recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Nassos

**Nassos** is a Recurring Character in the first, second, third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a Greek born Gladiator and slave of Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Batiatus. In 73 BC, Nassos aided Spartacus and Crixus in escaping Batiatus' Ludus.

He was killed in 71 BC during the Battle of Ariminum while fighting the more trained and disciplined soldiers of Marcus Licinius Crassus.

## Background

### Early Life

Nassos was born in Greece sometime before 100 BC. Enslaved at a young age, Nassos was eventually brought to Italia by Cilician pirates. Around 80 BC, Nassos was sold to the Lanista Lentulus Batiatus, and brought to his Ludus in the city of Capua. Nassos would spend the next decade being trained as a *Gladiator*, and trained in the style of *Murmillo*.

### Third Servile War

In 73 BC, Nassos aided Spartacus, Crixus and Oenomaus to escape from Batiatus' Ludus.

## Traits and Skills

* **Combat skill**: As a *Gladiator*, Nassos was an incredibly skilled fighter. As a trained Murmillo, Nassos used his training to engage multiple Legionaries at once, gaining a quick advantage over them.
* **Bilingual**: Nassos was fluent in both his native Greek, as well as Latin, later using both to communicate with the rebels.
Quintus Arrius (praetor 73 BC)

**Quintus Arrius** is a Recurring Character in the third season of Spartacus. He was a Praetor under the command of Gellius Publicola and Cornelius Lentulus during the Third Servile War.

## Background

### Third Servile War

Arrius was involved in the war against Spartacus, under the command of Lucius Gellius Publicola. In the Battle of Mount Garganus, Arrius did well done employ his soldiers closer to Crixus and his small group of men, eventually leading Crixus' death. Having captured some rebels after the battle had ended, Publicola used one of them to identify Crixus' body, and proceeded to have the Gaul's head cut off to use against Spartacus during his next battle against the Republic.

His last battle against the rebels happened in Picenum

## Personality

Arrius was not interested in being involved in the rebellion. He was more interested in being the governor of Sicily. However fighting Spartacus would advance his career, and his travel to Sicily had been blocked by Spartacus anyway.
Siege of Mutina (72 BC)

* Spartacus
* Gannicus
* Castus
 **combatants** | * 60,000 rebels
 **﻿﻿casualties** | * Hundreds of rebels

The **Siege of Mutina** was a significant siege that took place during the Third Servile War in 72 BC, after the defeat of Publicola and Lentulus during the battles of Picenum and Lentula. The rebels had been contempt to cross over the Alps, but after winning the battle against Varus and his praetor Gnaeus Manlius, the rebels ignored Spartacus and chose to remain in Italy to continue fighting and plundering.

## Outcome

* Rebel victory
* Roman defeat
Octavius Opius

**Octavius Opius** is a minor character in the third season of ***Spartacus***. He was a Roman legionary under the command of Gellius Publicola. He was killed following the Battle of Picenum in 72 BC, forced by Spartacus to fight against another captured Roman, Titus Tacius, to honour the death of the rebel leader Crixus.
Odaus

**Odaus** is a recurring character in the second, third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a slave from Thrace who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans. He was killed in 71 BC during the Battle of the Silarus River alongside his twin-brother Thromos.

## Background

### Early Life

Odaus was born into the Thyni tribe in south-eastern Thrace along with his twin brother Thromos. In their youth, they were already well experienced in combat against both neighbouring tribes and the Romans, but were eventually both enslaved during one of their fights against Roman legionaries.

Taken to Italy, he was seperated from Thromos and sold to a wealthy Roman somewhere in Apulia, while Thromos was sold to a Roman living in southern Campania. Until 73 BC, he had been working as a *Pastores* on his masters lands, protecting them against thieves.

### Third Servile War

After word reached Apulia of the rebel slave Spartacus and his victory over Praetor Gaius Claudius Glaber at Mount Vesuvius, Odaus took the opportunity to escape with many other slaves who were tending his dominus' land.

## Traits and Skills

* **Combat skill**: Having been trained as a Pastores, Odaus was a very experienced fighter, constantly having to fight off thieves who attempted to steal his masters stock.

## Appearance

Odaus was tall with a muscular build. He had brown hair and eyes and a piercing look.
Percussores

A **Percussores** was a bounty hunter and assassin in Ancient Rome. They would receive public money to track down and kill their targets, usually money taken from those killed by Proscriptions, including those of Sulla and later Octavian.

## History

Spartacus, alongside with his friends Deinionus and Sitalces became Percussores following their service in the Social War. A year later, they were captured and enslaved.
Scirrhus

**Scirrhus** is a recurring character in the first, second, third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a Dacian born slave and a Gladiator from the Ludus of Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Batiatus in Capua, alongside Spartacus and Crixus. In 73 BC, Scirrhus survived the breakout from Batiatus' Ludus and joined their rebellion against the Roman Republic.

Having survived most of the rebellion, Scirrhus was ultimately killed in 71 BC during the Battle of the Silarus River, under Spartacus' command.

## Traits and Skills

* **Combat skill**: Having trained as a Gladiator for years in Batiatus' Ludus, Scirrhus was incredibly skilled in combat, especially one-on-one combat with an array of weaponry.
* **Bilingual**: Scirrhus could speak his native Dacian, as well as Latin. During his time in Batiatus' Ludus and the rebellion, he also learned several phrases and words in Thracian, having been taught by Spartacus.
Spartacus (season 2)

The second season of the ***Spartacus** television series*.

## Synopsis

*With the defeat of Claudius Glaber at Vesuvius, Spartacus' army grows by thousands of escaped slaves. The Roman senate is determined more than ever to defeat Spartacus, and they send Praetor Publius Varinius to defeat him.*

## Cast

### Main Cast

* **Richard Armitage** as **Spartacus**, a Thracian who is condemned to slavery and the arena as a Gladiator for abandoning the Roman army. He goes on to lead the greatest slave rebellion in history, against Rome itself.
* **Travis Fimmel** as **Crixus**, a Gallic gladiator who becomes one of Spartacus' closest friends and generals in the rebellion.
* **Rhys Ifans** as **Oenomaus**, a Germanic gladiator who becomes one of Spartacus' closest friends and generals.
* **Damian Lewis** as **Gannicus**, a Gallic gladiator who becomes one of Spartacus' generals in the rebellion
* **Ben Batt** as **Castus**, a Roman gladiator who becomes one of Spartacus' generals in the rebellion
* **Hayley Atwell** as **Thitheia**, a Thracian priestess and the wife of Spartacus, who becomes enslaved alongside him, later supporting him in the rebellion and leading to her own religious cult.
Pastores

*For characters who are Pastores, click here*
***Pastores*** was the name and occupation given to a slave in Ancient Rome. Meaning Herdsmen, a *Pastores* was trained and tasked with herding livestock belonging to their *Dominus*. These slaves often travelled across wide stretches of the Italian countryside owned by their Dominus. *Pastores* were permitted to carry weapons across the countryside, in order to defend the livestock from both thieves and wild animals.

## History

### Apulia Pastores Revolt

In 186 BC, the Pastores living in the Apulia region decided to rebel. However this revolt was quickly defeated.

### First Servile War

During the First Servile War, the leaders Eunus and Cleon may have used *Pastores* for most of their rebel forces.

### Second Servile War

Like the First Servile War, the rebel leaders Salvius and Athenion may have also used *Pastores* to fill their ranks.

### Third Servile War

During the Third Servile War, Spartacus decided to recruit mainly *Pastores* into his army. Needing slaves who were already trained in combat, Pastores were prized recruits, second only to the Gladiators who began the rebellion.

## *Magister Pecoris*

The leader of a troop of *Pastores* was called a *Magister Pecoris*, meaning "master of the herd".

## Trivia

* Pastores may have even acted as enforcers against others slaves on the estate as well as small-holding tenant farmers called *Coloni*.
* As bands of armed men responsible for herding animals over extensive distances, Pastores are considered the "cowboys" of ancient Roman society.
Odeinecus

**Odeinecus** is a recurring character in the third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a slave from Thrace who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans.

He was crucified on the Appian Way in 71 BC, on the orders of Marcus Licinius Crassus following the Battle of the Silarus River.
Spartacus (season 4)

The fourth season of the ***Spartacus television series***.

## Synopsis

With the rebel army now more infamous by their victory over Consuls Gellius Publicola and Cornelius Lentulus, Spartacus is more desperate to travel north and make his way over the Alps. Pro-consul Gaius Cassius Longinus Varus is tasked with stopping Spartacus from escaping, sending forces to stall him until more legions can be formed in the south.

## Cast

### Main Cast

* **Richard Armitage** as **Spartacus**
* **Damian Lewis** as **Gannicus**
* **Paul Bettany** as **Castus**
* **Hayley Atwell** as **Tresura**
* **Stephen Moyer** as **Gaius Cassius Longinus Varus**, a Roman consul.

### Supporting Cast

* **Sam Claflin** and **Jamie Campbell Bower** as **Odaus** and **Thromos**
Pipponius Pinto

**Publius Pipponius Pinto** is a minor character in the first and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a Roman politician, Magistrate and a noble living in Capua during the Third Servile War. He was a noted *editor muneris* of Gladiatorial matches in Capua, sponsoring the Gladiators of Lanista Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Batiatus.

## Background

### Early Life

Publius was born and raised in the city of Capua. The son of Publius Pinto and his wife, Publius also had an older sister, Pipponia.

### Third Servile War

Following the Battle of the Silarus River, Pinto requested to purchase a number of non-combatant slaves captured by Crassus. However, word made its way to Crassus that Pompey had the remnants of Spartacus' army. To make his own victory infamous, Crassus decided to crucify his prisoners along the Appian Way.

### Later life

After the rebellion, Pinto would continue to sponsor Gladiatorial matches in Capua for quite some time. With Batiatus and his Ludus now disgraced, Pinto began supporting and sponsoring other Lanistas.
Palpellia

**Palpellia Arra**, or simply **Palpellia**, is character that appears in the ***Spartacus*** prequel comic ***Lovers of the Damned***. She was a Roman and the daughter of **Publius Palpellius Arrius**, a Centurion of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus. She was an acquaintance of Aurelia Varia, the wife of Lentulus Batiatus, and frequently visited Batiatus' Ludus to engage with several of its gladiators, namely Spartacus and Crixus.
Scutum

The **Scutum** was the traditional "tower shield" carried by Roman infantry soldiers, where it played a primary role in their historically famous defensive formations.

## Description

The metal "boss" at the center of the scutum allowed it to be used to bash foes. Such a heavy blow could send them staggering or even knock them down.
Siege of Nola (72 BC)

During the **Third Servile War**, Nola was attacked by Spartacus and his rebel army.

## Siege

Spartacus and his army began the siege by quickly surrounding the city, blocking off every exit. Believing the rebels. Using ropes, the rebels began climbing the walls of the city, sending a group of both stronger and weaker combatants, hoping to open the doors to the city while helping the stronger combatants survive.

The rebels quickly swept through the city, killing hundreds of its citizens within only hours. The bodies littered the streets.
Thionthia

**Thionthia** is a recurring character in the third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. She was a slave from Thrace who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans.

After the Battle of the Silarus River in 71 BC, Thionthia was captured and crucified on the Appian Way, on the orders of Marcus Licinius Crassus
Publius Confuleius Sabbio

**Publius Confuleius Sabbio** is a Minor Character in the fifth season of ***Spartacus***. He was a freedman and a citizen of Capua. After gaining his freedom, Sabbio opened a cloak weaving business in the city.

## Background

### Early Life

Sabbio was born into slavery (known as *Vernae*), into he household of Publius Confuleius Aufidius. Later in life, Sabbio would gain enough coin to purchase his freedom. With Aufidius' support, Sabbio would open his own cloak weaving business.

He would eventually Antia, the daughter of a fellow freedman.

### Third Servile War

In 71 BC, following Spartacus' defeat by Marcus Crassus, Sabbio witnessed multiple rebels being crucified outside of Capua's walls. His wife Antia asked what he felt about their fate, to which Sabbio said he felt nothing but disgust for the rebels, believing they had chosen the cowards way out.

For the rest of his life, Sabbio operated his business, welcoming his customers with the greeting *Recte omnia velim sint nobis* (*"I would like all things to go well for us!"*).
Pioltus

**Pioltus** is a recurring character in the third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a slave from Sicilia who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans.

After the Battle of the Silarus River, Pioltus was captured and crucified on the Appian Way, on the orders of Marcus Licinius Crassus.
Oxarinus

**Oxarinus** (real name unknown) is a recurring character in the second, third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a Gladiator from Thrace who later joined in Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans.

Following the Battle of the Silarus River in 71 BC, he was crucified on the order of Marcus Licinius Crassus.
Octavius Pimo

**Octavius Pimo** is a minor character in the fifth season of ***Spartacus***. He was a Roman Legionary under the command of Marcus Licinius Crassus in the Third Servile War, and later

## Traits and Skills

* **Combat skill**: Pimo was well trained as a Roman legionary, surviving several battles against Spartacus during the rebellion, and later against Cilician pirates in 67 BC
Thocinia

**Thocinia** is a minor character in the third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. She was a Greek born slave who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans.

After the Battle of the Silarus River, Thocinia was quickly captured and crucified along the Appian Way, on the orders of Marcus Licinius Crassus.
Praetor

A **Praetor** was a title granted by the Roman senate to one holding the magistrate rank inferior only to censors and consuls. Praetors commanded armies in the absence of the consuls and, more routinely, served as the judges of the Roman Republic. By the time of the Third Servile War, eight praetors were elected every year for a one-year term.

A Roman citizen had to be at least 39 years old to be elected praetor, and to have previously served at least one term as a quaestor. After a one-year term, praetors were routinely made propraetors by the Senate to serve as governors of territories outside Terra Italia.

This was an opportunity for great plunder, either by conquest of enemies on the frontiers of those territories, or by political extortion of the subject population. Service as praetor therefore became the crucial launching pad of political careers of those who lacked independent wealth to cultivate political alliances and develop the broad clientele necessary to achieve the highest political offices.

Originally Praetors were the two magistrates created to replace the function of the deposed king, so called because they preceded before all other magistrates. Later as the Republic grew two more were created, the Praetor Urbanus who ran the city and the Praetor Peregrinus who dealt with matters involving non-citizens. When these offices were created the first praetors became known as Consuls. As the Republic grew further additional praetors were appointed to govern the newly acquired provinces. The Emperors substituted legates they appointed in place of the praetors as provincial governors, except with respect to the province of Africa. The Urban and Foreign Praetors retained their functions, but became Imperial appointees and were further reduced in authority by the creation of the praetorian guard and vigiles, both of whom was commanded by a prefect who reported to the Emperor. The Urban Cohorts were commanded by the Urban Praetor, who under the Empire functioned more or less as the mayor of Rome.
Roman Cinematic Universe Wiki

## Building an Empire

Welcome to the **Roman Cinematic Universe** Wiki, a new expanded universe of Roman history, from the Kingdom, to the Republic, to the Empire and to its downfall.

In case any users are having trouble creating names, try using **Name Combiner**. Happy editing.

**This Wiki is not a completely historical site, and most of these people are not historical figures. Please do not attempt to write these fictional characters into Wikipedia. Historical figures presented in this wiki will have Historical Figure posted in their Category box.**
**HOWEVER! - there is a growing problem with people adding their fictional characters, and the fictional characters of other people, to the actual Wikipedia reference pages of Roman historical events or figures. I have also used these characters to give names to the Romans and millions of others whose names have been lost to history.**

## Latest activity

Photos and videos are a great way to add visuals to your wiki. Add one below!

File:Placeholder
Sebillus

**Sebillus** is a recurring character in the first, second, third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a Gladiator from Sicily from the ludus of Lentulus Batiatus who later escaped and joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Roman Republic.

## Traits and Skills

* **Combat prowess**: Being a gladiator, Sebillus was a very skilled and trained fighter, able to taken on many Roman soldiers at once.
Cicollius

**Cicollius** is a recurring character in the third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a Thracian born slave who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Roman Republic.

He was killed in 71 BC during the Battle of the Silarus River, under Spartacus' command.

## Traits and Skills

* **Bilingual**: Cicollius could speak both Thracian and Latin
Tiberius Altius

**Tiberius Altius** is a minor character in the fifth season of ***Spartacus***, and the first season of ***Caesar***. He was a Roman legionary under the command of Marcus Licinius Crassus in the Third Servile War, serving in the third cohort of the Legio I Licinii Crassi.

## Traits and Skills

* **Combat skill**: Altius was well experienced in combat, having fought in numerous battles in the Third Servile War and later the Gallic Wars under Caesar.
The Rebel of Old

***The Spartacans: The Rebel of Old*** is a short film in *The Spartacans*, a series based around the rebels of the Third Servile War.

## Overview

The story focuses on the early life of Thenus, the only rebel in Spartacus' rebellion who took part in the first slave rebellion led by Eunus on Sicily.

## Plot

### Looking Back

Thenus is around a campfire, telling a story to the rebel children and youths, with Spartacus and others surrounding them.

### Brought to Sicily

At the age of eight, Thenus is brought off of a slave ship belonging to the Cilician pirates, and sees the island of Sicily for the first time. He is sold to Gaius Arilius, a wealthy citizen living in the city of Enna. Thenus is put to work bringing wine and food to Urilius and his guests. As he gets older, so did his dominus, and his secretive evils were enacted on Thenus and his fellow slaves.

### The Rebellion Comes

Thenus eventually becomes Arilius' body slave, and one day while at the markets in Enna, Thenus hears about a prophet going by the name Antiochus. The day soon came when Eunus and his army besiege Enna. In the middle of the night, Thenus awakes to screaming. He finds Arilius and his family slaughtered, and an army sweep into the city streets.

The next morning, Thenus was hiding in Arilius' villa when he was found by Arnax. Arnax brings him to Cleon and Eunus, who are leading the rebellion. Thenus and hundreds of slaves in the city are told that King Antiochus now rules the city and Sicily itself, and they will be his soldiers. Thenus returns to Urilius' villa, and discovers that he and his families bodies have been thrown from the cliff.

### A Boy in a Rebellion

Thenus is trained the use a bow and arrow alongside hundreds of other freed slaves. Later in the day he notices Cleon's men slaughtering roman citizens.

### Looking to the future

At the end of the campfire, Thenus ends the story, telling the rebels that Spartacus will give them hope for the future. Angania helps him back to his tent, where Spartacus and Tresura are waiting outside. Inside, Tresura thanks Thenus for telling his story, and leaves him alone with Spartacus. Thenus warns Spartacus about hubris, and that one day it will claim his life, and to not fall prey to it.

## Cast

* **Max Von Sydow** as Thenus
	+ N/A as Thenus (aged 15)
		- N/A as Thenus (aged 50)
* N/A as Eunus
* N/A as Gaius Arilius
Publius Plinius Pullo

**Publius Plinius Pullo** was a Roman Aedile. He was the father of Plinia Pulla, who was married Gaius Palitianus

## Background

### Early Life

Publius was born in Rome sometime before 100 BC.

### Aedileship

After his military service, Publius was became an Aedile, carrying out his service in the town of Casilinum.

He would eventually marry and father a daughter, Plinia. When she came of age Plinia was married to Gaius Palitianus, a noted arms dealer and merchant in Rome.
Philylius

**Philylius** is a recurring character in the third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a Sicilian born slave who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans.

In 71 BC, Philylius was captured by Roman troops, and was among the 6,000 rebels crucified on the Appian Way, on the orders of Marcus Licinius Crassus.

## Background

### Early Life

Philylius was born in northern Sicilia sometime before 100 BC. Like many others, he was enslaved by the Cilician pirates. He was eventually brought to Italia and sold to an unnamed wealthy Roman. Unbeknownst to Philylius, he was actually sold to Marcus Licinius Crassus, the richest man in the Roman Republic, and sent to work on one of his various estates in Lucania.

## Traits and Skills

* **Combat skill**: As a *Pastores*, Philylius was highly trained in hand to hand combat.
Thippunia

**Thippunia** is a recurring character in the second, third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. She was a Greek born slave who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Roman Republic.

He was killed in 71 BC during the Battle of Mount Cantenna, under Gannicus and Castus' command.

## Background

### Early Life

Thippunia was born somewhere in Western Greece, in the city of Aegium, and was taken into slavery at an early age after her capture by the Cilician pirates.

Thippunia would spend several decades in the city of *Barulum*, in the region of Apulia, serving as a house slave and Concubina for her Dominus.

### Third Servile War

In 73 BC, Thippunia and her fellow slaves heard of the rebel Gladiator Spartacus and his victory over Praetor Gaius Claudius Glaber at Mount Vesuvius. One night, while engaging in intercourse with her Dominus, she tied him up and gagged him while the other slaves killed the guards. Taking that opportunity to escape Barulum, the travelled close to the *Via Traiana* in order to reach Campania.

Eventually, Thippunia and the other escaped slaves found Spartacus' encampment in southern Campania.

## Traits and Skills

* **Combat skill**: While untrained in hand to hand combat, Thippunia became skilled as an archer, allowing her to aid the rebels on the battlefields.
* **Bilingual**: Before joining the rebellion, Thippunia was only somewhat fluent in her native Greek, having spoken Latin most of her life. With the aid of her friend Nirone, she was able to become more fluent in Greek before her death.
Legio II Gallia Cisalpina

The **Legio II Gallia Cisalpina** was a Roman legion commanded by the governor of Cisalpine during the mid to late Roman Republic. This legion, alongside another, the ***Legio I Gallia Cisalpina***, was commanded by Roman Governor Gaius Cassius Longinus Varus during the Third Servile War in 72 BC.

## History

### Origin

The *Legio II Gallia Cisalpina* was founded after 220 BC, when Rome conquered Northern Italia. It was founded after the Legio I Gallia Cisalpina was, to aid in holding their new territory over Cisalpine Gaul.

### Third Servile War

After defeating the combined forces of consuls Cornelius Lentulus and Gellius Publicola in North-East Italia, the rebel Gladiator Spartacus marched his slave army North toward Alps in an attempt to cross them and escape Rome. He was aware however that another Roman army awaited them in Italy's northern province, Cisalpine Gaul.

He would have to face the two stationed legions commanded by Cisalpine Gaul's current governor, Gaius Cassius Longinus Varus. The battle took place near the city of Mutina (modern Modena). With only around 10,000 infantry at his disposal, Spartacus' outnumbered Varus' legions, leading to a major defeat against the rebel leader.

Varus managed to escape the battle with any and all surviving the remainder of his men. Many of these same surviving legionaries would be conscripted into the legions used by Marcus Licinius Crassus in 71 BC, which would finally defeat Spartacus in Campania.

### 71 BC

After Crassus defeated Spartacus, and both he and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus were elected co-consuls in 71 BC, the *Legio II Gallia Cisalpina* resupplied and provisioned, and many of the same legionaries who retreated with Varus in 72 BC were sent back to serve in Mutina, alongside many of the surviving legionaries who survived Crassus' punishment of Decimation.

## The ***Legio II Gallia Cisalpina***

### Legatus

* **Gaius Cassius Longinus Varus** (in 72 BC)

### Tribunes

 4
 7
 10
Samnite

The **Samnite** was an early class of Gladiator, and possibly the first style of Gladiator, having been popular during the Early and Mid Roman Republic.

## History

The Samnites was based on the Samnium warriors that Rome defeated in combat during the 4th Century BC. During Gladiatorial fights, lesser known or less popular Gladiators were chosen to fight as Samnites, adding to the mockery that the Samnite represented.

Eventually, other gladiator types joined the roster, such as the Gaul-inspired Murmillo and the Thracian-inspired Thraex. Around this time of Emperor Augustus, the Samnite Gladiator fell out of favour and popularity. This could be due to the Samnite still being presented as an enemy opponent and thus was no longer seen as acceptable behaviour, and the Samnite was thus replaced by similarly armed gladiators, including the Hoplomachus and the Secutor.

## Equipment

* Helmet
* The Gladius
* Scutum
* An Ocrea

## Style

The Samnite appropriated the fighting style of the Samnium warriors.
Terentia Varra Secunda

**Terentia Varra Secunda** was the second eldest daughter of Consul Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus and his wife. She was the sister of Terentia Varra Prima and Terentia Varra Tertulla.

Sometime before 86 BC, Terentia and Terentia Prima both died under unknown circumstances, leaving Tertulla the only survivor, and leaving their father devastated.

## Background

Terentia Prima and Secunda died at an early age, leaving only Tertulla to survive into adulthood. To remember the eldest daughters, Lucullus and his wife would continue to refer to their surviving daughter as 'Tertulla'

During every *Lemuria* Festival, both Tertulla, their mother and their father would honor Terentia Prima and Secunda.

For the rest of her life, Tertulla remembered both of her sisters often, and along with her husband Marcus Licinius Crassus and their son Publius, wished to see them all in the afterlife.
Octavius Narto

**Octavius Narto** is a minor character in fifth season of ***Spartacus***. He was a Roman Legionary under the command of Marcus Licinius Crassus in 71 BC during the Third Servile War, serving in the first Cohort of the *Legio I Licinii Crassi*.

He served for twenty five years in the Roman legions, from 84 BC to 59 BC, eventually settling down on a small plot of land near the city of Lanuvium.

## Background

### Early Life

Octavius was born in Rome in 102 BC, into a plebeian family that lived in the Aventine Hill. Octavius joined the Roman army at the age of eighteen in 84 BC.

### Third Servile War

Following the battle, Narto was employed along with a few thousand legionaries to crucify the captured rebels along the Appian Way.

### Later life

By 59 BC, Narto had completed his twenty five years of service in the Roman legions. A year later, he married Camillia, daughter of Titus Camillius, one of Crassus' centurions in 71 BC. With his earnings, Narto purchased some land east of the city of Lanuvium. With his fighting days over, Octavius began a family with Camillia, having one son, who they named Titus, after his father-in-law.

For the next twenty years, Octavius lived at his farm with his family, occasionally visiting Lanuvium under armed guards to sell his stock. When Titus was eighteen, Octavius went with him to Lanuvium where he signed up to join the legion.

In 37 BC, while Titus was serving Gaius Sosius in Judea, Octavius suffered a heart attack while tending his field.

## Traits and Skills

* **Combat skill**: Narto received the average training of a Roman legionary, helping him survive again the oncoming rebel forces under Spartacus in 71 BC.
Retiarius

The **Retiarius** was a style of Gladiator. They fought with weapons styled on the tools of a fisherman.

## Equipment

* *Rete*: A weighted net used to trap opponents.
* *Fascina*: A three-pointed trident, as tall as a human being.
* *Pugio*: A dagger.
* *Manica and galerus*: Two guards to protect the arm and shoulder.

## Fighting Technique

Retiarii wielded a net (name a rete), which could be used to trap opponents or to ensnare weapons, while the trident (called a fascina) they wielded would keep opponents at a distance. The retiarius would fight with little armour, usually only a subligaria and no helmet or foot gear. He would also depend on evasive tactics to stay out of range of the weapon of his opponent. The net was also intended to make up for his lack of armour, while the dagger (the pugio) was used to finish off a defeated opponent, or as a last resort should he loose the trident in a fight.

Retiarii were viewed as some of the lowliest of the gladiators, as the lack of armour and the engulfing net were thought to give them a more effeminate appearance, as well as his evasive tactics, meaning he would avoid close hand-to-hand combat.
Siege of Forum Annii

The **Siege of Forum Annii** was a successful siege of Forum Annii during the Third Servile War. They managed to plunder the city and kill many of its inhabitants.

## Siege

The siege took place in the early morning. Like many sieges carried out by the rebels, it was carried out from within Forum Annii's walls, as several hidden rebels managed to open the gates, allowing hundreds if not thousands of rebels to descend on the town.

## Outcome

* Rebel Victory
	+ Most if not all Roman guards killed
	+ Many towns people were killed or taken prisoner.
	+ Minor rebel casualties, either killed or wounded.
Praeco

A **Praeco** (Plural *Praecones*) was a messenger in Ancient Rome.

## History

The profession of Praeco was one of Rome's disgraced professions, in the same vain as prostitutes or actors. It was likely freedmen or their descendants who made up the majority of Praecones. Orators of the Senatorial classes (both Patrician and Plebeian) looked down on the Praecones, as it was seen as shameful to sell ones voice for money

## Description

The duties of a Praeco varied widely. They included:

* Auctioneering
* Order in public assembles
* Calling the centuries to give the votes in the Comitia, and conduct the voting procedures
* Summoning the participants the trials
* Inviting people to attend
* Public games and state funerals
* Conveying the commands of the magistrates to the Lictors
* Crying out lost things and people, including missing or escaped slaves.

## Known Praecones

* **Quintus Granius**: Owned an auctioneering business, as well as having connections to several prominent senators.
* **Publius Gallonius**: Branded by Horace as notorious for his extravagance and luxury. "Gallonius" would become a by-word for luxury
* Naevius: Employed numerous attendants and tradesmen.
Abbira

**Abbira** is a minor character in the third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. She was a slave from Hispania who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans. She was killed in 71 BC during the Battle of the Silarus River.

## Traits and Skills

* **Combat skill**: Abbira was trained to use a bow and arrow in the rebellion, becoming a skilled archer for the rebels.
* **Bilingual**: Other than Iberian, her native tongue, Abbira was also fluent in Latin, allowing her to communicate with many other rebels.
Nola

Nola was one of the oldest cities of Campania, with its most ancient coins bearing the name **Nuvlana**. It was later said to have been founded by the Ausones, who were certainly occupying the city by c. 560 bc. It once vied in luxury with Capua.[*citation needed*] During the Romaninvasion of Naples in 328 bc, Nola was probably occupied by the Oscans in alliance with the Samnites. Amid the Samnite War, the Romans took the town in 311 bc.

Under Roman rule, the city was the site of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Battles of Nola during Hannibal's invasion of Italy amid the Second Punic War. On two occasions (215 and 214 bc), it was defended by Marcellus. It fell by treason to the Samnites during the Social War. It was stormed by Spartacus during his failed slave revolt. The emperor Augustus died there on 19 August ad 14, in allegedly the same room his father died in 72 years earlier. Augustus and Vespasian settled colonies in the area. In the Roman road network, Nola lay between Capua and Lower Nocera on the Via Popilia. A branch road ran from it to Abella and Avellino.[5] Though a relative backwater, Nola retained its status as a '**municipium'**, its own institutions, and the use of the Oscan language. It was divided into '**pagi'**, the names of some of which are preserved: '**Pagus Agrifanus'**, '**Capriculanus'**, '**Lanitanus'**. The discoveries of the pavement of the ancient city have not been noted with sufficient care to recover most of the plan, but a large number of Grecian vases were made at Nola, using its fine yellow clay and a shining black glaze. They are decorated with red figures.
Siamnia

**Siamnia** is a recurring character in the third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. She was a Sardinian born slave who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans.

She was killed in 71 BC during the Battle of Mount Cantenna, under Gannicus and Castus' command.

## Background

### Early life

Siamnia was born in Ad Medias in Sardinia, around 100 BC.
Seggirix

**Seggirix** is a recurring character in the first, second and third seasons of ***Spartacus****.* He was a Gaul and a Gladiator from the Ludus of Lentulus Batiatus, alongside Spartacus and Crixus. Like the other surviving gladiators, Seggirix joined Spartacus' rebellion against Rome, eventually becoming of the many rebel trainers, training thousands of rebel recruits.

Seggirix was killed in 72 BC during the Battle of Mount Garganus, under Crixus' command.
Paxxos

**Paxxos** is a recurring in the second, third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a Thracian born Gladiator from the Ludus of Lanista Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Batiatus. In 73 BC, Paxxos aided Spartacus, Crixus and Oenomaus in escaping from Batiatus' Ludus, beginning the rebellion known as the Third Servile War.

He was killed in 71 BC during the Battle of Mount Cantenna, under Gannicus and Castus' command.

## Background

### Early Life

Born in southern Thrace around 100 BC, Paxxos was captured by Roman troops in battle, and taken to the Apulia region of Italia. After travelling along the *Via Flaminia* to the city of Capua, Paxxos was sold to Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Batiatus, a Lanista. For several years, Paxxos was trained as a *Gladiator* in Batiatus' Ludus. Paxxos became a loyal friend to Spartacus, with a deep respect for Oenomaus.

### Third Servile War

In 73 BC, Paxxos joined with the other Greek and Thracian Gladiators to follow Spartacus in escaping Batiatus' Ludus.

## Traits and Skills

* **Bilingual**: Paxxos was fluent in both Thracian and Latin. While in Gannicus and Castus split off army, Paxxos learned various Celtic and Greek words.

## Personality

Despite his Thracian heritage, Paxxos ultimately left Spartacus' army to join Gannicus and Castus.
Sartilus

**Sartilus** is a recurring character in the second, third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a slave from Egypt who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans.

## Background

### Early Life

Sartilus was born somewhere in southern Egypt, and taken into slavery when he was captured. Taken to Italy, he was sold to a wealthy Roman in Lucania.

## Traits and Skills

* **Combat skill**: Sartilus was a skilled fighter, being a pastores, skills he used to protect his masters stock against thieves.

## Appearance

Sartilus was tall and lean, with brown hair and brown eyes.
Stercorarii

A **Stercorarii** was a profession in Ancient Rome, involving collecting and selling feces, as well as urine.

## Description

A Stercorarii would collect feces and urine from all Roman classes including the Patricians and Plebeians. It’s not clear exactly how it was gathered. Latrines—both public and private—were undoubtedly useful for amassing a combination of urine and feces, but would not have worked for tanners, who needed unadulterated urine.

They perhaps brought cartloads of it on their travels, dividing the feces and urine between Patrician and Plebeian (as Patrician feces and urine would contain better nutrients due to their richer diet). They brought it to both small farms as well as the Latifundia around Rome and other cities, and selling it to the highest bidder.

Stercorarii perhaps made offerings and prayers to Cloacina, the goddess of drains and sewers.

## History

There was a healthy trade in feces in Ancient Rome. With the organic portions of the feces (the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) being of great use for growing plants, a Stercorarii could make a great living selling it to farmers around the Republic. With there being over 150 public latrines, and many others across the Republic, there would have been many Stercorarii. Like actors and Lanista, a Stercorarii would have been someone who was either a freedman or a Plebeian.

Although nowhere stated, it is likely that the Roman senate charged Stercorarii for taking and selling feces and urine, as they were unlikely to allow them to sell it while having gotten it for free. Around 70 AD, Emperor Vespasian levied a tax on urine, which, perhaps decreasing the number of Stercorarii around the Empire. Reportedly, when his son Titus expressed disgust at the tax, Vespasian retorted, "*pecunia non olet"*—"money doesn’t stink." His tax was so infamous that his name is still used today as a general term for public urinals (*vespasiennes* in French and *vespasiani* in Italian).
Octillus

**Octillus** (real name unknown) is a recurring character in the second, third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a Gladiator from Numidia who would later escape from his ludus of Octavius Vinicius in 73 BC and join Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans.

He was killed in 71 BC during the Battle on the Milea Ridge.

## Background

### Early Life

Octillus was born in Numidia sometime before 100 BC and taken into slavery later in his life. Trained as a gladiator, he fought in the arena for the entertainment of the crowd.

### Third Servile War

Hearing of Spartacus and his rebellion, he and his fellow gladiators killed their dominus and travelled south to meet him and his army.

## Traits and Skills

* **Combat skill**: Having been trained as a gladiator during his enslavement, Octillus was an incredibly skilled and experienced fighter, and along with his massive build and strength, he was known to be a very intimidating fighter, even causing multiple Roman legionaries to flee during battle.

## Personality

Octillus was a headstrong and determined member of the rebellion, and always knew when to think outside of battle.
Ichnea

**Ichnea** is a minor character in the third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. She was a slave from Greece who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans.

She was killed in 71 BC during the Battle of Mount Cantenna, under the command of Gannicus and Castus.

She was the lover of Aenemacus, who was also killed at Mount Cantenna.

## Traits and Skills

* **Bilingual**: Ichnea was fluent in her native Greek as well as Latin, later using both to communicate with the other rebels.
* **Combat skill**: While initially unskilled in combat, Ichnea
Phigalia

**Phigalia** is a minor character in the third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. She was a Greek born slave who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans.

In 71 BC, after the Battle of the Silarus River, Phigalia was captured by Roman troops and crucified on the Appian Way, on the orders of Marcus Licinius Crassus.

## Traits and Skills

* **Bilingual**: Phigalia was fluent in Greek and Latin, later using both to communicate with the other rebels.
Thiamakos

**Thiamakos** is a recurring character in the second, third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a Greek born slave who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Roman Republic.

He was killed in 71 BC during the Battle of the Silarus River, under Spartacus' command.

## Background

### Early Life

Born was born on the island of Zakynthos, and taken into slavery as a child. Brought to Italia by the Cilician pirates, Thiamakos was sold to wealthy Roman living in Campania.

## Traits and Skills

* **Combat skill**: As a trained *Pastores*, Thiamakos was well experienced in hand to hand combat, having used it to protect his *Dominus*' stock from thieves and wild animals.
* **Bilingual**: Thiamakos was fluent in both Greek and Latin
Miomus

**Miomus** is a recurring character in the second, third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a slave from Greece who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans.

Following the Battle of the Silarus River in 71 BC, Miomus was crucified on the orders of Marcus Licinius Crassus. He was the lover of Cipollia, who was killed in the Battle of the Silarus River.

## Background

### Early Life

Miomus was born in Patras, Greece in 104 BC.

## Traits and Skills

* **Bilingual**: Other than Greek, his native tongue, Miomus was also fluent in Latin. He even learned to speak words in Thracian and Germanic during the rebellion.
Once a Slave

***Once a Slave*** is the first episode of the first season of ***Spartacus***.

## Synopsis

*After seeking refuge in the Mountains of Abella, Spartacus must work with Crixus and Gannicus against the oncoming Militia. Meanwhile, the senate makes plans to send a Praetor, Gaius Claudius Glaber, to handle the small threat.*

## Plot

Spartacus and the other escaped Gladiators of Batiatus have escaped Capua and head towards the mountains of Abella. Taking refuse, Spartacus comes into conflict with the other leaders Crixus and Gannicus.

In Capua, Magistrate Gnaeus Cavalianus dispatches a force of soldiers to go after the fugitives, and quickly suppress them.

## Cast

### Main Cast

* Richard Armitage as **Spartacus**
* Travis Fimmel as **Crixus**
* Hayley Atwell as **Tresura**
* Paul Bettany as Gannicus
* Damian Lewis as Castus
* Sullivan Stapleton as Oenomaus
* Ioan Gruffudd as Gaius Claudius Glaber
* TBA as Gnaeus Cavalianus
Titus Mius

**Titus Mius** was a Roman legionary under the command of Gaius Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars and the Civil War, and later Mark Anthony.

in 42 BC.

## Background

### Early Life

Titus was born in 73 BC, and raised into a plebeian family. At the age of eighteen he joined the Roman legions. That same year, in August, was conscripted into the seventh legion, which were ordered by Gaius Julius Caesar to invade Britain in 55 BC. After their failed invasion, Titus remained in the seventh legion, survive the Gallic Wars. Titus took his own personal spoils like countless other legionaries.

Later, during the Civil War, Titus partook in the Battle of Pharsalus, surviving, and helped his wounded fellow legionaries to the medics. Following Assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 BC, Titus marched under Mark Anthony's command, surviving the Battle of Mutina and later fighting during the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC.

In 31 BC, Titus fought in the Battle of Actium, having defected to Octavian's side, like many others who lost favour with Anthony being "Egyptianised". On his return to Rome, Titus later attended Octavian's triumph.

### Later life

Titus, after serving his twenty five years in the Roman legions, retired, gaining a small plot of land in eastern Campania. He married Acilia, the daughter of his friend Publius Acilius, who died during the Battle of Actium

For the rest of his life, he felt he had blessed by the gods to have survived so many wars
Pallantia

**Pallantia** is a minor character in the third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. She was a slave from Hispania who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans.

She was killed in 71 BC, while trying to flee from Roman troops sent by Marcus Licinius Crassus to capture fleeing rebels.
Summa rudis

A **Summa rudis** in Ancient Rome, was the primary referee in Gladiatorial fights.

## Description

In the arena between the gladiatorial fighters there was a referee (*summa rudis*) who supervised the fight and could stop it if any of the gladiators were seriously injured or used illegal “plays”, to encourage gladiators to fight bolder or to convey the decision to win to the sponsor of the games (*editor*).

The referees wore long sticks/rods (*rudes*) to indicate illegal movements or to urge fighters. They were dressed in white tunics with maroon trim (*clavi*). Additionally, there could be a second referee *secunda rudis* in the arena. Most often, the referees of gladiatorial fights were retired and liberated gladiators.

It is believed that the fights between gladiators were fought according to certain rules. We don’t know much about them, but some are clear. For example, the referee could have called a duel (*diludium*) if a shield or piece of armour broke or fell off. Then the armourer could repair the damage. *Summa rudis*also had responsibilities. He gave aloud advice and commands about attacking or defending. If the gladiator did not follow the instructions or avoided the fight, the fight had to be stopped and the fighter was lashed.
Samphia

**Samphia** is a minor character in the third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. She was a slave from Greece who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans. She was killed in 71 BC during the Battle of the Silarus River.

## Background

### Early Life

samphia was born somewhere in southern Greece and taken into slavery when she was captured by Romans. she was then taken to Italy and sold to a wealthy roman in Capua.