Jurcheny

Flag of Jurcheny

**Jurcheny** (Jurchen: 女真國; *Manjugurun*), officially the **Federal Republic of Jurcheny**, is a country in the eastern region of Central Zhonglu. It is the second-most populous country in Zhonglu after Buryad, and the most populous member state of the Central Union. Jurcheny is situated in the Central China Plain, and mainly consists of arable flatlands. Its 14 constituent states are bordered by Shandong to the east, Ordos to the west, Khitan, Wajiguo and Wuyue to the south, and Hebei to the north. The nation's capital and most populous city is Jining and its main financial centre is Shimen.

Various Sinitic tribes have inhabited the Central China Plain since classical antiquity. The first Chinese dynasty was the Xia, which emerged there around 2100 BCE. By the time of the Warring States period of the 5th–3rd centuries BCE, there were seven major powerful states in the region. The state of Qin conquered the other six kingdoms, reunited China and established the dominant order of autocracy. The Han dynasty emerged to rule China between 206 BCE and CE 220. After the end of the Han dynasty, a period of strife known as Three Kingdoms followed. At its end, Wei was swiftly overthrown by the Jin dynasty. The Jin soon fell to civil war and the Five Barbarians then invaded and ruled northern China as the Sixteen States. Successive dynastic changes take place between barbaric leaders of Tuoban, Khitanese, Wei, Qi, and Zhou descent, alongside the Sinitic Sui Dynasty in the south, which repeatedly attempts to retake the plain for the Han over the next 600 years. All the while, southern Tungusic tribes migrated into the plain to escape the persecution of the growing Liao Dynasty, which had begun to rule Tungusic lands in the north with an iron fist. Without any concept of unity, these tribes took on the Sinitic term of *Jurchen* to refer to themselves as a collective.

With the fall of the Qi and Zhou dynasties in 822 to a multiethnic Buddhist rebellion, the Heavenly Chinese Empire emerged and sought national unity through the enlightenment of the Buddhist religion. The empire waged many wars with the Khitanese Liao Dynasty, which continued to encroach on the borders of its neighbours. In 1120, the remaining Jianzhou Jurchen tribes united under the Mohe, formed the Jurchen Jin Dynasty, and annihilated the Liao Dynasty by the end of 1127, forcing the Yelu clan to retreat far west and most Khitanese commoners to migrate south. The Jurchens under the Jin Dynasty formally established their rule over the Central China Plain with war against the other tribes of Heavenly China and by 1150, the empire was a wholly Jurchen-dominated state under the Jin. While the Jurchens had long coveted the Central China Plain and leadership in the HCE, they lost their northern territories during the Jurchen-Mongol Wars of the early 1200s and the Mongols took control of Ordish, Khitanese, and Tuoban lands. Facing an invasion from the Magyar Empire in 1263, Heavenly China hosted the other states of Zhonglu and signed a truce, resulting in the formation of a united front under HCE leadership, which halted the Magyar invasion of Zhonglu. Continued Jurchen leadership into the middle ages enabled the standardization of Chinese characters and near-universal adoption of Buddhism in Zhonglu, sprouting the first concepts of a shared Zhonghua identity among different linguistic groups. Exploding Buddhist rhetoric led both private and state-sanctioned Jurchen armies to wage war against non-Buddhist powers on the peripheries of Zhonglu. Most notably, the Jurchen-dominated and Buddhist Ergian Empire (with heavy support from the HCE and other Buddhist states) waged many costly wars against the Hindu Nguyen Dynasty throughout the 1500s and 1600s, leaving the territories of southwestern Zhonglu unstable for hundreds of years. With the onset of the age of discovery after Nippish and Min navigators uncovered the new world, the Heavenly Chinese Empire funded its vassal states of Minguo and Wuyue to colonize the land and convert the natives to Buddhism.

In 1812, Heavenly China came to an end at the hands of Republican Chosun during its attempted conquest of Zhonglu. After the defeat of Chosun, the Jurchen lands were divided into city states and fell under the control of authoritarian warlords. The Jurchen city states, allied with Nanyue, defeated the Ergian Empire in 1861 to secure the formation of the Jurchen Federation. Opposed by the resurgent Chosun, the Jurchen Federation allied with Hebei and occupied parts of Chosun. Chosun sued for peace, recognizing and the unification of Jurcheny and securing the formation of the Jurchen Empire in 1871. In World War I, Jurcheny was an aggressive force and conquered neutral Hebei and Bohai to open a front against Chosun, successfully occupying Pyongyang before being halted by Allied trench warfare. In the west, Jurchen forces battled the Mongols. However, an equalist rebellion in the Mongol Empire overthrew the emperor and installed a republican and pacifist government, which led to civil war. The provisional government of the Mongol state signed an armistice with the Jurchens, who quickly moved in to seize Ordish, Khalkhan, and Chakhan territories in the west from the defeated Mongols, effectively knocking them out of the war. Despite these monumental victories, the Jurchen people suffered food shortages due to Allied economic blockades and the war became immensely unpopular at home. In 1918, Jurcheny attempted a last push in the east to try knocking Chosun out of the war, but this failed. Without allies and facing rebellion at home, Jurcheny signed an armistice with the Allies.

Jurcheny was forced to cede all of its overseas colonies and numerous border territories to its neighbours, as well as to pay immensely large sums of reparation money to the Allies, which resulted in Jurcheny suffering immense poverty during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Anger mounted in Jurcheny as a result, leading to the rise of extreme nationalism and the authoritarian Zuji regime in 1933. Jurcheny rapidly rearmed, violated the peace treaties of 1918, and annexed the Jurchen-speaking Wajiguo in 1938. In that same year, Jurchen forces overran Tuoba and Khitan. Jurcheny's tripartite alliance with Nanyue and Albion, alongside its non-aggression pact with the Khural Union stunned the east. Jurcheny invaded Ordos in 1939, initiating World War II in Zhonglu. Immediate success followed, and Jurcheny conquered Hebei, Bohai, Chosun, Sushen, Hezhen, and Suolun. In 1941, Jurcheny led Operation Toi against the Khural Union, the largest ground invasion in history. Large swaths of land were conquered and millions died as a result. At the height of Jurchen expansion, many wartime atrocities were committed, notably the Datusha, in which millions of Hmong, Tanka, equalist, homosexual, disabled, and other undesirables were systematically murdered across the Jurchen-occupied territories in Zhonglu. However, losses to the Khural forces at Karakorum and Ulaanbaatar and to the invading eastern Allies at Busan led to the collapse of the regime in 1945, which was partitioned between the Khural Union in the northwest and the eastern Allies in the southeast.

Jurcheny reunited in 1991 after decades of strife between the equalist north and democratic south. Today, Jurcheny has been described as a great power with a strong economy; it has the largest economy in Zhonglu, the world's fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP and the fifth-largest by PPP. As a global power in industrial, scientific and technological sectors, it is both the world's third-largest exporter and importer. As a developed country it offers social security, a universal health care system and a tuition-free university education. Jurcheny is a member of the United Nations, Central Union, Council of Zhonglu, G7, G20 and OECD. It has the third-greatest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.