Republic of Taiwan

## History

### Establishment

Operation Downfall had a crucial staging area in Okinawa, and became a center of the American invasion plans. The island became the central headquarters for Douglas MacArthur, and the American Pacific Army and Air Force. The American invasion was not successful, outside of some isolated advances on Kyushu, eventually stalling in Honshu. The deluge only made these problems worse, and the invasion of maninland Japan was abandoned entirely by December 1946. Following the collapse of the American invasion, the remaining forces under MacArthur, unable to make contact with Washington DC, deemed it necessary to secure its position in East Asia.

The target was Taiwan. Then under the administraton of Rikichi Ando, the island was a large territory that could house and feed the US forces and provide them a defensible position. The Japanese position on Taiwan was seen as untenable by this point - the growing desperation of the war had seen the Taiwan garrison reduced considerably. Consisting mostly of poorly trained reservists, conscripted students, and home guard militia. In addition, the Japanese had organised the Patriotic Citizens Fighting Corps - which included all healthy men aged 15-60 and women 17-40 - to perform combat support, and ultimately combat jobs. Weapons, training, and uniforms were generally lacking: some men were armed with nothing better than muzzle-loading muskets, longbows, and bamboo spears; nevertheless, they were expected to make do with what they had. The American force under MacArthur had considerably more fighting ability. The 10th Army numbered more than 200,000 troops and logistical staff, and enjoyed considerable naval and aerial assets. The Battle of Taiwan was, consequently brief, albeit chaotic - beginning November 10th 1946, and ending with the suicide of Ando on April 3rd 1947.

With Taiwan secured, the American forces began turning their attention to using the last of their supplies to secure their position. Between 1945 and 1949, General MacArthur sent several vessels east, to make contact with American forces in Hawaii and California. No ships returned. MacArthur was, however, determined to find support wherever he could. In January 1946, he made contact with the British Pacific Fleet under Admiral Fraser, though little came of it.

### Nation Building

In 1948, realising there was little chance of reestablishing contact with the American government, MacArthur began work on establishing a military government. Over time, this government handed its powers over to a civilian administration, with first elections taking place in 1954. Since this time, the conservative National Party held control over both Congress and the Presidency, until President Grayson's voter expansions allowed the more liberal Reform Party to shock the island in 1994 by winning a majority in the House of Representatives, and leader Yoshiro Koizumi was elected President.

### 1995

In 1995, Taiwan opened itself up diplomatically for the first time in 50 years with a radio broadcast via TBS, inviting its neighbours to send delegations to open embassies in the nation.[1]

## Politics

### Powers of the Government

#### Legislative

* Creation and passing of legislation
* Confirmation of President, and other officials
* Override of Presidential Veto, requiring 66% in both House and Senate
* Ratification of treaties, once signed by the President
* Removal of the President, requiring 50%+1 in the House followed by 66% in the Senate
* Declaration of war, requiring a 75% approval

#### Executive

* Veto over legislation
* Nomination of officials
* Negotiation and signing of treaties, though these must be ratified by Congress
* Presidential Pardon
* Declaration of 'Heightened Vigilance', and request Congress to declare war
	+ (Heightened Vigilance is a state in which all non-Allied foreign militaries will be neutralised if they enter Taiwanese territory. This may take the form of escort from Taiwanese territory, up to use of deadly force if necessary. However, Taiwanese forces will not pursue any 'aggressive' course of action)
* Commander in Chief in times of War

### Elections

#### House of Representatives (36 Seats)

\*Suffrage expanded to all males over 25 in 1992

### Foreign Relations

Taiwan opened itself to recieving embassies at the start of 1995, since then it has granted a number of nations this privilege[1]:

* The Mountain-State of Piligraun
* The Divum Order
* The Empire of Polynesia
* Batak Sumatra

## Maps

Map of TaiwanProvinces of TaiwanPopulation Centers of TaiwanPolitical Map of Taiwan, 1994