Introduce

The ***Internet of Things*** (**IoT**) is a system of computing the relationships between devices, machines and digital machines. It has universal unique identifiers (Uids) and the ability to transfer data over a network without the need for person-to-person or person-to-device interaction.

The Internet of Things digitizes the physical world and has a wide range of applications. The Internet of Things can bring together scattered data and integrate digital information between things. Applications of the Internet of Things include transportation and logistics, industrial manufacturing, health care, smart environment (home, office, factory), personal and social fields, etc.

The Internet of Things is an emerging field attracting attention from all walks of life, but security is the main factor questioned by all walks of life. The main question is that the Internet of Things technology is developing rapidly, but the security challenges involved and the possible changes in regulations are quite lacking at present.

## History

The concept of the Internet of Things can be traced back to the early 1980s. The first device in the world with the concept of the Internet of Things was a Coke machine located at Carnegie Mellon University. It was connected to the Internet and could check the inventory online to determine how many drinks were available. Mark Weiser's 1991 paper "The Computer of the 21st Century," in which the concept of pervasive computing was revealed, breaks an important path for the development of the Internet of Things.

In his 1994 IEEE Overview paper "Smart networks for control," Reza Raji proposed the concept that "small data packets can be aggregated into a large node so that facilities can be integrated and automated, From home appliances to entire factories.

Between 1993 and 1997, several companies came up with multiple solutions, such as Microsoft at Work and Novell NEST. Bill Joy proposed Six Webs at the World Economic Forum in 1999, and the sixth item "D2D, Device to Device" describes the more specific development concept of the Internet of Things.

The name "Internet of things" may already be hard to pin down, but Kevin Ashton, a forward-thinking technology developer at Procter & Gamble, says he himself was probably the first to explicitly use it. "The Internet of things" was the title of a talk he gave at Procter & Gamble in 1999. He also says he prefers the term "Internet for things" to "Internet of things." At the time, he thought RFID would be crucial for the Internet of Things, which would allow computers to manage all individual objects.

Cisco Systems believes that the Internet of Things is only a concept of a "point in time", a point in time when "things or objects connected to the Internet are greater than the number of people connected to the network", in other words, this is the birth time of the Internet of things. Cisco estimates that this "point in time" falls somewhere between 2008 and 2009, with the "object/number of people online" ratio ranging from 0.08 in 2003 to 1.84 in 2010.

Some see advances in metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) technology as driving the rapid growth of the Internet of Things. The main argument is that mosFeTs can be made in the 21st century down to the nanometer scale, greatly reducing power consumption, and low-power design is a key factor in the widespread use of sensors in the Internet of Things. In addition to mosFETs, the development of silicon-on-insulator and the multi-core insulator technology are also contributing to the popularity of the Internet of Things.