List of historical dramas

This is a list of **selected** **historical dramas** that tries to cover the entire span of the Human race existence on Earth.

The list was first created in 2006 by PagliaSite admin Andres Contos, aka Sid-Vicious, and has been growing ever since. It soon became part of the *Insane Projects* developed by the Paglia Community; since 2021, it has been included here as part of the "*A World of Straw Bales*" Fandom Wiki.

## The Project

The "**historical drama**", or "**period drama**", is a film and television genre in which the stories are set in a specific past time of the world's history. Some are biographies of more or less notorious historical individuals; some are fictionalized tales based or inspired by actual events; some are docu-dramas, with great attention given to historical accuracy; others are totally fictional stories using a specific historical period as their setting.

The list is extremely detailed. Whenever possible, we try to specify the time period covered by the main plot, sometimes up to the specific day or month (this is particularly true for the last part, covering the 20th/21th century). In this way we were able to identify the time setting of single episodes of many television series and miniseries. By watching the selected productions in the order presented in this list, viewers can get the feeling of witnessing history year after year, century after century, like a sort of time travel. The list tries to be very history-geeks oriented.

Of course, viewers must always remember that historical dramas, in most of the cases, are not accurate and many productions take a lot of artistic licenses in the way they depict actual historical events or specific time periods; quite commons are also goofs, anachronisms and continuity errors.

The list follows a chronological order based on the historical setting of every single production taken into consideration.

```
*For the most past, these are films and television series that I've watched and evaluated. In those cases where the setting remains uncertain, I tried to approximate it as much as possibile, following the clues provided by the stories and my own personal historical knowledge. Some of the calendar dates used here may be subjects to future corrections, especially in regards to those films and tv series that I haven't watched in a long time.*

*The list it's based on my personal assessments. For this reason, I haven't included all the films or the television series in existence, but only those that I found to be worthy or peculiar (e.g. good screenplays, great production values, historical accuracy, cinematic impact, etc.). The list follows a European, or, more generally, a Western point of view when it comes to the productions selected to be included. This is simply because that is where I live; in no way this decision want to imply a belief in pre-eminence of Western culture.*

```

This list is not intended to include every single period film or tv series, but just a selected few. This rules still applies on this wiki and cannot be changed. Users however are free to use the list as a reference if they wish to create their own version: Also, the list covers mainly British, American and Italian productions.

```
*There are some Asian works, but limited to those I had the chance to see. Indian, Russians, or productions from Arabic or Spanish-speaking countries are mostly absent; the same applies for non-English European works (e.g., French or German ones), with few exceptions.*

```

As of April 2023, only active, registered members from this wiki or the PagliaSite Community are allowed to edit the list. Random, anonymous visitors can leave comments in the appropriate section if they wish make suggestions, discussions, signalling mistakes or whatever the reason.

## Exclusions

The following kinds of productions are excluded from this list:

* animated films (e.g. *Ice Age*)
* sword-and-sandals, aka *peplum* (e.g. *The Colossus of Rhodes*)
* Hollywood historical epics with excessive Christian hagiographic tones (e.g. *Quo Vadis?*; *Ben-Hur*)
* musicals, or any type of production where the protagonists suddenly start singing and dancing for no apparent reason (ergo the exclusion of Bollywood movies and American musicals with historical settings)
* films where the mythological element is predominant (e.g. *Clash of the Titans*; *Gods of Egypt*; *Hercules*)
* likewise, productions with overwhelming fantasy features (e.g. *Xena: Warrior Princess*; *Merlin*)
* alternate history films and series (e.g. *Bridgerton*; *Da Vinci's Demons*)
* films that are just too awful, lol (e.g. *10,000 BC*)

There are some exceptions for films that illustrate foundative - albeit non-historical - elements of pagan or Abrahamic mythologies (e.g. *Abraham*)

Another exception to some of the said rules can be made if the events are presented by an internal narrator (even if not reliable) who can justify for the exaggerations or inaccuracies (e.g. *300*).

Furthermore, if a particular event or historical period has been covered by more than one production during the last 80 years, the rule is to favor the more recent ones, except in cases where the old product is qualitatively superior to the modern one. As an example, it's for this reason that *The 300 Spartans* is included alongside the aforementioned *300*, even if it may fall into the swords-and-sandals genre.

## Legend

* *Titles in Italic type*: theatrical releases and television films
* Titles in roman type: television and digital series/miniseries

## Prehistory

*Main article: List of historical dramas set in prehistoric times*

 80.000 BCE
 26.000 BCE
 20.000 BCE
 3300 BCE

## Ancient History (3000 BCE-500 CE)

*Main article: List of historical dramas set in Antiquity*

## Middle Ages (500-1500)

*Main article: List of historical dramas set in the Middle Ages*

## Early Modern Period (1500-1765)

*Main article: List of historical dramas set in the Modern Period*

## Age of Revolutions (1776-1849)

*Main article: List of historical dramas set in the Age of Revolutions*

## The Great Divergence (1850-1913)

*Main article: List of historical dramas set during the Great Divergence*

## Age of Extremes (1914-1989)

### First World War (1914-1918)

*Main article: List of historical dramas set during the First World War*

### Interwar Period (1919-1938)

*Main article: List of historical dramas set during the Interwar Period*

### Second World War (1939-1945)

*Main article: List of historical dramas set during the Second World War*

### The Paranoia Years (1946-1959)

*Main article: List of historical dramas set during the Paranoia Years*

### The 1960s (1960-1969)

*Main article: List of historical dramas set in the 1960s*

### The 1970s (1970-1979)

*Main article: List of historical dramas set in the 1970s*

### The 1980s (1980-1989)

*Main article: List of historical dramas set in the 1980s*

## Age of Information (1990-2021)

### The 1990s (1990-1999)

*Main article: List of historical dramas set in the 1990s*

### The 2000s (2000-2009)

*Main article: List of historical dramas set in the 2000s*

Test. This is a test.
The End. This is the end. My only friend, the end...

## Notes

1. ↑ There are many problems with the historical-temporal collocation of this film: despite its boasting of being based on archaeological evidence, it is actually a mix of historical fiction (mostly erroneous) and fantasy. The film features historical events spanning over a century, reducing them to a few days of plot (or just over a decade, if we count the opening prologue). These range from the departure of Pelagius for Rome (AD 380) to the death of the Saxon Cynric (AD 560). The version of the film I have viewed does not contain dates, except in the subtitles which place the prologue in the year AD 452, before advancing fifteen years later (and therefore to the year AD 467). As a chronological location, however, I chose the year AD 419, based on these two considerations: in the film it is stated that a year has passed since Pelagius' death (in real life, Pelagius disappears from historical records after moving to Egypt in 418); 419 is quite close to the conventional date of the Roman withdrawal from Britain (which took place between 402 and 410). It is a mere compromise, as the film presents characters and events that are very distant from each other in historical reality, as already mentioned. To name but a few: the mission of Bishop Germanus of Auxerre in Britain (circa AD 429); the Battle of Mons Badonicus (490s-510s ca.); the constant references to the Pope in Rome but never to the Western emperor in Ravenna (which would set the film post-476); the landing of the Saxons of Cerdic and Cynric (493); not to mention the many absurdities, including a Roman family living in a rich patrician villa located north of Hadrian's Wall!
2. ↑ *Vikings* relies on a compressed timeline, mixing historical facts with legendary tales derived from various Norse sagas. For this reason, the ageing of the characters is ignored in this list, which compares each episode with known historical events.

*Rites of Passage* is explicitly set in AD 793, a date given in the episode's very first scene; mention is made several times of the upcoming summer raids, so the series probably begins in the spring of that year. It's interesting that, after the second season, the series no longer provides any specification regarding the year of setting of the events shown. The writers probably realized the incongruity that would've been created when they moved towards (chronologically) much later events, such as the siege of Paris, the vassalage of Rollo by the Kingdom of Frankia or the rise of Alfred the Great. In hindsight, it would have been more coherent if the raid on Lindisfarne had been carried out by Ragnar Lothbrok's father or grandfather.

*Wrath of the Northmen* depicts the famous Viking raid on Lindisfarne. which happened on June 8, 793. A second raid is depicted in *Dispossessed*, depicted as occuring shortly after the first. The meeting on the beach between the Northmen and the Northumbrian Sheriff seems to be based on the Viking raid of 789 in Dorset, when the reeve of Dorchester, Beaduheard, went to greet them after they had landed, only to be killed. The following episode, *Trial*, also shows Ælla as King of Northumbria: in real life, Ælla was king from 862 to 867. In 793, the King of Northumbria was Æthelred I (790-796).
3. ↑ *Burial of the Dead* is set between the latter part of 793 and the early summer of 794: an on-screen title towards the end of the episode states "*June, 794 AD*".
4. ↑ Ælla is here shown to have a brother, Aethelwulf, and another, unnamed, younger one, who "*fled to Mercia*"; he's also depicted as having a wife, Ealswith, and a son, Egbert. In real life, the only brother suggested by a single source was Osberht, the previous King of Northumbria; he also had a daughter, Æthelthryth, but no mention is made about a wife. Ælla was an usurper, having rised to the throne after Osberth's deposition, and died shortly afterward, killed in battle in 867 during the invasion of Britain by the Great Heathen Army.
5. ↑ Some time has passed, because Athelstan is showed as being more integrated in the local culture. *Sacrifice* also introduces the character of King Horik. This is an example of the compressed timeline used in *Vikings*: in real history, Horik I was King of the Danes from 813 to 854.
6. ↑ The second season opening episode, *Brother's War*, marks the last time a calendar date is clearly given on-screen, in this case the year 796. For the rest of its run, the series will make no more attempts to keep track with established historical dates and events.
7. ↑ *Invasion* begins 4 years after the previous episode, in the middle of winter; it ends during the summer raid in England.
8. ↑ *Treachery* depicts Ecbert as King of Wessex: this is almost right. The real, historical Ecgberht ascended to the throne in AD 802, after spending ca. 10 years in exile on the continent, at the court of Charlemagne, at that time King of the Franks. However, the episode wrongly states that Charlemagne is already dead by this time: he was in fact still alive, having being crowned emperor in Rome on December 25, 800; he died more than a decade later, in the year 814.
9. ↑ *Unforgiven* is set during or shortly after winter, as stated by Ragnar to King Horik in the opening scenes.

*Blood Eagle* references the recent death of Offa, King of Mercia (historically, AD 796). The episode also introduces Judith of Nurthumbria as daughter of King Ælla; she marries Æthelwulf, son of King Ecbert of Wessex. Ælla had no daughter called Judith. The real first wife of Æthelwulf was Osburh (mother of Alfred the Great); later in his life (AD 856), he married Judith of Flanders, daughter of Charles II the Bald, King of West Francia. The character seems to be an amalgamation of the historical Osburth and Judith. Ælla, Æthelwulf, Judith of Flanders, all these historical figures lived in the middle of 9th century and not in the early 800s.
10. ↑ *Boneless* is set at the end of Slaug's pregnancy, so several months must have passed after the events of the previous episodes. It also introduces the character of Princess Kewnthrith, daughter of the defunct King Offa and pretender to the throne of Mercia. She is based on the historical Cwenthryth, who lived in the early 9th century. Information about her life are very scarce, so the series has very little to contradict. Cwenthryth was the sister of "Saint Kenelm" and according to some was probably involved in the latter death. Their father was Coenwulf of Mercia, not Offa, and he died around or after AD 821. According to historical records, Cwenthryth was a religious woman, being the abbess of Minster-in-Thanet.
11. ↑ *The Lord's Prayer* is set ca. 9 months after *Unforgiven*, as Helga announces her pregnancy in the latter episode, and she has given birth to a child when the former begins.
12. ↑ As previously mentioned, *Vikings* is inspired by the Norse sagas, therefore it does not respect the chronological succession of historical events. The series brings together characters who in reality could never had met, and presents certain historical events as very close when in reality they were separated by decades, if not centuries. For this reason, I have decided to ignore the age of the semi-legendary characters in the story and stick to the dates of historical reality as much as possible. So, from *Mercenary* the series is placed during the winter of the year 844 because all the events covered by *Vikings* from the season 3 onwards took place in the middle, or second half, of the 9th century. There are obviously other alternative solutions: placing the whole series at the beginning of the 800s (793-821), or move the first two seasons towards the middle of the century, in order to make it closer to the main historical events covered (in this case, the first 2 seasons would cover the years 833-843) ignoring the dates given on screen during some of the early episodes. This list has chosen the third way, which is the one used. This choice cannot be changed and will remain final. Whoever changes it will be condemned to the catapult.
13. ↑ *The Usurper* covers several months of time, as Porunn gives birth to her child. This is further corroborated by the following episode, *Born Again*, as Judith also ends her pregnancy by giving birth to Alfred (her pregnancy was announced during *The Usurper*).
14. ↑ The last episodes of *Viking*'s third season depicts a heavy fictionalized version of the Siege of Paris of 845, led by a Norse lord called "Reginherus", or Ragnar. Charles II "the Bald" is erroneously presented as "Emperor": in real history, he was King of West Francia during this time period; he only became Emperor in AD 875, after the death of Louis II (son of his half-brother Lothair). Some elements of the story are also taken from the Siege of Paris of 885-886, for example the character of Count Odo and the failed attempt to take the city with siege engines and other tricks. The trick used by Ragnar in *The Dead* to get inside Paris was actually employed by Björn Järnsida to sack the city of Luni, in the region of Liguria, Italy (which the Northmen mistakenly believed to be Rome), during his raid into the Mediterranean Sea in 859-861. In 845 the Northmen actually took and plundered Paris almost immediately after their arrival; the ransom was paid afterwards, because they didn't lift the siege after the first sack. As for Rollo, is role is inspired by the historical Rollo of Normandy, who in 911 received the lands between the mouth of the Seine and Rouen (the Duchy of Normandy) in exchange for ending Viking's raid against West Francia and defending the Seine estuary from other attacks: Rollo did so by swearing allegiance to king Charles III "the Simple", becoming his vassal, and converting to Christianity. He may have married a Princess Gisela (her existence is not even confirmed), but she was a (legitimate or illegitimate) daughter of king Charles the Simple and not of Charles the Bald, as mistakenly portrayed in the series. Gisela however wasn't the mother of Rollo's children and descendants: their mother was Poppa of Bayeux. Again, this alteration of historical facts would've worked better if they had made Rollo (Ragnar's brother) an ancestor (e.g. the grandfather) of his historical namesake.
15. ↑ It's difficult to say how much time passes between *The Dead* and *A Good Treason*. All the kids in Kattegat, expecially Ivar and poor Siggy, have grown considerably, and yet it seems Ragnar and co. have just returned from the raid on Paris depicted at the end of Season 3. The siege itself lasted several months at the least, if not a year (but that would be quite a stretch): if it began in late March like the real history siege of 845, then we may assume that it ended in early summer. Also, at the beginning of *A Good Treason*, full winter season as not yet begun, but it does play a major role in the next few episodes. It's difficult taking into account all these discrepancies and uncertainties, so I've decided to place the Season 4 premiere in late summer/early autumn of 845. As for the children, they are obviously suffering an acute case of SORAS (Soap Opera Rapid Aging Syndrome), a trope-disease quite common in television that will keep afflicting *Viking*'s children in all of its subsequent seasons.
16. ↑ The episode depicts the celebrations of both Advent (Christmas) and "Yol" (*Vikings*' "adaptation" of Yule), so it takes place near the end of one year and the beginning of the next. The episode also introduces the character of Harald "Finehair" Halfdansson. He is based on the historical Harald Fairhair, the first King of Norway according to traditions. While his biography is uncertain, the historical Harald lived between AD 850 and AD 932, several decades after the main setting of Vikings.
17. ↑ *Promised* introduces the character of Halfdan "The Black", brother of Harald Finehair. In real history (as per according to Norse traditions). Halfdan "The Black"was actually Harald's father, not his brother. Also in this episode, Yidu says that the current ruler of China is "Emperor Dezong" of the Tang Dynasty (she later claims he is her father). The historical reference may be Emperor Dezong of Tang, who ruled between AD 779 and AD 805: he had Princess Yidu as fourth daughter. Setting aside all the absurdities in the treating of this character, the historical rulers of China during this period were either Emperor Wuzong (840-846), Emperor Zuanzong (846-859) or Emperor Yizong of Tang (859-873).
18. ↑ *What Might Have Been* shows Æthelwulf and Alfred going into a pilgrimage to Rome. In real history, according to the *Anglo-Saxon Chronicle*, Alfred was first sent to Rome in AD 853, where he met Pope Leo IV. He's also recorded as having accompanied his father on a pilgrimage to Rome around AD 853-854 (both references are probably to one single voyage). During the travel, he spent time at the court of Charles the Bald, King of West Francia. On their return from Rome in AD 856, Æthelwulf was deposed by his son, Æthelbald. All these details are ignored in the TV series.
19. ↑ There is a time jump toward the end of *The Last Ship*, after the lost battle against Rollo's forces. In Kattegat, Thorhall says to Bjorn  that Magnus, Queen Kwenthrith alleged bastard son with Ragnar, is now 12 years old. He was born between the 3rd season episodes The Usurper and Paris, so the "present" scene should be set ca. 11 years after Ragnar's defeat in West Francia (and that wouls be AD 857). Alfred, who was born during Born Again, should be at least 12-13 years old as well, nearly the same age as Magnus. However, since Viking's internal timeline is already a mess within itself, and also upon the evident fact that Hirst doesn't seem to care about the incosistency with the ages of several characters, I unilaterally decided to make a 18 years time-jump, so that the second part of Season 4 will be as alligned as possibile with known historical events (in this case, the Great Heathen Army invasion of Britain of AD 865-66).
20. ↑ In *Crossings*, Lagertha orders defensive structures to be built around Kattegat; we see this defenses being built quite rapidly during this same episode, so that a few months may have passed.
21. ↑ Bjorn has the time to come back to Kattegat from Spain, whose defensive wall have grown considerably in the meantime. Several months may be taken into account as Ragnars' sons prepare their plans.
22. ↑ Revenge covers a lot of events in a very short time. To keep it as close as possible to historical recorsds, we assume a period from middle 865 to early-middle 866. Historically, the Great Heathen Army arrived in East Anglia in late 865 and wintered there before moving against York in November 866; King Ælla died in battle trying to retake York around March 21, 867, and was not blood-eagled. Also, the capture of York by the Northmen is not depicted in this episode.
23. ↑ In *On the Eve* it's stated that, after killing Ælla "near York", the Northmen have moved south into the Midlands, towards Repton. Repton was actually taken by the invaders in the winter of 873-874.
24. ↑ *The Reckoning* brings the fall of Winchester and the death of King Ecbert. In real history, he was long dead by the time of the Viking invasion, having passed away in 839. The King of Wessex was actually Æthelred I, son of Æthelwulf: the latter died shortly before the beginning of the Viking invasion. The Sack of Winchester happened in 911, well after the events depicted in the series. In the first years of he invasion, the Greath Heathen Army was active mainly in Mercia (still independent from Wessex), Northumbria and East Anglia, pillaging but also receiving *danegeld* and installing puppet rulers in the conquered territories. They did not attack Wessex until 870, at that time defended by King Æthelred and his younger brother, Alfred.
25. ↑ *The Fisher King* continues the introduction of Bishop Heahmund from the Season 4 finale. The character is very, very loosely based upon the historical Heahmund, Bishop of Sherborne, who died at the Battle of Meretun in 871 (and venerated as Saint by the Catholic and Orthodox Churches). Except for this, the rest of Heahmund's characterization is completely fictional. Meanwhile, back in Kattegat, Guthrum is hit by new, severe case of SORAS and magically turns into a teenager. The episode also depicts the raid on York. Historically, the Viking attack against York occured on Novembre 1, 866, a date probably chosen because it coincided with All Saints Day. In the show this is moved to Ascension Day, so it must be spring time. For the sake of argument, we presume several months pass during the episode without being openly acknowledge, by placing it in early 867. In that year, Ascension Day fell on May 8; it's also quite near to March 21, 867, the actual date of death of King Ælla according to tradition (which was anticipated in the series).
26. ↑ *The Last Kingdom* begins in 866, shortly after the arrival of the Great Heathen Army. King Ælla and King Osberth of Northumbria are requeting Uthred's help to recapture the city of Eoferwic (York), so it's probably late 866, but it also includes elements of 867. The latter part of *Episode 1* is set 10 years later, in 876.
27. ↑ *The Plan* is quite rich in anachronisms. In real history, Euphemius was a Byzantine commander in Sicily, who rebelled against the Empire in AD 826 and asked the help of the Aghlabids from Tunisia, thus starting the Muslim conquest of the island. He did not try to overthrow the Emperor. The emperor is said to be Michael II: this is based on Michael II the Amorian, also called the Stammerer, who reigned from AD 820 to AD 829. At the time fo the Greath Heathen Army, the Byzantine Emperor was actually Michael III (842-867) and Sicily had been mostly conquered by the Muslim by then. The episode also states that Michael II has a "*Varagian Guard of Rus Vikings*" as his bodyguards. In real life, the first Varagians were recluted around the 870s, but the Guard itself was formed almost a century later, in the 990s. Bjorn is right to be confused by the term "*Byzantine*", as the term was coined by Western historians in the 16th century; also, in the 9th century the capital was known as Constantinople, not Byzantium. But the real tragedy is the use of the title "*Holy Roman Emperor*" in reference to Michael II. The correct form for that time would've been *Basileus* and/or *Autokrator*; in Western Europe, it was usually called "*Emperor of the Greeks*". "*Holy Roman Empire*" is only applied to the Empire in the West, traditionally starting with the incoronation of Charlemagne in AD 800: but the term itself was never used before the 13th century. Before that, it was simply known as "*Roman Empire*" (as in direct continuation of the Western Roman Empire), but also as "*Christian Empire*" and "*Empire of the Roman and the Franks*". While people are right when they say that *Vikings* is not a documentary and tha there's nothing wrong in taking so many artistic licenses, I always found wrong to manipolate facts in such a ignorant way, because exposition dialogues like those written by Michael Hirst for Senric are guilty of *explicitly* and *intentionally* feeding wrong information to the viewers. But then, this is History Channel, so you can never expect accuracy, nor even honesty. For an historian as myself, that's really sad and depressing
28. ↑ Although *Apocalypto* is not historically accurate in its depiction of Maya civilization, it can still work as a work of fiction based on certain core elements. It is obviously set during the Postclassic period (10th-16th century), during which a significant Maya presence remained in Yucatán, although much reduced after the abandonment of the major cities from the Classical period. Some cities and kingdoms however, like Mayapan or Itza, managed to endure in the 15th and 16th century. Nojpetén, capital of the Mayan kingdom of Itza, actually managed to remain indipendent well into the colonial period, felling to the Spanish only in 1697. Still in the 15th century, a period of political, social and environmental turbulence, including prolonged warfare, disease and natural disasters took place across the Yucatán Peninsula, which ended shortly before the Spanish arrival. This scenario is actually well depicted in *Apocalypto*. While several sources give 1502 as the film's period setting, the most logical choice is actually 1517: smallpox is depicted as already spreading across the population, so the movie must take place after the first arrival of Europeans on the American mainland. This means the events take place AFTER the 1502 Colombo's landing and the 1511 *Santa María de la Barca*'s wreck along the eastern coast of the peninsula. Given this premises, logic dictates that the final scene shows conquistador Francisco Hernández de Córdoba making landfall on the tip of the Yucatán peninsula in 1517.
29. ↑ The series begins in 1560, before jumping to the birth of Catherine de' Medici, in 1519. Her father, Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici, is depicted as dying shortly before her mother (Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne), while in real history it was the reverse: Madeleine de La Tour died on April 28, 1519, and Lorenzo de' Medici on May 4, same year. Catherine's voyage to France is described as taking place in 1536: it was actually in early 1533 and her marriage with Henry, Duke of Orléans, took place in Marseille on October 28, 1533. This is actually a curious case, because usually these historical television series avoid specifying the year of setting on screen. *The Serpent Queen* is bold and gives us the dates... and gets them wrong, lol! This is actually *very frustrating*. By 1536, not only Catherine was already married: his uncle, Pope Clement VII, had also already been dead for 2 years. Furthermore, dialogues and visuals seem to suggest that Pope Clement reigns directly from Florence: in true, as the Pope, his seat was in Rome and he even took Catherine there with him in 1530.
30. ↑ From this episode on, the reference years will only be those narrated in the flashbacks. This opens with the bloody death of Calrice de 'Medici, Catherine's aunt: this death occurred in 1528, five years before Catherine's marriage to Henry; the episode instead implies that it takes place shortly after the wedding and before the death of Pope Clement VII (which happened on September 25, 1534).
31. ↑ *The Price* shows Henry of Orléans returning from Italy with a new mistress, Filippa Duci, and a bastard daughter. The latter, Diane, Duchess of Angoulême, was born in 1538, two years after the death of the dauphin Francis, Henry's brother, on 10 August 1536. Sebastio's death is inspired by that of Count Sebastiano de Montecuccoli, an Italian nobleman serving the dauphine Francis as secretary and not Catherine as her dressmaker like depicted in the show. Montecuccoli was executed on October 7, 1536. Catherine de' Medici didn't remain pregnant until 1543, ten years after her marriage. In the series, therefore, this fact is much anticipated.
32. ↑ In her narrative, Catherine states that 15 years have passed and that she has had nine children. Indeed, she had ten children; the last two were twin sisters born and died in 1556, an event that inspired the birth scene in this episode. This would mean placing the beginning of the flashback in 1556. It must be said, however, that if the previous episode is intended to end in 1536, then it would be 1551; if it ends in 1543, then 1558. The duke who dies on the cross is Claude de Lorraine, Duke of Guise, who died of illness on April 12, 1550. The confiscation of the castle of Chenonceau took place in 1535, by King Francis I for unpaid debts to the Crown. King Francis I himself is still alive, when in historical reality he died in 1547. The Italian War of 1551-1559 seems to start at the end of the episode. In the end, this whole episode is a botched infusion of events that took place mainly between 1547 and 1556. It must be remembered that what we see is Catherine's recollection of these events and she's an unreliable narrator.
33. ↑ The episode lacks clear chronological clues. Henry II gave Château de Chenonceau (which Catherine de' Medici wanted for herself) to his mistress, Diane de Poitiers, around 1547, after the death of King Francis I. Catherine de' Medici was only able to take possession of the castle after the death of Henry II, in 1559. Of course, Diane de Poitiers never slaughtered angry Protestants, much less in front of the king and courtiers.
34. ↑ In this episode, Catherine de' Medici seems to narrate historical events set between 1556 and 1559, taking the usual "artistic liberties". Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, could not be present at the wedding of the Dauphin of France, having abdicated both the Spanish crown (January 16, 1556) and the imperial crown (August 27, 1556) in favor of his son Philip II (for the former) and of his brother Ferdinand I (for the second), to then retire to Spain, at the Monastery of Yuste in Extremadura, where he remained until his death (September 21, 1558). For the same reason he could not be present at the fatal tournament in which Henry II of France was mortally wounded (June 30, 1559). Moreover, the tournament in question was held to celebrate the signing of the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis and the marriage of his daughter Elisabeth of Valois with the new King Philip II of Spain, and not that of the Dauphin Francis (he married Mary Stuart on April 24, 1558). In the episode, Charles V is accompanied by his sister Eleanor, i.e. Eleanor of Austria, queen consort of France (1530-1547) and widow of King Francis I, who in real story died on February 25, 1558. Forthemore, Henry II of France was injured at the tournament wearing the colors of his mistress Diane de Poitiers and not those of Catherine de' Medici.
35. ↑ The ghost of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V continues to haunt the French court with his presence. More generally the historical inaccuracies in this episode are so many that I'm discouraged from listing them.
36. ↑ The episode is based on events that took place between 1560 and 1561. There are so many inaccuracies and omissions that it's not worth listing them all. In the final scene we even learn that the events shown took place in just one week! Among other things, it surprises me that the series has completely ignored the significant conspiracy of Amboise, which could offer many creative sources for drama and tension. The solution offered by the series is quite miserable, to be honest. At this point, moreover, the events are no longer told by Catherine de' Medici, completely eliminating the justification offered by an unreliable narrator.
37. ↑ Although filmed in Spain (Almería, near Tabernas), Italy (Puglia), and Morocco, the landscape seen in *That Dirty Black Bag* could suggest New Mexico or Oklahoma as the setting for the events narrated in the series (maybe the semi-arid high plains in the latter's northwestern corner). If this is the case, some other clues may suggest a historical placement after the Oklahoma Land Rush of 1889. J.W. Thompson's grave (1x03) indicates that he died in 1885, setting the *terminus post quem* of the series (which takes place within a period of 8 days). A car appears in Episode 1x04, described as a "*prototype from Germany*": the vehicle resemble a Benz Viktoria (a car first sold by karl Benz in 1892) or a Benz Velo (first introduced in 1894). The car's owner also says he's financing "*a kid in Detroit who's gotten it into his head to build them here as well*", obviously a reference to Henry Ford. It's impossible to be more precise than this: a tentative date of 1893 is temporarily used here until new information are available.
38. ↑ During Episode 2x01, Thomas Shelby receives a telegram dated 26 February, 1922. The other days are calculated using this clue as reference.
39. ↑ Episodes 2x03 and 2x04 are set roughly two months before the Epsom Derby (May 31, 1922).
40. ↑ Episode 2x05 starts on Passover Seder, 1922, which was on April 13.
41. ↑ Set during the Epsom Derby, 1922, which was on May 31.
42. ↑ Nucky Thompson's ceremony of acceptance of the Pontificial Equestrian Order of St. Gregory the Great is held in this episode on January 9, 1923. Dates of Episodes 3x02 and 3x04 can be calculated using this one as reference.
43. ↑ A flyer read by Margaret Thompson clearly set this episode during the month of March.
44. ↑ Jess Smith killed himself on May 30, 1923. The date is confirmed by a newspaper front page. Also, at the start of the episode people are celebrating the beginning of the summer season, which in the United States coincide traditionally with Memorial Day, that in 1923 was on May 30.
45. ↑ In Episode 3x03, Arthur Shelby says that his wife Linda is due to give birth around September. The same episode is set on late February, early March, 1924. Some time passes between the end of Episode 3x02 and the start of Episode 3x03. These indicators put the first two episodes of the third season of Peaky Blinders around January 1924 (approximately).
46. ↑ The death of Woodrow Wilson (which occurred on February 3, 1924) is mentioned at the beginning of the episode; newspapers gave the news of his death on February 4, 1924.
47. ↑ Robert and Cora's anniversary is said to be on "*the 16th*" and Ramsay MacDonald is implied to be recently in office. Ramsay MacDonald became Prime Minister - for the first time - on January 22, 1924. The episode cannot be set in January as their anniversary is "*the 16th*" and MacDonald was not in office until the 22nd of January, making February the earliest date that the episode - and in turn Robert and Cora's anniversary - can be set. As well as this, Jimmy says that he sent Lady Anstruther another Valentines card that year, making the episode after February 14. The fire of Edith's bedroom is set on the night after the anniversary, meaning that the following scenes are set in the morning of February 17. As well as this, Robert and Cora's anniversary party falls on Saturday the 16th. In 1924, the 16th only fell on a Saturday in the months of February and August. As King George V is heard in Episode 5x02 on the wireless on April 23, 1924, Episode 5x01 takes place between February 15 and February 17, 1924.
48. ↑ Episode 3x03 is set roughly six weeks before the start of the 1924 Daylight Saving Time in Britain, which happened on April 13, 1924.
49. ↑ This episode is clearly stated to be set on April 1, 1924, which was election day in Cicero.
50. ↑ Episode 4x06 is set almost immediately after Eddie Kessler suicide, which happened at the end of the Episode 4x05, on April 2, 1924. However, it's not clearly stated how many days have passed since that event, so Episode 4x06 can be roughly estimated to be set on early April.
51. ↑ Episode 3x04 begins on Good Friday, 1924, which was on April 18.
52. ↑ Episode 5x02 covers at least 3 days. King George V gave his first radio broadcast on April 23, 1924, at the opening of the British Empire Exhibition. There is no mention of Easter celebrations, which in 1924 occurred on April 20.
53. ↑ Episode 5x03 starts "almost a week" after the previous one, setting it in the early days of May 1924. Newspapers are giving the results of a football game between Liverpool and Sunderland, but the nearest one to this episode setting was the First Division match Liverpool-Sunderland (4-2) played on March 19, 1924, which cannot be because Episode 3x02 is clearly set in late April. The football reference is probably a mistake by the producers.
54. ↑ Episode 4x07 begins on May 21, 1924, as clearly indicated by a newspaper front page in the very first scene.
55. ↑ There is some inconsistency in the timeline between Episode 4x07 and Episode 4x08. The former starts on May 21 and cannot last less than 2 days, ending on the evening of May 23. In Episode 4x08, Dr. Narcisse play is scheduled for the evening of May 24, but at least 2 days pass before that event, if we consider the time that must have elapsed between Deacon Cuffy murder and his subsequent funeral depicted in this episode. For the sake of convenience, I decided to ignore these details in setting the date.
56. ↑ Dates are given presuming that Episode 4x09 starts the day after Episode 4x08. However, there are no ways to establish this clearly, and it could begins after some more days. Chulky has still visible signs of his struggle with Mr. Purnsley, so the episode is definitely set a very short time after the fight between the two, giving us time frame of late May/early June. Mobster Dan O'Banion dies in this episode: his real life counterpart was killed on November 10, 1924, an impossible date for this episode, set in the early tourist summer season.
57. ↑ In this episode, Edith Crawley mentions that a trial "is going on" in Munich against the leader of a group of "thugs" who tried to start a revolution the previous year. This creates an inconsistency with the setting of this episode, which is at the least May 1924. The trial of Adolf Hitler began on February 26, 1924, and ended on April 1, 1924. So, the trial was already over by the time of Episode 5x02.
58. ↑ According to the title card that appears on screen, Episode 3x05 is set "three months later" Episode 3x04, which ended on Easter (April 20, 1924), so it would be late July. This cannot be, because Episode 3x06 is clearly set on June 21, 1924. So the real time jump can only be a month and a half, setting this episode around early June.
59. ↑ Date approximated from logical and visual continuity with the previous episode. J. Edgar Hoover mentions a meeting held by political activist Marcus Garvey "a month ago": that can only be the speech given by Garvey at Carnegie Hall on April 10, 1924; Garvey also spoke in the same venue on August 1, 1924, at the opening of the "Fourth International Convention of the Negro Peoples of the World", but the timing of this event is far too late to be the one cited by Hoover. Also, Gaston Means gets arrested during this episode; in real life, Means went on trial for perjury on June 17, 1924 and was sentenced before the end of the month. The entire episode covers 3 days; the next one immediately follows it and covers and additional 1 day, maybe 2 if it ends in the early morning hours.
60. ↑ Episode 3x06 starts 24 hours before the 1924 summer solstice (June 21) and ends the day after.
61. ↑ Episode 4x12 doesn't seem to take place too long after Episode 4x11. It may be several weeks later, mainly because of Gillian Darmody's trial and July is an educated guess: the main plot covers 4 days. There are several historical events depicted or described in this episode that are misplaced in time: J. Edgar Hoover says that political activist Marcus Garvey's appeal is due within a month, which happened in early 1925; the attack on John Torrio took place in January 1925, but he managed to escape it unharmed.
62. ↑ Episode 5x05 is set after 22 September, 1924. Bernard Fitzalan-Howard, 3rd Baron Howard of Glossop, makes an appearance at Lord Grantham's cocktail party, and is already introduced as "*Lord Howard of Glossop*". His father, Francis Edward Fitzalan-Howard, from which he inherited the title, died on September 22, 1924, and Lady Grantham makes a passing reference to his death. The episode covers a period of 4 days and the dates of September 30-October 3 fit well with the narrative of the next episodes. It could also cover a period between Tuesday, September 23, and Friday, September 26, but it seems too close to the date of Bernard-Fitzalan-Howard's death.
63. ↑ Episode 5x06 covers a period of 3 days and it ends on Saturday. Episode 5x07 starts on the next day (Sunday) and the given dates fit perfectly with the known time frame of Episode 5x08.
64. ↑ Episode 5x07 covers a period 6 days (but only 3 are showed on screen). It starts on a Sunday, the day after the end of Episode 5x06, then it covers Monday before jumping directly to a dinner with Lord Merton and his sons which is held on Friday within the same week; given the known time setting of Episode 5x08, the dates given to this one sound quite reasonable.
65. ↑ Early in Episode 5x08, Mrs. Hughes tells Inspector Vyner that the family will be in London all the next week. The episode covers a period of 7 days at least and it ends on the 25th of October. October 19 was a Sunday, and it fits perfectly with Mrs. Hughes' words, because the week in England, just like the rest of Europe, starts on Monday, not Sunday.
66. ↑ The 2014 Downton Abbey Christmas Special, or Episode 5x09, is set at least a month after the wedding between Atticus Aldridge and Rose MacClare, who have just returned from their honeymoon in Venice, Italy (assuming a traditional honeymoon lasting nearly a month), placing the start of the episode in late November at least. The first part of the special, with the Crawley family guests at Brancaster Castle, covers a period of 5 days and it could be place between December 3 and December 7, and certainly before December 10, which is the end of the grouse season in Britain, as stipulated by the Game Act 1831. The special ends on Christmas Eve, 1924.
67. ↑ Episode 6x01 features a fox hunt, which generally ends on March or April; the outer clothing used by the characters is also indicative of an early spring setting, as the general weather. The guess of this list's author is that the episode take place in April, and that's it. Muhawahahah.
68. ↑ Early in Episode 6x03, Mr. Spratt is seeing collecting a stamp of the British Empire Exhibition, which was issued on May 9, 1925 and he does says that "it has just been issued"; the next day, Lady Edith states that the wedding of Mr. Carson and Mrs. Hughes will take place on Saturday; the entire episode covers a period of 4 days, so we can assume that it takes place between Wednesday, May 13, and Saturday, May 16, 1925.
69. ↑ The dialogue between Tom Branson and the Crawleys at the beginning of Episode 6x04 seems to suggest that it's the morning after his return from Boston; the newlyweds have just arrived at Scarborough for they honeymoon, which is just an hour far from York by car; they then return to Downton on Friday, which giving May 22, 1925 as the possible date.
70. ↑ The television film starts one day before the arrest of Sandro Pertini, which happened on May 22, 1925, and it ends after October 17, 1930, a short time after the death of Rocco Pugliese, an antifascist militant incarcerated with Pertini.
71. ↑ Episode 6x05 covers a period of 4 days: the dinner with Neville Chamberlain take place on the last one, a Friday, which can only be May 29 given the established setting of episodes 6x04 and 6x06.
72. ↑ Episode 6x06 ends on the day of the public opening of Downton Abbey, clearly stated to be on Saturday, June 6; the entire episode covers 4 days, so it starts on June 3. Lord Grantham has been recovering for "some weeks", but that statement seems to be an oversight by the producers because less than a week has passed according to the calculated timeline and the transition of time showed since Episode 6x04.
73. ↑ Episode 6x07 covers a period of 4 days. Both the school exams of Daisy and Mr. Molesley, and the car racing at Brooklands Race Track occurs on July 20, and the story ends the following day. At the start of the episode, Lord Grantham says that the race is scheduled for the "next week", but that make sense because July 18, 1925 was a Saturday.
74. ↑ Episode 6x08 has a complicate time setting. The Dowager Countess has already reached the Mediterranean after leaving at the end of Episode 6x07, suggesting that some days have passed since then. Mr. Molesley goes to his very first lesson as a teacher to the local Elementary School, so it cannot be August because during that month schools were closed for the summer vacations, just like today; it also cannot be September, because Amelia is still called "Miss Cruikshank" and her wedding is on August 29. The Dowager Countess has also the time to receive a letter from Tom Branson and make the journey back to England and to Downton. Also, Mary's wedding fall on a Saturday. Other than these clues, the episode only shows us the actual events of 5 days (probably non-consecutive) that occurs between July 22 and August 29, 1925, but it's impossible to be more precise than this.
75. ↑ The first part of the finale episode of Downton Abbey covers a period of 8 days, some of them non-consecutive. Before the time jump to December 29, 1925, Mrs. Patmore says to Daisy that they have 3 months to prepare for the wedding of Lady Edith, so it's probably September. The episode ends after the midnight on New Year's Day, January 1, 1926.
76. ↑ Episode starts in late 1924, but then jumps one year forward. The main action covers 3 days, from December 23 to the morning of Christmas Day.
77. ↑ The dialogues suggest that the new year has just begun; also, Michael is still bedridden, placing this episode in January.
78. ↑ Episode 4x04 ends on Friday, February 5, 1926, after covering 4 days.
79. ↑ The boxing match between Bonnie Gold and Goliath is held on February 12, as written on the flyers.
80. ↑ Episode 4x06 starts where the previous one has ended, on February 12, 1926. The ending is more problematic. Thomas Shelby is elected Member of Parliament for Birmingham, but after the one of 1924 the next UK general election was held on May 10, 1929 and in the final scene the child of Thomas and Lizzie is around 6 months old. The only possible explanation is that Thomas Shelby gets elected in a by-election, probably arranged by the government and held around March 1927 if we consider the oldest possible age of the child.
81. ↑ The *Downton Abbey* film is set in 1927, as confirmed by several official statements. The Prince of Wales tour of the African colonies is scheduled for "next March", which would be 1928, around the time Lady Edith is expecting to give birth. Given the fact that she "suspects" to be pregnant (so she's not totally sure still), the film must be set around September 1927. In real history, there was no tour of the African colonies by the British Royals during 1928, but this seems to be a narrative licence by Julian Fellowes.
82. ↑ The movie seems to imply that William Moulton Marston and his wife Elizabeth met Olivia Byrne at the opening of the 1928 academic year, but in truth they met earlier, in 1925.
83. ↑ *Babylon Berlin* states that Episode 1x01 is set on April 29, 1929. However, the passage of time between the premiere and Episode 1x04 (set on May 1) is totally screwed up, with a mysterious, additional "ghost day" that cannot possibly exist. The only logical explanation is that Episode 1x01 doesn't cover April 29, but April 28. This is further confirmed by several documents appearing in the hands of some of the characters during the first 2 episodes.
84. ↑ Gereon says at the beginning of the episode that it's a Sunday; however, Sunday was on June 2, 1929, the day of the failed (and fictional) *coup d'état* organized by the Black Reichswehr (Operation Prangertag), and that day is already passed; actually, the final part of Episode 2x06 was on June 3, placing the start of Episode 2x07 on Tuesday, June 4, 1929.
85. ↑ Worth of mention: the trench flashback scenes between Gereon and his brother Anno are said to be set, according to the Netflix English subtitles, on November 14, 1918. That's quite wrong, since the First World War ended on the Western front on November 11, 1918. This is actually a wrong translation: Dr. Schmidt/Anno voice-over in German actually says November 4, 1918, which is a correct date.

This is not the first time (nor the last), that the Netflix English subtitles for Babylon Berlin are revealed to contain mistakes and gross errors.
86. ↑ Another example of bad translation in the Netflix English subtitles: the court scene with Greta are clearly said to be set on September 26, and yet the subtitles manage to get wrong this too by displaying "September 16" -\_-'
87. ↑ Hans Litten states that Greta's execution is scheduled within 4 days, on October 6, placing the first day covered by Episode 3x10 on October 2.
88. ↑ In this episode, General Seegers' daughter, Marie-Luise, gives photographic evidence of secret Reichswehr plans to Mrs. Behnke. In Episode 3x09, they agreed to meet in "two, three days", on "Friday", placing this second encounter on October 4, 1929.
89. ↑ Episode 3x12 opens on October 3, 1929, depicting the death of Gustave Stresemann, Minister of the Foreign Affairs. After the title sequence the episode continues from the previous one on the night of October 4, before jumping to the next morning, October 5, a day before the scheduled execution of Greta.
90. ↑ Episode 5x01 opens on October 29, 1929, also known as Black Tuesday.
91. ↑ Episode 5x02 starts 2 days after the murder of Mr. Levitt. How Michael made it across the Atlantic in two days remains a mystery of narrative license.
92. ↑ The date of "*11th November*" is written on the documents that Oswald Mosley leaves on Thomas Shelby's desk.
93. ↑ Episode 5x05 starts on the same night of the private ballet at Thomas Shelby's mansion, on November 16, most probably before midnight, and ends around Wednesday, November 20, the day Barney is extracted from the asylum.
94. ↑ Episode 5x06 starts 4 days after the death of Colonel Ben Younger, which happened on November 17. The fictional rally by Oswald Mosley at Bingley Hall, according to the flyers, is held on December 6 and the episode ends on the next morning, December 7, 1929.
95. ↑ The story of *Road to Perdition* is said to take place ove the course of 7 weeks in the "*winter of 1931*", making January the earliest possible date. There are however several outdoor scenes in the film, particularly after the first hour of running time, that appear to having been shoot during spring or early summer because of the fully leafed trees and the visibile green grass. Since the entire film covers a period of ca. 7 weeks (as stated above), I decided to put it between February and March, 1931.

**Note:** nowhere during 1931 it would have been possible for Michael Sullivan to meet Frank Nitti in Chicago. The famous gangster was already in jail by that time, having been arrested on October 30, charged with income tax evasion and sentenced on December 21 of the same year to 18 months of prison at the United States Penitentiary of Leavenworth.
96. ↑ Episode 5x01's "*present timeline*" starts on April 6, 1931. The next morning, Tuesday, April 7, Nucky Thompson is reading a newspaper reporting that boxer Gilber Castillo has defeated Garner Johns, a match played the day before. Joe Masseria was killed on April 15. The episode, in truth, seems to cover just 3 days (from April 6 to April 8), but it may have skipped some time between scenes. It also includes flashback scenes from 1884 depicting Nucky's youth.
97. ↑ Episode 5x02 begins 2 days after the attempt on the life of Nucky Thompson.
98. ↑ Episode 5x07 is set after May 4 (date showed on a newspaper during the montage opener) but before June 5, when Al Capone was indicted by a federal grand jury for income tax evasion. The episode includes the death of Salvatore Maranzano, but in real history he was killed on September 10, 1931.
99. ↑ Episode 5x08 is set between Al Capone's indictment for income tax evasion (June 5, 1931) and the beginning of his trial (October 6, 1931). From a narrative point, the action seems to be compressed between October 4/5 and October 6, but I decided to include the all period by considering the known historical events. As in the previous episodes, there are also flashback scenes set in 1897.
100. ↑ The night after his return to England, Tommy Shelby says he has been sober for 4 years, 1 month and 6 days. Assuming this is counted from the morning of December 7, 1929 (when he tried to kill himself as shown in episodes 5x06/6x01), we get the date of January 13, 1934. It's uncertain when Tommy exactly departed from Miquelon Island but, assuming a travel by boat port to port between Canada and the UK, we can estimate it took him between 10 to 30 days to get back, depending on the port of arrival, so it may work to have him returning home around January 12, 1934. This episode seems to end a day before January 29 (if we use Ada's notebook as reference). However this is an uncertain estimate, so take it with a grain of salt.
101. ↑ The episode ends 10 days after Tommy Shelby underwent the X-Ray checkup at the sanatorium (which happened on January 28, according to my count); also, Adolf Hitler is already Chancellor of Germany (he was appointed on January 30, 1934). The dates are in line with the previous ones, however, I may have missed something so, as before, take it with a grain of salt.
102. ↑ During one of the early scenes set in Paris, a calendar is visible on a wall with the date "*6 février 1934*" (February 6, 1934).
103. ↑ Given the previous chronology, the series final of Peaky Blinds seems to take place between Late February/Early March to Early April 1934. At least one month passes according to the title screen appearing towards the end. This however cannot be reconciled with the given news concerning the marriage between Diana Mitford and Oswald Mosley. In real history, the actual wedding took place in Berlin, at the presence of Adolf Hitler and other top-Nazis, on October 6, 1936; it was also a secret ceremony according ot sources, so I doubt it would have been reported by the newspapers of the time.
104. ↑ At the beginning of "*The Gathering Storm*", Randolph Churchill is reading the *Daily Mail*. There are three big news on the front page: "*Conservative Council supports India Bill*", "*Miner's day of mourning*" and "*Two RAF Officers killed in Kent air crash*". The 2nd one could be a reference to the Gresford disaster of September 22, 1934. It surely starts after August 2, 1934, when Adolf Hitler became head of state in Germany following the death of Paul von Hindenburg.
105. ↑ According to the novel upon which the film is based, the last scene featuring an interview with an elderly Briony Tallis is set in 1999.
106. ↑ The film seems to be set shortly before the final Italian victory against the Ethiopians forces during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, which was achieved in the Battle of Maychew on March 31, 1936. It ends after the fall of Addis Adeba, on May 1936.
107. ↑ *Una giornata particolare* takes place during the week-long state visit of Adolf Hitler to Italy in 1938, on the day of its arrival in Rome, which was on May 4.
108. ↑ *Darkest Hour* seems to imply that Winston Churchill's "*We shall fight on the beaches*" speech was delivered on May 28, 1940. In truth, the speech was given bu Churchill in the House of Commons on June 4, after the success of Operation Dynamo.
109. ↑ *Their Finest* seems to cover a period of roughly 3 months during the Blitz. It ends on September 27, but the calendar visible on Catrin Cole's desk incorrectly says that it's a Thursday. Only September 27, 1945, fell on a Thursday during the 1940s, making the mistake even more obvious. Taking the assumed passage of time visible on-screen as reference, I decided to put the end of *Their Finest* on September 27, 1940.
110. ↑ *Pearl Harbor* first scenes are actually set in 1923, but the main plot starts on January 1941 and the film ends sometime after the Doolittle Raid.
111. ↑ The film actually begins on December 4, 1937, before jumping forward to December 7, 1941, the day of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
112. ↑ *Guadalcanal/Leckie* ends on September 18, 1942, with the arrival of the 7h Marine Regiment led by Lt. Col. Chesty Puller, two weeks after Pfc. Sidney "Sid" Phillips' birthday (which was on September 2).
113. ↑ *Hacksaw Ridge* starts with brief shots at the Battle of Okinawa (May 1945), then jumps back "*sixteen years before*", which according to math is 1929; after this, the next scenes are set another "*fifteen years later*", and that would be 1944. However, the real Desmond Doss enlisted on April 1, 1942 and during 1944 he was servicing with his platoon in Guam and the Philippines. It's not clear if the film deliberately changed some of Doss's biographical facts or if the inaccuracy is due to incorrect on-screen text. For this reason, I choose to apply the dates given by the real Desmond Doss biography.
114. ↑ Terrence Malick's *The Thin Red Line* seems to combine elements of two different engagements between the American and the Japanese in the latter part of the Guadalcanal Campaign: the Assault on Hill 53 (January 10-13) and the Assault of Gifu (January 10-15), both part of the Battle of Mount Austen (December 15, 1942-January 23, 1943). While more accurate dates may be given, for now the best assumption is that the film takes place between the second half of December and the early days of February.
115. ↑ *Patton* begins in the aftermath of the Battle of Kasserine Pass (February 24, 1943) and it ends on the day Patton was relieved of his military governorship in occupied Germany (September 28, 1945).
116. ↑ It's not totally clear if the opening scenes of *The Pacific* fifth episode, detailing the bond tour of John Basilone, are set in 1943 or 1944. So I decided to put the date of Eugene Sledge arrival in the Russell Islands (Pavuvu/Mbanika), which was on June 3, 1944. The episode ends in the late evening on the first day of the Battle of Peleliu, on September 15, 1944.
117. ↑ Part 8 of *The Pacific*, while also displaying the landing of Iwo Jima, also catch-up with the activities of Sgt. Basilone from around December 1943 onward, including his marriage on July 10, 1944. For practical purposes, I decided to insert the episode in the time frame relative to the Battle of Iwo Jima.
118. ↑ The final part of Episode 9 of *Band of Brothers*, as the beginning, is incorrectly stated to be set on April 11, 1945; the episode however cover a much longer period, from March 8 (the day after the capture of the Ludendorff Bridge at Remagen) to the death of Adolf Hitler, the news of which started circulating on May 1. Other events mentioned during the episode are Cpt. Nixon's actions during Operation Varsity (March 24), the death of President Franklin D. Roosevelt (April 12), the massive German surrender at the Ruhr Pocket (April 18) and the liberation of the Kaufering IV subcamp of Dachau on April 27 (in real history, it was actually discovered by the 134th Ordnance Maintenance Battalion of the 12th Armored Division; the 101st Airborne Division arrived the next day).
119. ↑ *Fury* takes place not far from the German city of Hanover, in Lower Saxony. The Allied advance into Germany (in the latter part of the Second World War) reached Hanover in April and the city itself was captured by the US 84th Infantry Division on April 10, 1945.
120. ↑ *Der Untergang* has a brief portion of scenes set in November 1942, but the main plot covers a period between April 20 and May 2, 1945.
121. ↑ *Nuremberg* incorrectly shows Herman Göring surrendering with his family at an US Air Corps Base on May 12, 1945; in real history, he was found and arrested on a road near Radstadt by a detachment of the 7th US Army - who was specifically looking for him - on May 6.
122. ↑ The episode given date at the start is August 15, 1945; however, the public announcement of Japan surrender in the United States was made in the afternoon of August 14.

*The Pacific* ends around late May, 1946: the railroad strike of May 22-25, 1946 (part of the nationwide US strike wave of 1945-1946), is mentioned in dialogue during Robert Leckie's last scene.
123. ↑ Although the main plot covers a time period between 1946 and 1962, *Lucky Luciano* includes numerous flashbacks from 1931 to 1944.
124. ↑ The first letter sent to Juliet Ashton by Dawsey Adams is dated "*March 10, 1946*", while the postage stamp visible on envelope is dated "*19 April*" (and incorrectly shows the year as "*1943*"); the second letter postage stamp is "*15 April 1946*" [sic], while another letter (received with the latter) has a stamp dated "*24 Jun 1946*"; since the film is definitely set in 1946, and by ignoring the obvious stamps inconsistency, the approximate starting date must be around April 1946.
125. ↑ Dialogue during *In nome della legge* establishes the story as beginning around late August, 1948 (the body of Giovanni Vetriolo is discovered on September 10, 1948 several days after the judge arrival). There are however some inconsistencies: one of the first scenes shows a Sicilian newspaper (*Il Giornale di Sicilia*) with the headline "*Favorevoli a Dewey i primi risultati elettorali*" ("*First electoral polls favoring Dewey*"), suggesting a later setting, starting at least in late October, being the headline a reference to the 1948 US Presidential Elections, held on November 2, 1948 (best known for the notorious *Chicago Daily Tribune* incorrect banner "*Dewey Defeats Truman*"), I decided to give precedence to the spoken dialogue. September-July is also the time frame given in the source novel (*Piccola Pretura* by Giuseppe Guido lo Schiavo).
126. ↑ *The Crown:* Elizabeth and Philip arrived in Kenya for their Tour of the Commonwealth Nations on February 2, 1952; they left after the sudden King George V's death and returned to London in the afternoon of February 8.
127. ↑ *The Crown*: the Duke of Windsor arrived in Southampton on February 13, 1952, to attend his brother's funeral. The Royal Proclamation by Queen Elizabeth concerning the name of the Royal Family was issued on April 9 of the same year.
128. ↑ *The Crown*: Prince Philip began taking his flying lessons on November 12, 1952 at White Waltham; in real history, his instructor was RAF Flight-Lieutenant Caryl Ramsay Gordon.
129. ↑ Episode 1x05 of *The Crown* begins some days before the arrival of the Duke of Windsor in Southampton, which was on March 11, 1953, visiting London because of his mother (Queen Mary) illness. It ends on the day of the coronation of Queen Eizabeth II.
130. ↑ Episode 1x06 of *The Crown* starts during the Coronation Derby at Epsom, which was on June 6, 1953, and ends on the day of Princess Margaret return from Southern Rhodesia, on July 17.
131. ↑ Episode 1x07 of *The Crown* follows a convoluted timeline: Winston Churchill suffered a serious stroke on the evening of June 23, 1953; after this happens in the episode, the meeting between Churchill and Eisenhower is postponed and on-screen dialogue clearly establishes early July as a possible time for inviting the US President to come in London. However, at the same time, the episode makes several references to the "Joe 4" thermonuclear test done by the Soviet Unit: the weapon was detonated on August 12, 1953. I decided to display a time period covering both these historical events, which overlapped with those of Episode 1x06.
132. ↑ Episode 1x08 of The Crown begins with the unveiling of the memorial statue of King George VI, an event that took place on October 1955 (so the timeline is a little screwed up here). The episode cover the period before and after the Commonwealth Tour of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, which took place between November 24, 1953 and May 11, 1954.
133. ↑ Episode 2x01 of *The Crown* defies again known history by adopting a convoluted timeline, for unknown reasons. The usual excuses ("it's for dramatic effect", "this isn't a documentary", etc.) for this kind of productions are, also as usual, quite silly. Anyway, the episode depicts events starting with the Canal Suez Company seizure by Nasser's Egypt (July 26, 1956), including Prince Philip departure for his tour (October 15) and the British incursion into Port Said during the last days of the Suez Crisis (October 29-November 7, 1956). The episode, proving the writers' laziness, tries to show all these events as occurring in a shorter time span (October-November). I'm going to ignore the on-screen text "*five months earlier*", placing this episode in a time frame more faithful to real history.
134. ↑ Anthony Eden returned from Jamaica on December 14, 1956.
135. ↑ Another embarrassing timeline-pastiche by *The Crown*: Princess Margaret met Antony Armstrong-Jones at a dinner party in May 1958, a year after the setting of this episode.
136. ↑ The timeline-pastiche by *The Crown*'s writers continues: Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip visited Coventry and the Jaguar Factory in March 1956, a year before the setting of this episode; the "slapping incident" involving Lord Altrincham took place on August 6, 1957.
137. ↑ In real history, Evangelist Billy Graham sermons at the Harringay Arena were held over the course of several months starting on March 1, 1954. His first meeting with Queen Elizabeth II occurred a year later, in May 1955. In 1958 (the year this episode is set) he was "crusading" in the Caribbeans and in the USA. Also, the so-called "Marburg Files" concerning Operation Willi were released in 1954, 1957 and 1996: the episode takes great liberties in the treatment of this case.
138. ↑ The episode contains flash-forward scenes set on May 5, 1961, when Alan Shepard became the first American in space aboard the *Freedom 7* (Mercury-Redstone 3) capsule.
139. ↑ The episode incorrectly depicts the launch failure of the Mercury-Atlas 1 capsule as happening on September 1959, while in real history it was launched on July 29, 1960. The one launched on September 9, 1959 was instead the Big Joe 1 capsule and it was a partial success. The *Life Magazine* issue covering the astronauts' wives was released on September 21, 1959.
140. ↑ The episode's teaser shows the Soviet space probe Luna 3 taking the first picture of the far side of the Moon, an event that took place on October 7, 1959.
141. ↑ At least a week has passed between the capture of Nazi criminal Adolf Eichmann in Argentina by the Mossad (May 11, 1960) and the setting of this episode. The news of his capture came out on May 22.
142. ↑ The selection of Alan Shepard as the first American astronaut to be launched into space was made on January 19, 1961. In the episode, newspapers incorrectly show the date of "*July 17, 1960*", however several character's dialogue implies that 1960 has just ended.
143. ↑ In real history, the meeting in Accra, Ghana, between Brezhnev and Nkrumah was held in February 1961. The Kennedys arrived in London on June 4, 1961.
144. ↑ Events are mixed-up chronologically during this episode. Ham, the first Primate in space, was launched on January 31, 1961. Before this, in the episode, a document is received by NASA with the date of "*February 14, 1961*". Even before this, we see the cover of *Life Magazine* concerning "*Astronaut First Team*", which was released on March 3, 1961.
145. ↑ Deke Slayton actual medical disqualification to take part to the Mercury flights came on March 15, 1962, two months before the launch of his mission, the Delta 7; he was replaced on that mission by Scott Carpenter. Only then he took the position of Coordinator of Astronaut Activities on September 1, 1962. The position name was changed to "Chief of the Astronaut Office" in November 1963 and given to Alan Shepard.
146. ↑ The teaser of this episode is set in April 1962. Prince Edward, youngest child of Queen Elizabeth II, was baptized on May 2, 1964.
147. ↑ The film pre-titles scenes are set on June 24, 1954, depicting a fictionalized version of the Battle of the Mang Yang Pass during the First Indochina War.
148. ↑ The initial flashback is set in 1966, but the exact timing isn't specified. Jeffrey's brother, David, who is depicted as a baby, was born in December of that same year; the climate however suggests a late summer-early autumn season. Since the Dahmer are known to have moved to Doylestown, Ohio, in October 1966, I decided to go on with this date. The episode ends on May 27, 1991, with the killing of Konerak Sinthasomphone.
149. ↑ In real history, the television interview of Prince Philip on NBC's *Meet the Press* occurred on November 9, 1969. Also, the BBC's documentary *Royal Family* was repeated several times after its first broadcast (which was on June 21, 1969) until August 2, 1977; only after that year it was finally made unavailable.
150. ↑ The episode incorrectly places the Queen Alexandra Stakes racehorse in early November; in reality, the race is held at Ascot each June. Also, the alleged plot against Harold Wilson involving Lord Mountbatten and Cecil King took place between May 8 and May 30, 1968.
151. ↑ The opening-credit scenes are set on July 20, 1969.
152. ↑ The first scenes after the opening credits are set in April 1969, before jumping to May 1970.
153. ↑ The teaser depiction of a "bikini show" at a political fundraiser is fictional and never really happened. After the opening credits, we see Phyllis Schlafly as a host of Phil Crane's *Conservative Viewpoint* TV program, which took place on May 25, 1971.
154. ↑ The episode also contains scenes set between May-August 1902 (filming of Georges Méliès' *Le Voyage dans la Lune*) and several years after the Apollo 17 mission.
155. ↑ While the film is entirely fictional and no specific date is given beside the year, the events could be restricted to the second half of 1971, after the introduction of internment (Operation Demetrius) in August, the escalation of the Troubles and the beginning of a series of pub bombings in Belfast between September and December. A hypothetical setting in November (after the Red Lion Pub bombing) may fit the social situation depicted in the film.
156. ↑ The debate between Phyllis Schlafly and Betty Friedan at the Illinois State University was held on May 1, 1973; the episode seems to end the day after.
157. ↑ The film opens with a montage summarizing the main moments of the Watergate scandal (from June 1972 to August 1974).
158. ↑ The series, as well as the book from which it is taken, are inspired by the events of the Banda della Magliana, a mafia-like organization founded and operating in Rome between the end of the 70s and the early 90s. However, in the book as well as in the series, the names of the characters have been changed from the real ones; the dating of certain events has also been altered. It is therefore difficult to offer a safe dating for the single episodes of this series; what is proposed in this list is therefore an approximation.
The first episode begins with scenes set "today" (ca. 2008) before a flashback to thirty years earlier. An overlay specifies that the year is 1977. From a television in the Libanese's house, a chronicler can be heard saying that three days have passed since the killing of Fulvio Croce by the Red Brigades, which took place on April 28, 1977, thus placing the first scenes after the opening credits on May 1st of that same year.
However, the following day, Giorgiana Masi is killed, a real case that took place on May 12, 1977.
In dating the episode, preference was given to the second real historical event (involving one of the fictional characters of the series, Police Commissioner Scialoja), placing the beginning of the story on 11 May 1977.
It should also be noted that the kidnapping of baron Rossellini (in real history it was the duke Massimiliano Grazioli Lente della Rovere) took place on the night of November 7, 1977, six months after the killing of Giorgana Masi; in the series, these two events seem to take place in close temporal proximity to each other; the payment of the ransom, in real history, took place in February 1978, three months after the kidnapping (in the series, on the other hand, only a few days or weeks seem to pass). The May setting is further confirmed by Episode 1x06, in which dialogue confirms the kidnapping as happening on May 19, 1977. It's still possible that a longer time passes between the kidnapping and the ransom payment, time that isn't showed on-screen.
The Radical Party dossier on the killing of Giorgiana Masi, quoted at the end of the episode, was actually released in April 1979.
To give continuity with what is shown in the immediately following episodes, it was decided to put the end of the episode on October 1977.
159. ↑ *Doin' a Dahmer* contains a brief flashback to what is probably December 1959. The main action begins around September 1977, a short time before the divorce of Dahmer's parents. It ends with the destruction and scattering of the remains of Dahmer's first victim, probably on late July of 1978.
160. ↑ During the teaser, a voice can be heard on the radio referring to the murder of Walter Rossi, which took place on 30 September 1977, as well as the death of a boy in a fire in Turin, which took place on 1 October during a procession organized by Lotta Continua . The radio dialogue claims that a day has passed since the boy's death in the fire, placing the first scene on October 2, 1977.
161. ↑ It is not specified, nor is it easy to deduce, how much time passed between the end of the second and the beginning of the third episode. However, it ends on the day of the formation of the IV Andreotti Cabinet, which took place on March 13, 1978.
162. ↑ The episode covers three days and it ends on the morning of the kidnapping of Aldo Moro.
163. ↑ *The Good Boy Box* begins in May 1978 (Dahmer's graduation from high school) and ends in late November 1987, a week after the murder of Steven Tuomi.
164. ↑ While the episode states to be set in 1979, it does open with some scenes actually set in late 1978: Phyllis Schlafly earning a Juris Doctor degree in Law (dated to 1978 by several sources, but without any specification of the month) and the National Advisory Committee for Women cancelling its meating with President Carter (miffed that it would allow only 15 minutes), which happened on November 22, 1978. In real history, Bella Abzug was fired by Carter in January 12, 1979, before the gala celebrating Phyllis Schlafly (held in Washington, D.C. on March 22, 1979). The episode implies instead that the firing of Bella Abzug happened after this event.
165. ↑ The disappearance of Mark Thatcher during the 1982 Paris-Dakar Rally is shown as being simultaneous with the onset of the crisis in the Falkland Islands. In real history, Mark Thatcher's disappearance was resolved within six days, between 9 and 14 January 1982. The raising of the Argentine flag by a group of Argentinians scrap metal traders on South Georgia Island occurred on March 19, 1982, over two months after the end of the Thatcher brat affair.
166. ↑ *Blood On Their Hands* begins in 1987, according to the on-screen caption; however, in the first scene, Dahmer is just beginning his newfound job - working in the night shift - at the Milwaukee Ambrosia Chocolate Factory, which actually happened in January 1985. The failed attempt to dig up the coffin at the cimitery is also erronously placed in early March, 1987; this event took place between June and August of 1986. The episode ends on May 24, 1991, shortly before the murder of Tony Hughes. Few scenes are set in July 1991.
167. ↑ *Silence* is told from the perspective of one of Dahmer's victims, Anthony "Tony" Hughes, starting with his birth in 1959; he was killed by Dahmer on May 24, 1991. The episode is placed here only for practical purpose.