Hygrophorus latitabundus

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***Hygrophorus latitabundus*** is a species of fungus in the genus *Hygrophorus*. It is distributed in European pine forests, and has a preference for calcareous soils. It fruits in autumn, producing large, edible mushrooms with slimy caps and stems.

## Description

*Hygrophorus latitabundus* fruiting bodies are large agarics. The cap is convex and slightly umbonate, coloured grey, brown and olivaceous with a darker, brownish centre. It is characteristically covered by a glutinous layer of slime, especially in wet weather conditions. The margin is inrolled. The cap diameter can reach 15 cm, and as it matures, it flattens out. The white gills are thick, distant and have an adnate to weakly decurrent attachment to the stem.

The white stem is tall, fusiform, thick and robust. It is ornamented by numerous whitish flakes which are covered in a thick layer of slime. The flakes have a tendency to become brown. The flakes and slime extend from the base of the stem to the level of the margin, where they stop abruptly, creating a ring-like zone. Above this, the stem is white and visibly thinner. The stem is up to 15 cm tall and 2–4 cm thick.

The white flesh is thick and firm, with a fungal smell and pleasant taste. An identification aid is the chemical reaction of the stem flesh when exposed to ammonia solution. In this species, it turns orange-rust and then brown in the base and yellow-ochre at the top.

## Edibility

*Hygrophorus latitabundus* is reported to be a good, edible fungus. It is collected and marketed for consumption in Spain, particularly in the Catalan region, where it is known as *llenega negra*.

## Habitat and distribution

 File:Hygrophorus latitabundus.JPG
*Hygrophorus latitabundus* is found in coniferous forests, forming ectomycorrhizal relationships exclusively with pines (*Pinus*). The fungus fruits in autumn and shows a preference for calcareous soils. Its occurrence is rare, though it is abundant there where it is established.

Its distribution encompasses southern and central Europe, including Austria, Germany, France, Italy, Slovenia and Spain. It is also known to occur in the Republic of Macedonia, Greece and Turkey.

## Similar species

Among the many species of the genus *Hygrophorus*, there are some which can be mistaken for *Hygrophorus latitabundus*.

* The fruiting body of *H. persoonii* has a similar appearance, but the species is found only in deciduous forests with oak (*Quercus*) and beech (*Fagus*). Its flesh turns greenish with ammonia solution.
* *H. olivaceoalbus* is a less robust species which often bears a dark, rough-banded stem ornamentation, and occurs with spruce (*Picea*), frequently in moss. Its stem flesh discolours to orange-red with ammonia solution.

## References

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1. ↑ Template:Cite journal
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Template:Cite book
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Román J. R.. *Hygrophorus limacinus* at Fungipedia.es (Spanish). Retrieved on December 23, 2010.
4. ↑ *Hygrophorus latitabundus* at FunghiItaliani.it (Italian). A.M.I.N.T.. Retrieved on December 23, 2010.
5. ↑ Template:Cite journal
6. ↑ *Hygrophorus latitabundus* at FungiBalear.net (Catalan). Secció Micològica Museu Balear de Ciències Naturals.. Retrieved on January 1, 2010.
7. ↑ Template:Cite report
8. ↑ Species: *Hygrophorus latitabundus* Britzelm. 1899. *Global Biodiversity Information Facility*. Retrieved on December 25, 2010.
9. ↑ Template:Cite report
10. ↑ Template:Cite journal
11. ↑ Template:Cite journal

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