Old Druid language

The **Old Druid language**, or **Ancient Pacardi** (Old Druid language: **yextis-druwiss**), is a language of the Old Druids.

## alphabet

```
**Ae Ee Ii Oo Uu**

```

```
**Bb Dd Ff Gg Kk Ll Mm Nn Pp Rr Ss Tt Ww Xx Yy Zz**

```

## pronunciation

```
a **/a/**
e **/ɛ/, /e/**
i **/i/**
o **/ɔ/, /o/**
u **/u/**

```

```
b **/b/**
d **/d/**
f **/f/**
g **/g/**
l **/l/**
m **/m/**
n **/n/**
p **/p/**
r **/ɹ̠/, /ɾ/**
s **/s/**
t **/t/**
w **/w/**
x **/ç/, /x/**
y **/j/**
z **/z/**

```

## etymology

Proto-Celtic is the main foundation, but Brythonic and Gaelic tongues also provide some words.

These tongues include Manx, Cornish, stages of Welsh, stages of Irish, and Proto-Brythonic. Some of these words are in turn, from Latin.

### Brythonic words

-yans/yanses (-tion, -ment)

* Cornish/-yans
* Welsh/-iant

dreigu/dreigunes (dragon)

* Proto-Brythonic/drakū
* Middle Welsh/dreic

kanwila/kanwilas (candle)

* Proto-Brythonic/kantuɨll
* Middle Welsh/canhwyll

eurom/eura (gold)

* Proto-Brythonic/ėür

tro (turn/bend/curve/change)

* Proto-Brythonic/tro

### Gaelic words

kleixos/kleixoi (game/sport)

* Old Irish/cluiche
* Manx/cloie

aislinga/aislingas (dream/vision)

* Old Irish/aislinge

asarlaxta/asarlaxtas (magic/wizardry/witchcraft/sorcery)

* Old Irish/asarlaigecht

epaida/epaidas (charm/spell)

* Old Irish/epaid

senxas/senxases (lore)

* Old Irish/senchas

arneis/arneises (tool/instrument/goods/equipment)

* Middle Irish/airnéis

rixsaxta/rixsaxtas (kingdom)

* Middle Irish/rígdacht
* Irish/ríocht

rixsalaxta/rixsalaxtas (royalty)

* Scottish Gaelic/rìoghalachd

## nouns/plurals

masculine/feminine

* ass/ates
* ixs/iges
* iss/ides
* is/ines
* ets/etes
* oxs/okes
* oxs/oxtes
* u/ones
* u/unes
* uts/otes
* us/owes
* s/ses

masculine

* os/oi

feminine

* a/as
* ii/yas

neuter

* om/a
* os/esa
* i/ya
* u/wa

## adjectives

masculine

* os/oi

feminine

* a/as

neuter

* om/a

### examples

masculine singular

* wiweros-windos (white squirrel)

masculine plural

* wiweroi-windoi (white squirrels)

feminine singular

* yara-dusna (brown chicken)

neuter singular

* mori-glastom (green sea)

neuter plural

* morya-glasta (green seas)

## other grammar

### word order

v-s-o (verb-subject-object)

s-v-o (subject-verb-object)

### kinds of adjectives

hyphen

* (noun)-(adjective)

compound

* (adjective)(noun)

### present progressive

```
og = -ing
taye = be

```

* og (verb)
* taye (pronoun) og (verb)

### simple past

* (verb)-ais
* (verb)-us

### past participle

* gweti (verb)-ais
* gweti (verb)-us

### simple future

```
bos = will

```

* bos (pronoun) (verb)

### examples

* te klinu ed (you hear it)
* taye moi og adkwise ed (I am seeing it)

* moi adkwisus ed (I saw it)
* sinde betom taye fresigyus (the food is frozen)
* moi gweti miskais sinde betom (I have mixed the food)

* bos snis isse eyes (we will eat them)
* bos es og kane (he will be singing)

## lexicon

### numbers

* oinos/oinoi 1
* duwo 2
* tris 3
* kwetwores 4
* kwenkwe 5
* swexs 6
* sextam 7
* oxtu 8
* nowan 9
* dekam
* wikanti 20
* trikontes 30
* duwowikanti 40
* koiga 50
* kantom/kanta 100

* degwe (-teen)
* kentus (first)
* alyos/alyoi (other, second)
* tritiyos (third)
* kwetwariyos (fourth)
* kwenkwetos (fifth)

### pronouns

* moi = I/me
* te = you (singular)/thou
* es = he/him
* sii = she/her
* ed = it
* snis = we/us
* swisswis/swis = you (plural)
* eyes = they/them

* mene = my, mine
* towe = your, yours
* esyo = his
* esyas = her, hers
* anserom = our, ours
* swes = your, yours
* eysom = their, theirs

### articles/determiners

* (the) se/sinde
* (an/a) oine

* (this) so/sindos/sinda
* (that) sindom
* (these) sindoi/sindas
* (those) sinda

### colors

* roudos/roudoi (red)
* dergos/dergoi (red)
* bodyroudos/bodyroudoi (orange)
* bodyos/bodyoi (yellow)
* glastos/glastoi (green)
* mintuss/mintowes (mint)
* gurmos/gurmoi (blue)
* gurmkorfora/gurmkorforas (violet)
* korfora/korforas (purple)
* roudwindos/roudwindoi (pink)

* liwos/liwoi (color)
* windos/windoi (white)
* dubus/dubowes (black)
* dusnos/dusnoi (brown)
* fletos/fletoi (gray)

### days

* diyos-sawol (Sunday)
* diyos-eskyom (Monday)
* diyos-tefnets (Tuesday)
* diyos-udenskyos (Wednesday)
* diyos-kresnom (Thursday)
* diyos-eurom (Friday)
* diyos-talamu (Saturday)

### seasons

* amstera/amsteras (season)
* gyemos/gyemoi (winter)
* wesrakos/wesrakoi (spring)
* samos/samoi (summer)
* wogamuros/wogamuroi (fall/autumn)

### months

* mins-yegis (January)
* mins-kanwila (February)
* mins-aidom (March)
* mins-auyom (April)
* samonyos (May)
* mins-mukos (June)
* mins-mori (July)
* mins-luba (August)
* mins-kormi (September)
* mins-winom (October)
* mins-yara (November)
* mins-argyos (December)

### time

* bledanii/bledanyas (year)
* mins/minses (month)

* noxs/noxtes (night)
* sonoxs, sindanoxs (tonight)
* diyos/diyoi (day)
* sodiyos (today)

* baregos (morning)
* iforegos (tomorrow)
* inde, desi (yesterday)
* noxtyer (last night, yesterday evening)

* tratu/tratwa (time/hour)
* komnoxs/komnoxtes (equinox)
* sawoltroyans/sawoltroyanses (solstice)

### animals

* milom/mila (animal)
* betrixs (beast)

* betrixs-gurmos (dolphin)
* dreigu/dreigunes (dragon)

* ku/kunes (dog)
* wailos/wailoi (wolf)
* kattos/kattoi (cat)
* ekwos/ekwoi (horse)
* kaballos/kaballoi (horse)
* mokkus/mokkowes (pig/swine/hog)
* wiweros (squirrel)
* lukuts/lukotes (mouse)
* artos/artoi (bear)

* etnos/etnoi (bird)
* ataros/ataroi (bird)

* feskos/feskoi (fish)
* esoxs/esokes (salmon)

### birds

* yara/yaras (hen/chicken)
* kalyakos/kalyakoi (rooster)
* branos/branoi (crow/raven)
* gezda/gezdas (goose)
* gansis/gansines (swan)
* kuwannos/kuwannoi (owl)
* welanna/welannas (seagull)
* wesakos/wesakoi (grebe/rail/crake)

### food

* bargos/bargoi (cake)
* granom/grana (grain)
* aragnos/aragnoi (bread)
* baragena/baragenas (loaf)

* sugos/sugoi (juice/sap)
* smiyoros/smiyoroi (blackberry)
* abalom/abala (apple)
* subi/subya (strawberry)
* agrona/agronas (fruit/berry)
* lussus/lussowes (herb/vegetable)
* luba/lubas (herb/plant)

* auyom/auya (egg)
* we(f)olis/we(f)olines (meat)
* weolis-yara (poultry)
* bandyos/bandyoi (milk)
* kos/koi (cheese)

* agrinyos/agrinyoi (plum/sloe)
* toradom/torada (fruit/produce)
* knus/knowes (nut)
* messus/messowes (acorn)

### nature

* eurom/eura (gold)
* argantom/arganta (silver)
* stagnos/stagnoi (tin)
* omiyom/omiya (copper/bronze)
* isarnom/isarna (iron)

* swantos/swantoi (gem/crystal)
* kluka/klukas (stone/rock)

* tefnets/tefnetes (fire)
* kresnom/kresna (tree/wood)
* dubros/dubroi (water)
* udenskyos/udenskyoi (water)
* admentos/admentoi (wood/material)
* mori/morya (sea)
* traxtus/traxtowes (sand)
* gwintos/gwintoi (wind)
* kumlos/kumloi (cloud)
* freswos (frost)
* kowerka/kowerkas (hemp/cannabis)

* nemos/nemesa (sky/heaven)
* stera/stera (star)
* talamu/talamones (earth)
* eskyom/eskya (moon)
* grena/grenas (sun)
* sawol/sules (sun)

* enistii/enistyas (island)
* moniyos/moniyoi (mountain)
* moniyos-tefnets/moniyoi-tefnets (volcano)
* kallii/kallyas (forest)
* kaitos (forest)

### people

* rixs/riges (king)
* riganii/riganyas (queen)
* walos/waloi (prince)
* makwos-rixs/makwoi-rixs (prince)
* enigena-rixs/enigenas-rixs (princess)

* makwos/makwoi (son)
* enigena/enigenas (daughter)
* bena/bnas (woman/wife)
* wiros (man/husband)
* gdonyos (human/person)

* asarligye-stera (astrologer)
* asarlaxta-stera (astrology)

* asarligye (wizard/magician/sorcerer)
* asarlaxta (magic/wizardry/witchcraft/sorcery)
* epaidigye (enchanter)
* wrakka (witch, sorceress)

### technology

* gleus (device/appliance/apparatus/contraption/instrument/machine/utensil)
* andelom (machine/engine/tool/gadget)
* arneis (tool/instrument/goods/equipment)
* arneis-keolom (musical instrument)
* rotos/rotoi (wheel)

* ruidos (net/mesh)
* fresigyatis/fresigyatines (freezer)

* enterruidos (internet)
* andelom-adrime (computer)
* adrimatis (calculator)
* kleixos-aislinga (videogame)

* adrima (counting)
* rima (number)
* adrime (count/reckon/compute/calculate)
* adrimeyans (calculation/computation)

### things

* druwiss/druwides (druid)
* druwissaxta (druidism)
* betom/beta (food)
* deoga/deogas (drink/beverage)

* (f)arewedyom/(f)arewedya (sign/token)
* rotos-arewedyom/rotoi-arewedyom (zodiac)
* tangwass/tangwates (tongue/language)
* yextis/yextines (speech/language)
* sketlom (story, tale/news, report)
* nowyaxta (news)
* anman/anmana (name)
* woxtlom (word)
* garyos (word/command)
* wepos (speech/voice)
* rentus/rentowes (thing)

* kladiwos/kladiwoi (sword)
* sketos/sketoi (shield/protection)
* sedyom (seat/chair)
* rixssedyom (throne)
* tegos/tegesa (house/dwelling)
* tegos-rixs/tegesa-rixs (palace)
* epaida (charm/spell)
* epaidaxta (enchantment)
* kleixos (game/sport)
* aislinga (dream/vision)

* Iweryu (Ireland)
* wlatis/wlatines (country/realm)
* kenetlom/kenetla (nation)
* rixsaxta/rixsaxtas (kingdom)
* rixsalos/rixsaloi (royal)
* rixsalaxta/rixsalaxtas (royalty)
* dolya/dolyas (leaf/page/sheet)
* lirom/lira (book)

### knowledge

* eulaxta (science)
* euligye (scientist)
* wissus/wissowes (knowledge)
* eulas, eul (knowledge/information)

* senxas (lore)
* kerda/kerdas (craft/skill)

* senxas-miska (chemistry)
* kerda-miska (alchemy)

* kalmiyos (expert/skillful)
* kalmiyaxta (art)
* danus (craft/art/poem/gift)
* dauna (poem)
* keolom/keola (music)
* kantlom (song/singing)

### verbs

* taye (be)
* buye (become)
* taye kanta (have)
* buta (have/get)
* kabe (have/get)

* fibe (drink)
* isse (eat)
* adkwise (see)
* klinu (hear)
* klusi (listen)
* kane (sing)
* sagye (seek)
* fresigye (freeze)
* winde (know)
* wolke (wash)
* labre (speak/talk)
* exsbere (tell/say)
* bere (carry/bear)
* ambibere (play)
* garye (cry/shout)
* kuxske (sleep)
* klade (dig)
* sna (swim)
* medye (judge/measure)
* swarye (think)
* kerde (walk)
* gwele (see/observe)
* farna (grant/bestow)
* miska (mix/blend, confuse)
* woure (find)

### other

* kanta (with/by)
* onkus (near)
* kantyos/kantyoi (assembly, gathering)
* nes/nis (not)

### prefixes

* ati- (re-, again)
* exs- (out-, ex-, dis)
* ambi- (ambi-, around, about, both)
* kom- (with, co-)
* fare- (fore-)
* ufor- (over, super-)
* gwo - (under, sub-)
* du- (un-, non-)
* ad - (to, towards)

### suffixes

* -yans/yanses (-tion, -ment)
* -ikos/-ikoi (-ish, language suffix)
* -akos/-akoi (-ish, -y)
* -axta/-axtas (-ness, -hood)
* -yos/-yoi (-er)
* -atis/-atines (-er)
* -isamos/-isamoi (-est)
* -inos/-inoi (-ine)
* -alos/-aloi (-ly, -al)
* -sagyetor (denominative/causative)
* -igye/igyes (denominative/causative)

### Pacardi elements

* elfena (element)

* gwolu/gwolunes (light)
* temeslos/temesloi (darkness/dark)
* udenskyos/udenskyoi (water)
* yegis/yegines (ice)
* aidom/aida (fire)
* gwintos/gwintoi (wind)
* luba/lubas (herb/plant)
* talamu/talamones (earth)
* toranos/toranoi (thunder)
* leigos (cure/remedy/healing/medicine)
* menis/menines (metal/ore)

### chemical elements

* ulayos (hydrogen)
* elfena-sawol (helium)
* elfena-glawos (carbon)
* ofelayos (oxygen)
* elfena-nowya (neon)
* isarnom/isarna (iron)
* omiyom/omiya (copper)
* argantom/arganta (silver)
* stagnos/stagnoi (tin)
* eurom-windom (platinum)
* eurom/eura (gold)
* argantom-biwom (mercury)
* loudom/louda (lead)