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Pontius Pilate

*This article or section is **incomplete**. It is more than a **stub**, but does not yet include a sufficient summary of the subject matter. You can help Catechism Database by **expanding it***.

**Pontius Pilate** was the fifth prefect (or Procurator) of the Roman province of Judaea, serving under Emperor Tiberius from AD 26/27 to 36/37.

After the deposition of Herod Archelaus (who had succeeded his father Herod the Great as ethnarch), Judea was placed under the rule of Pontius Pilate, who was the fifth, succeeding Valerius Gratus in A.D. 26, had greater authority than most procurators under the empire, for in addition to the ordinary duty of financial administration, he had supreme power judicially. His unusually long period of office covers the whole of the active ministry both of St. John the Baptist and of Jesus Christ.

after harshly suppressing a Samaritan movement, Pilate was deposed by Lucius Vitellius and sent to Rome, where he arrived just after the death of Tiberius, which occurred on 16 March, 37. In Judea, Pilate was replaced by Marcellus

## Biography

### Early Life

Nothing is known about Pontius Pilate's early life. However, having come to power as a governor in AD 26, he would have been a mature leader trusted by the emperor by then.

### Establishment as Governor

He was appointed through the intervention of Sejanus by Tiberius Caesar, succeeding Valerius Gratus. He reigned over Judea, Samaria and Idumæa at least from the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius.

**Prefect of Judaea*****26–36***

## References

1. ↑ Luke 23:3
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Britannica Online: Pontius Pilate". *Britannica.com*. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/460341/Pontius-Pilate. Retrieved 21 March 2012.
3. ↑ Jona Lendering. "Judaea". Livius.org. http://www.livius.org/articles/place/judaea/judaea-governors/. Retrieved 21 March 2012.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Luke 3:1
5. ↑ Barnes, A. (1911). Pontius Pilate. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved July 19, 2019 from New Advent: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12083c.htm
6. ↑ Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 18.4.1
7. ↑ Gary DeLashmutt, Sejanus and the Chronology of Christ's death, Xenos Christian Fellowship
Mary Magdalene

**Saint Mary Magdalene** sometimes called simply the **Magdalene** or the **Madeleine**, was a Jewish disciple of Jesus, first witness and announcer of the Risen Christ. more than most of the apostles. Mary's epithet *Magdalene* most likely means that she came from the town of Magdala, a fishing town on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee.

During the Middle Ages, Mary Magdalene was conflated in western tradition with Mary of Bethany and the unnamed "sinful woman" who anoints Jesus's feet in Luke 7:36–50. this ultimately derive from a sermos made by Saint Gregory the Great, after that Mary Magdalene’s cult flourished in the West. This identification has since been challenged, and modern scholars feel that the three women are distinct. but they are all still popularly identified.

The historical sources are extremely meager towards him: it is briefly described only in the New Testament and is not mentioned in other contemporary or immediately subsequent sources.

The name Maddalena derives from the town of Magdala (toponym from the Hebrew migdòl , "tower"), on the western shore of Lake Tiberias or Genezaret. The evangelical narrations outline its figure through a few verses, making us see how much she was one of the disciples closest to Jesus. It was among the few to witness the crucifixion and became the first witness eye of his resurrection.

## In the Gospels

Although is very know about Jewish society in ancient Palestine in the 1 Century BC, its know very little about Mary herself. The Bible provides no personal details of her age, status or family.

Mary Magdalene is mentioned in Luke 8:2-3 as one of the women who "assisted Jesus with their possessions". Luke testifies that they "had been cured of evil spirits and infirmities: Mary, called Magdalene, from whom seven demons had gone out".

It is one of the three Marys who also accompanied Jesus of Nazareth on his last journey to Jerusalem, where they were witnesses to his crucifixion .

Mary Magdalene, thus becoming the first witness of the resurrection, run to tell what happened to Peter and the other apostles, earning the nickname "apostle to the apostles".

Returning immediately to the tomb, she stopped crying in front of the tomb door. Here Jesus appeared to her, but at first she did not recognize him. Only when she was called by name was she aware of being in front of the Lord, and her response was the exclamation of joy and devotion, that is "good teacher". He wanted to hold it, but he forbade it. Jesus said to her:

## References

1. ↑ "Saint Mary Magdalen". *New Catholic Dictionary*. 1910. http://saints.sqpn.com/ncd05121.htm. Retrieved 2007-02-28.
2. ↑ "Saint Mary Magdalene". *Encyclopædia Britannica* Online.
3. ↑ Ingrid Maisch, *Mary Magdalene: The Image of a Woman through the Centuries* (Liturgical Press 1988 ISBN 9780814624715), chapter 10
4. ↑ [Matthew 27:55]
5. ↑ [Mark 15:40-41]
6. ↑ [Luke 23:55-56]
7. ↑ John 19:25
8. ↑ John 20:1-2
Pope Evaristus

**Pope Evaristus** (died circa 107 AD) is accounted as the fifth Sucessor of Saint Peter in the See of Rome, holding office from c 99 to his death c 107.

## Biography

Little is known about St. Evaristus. According to the *Liber Pontificalis*, he came from a family of Greek Jews living in Bethlehem. He was elected during the reign of the Roman emperor Trajan, and succeeded Clement I in the See of Rome.

Eusebius, in his *Church History* IV, I, stated that Evaristus died in the 12th year of the reign of Emperor Trajan after holding the office of bishop of the Romans for eight years. He is said by the *Liber Pontificalis* to have divided Rome into several titles, assigning a priest to each, and appointed seven deacons for the city.

He is usually accorded the title of martyr; however, there is no confirmation of this, as Pope Evaristus is listed without that title in the Roman Martyrology, with a feast day on 26 October. It is probable that Evaristus was buried near Saint Peter's tomb in the Vatican. It is also probable that St John the Apostle died during the beginning of Evaristus' reign.

## References

1. ↑ Pope St. Evaristus - Catholic encyclopedia}}
2. ↑ According to *Annuario Pontificio*, he died in 108.
3. ↑ Anastasius (bibliothecarius) (1602). *Bibliothecarii Historia, de vitis romanorvm pontificvm a b.Petro apostolo vsqve ad Nicolavm I. nunquam hactenus typis excusa. Deinde Vita Hadriani II. et Stephani VI. auctore Gvilielmo Bibliothecario. Ex bibliotheca Marci Velseri ... Accessere variae lectiones, partim ex codie. mss. Biblioth. vaticanae, partim ex conciliorum tomis, Annalibus ecclesiast. Caes. Baronij ... exceptae*. in typographeio I. Albini. pp. 3. https://books.google.com/books?id=F3ZLAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA3. "1 Euaristus, natione Grecus, ex patre Iudaeo nomine Iuda, de ciuitate Bethleem, sedit ann. VIIII m. X d. II. Fuit autem temporibus Domitiani et Neruae Traiani, a consulatu Valentis et Veteris (96) usque ad Gallo et Bradua consulibus (108). Martyrio coronatur. 2 Hic titulos in urbe Roma diuidit presbiteris et VII diaconos ordinauit qui custodirent episcopum praedicantem, propter stilum ueritatis. 3 Hic fecit ordinationes III per mens. Decemb., presbiteros XVII, diaconos II ; episcopos per diuersa loca XV. Qui etiam sepultus est iuxta corpus beati Petri, in Vaticanum, VI kal. Nouemb. Et cessauit episcopatus dies XVIIII."
4. ↑ "Martyrologium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2001 ISBN 88-209-7210-7)
5. ↑ Catholic Online. "St. Evaristus". http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint\_id=633.
Seraph

A **seraph** or **seraphim**, in theology, are spiritual beings placed in the first place of the highest hierarchy of the nine angelic choirs who are mentioned in the book of Isaiah.

## Origins

The Hebrew word Seraphim is a plural name derived from the verb Saraph which means to burn, the seraphim are therefore the ardent beings. They revolve around the throne of God, remaining in constant worship and singing His glory. They belong to the highest order of the angelic hierarchy, along with the Cherubim and Thrones. These three angelic orders, according to St. Thomas Aquinas, are the assisting angels of God who are perpetually in worship around the throne of God and never come down to earth.

## The Seraphim in the Bible

The prophet Isaiah had a vision in which he saw the Lord sitting on a throne in the temple and some Seraphs were around him. Isaiah 6 describes them this way:

Also in the Book of Revelation of Saint John of Patmos, the Seraphim are represented, although they are not expressly called by name:

From the song of Seraphim, the Sanctus of the liturgy of the Mass was drawn.

## The Seraphim in Theology

The Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite in De Coelesti Hierarchia, describes them as "Those who illuminate and guard the divine fire"

## Bibliography

* Pierre-Marie Galopin , Pierre Grelot , Angeli , in Xavier Léon-Dufour (the care of), Dictionary of Biblical Theology , Marietti , Casale Monferrato, 1971 , ISBN 9788821173028, c. 56-60
* Prayers with the Angeli Editrice Shalom, Camerata Picena, 2000

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Isaiah 6
2. ↑ Revelation 4:7-11
3. ↑ Celestial Hierarchy, VII
List of Books of the Bible

*Not to be confused with Category:Books.*
*Main article: Biblical Canon*

This is a list of the books of the Bible

### Pentateuch

*Main article: Pentateuch*

* Genesis - Origins of the world and Israel's early patriarchs
* Exodus - Israel is founded and freed from Egypt
* Leviticus - Israel's laws
* Numbers - Israel's wanderings
* Deuteronomy - Moses' reiteration of the Law

### Historical books

*Main article: Historical books*

* Joshua
* Judges
* Ruth
* 1st Samuel
* 2nd Samuel
* 1st Kings
* 2nd Kings
* 1st Chronicles
* 2nd Chronicles
* Ezra
* Nehemiah
* Tobit
* Judith
* Esther
* 1 Maccabees
* 2 Maccabees

### Wisdom books

*Main article: Wisdom books*

* Job
* Psalms
* Proverbs
* Ecclesiastes
* Songs
* Wisdom of Solomon
* Sirach

### Prophetic books

*Main article: Prophetic books*

* Isaiah
* Jeremiah
* Lamentations
* Ezekiel
* Daniel
* Hosea
* Joel
* Amos
* Obadiah
* Jonah
* Micah
* Nahum
* Habakkuk
* Zephaniah
* Haggai
* Zechariah
* Malachi

### Gospels

*Main article: The Gospels*

*Main article: Synoptic Gospels*

* Matthew
* Mark
* Luke
* John

### Paul's epistles

*Main article: Pauline Epistles*

* Romans
* 1st Corinthians
* 2nd Corinthians
* Galatians
* Ephesians
* Philippians
* Colossians
* 1st Thessalonians
* 2nd Thessalonians
* 1st Timothy
* 2nd Timothy
* Titus
* Philemon

### General epistles

*Main article: General Epistles*

* Hebrews
* James
* 1st Peter
* 2nd Peter
* 1st John
* 2nd John
* 3rd John
* Jude
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Sápmi in EuroRegion Song Contest

Member station
 Appearances
 First appearances
 Worst result

**Sápmi** is a region in Europe. Because of that, they can participate in EuroRegion Song Contest. This cultural region, traditionally inhabited by the Sámi people, is located in Northern Europe. They debuted in the first edition. This region won the contest once.

## History

Sápmi was announced as participating region for the first edition. Máddji was selected to perform in Leeuwarden. Her entry contained Northern Sámi lyrics. She finished at the 6th place. Marianne Pentha was selected to take part in the second edition, hosted by the Faroe Islands. She started the show with her song. At the end of the voting, it was clear that Sápmi finished at the second place.

In the third edition, Sápmi selected for the first time a song in the Inari Sámi language. They finished at the second place. In Sneek, their act finished at the fourth place. Vegard Bjørsmo was able to take the victory for the very first time. At the winners press conference, they announced that they would host the sixth edition. They selected the Tromsøhallen as venue. It has a capacity during concerts for 3.000 people. In Tromsø, Sápmi scored their lowest score so far: 10th. Sápmi was able to convince the EBU and were choosen to organize the next edition. This was the first time in the history of the contest that a region hosted the festival in two consecutive editions. Rovaniemi was selected as host city. They finished again at the tenth place. The same place was achieved in Wales.

After some disappointing results, the region could count on a success in the ninth edition. Mari Boine managed to reach third place. In the tenth edition, the region finished at the last place. They were not able to score any point. Sápmi achieved the fifth place in Edinburgh. In the 12th edition, Sápmi was able to finish in the top three. In next edition they were one of the favorites to win. At the end of the voting it was clear that Sápmi finished at the second place, just four points less then the winner, Wales. In the next edition, they finished at the 8th place.
Algeria in MediteranianMusic Song Contest

Member station
 Appearances
 First appearances
 Worst result

**Algeria** is a one of the so called Mediteranian countries. Because of that, they can participate in MediteranianMusic Song Contest. Algeria was one of the twelve founding nations.

## History

Algeria took part in the first edition. The Algerian entry finished at the fifth place. They selected a song in the French language and were the only country who didn't select a song in the official language. In the second edition, the Algerian broadcaster selected a song in the Arabic language and finished at the seventh place. Algeria was the fan favorite in the third edition. The country finished at the second place. Their entry finished seven points behind the winner. It was the best African placement since the start of the contest. In the next edition, the country again was ranked as the best non European country. Algeria placed fourth.
Pope Gregory I

*This article or section is **incomplete**. It is more than a **stub**, but does not yet include a sufficient summary of the subject matter. You can help Catechism Database by **expanding it***.

This Person was a Doctor of the Church, a Saint. who also helped to improve The Social Doctrine of the Church.
This template will categorize articles that include it into Doctors of the Church.
Pope Anacletus

Saint Anacletus was the second successor to Saint Peter In the See of Rome, by whom he was converted to the faith. He was ordained a deacon and consecrated priest by Saint Peter

## Name and etymology

The name "Cletus" in Ancient Greek means "one who has been called," and "Anacletus" means "one who has been called back." Also "Anencletus" (Greek: Ανέγκλητος) means "unimpeachable."

The Roman Martyrology mentions the Pope in question only under the name of "Cletus." The *Annuario Pontificio* gives both forms as alternatives. Eusebius, Saint Irenaeus, Saint Augustine and Optatus all suggest that both names refer to the same individual.

Irenaeus, Eusebius, Augustine, Optatus, use both names indifferently as of one person. Tertullian omits him altogether. To add to the confusion, the order is different. Thus Irenaeus has Linus, Anacletus, Clement; whereas Augustine and Optatus put Clement before Anacletus. On the other hand, the "Catalogus Liberianus", the "Carmen contra Marcionem" and the "Liber Pontificalis", all most respectable for their antiquity, make Cletus and Anacletus distinct from each other; while the "Catalogus Felicianus" even sets the latter down as a Greek, the former as a Roman. Among the moderns, Hergenröther pronounces for their identity So also the Bollandist De Smedt. Döllinger declares that

## Papacy

St. Cletus/Anacletus was a Roman who served as pope for twelve years. The *Annuario Pontificio* states, "For the first two centuries, the dates of the start and the end of the pontificate are uncertain." It gives the years 80 to 92 as the reign of Pope Cletus/Anacletus. Other sources give the years 77 to 88.

According to tradition, Pope Anacletus divided Rome into twenty-five parishes. One of the few surviving records concerning his papacy mentions him as having ordained an uncertain number of priests.

## Sources

* Pope St. Anacletus. The Catholic Encyclopedia
* Pope Anacletus Wikipedia
* Lives of the Saints Saint Anacletus
Protoevangelium of James

*This article or section is **incomplete**. It is more than a **stub**, but does not yet include a sufficient summary of the subject matter. You can help Catechism Database by **expanding it***.
   The **Protevangelion of James**, also sometimes known as the **Gospel of James** or the **Infancy Gospel of James**, is generally dated to the 2nd century AD. It is an apocryphal gospel that was widely read but never accepted into the New Testament Canon.

## Authorship and date

The document presents itself as written by James: "I, James, wrote this history in Jerusalem." Thus the purported author is James the Just, the Parent of Jesus. Over one hundred and forty Greek manuscripts containing the Gospel of James have been discovered. The echoes and parallels of the Old Testament appear to derive from its use of Septuagint phraseology. As far as content, it dedicates a significant portion not to the circumstances of Jesus' birth, but to the birth and life of Mary. This is the earliest text that explicitly claims that Joseph was a widower, with children, at the time that Mary was entrusted to his care. The first mention of the Protoevangelion is by Origen, who refers to the work as the **Book of James**. Many critics feel that the work is a composite of other works or existing traditions.

The Gospel of James was translated into Syriac, Ethiopic, Coptic, Georgian, Old Slavonic, Armenian, Arabic, Irish, and Latin. No early Latin versions are known, but it is relegated to the apocrypha in the Gelasian decretal. As with the canonical gospels, the vast majority of the manuscripts come from the tenth century or later. The earliest known manuscript of the text, a papyrus dating to the third or early fourth century, was found in 1958; it is kept in the Bodmer Library, Geneva (Papyrus Bodmer 5). Of the surviving Greek manuscripts, the fullest surviving text is a tenth century codex in the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris (Paris 1454).
Rome

**Rome** (Italian *Roma*) is the capital city of Italy, as well as its most populous city. Rome is located on the western side of the Italian Peninsula, on the east of the Tiber River. The total population of Rome is approximately 2.8 million. The territory of the independent state of the Vatican is entirely contained within Rome. It is the third most-visited tourist destination in the EU.

Rome, more than any other city, bears witness to both the past splendor of the pagan world and the triumph of Christianity. the History of the Catholic Church can be traced from its most remote origins to the Modern days. From Rome the announcers of the Gospel were first sent to the peoples of Europe, then to the whole world. Along with religion , the missionaries brought the best elements of ancient civilization, which Christian Rome had inherited and preserved during the vicissitudes that followed the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

Over time, the most noble art productions were added to the treasures of antiquity, which filled Rome with masterpieces of architecture, painting and sculpture. These exercise a powerful fascination on every soul endowed with artistic perception, but their full significance can be grasped only by those who, enlightened by the Catholic faith, are joined in its most profound intimacy with the spirit that pulsates in the heart of the Christian world .

On an administrative level, Rome is a special municipality  of 2 865 234 inhabitants, capital of the province of Rome and of the Lazio region and capital of the Italian Republic.

## References

1. ↑ Top 150 City Destinations London Leads the Way
2. ↑ Umberto Benigni ( 1912 ).
3. ↑ On 3 October 2010, "Roma Capitale" came into effect, a special territorial body, endowed with particular autonomy, which administers the municipal territory of Rome.
Judas

**Judas** may refer to:

## People

* Judas Iscariot the apostle of Jesus who betrayed him.
* Judah (son of Jacob), a patriarch
* Judas the Zealot, mentioned in the Epistle of the Apostles (Epistula Apostolorum), written in the 2nd century
* Judas of Galilee, also Judas of Gamala, Jewish revolt leader
* Judas, in whose house on the Street called Straight in Damascus Saul of Tarsus regained his sight
* Judas Thomas or Saint Thomas
* Judas Thaddaeus, one of the twelve apostles
* Judas Cyriacus, a man said to have assisted Helena of Constantinople to find the True Cross
* Judas Maccabeus, founder of the Hasmonean dynasty
* Judas Barsabbas, companion of the apostles Paul, Barnabas and Silas, emissary of the Church of Jerusalem to the Church at Antioch
Pope Linus

Pope St. Linus was the second pope of the Holy Catholic Church from c. 68 - c. 79 AD. St. Irenaeus says, "After the Holy Apostles founded and set the Church in order (in Rome) they gave over the exercise of the episcopal office to Linus. The same Linus is mentioned by St. Paul in his Epistle to Timothy. His successor was Anacletus."

## Early Bishops of Rome

The earliest witness to Linus's status as bishop was Irenaeus, who in about the year 180 wrote, "The blessed apostles, then, having founded and built up the Church, committed into the hands of Linus the office of the episcopate." The *Oxford Dictionary of Popes* interprets Irenaeus as classifying Linus as the first bishop of Rome. *Oxford Dictionary of Popes*, 2005 Linus is presented by Jerome as "the first after Peter to be in charge of the Roman Church and by Eusebius as "the first to receive the episcopate of the church at Rome, after the martyrdom of Paul and Peter". John Chrysostom wrote, "This Linus, some say, was second Bishop of the Church of Rome after Peter", while the *Liberian Catalogue* presents Peter as the first Bishop of Rome and Linus as his successor in the same office.

The *Liber Pontificalis* also presents a list that makes Linus the second in the line of bishops of Rome, after Peter, while also stating that Peter consecrated two bishops, Linus and Anacletus, for the priestly service of the community, devoting himself instead to prayer and preaching, and that it was to Clement that he entrusted the Church as a whole, appointing him as his successor. Tertullian too wrote of Clement as the successor of Peter. Jerome classified Clement as "the fourth bishop of Rome after Peter" (i.e., fourth in a series that included Peter), adding that, "most of the Latins think that Clement was second after the apostle."
The *Apostolic Constitutions* denote that Linus, who was consecrated by Paul, was the first bishop of Rome and was succeeded by Clement, who was ordained and consecrated by Peter. Cletus is considered Linus's successor by Irenaeus, and the others cited above, who present Linus either as the first bishop of Rome or, if they give Peter as the first, as the second.

## Papacy

Following the martyrdom of St. Peter, St. Linus wrote of the martyrdom of both Sts. Peter and Paul. St. Linus then succeeded St. Peter as the Vicar of Christ, the Pope. He reportedly created fifteen bishops and eighteen priests. He also drove many demons out of possessed persons by his faith and sanctity. The Liberian Catalogue and the Liber Pontificalis date Linus's episcopate to 56–67, during the reign of Nero, but Jerome dates it to 67–78, and Eusebius puts the end of his episcopate at the second year of the reign of Titus (80).

## Sources

* Catholic Encyclopedia Pope St. Linus
* A Catholic Life Pope Linus
* Wikipedia Pope Linus
* 2 Timothy 4:21
Coff Grainer

Delicious Meat-Full Cat (by Flea)

Little Coffee (by Mrs. Schruffle)

Milley

The Sueter Kids

Mr. Maleant (formerly)

***Cofflaite "Coff" Grainer*** is one of the protagonists in Coffe Grains. Is the most normal and relaxed of the trio.

## Appareance

Coff is an orange fur cat, with pink nose and sand fur around it, plus two little black eyes.. He weares a blue jogging suit, grey jeans, and brown sneakers.

This design was originally made in 2011 by an Wikia user named Linkin18 that later will make part of the project.

## Personality

He is a joy, happy cat, that acts serious if someone breaks the rules, but it's not a killjoy and tries that everyone gets fun in the situation around.

He is shown that in the past he haves an extreme fear of higness as seen in "A Way Too Coff". He likes going to his favourite aquatic park with his friends as seen in the same chapter.

He doesn't like too much to be overprotective or viceversa. Don't like too much also passing a lot of time with his grandma, but doesn't mean he don't want to, just to pass 2 or 3 hours with her is okey or him.

He also have got a female cousin named Marjorie as seen in "Good Coffners".

## Relationship

### Michi

Michi and Coff were great friends since they meet in the neighborhood and met they go to the same karate class, along with Lincer.

Michi is mostly Coff's "cool" part, as many times he tries to make him happy and not having the waited effects. Still, they show to be some of the greatest friends.

### Lincer

He and Lincer are also great friends since childhood. Thought, as with Michi, sometimes Coff can disagree with Lincer in aspects of intelligent and smart things. Lincer many times shows Coff his experiments, and Coff loves it.
Pope

The **pope** (from Latin: "papa" or "father" from Greek , pappas) also known as the **supreme pontiff** (from Latin pontifex maximus "greatest priest"), is the Proper Title of the Bishop of Rome, the *ex officio* leader of the worldwide Catholic Church. and Since 1929 Sovereign of the State of Vatican City, a sovereign city-state entirely enclaved by Rome.

The office of the pope is called the **Papacy**, and his ecclesiastical jurisdiction the **"Holy See"**. (*Sancta Sedes* in Latin) or **"The Apostolic See"**. It is the Holy See that is the sovereign entity of international law headquartered in the distinctively independent Vatican City State, established by the Lateran Treaty in 1929 between Italy and the Holy See to ensure its temporal, diplomatic, and spiritual independence. The primacy of the Bishop of Rome is largely derived from his role as the apostolic successor to Saint Peter, to whom primacy was conferred by Jesus, giving him the Keys of Heaven and the powers of "binding and loosing", naming him as the "rock" upon which the church would be built.

Besides be Bishop of the Holy See, certain other dignities are held by the pope as well as the supreme and universal pastorate: he is Archbishop of the Roman Province, Primate of Italy and the adjacent islands, and sole Patriarch of the Western Church. The Church's doctrine as to the pope was authoritatively declared in the First Vatican Council in the Constitution **"Pastor Aeternus"**. The four chapters of that Constitution deal respectively with the office of Supreme Head conferred on Saint Peter, the perpetuity of this office in the person of the Roman pontiff, the pope's jurisdiction over the faithful, and his supreme authority to define in all questions of faith and morals.

## References

1. ↑ "Christ's Faithful – Hierarchy, Laity, Consecrated Life: The episcopal college and its head, the pope". *Catechism of the Catholic Church*. Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 1993. http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/\_P2A.HTM#PZ. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
2. ↑ "Vatican City State – State and Government". Vaticanstate.va. Archived from the original on 22 July 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100722082631/http://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State\_and\_Government/. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
3. ↑ "Definition of Holy See"
4. ↑ Matthew 16:17-19
5. ↑ For Cyprian, "the Bishop of Rome is the direct heir of Peter, whereas the others are heirs only indirectly", and he insisted that "the Church of Rome is the root and matrix of the Catholic Church". see Meyendorff, John, ed. (1995) [1963]. The primacy of Peter: essays in ecclesiology and the early church (reprinted and rev. ed.). Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 978-0-88141-125-6.
6. ↑ DOGMATIC CONSTITUTION ON THE CHURCH LUMEN GENTIUM SOLEMNLY PROMULGATED BY HIS HOLINESS POPE PAUL VI ON NOVEMBER 21, 1964
7. ↑ COSTITUZIONE DOGMATICA PASTOR AETERNUS\* DEL SOMMO PONTEFICE PIO IX
Judas Thaddaeus

*Not to be confused with Judas Iscariot.*

* James
* Simeon

☀this wikia will be activated in 2020

## Notes

1. ↑ however much the Gospels may call Levi (Matthew), the son of Alphaeus, There is no mention in any Gospel or Letter that Matthew is the brother of James Minor like Peter and Andrew or John and James the Great, so it is possible that Matthew's father was a different alphaeus, that by coincidence had the same name

## References

1. ↑ John 14:22-24
2. ↑  Mark 2:14
3. ↑ Mark 3:18
4. ↑  Matthew 10:3
5. ↑ Acts 1:13
United Kingdom in EuroMusic Song Contest 8

Selection process
 Selected Song
 Final results

The **United Kingdom** participated in the eighth edition of the EuroMusic Song Contest. The Brittish broadcaster, BBC, was responsible for this edition.

## Selection process

This was the eighth edition that they participated in the contest. The broadcaster announced that they would perform in English.

They selected the song "*Storm*" was choosen to represend the UK in Athens.

## At EuroMusic Song Contest

The United Kingdom was drawn to perform nineth following The Netherlands and preceding Germany.

Due the bookmakers was the United Kingdom one of the countries with the most opportunities to win the show. During the voting is was clear that they would be not able to win the contest for a second time. However, they finished for the third time (and second time in a row) second.

### Voting

The voting during the final consisted of 50 percent public televoting and 50 percent from a jury deliberation. The jury consisted of five music industry professionals who were citizens of the country they represent. This jury was asked to judge each contestant based on: vocal capacity; the stage performance; the song's composition and originality; and the overall impression by the act. In addition, no member of a national jury could be related in any way to any of the competing acts in such a way that they cannot vote impartially and independently.

Below is a breakdown of points awarded to the United Kingdom and awarded by the United Kingdom in the final.

### Points awarded to the United Kingdom

* Malta
* Norway
* France
* Sweden
* Denmark
* Netherlands
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Finland
* Germany
* Spain
 5 points
Coffe Grains

***Coffe Grains*** is an animated American series released created by Paul Solis for Boingy Channel.

The show revolves around the neighbor friends (Coff, Michi and Lincer) who live many adventures. Sometimes try to got money or do everyday things going all in a disaster. In school, neighborhood, park or any other place, they live different fun adventures.

The series premiered February 13, 2011 after being delayed from his original 2008 premiere. Originally it will end in the third season, but Boingy ordered two more seasons making it ending in a Season 5.

The first episode along with the sister segment, "Facts You Have to Coff" were presented to Boingy which gived the first season 13 two-segment episodes.

BG, from the start, says that every month there will be 4 episodes (meaning, 8 segments) released. This means that in a year, were aproximatelly made 2 seasons and a third of Season 3.

Season 1 was made around February 13, 2011 to May 8, 2011.
Coffee Grains The Complete Third Season

Coffee Grains ***- The Complete Third Season*** is a DVD compilation of Season 3 of *Coffee Grains*. There are no special features present. Currently, seasons one and two are the only compilations to be released on DVD in North America. The Complete Third, Fourth and Fifth Season DVDs were exclusively released in Japan by Mitsuriko Video Company. Western audiences can only access downloads of the subsequent seasons via iTunes.

## Episodes

* *"Coffs in My Shoes" / "Take Care of My Coffs"*
* *"Flu Coffine" / "Pardon My Coff"*
* *"Traffic Coffet" / "E-Coff-Logic Bags"*
* *"Whistle Coff" / "A Coffity to Administer"*
* *"We Wouldn't Coffender" / "X-Coff Poverty"*
* *"Coffer Warning" / "Under Cover Coff"*
* *"Someday'll Coff Together" / "Lights, Coffera, Action!"*
* *"Hard Coffs" / "Coffinors Only"*
* *"At The Top of Da' Coff" / "Coff Coff Never End"*
* *"Down, Down, Coff and Up" / "Curiosity Coffed the Cat"*
* *"Clogged Coff" / "As Coff Saying Gone"*
* *"Happy New Coff" / "Coff, the Answer Please"*
* *"Coff in a Nutshell" / "Earth-Coff-e"*
Many Coffs Ago

**"Many Coffs Ago"** is the 24th episode of Season 3 and the 76th episode of Coffe Grains. In this episode, Coff and his friends have to act showing the prehistoric times, but soon, the "creativity" takes them and Coff and Lincer become acting like prehistoric men, and Michi becomes acting like a dinosaur.
Coffe Grains Vol.1: Coffed Adventures

**Coffee Grains Vol. 1: Coffed Adventures** is a DVD compilation of six *Coffee Grains* episodes from Season 1 and Season 2. It was released in the United States (Region 1) in January 8, 2012 and the United Kingdom (Region 2) in 2014.

## Preview

Boingy Channel announced the DVD in December 18, 2011, with a commercial announcing it was the "very first *Coffee Grains* DVD to be released". Many fans get hyped. *Coffed Adventures* consists from six episodes from Season 1 and Season 2, it runs 77 minutes and has some extra features.

## Overview

The menus are designed to match the artwork style of the TV series, utilizing very similar backgrounds and lettering. The main menu offers the standard options found on most DVDs - watch the episodes, change the language (options are French, Spanish, and English), watch the 'Sweet Bonus', or watch some trailers of other Boingy Chanell series.

## Sweet Bonus

* *Eliminated Scene:* Two deleted scenes of the series ()
* How To Be Cool; Coff Style: Coff showing the viewers how to be cool, but at him and his friends' style, which is kind of different to others.
* Flea-Sized Episodes!: Clips from past episodes that shows Flea, but now is in Flea's perspective instead of the trio.
* Music Video: "The Good Ol' Man": The act shown in "*Cofftory is Interesting*" but now using a video clip and clips of past episodes.

## Episodes

### Season 1

* "Thousand Eyes Coff": Michi tells his friends the story about the Thousand Eyes Monster, and is strangely becoming true, step by step!
* "Soda Coff": Coff tastes a coffee soda and he, Michi and Lincer decide start creating and selling their own.
* "Everything Coffs in Nothing": The trio ends up in a door world. Of all 100 doors, one lets them out, the other contains the three's worst phobias.

### Season 2

* "Look at the Coff": While playing marclebs, the three destroy Mrs. Schroffle's garden and they have to fix-it-all
* "Refusin' a Coffer": Coff watches many old things at his garage and decides to make a market.
* "Coffs and Legends": Coff and Michi try to show that at least one myth or legend is actually true.
A Coff in Board

Paul Solis

***A Coff in Board*** is the 7th episode of Season 4 and the 85th episode of Coffe Grains. In this episode, Michi tries to teach Coff and Lincer how to use skates, but soon they all get lost each one in a different street/place. Now everyone has to join using their skate habilities, althought be in distance will not be the only trouble.
Coff in a Nutshell

**Coff in a Nutshell** is the 73th episode of Coffee Grains and the 21st episode of Season 3. In this episode, Coff, Michi, Lincer and the others are in a war in the square with the gang "Jelly-Da-Strawberry." Everyone goes to Coff's house to use things that serve them, and they discover some characteristics of Coff's personality.
Whistle Coff

**Whistle Coff** is the 59th episode of Coffee Grains and the 7th episode of Season 3. In this episode, Michi obtains money from breaking his old piggy bank. He doesn't know what to buy, so he buy what "every kid wants"; a neck bell. This annoys all the kids in the neighborhood as it's night time and everyone connects themselves to make a plan to remove Michi's bell.
Prison Survivors

## Rosters

### Playable

1. Beatrice Kidman
2. Boris Avandeyev
3. Channarong Ornlamai
4. Damien West
5. **El Fuego**
6. **Giovanni Sauvigni**
7. Kamla Gupta
8. Lloyd Buchanan
9. Maggie Rose
10. **Rhee Yeong-gi**
11. Roy Hannibal
12. **Sang Nheun**
13. **Todd West**
14. Trapper
15. Vicente González
16. Warden Jackson
17. Yoshiko Nonaka
18. Zhiming Long

### Hidden

1. Big Henry
2. Colonel Miller
3. Crazy Mike
4. Sack Mask Joe
Michi

Jelly

***Michi*** is the second protagonist from Coffe Grains and is the most cool, relaxed and fun-searching one.

## Appareance

Michi wears a green "grass" sueter, a brown jean, and a pair of black shoes. His pijama is actually blue and a "space-styled" one.

Michi has a gray fur, black nose, black eyes. His fur seems to be ever perfect and not disordered, except sometimes.

## Personality

Michi is probably the most relaxed of the friends trio, althought Coff is also kind of, but not so as him. Michi usually break some of the rules just to get himself fun and for his friends.

Michi tries to show Coff and Lincer the cool and fun side of their lifes at the neighborhood, differencing him from Coff and especially Lincer, which is more serious.

He can get truly angry when someone removes him his personal stuff (*Whistle Coff**, Under Cover Coff)*, and he will ever try everything to get his stuff again.

He is truly fan from fire rockets, sound-things, red lights and pillow fights. In the first season, Michi seems to be a total rule breaker and don't worring about consequences, but later while expanding his character he become bit more disciplined.

## Family

Not much is know about Michi's family, althought, he recurrently mentions his mom and dad in episodes, even when he's not around someone. The only familiars seen were Camylee (first seen in "Take Care of My Coffs") and Fishy (seen in "Those Coff are Heartless"). Camylee is mainly his baby female sister, meanwhile Fishy is his pet.

While Michi sometimes gets annoyed by Camylee as is hard to take care of him, he has no trouble with Fishy and he even worries a lot for him.

## Lines

* "Look how high it is!" --- "A Way Too Coff"
Instinctive Coff

***Instinctive Coff*** is the 9th episode of Season 4 and the 87th episode of Coffe Grains. In this episode, Coff goes "wild marshmallows" hunting and goes with Michi and Lincer. Coff and his friends use various techniques known. All goes well, until they find they we're hunting in a park where the marshmallows we're protected.
Coff Morning

**"Coff Morning"** is the 6th episode of Season 1 and the 5th episode of *Coffee Grains.* In this episode, Coff discovers he could get extra recess by being the first one in end the school activities, so he stars using trap papers. When Lincer discovers this, he tries to teach Coff that the extra recess have to be winned by the force and enthusiam rather than traps.
Липовецкий уезд

* Александровка
* Андрушевка
* Бабин
* Балабановка
* Бачкурин
* Билки
* Богдановка
* Бондуры
* Борисовка
* Вернин
* Гоноратка
* Гордиевка
* Даньковка
* Дашев
* Джуринцы
* Должок
* Дубровинцы
* Дубровка
* Жаданы
* Животовка
* Жорнище
* Зарубинцы
* Зарудье
* Зозов
* Зозовка
* Зубриха
* Иваньки
* Ивахны
* Ильинцы (Линцы)
* Кабатня
* Кальник
* Камянка
* Кантелина
* Китайгород
* Княжа Криница
* Княжики
* Кожанка
* Конела
* Конельская Поповка
* Копиевка
* Кошланы
* Красненьке
* Криштоповка
* Купиевата
* Купчинцы
* Леськова
* **Липовец**
* Луговая
* Лукашевка
* Лыса Гора
* Люлинцы
* Лядская Слобода
* Медовка
* Монастырища
* Нападовка
* Неменка
* Новоселки
* Оратов
* Оратовка
* Очеретня
* Очитков
* Павловкаулановка
* Париевка
* Пархомовка
* Плисков
* Подвысокое
* Половинчик
* Попудня
* Растовка Великая
* Растовка Малая
* Росоша
* Сабаровка
* Салогубовка
* Сарны
* Ситковцы
* Скиток
* Стрижаков
* Тарнав
* Терлица
* Тодоровка
* Троща
* Тягун
* Улоговата
* Франтовка
* Халаидова
* Хейлова
* Хмелевка
* Хреновка
* Цыбермановка
* Цыбулев
* Чагов
* Чернявка
* Шабастова
* Юровцы
* Юшковцы
* Яблоновица
* Якубовка
* Яструбинцы
* Яцковица
Facts You Have to Coff

***Facts You Have to Coff*** is the second episode of Season 1 and the 2nd episode of Coffe Grains. In this episode, Michi and Lincer discover Coff's embarrasing secrets diary and have to take a decition, if told everyone to be popular or keep their friendship.

## Plot

One day, at Coff's house, the trio is just playing some video games. Coff says that he will down just a second to get some berry drinks. Michi and Lincer then decide to look out Coff's bedroom. Among all, they found a book called "Coffs Diary".

While reading it, they found some embarrasing secrets. Some of the secrets are:

* **Coff has a rare case in which if he listen to a horn, he will clean the toilet with his head:** We see Coff in a garage, putting all boxes in order, soon, he accidentally leaves a box on a horn, which causes the horn to don't stop sounding. He then runs to bathroom and, kinda forced, puts his face in the toilet, exclaming that at least nobody "came to the throne". He says that he stay there 2 entire days until the box falled off and he remove his head.
* **Coff tried to reveal in front of Griffles multiple times:** We see Griffles and company in recess, in a corner of the hall. Coff goes to them, and seems angry. Soon he begins to fight, but fastly Griffles throw him to the trash can.
Coffee Grains The Complete First Season

***Coffee Grains - The Complete First Season*** is a DVD compilation of Season 1 of Coffee Grains. It was released in North America (Region 1) in September 16, 2014. It was later released in Australia (Region 4) in November 4, 2015. As of February 8, 2017, the season is available to buy on the USA Amazon, for $18.99, or just one episode, to $1.99.

## Episodes

1. *"A Way Too Coff" / "Facts You Have to Coff"*
2. *"Stay Coff" / "Thousand Eyes Coff"*
3. *"Just a Bit of Coff More" / "Coff Morning"*
4. *"Avoid Cofftact with Eyes" / "Coffer of the Bride"*
5. *"More than Coffthing" / "Coff Be a Liar"*
6. *"Coffpany Profile" / "Deep Coff-leaning"*
7. *"Too Late for Die Coff" / "How He Founds, Cofftor?"*
8. *"Those Coff are Heartless" / "In the Middle of Coff-where"*
9. *"Cofftory is Interesting" / "You Think I'm Cofftupid?"*
10. *"Coff for Fun" / "A Coff in the Wall"*
11. *"Let Me Coff Ya Around" / "Soda Coff"*
12. *"I Coff Up Like This" / "Coff Too Long"*
13. *"You're Coff-te-ful" / "Everything Coffs in Nothing"*
Flea

**Flea** is a vicious, angry-temparated, wild flea pet.

## Looking and Personality

Flea seems a lot like old-cartoons bugs and flea. He is just black with spiky teeths. Is the most simple-drawing character in the whole series.

Unknown why, Flea is very vicious, especially to Coff Grainer and his two friends. In "Pardon My Coff", its explained that the only one in which Flea acts quiet to is his owner, Mrs. Schroffle.
Thomas Aquinas

*This article or section is **incomplete**. It is more than a **stub**, but does not yet include a sufficient summary of the subject matter. You can help Catechism Database by **expanding it***.

University of Naples;

## References

1. ↑ Thomas Aquinas Life

This Person was a Doctor of the Church, a Saint. who also helped to improve The Social Doctrine of the Church.
This template will categorize articles that include it into Doctors of the Church.
Stay Coff

***Stay Coff*** is the 3rd episode of Coffe Grains and the first season. In this episode, Coff visits his grandma and she makes him a new, embarrasing sueter. Coff decides to don't hurt his grandma's feelings and using it, at least until he enters in school we're he tries to hide it.

## Plot

Coff wokes up from his bed, and goes directly to first floor to eat breakfast. Then, his grandma directs to him. She reveals that Coff actually visited his grandma. As Coff eats his breakfast, he ends up and goes to bathroom to clean his teeths.

When he end, he runs to sofa and throws himself, waiting until the time of school open. His grandma gives him a surprise; a new, pink, sueter, with a heart in the middle.

Coff is surprised, but not in a "good" way. As he imagines how embarrasing will be using that sueter. This afraids Coff a lot. Her grandma says soon he made it "with heart": Coff, bit of forced, uses the sueter to don't hurt her feelings. Then, the clock marks up 8.30hs from the morning.

He walks to the school, trying a lot that nobody seems it. Then, he comes across Lincer, who seems it, but he doesn't laugh. Lincer explains that he will visit Michi, as he is sick. Coff, fastly, says him that he will go school meanwhile. Coff is in front of the school. Before entering, he removes his sueter, and enters, hiding it behind is t-shirt.

When he enters, the lump from the sueter is truly notable, so he decides to hide it in a flower pot. But soon, he hears that a pair of alumns hide some money in the same pot, so fastly, catches the sueter and takes it with him. Hiding, Coff thinks in a much better place to hide the Sueter. Soon he discovers that once he hided some used bubblegum in a special place, in an old, no-more-used closet. The darkness is much, so nobody will note it never. Hides it. Coff is happy but soon the cleaning man uses the closet. Coff fastly goes and distracts the cleaning man, saying him that someone have got a big "food throwing" accident.

Coff removes the sueter and run and run. Soon, he pushes accidentally another kid. But when Coff sees him, he looks that he is wearing a blue sueter with the phrase "I (heart) Grandma". Then, a group of more kids go with sueters, with loving phrases. Coff gets wondered and confosed. One of the kids ask Coff that he also wears sueters, saying "Yes!". The kids say him that he shouldn't be embarrased for that, and better aprecciate it. If he ends embarrased, he can just told his grandma. Everyone then tells different benefits from wearing sueters. Then, the kid puts Coff a "Sueter Group Member", Coff then begins to be happy and smile, ending the episode.

## Trivia

* This is the first time Michi doesn't appear in an episode.
* This is Mike Jones's favourite episode to the date.
Earth-Coff-e

**Earth-Coff-e** is the 74th episode of Coffee Grains and the 22nd episode of Season 3. In this episode, Coff and Lincer prank Michi approaching an unused invention, making him to believe that there will be an earthquake soon. Until they find out that Michi has warned everyone and that the prank "go to Michi's side"
Каневский уезд

Баранье Поле

Березняги

Беркозовка

Биевцы

Бобрица

Богуслав

Бородани

Бровахи

Букрин Малый

Вахутинцы

Выграев

Гарбузин

Голяки

Григоров

Грищинцы

Грушев

Дацки

Демовщина

Дешки

Дмитренки

Дыбинцы

Емчиха

Зеленьки

Исайки

**Канев**

Карапыши

Квитки

Кидановка

Ключники

Козин

Комаровка

Корниловка

Корсунь

Костянец

Кошмаков

Красногородка

Куриловка

Литвинец

Македоны

Мартиновка

Масловка

Медвин

Мельники

Микитяне

Мироновка

Мисайловка

Москаленки

Нетеребка

Николаевка

Ольховец

Певцы

Песчальники

Петрушки

Пии

Пилява

Пишки

Полствин

Потапцы

Поток

Прицки Великие

Пустовойты

Пшеничники

Ромашки

Росава

Самородня

Сахновка

Селище

Семигоры

Сидоровка

Синица

Синявка

Сотники

Стеблев

Степанцы

Сухин

Сытники

Таганча

Тараща

Трахтемиров

Тростянец

Трощин

Тулинцы

Хильки

Хировка

Ходоров

Хохитва

Чайки

Черныши

Шандра

Шендеровка

Шупики

Эдем [Селище]

Юхны

Яблунев

Яблуневка

Яновка

Яхны

Яцюки