recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Napoleon III

Portrait by Franz Xaver Winterhalter, 1855.

**Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte**, named Emperor as **Napoleon III**, was the President of France from 1848 to 1852 and the Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870.

He was the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte and son of Louis Bonaparte. After being elected president in 1848, he took absolute control of France and crowned himself Emperor in 1852, trying to replicate his uncle. He founded the Second French Empire upon his coronation.

He was very popular during his reign, using referendums to guide his decisions. He modernized the French economy and reconstructed Paris within his 'Napoleon III style' architectural guidelines. He also expanded the French colonial empire and made the French merchant navy the second largest in the world.

Under his reign France participated in many wars, most notably, he allied with Italy against Austria in the Second Italian War of Independence, attempted to invade Mexico to place Maxillian Habsburg-Lorraine on the Mexican throne, and disastrously failed a war with Prussia in the Franco-Prussian War, which resulted in the collapse of the French Empire and Napoleon being removed from the French throne in 1870.

He was held near Kassel (modern-day Germany) by the Prussians until the Franco-Prussian War ended in 1871. After he was released he went into exile in Chislehurst, Kent, England. In the summer of 1872, he underwent a failed surgery and died on 9 January 1873 due to complications from the surgery.

Throughout his life, he also had many lovers and mistresses. He is quoted as saying *"It is usually the man who attacks. As for me, I defend myself, and I often capitulate."*
Aodh Ruadh Ó Domhnaill

Drawing of Aodh Ruadh Ó Domhnaill

**Aodh Ruadh Ó Domhnaill** (*Hugh Roe O'Donnell*), also known as **Red Hugh O'Donnell**, was an Irish nobleman, ruler of Tír Chonaill (*Tyrconnell*) and member of the Ó Domhnaill *(Donnell)* dynasty. He was a main figure in Irish resistance against Tudor domination, specially during the Nine Years's war where he led an Irish alliance along with Aodh Méith of Tír Eoghain (*Hugh O'Neill of Tyrone*). For his historical participation against English domination, he is celebrated as a hero in Ireland.
Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin

**Nikita Romanovich** (Russian: *Никита Романович*; born c. 1522 – 23 April 1586), also known as **Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin-Yuriev**, was a prominent boyar of the Tsardom of Russia. His grandson Michael I founded the Romanov dynasty of Russian tsars.

He was a son of the okolnichy Roman Yurievich Zakharyin and his wife Uliana Ivanovna. Nikita Romanovich became the brother-in-law of Tsar Ivan IV of Russia (Ivan the Terrible), who married his sister Anastasia Romanovna in 1547.
Mitake Alina

**Mitake Alina** is the lead Cure in Puella Magi • Nightshade Pretty Cure. She’s the Pretty Cure of vampires and crows, Cure Vampira. Her theme color is red and she uses a cutlass sword.

## Bio

### Appearance

Alina is a Japanese-Romanian high schooler. She has thick light brown hair worn in a low braid and milky purple eyes. Casually, she wears a white sweater with a deep red skirt, black leggings, and light brown high boots. She wears a beret, reflecting her desire to go to France.
Prince Andrew, Duke of York

Photograph of Prince Andrew.

**Prince Andrew, Duke of York** is the third son of Elizabeth II and Prince Philip. He currently serves as the Duke of York, Earl of Inverness, and Baron Killyleagh. He is ninth in succession to the British throne.

He served in the royal navy as a captain of a warship, and during the Falkland Wars, he underwent many missions. In 1986, he married Sarah Ferguson, although they would divorce in 1996. They had two daughters together, Beatrice and Eugenie.

In 2019, Andrew suspended his public duties after the negative reaction around his BBC Interview which discussed allegations against him of sexual abuse and his connections to sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. In 2020, it was announced that he would permanently resign from all public duties. The investigation against Andrew is still ongoing by US and UK authorities.
House of Windsor

Coat of arms of the House of Windsor.

The **House of Windsor** is the current royal family of the United Kingdom. It split from the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in 1917 due to anti-German sentiment among the population due to World War One. Besides the United Kingdom, it is the royal family of 15 other countries, with each country's monarch being Elizabeth II. Upon her death, the throne will pass on to Prince Charles.

Since Elizabeth II is female, her descendants use the surname of Mountbatten-Windsor, as her husband, Prince Philip, is part of the Mountbatten family.
House of Hanover

Royal arms of the Kingdom of Hanover.

The **House of Hanover** was a German house that became the royal house of the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Hanover.

It is a cadet branch of the House of Welf, gradually growing in prestige before Hanover became an electorate of the Holy Roman Empire 1692.

In 1714, George I became the first Hanoverian monarch of Great Britain, as he was Anne, Queen of Great Britain's closest living Protestant cousin. Hanoverian rule over Britain would end upon the death of Queen Victoria in 1901.

Currently, the head of the house is Ernst August, Prine of Hanover.
House of Knýtlinga

The raven banner, which was used by many viking chieftains.

**House of Knýtlinga** (also called the **House of Canute**, the **House of Denmark**, the **House of Gorm**, or the **Jelling dynasty**) was a Viking royal house most known for ruling the North Sea Empire, or the union of Denmark, Norway, and England. It's most famous member was Cnut the Great, who founded the empire.
House of Eltz

This page is currently Work-in-Progress!The article for House of Eltz is intended to have more content than it does currently.Acknowledge that important information might be left out of this page, consider helping out by adding some material to this page!
The **House of Eltz** are a Rhenish noble family, famous for a castle, the Eltz castle, owned by the family since centuries, which has become a popular tourist attraction.
William I, German Emperor

Photograph of Wilhelm I, 1884.

**Wilhelm I** (anglicized as **William I**) was the King of Prussia from 1861 to 1888 and the first German Emperor from 1871 to 1888.

He was the son of Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia. In 1840, his older brother, Friedrich Wilhelm IV, succeeded their father to become King of Prussia, although a series of strokes suffered by the King in 1857 made the future Wilhelm I the de facto head of state of Prussia.

His brother would die in 1861, and Wilhelm succeeded to the throne. During his reign, he worked with Otto von Bismarck to unify German and to form the German Empire. In 1871, he was officially named German Emperor during the Franco-Prussian war.

Wilhelm and Bismarck often clashed over ideology; whilst Bismarck pushed for more ultra-conservative and anti-Catholic policies, Wilhelm was more open to classical liberal ideas.

In 1888, he would die at the age of 90 after a short illness. During the reign of his grandson, Wilhelm II, he was known as **Wilhelm the Great**.
House of Valois-Burgundy

## House of Valois-Burgundy*Maison de Valois-Bourgogne*

* 1430-1482
* 1404-1430
* 1363-1404
* 1360-1363

The **House of Valois-Burgundy** (or **Younger House of Burgundy**) was a cadet branch of the House of Valois.

They were founded by Philip the Bold, son of John II of France. They ruled the Duchy of Burgundy from 1363 to 1482 and came to many other areas of Northern France and the Low Countries, creating what was known as the Burgundian State.

The death of Charles the Bold triggered the Burgundian Wars, with the Burgundian realms being split between Valois France and Habsburg Austria.
Leonor, Princess of Asturias

The topic of this page has limited information.This article may look unfinished, but it might be because information on this topic is very sparse and limited.

## Leonor

### Full Name

Leonor de Todos los Santos de Borbón y Ortiz

## Titles

### Titles

Princess of Asturias
(2014-Present)

**Leonor** is the current Princess of Asturias and heir presumptive of Spain.

She is the daughter of Felipe VI and Queen Letizia. She was given the title of Princess of Asturias in 2014.
Jean-Christophe, Prince Napoléon

This page is currently Work-in-Progress!The article for Jean-Christophe, Prince Napoléon is intended to have more content than it does currently.Acknowledge that important information might be left out of this page, consider helping out by adding some material to this page!

### Born

11 July 1986 (age 37)
Saint-Raphaël, Var, France

### Spouse

Olympia von und zu Arco-Zinneberg
(m. 2019)

### Full Name

Jean-Christophe Louis Ferdinand Albéric Napoléon

## Titles

### Titles

* Head of the House of Bonaparte
(disputed; 1997-Present)
* Prince Napoléon
(1997-Present)

**Jean-Christophe** is the disputed head of the former imperial house of France, House of Bonaparte.
Direct Capetians

## House of Capet*Maison de Capet*

Arms of the Kings of France before 1376.

*This refers to the **House of Capet** that ruled France from 987 to 1328, for the full dynasty including it's cadet branches see the Capetian dynasty.*

The **House of Capet**, or the **House of France**, was the royal family of France from 987 to 1328. They were the most senior branch of the Capetian dynasty, and because of this they are commonly called the **Direct Capetians**.

The house came to an end after the sons of Philip IV failed to produce any children, and upon the death of Charles IV in 1328, the French throne passed on to the House of Valois. Although, Joan II of Navarre, the daughter of Louis X, became the Queen of Navarre from 1328 to 1349.
Cowlas family

The **House of Cowlas** is a feudal aristocratic and noble family of the erstwhile Princely State of Hyderabad. They took their name from their ancestral home, the Kowlas Fort. The family traces its origins to the Emperor Tamerlane or Emir Timur the founder of the Central Asian Timurid Dynasty, arriving in India during the late 18th century.

## Other Info

### Motto

"Ilahi Nizam e Alam" God's Order of the World

## Titles

### Titles

*Former:** Castellan of Kowlas
(1915-1948)

In 1915, the family's ancestor Maulvi Muhammad Jamaluddin Sheikh was ennobled by the 7th Nizam of Hyderabad and appointed as the Hereditary Castellan (*Kiladar*) of Kowlas. This occurred after the Rajput Raja of Kowlas, Durjan Singh had died prematurely leaving no heirs behind, thus the vassal kingdom of Kowlas was declared a fiefdom.

Maulvi Muhammad Jamaluddin Sheikh was succeeded by his eldest son Moinuddin Cowlas as the 2nd Castellan of Kowlas. Born in 1915, he was named Moinuddin Sheikh but later he changed his surname to an anglicization of Kowlas, becoming the progenitor of Cowlas Family.

He formally held the role of Castellan of Kowlas until 1948. Due to the forced annexation by Indian police of Hyderabad state in 1948, the Cowlas Family migrated to Pakistan. Moinuddin Cowlas was succeeded by his two sons Waris Cowlas & Haris Cowlas. The current Head of the Cowlas family is Haris Cowlas.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaulas\_Fort
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 https://www.telangana360.com/2023/09/kaulas-fort.html
3. ↑ https://books.google.com.sa/books?id=0XcMAQAAMAAJ&redir\_esc=y
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 https://medium.com/@acowlas/the-noble-family-of-cowlas-and-kowlas-fort-remembering-a-pakistani-legacy-ee01ed9ce7ff
Haakon the Good

**Haakon Haraldsson**, nicknamed **Haakon the Good**, was the son of Harald Fairhair and the King of Norway after forcing his brother, Eric Bloodaxe, to flee to England. He is notable for trying to introduce Christianity to Norway.

In 961, he was mortally wounded by three of his brothers' forces at the Battle of Fitjar, dying shortly later. After his death, his nephew, Harald Greycloak was given the throne.
Nobility Wiki

**Welcome to the Nobility Wiki!**
**Who Are We?**
The Nobility Wiki is a *Fandom* wiki dedicated to accurately documenting nobility and their families throughout history. On this wiki you will find pages about Noble houses, dynasties, and members, including many historical leaders.

**How Can You Get Started?**
You can find guidelines and tips about page creation and editing here. We recommend by editing pages and if you feel confident enough feel free to create some of your own!

**Featured Articles**

*We also have a Russian Wiki if you would like to use that.
У нас также есть русская версия, если вы хотите ее использовать.*
**News**

TinKnight
8 August 2021

 1

## Regarding Nobility Who Died Young

I have made the decision that articles of nobility who died young **WITHOUT A WIKIPEDIA PAGE** will not be created.

This is mostly to make sure that this wiki is not flooded with low-info pages, and that most articles are relevant and/or have some significance. Instead, you can give a small summary of these nobles' lives under their parent's page.

Thank you and farewell!

TinKnight / Kael (talk) 17:18, 8 August 2021 (UTC)

Read Full Post
House of Murat

## House of Murat*Maison Murat*

Coat of arms of Joachim I.

The **House of Murat** is a noble house created by Joachim Murat after his brother-in-law, Napoleon Bonaparte, granted him the title of Prince Murat in 1804.

Joachim Murat would become the Grand Duke of Berg and the King of Naples before his execution after the end of the Napoleonic Wars.

The house is currently lead by Joachim, 8th Prince Murat.
House of Capet

Disambiguation page for House of CapetThe following is a list of links to pages that might share the same title.Please follow one of the disambiguation links below or search to find the page you were looking for if it is not listed. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
*The **House of Capet** may refer to...*

* The Capetian dynasty, the dynasty that ruled France from 987 to 1792 and again from 1814 to 1848.
* The Direct Capetians, the most senior branch of the Capetian dynasty that ruled France from 987 to 1328.
Charles X of France

Portrait by François Gérard.

**Charles X** was the King of France from 1824 to 1830.

He was the brother of Louis XVI and Louis XVIII. After the Bourbon restoration in 1814, he became heir presumptive to his older brother, Louis XVIII. He became the leader of the ultra-loyalist faction within France, a radical monarchist and anti-liberal movement.

When his brother died in 1824, he was proclaimed the King of France. He was very unpopular, he increased the power of the Catholic Church, reinstated capital punishment for sacrilege, launched an invasion of Algeria to distract the public, and started censoring the press.

He was overthrown in the July Revolution of 1830, which installed Louis Philippe I and the House of Orléans as the rulers of France. He died in exile in 1836.
Napoleon II

Portrait by Leopold Bucher, 1832.

**Napoleon II** was the disputed Emperor of France for a few weeks in 1815.

He was the son of Napoleon Bonaparte. Since birth he was Prince Imperial of France and King of Rome. When his father tried to abdicate, he declared that his son, Napoleon II, was to succeed him as Emperor, although the coalition powers refused to acknowledge his legitimacy.

He lived the rest of his short life in Vienna, Austria, where he was known as **Franz, Duke of Reichstadt**. On 22 July 1832, at the young age of 21, he died from tuberculosis.

In 1900, Edmond Rostand, a French poet, created a play named 'L'Aiglon' about Napoleon II's life. Maude Adams and Sarah Bernhardt played the role of **L'Aiglon**, which is Napoleon II's nickname in the play.
Achaemenid dynasty

Standard of Cyrus the Great.

The **Achaemenid dynasty** was a famous dynasty of Persian origin which founded the Achaemenid Empire. The Achaemenid Empire would be the largest of its time, stretching from Thracia to the Indus Valley in its maximum extent, and it would end with Alexander the Great's conquests. The Achaemenids also claimed the title of Pharaoh while they had Egypt as their province.
Louis XVIII of France

Portrait by François Gérard. c. 1814.

**Louis XVIII**, also known as **Louis the Desired**, was the King of France from 1814 to 1824, except the 'Hundred Days' when Napoleon Bonaparte returned to France in 1815.

Before the French Revolution, he held the title of Count of Provence under his brother, Louis XVI, who was King of France. In 1792, the French monarchy was abolished by the National Convention and his brother was executed by guillotine. His nephew, Louis XVII, who claimed the throne, also died in 1795.

During the Napoleonic Wars, he lived abroad in Europe in exile. When Napoleon was defeated in 1814, Louis was restored to the throne, starting the period known as the 'Bourbon Restoration.' Although, in 1815, Napoleon returned to France from his exile in Elba, he was defeated shortly after in Waterloo however and Louis returned to the throne.

France during his reign was a constitutional monarchy and his power was reduced by the Charter of 1814. His return in 1815 lead to the 'White terror' where he arrested suspected sympathizers of Napoleon. He also dissolved the unpopular parliament known as the Chambre introuvable.

He died with no issue in 1824, and his brother, Charles X, inherited the throne.
House of Oldenburg

Coat of Arms of the House of Oldenburg.

The **House of Oldenburg** is a Northern German noble house. Although not significant by itself, the House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov, the imperial family of Russia, descends from the Oldenburgs.

## Branches

* House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
* House of Glücksburg
	+ House of Glücksburg (Norway)
	+ House of Glücksburg (Greece)
	+ House of Glücksburg (Denmark)
	+ Mountbatten-Windsor
* House of Holstein-Gottorp
	+ House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom

Photograph of Elizabeth.

**Elizabeth II** is the current Queen of the United Kingdom, reining ever since 1952.

She is the daughter of George VI and niece of Edward VIII. After her uncle's abdication she became the heir presumptive. During World War Two, she served in the Auxiliary Territorial Service, the women's branch of the British Army.

In 1947, she married Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark, who she would have four children with, Charles, Anne, Andrew, and Edward.

After her father died in 1952, Elizabeth succeeded him and became the King of the United Kingdom along with the position of head of state of the Commonwealth and affiliated nations. She reigned throughout the majority of the Cold War and after, guiding the nation through major political changes such of decolonization, the Falkland War, and Canadian patriation. She also lead the United Kingdom into the European Union, although Britain would withdraw from the EU in 2020.

She is the currently the longest-lived and longest serving British monarch in history, along with oldest living monarch and longest-reigning living monarch.

In 2021, her husband, Philip, would die at the age of 99.
Louis Bonaparte

Portrait by Charles Howard Hodges, 1809.

**Louis Napoléon Bonaparte** was the younger brother of Napoleon Bonaparte. During the Napoleonic Wars, he ruled the Kingdom of Holland under the royal name of **Louis I**, or **Lodewijk I** in Dutch.

He was the son of Carlo Buonaparte and Letizia Ramolino. In 1802, Napoleon requested for Louis and Hortense de Beauharnais to marry, which they did despite Hortense's reluctance. They would have three children together, Napoléon Charles, Napoléon Louis, and Charles Louis Napoléon.

In 1806, Napoleon created the Kingdom of Holland in place of the Batavian Republic and gave the throne to Louis. Although Napoleon intended for Holland to be a client state of France, Louis tried to be as independent as possible, and was unusually well liked by his people.

Napoleon decided to send French troops into Holland to defend it from a British invasion, but Louis would declare this occupation as unlawful, and abdicated in favor of his second son, Napoléon Louis, although the French Empire annexed Holland a few days later.

His third son would be crowned Emperor of the French as Napoleon III, becoming the First President of France in 1848 and creating the Second Empire of France in 1852.
House of Bourbon

## House of Bourbon*Maison de Bourbon*

* 1380-
* 1272-1380

The **House of Bourbon** was the royal house of France from 1589 to 1792, and then again from 1814 to 1830.

The he house was founded in 1272 by Robert, Count of Clermont, the son of Louis IX of France. They mainly served as vassals to the Direct Capetian and Valois Kings of France.

In 1527, the male line became extinct and the First House of Bourbon-Vendôme became the senior branch of the House of Bourbon.

In 1587, the House of Valois became extinct, letting the House of Bourbon to take the throne of France under Henry IV. The Bourbons would then rule the Kingdom of France until Louis XVI was overthrown during the French Revolution in 1792.

In 1700, Charles II of Spain died, making the Spanish Habsburgs extinct in the male line. Philip V would come to the throne, making him the first Bourbon King of France. Philip also founded a cadet branch, the House of Bourbon-Anjou. Although, the War of the Spanish Succession caused Bourbon France to lose much of the land that Habsburg Spain controlled.

The House of Bourbon-Anjou still rules in Spain after the death of Francisco Franco. The main line of the House of Bourbon is lead by Louis Alphonse de Bourbon, the Legitimist pretender to the French throne.
Charles Martel

16th century sketch of Martel.

**Charles Martel** was a Frankish statesman and military leader who became de facto leader of Francia as Duke and Prince of the Franks.

He was the son of Pepin of Herstal and one of Pepin's mistresses, Alpaida. Overtime he succeeded his father as the "power behind the throne," centralizing the government, establishing the system of Frankish feudalism, and launching military campaigns to establish Francia as the single power in France, then known as Gaul. He was also notable for being a very competent warrior in battle, gaining the nickname of "Martel," meaning "The Hammer" in Old French.

Most know him for leading the Franks at the Battle of Tours against the Umayyad Caliphate, who at the time ruled most of the Iberian peninsula.

He is credited as founding the Carolingian dynasty. His son, Pepin the Short would become the King of the Franks. Charles' grandson was Charlemagne, who made Francia the sole power in Europe and was the first Emperor in Western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
Edward VIII of the United Kingdom

Photograph of Edward as Prince of Wales, 1922.

**Edward VIII** was the King of the United Kingdom for a few months before his abdication in 1936.

He was the great-grandson of Queen Victoria and son of George V. On his 16th birthday he was created Prince of Wales only seven weeks after his father succeeded to the throne. During World War One, he served in the British Army participating in many overseas tours.

Upon his father's death in 1936, Edward became king. During his reign he showed impatience with the protocol of being a British monarch, and only a few months in his reign he caused a constitutional crisis due to his proposal to marry American actress, Wallis Simpson, who was trying to divorce her second husband at the time. Most politicians within the United Kingdom believed that an American who had divorced two of her husbands was unfit to become queen consort.

When he realized he could not marry Simpson as King, he abdicated in December of that year, passing the throne on to his brother, George VI. He married Simpson 3 June 1937.

Later that year the couple toured Nazi Germany. During World War Two, he was stationed with the British military mission to France, although upon accusations that he was a Nazi sympathizer he was transferred to become the Governor of the Bahamas.

After the war he lived the rest of his life in Paris. Him and Simpson remained married until Edward's death in 1972.
Frederick III, German Emperor

Portrait of Frederick, 1867.

**Friedrich III**, anglicized as **Frederick III**, was the Emperor of Germany and King of Prussia for a few months in 1888 before dying of laryngeal cancer.

He was the only son of Wilhelm I. During his youth he continued his family's tradition of military service and was celebrated for his victories in the Second Schleswig War, Austro-Prussian War, and Franco-Prussian War. After the unification of Germany in 1871, his father became the Emperor of Germany and he became the German Crown Prince.

He married Victoria, Princess Royal, the daughter of Queen Victoria, in 1858. They were very similar, both sharing liberal ideology, which Friedrich's conservative family opposed.

Wilhelm I died on 9 March 1888 at the age of 90, and the throne passed on to Friedrich, who was suffering from laryngeal cancer. During his short reign, he tried to increase power of the German Progress Party, a group of liberals within the Landtag of Prussia.

His plans would be cancelled by his death only a few months later on 15 June 1888 due to complications with his cancer. His son, Wilhelm, would succeed Friedrich to the throne and did not continue his liberal policies.
Radegunde

## Radegunde*\*Rādagunþi*

Detail of Saint Radegunde in a stained glass window in the chucrh of Saint Blaise, Sainte-Maure-de-Toraine.

## Titles

### Titles

* Queen of the Franks

**Radegunde** (Frankish: *\*Rādagunþi*) was a Thuringian princess, Queen of the Merovingian Franks, and saint of the Catholic Church. The daughter of a Thuringian chieftain who was killed by his brother, she was kidnapped by the Frankish king Clothair I, and later converted to Christianity. Despite a difficult compelled marriage with Clothair , she was known to be a pious and saintly woman, and then left her husband to take the veil from the bishop Medard of Noyon. As a nun, she founded the convent of the Holy Cross in Poitiers, adopting the rule from Caesarius of Arles, and also the place where she would live the rest of her life. The poem *Vexilla Regis* was dedicated to her by her friend and poet Venantius Fortunatus.

After her death, Radegunde has been recognised as a major woman saint in Christendom, particularly in Western Christianity. Her feast day is celebrated in the 13th of August and she is the patron of the city of Poitiers, and of people who are in difficult marriages.
House of Valois-Anjou

## House of Valois-Anjou*Maison de Valois-Anjou*

* 1470-1482
* 1356-1470

The **House of Valois-Anjou** was a cadet branch of the House of Valois.

The house as founded after John II of France made Louis I the Duke of Anjou. They primarily served as the Dukes of Anjou under the Valois crown.

From 1382 to 1434, they were the disputed Kings of Naples. They finally gained complete control of the throne in 1435, however, they only ruled until 1442.
Rothschild family

## Rothschild family*Rothschild Familie*

Great Coat of Arms of the Rothschild family

## Notable Members

### Founder

Mayer Amschel Rothschild (Though the surname predates himself by a few centuries)

## Titles

### Titles

* Baron de Rothschild

The **Rothschild family** (DE: *Rothschild Familie*), sometimes called the **Rothschild dyansty**, is an Ashkenazi noble banking family which originated in the city of Frankfurt am Main, Germany, and arose to prominence with its founder, Mayer Amschel Rothschild. The family is known for its banking and philanthrophic activities, their historical role in the Napoleonic Wars, as well as being the target of many (mostly antisemitic) conspiracy theories.

The family also has members abroad in the United Kingdom, Austria, Italy and France.
Eric Bloodaxe

Coin of Eric Bloodaxe.

**Eric Haraldsson**, nicknamed **Eric Bloodaxe**, was the son of Harald Fairhair, and became the King of Norway after his death. In 933, his brother, Haakon the Good, overthrew him, making Eric flee to England.

Before his death, Harald Fairhair declared that his favorite son, Eric, was his intended heir. Harald had also allowed many of his other sons to rule vassal kingdoms, making the succession controversial, as many of the minor kings claimed to be the true heir of Norway. After fueding with many of his brothers, Eric eventually killed Ragnvald Rettilbeine Haraldsson, king of Hadeland, on his father's orders and Bjørn Farmann, king of Vestfold. When Harald died and Eric succeeded to the throne, he fought with his brothers' forces and gained full control of Norway. His rule was harsh and tyrannical making him unpopular among nobility, when his brother, Haakon returned to Norway from England and gained support from a noble, Eric was forced to flee to England.

Sagas differ in how Eric travelled to Britain, but it is accepted that King Æthelstan of England welcomed the exile, allowed him a baptism, and gave him control of Northumbria. During this period, Northumbria and most of the Danelaw were disloyal to the Anglo-Saxon crown of England, tensions rose when Æthelstan's son Edmund inherited the throne, and when he was killed by a common outlaw, his brother Eadred took the throne. The Northumbrians were unhappy with the new king and instead named Eric as their king, after Eadred launched destructive raids in Northumbria, Eric's supporters faultered and Eric himself payed recompense.

After Eric's defeat, Olaf Guthfrithson claimed the throne of Northumbria, although in 952 he was overthrown and Eric once again took the throne, his second reign is mostly unclear. In 954, he was killed in the Battle of Stainmore against Osulf I of Bamburgh.
Amadeo I of Spain

Photograph of Amadeo I, 1872.

**Amadeo I** was the first and only Savoy King of Spain, reigning from 1870 to 1873. He was known for most of his life **Amadeo, Duke of Aosta**.

He was elected to become King of Spain in 1870, following the disposition of Isabella II. His reign was characterized by the growth of Republicanism, Carlism, and the Cuban independence movement.

In 1873, he abdicated and returned to Italy, creating the First Spanish Republic in the process.
Maximilian I of Mexico

Photograph of Maximilian, c. 1864.

**Maximilian I** was an Austrian archduke who reigned as Emperor of Mexico for a short time from 1864 to 1867.

In 1861, France along with Spain and the United Kingdom invaded Mexico after it refused to repay debts, but Spain and the United Kingdom withdrew from the war a year later. France, lead by Napoleon III, sought to conquer Mexico and to create a pro-French client state.

Napoleon III invited Maximilian to establish a pro-French monarchy. With support from France and the Mexican Conservative Party, Maximilian named himself Emperor of Mexico in 1864. The war was still ongoing however, and with the end of the American Civil war in 1865, the United States started supporting the Mexican Republicans.

The Empire collapsed in 1866 after French forces withdrew from the war. In 1867, Maximilian was captured and executed by Republican forces.
Esclaramunda of Foix

Drawing of Esclaramunda of Foix

**Esclaramunda of Foix** (CA: *Esclarmonda de Foix i de Cardona*) was a noblewoman of the House of Comminges. The daughter of Roger IV of Foix and Brunissenda of Cardona, she married James II of Majorca, and became the queen of Majorca. A great benefactor and protector of the Order of Mercy (Mercedarians), she left the throne in 1291 to become a nun. Her feast day is celebrated on the 22nd of October.
Felipe VI of Spain

Photo of Felipe VI, 2018.

**Felipe VI** is the King of Spain, reigning since 2014.

In his early life, he received military training, reaching the rank of lieutenant colonel in the Army and Air Force, and frigate captain in the Navy. Upon his ascension to the Spanish throne, he was promoted to the rank of Capitán General, or commander-in-chief.

He also was a member of the Spanish Olympic sailing team in the 1992 Barcelona Olympics and also took part in the opening ceremony as Spain's flag bearer.

He inherited the throne after the abdication of his father, Juan Carlos I. Although Spain is a constitutional monarchy, Filipe acts as the commander-in-chief of the Spanish military and primary representative of Spain in international relations.
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

Photograph of Prince Philip, 1992.

**Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh** was the consort of the British monarch, being married to Elizabeth II in 1947.

He joined the Royal Navy during World War Two, eventually becoming a Lieutenant and participating in many naval operations in the Mediterranean. He continued his active service even after his marriage, retiring in 1952 as a commander.

As consort, he had four children with Elizabeth. In 2021, he died at age 99.
House of Savoy

## House of Savoy*Casa Savoia*

Coat of arms of the Dukes of Savoy.

The **House of Savoy** was an Italian noble and royal dynasty.

The house was founded in 1003, and overtime they expanded from the historical region of Savoy in northern Italy and eventually came to rule the entire Kingdom of Sicily (which included the region of Naples) and Sardinia. From

From 1870 to 1873, they became the royal house of Spain. They also claimed many other thrones including the throne of Jerusalem, Armenia, Cyprus, and the United Kingdom.

Its cadet branch, the House of Savoy-Carignano, lead the unification of the Kingdom of Italy and became the royal house of the newly founded nation.
Clan Stewart

Crest of Clan Stewart.

**Clan Stewart** is a Scottish clan. It is unique as it does not have a Clan Chief. One of their branches became the House of Stewart, who would become the royal house of Scotland and Great Britain.

## Branches

* **House of Stuart**
* Clan Stewart of Galloway
* Clan Stewart of Appin
* Clan Stewart of Atholl
* Clan Stuart of Bute
* Clan Stewart of Balquhidder
* Clan Stuart of Moray
* Clan Stewart of Darnley
Edward VII of the United Kingdom

Portrait by Sir Luke Fildes, 1901.

**Edward VII** was the King of the United Kingdom for a short time from 1901 and 1910.

He was the son of Queen Victoria and Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. During his mother's long reign during the Victorian era, he was the Prince of Wales and heir to the throne for almost 60 years.

He was largely excluded from the politics of Britain and became an icon of the fashionable, leisured elite, being known as a playboy prince. He represented Britain in public duties and foreign visits.

After becoming king in 1901, he worked to modernized the British Home Fleet and the British Army. Unlike his mother, he participated in many traditional ceremonies and public displays. He was diplomatic with other nations, especially France, gaining the nickname of 'Peacemaker,' although his relationship with his nephew, Wilhelm II of Germany, was poor.

Edward had a chain-smoking habit throughout his life, habitually smoking twenty cigarettes and twelve cigars a day. Later in his life he frequently suffered with bronchitis and on 6 May 1910, he died from the disease at the age of 68.
Lori's World Wiki

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## Important articles

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Josias, Hereditary Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

Bundersarchiv photo of Josias in SS uniform.

* Alexandra Bathildis Elisabeth Luise Helene Emma Princess of Waldeck and Pyrmont
* Ingrid Princess of Waldeck and Pyrmont
* Wittekind, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

## Titles

### Titles

* Hereditary Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

**Josias, Hereditary Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont** (DE: *Josias Georg Wilhelm Adolf Erbprinz zu Waldeck und Pyrmont*) was a nobleman of the House of Waldeck and heir apparent to the throne of the Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont. He also was notably a SS-Obergruppenführer and SS Police Leader of the Fulda-Werra section of the Buchenwald concentration camp. For his role as a KZ-personnel and as a Holocaust perpetrator, he was sentenced to life in prison in the Dachau-Buchenwald trials, later commuted to 20 years in prison, and was released in December 1950. He passed away in 1967.
Prince Frederick Joseph Benton

Prince Frederick Joseph Benton, born 1954 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, has lived in Europe and the United States. His grandparents were required to renounce all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign king, prince potentate or sovereignty as a condition to acquire United States citizenship in 1920, when the family tree was sealed. His lifelong interest in extra sensory perception was the topic of conversation with the Dutches of Bedford, on Monti Carlo television and on several public appearances throughout the years. He starred on several popular television programs in the United States and Canada in the 1970’s,

a marriage to the Principessa Lorena di Torremuzza from 1975 till 1982 was later dissolved. During an interview with royalty forum’s, prince Frederick expressed no interest in politics, choosing instead a career in the entertainment industry, first as a performer, later an international executive and patron of the arts,
Umayyad dynasty

## Umayyad dynasty*(Banū Umayya) بنو أمية*

The **Umayyad dynasty** (AR: بنو أمية - *Banū Umayya*) was the dynasty that ruled the second Islamic Caliphate, the Umayyad Caliphate, founded by Muawiyah I. The name Umayyad derives from the Arab tribe of the same name, which was tied to the Banu Quraysh tribe, which Muhammad belonged to.

The dynasty extended the Caliphate to the largest extent, from the Pyrenees to the Indus Valley. Despite being overthrown by the Abbasids during the Abbasid Revolution, the dynasty still controlled an Emirate in Iberia, based in Córdoba, which would eventually become the **Caliphate of Córdoba**, until its eventual breakup in 1031, leading to the Fitna of Al-Andalus (Also known as the Andalusian Civil War).
Second House of Bourbon-Vendôme

## House of Bourbon-Vendôme*Maison de Bourbon-Vendôme*

Coat of arms of the Dukes of Vendôme.

The **Second House of Bourbon-Vendôme** was a branch of the House of Bourbon that ruled as the Dukes of Vendôme, Beaufort, Étampes and others.

They are named after the First House of Bourbon-Vendôme, who merged with the House of Bourbon in 1589 after the extinction of the senior male-line of the Bourbons.

The second house was founded by César, Duke of Vendôme, who was given the title of Duke of Vendôme by his father, Henry IV of France, who was the last member of the first house before they merged with the crown.

Upon the death of Philippe, Duke of Vendôme in 1727, the house became extinct and their titles were reverted to the crown.
K'inich Janaab' Pakal I

## K'inich Janaab' Pakal I*K'inich Janaab' Pakal*

Oval table representing Lady Sak K'uk' presenting a crown to her son K'inich Janaab' Pakal

### Issue

K'inich Kan B'alam IIK'inich K'an Joy Chitam II

## Titles

### Titles

* King of Palenqué
* Ajaw

**K'inich Janaab' Pakal I**, known as **Pakal the Great**, was the longest reigning Mayan monarch, and leader of the city of Palenqué. He oversaw the construction of buildings such as the famous Temple of the Inscriptions, where he is buried in.
Gwanggaeto the Great

Sketch of Gwanggaeto the Great

**Gwanggaeto the Great** (KO: 광개토왕, *Gwang-Gaetowang*) was the nineteenth king of the Korean kingdom of Goguryeo. He is also known as **Yeongnak**, which is the era name he choose during his reign. His son and successor, king Jangsu, erected the Gwanggaeto Stele in his rememberance.
Ashurbanipal

Relief of Ashurbanipal in a lion-hunting scene, from the British Museum

**Ashurbanipal** (Also known as **Assurbanipal**) was the last of the great kings of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. The son of Esarhaddon, he is also known in the Tanakh/Old Testament as **Asenappar** or **Osnapper**. His achievemnts include the expansion of his empire to its maximum extent and the creation of a large library at Nineveh, one of the first in the world.
Alaouite dynasty

## Alaouite dynasty*(Sulālat al-ʿAlawiyyīn al-Fīlālīyn) سلالة العلويين الفيلاليين*

Flag of the Alaouite dynasty

The **Alaouite dynasty** (AR: سلالة العلويين الفيلاليين - *Sulālat al-ʿAlawiyyīn al-Fīlālīyn*) (FR: *Dynastie alaouite*) is the current reigning dynasty and royal family of Morocco. They claim descent from the prophet Muhammad and rose to power in 1666 with the founder, Moulay Ali Cherif.
Victoria, Princess Royal

Portrait by T. H. Voigt, 1900.

**Victoria, Princess Royal** was the spouse of Friedrich III of Germany from 1858 to his death in 1888.

She was the eldest child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. She married Friedrich in 1858 at the age of 17. Victoria learned many progressive beliefs from her father which she shared with Friedrich, believing that Germany should reform into a constitutional monarchy.

Due to her English origin, she was shunned by the House of Hohenzollern, the German court, and by her rival, chancellor Otto von Bismarck.

Her husband only ruled for 99 days in 1888, dying from laryngeal cancer. After his death Victoria became widely known as **Empress Frederick** or **Kaiserin Friedrich**. She built a castle named Friedrichshof in honor of her husband where she would settle for the rest of her life.

Victoria would die shortly after her mother on 5 August 1901 due to breast cancer at the age of 60.
House of Wessex

## House of Wessex *Træf of Cerdicingas*

* Wyvern
* Attributed arms

The **House of Wessex**, or the **House of Cerdic**, was an Anglo-Saxon royal family that originally ruled the Kingdom of the West Saxons (or Wessex) from 519 to 886. After Alfred the Great unified the Anglo-Saxons and became the first King of England, they ruled as the royal family from 886 to 1013, once again from 1014 to 1016, and finally from 1042 to 1066. Edgar Ætheling briefly named himself the King of the English after Harold Godwinson's death, although he was deposed by William the Conqueror two months after declaring himself as so. It is thought that the House of Wessex became extinct after Edgar Ætheling's death, which is theorized to be around 1125.

## Coat of Arms

Although the House of Wessex never had an official coat of arms, Matthew of Paris, a Benedictine monk, attributed a coat of arms to Edward the Confessor. Even though it was never actually used by the family themselves, it has become a symbol of the house and the Kingdom of Wessex.
Charles I of Austria

Photograph of Emperor Charles I taken in 1917.

## Titles

### Titles

* Emperor of Austria, Apostolic King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia, and King of Bohemia (1916-1918)
* Head of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine (1916-1922)

**Charles I of Austria** , also known as **Charles IV of Hungary**, **Charles III of Bohemia** or **Blessed Karl of Austria** in the Roman Catholic Church, was the last Emperor of Austria and last leader of Austria-Hungary.

He became the heir to the throne after the assassination of his uncle, Franz Ferdinand, and became the Emperor of Austria after the death of Franz Joseph I of Austria in 1916. He tried to negotiate Austria-Hungary's exist from the World War One but was ultimately unsuccessful, and after the war's end in 1919, he took exile in Switzerland following the dissolution of the Austrian monarchy.

He tried retaking the Hungarian throne two times in 1921, but failed due to a lack of support from Miklós Horthy. He was once again exiled to the Portuguese island of Madeira and died from respiratory failure a year later in 1922. In 3 October 2004, he was beatified by Pope John Paul II.

He is buried in a tomb in the Church of Our Lady of the Mount, in the freguesia of Monte, in Funchal, Madeira.
House of Hohenzollern

## House of Hohenzollern*Haus Hohenzollern*

Coat of Arms of the House of Hohenzollern.

The **House of Hohenzollern** was a German noble house originating in Swabia, Germany. It grew to control the realms of Prussia, the German Empire, and Romania. The Hohenzollern was split into two branches, the Catholic Swabian Branch, and the Protestant Franconian Branch. The Swabian branch, or the House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, grew to become the royal family of Romania, while the Franconian branch grew to control Prussia and the German Empire.
Xerxes I

Xerxes I

**Xerxes I** (OPA: *Xšayāršā*) was the fourth Shah of the Achaemenid Empire and Pharaoh of Egypt. He continued the Persian military campaigns against Greece after the death of his father Darius I, but those would eventually result in a Persian defeat after the battle of Plataea. He is represented in the biblical Book of Esther as **Ahasuerus**.
Alexander II of Russia

Photograph of Alexander taken in his 60s.

**Alexander II**  was the Emperor of Russia from 1855 until his assassination in 1881. His most significant reform was the emancipation of serfs in 1861, for which he is also known as **Alexander the Liberator**. Alexander was also responsible for other reforms too such as reorganizing the judicial system, abolishing corporal punishment, ending some of the privileges of the nobility, etc.
House of Habsburg-Este

## House of Habsburg-Este *Casa d'Asburgo-Este*

* Primary
* Alternate

*Former:*

* King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland
(Jacobite claim; 1840–1919)
* Duke of Modena and Reggio
(1814-1859)
* Duke of Massa and Prince of Carrara
(1829–1859)
* Duke of Mirandola
(1815–1859)
* Duke of Guastalla
(1847-1859)

The **House of Habsburg-Este** or the **House of Austria-Este** is a branch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine and House of Este. Historically, the head of the house uses the title of the Archduke of Austria-Este.

The house was founded upon the marriage of Ferdinand Karl of Habsburg-Lorraine and Maria Beatrice d'Este. They ruled the Duchy of Modena and Reggio, along with the additional titles of duchies of Mirandola and Massa, and principalities of Carrara and Lunigniana from 1814 to 1859, when the realm was absorbed into the new Savoy-controlled Kingdom of Italy.

In 1840, Francis V, Duke of Modena was named the legitimate heir to the English and Scottish thrones by the Jacobites, a movement that supported the restoration of the senior line of the House of Stuart to the English throne. He would never become the de-facto king of England or Scotland. After annexation by Italy, Francis decided to keep the title of Archduke of Austria-Este, and left most of his estate upon his death in 1875 to Franz Ferdinand on the agreement that he would add "Este" to his name.

Three years after Franz Ferdinand's assassination in 1914, Charles I of Austria would declare that his son, Robert would become the new Archduke of Austria-Este, and also take the name and sigil of the House of Habsburg-Este. In 1984, Robert's son Lorenz would marry Princess Astrid of Belgium, taking the title of Prince of Belgium.