Amanullah Khan

Amanullah Khan is the King of Afghanistan since the Kingdom was created as a Puppet State of the Indo-Persian Empire.

## History

### Early Life

Amanullah Khan was born on 1 June 1892, in Paghman near Kabul, Afghanistan. He was the third son of the Emir Habibullah Khan. Amanullah was installed as the governor of Kabul and was in control of the army and the treasury, and gained the allegiance of most of the tribal leaders.

### Reza Shah's conquest of his contury

After the assassination of his father, Afghanistan was conquered by Reza Shah Pahlavi during his Eastward Expansion into India. Reza considered Afghanistan to be the Graveyard of Empires which was able to resist conquest by his ancestors Cyrus the Great and Tamerlane. It was easy due to the monarchy aiding Reza against the British and causing trouble for the British with the local tribes. After the invasion, the late Habibullah Khan's son Amanullah Khan was crowned the King of Afghanistan.

Afghanistan's invasion of India started a rebellion in the region supported by the British who wanted to replace the current ruler Amanullah with his distant cousin Mohammed Nadir Khan, however Reza won the side of Mohammad Nadir Khan by promising him territory in the Madras Presidency to rule as his domain. After that the rebellion failed and more Afghan forces headed into India. The Battles were hard until the British retreated from India at the news that Germany was bombing their homeland.

After the conquest of India, Afghanistan became a puppet state of the new Indo-Persian Empire ruled by Amanullah Khan, himself.

### Reforms

Amanullah enjoyed early popularity within Afghanistan and he used his influence to modernise the country. Amanullah created new cosmopolitan schools for both boys and girls in the region and overturned centuries-old traditions such as strict dress codes for women. He increased trade with Europe and Asia. He also advanced a modernist constitution that incorporated equal rights and individual freedoms with the guidance of his father-in-law and Foreign Minister Mahmud Tarzi. His wife, Queen Soraya Tarzi played a huge role in regard to his policy towards women. This rapid modernisation created a backlash and a reactionary uprising known as the Khost rebellion which was suppressed in 1925.

### Ali Jinnah Crisis

After Ali Jinnah took control of the Empire as an Autocratic Prime Minister, he created a regime with the infamous rival of Amanullah, Habibullah Kalakani with Turkmen Sunni Warlords Ibrahim Bek, Irgash Bey and Madamin Bey who are known to be threats to Afghanistan. Amanullah and Soraya as King and Queen gave support to their master state as they feared if Indo-Persia remains under Ali Jinnah, he might replace them with Habibullah Kalakani and his thugs the Saqqawists.

## Marriage

After the Tarzis returned to Afghanistan, they were received at Court as wished by the Amir Habibullah Khan. This is where Soraya Tarzi met Prince Amanullah, son of the Amir Habibullah Khan. They struck an affinity. The prince, who was a sympathiser of Mahmud Tarzi's liberal ideas, married Soraya Tarzi on 30 August 1913 at Qawm-i-Bagh Palace in Kabul. Soraya Tarzi was King Amanullah Khan's only wife, which broke centuries of tradition. It was when she married into the monarchy that she grew to be one of the region's most important figures.

They have 11 children together.

* Princess Ameenah Shah (b. 1916)
* Princess Abedah Bibi
* Princess Meliha (b. 1921), married Prince Kaveh Farman Farmaian (b. 1920)
* Crown Prince Rahmatullah of Afghanistan (b. 1921), married Princess Sattareh Farman Farmaian (1921), no issue.
* Prince Saifullah, died young
* Prince Hymayatullah, died young
* Princess Adeela (b. 1925)
* Prince Ehsanullah (b. 1926)
* Princess India (b. 1929)
* Princess Nagia