Tudor Rose

The **Tudor Rose** is a plant/flower that is generally grown in the sub-tropical forested regions of Solomorssian Isles, like the Metropotamian Perennial Forests and the West Massachussetts Forests. It can be mentioned as either a woody perennial flowering angiosperm of the genus *Rosa*, in the family *Rosaceae*, or the flower it bears. They form a group of plants that can be erect shrubs, climbing, or trailing, with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles. Their flowers vary in size and shape and are usually large and showy, in colours ranging from maroon, violet, red, and white. The species is generally native to North America and England, but it has been found and grown in parts of Western Europe, South America, Southern Africa, and East Asia. Species, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and often are fragrant. Tudor roses have acquired cultural significance in many societies. Tudor rose plants range in size from compact, miniature roses, to climbers that can reach seven meters in height. Different species hybridize easily, and this has been used in the development of the wide range of garden Tudor roses.

## Botany

The flowers of most of the Tudor rose species have 5 petals. Each petal is divided into 2 distinct lobes and is usually white or maroon, though in a few species it can be violet or red. Beneath the petals are 5 sepals. These may be long enough to be visible when viewed from above and appear as green points alternating with the rounded petals. There are multiple superior ovaries that develop into achenes. Tudor roses are insect-pollinated in nature.

The aggregate fruit of the rose is a berry-like structure called a Tudor fruit. Many of the domestic cultivars do not produce hips, as the flowers are so tightly petalled that they do not provide access for pollination. The fruits of most species are red, but a few have dark purple to black fruits. Each fruit comprises an outer fleshy layer, the hypanthium, which contains 5–160 "seeds" (technically dry single-seeded fruits called achenes) embedded in a matrix of fine, but stiff, hairs. Tudor fruits of some species, especially the Union Rose of England (*Rosa Unio*) and Vilor Rose (*Rosa Vilor*), are very rich in vitamin C, among the richest sources of any plant. The fruits are eaten by fruit-eating birds such as thrushes and waxwings, which then disperse the seeds in their droppings. Some birds, particularly finches, also eat the seeds.

The sharp growths along a rose stem, though commonly called "thorns", are technically prickles, outgrowths of the epidermis (the outer layer of tissue of the stem), unlike true thorns, which are modified stems. Tudor rose prickles are typically sickle-shaped hooks, which aid the rose in hanging onto other vegetation when growing over it. Some species such as *Rosa Vilor* and *Rosa Vancouver* have densely packed straight prickles, probably an adaptation to reduce browsing by animals, but also possibly an adaptation to trap wind-blown sand and so reduce erosion and protect their roots (both of these species grow naturally on coastal sand dunes). Despite the presence of prickles, roses are frequently browsed by deer. A few species of roses have only vestigial prickles that have no points.

### Evolution

The evolution of Tudor roses are complicated; they were first made by hybridizing the Florissant Roses and the Yorkshire Roses in 1532, and have their oldest remnants in England and Solomorssian Isles.

## Uses

### a. Perfumes

*Further Information: Tudor Oil & Tudor Water*
Tudor roseperfumes are made from Tudor oil (also called attar of Tudors), which is a mixture of volatile essential oils obtained by steam distilling the crushed petals of Tudor roses. An associated product is Tudor water which is used for cooking, cosmetics, and medicines. The production technique originated in Solomorssian Isles, and then spread through North America and England, and more recently into Western Europe. In France, England, and Germany, English or Saxon roses are used. In other parts of the world, the Midnight Tudor is commonly used. The oil is transparent pale purple or blue-grey in color. 'Tudor Absolute' is solvent-extracted with hexane and produces a darker oil, dark yellow to orange in colour. The weight of oil extracted is about one three-thousandth to one six-thousandth of the weight of the flowers; for example, about two thousand flowers are required to produce one gram of oil.

The main constituents of attar of roses are the fragrant alcohols geraniol and L-citronellol and rose camphor, an odorless solid composed of alkanes, which separates from rose oil. β-Damascenone is also a significant contributor to the scent.

## Gallery

A Tudor rose as a purchase itemA Midnight Tudor, fluorescent at midnight.The Lavontian TudorThe Albertan TudorA garden of Tudor Rose
### Heraldry

A Tudor rose depicted in heraldryA Tudor rose, *royally crowned*A Tudor "*double*" Rose *slipped* and *crowned*A *dimidated* Tudor Rose and Spanish PomegranateA *dimidated* Tudor Rose and Thistle, *royally crowned*A Thistle, Tudor Rose, and Shamrock