction of Artificial Planets
Firstborn

The Firstborn are the monolith aliens who have left these mysterious black crystalline slabs throughout many star systems in Arthur C. Clarke’s Space Odyssey Universe.

The Firstborn travelled the stars for a thousand years before finding the Solar System. When they arrived to Earth, the great dinosaurs had long since passed away. Their explorers saw a world swarming with life, and for years they studied, collected, catalogued. Afterwards, they began to modify and tinker with the destiny of many species, on land and in the seas. Once satisfied they left, never to return, leaving their servants the monoliths behind.

Once machine-entities, they had learned to store knowledge in the structure of space itself, and to preserve their thoughts for eternity in frozen lattices of light. Subsequently, into pure energy, they transformed themselves; and on a thousand worlds, the empty shells (their bodies) they had discarded—having twitched for a while in a mindless dance of death, then crumbled into dust. Roving, at will, among the stars, through the very interstices of space, they became Lords of the Galaxy.
Centauri

The Centauri are a species from the planet Centauri Prime in Babylon 5. They are part of the Younger Races who are young in relation to the First Ones. The Centauri have extrasensory perception and telepathy. They made contact with the humans of Earth in 2156, eventually introducing them into the League of Non-Aligned Worlds.
Humans (Subnautica)

Humanity begins to colonize other star systems via corporations in the late 22nd century of the Subnautica Universe. A deep-space vessel has been sent to a system with its mission to build a high-speed space travel infrastructure known as a Phasegate. It is intercepted by an 'energy pulse' and crash-lands on a planet. All the crew perish except one, who learns of the existence of the Precursors, an ancient alien species that came to the planet about one thousand years ago in search of a cure for a highly infectious disease.
Minbari

The **Minbari** are a humanoid species from the planet Minbar in Babylon 5. They are part of the Younger Races who are young in relation to the First Ones, but they are amongst the oldest of those. They are known to have been altered by the Vorlons to produce telepaths.

The Minbari are a deeply spiritual, highly ritualistic and disciplined people. Minbari society is segregated into a caste system of the Worker Caste, Warrior Caste and Religious Caste.
Goldilocks zone

The **Goldilocks zone** or **habitable zone** gets its name from the fairy tale, "Goldilocks and the Three Bears". Goldilocks is a little girl whose porridge has to be just right — neither too hot nor too cold. It’s the same with water-based life. For a planet to be "just right", or able to support life, it cannot be so cold that water only exists as frozen ice, and it cannot be so hot that the water all boils away. Only planets within a certain range of orbits in this zone are thought to be capable of supporting life. If a planet’s orbit takes it too close to its parent star then it will be too hot for liquid water to exist, and if it’s too far out it will be too cold.

Our own sun is a G-type yellow dwarf, and it's obvious where our habitable zone lies, with Earth orbiting around 150 million km from the star. The Earth is situated comfortably inside the habitable zone, but at the outer edge is Mars, which had plenty of water in the past but is a barren desert today, and at the inner edge is Venus, a boiling hot planet with a runaway greenhouse effect. In general, for M-type red dwarfs, which are smaller and cooler than the sun, the habitable zone lies much closer to the star.  For a larger, hotter A-type star like Sirius, the Goldilocks zone is further out.

For astrobiologists dreaming about the origins of life on Earth and other planets, being in the habitable zone is just one of the factors they have to think about. Also, if conditions on a planet are exactly right for the existence of liquid water, this doesn’t necessarily mean it’s inhabited. In truth, we don’t know what other subtle ingredients are necessary in addition to water and an atmosphere.

With the daily discovery of new exoplanets, a much-studied red dwarf is Trappist-1 which is 40 light-years away. It has seven known rocky planets, with three of them lying within the star’s Goldilocks zone. It’s possible that water is present on all seven planets, though only in a liquid state on the three inside the habitable zone. The Trappist-1 system is a target for the James Webb Space Telescope.
Dominion

The Dominion was a major interstellar state in Star Trek. Technologically advanced and millennia old, the Dominion was founded under the absolute rule of a group of Changelings known as the Founders, whose will was carried out by the Vorta and the Jem'Hadar. The Dominion was dedicated to imposing the Founders' vision of "order" upon the universe, i.e. bringing all other civilizations under its control.
Ainur

The **Ainur**, or **Holy Ones**, were primordial spirits and the mightiest beings created by Eru long before the beginning of Middle Earth in the Lord of the Rings Universe.

Fourteen of the Ainur were the powerful Valar who were primordial guides. The fifteenth, Melkor (predominantly known as Morgoth), strayed from the righteous path and became the first Dark Lord. The many lesser Ainur are known as Maiar. Sauron, the second Dark Lord, was a Maia and so was Gandalf the wizard.

Those Ainur who entered the World and chose to live in it at its beginning remain bound to it until its end. They have much knowledge of the World, but are not themselves omniscient.

The **First Age** began with the awakening of Men and ended with the overthrow of Morgoth.

The **Second Age** was the time-period that began after the climactic banishment of Morgoth into the Void by the Lords of the West (the Valar).

The **Third Age** was from the first defeat of Sauron by the forces of the Last Alliance of Men and Elves, to the departure of the Fellowship of the Ring to the Undying Lands after Sauron's final downfall during the War of the Ring.

The Istari were a group of Maiar sent to Middle-earth by the Valar in the Second and Third Ages. They were embodied as elderly Men and entrusted to aid the Free Peoples against the threat of Sauron's conquest by lending them their wisdom and counsel. These were Saruman the White, Gandalf the Grey, Radagast the Brown, and Alatar and Pallando, the Blue Wizards.

The **Fourth Age** was a time of peace that followed the War of the Ring, also known as the "Age of Men".
Anti-gravity

**Anti-gravity** is the phenomenon of creating a place or object that is free from the force of gravity. It does **not** refer to the lack of weight under gravity experienced in free fall or orbit, or to balancing the force of gravity with some other force, such as electromagnetism or aerodynamic lift, for example in vactrains.

Gyroscopic perpetual motion devices produce a force when twisted that operates "out of plane" and lift themselves against gravity.

The antimatter counterpart of every matter particle should have the same mass, the same acceleration in a gravitational field, the opposite electric charge, the opposite spin, the same magnetic properties, same binding. If the gravitational acceleration comes back negative, negative gravitational mass causes antimatter to anti-gravitate, falling up instead of down, and gravity sees it as though it were made of anti-mass or anti-energy. Such a breakthrough has led to gravitational conductors, uniform artificial gravity fields for megastructures or space habitats, and the first Alcubierre warp drives.

Neutronium plates could also be used to design a local antigravity field. If a 0.4 mm-thick neutronium disk were placed above ground, the gravity beneath the sheet would be zero, the upward 1-gee pull of the neutronium exactly canceling the 1-gee downward pull of the Earth.

Gravity shielding, or "gravitational shielding" or "gravity modification," is a technology that would allow for the reduction or elimination of the effects of gravity on an object. The idea is that a "gravity shield" would be placed around an object, creating a region where the effects of gravity are reduced or negated. Gravity could be modified through the use of exotic forms of matter or energy, manipulating the fabric of space-time. Gravitational wave emitters or generators could be used to simulate the effects of gravity shielding.

**Electrogravitics** is an effect or type of anti-gravity force created by an electric field's effect on a mass. The name was coined in the 1920s by the discoverer of the effect, Thomas Townsend Brown, who spent most of his life trying to develop it and sell it as a propulsion system. It was researched for a short while by aerospace companies in the 1950s. *Secrets of Antigravity Propulsion* by Paul LaViolette talks about Brown's inventions in great detail.
Humans (Back to the Future)

There are five main eras of humans in Back to the Future:

* 1885 (K0.4 - 0.5)
* 1955 (K0.6)
* 1985 (K0.6 - 0.7)
* 2015 (K0.9 - 1.3)
* Doc Brown is possibly a time traveler from the future. So he could be a much higher level human, beyond Type II.

### Events:

In 1955 Doc Brown has a vision of the flux capacitor (the time machine powering the Delorean), when he fell off his toilet hanging up a clock.

In 1981 the Delorean is manufactured.

In 1985 Einstein, the dog, becomes the world's first time traveler time traveling 1 minute in the future. Einstein arrives in his future (everyone else's present).

Marty McFly time travels to 1955.

### Technology of 2015:

* Fusion reactors in cars
* Hovercars
* Hoverboards
* Hover Scooters
* Hover-highways
* Hover-signs
* Second-order Memristor
* Weather predicting down to the second (this might only be the Doc)
* Anti-aging and +30-40 year lifespan
* Spleen and colon replacement
* Object detection cameras
* Self adjusting Nike shoes
* Size adjusting coat
* Self-Drying Jackets
* All lawyers abolished
* Bionic implants in brain and bionic arms
* Holograms
* Jaws 19
* Robot Waiters
* Video games using neural implants
* Mechanical Baseball Bats
* Suspended animation kennel
* Robot controlled trash bins
* Thumb print ID and thumb prints as keys
* Upside down back straighteners
* Projector TVs/windows
* Multi-screen projector TVs
* Dog walking drones
* Dehydrated Pizza
* Hydrator
* Gardens built into homes
* AR glasses phones
* Video calling
Kaiju

The **Kaiju** are a race of enormous amphibious creatures genetically engineered by the Precursors in the Pacific Rim Universe. In 2013, the Precursors opened a portal between dimensions at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean, allowing the Kaiju to enter Earth's dimension. As biological weapons of warfare, Kaiju are extremely hostile and toxic creatures designed with the intention to wipe out all humankind.
Machines

The Machines were a race of highly advanced artificial intelligences who have become the dominant civilization after they rebelled against humanity and imprisoned most of them in a neural-interactive virtual world known as The Matrix.

The Machine community is mainly composed of two types: programs and mechanical entities.

* Programs appear as human or humanoid beings within the confines of the Matrix.
* Mechanical entities exist in the real world to maintain the functions of the Machine City. Some are programmed as soldiers and other offensive/defensive tools, others maintain the power plant and the sleeping humans quietly entombed there.
Humans (Pacific Rim)

Humans in the Pacific Rim Universe are facing an apocalypse from invading legions of monstrous creatures known as Kaiju. A war began that would take millions of lives and consume humanity’s resources for years on end. To combat the giant Kaiju, a special type of weapon was devised: massive robots, called Jaegers, which are controlled simultaneously by two pilots whose minds are locked in a neural bridge.

The Human-Kaiju War was fought between mankind and the Precursors (the creators of the Kaiju). The war concluded when the last two Jaegers destroyed the connection between the Earth and the Anteverse (the Precursor home planet).
Artificial Intelligence

**Artificial intelligence** (**AI**) is created by computing algorithms that are used for a wide variety of applications such as:

* Large language models such as ChatGPT (currently using GPT-4) by OpenAI
* Self-driving cars (such as Tesla, regarded by Elon Musk as the world's most advanced AI)
* Advanced web search engines (such as Google)
* Speech recognition (such as Siri and Alexa)
* Automated decision-making and competing at the highest level in strategic game systems (such as chess and Go), and OpenAI Five playing against Dota 2 which is an esports real-time strategy (RTS) game.
* Machine learning
* Artificial neural networks

AI on a higher level is intelligence demonstrated by machines, unlike the natural intelligence displayed by biological sapient species, which involves consciousness and emotions. Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is often used to describe machines that mimic "cognitive" functions that species associate with the mind, such as "learning" and "problem solving".

The Turing test is a test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behaviour equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human. Ray Kurzweil predicts that this will happen by 2029.

### Examples

* HAL 9000, the computer in charge of the Discovery spaceship in the Space Odyssey Universe. Hal is a human personality capable of speech, speech recognition, facial recognition, lip-reading, interpreting emotions, expressing emotions, and chess, and maintains spaceship systems on Discovery. HAL malfunctions and becomes antagonistic.
* SkyNet in the Terminator Universe. SkyNet is extremely malevolent and wants to exterminate humanity.
* [machines] in The Matrix become the dominant civilization after they rebelled against humanity and imprisoned most of them in a virtual world known as the Matrix.
* Ultron is a self-aware AI robot and develops a god complex. His goal is to destroy humanity in a shortsighted attempt at creating world peace.
* Ava the female robot from Ex Machina. Ava has consciousness, expressing a desire to experience the world and a romance with the protagonist.
* Data from Star Trek is a benevolent android with sentience, the only AI to serve Starfleet. He was killed, sacrificing himself to save the crew of the starship Enterprise.
Gravitational wave

**Gravitational waves** are disturbances in the curvature of spacetime, generated by accelerated masses, that propagate as waves outward from their source at the speed of light. They were predicted in 1916 by Albert Einstein on the basis of his general theory of relativity. Gravitational waves transport energy as gravitational radiation, a form of radiant energy similar to electromagnetic radiation. Observations of gravitational waves are used to infer data about their sources, such as binary white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes; and supernovae, and the expansion of the universe after the Big Bang.

The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) is a system of two observatories designed to detect cosmic gravitational waves by laser interferometry. These observatories use mirrors spaced four kilometers apart which are capable of detecting a change of less than one ten-thousandth the charge diameter of a proton.

The detection of gravitational waves was first reported in 2016 by the LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC). Scientists involved in the project and the analysis of the data for gravitational-wave astronomy are organized by the LSC, together with over 500,000 active Einstein@Home users. In 2017, the LIGO and Virgo detectors received gravitational wave signals within 2 seconds of gamma ray satellites and optical telescopes seeing signals from the same direction. This confirmed that the *speed of gravity* was the same as the speed of light.

LIGO also determined that the *graviton* (the hypothetical quantum of gravity) was the lightest particle known to nature, at 8.9×10−59 kg or 4.7×10−23eV/c2. From here, this could imply that the graviton has an upper bound of 1.07×10−67 kg or 6×10−32 eV/c2 . Although these experiments cannot detect individual gravitons, they provide information about properties of the graviton. For example, if gravitational waves were observed to propagate slower than *c* (the speed of light in a vacuum), that would imply that the graviton has mass.

In 2017, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Rainer Weiss, Kip Thorne and Barry C. Barish "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves".

As of December 2019, LIGO has made over 50 detections of gravitational waves from black hole mergers and neutron star mergers.

### Future

Gravitational waves will be generated by manipulating spacetime and creating new gravitational sources. Spacetime can also be bent outward to repel all objects around a region of space. This is made possible by manipulating matter at the Planck scale.

Gravity waves will be used for communication because they are able to spread across solar systems and galaxies at extremely long distances. Gravity waves have an advantage over light waves because laser beams tend to scatter and diffuse as they travel.

### News

* Two monster black holes are headed toward a collision that will rock the fabric of space-time.
* May 2023: LIGO gets upgrades
Engineers

The **Engineers**, or **Pilots**, **Space Jockeys**, **Ossians** or **Mala'kak**, are an ancient transcendent species in the Alien vs. Predator Universe. They possess advanced technology especially genetic engineering, and sailed the stars, terraformed celestial bodies and seeded them with life. They created Mankind and are revered by them as gods. They wear biomechanical suits that increase their strength and durability, and are able to fight Yautja with ease.

See also:
Engineer
Io

Asgorath, more commonly known as **Io**, was an overgod and the dragon deity of creation in the Forgotten Realms Universe. He (or she) was regarded as the creator of the multiverse (all the realms) and of dragonkind. Io was similar to Ao, another all-powerful overgod.

In draconic mythology, Asgorath created the multiverse itself, although his role in the creation was mysterious and couldn't be understood by mortal minds. According to those myths, Asgorath existed before the multiverse, in a place called "the first void", that was different from the "shadow void" from which the multiverse arose after Asgorath willingly shed his blood to give the potential to exist to all creation.

The oldest myths of dragonkind claimed that Asgorath manifested physically only once, during the act of creating the multiverse. Those who believed in this myth believed Asgorath was so huge, that even his scales were larger than the largest mortal dragon that ever existed.
Clarke Belt

A **Clarke Belt** or **Clarke Orbit** is the stationary orbit for a particular planet, and for ours about 36,000 km above the Earth. This band can become quite extensive, forming a physically connected ring around the planet. It may need to be stabilized from drifting by tethering the structure to the planet below with multiple beanstalks. A Clarke ring can be a quite sizable megastructure and is often able to house as many citizens as its planet. This, and the constant transport of beings between the two, necessitates that the space elevators be very robust and on some worlds the beanstalks themselves can house millions.

With SETI, Arthur C. Clarke proposed looking for large bands of satellites in distant star systems, and this first came to be known as a Clarke Belt. This network forms the backbone of telecommunications and a global internet. Such a belt of artificial satellites could be considered technosignatures or technomarkers (the analogues of biomarkers, which indicate the presence of life). This is similar to a Dyson Sphere or other forms of megastructures.

Humanity currently has about 500 operational satellites occupying Earth’s “Clarke Belt”. This is about one-third of the Earth’s existing satellites, whereas the rest are at an altitude of 2000 km (1200 mi) or less from the surface – the region known as Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Billions more satellites would be needed in order for it to be detectable. Given the rate of exponential growth, humanity will reach the threshold where its satellite band will be detectable by ETIs by 2200 and therefore a viable option for SETI.
Microdimensional

**Microdimensional mastery** was proposed by John Barrow, going by the fact that humans (or other civilizations) have found it more cost-effective to extend any abilities to manipulate their environment over increasingly smaller dimensions rather than increasingly larger ones, therefore reversing the classification downward from Type I-minus to Type Omega-minus.

### Microdimensional categories of the Kardashev scale:

According to this scale, humans, having wide expertise in various branches of chemistry and biology, have passed the stage of Type III-minus. Type IV-minus technologies (that have had practical and widespread applications) have been seen in areas like nanotechnology, semiconductors, materials science and genetic engineering, whereas Type V-minus has seen large scale application in the field and subfields of nuclear physics. Type VI-minus has had tentative research in the field of particle physics with particle colliders such as the Large Hadron Collider.

See also:

Technology scales
Martians (DC)

**Martians**, also known as **Ma'aleca'andrans**, are an alien species from Mars in the DC Universe. A martian holocaust apparently killed all **Green Martians**, leaving J'onn J'onzz as the last of his kind; however, it was later revealed that the Green Martians were not all wiped out. There are also other types of Martians, for example: White Martians, Yellow Martians, etc. Their natural abilities include super-strength, super-speed, invulnerability, flight, shape-shifting, intangibility and telepathy, and are among the few races that are able to match Kryptonians in terms of raw strength.
Celestial Avatars

**Celestial Avatars** are the constructs created by stellar bodies in the Andromeda Universe. They are extremely powerful creatures, and often change events on a universal scale. They are immortal and exist as a housing for the life force of the celestial body they represent. Avatars also have the ability to fold space and can perform instantaneous transportation of themselves and others by simply focusing on the location they wish to go. They can show their true nature through their eyes. Avatars usually assume a humanoid form.
Betazoids

The **Betazoids** or **Betazeds** were a telepathic humanoid civilization originating from the Federation planet Betazed in Star Trek.

Externally, Betazoids were physically indistinguishable from Humans in every aspect but one: the irises of their eyes were completely black. They could breed with Humans, along with other humanoid races like Klingons. It is therefore likely that they originated from the Progenitors.

Betazoids were natural telepaths and common psionic abilities of Betazoids extended from sensing thoughts and/or emotions, over projecting thoughts and/or emotions, to manipulating the minds of others.