日光采集，第三部分：设计与应用（2）

**以下译文来自109-金巴力**

AIA/CES Provider Number: 50111167

EE201: Daylight Harvesting, Part 3: Design and Application (2)

Course Number: 000000002013

Educator: Craig DiLouie, LC

AIA/CES供应商编号：50111167。

EE201: 日光收集，第3部分：设计和应用(2)

课程编号: 000000002013

教育家：Craig DiLouie, LC

### **EDUCATION CREDIT**

At the end of this course, participants will be able to complete an online exam, with a passing grade of 70+% to qualify for CALCTP (CALCTP), NLCAA (NLCAA) and LEU (NCQLP) credit and 80+% for LU/HSW hours (AIA/CES). Upon a passing grade, you will be able to download a Certificate of Completion for each type of credits. For CALCTP, NLCAA and LC certification maintenance (LEUs), credits are self-reported. For AIA /CES, Lighting Controls Association will report credit earned for this course to AIA CES.

### **NO ENDORSEMENT BY ACCREDITING ORGANIZATIONS**

This course is registered with CALCTP, NCQLP and AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by these organizations of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.

### **教育学分**

在本课程结束后，学员将能够完成一个在线考试，CALCTPCALCTP、NLCAA(NLCAA)和LEU(NCQLP)的合格成绩为70+%，LU/HSW学时(AIA/CES)的合格成绩为80％以上。成绩合格后，您将能够下载每种学分的结业证书。对于CALCTP、NLCAA和LC认证维护（LEUs），学分是自报的。对于AIA/CES，照明控制协会将向AIA CES报告本课程的学分。

### **未经认证机构认可**

本课程已在加州理工学院、NCQLP和AIA CES注册，用于继续专业教育。因此，它不包括可能被视为或解释为这些组织对任何施工材料或任何处理、使用、分发或处理任何材料或产品的方法或方式的批准或认可的内容。

### **COPYRIGHT**

This presentation is protected by US and International copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the Lighting Controls Association is prohibited.

### **DISCLAIMER**

The information contained in this course has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. Damages arising from errors, omissions or damages as a result of the use or misuse of the data or information contained in this course are not the responsibility of the Lighting Controls Association, National Electrical Manufacturers Association, ZING Communications, Inc. or their employees or members. All information contained in this course is published for professionals seeking information about the subjects contained therein. It is not the intent of this course provide professional services such as design, engineering or consulting. If these services are sought, they should be rendered by properly trained, registered, regulated and insured professionals.

### **版权声明**

本演示文稿受美国和国际版权法保护。未经照明控制协会的书面许可，禁止复制、分发、展示和使用本演示文稿。

### **免责声明**

本课程中包含的信息是从被认为可靠的来源获得的。由于使用或误用本课程中包含的数据或信息而导致的错误、遗漏或损害，照明控制协会、美国国家电气制造商协会、ZING通信公司或其员工或会员不承担任何责任。本课程中包含的所有信息是为寻求其中所含主题信息的专业人士而发布的。本课程的目的不是提供专业服务，如设计、工程或咨询。如果需要这些服务，则应由经过适当培训、注册、监管和投保的专业人士提供。

### **COURSE DESCRIPTION**

Daylight Harvesting, Part 2: Design and Application (1) and Part 3: Design and Application (2) describe a simple process for design and application of lighting controls used to enact energy-saving daylight harvesting control strategies. Part 3 educates participants about control zoning, photosensor technology, the importance of deadband, and types of control systems. At the end of the course, participants will have general knowledge needed to begin designing a daylight harvesting control strategy.

Daylighting, the use of daylight as a primary source of general illumination in a space, has become a more important feature of mainstream construction due to the sustainable design movement. Numerous studies over the last 50 years attest to the importance of daylight in design. Research indicates that daylight can improve user satisfaction/performance and retail sales. These characteristics can make daylighted buildings more valuable and marketable.

Daylighting also enables daylight harvesting, a control strategy that has been demonstrated to generate up to 70 percent lighting energy savings. A daylight harvesting system decreases electric light contribution as daylight contribution increases.

### **课程描述**

日光采集，第二部分：设计和应用（1）和第三部分：设计和应用（2）描述了一个简单的照明控制设计和应用过程，用于实施节能日光采集控制策略。第3部分教育学员了解控制分区、光传感器技术、死区的重要性以及控制系统的类型。在课程结束时，学员将掌握开始设计日光采集控制策略所需的一般知识。

日光照明，即使用日光作为空间内一般照明的主要来源，由于可持续设计运动，已经成为主流建筑的一个重要特征。过去50年的大量研究证明了日光在设计中的重要性。研究表明，日光可以提高用户满意度/性能和零售额。这些特点可以使日光建筑更有价值和市场。

日光照明还可以实现日光采集，这种控制策略已经被证明可以节省70%的照明能源。日光采集系统会随着日光贡献的增加而减少电光贡献。

### **LEARNING OBJECTIVES**

At the end of the course, participants will be able to:

define the importance of control zoning, or the assigning of lighting loads to daylight harvesting controllers.

appropriately zone controls in a daylight harvesting application based on a number of factors, including daylight availability (sidelighted versus toplighted spaces) and energy codes. Participants will be introduced to a free photosensor placement tool they can use for their designs.

articulate the basic parameters for selecting photosensors, including wireless sensors, and determining deadband, which prevents overly frequent dimming or switching.

benefit from general knowledge about control system architectures available for daylight harvesting, with recommendations for designing the most responsive, simplest system.

### **学习目的**

课程结束后，学员将能够：

定义控制分区的重要性，或将照明负荷分配给采光控制器。

在采光应用程序中，基于一系列因素进行适当的区域控制，包括日光可用性（侧照与顶照空间）和能源代码。参加者将被介绍一个免费的光电传感器放置工具，他们可以使用他们的设计。

阐明选择光传感器（包括无线传感器）和确定死区的基本参数，以防止过度频繁的调光或切换。

受益于有关日光采伐的控制系统架构的一般知识，以及设计响应最快、最简单的系统的建议。

### **DECISION PROCESS**

This Learning Module focuses on determining control zoning and equipment selection.

### **CONTROL ZONING**

A control zone is one or a group of lamps controlled simultaneously by a single controller. Zoning is a critical design decision. Poor zoning, in fact, is one of the most common mistakes in lighting and control system design.

### **控制分区**

控制区是由一个控制器同时控制的一个或一组灯。分区是一个关键的设计决策。实际上，糟糕的分区是照明和控制系统设计中最常见的错误之一。

### **CONTROL ZONING: DAYLIGHT AVAILABILITY**

In review, a daylight zone is an area of consistent daylight availability, while a daylight harvesting control zone is general lighting within a daylight zone that is separately controlled for the purpose of daylight harvesting. When designing a daylight harvesting control system, control zones should be properly aligned with daylight zones, as shown here. Note that control zones can be smaller than daylight zones—with zoning as granular and responsive as single light fixtures.

If the control system will be hardwired, lighting circuit wiring will need to be planned around daylight sources, enabling logical groupings of light fixtures to be separately controlled. If the control system will be built on a digital architecture, this is not important, as zoning is defined via system programming, not hardwiring. Image courtesy of the New Buildings Institute

### **控制分区：白天可用性**

在回顾中，日光区域是指具有一致的日光可用性的区域，而采光控制区域是指日光区域内的一般照明，该区域为采光而单独控制。在设计采光控制系统时，控制区应与采光区正确对齐，如图所示。请注意，控制区可以比日光区小，分区如同单个照明设备一样具有颗粒状和响应性。

如果控制系统采用硬接线，照明电路布线将需要围绕日光源进行规划，从而使灯具的逻辑分组能够单独控制。如果控制系统将建立在数字架构上，这并不重要，因为分区是通过系统编程而不是硬接线来定义的。

### **CONTROL ZONING: WINDOWED SPACES**

For sidelighted spaces, a traditional rule of thumb was that a primary daylight zone can be established up to 15 ft. deep from a window, and a secondary zone 15-25 ft. deep into the space. This thinking is changing, as reflected in the latest generation of energy codes and standards, to a depth of 1 x window height (floor to top of window) for a primary daylight zone, and 2 x window height for a secondary daylight zone.

### **控制分区：带窗空间**

对于侧照空间，一个传统的经验法则是，一个主采光区可以在距离窗户15英尺深的地方建立，而第二个采光区可以在15-25英尺深的空间内建立。正如最新一代的能源规范和标准所反映的，这种思维方式正在发生变化，一级采光区的窗高（从地板到窗顶）为1倍，次采光区为2倍窗高。

### **CONTROL ZONING: SKYLIGHTED SPACES**

For spaces toplighted with skylights, a rule of thumb is that a primary daylight zone can be established as the skylight length or width plus 1/2 the ceiling height on each side, and a secondary zone as the skylight length or width plus the ceiling height on each side.

### **控制区划：天光空间**

对于有天窗的顶光空间，一个经验法则是，可以将天窗的长度或宽度加上两侧天花板高度的1/2确定为一级日照区，将天窗的长度或宽度加上两侧天花板高度确定为二级日照区。

### **CONTROL ZONING: ENERGY CODES**

Energy codes and standards are now beginning to regulate the minimum size of control zones.

ASHRAE 90.1-2010, for example, defines a sidelighted daylight zone as:

WIDTH = window width plus 2 ft. on either side, limited only by 60+ in. partitions, by

### **控制分区：能源规范**

能源法规和标准现在开始规定控制区的最小尺寸。

例如，ASHRAE 90.1-2010将侧光日光带定义为：

宽度=窗户宽度加上两侧2英尺，仅限60+英寸。分区，依据

DEPTH: one window height (distance from floor to top of window), limited only by 60+ in. partitions.

Contiguous windows produce a single daylight zone. Any electric lighting in the daylight zone must be controlled separately from other general lighting in the space.

Some codes recognize a secondary zone that goes beyond the boundaries of the primary zone; daylight harvesting in the secondary zone may result in power adjustment credits the designer can use to increase the lighting power density for the controlled load.

深度：一个窗户高度（从地板到窗户顶部的距离），仅限于60+英寸。分区。

相邻的窗户产生一个日光区域。采光区的任何电气照明必须与空间内的其他一般照明分开控制。

一些规范识别出一个超出主要区域边界的二级区域；二级区域的采光可能会导致功率调整积分，设计者可以使用该信用额度来增加受控负载的照明功率密度。

### **CONTROL ZONING TOOL**

This schematic drawing shows control zones with associated control equipment and strategies. This type of design tool can simply articulate what control devices control what lighting with a clearly expressed sequence of operations. (Patterns may be substituted for colors for printing black and white documents.) The clearer and more detailed the design documents are, the more likely the contractor will install and set up the system according to the design intent.

### **控制分区工具**

这张示意图显示了控制区与相关控制设备和策略。这类设计工具可以简单地用清晰表达的操作顺序来阐述什么控制设备控制什么照明。(打印黑白文件时可以用图案代替颜色)。设计文件越清晰、越详细，承包商就越有可能按照设计意图来安装和设置系统。

### **PHOTOSENSORS**

Now it is time to select equipment. A primary component of the daylight harvesting control system is the photosensor, which measures light levels and provides this information to the controller, which in turn maintains a target level based on its algorithm.

Photosensors may be mounted on the ceiling, wall or as an integrated component of open, louvered and direct/indirect light fixtures. The visible size of these sensors ranges from a quarter to a standard light switch.

### **光电传感器**

现在是选择设备的时候了。日光采集控制系统的一个主要组成部分是光传感器，它测量光照水平，并将此信息提供给控制器，控制器再根据其算法维持目标水平。

光传感器可以安装在天花板、墙壁上，或者作为开放式、百叶式和直接/间接照明装置的集成组件。这些传感器的可见尺寸从四分之一到一个标准灯开关不等。

### **PHOTOSENSORS: RANGE OF RESPONSE**

A key characteristic of photosensors is its range of response, which describes the range of light levels to which the system can actively and accurately respond. A given photosensor may be limited in the range of light levels it is able to detect. The designer should ensure that the range of response is properly matched to the application. An open loop photosensor may need to have a range of 500 to 6,000 footcandles, for example, while a closed loop photosensor may only have a 10 to 100 footcandle range.

### **光传感器：响应范围**

光传感器的一个关键特性是它的响应范围，它描述了系统能够主动和准确响应的光级别范围。一个给定的光传感器可能被限制在它能够检测到的光的范围内。设计者应确保响应范围与应用程序相匹配。例如，开环光电传感器可能需要500到6000英尺烛光的范围，而闭环光电传感器可能只有10到100英尺烛光的范围。

### **PHOTOSENSORS: SPATIAL RESPONSE**

Another key characteristic of photosensors is spatial response, also called angular sensitivity, which describes the sensor's sensitivity to light from different directions (greatest when facing the light source directly) and defines its field of view—what it "sees," in effect. This is determined by the design of the optical system that gathers and delivers light to it. Some sensors provide an adjustable feature to block direct sunlight from the field of view

### **光传感器：空间响应**

光传感器的另一个关键特性是空间响应，也称为角灵敏度，它描述了传感器对来自不同方向的光的敏感度（当直接面对光源时最大），并定义了它的视场，实际上它“看到”了什么。这是由光学系统的设计决定的，光学系统收集并传送光给它。有些传感器提供了一个可调节的功能来阻挡视野中的阳光直射。

### **PHOTOSENSORS: SPATIAL RESPONSE**

The narrower the spatial response, the more closely the photosensor responds to the brightness of the surface at which it is aimed. If the field of view is too broad, the photosensor may detect light where it shouldn't, such as detecting direct sunlight near or outside a window, and thereby possibly reduce the lights below what is intended. If the field of view is too narrow, the photosensor may become too sensitive to changes in brightness within a localized area, and raise or lower the lights incorrectly.

### **光传感器：空间响应**

空间响应越窄，光传感器对所瞄准表面的亮度的响应就越紧密。如果视场太宽，光电传感器可能会在不该探测到的地方探测到光线，例如探测窗户附近或窗外的直射阳光，从而可能将光线降低到预期的以下。如果视野太窄，光传感器可能会对局部区域内亮度的变化过于敏感，从而错误地提高或降低灯光。

### **PHOTOSENSORS: DEADBAND**

And another key characteristic of photocontrol systems is deadband, a range of detected light levels at which the control system will do nothing so as to prevent overly frequent switching when using a switching system. The high setpoint is the point at which the lights will be turned OFF, and the bottom setpoint back ON. The control system may also feature a programmable time delay to minimize nuisance switching.

### **光电传感器：死区**

光控系统的另一个关键特性是死区，即当使用开关系统时，控制系统将不采取任何措施来防止过度频繁的开关。高设定值是指灯将关闭，而底部设定值将重新打开的点。控制系统还可以具有可编程的延时，以尽量减少干扰切换。

### **WIRELESS SENSORS**

Radio-frequency (RF) wireless photosensors are now available for commercial building applications where the cost of running control wires is too costly or simply not possible, such as outdoor lighting, parking garages, warehouses and retrofits. Simply place the photosensor on the ceiling and replace the light switch with a wireless switch or dimmer. No new wiring is required; the photosensor communicates wirelessly to the switch or dimmer to automatically adjust light levels when sufficient daylight is present.

### **无线传感器**

射频(RF)无线光传感器现在可用于户外照明、停车场、仓库和改造等成本过高或根本不可能铺设控制线的商业建筑应用。只需将光传感器放置在天花板上，然后用无线开关或调光器取代灯光开关。无需新的布线；光传感器通过无线方式与开关或调光器通信，在日光充足的情况下自动调节光照度。

### **CENTRALIZED CONTROL**

In a centralized system, lighting control panels are located in electrical rooms and require "home run" wiring to each controlled load. A centralized approach can be cost-effective for larger control zones. Because daylight harvesting requires the ability to respond in a more granular fashion, centralized control may be problematic.

### **集中控制**

在一个集中系统中，照明控制面板位于电气室中，并且要求每个受控负载都采用“本垒”接线。对于较大的控制区域，集中化方法可能是经济高效的。因为采光需要以更细粒度的方式响应，集中控制可能会有问题。

### **DISTRIBUTED CONTROL**

In a distributed system, the controllers are located near the loads they control, which can simplify wiring, reduce installation costs and increase flexibility and responsiveness. Distributed control is ideal for smaller spaces and more granular zoning in large spaces. In this skylighted warehouse example, the photosensors connect directly to each distributed controller or digital ballast.

### **分布式控制**

在分布式系统中，控制器位于其控制的负载附近，这可以简化布线、降低安装成本并提高灵活性和响应能力。分布式控制对于较小的空间和较大空间中更细粒度的分区非常理想。在这个天窗仓库的例子中，光传感器直接连接到每个分布式控制器或数字镇流器。

### **ANALOG CONTROL**

In an analog system, photosensor adjustments are difficult to implement, which affects whether they get done. A line-voltage wall switch is provided in this space for manual space control, but it cannot be programmed and it cannot override the photosensor. All of this means a common remedy for unsatisfied occupants will be to disable the sensor, eliminating the control strategy.

### **模拟控制**

在模拟系统中，光传感器的调整很难实现，这就影响了是否能完成。在这个空间里提供了一个线电压墙开关，用于手动控制空间，但它不能编程，不能覆盖光传感器。所有这些都意味着，对于不满意的住户，常见的补救措施是禁用传感器，取消控制策略。

### **DIGITAL CONTROL**

In this digital system, measured light levels are communicated digitally to the distributed controller, which controls the lights based on preset targets. Occupants can override the photosensor by using programmable low-voltage manual controls. The entire system can be programmed, calibrated and adjusted over a network, with no tools and ladders. Zoning can be as small as the lighting covered by a distributed controller—e.g., a single ballast or light fixture; these small loads can be grouped into larger zones as needed. As space needs change, the lighting can be rezoned without rewiring.

### **数字控制**

在这个数字系统中，测量到的光照水平以数字方式传达给分布式控制器，控制器根据预设目标控制灯光。居住者可以通过使用可编程的低压手动控制来覆盖光传感器。整个系统可以通过网络进行编程、校准和调整，无需工具和梯子。分区的范围可以小到分布式控制器所覆盖的照明--例如，单个镇流器或灯具；这些小负载可以根据需要分成更大的区域。随着空间需求的变化，可以对照明进行重新分区，而无需重新布线。

### **YOU'RE FINISHED**

This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course Daylight Harvesting, Part 3: Design and Application (2). Please take a moment to provide feedback about your experience with this course. You may also take the Comprehension Test to test your learning and to qualify for CALCTP (CALCTP), LEU (NCQLP LC) and LU/HSW (AIA CES) credit. A 70+% passing grade is required for LEU and CALCTP credit and 80+% for AIA CES credit. Upon passing the test, you may download a Certificate of Completion on the Courses page. If you are an AIA member, please email your course completion certificate to LCA with your AIA number.

EE201: Daylight Harvesting - Design and Application (2)

### **你完成了**

美国建筑师协会继续教育系统课程日光收集，第3部分：设计和应用（2）到此结束。请花点时间提供有关本课程经验的反馈。您还可以参加理解测试，以测试您的学习情况，并有资格获得CALCTP（CALCTP），LEU（NCQLP LC）和LU/HSW（AIA CES）学分。LEU和CALCTP学分要求70％以上的合格成绩，AIA CES学分要求80％以上的合格成绩。通过考试后，您可以在课程页面下载结业证书。如果您是AIA会员，请将您的课程结业证书和您的AIA编号一起发到LCA。

EE201: 日光收集-设计和应用 (2)