recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
The Rise of the Four Nations

## Post-Dawn War

In 1 C.E. (Common Era, when the modern history of Acios is recognized as beginning) the year the Great War ended, humans were left without purpose. They had experienced no nurturing like the Elves had. They were left to fend for themselves and continued to do the thing that they knew the best, which was war. Tribes formed within the human ranks and some tribes migrated across the Dragonreach to Ikos. The humans never bothered their allies who had helped them rid the world of the Abyssal creatures. They were to busy fighting within themselves to battle them as well. The other races did nothing for the humans and instead focused on rebuilding their civilizations after the destructive war. They believed this warfare was a natural evolution of humanity. The Gods remained silent as well.

## The Founding of the Four Nations

The tribes, after four centuries of warfare, began to form together and create civilizations like the Elves, Dwarves, Dragonborn, and Gnomes had. The tribal warfare of the Dark Ages gave way to the era of the Four Nations. In 511 C.E. Ataleo Lerona I founded the Kingdom of Iptus in the north after allying with two other warlords and subjugating anyone who opposed their rule. In the east of Acios, Aymeric Cilamur founded the Wildcrest Kingdom through shrewd diplomacy in 523 C.E. In 554 C.E. the Kingdom of Rysland was founded by Zorin Yanovich. His rivals were murdered at a meeting to discuss a peace agreement. Leaderless, the tribes opposing Zorin were forced to submit to his rule. Finally, in 589 C.E. the Kingdom of Karkoth was founded. The Kingdom of Karkoth was unique because it was an alliance between not just tribes of humans, but also between Orcs and Goblinoids. Ina Sundheim, a Human Karkothian, united these three disparate parties through negotiation rather than warfare. She was rewarded for her efforts by being elected as the first Jarl of the Confederacy of Karkoth.

## The Four Nation Era

After the founding of Karkoth, the Four Nation Era led to an unprecedented six centuries of peace for the continent of Acios. For the first time since the Dawn War, the drums of war ceased to beat. No longer were the fields stained with the blood of humans. Instead, the four nations of man began to build and learn. Soon, they had caught up to the other races who inhabited Acios. The capitals of Prova and Montrose rivaled the beauty of Kes Asari and High Thurim. Their knowledge of magic increased at great speed and soon schools of magic were founded in every nation. The Elves and Dwarves decided to aid the Humans in their new endeavours. After witnessing the brutality they had unleashed on themselves, the ancient races wanted to aid the humans in their newfound endeavours for peace. While border skirmishes and minor wars did occur between the four human nations, there was never a great war where thousands of lives were lost and cities were burned to the ground. This only occured when the Malorians invaded and destroyed the peace that Acios had gained.
The Ledger

## Structure and Goals

A thieves guild operating throughout Acios. Main sources of income are smuggling, piracy, and the selling of secrets. They require any pickpockets and street thieves that are acting in Ledger controlled cities or towns to pay a tithe to the guild. This tithe can be through information or money, both of which will be added to the guild’s large ledger, their namesake. They also run brothels, illegal gambling dens, and engage in many other illicit activities. It follows the structure of a mafia family, currently being run by the Gaspard crime family. A member of the Ledger thinks of himself or herself as a member of a very large family and relies on the network for resources and security. However, members are granted the autonomy to pursue their own interests and gain some measure of personal wealth and influence. The Ledger has a few beliefs that guide its members behavior: "The Ledger is your family. You watch out for it, and it watches out for you. You are the master of your own destiny. Never be less than what you deserve to be. Everything and everyone has a price." Their motto is: “Join us and prosper. Oppose us and suffer.” The Ledger holds many secrets of the universe within their vast book which is sealed and magically protected within their headquarters in the Free City of Thirgos. Any information in the book can be had for a price. An incredibly high price for the most coveted of secrets.
Ebeon Wiki

**Welcome to the Ebeon Wiki!**
This is a wiki dedicated to the D&D 5e world of Ebeon. This is a useful place where I can put all of the details of my world into a well organized document. The world of Ebeon is a place of gods, demons, devils, heroes, warring nations, monsters. You know, a standard D&D setting.

Important articles: The Pantheon of the WorldThe Beginning of EbeonThe Rise of the Four NationsThe Malorian InvasionThe Great RebellionThe Treaty of ThirgosImportant GroupsReligion in Ebeon

*Need help building out this community?*

* Getting Started
* How to Contribute
* Managing your new community
* Guides
* All Help articles

You can also be part of the larger Fandom family of communities. Visit Fandom's Community Central!
Elduin's School of the Arcane

## Goals and Structure

Elduin’s school teaches all manners and "schools" of magic and knowledge related to magic. Individual colleges within the university system focused on particular specialties. The university is located in the Free City of Feleno. The university was funded by the one of the most legendary wizards of Acios, Elduin. He is an Elf that has been around since the events of the chaos wars and was one of the first practitioners of magic. After witnessing the Iptians fight, and eventual flight from the Malorians, Elduin decided to aid the people of Iptus. He created a magic school and began teaching the Iptians the ways of magic. The school remained the greatest magic school on the continent of Acios for centuries. However, it has recently fell into disrepair. The school does not have many students enrolling in it as many people in the Free Cities would prefer to spend their time in the prospering sea and mining trades. The school is currently run by the Halfling Archmage Korvias Pimder. He has been attempting to recruit more students but so far his efforts have failed. Many faculty have left to instead teach at the prestigious Order of the Phoenix in Montrose, the Fesiara Academy of Red Wizards in Dierhof, and the Ostresonia Institute of Wizardry in Prova.
Religous Organizations

## The Green Hearts

A religious organization promoting the Wildcrest Kingdom’s patron deity, The Dagda. They have members in every town who ensure that the citizens continue to honor The Dagda to ensure a good harvest. Events are overseen, and prayer services are held in the organization’s home base. If a villager does not follow the teachings of The Dagda or is shown to have dishonored him, they are ostracized by the organization and the citizens of the town. The Green Hearts are a state sponsored organization. The leader of the Green Hearts is the Archbishop of Montrose and close advisor to the Queen, Adrian Deschamps. Worship of other religions is tolerated in the country but all citizens must primarily worship The Dagda or risk punishment from the Green Hearts. They have a military wing composed of Druids, War Clerics and Paladins who accompany the army into battle. However, the Green Hearts are mainly run by local members of the religious chapters in the cities, towns, and villages of Wildcrest.

## Gatekeepers

A group of specialized demon slayers that patrol the Frozen Wastes, the origin point of the first demonic incursion that decimated Ebeon. It is also the site where the Dragonborn Kingdom rose and then fell due to the Draconic War. The slayers are from all walks of life and from different nations. They have been trained in Karkoth at their official headquarters in the northernmost point of Karkoth. Their leader is a dwarf named Yoster Silverfall. They fiercely guard the Frozen Wastes from anyone attempting to enter or leave. They fear what could happen if any demonic ritual was enacted there, or what could happen if anything escaped from that forsaken place.
Gatekeepers

### Structure and Goals

A group of specialized demon slayers that patrol the Frozen Wastes, the origin point of the first demonic incursion that decimated Ebeon. It is also the site where the Dragonborn Kingdom rose and then fell due to the Draconic War. The slayers are from all walks of life and from different nations. They have been trained in Karkoth at their official headquarters in the northernmost point of Karkoth. Their leader is a dwarf named Yoster Silverfall. They fiercely guard the Frozen Wastes from anyone attempting to enter or leave. They fear what could happen if any demonic ritual was enacted there, or what could happen if anything escaped from that forsaken place.
The Order of the Phoenix

## Structure and Goals

The Order of the Phoenix is a school for the brightest and most special children in the Kingdom of Wildcrest. It is located in the city of Montrose. Under the Malorian Empire it was dedicated to teaching the infamous Malorian Red Wizards. Now, the school teaches clerics, paladins, wizards, bards, warlocks and monks. The school accepts students from the ages of 12-18 and teaches them to use their powers responsibly. During the summer months, recruiters go from town to town within the Kingdom to find those with special powers, or a special affinity for a certain skill. If chosen, the students go away to the elite school for 8 months and then have a three month summer break. The clerics and paladins taught there are sworn to either The Dagda, god of crops, or Tyr, the god of law, duty and loyalty. The wizards are taught in any Arcane Tradition they are interested in, besides Necromancy which is outlawed in the Wildcrest Kingdom. Bards are taught the way of music and history. A bard is able to choose whatever musical instrument calls to them. They often celebrate the god of knowledge, Thoth, and the goddess of love and music, Bes. Monks are trained in the art of self-defense, but also the way of patience and peace. Every monastic tradition is taught here, even the Way of the Drunken Master. The current Headmaster of the school is the elf, Fennorin. The Deputy Headmaster is the tiefling, Nevari. The master of monks is a dragonborn named Morkul Rasskan. After the students graduate, they are free to pursue their own interests. Many are incentivized to join the Wildcrest Kingdom either as a soldier, magic expert or for a position in government. Because those graduating from the school are considered the best of the best, they automatically start in high paying and high prestige jobs.
The Chamber

## History

After the fall of the Draconic Empire on Acios, many of the surviving metallic dragons left the continent and started over on the continent of Rohuth. They have magically shrouded the small continent and only a few in the world know that dragons live there. Those dragons who live there have formed an organization known as The Chamber. Its goal is to manipulate and control the Draconic Prophecy. After the fall of their civilization, the dragons realized that the demons that invaded had done so by manipulating the Draconic Prophecy to their own ends. By completing portions of the prophecy, they were able to create a portal that allowed them to spill back into the world. The dragons realized that in order to protect Ebeon from future demonic incursions, they too would have to use the Draconic Prophecy in order to stop the demons from once again wreaking havoc on the world. With the gods no longer intervening in mortal affairs, the metallic dragons have taken it upon themselves to protect the world and the younger races.

## Goals and Activities

First and foremost, the dragons of the Chamber are observers, gathering information about new aspects of the Prophecy and sharing it with their elders in Argonnessen. They are also charged with stopping any creature that seeks to use the Prophecy for its own ends. This responsibility sets them against the demonic Lords of Dust, who try to manipulate the Prophecy in order to allow for another demonic incursion. It also leads The Chamber to recruit or eliminate any humanoid who learns too much about the Prophecy. The Chamber is loosely organized. Each dragon monitors its own small corner of the world and maintains a network of humanoid agents. Although the mission of the Chamber is one of observation, individual dragons often have their own agendas. Some seek to manipulate the Prophecy personally, directing the future along a particular path. Others are obsessed with the Lords of Dust engage in century-spanning games of cat-and-mouse with their fiendish counterparts. In general, the Chamber seeks to maintain the status quo and opposes demons, so agents of the Chamber can often be useful allies or patrons. But ultimately humanoids are just pawns in the dragons' eyes, and they readily sacrifice any of those pawns to ensure the sanctity of the Prophecy and the defeat of the Lords of Dust.
Pax Labs

**Pax Labs** (formerly **Ploom**[2] and stylized as **PAX Labs**) is an American electronic vaporizer company founded in 2007 that markets the Pax vaporizers.[3] The company developed the Juul (pronounced jewel[4]) e-cigarette; Juul Labs was spun out as a separate company in 2017.[5][6]

## History[править]

The company was founded by James Monsees and Adam Bowen in 2007 under the name Ploom.[2] As of 2015, it has distribution in the United States and Canada and has received $46.7 million in "series C" funding from various sources.[7][8] In August 2016, Tyler Goldman became the CEO of Pax.[6] Monsees left Pax in July 2017.[6] Bowen left Pax in June 2017.[6] Goldman left Pax in 2017.[6]Bharat Vasan served as CEO from February 2018 until September 2019. [9]

The company has been involved with Japan Tobacco International.[2] It markets the Pax vaporizers,[3] starting with the Pax by Ploom. As Pax Labs, Inc., the company then introduced the Pax 2, including the following changes: no moving parts to maintain, smaller and lighter, larger oven, and longer battery life. Pax 2 can be used with loose-leaf tobacco or cannabis.[10] In November 2016, the Pax 3 was released, featuring compatibility with both extracts and plant matter, new tools and accessories, and a complementary smart phone app. The same month, Pax also introduced an extract-based vaporizer called the Era, which operates by heating a concentrated cannabis liquid held in very small containers.[11]

Pax closed a $420 million equity round in April 2019, which valued the company at $1.7 billion.[12] In June 2019, Pax announced it had signed agreements with four Canadian pot stocks to supply it with cannabis extracts, resins, and distillates for its PAX Era pen-and-pod vape system.[*citation needed*] Those four companies were Aurora Cannabis, Aphria, OrganiGram Holdings and The Supreme Cannabis Company.[13]

## Juul[править]

Main article: Juul

[1]

Juul vaporizer

On June 1, 2015, the company introduced Juul, a type of e-cigarette that utilizes nicotine salts that exist in leaf-based tobacco, for its key ingredient.[14] They were given a US patent for their nicotine salt preparation in 2015.[15] The nicotine salts are said to create an experience more like smoking than other e-cigarettes on the market.[16] The e-cigarette is shaped like a USB flash drive[17] and recharges using a magnetic USB deck.[18] Each cartridge (called a Juul pod) contains about the same amount of nicotine as one pack of cigarettes[17] and delivers approximately 200 hits.[18] Juul attempts to deliver a nicotine peak in five minutes, similar to a traditional cigarette.[19] Mango is among the five most popular flavors.[20] A Juul starter kit sells for about $49.99.[21] Given the high nicotine concentrations in Juul, the nicotine-related health consequences of its use by young people could be more severe than those from their use of other e-cigarette products.[22]

In 2017 Juul Labs was spun out of Pax Labs as an independent company.[6] Tyler Goldman, former CEO of Pax Labs, was named CEO of Juul after the spin-off.
Vape shop

A **vape shop** is a retail outlet specializing in the selling of electronic cigarette products. There are also online vape shops. A vape shop offers a range of e-cigarette products. The majority of vape shops do not sell e-cigarette products that are from "Big Tobacco" companies. In 2013, online search engine searches on vape shops surpassed searches on e-cigarettes. Around a third of all sales of e-cigarette products take place in vape shops. Big Tobacco believes the independent e-cigarette market is a threat to their interests.

Effective August 8, 2016, under the Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) rules, a vape shop that mixes or prepares e-liquids, or makes or modifies any kind of e-cigarettes, is regulated as a tobacco product manufacturer.[33] The US FDA acknowledged that many vape shops will go out of business, but they also state many will stay open, despite hefty costs.[34] Vape shop owner Joe Baba in the US believes a ban on public vaping might put several vape shops out of business because taste-testing would be prohibited.[35] The revised EU Tobacco Products Directive came into effect May 2016 which regulates the sale and marketing of e-cigarettes.[36] Small business owners are concerned that the regulations will make e-cigarettes less interesting to consumers and that this means a downturn of their business.

Vape trade shows have an array of product vendors, seminars, social interactions with other vapers, parties, gifts, vaping contests, and other activities.[38] Vape shows are free to attend or have an entrance fee that cost from $10 to $25.[38] In 2014, vaping contests at vape trade shows such as "cloud-chasing" were rare.[38]By 2015, close to 50% of vaping trade show organizations promoted contests such as cloud-chasing.[38] Vape trade shows are increasing in popularity and regularity.[38] Vape shop owners, agents, distributors, and vapers attend trade shows.
LOGIC

**LOGIC** is an electronic cigarette brand of Japan Tobacco International.

## Description

Logic Technology Development was founded in 2010 by Howard Panes and Eli Alelov.[2] Logic is an e-cigarette manufacturer.[3]

Logic sells rechargeable and disposable e-cigarettes.[2] Nicotine is obtained from a polyethylene glycol or propolene glycol e-liquid solution, and other chemicals are included such as glycerin and flavorings. The end of the device turns blue when in use.

In the first quarter of 2015, Logic Technology Development held a 20% market share in United States convenience stores. In April 2015, Japan Tobacco International agreed to acquire Logic Technology Development.
Cloud-chasing

**Cloud-chasing** is the activity of blowing large clouds of vapor using an electronic cigarette.[9] Using the devices for "cloud-chasing" began in the West Coast of the US.[9] The exact origins of the activity are unclear,[10] but most competitive e-cigarette users say that it started around 2012.[11] Competitive vaping is increasing in popularity internationally, spreading from the US and Canada to Indonesia.[10] Cloud-chasing is a recreational activity[12] and a hobby.[13]

Some cloud-chasers known as "professional vapers" take part in cloud-blowing contests in what is a called a "cloud competition",[9]competing against one another to exhale the largest and most interesting clouds of vapor,[14] sometimes in shapes.[15] Competitive vaping is attracting spectators, known as "cloud-gazers".[16] There are rules and judges.[17] Cloud-chasing integrates technique, air flow, and using the appropriate technology.[18] A handful of later-generation e-cigarettes are designed to create large plumes of vapor.[19]Most cloud-chasers do not use nicotine.[20] Many choose mixtures that are made without propylene glycol and nicotine, but use higher amounts of glycerin to produce larger plumes of vapor.[13] The majority of vapers go for sub ohm tanks or rebuildable atomizers for producing more vapor.[21]

As vaping comes under increased scrutiny, some members of the vaping community have voiced their concerns about cloud-chasing, claiming the practice gives vapers a bad reputation when doing it in public.[19] Some vapers are concerned that the vaping competitions bring a stigma to vaping by making the activity appear more comparable to gaming activities.[10] Social media sites like YouTube can be used for demonstrating vape tricks.[22] There are vaping tricks competitions.[23] The participants are known as "vaping tricksters".
UK Vaping Industry Association

The **UK Vaping Industry Association** is a trade association for the electronic cigarette industry in the United Kingdom. It has offices in Smith Square.

Juul joined the association in March 2019.

It has a 10 point code of conduct. This specifically prevents the marketing of vape devices to anyone under 18.[1] It requires retailers to use “Challenge 25” in their stores, and have robust online age sales verification.[2]

It has criticised "unscrupulous retailers" who sell electronic cigarettes to teenagers, which is illegal, and called for better enforcement of the law.[3]

It claims that vaping can make a significant contribution to the plans to eradicate smoking. They say: “Prohibitive policies that treat vaping in the same way as smoking simply continue to expose people to tobacco harm and run the risk of missing out on the massive public health prize represented by vaping.”[4] According to the association "recent research has shown that vapers are three times more likely to quit than those who don’t vape.” They deny that vaping is a gateway to smoking.[5] It deplored San Francisco’s decision to ban vaping , and said the situation as far as young people vaping was very different in the UK.
Openvape

**Openvape** (stylized as **O.penVAPE**) manufactures and distributes personal vaporizer devices for use with herbal extract oil-filled cartridges. Founded in 2012, the company is headquartered in Denver, Colorado, and sells products at 1,200+ retail locations across a distribution network of licensed affiliates in Colorado, California, Oregon, Arizona, Nevada, Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Mexico, Jamaica, Czech Republic, France, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, Canada, Poland, Ireland, Scotland, and South Africa.

O.penVAPE licenses its intellectual property to eleven distribution partners in ten states and Jamaica. Licensees employ O.penVAPE's Organa Labs technology and proprietary processes to manufacture cannabis oil using supercritical CO2 extraction.

O.penVAPE's premium line of Craft RESERVE cartridges won the first place prize for Best Vape Pen Cartridge in the High Times 2016 Colorado Cannabis Cup competition.[1][2]

In Europe, O.penVAPE branded products, with the exception of Organa Labs cannabis line, are available in the Czech Republic, France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. O.penVAPE is arguably the most globally recognized brand in the cannabis and personal vaporizer industries, reporting monthly sales of approximately 500,000 units in April 2015.[3]

O.penVAPE is a founding member of the National Cannabis Industry Association and the company's leaders promote the legal and safer use of recreational marijuana. Its founders, being ardent supporters of medical cannabis as safe alternative medicine, hired a credentialed team of scientists to drive research and development.[*citation needed*]

The Denver Department of Environmental Health appointed Ralph Morgan, CEO of O.penVAPE, to serve on its Cannabis Sustainability Work Group, in December 2015, to determine best practices and develop other educational resources for the industry.[4]

In May 2016, the company submitted a bid to assume the naming rights of the Denver Broncos' stadium after Sports Authority declared bankruptcy. [5]

The company partnered with the award-winning Green House Seed Co., based in Amsterdam, to develop a line of co-branded vape oil cartridges.
Juul

**Juul Labs, Inc.** (stylized as **JUUL Labs**) is an American electronic cigarette company which spun off from Pax Labs in 2017. It makes the Juul e-cigarette, which packages nicotine salts from leaf tobacco into one-time use cartridges.

Juul Labs was co-founded by Adam Bowen and James Monsees. Its headquarters is in San Francisco. Altria Group (formerly Philip Morris Companies), acquired a 35% stake in Juul Labs for $12.8 billion on December 20, 2018. Juul received a $2 billion bonus to distribute among its 1,500 employees.

The Juul became the most popular e-cigarette in the United States at the end of 2017 and has a market share of 72% as of September 2018. Its widespread use by youth has triggered concern from the public health community and multiple investigations by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Given the high nicotine concentrations in Juul, the nicotine-related health consequences of its use by young people could be more severe than those from their use of other e-cigarette products.
Golden Treasure: The Great Green

Golden Treasure: The Great Green is the first game in the Golden Treasure series of games chronicling the life, culture, and history of the Draak-Kin. It attempts an artistic portrayal of the life of the Spiritkeeper, a young Kin born on Earth circa 3000 BCE, when humans were beginning to more deeply impact the natural environment and the power balance of the world began to shift. It has been classified by various sources as interactive fiction, xenofiction, science fiction, fantasy, and historical fiction. It is variously described as belonging to the simulation, adventure, role-playing, visual novel, and raising simulator genres.

The game was created by Dreaming Door Studios as their first project, and was released in June 2019. The base game took two years to write, draw and code, and had a budget of roughly $200,000. A free update which added new scenes and characters was released in 2021, and the Story Creator tool, which allows players to modify it and create new stories, was released in 2023.

The game's central theme is that of nature and the interconnectedness of all life. By experiencing the life of a young dragon from its very first experiences to adulthood, the player is encouraged to step out of a human perspective in favor of a different experience.

The game ends with a choice, and a planned sequel exists for each of the choices.
Nicotine salt

**Nicotine salts** are salts consisting of nicotine and an acid.[1] They are found naturally in tobacco leaves.

## Research

Research on nicotine salts is limited.[3] Possible health risks of persistent inhalation of high levels of nicotine salts are not known.[3]"Juul products use nicotine salts, which can lead to much more available nicotine," Principal Deputy Director Dr. Anne Schuchat of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stated in September 2019.[4] She also stated that the nicotine salts "cross the blood brain barrier and lead to potentially more effect on the developing brain in adolescents."[4]

## Types

A nicotine base and a weak acid such as benzoic acid or levulinic acid is used to form a nicotine salt.[1] Benzoic acid is the most used acid to create a nicotine salt.[5] Nicotine pyruvate is another form of nicotine salt.[6] A chemical reaction with a pyruvate acid is used to aerosolize nicotine.[7]

## Level and rate of delivery

A free-base nicotine solution with an acid reduces the pH, which makes it possible to provide higher levels of nicotine without irritating the throat.[8] Nicotine salts are thought to amplify the level and rate of nicotine delivery to the user.[3] The speed of nicotine salts uptake into the body with the use of electronic cigarettes is close to the speed of nicotine uptake from traditional cigarettes.[9] Traditional cigarettes provide high levels of nicotine, but with the bad taste of smoking.[10] Pod mods, however, can provide high levels of nicotine without the negative smoking experience.[10] Nicotine salts are less harsh and less bitter, and as a consequence e-liquids that contain nicotine salts are more tolerable even with high nicotine concentrations.[5] Nicotine salts in aerosol form do not generate the sensation of irritation in the chest and lungs that regular cigarettes do.[9] Protonated nicotine salt is easier for less experienced users to inhale.[11]

## Brands

The latest generation of e-cigarettes, "pod products," such as Juul, have the highest nicotine content (59 mg/mL), in protonated salt, rather than the free-base nicotine form found in earlier generations.[11] In June 2015, Juul introduced a pod mod device containing nicotine salt.[12] British American Tobacco stated that they have been using nicotine salts in their US Vuse e-liquid brand since 2012.[13]

There has been a proliferation of pod-based products with high nicotine concentration, triggered by Juul's financial success.[5] As of September 2018, there were no less than 39 similar Juul devices as well as 15 Juul-compatible pods being offered.[5] Tested show that the pod mods Juul, Bo, Phix, and Sourin contain nicotine salts in a solution with propylene glycol and glycerin.[3]

## Marketing

Advertisements state nicotine salt liquids contain 2 to 10 times more nicotine than those found in the majority of regular e-cigarette products.
Usage of electronic cigarettes

Since the introduction of **electronic cigarettes** to the market in 2003,[1] their global **usage** has risen exponentially.[2] By 2013, there were several million users globally.[3] Awareness and use of e-cigarettes greatly increased over the few years leading up to 2014, particularly among young people and women in some parts of the world.[4] Vaping is increasing in the majority of high-income countries.[5] E-cigarette use in the US and Europe is higher than in other countries,[6] except for China which has the greatest number of e-cigarette users.[7]Growth in the UK as of January 2018 had reportedly slowed since 2013.[8] The growing frequency of e-cigarette use may be due to heavy promotion in youth-driven media channels, their low cost, and the misbelief that e-cigarettes are safer than traditional cigarettes, according to a 2016 review.[9]

The prevalence of vaping among adolescents is increasing worldwide.[10] There is substantial variability in vaping in youth worldwide across countries.[11] Over the years leading up to 2017 vaping among adolescents has grown every year since these devices were first introduced to the market.[12] There appears to be an increase of one-time e-cigarette use among young people worldwide.[13] Most e-cigarette users among youth have never smoked.[14] Many youth who use e-cigarettes also smoke traditional cigarettes.[15] Vaping seems to be a gateway to using traditional cigarettes in adolescents.[16] Youth who use e-cigarettes are more likely to go on to use traditional cigarettes.[17][18] The evidence suggests that young people who vape are also at greater risk for subsequent long-term tobacco use.[19] E-cigarettes are expanding the nicotine market by attracting low-risk youth who would be unlikely to initiate nicotine use with traditional cigarettes.[20] Adolescents were more likely to initiate vaping through flavored e-cigarettes.[21]

There are varied reasons for e-cigarette use.[6] Most users' motivation is related to trying to quit smoking, but a large proportion of use is recreational.[6] Adults cite predominantly three reasons for trying and using e-cigarettes: as an aid to smoking cessation, as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes, and as a way to conveniently get around smoke-free laws.[20] Many users vape because they believe it is healthier than smoking for themselves or bystanders.[22] Usually, only a small proportion of users are concerned about the potential adverse health effects.[22] Seniors seem to vape to quit smoking or to get around smoke‐free policies.[23] There appears to be a hereditary component to tobacco use, which probably plays a part in transitioning of e-cigarette use from experimentation to routine use.[24] The introduction of e-cigarettes has given cannabis smokers a different way of inhaling cannabinoids.[25] Recreational cannabis users can individually "vape" deodorized or flavored cannabis extracts with minimal annoyance to the people around them and less chance of detection, known as "stealth vaping".
Christopher H. Bidmead

**Christopher H. Bidmead**(born 1941) was the series' script editor during Season 18. He was also a writer.

## Stories

### Television

Bidmead wrote four stories, televised between 1981 and 1984.

 116
 117
 133

### Big Finish

He wrote one story for Big Finish's *The Monthly Adventures*range.

Bidmead also adapted his unproduced script *The Hollows of Time*for Big Finish's *The Lost Stories*range.
Ten Motives

**Ten Motives** is an electronic cigarette company that in 2016 was taken over by British American Tobacco. BAT acquired the company after a deal with Electronic Cigarettes International Group failed to complete. Ten Motives was founded by Art Devlin who, with Tony Jones, was the controlling shareholder. In 2014, their advertising was ruled inaccurate.
Vawoo

**Vawoo** (vawoo.co.uk) this is a first Vape Marketplace in the UK that sells vape products in the UK and Irish markets. The site offers e-liquids, mods, pods, vaporizers, coils etc. from different manufacturers, distributors and sellers. It's a platform like eBay or Amazon but for vape related products only.

 Overview

The online store sells the following products for vapers:

* e-liquids
* mods
* pod systems
* vaporizers
* coils
* clearomizers
* tanks
* batteries
* battery accessories
* mouthpieces
* kits
* battery

* cases
* cleaning supplies
* chargers
* apparels
* other accessories.

The following brands are available for sale on the site:

* Eleaf
* Wismec
* Atmos
* Vampire Vape
* Smok
* many others.

There are products with free shipping and sales.

## Special Offers:

Use coupon code: Birds8 or DSTR10 to receive 8% and 10% Off your orders (use at checkout, once per customer).

## Design and content

The site design is made in blue, yellow-green and white colors. The site header contains the logo, product search, shopping cart, sell with us, Help, JOIN / SIGN IN links. The main menu includes the bestsellers, New Arrivals, and Sale items. In the left menu of ALL CATEGORIES there are links: e-liquids, devises, parts, accessories, kits, brands.

In the basement of the site there is a newsletter subscription form, logo, additional menu, contacts, links to the blog and social networks, copyright, payment methods, and the "go up" button.

The site offers more than 2500 different products. The site also has a blog with useful content about vape. Examples of articles:

* How Old Do You Need to Be to Vape
* Evolution of the Vaping Industry
* What is Sub Ohm vaping
* How Can Vaping Help People Quit Smoking.

## Technical information

The domain was registered on June 21, 2017 in the domain zone co.uk in the Name ISP company. The site uses ns servers *ns1.nameisp.info* and *ns2.nameisp.info*. The site has SSL certificate is issued by Eset. Google Analytics traffic counter are installed on the site. Google indexed more than 2,500 pages of the site.

## Links

* vawoo.co.uk - official Vawoo website
* facebook.com/vawoo.uk - Facebook group
* instagram.com/vawoo.uk - Instagram page
* linkedin.com/company/solifexo - Linkedin page
* twitter.com/VawooU - Twitter page
Vaping Wiki

**Welcome to the Vaping Wiki!**
We're a collaborative community website that anyone, including you, can build and expand. Wikis like this one depend on readers getting involved and adding content. Click the "ADD NEW PAGE" or "EDIT" button at the top of any page to get started!

## Important articles

VawooElectronic cigaretteElectronic cigaretteVape shopVape shop

*Need help building out this community?*

* Getting Started
* How to Contribute
* Managing your new community
* Guides
* All Help articles

You can also be part of the larger Fandom family of communities. Visit Fandom's Community Central!
R. J. Reynolds Vapor Company

**R. J. Reynolds Vapor Company** is an electronic cigarette company based in Winston-Salem, North Carolina.[2] The company is a subsidiary of Reynolds American Inc., which is the parent company of R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, American Snuff Company, Santa Fe Natural Tobacco Company and Niconovum AB.[3] The company began offering the Vuse Digital Vapor Cigarette in limited distribution in 2012,[1] expanding availability to the state of Colorado in 2013.
Lodestone

The Lodestone is a non-consumable artifact available during Part One. It is found during the Brightlings Dance event, where you can steal it from a distracted No-Tail. It can be used during certain events as a hidden option, as an alternative to the available elemental mastery checks.

## Description

"This is a curiously ordered bit of shinestone, noteworthy for its equalish lines and stern shape, but there is more to this stone than meets the eye; your thoughts lose a bit of their sharpness when you touch it, intimating some kind of hidden magic."

### Resarched Description

"In fact, this stone is something called a "magnet"; it attracts purified shinestone to itself, and is attuned with Earth's own mighty yet invisible spirit. If used in a certain way, it indicates the coldward direction. Perhaps it may be useful for something, or for finding your way if lost.

It is worth perhaps 15 pieces of Treasure."

## Usage

The Lodestone may be used during Part Two as a hidden option during the encounter with Whisper, used to locate it once it turns invisible and allowing Spiritkeeper to execute a sneak attack on it. This makes it possible for the player to skip the Dance of Destruction with Whisper entirely.[verify]

Additionally, it may be used as a compass during the trials of the Spiritwood in Part Two to find your way as an alternative to a Water mastery check.

## Hint

While the No-Tails are distracted by the Brightlings...
Vuse

**Vuse Digital Vapor Cigarette**, commonly known as **Vuse** (rhymes with "news"[1]), is an electronic cigarette produced by R. J. Reynolds Vapor Company, a subsidiary of Big Tobacco company Reynolds American. In 2015, it was the most popular e-cigarette in the United States with 33 percent market share in Nielsen-tracked channels (a declining proportion of the total).[2] Also in 2015, it was the best selling e-cigarette device in convenience stores in the US.[3] However, Vuse lost its top position in 2017, when Juul overtook it to become the most popular e-cigarette in the US.[4] As of August 2018, Vuse controls 9.6 percent of the American e-cigarette market, compared to Juul's 72.1 percent market share, according to Nielsen data.[4]

The original Vuse digital vapor cigarette has a nicotine content of 4.8 percent,[5] which is high compared to other e-cigarettes available in 2013.[5]

## History

R.J. Reynolds launched Vuse in a June 2013 press conference, the first time R.J. Reynolds launched a product with a press conference in two decades.[1][6] R.J. Reynolds promoted Vuse with print, direct mail, and TV advertising, the latter of which is highly unusual for tobacco products in the United States.[6] Vuse was launched in Colorado,[6][7] but it quickly become available across the rest of the United States.[4] In 2015, Jerod Harris filed a lawsuit against Vuse for "[failure] to inform customers of the potential health risks incurred by using the products; specifically, inhalation of the carcinogens formaldehyde and acetaldehyde," a violation of California state law.[8]

In April 2018, R.J. Reynolds Vapor Company issued a recall of Vuse Vibe devices.[9] It stated that the batteries of Vuse Vibe vaporizers were malfunctioning and overheating after injuries were reported.[9] The cause of the malfunction has not been disclosed.[9]

In August 2018, Vuse launched the Vuse Alto,[10] a pod mod-type vaporizer, which is the variant of e-cigarette that Juul is.[11] The Alto is marketed as a direct competitor to Juul.
List of Doctor Who Big Finish Stories

**Big Finish Productions** have released Doctor Who audio dramas and audiobooks for over 20 years, across several ranges.

## The Monthly Adventures

*See: List of Stories - The Monthly Adventures*

## The Companion Chronicles

*See: List of Stories - The Companion Chronicles*

## Eighth Doctor Adventures

*See: List of Stories - Eighth Doctor Adventures
See also: Timeline - Eighth Doctor (Big Finish)*

## The Lost Stories

*See: List of Stories - The Lost Stories*

## Fourth Doctor Adventures

*See: List of Stories - Fourth Doctor Adventures
See also: Timeline - Fourth Doctor (Big Finish)*

## The Early Adventures

*See: List of Stories - The Early Adventures*

## Third Doctor Adventures

*See: List of Stories - Third Doctor Adventures*

## Tenth Doctor Adventures

*See: List of Stories - Tenth Doctor Adventures*

## The Doctor Chronicles

*See: List of Stories - The Doctor Chronicles*

## First Doctor Adventures

*See: List of Stories - First Doctor Adventures*

## Miscellaneous

### Excelis Saga (2002)

 *Excelis Rising* | David A. McIntee
 *Excelis Decays* | Craig Hinton
 *The Plague Herds of Excelis* | Steven Cole

### Specials

 *The Last Adventure*(anthology)
 *The Legacy of Time*(anthology)

### Classic Doctors, New Monsters

#### Volume 1 (2016)

 1.2
 1.3
 1.4

#### Volume 2 (2017)

 2.2
 2.3
 2.4

### The Seventh Doctor: The New Adventures

#### Volume 1 (2018)

 1.2
 1.3
 1.4

### The Sixth Doctor and Peri

#### Volume 1 (2020)

 1.2
 1.3
 1.4
List of Stories - New Series Adventures (BBC Books)

The **New Series Adventures**is a book and audiobook series by BBC Books.

## Tenth Doctor

### 2009

#### Audiobooks

 *The Rising Night* | Scott Handcock
 *The Day of the Troll* | Simon Messingham

## Eleventh Doctor

### 2010

2010 also saw a special release, *The Coming of the Terraphiles*.

### 2011

#### Audiobooks

 *The Hounds of Artemis* | James Goss
 *The Gemini Contagion* | Jason Arnopp
 *The Eye of the Jungle* | Darren Jones
 *Blackout* | Oli Smith

### 2013

 52
 53

## Twelfth Doctor

### 2014

 55
 56

### 2015

 58
 59

#### Audiobooks

 *The House of Winter* | George Mann
 *The Sins of Winter* | James Goss

### 2017

 61
 62

#### Audiobooks

 *The Lost Planet* | George Mann
 *The Lost Magic* | Cavan Scott
 *The Lost Flame* | George Mann, Cavan Scott
 *Death Among the Stars* | Steve Lyons
 *Rhythm of Destruction* | Darren Jones

## Thirteenth Doctor

### 2018

 64
 65
Season 7

**Season 7**was broadcast in 1970. It starred Jon Pertwee as the Third Doctor and Caroline John as Liz, with Nicholas Courtney as The Brigadier. It was the first to feature the Third Doctor, the first to be broadcast in colour, and the first to be produced by Barry Letts.

## Stories

Season 7 contained four stories.

 52
 53
 54
Voice JAT Wiki

**Welcome to the Voice JAT Wiki!**
We're a collaborative community website that anyone, including you, can build and expand. Wikis like this one depend on readers getting involved and adding content. Click the "ADD NEW PAGE" or "EDIT" button at the top of any page to get started!

*Community Founders*: Write a good and paragraph-length description here about your topic. Let your readers know what your topic is about and add some general information about it. Then you should visit the admin dashboard for more tips.

## Important articles

PlaceholderA page about your topicPlaceholderA Main CharacterPlaceholderThe First EpisodePlaceholderAn Important LocationPlaceholderA Key EventPlaceholderA Crucial Item

*Need help building out this community?*

* Getting Started
* How to Contribute
* Managing your new community
* Guides
* All Help articles

You can also be part of the larger Fandom family of communities. Visit Fandom's Community Central!
List of Stories - Virgin New Adventures

The **Virgin New Adventures** was a book series by Virgin Books featuring the Seventh Doctor. It served as a continuation of Doctor Who following Season 26.

## The New Adventures (Doctor Who)

### 1991

 2
 3
 4

### 1996

Including *So Vile a Sin*, intended for release in November 1996.

### 1997

 59
 60

1997 also saw the release of *The Dying Days*, the final in the series to feature the Doctor - and the only to feature the Eighth Doctor.

## The New Adventures (Bernice Summerfield)

The series continued, featuring former companion Bernice Summerfield.
Graham Williams

**Graham Williams**(1945-1990) was the series' producer from *Horror of Fang Rock*to *Shada*. He was also a writer and director.

## Stories

### Television

Williams wrote two stories, televised between 1978 and 1979.

 105

He also directed *Nightmare of Eden*(1979) with Alan Bromly.

### Big Finish

Williams' unproduced script *The Nightmare Fair*was adapted for Big Finish's The Lost Stories range.
Yeliashkevych

Origin
 Genres
 Labels

**Yeliashkevych** are a Ukranian family rock band that formed in 2009 in Krasnoperekopsk, Ukraine. The band originally formed with the five eldest members of the family Alina, Iryna, Dzheyms, Petro and Polina before the remaining members joined over the coming years.

The band has primarily released their music in English with their first album *Wisdom, Justice, and Love* becoming successful throughout Europe. As a five piece the band finished second in Eurovision Song Contest in 2012 with the song "The Messenger". Their third album *Drop Dead Cynical* which focused more on the singing of the female band members and was coupled with the success of Dzheyms winning the fifth season of the US version of *The Voice* earned them international acclaim.

The band have earned 12 number ones in Ukraine a tally only better by Dzhemys' solo career.

## Discography

*Main article: Yeliashkevych discography*
* *Wisdom, Justice, and Love* (2010)
* *Roads Untraveled* (2012)
* *Drop Dead Cynical* (2013)
* *Keys to the Kingdom* (2014)
* *Leave Everything Behind* (2016)
* *The Dark of You* (2018)
* *Breakthrough Starshot* (2019)

## Members

* Alina Yeliashkevych – Lead guitar, vocals (2009–present)
* Dzheyms Yeliashkeych – Lead vocals, piano (2009–present)
* Iryna Yeliashkevych – Rhythm guitar, vocals (2009–present)
* Petro Yeliashkevych – Bass guitar (2009–2012), Rapping (2009–present)
* Polina Yeliashkevych – Drums (2009–present)
* Anastasiya Yeliashkevych – Bass guitar (2012–present)
* Anatoli Yeliashkevych – Bass guitar (2013–present)
* Dmytro Yeliashkevych – Turntables (2014–present)
* Heorhiy Yeliashkevych – Synthesizer (2014–present)
* Karyna Yeliashkevych – Rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2016–present)
* Khrystyna Yeliashkevych – Rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2016–present)
* Kostyantyn Yeliashkevych – Drums (2017–present)
* Sasha Yeliashkevych – Piano, keyboards (2017–present)
* Nataliya Yeliashkevych – Lead female vocals (2019–present)
* Yevheniy Yeliashkevych – Turntables, synthesizer (2020–present)

**Timeline**