Republic of China (New Canton) (6.0)

### Colloquial Names

Third Constitutional Protection Movement | China Democratic League | Fourth Chinese Republic

### Anthem

Sun Yat Sen Memorial Song:https://youtu.be/Mn8PCytiLCs

## Government

### Government Type

Constitutional Parliamentary Multi-Party Democracy

### Head of State

Dejure: Executive Yuan(Cabinet)Defacto: Legislative Yuan(Parliamentary Speaker)

### Legislature

Legislative Yuan(Unicameral National Assembly)

### Ruling Party

N/A(Rule is done via multi-party coalitions, and without a central PM or President, its unclear who is the ruling party)

## Government of the Fourth Republic of China

The Government of the Fourth Chinese Republic sees authority centered in the legislative and executive yuan respectively, with a strong emphasis on democracy and experimentalism with the goal of creating a uniquely Chinese Democratic system with an intellectual basis moving beyond ideology.

### The Legislative Yuan

The Legislative is a unicameral national assembly elected via direct universal suffrage with proportional representation and a single transferable vote. The Yuan is composed of 8 "parties" these "parties" reflect core values of their membership and range from a value of order, communalism and stability to that of freedom and individualism. The Parties have been acknowledged to have an unspoken agreement to note dominate the political scene, a unique trait for any democracy, and seem to function together more like a one-party state given their cohesiveness, sense of greater purpose and unity.

### The Executive Yuan

Unique to this state is the lack of a single executive, instead a 5 man Cabinet, elected by Parliament leads the Executive Yuan. It is one of the main trademarks of this Fourth Republic, given it is a rejection of the need for a single executive and helps maintain the input of other parties and the people through the organization. The reasoning for the five man executive is rooted in sociology, where 5 is deemed the optimal number, as unlike 2 or 4 there is no potential for deadlock, unlike 3 there won't be the majority where the one is left out, 5 allows for at least 2 coalitions/bloc to form with one member bound to serve as mediator or the deciding vote. This has allowed for a surprisingly stable democracy, with little risk of falling to autocracy or dictatorship, but one able to act decisively as the need be.

### The Examination Yuan

5 man committee elected by the cabinet(with the rubberstamp of the legislative yuan) to oversea government civil service examinations of its mandarin system bureaucracy.

### The Judicial Yuan

The Judicial Yuan is the Supreme Court and Justice system of the Fourth Republic. Its membership is elected by the cabinet, with approval of the legislature(mainly a rubber stamp given the parties have already usually agreed). It functions to determine constitutionality of laws passed by the legislative and executive yuan, runs the Republic's judicial system, ensure universal interpretation of statutes and regulations, impeaches the cabinet, and rules if a party is unconstitutional forcing its legal dissolution.

There are 5 justices, with them being required to have legal background and a recommendation by the legislative yuan before being considered for the post. They would also upon assuming office also hear the appeals of those who have brought it up to the supreme court, a inexpensive process given the general wealth of the region, and efforts by the government to improve access for the poor, however the Judicial Yuan can decide to refuse an appeal.

### The Control Yuan

A committee elected by the Legislative Yuan with 2 of its members coming from elsewhere with either a forensic or accounting background and the remainder being sitting members of the Legislative Yuan. The Committee is provided great autonomy and independence with its membership being rotated out every 5 years obviously not all seats at once.

The Control Yuan holds the sole ability to initiate impeachment of the cabinet which is then handled by the Judicial Yuan. The Control Yuan also does the following:

-Censure Government Officials

-Audit the Government

-Initiate corrective measures against violations

Within it exists a five man anti-corruption committee which enjoys the strongest autonomy of the control yuan's agencies and handles most corruption cases based on the save rule of five as the executive yuan.

### Marshall of the Army, Navy and Airforce

An unelected command position bestowed upon the best general of the Fourth Republic's Armed Forces, the Marshall of the Army, Navy and Airforce is the supreme commander of the Fourth Chinese Republic's Armed Forces. The Marshall would also be recognized as the representative of the armed forces and would be allowed to enter the cabinet acting as a non-voting member of the body.

Reforms undertaken by the Marshall would need to be signed by the Minister of Defense, with the Minister of Defense being the Superior of the Marshall and the one who appointed him in the first place. With cabinets shifting, this forces the Marshall to remain an apolitical post in order to maintain his own authority. Further, the Marshall would be audited substantially as a result of fears of a new Napolean, given his powers and command of the armed forces. In peace-time the branches of the army, navy and airforce are to act as independent branches of the military with the Marshall merely being a ceremonial role. The Marshall of the Army, the Marshall of the Navy and the Marshall of the Airforce are elected by the cabinet, and would function as a counter-measure against the Superior Marshall.

## Political Scene

The Parties within the Political Scene of the Chinese Fourth Republic are as follows:

### **The Republican Party:**

Representing Order, Confucianism and Stability, it also urges for more meritocratic measures to government to improve its efficiency and emphasizes the importance of the social contract on both ends for those under the state and the state itself and by nature emphasized by its name Republicanism. The Republicans as per their origins are loosely opposed to Federalism and support Unitarianism. The Party itself counts on a large agrarian base and advocates land reform on a similar basis to Stolypin's own proposed reforms in Russia.

### **The Chinese National Socialist Party:**

Disclaimer: They're just Nationalistic Socialists not Nazis

Representing Welfare, a Mixed Economy, progressivism and equality. The Party has been known to put a strong emphasis on Human Rights. The Model they wish to follow is that of German Social Democracy as advocated by Philipp Scheidemann, socialization of railroads, mines and land. The Party also loosely supports Federalism and by its nature is Republican. It derives its support from industrial unions and left-leaning intellectuals.

### **The Public Interest Party of China:**

Represents the leading force of Federalism within the Republic, its membership however also include those advocating the municipalization of important infrastructure and peaceful reapproachment with other regions and emphasizes the importance of the Model Province Strategy in this regard. The Organization is fully Republican and ranges from socially conservative individuals to Democratic Socialists.

### **The Progressive Party of China:**

(No relation to the former Yuan-Loyalist Party of the same name):

Advocates following the Free-Market Model of the United States, noting its own success and their own opposition to Maoism. They are supportive of increased Freedoms for the People like their opponent in the Chinese National Socialist Party, as well as increased government transparency to combat corruption. They also loosely support Federalism seeing it as a step to the success of the American State, with a more responsive local government.

### **The Unity Party:**

The Unity Party is an outlier in the Fourth Republic's political scene as one of the few to openly advocate for Unitarianism, and much less it main value. The Unity Party argues that a strong central government is needed to fully end warlordism and the influence of local warlords, who have often created local patronage organizations to maintain control if they were competent. As, well as in their own view, a for more effective way to properly unite and re-sinocize the regions who in their view have begun to drift away into their own regional sub-cultures which threaten to become nationalities of their own. And the clearest argument of all, a stronger basis for modernization of industrial, and infrastructure which has swayed some socialists and capitalists,

### **The Citizen Party:**

Composed of mainly students and middle class, the organization advocates for greater freedom. The Freedom of Movement, Food, Water, Speech, Information and maintaining a voluntary army. The Organization advocates all of these and greater transparency and directness with the government, demanding a return to the people and responsible government, deeming that distance from the people and the madness of power have caused the governments of the past to grow increasingly autocratic as well as corrupt and are responsible for the cycle of renewal and decay for China. They enjoy great popularity.

### **The People's Committee of the Kuomintang:**

Composed primarily of former primarily of Left Kuomintang and some elements of the Right Kuomintang, the party advocates the continuation of Sun Yat Sen's Three Principles, but have recently found themselves facing mediocrity with association to the Northern Regime, as well as a new intellectual organization in the Democracy and Science Forum. Advocating Chinese Nationalism, Democracy and Socialism with dissident elements however insisting on the Georgist welfarism line of thought. The Party has fully cut ties with the North, arguing that the Northern KMT was taken over from the inside by warlords and opportunists with no regard for Sun's Legacy or Message which has gained them some supporters. They largely focus on organization of the Republican Military, instituting discipline within the Bureaucracy, They also currently have ownership of prior KMT properities with the exception of those privatized or now used by the government. They are perhaps the best organized party, a massive credit to its former leader Long Yun.

### **The Democracy and Science Forum:**

Formed by dissident, disillusioned and fully Hu Shih-aligned intellectuals, the organization is dedicated to, "The People, Prosperity and Democracy". However, it also has an unofficial fourth point, continuing the legacy of Hu Shih via the continuance of his push towards societal individualism(opposed to communalism or individualism) which advocates individualism with loyalty to one's society, as well as Hu Shih's characteristic support for Pragmatism which would be interpreted by the organization to mean technocracy and the approach of scientific government to best improve the livelihood of the nation. However, its main focus is science, technology and education which due to continual influence has resulted in public universities and arguably the reason for how developed the Republic is now. They push for the Model Province strategy with the addition of aggression against anti-democratic forces, as well as government usage of sociology and the largest advocate of meritocracy.

## Interest Groups of the Fourth Republic

The Republic is not without its vying interest groups, ranging from unions, businesses and to even unofficial political cliques. It has been even suggested that without these interest groups the Republic could not survive. How right they are...

### The Communications Clique

An unregistered organization that enjoys almost unparalleled economic dominance in the Republic and the leading driver of the Fourth Republic's Economy. Consisting of small to medium business men and unions that formed an organization similar to a Trust whereby they now hold an outright monopoly on the communications sector of the Fourth Republic, complete with an outright Clique stamp on their products. The Organization despite holding a monopoly has ironically improved the general quality of goods and living standard for the average citizen. This is mainly due to their focus on quality and community as nature for small and medium businesses which has been a boon to their popularity and their alliance with unions which has seen rising salaries and increased focus on skilled workers. While this has seen the practical elimination of newer competition and unskilled workers in the sector, it has a good reputation amongst both the people and workers with the government helpless to stop it with neither the reason to as they haven't broken any laws due to their unofficial nature, honesty and the lack of public support to move against them. While some complain about the cost of some of their goods, they have made the future affordable, the worker rich and most importantly have proven their worth with innovation. It was noted that thanks to them, mass production of black and white video cameras with audio was possible, making the democratization of information far easier and the truth to be recorded. A clique with worth...

### The 3 Wise Men

A shadowy Council of anti-democrats to the few that are vaguely aware of their existence, the puppet masters of the republic and the betrayer of Hu Shih's legacy. This is not further from the truth, this secretive cabal exists solely to ensure Democracy survives and the Republic lasts. Formed by Hu Shih in the early days of the Republic, the 3 wise men was a council of 8 men with the name merely functioning to hide the fact that the organization was far larger. The 8 men represent each party, with the organization functioning to guard the Canton Consensus, the unofficial agreement serving to be the real platform of the government as originally hammered out by Hu Shih with elections merely functioning to slightly edit the consensus. The organization is however shaky, as it was intended to be, the Republic's version of Political Tutelage, it is intended to merely rule from the shadows till the people are ready to rule themselves. When that time comes, the council shall dissolve itself and the people unaware of its existence would be free under a new Democracy whatever that be. Some of the more Authoritarian and those of the intellectual class however, suggest reforming the body into a more stable and efficient organization seeking to make this council of the Backrooms into the true ruling body of the Republic and ensure stability at the cost of the Democracy dreamed by Hu Shih and the original Republicans. There have been rumors as well of the Executive Yuan having been entirely subsumed by the organization to the extent that it functions as merely a puppet to the Wise Men, with several who refuse to follow them being forced to resign to maintain the stability and efficiency of the Republic.

### The University Cabal

Students and Professors have long exerted strong influence on the Republic, with college students and professors enjoying the ear of several politicians and friendship with them, not to mention being regarded as the path to success within the republic. The government throughout the Republic has heavily invested into these free public universities and in turn they have begun to be turned into a tub of thinktanks and careerists. Hu Shih University is the leading of these functioning as the thinktank for the Democracy and Science Forum and drafting political policy for them, with regards to Guangzhou University it functions as the Chinese National Socialists own thinktank and enjoys the enrollment of several working class students. Sun Yat Sen University functions as the think tank for the People's Committee of the KMT and has been a product of multiple private investments by Long Yun prior to his own death. The South China Agricultural University is the Think Tank for the Republican Party, the Jinan University(a sister University to the one in Fujian) is the main think tank of the Public Interest Party. The South China University of Technology is associated with the Progressive Party and primarily bankrolled by the Communications Clique, Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts is associated with the Citizen's Party with several proponents of Free Speech emerging from the institution.

## History of the Chinese Fourth Republic

### Li Zongren's Republic

The Chinese Fourth Republic was born April 20th of 1959, with its first President being Li Zongren of the New Guangxi Clique. In the History of the Republic, only 2 men have been made President due to the post being dissolved by the 2nd President and the Legislative Yuan per amendment. The Fourth Republic recognizes the reign of Sun Yat Sen over the Third Republic(The first being the one born from Xinhai and the Second being the 1932 Constitution forged by Cao Kun) but does not recognize Chiang nor any of his successors reign.

The Republic itself was formed of several older cadres of the KMT(New Guangxi Clique mainly), surviving remnants of the Fujian Uprising(Productive People's Party and LKMT), the China Democratic League and dissident intellectuals opposed to the new Xinan Constiution drafted illegally in their view and pre-existing opposition to the current form of the KMT which has devolved in their eyes from the Party of Chinese Democracy and Republicanism into Party-Cadres and a Party-State closer to the Soviet Union than that of Xinhai on the right, and on the left they have abandoned the policies of Sun Yat Sen as well as having turned against their own allies.

The Provisional Parliament was dominated by the CDL followed by the Right KMT(New Guangxi Clique loyalists), Federalists and the Left KMT. Originally it seemed this Republic would be no more than a bid for national power by Li Zongren, which while not really opposed by the legislature, but led to fears of the continued rule of warlords, and internal political scheming against Li and perhaps even the Republic itself. At the height of the early period of the Fourth Republic, it controlled the entirety of Guangxi, Guandong and Hunan helping to emphasize the power of such an early state.

However, the Republic soon faltered in July, with the return of Long Yun, resulting in a protracted war with the Yunnanese Matriarchy to restore former Governor Yun and add that province to the second national revolution. This effort collapsed with the arrival of flood and left the conflict in stalemate as units were soon cutoff by the roaring sea and Guangzhou itself was flooded suddenly. The Guangzhou disaster was with warning but however minor as several intellectuals had attempted to warn the assembly of reports, but cocky and largely uneducated Li Zongren fearful of it being an attempt to force him to flee the city and a political rival assume control forcibly ensured the Legislative Yuan and himself were still in the city, when the aforementioned flood hit wiping out the central nucleus of the Fourth Republic.

### The Hu Shih Era

With the death of Li and most of the Legislative Yuan, many feared an imminent collapse of state authority as regional warlords and rivalries began to emerge. In the immediate aftermath, a rump Legislative Yuan elected Hu Shih as President of the Fourth Republic. The flood and inauguration occurred in February of 1960.

Hu Shih taking direct action, began organizing rescue efforts from the city, which saved several civilians, the founder of the Fourth Republic's Communications Clique: Stanley Ho, at the time unemployed and in the city looking for work. As well as incidentally picking up several survivors of the Legislative Yuan, who had been able to avoid drowning with the rest of the body.