Aladdin (1992 Disney film)

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This article is about the 1992 Disney film. For the Disney franchise, see Aladdin (Disney franchise). For other uses, see Aladdin (disambiguation).

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* Scott Weinger
* Robin Williams
* Linda Larkin
* Jonathan Freeman
* Frank Welker
* Gilbert Gottfried
* Douglas Seale
* November 25, 1992 (1992-11-25)
 Running time This template is from Wikipedia

***Aladdin*** is a 1992 American animated musical fantasy comedy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. *Aladdin* is the 31st Disney animated feature film, and was part of the Disney film era known as the Disney Renaissance. The film was directed by John Musker and Ron Clements, and is based on the Arab-style folktale Aladdin and the Magic Lamp from *One Thousand and One Nights*. The voice cast features Scott Weinger, Robin Williams, Linda Larkin, Jonathan Freeman, Frank Welker, Gilbert Gottfried, and Douglas Seale.

Lyricist Howard Ashman first pitched the idea, and the screenplay went through three drafts before then-Disney Studios president Jeffrey Katzenberg agreed to its production. The animators based their designs on the work of caricaturist Al Hirschfeld, and computers were used for both finishing the artwork and creating some animated elements. The musical score was written by Alan Menken and features six songs with lyrics written by both Ashman and Tim Rice, who took over after Ashman's death.

*Aladdin* was released on November 25, 1992 and was the most successful film of 1992, earning over $217 million in revenue in the United States, and over $504 million worldwide. The film also won many awards, most of them for its soundtrack. The film is considered by manyTemplate:Who as the best film that came out during the Disney Renaissance. *Aladdin*'s success led to other material inspired by the film, including two direct-to-video sequels, *The Return of Jafar* and *Aladdin and the King of Thieves*, an animated television series of the same name, toys, video games, spin-offs, including a live-action remake about the genie titled *Genies,* Disney merchandise, and a Broadway adaptation that debuted in 2014.

## Plot

A peddler sets up shop in the fictional sultanate of Agrabah, offering to tell the audience about the story of an oil lamp in his possession. Jafar, the Grand Vizier of the Sultan, and his parrot Iago, seek the lamp hidden within the Cave of Wonders but are told that only a “diamond in the rough” may enter. Jafar identifies a street urchin named Aladdin as worthy. Aladdin and his pet monkey, Abu, cross paths with Princess Jasmine, who has run away from the palace, unwilling to be betroth to yet another snobbish suitor. Aladdin and Jasmine become friends and fall in love, but Jafar has Aladdin apprehended, tricking Jasmine into thinking that he has been decapitated.

Disguised as an old man, Jafar frees Aladdin and Abu, taking them to the Cave and promises to reward them if they retrieve the lamp. Inside, Aladdin befriends a magic carpet. Abu greedily tries to steal a jewel, despite the Cave’s warning, and the Cave collapses. Trapped in the Cave, Aladdin rubs the lamp, releasing Genie, who was trapped inside. Genie explains that Aladdin has become his master and he will grant him three wishes. Aladdin tricks the Genie into freeing them from the Cave without utilizing a wish, and then uses his first to become a prince to be near Jasmine. Jafar, on Iago’s suggestion, plots to become Sultan by marrying Jasmine. Aladdin parades into the city as “Prince Ali of Ababwa.” However, Jasmine is unimpressed with Aladdin’s bravado.

Despite his friends advising him to tell Jasmine the truth, Aladdin refuses, believing she would never fall “for some street rat.” He takes Jasmine on a flight on the magic carpet, where she deduces his identity, though Aladdin convinces her that he dresses as a peasant to escape the stresses of royal life. Aladdin returns Jasmine home, only to be attacked by the palace guards on Jafar’s orders and nearly drowned, until the Genie rescues him using his second wish. Jafar tries to hypnotize the Sultan into agreeing to his marriage to Jasmine, only for Aladdin to appear and expose Jafar’s schemes. Jafar flees, but notices Aladdin has the lamp, realizing who he is.

Learning he will become Sultan, Aladdin has second thoughts about freeing the Genie, believing that without him, he would not be able to keep up appearances. Iago steals the lamp, and Jafar becomes the Genie’s new master. He uses his first two wishes to usurp the Sultan and become the world’s most powerful sorcerer, exposing Aladdin’s lies and exiling him, Abu, and the carpet to a frozen wasteland, though they escape death and return to the palace. Jafar orders the Genie to brainwash Jasmine into falling in love with him, but the Genie reveals he is unable to grant the wish. Jasmine feigns interest to distract Jafar and allow Aladdin to get the lamp, but he is cornered.

Jafar transforms himself into a giant cobra and ensnares Aladdin, saying he is the most powerful being in the world. However, Aladdin points out the Genie is more powerful, inspiring Jafar to use his last wish to become a genie, only to be sucked into his own lamp as part of the genie’s nature, dragging Iago in with him. The Genie throws Jafar’s lamp into the Cave of Wonders, and suggests Aladdin to use his third wish to regain his royal title so the law will allow him to stay with Jasmine. However, Aladdin knows he cannot keep pretending to be something he is not, and decides to keep his promise and frees the Genie. Learning of Aladdin and Jasmine’s love, the Sultan alters the law to allow his daughter to marry whom she chooses. The Genie leaves to explore the world, while Aladdin and Jasmine celebrate their engagement.

## Cast

* Scott Weinger as Aladdin, a poor, but kind-hearted Agrabah thief. Weinger sent in a homemade audition tape with his mother playing the Genie, and after several call backs he found six months later that he had the part. Aladdin's supervising animator was by Glen Keane. Brad Kane provides Aladdin's singing voice.
* Robin Williams as The Genie, a comedic genie, with nigh omnipotent power that can only be exercised when his master wishes it. Bruce Adler supplies his singing voice as well as the singing voice for the Peddler. The Genie's supervising animator was Eric Goldberg. Clements and Musker wrote the part of the Genie for Robin Williams, and, when met with resistance, created a reel of Williams' stand-up to animation of the Genie. The directors asked Goldberg to animate a Genie over one of Williams' old stand-up comedy routines to pitch the idea to the actor. The resulting test, where Williams talking about schizophrenia was translated into Genie growing another head to argue with himself, made Williams "laugh his ass off" and convinced him to sign on for the role. Williams' appearance in *Aladdin* (despite his appearance along with Christian Slater and Tim Curry in the early 1992 animated film *FernGully*) marks the beginning of a transition in animated film to celebrity voice actors, rather than specifically trained voice actors in animated film. Williams provided many celebrity impressions during recording sessions, which were re-adapted into the fabric of the character. These included Ed Sullivan, Jack Nicholson, Robert De Niro, Groucho Marx, Rodney Dangerfield, William F. Buckley, Peter Lorre, Arnold Schwarzenegger, and Arsenio Hall. Williams also voices the Peddler, a mysterious merchant who appears at the beginning of the film. After promoting useless goods to the audience, he reveals the magic lamp and begins the story of *Aladdin*. The scene was completely unscripted — the production left Williams a table with props covered with a sheet and asked him to pull out objects without looking at them and describe them in-character. The double role originally led to the Peddler revealing to be the Genie disguised, but that idea was dropped later in development.
* Jonathan Freeman as Jafar, the power-hungry Grand Vizier of Agrabah. Jafar was originally envisioned as an irritable character, but the directors decided that a calm villain would be scarier. Freeman was the first actor cast and spent one year and nine months recording his dialogue. He later readjusted his voice after Weinger and Larkin were cast as he felt "Jafar had to be seen as a real threat to Aladdin and Jasmine". Jafar's supervising animator was Andreas Deja, who tried to incorporate Freeman's facial expressions and gesturing into the character, while Jafar's beggar and snake forms are animated by Kathy Zielinski.
* Linda Larkin as Princess Jasmine: The princess of Agrabah, who is tired of life in the royal palace. Larkin was chosen nine months after her audition, and had to adjust (or lower) her high-pitched voice to reach the voice the filmmakers were looking for in the character. Jasmine's supervising animator was Mark Henn. Lea Salonga provides Jasmine's singing voice.
* Frank Welker as Abu, Aladdin's kleptomaniac pet monkey with a high-pitched voice. The animators filmed monkeys at the San Francisco Zoo to study their movements for Abu's character. In the three years it took to record the film, Welker did not meet Weinger or Williams. Welker also voices Jasmine's tiger Rajah and the Cave of Wonders. Duncan Marjoribanks was the supervising animator for Abu, while Rajah was animated by Aaron Blaise.
* Gilbert Gottfried as Iago, Jafar's sarcastic, foul-mouthed parrot assistant. Much like Robin Williams, Gottfried was given freedom to improvise his lines. Iago's supervising animator Will Finn tried to incorporate some aspects of Gottfried's appearance into Iago's design, especially his semi-closed eyes and the always-appearing teeth.
* Douglas Seale as The Sultan, the pompous, but kind ruler of Agrabah, who desperately tries to find a suitor for his daughter Jasmine. Some aspects of the character were inspired by the Wizard of Oz, to create a bumbling authority figure. The Sultan's supervising animator was David Pruiksma.
* Jim Cummings as Razoul, the Captain of the Guard. He was named after layout supervisor Rasoul Azadani. He and the other guards were animated by Phil Young and Chris Wahl.
* Charlie Adler as Gazeem: A thief that Jafar sends into the Cave of Wonders at the beginning of the film but is trapped inside for being unworthy. Gazeem was animated by T. Daniel Hofstedt.
* Corey Burton as Prince Achmed, a snobbish prince who is rejected by Princess Jasmine as her suitor.

## Production

### Script and development

In 1988, lyricist Howard Ashman pitched the idea of an animated musical adaptation of Aladdin. Ashman had written a 40-page film treatment remaining faithful to the plot and characters of the original story, but envisioned as a campy 1930s-style musical with a Cab Calloway/Fats Waller-like Genie. Along with partner Alan Menken, Ashman conceived several songs and added Aladdin's friends named Babkak, Omar, and Kasim to the story. However, the studio was dismissive of Ashman's treatment and removed the project from development in which Ashman and Menken were later recruited to compose songs for *Beauty and the Beast*. Linda Woolverton, who had also worked on *Beauty and the Beast*, used their treatment and developed a draft with inspired elements from *The Thief of Bagdad* such as a villain named Jaf'far, an aged sidekick retired human thief named Abu, and a human handmaiden for the princess. Then, directors John Musker and Ron Clements joined the production, picking *Aladdin* out of three projects offered, which also included an adaptation of *Swan Lake* and *King of the Jungle* – that eventually became *The Lion King*. Before Ashman's death in March 1991, Ashman and Menken had composed "Prince Ali" and his last song, "Humiliate the Boy".

Musker and Clements wrote a draft of the screenplay, and then delivered a story reel to studio chief Jeffrey Katzenberg in April 1991. Katzenberg thought the script "didn't engage", and on a day known by the staff as "Black Friday," demanded that the entire story to be rewritten without rescheduling the film's November 25, 1992 release date. Among the changes Katzenberg requested from Clements and Musker were to not be dependent on Ashman's vision, and the removal of Aladdin's mother, remarking, "Eighty-six the mother. The mom's a zero." Screenwriting duo Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio were brought in to rework the story, and the changes they made included the removal of Aladdin's mother, the strengthening of the character of Princess Jasmine, and the deletion of several of the Ashman-Menken songs. Aladdin's personality was rewritten to be "a little rougher, like a young Harrison Ford," and the parrot Iago, originally conceived as an uptight British archetype, was reworked into a comic role after the filmmakers saw Gilbert Gottfried in *Beverly Hills Cop II*. Gottfried was cast to provide Iago's voice. By October 1991, Katzenberg was satisfied with the new version of *Aladdin*. As with Woolverton's screenplay, several characters and plot elements are based on the 1940 version of *The Thief of Bagdad*, the location of the film was changed from Baghdad, Iraq, to the fictional Arabian city of Agrabah.

### Design and animation

 File:Aladdin Disney lg.gif
One of the first issues that the animators faced during production of *Aladdin* was the depiction of Aladdin himself. Director and producer John Musker explains:

He was initially going to be as young as 13, but that eventually changed to eighteen. Aladdin was designed by a team led by supervising animator Glen Keane, and was originally made to resemble actor Michael J. Fox. During production, it was decided that the design was too boyish and wasn't "appealing enough," so the character was redesigned to add elements derived from actor Tom Cruise and Calvin Klein models.

The design for most characters was based on the work of caricaturist Al Hirschfeld, which production designer Richard Vander Wende also considered appropriate to the theme, due to similarities to the swooping lines of Persian miniatures and Arabic calligraphy. Jafar's design was not based on Hirschfeld's work because Jafar's supervising animator, Andreas Deja, wanted the character to be contrasting. Each character was animated alone, with the animators consulting each other to make scenes with interrelating characters. Since Aladdin's animator Glen Keane was working in the California branch of Walt Disney Feature Animation, and Jasmine's animator Mark Henn was in the Florida one at Disney-MGM Studios, they had to frequently phone, fax or send designs and discs to each other. Animator Randy Cartwright described working on the Magic Carpet as challenging, since it is only a rectangular shape, who expresses himself through pantomime – "It's sort of like acting by origami". Cartwright kept folding a piece of cloth while animating to see how to position the Carpet. After the character animation was done, the carpet's surface design was applied digitally.

For the scenery design, layout supervisor Rasoul Azadani took many pictures of his hometown of Isfahan, Iran for guidance. Other inspirations for design were Disney's animated films from the 1940s and 50s and the 1940 film *The Thief of Bagdad*. The coloring was done with the computerized CAPS process, and the color motifs were chosen according to the personality – the protagonists use light colors such as blue, the antagonists darker ones such as red and black, and Agrabah and its palace use the neutral color yellow. Computer animation was used for some elements of the film, such as the tiger entrance of the Cave of Wonders and the scene where Aladdin tries to escape the collapsing cave.

Musker and Clements created the Genie with Robin Williams in mind; even though Katzenberg suggested actors such as John Candy, Steve Martin, and Eddie Murphy, Williams was approached and eventually accepted the role. Williams came for voice recording sessions during breaks in the shooting of two other films he was starring in at the time, *Hook* and *Toys*. Unusually for an animated film, much of Williams' dialogue was ad-libbed: for some scenes, Williams was given topics and dialogue suggestions, but allowed to improvise his lines. It was estimated that Williams improvised 52 characters. Eric Goldberg, the supervising animator for the Genie, then reviewed Williams' recorded dialogue and selected the best gags and lines that his crew would create character animation to match.

The producers added many in-jokes and references to Disney's previous works in the film, such as a "cameo appearance" from directors Clements and Musker and drawing some characters based on Disney workers. Beast, Sebastian from *The Little Mermaid*, and Pinocchio make brief appearances, and the wardrobe of the Genie at the end of the film—Goofy hat, Hawaiian shirt, and sandals—are a reference to a short film that Robin Williams did for the Disney-MGM Studios tour in the late 1980s.

### Robin Williams' conflicts with the studio

In gratitude for his success with Touchstone Pictures' *Good Morning, Vietnam*, Robin Williams voiced the Genie for SAG scale pay ($75,000), on condition that his name or image not be used for marketing, and his (supporting) character not take more than 25% of space on advertising artwork, since Williams' film *Toys* was scheduled for release one month after *Aladdin*'s debut. For financial reasons, the studio went back on the deal on both counts, especially in poster art by having the Genie in 25% of the image, but having other major and supporting characters portrayed considerably smaller. The Disney Hyperion book *Aladdin: The Making of an Animated Film* listed both of Williams' characters "The Peddler" and "The Genie" ahead of main characters, but was forced to refer to him only as "the actor signed to play the Genie".

### Music

Main article: Aladdin (soundtrack)
Composer Alan Menken and songwriters Howard Ashman and Tim Rice were praised for creating a soundtrack that is "consistently good, rivaling the best of Disney's other animated musicals from the '90s." Menken and Ashman began work on the film together, with Rice taking over as lyricist after Ashman died of AIDS-related complications in early 1991. Although fourteen songs were written for *Aladdin*, only six are featured in the movie, three by each lyricist. The DVD Special Edition released in 2004 includes four songs in early animations tests, and a music video of one, "Proud of Your Boy", performed by Clay Aiken, which also appears on the album *DisneyMania 3*.

## Themes

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"The original story was sort of a winning the lottery kind of thing. When we got into it, particularly coming in at the end of 1980s, it seemed like an Eighties 'greed is good' movie ... Like having anything you could wish for would be the greatest thing in the world and having it taken away from you is bad, but having it back is great. We didn't really want that to be the message of the movie"
—Ron Clements

The filmmakers thought the moral message of the original tale was not appropriate, and decided to "put a spin on it", by making the fulfillment of wishes seem like a great thing, but eventually becoming a problem. Another major theme was avoiding an attempt to be what the person is not – both Aladdin and Jasmine get into trouble faking to be different people, and the Prince Ali persona fails to impress Jasmine, who only falls for Aladdin when she finds out who he truly is. Being "imprisoned" is also discussed, a fate that occurs to most of the characters – Aladdin and Jasmine are stuck to their lifestyles, Genie is attached to his lamp and Jafar, to the Sultan – and is represented visually by the prison-like walls and bars of the Agrabah palace, and the scene involving caged birds which Jasmine later frees. Jasmine is also depicted as a different Disney Princess, being rebellious to the royal life and the social structure, and trying to make her own way, unlike the princesses who just wait for rescue.

### Theatrical run

A large promotion campaign preceded *Aladdin*'s debut in theaters, with the film's trailer being attached to most Disney VHS releases, and numerous tie-ins and licensees being released. After a limited release on November 13, 1992, *Aladdin* debuted in 1,131 theaters on November 25, 1992, grossing $19.2 million in its opening weekend – number two at the box office, behind *Home Alone 2: Lost in New York*. It took eight weeks for the film to reach number one at the US box office, breaking the record for the week between Christmas and New Year's Eve with $32.2 million. The film held the top spot five times during its 22-week run. *Aladdin* was the most successful film of 1992 grossing $217 million in the United States and over $504 million worldwide. It was the biggest gross for an animated film until *The Lion King* two years later, and was the first full-length animated film to gross $200 million in North America. As of January 2014, it is the thirtieth highest grossing animated film and the third highest grossing traditionally animated feature worldwide, behind *The Lion King* and *The Simpsons Movie*. It sold an estimated 52,442,300 tickets in the US.

### Critical reception

 File:Chuck Jones1.jpg
The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 94% of critics gave the film a positive review based on a sample of 68 reviews, with an average score of 8.1/10.

Most critics' praise went to Robin Williams' performance as Genie, with Janet Maslin of *The New York Times* declaring that children "needn't know precisely what Mr. Williams is evoking to understand how funny he is". Warner Bros. Cartoons director Chuck Jones even called the film "the funniest feature ever made." Furthermore, English-Irish comedian Spike Milligan considered it to be the greatest film of all time. James Berardinelli gave it 3.5 out of 4 stars, praising the "crisp visuals and wonderful song-and-dance numbers". Peter Travers of *Rolling Stone* said the comedy made the film accessible to both children and adults, a vision shared with Desson Howe of *The Washington Post*, who also said "kids are still going to be entranced by the magic and adventure." Brian Lowry of *Variety* praised the cast of characters, describing the expressive magic carpet as "its most remarkable accomplishment" and considered that "*Aladdin* overcomes most story flaws thanks to sheer technical virtuosity".

Some aspects of the film were widely criticized. Ed Gonzalez of *Slant Magazine* wrote a negative review, describing the film as racist, ridiculous, and a "narcissistic circus act" from Robin Williams. Roger Ebert, who generally praised the film in his review, considered the music inferior to its predecessors *The Little Mermaid* and *Beauty and the Beast*, and claimed Aladdin and Jasmine were "pale and routine." Like Gonzalez, he criticized it as racist, commenting on the appearance of the protagonists versus other characters: "Most of the Arab characters have exaggerated facial characteristics - hooked noses, glowering brows, thick lips - but Aladdin and the princess look like white American teenagers."

### Awards

*Aladdin* also received many award nominations, mostly for its music. It won two Academy Awards, Best Music, Original Score and Best Music, Original Song for "A Whole New World" and receiving nominations for Best Song ("Friend Like Me"), Best Sound Editing (Mark A. Mangini), and Best Sound (Terry Porter, Mel Metcalfe, David J. Hudson and Doc Kane). At the Golden Globes, *Aladdin* won Best Original Song ("A Whole New World") and Best Original Score, as well as a Special Achievement Award for Robin Williams, with a nomination for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy. Other awards included the Annie Award for Best Animated Feature, a MTV Movie Award for Best Comedic Performance to Robin Williams, Saturn Awards for Best Fantasy Film, Performance by a Younger Actor to Scott Weinger and Supporting Actor to Robin Williams, the Best Animated Feature by the Los Angeles Film Critics Association, and four Grammy Awards, Best Soundtrack Album, and Song of the Year, Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal and Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media for "A Whole New World".

### Home media

The film was first released in VHS on October 1, 1993, as part of the "Walt Disney Classics" line. In its first week of availability, *Aladdin* sold over 10.6 million copies, and went on to sell over 25 million in total (a record only broken by the later release of *The Lion King*). This VHS edition entered moratorium on April 30, 1994. A THX-certified widescreen LaserDisc was issued in Autumn 1994, and a Spanish-dubbed VHS for the American market was released on April 14, 1995.

On October 5, 2004, *Aladdin* was released on DVD, as part of Disney's Platinum Edition line. The DVD release featured retouched and cleaned-up animation, prepared for *Aladdin's* planned but ultimately cancelled IMAX reissue in 2003, and a second disc with bonus features. Accompanied by a $19 million marketing campaign, the DVD sold about 3 million units in its first month, but it was less than the number of copies, sold in that amount of time, by any other *Platinum Edition* released before it. The film's soundtrack was available in its original Dolby 5.1 track or in a new Disney Enhanced Home Theater Mix. The DVD went into moratorium in January 2008, along with its sequels.

According to an insert in the *Lady and the Tramp* Diamond Edition release case, *Aladdin* was going to be released on Blu-ray Disc as a Diamond Edition in Spring 2013. Instead, *Peter Pan* was released on Blu-ray as a Diamond Edition on February 5, 2013 to celebrate its 60th anniversary. A non-Diamond Edition Blu-ray was released in a few select European countries in March 2013. The Belgian edition (released without advertisements, commercials or any kind of fanfare) comes as a 1-disc version with its extras ported over from the Platinum Edition DVD). The same disc was released in the United Kingdom on April 14, 2013. Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released the film on a Diamond Edition Blu-ray on October 13, 2015. The film was released on Digital HD on September 29, 2015. Upon its first week of release on home media in the U.S., the film topped the Blu-ray Disc sales chart and debuted at number 2 at the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks overall disc sales behind the disaster film *San Andreas*.

### Legal issues

One of the verses of the opening song "Arabian Nights" was altered following protests from the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (ADC). The lyrics were changed in July 1993 from *"Where they cut off your ear if they don't like your face,"* in the original release to *"Where it's flat and immense and the heat is intense."* The change first appeared on the 1993 video release. The original lyric was intact on the initial CD soundtrack release, but the re-release uses the edited lyric. The rerecording has the original voice on all other lines and then a noticeably deeper voice says the edited line. The Broadway adaptation also uses the edited line. *Entertainment Weekly* ranked *Aladdin* in a list of the most controversial films in history, due to this incident. The ADC also complained about the portrayal of the lead characters Aladdin and Jasmine. They criticized the characters' Anglicized features and Anglo-American accents, in contrast to the other characters in the film, which are dark-skinned, have foreign accents and grotesque facial features, and appear villainous or greedy.

Protests were also raised to another scene. When Aladdin is attacked by the tiger Rajah on the palace balcony, Aladdin quietly says a line that some people reported hearing as *"Good teenagers, take off your clothes,"* which they considered a subliminal reference to promiscuity. However, according to the commentary track on the 2004 DVD, while Musker and Clements did admit Scott Weinger ad-libbed during the scene, they claimed "we did not record that, we would not record that," and said the line was *"Good tiger, take off and go..."* and the word "tiger" is overlapped by Rajah's snarl. After the word tiger, a second voice can be heard which has been suggested was accidentally grafted onto the soundtrack. Because of the controversy, Disney removed the line on the DVD release.

Animation enthusiasts have noticed similarities between *Aladdin* and Richard Williams' unfinished film *The Thief and the Cobbler* (also known as *Arabian Knight* under Miramax Films and *The Princess and the Cobbler* under Majestic Films International). These similarities include a similar plot, similar characters, scenes and background designs, and the antagonist Zig-Zag's resemblance in character design and mannerisms to Genie and Jafar. Though *Aladdin* was released prior to *The Thief and the Cobbler*, *The Thief and the Cobbler* initially began production much earlier in the 1960s, and was mired in difficulties including financial problems, copyright issues, story revisions and late production times caused by separate studios trying to finish the film after Richard Williams was fired from the project for lack of finished work. The late release, coupled with Miramax purchasing and re-editing the film, has sometimes resulted in *The Thief and the Cobbler* being labeled a rip-off of *Aladdin*.

## Live-action adaptations

* On July 15, 2015, the studio started developing a live-action comedy adventure prequel called *Genies*. The film is being written by Damian Shannon and Mark Swift, while Tripp Vinson is on board to produce via his Vinson Films banner. The film is intended to lead into a live-action *Aladdin* movie. On November 8, Disney revealed it had originally planned to use Robin Williams' unused lines from the 1991–92 recording sessions for the film, but his will prohibited the studio from using his likeness for twenty-five years after his death.
* In October 2016, it was reported that Disney was developing a live-action adaptation of *Aladdin* with Guy Ritchie signed on to direct the film. John August is writing the script, which will reportedly retain the musical elements of the original film, while Dan Lin is attached as producer. Lin revealed that they are looking for a diverse cast.

## See also

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* List of Disney animated features
* List of Disney animated films based on fairy tales
* List of animated feature-length films
* List of traditional animated feature films

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Aladdin box office info". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on February 15, 2009. Retrieved March 17, 2009. Unknown parameter `|deadurl=` ignored (`|url-status=` suggested) (help)
2. ↑ Abbott, Jim (January 5, 1993). "As Genie, mom helped grant son's wish for 'Aladdin' role". *St. Paul Pioneer Press*. Archived from the original on June 2, 2009. Retrieved May 26, 2009. Unknown parameter `|deadurl=` ignored (`|url-status=` suggested) (help)
3. ↑ Caporaso, Jenna; Trucks, Leigh; Pompa, Andrew (February 27, 1994). "Aladdin's Voice Speaks". *The Charlotte Observer*. Archived from the original on April 16, 2009. Retrieved May 26, 2009. Unknown parameter `|deadurl=` ignored (`|url-status=` suggested) (help)
4. ↑ Hischak, Thomas S. (2011). *Disney Voice Actors: A Biographical Dictionary*. McFarland. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-7864-6271-1.
5. ↑ Meslow, Scott (October 28, 2011). "How Celebrities Took Over Cartoon Voice Acting". *The Atlantic*. Retrieved May 3, 2015.
6. ↑ Labrecque, Jeff (August 12, 2014). "Robin Williams in 'Aladdin': Animator Eric Goldberg remembers drawing Genie". *Entertainment Weekly*. Retrieved May 3, 2015.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Daly, Steve (September 4, 1992). "Disney's Got A Brand-New Baghdad 1". *Entertainment Weekly*. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved March 16, 2007.
8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 *Pop Up Fun Facts* (DVD). *Aladdin* Platinum Edition Disc 1: Walt Disney Home Video. 2004.CS1 maint: location (link)
9. ↑ Hill, Jim (June 13, 2011). "Jonathan Freeman returns as Jafar in new stage musical version of Disney's "Aladdin"". Jim Hill Media. Retrieved December 26, 2011.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 *Diamond in the Rough: The Making of Aladdin* (DVD). *Aladdin* Platinum Edition, Disc 2: Walt Disney Home Video. 2004.CS1 maint: location (link)
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Ron Clements, John Musker, Amy Pell.*Aladdin* audio commentary – *The Filmmaker's*
12. ↑ "Disney Legends: Lea Salonga". Disney.com. Retrieved December 26, 2011.
13. ↑ Kalidor (September 22, 2006). "The Allspark Interviews Legend Frank Welker". *allspark.com*. Archived from the original on June 2, 2009. Retrieved May 26, 2009. Unknown parameter `|deadurl=` ignored (`|url-status=` suggested) (help)
14. ↑ Libbey, Dirk. "Why Gilbert Gottfried Had To Keep Recording His Aladdin Lines". CinemaBlend. Retrieved December 26, 2011.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Rhodes, Joe (November 8, 1992). "What Would Walt Say? : The credits read Disney, but 'Aladdin' is a brand-new 'toon, an irreverent high-stakes gamble that veers sharply from tradition". *Los Angeles Times*. Retrieved July 11, 2015. Italic or bold markup not allowed in: `|newspaper=` (help)
16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Koeing, David (January 28, 2001). *Mouse Under Glass: Secrets of Disney Animation & Theme Parks*. Irvine, California: Bonadventure Press. pp. 216–26. ISBN 978-0964060517.
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 Richard Corliss; Patrick E. Cole; Martha Smilgis (November 9, 1992). "Aladdin's Magic". *Time*. Retrieved March 16, 2007. Chuck Jones' verdict is judicious: Aladdin is "the funniest feature ever made." It's a movie for adults – if they can keep up with its careering pace – and, yes, you can take the kids. It juggles a '90s impudence with the old Disney swank and heart.
18. ↑ Hunter, Stephen (November 25, 1992). "Ashman's words were music to his ears". *The Baltimore Sun*. Retrieved July 11, 2015. Italic or bold markup not allowed in: `|newspaper=` (help)
19. ↑ "John Musker Question Countdown – Number 9". February 21, 2012. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
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23. ↑ John Musker, Ron Clements, Eric Goldberg, Amy Pell, Ed Gombert, Terry Rossio, Ted Elliot (2004). *Reflections On Black Friday* (DVD). Walt Disney Home Video.
24. ↑ Steyn, Mark (October 17, 1997). "Retread country". *The Spectator*. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
25. ↑ Daly, Steve (December 4, 1992). "Unsung *Aladdin* songs". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 11, 2015. Italic or bold markup not allowed in: `|publisher=` (help)
26. ↑ "Aladdin DVzsxD review". DVDizzy.com. Retrieved March 20, 2007.
27. ↑ John Musker, Ron Clements (2004). *Aladdin: Platinum Edition (Disc 2)* (DVD). Walt Disney Home Video.
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29. ↑ Bernstein, Matthew; Studlar, Gaylyn (1997). *Visions of the East*. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-86064-305-7.
30. ↑ Johnson, Zach (October 15, 2015). "Disney Myths Debunked by Ron Clements and John Musker, Directors of The Little Mermaid, Aladdin and Hercules". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved December 19, 2015. Italic or bold markup not allowed in: `|publisher=` (help)
31. ↑ John Musker, Ron Clements (2004). *Art Review* (DVD). Aladdin: Platinum Edition (Disc 2): Walt Disney Home Video.CS1 maint: location (link)
32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Thomas, Bob: "Chapter 9: A New Tradition", pages 133–135. *Disney's Art of Animation: From Mickey Mouse to Hercules*, 1997
33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 33.5 33.6 33.7 Culhane, John (August 15, 1993). *Disney's Aladdin The Making Of An Animated Film*. Disney Editions. ISBN 978-1-56282-757-1.
34. ↑ "Aladdin animator used subtlety to design strong villain". The Tech. November 20, 1992.
35. ↑ James Lipton (host) (2001). *Inside the Actors Studio: Robin Williams* (Documentary). Bravo.
36. ↑ Daly, Steve (September 4, 1992). "Disney's Got A Brand-New Baghdad 2". *Entertainment Weekly*. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved March 16, 2007.
37. ↑ Daly, Steve (September 4, 1992). "Disney's Got A Brand-New Baghdad 3". *Entertainment Weekly*. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved March 16, 2007.
38. ↑ Phares, Heather. "Aladdin soundtrack review". Allmusic. Retrieved March 18, 2007.
39. ↑ *Alan Menken: Musical Renaissance Man* (DVD). *Aladdin* Platinum Edition, Disc 2: Walt Disney Home Video. 2004.CS1 maint: location (link)
40. ↑ Daly, Steve (December 4, 1992). "Unsettled score". *Entertainment Weekly*. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved June 12, 2009.
41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 "Aladdin: Ultimate DVD review". IGN. September 17, 2004. Archived from the original on March 12, 2007. Retrieved March 16, 2007. Unknown parameter `|deadurl=` ignored (`|url-status=` suggested) (help)
42. ↑ "DisneyMania 3". Disney. Archived from the original on May 19, 2009. Retrieved May 25, 2009. Unknown parameter `|deadurl=` ignored (`|url-status=` suggested) (help)
43. ↑ Smith, Dave (August 15, 1996). *Disney A to Z: The Official Encyclopedia*. Disney Editions. ISBN 978-0-7868-6223-8.
44. ↑ Marzolph, Ulrich (2006). *The Arabian Nights reader*. Wayne State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8143-3259-7.
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46. ↑ "Weekend Box Office Results for November 13–15, 1992". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on June 3, 2009. Retrieved May 26, 2009. Unknown parameter `|deadurl=` ignored (`|url-status=` suggested) (help)
47. ↑ Natale, Richard (November 30, 1992). "Holiday B.O. gobbles up big bucks". *Variety*. Retrieved June 12, 2009.
48. ↑ Fox, David J. (January 26, 1993). "'Aladdin' Finally Hits No. 1 and a Record in Sales Too". *Los Angeles Times*. Retrieved June 12, 2009.
49. ↑ "Aladdin (1992) – Weekend Box Office Results". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved June 12, 2009.
50. ↑ "The Lion King (1994)". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on May 17, 2009. Retrieved May 25, 2009. Unknown parameter `|deadurl=` ignored (`|url-status=` suggested) (help)
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55. ↑ "Spike Milligan - Biography - IMDb".
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60. ↑ Gonzalez, Ed (September 23, 2004). "Aladdin". *Slant Magazine*. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
61. ↑ Ebert, Roger (November 25, 1992). "Aladdin review". *Chicago Sun-Times*. Retrieved March 17, 2007.
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67. ↑ "18TH Annual Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards". LAFCA. Retrieved May 25, 2009.
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## External links

* Official website
* *Aladdin* on IMDb
* *Aladdin* at AllMovie
* *Aladdin* at Box Office Mojo
* *Aladdin* at Rotten Tomatoes
* *Aladdin* at the Big Cartoon DataBase
* Aladdin in folklore and popular culture, at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on August 31, 2015.

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