African Lion

The **lion** (*Panthera*

leo*) is one of the five big cats in the genus*Panthera*and* a member of the family Felidae. The commonly used term **African** lion **collectively denotes the several subspecies found in Africa. With some**
males exceeding 250 kg (550 lb) in weight, it is the second-largest living cat after the tiger. Lions are the only cats that live in groups, which are called prides. Prides are family units that may
include up to three males, a dozen or so females, and their young. All of a
pride's lionesses are related, and female cubs typically stay with the group as
they age. Young males eventually leave and establish their own prides by taking
over a group headed by another male. In the wild, males seldom live longer than
10 to 14 years, as injuries sustained from continual fighting with rival males
greatly reduce their longevity. In captivity they can live more than 20 years. They typically inhabit savanna and grassland, although they may take to bush and forest. Lions are unusually social compared to other cats. A pride of lions consists of related females and offspring and a small number of adult males. Groups of female lions typically hunt together, preying mostly on large ungulates. Lions are apex and keystone predators, although they are also expert scavengers obtaining over 50 percent of their food by scavenging as opportunity allows. While lions do not typically hunt humans, some have. Sleeping mainly during the day, lions
are active primarily at night (nocturnal), although sometimes at twilight
(crepuscular).

Highly distinctive, the male lion
is easily recognised by its mane, and its face is one of the most widely
recognised animal symbols in human culture. Depictions have existed from
the Upper Paleolithic period, with carvings and paintings from
the Lascaux and Chauvet Caves, through virtually all ancient and
medieval cultures where they once occurred. It has been extensively depicted in
sculptures, in paintings, on national flags, and in contemporary films and
literature. Lions have been kept in menageries since the time of
the Roman Empire, and have been a key species sought for exhibition
in zoos over the world since the late eighteenth century. Zoos are
cooperating worldwide in breeding programs for the endangered Asiatic subspecies.

**Lion Prides and Hunting**

Only male lions boast manes, the
impressive fringe of long hair that encircles their heads. Males defend the
pride's territory, which may include some 100 square miles (259 square
kilometers) of grasslands, scrub, or open woodlands. These intimidating animals mark the area with urine, roar menacingly to warn intruders, and chase off animals that encroach on their turf.

Female lions are the pride's
primary hunters. They often work together to prey upon antelopes, zebras,
wildebeest, and other large animals of the open grasslands. Many of these animals are faster than lions, so teamwork pays off. After the hunt, the group effort often degenerates to squabbling over the sharing of the kill, with cubs at the bottom of the pecking order. Young lions do not help to hunt until they
are about a year old. Lions will hunt alone if the opportunity presents itself,
and they also steal kills from hyenas or wild dogs.

**Conservation**

Lions have been celebrated throughout history for their courage and strength. They once roamed most of Africa and parts of Asia and Europe. Today they are found only in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, except for one very small population of Asian lions that
survives in India's Gir Forest.

## Gallery

An adult male lion at Disney's Animal KingdomLion (African Lion)Male African Lion.The Rare White LionLions toying with PangolinLion Dad with cubs at San Diego ZooLioness Chasing ZebraLion dad and cubMale and female greeting each other3 Males RunningLion, Tiger & Bear?That's a lot of Hair!2 Males FightingLioness Chasing Herd of WildebeestLion FamilyLion Pride DrinkingLion on the LookoutElsa the LionessAnimals United Lioness.png64 Zoo LaneDumbo (1941)Lady and the TrampBig City GreensLambert the Sheepish PiranhaPluto at the ZooCurious GeorgeTeen Titans