New American Bible - Revised Edition/The Book of Revelation

**The Book of Revelation**, as translated by the Co-Fraternity of Christian Doctrine in the New American Bible - Revised Edition.

## NOTE

Currently, The New American Bible - Revised Edition's The New Testament text is the exact same as the New American Bible's text, as it is based from the 1986 Revised New Testament. An upcoming revision of The New Testament for The New American Bible - Revised Edition is currently ongoing, and it is expected to be finished sometime around the year 2025 or later, pending approving from the Bishops and the Vatican.

Should it happen, the text here will be changed to reflect the new revision that would make The New American Bible - Revised Edition wholly a revised edition of The New American Bible that is worthy of its name, whereas the original New American Bible article will retain the 1986 New Testament Revision Text.

## READING GUIDES FOR THE BOOK OF REVELATION IN THE NEW AMERICAN BIBLE - REVISED EDITION

Here are the following Reading Guides for The Book Of Revelation in The New American Bible - Revised Edition.

## READING GUIDE (THE CATHOLIC STUDY BIBLE - THIRD EDITION)

 **REVELATION**

 **[see pages 1751–1778 of the New Testament]**

 **BEFORE BEGINNING. . .**

### A Book of Christian Prophecy

The Book Of Revelation makes for difficult reading. Over the centuries,
many interpretations have led to disastrous consequences both for
individuals and communities. The fundamental error is to take Revelation
as a literal set of predictions from the past about current events. Reading
Revelation that way has been popular for a long time, but it has become an
obsession for many contemporaries. Such readings have successively been
disconfirmed by facts; the “end-time” has been awaited many times without
occurring. Such readings have caused the distortion of lives. Many have
abandoned livelihood and loved ones to meet the New Jerusalem, only to
have their dreams destroyed. Such readings also miss the real religious
message of Revelation. They reduce its value to that of an astrological
chart.

Although the text itself virtually calls out for a futuristic reading, with its
promise to reveal “what must happen soon” **(Revelation 22:6),** it is critical to recognize
that just such statements are standard features of a specific literary genre of
the ancient world, called apocalyptic. Two convictions should guide faithful
study of Revelation. First, as with all the biblical writings, the Word of God
was addressed first to the original audience; a text’s “fuller” meaning for
successive ages is secondary and never to be divorced from that first,
historical, meaning. Second, as in all literature, religious or otherwise,
literary genre dictates meaning. Newspapers and poetry do not
communicate their respective “truths” in identical ways. Knowing the
conventions of a literary form is necessary to intelligent reading.

### Revelation as Apocalyptic

At least since the book of Daniel in the Old Testament, the apocalyptic style
was widely used in Judaism during the New Testament period. Generated
by persecution from without and the threat of apostasy from within, this
“literature of the oppressed” quickly gained certain standard features:
revelations about the future are experienced in dreams or visions, and the
insights are communicated through a complex symbolism involving
numbers, animals, and cosmic phenomena. The element of prediction is
actually a fiction. The seer interprets events of his own age, using a figure
of the past (such as Enoch) or an angelic being as a spokesperson.

These literary features serve to express an interpretation of history.
Apocalyptic defends God’s justice. Events appear to be under the control of
evil people or even satanic powers, since those devoted to God are being
persecuted. Such is the “present age.” But apocalyptic places God’s
blessing in a future time, “the age to come.” Just when things become
humanly impossible on earth, God will intervene (e.g., through a Messiah)
to save his own, and thus inaugurate the “kingdom of God.” Apocalyptic
reconciles the conviction that God controls history with experiences that
suggest God does not. The religious message of apocalyptic is therefore
simple. To the faithful, it says, “hold on”; to the wavering, “stand fast.” It
offers the hope of eventual vindication to those now oppressed but
remaining loyal to the one God.

### Revelation as Prophecy

Revelation fits within this apocalyptic genre well. It has visions, animals,
numbers, and cosmic catastrophes. It has a two-age interpretation of history.
And its basic religious message is a call for the “endurance of the holy
ones” **(Revelation 13:10;** **And** **Revelation 14:12).** In other ways, however, Revelation transcends
apocalyptic. The author is not a fictional sage from the past but a leader
who is well known to his readers. In **Chapter** **2** **and** **Chapter** **3**, the voice of prophecy
is directed explicitly (and not in coded fashion) to the seven churches of
Asia Minor. Most importantly, for Revelation the turn of the ages has
already begun. The victory of God over evil has in principle been
accomplished through the death and resurrection of Jesus; even more
impressively, the faithful who have been killed already share in God’s
victory in heaven.

The self-understanding of the church in this writing is thoroughly
prophetic. Those who follow Jesus are “servants and prophets and holy
ones” **(Revelation 11:18).** Their witness is the “spirit of prophecy” **(Revelation 19:10).** Jesus is the
first and “faithful witness” **(Revelation 1:5)** whose mission they continue. The nature
of their prophecy is to bear witness to the reality of God in the world. In the
letters of **Chapter** **2** and **Chapter** **3**, this is expressed as fidelity in face of corruption
or apostasy. In the visions of chapters 4 through 21, it is expressed as
loyalty in face of the idolatrous claims of the state and even of possible
death.

### The Opening Vision (Revelation 1:1–Revelation 1:20)

The prologue **(Revelation 1:1–Revelation 1:3)** and the epilogue **(Revelation 22:6–Revelation 22:21)** provide an explicit
prophetic framework for the entire work and reveal a self-conscious literary
awareness as well **(cf.** **Revelation 1:3;** **And** **Revelation 22:18).** The understanding of prophecy as
witness, which becomes the major theme of the book, is sounded at once
**(Revelation 1:2).**

The popularity of letter writing in early Christianity is shown by the fact
that this apocalyptic writing contains letters to the seven churches of Asia
Minor **(Revelation 2–Revelation 3),** and even has an epistolary greeting to introduce the work
**(Revelation 1:4–Revelation 1:8).** The author identifies himself as one known to his readers and
recounts the vision that provides the basis for the rest of the book. The
phrasing of **Revelation 1:9** suggests that John is on the Greek island of Patmos as a
punishment for his witness to Jesus. The vision that now comforts him
becomes an exhortation to all who are likewise oppressed.

The Risen Jesus is encountered as the Son of Man (the central figure in
much apocalyptic), described in the most transcendent terms available. The
reader is now in the realm of visions, which means the realm of symbols.
The terms are obviously not meant literally, any more than the later
fantastic descriptions of heaven. The terms used here and elsewhere are not
fresh-minted but are the coinage of biblical symbolism. Of all apocalyptic
writings, Revelation most artfully weaves together the themes of classical
prophecy, especially from the prophet Ezekiel. The footnotes and cross-references
in the NABRE will repay the effort required to trace out such
themes. One should quickly realize that Revelation is a self-conscious and
complex literary construction.

The Son of Man appears with the stars in his hands, standing amid seven
lampstands. Revelation makes clear from the start that it is the risen and
powerful Lord (in cosmic control) who is revealed, and that he is present to
the churches **(Revelation 1:20),** the concerns of which are taken up in the letters that
follow.

### Letters to the Seven Churches (Revelation 2:1–Revelation 3:22)

In what are literally “spirit letters” **(see** **Revelation 2:7)** from the Risen Jesus, seven
churches of well-known cities in Asia Minor receive individualized
prophecies. Revelation understands “prophecy” as exhortations to remain
faithful to the integrity of their calling. The trials and lapses of the
Christians in these communities are here put on remarkable display. We also
hear fragments of sayings **(such** **as** **in** **Revelation 2:3)** that occur elsewhere in the New
Testament literature **(see** **1 Thessalonians 5:2** **And** **Mark 13:33).**

The letters all follow the same format. There is a greeting, followed by
an elaborate designation of Jesus. The Risen Lord analyzes each
community’s spiritual condition and concludes with words of warning or of
promise. The description of the church’s struggles show how they faced
opposition from without (as from the Jews), but even more, division within
(as with the Nicolaitans). Corruption, too, appears as a vivid possibility.
Typical for Johannine literature, the opposition is pictured in terms of false
prophecy **(Revelation 2:20).** The focus of praise and of persuasion in these letters is
endurance.

The imagery of the letters is lush. Who can resist the almost fairy-tale
quality of this statement: “I shall also give a white amulet upon which is
inscribed a new name, which no one knows except the one who receives it”
**(Revelation 2:17)?** Beneath the poetry, however, lies grim reality. The difficulty in
these letters of maintaining loyalty in the face of social exclusion and
human laxity is raised, in the visions that follow, to the level of a cosmic
conflict between the Lord and the forces of evil.

### God and the Lamb in Heaven (Revelation 4:1–Revelation 5:14)

John is “caught up in spirit” **(Revelation 4:2),** and the rest of Revelation consists in the
visions he experienced in his ecstatic state. The vision is a staple of
apocalyptic. It is found with equal frequency in early Jewish mysticism,
called Merkabah, or “throne-chariot” mysticism. In prayer, the adept
ascended through the heavens to the throne of God’s presence. Much of the
celestial scenery here resembles that of the Merkabah: the jewel-encrusted
throne room **(Revelation 4:3f);** the sea of glass **(Revelation 4:6);** the angelic creatures **(Revelation 4:6–Revelation 4:9),** and
the numinous hymns sung in praise of God **(Revelation 5:9–Revelation 5:13).**

A dramatic departure from standard symbolism is the appearance of “the
Lamb that seemed to have been slain” **(Revelation 5:6).** Jesus is also called “Lamb of
God” in John’s Gospel **(Revelation 1:29;** **see** **also** **John 19:36,** **a** **reference** **to** **the** **Passover**
**lamb**).
It is a bold stroke to picture Jesus in such paradoxical animal terms.
The salient aspect of the lamb is its sacrificial function: Jesus was slain. But
this lamb is also “the lion of the tribe of Judah,” who has triumphed over
death **(Revelation 5:5).** In a powerful assertion of Jesus’s status after his resurrection,
the lamb is at “the right hand of the one who sat on the throne” **(Revelation 5:7;** **see** **Psalms**
**110:1).** Both figures receive the praise of the heavenly creatures **(Revelation 5:9–Revelation 5:11)**
and indeed of all creation **(Revelation 5:13f).**

The special character of the visions of Revelation is shown by the
problem of the “scroll” **(Revelation 5:1).** It contains the secrets to be revealed, and
because of its use in Ezekiel it is immediately recognizable as a symbol for
prophecy **(Revelation 10:8–Revelation 10:11** **And** **Ezekiel 2:9–Ezekiel 3:4).** Because of his resurrection, Jesus is
empowered to open the scroll **(Revelation 5:5).** What follows, therefore, is both a
revelation of and from Jesus Christ **(see** **Revelation 1:1).** The visions will show “what
must happen afterwards” **(Revelation 4:1),** but the reader is not frightened, knowing
from this first vision that the fundamental victory has already been
accomplished.

### Visions of Cosmic Conflict (Revelation 6:1–Revelation 16:21)

The next section of Revelation is the most difficult to make sense of, and,
not surprisingly, the most worked over for signs of the end. The candidates
selected to fit the profile of the “Beast” with the number 666 **(Revelation 13:18)** have
ranged from Nero to Hitler.

The visions are so structured as to give the illusion of temporal
sequence, linked together as they are by the phrase “and then I saw . . .” It is
indeed tempting to translate a series of visions into a sequence of historical
events, so readers have tried to compute the overlapping series of sevens:
seals **(Revelation 6:1–Revelation 6:17;** **And** **Revelation 8:1),** trumpets **(Revelation 8:1–Revelation 9:21;** **And** **Revelation 11:15),** plagues **(Revelation 15:1–Revelation 15:8),** and bowls
**(Revelation 16:1–Revelation 16:20).** But neither the events reported by headlines nor elaborate
literary analyses have ever satisfactorily unlocked this dense poetry. It is in
fact more likely that all the visions repeat the same basic message. The
saints on earth, locked in conflict with hostile forces, find a cosmic
counterpart in the struggle between God and Satan.

Thus, on one side we see all the “beasts” who oppose the faithful: the
dragon **(Revelation 12:1–Revelation 12:8),** the first beast **(Revelation 13:1–Revelation 13:10),** and the second beast **(Revelation 13:11–Revelation 13:17).**
These are not separate enemies but successive masks of the one force of
evil. As in modern horror films, the destruction of one gives rise to another
more horrifying still. Beneath the different manifestations, one visible
enemy is most prevalent: the idolatrous state that persecutes the saints,
enslaves them, and seeks to kill them **(Revelation 13:7–18).**

On the other side are those loyal to God, the “servants, prophets, and
holy ones” **(Revelation 11:18;** **And** **Revelation 19:9f).** They continue Jesus’s own faithful witness to
God by witnessing to Jesus. By so doing, they reject the idolatrous claims
of the state on their obeisance. They suffer the consequences, some of them
by shedding blood. Revelation establishes the connection between
“witness” and “martyr” by the disciples’ imitation of Jesus’s death. The
prophetic self-consciousness of this church is most clearly stated in the
account of the two witnesses **(Revelation 11:1–Revelation 11:13).** This earthly interlude shows two
people, who both “witness” and “testify” (the terms are interchangeable).
They are killed in imitation of Jesus **(Revelation 11:7).** They are also called into heaven
**(Revelation 11:12).** The vignette describes the conviction of Revelation that those who
share Jesus’s death also share his triumph in heaven. Thus, alternating with
scenes of suffering on earth below are serene descriptions of the saints in
heaven celebrating the anticipated and certain victory of the Lamb **(Revelation 5:9f;**
**Revelation 6:9–Revelation 6:11;** **Revelation 7:4–Revelation 7:7;** **Revelation 14:1–Revelation 14:5;** **And** Revelation **15:2–Revelation 15:4).** In standard apocalyptic, history moves
downward to ever more dismal circumstances, until God finally intervenes.
In Revelation, however, the final outcome is not in doubt. Not only Jesus
but also those “defeated” with him by evil already share in the resurrection
triumph. The earthly conquest is just a matter of tidying up.

It is useless to tease such poetry into a train schedule. The vision here is
not one of history unfolding like clockwork; it is a religious vision of God’s
ultimate conquest despite current appearances. Once the reader lets go of
the obsessive “need to know” that twists beauty into charts and tables, it is
possible to wonder at the powerful poetic and religious imagination at work
in these glorious images. On the side of evil, what genius to make the
second beast, who is a “false prophet,” mimic the features but betray the
nature of the true prophet: “it had two horns like a lamb’s but spoke like a
dragon” **(Revelation 13:11).** On the side of good, what beauty in the prayer that speaks
to the suffering of all humankind, that hopes “the Lamb who is in the center
of the throne will shepherd them and lead them to springs of life-giving
water, and God will wipe away every tear from their eyes” **(Revelation 7:17).**

### Punishment of Babylon (Revelation 17:1–Revelation 20:15)

The masks fall away, revealing as the real enemy of God’s people the
Roman Empire, “the great harlot who lives near the many waters” **(Revelation 17:1).**
Rome is called Babylon **(Revelation 17:5)** because in the biblical tradition it was
Babylon above all that symbolized the desecration of the Temple and the
exile of the people. In typical apocalyptic fashion, the sequence of events is
laid out: God has given temporary rule to this evil empire to accomplish his
ends. It does battle against the Lamb and the people.

The persecution and suffering were undoubtedly real. These Christians
were faced with the choices of all who suffer oppression. Were they to resist
violently and seek the overthrow of Rome? That was futile as well as
contrary to their ethos. Were they simply to cooperate? That would be to
lose their identity. They chose the path of passive resistance. They did not
fight the beast, but neither would they do its bidding. The path of
martyrdom, however slow or fast, is not easy. For those who survive, the
psychic toll is considerable. Anger at the enemy can easily turn inward;
patient endurance is hard. They were convinced that “the Lamb will
conquer” **(Revelation 17:14),** but in their earthly condition they had not yet seen it
happen. Rome’s fall is therefore described in delicious detail. The pent-up
fury of the oppressed is released in glee over the degradation of the
oppressor. Much of this is obviously and literally wish fulfillment, the stuff
of fantasy. The anger of a downtrodden people is deflected to a punishing
God.

The end-time reveals how “the words of God are accomplished” **(Revelation 17:17).**
The “Word of God” himself **(Revelation 19:13)** leads the climactic battle and
inaugurates the messianic age, when the saints “will reign with Christ for a
thousand years” **(Revelation 20:4–6).** But this is not yet the end. There is another
outbreak of demonic destruction **(Revelation 20:7–Revelation 20:10)** and the tossing of the Devil into
the fire, then the resurrection of the dead for final judgment **(Revelation 20:11–Revelation 20:15).**
These stages lack poetry, but the final vision overcomes this deficiency.

### The New Creation (Revelation 21:1–Revelation 22:21)

The conclusion to Revelation is a fitting conclusion to the Bible as a whole.
The vision of a new creation **(Revelation 21:1)** is central to the New Testament **(see,**
**e.g.,** **2 Corinthians 5:17).** The Christian experience of Christ was an absolute
beginning, rooted in the ever-new life of God himself. God can say,
“Behold, I make all things new” **(Revelation 21:5)** because God is “the Alpha and the
Omega, the beginning and the end” of all things **(Revelation 21:6;** **And** **Revelation 22:13).** As Genesis
began with the creation by a word, so the vision of the end-time
recapitulates that beginning: creation is renewed.

The hope expressed by Revelation is not simply that souls be saved after
death, or that evil be conquered, or even that saints reign for a thousand
years over a burned-out terrain. The hope is that creation itself be
transformed. So the sight of a “New Jerusalem coming down out of heaven
from God” is the vision of a civilized order, one that is intrinsically holy in
the proper sense. Human society is based on the recognition of God’s power
and presence. No place for those, now, who refuse the “dwelling place of
God with the human race” **(Revelation 21:3,** **And** **Revelation 21:7f).**

In this city, there is not even need for “religion” as a separate
compartment of life. The temple of the city is “the Lord God almighty and
the Lamb” **(Revelation 21:22).** And all the city’s people will be priests of [the Lord]
God **(Revelation 20:6),** showing at last that the fundamental human vocation is praise
of God **(Revelation 22:9).** There need be no division between peoples. Nothing is here
accursed **(Revelation 22:3).** The nations will walk by the light of the Lamb **(Revelation 21:24),** and
the trees of the city “serve as medicine for the nations” **(Revelation 22:2).** And what
medicine! There will be “no more death or mourning, wailing or pain, [for]
the old order has passed away” **(Revelation 21:4).**

Great harm has come to those millenarians who have tried by force to
make this vision a reality, and establish a thousand-year reign of the saints
on earth. Great despair has come to the utopians who have tried on the basis
of goodwill to construct a society like the New Jerusalem.

The vision has its value precisely as challenge, as ever-receding
prophecy to all human effort for renewal. This does not come about by
human cunning but by God’s gift. The transformation is not technical but
organic. But so compelling is the vision that no one who hears it can help
joining in the plaintive cry of the epilogue, “Amen! Come, Lord Jesus!”
The epilogue also reminds us that we are still in the in-between time when
the world is not re-created. There is still need for the witness of prophecy
and for endurance of the saints, for “the wicked still act wickedly, and the
filthy still be filthy. The righteous must still do right, and the holy still be
holy” **(Revelation 22:11).** Here is a call to the saints.

### FURTHER READING

Aune, D. E. Revelation. 3 vols. Word Biblical Commentary; Waco, TX: Word, 1997–98.

Boring, M. Eugene. Revelation. Interpretation Commentaries. Louisville: John Knox, 1989.

Boxall, Ian. The Revelation of Saint John. Black’s New Testament Commentary. Peabody, MA:
Hendrickson, 2006.

Caird, G. B. A Commentary of the Revelation of St. John the Divine. Harper New Testament
Commentary. New York: Harper & Row, 1966.

Harrington, Wilfrid J., O.P. Revelation. Abington New Testament Commentaries; Nashville:
Abingdon, 1998.

Hays, Richard B., and Stefan Alkier, eds. Revelation and the Politics of Apocalyptic Interpretation. Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2012.

Minear, P. I Saw a New Earth: An Introduction to the Vision of The Apocalypse. Washington, DC:
Corpus Publications, 1968.

Mounce, Robert H. The Book of Revelation. New International Commentary on the New Testament.
Rev. ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998.

Thompson, Leonard L. Revelation. Sacra Pagina. Collegeville, MD: Liturgical Press, 1993.

## INTRODUCTION

###  **THE BOOK OF REVELATION**

The Apocalypse, or Revelation to John, the last book of the Bible, is one of the most difficult to understand because it abounds in unfamiliar and extravagant symbolism, which at best appears unusual to the modern reader. Symbolic language, however, is one of the chief characteristics of apocalyptic literature, of which this book is an outstanding example. Such literature enjoyed wide popularity in both Jewish and Christian circles from ca. 200 B.C. to A.D. 200.

This book contains an account of visions in symbolic and allegorical language borrowed extensively from the Old Testament, especially Ezekiel, Zechariah, and Daniel. Whether or not these visions were real experiences of the author or simply literary conventions employed by him is an open question.

This much, however, is certain: symbolic descriptions are not to be taken as literal descriptions, nor is the symbolism meant to be pictured realistically. One would find it difficult and repulsive to visualize a lamb with seven horns and seven eyes; yet Jesus Christ is described in precisely such words (Rev 5:6). The author used these images to suggest Christ’s universal (seven) power (horns) and knowledge (eyes). A significant feature of apocalyptic writing is the use of symbolic colors, metals, garments (Rev 1:13–16; 3:18; 4:4; 6:1–8; 17:4; 19:8), and numbers (four signifies the world, six imperfection, seven totality or perfection, twelve Israel’s tribes or the apostles, one thousand immensity). Finally the vindictive language in the book (Rev 6:9–10; 18:1–19:4) is also to be understood symbolically and not literally. The cries for vengeance on the lips of Christian martyrs that sound so harsh are in fact literary devices the author employed to evoke in the reader and hearer a feeling of horror for apostasy and rebellion that will be severely punished by God.

The lurid descriptions of the punishment of Jezebel (Rev 2:22) and of the destruction of the great harlot, Babylon (Rev 16:9–19:2), are likewise literary devices. The metaphor of Babylon as harlot would be wrongly construed if interpreted literally. On the other hand, the stylized figure of the woman clothed with the sun (Rev 12:1–6), depicting the New Israel, may seem to be a negative stereotype. It is necessary to look beyond the literal meaning to see that these images mean to convey a sense of God’s wrath at sin in the former case and trust in God’s providential care over the church in the latter.

The Book of Revelation cannot be adequately understood except against the historical background that occasioned its writing. Like Daniel and other apocalypses, it was composed as resistance literature to meet a crisis. The book itself suggests that the crisis was ruthless persecution of the early church by the Roman authorities; the harlot Babylon symbolizes pagan Rome, the city on seven hills (Rev 17:9). The book is, then, an exhortation and admonition to Christians of the first century to stand firm in the faith and to avoid compromise with paganism, despite the threat of adversity and martyrdom; they are to await patiently the fulfillment of God’s mighty promises. The triumph of God in the world of men and women remains a mystery, to be accepted in faith and longed for in hope. It is a triumph that unfolded in the history of Jesus of Nazareth and continues to unfold in the history of the individual Christian who follows the way of the cross, even, if necessary, to a martyr’s death.

Though the perspective is eschatological—ultimate salvation and victory are said to take place at the end of the present age when Christ will come in glory at the parousia—the book presents the decisive struggle of Christ and his followers against Satan and his cohorts as already over. Christ’s overwhelming defeat of the kingdom of Satan ushered in the everlasting reign of God (Rev 11:15; 12:10). Even the forces of evil unwittingly carry out the divine plan (Rev 17:17), for God is the sovereign Lord of history.
The Book of Revelation had its origin in a time of crisis, but it remains valid and meaningful for Christians of all time. In the face of apparently insuperable evil, either from within or from without, all Christians are called to trust in Jesus’ promise, “Behold, I am with you always, until the end of the age” (Mt 28:20). Those who remain steadfast in their faith and confidence in the risen Lord need have no fear. Suffering, persecution, even death by martyrdom, though remaining impenetrable mysteries of evil, do not comprise an absurd dead end. No matter what adversity or sacrifice Christians may endure, they will in the end triumph over Satan and his forces because of their fidelity to Christ the victor. This is the enduring message of the book; it is a message of hope and consolation and challenge for all who dare to believe.

The author of the book calls himself John (Rev 1:1, 4, 9; 22:8), who because of his Christian faith has been exiled to the rocky island of Patmos, a Roman penal colony. Although he never claims to be John the apostle, whose name is attached to the fourth gospel, he was so identified by several of the early church Fathers, including Justin, Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria, Tertullian, Cyprian, and Hippolytus. This identification, however, was denied by other Fathers, including Denis of Alexandria, Eusebius of Caesarea, Cyril of Jerusalem, Gregory Nazianzen, and John Chrysostom. Indeed, vocabulary, grammar, and style make it doubtful that the book could have been put into its present form by the same person(s) responsible for the fourth gospel. Nevertheless, there are definite linguistic and theological affinities between the two books. The tone of the letters to the seven churches (Rev 1:4–3:22) is indicative of the great authority the author enjoyed over the Christian communities in Asia. It is possible, therefore, that he was a disciple of John the apostle, who is traditionally associated with that part of the world. The date of the book in its present form is probably near the end of the reign of Domitian (A.D. 81–96), a fierce persecutor of the Christians.

###  **The Divisions of The Book of Revelation**

The principal divisions of the Book of Revelation are the following:

**I. Prologue (1:1–3)**

**II. Letters to the Churches of Asia (1:4–3:22)**

**III. God and the Lamb in Heaven (4:1–5:14)**

**IV. The Seven Seals, Trumpets, and Plagues, with Interludes (6:1–16:21)**

**V. The Punishment of Babylon and the Destruction of Pagan Nations (17:1–20:15)**

**VI. The New Creation (21:1–22:5)**

**VII. Epilogue (22:6–21)**

## CHAPTER 1

**1** The revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave to him, to show his servants what must happen soon. He made it known by sending his angel to his servant John,

**2** who gives witness to the word of God and to the testimony of Jesus Christ by reporting what he saw. **3** Blessed is the one
who reads aloud and blessed are those who listen to this prophetic message and heed what is written in it, for the appointed time is near.

### Greeting.

**4** John, to the seven churches in Asia:

grace to you and peace from him who is and who was and who is to come, and from the seven spirits before his throne,

**5** and from Jesus Christ, the faithful witness, the firstborn of the dead and ruler of the kings of the earth. To him who loves us and has freed us

from our sins by his blood,

**6** who has made us into a kingdom, priests for his God and Father, to him be glory and power forever [and ever]. Amen.

**7** Behold, he is coming amid the clouds,

and every eye will see him,

even those who pierced him.

All the peoples of the earth will lament him.

Yes. Amen.

**8** “I am the Alpha and the Omega,”

says the Lord God, “the one who is and who was and who is to come, the almighty.”

### The First Vision.

**9** I, John, your brother, who share with you the distress, the kingdom, and the endurance we have in Jesus, found myself on the island called Patmos

because I proclaimed God’s word and gave testimony to Jesus. **10** I was caught up in spirit on the Lord’s day

and heard behind me a voice as loud as a trumpet, **11** which said, “Write on a scroll

what you see and send it to the seven churches: to Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, and Laodicea.” **12**

Then I turned to see whose voice it was that spoke to me, and when I turned, I saw seven gold lampstands **13** and in the midst of the lampstands one like a son of man,

wearing an ankle-length robe, with a gold sash around his chest.

**14** The hair of his head was as white as white wool or as snow,

and his eyes were like a fiery flame. **15** His feet were like polished brass refined in a furnace,

and his voice was like the sound of rushing water. **16** In his right hand he held seven stars.

A sharp two-edged sword came out of his mouth, and his face shone like the sun at its brightest.

**17** When I caught sight of him, I fell down at his feet as though dead.

He touched me with his right hand and said, “Do not be afraid. I am the first and the last,

**18** the one who lives. Once I was dead, but now I am alive forever and ever. I hold the keys to death and the netherworld.

**19** Write down, therefore, what you have seen, and what is happening, and what will happen afterwards.

**20** This is the secret meaning

of the seven stars you saw in my right hand, and of the seven gold lampstands: the seven stars are the angels of the seven churches, and the seven lampstands are the seven churches.

## CHAPTER 2

### To Ephesus.

**1**

“To the angel of the church

in Ephesus,

write this:

“‘The one who holds the seven stars in his right hand and walks in the midst of the seven gold lampstands says this: **2** “I know your works, your labor, and your endurance, and that you cannot tolerate the wicked; you have tested those who call themselves apostles but are not, and discovered that they are impostors.

**3** Moreover, you have endurance and have suffered for my name, and you have not grown weary. **4** Yet I hold this against you: you have lost the love you had at first. **5** Realize how far you have fallen. Repent, and do the works you did at first. Otherwise, I will come to you and remove your lampstand from its place, unless you repent. **6** But you have this in your favor: you hate the works of the Nicolaitans,

which I also hate.

**7** “‘“Whoever has ears ought to hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To the victor

I will give the right to eat from the tree of life that is in the garden of God.”’

### To Smyrna.

**8** “To the angel of the church in Smyrna,

write this:

“‘The first and the last, who once died but came to life, says this: **9** “I know your tribulation and poverty, but you are rich.

I know the slander of those who claim to be Jews and are not, but rather are members of the assembly of Satan.

**10** Do not be afraid of anything that you are going to suffer. Indeed, the devil will throw some of you into prison, that you may be tested, and you will face an ordeal for ten days. Remain faithful until death, and I will give you the crown of life.

**11** “‘“Whoever has ears ought to hear what the Spirit says to the churches.

The victor shall not be harmed by the second death.”’

### To Pergamum.

**12** “To the angel of the church in Pergamum,

write this:

“‘The one with the sharp two-edged sword says this: **13** “I know that you live where Satan’s throne

is, and yet you hold fast to my name and have not denied your faith in me, not even in the days of Antipas, my faithful witness, who was martyred among you, where Satan lives. **14**

Yet I have a few things against you. You have some people there who hold to the teaching of Balaam, who instructed Balak to put a stumbling block before the Israelites: to eat food sacrificed to idols and to play the harlot.

**15** Likewise, you also have some people who hold to the teaching of [the] Nicolaitans. **16** Therefore, repent. Otherwise, I will come to you quickly and wage war against them with the sword of my mouth.

**17** “‘“Whoever has ears ought to hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To the victor I shall give some of the hidden manna;

I shall also give a white amulet upon which is inscribed a new name, which no one knows except the one who receives it.”’

### To Thyatira.

**18** “To the angel of the church in Thyatira,

write this:

“‘The Son of God, whose eyes are like a fiery flame and whose feet are like polished brass, says this: **19** “I know your works, your love, faith, service, and endurance, and that your last works are greater than the first. **20** Yet I hold this against you, that you tolerate the woman Jezebel, who calls herself a prophetess, who teaches and misleads my servants to play the harlot and to eat food sacrificed to idols.

**21** I have given her time to repent, but she refuses to repent of her harlotry. **22** So I will cast her on a sickbed and plunge those who commit adultery with her into intense suffering unless they repent of her works. **23** I will also put her children

to death. Thus shall all the churches come to know that I am the searcher of hearts and minds and that I will give each of you what your works deserve.

**24** But I say to the rest of you in Thyatira, who do not uphold this teaching and know nothing of the so-called deep secrets of Satan:

on you I will place no further burden, **25** except that you must hold fast to what you have until I come.

**26** “‘“To the victor,

who keeps to my ways

until the end,

I will give authority over the nations.

**27** He will rule them with an iron rod.

Like clay vessels will they be smashed,

**28** just as I received authority from my Father. And to him I will give the morning star.

**29** “‘“Whoever has ears ought to hear what the Spirit says to the churches.”’

## CHAPTER 3

### To Sardis.

**1** “To the angel of the church in Sardis,

write this:

“‘The one who has the seven spirits of God and the seven stars says this: “I know your works, that you have the reputation of being alive, but you are dead. **2** Be watchful and strengthen what is left, which is going to die, for I have not found your works complete in the sight of my God. **3** Remember then how you accepted and heard; keep it, and repent. If you are not watchful, I will come like a thief, and you will never know at what hour I will come upon you.

**4** However, you have a few people in Sardis who have not soiled their garments; they will walk with me dressed in white, because they are worthy.

**5** “‘“The victor will thus be dressed in white,

and I will never erase his name from the book of life but will acknowledge his name in the presence of my Father and of his angels.

**6** “‘“Whoever has ears ought to hear what the Spirit says to the churches.”’

### To Philadelphia.

**7** “To the angel of the church in Philadelphia,

write this:

“‘The holy one, the true,

who holds the key of David,

who opens and no one shall close,

who closes and no one shall open,

says this:

**8** “‘“I know your works (behold, I have left an open door

before you, which no one can close). You have limited strength, and yet you have kept my word and have not denied my name. **9** Behold, I will make those of the assembly of Satan who claim to be Jews and are not, but are lying, behold I will make them come and fall prostrate at your feet, and they will realize that I love you.

**10** Because you have kept my message of endurance,

I will keep you safe in the time of trial that is going to come to the whole world to test the inhabitants of the earth. **11** I am coming quickly. Hold fast to what you have, so that no one may take your crown.

**12** “‘“The victor I will make into a pillar

in the temple of my God, and he will never leave it again. On him I will inscribe the name of my God and the name of the city of my God, the new Jerusalem, which comes down out of heaven from my God, as well as my new name.

**13** “‘“Whoever has ears ought to hear what the Spirit says to the churches.”’

### To Laodicea.

**14** “To the angel of the church in Laodicea,

write this:

“‘The Amen, the faithful and true witness, the source of God’s creation, says this:

**15** “I know your works; I know that you are neither cold nor hot.

I wish you were either cold or hot. **16**

So, because you are lukewarm, neither hot nor cold, I will spit you out of my mouth. **17**

For you say, ‘I am rich and affluent and have no need of anything,’ and yet do not realize that you are wretched, pitiable, poor, blind, and naked. **18** I advise you to buy from me gold refined by fire

so that you may be rich, and white garments to put on so that your shameful nakedness may not be exposed, and buy ointment to smear on your eyes so that you may see. **19** Those whom I love, I reprove and chastise. Be earnest, therefore, and repent.

**20** “‘“Behold, I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears my voice and opens the door, [then] I will enter his house and dine with him, and he with me.

**21** I will give the victor the right to sit with me on my throne, as I myself first won the victory and sit with my Father on his throne.

**22** “‘“Whoever has ears ought to hear what the Spirit says to the churches.”’”

## CHAPTER 4

### Vision of Heavenly Worship.

**1** After this I had a vision of an open door

to heaven, and I heard the trumpetlike voice that had spoken to me before, saying, “Come up here and I will show you what must happen afterwards.” **2**

At once I was caught up in spirit.

A throne was there in heaven, and on the throne sat **3** one whose appearance sparkled like jasper and carnelian. Around the throne was a halo as brilliant as an emerald. **4** Surrounding the throne I saw twenty-four other thrones on which twenty-four elders

sat, dressed in white garments and with gold crowns on their heads.

**5** From the throne came flashes of lightning, rumblings, and peals of thunder.

Seven flaming torches burned in front of the throne, which are the seven spirits of God. **6**

In front of the throne was something that resembled a sea of glass like crystal.

In the center and around the throne, there were four living creatures covered with eyes in front and in back. **7** The first creature resembled a lion, the second was like a calf, the third had a face like that of a human being, and the fourth looked like an eagle

in flight. **8** The four living creatures, each of them with six wings,

were covered with eyes inside and out. Day and night they do not stop exclaiming:

“Holy, holy, holy is the Lord God almighty,

who was, and who is, and who is to come.”

**9** Whenever the living creatures give glory and honor and thanks to the one who sits on the throne, who lives forever and ever, **10** the twenty-four elders fall down before the one who sits on the throne and worship him, who lives forever and ever. They throw down their crowns before the throne, exclaiming:

**11** “Worthy are you, Lord our God,

to receive glory and honor and power,

for you created all things;

because of your will they came to be and were created.”

## CHAPTER 5

### The Scroll and the Lamb.

**1** I saw a scroll

in the right hand of the one who sat on the throne. It had writing on both sides and was sealed with seven seals.

**2** Then I saw a mighty angel who proclaimed in a loud voice, “Who is worthy to open the scroll and break its seals?” **3** But no one in heaven or on earth or under the earth was able to open the scroll or to examine it. **4** I shed many tears because no one was found worthy to open the scroll or to examine it. **5** One of the elders said to me, “Do not weep. The lion of the tribe of Judah, the root of David,

has triumphed, enabling him to open the scroll with its seven seals.”

**6** Then I saw standing in the midst of the throne and the four living creatures and the elders a Lamb

that seemed to have been slain. He had seven horns and seven eyes; these are the [seven] spirits of God sent out into the whole world.
**7** He came and received the scroll from the right hand of the one who sat on the throne. **8** When he took it, the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders fell down before the Lamb. Each of the elders held a harp and gold bowls filled with incense, which are the prayers of the holy ones. **9** They sang a new hymn:

“Worthy are you to receive the scroll

and to break open its seals,

for you were slain and with your blood you purchased for God

those from every tribe and tongue, people and nation.

**10** You made them a kingdom and priests for our God,

and they will reign on earth.”

**11** I looked again and heard the voices of many angels who surrounded the throne and the living creatures and the elders. They were countless

in number,

**12** and they cried out in a loud voice:

“Worthy is the Lamb that was slain

to receive power and riches, wisdom and strength,

honor and glory and blessing.”

**13** Then I heard every creature in heaven and on earth and under the earth and in the sea, everything in the universe, cry out:

“To the one who sits on the throne and to the Lamb

be blessing and honor, glory and might,

forever and ever.”

**14** The four living creatures answered, “Amen,” and the elders fell down and worshiped.

## CHAPTER 6

### The First Six Seals.

**1**

Then I watched while the Lamb broke open the first of the seven seals, and I heard one of the four living creatures cry out in a voice like thunder, “Come forward.” **2** I looked, and there was a white horse, and its rider had a bow.

He was given a crown, and he rode forth victorious to further his victories.

**3** When he broke open the second seal, I heard the second living creature cry out, “Come forward.” **4**

Another horse came out, a red one. Its rider was given power to take peace away from the earth, so that people would slaughter one another. And he was given a huge sword.

**5** When he broke open the third seal, I heard the third living creature cry out, “Come forward.” I looked, and there was a black horse,

and its rider held a scale in his hand. **6** I heard what seemed to be a voice in the midst of the four living creatures. It said, “A ration of wheat costs a day’s pay,

and three rations of barley cost a day’s pay. But do not damage the olive oil or the wine.”

**7** When he broke open the fourth seal, I heard the voice of the fourth living creature cry out, “Come forward.” **8** I looked, and there was a pale green

horse. Its rider was named Death, and Hades accompanied him. They were given authority over a quarter of the earth, to kill with sword, famine, and plague, and by means of the beasts of the earth.

**9** When he broke open the fifth seal, I saw underneath the altar

the souls of those who had been slaughtered because of the witness they bore to the word of God. **10** They cried out in a loud voice, “How long will it be, holy and true master,

before you sit in judgment and avenge our blood on the inhabitants of the earth?” **11** Each of them was given a white robe, and they were told to be patient a little while longer until the number was filled of their fellow servants and brothers who were going to be killed as they had been.

**12**

Then I watched while he broke open the sixth seal, and there was a great earthquake; the sun turned as black as dark sackcloth

and the whole moon became like blood.

**13** The stars in the sky fell to the earth like unripe figs

shaken loose from the tree in a strong wind. **14** Then the sky was divided

like a torn scroll curling up, and every mountain and island was moved from its place.

**15** The kings of the earth, the nobles,

the military officers, the rich, the powerful, and every slave and free person hid themselves in caves and among mountain crags. **16** They cried out to the mountains and the rocks, “Fall on us and hide us from the face of the one who sits on the throne and from the wrath of the Lamb,

**17** because the great day of their

wrath has come and who can withstand it?”

## CHAPTER 7

### The 144,000 Sealed.

**1** After this I saw four angels standing at the four corners of the earth,

holding back the four winds of the earth so that no wind could blow on land or sea or against any tree.

**2** Then I saw another angel come up from the East,

holding the seal of the living God. He cried out in a loud voice to the four angels who were given power to damage the land and the sea, **3** “Do not damage the land or the sea or the trees until we put the seal on the foreheads of the servants of our God.”

**4** I heard the number of those who had been marked with the seal, one hundred and forty-four thousand marked

from every tribe of the Israelites:

**5** twelve thousand were marked from the tribe of Judah,

twelve thousand from the tribe of Reuben, twelve thousand from the tribe of Gad, **6** twelve thousand from the tribe of Asher, twelve thousand from the tribe of Naphtali, twelve thousand from the tribe of Manasseh, **7** twelve thousand from the tribe of Simeon, twelve thousand from the tribe of Levi, twelve thousand from the tribe of Issachar, **8** twelve thousand from the tribe of Zebulun, twelve thousand from the tribe of Joseph, and twelve thousand were marked from the tribe of Benjamin.

### Triumph of the Elect.

**9** After this I had a vision of a great multitude, which no one could count, from every nation, race, people, and tongue. They stood before the throne and before the Lamb, wearing white robes and holding palm branches

in their hands. **10** They cried out in a loud voice:

“Salvation comes from

our God, who is seated on the throne,

and from the Lamb.”

**11** All the angels stood around the throne and around the elders and the four living creatures. They prostrated themselves before the throne, worshiped God, **12** and exclaimed:

“Amen. Blessing and glory, wisdom and thanksgiving,

honor, power, and might

be to our God forever and ever. Amen.”

**13** Then one of the elders spoke up and said to me, “Who are these wearing white robes, and where did they come from?” **14** I said to him, “My lord, you are the one who knows.” He said to me, “These are the ones who have survived the time of great distress;

they have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb.

**15** “For this reason they stand before God’s throne

and worship him day and night in his temple.

The one who sits on the throne will shelter them.

**16** They will not hunger or thirst anymore,

nor will the sun or any heat strike them.

**17** For the Lamb who is in the center of the throne will shepherd them

and lead them to springs of life-giving water,

and God will wipe away every tear from their eyes.”

## CHAPTER 8

### The Seven Trumpets.

**1** When he broke open the seventh seal, there was silence in heaven

for about half an hour.

**2** And I saw that the seven angels who stood before God were given seven trumpets.

### The Gold Censer.

**3** Another angel came and stood at the altar,

holding a gold censer. He was given a great quantity of incense to offer, along with the prayers of all the holy ones, on the gold altar that was before the throne.

**4** The smoke of the incense along with the prayers of the holy ones went up before God from the hand of the angel. **5** Then the angel took the censer, filled it with burning coals from the altar, and hurled it down to the earth. There were peals of thunder, rumblings, flashes of lightning, and an earthquake.

### The First Four Trumpets.

**6** The seven angels who were holding the seven trumpets prepared to blow them.

**7** When the first one blew his trumpet, there came hail and fire mixed with blood, which was hurled down to the earth. A third of the land was burned up, along with a third of the trees and all green grass.

**8**

When the second angel blew his trumpet, something like a large burning mountain was hurled into the sea. A third of the sea turned to blood,

**9** a third of the creatures living in the sea

died, and a third of the ships were wrecked.

**10** When the third angel blew his trumpet, a large star burning like a torch fell from the sky. It fell on a third of the rivers and on the springs of water.

**11** The star was called “Wormwood,”

and a third of all the water turned to wormwood. Many people died from this water, because it was made bitter.

**12** When the fourth angel blew his trumpet, a third of the sun, a third of the moon, and a third of the stars were struck, so that a third of them became dark. The day lost its light for a third of the time, as did the night.

**13** Then I looked again and heard an eagle flying high overhead cry out in a loud voice, “Woe! Woe! Woe

to the inhabitants of the earth from the rest of the trumpet blasts that the three angels are about to blow!”

## CHAPTER 9

### The Fifth Trumpet.

**1** Then the fifth angel blew his trumpet, and I saw a star

that had fallen from the sky to the earth. It was given the key for the passage to the abyss. **2** It opened the passage to the abyss,

and smoke came up out of the passage like smoke from a huge furnace. The sun and the air were darkened by the smoke from the passage.

**3** Locusts came out of the smoke onto the land, and they were given the same power as scorpions

of the earth.

**4** They were told not to harm the grass of the earth or any plant or any tree, but only those people who did not have the seal of God on their foreheads. **5** They were not allowed to kill them but only to torment them for five months;

the torment they inflicted was like that of a scorpion when it stings a person. **6** During that time these people will seek death but will not find it, and they will long to die but death will escape them.

**7**

The appearance of the locusts was like that of horses ready for battle. On their heads they wore what looked like crowns of gold; their faces were like human faces,

**8** and they had hair like women’s hair. Their teeth were like lions’ teeth,

**9** and they had chests like iron breastplates. The sound of their wings was like the sound of many horse-drawn chariots racing into battle. **10** They had tails like scorpions, with stingers; with their tails they had power to harm people for five months. **11** They had as their king the angel of the abyss, whose name in Hebrew is Abaddon

and in Greek Apollyon.

**12** The first woe has passed, but there are two more to come.

### The Sixth Trumpet.

**13** Then the sixth angel blew his trumpet, and I heard a voice coming from the [four]

horns of the gold altar before God,

**14** telling the sixth angel who held the trumpet, “Release the four angels

who are bound at the banks of the great river Euphrates.” **15** So the four angels were released, who were prepared for this hour, day, month, and year to kill a third of the human race. **16** The number of cavalry troops was two hundred million; I heard their number. **17** Now in my vision this is how I saw the horses and their riders. They wore red, blue, and yellow breastplates,

and the horses’ heads were like heads of lions, and out of their mouths came fire, smoke, and sulfur.

**18** By these three plagues of fire, smoke, and sulfur that came out of their mouths a third of the human race was killed. **19** For the power of the horses is in their mouths and in their tails; for their tails are like snakes, with heads that inflict harm.

**20** The rest of the human race, who were not killed by these plagues, did not repent of the works of their hands,

to give up the worship of demons and idols made from gold, silver, bronze, stone, and wood, which cannot see or hear or walk.

**21** Nor did they repent of their murders, their magic potions, their unchastity, or their robberies.

## CHAPTER 10

### The Angel with the Small Scroll.

**1**

Then I saw another mighty angel come down from heaven wrapped in a cloud, with a halo around his head; his face was like the sun and his feet were like pillars of fire. **2** In his hand he held a small scroll that had been opened. He placed his right foot on the sea and his left foot on the land,

**3** and then he cried out in a loud voice as a lion roars. When he cried out, the seven thunders

raised their voices, too.

**4** When the seven thunders had spoken, I was about to write it down; but I heard a voice from heaven say, “Seal up what the seven thunders have spoken, but do not write it down.” **5** Then the angel I saw standing on the sea and on the land raised his right hand to heaven **6** and swore by the one who lives forever and ever, who created heaven and earth and sea

and all that is in them, “There shall be no more delay.

**7** At the time when you hear the seventh angel blow his trumpet, the mysterious plan of God

shall be fulfilled, as he promised to his servants the prophets.”

**8** Then the voice that I had heard from heaven spoke to me again and said, “Go, take the scroll that lies open in the hand of the angel who is standing on the sea and on the land.” **9** So I went up to the angel and told him to give me the small scroll. He said to me, “Take and swallow it. It will turn your stomach sour, but in your mouth it will taste as sweet

as honey.” **10** I took the small scroll from the angel’s hand and swallowed it. In my mouth it was like sweet honey, but when I had eaten it, my stomach turned sour.

**11** Then someone said to me, “You must prophesy again about many peoples, nations, tongues, and kings.”

## CHAPTER 11

### The Two Witnesses.

**1**

Then I was given a measuring rod like a staff and I was told, “Come and measure the temple of God and the altar, and count those who are worshiping in it. **2** But exclude the outer court

of the temple; do not measure it, for it has been handed over to the Gentiles, who will trample the holy city for forty-two months. **3** I will commission my two witnesses

to prophesy for those twelve hundred and sixty days, wearing sackcloth.” **4**

These are the two olive trees and the two lampstands

that stand before the Lord of the earth. **5**

If anyone wants to harm them, fire comes out of their mouths and devours their enemies. In this way, anyone wanting to harm them is sure to be slain. **6** They have the power to close up the sky so that no rain can fall during the time of their prophesying. They also have power to turn water into blood and to afflict the earth with any plague as often as they wish.

**7** When they have finished their testimony, the beast that comes up from the abyss

will wage war against them and conquer them and kill them.

**8** Their corpses will lie in the main street of the great city,

which has the symbolic names “Sodom” and “Egypt,” where indeed their Lord was crucified. **9**

Those from every people, tribe, tongue, and nation will gaze on their corpses for three and a half days, and they will not allow their corpses to be buried. **10** The inhabitants of the earth will gloat over them and be glad and exchange gifts because these two prophets tormented the inhabitants of the earth. **11** But after the three and a half days, a breath of life from God entered them. When they stood on their feet, great fear fell on those who saw them.

**12** Then they heard a loud voice from heaven say to them, “Come up here.” So they went up to heaven in a cloud as their enemies looked on.

**13** At that moment there was a great earthquake, and a tenth of the city fell in ruins. Seven thousand people

were killed during the earthquake; the rest were terrified and gave glory to the God of heaven.

**14** The second woe has passed, but the third is coming soon.

### The Seventh Trumpet.

**15** Then the seventh angel blew his trumpet. There were loud voices in heaven, saying, “The kingdom of the world now belongs to our Lord and to his Anointed, and he will reign forever and ever.” **16** The twenty-four elders who sat on their thrones before God prostrated themselves and worshiped God **17** and said:

“We give thanks to you, Lord God almighty,

who are and who were.

For you have assumed your great power

and have established your reign.

**18** The nations raged,

but your wrath has come,

and the time for the dead to be judged,

and to recompense your servants, the prophets,

and the holy ones and those who fear your name,

the small and the great alike,

and to destroy those who destroy the earth.”

**19** Then God’s temple in heaven was opened, and the ark of his covenant could be seen in the temple. There were flashes of lightning, rumblings, and peals of thunder, an earthquake, and a violent hailstorm.

## CHAPTER 12

### The Woman and the Dragon.

**1**

A great sign appeared in the sky, a woman

clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet, and on her head a crown of twelve stars.

**2** She was with child and wailed aloud in pain as she labored to give birth.

**3** Then another sign appeared in the sky; it was a huge red dragon,

with seven heads and ten horns, and on its heads were seven diadems.

**4** Its tail swept away a third of the stars in the sky and hurled them down to the earth. Then the dragon stood before the woman about to give birth, to devour her child when she gave birth.

**5** She gave birth to a son, a male child, destined to rule all the nations with an iron rod.

Her child was caught up to God and his throne.

**6** The woman herself fled into the desert where she had a place prepared by God, that there she might be taken care of for twelve hundred and sixty days.

**7**

Then war broke out in heaven; Michael

and his angels battled against the dragon. The dragon and its angels fought back, **8** but they did not prevail and there was no longer any place for them in heaven. **9** The huge dragon, the ancient serpent,

who is called the Devil and Satan, who deceived the whole world, was thrown down to earth, and its angels were thrown down with it.

**10** Then I heard a loud voice in heaven say:

“Now have salvation and power come,

and the kingdom of our God

and the authority of his Anointed.

For the accuser

of our brothers is cast out,

who accuses them before our God day and night.

**11** They conquered him by the blood of the Lamb

and by the word of their testimony;

love for life did not deter them from death.

**12** Therefore, rejoice, you heavens,

and you who dwell in them.

But woe to you, earth and sea,

for the Devil has come down to you in great fury,

for he knows he has but a short time.”

**13** When the dragon saw that it had been thrown down to the earth, it pursued the woman who had given birth to the male child.

**14** But the woman was given the two wings of the great eagle,

so that she could fly to her place in the desert, where, far from the serpent, she was taken care of for a year, two years, and a half-year.

**15** The serpent,

however, spewed a torrent of water out of his mouth after the woman to sweep her away with the current. **16** But the earth helped the woman and opened its mouth and swallowed the flood that the dragon spewed out of its mouth. **17** Then the dragon became angry with the woman and went off to wage war against the rest of her offspring, those who keep God’s commandments and bear witness to Jesus.

**18** It took its position

on the sand of the sea.

## CHAPTER 13

### The First Beast.

**1** Then I saw a beast come out of the sea with ten horns and seven heads; on its horns were ten diadems, and on its heads blasphemous name[s].

**2** The beast I saw was like a leopard, but it had feet like a bear’s, and its mouth was like the mouth of a lion.

To it the dragon gave its own power and throne, along with great authority. **3** I saw that one of its heads seemed to have been mortally wounded, but this mortal wound was healed.

Fascinated, the whole world followed after the beast. **4** They worshiped the dragon because it gave its authority to the beast; they also worshiped the beast

and said, “Who can compare with the beast or who can fight against it?”

**5**

The beast was given a mouth uttering proud boasts and blasphemies,

and it was given authority to act for forty-two months.

**6** It opened its mouth to utter blasphemies against God, blaspheming his name and his dwelling and those who dwell in heaven. **7** It was also allowed to wage war against the holy ones and conquer them, and it was granted authority over every tribe, people, tongue, and nation.

**8** All the inhabitants of the earth will worship it, all whose names were not written from the foundation of the world in the book of life, which belongs to the Lamb who was slain.

**9** Whoever has ears ought to hear these words.

**10** Anyone destined for captivity goes into captivity.

Anyone destined to be slain by the sword shall be slain by the sword.

Such is the faithful endurance of the holy ones.

### The Second Beast.

**11** Then I saw another beast come up out of the earth; it had two horns like a lamb’s but spoke like a dragon. **12** It wielded all the authority of the first beast in its sight and made the earth and its inhabitants worship the first beast, whose mortal wound had been healed. **13** It performed great signs, even making fire come down from heaven to earth in the sight of everyone.

**14** It deceived the inhabitants of the earth with the signs it was allowed to perform in the sight of the first beast, telling them to make an image for the beast who had been wounded by the sword and revived. **15** It was then permitted to breathe life into the beast’s image, so that the beast’s image could speak and [could] have anyone who did not worship it put to death.

**16** It forced all the people, small and great, rich and poor, free and slave, to be given a stamped image on their right hands or their foreheads,

**17** so that no one could buy or sell except one who had the stamped image of the beast’s name or the number that stood for its name.

**18**

Wisdom is needed here; one who understands can calculate the number of the beast, for it is a number that stands for a person. His number is six hundred and sixty-six.

## CHAPTER 14

### The Lamb’s Companions.

**1** Then I looked and there was the Lamb standing on Mount Zion,

and with him a hundred and forty-four thousand who had his name and his Father’s name written on their foreheads.

**2** I heard a sound from heaven like the sound of rushing water or a loud peal of thunder. The sound I heard was like that of harpists playing their harps. **3** They were singing [what seemed to be] a new hymn before the throne, before the four living creatures and the elders. No one could learn this hymn except the hundred and forty-four thousand who had been ransomed from the earth.

**4** These are they who were not defiled with women; they are virgins

and these are the ones who follow the Lamb wherever he goes. They have been ransomed as the firstfruits of the human race for God and the Lamb.

**5** On their lips no deceit

has been found; they are unblemished.

### The Three Angels.

**6** Then I saw another angel flying high overhead, with everlasting good news

to announce to those who dwell on earth, to every nation, tribe, tongue, and people. **7** He said in a loud voice, “Fear God and give him glory, for his time has come to sit in judgment. Worship him who made heaven and earth and sea and springs of water.”

**8** A second angel followed, saying:

“Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great,

that made all the nations drink

the wine of her licentious passion.”

**9** A third angel followed them and said in a loud voice, “Anyone who worships the beast or its image, or accepts its mark on forehead or hand, **10** will also drink the wine of God’s fury,

poured full strength into the cup of his wrath, and will be tormented in burning sulfur before the holy angels and before the Lamb. **11** The smoke of the fire that torments them will rise forever and ever, and there will be no relief day or night for those who worship the beast or its image or accept the mark of its name.”

**12** Here is what sustains the holy ones who keep God’s commandments

and their faith in Jesus.

**13**

I heard a voice from heaven say, “Write this: Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord from now on.” “Yes,” said the Spirit, “let them find rest from their labors, for their works accompany them.”

### The Harvest of the Earth.

**14** Then I looked and there was a white cloud, and sitting on the cloud one who looked like a son of man, with a gold crown on his head and a sharp sickle in his hand.

**15** Another angel came out of the temple, crying out in a loud voice to the one sitting on the cloud, “Use your sickle and reap the harvest, for the time to reap has come, because the earth’s harvest is fully ripe.”

**16** So the one who was sitting on the cloud swung his sickle over the earth, and the earth was harvested.

**17** Then another angel came out of the temple in heaven who also had a sharp sickle. **18** Then another angel [came] from the altar,

[who] was in charge of the fire, and cried out in a loud voice to the one who had the sharp sickle, “Use your sharp sickle and cut the clusters from the earth’s vines, for its grapes are ripe.” **19** So the angel swung his sickle over the earth and cut the earth’s vintage. He threw it into the great wine press of God’s fury.

**20** The wine press was trodden outside the city and blood poured out of the wine press to the height of a horse’s bridle for two hundred miles.

## CHAPTER 15

### The Seven Last Plagues.

**1**

Then I saw in heaven another sign,

great and awe-inspiring: seven angels with the seven last plagues, for through them God’s fury is accomplished.

**2** Then I saw something like a sea of glass mingled with fire.

On the sea of glass were standing those who had won the victory over the beast and its image and the number that signified its name. They were holding God’s harps,

**3** and they sang the song of Moses,

the servant of God, and the song of the Lamb:

“Great and wonderful are your works,

Lord God almighty.

Just and true are your ways,

O king of the nations.

**4** Who will not fear you, **LORD**,

or glorify your name?

For you alone are holy.

All the nations will come

and worship before you,

for your righteous acts have been revealed.”

**5**

After this I had another vision. The temple that is the heavenly tent of testimony

opened, **6** and the seven angels with the seven plagues came out of the temple. They were dressed in clean white linen, with a gold sash around their chests.

**7** One of the four living creatures gave the seven angels seven gold bowls filled with the fury of God, who lives forever and ever. **8** Then the temple became so filled with the smoke from God’s glory and might that no one could enter it until the seven plagues of the seven angels had been accomplished.

## CHAPTER 16

### The Seven Bowls.

**1** I heard a loud voice speaking from the temple to the seven angels, “Go and pour out the seven bowls of God’s fury upon the earth.”

**2** The first angel went and poured out his bowl on the earth. Festering and ugly sores broke out on those who had the mark of the beast or worshiped its image.

**3**

The second angel poured out his bowl on the sea. The sea turned to blood like that from a corpse; every creature living in the sea died.

**4** The third angel poured out his bowl on the rivers and springs of water. These also turned to blood.

**5** Then I heard the angel in charge of the waters say:

“You are just, O Holy One,

who are and who were,

in passing this sentence.

**6** For they have shed the blood of the holy ones and the prophets,

and you [have] given them blood to drink;

it is what they deserve.”

**7** Then I heard the altar cry out,

“Yes, Lord God almighty,

your judgments are true and just.”

**8** The fourth angel poured out his bowl on the sun. It was given the power to burn people with fire. **9** People were burned by the scorching heat and blasphemed the name of God who had power over these plagues, but they did not repent or give him glory.

**10**

The fifth angel poured out his bowl on the throne of the beast.

Its kingdom was plunged into darkness, and people bit their tongues in pain **11** and blasphemed the God of heaven because of their pains and sores. But they did not repent of their works.

**12** The sixth angel emptied his bowl on the great river Euphrates. Its water was dried up to prepare the way for the kings of the East.

**13** I saw three unclean spirits like frogs

come from the mouth of the dragon, from the mouth of the beast, and from the mouth of the false prophet.

**14** These were demonic spirits who performed signs. They went out to the kings of the whole world to assemble them for the battle on the great day of God the almighty.

**15** (“Behold, I am coming like a thief.”

Blessed is the one who watches and keeps his clothes ready, so that he may not go naked and people see him exposed.)

**16** They then assembled the kings in the place that is named Armageddon

in Hebrew.

**17** The seventh angel poured out his bowl into the air. A loud voice came out of the temple from the throne, saying, “It is done.”

**18** Then there were lightning flashes, rumblings, and peals of thunder, and a great earthquake. It was such a violent earthquake that there has never been one like it since the human race began on earth.

**19** The great city

was split into three parts, and the gentile cities fell. But God remembered great Babylon, giving it the cup filled with the wine of his fury and wrath. **20**

Every island fled, and mountains disappeared. **21** Large hailstones like huge weights came down from the sky on people, and they blasphemed God for the plague of hail because this plague was so severe.

## CHAPTER 17

### Babylon the Great.

**1**

Then one of the seven angels who were holding the seven bowls came and said to me, “Come here. I will show you the judgment on the great harlot

who lives near the many waters.

**2**

The kings of the earth have had intercourse with her,

and the inhabitants of the earth became drunk on the wine of her harlotry.” **3** Then he carried me away in spirit to a deserted place where I saw a woman seated on a scarlet beast

that was covered with blasphemous names, with seven heads and ten horns.

**4** The woman was wearing purple and scarlet and adorned with gold, precious stones, and pearls.

She held in her hand a gold cup that was filled with the abominable and sordid deeds of her harlotry. **5** On her forehead was written a name, which is a mystery, “Babylon the great, the mother of harlots and of the abominations of the earth.” **6**

I saw that the woman was drunk on the blood of the holy ones and on the blood of the witnesses to Jesus.

### Meaning of the Beast and Harlot.

When I saw her I was greatly amazed. **7** The angel said to me, “Why are you amazed? I will explain to you the mystery of the woman and of the beast that carries her, the beast with the seven heads and the ten horns. **8**

The beast that you saw existed once but now exists no longer. It will come up from the abyss and is headed for destruction. The inhabitants of the earth whose names have not been written in the book of life from the foundation of the world shall be amazed when they see the beast, because it existed once but exists no longer, and yet it will come again. **9** Here is a clue

for one who has wisdom. The seven heads represent seven hills upon which the woman sits. They also represent seven kings:

**10** five have already fallen, one still lives, and the last has not yet come,

and when he comes he must remain only a short while. **11** The beast

that existed once but exists no longer is an eighth king, but really belongs to the seven and is headed for destruction. **12** The ten horns that you saw represent ten kings who have not yet been crowned;

they will receive royal authority along with the beast for one hour.

**13** They are of one mind and will give their power and authority to the beast. **14** They will fight with the Lamb, but the Lamb will conquer them, for he is Lord of lords and king of kings, and those with him are called, chosen, and faithful.”

**15** Then he said to me, “The waters that you saw where the harlot lives represent large numbers of peoples, nations, and tongues. **16** The ten horns

that you saw and the beast will hate the harlot; they will leave her desolate and naked; they will eat her flesh and consume her with fire.

**17** For God has put it into their minds to carry out his purpose and to make them come to an agreement to give their kingdom to the beast until the words of God are accomplished. **18** The woman whom you saw represents the great city that has sovereignty over the kings of the earth.”

## CHAPTER 18

### The Fall of Babylon.

**1** After this I saw another angel coming down from heaven, having great authority, and the earth became illumined by his splendor.

**2**

He cried out in a mighty voice:

“Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great.

She has become a haunt for demons.

She is a cage for every unclean spirit,

a cage for every unclean bird,

[a cage for every unclean] and disgusting [beast].

**3** For all the nations have drunk

the wine of her licentious passion.

The kings of the earth had intercourse with her,

and the merchants of the earth grew rich from her drive for luxury.”

**4** Then I heard another voice from heaven say:

“Depart from her,

my people,

so as not to take part in her sins

and receive a share in her plagues,

**5** for her sins are piled up to the sky,

and God remembers her crimes.

**6** Pay her back as she has paid others.

Pay her back double for her deeds.

Into her cup pour double what she poured.

**7** To the measure of her boasting and wantonness

repay her in torment and grief;

for she said to herself,

‘I sit enthroned as queen;

I am no widow,

and I will never know grief.’

**8** Therefore, her plagues will come in one day,

pestilence, grief, and famine;

she will be consumed by fire.

For mighty is the Lord God who judges her.”

**9** The kings of the earth who had intercourse with her in their wantonness will weep and mourn over her when they see the smoke of her pyre. **10** They will keep their distance for fear of the torment inflicted on her, and they will say:

“Alas, alas, great city,

Babylon, mighty city.

In one hour your judgment has come.”

**11** The merchants of the earth will weep and mourn for her, because there will be no more markets

for their cargo: **12** their cargo of gold, silver, precious stones, and pearls; fine linen, purple silk, and scarlet cloth; fragrant wood of every kind, all articles of ivory and all articles of the most expensive wood, bronze, iron, and marble; **13** cinnamon, spice,

incense, myrrh, and frankincense; wine, olive oil, fine flour, and wheat; cattle and sheep, horses and chariots, and slaves, that is, human beings.

**14** “The fruit you craved

has left you.

All your luxury and splendor are gone,

never again will one find them.”

**15** The merchants who deal in these goods, who grew rich from her, will keep their distance for fear of the torment inflicted on her. Weeping and mourning, **16** they cry out:

“Alas, alas, great city,

wearing fine linen, purple and scarlet,

adorned [in] gold, precious stones, and pearls.

**17** In one hour this great wealth has been ruined.”

Every captain of a ship, every traveler at sea, sailors, and seafaring merchants stood at a distance **18** and cried out when they saw the smoke of her pyre, “What city could compare with the great city?” **19**

They threw dust on their heads and cried out, weeping and mourning:

“Alas, alas, great city,

in which all who had ships at sea

grew rich from her wealth.

In one hour she has been ruined.

**20** Rejoice over her, heaven,

you holy ones, apostles, and prophets.

For God has judged your case against her.”

**21** A mighty angel picked up a stone like a huge millstone and threw it into the sea and said:

“With such force will Babylon the great city be thrown down,

and will never be found again.

**22** No melodies of harpists and musicians,

flutists and trumpeters,

will ever be heard in you again.

No craftsmen in any trade

will ever be found in you again.

No sound of the millstone

will ever be heard in you again.

**23** No light from a lamp

will ever be seen in you again.

No voices of bride and groom

will ever be heard in you again.

Because your merchants were the great ones of the world,

all nations were led astray by your magic potion.

**24** In her was found the blood of prophets and holy ones

and all who have been slain on the earth.”

## CHAPTER 19

**1** After this I heard what sounded like the loud voice of a great multitude in heaven, saying:

“Alleluia!

Salvation, glory, and might belong to our God,

**2** for true and just are his judgments.

He has condemned the great harlot

who corrupted the earth with her harlotry.

He has avenged on her the blood of his servants.”

**3** They said a second time:

“Alleluia! Smoke will rise from her forever and ever.”

**4** The twenty-four elders and the four living creatures fell down and worshiped God who sat on the throne, saying, “Amen. Alleluia.”

### The Victory Song.

**5** A voice coming from the throne said:

“Praise our God, all you his servants,

[and] you who revere him, small and great.”

**6** Then I heard something like the sound of a great multitude or the sound of rushing water or mighty peals of thunder, as they said:

“Alleluia!

The Lord has established his reign,

[our] God, the almighty.

**7** Let us rejoice and be glad

and give him glory.

For the wedding day of the Lamb

has come,

his bride has made herself ready.

**8** She was allowed to wear

a bright, clean linen garment.”

(The linen represents the righteous deeds of the holy ones.)

**9** Then the angel said to me, “Write this: Blessed

are those who have been called to the wedding feast of the Lamb.” And he said to me, “These words are true; they come from God.”

**10** I fell at his feet to worship him. But he said to me, “Don’t! I am a fellow servant of yours and of your brothers who bear witness to Jesus. Worship God.

Witness to Jesus is the spirit of prophecy.”

### The King of Kings.

**11**

Then I saw the heavens opened, and there was a white horse; its rider was [called] “Faithful and True.” He judges and wages war in righteousness.

**12** His eyes were [like] a fiery flame, and on his head were many diadems. He had a name

inscribed that no one knows except himself.

**13** He wore a cloak that had been dipped in

blood, and his name was called the Word of God.

**14** The armies of heaven followed him, mounted on white horses and wearing clean white linen. **15** Out of his mouth came a sharp sword to strike the nations. He will rule them with an iron rod, and he himself will tread out in the wine press

the wine of the fury and wrath of God the almighty.

**16** He has a name written on his cloak and on his thigh, “King of kings and Lord of lords.”

**17**

Then I saw an angel standing on the sun. He cried out [in] a loud voice to all the birds flying high overhead, “Come here. Gather for God’s great feast, **18** to eat the flesh of kings, the flesh of military officers, and the flesh of warriors, the flesh of horses and of their riders, and the flesh of all, free and slave, small and great.”

**19** Then I saw the beast and the kings of the earth and their armies gathered to fight against the one riding the horse and against his army. **20** The beast was caught and with it the false prophet

who had performed in its sight the signs by which he led astray those who had accepted the mark of the beast and those who had worshiped its image. The two were thrown alive into the fiery pool burning with sulfur.

**21** The rest were killed by the sword that came out of the mouth of the one riding the horse, and all the birds gorged themselves on their flesh.

## CHAPTER 20

### The Thousand-year Reign.

**1**

Then I saw an angel come down from heaven, holding in his hand the key to the abyss

and a heavy chain.

**2** He seized the dragon, the ancient serpent, which is the Devil or Satan,

and tied it up for a thousand years

**3** and threw it into the abyss, which he locked over it and sealed, so that it could no longer lead the nations astray until the thousand years are completed. After this, it is to be released for a short time.

**4** Then I saw thrones; those who sat on them were entrusted with judgment. I also saw the souls of those who had been beheaded for their witness to Jesus and for the word of God, and who had not worshiped the beast or its image nor had accepted its mark

on their foreheads or hands. They came to life and they reigned with Christ for a thousand years.

**5** The rest of the dead did not come to life until the thousand years were over. This is the first resurrection. **6** Blessed

and holy is the one who shares in the first resurrection. The second death has no power over these; they will be priests of God and of Christ, and they will reign with him for [the] thousand years.

**7**

When the thousand years are completed, Satan will be released from his prison. **8** He will go out to deceive the nations at the four corners of the earth, Gog and Magog,

to gather them for battle; their number is like the sand of the sea.

**9** They invaded the breadth of the earth

and surrounded the camp of the holy ones and the beloved city. But fire came down from heaven and consumed them.

**10** The Devil who had led them astray was thrown into the pool of fire and sulfur, where the beast and the false prophet were. There they will be tormented day and night forever and ever.

### The Large White Throne.

**11** Next I saw a large white throne and the one who was sitting on it. The earth and the sky fled from his presence and there was no place for them.

**12** I saw the dead, the great and the lowly, standing before the throne, and scrolls were opened. Then another scroll was opened, the book of life.

The dead were judged according to their deeds, by what was written in the scrolls.

**13** The sea gave up its dead; then Death and Hades

gave up their dead. All the dead were judged according to their deeds. **14**

Then Death and Hades were thrown into the pool of fire. (This pool of fire is the second death.

) **15** Anyone whose name was not found written in the book of life was thrown into the pool of fire.

## CHAPTER 21

### The New Heaven and the New Earth.

**1**

Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth. The former heaven and the former earth had passed away, and the sea was no more.

**2** I also saw the holy city, a new Jerusalem,

coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband.

**3** I heard a loud voice from the throne saying, “Behold, God’s dwelling is with the human race.

He will dwell with them and they will be his people

and God himself will always be with them [as their God].

**4** He will wipe every tear from their eyes, and there shall be no more death or mourning, wailing or pain, [for] the old order has passed away.”

**5** The one who sat on the throne

said, “Behold, I make all things new.” Then he said, “Write these words down, for they are trustworthy and true.”

**6** He said to me, “They are accomplished.

I [am] the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end. To the thirsty I will give a gift from the spring of life-giving water.

**7** The victor

will inherit these gifts, and I shall be his God, and he will be my son.

**8** But as for cowards,

the unfaithful, the depraved, murderers, the unchaste, sorcerers, idol-worshipers, and deceivers of every sort, their lot is in the burning pool of fire and sulfur, which is the second death.”

### The New Jerusalem.

**9** One of the seven angels who held the seven bowls filled with the seven last plagues came and said to me, “Come here. I will show you the bride, the wife of the Lamb.”

**10** He took me in spirit to a great, high mountain and showed me the holy city Jerusalem coming down out of heaven from God.

**11** It gleamed with the splendor of God. Its radiance was like that of a precious stone, like jasper, clear as crystal.

**12** It had a massive, high wall, with twelve gates where twelve angels were stationed and on which names were inscribed, [the names] of the twelve tribes of the Israelites. **13** There were three gates facing east, three north, three south, and three west.

**14** The wall of the city had twelve courses of stones as its foundation, on which were inscribed the twelve names of the twelve apostles

of the Lamb.

**15**

The one who spoke to me held a gold measuring rod to measure the city, its gates, and its wall. **16** The city was square, its length the same as [also] its width. He measured the city with the rod and found it fifteen hundred miles

in length and width and height. **17** He also measured its wall: one hundred and forty-four cubits

according to the standard unit of measurement the angel used. **18**

The wall was constructed of jasper, while the city was pure gold, clear as glass. **19** The foundations of the city wall were decorated with every precious stone; the first course of stones was jasper, the second sapphire, the third chalcedony, the fourth emerald,

**20** the fifth sardonyx, the sixth carnelian, the seventh chrysolite, the eighth beryl, the ninth topaz, the tenth chrysoprase, the eleventh hyacinth, and the twelfth amethyst. **21** The twelve gates were twelve pearls, each of the gates made from a single pearl; and the street of the city was of pure gold, transparent as glass.

**22**

I saw no temple in the city, for its temple is the Lord God almighty and the Lamb. **23**

The city had no need of sun or moon to shine on it,

for the glory of God gave it light, and its lamp was the Lamb. **24** The nations will walk by its light,

and to it the kings of the earth will bring their treasure.

**25** During the day its gates will never be shut, and there will be no night there. **26** The treasure and wealth of the nations will be brought there, **27** but nothing unclean will enter it, nor any[one] who does abominable things or tells lies. Only those will enter whose names are written in the Lamb’s book of life.

## CHAPTER 22

**1** Then the angel showed me the river of life-giving water,

sparkling like crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb

**2** down the middle of its street. On either side of the river grew the tree of life

that produces fruit twelve times a year, once each month; the leaves of the trees serve as medicine for the nations. **3** Nothing accursed will be found there anymore. The throne of God and of the Lamb will be in it, and his servants will worship him. **4** They will look upon his face,

and his name will be on their foreheads. **5** Night will be no more, nor will they need light from lamp or sun, for the Lord God shall give them light, and they shall reign forever and ever.

###  **VII. EPILOGUE**

**6** And he said to me, “These words are trustworthy and true, and the Lord, the God of prophetic spirits, sent his angel to show his servants what must happen soon.”

**7**

“Behold, I am coming soon.”

Blessed is the one who keeps the prophetic message of this book.

**8** It is I, John, who heard and saw these things, and when I heard and saw them I fell down to worship at the feet of the angel who showed them to me. **9** But he said to me, “Don’t! I am a fellow servant of yours and of your brothers the prophets and of those who keep the message of this book. Worship God.”

**10** Then he said to me, “Do not seal up the prophetic words of this book, for the appointed time

is near. **11** Let the wicked still act wickedly, and the filthy still be filthy. The righteous must still do right, and the holy still be holy.”

**12** “Behold, I am coming soon. I bring with me the recompense I will give to each according to his deeds.

**13** I am the Alpha and the Omega,

the first and the last, the beginning and the end.”

**14** Blessed are they who wash their robes so as to have the right to the tree of life and enter the city

through its gates.

**15** Outside are the dogs, the sorcerers, the unchaste, the murderers, the idol-worshipers, and all who love and practice deceit.

**16** “I, Jesus, sent my angel to give you this testimony for the churches. I am the root and offspring of David,

the bright morning star.”

**17** The Spirit and the bride

say, “Come.” Let the hearer say, “Come.” Let the one who thirsts come forward, and the one who wants it receive the gift of life-giving water.

**18** I warn everyone who hears the prophetic words in this book: if anyone adds to them, God will add to him the plagues described in this book, **19** and if anyone takes away from the words in this prophetic book, God will take away his share in the tree of life and in the holy city described in this book.

**20**

The one who gives this testimony says, “Yes, I am coming soon.” Amen! Come, Lord Jesus!

**21** The grace of the Lord Jesus be with all.

## FOOTNOTES

**Revelation 1:1–Revelation 1:3** **:**

This prologue describes

the source,

contents,

and audience

of the book

and forms an inclusion

with the epilogue

**(Revelation 22:6–21),**

with its similar

themes and expressions.
**Revelation 1:3:**
**Blessed is the one:**

this is the first

of seven beatitudes

in this book;

the others are in:

**Revelation 14:13;** **Revelation 16:15;** **Revelation 19:9;** **Revelation 20:6;** **Revelation 22:7,** **And** **Revelation 22:14.**
**This prophetic message:**

literally,

“the words of the prophecy”;

**so:** **Revelation 22:7,** **Revelation 22:10,** **Revelation 22:18,** **And** **Revelation 22:19** **by** **inclusion.**
**The appointed time:**

when Jesus will return in glory;

**cf.** **Revelation 1:7;** **Revelation 3:11;** **Revelation 22:7,** **Revelation 22:10,** **Revelation 22:12,** **And** **Revelation 22:20.**
**Revelation 1:4–Revelation 1:8:**

Although Revelation

begins and ends

**(Revelation 22:21)**

with Christian

epistolary formulae,

there is

nothing between

**Revelation 4;**
**And**
**Revelation 22**

resembling a letter.

The author here employs

the standard word order

for greetings

in Greek

letter writing:

“N. to N.,

greetings…”;

**see** **note** **on** **Romans 1:1.**
**Revelation 1:4:**
**Seven churches in Asia:**

Asia refers to the

Roman province of that name

in western Asia Minor

(modern Turkey);

these representative churches

are mentioned by name in

**Revelation 1:11,**

and each is the recipient

of a message

**(Revelation 2:1–Revelation 3:22).**
**Seven**

is the biblical number

suggesting fullness and completeness;

thus the seer is writing

for the whole church.
**Revelation 1:5:**
**Freed us:**

the majority of Greek manuscripts

and several early versions

read

“washed us”;

but

“freed us”

is supported by the best manuscripts

and fits well with

Old Testament imagery,

**e.g.,** **Isaiah 40:2.**
**Revelation 1:8:**
**The Alpha and the Omega:**

the first and last letters

of the Greek alphabet.

In

**Revelation 22:13**

the same words occur together

with the expressions

“the First and the Last,

the Beginning and the End”;

**cf.** **Revelation 1:17;** **Revelation 2:8;** **Revelation 21:6;** **Isaiah 41:4;** **And** **Isaiah 44:6.**
**Revelation 1:9–Revelation 1:20:**

In this first vision,

the seer is commanded

to write what he sees

to the seven churches

**(Revelation 1:9–11).**

He sees Christ in glory,

whom he depicts

in stock apocalyptic imagery

**(Revelation 1:12–16),**

and hears him describe himself in terms

meant to encourage Christians

by emphasizing his victory over death

**(Revelation 1:17–20).**
**Revelation 1:9:**
**Island called Patmos:**

one of the Sporades islands

in the Aegean Sea,

some fifty miles south of Ephesus,

used by the Romans

as a penal colony.

**Because I proclaimed God’s word:**

literally,

“on account of God’s word.”
**Revelation 1:10:**
**The Lord’s day:**

Sunday.

**As loud as a trumpet:**

the imagery is derived from

the theophany at Sinai

**(Exodus 19:16,** **And** **Exodus 19:19;**
**cf.** **Hebrews 12:19**

and the trumpet

in other eschatological settings

**in** **Isaiah 27:13;** **Joel 2:1;** **Matthew 24:31;** **1 Corinthians 15:52;** **And** **1 Thessalonians 4:16).**
**Revelation 1:11:**
**Scroll:**

a papyrus roll.
**Revelation 1:12–Revelation 1:16:**

A symbolic description

of Christ in glory.

The metaphorical language

is not to be understood literally;

**cf.** **The Book Of Revelation: Introduction.**
**Revelation 1:13:**
**Son of man:**
**see** **note** **on** **Mark 8:31.**
**Ankle-length robe:**

Christ is priest;

**cf.** **Exodus 28:4;** **Exodus 29:5;** **Wisdom 18:24;** **And** **Zechariah 3:4.**
**Gold sash:**

Christ is king;

**cf.** **Exodus 28:4;** **1 Maccabees 10:89;** **1 Maccabees 11:58;** **And** **Daniel 10:5.**
**Revelation 1:14:**
**Hair…as white as white wool or as snow:**

Christ is eternal,

clothed with the dignity

that belonged to the

“Ancient of Days”;

**cf.** **Revelation 1:18;** **And** **Daniel 7:9.**
**His eyes were like a fiery flame:**

Christ is portrayed as all-knowing;

**cf.** **Revelation 2:23;** **Psalms 7:10;** **And** **Jeremiah 17:10;**

and similar expressions in

**Revelation 2:18;** **And** **Revelation 19:12;** **cf.** **Daniel 10:6.**
**Revelation 1:15:**
**His feet…furnace:**

Christ is depicted

as unchangeable;

**cf.** **Ezekiel 1:27;** **And** **Daniel 10:6.**

The Greek word translated

“refined”

is unconnected grammatically

with any other word

in the sentence.

**His voice…water:**

Christ speaks

with divine authority;

**cf.** **Ezekiel 1:24.**
**Revelation 1:16:**
**Seven stars:**

in the pagan world,

Mithras and the Caesars

were represented with seven stars

in their right hand,

symbolizing their universal dominion.

**A sharp two-edged sword:**

this refers to the

word of God

**(cf.** **Ephesians 6:17;** **And** **Hebrews 4:12)**

that will destroy

unrepentant sinners;

**cf.** **Revelation 2:16;** **Revelation 19:15;** **Wisdom 18:15;** **Isaiah 11:4;** **And** **Isaiah 49:2.**
**His face…brightest:**

this symbolizes the

divine majesty of Christ;

**cf.** **Revelation 10:1;** **Revelation 21:23;** **Judges 5:31;** **Isaiah 60:19;** **And** **Matthew 17:2.**
**Revelation 1:17:**

It was an Old Testament belief

that for sinful human beings

to see God

was to die;

**cf.** **Exodus 19:21;** **Exodus 33:20;** **Judges 6:22–Judges 6:23;** **And** **Isaiah 6:5.**
**Revelation 1:18:**
**Netherworld:**

Greek Hades,

Hebrew Sheol,

the abode of the dead;

**cf.** **Revelation 20:13–Revelation 20:14;** **And** **Numbers 16:33.**
**Revelation 1:19:**
**What you have seen, and what is happening, and what will happen afterwards:**

the three parts of the

Book of Revelation,

the vision

**(Revelation 1:10–Revelation 1:20),**

the situation in the seven churches

**(Revelation 2–Revelation 3),**

and the events of

**Revelation 6–22.**
**Revelation 1:20:**
**Secret meaning:**

literally,

“mystery.”

**Angels:**

these are the presiding spirits

of the seven churches.

Angels were thought to be in charge

of the physical world

**(cf.** **Revelation 7:1;** **Revelation 14:18;** **And** **Revelation 16:5)**

and of nations

**(Daniel 10:13;** **And** **Daniel 12:1),**

communities (the seven churches),

and individuals

**(Matthew 18:10;** **And** **Acts 12:15).**

Some have seen in the

“angel”

of each of the seven churches

its pastor

or

a personification of the spirit

of the congregation.
**Revelation 2:1–Revelation 3:22:**

Each of the seven letters

follows the same pattern:

address;

description of the exalted Christ;

blame and/or praise for the church addressed;

threat and/or admonition;

final exhortation

and

promise to all Christians.
**Revelation 2:1–Revelation 2:7:**

The letter to Ephesus

praises

the members of the church there

for their works and virtues,

including discerning false teachers

**(Revelation 2:2–3),**

but admonishes them to repent

and return to their former devotion

**(Revelation 2:4–5).**

It concludes with

a reference to the Nicolaitans

**(see** **note** **on** **Revelation 2:6)**

and a promise

that the victor

will have access

to eternal life

**(Revelation 2:7).**
**Revelation 2:1:**
**Ephesus:**

this great ancient city

had a population of

ca. 250,000;

it was the capital of

the Roman province of Asia

and the

commercial,

cultural,

and

religious

center of Asia.

The other six churches were located

in the same province,

situated roughly in a circle;

they were selected for geographical reasons

rather than for

the size of their Christian communities.

**Walks in the midst of the seven gold lampstands:**

this signifies that Christ

is always present

in the church;

**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 1:4.**
**Revelation 2:2:**
**Who call themselves…impostors:**

this refers to

unauthorized and perverse

missionaries;

**cf.** **Acts 20:29–Acts 20:30.**
**Revelation 2:6:**
**Nicolaitans:**

these are perhaps the impostors of

**Revelation 2:2;**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 2:14–15.**

There is little evidence

for connecting this group

with Nicolaus,

the proselyte from Antioch,

mentioned in

**Acts 6:5.**
**Revelation 2:7:**
**Victor:**

referring to any Christian individual

who holds fast to the faith

and does God’s will

in the face of persecution.

**The tree of life that is in the garden of God:**

this is a reference

to the tree

in the primeval paradise

**(Genesis 2:9);**
**cf.** **Revelation 22:2,** **Revelation 22:14,** **And** **Revelation 22:19.**

The decree excluding humanity

from the tree of life

has been revoked by Christ.
**Revelation 2:8–Revelation 2:11:**

The letter to Smyrna

encourages the Christians

in

this important commercial center

by telling them

that although they are impoverished,

they are nevertheless rich,

and calls those Jews who are slandering them

members of the assembly of Satan

**(Revelation 2:9).**

There is no admonition;

rather,

the Christians are told

that they will suffer much,

even death,

but the time of tribulation will be short

compared to their eternal reward

**(Revelation 2:10),**

and they will thus

escape final damnation

**(Revelation 2:11).**
**Revelation 2:8:**
**Smyrna:**

modern Izmir,

ca. thirty miles

north of Ephesus,

and the chief city of Lydia,

with a temple to the goddess Roma.

It was renowned for its loyalty to Rome,

and it also had a large Jewish community

very hostile toward Christians.
**Revelation 2:9–Revelation 2:10:**

The church in Smyrna

was materially poor

but spiritually rich.

Accusations made by Jewish brethren there

occasioned the persecution of Christians;

**cf.** **Acts 14:2,** **Acts 14:19;** **Acts 17:5,** **And** **Acts 17:13.**
**Revelation 2:11:**
**The second death:**

this refers to the eternal death,

when sinners will receive their final punishment;

**cf.** **Revelation 20:6,** **Revelation 20:14–Revelation 20:15;** **And** **Revelation 21:8.**
**Revelation 2:12–Revelation 2:17:**

The letter to Pergamum

praises the members of the church

for persevering in their faith in Christ

even in the midst of a pagan setting

and in face of persecution and martyrdom

**(Revelation 2:13).**

But it admonishes them about members

who advocate an unprincipled morality

**(Revelation 2:14;** **cf.** **2 Peter 2:15;** **And** **Jude 1:11)**

and others

who follow

the teaching of the Nicolaitans

**(Revelation 2:15;** **see** **note** **there).**

It urges them to repent

**(Revelation 2:16)**

and promises them

the hidden manna

and Christ’s amulet

**(Revelation 2:17).**
**Revelation 2:12:**
**Pergamum:**

modern Bergama,

ca. forty-five miles

northeast of Smyrna,

a center for various kinds

of pagan worship.

It also had an outstanding library

(the word parchment is derived from its name).
**Revelation 2:13:**
**Satan’s throne:**

the reference is to

emperor worship

and other pagan practices

that flourished in Pergamum,

perhaps specifically to the white marble altar

erected and dedicated to Zeus

by Eumenes II

(197–160 B.C.).
**Revelation 2:14–Revelation 2:15:**

Like Balaam,

the biblical prototype of

the religious compromiser

**(cf.** **Numbers 25:1–3;** **Numbers 31:16;** **2 Peter 2:15;** **And** **Jude 1:11),** the Nicolaitans in Pergamum and Ephesus **(Revelation 2:6)**

the Nicolaitans in Pergamum and Ephesus

**(Revelation 2:6)**

accommodated their Christian faith to paganism.

They abused the principle of liberty

enunciated by Paul

**(1 Corinthians 9:19–23).**
**Revelation 2:17:**
**The hidden manna:**

this is the food of life;

**cf.** **Psalms 78:24–Psalms 78:25.**
**White amulet:**

literally,

“white stone,”

on which was written a magical name,

whose power could be tapped

by one who knew the secret name.

It is used here as a symbol

of victory and joy;

**cf.** **Revelation 3:4–5.**
**New name:**

this is a reference

to the Christian’s

rebirth in Christ;

**cf.** **Revelation 3:12;** **Revelation 19:12;** **Isaiah 62:2;** **And** **Isaiah 65:15.**
**Revelation 2:18–Revelation 2:29:**

The letter to Thyatira

praises the progress in virtue

of this small Christian community

**(Revelation 2:19)**

but admonishes them

for tolerating a false prophet

who leads them astray

**(Revelation 2:20).**

Her fate is sealed,

but there is hope of repentance

for her followers

**(Revelation 2:21–Revelation 2:22).**

Otherwise,

they too shall die

**(Revelation 2:23).**

They are warned against

Satanic power or knowledge

**(Revelation 2:24–Revelation 2:25).**

Those who remain faithful

will share in the messianic reign,

having authority over nations

**(Revelation 2:26–Revelation 2:27),**

and will in fact

possess Christ himself

**(Revelation 2:28).**
**Revelation 2:18:**
**Thyatira:**

modern Akhisar,

ca. forty miles

southeast of Pergamum,

a frontier town

famous for its workers’ guilds

**(cf.** **Acts 16:14),**

membership in which

may have involved

festal meals in pagan temples.
**Revelation 2:20:**

The scheming and treacherous

Jezebel of old

**(cf.** **1 Kings 19:1–1 Kings 19:2;** **1 Kings 21:1–1 Kings 21:14;** **2 Kings 9:22,** **And** **2 Kings 9:30–2 Kings 9:34)**

introduced pagan customs into the

religion of Israel;

this new Jezebel

was doing the same

to Christianity.
**Revelation 2:23:**
**Children:**

spiritual descendants.
**Revelation 2:24:**
**The so-called deep secrets of Satan:**

literally,

“the deep things of Satan,”

a scathing reference

to the perverse teaching

of the Nicolaitans

**(Revelation 2:15).**
**Revelation 2:26–Revelation 2:28:**

The Christian who perseveres in faith

will share in Christ’s messianic authority

**(cf.** **Psalms 2:8–9)**

and resurrection victory

over death,

symbolized by the morning star;

**cf.** **Revelation 22:16.**
**Revelation 2:26:**
**Who keeps to my ways:**

literally,

“who keeps my works.”
**Revelation 3:1–Revelation 3:6:**

The letter to Sardis

does not praise the community

but admonishes its members

to watchfulness, mutual support, and repentance

**(Revelation 3:2–Revelation 3:3).**

The few who have remained pure and faithful

will share Christ’s victory

and will be inscribed

in the book of life

**(Revelation 3:4–Revelation 3:5).**
**Revelation 3:1:**
**Sardis:**

this city,

located ca. thirty miles

southeast of Thyatira,

was once the capital of Lydia,

known for its wealth

at the time of Croesus

(6th century B.C.).

Its citadel,

reputed to be unassailable,

was captured by surprise,

first by Cyrus

and

later by Antiochus.

The church is therefore warned

to be on guard.
**Revelation 3:5:**
**In white:**

white is a sign of victory and joy

as well as resurrection;

**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 2:17.**
**The book of life:**

the roll in which

the names of the redeemed are kept;

**cf.** **Revelation 13:8;** **Revelation 17:8;** **Revelation 20:12,** **Revelation 20:15;** **Revelation 21:27;** **Philippians 4:3;** **And** **Daniel 12:1.**

They will be acknowledged

by Christ in heaven;

**cf.** **Matthew 10:32.**
**Revelation 3:7–Revelation 3:13:**

The letter to Philadelphia

praises the Christians there

for remaining faithful

even with their limited strength

**(Revelation 3:8).**

Members of the assembly of Satan

are again singled out

**(Revelation 3:9;** **And** **see** **Revelation 2:9).**

There is no admonition;

rather,

the letter promises that

they will be kept safe

at the great trial

**(Revelation 3:10–11)**

and that the victors

will become pillars

of the heavenly temple,

upon which three names

will be inscribed:

God, Jerusalem, and Christ

**(Revelation 3:12).**
**Revelation 3:7:**
**Philadelphia:**

modern Alasehir,

ca. thirty miles

southeast of Sardis,

founded by Attalus II Philadelphus

of Pergamum

to be an “open door”

**(Revelation 3:8)**

for Greek culture;

it was destroyed by an earthquake

in A.D. 17.

Rebuilt by money from the Emperor Tiberius,

the city was renamed Neo-Caesarea;

this may explain the allusions to

“name”

in

**Revelation 3:12.**
**Key of David:**

to the heavenly city of David

**(cf.** **Isaiah 22:22),** “the new Jerusalem” **(Revelation 3:12),**

over which Christ

has supreme authority.
**Revelation 3:8:**
**An open door:**

opportunities for

sharing and proclaiming the faith;

**cf.** **Acts 14:27;** **1 Corinthians 16:9;** **And** **2 Corinthians 2:12.**
**Revelation 3:10:**
**My message of endurance:**

this does not refer

to a saying of Jesus about patience

but to the example of

Christ’s patient endurance.

**The inhabitants of the earth:**

literally,

“those who live on the earth.”

This expression,

which also occurs in

**Revelation 6:10;** **Revelation 8:13;** **Revelation 11:10;** **Revelation 13:8,** **Revelation 13:12,** **Revelation 13:14;** **Revelation 17:2,** **And** **Revelation 17:8,**

always refers to the pagan world.
**Revelation 3:12:**
**Pillar:**

this may be an allusion

to the rebuilding of the city;

**see** **note** **on** **v** **7** **(Revelation 3:7).**
**New Jerusalem:**
**it** **is** **described** **in** **Revelation 21:10–Revelation 22:5.**
**Revelation 3:14–Revelation 3:22:**

The letter to Laodicea

reprimands the community

for being lukewarm

**(Revelation 3:15–Revelation 3:16),**

but no particular faults

are singled out.

Their material prosperity is contrasted

with their spiritual poverty,

the violet tunics

that were the source of their wealth

with the white robe of baptism,

and

their famous eye ointment

with true spiritual perception

**(Revelation 3:17–Revelation 3:18).**

But Christ’s chastisement

is inspired by love

and a desire to be allowed

to share the messianic banquet

with his followers

in the heavenly kingdom

**(Revelation 3:19–Revelation 3:21).**
**Revelation 3:14:**
**Laodicea:**

ca. forty miles

southeast of Philadelphia

and

ca. eighty miles

east of Ephesus,

a wealthy industrial

and commercial center,

with a renowned medical school.

It exported fine woolen garments

and was famous for its eye salves.

It was so wealthy

that it was proudly rebuilt

without outside aid

after the devastating earthquake

of A.D. 60/61.

**The Amen:**

this is a divine title

**(cf.** **Hebrew** **text** **of** **Isaiah 65:16)**

applied to Christ;

**cf.** **2 Corinthians 1:20.**
**Source of God’s creation:**

literally,

“the beginning of God’s creation,”

a concept found also in

**John 1:3;** **Colossians 1:16–Colossians 1:17;** **And** **Hebrews 1:2;**
**cf.** **Proverbs 8:22–Proverbs 8:31;** **And** **Wisdom 9:1–Wisdom 9:2.**
**Revelation 3:15–Revelation 3:16:**

Halfhearted commitment to the faith

is nauseating to Christ;

**cf.** **Romans 12:11.**
**Revelation 3:16:**
**Spit:**

literally,

“vomit.”

The image is that of a beverage

that should be either hot or cold.

Perhaps there is an allusion

to the hot springs of Hierapolis

across the Lycus river from Laodicea,

which would have been lukewarm

by the time they reached Laodicea.
**Revelation 3:17:**

Economic prosperity

occasioned spiritual bankruptcy.
**Revelation 3:18:**
**Gold…fire:**

God’s grace.

**White garments:**

symbol of an upright life;

the city was noted for its

violet/purple cloth.

**Ointment…eyes:**

to remove spiritual blindness;

one of the city’s exports

was eye ointment

**(see** **note** **on** **Revelation 3:14).**
**Revelation 3:20:**

Christ invites all

to the messianic banquet in heaven;

**cf.** **Isaiah 25:6;** **Luke 14:15;** **And** **Luke 22:30.**
**Revelation 4:1–Revelation 4:11:**

The seer now describes

a vision of the heavenly court

in worship of God enthroned.

He reverently avoids naming or describing God

but pictures twenty-four elders

in priestly and regal attire

**(Revelation 4:4)**

and God’s throne and its surroundings

made of precious gems

and other symbols

that traditionally express

the majesty of God

**(Revelation 4:5–Revelation 4:6).**

Universal creation is represented

by the four living creatures

**(Revelation 4:6–Revelation 4:7).**

Along with the

twenty-four elders,

they praise God unceasingly

in humble adoration

**(Revelation 4:8–Revelation 4:11).**
**Revelation 4:1:**

The ancients viewed heaven

as a solid vault,

entered by way of actual doors.
**Revelation 4:2–Revelation 4:8:**

Much of the imagery here

is taken from

**Ezekiel 1** **And** **Ezekiel 10.**
**Revelation 4:4:**
**Twenty-four elders:**

these represent

the twelve tribes of Israel

and the twelve apostles;

**cf.** **Revelation 21:12–Revelation 21:14.**
**Revelation 4:5:**
**Flashes of lightning, rumblings, and peals of thunder:**

as in other descriptions

of God’s appearance

or activity;

**cf.** **Revelation 8:5;** **Revelation 11:19;** **Revelation 16:18;** **Exodus 19:16;** **Ezekiel 1:4,** **And** **Ezekiel 13.**
**The seven spirits of God:**

the seven

“angels of the presence”

**as** **in** **Revelation 8:2** **And** **Tobit 12:15.**
**Revelation 4:6:**
**A sea of glass like crystal:**

an image adapted from

**Ezekiel 1:22–Ezekiel 1:26.**
**Four living creatures:**

these are symbols taken from

**Ezekiel 1:5–Ezekiel 1:21;**

they are identified as cherubim

in

**Ezekiel 10:20.**
**Covered with eyes:**

these suggest

God’s knowledge and concern.
**Revelation 4:7:**
**Lion…calf…human being…eagle:**

these symbolize,

respectively,

what is noblest,

strongest,

wisest,

and

swiftest

in creation.

**Calf:**

traditionally

translated

“ox,”

the Greek word refers to

a heifer or young bull.

Since the second century,

these four creatures

have been used as symbols

of

the evangelists

Mark,

Luke,

Matthew,

and

John,

respectively.
**Revelation 4:8:**
**Six wings:**

like the seraphim of

**Isaiah 6:2.**
**Revelation 5:1–Revelation 5:14:**

The seer now describes

a papyrus roll

in God’s right hand

**(Revelation 5:1)**

with seven seals

indicating the importance

of the message.

A mighty angel asks who is worthy

to open the scroll,

i.e.,

who can accomplish God’s salvific plan

**(Revelation 5:2).**

There is despair at first

when no one in creation can do it

**(Revelation 5:3–Revelation 5:4).**

But the seer is comforted by an elder

who tells him that Christ,

called the lion of the tribe of Judah,

has won the right to open it

**(Revelation 5:5).**

Christ then appears

as a Lamb,

coming to receive the scroll

from God

**(Revelation 5:6–Revelation 5:7),**

for which he is acclaimed

as at a coronation

**(Revelation 5:8–Revelation 5:10).**

This is followed by

a doxology of the angels

**(Revelation 5:11–Revelation 5:12)**

and then finally

by the heavenly church

united with all of creation

**(Revelation 5:13–Revelation 5:14).**
**Revelation 5:1:**
**A scroll:**

a papyrus roll

possibly containing

a list of afflictions for sinners

**(cf.** **Ezekiel 2:9–Ezekiel 2:10)**

or

God’s plan for the world.

**Sealed with seven seals:**

it is totally hidden

from all but God.

Only the Lamb

**(Revelation 5:7–Revelation 5:9)**

has the right to carry out

the divine plan.
**Revelation 5:5:**
**The lion of the tribe of Judah, the root of David:**

these are the messianic titles applied to Christ to symbolize his victory;

**cf.** **Revelation 22:16;** **Genesis 49:9;** **Isaiah 11:1,** **Isaiah 11:10;** **And** **Matthew 1:1.**
**Revelation 5:6:**

Christ is the Paschal Lamb

without blemish,

whose blood saved the new Israel

from sin and death;

**cf.** **Exodus 12;** **Isaiah 53:7;** **John 1:29,** **John 1:36;** **Acts 8:32;** **And** **1 Peter 1:18–19.**

This is the main title

for Christ in Revelation,

used twenty-eight times.

**Seven horns and seven eyes:**

Christ has the fullness

**(see** **note** **on** **Revelation 1:4)**

of power

(horns)

and knowledge

(eyes);

**cf.** **Zechariah 4:7.**
**[Seven] spirits:**
**as** **in** **Revelation 1:4;** **Revelation 3:1;** **And** **Revelation 4:5.**
**Revelation 5:11:**
**Countless:**

literally,

“100,000,000 plus 1,000,000,”

used by the author

to express infinity.
**Revelation 6:1–Revelation 16:21:**

A series of seven disasters

now begins as each seal is broken

**(Revelation 6:1–8:1),**

followed by a similar series

as seven trumpets sound

**(Revelation 8:2–Revelation 11:19)**

and as seven angels

pour bowls on the earth

causing plagues

**(Revelation 15:1–Revelation 16:21).**

These gloomy sequences are interrupted

by longer or shorter scenes

suggesting the triumph of God

and his witnesses

**(e.g.,** **Revelation 7;** **Revelation 10;** **Revelation 11;** **Revelation 12;** **Revelation 13;** **And** **Revelation 14).**
**Revelation 6:1–Revelation 6:17:**

This chapter provides a symbolic description

of the contents of the sealed scroll.

The breaking of the first four seals

reveals four riders.

The first rider

(of a white horse)

is a conquering power

**(Revelation 6:1–2),**

the second

(red horse)

a symbol of bloody war

**(Revelation 6:3–4),**

the third

(black horse)

a symbol of famine

**(Revelation 6:5–6),**

the fourth

(pale green horse)

a symbol of Death himself,

accompanied by Hades

(the netherworld)

as his page

**(Revelation 6:7–Revelation 6:8).**
**Revelation 6:8b**

summarizes the role

of all four riders.

The breaking of the fifth seal

reveals Christian martyrs

in an attitude of sacrifice

as blood poured out

at the foot of an altar

begging God for vindication,

which will come only

when their quota is filled;

but they are given a white robe

symbolic of victory

**(Revelation 6:9–11).**

The breaking of the sixth seal

reveals typical apocalyptic signs in the sky

and the sheer terror

of all people

at the imminent divine judgment

**(Revelation 6:12–17).**
**Revelation 6:1–Revelation 6:8:**

The imagery is adapted from

**Zechariah 1:8–Zechariah 1:10;** **And** **Zechariah 6:1–Zechariah 6:8.**
**Revelation 6:2:**
**White horse…bow:**

this may perhaps allude

specifically

to the Parthians

on the eastern border

of the Roman empire.

Expert in the use of the bow,

they constantly harassed the Romans

and won a major victory

in A.D. 62;

**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 9:13–Revelation 9:21.**

But the Old Testament imagery

typifies the history of oppression

of God’s people at all times.
**Revelation 6:4:**
**Huge sword:**

this is a symbol

of war and violence;

**cf.** **Ezekiel 21:14–Ezekiel 21:17.**
**Revelation 6:5:**
**Black horse:**

this is a symbol of famine,

the usual accompaniment of war

in antiquity;

**cf.** **Leviticus 26:26;** **Ezekiel 4:12–13.**

The

**scale**

is a symbol of shortage of food

with a corresponding rise in price.
**Revelation 6:6:**
**A day’s pay:**

literally,

“a denarius,”

a Roman silver coin

that constitutes a day’s wage

in

**Matthew 20:2.**

Because of the famine,

food was rationed and sold

at an exorbitant price.

A liter of flour was considered

a day’s ration

in the Greek historians

Herodotus and Diogenes Laertius.

**Barley:**

food of the poor

**(John 6:9,** **And** **John 6:13;** **cf.** **2 Kings 7:1,** **2 Kings 7:16,** **And** **2 Kings 7:18);**

it was also used

to feed animals;

**cf.** **1 Kings 5:8.**
**Do not damage:**

the olive and the vine

are to be used more sparingly

in time of famine.
**Revelation 6:8:**
**Pale green:**

symbol of death and decay;

**cf.** **Ezekiel 14:21.**
**Revelation 6:9:**
**The altar:**

this altar corresponds

to the altar of holocausts

in the temple in Jerusalem;

**see** **also** **Revelation 11:1.**
**Because of the witness…word of God:**

literally,

“because of the word of God

and the witness they had borne.”
**Revelation 6:10:**
**Holy and true master:**

Old Testament usage

as well as the context

indicates that this is addressed

to God rather than to Christ.
**Revelation 6:12–Revelation 6:14:**

Symbolic rather than literal description

of the cosmic upheavals

attending the day of the Lord

when the martyrs’ prayer for vindication

**(Revelation 6:10)**

would be answered;

**cf.** **Amos 8:8–Amos 8:9;** **Isaiah 34:4;** **Isaiah 50:3;** **Joel 2:10;** **Joel 3:3–Joel 3:4;** **Matthew 24:4–36;** **Mark 13:5–37;** **And** **Luke 21:8–36.**
**Revelation 6:12:**
**Dark sackcloth:**

for mourning,

sackcloth was made from

the skin of a black goat.
**Revelation 6:13:**
**Unripe figs:**

literally,

“summer

(or winter)

fruit.”
**Revelation 6:14:**
**Was divided:**

literally,

“was split,”

like a broken papyrus roll

torn in two,

each half

then curling up to form a roll

on either side.
**Revelation 6:15:**
**Nobles:**

literally,

“courtiers,”

“grandees.”

**Military officers:**

literally,

“commanders of 1,000 men,”

used in Josephus

and other Greek authors

as the equivalent

of the Roman tribunus militum.

The listing of various ranks of society

represents the universality of terror

at the impending doom.
**Revelation 6:17:**
**Their:**

this reading is attested

in the best manuscripts,

but the vast majority read

“his”

in reference to the wrath of the Lamb

in the preceding verse.
**Revelation 7:1–Revelation 7:17:**

An interlude of two visions

precedes the breaking of

the seventh seal,

just as two more will separate

the sixth and seventh trumpets

**(Revelation 10).**

In the first vision

**(Revelation 7:1–8),**

the elect receive the seal

of the living God

as protection against the coming cataclysm;

**cf.** **Revelation 14:1;** **Ezekiel 9:4–Ezekiel 9:6;** **2 Corinthians 1:22;** **Ephesians 1:13;** **And** **Ephesians 4:30.**

The second vision

**(Revelation 7:9–17)**

portrays the faithful Christians

before God’s throne

to encourage those on earth

to persevere to the end,

even to death.
**Revelation 7:1:**
**The four corners of the earth:**

the earth is seen as a

table or rectangular surface.
**Revelation 7:2:**
**East:**

literally,

“rising of the sun.”

The east was considered

the source of light

and the place of paradise

**(Genesis 2:8).**
**Seal:**

whatever was marked

by the impression of one’s signet ring

belonged to that person

and was under his protection.
**Revelation 7:4–Revelation 7:9:**
**One hundred and forty-four thousand:**

the square of twelve

(the number of Israel’s tribes)

multiplied by a thousand,

symbolic of the new Israel

**(cf.** **Revelation 14:1–Revelation 14:5;** **Galatians 6:16;** **And** **James 1:1)**

that embraces people

**from every nation, race, people, and tongue**
**(Revelation 7:9).**
**Revelation 7:5–Revelation 7:8:**

Judah is placed first

because of Christ;

**cf.** **“the** **Lion** **of** **the** **tribe** **of** **Judah”** **(Revelation 5:5).**

Dan is omitted

because of a later tradition

that the antichrist would arise from it.
**Revelation 7:9:**
**White robes…palm branches:**

symbols of joy and victory;

**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 3:5.**
**Revelation 7:10:**
**Salvation comes from:**

literally,

“(let) salvation (be ascribed) to.”

A similar hymn of praise

is found at the fall of the dragon

**(Revelation 12:10)**

and of Babylon

**(Revelation 19:1).**
**Revelation 7:14:**
**Time of great distress:**

fierce persecution by the Romans;

**cf.** **The Book of Revelation: Introduction.**
**Revelation 7:17:**
**Life-giving water:**

literally,

“the water of life,”

God’s grace, which flows from Christ;

**cf.** **Revelation 21:6;** **Revelation 22:1,** **Revelation 22:17;** **John 4:10,** **And** **John 4:14.**
**Revelation 8:1–Revelation 8:13:**

The breaking of the seventh seal

produces at first silence

and then seven symbolic disasters,

each announced by a trumpet blast,

of which the first four form a unit

as did the first four seals.

A minor liturgy

**(Revelation 8:3–Revelation 8:5)**

is enclosed by

a vision of seven angels

**(Revelation 8:2, Revelation 8:6).**

Then follow the

first four trumpet blasts,

each heralding catastrophes

modeled on the plagues of Egypt

affecting the traditional prophetic third

**(cf.** **Ezekiel 5:12)**

of the earth, sea, fresh water, and stars

**(Revelation 8:7–Revelation 8:12).**

Finally,

there is a vision of

an eagle warning

of the last three trumpet blasts

**(Revelation 8:13).**
**Revelation 8:1:**
**Silence in heaven:**
**as** **in** **Zephaniah 1:7,**

a prelude to the eschatological woes that are to follow;

**cf.** **The Book Of Revelation: Introduction.**
**Revelation 8:1:**
**Altar:**

there seems to be

only one altar

in the heavenly temple,

corresponding to

the altar of holocausts

**in**
**Revelation 6:9,**

and here to

the altar of incense

in Jerusalem;

**cf.** **also** **Revelation 9:13;** **Revelation 11:1;** **Revelation 14:18;** **And** **Revelation 16:7.**
**Revelation 8:7:**

This woe resembles

the seventh plague of Egypt

**(Exodus 9:23–24);**
**cf.** **Joel 3:3.**
**Revelation 8:8–Revelation 8:11:**

The background of these two woes

is the first plague of Egypt

**(Exodus 7:20–21).**
**Revelation 8:9:**
**Creatures living in the sea:**

literally,

“creatures in the sea that had souls.”
**Revelation 8:11:**
**Wormwood:**

an extremely bitter and malignant plant

symbolizing the punishment

God inflicts on the ungodly;

**cf.** **Jeremiah 9:12–Jeremiah 9:14;** **And** **Jeremiah 23:15.**
**Revelation 8:13:**
**Woe! Woe! Woe:**

each of the three woes

pronounced by the angel

represents a separate disaster;

**cf.** **Revelation 9:12;** **And** **Revelation 11:14.**

The final woe,

released by the seventh trumpet blast,

includes the plagues of

**Revelation 16.**
**Revelation 9:1–Revelation 9:12:**

The fifth trumpet

heralds a woe

containing elements

from the

eighth and ninth

plagues of Egypt

**(Exodus 10:12–Exodus 10:15,** **And** **Exodus 10:21–Exodus 10:23)**

but specifically

reminiscent of

the invasion of locusts

**in**
**Joel 1:4–Joel 2:10.**
**Revelation 9:1:**
**A star:**

late Judaism

represented fallen powers as stars

**(Isaiah 14:12–Isaiah 14:15;** **Luke 10:18;** **And** **Jude 1:13),**

but a comparison with

**Revelation 1:20** **And** **Revelation 20:1**

suggests that

here it means an angel.

**The passage to the abyss:**

referring

to Sheol,

the

netherworld,

where Satan and the fallen angels

are kept for a thousand years,

to be cast afterwards

into the pool of fire;

**cf.** **Revelation 20:7–Revelation 20:10.**

The abyss was conceived of

as a vast subterranean cavern full of fire.

Its only link with the earth

was a kind of passage or mine shaft,

which was kept locked.
**Revelation 9:3:**
**Scorpions:**

their poisonous sting was proverbial;

**Ezekiel 2:6;** **And** **Luke 11:12.**
**Revelation 9:5:**
**For five months:**

more or less

corresponding

to the life-span of locusts.
**Revelation 9:7–Revelation 9:10:**

Eight characteristics

are listed to show

the eschatological and diabolical

nature of these locusts.
**Revelation 9:11:**
**Abaddon:**

Hebrew

(more precisely, Aramaic)

for destruction or ruin.

**Apollyon:**

Greek for the

“Destroyer.”
**Revelation 9:13–Revelation 9:21:**

The sixth trumpet

heralds a woe

representing another diabolical attack

symbolized by an invasion by the Parthians

living east of the Euphrates;

**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 6:2.**

At the appointed time

**(Revelation 9:15),**

the frightful horses

act as God’s agents of judgment.

The imaginative details are not to be taken literally;

**see** **The Book Of Revelation: Introduction**
**and** **the** **note** **on** **Revelation 6:12–Revelation 6:14.**
**Revelation 9:13:**
**[Four]:**

many Greek manuscripts and versions

omit the word.

The horns were situated at

the four corners of the altar

**(Exodus 27:2;** **And** **Exodus 30:2–Exodus 30:3);**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 8:3.**
**Revelation 9:14–Revelation 9:15:**
**The four angels:**

they are symbolic of the destructive activity

that will be extended throughout the universe.
**Revelation 9:17:**
**Blue:**

literally,

“hyacinth-colored.”

**Yellow:**

literally,

“sulfurous.”
**Revelation 9:20:**
**The works of their hands:**

i.e., the gods their hands had made.
**Revelation 10:1–Revelation 11:14:**

An interlude in two scenes

**(Revelation 10:1–11** **And** **Revelation 11:1–14)**

precedes the sounding

of the seventh trumpet;

**cf.** **Revelation 7:1–17.**

The first vision

describes an angel astride sea and land

like a colossus,

with a small scroll open,

the contents of which indicate

that the end is imminent

**(Revelation 10).**

The second vision

is of the measuring

of the temple

and of two witnesses,

whose martyrdom

means that the kingdom of God

is about to be inaugurated.
**Revelation 10:2:**
**He placed…on the land:**

this symbolizes the universality

of the angel’s message,

as does the figure of the small scroll

open to be read.
**Revelation 10:3:**
**The seven thunders:**

God’s voice

announcing judgment and doom;

**cf.** **Psalms 29:3–Psalms 29:9,**

where thunder,

as the voice of Yahweh,

is praised seven times.
**Revelation 10:6:**
**Heaven and earth and sea:**

the three parts

of the universe.

**No more delay:**
**cf.** **Daniel 12:7;** **And** **Hebrews 2:3.**
**Revelation 10:7:**
**The mysterious plan of God:**

literally,

“the mystery of God,”

the end of the present age

when the forces of evil

will be put down

**(Revelation 17:1–Revelation 19:4,** **Revelation 19:11–Revelation 19:21;** **And** **Revelation 20:7–Revelation 20:10;**
**cf.** **2 Thessalonians 2:6–2 Thessalonians 2:12;** **And** **Romans 16:25–Romans 16:26),**

and the establishment

of the reign of God

when all creation will be made new

**(Revelation 21:1–Revelation 22:5).**
**Revelation 10:9–Revelation 10:10:**

The small scroll

was sweet

because it predicted the final victory

of God’s people;

it was sour

because it also announced their sufferings.

**Cf.** **Ezekiel 3:1–Ezekiel 3:3.**
**Revelation 10:11:**

This further prophecy

is contained in

**chaps.**
**Revelation 12–Revelation 22.**
**Revelation 11:1:**

The temple and altar

symbolize

the new Israel;

**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 7:4–Revelation 7:9.**

The worshipers

represent Christians.

The measuring of the temple

**(cf.** **Ezekiel 40:3–Ezekiel 42:20;** **Ezekiel 47:1–Ezekiel 47:12;** **And** **Zechariah 2:5–6)**

suggests that

God will preserve the faithful remnant

**(cf.** **Isaiah 4:2–Isaiah 4:3)**

who remain true to Christ

**(Revelation 14:1–Revelation 14:5).**
**Revelation 11:2:**
**The outer court:**

the Court of the Gentiles.

**Trample…forty-two months:**

the duration of the

vicious persecution

of the Jews

by

Antiochus IV Epiphanes

**(Daniel 7:25;** **And** **Daniel 12:7);**

this persecution of

three and a half years

(half of seven,

counted as 1260 days in

**Revelation 11:3;** **And** **Revelation 12:6)**

became the prototype of

periods of trial

for God’s people;

**cf.** **Luke 4:25;** **And** **James 5:17.**

The reference here

is to the persecution

by the Romans;

**cf.** **The Book Of Revelation: Introduction.**
**Revelation 11:3:**

The two witnesses,

wearing sackcloth

symbolizing lamentation and repentance,

cannot readily be identified.

Do they represent

Moses and Elijah,

or the Law and the Prophets,

or Peter and Paul?

Most probably they refer

to the universal church,

especially the Christian martyrs,

fulfilling the office of witness

**(two** **because** **of** **Deuteronomy 19:15;** **cf.** **Mark 6:7;** **And** **John 8:17).**
**Revelation 11:4:**
**The two olive trees and the two lampstands:**

the martyrs who stand in the presence

of the Lord;

the imagery is taken from

**Zechariah 4:8–Zechariah 4:14,**

where the olive trees refer to

Zerubbabel and Joshua.
**Revelation 11:5–Revelation 11:6:**

These details are derived from

stories of Moses,

who turned

**water into blood**
**(Exodus 7:17–Exodus 7:20),**

and of Elijah,

who called down fire from heaven

**(1 Kings 18:36–1 Kings 18:40;** **And** **2 Kings 1:10)**

and closed up the sky for three years

**(1 Kings 17:1;** **cf.** **1 Kings 18:1).**
**Revelation 11:7:**
**The beast…from the abyss:**

the Roman emperor Nero,

who symbolizes

the forces of evil,

or

the antichrist

**(Revelation 13:1,** **Revelation 13:8;** **And** **Revelation17:8);**
**cf.** **Daniel 7:2–Daniel 7:8,** **Daniel 7:11–Daniel 7:12,** **Daniel 7:19–Daniel 7:22** **And** **The Book Of Revelation: Introduction.**
**Revelation 11:8:**
**The great city:**

this expression

is used constantly

in Revelation

for Babylon,

i.e., Rome;

**cf.** **Revelation 14:8;** **Revelation 16:19;** **Revelation 17:18;** **Revelation 18:2,** **Revelation 18:10,** **And** **Revelation 18:21.**
**“Sodom” and “Egypt”:**

symbols of immorality

**(cf.** **Isaiah 1:10)**

and oppression

of God’s people

**(cf.** **Exodus 1:11–Exodus 1:14).**
**Where indeed their Lord was crucified:**

not the geographical

but the symbolic Jerusalem

that rejects God and his witnesses,

i.e.,

Rome,

called Babylon in

**Revelation 16–18;** **see** **note** **on** **Revelation 17:9** **And** **The Book Of Revelation: Introduction.**
**Revelation 11:9–Revelation 11:12:**

Over the martyrdom

**(Revelation 11:7)**

of the two witnesses,

now called prophets,

the ungodly rejoice

**for three and a half days**,

a symbolic period of time;

**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 11:2.**

Afterwards they go in triumph to heaven,

as did Elijah

**(2 Kings 2:11).**
**Revelation 11:13:**
**Seven thousand people:**

a symbolic sum

to represent all social classes

(seven)

and large numbers

(thousands);

**cf.** **The Book Of Revelation: Introduction.**
**Revelation 11:15–Revelation 11:19:**

The seventh trumpet

proclaims the coming of God’s reign

after the victory over diabolical powers;

**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 10:7.**
**Revelation 12:1–Revelation 14:20:**

This central section of Revelation

portrays the power of evil,

represented by a dragon,

in opposition to God

and his people.

First,

the dragon pursues the woman

about to give birth,

but her son is saved and

“caught up to God and his throne”

**(Revelation 12:5).**

Then

Michael and his angels

cast the dragon and his angels

out of heaven

**(Revelation 12:7–Revelation 12:9).**

After this,

the dragon tries to attack the boy indirectly

by attacking members of his church

**(Revelation 12:13–Revelation 12:17).**

A beast,

symbolizing the Roman empire,

then becomes the dragon’s agent,

mortally wounded but restored to life

and worshiped by all the world

**(Revelation 13:1–Revelation 13:10).**

A second beast

arises from the land,

symbolizing the antichrist,

which leads people astray

by its prodigies to idolize

the first beast

**(Revelation 13:11–Revelation 13:18).**

This is followed by

a vision of the Lamb

and his faithful ones,

and the proclamation of imminent judgment

upon the world

in terms of

the wine of God’s wrath

**(Revelation 14:1–Revelation 14:20).**
**Revelation 12:1–Revelation 12:6:**

The woman adorned

with the sun,

the moon,

and the stars

**(images** **taken** **from** **Genesis 37:9–Genesis 37:10)**

symbolizes God’s people

in the Old and the New Testament.

The Israel of old

gave birth to the Messiah

**(Revelation 12:5)**

and then became the new Israel,

the church,

which suffers persecution

by the dragon

**(Revelation 12:6,** **And** **Revelation 12:13–17);**
**cf.** **Isaiah 50:1;** **Isaiah 66:7;** **And** **Jeremiah 50:12.**

This corresponds

to a widespread myth

throughout the ancient world

that a goddess

pregnant with a savior

was pursued

by a horrible monster;

by miraculous intervention,

she bore a son

who then killed the monster.
**Revelation 12:2:**

Because of Eve’s sin,

the woman gives birth

in distress and pain

**(Genesis 3:16;**
**cf.** **Isaiah 66:7–Isaiah 66:14).**
**Revelation 12:3:**
**Huge red dragon:**

the Devil or Satan

**(cf.** **Revelation 12:9;** **And** **Revelation 20:2),**

symbol of the forces of evil,

a mythical monster

known also as Leviathan

**(Psalms 74:13–Psalms 74:14)**

or Rahab

**(Job 26:12–Job 26:13;** **And** **Psalms 89:11).**
**Seven diadems:**

these are symbolic of the fullness

of the dragon’s sovereignty

over the kingdoms of this world;

**cf.** **Christ** **with** **many** **diadems** **(Revelation 19:12).**
**Revelation 12:5:**
**Rule…iron rod:**

fulfilled in

**Revelation 19:15;**
**cf.** **Psalms 2:9.**
**Was caught up to God:**

reference to Christ’s ascension.
**Revelation 12:6:**

God protects the persecuted church

in the desert,

the traditional Old Testament

place of refuge for the afflicted,

according to the typology of the Exodus;

**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 11:2.**
**Revelation 12:7–Revelation 12:12:**

Michael,

mentioned only here in Revelation,

wins a victory over the dragon.

A hymn of praise follows.
**Revelation 12:7:**
**Michael:**

the archangel,

guardian and champion of Israel;

**cf.** **Daniel 10:13,** **Daniel 10:21;** **Daniel 12:1;** **And** **Jude 1:9.**

In Hebrew,

the name Michael

means

“Who can compare with God?”;

**cf.** **Rev 13:4.**
**Revelation 12:9:**
**The ancient serpent:**

who seduced Eve

**(Genesis 3:1–6),**

mother of the human race;

**cf.** **Revelation 20:2;** **And** **Ephesians 6:11–Ephesians 6:12.**
**Was thrown down:**

allusion to

the expulsion of Satan from heaven;

**cf.** **Luke 10:18.**
**Revelation 12:10:**
**The accuser:**

the meaning of the Hebrew word

“Satan,”

found in

**Revelation 12:9;** **Job 1–Job 2;** **Zechariah 3:1;** **And** **1 Chronicles 21:1;**

he continues to accuse Christ’s disciples.
**Revelation 12:14:**
**Great eagle:**

symbol of the power and swiftness

of divine help;

**cf.** **Exekiel 19:4;** **Deuteronomy 32:11;** **And** **Isaiah 40:31.**
**Revelation 12:15:**

The serpent is depicted as the sea monster;

**cf.** **Revelation 13:1;** **Isaiah 27:1;** **Ezekiel 32:2;** **And** **Psalms 74:13–Psalms 74:14.**
**Revelation 12:17:**

Although the church is protected

by God’s special providence

**(Revelation 12:16),**

the individual Christian is to expect

persecution and suffering.
**Revelation 12:18:**
**It took its position:**

many later manuscripts

and versions read

“I took my position,”

thus connecting the sentence

to the following paragraph.
**Revelation 13:1–Revelation 13:10:**

This wild beast,

combining features

of the four beasts

in

**Daniel 7:2–Daniel 7:28,**

symbolizes the Roman empire;

the seven heads represent the emperors;

**see** **notes** **on** **Revelation 17:10** **And** **Revelation 17:12–Revelation 17:14.**

The blasphemous names

are the divine titles

assumed by the emperors.
**Revelation 13:2:**

Satan

**(Revelation 12:9),**

the prince of this world

**(John 12:31),**

commissioned the beast

to persecute the church

**(Revelation 13:5–Revelation 13:7).**
**Revelation 13:3:**

This may be a reference

to the popular legend

that Nero would come back to life

and rule again after his death

(which occurred

in A.D. 68

from a self-inflicted stab wound

in the throat);

**cf.** **Revelation 13:14;** **And** **Revelation 17:8.**

Domitian

(A.D. 81–96)

embodied

all the cruelty and impiety

of Nero.

**Cf.** **The Book Of Revelation: Introduction.**
**Revelation 13:4:**
**Worshiped the beast:**

allusion to emperor worship,

which Domitian insisted upon and ruthlessly enforced.

**Who can compare with the beast:**

perhaps a deliberate parody

of the name Michael;

**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 12:7.**
**Revelation 13:5–Revelation 13:6:**

Domitian,

like Antiochus IV Epiphanes

**(Daniel 7:8,** **Daniel 7:11,** **And** **Daniel 7:25),**

demanded that he be called

by divine titles such as

“our lord and god” and “Jupiter.”

**See** **note** **on** **Revelation 11:2.**
**Revelation 13:5:**
**Forty-two months:**

this is the same duration

as the profanation of the holy city

**(Revelation 11:2),**

the prophetic mission

of the two witnesses

**(Revelation 11:3),**

and the retreat of the woman into the desert

**(Revelation 12:6, Revelation 12:14).**
**Revelation 13:11–Revelation 13:18:**

The second beast is described

in terms of the false prophets

**(cf.** **Revelation 16:13;** **Revelation 19:20;** **And** **Revelation 20:10)**

who accompany the false messiahs

(the first beast);

**cf.** **Matthew 24:24;** **Mark 13:22;** **And** **2 Thessalonians 2:9;**
**cf.** **also** **Deuteronomy 13:2–Deuteronomy 13:4.**

Christians had either

to worship the emperor and his image

or to suffer martyrdom.
**Revelation 13:18:**

Each of the letters of the alphabet in Hebrew

as well as in Greek

has a numerical value.

Many possible combinations of letters

will add up to 666,

and many candidates have been nominated

for this infamous number.

The most likely is the emperor Caesar Nero

**(see** **note** **on** **Revelation 13:3),**

the Greek form of whose name

in Hebrew letters

gives the required sum.

(The Latin form of this name equals 616,

which is the reading of a few manuscripts.)

Nero personifies the emperors

who viciously persecuted the church.

It has also been observed that

“6” represents imperfection,

falling short of the perfect number

“7,”

and is represented here in

a triple or superlative form.
**Revelation 14:1–Revelation 14:5:**

Now follows a tender and consoling vision

of the Lamb and his companions.
**Revelation 14:1:**
**Mount Zion:**

in Jerusalem,

the traditional place

where the true remnant,

the Israel of faith,

is to be gathered

in the messianic reign;

**cf.** **2 Kings 19:30–2 Kings 19:31;** **Joel 3:5;** **Obadiah 1:17;** **Micah 4:6–Micah 4:8;** **And** **Zephaniah 3:12–Zephaniah 3:20.**
**A hundred and forty-four thousand:**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 7:4–Revelation 7:9.**
**His Father’s name…foreheads:**

in contrast to the pagans

who were marked with the name

or number of the beast

**(Revelation 13:16–Revelation 13:17).**
**Revelation 14:4:**
**Virgins:**

metaphorically,

because they never indulged

in any idolatrous practices,

which are considered

in the Old Testament

to be adultery and fornication

**(Revelation 2:14–Revelation 2:15,** **Revelation 2:20–Revelation 2:22;** **And** **Revelation 17:1–Revelation 17:6;**
**cf.** **Ezekiel 16:1–Ezekiel 16:58;** **And** **Ezekiel 23:1–Ezekiel 23:49).**

The parallel passages

**(Revelation 7:3;** **And** **Revelation 22:4)**

indicate that the 144,000

whose foreheads are sealed

represent all Christian people.
**Revelation 14:5:**
**No deceit:**

because they did not deny Christ

or do homage to the beast.

Lying is characteristic

of the opponents of Christ

**(John 8:44),**

but the Suffering Servant

spoke no falsehood

**(Isaiah 53:9;** **And** **1 Peter 2:22).**
**Unblemished:**

a cultic term

taken from the vocabulary

of sacrificial ritual.
**Revelation 14:6–Revelation 14:13:**

Three angels proclaim imminent judgment

on the pagan world,

calling all peoples

to worship God the creator.

Babylon (Rome) will fall,

and its supporters

will be tormented forever.
**Revelation 14:6:**
**Everlasting good news:**

that God’s eternal reign

is about to begin;

**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 10:7.**
**Revelation 14:8:**

This verse anticipates

the lengthy dirge

over Babylon

(Rome)

in

**Revelation 18:1–Revelation 19:4.**

The oracle of

**Isaiah 21:9**

to Babylon

is applied here.
**Revelation 14:10–Revelation 14:11:**
**The wine of God’s fury:**

image taken from

**Isaiah 51:17;** **Jeremiah 25:15–Jeremiah 25:16;** **Jeremiah 49:12;** **Jeremiah 51:7;** **And** **Ezekiel 23:31–Ezekiel 23:34.**

Eternal punishment

in the fiery pool

of burning sulfur

**(or** **“fire and brimstone”;** **cf.** **Genesis 19:24)**

is also reserved

for the Devil,

the beast,

and the false prophet

**(Revelation 19:20;** **Revelation 20:10;** **And** **Revelation 21:8).**
**Revelation 14:12:**

In addition to

**faith in Jesus**,

the seer insists upon

the necessity and value of works,

**as** **in** **Revelation 2:23;** **Revelation 20:12–Revelation 20:13;** **And** **Revelation 22:12;**
**cf.** **Matthew 16:27;** **And** **Romans 2:6.**
**Revelation 14:13:**
**See** **note** **on** **Revelation 1:3.**

According to Jewish thought,

people’s actions followed them

as witnesses before the court of God.
**Revelation 14:14–Revelation 14:20:**

The reaping of the harvest

symbolizes the gathering of the elect

in the final judgment,

while the reaping and treading

of the grapes

symbolizes the doom of the ungodly

**(cf.** **Joel 4:12–Joel 4:13;** **And** **Isaiah 63:1–Isaiah 63:6)**

that will come in **Revelation 19:11–Revelation 19:21.**
**Revelation 14:18:**
**Altar:**

there was only one altar

in the heavenly temple;

**see** **notes** **above** **on** **Revelation 6:9;** **Revelation 8:3;** **And** **Revelation 11:1.**
**Revelation 14:20:**
**Two hundred miles:**

literally

sixteen hundred stades.

The stadion,

a Greek unit of measurement,

was about 607 feet in length,

approximately the length of a furlong.
**Revelation 15:1–Revelation 16:21:**

The seven bowls,

the third and last

group of seven

after the seven seals

and the seven trumpets,

foreshadow the final cataclysm.

Again,

the series is introduced

by a heavenly prelude,

in which the victors over the beast

sing the canticle of Moses

**(Revelation 15:2–Revelation 15:4).**
**Revelation 15:1–Revelation 15:4:**

A vision of the victorious martyrs

precedes the vision of woe in

**Revelation 15:5–Revelation 16:21;**
**cf.** **Revelation 7:9–Revelation 7:12.**
**Revelation 15:2:**
**Mingled with fire:**

fire symbolizes the sanctity involved in facing God,

reflected in the trials that have prepared

the victorious Christians

or in God’s wrath.
**Revelation 15:3:**
**The song of Moses:**

the song that Moses and the Israelites

sang after their escape from

the oppression of Egypt

**(Exodus 15:1–18).**

The martyrs have escaped from the

oppression of the Devil.

**Nations:**

many other Greek manuscripts

and versions read

“ages.”
**Revelation 15:5–Revelation 15:8:**

Seven angels receive

the bowls of God’s wrath.
**Revelation 15:5:**
**Tent of testimony:**

the name of the meeting tent

in the Greek text of

**Exodus 40.**
**Cf.** **2 Maccabees 2:4–2 Maccabees 2:7.**
**Revelation 16:1–Revelation 16:21:**

These seven bowls,

like the seven seals

**(Revelation 6:1–Revelation 6:17;** **And** **Revelation 8:1)**

and the seven trumpets

**(Revelation 8:2–Revelation 9:21;** **And** **Revelation 11:15–Revelation 11:19),**

bring on a succession of disasters

modeled in part on the

plagues of Egypt

**(Exodus 7–Exodus 12).**
**See** **note** **on** **Revelation 6:12–Revelation 6:14.**
**Revelation 16:2:**

Like the sixth Egyptian plague

**(Exodus 9:8–Exodus 9:11).**
**Revelation 16:3–Revelation 16:4:**

Like the first Egyptian plague

**(Exodus 7:20–Exodus 7:21).**

The same woe followed

the blowing of the second trumpet

**(Revelation 8:8–Revelation 8:9).**
**Revelation 16:10:**
**The throne of the beast:**

symbol of the forces of evil.

**Darkness:**

like the ninth Egyptian plague

**(Exodus 10:21–Exodus 10:23);**
**cf.** **Revelation 9:2.**
**Revelation 16:12:**
**The kings of the East:**

Parthians;

**see** **notes** **on** **Revelation 6:2** **And** **Revelation 17:12–Revelation 17:13.**
**East:**

literally,

“rising of the sun,”

**as**
**in** **Revelation 7:2.**
**Revelation 16:13:**
**Frogs:**

possibly an allusion to the second Egyptian plague **(Exodus 7:26–Exodus 8:11).**
**The false prophet:**

identified with the

two-horned second beast

**(Revelation 13:11–Revelation 13:18** **and** **the** **note** **there).**
**Revelation 16:15:**
**Like a thief:**
**as** **in** **Revelation 3:3**
**(cf.** **Matthew 24:42–Matthew 24:44;** **And** **1 Thessalonians 5:2).**
**Blessed:**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 1:3.**
**Revelation 16:16:**
**Armageddon:**

in Hebrew, this means

“Mountain of Megiddo.”

Since Megiddo was the scene

of many decisive battles in antiquity

**(Judges 5:19–Judges 5:20;** **2 Kings 9:27;** **And** **2 Chronicles 35:20–2 Chronicles 35:24),**

the town became the symbol

of the final disastrous rout

of the forces of evil.
**Revelation 16:19:**
**The great city:**

Rome and the empire.
**Revelation 16:20–Revelation 16:21:**
**See** **note** **on** **Revelation 6:12–Revelation 6:14.**
**Hailstones:**

as in the seventh Egyptian plague

**(Exodus 9:23–Exodus 9:24);**
**cf.** **Revelation 8:7.**
**Like huge weights:**

literally,

“weighing a talent,”

about one hundred pounds.
**Revelation 17:1–Revelation 19:10:**

The punishment of Babylon

is now described as a past event

and,

metaphorically,

under the image of the great harlot

who leads people astray into idolatry.
**Revelation 17:1–Revelation 17:6:**

Babylon,

the symbolic name

**(Revelation 17:5)**

of Rome,

is graphically described as

“the great harlot.”
**Revelation 17:2:**
**Intercourse…harlotry:**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 14:4.**

The pagan kings subject to Rome

adopted the cult of the emperor.
**Revelation 17:3:**
**Scarlet beast:**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 13:1–Revelation 13:10.**
**Blasphemous names:**

divine titles assumed by the Roman emperors;

**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 13:5–Revelation 13:6.**
**Revelation 17:6:**

Reference to the great wealth

and idolatrous cults of Rome.
**Revelation 17:6b–Revelation 17:18:**

An interpretation of the vision is here given.
**Revelation 17:8:**

Allusion to the belief

that the dead Nero

would return to power

**(Revelation 17:11);**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 13:3.**
**Revelation 17:9:**
**Here is a clue:**

literally,

“Here a mind that has wisdom.”

**Seven hills:**

of Rome.
**Revelation 17:10:**

There is little agreement

as to the identity

of the Roman emperors

alluded to here.

The number seven

**(Revelation 17:9)**

suggests that all the emperors are meant;

**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 1:4.**
**Revelation 17:11:**
**The beast:**

Nero;

**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 17:8.**
**Revelation 17:12–Revelation 17:13:**
**Ten kings who have not yet been crowned:**

perhaps Parthian satraps

who are to accompany the revived Nero

(the beast)

in his march on Rome to regain power;

**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 13:3.**
**In** **Revelation 19:11–Revelation 19:21,**

the

Lamb

and

his companions

will conquer them.
**Revelation 17:16–Revelation 17:18:**
**The ten horns:**

the ten pagan kings

**(Revelation 17:12)**

who unwittingly fulfill

God’s will

against harlot Rome,

the great city;

**cf.** **Ezekiel 16:37.**
**Revelation 18:1–Revelation 19:4:**

A stirring dirge

over the fall of

Babylon-Rome.

The perspective is prophetic,

as if the fall of Rome

had already taken place.

The imagery here,

as elsewhere in this book,

is not to be taken literally.

The vindictiveness

of some of the language,

borrowed from the

scathing Old Testament prophecies

against Babylon,

Tyre,

and

Nineveh

**(Isaiah 23;** **Isaiah 24;** **Isaiah 27;** **Jeremiah 50–Jeremiah 51;** **And** **Ezekiel 26–Ezekiel 27),**

is meant to portray

symbolically

the inexorable demands

of God’s holiness and justice;

**cf.** **The Book Of Revelation: Introduction.**

The section concludes

with a joyous canticle

on the future glory of heaven.
**Revelation 18:2:**

Many Greek manuscripts

and versions

omit

**a cage for every unclean…beast**.
**Revelation 18:3–Revelation 18:24:**

Rome is condemned for her immorality,

symbol of idolatry

**(see** **note** **on** **Revelation 14:4),**

and for persecuting the church;

**cf.** **Revelation 19:2.**
**Revelation 18:4:**
**Depart from her:**

not evacuation of the city

but separation from sinners,

as always in apocalyptic literature.
**Revelation 18:11:**

Ironically,

the merchants weep not so much

for Babylon-Rome,

but for their lost markets;

**cf.** **Ezekiel 27:36.**
**Revelation 18:13:**
**Revelation 18:13:**
**Spice:**

an unidentified spice plant

called in Greek amōmon.
**Revelation 19:1, Revelation 19:3, Revelation 19:4, And Revelation 19:6:**
**Alleluia:**

found only here in the New Testament,

this frequent exclamation of praise

in the Hebrew psalms

was important in Jewish liturgy.
**Revelation 19:5–Revelation 19:10:**

A victory song follows,

sung by the entire church,

celebrating

the marriage of the Lamb,

the union of the Messiah

with the community of the elect.
**Revelation 19:7:**
**The wedding day of the Lamb:**

symbol of God’s reign about to begin

**(Revelation 21:1–Revelation 22:5);**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 10:7.**
**His bride:**

the church;

**cf.** **2 Corinthians 11:2;** **And** **Ephesians 5:22–Ephesians 5:27.**

Marriage is one of

the biblical metaphors

used to describe

the covenant relationship

between God and his people;

**cf.** **Hosea 2:16–Hosea 2:22;** **Isaiah 54:5–Isaiah 54:6;** **Isaiah 62:5;** **And** **Ezekiel 16:6–Ezekiel 16:14.**

Hence,

idolatry and apostasy

are viewed as

adultery and harlotry

**(Hosea 2:4–Hosea 2:15;** **And** **Ezekiel 16:15–Ezekiel 16:63);**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 14:4.**
**Revelation 19:8:**
**See** **note** **on** **Revelation 14:12.**
**Revelation 19:9:**
**Blessed:**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 1:3.**
**Revelation 19:10:**
**The spirit of prophecy:**

as the prophets were inspired

to proclaim God’s word,

so the Christian is called

to give witness to the Word of God

**(Revelation 19:13)**

made flesh;

**cf.** **Revelation 1:2;** **Revelation 6:9;** **And** **Revelation 12:17.**
**Revelation 19:11–Revelation 19:16:**

Symbolic description of the exalted Christ

**(cf.** **Revelation 1:13–Revelation 1:16)**

who together with the armies of heaven

overcomes the beast and its followers;

**cf.** **Revelation 17:14.**
**Revelation 19:12:**
**A name:**

in Semitic thought,

the name conveyed the reality of the person;

**cf.** **Matthew 11:27;** **And** **Luke 10:22.**
**Revelation 19:13:**
**Had been dipped in:**

other Greek manuscripts

and versions read

“had been sprinkled with”;

**cf.** **Revelation 19:15.**
**The Word of God:**

Christ is the revelation

of the Father;

**cf.** **John 1:1,** **John 1:14;** **And** **1 John 2:14.**
**Revelation 19:15:**

The treading of the wine press

is a prophetic symbol

used to describe the destruction

of God’s enemies;

**cf.** **Isaiah 63:1–Isaiah 63:6;** **And** **Joel 4:13.**
**Revelation 19:17–Revelation 19:21:**

The certainty of Christ’s victory

is proclaimed by an angel,

followed by a reference

to the mustering of enemy forces

and a fearsome description

of their annihilation.

The gruesome imagery is borrowed from

**Ezekiel 39:4,** **And** **Ezekiel 39:17–Ezekiel 29:20.**
**Revelation 19:20:**
**Beast…false prophet:**
**see** **notes** **on** **Revelation 13.**
**The fiery pool…sulfur:**

symbol of God’s punishment

**(Revelation 14:10;** **Revelation 20:10,** **And** **Revelation 20:14–15),**

different from the abyss;

**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 9:1.**
**Revelation 20:1–Revelation 20:6:**

Like the other numerical values

in this book,

the thousand years

are not to be taken literally;

they symbolize

the long period of time

between the chaining up of Satan

(a symbol for Christ’s resurrection-

victory over death and the forces of evil)

and the end of the world.

During this time

God’s people share in the

glorious reign of God

that is present to them by virtue of

their baptismal victory

over death and sin;

**cf.** **Romans 6:1–Romans 6:8;** **John 5:24–John 5:25;** **John 16:33;** **1 John 3:14;** **And** **Ephesians 2:1.**
**Revelation 20:1:**
**Abyss:**
**see** **note on** **Revelation 9:1.**
**Revelation 20:2:**
**Dragon…serpent…Satan:**
**see** **notes** **on** **Revelation 12:3,** **Revelation 12:9,** **Revelation 12:10,** **And** **Revelation 12:15.**
**Revelation 20:4:**
**Beast…mark:**
**see** **Revelation 13** **and** **its** **notes.**
**Revelation 20:6:**
**Blessed:**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 1:3.**
**Second death:**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 2:11.**
**Priests:**
**as** **in** **Revelation 1:6;** **And** **Revelation 5:10;** **cf.** **1 Peter 2:9.**
**Revelation 20:7–Revelation 20:10:**

A description

of the symbolic battle to take place

when Satan is released at the end of time,

when the thousand years are over;

**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 20:1–6.**
**Revelation 20:8:**
**Gog and Magog:**

symbols of all pagan nations;

the names are taken from

**Ezekiel 38:1–Ezekiel 39:20.**
**Revelation 20:9:**
**The breadth of the earth:**

Palestine.

**The beloved city:**

Jerusalem;

**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 14:1.**
**Revelation 20:11–Revelation 20:15:**

A description of the final judgment.

After the

intermediate reign of Christ,

all the dead are raised and judged,

thus inaugurating the new age.
**Revelation 20:12:**
**The book of life:**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 3:5.**
**Judged…scrolls:**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 14:12.**
**Revelation 20:13:**
**Hades:**

the netherworld;

**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 1:18.**
**Revelation 20:14:**
**Second death:**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 2:11.**
**Revelation 21:1-Revelation 22:5:**

A description of

God’s eternal

kingdom in heaven

under the symbols of

a new heaven

and

a new earth;

**cf.** **Isaiah 65:17–Isaiah 65:25;** **Isaiah 66:22;** **And** **Matthew 19:28.**
**Revelation 21:1:**
**Sea…no more:**

because as home of the dragon

it was doomed

to disappear;

**cf.** **Job 7:12.**
**Revelation 21:2:**
**New Jerusalem…bride:**

symbol of the church

**(Galatians 4:26);**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 19:7.**
**Revelation 21:3–Revelation 21:4:**
**Language** **taken** **from**
**Ezekiel 37:27;** **Isaiah 25:8;** **And** **Isaiah 35:10;**
**cf.** **Revelation 7:17.**
**Revelation 21:3:**
**People:**

other ancient manuscripts read

a plural,

“peoples.”
**Revelation 21:5:**
**The one…on the throne:**
**God** **himself;**
**cf.** **Revelation 4:1–Revelation 4:11.**
**Revelation 21:6:**
**They are accomplished:**

God’s reign has already begun;

**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 20:1–6.**
**Alpha…Omega:**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 1:8.**
**Life-giving water:**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 7:17.**
**Revelation 21:7:**
**The victor:**

over the forces of evil;

**see** **the** **conclusions**
**of** **the**
**seven** **letters**
**(Revelation 2:7,** **Revelation 2:11,** **Revelation 2:17,** **Revelation 2:26;** **Revelation 3:5,** **Revelation 3:12,** **And** **Revelation 3:21).**
**He will be my son:**

the victorious Christian

enjoys divine affiliation by adoption

**(Galatians 4:4–Galatians 4:7;** **And** **Romans 8:14–Romans 8:17);**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 2:26–Revelation 2:28.**
**Revelation 21:8:**
**Cowards:**

their conviction is so weak

that they deny Christ

in time of trial

and become traitors.

**Second death:**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 2:11.**
**Revelation 21:9–Revelation 22:5:**

Symbolic descriptions

of the new Jerusalem,

the church.

Most of the images

are borrowed from

**Ezekiel 40–Ezekiel 48.**
**Revelation 21:9:**
**The bride, the wife of the Lamb:**

the church

**(Revelation 21:2),**

the new Jerusalem

**(Revelation 21:10);**
**cf.** **2 Corinthians 11:2.**
**Revelation 21:14:**
**Courses of stones…apostles:**

literally,

“twelve foundations”;

**cf.** **Ephesians 2:19–Ephesians 2:20.**
**Revelation 21:15–Revelation 21:17:**

The city is shaped

like a gigantic cube,

a symbol of perfection

**(cf.** **1 Kings 6:19–1 Kings 6:20).**

The measurements of the city

and its wall

are multiples of the symbolic number

twelve;

**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 7:4–Revelation 7:9.**
**Revelation 21:16:**
**Fifteen hundred miles:**

literally,

twelve thousand stades,

about 12,000 furlongs

**(see** **note** **on** **Revelation 14:20);**

the number is symbolic:

twelve

(the apostles as leaders of the new Israel)

multiplied by 1,000

(the immensity of Christians);

**cf.** **The Book Of Revelation: Introduction.**
**In length and width and height:**

literally,

“its length

and width

and height

are the same.”
**Revelation 21:17:**
**One hundred and forty-four cubits:**

the cubit was about

eighteen inches in length.

**Standard unit of measurement the angel used:**

literally,

“by a human measure,

i.e.,

an angel’s.”
**Revelation 21:18–Revelation 21:21:**

The gold

and

precious gems

symbolize

the beauty and excellence

of the church;

**cf.** **Exodus 28:15–Exodus 28:21;** **Tobit 13:16–Tobit 13:17;** **And** **Isaiah 54:11–Isaiah 54:12.**
**Revelation 21:22:**

Christ is present

throughout the church;

hence,

no temple is needed

as an earthly dwelling

for God;

**cf.** **Matthew 18:20;** **Matthew 28:20;** **And** **John 4:21.**
**Revelation 21:23:**
**Lamp…Lamb:**
**cf.** **John 8:12.**
**Revelation 21:24–Revelation 21:27:**

All men and women of good will

are welcome in the church;

**cf.** **Isaiah 60:1,** **Isaiah 60:3,** **Isaiah 60:5,** **And** **Isaiah 60:11.**
**The…book of life:**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 3:5.**
**Revelation 22:1, And Revelation 21:17:**
**Life-giving water:**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 7:17.**
**Revelation 22:2:**
**The tree of life:**
**cf.** **Revelation 22:14;**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 2:7.**
**Fruit…medicine:**
**cf.** **Ezekiel 47:12.**
**Revelation 22:4:**
**Look upon his face:**
**cf.** **Matthew 5:8;** **1 Corinthians 13:12;** **And** **1 John 3:2.**
**Revelation 22:6–Revelation 22:21:**

The book ends with an epilogue

consisting of

a series of warnings and exhortations

and forming an inclusion

with the prologue

by resuming its themes and expressions;

**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 1:1–Revelation 1:3.**
**Revelation 22:7, Revelation 22:12, And Revelation 22:20:**
**I am coming soon:**

Christ is the speaker;

**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 1:3.**
**Revelation 22:7, And Revelation 22:14:**
**Blessed:**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 1:3.**
**Revelation 22:10:**
**The appointed time:**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 1:3.**
**Revelation 22:13:**

Christ applies

to himself

words used by God

**in** **Revelation 1:8.**
**Revelation 22:14:**
**The city:**

heavenly Jerusalem;

**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 21:2.**
**Revelation 22:16:**
**The root…of David:**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 5:5.**
**Morning star:**
**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 2:26–Revelation 2:28.**
**Revelation 22:17:**
**Bride:**

the church;

**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 21:2.**
**Revelation 22:20:**
**Come, Lord Jesus:**

a liturgical refrain,

similar to the Aramaic expression

*Marana tha*

—“Our Lord, come!”—

**in** **1 Corinthians 16:22;**
**cf.** note there.

**(in** **1 Corinthians 16:22)**

It was a prayer

for the coming of

Christ in glory

at the parousia;

**see** **note** **on** **Revelation 1:3.**

## CROSS-REFERENCES

**Revelation 1:1:**
**Revelation 22:6-Revelation 22:8,** **Revelation 22:20,** **Daniel 2:28,** **And** **Revelation 19:10.**
**Revelation 22:6-Revelation 22:8.** **NABRE:**
**6** And he said to me, “These words are trustworthy and true, and the Lord, the God of prophetic spirits, sent his angel to show his servants what must happen soon.” **7** “Behold, I am coming soon.” Blessed is the one who keeps the prophetic message of this book.

**8** It is I, John, who heard and saw these things, and when I heard and saw them I fell down to worship at the feet of the angel who showed them to me.

**Revelation 22:20.** **NABRE:**

The one who gives this testimony says, “Yes, I am coming soon.” Amen! Come, Lord Jesus!

**Daniel 2:28.** **NABRE:**
**28** But there is a God in heaven who reveals mysteries, and he has shown King Nebuchadnezzar what is to happen in the last days; this was your dream, the visions you saw as you lay in bed.

**Revelation 19:10.** **NABRE:**
**10** I fell at his feet to worship him. But he said to me, “Don’t! I am a fellow servant of yours and of your brothers who bear witness to Jesus. Worship God. Witness to Jesus is the spirit of prophecy.”
**Revelation 1:3:**
**Revelation 22:7,** **And** **Luke 11:28.**
**Revelation 22:7.** **NABRE:**

“Behold, I am coming soon.” Blessed is the one who keeps the prophetic message of this book.

**Luke 11:28.** **NABRE:**

He replied, “Rather, blessed are those who hear the word of God and observe it.”

**The Demand for a Sign**
**Revelation 1:4:**
**Revelation 1:8,** **Revelation 4:8,** **Revelation 11:17,** **Revelation 16:5,** **And** **Exodus 3:14.**
**Revelation 1:8.** **NABRE:**

“I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God, “the one who is and who was and who is to come, the almighty.”

**Revelation 4:8.** **NABRE:**
**8** The four living creatures, each of them with six wings, were covered with eyes inside and out. Day and night they do not stop exclaiming:

“Holy, holy, holy is the Lord God almighty,

who was, and who is, and who is to come.”

**Revelation 11:17.** **NABRE:**
**17** and said:

“We give thanks to you, Lord God almighty,

who are and who were.

For you have assumed your great power

and have established your reign.

**Revelation 16:5.** **NABRE:**
**5** Then I heard the angel in charge of the waters say:

“You are just, O Holy One,

who are and who were,

in passing this sentence.

**Exodus 3:14.** **NABRE:**
**14** God replied to Moses: I am who I am. Then he added: This is what you will tell the Israelites: I AM has sent me to you.
**Revelation 1:5:**
**Revelation 3:14,** **1 Corinthians 15:20,** **Colossians 1:18,** **Hebrews 9:14,** **1 Peter 1:19,** **And** **1 John 1:7.**
**Revelation 3:14.** **NABRE:**
**14** “To the angel of the church in Laodicea, write this:

“‘The Amen, the faithful and true witness, the source of God’s creation, says this:

**1 Corinthians 15:20.** **NABRE:**
**20** But now Christ has been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep.

**Colossians 1:18.** **NABRE:**
**18** He is the head of the body, the church.

He is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead,

that in all things he himself might be preeminent.

**Hebrews 9:14.** **NABRE:**
**14** how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal spirit offered himself unblemished to God, cleanse our consciences from dead works to worship the living God.

**1 Peter 1:19.** **NABRE:**
**19** but with the precious blood of Christ as of a spotless unblemished lamb.

**1 John 1:7.** **NABRE:**
**7** But if we walk in the light as he is in the light, then we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of his Son Jesus cleanses us from all sin.
**Revelation 1:6:**
**Exodus 19:6,** **And** **1 Peter 2:9.**
**Exodus 19:6.** **NABRE:**
**6** You will be to me a kingdom of priests, a holy nation. That is what you must tell the Israelites.

**1 Peter 2:9.** **NABRE:**
**9** But you are “a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people of his own, so that you may announce the praises” of him who called you out of darkness into his wonderful light.
**Revlation 1:7:**
**Daniel 7:13,** **Zechariah 12:10,** **Matthew 24:30,** **And** **John 19:37.**
**Daniel 7:13.** **NABRE:**
**13** As the visions during the night continued, I saw coming with the clouds of heaven

One like a son of man.

When he reached the Ancient of Days

and was presented before him,

**Zechariah 12:10.** **NABRE:**
**10** I will pour out on the house of David and on the inhabitants of Jerusalem a spirit of mercy and supplication, so that when they look on him whom they have thrust through, they will mourn for him as one mourns for an only child, and they will grieve for him as one grieves over a firstborn.

**Matthew 24:30.** **NABRE:**
**30** And then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in heaven, and all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the Son of Man coming upon the clouds of heaven with power and great glory.

**John 19:37.** **NABRE:**
**37** And again another passage says:

“They will look upon him whom they have pierced.”

**The Burial of Jesus.**
**Revelation 1:8:**
**Revelation 1:17,** **Revelation 21:6,** **Revelation 22:13,** **Isaiah 41:4,** **Isaiah 44:6,** **And** **Isaiah 48:12.**
**Revelation 1:17.** **NABRE:**
**17** When I caught sight of him, I fell down at his feet as though dead. He touched me with his right hand and said, “Do not be afraid. I am the first and the last,

**Revelation 21:6.** **NABRE:**
**6** He said to me, “They are accomplished. I [am] the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end. To the thirsty I will give a gift from the spring of life-giving water.

**Revelation 22:13.** **NABRE:**
**13** I am the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end.”

**Isaiah 41:4.** **NABRE:**
**4** Who has performed these deeds?

Who has called forth the generations from the beginning?

I, the **LORD**, am the first,

and at the last I am he.

**Isaiah 44:6.** **NABRE:**
**The True God and False Gods**
**6** Thus says the **LORD**, Israel’s king,

its redeemer, the **LORD** of hosts:

I am the first, I am the last;

there is no God but me.

**Isaiah 48:12.** **NABRE:**
**12** Listen to me, Jacob,

Israel, whom I called!

I, it is I who am the first,

and am I the last.
**Revelation 1:13:**
**Daniel 7:13,** **And** **Daniel 10:5.**
**Daniel 7:13.** **NABRE:**
**13** As the visions during the night continued, I saw coming with the clouds of heaven

One like a son of man.

When he reached the Ancient of Days

and was presented before him,

**Daniel 10:5.** **NABRE:**
**5** As I looked up, I saw a man dressed in linen with a belt of fine gold around his waist.
**Revelation 1:16:**
**Hebrews 4:12.**
**Hebrews 4:12.** **NABRE:**
**12** Indeed, the word of God is living and effective, sharper than any two-edged sword, penetrating even between soul and spirit, joints and marrow, and able to discern reflections and thoughts of the heart.
**Revelation 1:17:**
**Daniel 8:18,** **And** **Revelation 1:8.**
**Daniel 8:18.** **NABRE:**
**18** As he spoke to me, I fell forward unconscious; he touched me and made me stand up.

**Revelation 1:8.** **NABRE:**
**8** “I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God, “the one who is and who was and who is to come, the almighty.”

**The First Vision.**
**Revelation 2:7:**
**Revelation 2:11,** **Revelation 2:17,** **Revelation 2:29,** **Revelation 3:6,** **Revelation 3:13,** **Revelation 3:22,** **Revelation 13:9,** **And** **Matthew 11:15.**
**Revelation 2:11.** **NABRE:**
**11** “‘“Whoever has ears ought to hear what the Spirit says to the churches. The victor shall not be harmed by the second death.”’

**To Pergamum.**
**Revelation 2:17.** **NABRE:**
**17** “‘“Whoever has ears ought to hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To the victor I shall give some of the hidden manna; I shall also give a white amulet upon which is inscribed a new name, which no one knows except the one who receives it.”’

**To Thyatira.**
**Revelation 2:29.** **NABRE:**
**29** “‘“Whoever has ears ought to hear what the Spirit says to the churches.”’

**Revelation 3:6.** **NABRE:**
**6** “‘“Whoever has ears ought to hear what the Spirit says to the churches.”’

**To Philadelphia.**
**Revelation 3:13.** **NABRE:**
**13** “‘“Whoever has ears ought to hear what the Spirit says to the churches.”’

**To Laodicea.**
**Revelation 3:22.** **NABRE:**
**22** “‘“Whoever has ears ought to hear what the Spirit says to the churches.”’”

**Revelation 13:9.** **NABRE:**
**9** Whoever has ears ought to hear these words.

**Matthew 11:15.** **NABRE:**
**15** Whoever has ears ought to hear.
**Revelation 2:9:**
**James 2:5.**
**James 2:5.** **NABRE:**
**5** Listen, my beloved brothers. Did not God choose those who are poor in the world to be rich in faith and heirs of the kingdom that he promised to those who love him?
**Revelation 2:11:**
**Revelation 20:6,** **Revelation 20:14,** **And** **Revelation 21:8**
**Revelation 20:6.** **NABRE:**
**6** Blessed and holy is the one who shares in the first resurrection. The second death has no power over these; they will be priests of God and of Christ, and they will reign with him for [the] thousand years.

**Revelation 20:14.** **NABRE:**
**14** Then Death and Hades were thrown into the pool of fire. (This pool of fire is the second death. )

**Revelation 21:8.** **NABRE:**
**8** But as for cowards, the unfaithful, the depraved, murderers, the unchaste, sorcerers, idol-worshipers, and deceivers of every sort, their lot is in the burning pool of fire and sulfur, which is the second death.”

**The New Jerusalem.**
**Revelation 2:14:**
**Numbers 22-Numbers 24,** **Numbers 25:1-Numbers 25:3,** **Numbers 31:16,** **2 Peter 2:15,** **And** **Jude 1:11.**
**Numbers 22-Numbers 24. NABRE:**

The Verses or Chapters cited would be too long to include in full.

To see them in full, please refer to **The Book of Numbers** **Chapters** **Chapter 22,** **Chapter 23** **And** **Chapter 24**
**Numbers 25:1-Numbers 25:3. NABRE:**
**Chapter 25**
**Worship of Baal of Peor.**
**1** While Israel was living at Shittim, the people profaned themselves by prostituting themselves with the Moabite women. **2** These then invited the people to the sacrifices of their god, and the people ate of the sacrifices and bowed down to their god. **3** Israel thereby attached itself to the Baal of Peor, and the **LORD**’s anger flared up against Israel.

**Numbers 31:16. NABRE:**
**16** “These are the very ones who on Balaam’s advice were behind the Israelites’ unfaithfulness to the **LORD** in the affair at Peor, so that plague struck the Lord’s community.

**2 Peter 2:15. NABRE:**
**15** Abandoning the straight road, they have gone astray, following the road of Balaam, the son of Bosor, who loved payment for wrongdoing,

**Jude 1:11. NABRE:**
**11** Woe to them! They followed the way of Cain, abandoned themselves to Balaam’s error for the sake of gain, and perished in the rebellion of Korah.
**Revelation 2:17:**
**Isaiah 62:2,** **And** **Isaiah 65:15.**
**Isaiah 62:2.** **NABRE:**
**2** Nations shall behold your vindication,

and all kings your glory;

You shall be called by a new name

bestowed by the mouth of the **LORD**.

**Isaiah 65:15.** **NABRE:**
**15** You will leave your name for a curse to my chosen ones

when the **LORD** God slays you,

and calls his servants by another name.
**Revelation 2:23:**
**1 Samuel 16:7,** **Jeremiah 11:20,** **And** **Jeremiah 17:10.**
**1 Samuel 16:7.** **NABRE:**
**7** But the **LORD** said to Samuel: Do not judge from his appearance or from his lofty stature, because I have rejected him. God does not see as a mortal, who sees the appearance. The Lord looks into the heart.

**Jeremiah 11:20.** **NABRE:**
**20** But, you, **LORD** of hosts, just Judge,

searcher of mind and heart,

Let me witness the vengeance you take on them,

for to you I have entrusted my cause!

**Jeremiah 17:10.** **NABRE:**
**10** I, the **LORD**, explore the mind

and test the heart,

Giving to all according to their ways,

according to the fruit of their deeds.
**Revelation 2:26:**
**Revelation 12:5,** **And** **Psalms 2:8-Psalms 2:9.**
**Revelation 12:5.** **NABRE:**
**5** She gave birth to a son, a male child, destined to rule all the nations with an iron rod. Her child was caught up to God and his throne.

**Psalms 2:8-Psalms 2:9.** **NABRE:**
**8** Ask it of me,

and I will give you the nations as your inheritance,

and, as your possession, the ends of the earth.

**9** With an iron rod you will shepherd them,

like a potter’s vessel you will shatter them.”
**Revelation 3:3:**
**Matthew 24:42-Matthew 24:44,** **Mark 13:33,** **1 Thessalonians 5:2,** **And** **2 Peter 3:10.**
**Matthew 24:42-Matthew 24:44.** **NABRE:**
**42** Therefore, stay awake! For you do not know on which day your Lord will come. **43** Be sure of this: if the master of the house had known the hour of night when the thief was coming, he would have stayed awake and not let his house be broken into. **44** So too, you also must be prepared, for at an hour you do not expect, the Son of Man will come.

**The Faithful or the Unfaithful Servant.**
**Mark 13:33.** **NABRE:**
**33** Be watchful! Be alert! You do not know when the time will come.

**1 Thessalonians 5:2.** **NABRE:**
**2** For you yourselves know very well that the day of the Lord will come like a thief at night.

**2 Peter 3:10.** **NABRE:**
**10** But the day of the Lord will come like a thief, and then the heavens will pass away with a mighty roar and the elements will be dissolved by fire, and the earth and everything done on it will be found out.

**Exhortation to Preparedness.**
**Revelation 3:4:**
**Revelation 7:13-Revelation 7:14.**
**Revelation 7:13-Revelation.** **7:14 NABRE:**
**13** Then one of the elders spoke up and said to me, “Who are these wearing white robes, and where did they come from?” **14** I said to him, “My lord, you are the one who knows.” He said to me, “These are the ones who have survived the time of great distress; they have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb.
**Revelation 3:5:**
**Psalms 69:29,** **Daniel 12:1,** **And** **Matthew 10:32.**
**Psalms 69:29. NABRE:**
**29** May they be blotted from the book of life;

not registered among the just!

**Daniel 12:1. NABRE:**
**Chapter 12**
**The Resurrection**
**1** “At that time there shall arise Michael,

the great prince,

guardian of your people;

It shall be a time unsurpassed in distress

since the nation began until that time.

At that time your people shall escape,

everyone who is found written in the book.

**Matthew 10:32. NABRE:**
**32** Everyone who acknowledges me before others I will acknowledge before my heavenly Father.
**Revelation 3:8:**
**Isaiah 22:22,** **And** **Matthew 16:19**
**Isaiah 22:22.** **NABRE:**
**22** I will place the key of the House of David on his shoulder;

what he opens, no one will shut,

what he shuts, no one will open.

**Matthew 16:19.** **NABRE:**
**19** I will give you the keys to the kingdom of heaven. Whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven; and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.”
**Revelation 3:9:**
**Revelation 2:9,** **Isaiah 45:14,** **And** **Isaiah 60:14.**
**Revelation 2:9. NABRE:**
**9** “I know your tribulation and poverty, but you are rich. I know the slander of those who claim to be Jews and are not, but rather are members of the assembly of Satan.

**Isaiah 45:14.** **NABRE:**
**14** Thus says the **LORD**:

The earnings of Egypt, the gain of Ethiopia,

and the Sabeans, tall of stature,

Shall come over to you and belong to you;

they shall follow you, coming in chains.

Before you they shall bow down,

saying in prayer:

“With you alone is God; and there is none other,

no other god!

**Isaiah 60:14.** **NABRE:**
**14** The children of your oppressors shall come,

bowing before you;

All those who despised you,

shall bow low at your feet.

They shall call you “City of the **LORD**,”

“Zion of the Holy One of Israel.”
**Revelation 3:11:**
**Revelation 2:25,** **Revelation 22:7,** **And** **Revelation 22:20.**
**Revelation 2:25. NABRE:**
**25** except that you must hold fast to what you have until I come.

**Revelation 22:7. NABRE:**
**7** “Behold, I am coming soon.” Blessed is the one who keeps the prophetic message of this book.

**Revelation 22:20. NABRE:**
**20** The one who gives this testimony says, “Yes, I am coming soon.” Amen! Come, Lord Jesus!
**Revelation 3:12:**
**Revelation 21:2-Revelation 21:3,** **Ezekiel 48:35,** **And** **Revelation 19:13.**
**Revelation 21:2-Revelation 21:3.** **NABRE:**
**2** I also saw the holy city, a new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. **3** I heard a loud voice from the throne saying, “Behold, God’s dwelling is with the human race. He will dwell with them and they will be his people and God himself will always be with them [as their God].

**Ezekiel 48:35.** **NABRE:**
**35** The circuit of the city shall be eighteen thousand cubits. From now on the name of the city is “The **LORD** is there.”

**Revelation 19:13.** **NABRE:**
**13** He wore a cloak that had been dipped in blood, and his name was called the Word of God.
**Revelation 3:14:**
**Revelation 1:5.**
**Revelation 1:5.** **NABRE:**
**5** and from Jesus Christ, the faithful witness, the firstborn of the dead and ruler of the kings of the earth. To him who loves us and has freed us from our sins by his blood,
**Revelation 3:17:**
**Proverbs 13:7,** **And** **Luke 12:21**
**Proverbs 13:7.** **NABRE:**
**7** One acts rich but has nothing; another acts poor but has great wealth.

**Luke 12:21.** **NABRE:**
**21** Thus will it be for the one who stores up treasure for himself but is not rich in what matters to God.”
**Revelation 3:19:**
**Proverbs 3:11-Proverbs 3:12,** **1 Corinthians 11:32,** **And** **Hebrews 12:5-Hebrews 12:11.**
**Proverbs 3:11-Proverbs 3:12.** **NABRE:**
**11** The discipline of the **LORD**, my son, do not spurn;

do not disdain his reproof;

**12** For whom the **LORD** loves he reproves,

as a father, the son he favors.

**1 Corinthians 11:32.** **NABRE:**
**32** but since we are judged by [the] Lord, we are being disciplined so that we may not be condemned along with the world.

**Hebrews 12:5-Hebrews 12:11.** **NABRE:**
**5** You have also forgotten the exhortation addressed to you as sons:

“My son, do not disdain the discipline of the Lord

or lose heart when reproved by him;

**6** for whom the Lord loves, he disciplines;

he scourges every son he acknowledges.”

**7** Endure your trials as “discipline”; God treats you as sons. For what “son” is there whom his father does not discipline? **8** If you are without discipline, in which all have shared, you are not sons but bastards. **9** Besides this, we have had our earthly fathers to discipline us, and we respected them. Should we not [then] submit all the more to the Father of spirits and live? **10** They disciplined us for a short time as seemed right to them, but he does so for our benefit, in order that we may share his holiness. **11** At the time, all discipline seems a cause not for joy but for pain, yet later it brings the peaceful fruit of righteousness to those who are trained by it.
**Revelation 3:21:**
**Luke 22:28-Luke 22:30,** **And** **Matthew 19:28.**
**Luke 22:28-Luke 22:30.** **NABRE:**
**28** It is you who have stood by me in my trials; **29** and I confer a kingdom on you, just as my Father has conferred one on me, **30** that you may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom; and you will sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel.

**Matthew 19:28.** **NABRE:**
**28** Jesus said to them, “Amen, I say to you that you who have followed me, in the new age, when the Son of Man is seated on his throne of glory, will yourselves sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
**Revelation 4:2:**
**Isaiah 6:1,** **And** **Ezekiel 1:26-Ezekiel 1:28.**
**Isaiah 6:1.** **NABRE:**
**B. The Book of Emmanuel**
**The Sending of Isaiah.**
**1** In the year King Uzziah died, I saw the **LORD** seated on a high and lofty throne, with the train of his garment filling the temple.

**Ezekiel 1:26-Ezekiel 1:28.** **NABRE:**
**26** Above the firmament over their heads was the likeness of a throne that looked like sapphire; and upon this likeness of a throne was seated, up above, a figure that looked like a human being. **27** And I saw something like polished metal, like the appearance of fire enclosed on all sides, from what looked like the waist up; and from what looked like the waist down, I saw something like the appearance of fire and brilliant light surrounding him. **28** Just like the appearance of the rainbow in the clouds on a rainy day so was the appearance of brilliance that surrounded him. Such was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the **LORD**. And when I saw it, I fell on my face and heard a voice speak.
**Revelation 4:4:**
**Isaiah 24:23.**
**Isaiah 24:23.** **NABRE:**
**23** Then the moon will blush

and the sun be ashamed,

For the **LORD** of hosts will reign

on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem,

glorious in the sight of the elders.
**Revelation 4:6:**
**Exodus 24:10.**
**Exodus 24:10.** **NABRE:**
**10** and they beheld the God of Israel. Under his feet there appeared to be sapphire tilework, as clear as the sky itself.
**Revelation 4:8:**
**Isaiah 6:2-Isaiah 6:3,** **Revelation 1:4,** **Revelation 1:8,** **Revelation 11:17,** **And** **Revelation 16:5.**
**Isaiah 6:2-3.** **NABRE:**
**2** Seraphim were stationed above; each of them had six wings: with two they covered their faces, with two they covered their feet, and with two they hovered. **3** One cried out to the other:

“Holy, holy, holy is the **LORD** of hosts!

All the earth is filled with his glory!”

**Revelation 1:4.** **NABRE:**
**4** John, to the seven churches in Asia: grace to you and peace from him who is and who was and who is to come, and from the seven spirits before his throne,

**Revelation 1:8.** **NABRE:**
**8** “I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God, “the one who is and who was and who is to come, the almighty.”

**The First Vision.**
**Revelation 11:17.** **NABRE:**
**17** and said:

“We give thanks to you, Lord God almighty,

who are and who were.

For you have assumed your great power

and have established your reign.

**Revelation 16:5.** **NABRE:**
**5** Then I heard the angel in charge of the waters say:

“You are just, O Holy One,

who are and who were,

in passing this sentence.
**Revelation 4:11:**
**Romans 4:17,** **And** **Romans 16:27**
**Romans 4:17.** **NABRE:**
**17** as it is written, “I have made you father of many nations.” He is our father in the sight of God, in whom he believed, who gives life to the dead and calls into being what does not exist.

**Romans 16:27.** **NABRE:**

to the only wise God, through Jesus Christ be glory forever and ever. Amen.]
**Revelation 5:1:**
**Isaiah 29:11.**
**Isaiah 29:11.** **NABRE:**
**11** For you the vision of all this has become like the words of a sealed scroll. When it is handed to one who can read, with the request, “Read this,” the reply is, “I cannot, because it is sealed.”
**Revelation 5:5:**
**Isaiah 11:1,** **Isaiah 11:10,** **And** **Romans 15:12.**
**Isaiah 11:1.** **NABRE:**
**Chapter 11**
**The Ideal Davidic King**
**1** But a shoot shall sprout from the stump of Jesse,

and from his roots a bud shall blossom.

**Isaiah 11:10.** **NABRE:**
**Restoration**
**10** On that day,

The root of Jesse,

set up as a signal for the peoples—

Him the nations will seek out;

his dwelling shall be glorious.

**Romans 15:12.** **NABRE:**
**12** And again Isaiah says:

“The root of Jesse shall come,

raised up to rule the Gentiles;

in him shall the Gentiles hope.”
**Revelation 5:6:**
**John 1:29.**
**John 1:29.** **NABRE:**
**John the Baptist’s Testimony to Jesus.**
**29** The next day he saw Jesus coming toward him and said, “Behold, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world.
**Revelation 5:10:**
**Revelation 1:6,** **Exodus 19:6,** **And** **Isaiah 61:6.**
**Revelation 1:6.** **NABRE:**
**6** who has made us into a kingdom, priests for his God and Father, to him be glory and power forever [and ever]. Amen.

**Exodus 19:6.** **NABRE:**
**6** You will be to me a kingdom of priests, a holy nation. That is what you must tell the Israelites.

**Isaiah 61:6.** **NABRE:**
**6** You yourselves shall be called “Priests of the Lord,”

“Ministers of our God” you shall be called.

You shall eat the wealth of the nations

and in their riches you will boast.
**Revelation 5:11:**
**Daniel 7:10,** **And** **Jude 1:14-Jude 1:15.**
**Daniel 7:10.** **NABRE:**
**10** A river of fire surged forth,

flowing from where he sat;

Thousands upon thousands were ministering to him,

and myriads upon myriads stood before him.

The court was convened, and the books were opened.

**Jude 1: 14-Jude 1:15.** **NABRE:**
**14** Enoch, of the seventh generation from Adam, prophesied also about them when he said, “Behold, the Lord has come with his countless holy ones **15** to execute judgment on all and to convict everyone for all the godless deeds that they committed and for all the harsh words godless sinners have uttered against him.”
**Revelation 6:2:**
**Zechariah 1:8-Zechariah 1:10,** **And** **Zechariah 6:1-Zechariah 6:3.**
**Zechariah 1:8-Zechariah 1:10.** **NABRE:**
**8** I looked out in the night, and there was a man mounted on a red horse standing in the shadows among myrtle trees; and behind him were red, sorrel, and white horses. **9** I asked, “What are these, my lord?” Then the angel who spoke with me answered, “I will show you what these are.” **10** Then the man who was standing among the myrtle trees spoke up and said, “These are the ones whom the **LORD** has sent to patrol the earth.”

**Zechariah 6:1-Zechariah 6:3.** **NABRE:**
**Chapter 6**
**Seventh Vision: Four Chariots.**
**1** Again I raised my eyes and saw four chariots coming out from between two mountains; and the mountains were of bronze. **2** The first chariot had red horses, the second chariot black horses, **3** the third chariot white horses, and the fourth chariot dappled horses—all of them strong horses.
**Revelation 6:4:**
**Ezekiel 21:14-Ezekiel 21:16.**
**Ezekiel 21:14-Ezekiel 21:16.** **NABRE:**
**14** Son of man, prophesy! say: Thus says the **LORD**:

A sword, a sword has been sharpened,

a sword, a sword has been burnished:

**15** Sharpened to make a slaughter,

burnished to flash lightning!

Why should I stop now?

You have rejected the rod and every judgment!

**16** I have given it over to the burnisher

that he might hold it in his hand,

A sword sharpened and burnished

to be put in the hands of an executioner.
**Revelation 6:6:**
**Leviticus 26:26,** **And** **Ezekiel 4:16-Ezekiel 4:17.**
**Leviticus 26:26.** **NABRE:**
**26** When I break your staff of bread, ten women will need but one oven for baking your bread, and they shall dole it out to you by weight; and though you eat, you shall not be satisfied.

**Ezekiel 4:16-Ezekiel 4:17.** **NABRE:**
**16** Then he said to me: Son of man, I am about to break the staff of bread in Jerusalem so they shall eat bread which they have weighed out anxiously and drink water which they have measured out fearfully. **17** Because they lack bread and water they shall be devastated; each and every one will waste away because of their guilt.
**Revelation 6:8:**
**Ezekiel 14:21.**
**Ezekiel 14:21.** **NABRE:**
**21** Thus says the **LORD** God: Even though I send against Jerusalem my four evil punishments—sword, famine, wild beasts, and plague—to cut off from it human being and beast alike,
**Revelation 6:12:**
**Joel 3:4,** **And** **Matthew 24:29**
**Joel 3:4.** **NABRE:**
**4** The sun will darken,

the moon turn blood-red,

Before the day of the **LORD** arrives,

that great and terrible day.

**Matthew 24:29.** **NABRE:**
**The Coming of the Son of Man.**
**29** “Immediately after the tribulation of those days,

the sun will be darkened,

and the moon will not give its light,

and the stars will fall from the sky,

and the powers of the heavens will be shaken.
**Revelation 6:14:**
**Isaiah 34:4,** **And** **Revelation 16:20.**
**Isaiah 34:4.** **NABRE:**
**4** All the host of heaven shall rot;

the heavens shall be rolled up like a scroll.

All their host shall wither away,

as the leaf wilts on the vine,

or as the fig withers on the tree.

**Revelation 16:20.** **NABRE:**
**20** Every island fled, and mountains disappeared.
**Revelation 6:16:**
**Isaiah 2:19,** **Hosea 10:8,** **And** **Luke 23:30.**
**Isaiah 2:19.** **NABRE:**
**19** People will go into caves in the rocks

and into holes in the earth,

At the terror of the **LORD**

and the splendor of his majesty,

as he rises to overawe the earth.

**Hosea 10:8.** **NABRE:**
**8** The high places of Aven will be destroyed,

the sin of Israel;

thorns and thistles will overgrow their altars.

Then they will cry out to the mountains, “Cover us!”

and to the hills, “Fall upon us!”

**Luke 23:30.** **NABRE:**
**30** At that time people will say to the mountains, ‘Fall upon us!’ and to the hills, ‘Cover us!’
**Revelation 7:1:**
**Jeremiah 49:36,** **And** **Zechariah 6:5.**
**Jeremiah 49:36.** **NABRE:**
**36** I will bring upon Elam the four winds

from the four ends of the heavens:

I will scatter them to all these winds, until there is no nation

to which the outcasts of Elam have not gone.

**Zechariah 6:5.** **NABRE:**
**5** The angel answered me, “These are the four winds of the heavens, which are coming forth after presenting themselves before the Lord of all the earth.
**Revelation 7:3:**
**Exodus 12:7-Exodus 12:14,** **Ezekiel 9:4,** **2 Corinthians 1:22,** **Ephesians 1:13,** **And** **Ephesians 4:30.**
**Exodus 12:7-Exodus 12:14.** **NABRE:**
**7** They will take some of its blood and apply it to the two doorposts and the lintel of the houses in which they eat it. **8** They will consume its meat that same night, eating it roasted with unleavened bread and bitter herbs. **9** Do not eat any of it raw or even boiled in water, but roasted, with its head and shanks and inner organs. **10** You must not keep any of it beyond the morning; whatever is left over in the morning must be burned up.

**11** This is how you are to eat it: with your loins girt, sandals on your feet and your staff in hand, you will eat it in a hurry. It is the **LORD**’s Passover. **12** For on this same night I will go through Egypt, striking down every firstborn in the land, human being and beast alike, and executing judgment on all the gods of Egypt—I, the **LORD**! **13** But for you the blood will mark the houses where you are. Seeing the blood, I will pass over you; thereby, when I strike the land of Egypt, no destructive blow will come upon you.

**14** This day will be a day of remembrance for you, which your future generations will celebrate with pilgrimage to the **LORD**; you will celebrate it as a statute forever.

**Ezekiel 9:4.** **NABRE:**
**4** and the **LORD** said to him: Pass through the city, through the midst of Jerusalem, and mark an X on the foreheads of those who grieve and lament over all the abominations practiced within it.

**2 Corinthians 1:22.** **NABRE:**
**22** he has also put his seal upon us and given the Spirit in our hearts as a first installment.

**Ephesians 1:13.** **NABRE:**
**13** In him you also, who have heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation, and have believed in him, were sealed with the promised holy Spirit,

**Ephesians 4:30.** **NABRE:**
**30** And do not grieve the holy Spirit of God, with which you were sealed for the day of redemption.
**Revelation 7:4:**
**Revelation 14:1.**
**Revelation 14:1.** **NABRE:**
**Chapter 14**
**The Lamb’s Companions.**
**1** Then I looked and there was the Lamb standing on Mount Zion, and with him a hundred and forty-four thousand who had his name and his Father’s name written on their foreheads.
**Revelation 7:14:**
**Matthew 24:21.**
**Matthew 24:21.** **NABRE:**
**21** for at that time there will be great tribulation, such as has not been since the beginning of the world until now, nor ever will be.
**Revelation 7:16:**
**Isaiah 49:10.**
**Isaiah 49:10.** **NABRE:**
**10** They shall not hunger or thirst;

nor shall scorching wind or sun strike them;

For he who pities them leads them

and guides them beside springs of water.
**Revelation 7:17:**
**Revelation 21:4,** **And** **Isaiah 25:8.**
**Revelation 21:4.** **NABRE:**
**4** He will wipe every tear from their eyes, and there shall be no more death or mourning, wailing or pain, [for] the old order has passed away.”

**Isaiah 25:8.** **NABRE:**
**8** He will destroy death forever.

The **LORD** God will wipe away

the tears from all faces;

The reproach of his people he will remove

from the whole earth; for the Lord has spoken.
**Revelation 8:1:**
**Hebrews 2:20,** **Zephaniah 1:7,** **And** **Zechariah 2:17.**
**Hebrews 2:20.** **NABRE:**

This verse actually does not exist, as Hebrews 2 has only 18 verses. This could be a possible typo that might refer to any verse in Hebrews Chapter 2 or the Second Chapter of The Epistle Of Hebrews or any other verse in the other chapters of Hebrews that is actually a Cross-Reference to **Revelation 8:1.**
**Zephaniah 1:7.** **NABRE:**
**7** Silence in the presence of the **LORD** God!

for near is the day of the **LORD**,

Yes, the **LORD** has prepared a sacrifice,

he has consecrated his guests.

**Zechariah 2:17.** **NABRE:**
**17** Silence, all people, in the presence of the **LORD**, who stirs forth from his holy dwelling.
**Revelation 8:2:**
**Revelation 4:5,** **And** **Tobit 12:15.**
**Revelation 4:5.** **NABRE:**
**5** From the throne came flashes of lightning, rumblings, and peals of thunder. Seven flaming torches burned in front of the throne, which are the seven spirits of God.

**Tobit 12:15.** **NABRE:**
**15** I am Raphael, one of the seven angels who stand and serve before the Glory of the Lord.”
**Revelation 8:3:**
**Psalms 141:2,** **And** **Tobit 12:12.**
**Psalms 141:2.** **NABRE:**
**2** Let my prayer be incense before you;

my uplifted hands an evening offering.

**Tobit 12:12.** **NABRE:**
**12** Now when you, Tobit, and Sarah prayed, it was I who presented the record of your prayer before the Glory of the Lord; and likewise whenever you used to bury the dead.
**Revelation 8:5:**
**Ezekiel 10:2,** **Psalms 11:6,** **Revelation 4:5,** **Revelation 11:19,** **And** **Revelation 16:18.**
**Ezekiel 10:2.** **NABRE:**
**2** And he said to the man dressed in linen: Go within the wheelwork under the cherubim; fill both your hands with burning coals from the place among the cherubim, then scatter them over the city. As I watched, he entered.

**Psalms 11:6.** **NABRE:**
**6** And rains upon the wicked

fiery coals and brimstone,

a scorching wind their allotted cup.

**Revelation 4:5.** **NABRE:**
**5** From the throne came flashes of lightning, rumblings, and peals of thunder. Seven flaming torches burned in front of the throne, which are the seven spirits of God.

**Revelation 11:19.** **NABRE:**
**19** Then God’s temple in heaven was opened, and the ark of his covenant could be seen in the temple. There were flashes of lightning, rumblings, and peals of thunder, an earthquake, and a violent hailstorm.

**Revelation 16:18.** **NABRE:**
**18** Then there were lightning flashes, rumblings, and peals of thunder, and a great earthquake. It was such a violent earthquake that there has never been one like it since the human race began on earth.
**Revelation 8:6:**
**Revelation 16.**
**Revelation 16.** **NABRE:**

The Verses or Chapters cited would be too long to include in full.

To see them in full, please refer to **The Book of Revelation** **Chapter 16.**
**Revelation 8:8:**
**Exodus 7:20.**
**Exodus 7:20.** **NABRE:**
**20** This, then, is what Moses and Aaron did, exactly as the **LORD** had commanded. Aaron raised his staff and struck the waters in the Nile in full view of Pharaoh and his servants, and all the water in the Nile was changed into blood.
**Revelation 8:10:**
**Isaiah 14:12.**
**Isaiah 14:12.** **NABRE:**
**12** How you have fallen from the heavens,

O Morning Star, son of the dawn!

How you have been cut down to the earth,

you who conquered nations!
**Revelation 8:11:**
**Jeremiah 9:14.**
**Jeremiah 9:14.** **NABRE:**
**14** therefore, thus says the **LORD** of hosts, the God of Israel: See now, I will give this people wormwood to eat and poisoned water to drink.
**Revelation 8:12:**
**Exodus 10:21-Exodus 10:23.**
**Exodus 10:21-Exodus 10:23.** **NABRE:**
**Ninth Plague: The Darkness.**
**21** Then the **LORD** said to Moses: Stretch out your hand toward the sky, that over the land of Egypt there may be such darkness that one can feel it. **22** So Moses stretched out his hand toward the sky, and there was dense darkness throughout the land of Egypt for three days. **23** People could not see one another, nor could they get up from where they were, for three days. But all the Israelites had light where they lived.
**Revelation 9:2:**
**Revelation 20:1.**
**Revelation 20:1.** **NABRE:**
**Chapter 20**
**The Thousand-year Reign.**
**1** Then I saw an angel come down from heaven, holding in his hand the key to the abyss and a heavy chain.
**Revelation 9:2:**
**Genesis 19:28.**
**Genesis 19:28.** **NABRE:**
**28** As he looked down toward Sodom and Gomorrah and the whole region of the Plain, he saw smoke over the land rising like the smoke from a kiln.
**Revelation 9:3:**
**Exodus 10:12-Exodus 10:15,** **And** **Wisdom 16:9.**
**Exodus 10:12-Exodus 10:15.** **NABRE:**
**12** The **LORD** then said to Moses: Stretch out your hand over the land of Egypt for the locusts, that they may come upon it and eat up all the land’s vegetation, whatever the hail has left. **13** So Moses stretched out his staff over the land of Egypt, and the **LORD** drove an east wind over the land all that day and all night. When it was morning, the east wind brought the locusts. **14** The locusts came up over the whole land of Egypt and settled down over all its territory. Never before had there been such a fierce swarm of locusts, nor will there ever be again. **15** They covered the surface of the whole land, so that it became black. They ate up all the vegetation in the land and all the fruit of the trees the hail had spared. Nothing green was left on any tree or plant in the fields throughout the land of Egypt.

**Wisdom 16:9.** **NABRE:**
**9** For the bites of locusts and of flies slew them,

and no remedy was found to save their lives

because they deserved to be punished by such means;
**Revelation 9:6:**
**Job 3:21.**
**Job 3:21.** **NABRE:**
**21** They wait for death and it does not come;

they search for it more than for hidden treasures.
**Revelation 9:7:**
**Joel 2:4.**
**Joel 2:4.** **NABRE:**
**4** Their appearance is that of horses;

like war horses they run.
**Revelation 9:8:**
**Joel 1:6.**
**Joel 1:6.** **NABRE:**
**6** For a nation invaded my land,

powerful and past counting,

With teeth like a lion’s,

fangs like those of a lioness.
**Revelation 9:13:**
**Exodus 30:1-Exodus 30:3.**
**Exodus 30:1-Exodus 30:3.** **NABRE:**
**Chapter 30**
**Altar of Incense.**
**1** For burning incense you shall make an altar of acacia wood, **2** with a square surface, a cubit long, a cubit wide, and two cubits high, with horns that are of one piece with it. **3** Its grate on top, its walls on all four sides, and its horns you shall plate with pure gold. Put a gold molding around it.
**Revelation 9:17:**
**Job 41:10-Job 41:13.**
**Job 41:10-Job 41:13.** **NABRE:**
**10** When he sneezes, light flashes forth;

his eyes are like the eyelids of the dawn.

**11** Out of his mouth go forth torches;

sparks of fire leap forth.

**12** From his nostrils comes smoke

as from a seething pot or bowl.

**13** His breath sets coals afire;

a flame comes from his mouth.
**Revelation 9:20:**
**Psalms 135:15-Psalm 135:17,** **Isaiah 17:8,** **And** **Daniel 5:4.**
**Psalms 135:15-Psalm 135:17.** **NABRE:**
**IV**
**15** The idols of the nations are silver and gold,

the work of human hands.

**16** They have mouths but do not speak;

they have eyes but do not see;

**17** They have ears but do not hear;

nor is there breath in their mouths.

**Isaiah 17:8.** **NABRE:**
**8** They shall not turn to the altars, the work of their hands,

nor shall they look to what their fingers have made:

the asherahs or the incense stands.

**Daniel 5:4.** **NABRE:**
**4** wine from them, they praised their gods of gold and silver, bronze and iron, wood and stone.
**Revelation 10:3:**
**Psalms 29:3-Psalms 29:9,** **Jeremiah 25:30,** **And** **Amos 3:8.**
**Psalms 29:3-Psalms 29:9.** **NABRE:**
**II**
**3** The voice of the **LORD** is over the waters;

the God of glory thunders,

the **LORD**, over the mighty waters.

**4** The voice of the **LORD** is power;

the voice of the **LORD** is splendor.

**5** The voice of the **LORD** cracks the cedars;

the **LORD** splinters the cedars of Lebanon,

**6** Makes Lebanon leap like a calf,

and Sirion like a young bull.

**7** The voice of the **LORD** strikes with fiery flame;

**8** the voice of the **LORD** shakes the desert;

the **LORD** shakes the desert of Kadesh.

**9** The voice of the **LORD** makes the deer dance

and strips the forests bare.

All in his Temple say, “Glory!”

**Jeremiah 25:30.** **NABRE:**
**30** As for you, prophesy against them all these words and say to them:

The **LORD** roars from on high,

from his holy dwelling he raises his voice;

Mightily he roars over his sheepfold,

a shout like that of vintagers echoes

over all the inhabitants of the earth.

**Amos 3:8.** **NABRE:**
**8** The lion has roared,

who would not fear?

The **LORD** God has spoken,

who would not prophesy?
**Revelation 10:6:**
**Deuteronomy 32:40,** **Daniel 12:7,** **And** **Ezekiel 12:28.**
**Deuteronomy 32:40.** **NABRE:**
**40** For I raise my hand to the heavens

and will say: As surely as I live forever,

**Daniel 12:7.** **NABRE:**
**7** The man clothed in linen, who was upstream, lifted his hands to heaven; and I heard him swear by him who lives forever that it should be for a time, two times, and half a time; and that, when the power of the destroyer of the holy people was brought to an end, all these things should end.

**Ezekiel 12:28.** **NABRE:**
**28** Say to them therefore: Thus says the **LORD** **GOD**: None of my words shall be delayed any longer. Whatever I say is final; it shall be done—oracle of the **LORD** **GOD**.
**Revelation 10:7:**
**Amos 3:7.**
**Amos 3:7.** **NABRE:**
**7** (Indeed, the **LORD** God does nothing without revealing his plan to his servants the prophets.)
**Revelation 10:10:**
**Ezekiel 3:1-Ezekiel 3:3.**
**Ezekiel 3:1-Ezekiel 3:3.** **NABRE:**
**Chapter 3**
**1** He said to me: Son of man, eat what you find here: eat this scroll, then go, speak to the house of Israel. **2** So I opened my mouth, and he gave me the scroll to eat. **3** Son of man, he said to me, feed your stomach and fill your belly with this scroll I am giving you. I ate it, and it was as sweet as honey in my mouth.
**Revelation 11:1:**
**Ezekiel 40:3-Ezekiel 40:5,** **And** **Zechariah 2:5-Zechariah 2:9.**
**Ezekiel 40:3-Ezekiel 40:5.** **NABRE:**
**3** He brought me there, and there standing in the gateway was a man whose appearance was like bronze! He held in his hand a linen cord and a measuring rod. **4** The man said to me, “Son of man, look carefully and listen intently. Pay strict attention to everything I show you, for you have been brought here so that I might show it to you. Then you must tell the house of Israel everything you see.” **5** There an outer wall completely surrounded the temple. The measuring rod in the man’s hand was six cubits long, each cubit being a cubit plus a handbreadth; he measured the width of the structure, one rod, and its height, one rod.

**The East Gate.**
**Zechariah 2:5-Zechariah 2:9.** **NABRE:**
**Third Vision: The Man with the Measuring Cord.**
**5** I raised my eyes and looked, and there was a man with a measuring cord in his hand. **6** I asked, “Where are you going?” And he said, “To measure Jerusalem—to see how great its width is and how great its length.”

**7** Then the angel who spoke with me advanced as another angel came out to meet him **8** and he said to the latter, “Run, speak to that official: Jerusalem will be unwalled, because of the abundance of people and beasts in its midst. **9** I will be an encircling wall of fire for it—oracle of the **LORD**—and I will be the glory in its midst.”
**Revelation 11:4:**
**Zechariah 4:3,** **And** **Zechariah 4:14.**
**Zechariah 4:3.** **NABRE:**
**3** And beside it are two olive trees, one on the right of the bowl and one to its left.”

**Zechariah 4:14.** **NABRE:**
**14** Then he said, “These are the two anointed ones who stand by the **LORD** of the whole earth.”
**Revelation 11:6:**
**Exodus 7:17.**
**Exodus 7:17.** **NABRE:**
**17** Thus says the **LORD**: This is how you will know that I am the **LORD**. With the staff here in my hand, I will strike the water in the Nile and it will be changed into blood.
**Revelation 11:7:**
**Daniel 7:21.**
**Daniel 7:21.** **NABRE:**
**21** For, as I watched, that horn made war against the holy ones and was victorious
**Revelation 11:11:**
**Ezekiel 37:5,** **And** **Ezekiel 37:10.**
**Ezekiel 37:5.** **NABRE:**
**5** Thus says the **LORD** God to these bones: Listen! I will make breath enter you so you may come to life.

**Ezekiel 37:10.** **NABRE:**
**10** I prophesied as he commanded me, and the breath entered them; they came to life and stood on their feet, a vast army.
**Revelation 11:12:**
**2 Kings 2:11.**
**2 Kings 2:11.** **NABRE:**
**11** As they walked on still conversing, a fiery chariot and fiery horses came between the two of them, and Elijah went up to heaven in a whirlwind,
**Revelation 11:18:**
**Psalms 2:1,** **Psalms 2:5,** **And** **Amos 3:7.**
**Psalms 2:1.** **NABRE:**
**Psalms 2**
**A Psalm for a Royal Coronation**
**1** Why do the nations protest

and the peoples conspire in vain?

**Psalms 2:5.** **NABRE:**
**5** Then he speaks to them in his anger,

in his wrath he terrifies them:

**Amos 3:7.** **NABRE:**
**7** (Indeed, the **LORD** God does nothing without revealing his plan to his servants the prophets.)
**Revelation 12:1:**
**Genesis 37:9.**
**Genesis 37:9.** **NABRE:**
**9** Then he had another dream, and told it to his brothers. “Look, I had another dream,” he said; “this time, the sun and the moon and eleven stars were bowing down to me.”
**Revelation 12:3:**
**Daniel 7:7.**
**Daniel 7:7.** **NABRE:**
**7** After this, in the visions of the night I saw a fourth beast, terrifying, horrible, and of extraordinary strength; it had great iron teeth with which it devoured and crushed, and it trampled with its feet what was left. It differed from the beasts that preceded it. It had ten horns.
**Revelation 12:4:**
**Daniel 8:10.**
**Daniel 8:10.** **NABRE:**
**10** It grew even to the host of heaven, so that it cast down to earth some of the host and some of the stars and trampled on them.
**Revelation 12:5:**
**Isaiah 66:7,** **And** **Psalms 2:9.**
**Isaiah 66:7.** **NABRE:**
**Blessings of Prosperity and Consolation**
**7** Before she is in labor,

she gives birth;

Before her pangs come upon her,

she delivers a male child.

**Psalms 2:9.** **NABRE:**
**9** With an iron rod you will shepherd them,

like a potter’s vessel you will shatter them.”
**Revelation 12:9:**
**Genesis 3:1-Genesis 3:4,** **And** **Luke 10:18.**
**Genesis 3:1-Genesis 3:4.** **NABRE:**
**Chapter 3**
**Expulsion from Eden.**
**1** Now the snake was the most cunning of all the wild animals that the **LORD** God had made. He asked the woman, “Did God really say, ‘You shall not eat from any of the trees in the garden’?” **2** The woman answered the snake: “We may eat of the fruit of the trees in the garden; **3** it is only about the fruit of the tree in the middle of the garden that God said, ‘You shall not eat it or even touch it, or else you will die.’” 4 But the snake said to the woman: “You certainly will not die!

**Luke 10:18.** **NABRE:**
**18** Jesus said, “I have observed Satan fall like lightning from the sky.
**Revelation 12:13:**
**Genesis 3:15.**
**Genesis 3:15.** **NABRE:**
**15** I will put enmity between you and the woman,

and between your offspring and hers;

They will strike at your head,

while you strike at their heel.
**Revelation 12:14:**
**Exodus 19:4,** **Daniel 7:25,** **And** **Daniel 12:7**
**Exodus 19:4.** **NABRE:**
**4** You have seen how I treated the Egyptians and how I bore you up on eagles’ wings and brought you to myself.

**Daniel 7:25.** **NABRE:**
**25** He shall speak against the Most High

and wear down the holy ones of the Most High,

intending to change the feast days and the law.

They shall be handed over to him

for a time, two times, and half a time.

**Daniel 12:7.** **NABRE:**
**7** The man clothed in linen, who was upstream, lifted his hands to heaven; and I heard him swear by him who lives forever that it should be for a time, two times, and half a time; and that, when the power of the destroyer of the holy people was brought to an end, all these things should end.
**Revelation 12:17:**
**Genesis 3:15.**
**Genesis 3:15.** **NABRE:**
**15** I will put enmity between you and the woman,

and between your offspring and hers;

They will strike at your head,

while you strike at their heel.
**Revelation 13:1:**
**2 Thessalonians 2:3-2 Thessalonians 2:12.**
**2 Thessalonians 2:3-2 Thessalonians 2:12.** **NABRE:**
**3** Let no one deceive you in any way. For unless the apostasy comes first and the lawless one is revealed, the one doomed to perdition, **4** who opposes and exalts himself above every so-called god and object of worship, so as to seat himself in the temple of God, claiming that he is a god— **5** do you not recall that while I was still with you I told you these things? **6** And now you know what is restraining, that he may be revealed in his time. **7** For the mystery of lawlessness is already at work. But the one who restrains is to do so only for the present, until he is removed from the scene. **8** And then the lawless one will be revealed, whom the Lord [Jesus] will kill with the breath of his mouth and render powerless by the manifestation of his coming, **9** the one whose coming springs from the power of Satan in every mighty deed and in signs and wonders that lie, **10** and in every wicked deceit for those who are perishing because they have not accepted the love of truth so that they may be saved. **11** Therefore, God is sending them a deceiving power so that they may believe the lie, **12** that all who have not believed the truth but have approved wrongdoing may be condemned.
**Revelation 13:2:**
**Daniel 7:3-Daniel 7:6.**
**Daniel 7:3-Daniel 7:6.** **NABRE:**
**3** from which emerged four immense beasts, each different from the others. **4** The first was like a lion, but with eagle’s wings. While I watched, the wings were plucked; it was raised from the ground to stand on two feet like a human being, and given a human mind. **5** The second beast was like a bear; it was raised up on one side, and among the teeth in its mouth were three tusks. It was given the order, “Arise, devour much flesh.” **6** After this I looked and saw another beast, like a leopard; on its back were four wings like those of a bird, and it had four heads. To this beast dominion was given.
**Revelation 13:5:**
**Daniel 7:8,** **Daniel 7:11,** **Daniel 7:25,** **Daniel 8:14,** **Daniel 9:27,** **Daniel 11:36,** **And** **Daniel 12:7.**
**Daniel 7:8.** **NABRE:**
**8** I was considering the ten horns it had, when suddenly another, a little horn, sprang out of their midst, and three of the previous horns were torn away to make room for it. This horn had eyes like human eyes, and a mouth that spoke arrogantly.

**Daniel 7:11.** **NABRE:**
**11** I watched, then, from the first of the arrogant words which the horn spoke, until the beast was slain and its body destroyed and thrown into the burning fire.

**Daniel 7:25.** **NABRE:**
**25** He shall speak against the Most High

and wear down the holy ones of the Most High,

intending to change the feast days and the law.

They shall be handed over to him

for a time, two times, and half a time.

**Daniel 8:14.** **NABRE:**
**14** He answered him, “For two thousand three hundred evenings and mornings; then the sanctuary shall be set right.”

**Daniel 9:27.** **NABRE:**
**27** For one week he shall make

a firm covenant with the many;

Half the week

he shall abolish sacrifice and offering;

In their place shall be the desolating abomination

until the ruin that is decreed

is poured out upon the desolator.”

**Daniel 11:36.** **NABRE:**
**36** “The king shall do as he wills, exalting himself and making himself greater than any god; he shall utter dreadful blasphemies against the God of gods. He shall prosper only till the wrath is finished, for what is determined must take place.

**Daniel 12:7.** **NABRE:**
**7** The man clothed in linen, who was upstream, lifted his hands to heaven; and I heard him swear by him who lives forever that it should be for a time, two times, and half a time; and that, when the power of the destroyer of the holy people was brought to an end, all these things should end.
**Revelation 13:7:**
**Daniel 7:21.**
**Daniel 7:21.** **NABRE:**
**21** For, as I watched, that horn made war against the holy ones and was victorious
**Revelation 13:8:**
**Revelation 3:5,** **Revelation 17:8,** **And** **Revelation 20:12.**
**Revelation 3:5.** **NABRE:**

5 “‘“The victor will thus be dressed in white, and I will never erase his name from the book of life but will acknowledge his name in the presence of my Father and of his angels.

**Revelation 17:8.** **NABRE:**
**8** The beast that you saw existed once but now exists no longer. It will come up from the abyss and is headed for destruction. The inhabitants of the earth whose names have not been written in the book of life from the foundation of the world shall be amazed when they see the beast, because it existed once but exists no longer, and yet it will come again.

**Revelation 20:12.** **NABRE:**
**12** I saw the dead, the great and the lowly, standing before the throne, and scrolls were opened. Then another scroll was opened, the book of life. The dead were judged according to their deeds, by what was written in the scrolls.
**Revelation 13:9:**
**Matthew 13:9.**
**Matthew 13:9.** **NABRE:**
**9** Whoever has ears ought to hear.”
**Revelation 13:10:**
**Jeremiah 15:2.**
**Jeremiah 15:2.** **NABRE:**
**2** If they ask you, “Where should we go?” tell them, Thus says the **LORD**: Whoever is marked for death, to death; whoever is marked for the sword, to the sword; whoever is marked for famine, to famine; whoever is marked for captivity, to captivity.
**Revelation 13:13:**
**Deuteronomy 13:2-Deuteronomy 13:4,** **Matthew 24:24,** **And** **2 Thessalonians 2:9-2 Thessalonians 2:10.**
**Deuteronomy 13:2-Deuteronomy 13:4.** **NABRE:**
**2** If there arises in your midst a prophet or a dreamer who promises you a sign or wonder, **3** saying, “Let us go after other gods,” whom you have not known, “and let us serve them,” and the sign or wonder foretold to you comes to pass, **4** do not listen to the words of that prophet or that dreamer; for the **LORD**, your God, is testing you to know whether you really love the **LORD**, your God, with all your heart and soul.

**Matthew 24:24.** **NABRE:**
**24** False messiahs and false prophets will arise, and they will perform signs and wonders so great as to deceive, if that were possible, even the elect.

**2 Thessalonians 2:9-2 Thessalonians 2:10.** **NABRE:**
**9** the one whose coming springs from the power of Satan in every mighty deed and in signs and wonders that lie, **10** and in every wicked deceit for those who are perishing because they have not accepted the love of truth so that they may be saved.
**Revelation 13:15:**
**Daniel 3:5-Daniel 3:7,** **And** **Daniel 3:15.**
**Daniel 3:5-Daniel 3:7.** **NABRE:**
**5** when you hear the sound of the horn, pipe, zither, dulcimer, harp, double-flute, and all the other musical instruments, you must fall down and worship the golden statue which King Nebuchadnezzar has set up. **6** Whoever does not fall down and worship shall be instantly cast into a white-hot furnace.” **7** Therefore, as soon as they heard the sound of the horn, pipe, zither, dulcimer, harp, double-flute, and all the other musical instruments, the nations and peoples of every language all fell down and worshiped the golden statue which King Nebuchadnezzar had set up.

**Daniel 3:15.** **NABRE:**
**15** Now, if you are ready to fall down and worship the statue I made, whenever you hear the sound of the horn, pipe, zither, dulcimer, harp, double-flute, and all the other musical instruments, then all will be well; if not, you shall be instantly cast into the white-hot furnace; and who is the God who can deliver you out of my hands?”
**Revelation 13:16:**
**Revelation 14:9,** **Revelation 16:2,** **Revelation 19:20,** **And** **Revelation 20:4.**
**Revelation 14:9.** **NABRE:**
**9** A third angel followed them and said in a loud voice, “Anyone who worships the beast or its image, or accepts its mark on forehead or hand,

**Revelation 16:2.** **NABRE:**
**2** The first angel went and poured out his bowl on the earth. Festering and ugly sores broke out on those who had the mark of the beast or worshiped its image.

**Revelation 19:20.** **NABRE:**
**20** The beast was caught and with it the false prophet who had performed in its sight the signs by which he led astray those who had accepted the mark of the beast and those who had worshiped its image. The two were thrown alive into the fiery pool burning with sulfur.

**Revelation 20:4.** **NABRE:**
**4** Then I saw thrones; those who sat on them were entrusted with judgment. I also saw the souls of those who had been beheaded for their witness to Jesus and for the word of God, and who had not worshiped the beast or its image nor had accepted its mark on their foreheads or hands. They came to life and they reigned with Christ for a thousand years.
**Revelation 13:18:**
**Revelation 17:9.**
**Revelation 17:9.** **NABRE:**
**9** Here is a clue for one who has wisdom. The seven heads represent seven hills upon which the woman sits. They also represent seven kings:
**Revelation 14:1:**
**Joel 3:5,** **Obadiah 1:17,** **And** **Acts 2:21.**
**Joel 3:5.** **NABRE:**
**5** Then everyone who calls upon the name of the **LORD**

will escape harm.

For on Mount Zion there will be a remnant,

as the **LORD** has said,

And in Jerusalem survivors

whom the **LORD** will summon.

**Obadiah 1:17.** **NABRE:**
**17** But on Mount Zion there will be some who escape;

the mountain will be holy,

And the house of Jacob will take possession

of those who dispossessed them.

**Acts 2:21.** **NABRE:**
**21** and it shall be that everyone shall be saved who calls on the name of the Lord.’
**Revelation 14:3:**
**Psalms 33:3,** **Psalms 96:1,** **Psalms 98:1,** **And** **Isaiah 42:10.**
**Psalms 33:3.** **NABRE:**
**3** Sing to him a new song;

skillfully play with joyful chant.

**Psalms 96:1.** **NABRE:**
**Psalms 96**
**God of the Universe**
**I**
**1** Sing to the **LORD** a new song;

sing to the **LORD**, all the earth.

**Psalms 98:1.** **NABRE:**
**Psalms 98**
**The Coming of God**
**1** A psalm.

**I**

Sing a new song to the **LORD**,

for he has done marvelous deeds.

His right hand and holy arm

have won the victory.

**Isaiah 42:10.** **NABRE:**
**The Lord’s Purpose for Israel**
**10** Sing to the **LORD** a new song,

his praise from the ends of the earth:

Let the sea and what fills it resound,

the coastlands, and those who dwell in them.
**Revelation 14:4:**
**Jeremiah 2:2,** **And** **James 1:18.**
**Jeremiah 2:2.** **NABRE:**
**2** Go, cry out this message for Jerusalem to hear!

I remember the devotion of your youth,

how you loved me as a bride,

Following me in the wilderness,

in a land unsown.

**James 1:18.** **NABRE:**
**18** He willed to give us birth by the word of truth that we may be a kind of firstfruits of his creatures.
**Revelation 14:5:**
**Zephaniah 3:13.**
**Zephaniah 3:13.** **NABRE:**
**13** the remnant of Israel.

They shall do no wrong

and speak no lies;

Nor shall there be found in their mouths

a deceitful tongue;

They shall pasture and lie down

with none to disturb them.
**Revelation 14:7:**
**Revelation 2:10,** **And** **Matthew 10:28.**
**Revelation 2:10.** **NABRE:**
**10** Do not be afraid of anything that you are going to suffer. Indeed, the devil will throw some of you into prison, that you may be tested, and you will face an ordeal for ten days. Remain faithful until death, and I will give you the crown of life.

**Matthew 10:28.** **NABRE:**
**28** And do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul; rather, be afraid of the one who can destroy both soul and body in Gehenna.
**Revelation 14:8:**
**Revelation 18:2-Revelation 18:3,** **Isaiah 21:9,** **Jeremiah 51:8,** **Isaiah 51:17,** **And** **Jeremiah 25:15-Jeremiah 25:17.**
**Revelation 18:2-Revelation 18:3.** **NABRE:**
**2** He cried out in a mighty voice:

“Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great.

She has become a haunt for demons.

She is a cage for every unclean spirit,

a cage for every unclean bird,

[a cage for every unclean] and disgusting [beast].

**3** For all the nations have drunk

the wine of her licentious passion.

The kings of the earth had intercourse with her,

and the merchants of the earth grew rich from her drive for luxury.”

**Isaiah 21:9.** **NABRE:**
**9** Here he comes—

a single chariot,

a pair of horses—

He calls out and says,

‘Fallen, fallen is Babylon!

All the images of her gods

are smashed to the ground!’”

**Jeremiah 51:8.** **NABRE:**
**8** Babylon suddenly falls and is broken:

wail over her!

Bring balm for her wounds,

in case she can be healed.

**Isaiah 51:17.** **NABRE:**
**The Cup of the Lord:**
**17** Wake up, wake up!

Arise, Jerusalem,

You who drank at the **LORD**’s hand

the cup of his wrath;

Who drained to the dregs

the bowl of staggering!

**Jeremiah 25:15-Jeremiah 25:17.** **NABRE:**
**The Cup of Judgment on the Nations.**
**15** For thus said the **LORD**, the God of Israel, to me: Take this cup of the wine of wrath from my hand and have all the nations to whom I will send you drink it. **16** They shall drink, and retch, and go mad, because of the sword I will send among them. **17** I took the cup from the hand of the **LORD** and gave it as drink to all the nations to whom the **LORD** sent me:
**Revelation 14:11:**
**Revelation 19:3.**
**Revelation 19:3.** **NABRE:**
**3** They said a second time:

“Alleluia! Smoke will rise from her forever and ever.”
**Revelation 14:12:**
**Revelation 12:17.**
**Revelation 12:17.** **NABRE:**
**17** Then the dragon became angry with the woman and went off to wage war against the rest of her offspring, those who keep God’s commandments and bear witness to Jesus.
**Revelation 14:13:**
**Matthew 11:28-Matthew 11:29,** **2 Thessalonians 1:7,** **And** **Hebrews 4:10.**
**Matthew 11:28-Matthew 11:29.** **NABRE:**
**The Gentle Mastery of Christ.**
**28** “Come to me, all you who labor and are burdened, and I will give you rest. **29** Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I am meek and humble of heart; and you will find rest for yourselves.

**2 Thessalonians 1:7.** **NABRE:**
**7** and to grant rest along with us to you who are undergoing afflictions, at the revelation of the Lord Jesus from heaven with his mighty angels,

**Hebrews 4:10.** **NABRE:**
**10** And whoever enters into God’s rest, rests from his own works as God did from his.
**Revelation 14:14:**
**Revelation 1:7,** **And** **Daniel 7:13.**
**Revelation 1:7.** **NABRE:**
**7** Behold, he is coming amid the clouds,

and every eye will see him,

even those who pierced him.

All the peoples of the earth will lament him.

Yes. Amen.

**Daniel 7:13.** **NABRE:**
**13** As the visions during the night continued, I saw coming with the clouds of heaven

One like a son of man.

When he reached the Ancient of Days

and was presented before him,
**Revelation 14:15:**
**Joel 4:13,** **And** **Matthew 13:36-Matthew 13:43**
**Joel 4:13.** **NABRE:**
**13** Wield the sickle,

for the harvest is ripe;

Come and tread,

for the wine press is full;

The vats overflow,

for their crimes are numerous.

**Matthew 13:36-Matthew 13:43.** **NABRE:**
**The Explanation of the Parable of the Weeds.**
**36** Then, dismissing the crowds, he went into the house. His disciples approached him and said, “Explain to us the parable of the weeds in the field.” **37** He said in reply, “He who sows good seed is the Son of Man, **38** the field is the world, the good seed the children of the kingdom. The weeds are the children of the evil one, **39** and the enemy who sows them is the devil. The harvest is the end of the age, and the harvesters are angels. **40** Just as weeds are collected and burned [up] with fire, so will it be at the end of the age. **41** The Son of Man will send his angels, and they will collect out of his kingdom all who cause others to sin and all evildoers. **42** They will throw them into the fiery furnace, where there will be wailing and grinding of teeth. **43** Then the righteous will shine like the sun in the kingdom of their Father. Whoever has ears ought to hear.
**Revelation 14:19:**
**Revelation 19:15,** **And** **Isaiah 63:1-Isaiah 63:6**
**Revelation 19:15.** **NABRE:**
**15** Out of his mouth came a sharp sword to strike the nations. He will rule them with an iron rod, and he himself will tread out in the wine press the wine of the fury and wrath of God the almighty.

**Isaiah 63:1-Isaiah 63:6.** **NABRE:**
**Chapter 63**
**The Divine Warrior**
**1** Who is this that comes from Edom,

in crimsoned garments, from Bozrah?

Who is this, glorious in his apparel,

striding in the greatness of his strength?

“It is I, I who announce vindication,

mighty to save.”

**2** Why is your apparel red,

and your garments like one who treads the wine press?

**3** “The wine press I have trodden alone,

and from the peoples no one was with me.

I trod them in my anger,

and trampled them down in my wrath;

Their blood spurted on my garments,

all my apparel I stained.

**4** For a day of vindication was in my heart,

my year for redeeming had come.

**5** I looked about, but there was no one to help,

I was appalled that there was no one to lend support;

So my own arm brought me victory

and my own wrath lent me support.

**6** I trampled down the peoples in my anger,

I made them drunk in my wrath,

and I poured out their blood upon the ground.”
**Revelation 15:2:**
**Revelation 7:9,** **Revelation 7:14,** **And** **Revelation 13:15-Revelation 13:18.**
**Revelation 7:9.** **NABRE:**
**Triumph of the Elect.**
**9** After this I had a vision of a great multitude, which no one could count, from every nation, race, people, and tongue. They stood before the throne and before the Lamb, wearing white robes and holding palm branches in their hands.

**Revelation 7:14.** **NABRE:**
**14** I said to him, “My lord, you are the one who knows.” He said to me, “These are the ones who have survived the time of great distress; they have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb.

**Revelation 13:15-Revelation 13:18. NABRE:**
**15** It was then permitted to breathe life into the beast’s image, so that the beast’s image could speak and [could] have anyone who did not worship it put to death. **16** It forced all the people, small and great, rich and poor, free and slave, to be given a stamped image on their right hands or their foreheads, **17** so that no one could buy or sell except one who had the stamped image of the beast’s name or the number that stood for its name.

**18** Wisdom is needed here; one who understands can calculate the number of the beast, for it is a number that stands for a person. His number is six hundred and sixty-six.
**Revelation 15:3:**
**Psalms 92:6,** **Psalms 98:1,** **Deuteronomy 32:4,** **And** **Psalms 145:17.**
**Psalms 92:6.** **NABRE:**
**II**
**6** How great are your works, **LORD**!

How profound your designs!

**Psalms 98:1.** **NABRE:**
**Psalms 98**
**The Coming of God**
**1** A psalm.

**I**

Sing a new song to the **LORD**,

for he has done marvelous deeds.

His right hand and holy arm

have won the victory.

**Deuteronomy 32:4.** **NABRE:**
**4** The Rock—how faultless are his deeds,

how right all his ways!

A faithful God, without deceit,

just and upright is he!

**Psalm 145:17.** **NABRE:**
**17** The **LORD** is just in all his ways,

merciful in all his works.
**Revelation 15:4:**
**Psalms 86:9-Psalms 86:10,** **And** **Jeremiah 10:7.**
**Psalms 86:9-Psalm 86:10.** **NABRE:**
**9** All the nations you have made shall come

to bow before you, **LORD**,

and give honor to your name.

**10** For you are great and do wondrous deeds;

and you alone are God.

**Jeremiah 10:7.** **NABRE:**
**7** Who would not fear you,

King of the nations,

for it is your due!

Among all the wisest of the nations,

and in all their domains,

there is none like you.
**Revelation 15:6:**
**Revelation 19:8.**
**Revelation 19:8.** **NABRE:**
**8** She was allowed to wear

a bright, clean linen garment.”

(The linen represents the righteous deeds of the holy ones.)
**Revelation 15:8:**
**1 Kings 8:10,** **And** **Isaiah 6:4.**
**1 Kings 8:10.** **NABRE:**
**10** When the priests left the holy place, the cloud filled the house of the **LORD**
**Isaiah 6:4.** **NABRE:**
**4** At the sound of that cry, the frame of the door shook and the house was filled with smoke.
**Revelation 16:4:**
**Exodus 7:14-Exodus 7:24.**
**Exodus 7:14-Exodus 7:24.** **NABRE:**
**14** Then the **LORD** said to Moses: Pharaoh is obstinate in refusing to let the people go. **15** In the morning, just when he sets out for the water, go to Pharaoh and present yourself by the bank of the Nile, holding in your hand the staff that turned into a snake. **16** Say to him: The **LORD**, the God of the Hebrews, sent me to you with the message: Let my people go to serve me in the wilderness. But as yet you have not listened. **17** Thus says the **LORD**: This is how you will know that I am the **LORD**. With the staff here in my hand, I will strike the water in the Nile and it will be changed into blood. **18** The fish in the Nile will die, and the Nile itself will stink so that the Egyptians will be unable to drink water from the Nile.

**19** The **LORD** then spoke to Moses: Speak to Aaron: Take your staff and stretch out your hand over the waters of Egypt—its streams, its canals, its ponds, and all its supplies of water—that they may become blood. There will be blood throughout the land of Egypt, even in the wooden pails and stone jars.

**20** This, then, is what Moses and Aaron did, exactly as the **LORD** had commanded. Aaron raised his staff and struck the waters in the Nile in full view of Pharaoh and his servants, and all the water in the Nile was changed into blood. **21** The fish in the Nile died, and the Nile itself stank so that the Egyptians could not drink water from it. There was blood throughout the land of Egypt. **22** But the Egyptian magicians did the same by their magic arts. So Pharaoh hardened his heart and would not listen to them, just as the **LORD** had said. **23** Pharaoh turned away and went into his house, with no concern even for this. **24** All the Egyptians had to dig round about the Nile for drinking water, since they could not drink any water from the Nile.
**Revelation 16:5:**
**Revelation 1:4.**
**Revelation 1:4.** **NABRE:**
**4** John, to the seven churches in Asia: grace to you and peace from him who is and who was and who is to come, and from the seven spirits before his throne,
**Revelation 16:6:**
**Ezekiel 35:6,** **And** **Matthew 23:34-Matthew 23:35.**
**Ezekiel 35:6.** **NABRE:**
**6** therefore, as I live—oracle of the **LORD** God—you are guilty of blood, and blood, I swear, shall pursue you.

**Matthew 23:34-Matthew 23:35.** **NABRE:**
**34** Therefore, behold, I send to you prophets and wise men and scribes; some of them you will kill and crucify, some of them you will scourge in your synagogues and pursue from town to town, **35** so that there may come upon you all the righteous blood shed upon earth, from the righteous blood of Abel to the blood of Zechariah, the son of Barachiah, whom you murdered between the sanctuary and the altar.
**Revelation 16:7:**
**Daniel 3:27,** **And** **Tobit 3:2.**
**Daniel 3:27.** **NABRE:**
**27** For you are just in all you have done;

all your deeds are faultless, all your ways right,

and all your judgments proper.

**Tobit 3:2.** **NABRE:**
**Tobit’s Prayer for Death**
**2** “You are righteous, Lord,

and all your deeds are just;

All your ways are mercy and fidelity;

you are judge of the world.
**Revelation 16:9:**
**Amos 4:6.**
**Amos 4:6.** **NABRE:**
**6** Though I made your teeth

clean of food in all your cities,

and made bread scarce in all your dwellings,

Yet you did not return to me—

oracle of the **LORD**.
**Revelation 16:10:**
**Exodus 10:21-Exodus 10:23.**
**Exodus 10:21-Exodus 10:23.** **NABRE:**
**Ninth Plague: The Darkness.**
**21** Then the **LORD** said to Moses: Stretch out your hand toward the sky, that over the land of Egypt there may be such darkness that one can feel it. **22** So Moses stretched out his hand toward the sky, and there was dense darkness throughout the land of Egypt for three days. **23** People could not see one another, nor could they get up from where they were, for three days. But all the Israelites had light where they lived.
**Revelation 16:11:**
**Exodus 9:8-Exodus 9:11,** **And** **Jeremiah 5:3.**
**Exodus 9:8-Exodus 9:11.** **NABRE:**
**Sixth Plague: The Boils.**
**8** So the **LORD** said to Moses and Aaron: Each of you take handfuls of soot from a kiln, and in the presence of Pharaoh let Moses scatter it toward the sky. **9** It will turn into fine dust over the whole land of Egypt and cause festering boils on human being and beast alike throughout the land of Egypt.

**10** So they took the soot from a kiln and appeared before Pharaoh. When Moses scattered it toward the sky, it caused festering boils on human being and beast alike. **11** Because of the boils the magicians could not stand in Moses’ presence, for there were boils on the magicians as well as on the rest of the Egyptians.

**Jeremiah 5:3.** **NABRE:**
**3** **LORD**, do your eyes not search for honesty?

You struck them, but they did not flinch;

you laid them low, but they refused correction;

They set their faces harder than stone,

and refused to return.
**Revelation 16:13:**
**Exodus 8:2-Exodus 8:3.**
**Exodus 8:2-Exodus 8:3.** **NABRE:**
**2** So Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt, and the frogs came up and covered the land of Egypt. **3** But the magicians did the same by their magic arts and made frogs overrun the land of Egypt.
**Revelation 16:14:**
**1 Corinthians 1:8.**
**1 Corinthians 1:8.** **NABRE:**
**8** He will keep you firm to the end, irreproachable on the day of our Lord Jesus [Christ].
**Revelation 16:15:**
**Matthew 24:42-Matthew 24:44,** **And** **Revelation 3:17.**
**Matthew 24:42-Matthew 24:44.** **NABRE:**
**42** Therefore, stay awake! For you do not know on which day your Lord will come. **43** Be sure of this: if the master of the house had known the hour of night when the thief was coming, he would have stayed awake and not let his house be broken into. **44** So too, you also must be prepared, for at an hour you do not expect, the Son of Man will come.

**The Faithful or the Unfaithful Servant.**
**Revelation 3:17.** **NABRE:**
**17** For you say, ‘I am rich and affluent and have no need of anything,’ and yet do not realize that you are wretched, pitiable, poor, blind, and naked.
**Revelation 16:17:**
**Isaiah 66:6.**
**Isaiah 66:6.** **NABRE:**
**6** A voice roaring from the city,

a voice from the temple;

The voice of the **LORD**

rendering recompense to his enemies!
**Revelation 16:18:**
**Mark 13:19.**
**Mark 13:19.** **NABRE:**
**19** For those times will have tribulation such as has not been since the beginning of God’s creation until now, nor ever will be.
**Revelation 16:21:**
**Exodus 9:22-Exodus 9:26.**
**Exodus 9:22-Exodus 9:26.** **NABRE:**
**22** The **LORD** then said to Moses: Stretch out your hand toward the sky, that hail may fall upon the entire land of Egypt, on human being and beast alike and all the vegetation of the fields in the land of Egypt. **23** So Moses stretched out his staff toward the sky, and the **LORD** sent forth peals of thunder and hail. Lightning flashed toward the earth, and the **LORD** rained down hail upon the land of Egypt. **24** There was hail and lightning flashing here and there through the hail, and the hail was so fierce that nothing like it had been seen in Egypt since it became a nation. **25** Throughout the land of Egypt the hail struck down everything in the fields, human being and beast alike; it struck down all the vegetation of the fields and splintered every tree in the fields. **26** Only in the land of Goshen, where the Israelites were, was there no hail.
**Revelation 17:1:**
**Jeremiah 50:38,** **And** **Jeremiah 51:13.**
**Jeremiah 50:38.** **NABRE:**
**38** A drought upon the waters,

and they dry up!

For it is a land of idols,

soon made frantic by phantoms.

**Jeremiah 51:13.** **NABRE:**
**13** You who dwell by mighty waters,

rich in treasure,

Your end has come,

the time at which you shall be cut off!
**Revelation 17:2:**
**Jeremiah 51:7.**
**Jeremiah 51:7.** **NABRE:**
**7** who pays out her due.

Babylon was a golden cup in the hand of the **LORD**

making the whole earth drunk;

The nations drank its wine,

thus they have gone mad.
**Revelation 17:3:**
**Revelation 13:1.**
**Revelation 13:1.** **NABRE:**
**Chapter 13**
**The First Beast.**
**1** Then I saw a beast come out of the sea with ten horns and seven heads; on its horns were ten diadems, and on its heads blasphemous name[s].
**Revelation 17:4:**
**Revelation 18:16.**
**Revelation 18:16.** **NABRE:**
**16** they cry out:

“Alas, alas, great city,

wearing fine linen, purple and scarlet,

adorned [in] gold, precious stones, and pearls.
**Revelation 17:8:**
**Revelation 13:3-Revelation 13:4,** **Revelation 3:5,** **Revelation 13:8,** **And** **Revelation 20:12.**
**Revelation 13:3-Revelation 13:4.** **NABRE:**
**3** I saw that one of its heads seemed to have been mortally wounded, but this mortal wound was healed. Fascinated, the whole world followed after the beast. **4** They worshiped the dragon because it gave its authority to the beast; they also worshiped the beast and said, “Who can compare with the beast or who can fight against it?”

**Revelation 3:5.** **NABRE:**
**5** “‘“The victor will thus be dressed in white, and I will never erase his name from the book of life but will acknowledge his name in the presence of my Father and of his angels.

**Revelation 13:8.** **NABRE:**
**8** All the inhabitants of the earth will worship it, all whose names were not written from the foundation of the world in the book of life, which belongs to the Lamb who was slain.

**Revelation 20:12.** **NABRE:**
**12** I saw the dead, the great and the lowly, standing before the throne, and scrolls were opened. Then another scroll was opened, the book of life. The dead were judged according to their deeds, by what was written in the scrolls.
**Revelation 17:9:**
**Revelation 13:18.**
**Revelation 13:18.** **NABRE:**
**18** Wisdom is needed here; one who understands can calculate the number of the beast, for it is a number that stands for a person. His number is six hundred and sixty-six.
**Revelation 17:12:**
**Daniel 7:24.**
**Daniel 7:24.** **NABRE:**
**24** The ten horns shall be ten kings

rising out of that kingdom;

another shall rise up after them,

Different from those before him,

who shall lay low three kings.
**Revelation 17:14:**
**Revelation 19:11-Revelation 19:21,** **2 Maccabees 13:4,** **1 Timothy 6:15,** **Romans 1:6,** **1 Peter 2:9,** **And** **Jude 1.**
**Revelation 19:11-Revelation 19:21.** **NABRE:**
**The King of Kings.**
**11** Then I saw the heavens opened, and there was a white horse; its rider was [called] “Faithful and True.” He judges and wages war in righteousness. **12** His eyes were [like] a fiery flame, and on his head were many diadems. He had a name inscribed that no one knows except himself. **13** He wore a cloak that had been dipped in blood, and his name was called the Word of God. **14** The armies of heaven followed him, mounted on white horses and wearing clean white linen. **15** Out of his mouth came a sharp sword to strike the nations. He will rule them with an iron rod, and he himself will tread out in the wine press the wine of the fury and wrath of God the almighty. **16** He has a name written on his cloak and on his thigh, “King of kings and Lord of lords.”

**17** Then I saw an angel standing on the sun. He cried out [in] a loud voice to all the birds flying high overhead, “Come here. Gather for God’s great feast, **18** to eat the flesh of kings, the flesh of military officers, and the flesh of warriors, the flesh of horses and of their riders, and the flesh of all, free and slave, small and great.” **19** Then I saw the beast and the kings of the earth and their armies gathered to fight against the one riding the horse and against his army. **20** The beast was caught and with it the false prophet who had performed in its sight the signs by which he led astray those who had accepted the mark of the beast and those who had worshiped its image. The two were thrown alive into the fiery pool burning with sulfur. **21** The rest were killed by the sword that came out of the mouth of the one riding the horse, and all the birds gorged themselves on their flesh.

**2 Maccabees 13:4.** **NABRE:**
**4** But the King of kings aroused the anger of Antiochus against the scoundrel. When the king was shown by Lysias that Menelaus was to blame for all the trouble, he ordered him to be taken to Beroea and executed there in the customary local method.

**1 Timothy 6:15.** **NABRE:**
**15** that the blessed and only ruler will make manifest at the proper time, the King of kings and Lord of lords,

**Romans 1:6.** **NABRE:**
**6** among whom are you also, who are called to belong to Jesus Christ;

**1 Peter 2:9.** **NABRE:**
**9** But you are “a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people of his own, so that you may announce the praises” of him who called you out of darkness into his wonderful light.

**Jude 1.** **NABRE:**

The Verses or Chapters cited would be too long to include in full.

To see them in full, please refer to **The Epistle of Jude** **Chapter 1**.
**Revelation 17:16:**
**Ezekiel 16:37-Ezekiel 16:41,** **And** **Ezekiel 23:25-Ezekiel 23:29.**
**Ezekiel 16:37-Ezekiel 16:41.** **NABRE:**
**37** therefore, I will now gather together all your lovers with whom you found pleasure, both those you loved and those you hated; I will gather them against you from all sides and expose you naked for them to see. **38** I will inflict on you the sentence of adultery and murder; I will bring on you bloody wrath and jealous anger. **39** I will hand you over to them to tear down your platform and demolish your high place, to strip you of your garments and take away your splendid ornaments, leaving you stark naked. **40** They shall lead an assembly against you to stone you and hack you to pieces with their swords. **41** They shall set fire to your homes and inflict punishments on you while many women watch. Thus I will put an end to your prostitution, and you shall never again offer payment.

**Ezekiel 23:25-Ezekiel 23:29.** **NABRE:**
**25** I will direct my jealousy against you, so that they deal with you in fury, cutting off your nose and ears; what is left of you shall fall by the sword. They shall take away your sons and daughters, and what is left of you shall be devoured by fire. **26** They shall strip off your clothes and seize your splendid jewelry. **27** I will put an end to your depravity and to your prostitution from the land of Egypt; you shall no longer look to them, nor even remember Egypt again.

**28** For thus says the **LORD** God: I am now handing you over to those whom you hate, to those from whom you recoil. **29** They shall treat you with hatred, seizing all that you worked for and leaving you stark naked, so that your indecent nakedness is exposed. Your depravity and prostitution
**Revelation 18:1:**
**Ezekiel 43:2.**
**Ezekiel 43:2.** **NABRE:**
**2** and there was the glory of the God of Israel coming from the east! His voice was like the roar of many waters, and the earth shone with his glory.
**Revelation 18:2:**
**Revelation 14:8,** **Isaiah 21:9,** **Jeremiah 50:2-Jeremiah 50:3,** **And** **Jeremiah 51:8.**
**Revelation 14:8.** **NABRE:**
**8** A second angel followed, saying:

“Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great,

that made all the nations drink

the wine of her licentious passion.”

**Isaiah 21:9.** **NABRE:**
**9** Here he comes—

a single chariot,

a pair of horses—

He calls out and says,

‘Fallen, fallen is Babylon!

All the images of her gods

are smashed to the ground!’”

**Jeremiah 50:2-Jeremiah 50:3.** **NABRE:**
**2** Proclaim this among the nations, announce it!

Announce it, do not hide it, but say:

Babylon is captured, Bel put to shame, Marduk terrified;

its images are put to shame, its idols shattered.

**3** A nation from the north advances against it,

making the land desolate

So that no one can live there;

human beings and animals have fled.

**Jeremiah 51:8.** **NABRE:**
**8** Babylon suddenly falls and is broken:

wail over her!

Bring balm for her wounds,

in case she can be healed.
**Revelation 18:3:**
**Revelation 17:2,** **And** **Jeremiah 51:7.**
**Revelation 17:2.** **NABRE:**
**2** The kings of the earth have had intercourse with her, and the inhabitants of the earth became drunk on the wine of her harlotry.”

**Jeremiah 51:7.** **NABRE:**
**7** who pays out her due.

Babylon was a golden cup in the hand of the **LORD**

making the whole earth drunk;

The nations drank its wine,

thus they have gone mad.
**Revelation 18:4:**
**Isaiah 48:20,** **And** **Jeremiah 50:8.**
**Isaiah 48:20.** **NABRE**
**20** Go forth from Babylon, flee from Chaldea!

With shouts of joy declare this, announce it;

Make it known to the ends of the earth,

Say: “The **LORD** has redeemed his servant Jacob.

**Jeremiah 50:8.** **NABRE**
**8** Flee from the midst of Babylon,

leave the land of the Chaldeans,

be like rams at the head of the flock.
**Revelation 18:5:**
**Jeremiah 51:9.**
**Jeremiah 51:9.** **NABRE:**
**9** “We have tried to heal Babylon,

but she cannot be healed.

Leave her, each of us must go to our own land.”

The judgment against her reaches the heavens,

it touches the clouds.
**Revelation 18:6:**
**Jeremiah 50:15,** **And** **Jeremiah 16:18.**
**Jeremiah 50:15.** **NABRE:**
**15** raise the war cry against it on every side.

It surrenders, its bastions fall,

its walls are torn down:

This is retribution from the **LORD**! Take retribution on her,

as she has done, do to her;

for she sinned against the **LORD**.

**Jeremiah 16:18.** **NABRE:**
**18** I will at once repay them double for their crime and their sin because they profaned my land with the corpses of their detestable idols, and filled my heritage with their abominations.
**Revelation 18:7:**
**Isaiah 47:8-Isaiah 47:9.**
**Isaiah 47:8-Isaiah 47:9.** **NABRE:**
**8** Now hear this, voluptuous one,

enthroned securely,

Saying in your heart,

“I, and no one else!

I shall never be a widow,

bereft of my children”—

**9** Both these things shall come to you

suddenly, in a single day:

Complete bereavement and widowhood

shall come upon you

Despite your many sorceries

and the full power of your spells;
**Revelation 18:14:**
**Hosea 10:5,** **And** **Amos 6:7.**
**Hosea 10:5.** **NABRE:**
**5** The inhabitants of Samaria are afraid

for the calf of Beth-aven;

Its people mourn for it

and its idolatrous priests wail over it,

—over its glory which has departed from it.

**Amos 6:7.** **NABRE:**
**7** Therefore, now they shall be the first to go into exile,

and the carousing of those who lounged shall cease.
**Revelation 18:16:**
**Revelation 17:4.**
**Revelation 17:4.** **NABRE:**
**4** The woman was wearing purple and scarlet and adorned with gold, precious stones, and pearls. She held in her hand a gold cup that was filled with the abominable and sordid deeds of her harlotry.
**Revelation 18:19:**
**Ezekiel 27:27-Ezekiel 27:32.**
**Ezekiel 27:27-Ezekiel 27:32.** **NABRE:**
**27** Your wealth, your goods, your wares,

your sailors, your crew,

The caulkers of your seams,

those who traded for your goods,

All the warriors with you,

the whole crowd with you

Sank into the heart of the sea

on the day of your downfall.

**28** At the sound of your sailors’ shouts

the waves shudder,

**29** Down from their ships

come all who ply the oars;

Sailors, all the seafaring crew,

stand on the shore.

**30** They raise their voices over you

and shout their bitter cries;

They pour dust on their heads

and cover themselves with ashes.

**31** For you they shave their heads bald

and put on sackcloth;

For you they weep bitterly,

in anguished lament.

**32** They raise a lament for you;

they wail over you:

“Who was ever destroyed like Tyre

in the midst of the sea?”
**Revelation 18:20:**
**Revelation 19:1-Revelation 19:2,** **And** **Deuteronomy 32:43.**
**Revelation 19:1-Revelation 19:2.** **NABRE:**
**Chapter 19**
**1** After this I heard what sounded like the loud voice of a great multitude in heaven, saying:

“Alleluia!

Salvation, glory, and might belong to our God,

**2** for true and just are his judgments.

He has condemned the great harlot

who corrupted the earth with her harlotry.

He has avenged on her the blood of his servants.”

**Deuteronomy 32:43.** **NABRE:**
**43** Exult with him, you heavens,

bow to him, all you divine beings!

For he will avenge the blood of his servants,

take vengeance on his foes;

He will requite those who hate him,

and purge his people’s land.
**Revelation 18:21:**
**Jeremiah 51:63-Jeremiah 51:64,** **And** **Ezekiel 26:21.**
**Jeremiah 51:63-Jeremiah 51:64.** **NABRE:**
**63** When you have finished reading this scroll, tie a stone to it and throw it into the Euphrates, **64** and say: Thus Babylon shall sink. It will never rise, because of the disaster I am bringing upon it.” Thus far the words of Jeremiah.

**Ezekiel 26:21.** **NABRE:**
**21** I will make you a horror,

and you shall be no more;

You shall be sought for,

but never found again—

oracle of the **LORD** God.
**Revelation 18:22:**
**Isaiah 24:8,** **And** **Ezekiel 26:13.**
**Isaiah 24:8.** **NABRE:**
**8** Stilled are the cheerful timbrels,

ended the shouts of the jubilant,

stilled the cheerful harp.

**Ezekiel 26:13.** **NABRE:**
**13** I will bring an end to the noise of your songs;

the music of your lyres will be heard no more.
**Revelation 18:23:**
**Jeremiah 7:34,** **Jeremiah 16:9,** **And** **Jeremiah 25:10.**
**Jeremiah 7:34.** **NABRE:**
**34** I will silence the cry of joy, the cry of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom and the voice of the bride, in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem; for the land will be turned to rubble.

**Jeremiah 16:9.** **NABRE:**
**9** For thus says the **LORD** of hosts, the God of Israel: Before your eyes and in your lifetime, I will silence in this place the song of joy and the song of gladness, the song of the bridegroom and the song of the bride.

**Jeremiah 25:10.** **NABRE:**
**10** Among them I will put to an end the song of joy and the song of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom and the voice of the bride, the sound of the millstone and the light of the lamp.
**Revelation 18:24:**
**Revelation 16:6.**
**Revelation 16:6.** **NABRE:**
**6** For they have shed the blood of the holy ones and the prophets,

and you [have] given them blood to drink;

it is what they deserve.”
**Revelation 19:2:**
**Daniel 3:27,** **And** **Jeremiah 51:48-Jeremiah 51:49.**
**Daniel 3:27.** **NABRE:**
**27** For you are just in all you have done;

all your deeds are faultless, all your ways right,

and all your judgments proper.

**Jeremiah 51:48-Jeremiah 51:49.** **NABRE:**
**48** Then heaven and earth and everything in them shall shout over Babylon with joy, when the destroyers come against her from the north—oracle of the **LORD**. **49** Babylon, too, must fall, you slain of Israel, because by the hand of Babylon the slain of all the earth have fallen.
**Revelation 19:3:**
**Revelation 14:11,** **And** **Isaiah 34:10.**
**Revelation 14:11.** **NABRE:**
**11** The smoke of the fire that torments them will rise forever and ever, and there will be no relief day or night for those who worship the beast or its image or accept the mark of its name.”

**Isaiah 34:10.** **NABRE:**
**10** Night and day it shall not be quenched,

its smoke shall rise forever.

From generation to generation it shall lie waste,

never again shall anyone pass through it.
**Revelation 19:5:**
**Revelation 11:18,** **And** **Psalms 115:13.**
**Revelation 11:18.** **NABRE:**
**18** The nations raged,

but your wrath has come,

and the time for the dead to be judged,

and to recompense your servants, the prophets,

and the holy ones and those who fear your name,

the small and the great alike,

and to destroy those who destroy the earth.”

**Psalms 115:13.** **NABRE:**
**13** Will bless those who fear the **LORD**,

small and great alike.
**Revelation 19:7:**
**Matthew 22:9,** **And** **Ephesians 5:27.**
**Matthew 22:9.** **NABRE:**
**9** Go out, therefore, into the main roads and invite to the feast whomever you find.’

**Ephesians 5:27.** **NABRE:**
**27** that he might present to himself the church in splendor, without spot or wrinkle or any such thing, that she might be holy and without blemish.
**Revelation 19:8:**
**Revelation 15:6,** **Isaiah 61:10,** **And** **Matthew 22:11-Matthew 22:12.**
**Revelation 15:6.** **NABRE:**
**6** and the seven angels with the seven plagues came out of the temple. They were dressed in clean white linen, with a gold sash around their chests.

**Isaiah 61:10.** **NABRE:**
**Thanksgiving for God’s Deliverance**
**10** I will rejoice heartily in the **LORD**,

my being exults in my God;

For he has clothed me with garments of salvation,

and wrapped me in a robe of justice,

Like a bridegroom adorned with a diadem,

as a bride adorns herself with her jewels.

**Matthew 22:11-Matthew 22:12.** **NABRE:**
**11** But when the king came in to meet the guests he saw a man there not dressed in a wedding garment. 12 He said to him, ‘My friend, how is it that you came in here without a wedding garment?’ But he was reduced to silence.
**Revelation 19:9:**
**Matthew 8:11,** **And** **Luke 14:15.**
**Matthew 8:11.** **NABRE:**
**11** I say to you, many will come from the east and the west, and will recline with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob at the banquet in the kingdom of heaven,

**Luke 14:15.** **NABRE:**
**15** One of his fellow guests on hearing this said to him, “Blessed is the one who will dine in the kingdom of God.”
**Revelation 19:10:**
**Revelation 22:8-Revelation 22:9.**
**Revelation 22:8-Revelation 22:9.** **NABRE:**
**8** It is I, John, who heard and saw these things, and when I heard and saw them I fell down to worship at the feet of the angel who showed them to me. **9** But he said to me, “Don’t! I am a fellow servant of yours and of your brothers the prophets and of those who keep the message of this book. Worship God.”
**Revelation 19:11:**
**Isaiah 11:4.**
**Isaiah 11:4.** **NABRE:**
**4** But he shall judge the poor with justice,

and decide fairly for the land’s afflicted.

He shall strike the ruthless with the rod of his mouth,

and with the breath of his lips he shall slay the wicked.
**Revelation 19:12:**
**Revelation 1:14-Revelation 1:16,** **Revelation 2:18,** **And** **Luke 10:22.**
**Revelation 1:14-Revelation 1:16.** **NABRE:**
**14** The hair of his head was as white as white wool or as snow, and his eyes were like a fiery flame. **15** His feet were like polished brass refined in a furnace, and his voice was like the sound of rushing water. **16** In his right hand he held seven stars. A sharp two-edged sword came out of his mouth, and his face shone like the sun at its brightest.

**Revelation 2:18.** **NABRE:**
**18** “To the angel of the church in Thyatira, write this:

“‘The Son of God, whose eyes are like a fiery flame and whose feet are like polished brass, says this:

**Luke 10:22.** **NABRE:**
**22** All things have been handed over to me by my Father. No one knows who the Son is except the Father, and who the Father is except the Son and anyone to whom the Son wishes to reveal him.”

**The Privileges of Discipleship.**
**Revelation 19:14:**
**Isaiah 63:1,** **And** **John 1:1.**
**Isaiah 63:1.** **NABRE:**
**Chapter 63**
**The Divine Warrior**
**1** Who is this that comes from Edom,

in crimsoned garments, from Bozrah?

Who is this, glorious in his apparel,

striding in the greatness of his strength?

“It is I, I who announce vindication,

mighty to save.”

**John 1:1.** **NABRE:**
**I. Prologue**
**Chapter 1**
**1** In the beginning was the Word,

and the Word was with God,

and the Word was God.
**Revelation 19:15:**
**Revelation 14:20,** **And** **Isaiah 63:3.**
**Revelation 14:20.** **NABRE:**
**20** The wine press was trodden outside the city and blood poured out of the wine press to the height of a horse’s bridle for two hundred miles.

**Isaiah 63:3.** **NABRE:**
**3** “The wine press I have trodden alone,

and from the peoples no one was with me.

I trod them in my anger,

and trampled them down in my wrath;

Their blood spurted on my garments,

all my apparel I stained.
**Revelation 19:16:**
**Revelation 17:14,** **And** **2 Maccabees 13:4.**
**Revelation 17:14.** **NABRE:**
**14** They will fight with the Lamb, but the Lamb will conquer them, for he is Lord of lords and king of kings, and those with him are called, chosen, and faithful.”

**2 Maccabees 13:4.** **NABRE:**
**4** But the King of kings aroused the anger of Antiochus against the scoundrel. When the king was shown by Lysias that Menelaus was to blame for all the trouble, he ordered him to be taken to Beroea and executed there in the customary local method.
**Revelation 19:18:**
**Ezekiel 39:17-Ezekiel 39:20.**
**Ezekiel 39:17-Ezekiel 39:20.** **NABRE:**
**17** As for you, son of man, thus says the **LORD** God: Say to birds of every kind and to every wild beast: “Assemble! Come from all sides for the sacrifice I am making for you, a great slaughter on the mountains of Israel. You shall eat flesh and drink blood! **18** You shall eat the flesh of warriors and drink the blood of the princes of the earth: rams, lambs, and goats, bulls and fatlings from Bashan, all of them. **19** From the sacrifice I slaughtered for you, you shall eat fat until you are sated and drink blood until you are drunk. **20** At my table you shall be sated with horse and rider, with warrior and soldier of every kind—oracle of the **LORD** God.
**Revelation 19:20:**
**Revelation 14:10.**
**Revelation 14:10.** **NABRE:**
**10** will also drink the wine of God’s fury, poured full strength into the cup of his wrath, and will be tormented in burning sulfur before the holy angels and before the Lamb.
**Revelation 20:1:**
**Revelation 9:1.**
**Revelation 9:1.** **NABRE:**
**Chapter 9**
**The Fifth Trumpet.**
**1** Then the fifth angel blew his trumpet, and I saw a star that had fallen from the sky to the earth. It was given the key for the passage to the abyss.
**Revelation 20:2:**
**Genesis 3:1.**
**Genesis 3:1.** **NABRE:**
**Chapter 3**
**Expulsion from Eden.**
**1** Now the snake was the most cunning of all the wild animals that the **LORD** God had made. He asked the woman, “Did God really say, ‘You shall not eat from any of the trees in the garden’?”
**Revelation 20:4:**
**Matthew 19:28.**
**Matthew 19:28.** **NABRE:**
**28** Jesus said to them, “Amen, I say to you that you who have followed me, in the new age, when the Son of Man is seated on his throne of glory, will yourselves sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
**Revelation 20:8:**
**Ezekiel 38:2,** **Ezekiel 38:9,** **And** **Ezekiel 38:16.**
**Ezekiel 38:2.** **NABRE:**
**2** Son of man, turn your face against Gog of the land of Magog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal, and prophesy against him.

**Ezekiel 38:9.** **NABRE:**
**9** You shall come up like a sudden storm, covering the land like a cloud, you and all your troops and the many nations with you.

**Ezekiel 38:16.** **NABRE:**
**16** You shall rise up over my people Israel like a cloud covering the land. In those last days, I will let you invade my land so that the nations acknowledge me, when in their sight I show my holiness through you, Gog.
**Revelation 20:9:**
**Ezekiel 38:22.**
**Ezekiel 38:22.** **NABRE:**
**22** I will execute judgment on him: disease and bloodshed; flooding rain and hailstones, fire and brimstone, I will rain down on him, on his troops and on the many nations with him.
**Revelation 20:11:**
**2 Peter 3:7,** **2 Peter 3:10,** **And** **2 Peter 3:12.**
**2 Peter 3:7.** **NABRE:**
**7** The present heavens and earth have been reserved by the same word for fire, kept for the day of judgment and of destruction of the godless.

**2 Peter 3:10.** **NABRE:**
**10** But the day of the Lord will come like a thief, and then the heavens will pass away with a mighty roar and the elements will be dissolved by fire, and the earth and everything done on it will be found out.

**Exhortation to Preparedness.**
**2 Peter 3:12.** **NABRE:**
**12** waiting for and hastening the coming of the day of God, because of which the heavens will be dissolved in flames and the elements melted by fire.
**Revelation 20:12:**
**Romans 2:6.**
**Romans 2:6.** **NABRE:**
**6** who will repay everyone according to his works:
**Revelation 20:14:**
**1 Corinthians 15:26,** **And** **1 Corinthians 15:54-1 Corinthians 15:55.**
**1 Corinthians 15:26.** **NABRE:**
**26** The last enemy to be destroyed is death,

**1 Corinthians 15:54-1 Corinthians 15:55.** **NABRE:**
**54** And when this which is corruptible clothes itself with incorruptibility and this which is mortal clothes itself with immortality, then the word that is written shall come about:

“Death is swallowed up in victory.

**55** Where, O death, is your victory?

Where, O death, is your sting?”
**Revelation 21:1:**
**Isaiah 65:17,** **Isaiah 66:22,** **Romans 8:19-Romans 8:23,** **And** **2 Peter 3:13.**
**Isaiah 65:17.** **NABRE:**
**A World Renewed**
**17** See, I am creating new heavens

and a new earth;

The former things shall not be remembered

nor come to mind.

**Isaiah 66:22.** **NABRE:**
**22** Just as the new heavens and the new earth

which I am making

Shall endure before me—oracle of the **LORD**—

so shall your descendants and your name endure.

**Romans 8:19-Romans 8:23.** **NABRE:**
**19** For creation awaits with eager expectation the revelation of the children of God; **20** for creation was made subject to futility, not of its own accord but because of the one who subjected it, in hope **21** that creation itself would be set free from slavery to corruption and share in the glorious freedom of the children of God. **22** We know that all creation is groaning in labor pains even until now; **23** and not only that, but we ourselves, who have the firstfruits of the Spirit, we also groan within ourselves as we wait for adoption, the redemption of our bodies.

**2 Peter 3:13.** **NABRE:**
**13** But according to his promise we await new heavens and a new earth in which righteousness dwells.
**Revelation 21:2:**
**Revelation 19:7-Revelation 19:9.**
**Revelation 19:7-Revelation 19:9.** **NABRE:**
**7** Let us rejoice and be glad

and give him glory.

For the wedding day of the Lamb has come,

his bride has made herself ready.

**8** She was allowed to wear

a bright, clean linen garment.”

(The linen represents the righteous deeds of the holy ones.)

**9** Then the angel said to me, “Write this: Blessed are those who have been called to the wedding feast of the Lamb.” And he said to me, “These words are true; they come from God.”
**Revelation 21:3:**
**Ezekiel 37:27.**
**Ezekiel 37:27.** **NABRE:**
**27** My dwelling shall be with them; I will be their God, and they will be my people.
**Revelation 21:4:**
**Revelation 7:17,** **Isaiah 25:8,** **And** **Isaiah 35:10.**
**Revelation 7:17.** **NABRE:**
**17** For the Lamb who is in the center of the throne will shepherd them

and lead them to springs of life-giving water,

and God will wipe away every tear from their eyes.”

**Isaiah 25:8.** **NABRE:**
**8** He will destroy death forever.

The **LORD** God will wipe away

the tears from all faces;

The reproach of his people he will remove

from the whole earth; for the **LORD** has spoken.

**Isaiah 35:10.** **NABRE:**
**10** And the ransomed of the **LORD** shall return,

and enter Zion singing,

crowned with everlasting joy;

They meet with joy and gladness,

sorrow and mourning flee away.
**Revelation 21:5:**
**Isaiah 43:19,** **And** **2 Corinthians 5:17.**
**Isaiah 43:19.** **NABRE:**
**19** See, I am doing something new!

Now it springs forth, do you not perceive it?

In the wilderness I make a way,

in the wasteland, rivers.

**2 Corinthians 5:17.** **NABRE:**
**17** So whoever is in Christ is a new creation: the old things have passed away; behold, new things have come.
**Revelation 21:6:**
**Revelation 22:17,** **Psalms 36:8-Psalms 36:9,** **And** **Isaiah 55:1.**
**Revelation 22:17.** **NABRE:**
**17** The Spirit and the bride say, “Come.” Let the hearer say, “Come.” Let the one who thirsts come forward, and the one who wants it receive the gift of life-giving water.

**Psalms 36:8-Psalms 36:9.** **NABRE:**
**8** How precious is your mercy, O God!

The children of Adam take refuge in the shadow of your wings.

**9** They feast on the rich food of your house;

from your delightful stream you give them drink.

**Isaiah 55:1.** **NABRE:**
**Chapter 55**
**An Invitation to Grace**
**1** All you who are thirsty,

come to the water!

You who have no money,

come, buy grain and eat;

Come, buy grain without money,

wine and milk without cost!
**Revelation 21:7:**
**2 Samuel 7:14.**
**2 Samuel 7:14.** **NABRE:**
**14** I will be a father to him, and he shall be a son to me. If he does wrong, I will reprove him with a human rod and with human punishments;
**Revelation 21:8:**
**Revelation 22:15,** **And** **Romans 1:29-Romans 1:32.**
**Revelation 22:15.** **NABRE:**
**15** Outside are the dogs, the sorcerers, the unchaste, the murderers, the idol-worshipers, and all who love and practice deceit.

**Romans 1:29-Romans 1:32. NABRE:**
**29** They are filled with every form of wickedness, evil, greed, and malice; full of envy, murder, rivalry, treachery, and spite. They are gossips **30** and scandalmongers and they hate God. They are insolent, haughty, boastful, ingenious in their wickedness, and rebellious toward their parents. **31** They are senseless, faithless, heartless, ruthless. **32** Although they know the just decree of God that all who practice such things deserve death, they not only do them but give approval to those who practice them.
**Revelation 21:10:**
**Ezekiel 40:2.**
**Ezekiel 40:2.** **NABRE:**
**2** In a divine vision he brought me to the land of Israel, where he set me down on a very high mountain. In front of me, there was something like a city built on it.
**Revelation 21:11:**
**Hebrews 11:10.**
**Hebrews 11:10.** **NABRE:**
**10** for he was looking forward to the city with foundations, whose architect and maker is God.
**Revelation 21:12:**
**Ezekiel 48:31-Ezekiel 48:35.**
**Ezekiel 48:31-Ezekiel 48:35.** **NABRE:**
**31** the gates are named after the tribes of Israel—on the north, three gates: the gate of Reuben, one; the gate of Judah, one; and the gate of Levi, one. **32** On the east side, measuring forty-five hundred cubits, three gates: the gate of Joseph, one; the gate of Benjamin, one; and the gate of Dan, one. **33** On the south side, measuring forty-five hundred cubits, three gates: the gate of Simeon, one; the gate of Issachar, one; and the gate of Zebulun, one. **34** On the west side, measuring forty-five hundred cubits, three gates: the gate of Gad, one; the gate of Asher, one; and the gate of Naphtali, one. **35** The circuit of the city shall be eighteen thousand cubits. From now on the name of the city is “The **LORD** is there.”
**Revelation 21:14:**
**Ephesians 2:20.**
**Ephesians 2:20.** **NABRE:**
**20** built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, with Christ Jesus himself as the capstone.
**Revelation 21:19:**
**Isaiah 54:11-Isaiah 54:12.**
**Isaiah 54:11-Isaiah 54:12.** **NABRE:**
**11** O afflicted one, storm-battered and unconsoled,

I lay your pavements in carnelians,

your foundations in sapphires;

**12** I will make your battlements of rubies,

your gates of jewels,

and all your walls of precious stones.
**Revelation 21:22:**
**John 2:19-John 2:20.**
**John 2:19-John 2:20.** **NABRE:**
**19** Jesus answered and said to them, “Destroy this temple and in three days I will raise it up.” **20** The Jews said, “This temple has been under construction for forty-six years, and you will raise it up in three days?”
**Revelation 21:23:**
**Isaiah 60:1-Isaiah 60:2,** **And** **Isaiah 60:19-Isaiah 60:20.**
**Isaiah 60:1-Isaiah 60:2.** **NABRE:**
**Chapter 60**
**The Dawning of Divine Glory for Zion**
**1** Arise! Shine, for your light has come,

the glory of the **LORD** has dawned upon you.

**2** Though darkness covers the earth,

and thick clouds, the peoples,

Upon you the **LORD** will dawn,

and over you his glory will be seen.

**Isaiah 60:19-Isaiah 60:20. NABRE:**
**Eternal Light for Zion**
**19** No longer shall the sun

be your light by day,

Nor shall the brightness of the moon

give you light by night;

Rather, the **LORD** will be your light forever,

your God will be your glory.

**20** No longer will your sun set,

or your moon wane;

For the **LORD** will be your light forever,

and the days of your grieving will be over.
**Revelation 21:24:**
**Isaiah 60:11.**
**Isaiah 60:11.** **NABRE:**
**11** Your gates shall stand open constantly;

day and night they shall not be closed

So that they may bring you the wealth of nations,

with their kings in the vanguard.
**Revelation 21:27:**
**Isaiah 35:8,** **Isaiah 52:1,** **Zechariah 13:2,** **Revelation 3:5,** **And** **Revelation 20:12.**
**Isaiah 35:8.** **NABRE:**
**8** A highway will be there,

called the holy way;

No one unclean may pass over it,

but it will be for his people;

no traveler, not even fools, shall go astray on it.

**Isaiah 52:1.** **NABRE:**
**Chapter 52**
**Let Zion Rejoice**
**1** Awake, awake!

Put on your strength, Zion;

Put on your glorious garments,

Jerusalem, holy city.

Never again shall the uncircumcised

or the unclean enter you.

**Zechariah 13:2.** **NABRE:**
**2** On that day—oracle of the **LORD** of hosts—I will destroy the names of the idols from the land, so that they will be mentioned no more; I will also remove the prophets and the spirit of uncleanness from the land.

**Revelation 3:5.** **NABRE:**
**5** “‘“The victor will thus be dressed in white, and I will never erase his name from the book of life but will acknowledge his name in the presence of my Father and of his angels.

**Revelation 20:12.** **NABRE:**
**12** I saw the dead, the great and the lowly, standing before the throne, and scrolls were opened. Then another scroll was opened, the book of life. The dead were judged according to their deeds, by what was written in the scrolls.
**Revelation 22:1:**
**Ezekiel 47:1-Ezekiel 47:12.**
**Ezekiel 47:1-Ezekiel 47:12.** **NABRE:**
**Chapter 47**
**The Wonderful Stream.**
**1** Then he brought me back to the entrance of the temple, and there! I saw water flowing out from under the threshold of the temple toward the east, for the front of the temple faced east. The water flowed out toward the right side of the temple to the south of the altar. **2** He brought me by way of the north gate and around the outside to the outer gate facing east; there I saw water trickling from the southern side. **3** When he continued eastward with a measuring cord in his hand, he measured off a thousand cubits and had me wade through the water; it was ankle-deep. **4** He measured off another thousand cubits and once more had me wade through the water; it was up to the knees. He measured another thousand cubits and had me wade through the water; it was up to my waist. **5** Once more he measured off a thousand cubits. Now it was a river I could not wade across. The water had risen so high, I would have to swim—a river that was impassable. **6** Then he asked me, “Do you see this, son of man?” He brought me to the bank of the river and had me sit down. **7** As I was returning, I saw along the bank of the river a great many trees on each side. **8** He said to me, “This water flows out into the eastern district, runs down into the Arabah and empties into the polluted waters of the sea to freshen them. **9** Wherever it flows, the river teems with every kind of living creature; fish will abound. Where these waters flow they refresh; everything lives where the river goes. **10** Fishermen will stand along its shore from En-gedi to En-eglaim; it will become a place for drying nets, and it will abound with as many kinds of fish as the Great Sea. **11** Its marshes and swamps shall not be made fresh, but will be left for salt. **12** Along each bank of the river every kind of fruit tree will grow; their leaves will not wither, nor will their fruit fail. Every month they will bear fresh fruit because the waters of the river flow out from the sanctuary. Their fruit is used for food, and their leaves for healing.”

**The New Israel**
**Boundaries of the Land.**
**Revelation 22:5:**
**Isaiah 60:20.**
**Isaiah 60:20.** **NABRE:**
**20** No longer will your sun set,

or your moon wane;

For the **LORD** will be your light forever,

and the days of your grieving will be over.
**Revelation 22:6:**
**Revelation 1:1.**
**Revelation 1:1.** **NABRE:**
**I. Prologue**
**Chapter 1**
**1** The revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave to him, to show his servants what must happen soon. He made it known by sending his angel to his servant John,
**Revelation 22:7:**
**Revelation 22:12,** **Revelation 22:20,** **And** **Revelation 1:3.**
**Revelation 22:12.** **NABRE:**
**12** “Behold, I am coming soon. I bring with me the recompense I will give to each according to his deeds.

**Revelation 22:20.** **NABRE:**
**20** The one who gives this testimony says, “Yes, I am coming soon.” Amen! Come, Lord Jesus!

**Revelation 1:3.** **NABRE:**
**3** Blessed is the one who reads aloud and blessed are those who listen to this prophetic message and heed what is written in it, for the appointed time is near.

**II. Letters to the Churches of Asia**
**Greeting.**
**Revelation 22:9:**
**Revelation 19:10.**
**Revelation 19:10.** **NABRE:**
**10** I fell at his feet to worship him. But he said to me, “Don’t! I am a fellow servant of yours and of your brothers who bear witness to Jesus. Worship God. Witness to Jesus is the spirit of prophecy.”
**Revelation 22:12:**
**Revelation 22:7,** **Revelation 22:20,** **Psalms 62:12,** **And** **2 Timothy 4:14.**
**Revelation 22:7.** **NABRE:**
**7** “Behold, I am coming soon.” Blessed is the one who keeps the prophetic message of this book.

**Revelation 22:20.** **NABRE:**
**20** The one who gives this testimony says, “Yes, I am coming soon.” Amen! Come, Lord Jesus!

**Psalms 62:12.** **NABRE:**
**12** One thing God has said;

two things I have heard:

Strength belongs to God;

**2 Timothy 4:14.** **NABRE:**
**14** Alexander the coppersmith did me a great deal of harm; the Lord will repay him according to his deeds.
**Revelation 22:13:**
**Revelation 1:8,** **Revelation 21:6,** **Isaiah 41:4,** **And** **Isaiah 44:6**
**Revelation 1:8.** **NABRE:**
**8** “I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God, “the one who is and who was and who is to come, the almighty.”

**The First Vision.**
**Revelation 21:6.** **NABRE:**
**6** He said to me, “They are accomplished. I [am] the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end. To the thirsty I will give a gift from the spring of life-giving water.

**Isaiah 41:4.** **NABRE:**
**4** Who has performed these deeds?

Who has called forth the generations from the beginning?

I, the **LORD**, am the first,

and at the last I am he.

**Isaiah 44:6.** **NABRE:**
**The True God and False Gods**
**6** Thus says the **LORD**, Israel’s king,

its redeemer, the **LORD** of hosts:

I am the first, I am the last;

there is no God but me.
**Revelation 22:14:**
**Revelation 7:14-Revelation 7:15,** **And** **Revelation 22:2.**
**Revelation 7:14-Revelation 7:15.** **NABRE:**
**14** I said to him, “My lord, you are the one who knows.” He said to me, “These are the ones who have survived the time of great distress; they have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb.

**15** “For this reason they stand before God’s throne

and worship him day and night in his temple.

The one who sits on the throne will shelter them.

**Revelation 22:2.** **NABRE:**
**2** down the middle of its street. On either side of the river grew the tree of life that produces fruit twelve times a year, once each month; the leaves of the trees serve as medicine for the nations.
**Revelation 22:15:**
**Revelation 21:8,** **And** **Romans 1:29-Romans 1:32**
**Revelation 21:8.** **NABRE:**
**8** But as for cowards, the unfaithful, the depraved, murderers, the unchaste, sorcerers, idol-worshipers, and deceivers of every sort, their lot is in the burning pool of fire and sulfur, which is the second death.”

**The New Jerusalem.**
**Romans 1:29-Romans 1:32.** **NABRE:**
**29** They are filled with every form of wickedness, evil, greed, and malice; full of envy, murder, rivalry, treachery, and spite. They are gossips **30** and scandalmongers and they hate God. They are insolent, haughty, boastful, ingenious in their wickedness, and rebellious toward their parents. 31 They are senseless, faithless, heartless, ruthless. **32** Although they know the just decree of God that all who practice such things deserve death, they not only do them but give approval to those who practice them.
**Revelation 22:16:**
**Revelation 1:1,** **Revelation 1:11-Revelation 1:12,** **Revelation 22:6,** **And** **Revelation 2:28.**
**Revelation 1:1.** **NABRE:**
**I. Prologue**
**Chapter 1**
**1** The revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave to him, to show his servants what must happen soon. He made it known by sending his angel to his servant John,

**Revelation 1:11-Revelation 1:12.** **NABRE:**
**11** which said, “Write on a scroll what you see and send it to the seven churches: to Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, and Laodicea.” **12** Then I turned to see whose voice it was that spoke to me, and when I turned, I saw seven gold lampstands

**Revelation 22:6.** **NABRE**
**VII. Epilogue**
**6** And he said to me, “These words are trustworthy and true, and the Lord, the God of prophetic spirits, sent his angel to show his servants what must happen soon.”

**Revelation 2:28.** **NABRE**
**28** just as I received authority from my Father. And to him I will give the morning star.
**Revelation 22:17:**
**Revelation 21:6,** **And** **Isaiah 55:1.**
**Revelation 21:6.** **NABRE:**
**6** He said to me, “They are accomplished. I [am] the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end. To the thirsty I will give a gift from the spring of life-giving water.

**Isaiah 55:1.** **NABRE:**
**Chapter 55**
**An Invitation to Grace**
**1** All you who are thirsty,

come to the water!

You who have no money,

come, buy grain and eat;

Come, buy grain without money,

wine and milk without cost!
**Revelation 22:19:**
**Deuteronomy 4:2.**
**Deuteronomy 4:2.** **NABRE:**
**2** In your observance of the commandments of the **LORD**, your God, which I am commanding you, you shall not add to what I command you nor subtract from it.
**Revelation 22:20:**
**Revelation 22:7,** **Revelation 22:12,** **Acts 3:20-Acts 3:21,** **1 Corinthians 15:23,** **And** **1 Corinthians 16:22.**
**Revelation 22:7.** **NABRE:**
**7** “Behold, I am coming soon.” Blessed is the one who keeps the prophetic message of this book.

**Revelation 22:12.** **NABRE:**
**12** “Behold, I am coming soon. I bring with me the recompense I will give to each according to his deeds.

**Acts 3:20-Acts 3:21.** **NABRE:**
**20** and that the Lord may grant you times of refreshment and send you the Messiah already appointed for you, Jesus, **21** whom heaven must receive until the times of universal restoration of which God spoke through the mouth of his holy prophets from of old.

**1 Corinthians 15:23.** **NABRE:**
**23** but each one in proper order: Christ the firstfruits; then, at his coming, those who belong to Christ;

**1 Corinthians 16:22.** **NABRE:**
**22** If anyone does not love the Lord, let him be accursed. *Marana tha*.

## OTHER BOOKS OF THE NEW AMERICAN BIBLE - REVISED EDITION TRANSLATION

 **THE BOOKS OF THE CATHOLIC BIBLE IN THE NEW AMERICAN BIBLE - REVISED EDITION TRANSLATION**

### Old Testament

#### The Pentateuch:

1. The Book of Genesis
2. The Book of Exodus
3. The Book of Leviticus
4. The Book of Numbers
5. The Book of Deuteronomy

#### The Historical Books:

1. The Book of Joshua
2. The Book of Judges
3. The Book of Ruth
4. The First Book of Samuel
5. The Second Book of Samuel
6. The First Book of Kings
7. The Second Book of Kings
8. The First Book of Chronicles
9. The Second Book of Chronicles
10. The Book of Ezra
11. The Book of Nehemiah

#### The Biblical Novellas:

1. The Book of Tobit
2. The Book of Judith
3. The Book of Esther

#### The Maccabean Books:

1. The First Book of Maccabees
2. The Second Book of Maccabees

#### The Poetic Books:

1. The Book of Job
2. The Book of Psalms
3. The Book of Proverbs
4. The Book of Ecclesiastes
5. The Song of Songs
6. The Book of Wisdom
7. The Wisdom of Ben Sira

#### The Prophetic Books:

1. The Book of Isaiah
2. The Book of Jeremiah
3. The Book of Lamentations
4. The Book of Baruch
5. The Book of Ezekiel
6. The Book of Daniel
7. The Book of Hosea
8. The Book of Joel
9. The Book of Amos
10. The Book of Obadiah
11. The Book of Jonah
12. The Book of Micah
13. The Book of Nahum
14. The Book of Habakkuk
15. The Book of Zephaniah
16. The Book of Haggai
17. The Book of Zechariah
18. The Book of Malachi

### New Testament

#### The Four Gospels

1. The Gospel according to Matthew
2. The Gospel according to Mark
3. The Gospel according to Luke
4. The Gospel according to John

#### The Pauline Letters

1. The Letter to The Romans
2. The First Letter to The Corinthians
3. The Second Letter to The Corinthians
4. The Letter to The Galatians
5. The Letter to The Ephesians
6. The Letter to The Philippians
7. The Letter to The Colossians
8. The First Letter to The Thessalonians
9. The Second Letter to The Thessalonians
10. The First Letter to Timothy
11. The Second Letter to Timothy
12. The Letter to Titus
13. The Letter to Philemon

#### The General Letters/Catholic Letters

1. The Letter of James
2. The First Letter of Peter
3. The Second Letter of Peter
4. The First Letter of John
5. The Second Letter of John
6. The Third Letter of John
7. The Letter of Jude

## OTHER TRANSLATIONS OF THE BOOK OF REVELATION

### Latin Translations

#### Vulgate Family

* Original Vulgate (O-VULGATE)
* Clementine Vulgate (C-VULGATE)
* Stuttgart Vulgate (S-VULGATE)
* Nova Vulgata (N-VULGATE)

### Greek Translations

#### Greek LXX OT/Scrivener NT Family

* Greek LXX OT/Scrivener NT - Original (LXX/S - O)
* Greek LXX OT/Scrivener NT - Anglicized (LXX/S - A)

### English Translations - Original Catholic Versions

#### Christian Community Bible Family

##### Original Versions

* Christian Community Bible (CCB)
* Christian Community Bible (Eighteenth Edition) (CCB-18ED)
* Christian Community Bible (Twenty-Ninth Edition) (CCB-29ED)

##### Catholic Pastoral Editions Versions

* Christian Community Bible - Revised Edition 2013 (CCB-RE 2013)
* Christian Community Bible - Revised Edition 2013 (CCB-RE 2013)
* Christian Community Bible - Revised Edition 2023 (CCB-RE 2023)

#### Douay-Rheims Bible Family

* Douay-Rheims Bible - Original (DRB-O)
* Douay–Rheims Bible - Challoner Revision (DRB-CR)
* Douay-Rheims Bible - 1899 American Edition (DRB-AE)

#### Jerusalem Bible Family

* Jerusalem Bible (JB)
* New Jerusalem Bible (NJB)
* Revised New Jerusalem Bible (RNJB)

#### New American Bible Family

* New American Bible (NAB)
* **New American Bible - Revised Edition (NAB-RE)**

### English Translations - Protestant Catholic/Ecumenical Versions

#### English Standard Version Family

* English Standard Version - Catholic Edition (ESV-CE)

#### Good News Bible Family

* Good News Bible - Catholic Edition (GNB-CE)

#### Living Bible Family

##### New Living Translation Version

* New Living Translation - Catholic Edition (NLT-CE)

#### The Message Family

* The Message – Catholic/Ecumenical Edition (TM-C/EE)

#### (New) Revised Standard Version Family

##### Revised Standard Version

* Revised Standard Version - Catholic Edition (RSV-CE)

##### New Revised Standard Version

* New Revised Standard Version - Catholic Edition (NRSV-CE)
* New Revised Standard Version - Anglicised Catholic Edition (NRSV-ACE)

### Other Translations

#### Bisaya/Cebuano

* Ang Bag-ong Maayong Balita (ABMB)
* Biblia sa Kristohanong Katilingban (BKK)

#### Italian

* Conferenza Episcopale Italiana Prima Edizione (CEI-PE)
* Conferenza Episcopale Italiana Seconda Edizione (CEI-SE)

#### Spanish

* Biblia de Jerusalen (BdJ)
* El Libro Del Pueblo De Dios (ELPDD)
* La Biblia De Nuestro Pueblo (LBNP)

Template:The Book of Revelation Translations