recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Adjara

## Autonomous Republic of Adjara

**Adjara** (Georgian: აჭარა *Ach’ara* [at͡ʃʼara] (listen)) or **Achara**, officially known as the **Autonomous Republic of Adjara** (Georgian: აჭარის ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკა *Ach’aris Avt’onomiuri Resp’ublik’a* [at͡ʃʼaris avtʼɔnɔmiuri rɛspʼublikʼa] (listen)), is a political-administrative region of Georgia. Located in the country's southwestern corner, Adjara lies on the coast of the Black Sea near the foot of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains, north of Turkey. It is an important tourist destination and includes Georgia's second most populous city of Batumi as its capital. About 350,000 people live on its 2,880 km2 (1,110 sq mi).

Adjara is home to the Adjarians, a regional subgroup of Georgians. The name can be spelled in a number of ways, including *Ajara*, *Ajaria*, *Adjaria*, *Adzharia*, *Atchara* and *Achara*. Under the Soviet Union, Adjara was part of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic as the Adjarian ASSR. The autonomous status of Adjara is guaranteed under article 6 of the Treaty of Kars.
Department of Ayacucho

**Ayacucho** (Spanish pronunciation: [aʝaˈkutʃo] (listen)) is a department and region of Peru, located in the south-central Andes of the country. Its capital is the city of Ayacucho. The region was one of the hardest hit in the 1980s during the guerrilla war waged by Shining Path known as the internal conflict in Peru.

A referendum was held on 30 October 2005, in order to decide whether the department would merge with the departments of Ica and Huancavelica to form the new Ica-Ayacucho-Huancavelica Region, as part of the decentralization process in Peru. The proposal failed and no merger was carried out.
Chontales Department

**Chontales** (Spanish: *Departamento de Chontales*) (Spanish pronunciation: [tʃonˈtales]) is a department in Nicaragua. It covers an area of 6,481 km² and has a population of 191,856. The capital is Juigalpa. Some 90 kilometres (56 mi) of land overlooks Lake Cocibolca (Lake Nicaragua) on the western side. The department is livestock and fishing based, and is also a producer of apples.
Altai Republic

The **Altai Republic** (/ˈæltaɪ/; Altai: Алтай Республика, *Altay Respublika*; Kazakh: Алтай Республикасы, Russian: Респу́блика Алта́й, romanized: *Respublika Altay*, pronounced [rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə ɐlˈtaj]), also known as **Gorno-Altai Republic**, and colloquially, and primarily referred to in Russian to distinguish from the neighbouring Altai Krai as the **Gornyi Altai** (Russian: Горный Алтай, lit. 'the mountainous Altai'), is a republic of Russia located in southern Siberia. It is a part of the Siberian Federal District, and covers an area of 92,903 square kilometers (35,870 sq mi); with a population of 210,924 residents. It is the least-populous republic of Russia and least-populous federal subject in the Siberian Federal District. Gorno-Altaysk is the capital and the largest town of the republic.

The Altai Republic is one of Russia's ethnic republics, primarily representing the indigenous Altai people, a Turkic ethnic group that form 37% of the Republic's population, while ethnic Russians form a majority at 54%, and with minority populations of Kazakhs, other Central Asian ethnicities, and Germans. The official languages of the Altai Republic are Russian and Altai. Kazakh is official in areas of compact settlement of its speakers.
Apure

**Apure State** (Spanish: *Estado Apure*, IPA: [esˈtaðo aˈpuɾe]) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. Its territory formed part of the provinces of Mérida, Maracaibo, and Barinas, in accordance with successive territorial ordinations pronounced by the colonial authorities. In 1824 the Department of Apure was created, under jurisdiction of Barinas, which laid the foundations for the current entity. In 1856 it separated from Barinas and for the first time Apure appeared as an independent province, which in 1864 acquired the status of state. In 1881, however, a new territorial division combined Apure and Guayana to form a single state named *Bolívar.* In 1899 it reestablished its autonomy and finally, by means of the Constitution of 1909, gained its current borders.

The territory was famous for heron plumes, which adorned European courts. At the same time, it was the scene of armed encounters that marked the evolution of the War for Independence, as well as numerous battles during the civil war. In the Apurean environs, Rómulo Gallegos was inspired to write his novel Doña Bárbara, which describes the magnitude of this land.
Botswana

## Flag

**Botswana**, officially the **Republic of Botswana**, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. Botswana is topographically flat, with approximately 70 percent of its territory being the Kalahari Desert. It is bordered by South Africa to the south and southeast, Namibia to the west and north, and Zimbabwe to the northeast. It is connected to Zambia across the short Zambezi River border by the Kazungula Bridge.

## History

### Pre-colonial History

* Bantu-speaking peoples
* Kingdom of Mapungubwe

## Subdivisions

* Southern District
* South-East District
* Kweneng District
* Kgatleng District
* Central District
* North-East District
* North-West District
* Kgalagadi District
* Chobe District
* Ghanzi District
Artsakh

## Flag

**Artsakh**, officially the **Republic of Artsakh** (/ˈɑːrtsɑːx, -sæx/ *ART-sa(h)kh*) or the **Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh** (/nəˌɡɔːrnoʊ kærəˈbæk/ *nə-GOR-noh karr-ə-BAK*), is a breakaway state in the South Caucasus whose territory is internationally recognised as part of Azerbaijan. Its population is predominantly of Armenian ethnicity, Christian, most being affiliated with the Armenian Apostolic Church, and the primary spoken language is Armenian. Between 1991 and 2023, Artsakh controlled parts of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO), including the capital of Stepanakert, functioning as a *de facto* independent republic, even though no United Nations member state recognized it. Artsakh has been an enclave within Azerbaijan. Its only overland access route to Armenia is via the 5 km (3.1 mi) wide Lachin corridor.

For centuries, the Muslim Azerbaijani and Christian Armenian populations, both of whom call the region of Nagorno-Karabakh home, have clashed over its control. The conflict dates back to the end of the Russian Empire and was kept under relative control during Soviet rule, until it escalated as the Soviet Union was on the brink of collapse. It erupted into a full-out war in 1992, following the declarations of independence by Azerbaijan and Armenia, and the former NKAO – which had been under Azerbaijan SSR control for most of the Soviet period – also declared itself an independent republic. Armenian forces gained control of Nagorno-Karabakh and extended their occupation to significant Azerbaijani territories beyond the disputed region, occupying 20 percent of Azerbaijan's geographic area and creating a buffer zone around Lachin that connected Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia
Demerara-Mahaica

**Demerara-Mahaica** (Region 4) is a region of Guyana, bordering the Atlantic Ocean to the north, the region of Mahaica-Berbice to the east, the region of Upper Demerara-Berbice to the south and the region of Essequibo Islands-West Demerara to the west.

It contains the country's capital Georgetown. Notable villages in the region include Buxton, Enmore, Victoria and Paradise.
Bueng Kan province

**Bueng Kan** (Thai: บึงกาฬ, RTGS: *Bueng Kan*, pronounced [bɯ̄ŋ kāːn]), also spelled **Bung Kan**, is the 76th province (*changwat*) of Thailand, established by the Act Establishing Changwat Bueng Kan, BE 2554 (2011) on 23 March 2011. The province, consisting of the districts (*amphoe*) partitioned off Nong Khai province, lies in upper northeastern Thailand also called *Isan* (Thai: อีสาน). It is named after its central district, Mueang Bueng Kan.
Darién Province

**Darién** (UK: /ˈdɛəriən, ˈdær-/, US: /ˌdɛəriˈɛn, ˌdɑːr-, dɑːrˈjɛn/, Spanish: [daˈɾjen]) is a province in Panama whose capital city is La Palma. With an area of 11,896.5 km2 (4,593.3 sq mi), it is located at the eastern end of the country and bordered to the north by the province of Panamá and the region of Kuna Yala. To the south, it is bordered by the Pacific Ocean and Colombia. To the east, it borders Colombia; to the west, it borders the Pacific Ocean and the province of Panama.

The area surrounding the border with Colombia is known as the Darién Gap, a large swath of undeveloped swampland and forest. With no roads, it is the missing link of the Pan-American Highway.
Bahrain

## Flag

**Bahrain**, officially the **Kingdom of Bahrain**, is an island country in Western Asia. It is situated on the Persian Gulf, and comprises a small archipelago made up of 50 natural islands and an additional 33 artificial islands, centered on Bahrain Island which makes up around 83 percent of the country's landmass. Bahrain is situated between Qatar and the northeastern coast of Saudi Arabia, to which it is connected by the King Fahd Causeway. According to the 2020 census, the country's population numbers 1,501,635, of which 712,362 are Bahraini nationals. Bahrain spans some 760 square kilometres (290 sq mi), and is the third-smallest nation in Asia after the Maldives and Singapore. The capital and largest city is Manama.

## History

### Prehistory

* Dilmun
* Kassite (dynasty) control
* Neo-Assyrian Empire?
* Neo-Babylonian Empire?

### Antiquity

* Achaemenid Empire
* Parthian Empire
* Sasanian Empire
* Greek influence?
* Dioceses of Beth Qatraye (just a regional name)

### Middle Ages

* Muhammad in Medina (Islamic State of Medina)
* Rashidun Caliphate
* Umayyad Caliphate
* Abbasid Caliphate
* Qarmatians
* Uyunid Emirate
	+ Uyunid dynasty
* Usfurids
* Jarwanid dynasty
* Jabrids

### Early Modern Period

* Portuguese port
* Ottoman Empire
* Lahsa Eyalet
* Safavid Iran
* Omani controled Bahrain
* Afsharid Iran
* Zand dynasty
* Qajar Iran
* British Protectorate

### Modern Period

* Pahlavi Iran province
* Kingdom of Bahrain

## Governorates

* Capital Governorate
* Muharraq Governorate
* Northern Governorate
* Southern Governorate
Croatia

## Flag

**Croatia**, officially the **Republic of Croatia**, is a country at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe. It shares a coastline along the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Italy to the west and southwest. Its capital and largest city, Zagreb, forms one of the country's primary subdivisions, with twenty counties. The country spans 56,594 square kilometres (21,851 square miles), and has a population of nearly 3.9 million.
Arauca Department

**Arauca** (Spanish pronunciation: [aˈɾawka]) is a department of Eastern Colombia located in the extreme north of the Orinoco Basin of Colombia (the Llanos Orientales), bordering Venezuela. The southern boundary of Arauca is formed by the Casanare and Meta Rivers, separating Arauca from the departments of Casanare and Vichada. To the west, Arauca borders the department of Boyacá. The Caño Limón oil fields located within Arauca account for almost a third of the Colombian oil output. Its capital is the town of Arauca.
Donetsk Oblast

**Donetsk Oblast** (Ukrainian: Донецька область, romanized: *Donetska oblast*, IPA: [doˈnɛtsʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as **Donechchyna** (Донеччина), is an oblast in eastern Ukraine. It is Ukraine's most populous province, with around 4.1 million residents. Its administrative centre is Donetsk, though due to the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War, the regional administration was moved to Kramatorsk. Historically, the region has been an important part of the Donbas region. From its creation in 1938 until November 1961, it bore the name *Stalino Oblast* as Donetsk was then named "Stalino", in honour of Joseph Stalin. As part of the de-Stalinization process, it was renamed after the Siversky Donets river, the main artery of Eastern Ukraine. Its population is estimated as 4,100,280 (2021 est.)

The oblast is known for its urban sprawl of Donetsk–Makiivka and Horlivka–Yenakiieve and it is often associated with the coal mining industry.
Arizona

**Arizona** (/ˌærɪˈzoʊnə/ (listen) *ARR-ih-ZOH-nə*; Navajo: *Hoozdo Hahoodzo* [hoː˥z̥to˩ ha˩hoː˩tso˩]; O'odham: *Alĭ ṣonak* [ˈaɭi̥ ˈʂɔnak]) is a state in the Southwestern United States. It is the 6th-largest and the 14th-most-populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is part of the Four Corners region with Utah to the north, Colorado to the northeast, and New Mexico to the east; its other neighboring states are Nevada to the northwest, California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest.

Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, achieving statehood on February 14, 1912. Historically part of the territory of *Alta California* in New Spain, it became part of independent Mexico in 1821. After being defeated in the Mexican–American War, Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848. The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase.
Amapá

**Amapá** ([amaˈpa] (listen)) is one of the 26 states of Brazil. It is in the North Region of Brazil. It is the second-least populous state and the eighteenth-largest state by area. Located in the far northern part of the country, Amapá is bordered clockwise by French Guiana to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Pará to the south and west, and Suriname to the northwest. The capital and largest city is Macapá. The state has 0.4% of the Brazilian population and is responsible for only 0.22% of the Brazilian GDP.

In the colonial period the region was called **Portuguese Guiana** and was part of Portugal's State of Brazil. Later, the region was distinguished from the other Guianas. Amapá was once part of Pará, but became a separate territory in 1943, and a state in 1990.

The dominant feature of the region, and 90 percent of its total area, is the Amazon rainforest. Unexplored forests occupy 70 percent of Amapá, and Tumucumaque Mountains National Park, established in 2002, is the largest tropical forest park in the world. The estuary of the River Oiapoque is the northernmost point of coastal Brazil.
Cape Verde

## Flag

Cape Verde or Cabo Verde, officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an archipelago and island country in the central Atlantic Ocean, consisting of ten volcanic islands with a combined land area of about 4,033 square kilometres (1,557 sq mi).[10] These islands lie between 600 and 850 kilometres (320 and 460 nautical miles) west of Cap-Vert, the westernmost point of continental Africa. The Cape Verde islands form part of the Macaronesia ecoregion, along with the Azores, the Canary Islands, Madeira, and the Savage Isles.

## History

### Modern History

* Uninhabited Cape Verde
* Portuguese Cape Verde
* Independent Cape Verde

## Administrative Divisions

### Barlavento Island Group

#### Santo Antão

* Ribeira Grande Municipality
* Paul Municipality
* Porto Novo Municipality

#### São Nicolau

* Ribeira Brava Municipality
* Tarrafal de São Nicolau Municipality

### Sotavento Island Group

#### Santiago

* Praia Municipality
* São Domingos Municipality
* Santa Catarina Municipality
* São Salvador do Mundo Municipality
* Santa Cruz Municipality
* São Lourenço dos Órgãos Municipality
* Ribeira Grande de Santiago Municipality
* São Miguel Municipality
* Tarrafal Municipality

#### Fogo

* São Filipe Municipality
* Santa Catarina do Fogo Municipality
* Mosteiros Municipality
Aomori Prefecture

**Aomori Prefecture** (青森県, *Aomori-ken*) is a prefecture of Japan in the Tōhoku region. The prefecture's capital, largest city, and namesake is the city of Aomori. Aomori is the northernmost prefecture on Japan's main island, Honshu, and is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the east, Iwate Prefecture to the southeast, Akita Prefecture to the southwest, the Sea of Japan to the west, and Hokkaido across the Tsugaru Strait to the north. Aomori Prefecture is the 8th-largest prefecture, with an area of 9,645.64 km2 (3,724.20 sq mi), and the 31st-most populous prefecture, with more than 1.2 million people. Approximately 45 percent of Aomori Prefecture's residents live in its two core cities, Aomori and Hachinohe, which lie on coastal plains. The majority of the prefecture is covered in forested mountain ranges, with population centers occupying valleys and plains. Aomori is the third-most populous prefecture in the Tōhoku region, after Miyagi Prefecture and Fukushima Prefecture. Mount Iwaki, an active stratovolcano, is the prefecture's highest point, at almost 1,624.7 m (5,330 ft).
Enga Province

**Enga** is one of the provinces in Papua New Guinea (PNG). It is located in the north most region of the highlands of PNG, having been divided from the Western Highlands to become a separate province when the provinces were created at the time of independence in 1975. The people of Enga are called Engans—they are a majority ethnic group—speaking one language in all its five districts: approximately 500,000 people. A small minority of Engans' land on the eastern side of the region remained in the Western Highlands, their territory being accessible by road from Mount Hagen but not directly from elsewhere in Enga territory.
Damietta Governorate

## Flag

**Damietta Governorate** (Arabic: محافظة دمياط *Muḥafazah Dumyāṭ* [moˈħɑfzet domˈjɑːtˤ]) is one of the governorates of Egypt. It is located in the northeastern part of the country, and has a population of over 1 million. Its capital is the city of Damietta.

Damietta (city) is famous for its guava farms, as well as the palm trees that cover the coast from Ras El Bar in the east to Gamasa in the west. The governorate exports millions of palm trees to many countries every year, including Greece and China. Damietta also produces wheat, maize, cotton, rice, potatoes, lemon, grapes and tomatoes. It is also famous for its sweet industry, sardine packing, and Domiati cheese. Ras El Bar, one of the oldest summer resorts in Egypt, is located at the point where The Nile meets the Mediterranean Sea.
Bolívar Department

**Bolivar** (Spanish pronunciation: [boˈliβaɾ]) is a department of Colombia. It was named after one of the original nine states of the United States of Colombia. It is located to the north of the country, extending roughly north–south from the Caribbean coast at Cartagena near the mouth of the Magdalena River, then south along the river to a border with Antioch Department.The departments of Sucre and Cordoba are located to the west, and Atlantic Department to the north and east (most of the border formed by the Canal del Dique). Across the Magdalena River to the east is Magdalena Department. The flag of the department bears a resemblance to the flag of Lithuania.

Its capital is Cartagena de Indias. Other important cities include Magangue, El Carmen de Bolivar and Turbaco.
Djibouti

## Flag

**Djibouti**, officially the **Republic of Djibouti**, is a country in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Somalia to the south, Ethiopia to the southwest, Eritrea in the north, and the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden to the east. The country has an area of 23,200 km2 (8,958 sq mi).

## History

### Prehistory

* Afroasiatic-speaking populations
* Neolithic cultures

### Early Modern Period

* Sultanate of Ifat
* Adal Sultanate

### Ottoman Empire Period

* Egypt Eyalet
* Khedivate's Somali Coast

### European Period

* French Somaliland
* French Territory of the Afars and the Issas

## Regions

* Ali Sabieh Region
* Arta Region
* Dikhil Region
* Djibouti Region
* Obock Region
* Tadjourah Region
Department of Lambayeque

**Lambayeque** (Spanish pronunciation: [lambaˈʝeke]) is a department and region in northwestern Peru known for its rich Moche and Chimú historical past. The region's name originates from the ancient pre-Inca civilization of the *Lambayeque*. It is the second-smallest department in Peru after Tumbes, but it is also its most densely populated department and its eighth most populous department.
England

## Flag

**England** is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain, which lies in the North Atlantic, and includes over 100 smaller islands, such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.

## History

### Prehistory

* Creswellian culture
* Paleolithic and Neolithic cultures
* Bell Beaker culture
* Hallstatt culture

### Antiquity

* Celtic tribes
* Roman Empire
* Roman Britain
* Anglo-Saxon migrations & settlements

### Middle Ages

* Bernicia
* Deira
* Northumbria
* Kingdom of Sussex
* Kingdom of Kent
* Kingdom of Essex
* Mercia
* Wessex
* Kingdom of East Anglia
* Kingdom of Lindsey
* Hwicce
* Danelaw
* Scandinavian York
* North Sea Empire
* Kingdom of England (927-1066)
* Kingdom of England (927-1707)
* Angevin Empire

### Early Modern Period

* Early British colonies
* Commonwealth of England
* The Protectorate
* Commonwealth of England (1659-1660)
* Kingdom of England
* Kingdom of Great Britain
* British Empire
* United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

### Modern Period

* United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

## Regions

### South East England

* Berkshire
* Buckinghamshire
* East Sussex
* Hampshire
* Isle of Wight
* Kent
* Oxfordshire
* Surrey
* West Sussex

### Greater London

* City of London
* Greater London

### North West England

* Cheshire
* Cumbria
* Greater Manchester
* Lancashire
* Merseyside

### East of England

* Bedfordshire
* Cambridgeshire
* Essex
* Hertfordshire
* Norfolk
* Suffolk

### West Midlands

* Herefordshire
* Shropshire
* Staffordshire
* Warwickshire
* West Midlands (county)
* Worcestershire

### South West England

* Bristol
* Cornwall
* Devon
* Dorset
* Gloucestershire
* Somerset
* Wiltshire

### Yorkshire and the Humber

* East Riding of Yorkshire
* North Yorkshire
* South Yorkshire
* West Yorkshire
* Lincolnshire (north and north-east)

### East Midlands

* Derbyshire
* Leicestershire
* Lincolnshire
* Northamptonshire
* Nottinghamshire
* Rutland

### North East England

* County Durham
* Northumberland
* Tyne and Wear
* North Yorkshire
Enugu State

## Flag

**Enugu State** (Igbo: *Ȯra Enugu*) is a state in the South-East geopolitical zone of Nigeria, bordered to the north by the states of Benue and Kogi, Ebonyi State to the east and southeast, Abia State to the south, and Anambra State to the west. The state takes its name from its capital and largest city, Enugu.
Australia

## Flag

**Australia**, officially the **Commonwealth of Australia**, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. With an area of 7,617,930 square kilometres (2,941,300 sq mi), Australia is the largest country by area in Oceania and the world's sixth-largest country. Australia is the oldest, flattest, and driest inhabited continent, with the least fertile soils. It is a megadiverse country, and its size gives it a wide variety of landscapes and climates, with deserts in the centre, tropical rainforests in the north-east, and mountain ranges in the south-east.

## History

### Colonial Period

* Colony of New South Wales
* Van Diemen's Land
* Swan River Colony
* Province of SA & South Australia Colony
* Colony of Victoria
* Colony of Queensland
* Colony of Northern Australia (short-lived)

### Federation Period-Present

* Federation of Australia
* Commonwealth of Australia

## Separatism

### Aboriginal Australians

* Murrawarri Republic, Sovereign Yidindji Government, Northern Territory, Euahlayi people's republic, and others

### Norfolk Island

* Autonomous region of Australia or associated state of New Zealand
Department of Lima

The **Department of Lima** (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈlima]) is a department and region located in the central coast of Peru; the seat of the regional government is Huacho.

Lima Province, which contains the city of Lima, the country's capital, is located west of the Department of Lima; this province is autonomous and not under the jurisdiction of the regional government.
Brest Region

**Brest Region** or **Brest Oblast** or **Brest Voblasts** (Belarusian: Брэ́сцкая во́бласць *(Bresckaja vobłasć)*; Russian: Бре́стская о́бласть (*Brestskaya Oblast)*) is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Brest.

Important cities within the region include: Brest, Baranavichy, and Pinsk.
Cauca Department

**Cauca Department** (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkawka], Spanish: *Departamento del Cauca*) is a Department of Southwestern Colombia. Located in the southwestern part of the country, facing the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Valle del Cauca Department to the north, Tolima Department to the northeast, Huila Department to the east, and Nariño Department to the south. Putumayo and Caqueta Departments border the southeast portion of Cauca Department as well. It covers a total area of 29,308 km2 (11,316 sq mi), the 13th largest in Colombia. Its capital is the city of Popayán. The offshore island of Malpelo belongs to the department. It is located in the southwest of the country, mainly in the Andean and Pacific regions (between 0°58′54″N and 3°19′04″N latitude, 75°47′36″W and 77°57′05″W longitude) plus a tiny part (Piamonte) in the Amazonian region. The area includes 2.56% of the country.
Emirate of Sharjah

The **Emirate of Sharjah** (/ˈʃɑːrdʒə/; Arabic: إِمَارَة ٱلشَّارِقَة *Imārat Aš-Šāriqah*) is one of the emirates of the United Arab Emirates, which covers 2,590 square kilometres (1,000 sq mi) and has a population of over 1,400,000 (2015). It comprises the capital city of Sharjah, after which it is named, and other minor towns and exclaves such as Kalba', Al Dhaid, Dibba Al-Hisn and Khor Fakkan.

The emirate is an absolute monarchy. It has been ruled by Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi since 1972, except for a six-day period during an attempted coup d'etat by his brother, Sheikh Abdulaziz bin Mohammed Al-Qasimi.
Equatorial Guinea

## Flag

**Equatorial Guinea**, officially the **Republic of Equatorial Guinea**, is a country on the west coast of Central Africa, with an area of 28,000 square kilometres (11,000 sq mi). Formerly the colony of Spanish Guinea, its post-independence name evokes its location near both the Equator and the Gulf of Guinea. As of 2021, the country had a population of 1,468,777.

Equatorial Guinea consists of two parts, an insular and a mainland region. The insular region consists of the islands of Bioko (formerly *Fernando Pó*) in the Gulf of Guinea and Annobón, a small volcanic island which is the only part of the country south of the equator. Bioko Island is the northernmost part of Equatorial Guinea and is the site of the country's capital, Malabo. The Portuguese-speaking island nation of São Tomé and Príncipe is located between Bioko and Annobón. The mainland region, Río Muni, is bordered by Cameroon on the north and Gabon on the south and east. It is the location of Bata, Equatorial Guinea's largest city, and Ciudad de la Paz, the country's planned future capital. Rio Muni also includes several small offshore islands, such as Corisco, Elobey Grande, and Elobey Chico. The country is a member of the African Union, Francophonie, OPEC and the CPLP.

## History

### Early History

* Pygmy & Bantu cultures
* Bubi & Igbo cultures
* Aro Confederacy

### Colonial Period

* Colony of Fernado Po (Portuguese colony) - island of Bioko
* Elobey, Annobón, and Corisco
* Spanish Guinea (1778-1968)

### Independence Period

* 1st Republic of Equatorial Guinea (1968-1979) (authoritarian one-party state dictatorship)
* 2nd Republic of Equatorial Guinea (1979-present)

## Provinces

* Annobón
* Bioko Norte
* Bioko Sur
* Centro Sur
* Djibloho
* Kié-Ntem
* Litoral
* Wele-Nzas
Arkansas

**Arkansas** (/ˈɑːrkənsɔː/ (listen) *AR-kən-saw*) is a landlocked state in the South Central United States. It is bordered by Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, and Texas and Oklahoma to the west. Its name is from the Osage language, a Dhegiha Siouan language, and referred to their relatives, the Quapaw people. The state's diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains, which make up the U.S. Interior Highlands, to the densely forested land in the south known as the Arkansas Timberlands, to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River and the Arkansas Delta.
Cañar Province

**Cañar** (Spanish pronunciation: [kaˈɲaɾ]) is a province in Ecuador. The capital is Azogues. At the time of census 2010 the province had a population of 225,184. It contains the 16th-century ruins of Ingapirca, the best-known Inca settlement in Ecuador and a product of their conquest of the indigenous Cañari.
Autonomous Republic of Crimea

The **Autonomous Republic of Crimea**, commonly known as **Crimea**, is an autonomous republic of Ukraine encompassing most of Crimea that was annexed by Russia in 2014. The Autonomous Republic of Crimea occupies most of the peninsula, while the City of Sevastopol (a city with special status within Ukraine) occupies the rest.

The Cimmerians, Bulgars, Greeks, Scythians, Goths, Huns, Khazars, the state of Kievan Rus', Byzantine Greeks, Kipchaks, Ottoman Turks, Golden Horde Tatars and the Mongols each controlled Crimea in its earlier history. In the 13th century, it was partly controlled by the Venetians and by the Genoese. They were followed by the Crimean Khanate and the Ottoman Empire in the 15th to 18th centuries, the Russian Empire in the 18th to 20th centuries, Germany during World War II, and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and later the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, within the Soviet Union during the rest of the 20th century until Crimea became part of independent Ukraine with the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Emilia-Romagna

**Emilia-Romagna** (UK: /ɪˌmiːliə roʊˈmɑːnjə/, US: /eɪˌmiːljə/, both also /ɛˌmiːljə -/; Italian: [eˈmiːlja roˈmaɲɲa]; Emilian: *Emégglia-Rumâgna* or *Emîlia-Rumâgna*; Romagnol: *Emélia-Rumâgna*) is one of the 20 administrative regions of Italy, situated in the north of the country, comprising the historical regions of Emilia and Romagna. Its capital is Bologna. It has an area of 22,446 km2 (8,666 sq mi), and about 4.4 million inhabitants.

Emilia-Romagna is one of the wealthiest and most developed regions in Europe, with the third highest gross domestic product per capita in Italy. Bologna, its capital, has one of Italy's highest quality of life indices and advanced social services. Emilia-Romagna is also a cultural, economic, and tourist center, being the home of the University of Bologna, the oldest university in the world; containing Romanesque and Renaissance cities, such as Modena, Parma and Ferrara, and the once Western Roman Empire's capital city, Ravenna; encompassing eleven UNESCO heritage sites; being a center for food and automobile production (home of automotive companies such as Ferrari, Lamborghini, Maserati, Pagani, De Tomaso, Dallara, and Ducati); and having popular coastal resorts such as Cervia, Cesenatico, Rimini and Riccione. In 2018, the Lonely Planet guide named Emilia-Romagna as the best place to see in Europe. The region is also home to the third largest community of foreign residents in the country, after Lombardy and Lazio.
Aragua

**Aragua State** (Spanish: *Estado Aragua*, IPA: [esˈtaðo aˈɾaɣwa]) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. It is located in the north-central region of Venezuela. It has plains and jungles and Caribbean beaches. The most popular are Cata and Choroni. It has Venezuela's first national park which is called Henri Pittier. The capital is Maracay, other important cities include Turmero and El Limón.

Aragua State covers a total surface area of 7,014 km2 (2,708 sq mi) and, based on the 2011 census information, the estimated population of Aragua State in 2012 is 1,630,308 inhabitants.
Chimbu Province

**Chimbu**, more frequently spelled **Simbu**, is a province in the Highlands Region of Papua New Guinea. The province has an area of 6,112 km2 and a population of 376,473 (2011 census). The capital of the province is Kundiawa. Mount Wilhelm, the tallest mountain in Papua New Guinea, is on the border of Simbu.
Buriram province

**Buriram province** (Thai: จังหวัดบุรีรัมย์, RTGS: *Changwat Buri Ram*, pronounced [t͡ɕāŋ.wàt bū.rīː rām]; Northern Khmer: มืฺงแปะ, pronounced [mɤːŋ.pɛʔ]) is one of Thailand's seventy-six Provinces (*changwat*) and lies in lower northeastern Thailand, also called Isan. Neighboring provinces are (from south clockwise) Sa Kaeo, Nakhon Ratchasima, Khon Kaen, Maha Sarakham, and Surin. To the southeast it borders Oddar Meanchey province of Cambodia. The name "Buriram" means 'city of happiness'.
Corrientes Province

**Corrientes** (Spanish pronunciation: [koˈrjentes], lit. ‘currents’ or ‘streams’; Guarani: *Taragui*), officially the **Province of Corrientes** (Spanish: *Provincia de Corrientes*; Guarani: *Taragüí Tetãmini*) is a province in northeast Argentina, in the Mesopotamia region. It is surrounded by (from the north, clockwise): Paraguay, the province of Misiones, Brazil, Uruguay, and the provinces of Entre Rios, Santa Fe and Chaco.
Alberta

**Alberta** (/ælˈbɜːrtə/ *al-BUR-tə*) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is part of Western Canada and is one of the three prairie provinces. Alberta is bordered by British Columbia to the west, Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories (NWT) to the north, and the U.S. state of Montana to the south. It is one of the only two landlocked provinces in Canada (Saskatchewan being the other). The eastern part of the province is occupied by the Great Plains, while the western part borders the Rocky Mountains. The province has a predominantly continental climate but experiences quick temperature changes due to air aridity. Seasonal temperature swings are less pronounced in western Alberta due to occasional Chinook winds.
Department of Puno

**Puno** (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpuno]) is a department and region in southeastern Peru. It is the fifth largest department in Peru, after Cuzco, Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto. It is bordered by Bolivia on the east, the departments of Madre de Dios on the north, Cusco and Arequipa on the west, Moquegua on the southwest, and Tacna on the south. Its capital is the city of Puno, which is located on Lake Titicaca in the geographical region known as the Altiplano or high sierra.

Puno was the territory of the Tiahuanacos (800 A.D. – 1200 A.D.), who were the highest cultural expression of the Aymara people who established themselves in what is today Peru and Bolivia. The Incas took over these lands in the fifteenth century, and the Spanish, attracted by the mining industry developed there, left an important Colonial legacy throughout the entire area.
Bocas del Toro Province

**Bocas del Toro** (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈbokas ðel ˈtoɾo]; meaning "Mouths of the Bull") is a province of Panama. Its area is 4,643.9 square kilometers, comprising the mainland and nine main islands. The province consists of the Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Bahía Almirante (Almirante Bay), Chiriquí Lagoon, and adjacent mainland. The capital is the city of Bocas del Toro (or Bocas Town) on Isla Colón (Colón Island). Other major cities or towns include Almirante and Changuinola. The province has a population of 125,461 as of 2010.

Christopher Columbus and his crew first visited the area in 1502. Bocas del Toro borders the Caribbean Sea to the north, Limón Province of Costa Rica to the west, Chiriquí Province to the south, and Ngöbe-Buglé Comarca to the east. The Río Sixaola forms part of the border with Costa Rica. An old railroad bridge spans the river between Guabito and Sixaola, Costa Rica. The bridge is a border crossing used by tourists going between destinations in Bocas del Toro and Costa Rica.

The province contains two national parks, Isla Bastimentos National Marine Park and La Amistad International Park. The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute operates a research station on Colón Island just northwest of Bocas Town. There are many banana plantations in Bocas del Toro, often called the *oro verde*, or green gold of Central America.
Bomi County

## Flag

**Bomi** is a county in the northwestern portion of the West African nation of Liberia. The county was established in 1984. The county's area is 746 square miles (1,900 km2).

Bomi is one of 15 counties that comprise the first-level of administrative division in the nation. Tubmanburg serves as the county's capital. The County has four administrive districts.

Bomi is bordered on the northwest by Grand Cape Mount County, on the northeast by Gbarpolu and Bong Counties, on the southeast by Montserrado County and on the southwest by the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2008 Liberian census, Bomi had a population of 84,119, making it the nation's eleventh most populous county.
Australian Capital Territory

The **Australian Capital Territory** (commonly abbreviated as **ACT**), known as the **Federal Capital Territory** (**FCT**) until 1938, is a landlocked federal territory of Australia containing the national capital Canberra and some surrounding townships. It is located in southeastern Australian mainland as an enclave completely within the state of New South Wales. Founded after Federation as the seat of government for the new nation, the territory hosts the headquarters of all important institutions of the Australian Government.

On 1 January 1901, federation of the colonies of Australia was achieved. Section 125 of the new Australian Constitution provided that land, situated in New South Wales and at least 100 mi (160 km) from Sydney, would be ceded to the new federal government. Following discussion and exploration of various areas within New South Wales, the *Seat of Government Act 1908* was passed in 1908 which specified a capital in the Yass-Canberra region. The territory was transferred to the federal government by New South Wales in 1911, two years prior to the capital city being founded and formally named as Canberra in 1913.
Delta State

**Delta State** is a state in the South-east geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Named after the Niger Delta—a large part of which is in the state—the state was formed from the former Bendel State on August 27, 1991. Bordered on the north by Edo State, the east by Anambra and Rivers States, and the south by Bayelsa State while to the west is the Bight of Benin which covers about 160 kilometres of the state's coastline. The State was initially created with 12 local government areas in 1991 which was later extended to 19 and now has 25 local government areas. Asaba as its state capital is located along the River Niger on the northeastern end of the State, while the state's economic centre is the twin cities of Warri and Uvwie
Department of Ucayali

**Ucayali** (Spanish pronunciation: [ukaˈʝali]) is an inland department and region of Peru. Located in the Amazon rainforest, its name is derived from the Ucayali River. Its capital is the city of Pucallpa. It is the second largest department in Peru, after Loreto, and it is slightly larger than South Korea.
Caazapá Department

**Caazapá** (Spanish pronunciation: [ka(a)saˈpa]) is a department in Paraguay. The capital is the city of Caazapá. Among Paraguayans, the department is well known for its orange and mandarin trees, and for its forest hills. The eastern part of Caazapá is relatively undeveloped and consists of rolling hills and large swaths of Brazilian Atlantic interior rainforest between the San Rafael mountains to the south and the Ybytyruzú mountains to the north. The western part is an area of low-lying marshes and swampland area, and consists of wetlands and tributaries to eastern Paraguay's largest river, the Tebicuary. Many indigenous groups make their home in what remains of the rainforest, especially south of the unpaved highway between San Juan Nepomuceno and Tavaí. Mby'a and Guayaki people, who practice farming corn, cassava and yerba mate under the canopy of the forest live in small bands and travel mainly by foot. They are technically protected and their land is a national reserve, but illegal loggers, ranchers, and more recently, Brazilian soybean growers have encroached upon their territory. With Paraguay's weak legal infrastructure, little can be done by way of enforcement or sanctions.
Chanthaburi province

**Chanthaburi** (Thai: จันทบุรี, pronounced [tɕān.tʰá(ʔ).bū.rīː]; Chong: จันกะบูย *chankabui*, lit. 'Lady Chan, Who wears a pan on her head') is one of seven provinces (*changwat*) in eastern Thailand, on the border with Battambang and Pailin of Cambodia, on the shore of the Gulf of Thailand. Neighbouring provinces are Trat in the east and Rayong, Chonburi, Chachoengsao, and Sa Kaeo to the west and north.
Berat County

**Berat County** (Albanian pronunciation: [beɽat]; Albanian: Qarku Berat), officially the **County of Berat** (Albanian: Qarku i Beratit), is a county in the Southern Region of the Republic of Albania. It is the ninth largest by area and the ninth most populous of the twelve counties, with around 119,450 people within an area of 1,798 km2 (694 sq mi). The county borders the counties of Elbasan to the north, Korçë to the east, Gjirokastër to the south and Fier to the west. It is divided into five municipalities, Berat, Dimal, Kuçovë, Poliçan and Skrapar, with all of whom incorporate twenty-five administrative units.
Carinthia

**Carinthia** (German: *Kärnten* [ˈkɛʁntn̩] (listen); Slovene: *Koroška* [kɔˈɾóːʃka] (listen)) is the southernmost Austrian state, in the Eastern Alps, and is noted for its mountains and lakes. The main language is German. Its regional dialects belong to the Southern Bavarian group. Carinthian Slovene dialects, forms of a South Slavic language that predominated in the southeastern part of the region up to the first half of the 20th century, are now spoken by a small minority in the area.

Carinthia's main industries are tourism, electronics, engineering, forestry, and agriculture.
Castilla–La Mancha

**Castilla–La Mancha** (UK: /kæˌstiːjə læ ˈmæntʃə/, US: /- lɑː ˈmɑːntʃə/, Spanish: [kasˈtiʎa la ˈmantʃa] (listen)) is an autonomous community of Spain. Comprising the provinces of Albacete, Ciudad Real, Cuenca, Guadalajara and Toledo, it was created in 1982. The government headquarters are in Toledo, and its largest city is Albacete.

The region largely occupies the southern half of the Iberian Peninsula's Inner Plateau, including large parts of the catchment areas of the Tagus, the Guadiana and the Júcar, while the northeastern relief comprises the Sistema Ibérico mountain massif.

It is bordered by Castile and León, Madrid, Aragon, Valencia, Murcia, Andalusia, and Extremadura. It is one of the most sparsely populated of Spain's regions. Albacete, Guadalajara, Toledo, Talavera de la Reina and Ciudad Real concentrate the largest urban areas in the region.
Burgenland

**Burgenland** (German pronunciation: [ˈbʊʁɡn̩lant] (listen); Hungarian: *Őrvidék*; Croatian: *Gradišće*; Austro-Bavarian: *Burgnland;* Slovene: *Gradiščanska*) is the easternmost and least populous state of Austria. It consists of two statutory cities and seven rural districts, with a total of 171 municipalities. It is 166 km (103 mi) long from north to south but much narrower from west to east (5 km (3.1 mi) wide at Sieggraben). The region is part of the Centrope Project.
Antwerp Province

**Antwerp Province** (Dutch: *Provincie Antwerpen* [ˈɑntʋɛrpə(n)] (listen)' French: *Province d'Anvers*, German: *Provinz Antwerpen*) is the northernmost province both of the Flemish Region, also called Flanders, and of Belgium. It borders on the North Brabant province of the Netherlands to the north and the Belgian provinces of Limburg, Flemish Brabant and East Flanders. Its capital is Antwerp, which includes the Port of Antwerp, the second-largest seaport in Europe. It has an area of 2,876 km2 (1,110 sq mi), and with over 1.85 million inhabitants as of January 2019, is the country's most populous province. The province consists of three arrondissements: Antwerp, Mechelen and Turnhout. The eastern part of the province comprises the main part of the Campine region.
Aosta Valley

The **Aosta Valley** (Italian: *Valle d'Aosta* [ˈvalle daˈɔsta] (official) or *Val d'Aosta* (usual); French: *Vallée d'Aoste* [vale dɔst]; Arpitan: *Val d'Outa*; Walser: *Augschtalann* or *Ougstalland*; Piedmontese: *Val d'Osta*) is a mountainous autonomous region in northwestern Italy. It is bordered by Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France, to the west, Valais, Switzerland, to the north, and by Piedmont, Italy, to the south and east. The regional capital is Aosta.
Department of Ancash

**Ancash** (Quechua: *Anqash*; Spanish: *Áncash* pronounced [ˈaŋkaʃ]) is a department and region in western Peru. It is bordered by the departments of La Libertad on the north, Huánuco and Pasco on the east, Lima on the south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. Its capital is the city of Huaraz, and its largest city and port is Chimbote. The name of the region originates from the Quechua word *anqash* ('light, of little weight'), from *anqas* ('blue') or from *anka* ('eagle').
Bhutan

## Flag

**Bhutan**, officially the **Kingdom of Bhutan**, is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is situated in the Eastern Himalayas, between China in the north and India in the south. A mountainous country, Bhutan is known as "Druk Yul," or "Land of the Thunder Dragon". Nepal and Bangladesh are located near Bhutan but do not share a land border. The country has a population of over 727,145 and territory of 38,394 square kilometres (14,824 sq mi) and ranks 133rd in terms of land area and 160th in population. Bhutan is a Constitutional Democratic Monarchy with King as head of state and Prime Minister as head of government. Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism is the state religion and Je khenpo is the head of state religion.

### Early Known History

* Kingdom of Bumthang & other minor kingdoms
* Tibetan Empire
* Mongol Empire

### Modern History

* Protectorate of Bhutan
* Kingdom of Bhutan

## Subdivisions

* Bumthang District
* Chukha District
* Dagana District
* Gasa District
* Haa District
* Lhuntse District
* Mongar District
* Paro District
* Pemagatshel District
* Punakha District
* Samdrup Jongkhar District
* Samtse District
* Sarpang District
* Thimphu District
* Trashigang District
* Trashiyangtse District
* Trongsa District
* Tsirang District
* Wangdue Phodrang District
* Zhemgang District
Caldas Department

**Caldas** (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkaldas]) is a department of Colombia named after Colombian patriotic figure Francisco José de Caldas. It is part of the Paisa Region and its capital is Manizales. The population of Caldas is 998,255, and its area is 7,291 km². Caldas is also part of the Colombian Coffee-Growers Axis region along with the Risaralda and Quindio departments.
Chuvashia

## Chuvash Republic — Chuvashia

**Chuvashia** (Russian: Чувашия; Chuvash: Чӑваш Ен, romanized: *Chăvash Yen*), officially the **Chuvash Republic — Chuvashia**, is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is the homeland of the Chuvash people, a Turkic ethnic group. Its capital is the city of Cheboksary. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,251,619.
Belarus

## Flag

**Belarus**, officially the **Republic of Belarus**, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Covering an area of 207,600 square kilometres (80,200 sq mi) and with a population of 9.4 million, Belarus is the 13th-largest and the 20th-most populous country in Europe. The country has a hemiboreal climate and is administratively divided into seven regions. Minsk is the capital and largest city.