Elon Musk

Business magnate (born 1971)Template:SHORTDESC:Business magnate (born 1971)

* CEO and product architect of Tesla, Inc.
* Founder of The Boring Company and X.com (now part of PayPal)
* Co-founder of Neuralink, OpenAI, and Zip2
 Spouses | * Justine Wilson(m. 2000; div. 2008)
* Talulah Riley(m. 2010; div. 2012)
* Kimbal Musk (brother)

**Elon Reeve Musk** FRS (/ˈiːlɒn/; born June 28, 1971) is an entrepreneur, investor, media proprietor and business magnate. He is the founder, CEO, and Chief Engineer at SpaceX; early-stage investor, CEO, and Product Architect of Tesla, Inc.; founder of The Boring Company; and co-founder of Neuralink and OpenAI. With an estimated net worth of around US$273 billion as of April 2022, Musk is the wealthiest person in the world according to both the *Bloomberg Billionaires Index* and the *Forbes* real-time billionaires list.

Musk was born to a Canadian mother and White South African father, and raised in Pretoria, South Africa. He briefly attended the University of Pretoria before moving to Canada at age 17 to avoid conscription. He was enrolled at Queen's University and transferred to the University of Pennsylvania two years later, where he received a bachelor's degree in economics and physics. He moved to California in 1995 to attend Stanford University but decided instead to pursue a business career, co-founding the web software company Zip2 with his brother Kimbal. The startup was acquired by Compaq for $307 million in 1999. The same year, Musk co-founded online bank X.com, which merged with Confinity in 2000 to form PayPal. The company was bought by eBay in 2002 for $1.5 billion.

In 2002, Musk founded SpaceX, an aerospace manufacturer and space transport services company, of which he is CEO and Chief Engineer. In 2004, he joined electric vehicle manufacturer Tesla Motors, Inc. (now Tesla, Inc.) as chairman and product architect, becoming its CEO in 2008. In 2006, he helped create SolarCity, a solar energy services company that was later acquired by Tesla and became Tesla Energy. In 2015, he co-founded OpenAI, a nonprofit research company that promotes friendly artificial intelligence. In 2016, he co-founded Neuralink, a neurotechnology company focused on developing brain–computer interfaces, and founded The Boring Company, a tunnel construction company. He also agreed to purchase the major American social networking service Twitter in 2022 for $44 billion. Musk has proposed the Hyperloop, a high-speed vactrain transportation system.

Musk has been criticized for his unscientific stances and controversial statements. In 2018, he was sued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for falsely tweeting that he had secured funding for a private takeover of Tesla. He settled with the SEC, temporarily stepping down from his chairmanship and agreeing to limitations on his Twitter usage. In 2019, he won a defamation trial brought against him by a British caver who advised in the Tham Luang cave rescue. Musk has also been criticized for spreading misinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic and for his other views on such matters as artificial intelligence, cryptocurrency, and public transport.

## Early life

### Childhood and family

Elon Reeve Musk was born on June 28, 1971, in Pretoria, South Africa. His mother is Maye Musk (née Haldeman), a model and dietitian born in Saskatchewan, Canada, but raised in South Africa. His father is Errol Musk, a White South African electromechanical engineer, pilot, sailor, consultant, and property developer who was once a half-owner of a Zambian emerald mine near Lake Tanganyika. Musk has a younger brother, Kimbal (born 1972), and a younger sister, Tosca (born 1974). His maternal grandfather, Joshua Haldeman, was an adventurous American-born Canadian who took his family on record-breaking journeys in a single-engine Bellanca airplane to Africa and Australia; Musk has British and Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry. When Musk was a child, his adenoids were removed because doctors suspected that he was deaf, but his mother later decided that he was thinking "in another world." The family was very wealthy in Elon's youth; Errol Musk once said, "We had so much money at times we couldn't even close our safe". After his parents divorced in 1980, Musk mostly lived with his father in Pretoria and elsewhere, a choice he made two years after the divorce and subsequently regretted. Musk has become estranged from his father, whom he describes as "a terrible human being... Almost every evil thing you could possibly think of, he has done." He has a half-sister and a half-brother on his father's side. Elon attended an Anglican Sunday school in his youth.

Around age 10, Musk developed an interest in computing and video games and acquired a Commodore VIC-20. He learned computer programming using a manual and, at age 12, sold the code of a BASIC-based video game he created called *Blastar* to *PC and Office Technology* magazine for approximately $500. An awkward and introverted child, Musk was bullied throughout his childhood and was once hospitalized after a group of boys threw him down a flight of stairs. He attended Waterkloof House Preparatory School and Bryanston High School before graduating from Pretoria Boys High School.

### Education

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Aware that it would be easier to enter the United States from Canada, Musk applied for a Canadian passport through his Canadian-born mother. While awaiting the documentation, he attended the University of Pretoria for five months; this allowed him to avoid mandatory service in the South African military. Musk arrived in Canada in June 1989, and lived with a second cousin in Saskatchewan for a year, working odd jobs at a farm and lumber-mill. In 1990, he entered Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario. Two years later, he transferred to the University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1995 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in physics and a Bachelor of Science degree in economics.

In 1994, Musk held two internships in Silicon Valley during the summer: at energy storage startup Pinnacle Research Institute, which researched electrolytic ultracapacitors for energy storage, and at the Palo Alto-based startup Rocket Science Games. In 1995, he was accepted to a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) program in materials science at Stanford University in California. Musk attempted to get a job at Netscape but never received a response to his inquiries. He dropped out of Stanford after two days, deciding instead to join the Internet boom and launch an Internet startup.

## Business career

### Zip2

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In 1995, Musk, his brother Kimbal, and Greg Kouri founded web software company Zip2 with funds from angel investors. They housed the venture at a small rented office in Palo Alto. The company developed and marketed an Internet city guide for the newspaper publishing industry, with maps, directions, and yellow pages. Musk says that before the company became successful, he could not afford an apartment and instead rented an office and slept on the couch and showered at the YMCA, and shared one computer with his brother. When he and Kimbal could not agree on business decisions, they settled their differences through wrestling. According to Musk, "The website was up during the day and I was coding it at night, seven days a week, all the time." The Musk brothers obtained contracts with *The New York Times* and the *Chicago Tribune,* and persuaded the board of directors to abandon plans for a merger with CitySearch. Musk's attempts to become CEO, a position held by its Chairman Rich Sorkin, were thwarted by the board. Compaq acquired Zip2 for $307 million in cash in February 1999, and Musk received $22 million for his 7-percent share.

### X.com and PayPal

In 1999, Musk co-founded X.com, an online financial services and e-mail payment company. The startup was one of the first federally insured online banks, and, in its initial months of operation, over 200,000 customers joined the service. The company's investors regarded Musk as inexperienced and had him replaced with Intuit CEO Bill Harris by the end of the year. The following year, X.com merged with online bank Confinity to avoid competition. Founded by Max Levchin and Peter Thiel, Confinity had its own money-transfer service, PayPal, which was more popular than X.com's service. Within the merged company, Musk returned as CEO. Musk's preference for Microsoft software over Linux created a rift in the company and caused Thiel to resign. Due to resulting technological issues and lack of a cohesive business model, the board ousted Musk and replaced him with Thiel in September 2000. Under Thiel, the company focused on the PayPal service and was renamed PayPal in 2001. In 2002, PayPal was acquired by eBay for $1.5 billion in stock, of which Musk—the largest shareholder with 11.72% of shares—received $175.8 million.

In 2017, Musk purchased the domain X.com from PayPal for an undisclosed amount, explaining it has sentimental value.

### SpaceX

 File:SpaceX CEO Elon Musk visits N&NC and AFSPC (190416-F-ZZ999-006) (cropped).jpg
In 2001, Musk became involved with the nonprofit Mars Society. He was inspired by plans to place a growth-chamber for plants on Mars and discussed funding the project himself. In October 2001, Musk traveled to Moscow with Jim Cantrell and Mike Griffin to buy refurbished Intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) that could send the greenhouse payloads into space. He met with companies NPO Lavochkin and Kosmotras; however, Musk was seen as a novice and was even spat on by one of the Russian chief designers. The group returned to the United States empty-handed. In February 2002, the group returned to Russia to look for three ICBMs. They had another meeting with Kosmotras and were offered one rocket for $8 million, which Musk rejected. Musk instead decided to start a company that could build affordable rockets. With $100 million of his early fortune, Musk founded Space Exploration Technologies Corp., traded as SpaceX, in May 2002. As of 2021, he remains the company's CEO and also holds the title of Chief Engineer.

SpaceX attempted its first launch of the Falcon 1 rocket in 2006, and although the rocket failed to reach Earth orbit, it was awarded a Commercial Orbital Transportation Services program contract from NASA later that year. After two more failed attempts, which reportedly caused Musk so much stress that he was "waking from nightmares, screaming and in physical pain," SpaceX succeeded in launching the Falcon 1 into orbit in 2008, making it the first private liquid-fuel rocket to do so. Later that year, SpaceX received a $1.6 billion Commercial Resupply Services program contract from NASA for 12 flights of its Falcon 9 rocket and Dragon spacecraft to the International Space Station, replacing the Space Shuttle after its 2011 retirement. In 2012, the Dragon vehicle berthed with the ISS, a first for a private enterprise.

Working towards its goal of reusable rockets, in 2015, SpaceX successfully landed the first stage of a Falcon 9. Landings were later achieved on an autonomous spaceport drone ship, an ocean-based recovery platform. In 2018, SpaceX launched the Falcon Heavy; the inaugural mission carried Musk's personal Tesla Roadster as a dummy payload. In 2017, SpaceX unveiled its next-generation launch vehicle and spacecraft system, Big Falcon Rocket, later renamed to Starship, which would support all SpaceX launch service provider capabilities. In 2018, SpaceX announced a planned 2023 lunar circumnavigation mission, a private flight called *dearMoon project*. In 2020, SpaceX launched its first crewed flight, the Demo-2, becoming the first private company to place a person into orbit and dock a crewed spacecraft with the ISS.

SpaceX began development of the Starlink constellation of low Earth orbit satellites in 2015 to provide satellite Internet access, with the first two prototype satellites launched in February 2018. A second set of test satellites and the first large deployment of a piece of the constellation occurred in May 2019, when the first 60 operational satellites were launched. The total cost of the decade-long project to design, build, and deploy the constellation is estimated by SpaceX to be about $10 billion.

The company has attracted criticism from astronomers who say Starlink's satellites are blocking the view of the skies, and from experts arguing that they risk colliding and causing dangers in space. Musk rejected the criticism, stating that the impact of satellites is "nothing" and that "space is just extremely enormous, and satellites are very tiny."

### Tesla

 File:Elon Musk, Tesla Factory, Fremont (CA, USA) (8765031426).jpg
Tesla, Inc.—originally Tesla Motors—was incorporated in July 2003 by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning, who financed the company until the Series A round of funding. Both men played active roles in the company's early development prior to Musk's involvement. Musk led the Series A round of investment in February 2004; he invested $6.5 million, became the majority shareholder, and joined Tesla's board of directors as chairman. Musk took an active role within the company and oversaw Roadster product design but was not deeply involved in day-to-day business operations. Following a series of escalating conflicts in 2007 and the 2008 financial crisis, Eberhard was ousted from the firm. Musk assumed leadership of the company as CEO and product architect in 2008. A 2009 lawsuit settlement with Eberhard designated Musk as a Tesla co-founder, along with Tarpenning and two others. As of 2019, Elon Musk was the longest tenured CEO of any automotive manufacturer globally. In 2021, Musk nominally changed his title to Technoking while retaining his position as CEO.

Tesla first built an electric sports car, the Roadster, in 2008. With sales of about 2,500 vehicles, it was the first serial production all-electric car to use lithium-ion battery cells. Tesla began delivery of its four-door Model S sedan in 2012; a cross-over, the Model X was launched in 2015. A mass market sedan, the Model 3, was released in 2017. Template:Asof, it is the world's best-selling electric car, with more than 500,000 units delivered. A fifth vehicle, the Model Y crossover, was launched in 2020. The Cybertruck, an all-electric pickup truck, was unveiled in 2019. Under Musk, Tesla has also constructed multiple lithium-ion battery and electric vehicle subassembly factories, such as Gigafactory 1 in Nevada and Gigafactory 3 in China.

 File:2019-06-11-tesla-shareholder-meeting-elon-musk.jpg
Since its initial public offering in 2010, Tesla stock has risen significantly; it became the most valuable carmaker in summer 2020, and it entered the S&P 500 later that year. In October 2021 it reached a market capitalization of $1 trillion, the sixth company to do so in U.S. history. On November 6, 2021, Musk proposed on Twitter selling 10% of his Tesla stock, since "much is made lately of unrealized gains being a means of tax avoidance". After more than 3.5 million Twitter accounts supported the sale, Musk sold $6.9 billion of Tesla stock in the week ending November 12, and a total of $16.4 billion by year end, reaching the 10% target. In February 2022, *The Wall Street Journal* reported that both Elon and Kimbal Musk were under investigation by the SEC for possible insider trading related to the sale.

#### SEC lawsuit

In September 2018, Musk was sued by the SEC for a tweet claiming funding had been secured for potentially taking Tesla private. The lawsuit characterized the tweet as false, misleading, and damaging to investors, and sought to bar Musk from serving as CEO of publicly traded companies. Two days later, Musk settled with the SEC, without admitting or denying the SEC's allegations. As a result, Musk and Tesla were fined $20 million each, and Musk was forced to step down for three years as Tesla chairman but was able to remain as CEO.

Musk has stated in interviews he does not regret posting the tweet that triggered the SEC investigation. On February 19, 2019, Musk stated in a tweet that Tesla would build half a million cars in 2019. The SEC reacted to Musk's tweet by filing in court, initially asking the court to hold him in contempt for violating the terms of a settlement agreement with such a tweet, which was disputed by Musk. This was eventually settled by a joint agreement between Musk and the SEC clarifying the previous agreement details. The agreement included a list of topics that Musk would need preclearance before tweeting about. In May 2020, a judge prevented a lawsuit from proceeding that claimed a tweet by Musk regarding Tesla stock price ("too high imo") violated the agreement. FOIA released records showing that the SEC itself concluded Musk has subsequently violated the agreement twice by tweeting regarding "Tesla's solar roof production volumes and its stock price".

### SolarCity and Tesla Energy

 File:Pair of 2009 SolarCity Dodge Sprinters.JPG
Musk provided the initial concept and financial capital for SolarCity, which his cousins Lyndon and Peter Rive co-founded in 2006. By 2013, SolarCity was the second largest provider of solar power systems in the United States. In 2014, Musk promoted the idea of SolarCity building an advanced production facility in Buffalo, New York, triple the size of the largest solar plant in the United States. Construction on the factory started in 2014 and was completed in 2017. It operated as a joint venture with Panasonic until early 2020 when Panasonic departed.

Tesla acquired SolarCity for over $2 billion in 2016 and merged it with its battery energy storage products division to create Tesla Energy. The announcement of the deal resulted in a more than 10% drop in Tesla's stock price. At the time, SolarCity was facing liquidity issues; however, Tesla shareholders were not informed. Consequently, multiple shareholder groups filed a lawsuit against Musk and Tesla's directors, claiming that the purchase of SolarCity was done solely to benefit Musk and came at the expense of Tesla and its shareholders. During a June 2019 court deposition, Musk acknowledged that the company reallocated every possible employee from the solar division to work on the Model 3, and, according to Musk, "as a result, solar suffered." This had not previously been disclosed to shareholders. Court documents unsealed in 2019 have confirmed that Musk was also aware of the company's liquidity issues. Tesla directors settled the lawsuit in January 2020, leaving Musk the sole remaining defendant.

### Neuralink

 File:Elon Musk and the Neuralink Future.jpg
In 2016, Musk co-founded Neuralink, a neurotechnology startup company to integrate the human brain with artificial intelligence (AI) by creating devices that are embedded in the human brain to facilitate its merging with machines. The devices will also reconcile with the latest improvements in artificial intelligence to stay updated. Such improvements could enhance memory or allow the devices to communicate with software more effectively.

At a live demonstration in August 2020, Musk described one of their early devices as "a Fitbit in your skull" that could soon cure paralysis, deafness, blindness, and other disabilities. Many neuroscientists and publications criticized these claims; *MIT Technology Review* described them as "highly speculative" and "neuroscience theater".

### The Boring Company

 File:Elon Musk Accelerates the Boring (45716125474).jpg
In 2016, Musk founded The Boring Company to construct tunnels. In early 2017, the company began discussions with regulatory bodies and initiated construction of a 30-foot (9.1 m) wide, 50-foot (15 m) long, and 15-foot (4.6 m) deep "test trench" on the premises of SpaceX's offices as it required no permits. A tunnel beneath the Las Vegas Convention Center was completed in early 2021. Local officials have approved further expansions of the tunnel system.

As a merchandising and publicity stunt, The Boring Company sold 2,000 novelty flamethrowers in 2018. The idea, and his fascination with the idea of a flamethrower in general, was inspired by the Mel Brooks-directed film *Spaceballs* (1987), something confirmed in the documentary film *Return to Space*, directed by Elizabeth Chai Vasarhelyi and Jimmy Chin.

### Corporate governance issues

#### Managerial style and treatment of employees

Musk's managerial style and treatment of his employees have been heavily criticized. *Business Insider* reported that Tesla employees were told not to walk past Musk's desk because of his "wild firing rampages". *The Wall Street Journal* reported that, after Musk insisted on branding his vehicles as "self-driving", he faced criticism from his engineers, some of whom resigned in response, with one stating that Musk's "reckless decision making... ha[d] potentially put customer lives at risk". The 2021 book *Power Play* contains multiple anecdotes of Musk berating employees.

## Other activities

### Hyperloop

In 2013, Musk announced plans for a version of a vactrain (or vacuum tube train), assigning a dozen engineers from Tesla and SpaceX to establish the conceptual foundations and create initial designs. On August 12, 2013, Musk unveiled the concept, which he dubbed the Hyperloop. The alpha design for the system was published in a whitepaper posted to the Tesla and SpaceX blogs. The document scoped out the technology and outlined a notional route where such a transport system could be built between the Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area at an estimated total cost of $6 billion. The proposal, if technologically feasible at the costs he has cited, would make Hyperloop travel cheaper than any other mode of transport for such long distances.

In June 2015, Musk announced a design competition for students and others to build Hyperloop pods to operate on a SpaceX-sponsored mile-long track in a 2015–2017 Hyperloop pod competition. The track was used in January 2017, and Musk also announced that the company started a tunnel project with Hawthorne airport as its destination. In July 2017, Musk claimed that he had received "verbal government approval" to build a hyperloop from New York City to Washington, D.C., stopping in both Philadelphia and Baltimore. Mention of the project for the DC to Baltimore part were removed from the Boring Company website later in 2021.

### OpenAI

In December 2015, Musk announced the creation of OpenAI, a not-for-profit artificial intelligence (AI) research company aiming to develop artificial general intelligence intended to be safe and beneficial to humanity. A particular focus of the company is to "counteract large corporations [and governments] who may gain too much power by owning super-intelligence systems". In 2018, Musk left the OpenAI board to avoid possible future conflicts with his role as CEO of Tesla as the company increasingly became involved in AI through Tesla Autopilot.

### Tham Luang cave rescue and defamation case

 File:Rescue equipment in Tham Luang entrance chamber (cropped).jpg
In July 2018, Musk arranged for his employees to build a small rescue pod to assist the rescue of children stuck in a flooded cavern in Thailand. Richard Stanton, leader of the international rescue diving team, urged Musk on in construction of the mini-submarine as a back-up, in case flooding worsened. Named "Wild Boar" after the children's soccer team, its design was a five-foot (1.5 m)-long, 12-inch (30 cm)-wide sealed tube weighing about 90 pounds (41 kg) propelled manually by divers in the front and back with segmented compartments to place diver weights to adjust buoyancy, intended to solve the problem of safely extracting the children. Engineers at SpaceX and The Boring Company built the mini-submarine out of a Falcon 9 liquid oxygen transfer tube in eight hours and personally delivered it to Thailand. By this time, however, eight of the 12 children had already been rescued using full face masks and oxygen under anesthesia; consequently Thai authorities declined to use the submarine. Elon Musk was later one of the 187 people who received various honors conferred by the King of Thailand in March 2019 for involvement in the rescue effort, e.g. the Order of the Direkgunabhorn.

Vernon Unsworth, a British recreational caver who had been exploring the cave for the previous six years and played a key advisory role in the rescue, criticized the submarine on CNN as amounting to nothing more than a public relations effort with no chance of success, and that Musk "had no conception of what the cave passage was like" and "can stick his submarine where it hurts". Musk asserted on Twitter that the device would have worked and referred to Unsworth as "pedo guy". He subsequently deleted the tweets, along with an earlier tweet in which he told another critic of the device, "Stay tuned jackass." On July 16, Unsworth stated that he was considering legal action.

Two days later, Musk issued an apology for his remarks. Then, on August 28, 2018, in response to criticism from a writer on Twitter, Musk tweeted, "You don't think it's strange he hasn't sued me?" The following day, a letter dated August 6 from L. Lin Wood, the rescuer's attorney, emerged, showing that he had been making preparations for a libel lawsuit.

Around this time, James Howard-Higgins emailed Musk claiming to be a private investigator and with an offer to "dig deep" into Unsworth's past, which Musk accepted; Higgins was later revealed to be a convicted felon with multiple counts of fraud. On August 30, using details produced during the alleged investigation, Musk sent a *BuzzFeed News* reporter who had written about the controversy an email prefaced with "off the record", telling the reporter to "stop defending child rapists, you fucking asshole" and claiming that Unsworth is a "single white guy from England who's been traveling to or living in Thailand for 30 to 40 years... until moving to Chiang Rai for a child bride who was about 12 years old at the time." On September 5, the reporter tweeted a screenshot of the email, saying that "Off the record is a two-party agreement," which he "did not agree to."

In September, Unsworth filed a defamation suit in Los Angeles federal court. In his defense, Musk argued that in slang usage "'pedo guy' was a common insult used in South Africa when I was growing up... synonymous with 'creepy old man' and is used to insult a person's appearance and demeanor." The defamation case began in December 2019, with Unsworth seeking $190 million in damages. During the trial Musk apologized to Unsworth again for the tweet. On December 6, the jury found in favor of Musk and ruled he was not liable.

### 2018 Joe Rogan podcast appearance

On September 6, 2018, Musk appeared on *The Joe Rogan Experience* podcast and discussed various topics for over two hours. During the interview, Musk sampled a single puff from a cigar consisting, Joe Rogan claimed, of tobacco laced with cannabis. Tesla stock dropped after the incident, which coincided with the confirmation of the departure of Tesla's vice president of worldwide finance earlier that day. *Fortune* wondered if the cannabis use could have ramifications for SpaceX contracts with the United States Air Force, though an Air Force spokesperson told *The Verge* that there was no investigation and that the Air Force was still processing the situation. In a *60 Minutes* interview, Musk said of the incident: "I do not smoke pot. As anybody who watched that podcast could tell, I have no idea how to smoke pot."

### Music ventures

On March 30, 2019, Musk released a rap track, "RIP Harambe", on SoundCloud as Emo G Records. The track, which is an allusion to the killing of Harambe, a gorilla in a Cincinnati zoo, and the subsequent "tasteless" Internet sensationalism surrounding the event, was performed by Yung Jake, written by Yung Jake and Caroline Polachek, and produced by BloodPop. On January 30, 2020, Musk released an EDM track, "Don't Doubt Ur Vibe", featuring his own lyrics and vocals. While *The Guardian* critic Alexi Petridis described it as "indistinguishable... from umpteen competent but unthrilling bits of bedroom electronica posted elsewhere on Soundcloud", TechCrunch said it was "not a bad representation of the genre".

### Donations and non-profits

Musk is president of the Musk Foundation, which states its purpose is to provide solar-power energy systems in disaster areas as well as to support research and development, advocacy, and educational goals. Since 2002, the foundation has made over 350 contributions. Around half were to scientific research or education nonprofits. Notable beneficiaries include the Wikimedia Foundation, his alma mater the University of Pennsylvania, and Kimbal's Big Green. *Vox* described the foundation as "almost entertaining in its simplicity and yet is strikingly opaque", noting that its website was only 33 words in plain-text. The foundation has been criticized for the relatively small amount of wealth donated. From 2002 to 2018, it gave out $25 million directly to non-profits, nearly half of which went to Musk's OpenAI, which was at the time a non-profit organization. In 2012, Musk took the Giving Pledge, thereby committing to give the majority of his wealth to charitable causes either during his lifetimes or in his will. In 2020, *Forbes* still gave Musk a philanthropy score of 1, because he had given away less than 1% of his net worth.

Musk has endowed prizes at the X Prize Foundation, including $15 million to encourage innovation in addressing illiteracy and $100 million to reward improved carbon capture technology. In November 2021, Musk donated $5.7 billion of Tesla's shares to charity.

In 2014 he donated one million dollars to a museum dedicated to Nikola Tesla.

After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Musk facilitated sending Starlink systems purchased by other European nations and private funding to Ukraine for internet access and communication in the besieged country. Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy thanked Musk personally for the support of Ukraine and announced further talks between the two about space projects to take place after the war.

### Twitter

Musk is an active user of the social media platform Twitter and has over 80 million followers. On January 31, 2022, Musk began steadily buying significant quantities of shares in the company, reaching a 5% stake in the company on March 14, 2022. Musk reached a total of 73,115,038 shares on April 1, 9.13% of Twitter's overall shares, valued at the time at $2.64 billion, making him the largest shareholder in the company. Musk is alleged to have neglected to notify the SEC within 10 days of when his stake in the company surpassed 5%, a violation of US securities laws. When Musk publicly disclosed his investment in a Securities and Exchange Commission 13G filing on April 4, 2022, Twitter shares experienced the largest intraday surge since its IPO in 2013 as a flurry of trading activity resulted in the share price increasing by as much as 27%. The revelation that Musk had acquired a significant stake in Twitter followed Musk's tweets on March 25 and 26 in which he questioned Twitter's commitment to freedom of speech and said that he was considering developing a rival social media site, although the comments were made after he had already acquired 7.5% of the company.

On April 4, Musk agreed to a deal that would see him appointed to Twitter's board of directors and prohibit him from acquiring more than 14.9% of the company, but Musk decided not to join the board before his appointment became effective on April 9. On April 13, Musk made a $43 billion offer to buy Twitter, launching a takeover bid to buy 100% of Twitter's stock at $54.20 per share. In a letter to Twitter's board, he indicated his desire to take the company private: "[Twitter] will neither thrive nor serve [its free speech] societal imperative in its current form. Twitter needs to be transformed as a private company." In response, Twitter's board adopted a shareholder rights plan to make it significantly more expensive for any single investor to own more than 15% of the company without approval of the board.

On April 25, 2022, Elon Musk successfully concluded his bid to buy Twitter and bring the company private for approximately $44 billion. In a statement, Musk said:

> Free speech is the bedrock of a functioning democracy, and Twitter is the digital town square where matters vital to the future of humanity are debated, I also want to make Twitter better than ever by enhancing the product with new features, making the algorithms open source to increase trust, defeating the spam bots, and authenticating all humans. Twitter has tremendous potential—I look forward to working with the company and the community of users to unlock it.
>
>

## Wealth

 File:Elon Musk net worth graph.png
Musk made $175.8 million when PayPal was sold to eBay in 2002. He was first listed on the *Forbes* Billionaires List in 2012, with a net worth of $2 billion.

At the start of 2020, Musk had a net worth of $27 billion. By the year's end his net worth had increased by $150 billion, largely driven by his ownership of around 20% of Tesla stock. During this, Musk's net worth was often volatile. For example, it dropped $16.3 billion in September, the largest single-day plunge in the history of the *Bloomberg Billionaires Index*. In November of that year, Musk passed Facebook co-founder Mark Zuckerberg to become the third-richest person in the world; a week later he passed Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates to become the second-richest. In January 2021, Musk, with a net worth of $185 billion, surpassed Amazon founder Jeff Bezos to become the richest person in the world. Bezos reclaimed the top spot the following month. On September 27, 2021, Forbes announced that Musk had a net worth of over $200 billion, and was the richest person in the world, after Tesla stock surged. In November 2021, Musk became the first person with a net worth over $300 billion.

Around three-quarters of Musk's wealth derives from Tesla. Musk does not receive a salary from Tesla; he agreed in 2018 to a compensation plan with the board that ties his personal earnings to Tesla's valuation and revenue. The deal stipulated that Musk only receives the compensation if Tesla reaches certain market values. It was the largest such deal ever done between a CEO and board. In the first award, given in May 2020, he was eligible to purchase 1.69 million TSLA shares (about 1% of the company) at below-market prices, which was worth about $800 million.

Musk paid $455 million in taxes on $1.52 billion of income between 2014 and 2018. According to ProPublica, Musk paid no federal income taxes in 2018. His 2021 tax bill was estimated at $12 billion based on his sale of $14 billion worth of Tesla stock.

Musk has repeatedly described himself as "cash poor", and has "professed to have little interest in the material trappings of wealth". In 2012, Musk signed The Giving Pledge and, in May 2020, pledged to "sell almost all physical possessions". In 2021, Musk defended his wealth by saying he is "accumulating resources to help make life multiplanetary [and] extend the light of consciousness to the stars". In the early 2000s, Musk wasTemplate:Clarify a private pilot, his favorite aircraft then being the L-39 Albatros, though he decided to stop piloting by 2008. He uses a private jet owned by SpaceX and acquired a second jet in August 2020. The jet's heavy use of fossil fuels—it flew over 150,000 miles in 2018—has received criticism.

## Views

### Politics

 File:Vice President Pence at the Kennedy Space Center (49946170631).jpg
In 2015, Musk stated he was a "significant (though not top-tier) donor to Democrats" but that he also gives heavily to Republicans. Musk said that political contributions are a requirement to have a voice in the United States government. Musk criticized Donald Trump for his stance on climate change and after joining Trump's two business advisory councils, Musk resigned from both in June 2017 in protest against Trump's decision to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement. In the 2020 Democratic presidential primaries, Musk endorsed candidate Andrew Yang and expressed support for his proposed universal basic income; he endorsed Kanye West's independent campaign in the general election. Musk has stated that he thinks a theoretical government on Mars should be direct democracy. In September 2021, following the adoption of Texas' strict abortion restrictions, Texas Governor Greg Abbott stated that Musk and SpaceX supported Texas' "social policies". In response, Musk stated, "In general, I believe government should rarely impose its will upon the people, and, when doing so, should aspire to maximize their cumulative happiness. That said, I would prefer to stay out of politics." Regarding Democratic proposals for increased taxes on billionaires, Musk's responses have included critical policy remarks and lashing out at proponents such as Senator Ron Wyden.

In July 2020, Musk tweeted "Pronouns suck" to significant backlash on Twitter, including from his partner Grimes. The tweet has been perceived by some as transphobic and an attack on non-binary identities. In a series of December 2020 tweets, Musk again mocked the use of pronouns. The Human Rights Campaign, which had previously given Tesla the number one ranking on its Corporate Equality Index, criticized his tweets and called for an apology.

Musk has stated that he does not believe the U.S. government should provide subsidies to companies; instead they should use a carbon tax to discourage poor behavior. Musk says that the free market would achieve the best solution, and that producing environmentally unfriendly vehicles should come with its own consequences. His stance has been called hypocritical as his businesses have received billions of dollars in subsidies. In addition, Tesla made large sums from government-initiated systems of zero emissions credits offered in California and the United States federal level, which enabled improved initial consumer adoption of Tesla vehicles, as the tax credits given by governments enabled Tesla's battery electric vehicles to be price-competitive, in relative comparison with existing lower-priced internal combustion engine vehicles. Notably, Tesla generates a sizeable portion of its revenue from its sales of carbon credits granted to the company, by both the European Union Emissions Trading System and the Chinese national carbon trading scheme.

 File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi with Tesla CEO Elon Musk.jpg
Musk, a longtime opponent of short-selling, has repeatedly criticized the practice and argued it should be illegal. Musk's opposition to short-selling has been speculated to stem from how short-sellers often organize and publish opposition research about the companies that they believe are currently overvalued. In early 2021, he encouraged the GameStop short squeeze. Musk has also regularly promoted cryptocurrencies, stating that he supports them over traditional government-issued fiat currencies. Given the volatile effects that his tweets about them have, his statements around cryptocurrencies have been viewed as market manipulations by critics such as Nouriel Roubini.

In November 2021, Musk was criticized after mocking U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders on Twitter. Sanders posted a message on Twitter saying "We must demand that the extremely wealthy pay their fair share. Period." Musk then replied: "I keep forgetting that you're still alive."

Musk has voiced concerns about human population decline, saying that "Mars has zero human population. We need a lot of people to become a multiplanet civilization." Speaking at *The Wall Street Journal*'s CEO Council session in December 2021, Musk stated that declining birth rates and population is one of the biggest risks to human civilization.

In a December 2021 interview with Christian conservative satirical website *The Babylon Bee*, Musk lamented that it was "increasingly difficult to get things done" in California. Musk had sold enough to reach his goal of selling 10% of his shares in Tesla (then the world's most valuable car company), partially to pay taxes, and relocated his personal and Tesla's tax residence from California to Texas in order to avoid state income tax. Musk said that "California used to be the land of opportunity and now it is... becoming more so the land of sort of overregulation, overlitigation, overtaxation." In the same interview, he stated, "At its heart wokeness is divisive, exclusionary, and hateful. It basically gives mean people... a shield to be mean and cruel, armored in false virtue."

Musk condemned the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and announced measures to support Ukraine's defense, such as providing the country with free Starlink access, for which Ukrainian president Zelenskyy personally thanked Musk while announcing further talks between the two. After some governments had asked Starlink to block access to Russian news sources in response to the invasion of Ukraine, Musk identified himself as a "free speech absolutist" and said "we will not do so unless at gunpoint".

### COVID-19

Template:Tweet
Musk was criticized for his public comments and conduct related to the COVID-19 pandemic. He spread misinformation about the virus, including promoting chloroquine and assuming that death statistics were manipulated. At the start of the pandemic, he claimed that children "are essentially immune" to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Twitter determined that, given the "overall context and conclusion of the Tweet", it did not break their rules on COVID-19 commentary; the decision was described as "irresponsible" by *The Verge*.

Musk also called "the coronavirus panic...dumb". Musk repeatedly criticized lockdowns and violated local orders by re-opening the Tesla Fremont factory. In March 2020, commenting on a *New York Times* report that China had reported no new cases of domestic spread of the novel coronavirus, Musk predicted that there would be "probably close to zero new cases in US by the end of April". *Politico* later labeled this statement one of "the most audacious, confident and spectacularly incorrect prognostications [of 2020]". In November 2020, the phrase "Space Karen" trended on Twitter in connection with Musk after he tweeted misinformation about the effectiveness of COVID-19 testing.

Also in March 2020, Musk offered to donate ventilators which Tesla would build or buy from a third party. Multiple hospitals noted that the devices eventually donated were BiPAP and CPAP machines, not the much more expensive and sought-after invasive mechanical ventilator (IMV) machines, but the devices could still be used to free up ventilators for the sickest patients. Invasive ventilators can cost up to $50,000, whereas CPAP machines can be purchased for around $500.

In 2021, findings of an antibody-testing program that SpaceX worked with doctors and academic researchers to create were published in *Nature Communications* with Musk listed as a co-author.

### Artificial intelligence, metaverse, and public transit

Musk has frequently spoken about the potential dangers of artificial intelligence (AI), repeatedly calling it the greatest threat to humanity. Musk's opinions about AI have provoked controversy and criticized by experts such as Yann LeCun. Consequently, according to CNBC, Musk is "not always looked upon favorably" by the AI research community. Mark Zuckerberg has clashed with Musk on the issue, with Zuckerberg calling his warnings "pretty irresponsible". Musk's claims that humans live in a computer simulation have also been criticized.

In December 2021, when prompted for his opinion about the virtual reality (VR) driven metaverse, Musk said that he was "unable to see a compelling metaverse situation" and further remarked that "I think we're far from disappearing into the metaverse. This sounds just kind of buzzword-y. [...] Sure you can put a TV on your nose. I'm not sure that makes you 'in the metaverse'. [...] I don't see someone strapping a frigging screen to their face all day and not wanting to ever leave. That seems — no way."

Despite his companies' dealing in various areas of transportation, Musk has criticized public transportation, a stance that has been called elitist, as public modes of transportation provide service for all persons, while cars can be used only by those who own or rent and can drive them. In December 2017, in response to an audience question about his take on public transit and urban sprawl, at a Tesla event on the sidelines of the Neural Information Processing Systems Conference in Long Beach, California, Musk remarked:

> "There is this premise that good things must be somehow painful. I think public transport is painful. It sucks. Why do you want to get on something with a lot of other people, that doesn't leave where you want it to leave, doesn't start where you want it to start, doesn't end where you want it to end? And it doesn't go all the time."
>
>
> "It's a pain in the ass, that's why everyone doesn't like it. And there's like a bunch of random strangers, one of who might be a serial killer, OK, great. And so that's why people like individualized transport, that goes where you want, when you want."
>
>
>
> When the audience member responded that public transportation seemed to work in Japan, Musk shot back, "What, where they cram people in the subway? That doesn't sound great."
>
>

His comments have sparked widespread criticism from both transportation and urban planning experts, which have pointed out that public transportation in dense urban areas is more economical, more energy efficient and requires much less space than private cars.

## Personal life

Musk met his first wife, Canadian author Justine Wilson, while attending Queen's University, and they married in 2000. He contracted malaria in 2000 while on vacation in South Africa, and nearly died. In 2002, their first child, son Nevada Alexander Musk, died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) at the age of 10 weeks. After his death, the couple decided to use IVF to continue their family. Twins Xavier and Griffin were born in April 2004, followed by triplets Kai, Saxon, and Damian in 2006. The couple divorced in 2008 and share custody of their five sons.

In 2008, Musk began dating English actress Talulah Riley. They married in September 2010 at Dornoch Cathedral in Scotland. In 2012, he announced a divorce from Riley. In 2013, Musk and Riley remarried. In December 2014, he filed for a second divorce from Riley; however, the action was withdrawn. A second divorce was finalized in 2016. Musk then dated Amber Heard for several months in 2017; he had reportedly been pursuing her since 2012. Musk was later accused by Johnny Depp of having an affair with Heard while she was still married to Depp. Musk and Heard both denied the affair.

In May 2018, Musk and Canadian musician Grimes revealed that they were dating. Grimes gave birth to their son in May 2020. According to Musk and Grimes, his name was "X Æ A-12"; however, the name would have violated California regulations as it contained characters that are not in the modern English alphabet, and was then changed to "X Æ A-Xii". This drew more confusion, as Æ is not a letter in the modern English alphabet. The child was eventually named "X AE A-XII" Musk, with "X" as a first name, "AE A-XII" as a middle name, and "Musk" as surname. Musk confirmed reports that the couple are "semi-separated" in September 2021; in an interview with *Time* in December 2021, he said he was single. In March 2022, Grimes said of her relationship with Musk: "I would probably refer to him as my boyfriend, but we're very fluid." She further revealed that their first daughter, Exa Dark Sideræl Musk, nicknamed Y, was born in December 2021 via surrogate. Later that month, Grimes tweeted that she and Musk had broken up again "but he's my best friend and the love of my life."

From the early 2000s until late 2020, Musk resided in California where both Tesla and SpaceX were founded and where their headquarters are still located. In 2020, he moved to Texas, stating that California had become "complacent" with its economic success. During his hosting of *Saturday Night Live* in May 2021, Musk stated that he has Asperger syndrome.

## Public recognition

### In popular culture

Musk has had multiple cameos and appearances in films such as *Iron Man 2* (2010), *Why Him?* (2016), and *Men in Black: International* (2019). Television series on which he has appeared include *The Simpsons* ("The Musk Who Fell to Earth", 2015), *The Big Bang Theory* ("The Platonic Permutation", 2015), *South Park* ("Members Only", 2016), *Rick and Morty* ("One Crew over the Crewcoo's Morty", 2019), and *Saturday Night Live* (2021). He has contributed interviews to the documentaries *Racing Extinction* (2015) and the Werner Herzog-directed *Lo and Behold* (2016).

In China, Elon Musk has become a "trademark phenomenon" according to *SCMP*, with over 270 different companies having registered trademarks using his English name or Chinese transliteration, for a multitude of products including printing, restaurants, textiles, and design.

### Accolades

Musk was elected a fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2018. In 2015, he received an honorary doctorate in engineering and technology at Yale, and IEEE Honorary Membership. Awards for his contributions to the development of the Falcon rockets include the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics George Low Transportation Award in 2008, the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale Gold Space Medal in 2010, and the Royal Aeronautical Society Gold Medal in 2012. He was listed among *Time* magazine's 100 Most Influential People in 2010, 2013, 2018, and 2021. Musk was selected as *Time*'s "Person of the Year" for 2021. *Time* editor-in-chief Edward Felsenthal wrote that "Person of the Year is a marker of influence, and few individuals have had more influence than Musk on life on Earth, and potentially life off Earth too". In 2022, Musk was elected as a member into the National Academy of Engineering "[f]or breakthroughs in design, engineering, manufacturing, and operation of reusable launch vehicles and sustainable transportation and energy systems."

## Notes and references

### Notes

1. ↑ 90184L102 (CUSIP Number). U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (March 14, 2022). "Item 2. (c) Citizenship United States"
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Template:Cite magazine
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4. ↑ Elon Musk.
5. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Bloomberg Billionaires Index". *Bloomberg.com*. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
6. ↑ Real Time Billionaires (en).
7. ↑ Vance (2015), pp. 25, 31.
8. ↑ Template:Triangulation, discussion of his family starts around the 15th minute
9. ↑ Vargas, Chanel (March 6, 2018). 11 Things to Know About Stunning 69-Year-Old Model Maye Musk.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Usborne, Simon (February 21, 2018). "Meet the Musks: who's who in Elon's extended family?". *The Guardian*. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on May 27, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2020.

	* May, Dana Hull and Patrick. Exploring the otherworldly ambitions of Elon Musk (en).
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28. ↑ Vance (2015), pp. 40–41.
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31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Clifford, Catherine (June 12, 2018). "Multi-billionaire Elon Musk: 'I arrived in North America at 17 with $2,000'". *CNBC*. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
32. ↑ Vance (2015), p. 44.
33. ↑ Vance (2015), pp. 43–44.
34. ↑ Vance (2015), p. 45.
35. ↑ Vance (2015), p. 46.
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42. ↑ How internships helped Elon Musk figure out his future (July 16, 2018).
43. ↑ Vance (2015), p. 368.
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55. ↑ Vance (2015), p. 109.
56. ↑ Vance (2015), p. 78.
57. ↑ Vance (2015), p. 84.
58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 Vance (2015), p. 86.
59. ↑ Jackson (2004), pp. 40, 69, 130, 163.
60. ↑ Vance (2015), p. 85.
61. ↑ Vance (2015), pp. 85–86.
62. ↑ Vance (2015), pp. 86–87.
63. ↑ Vance (2015), pp. 87–88.
64. ↑ The PayPal Mafia.
65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 Vance (2015), p. 89.
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67. ↑ SEC 10-K. PayPal (December 31, 2001).
68. ↑ Vance (2015), pp. 116.
69. ↑ Huang, Echo. Elon Musk bought a web domain worth millions with "sentimental value" to him.
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71. ↑ Vance (2015), pp. 99, 102—103.
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77. ↑ Template:Cite press release
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100. ↑ Vance (2015), p. 159.
101. ↑ Schilling, Melissa (2018). *Quirky: The remarkable story of the traits, foibles, and genius of breakthrough innovators who changed the world*. PublicAffairs.
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104. ↑ LaMonica, Martin (September 2009). Tesla Motors founders: Now there are five. "Tesla Motors and co-founder Martin Eberhard announced an agreement over who can claim to be a founder of the company on Monday."
105. ↑ Schwartz, Ariel (September 21, 2009). Tesla Lawsuit Drama Ends as Five Company Founders Emerge. "Eberhard and Musk have reached a rather unexpected resolution–instead of agreeing to share the title of "founder", the pair has designated five people as company founders, including Musk, Eberhard, JB Straubel, Mark Tarpenning, and Ian Wright."
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116. ↑ Huddleston, Tom Jr. (November 22, 2019). This is the James Bond sports car Elon Musk bought for nearly $1 million that inspired Tesla Cybertruck.
117. ↑ Does Musk's Gigafactory Make Sense? (April 14, 2019).
118. ↑ Inside Tesla's Gigafactory: A Crazy Idea Takes Shape In Nevada (July 27, 2016).
119. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Tesla's Musk says Shanghai factory breaking ground". ABC news. January 7, 2019. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020.
120. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"With First Share Offering, Tesla Bets on Electric Car's Future". *The New York Times*. Associated Press. June 28, 2010. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
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123. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Li, Yun (December 20, 2021). "Tesla shares fall 6% as it enters the S&P 500 with 1.69% weighting, fifth largest". *CNBC*. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
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125. ↑ Chris Isidore. Tesla is now worth more than $1trillion.
126. ↑ 126.0 126.1 Haselton, Todd (November 13, 2021). Elon Musk sold about $6.9 billion in Tesla stock this week (en).
127. ↑ Elon Musk Twitter profile (en).
128. ↑ Jin, Hyunjoo (December 30, 2021). Tesla's Musk exercises all of his stock options expiring next year (en).
129. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Michaels, Dave (February 24, 2022). "WSJ News Exclusive | SEC Probes Trading by Elon Musk and Brother in Wake of Tesla CEO's Sales". *Wall Street Journal*. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved March 3, 2022.
130. ↑ SEC.gov | Elon Musk Charged With Securities Fraud for Misleading Tweets.
131. ↑ 131.0 131.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Goldstein, Matthew (September 27, 2018). "S.E.C. Sues Tesla's Elon Musk for Fraud and Seeks to Bar Him From Running a Public Company". *The New York Times*. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved September 27, 2018.
132. ↑ Choudhury, Saheli Roy (September 28, 2018). SEC says Musk chose $420 price for Tesla shares because it's a pot reference.
133. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Swisher, Kara (August 23, 2018). "How and Why Silicon Valley Gets High". *The New York Times*. Archived from the original on August 24, 2018. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
134. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Woodyard, Chris (August 30, 2018). "Elon Musk's tweet on taking Tesla private now dogged by drugs claim from rapper Azealia Banks". *USA Today*. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
135. ↑ Factbox – 'Funding secured': SEC gives timeline surrounding tweet from Tesla's Musk. *Reuters* (September 28, 2018).
136. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>O'Kane, Sean; Lopatto, Elizabeth (September 27, 2018). "Elon Musk sued by SEC for securities fraud". *The Verge*. Archived from the original on July 30, 2020. Retrieved September 27, 2018.
137. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Elon Musk forced to step down as chairman of Tesla, remains CEO". *The Verge*. Archived from the original on May 27, 2020. Retrieved September 29, 2018.
138. ↑ SEC.gov | Elon Musk Settles SEC Fraud Charges; Tesla Charged With and Resolves Securities Law Charge.
139. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Tesla's Elon Musk says tweet that led to $20 million fine 'Worth It'". *Reuters*. October 27, 2018. Archived from the original on May 22, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
140. ↑ Elon Musk commits to SEC settlement despite mocking tweets. *ABC News* (October 11, 2018).
141. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Ohnsman, Alan. "Elon Musk's Tesla Tweet Puts CEO Role At Risk Again". *Forbes*. Archived from the original on May 28, 2020. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
142. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Wattles, Jackie (April 27, 2019). "Elon Musk and SEC reach an agreement over tweeting". *CNN Business*. Archived from the original on June 8, 2020. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
143. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Marino-Nachison, David (April 26, 2019). "Tesla CEO Elon Musk Gets a Long Do-Not-Tweet List From the SEC". *Barrons*. Archived from the original on January 22, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
144. ↑ Bursztynsky, Jessica (May 1, 2020). Tesla shares tank after Elon Musk tweets the stock price is 'too high'.
145. ↑ Court Rules That No One Can Stop Elon Musk From Tweeting Tesla News—For Now (May 20, 2020).
146. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Elliott, Dave; Michaels, Rebecca (June 2, 2021). "WSJ News Exclusive: Tesla Failed to Oversee Elon Musk's Tweets, SEC Argued in Letters". *The Wall Street Journal*. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
147. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Kanellos, Michael (February 15, 2008). "Newsmaker: Elon Musk on rockets, sports cars, and solar power". *CNET*. Archived from the original on January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
148. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"2013 Top 250 Solar Contractors". *Solar Power World*. September 13, 2013. Archived from the original on October 10, 2017. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
149. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Smith, Aaron (June 17, 2014). "Elon Musk's sunny plans for Buffalo". CNNMoney. Archived from the original on October 9, 2017. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
150. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Kolodny, Lora (February 26, 2020). "Tesla, Panasonic will reportedly stop joint solar cell production at Gigafactory 2 in Buffalo". *CNBC*. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
151. ↑ The highs, lows and legacy of Panasonic's doomed project in Buffalo.
152. ↑ 152.0 152.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Kolodny, Lora (October 28, 2019). "Tesla's Elon Musk knew SolarCity faced a 'liquidity crisis' at time of 2016 deal, legal documents show". *CNBC*. Archived from the original on August 15, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
153. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Strong, Michael (March 16, 2020). "Shareholder $2.2B Lawsuit Against Tesla CEO Musk Halted After Trial Postponed Due to Coronavirus". *The Detroit Bureau*. Archived from the original on September 14, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
154. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Mitchell, Russ (September 23, 2019). "Elon Musk knew SolarCity was going broke before merger with Tesla, lawsuit alleges". *Los Angeles Times*. Archived from the original on July 30, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
155. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Hals, Tom (January 30, 2020). "Tesla directors settle, isolating Musk as SolarCity trial looms". *Reuters*. Archived from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
156. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Chase, Randall (August 17, 2020). "Judge OKs $60M settlement over Tesla buyout of SolarCity". *ABC*. Archived from the original on August 25, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
157. ↑ Elon Musk launches Neuralink, a venture to merge the human brain with AI (March 27, 2017).
158. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Winkler, Rolfe (March 27, 2017). "Elon Musk Launches Neuralink to Connect Brains With Computers". *The Wall Street Journal*. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
159. ↑ 159.0 159.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Regalado, Antonio (August 30, 2020). "Elon Musk's Neuralink is neuroscience theater". *MIT Technology Review*. Archived from the original on December 13, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
160. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Cellan-Jones, Rory (September 1, 2020). "Is Elon Musk over-hyping his brain-hacking Neuralink tech?". *BBC News*. Archived from the original on September 12, 2020. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
161. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Rogers, Adam (September 4, 2020). "Neuralink Is Impressive Tech, Wrapped in Musk Hype". *Wired*. Archived from the original on September 6, 2020. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
162. ↑ The Not So Dull Future Of The Boring Company (March 18, 2021).
163. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Heathman, Amelia. "Elon Musk's boring machine has already built a 'test trench' in LA". *Wired UK*. Archived from the original on July 18, 2017. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
164. ↑ Boring Co. underground loop to be put to the test (May 20, 2021).
165. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>McBride, Sarah (December 16, 2020). "Elon Musk's Proposed Vegas Strip Transit System Advanced by City Council Vote". *Bloomberg*. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
166. ↑ Flamethrower – The Boring Company. boringcompany.com.
167. ↑ Elon Musk's Boring Company is now raising money by selling flamethrowers. CNN (January 28, 2018).
168. ↑ Elon Musk Loves This '80s Comedy So Much He Keeps Dropping Hidden Quotes (December 4, 2017).
169. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Kooser, Amanda (January 26, 2018). "Can you crack the password for Elon Musk's flamethrower?". *Cnet*. Archived from the original on March 17, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
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173. ↑ Vance (2015), p. 147, "Elon's worst trait by far, in my opinion, is a complete lack of loyalty or human connection. Many of us worked tirelessly for him for years and were tossed to the curb like a piece of litter without a second thought. Maybe it was calculated to keep the rest of the workforce on their toes and scared; maybe he was just able to detach from human connection to a remarkable degree. What was clear is that people who worked for him were like ammunition: used for a specific purpose until exhausted and discarded.".
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175. ↑ Julia Carrie Wong (June 13, 2018). Tesla workers say they pay the price for Elon Musk's big promises. "The CEO is known for outsized claims and ambitious goals. But numerous factory workers say he doesn't follow through – and that his leadership sets a troubling tone."
176. ↑ Isobel Asher Hamilton (December 13, 2018). Tesla employees were reportedly told not to walk past Elon Musk's desk because of his wild firing rampages. "One Gigafactory manager told Wired that they had stopped employees from walking too close to Musk's desk for fear that a word out of place might end up in their getting fired. The manager called the outbursts "Elon's rage firings.""
177. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Dugan, Ianthe Jeanne; Spector, Mike (August 24, 2017). "Tesla's Push to Build a Self-Driving Car Sparked Dissent Among Its Engineers". *The Wall Street Journal*. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
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185. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Elon Musk Says He Has 'Verbal' OK To Build N.Y.-D.C. Hyperloop". *NPR.org*. Archived from the original on August 31, 2020. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
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188. ↑ Levy, Steven (December 11, 2015). How Elon Musk and Y Combinator Plan to Stop Computers From Taking Over. Backchannel on Medium.
189. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Novet, Jordan (February 2, 2018). "Elon Musk, who has sounded the alarm on AI, leaves the organization he co-founded to make it safer". *CNBC*. Archived from the original on August 30, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
190. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Jordan, Dearbail (July 6, 2018). "Elon Musk offers to help Thai cave rescue". *BBC News*. Archived from the original on October 25, 2018. Retrieved October 25, 2018.
191. ↑ Richard Stanton email correspondence.
192. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Browne, Ryan (July 10, 2018). "Elon Musk takes submarine to Thai cave, but rescue chief reportedly calls it 'not practical'". *CNBC*. Archived from the original on May 23, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
193. ↑ 193.0 193.1 Tested for Thailand, SpaceX's makeshift mini-sub could serve as space escape pod (July 8, 2018).
194. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>McKay, Tom. "Elon Musk Says He's Building a Tiny 'Submarine' to Rescue Thai Soccer Team Trapped in Cave". *Gizmodo*. Archived from the original on August 28, 2018. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
195. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Ferris, Robert (July 10, 2018). "Elon Musk says his 'mini-submarine' can be used for other things". CNBC. Archived from the original on July 13, 2018. Retrieved July 13, 2018.
196. ↑ Lee, Timothy B. (July 10, 2018). Thai official: Elon Musk's submarine "not practical for this mission" [Updated].
197. ↑ Thai king confers awards on two Australian divers for rescue of cave boys. *Reuters* (April 19, 2019).
198. ↑ Template:Cite journal
199. ↑ 199.0 199.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Levin, Sam (July 15, 2018). "Elon Musk calls British diver in Thai cave rescue a 'pedo' in baseless attack". *The Guardian*. London. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved July 15, 2018.
200. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"British caver 'could sue' Elon Musk". *BBC News*. July 16, 2018. Archived from the original on June 24, 2020. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
201. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Safi, Michael; Levin, Sam (July 16, 2018). "British cave diver considering legal action over Elon Musk's 'pedo' attack". *The Guardian*. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
202. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Browne, Ryan (July 18, 2020). "Elon Musk apologizes to British cave diver following baseless 'pedo guy' claim". *CNBC*. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
203. ↑ Chang, Charis (July 18, 2018). Elon Musk apologises for calling Thai rescue diver a 'pedo'.
204. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Krisher, Tom (September 17, 2018). "Diver who helped with Thai cave rescue sues Elon Musk". *Associated Press*. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
205. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Castillo, Michelle (August 29, 2018). "Cave explorer Elon Musk called a 'pedo guy' is preparing a lawsuit". *CNBC*. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
206. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Wattles, Jackie (August 29, 2018). "Lawyer: We're 'finalizing' a libel lawsuit against Elon Musk over 'pedo' tweet". *CNN Money*. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
207. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Marshall, Aarian (October 8, 2019). "Elon Musk's Mouth, and Tweets, Land Him in Trouble Again". *Wired*. Archived from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
208. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>McNamara, Audrey (October 3, 2019). "Elon Musk Hired PI With a Criminal Record to Investigate Cave Rescuer He Called a 'Pedo Guy': Report". *The Daily Beast*. Archived from the original on December 6, 2019. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
209. ↑ Musk says calling diver 'pedo' was not an accusation of pedophilia (September 17, 2019).
210. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Levin, Sam (September 5, 2018). "Elon Musk calls Thailand diver 'child rapist' in latest baseless attack". *The Guardian*. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
211. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Mac, Ryan; Di Stefano, Mark; Paczkowski, John (September 4, 2018). "In A New Email, Elon Musk Accused A Cave Rescuer Of Being A "Child Rapist" And Said He "Hopes" There's A Lawsuit". *Buzzfeed News*. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
212. ↑ Elon Musk Spent a Weird 4 Hours Defending His 'Pedo Guy' Tweet in Federal Court.
213. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Elon Musk sued for libel by British Thai cave rescuer". BBC News. September 17, 2018. Archived from the original on May 26, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
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215. ↑ Mak, Aaron (December 4, 2019). Elon Musk Says "Pedo Guy" Was a Common Insult in His Youth. We Checked With His Schoolmates. *Slate*.
216. ↑ Wong, Julia Carrie (December 4, 2019). Elon Musk: pedo guy insult was 'not classy' but not meant literally. *The Guardian*.
217. ↑ Kolodny, lora (May 10, 2019). Elon Musk found not liable in 'pedo guy' defamation trial.
218. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Groom, Nichola; Parsons, Rachel (December 6, 2019). "Tesla boss Elon Musk wins defamation trial over his 'pedo guy' tweet". *Reuters*. Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
219. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Tesla exodus: Another executive exits as Elon Musk struggles to build mainstream automaker". *USA Today*. Archived from the original on August 25, 2020. Retrieved September 16, 2018.
220. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Stewart, Emily (September 8, 2018). "Elon Musk's week of pot smoking and wild emails, explained". *Vox*. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
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222. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"The Air Force is determining 'the appropriate process' for Elon Musk smoking pot". *The Verge*. Archived from the original on August 25, 2020. Retrieved September 16, 2018.
223. ↑ Donaghey, River (December 7, 2018). Elon Musk Has 'No Idea' How to Smoke Weed, Says Elon Musk.
224. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Gottsegen, Gordon (December 7, 2018). "Despite infamous hit, Elon Musk says he has 'no idea how to smoke pot'". *Cnet*. Archived from the original on November 19, 2019. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
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230. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Harris, Mark (January 23, 2019). "How Elon Musk's secretive foundation hands out his billions". *The Guardian*. London. Archived from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
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232. ↑ 232.0 232.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Cuccinello, Hayley C. (September 8, 2020). "Elon Musk Has Promised To Give At Least Half His Fortune To Charity. Here's How Much He's Donated So Far". *Forbes*. Archived from the original on December 13, 2020. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
233. ↑ 233.0 233.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Schleifer, Theodore (January 11, 2021). "The big decision before Elon Musk, now the richest person in the world". *Vox*. Archived from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
234. ↑ Coren, Michael J.. All the causes Elon Musk's foundation has donated money to since 2002.
235. ↑ OpenAI shifts from nonprofit to 'capped-profit' to attract capital.
236. ↑ Pledge Signatories.
237. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Feloni, Richard (March 21, 2018). "Silicon Valley could help the last people you'd expect — and Elon Musk has given $15 million to a contest that will prove it". *Business Insider*. Archived from the original on May 19, 2019. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
238. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Popken, Ben (January 22, 2021). "Elon Musk to donate sliver of net worth for carbon capture". *NBC News*. Archived from the original on February 5, 2021. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
239. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Clifford, Catherine (January 22, 2021). "Elon Musk is donating a $100 million prize for carbon capture technology — here's what that means". *CNBC*. Archived from the original on February 8, 2021. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
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242. ↑ Elon Musk Donates $1 Million to New Tesla Museum (en).
243. ↑ Sheetz, Michael (March 22, 2022). Elon Musk's SpaceX sent thousands of Starlink satellite internet dishes to Ukraine, company's president says (en).
244. ↑ Ivana Saric (March 6, 2022). Zelensky thanks Elon Musk for sending Starlink satellites to Ukraine. *Axios*.
245. ↑ Zoe Tidman (March 6, 2022). Ukraine's Zelensky thanks Elon Musk for sending Starlink systems. *The Independent*.
246. ↑ 246.0 246.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Imbert, Fred (April 4, 2022). "Twitter shares close up 27% after Elon Musk takes 9% stake in social media company". *CNBC*. Retrieved April 19, 2022. Twitter shares close up 27% after Elon Musk takes 9% stake in social media company
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248. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Elon Musk delayed filing a form and made $156 million". *Washington Post*. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
249. ↑ Gatekeepers Very Afraid That Elon Musk Will Remove the Gates From Twitter. Reason (April 14, 2022).
250. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Elon Musk snaps up $3bn Twitter stake". *BBC News*. April 4, 2022. Retrieved April 4, 2022.
251. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Jones, Callum. "Elon Musk becomes Twitter's biggest shareholder after taking 9.2% stake". *The Times*. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved April 4, 2022.
252. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Turner, Giles; Trudell, Craig (April 2, 2022). "Elon Musk Takes 9.2% Stake in Twitter After Hinting at Shake-Up". *Bloomberg*. Retrieved April 4, 2022.
253. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Placido, Dani Di. "Twitter Users Fear The Influence Of Elon Musk". *Forbes*. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
254. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Corfield, Gareth (April 5, 2022). "Elon Musk to join Twitter board". *The Telegraph*. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved April 5, 2022.
255. ↑ Form 8-K. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (April 4, 2022).
256. ↑ McLean, Rob (April 11, 2022). Twitter CEO: Elon Musk will not join Twitter board.
257. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Adler, Maxwell; Turner, Giles (April 14, 2022). "Elon Musk Makes $43 Billion Unsolicited Bid to Take Twitter Private". *Bloomberg.com*. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
258. ↑ Elon Musk launches hostile takeover bid for Twitter (en) (April 14, 2022).
259. ↑ U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (April 13, 2022).
260. ↑ Why Does Elon Musk's Potential Twitter Takeover Scare the Media So Much?. Reason (April 18, 2022).
261. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Feiner, Lauren (April 15, 2022). "Twitter board adopts 'poison pill' after Musk's $43 billion bid to buy company". *CNBC*. Retrieved April 18, 2022.
262. ↑ Musk-Twitter Deal Values Company at Around $44 Billion. Wall Street Journal.
263. ↑ Elon Musk to buy Twitter. CNN (April 25, 2022).
264. ↑ It's happening: Elon Musk strikes deal to buy Twitter for $44 billion. Ars Technica (April 25, 2022).
265. ↑ Elon Musk reaches deal to buy Twitter. MSN.
266. ↑ Elon Musk Buys Twitter, Twitter's Biggest Egos Melt Down. Reason (April 25, 2022).
267. ↑ Elon Musk Is Officially Buying Twitter. Gizmodo.
268. ↑ Elon Musk Buys Twitter For $44 Billion. Huffington Post (April 25, 2022).
269. ↑ Klebnikov, Sergei (August 8, 2017). 8 Innovative Ways Elon Musk Made Money Before He Was a Billionaire.
270. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Melby, Caleb (March 12, 2012). "How Elon Musk Became A Billionaire Twice Over". *Forbes*. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
271. ↑ Frank, Robert (January 7, 2021). Elon Musk is now the richest person in the world, passing Jeff Bezos.
272. ↑ 272.0 272.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>O'Kane, Sean (January 7, 2021). "Elon Musk passes Jeff Bezos to become the richest person on Earth". *The Verge*. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
273. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Pitcher, Jack (September 8, 2020). "Elon Musk Loses Record $16.3 Billion With Wild Wealth Swings". *Bloomberg*. Archived from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
274. ↑ 274.0 274.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Neate, Rupert (November 14, 2020). "Elon Musk overtakes Bill Gates to become world's second-richest person". *The Guardian*. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
275. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Elon Musk becomes world's richest person as wealth tops $185bn". *BBC News*. January 7, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
276. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Palmer, Annie (February 16, 2021). "Jeff Bezos overtakes Elon Musk to reclaim spot as world's richest person". *CNBC*. Archived from the original on February 16, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
277. ↑ Cai, Kenrick. Elon Musk Eclipses $200 Billion To Become Richest Person In The World Again (en).
278. ↑ Haverstock, Eliza (November 2, 2021). Elon Musk Is The First Person Worth More Than $300 Billion. *Forbes*.
279. ↑ 279.0 279.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Sorkin, Andrew Ross (January 23, 2018). "Tesla's Elon Musk May Have Boldest Pay Plan in Corporate History". *The New York Times*. Archived from the original on February 11, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
280. ↑ 280.0 280.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>O'Kane, Sean (May 28, 2020). "Elon Musk reaches first Tesla compensation award worth nearly $800 million". *The Verge*. Archived from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
281. ↑ 281.0 281.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Browne, Ryan (December 20, 2021). "Elon Musk says he will pay over $11 billion in taxes this year". CNBC. Retrieved March 3, 2022.
282. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Mangan, Dan (June 8, 2021). "Bezos, Buffett, Bloomberg, Musk, Icahn and Soros pay tiny fraction of wealth in income taxes, report reveals". *CNBC*. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
283. ↑ 283.0 283.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Pendeleton, Devon (January 6, 2021). "Elon Musk Surpasses Jeff Bezos to Become World's Richest Person". *Bloomberg*. Archived from the original on January 6, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
284. ↑ 284.0 284.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Higgins, Tim (May 8, 2020). "Elon Musk, Tech's Cash-Poor Billionaire". *The Wall Street Journal*. Archived from the original on February 16, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
285. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Popken, Ben (January 22, 2021). "Musk to donate sliver of net worth for carbon capture". *NBC News*. Archived from the original on February 5, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
286. ↑ Woodward, Alex (March 22, 2021). Bernie Sanders responds to Elon Musk's space travel plans with call for progressive taxes.
287. ↑ Mosher, Dave. Elon Musk used to fly 'a Russian fighter jet' while founding SpaceX and Tesla and raising his kids (en-US).
288. ↑ Which jets do Jeff Bezos and other tech billionaires own? (en) (March 15, 2019).
289. ↑ 289.0 289.1 Geuss, Megan (January 30, 2019). Elon Musk's private jet appears to make frivolous flights, per Washington Post.
290. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Harris, Mark (July 5, 2020). "Would You Pay $7,500 to Educate Your Kid Like Elon Musk's?". *The Daily Beast*. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
291. ↑ Rapier, Graham. Elon Musk now has another lavish Gulfstream private jet in his arsenal (en-US).
292. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Harwell, Drew (January 29, 2019). "Elon Musk's highflying 2018: What 150,000 miles in a private jet reveal about his 'excruciating' year". *The Washington Post*. Retrieved May 14, 2021.
293. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Elon Musk, SpaceX Founder, Battles Entrenched Rivals Over NASA Contracts". *The Huffington Post*. February 20, 2013. Archived from the original on May 30, 2015. Retrieved May 30, 2015.
294. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Roth, Madeline (September 29, 2020). "Elon Musk says he may vote for Trump, despite climate crisis". *The Independent*. Archived from the original on April 12, 2021. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
295. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Bhuiyan, Johana (December 14, 2016). "Elon Musk and Travis Kalanick are joining Donald Trump's strategic and policy forum". *Vox*. Archived from the original on March 25, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
296. ↑ Cuthbertson, Anthony (December 15, 2016). Donald Trump has asked for Elon Musk's help.
297. ↑ Lee, Timothy B. (June 1, 2017). Elon Musk has cut ties with Trump over his Paris decision.
298. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Maria Jose Valero (August 10, 2019). "Elon Musk Says He Supports 2020 White House Hopeful Andrew Yang". *Bloomberg*. Archived from the original on April 6, 2020. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
299. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
300. ↑ Grush, Loren (May 11, 2020). Elon Musk thinks the best government for Mars is a direct democracy.
301. ↑ Elon Musk declines to address Texas abortion law directly after Gov. Greg Abbott's comments (September 2, 2021).
302. ↑ Levin, Bess (October 27, 2021). Elon Musk Throws a S--t Fit Over the Possibility of Being Taxed His Fair Share.
303. ↑ Elon Musk Tweets Vulgar Crack at Sen. Ron Wyden (November 8, 2021).
304. ↑ Grimes tells Elon Musk that she 'cannot support hate' after he tweets 'pronouns suck' (July 25, 2020).
305. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Kirkpatrick, Emily (July 27, 2020). "Grimes Told Elon Musk to Turn Off His Phone After Tweeting That "Pronouns Suck"". *Vanity Fair*. Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
306. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>O'Connor, Roisin (July 25, 2020). "Grimes tells Elon Musk 'turn off your phone' after Tesla CEO's gender pronouns tweet". *The Independent*. Archived from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
307. ↑ Elon Musk's Transphobia on Twitter Is Not a Joke (July 28, 2020).
308. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Kolodny, Lora (December 17, 2020). "Elon Musk should apologize for mocking gender pronouns, says group that gave Tesla top LGBTQ-friendly rating". *CNBC*. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved December 24, 2020.
309. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Harevy, Josephine (December 16, 2020). "Elon Musk Skewered For Tweet Complaining About Pronouns In Bios". *The Huffington Post*. Archived from the original on January 12, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
310. ↑ Kolodny, Lora (October 8, 2021). Elon Musk endorses a carbon tax, downplays concerns about methane (en).
311. ↑ Clifford, Catherine (February 12, 2021). Elon Musk: 'My top recommendation' for reducing greenhouse gas emissions is a carbon tax (en).
312. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Werber, Cassie. "Elon Musk says tax-free carbon is "the dumbest experiment in history"". *Quartz*. Archived from the original on August 26, 2020. Retrieved August 30, 2016.
313. ↑ Taxpayer Subsidies Helped Tesla Motors, So Why Does Elon Musk Slam Them?.
314. ↑ Lalljee, Jason (December 15, 2021). Elon Musk is speaking out against government subsidies. Here's a list of the billions of dollars his businesses have received. (en-US).
315. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Plumer, Brad (July 8, 2017). "When Will Electric Cars Go Mainstream? It May Be Sooner Than You Think". *The New York Times*. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 8, 2017. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
316. ↑ Kharpal, Arjun (May 18, 2021). What 'regulatory credits' are — and why they're so important to Tesla (en).
317. ↑ In struggle to meet EU rule, automakers turn to Tesla for credits (en-GB).
318. ↑ Fiat Chrysler to pay Tesla for CO2 emissions credits (en-GB) (April 8, 2019).
319. ↑ Volkswagen to buy CO2 credits from Tesla in China (en-US) (April 5, 2021).
320. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Stewart, Jack (October 6, 2018). "What Are Shorts and Why Does Elon Hate Them?". *Wired*. Archived from the original on January 29, 2021. Retrieved March 6, 2021.
321. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Graziosi, Graig (January 29, 2021). "Elon Musk lashes out at short sellers during GameStop market war". *The Independent*. Archived from the original on January 29, 2021. Retrieved March 6, 2021.
322. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"What Are Shorts and Why Does Elon Musk Hate Them?". *Wired*. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
323. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Levine, Matt (February 4, 2021). "Who's Winning the GameStop Game?". *Bloomberg*. Archived from the original on February 5, 2021. Retrieved February 4, 2021.
324. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Gelles, David (January 29, 2021). "Elon Musk Becomes Unlikely Anti-Establishment Hero in GameStop Saga". *The New York Times*. Archived from the original on February 4, 2021. Retrieved February 4, 2021.
325. ↑ Musk says he supports crypto in battle with fiat money (May 22, 2021).
326. ↑ Template:Cite ssrn
327. ↑ SEC Should Monitor Tesla's Elon Musk for Market Manipulation: Roubini.
328. ↑ Pengelly, Martin (November 14, 2021). Elon Musk targets Bernie Sanders over tax: 'I keep forgetting you're still alive'.
329. ↑ Maruf, Ramishah. 'I keep forgetting you're still alive:' Elon Musk trolls Bernie Sanders on Twitter.
330. ↑ Lenthang, Marlene (November 15, 2021). Elon Musk targets Sen. Bernie Sanders over tax tweet: 'I keep forgetting that you're still alive'.
331. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Elon Musk doubled down on his theory that the world population is headed for collapse". *Business Insider*. June 21, 2019.
332. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Population decline and smaller families good news for climate, says former head of FSA". *The Independent*. October 18, 2021.
333. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Elon Musk claims population collapse 'potentially the greatest risk to the future of civilization'". *CambridgeshireLive*. July 29, 2021.
334. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Elon Musk says there aren't 'enough people,' birthrate could threaten human civilization". *USA Today*. December 7, 2021.
335. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Jin, Hyunjoo (December 22, 2021). "Tesla's Musk says he sold 'enough stock'; slams California for 'overtaxation'". *Reuters*. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
337. ↑ Ivana Saric (March 6, 2022). Zelensky thanks Elon Musk for sending Starlink satellites to Ukraine. *Axios*.
338. ↑ Zoe Tidman (March 6, 2022). Ukraine's Zelensky thanks Elon Musk for sending Starlink systems. *The Independent*.
339. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"SpaceX's Musk says Starlink has been told by some governments to block Russian news". *Reuters*. March 6, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2022.
340. ↑ Porter, Jon (April 4, 2022). Elon Musk buys 9.2 percent of Twitter amid complaints about free speech (en).
341. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Kolodny, Lora (March 17, 2020). "Tesla factory is still open for business as Musk tells employees 'I will personally be at work'". *CNBC*. Archived from the original on May 10, 2020. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
342. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Koren, Marina (May 10, 2020). "The Cult of Elon Is Cracking". *The Atlantic*. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved February 2, 2021.
343. ↑ Elon Musk claims he tested positive and negative for coronavirus on the same day after four tests (November 13, 2020).
344. ↑ Brandom, Russell (April 29, 2020). Elon Musk is dangerously wrong about the novel coronavirus.
345. ↑ McFall-Johnsen, Morgan (November 25, 2020). Elon Musk promoted coronavirus misinformation for months. Then his own infection kept him out of SpaceX's astronaut launch..
346. ↑ Walsh, Joe. Elon Musk's False Covid Predictions: A Timeline (en).
347. ↑ Ritschel, Chelsea (July 2, 2020). Elon Musk 'mansplains' coronavirus to infectious disease expert.
348. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Coronavirus: Elon Musk 'child immunity' tweet will stay online". *BBC News*. March 20, 2020. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
349. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Fried, Ina (March 20, 2020). "Twitter lets Musk's coronavirus misinformation stand". *Axios*. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved February 2, 2021.
350. ↑ 350.0 350.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>O'Kane, Sean (March 20, 2020). "Twitter won't remove irresponsible Elon Musk tweet about coronavirus". *The Verge*. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
351. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Cooper, Gael Fashingbauer (March 6, 2020). "Elon Musk draws ire after calling panic over coronavirus epidemic 'dumb'". *Cnet*. Archived from the original on September 3, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
352. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Bursztynsky, Jessica (March 6, 2020). "Elon Musk says 'the coronavirus panic is dumb' as tech peers shift to remote work". *CNBC*. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
353. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Boudette, Neal E.; Flitter, Emily (May 9, 2020). "Elon Musk Lashes Out at Officials Keeping Tesla Plant Closed Over Virus". *The New York Times*. Archived from the original on September 1, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
354. ↑ Tesla Plan to Keep Factory Open Thrown Up in Air by Sheriff (March 18, 2020).
355. ↑ U.S. Department of Homeland Security (December 4, 2018). Critical Manufacturing Sector.
356. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Tiku, Nitasha; Siddiqui, Faiz (April 30, 2020). "Elon Musk mobilizes tech elites behind reopening society". *The Washington Post*. Archived from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved February 2, 2021.
357. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Darby, Luke (May 12, 2020). "After Predicting "Close to Zero New Cases" by the End of April, Elon Musk Defies Public Health Orders and Reopens Tesla Factory". *GQ*. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
358. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Koren, Marina (May 20, 2020). "The Cult of Elon Is Cracking". *The Atlantic*. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
359. ↑ Stanton, Zack (December 29, 2020). The Worst Predictions of 2020. *Politico*.
360. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Andrews, Travis M. (November 17, 2020). "A scientist's viral tweet called Elon Musk 'Space Karen' — as a way to defend science". *The Washington Post*. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2021. On Sunday, that misinformation came from Tesla and SpaceX founder Elon Musk, who tweeted about rapid antigen tests to his more than 40 million followers. "Something extremely bogus is going on," Musk wrote.
361. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Pesce, Nicole Lyn (November 21, 2020). "Why Elon Musk is being called 'Space Karen' on Twitter". *Market Watch*. Archived from the original on November 29, 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
362. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Cuthbertson, Anthony (November 16, 2020). "Elon Musk Forced to Watch Historic SpaceX Launch from Home and Mocked as 'Space Karen' After Catching COVID". *The Independent*. Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
363. ↑ We will give away all our ventilators, whether we buy them or build them.
364. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Johnson, Martin (April 17, 2020). "California hospitals say Elon Musk sent them BiPAP, CPAP machines, not ventilators". *The Hill*. Archived from the original on October 25, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
365. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Carville, Olivia; Hull, Dana (April 17, 2020). "Elon Musk's 'Ventilators' Arrived at Hospitals — With Some Assembly Required". *Bloomberg*. Archived from the original on January 29, 2021. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
366. ↑ Template:Cite journal
367. ↑ Researchers Modify Sleep Apnea Machines to Ease Ventilator Shortage. *AJMC*.
368. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Krouse, Sarah (February 20, 2021). "Elon Musk Got 4,000 SpaceX Workers to Join a Covid-19 Study. Here's What He Learned". *The Wall Street Journal*. Archived from the original on February 22, 2021. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
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370. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Gibbs, Samuel (October 27, 2014). "Elon Musk: artificial intelligence is our biggest existential threat". *The Guardian*. Archived from the original on October 30, 2015. Retrieved December 15, 2015.
371. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Elon Musk and Stephen Hawking think we should ban killer robots". *The Washington Post*. July 28, 2015. Archived from the original on March 8, 2016. Retrieved January 5, 2017.
372. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Shead, Sam (May 13, 2020). "Elon Musk has a complex relationship with the A.I. community". *CNBC*. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
373. ↑ Facebook's head of AI says Elon Musk 'has no idea what he is talking about' (May 13, 2020).
374. ↑ Elon Musk 'Nuts' To Call For AI Regulation, Says Facebook's Chief AI Scientist (September 28, 2018).
375. ↑ Shead, Sam (May 13, 2020). Elon Musk has a complex relationship with the A.I. community.
376. ↑ Clifford, Catherine (July 24, 2017). Mark Zuckerberg: Elon Musk's doomsday AI predictions are irresponsible.
377. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Solon, Olivia (July 25, 2017). "Killer robots? Musk and Zuckerberg escalate row over dangers of AI". *The Guardian*. Archived from the original on January 30, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
378. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Metz, Cade (June 9, 2018). "Mark Zuckerberg, Elon Musk and the Feud Over Killer Robots". *The New York Times*. Archived from the original on February 15, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
379. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"We are living in a computer simulation, Elon Musk says". *The Independent*. June 2, 2016. Archived from the original on September 7, 2017. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
380. ↑ Tobak, Steve (October 21, 2016). The Chances That Life Is Really a Computer Simulation.
381. ↑ GmbH, finanzen net. Elon Musk says the metaverse seems more like a marketing buzzword right now than a reality (en).
382. ↑ Vincent, James (December 22, 2021). Elon Musk: metaverse isn't 'compelling' and Web3 'more marketing than reality' (en).
383. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Hunt, Elle (December 21, 2017). "'I met my wife on a train platform': Twitter responds to Elon Musk with positive public transport stories". *The Guardian*. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on March 14, 2018. Retrieved December 23, 2017.
384. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Marshall, Aarian (December 14, 2017). "Elon Musk Really Doesn't Like Mass Transit Systems He's Trying to Build". *Wired*. Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2017.
385. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Brown, Mike (December 15, 2017). "Elon Musk Sparks Heated Twitter Debate Over Boring Company's Vision". *Inverse*. Archived from the original on October 10, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2017.
386. ↑ 386.0 386.1 Vuchic, Vukan R. (April 26, 2012). "Ensuring Sustainability Through Mass Transit" (in EN). *Urban Public Transportation System*. pp. 483–489. doi:10.1061/40717(148)42. ISBN 978-0-7844-0717-2. https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/40717%28148%2942.
387. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Marshall, Aarian. "Elon Musk Really Doesn't Like Mass Transit Systems He's Trying to Build". *Wired*. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
388. ↑ Sampson, Rich. What Elon Musk doesn't understand about public transit hurts everyone (en).
389. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>LeVine, Steve (December 28, 2017). "Elon Musk's mean Twitter persona". *Axios*. Archived from the original on December 29, 2017. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
390. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Hunt, Elle (December 21, 2017). "'I met my wife on a train platform': Twitter responds to Elon Musk with positive public transport stories". *The Guardian*. London. Archived from the original on August 27, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
391. ↑ 391.0 391.1 A Look at Elon Musk's Rocky Romantic History.
392. ↑ Locke, Taylor (November 2, 2019). Why Elon Musk says taking 'vacations will kill you' (en).
393. ↑ Vance (2015), p. 117.
394. ↑ 394.0 394.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Crowley, James (September 14, 2021). "Elon Musk's Kids: Meet His 6 Kids From Oldest To Youngest, & Their Moms". *Holywood Life*. Retrieved September 16, 2021.
395. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Musk, Justine (September 10, 2010). ""I Was a Starter Wife": Inside America's Messiest Divorce". *Marie Claire*. Archived from the original on July 30, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
396. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Musk, Elon (July 8, 2010). "Elon Musk: Correcting The Record About My Divorce". *Business Insider*. Archived from the original on July 22, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020.
397. ↑ Vance (2015), pp. 193-195.
398. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Actor Talulah Riley files to divorce billionaire Elon Musk, again". *The Guardian*. Associated Press. March 21, 2016. Retrieved April 20, 2016. The pair first married in 2010 and divorced in 2012. They remarried 18 months later.
399. ↑ Boyle, Alan (January 18, 2012). SpaceX's millionaire founder tweets about marital split. NBC News.
400. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Elliott, Hannah (March 3, 2012). "At Home With Elon Musk: The (Soon-to-Be) Bachelor Billionaire". *Forbes*. Archived from the original on August 4, 2013. Retrieved August 12, 2013.
401. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Lai, Jennifer (January 19, 2012). "Elon Musk Divorce: Announces Split From Talulah Riley On Twitter". *The Huffington Post*. Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2013.
402. ↑ "Elon Musk Divorce: Announces Split From Talulah Riley On Twitter" Template:Webarchive, *The Huffington Post*, January 19, 2012.
403. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Elon Musk and Talulah Riley divorce for a second time". *The Daily Telegraph*. October 22, 2016. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on June 30, 2018. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
404. ↑ Kimble, Lindsay (November 18, 2016). Elon Musk and Talulah Riley Are Divorced for a Second Time.
405. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Jensen, Erin (April 24, 2017). "Amber Heard, Elon Musk make 'Cheeky' public debut together". *USA Today*. Archived from the original on January 30, 2021. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
406. ↑ 406.0 406.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Sigel, Tatiana (December 6, 2018). "Amber Heard on Her Secret Passion, Elon Musk and a Splashy New Role". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Archived from the original on December 6, 2018. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
407. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Holden, Michael (July 21, 2020). "Actress Heard denies Depp claim of affair with Elon Musk". *Reuters*. Archived from the original on January 30, 2021. Retrieved January 30, 2021.
408. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Bradley, Laura (July 18, 2020). "Amber Heard Accused of Having Late-Night Meetups With Elon Musk in Johnny Depp Trial". *The Daily Beast*. Archived from the original on January 30, 2021. Retrieved January 30, 2021.
409. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Brown, David (February 12, 2021). "Johnny Depp drags Elon Musk into Amber Heard libel saga". *The Times*. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved September 5, 2021.
410. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Holden, Michael (July 21, 2020). "Actress Heard denies Depp claim of affair with Elon Musk". *Reuters*. Retrieved September 5, 2021.
411. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Grimes is dating Elon Musk". *Consequence of Sound*. May 7, 2018. Archived from the original on April 21, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
412. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
413. ↑ Antonelli, William (December 14, 2019). Elon Musk made a surprise appearance at one of the biggest gaming events of the year to support his girlfriend, Grimes (de-DE).
414. ↑ Kiefer, Halle (May 4, 2020). Grimes and Elon Musk's Baby Has Arrived, Just As Legend Foretold.
415. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Trepany, Charles (May 5, 2020). "Elon Musk shares first photo of his and Grimes' new baby boy: 'Mom and baby all good'". *USA Today*. Archived from the original on May 29, 2020. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
416. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Schwedel, Heather (May 5, 2020). "What Does Elon Musk and Grimes' Baby Name Actually Mean?". *Slate Magazine*. Archived from the original on May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
417. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Lerman, Rachel (May 8, 2020). "Elon Musk's baby name isn't just weird, it may be against California regulations". *The Washington Post*. Archived from the original on December 31, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
418. ↑ Guy, Jack (May 25, 2020). Elon Musk and Grimes have changed their baby's name. A bit.
419. ↑ Cooper, Gael Fashingbauer (June 16, 2020). Elon Musk and Grimes saved a surprise for son X Æ A-12's birth certificate. CNET.
420. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Ivie, Devon (September 24, 2021). "Elon Musk and Grimes Took the Red Pill and Broke Up". *Vulture*. Archived from the original on September 24, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
421. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Elon Musk says he and partner Grimes are semi-separated". *BBC News*. September 24, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
422. ↑ Hartmans, Avery. Elon Musk says he's single and basically living in a 'technology monastery' following his split with Grimes (en-US).
423. ↑ D'Zurilla, Christie (March 11, 2022). Never mind that new baby: Grimes and Elon Musk have broken up again, she says. *Los Angeles Times*. Retrieved on March 14, 2022.
424. ↑ 424.0 424.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Musk Relocates to Texas, Criticizes 'Complacent' California". *BloombergNews*. December 8, 2020. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
425. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Somerville, Heather (December 8, 2020). "Elon Musk Moves to Texas, Takes Jab at Silicon Valley". *The Wall Street Journal*. Archived from the original on December 12, 2020. Retrieved December 13, 2020.
426. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Yahr, Emily (May 8, 2021). "Elon Musk reveals he has Asperger's syndrome during SNL monologue". *The Washington Post*. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved May 9, 2021.
427. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
428. ↑ Bova, Dan (December 21, 2016). 'Why Him?' Director on Elon Musk's Amazing 'I Can't Come to Work Today' Excuse.
429. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Alexander, Bryan (June 17, 2019). "Which celebrities are revealed as space aliens in 'Men in Black: International'? (spoilers)". *USA Today*. Archived from the original on February 5, 2021. Retrieved January 19, 2021.
430. ↑ Elon Musk SpaceX Tesla on the Simpsons (January 27, 2015).
431. ↑ Tesla CEO Elon Musk To Appear on Upcoming Episode of the Big Bang Theory.
432. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>The Mercury News (November 25, 2016). "Elon Musk uses 'South Park' to fire back at trolls". *The Denver Post*. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
433. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Kurp, Josh (November 18, 2016). "Elon Musk Joins The Short List Of 'South Park' Guest Stars To Voice Themselves". *Yahoo News*. Archived from the original on November 19, 2016. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
434. ↑ Schedeen, Jesse (November 25, 2019). Elon Musk's Rick and Morty Cameo Finally Explains His 'Elon Tusk' Twitter Joke. IGN.
435. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Cooper, Gael Fashingbauer (November 25, 2019). "Elon Musk shows up on Rick and Morty as Elon Tusk, head of Tuskla". *Cnet*. Archived from the original on August 21, 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
436. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Itzkoff, Dave (May 9, 2021). "Elon Musk Hosts a Mother's Day Episode of 'Saturday Night Live'". *The New York Times*. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved May 27, 2021.
437. ↑ Tesla Stars In "Racing Extinction" Documentary. CleanTechnica (December 2, 2015).
438. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Ladan, Tanja M. (August 24, 2016). "Werner Herzog Hacks the Horrors of Connectivity in 'Lo and Behold'". *Vice*. Archived from the original on February 4, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
439. ↑ Forget world's richest man, Elon Musk is a hot Chinese trademark icon (en) (October 28, 2021).
440. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Elon Musk elected as Fellow of the Royal Society". *Sky News*. May 9, 2018. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
441. ↑ SEAS Celebrates Class of 2015, Honors Innovators Elon Musk and Dean Kamen. Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science (May 18, 2015).
442. ↑ IEEE Honorary Membership Recipients. IEEE.
443. ↑ George M. Low Space Transportation Award (en).
444. ↑ Barron Hilton and Elon Musk honoured with the highest FAI awards. Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (December 16, 2010).
445. ↑ 2012 RAeS Gold Medal.
446. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Favreau, Jon (April 29, 2010). "Elon Musk". *Time*. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
447. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Branson, Richard (April 18, 2013). "Elon Musk". *Time*. Archived from the original on February 12, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
448. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Milner, Yuri. "Elon Musk". *Time*. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
449. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
450. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Flynn, Kerry (December 13, 2021). "Time Person of the Year: Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla and SpaceX, named most influential of 2021". *CNN*. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
451. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Felsenthal, Edward (December 13, 2021). "Time 2021 The choice Elon Musk". *Time*. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
452. ↑ For breakthroughs in the design, engineering, manufacturing, and operation of reusable launch vehicles and sustainable transportation and energy systems. (February 9, 2022).

### Works cited

* Belfiore, Michael (2007). *Rocketeers*. New York City: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-114902-3.
* Jackson, Erik (2004). *The PayPal Wars: Battles with EBay, the Media, the Mafia, and the Rest of Planet Earth*. Los Angeles: World Ahead Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9746701-0-2.
* Kidder, David; Hoffman, Reid (2013). *The Startup Playbook: Secrets of the Fastest Growing Start-Ups from the founding Entrepreneurs*. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. ISBN 978-1-4521-0504-8.
* Vance, Ashlee (2015). *Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future*. HarperCollinsPublishers. ISBN 978-0-06-230123-9.

## External links

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* Template:C-SPAN
* Elon Musk at IMDb
* Template:TED speaker
* Elon Musk on Twitter**Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).****Lua error in Module:WikidataCheck at line 28: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).**
* *Forbes* profile
* List of inventions & patents

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