Osama bin Laden

Islamist extremist Osama bin Laden was born in Saudi Arabia. He founded al-Qaeda and was the instigator of the September 11 attacks. In May 2011, American special operations forces assassinated Bin Laden at his compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan. Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden, which is Osama bin Laden's full name, is Arabic for "Osama, son of Mohammed." The norm of not capitalizing short prepositions, articles, and patronymics in surnames provides the foundation for the decapitalization of bin.

The "Prince" or "Emir" are two of the nicknames that his admirers have given him. Saudi Arabia's Jeddah is where Osama bin Laden was born. At King Abdulaziz University, Bin Laden studied economics and business administration. He left school in his third year without earning a college diploma. Personal bodyguard for bin Laden, Nasser al-Bahri, characterizes him as a thrifty individual and strict parent.

Mohammed Bin Laden perished in a plane crash in Saudi Arabia in 1967. In 1988, Salem bin Laden was assassinated in a region of Texas close to San Antonio. Instead of donning the conventional Saudi male keffiyeh, Osama bin Laden now dons the conventional Yemeni male keffiyeh. Afghanistan, governed by Mullah Omar's Taliban, was, in Bin Laden's opinion, "the only Islamic country" in the Muslim world. He demanded that Israel be destroyed and that the United States evacuate all of its military and civilian forces from the Middle East.

The majority of the bad things that happened in the world, according to bin Laden, were a direct result of Jewish acts. He criticized democracy, calling it a "religion of ignorance" that transgresses Islam by enacting artificial rules. Bin Laden mentioned "draining America to the point of insolvency" in a 2004 audio recording. For religious reasons, Bin Laden was against music, and he had conflicting views on technology. He had a keen interest in both plant genetic engineering and earthmoving machinery.

President Obama and the American people should collaborate in order to "rescue humanity," according to Bin Laden, who saw climate change as a severe threat. U.S. was Bin Laden's initial mentor. Commando of the Special Forces Ali Mohamed. By 1984, Azzam and bin Laden had founded Maktab al-Khidamat, a network that smuggled militants, weapons, and cash into Afghanistan from the Arab world. At a meeting between bin Laden and prominent members of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad on August 11, 1988, Al-Qaeda was established.

Bin Laden promised to dispatch al-Qaeda to topple the Yemeni Socialist Party administration in South Yemen, which had Soviet support. He then made an attempt to obstruct Yemeni unification by killing YSP leaders.

The unsuccessful coup d'état attempt in Afghanistan in 1990 was funded by Bin Laden, who also influenced Pakistan's parliament to pass a resolution of no confidence in Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto. He publicly criticized Saudi Arabia's reliance on American military, claiming that the Quran forbade non-Muslims from entering the Arabian Peninsula. Saudi Arabia's authorities removed Bin Laden from the country in 1991. By 1992, he and his adherents had relocated first to Afghanistan and subsequently to Sudan. The US kept tabs on bin Laden in Sudan by sending agents there to patrol daily and take pictures of his compound's activities as well as by employing an intelligence safe house and signals intelligence.

Even after they had evicted bin Laden, US authorities declined to meet with the Sudanese, despite their desire for dialogue. The State Department did not let US intelligence agents to travel to Sudan until 2000. The 9/11 Commission claims that bin Laden and his organization were severely weakened by their expulsion from Sudan. According to some African intelligence sources, bin Laden was forced to become a full-time fanatic after being expelled, and the majority of the 300 Afghan Arabs who left with him afterwards turned to terrorism. According to a number of estimates, bin Laden lost anywhere from $20 million to $300 million in Sudan.

He issued a fatwa in 1998 calling on Muslims to fight the United States and its allies. The fatwa deviated from Sunni legal precedent by supporting the murder of civilians as well. He is suspected of planning the 1992 bombing of the Gold Mihor Hotel in Aden. Al-Qaeda, led by bin Laden, supported jihadis in Algeria, Egypt, and Afghanistan in the 1990s financially and occasionally militarily. According to rumors, bin Laden provided funding for the 17 November 1997 massacre in Luxor.

Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri jointly signed a fatwa in February 1998. In June 1998, Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri planned an al-Qaeda convention. The bombings of the US embassy in 1998 were a string of incidents that took place on August 7. Numerous volunteers joined El Moujahed, an all-Mujahedeen organization, in 1992. Small convoys of Arab recruits traveling via Sudan were funded by Bin Laden.

1999 saw the issuance of Bosnian passports to bin Laden and his Tunisian associate Mehrez Aodouni. Osama was allegedly operating a terror network in Albania to take part in the Kosovo War under the guise of a humanitarian organization, according to the State Intelligence Service of Albania. He and Zawihiri were supported by Islamic authorities in Western Europe who organized the mujahideen fighters. At first, Osama bin Laden denied having planned or carried out the attacks on September 16, 2001. Al-Qaeda and Qatar's Al Jazeera network eventually withdrew Bin Laden's denials. The task of locating, assassinating, or capturing bin Laden was assigned to the CIA's Special Activities Division.

In recordings, Osama bin Laden and Khaled al-Harbi can be heard discussing 9/11 in a way that suggests prior knowledge. Bin Laden charged the US. George W. Bush was accused of carelessness in the hijacking of the planes on September 11. The United States' support of Israel and the implementation of sanctions against Iraq are among the reasons for the attacks that have been established. For his suspected involvement in the bombings of the US embassy in 1998, Osama bin Laden was charged.

The only fugitive to ever appear on both FBI fugitive listings is Bin Laden. The Taliban declined to hand over bin Laden, alleging inadequate proof and the ineligibility of non-Muslim courts to trial Muslims. In exchange for the United States ceasing its bombardment of Afghanistan, the Taliban promised to turn over Osama bin Laden to a third party for trial. President Bush declined this offer, stating that it was no longer negotiable. Following bin Laden's demise in May, federal prosecutors dismissed all criminal charges against him.

In July 2007, the Senate approved doubling the award to $50 million. In the White Mountains of Afghanistan, close to the Pakistani border, bin Laden is thought to be hiding. He escaped because the United States did not send foot soldiers to pursue him. Obama as president disapproved of the Bush administration's approach against bin Laden. Instead, he switched to a stealthy, laser-like concentration on al-Qaeda and its offspring.

The White House declared on May 2, 2011, that SEAL Team Six had killed him in his Pakistani compound in Abbottabad as a result of the operation. Atiyah gives Zarqawi instructions in the letter to dispatch emissaries to Waziristan so that they can meet with the leadership's brothers. Al-Rahman also suggests that bin Laden and al-Qaeda are ineffective and suffer from a host of internal issues. It turned out to be untrue that Osama bin Laden was allegedly hiding out in Iran. Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan was criticized by Bin Laden for attacking members of a rival tribe.

He asked friends to work toward a ceasefire in Yemen so that the nation may become more stable. On May 2, 2011, Osama bin Laden was assassinated in Abbottabad, Pakistan. To keep it from turning into a neo-Islamist shrine, Bin Laden's home was destroyed in February 2012. The US military reportedly sent bin Laden's remains to Afghanistan for positive identification at the time. According to Navy SEAL Matt Bissonnette, bin Laden was shot twice in the side of the head with suppressed rounds.

Within the fortified complex of structures that were apparently constructed for him, Bin Laden was assassinated. Less than 2 kilometers and 100 kilometers, respectively, separated the compound from the Pakistan Military Academy and Islamabad. According to Coll, as of 2019, there is no concrete proof that Pakistani authorities were aware of bin Laden's position in Abbottabad. Asif Ali Zardari, the president of Pakistan, refuted claims that bin Laden was protected by Pakistani security forces. Bin Laden was leery of interactions with Pakistani intelligence and law enforcement, according to documents.

## Criticism

After creating the terrorist group al Qaeda, he planned a string of attacks across many nations that resulted in the deaths of thousands of men, women, and children, many of whom were regular people going about their daily lives. President George W. Bush invaded Afghanistan and declared war on terror after the September 11 attacks, which left over 3,000 people dead. Bin Laden was the mastermind behind the atrocities. He became the target of an international manhunt that lasted ten years and for which the FBI put out a $25 million reward. Officials from the intelligence community think that bin Laden was behind a number of deadly terrorist attacks, including the U.S. bombings in 1998. Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania as well as the Pentagon and World Trade Center attacks of September 11, 2001. He had spent more than a decade on the FBI's "most wanted" list. He attempted to forcibly remove American troops from Saudi Arabia and Somalia in particular and opposed their presence there. Early in the 1990s, after concentrating his operations in Sudan, bin Laden started developing plans to target the West with a developing, lethal new kind of jihad. "We declared jihad against the US government because the US government is unfair, criminal, and dictatorial," Osama bin Laden said in a CNN interview, "to start a guerrilla war where the sons of the nation, and not the military forces, participate in it." Officials from the intelligence community think that bin Laden was behind a number of deadly terrorist attacks, including the U.S. bombings in 1998. Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania as well as the Pentagon and World Trade Center attacks of September 11, 2001. He had spent more than a decade on the FBI's "most wanted" list. In order to "unite all Muslims and to build a government which follows the rule of the Caliphs," Bin Laden wants to destroy the Saudi monarchy (as well as the governments of Middle Eastern states) and create an Islamic State governed by Shari'a law (Islamic Holy Law).

## History

Bin Laden was the son of a successful Saudi businessman and was born in Saudi Arabia in 1957. Bin Laden started giving financial and logistical support to the Islamic fighters opposing the Soviets after they invaded Afghanistan in late 1979. In order to further the cause of jihad (holy war) by violence and aggression, bin Laden established al Qaeda, also known as "the Base," in 1988, after Soviet forces were routed and evacuated from Afghanistan. Al Qaeda quickly started funding, establishing training facilities, and offering military and intelligence training in places like Afghanistan, Pakistan, and the Sudan. Al Qaeda began conducting bombs and assassinations at the behest of bin Laden in order to advance its deadly objectives. Bin Laden was growing more antagonistic toward the United States at this time. He attempted to forcibly remove American troops from Saudi Arabia and Somalia in particular and opposed their presence there. Early in the 1990s, after concentrating his operations in Sudan, bin Laden started developing plans to target the West with a developing, lethal new kind of jihad. Assaults on the United States and its citizens were both justified and necessary, according to fatwas that Bin Laden and other al Qaeda members started issuing. Later, Bin Laden formally proclaimed war on the US.

Ramzi Yousef, a young radical who had received training in one of bin Laden's camps, masterminded the first significant Middle Eastern terrorist assault on American soil on February 26, 1993, by detonating a truck bomb beneath the World Trade Center. Despite the failure of the operation to bring down both towers, more than a thousand people were hurt, including six fatalities. Investigative teams quickly discovered and thwarted a second terrorist plot to bomb a number of New York sites by following the connections. The FBI also discovered that Yousef and his uncle Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who eventually joined al Qaeda, were working together to plan more operations, including the simultaneous bombing of twelve international flights departing from the United States. The eventual capture of Yousef and the arrest and imprisonment of several terrorists involved in the World Trade Center bombing only served to increase bin Laden's contempt for the United States. Around 1996, bin Laden and his supporters made their way back to Afghanistan, where they formed an alliance with the Taliban regime and established a secretive safe haven for al Qaeda to organize operations and train new members.

Al Qaeda members bombed the American embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi, Kenya, on August 7, 1998, carrying out one of the terrorist group's key plots. More than 200 individuals from the United States, Kenya, and Tanzania were killed and 4,500 others were injured in the nearly simultaneous attacks. Bin Laden, who was charged for his involvement in the bombings on November 4, 1998, and a second time in June 1999, was directly connected to these assaults. The accusations included killing Americans abroad, planning to kill Americans abroad, and carrying out attacks on a federal site that resulted in fatalities. In the end, some key members of al Qaeda were apprehended and found guilty for their involvement in the bombings. The bombings prompted increased counterterrorism efforts by the United States and the FBI, which in 1999 established its first Counterterrorism Division to combine its many counterterrorism capabilities. Osama bin Laden was added to the FBI's list of the Ten Most Wanted Fugitives on June 7, 1999, due to his involvement in the 1998 assaults in East Africa. Al Qaeda resumed its deadly assassinations as the new century began. A plan to bomb the Los Angeles airport on the eve of the millennium festivities was one of several significant plans that failed. However, on October 12, 2000, while the USS Cole was making a fuel stop in Yemen, terrorists detonated a small boat full of explosives close to the ship. In addition to severely damaging the ship, the attack left almost 40 other crew members injured and 17 dead Navy sailors.

Al Qaeda and bin Laden were preparing a more direct and lethal strike on the United States. In the eastern United States on September 11, 2001, terrorists hijacked four aircraft. Three of the aircraft were flown into structures, including the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, and the World Trade Center towers in New York. After bravely rebelling, the passengers forced them to crash the fourth aircraft in a field in rural Pennsylvania. Nearly 3,000 people were killed and tens more thousands were injured in the horrible attacks. The FBI and its allies swiftly discovered that bin Laden's terrorist group was responsible for the 9/11 attacks. All 19 of the individuals who hijacked and crashed the four aircraft received training from al Qaeda, and bin Laden subsequently acknowledged his involvement in planning the assaults. The subsequent 9/11 inquiry was the largest in the Bureau's history. The attacks sparked significant change inside the FBI, which declared stopping terrorist attacks its top priority and purposefully set out to be more proactive and intelligence-driven in tackling any significant risks to national security and law enforcement. Osama bin Laden was added to the newly established Most Wanted Terrorists List on October 10, 2001. While military efforts were carried out in Afghanistan to locate him and other members of al Qaeda, bin Laden was able to evade capture. American intelligence services learned in August 2010 that Osama bin Laden most likely resided in a facility in northern Pakistan. On May 2, 2011, a special operations force attacked the compound and killed bin Laden on orders from President Obama. President Obama declared, "Bin Laden was not a Muslim leader; he was a Muslim mass murderer," upon declaring the operation's success. In fact, al Qaeda has killed countless Muslims in numerous nations, including our own. So, everybody who values peace and decency should rejoice at his passing.

Osama bin Laden, the leader of al Qaeda, was assassinated by American soldiers on May 1, 2011, in a facility close to Islamabad, Pakistan. Officials from the intelligence community think that bin Laden was behind a number of deadly terrorist attacks, including the U.S. bombings in 1998. Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania as well as the Pentagon and World Trade Center attacks of September 11, 2001. He had spent more than a decade on the FBI's "most wanted" list. In 1957 or 1958, Osama bin Laden was born in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. He was one of Mohammed bin Laden's 52 children, who was a Yemeni immigrant and the head of the biggest construction firm in Saudi Arabia. Osama was raised in a wealthy, comfortable environment. Osama bin Laden stayed close to home while his siblings attended schools in the West and joined his father's business, which at the time was a massive conglomerate that supplied commodities like Volkswagen automobiles and Snapple beverages throughout the Middle East. He attended Jiddah's school, got married young, and, like many other Saudi men, joined the Muslim Brotherhood. Islam was more than just a religion to bin Laden; it also shaped his political views and guided all of his actions. He started following the extreme pan-Islamist philosopher Abdullah Azzam in college in the late 1970s. Azzam held the view that all Muslims should rise up in jihad, or holy war, to establish a single Islamic state. The youthful bin Laden, who despised what he perceived as a rising Western influence on Middle Eastern life, found this idea appealing.

Soviet forces invaded Afghanistan in 1979, and shortly afterward, Azzam and bin Laden went to Peshawar, a Pakistani city next to Afghanistan, to join the opposition. They didn't engage in combat personally, but they did use their many contacts to provide resources and assistance for the mujahideen (the Afghan rebels). They also exhorted young men to join the jihad in Afghanistan by inviting them to do so from all throughout the Middle East. The Maktab al-Khidamat (MAK), their organization, operated as a global recruitment network, with offices as far away as Brooklyn and Tucson, Arizona, and it also gave the migrant soldiers—also known as "Afghan Arabs"—equipment and training. Most importantly, it demonstrated to bin Laden and his allies that pan-Islamism could be put into practice. Al Qaeda, often known as "the base," was a new organization founded by bin Laden in 1988 that would concentrate on symbolic terrorism rather than military operations. In 1989, when the Soviets left Afghanistan, bin Laden went back to Saudi Arabia to increase his fundraising efforts for this new and more challenging objective. The comparatively pro-Western Saudi royal family attempted to keep bin Laden as quiet as they could because they were concerned that his vehement pan-Islamist speech may generate trouble in the kingdom. After Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990, they confiscated his passport and rejected his offer to send "Afghan Arabs" to protect the border. Then, to make matters worse, they turned to the "infidel" United States for assistance. Bin Laden, incensed at being overlooked, pledged that al Qaeda, not the Americans, would one day establish itself as the "lord of this earth."

Bin Laden departed Saudi Arabia for the more fervently Islamist Sudan at the beginning of the following year. After another year of planning, al Qaeda finally struck: a bomb detonated in a hotel in Aden, Yemen, where American troops were staying on their route to a mission to protect the peace in Somalia. Two Austrian tourists perished in the explosion, but no Americans did; encouraged, bin Laden and his allies embraced violent jihad with fervor. For instance, they helped arm and train the Somali rebels responsible for the 1993 murder of 18 American service members in Mogadishu. Additionally, they were connected to the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center in New York, the 1995 attempt on the life of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarek, and the 1993 bombing of a U.S. In the same year, a truck bomb in Riyadh demolished the National Guard training facility, and in 1996, a truck bomb in Dharan destroyed the Khobar Towers, an American military housing. Bin Laden relocated from Sudan to Afghanistan in 1996 in an effort to shield himself from capture and attract more followers to al Qaeda's murderous mission. The scope of al Qaeda's attacks grew throughout this time. On August 7, 1998, bombs went off at the same time throughout the United States. Embassies at Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, where 11 people died and 85 were injured, and Nairobi, Kenya, where 213 people died and 4,500 were injured. The bombs were claimed by Al Qaeda. The U.S.S. Cole, an American military destroyer stationed off the coast of Yemen, was struck by a small boat carrying explosives on October 12, 2000. 38 sailors were hurt, and 17 sailors died. Bin Laden also claimed responsibility for that occurrence.

Bin Laden was charged with crimes relating to the embassy bombings by a federal grand jury in the United States, but a trial was prevented by the absence of a defendant. Al Qaeda agents were busy organizing the Pentagon and World Trade Center assaults of September 11, 2001, which would be the largest attack of all time. Bin Laden evaded capture even during the hysteria of the "global war on terror" that followed September 11th. He stayed hidden for almost ten years, planned future assaults while issuing fatwas and making jeers on radio and television. He also recruited passionate young jihadis to his cause. The CIA and other intelligence agencies were meanwhile unsuccessful in their quest for his hiding spot. They eventually followed bin Laden to a facility in Abbottabad, Pakistan, roughly 35 miles from Islamabad, in August 2010. Agents from the CIA kept an eye on the residence for months as drones took pictures of it from the air. It was finally time to leave. A group of Navy SEALs stormed the compound on May 2, 2011 (May 1 in the US). The al Qaeda chief was discovered in an upstairs bedroom with a pistol and an assault weapon close by. They shot him twice, killing him instantaneously, once in the head and once in the chest. After bin Laden's murder, Ayman al-Zawahiri took over as head of al Qaeda, and President Obama declared that "justice" had been carried out in a televised speech to the country that evening. He was assassinated on July 31, 2022, in Kabul, Afghanistan, by a US drone strike, putting an end to a 20-year manhunt. In 2019, a U.S. counterterrorism operation resulted in the death of Hamza bin Laden, who had been tipped as the leader of al Qaeda's future.