Kingdom of Bosnia (1992-1995)

### Population

4.62 million (in claimed territories)2.4 million (in occupied territories) (1993)

### Currency

Bosnian Mark (BAM)Croatian Kuna (HRK)

The Kingdom of Bosnia, was a semi-recognized nation which was located in the Balkan peninsula in Europe. The nation declared it's independence from the Kingdom of Croatia on the 15th of May, 1992 and after being defeated in the Bosnian war, it was disestablished on the 26th of August, 1995.

History:

The nation was established when it declared independence from the rest of the Kingdom of Croatia in May of 1992. The nation quickly gained more and more soldiers for their army, which quickly advanced from 3 000 fighters in May of 1992 to over 28 000 in December of the same year.

King Tvrtko II started drafting up a constitution and also appointed a cabinet for himself in August of 1992, which included making the radical pro-Islamist Alija Izetbegović the Prime Minister of Bosnia. The nation quickly expanded across Bosnian territories, gaining huge swathes of land before troops could arrive to the front.

In August of 1992, the Federal republic of Serbia joined the war against the Kingdom of Bosnia, which started a new stage in the war. From September 1992 and onwards, the Croats and Serbs were forced to engage in guerrila warfare against the Bosnians, with only a few large battles happening every now and then.

The Bosnian startegy was to inflict as many casualties on the enemy as possible, to allow them to sue for peace. This startegy proved to be effective in the beginning stages of the war, as by July of 1993, the combined Serbo-Croatian forces had lost around 15 000 men, while the Bosnians had only lost 6 000.

Eventually, the startegy became repetitive and the Serbs and Croats came up with more and more effective ways to fight off the Bosnians. After the failed Operation Dinaric by the combined forces of Republika Srpska, the Kingdom of Croatia and the Federal republic of Serbia in September of 1994, not much headway was made at the front for a long time.

On the 28th of March, 1995, the city Brčko was finally recaptured by Republika Srpska forces after 7 months of fighting, causing Air Marshal of the Kingdom of Bosnia Nebojša Karabegović to order the bombing of civilian targets in Banja Luka, the capital of Republika Srpska from April 1st-April 2nd, 1995, a crime he was later tried for in court in 2009.

Due to no side making any advancements for months straight, the two sides opened up peace negotiations with each other, with a treaty later being signed in Paris after multiple meetings in Berlin in August of 1995. According to the peace accords, Tvrtko would remain as Hajduk of Bosnia inside the Kingdom of Croatia, to avoid much instability and terroristic attacks in Bosnia, while former Bosnian generals would be tried for war crimes. Alija Izetbegović, however, was let go in 1998 after mass protests in Sarajevo, Prijedor and Mostar caused by his arrest.

Demographics:

Around 4.62 million people were residing in the claimed territories of the Kingdom of Bosnia in a census made in January of 1996. In the occupied territories that they actually held during the war, around 2.3 million people were residing in them in the year 1993. These are the percentages of the ethnic groups from a census made in November of 1993:

* Bosnians (71%)
* Croats (17.7%)
* Serbs (8.9%)
* Others (2.4%)

Government:

The government of the Kingdom of Bosnia was a Semi-Absolute monarchy which was led by Tvrtko II, a long lost member of the Kotromanić dynasty which had ruled Bosnia from 1322-1443. Tvrtko had a lot of power over government, even if he wasn't a complete absolute monarch. The responsibilities Tvrtko held were:

* Being able to appoint cabinet ministers
* Having a large control of the army
* Having control over laws

The rest of the government responsibilities were held by the cabinet ministers, such as foreign affairs, internal policies and control over trade.

Military:

The military of the Kingdom of Bosnia was heavily reliant on captured weapons, with 90% of artillery guns, 70% of tanks and 85% of armored vehicles being captured from the Serbian and Croatian sides. The army's commander-in-chief was King Tvrtko II, while the Chief of general staff was Prime Minister Izetbegović.

The army had a total of 43 commissioned officers during it's height in December of 1993, with 12 of them being Majors, 8 Lieutenant Colonels, 7 Colonels, 5 Brigadier Generals, three Major Generals, one Lieutenant General, one General, two Vice-admirals, one Admiral, one air marshal and one marshal of the army (Tvrtko). The army had a total of 70 820 soldiers in the army in 1993, with 65 870 being active and 4950 being reserves. An additional 11 240 paramilitary soldiers bumped the army up to 82 060 personnel in total.

Many officers were arrested after the Bosnian war had been concluded, with an international tribunal being held in Venice, Italy from 2000-2010 to punish Bosnian war criminals. Of the 13 people tried by the international court, one was sentenced to life imprisonment, 4 were sentenced to 20 years in jail, 5 were sentenced to 14 years in jail, one was sentenced to 8 years in jail and two were acquitted of all crimes.

Recognition:

Of the 189 UN members which existed at the time, only 17 nations recognized the nation of Bosnia, with the vast majority of them being Islamic republics in the Middle East, with the exception of Albania and the autonomous Slovak Republic.