Austrian Chronicle

Austrian Chronicle of the 95 Rulerships (*Österreichische Chronik von den 95 Herrschaften*) by Leopold von Wien, 1394

Translated with Annotations by Ras Feqade, 2021

### 40

Now I come particularly to the noble land of Austria, how long it was that the first men came into the land, and how they and their wives and children were called at the time, and how many names Austria had, and how often have the national arms changed, and from when were the prince's wives born, and what arms their relatives had, and where they all were buried. The land of Austria (*Osterreich*) had the following fifteen names, one after the other. Judeisapta, Arratim, Sauricz, Sannas, Pannauz, Tantamo, Mittanawz, Fannaw, Aurata, Fila, Rarasma, Corrodancia, Avara, Osterland, Osterreich.

[This chronicle of the 95 rulerships lists only historically unidentified rulers of Austria until 992 AD, does not offer any calendar dates before 1050 AD, and even those it gives after that date are inaccurate until about 1155 AD. The calendar years before 1050 AD that are implied by the text, must be calculated by adding the reign lengths. On that basis, the years when Austria was known by each of these names can be calculated as follows:

* Judeisapta 1959-1910 BC
* Arratim 1910-1820 BC
* Saurics 1820-1716 BC
* Sannas 1716-1460 BC
* Pannauz 1460-1099 BC
* Tantamo 1099-716 BC
* Mittanauz 716-553 BC
* Fannau 553-498 BC
* Aurata 498-441 BC
* Fila 441-145 BC
* Rarasma 145 BC-164 AD
* Corrodancia 164-487
* Avara 487-530
* Osterland 530-562
* Osterreich 562-present
However, for the time after 164 AD, the correct names and dates being known to history, the last four entries above can be amended to:

* Curraetia 164-567
* Avar Khaganate 567-626
* Corontania 626-790
* Avarenmark 790-820
* Ostermark 820-976
* Osterreich 976-present
For the names before 164 AD, Pannauz and Fannau seem to be related to the name Pannonia, but there is little in the way of synchronistic material to confirm or reject the dates derived by the above method.]

### 41

In the land between the seas, that was called Terra Ammiracionis, was seated Count Sattan of Aligemorum, under whom was born a knightly man called Abraham of Temonaria. He was born 810 years after the Deluge. He took a wife from the kingdom of Samamorum, who was a daughter of lord Terromant and Lady Sanyet, and called Susanna. She was born 824 years after the deluge and was also noble. Abraham had, by his wife Susanna, in the said land of Terra Ammiracionis, a son called Achaim, and also a son called Ralym, and a daughter called Dentarim. Abraham of Temonaria went to war with his good lord, Count Sattan of Aligemorum, and they fought with each other so long, that Count Sattan drove off Abraham of Temonaria, so that facing poverty alone he must go from the land of Terra Ammiracionis. Abraham's arms of inheritance were; on the helmet he had a horse, half black and half white, and a striped shield, lengthwise to fourteen stripes, seven white and seven black. Abraham's wife Susanne's arms were, after her father Terromant, on the helm a red knob, and a green shield with a white hump.

[The locations in this section are open to conjecture, and some seem to appear with Latin case-endings in the High German text. His birth being 49 years before his coming to Judeisapta below, would mean he was born in 2008 BC, by my calculations based on *Jubilees* that would be 5 years before the more famous Abraham of Ur died in the land of Canaan. The appearance of Hebrew or Semitic sounding names seems like a clue, though this Abraham and his family are explicitly described as heathen, that is pagan, gentile or non-Jews. My best guess was that he hailed from somewhere within the Heraclean state of Maronea, said to stretch from the Danube to Damascus, and perhaps closer to Damascus, as Abraham of Ur, the first to be called Abraham after changing his birth name from Abram, had already become famous and prominent in that region, inspiring namesakes.]

### 42. The first rulership of Austria

When **Abraham of Temonaria** was driven out of the land of Terra Ammiracionis by his ruler, Count Sattan of Alygemorum, then he journeyed so far that he came to a land by the Danube, that for a long time a Jew had called Judeisapta, but the same Jew did not come to that land, and he went so far until he founded a town, that well pleased him. Then he made himself a house, and settled there, and called the city Anreytim, that is now called Stockerau. Abraham called himself a heathen, Margrave of Judeisapta. The coming of Abraham in this land happened after the deluge 859 years, 9 months, and the 12th day of the fallow season, and from Anreytim, where he settled, he had 70 German miles to the next people, and there was before him no other people come into the land. Abraham also founded the arms of the land, on the helm two black eagles flew and a golden eagle breast between, and a black shield with a golden eagle. When Abraham saw this land of Judeisapta and that he had made it a Margravate, then he returned to the land whence he came, that was called Terra Ammiracionis, and took with him his wife lady Susanna and the eldest son of both, named Achaim, and returned to the aforementioned Margravate of the land of Judeisapta, and settled in the town, that was written earlier. Abraham brought Lady Susanna and their son Achaim into this land over three years after his first coming. Abraham and his wife Susanna and their son Achaim were all heathens and believed in the idols. Abraham and his wife Susanna had with each other in this land, then called Judeisapta, a daughter called Rembeka, whom he gave a husband. Abraham was ruler and Margrave in the land of Judeisapta 30 years and five months. Lady **Susanna** was Margravess in the land of Judeisapta 19 years. Abraham and his wife are buried in Anreytim, that is now called Stockerau.

[Aventinus' *German Chronicle* mentions Stockerau as one of the places settled by Eber, the same Eber who is father of Peleg and Joktan according to Genesis. In his account Eber, as well as Joktan, departed with Tuiscon (probably Ashkenaz son of Gomer) out of Armenia and settled the region, which would be in 2398 BC. The land south of the Upper Danube was first known as Istria after Ister, the other name of Joktan as well as of the Danube. While Eber was an ancestor of the Hebrews and Jews via Peleg, he could not be called a Jew, though this Chronicle could be obliquely referring to a dim recollection of this previous history, in the unexplained statement that the name Judeisapta had come from a Jew who had never been to the land. By my chronology, the name Judeisapta could not at any rate be derived from Jew or Judah, who was only born to Jacob in Padan-Aram in 1934 BC. It seems Istria was renamed as Taurica after c. 2026 BC when the Pharaoh Apis (Mentuhotep) had appointed his governor Taurus over it. However as stated here, the stretch around Stockerau was uninhabited for 70 'German miles' around when Abraham of Temonaria arrived in c. 1959 BC. This date assumes the unique and ambiguous statement that Susanna was Margravess 19 years means in her own right following those of Abraham; otherwise since we are counting backwards, his arrival would be placed in 1940 BC and his birth 1989 BC.

A Margrave is subordinate to a King, but there is unfortunately no mention in this document of who any kings were. The term Margravate implies a border or march land between two kingdoms, who I presume at this time would be the Teutons to the north and the Celts to the south, with Judeisapta perhaps a fief of the latter.]

### 43. The second rulership of Austria

**Achaim** his son was Margrave and called the land Arratim, and he was called Margrave of Arratim. Achaim carried the national arms of his father Abraham. Margrave Achaim took a countess of Hungary named Nannaym. Nannaym's father Rattan carried on the helm two black acorns, and a black shield with a white streak over it. Achaim was ruler 45 years and his wife Nannaym lived after him 4 years. They were both buried in Tulln. They had four children with each other, a daughter named Volim, and a daughter named Rawlint, and a son Laptan, the third daughter named Remmanna. the eldest daughter Volim took a friend from Bohemia called Raban, who became Margrave of Arratym. His ancestral arms were, on the helm a golden sporrad and a red shield with a white streak over it. Raban took his father-in-law's arms, that he had from Arratim, from the land.

[Achaim's rulership over Arratim would be 1910-1865 BC. If this is ancient information recopied and passed down for centuries, the anachronistic name Hungary must have been substituted for Pannonia at some point. Likewise the name Bohemia is anachronistic, though per Aventinus, Bohemia seems to have been occupied by the Marcomanni at this time.]

### 44. The third rulership of Austria

**Raban** was Margrave and ruler in the land of Arratym 45 years. His wife Volim died one and a half years before him. Raban and his wife Volim are buried two miles below Tulln. They left a son named Laptan. He became Margrave of Arratim and then changed the name of the land and called it Sawricz.

[Raban I's rulership over Arratim in the right of his wife, Volim (spelled Rulim in some editions), would be 1865-1820 BC. There is evidence of conflict between the Teutons and Celts, with the regions south of the Danube, including Arratim, ending up again under Teutonic control by the end of this time. Raban I, being from Bohemia, ie Marcomannia, himself, was no doubt more than willing to transfer his allegiance from Celtica to the German king, Alman.

The name Saurics seems to reflect the name Taurica or Taurisca by which the general region south of the Danube had already been known.]

### 45. The fourth rulership of Austria

**Laptan** took the national arms of his father. He died without a wife over three years after his father, and is buried by his father. Then this country was empty and had no men or women. After him, his uncle Laptan, Achaim's son, was lord of Sawricz. He took the national arms of his father and uncle.

[Laptan I's rulership over Saurics, perhaps reverting now to its former Germanic name, would be 1820-1817 BC. The curious exaggeration that the country was empty, and the fact that his uncle Laptan II, who was not Germanic, had a prior claim by male inheritance, are our best hints of a struggle at this time.]

### 46. The fifth rulership of Austria

**Laptan** took a countess from Bohemia named Rama. Rama's father took on the helm a black tarant, and a black shield with a white ring. Laptan and his wife Rama, Margrave and Margravess of Sawricz, endowed the land of Steyr, as it is also now called. Laptan was ruler of Sawricz 49 years, and his wife lived after him five years. They are both buried at Trautmansdorf. They left two sons, the eldest named Rimer, the other Nynter.

[Laptan II's rulership over Saurics would be 1817-1768 BC. He represents a return to the paternal line of Temonaria and may have defeated his half-Marcomanni nephew, Laptan I, though it seems he too married into Marcomanni nobility. The fiefdom retained the name Saurics and presumably remained subject to King Alman of Germany, at least to his death in 1783 BC. From that point a succession struggle seems to have erupted in Germany among Alman's sons, with Saurics probably remaining loyal to Prince Norein, who then established Norica south of the Danube. However, the Marcomanni themselves probably supported his younger brother prince Boiger, whence the name Bohemia, as well as Bavaria.]

### 47. The sixth rulership of Austria

**Rymer** was ruler and Margrave of Sawricz and took the national arms of his father Laptan. Margrave Rimer of Sawricz died without a wife over one half year after his father, and is buried by his father.

[Rimer's rulership of Saurics would be c. 1768 BC, about ten years before the end of the German Civil War]

### 48. The seventh rulership of Austria

**Nynter** became ruler and Margrave of Sawricz after his brother Rimer. Nynter made the Margravate of Sawricz into a Herzogtum, and called himself then Nynter a heathen, Herzog of Sawricz. He carried the national arms of his brother Rymer. Herzog Nynter took a countess from his land named Sinna. Duchess Sinna's father took on the helm a black pike with a halved apple thereon, half gold, half silver, and a white shield with a half golden tail. Herzog Nynter of Sawrics was ruler 52 years. His wife Duchess Sinna died before him three and a half years, and both are buried a third of a mile by Neustadt. They left one son named Lynal.

[Nynter's rulership over Saurics would be 1768-1716 BC. During this time, Saurics went from a Margravate to a Herzogtum (Duchy), still technically subordinate to a kingdom, but probably signalling some greater measure of independence, especially with the formal breakup of German lands at the Treaty of Luxemburg ending the Civil War in 1758 BC. The shift to Herzogtum would likely be associated with that event, and all rulers have the title Herzog from now until 593 AD, when Margrave is resumed.]

### 49. The eighth rulership of Austria

**Lynal** became Herzog after his father Nynter, and called the land Sannas, and wrote himself Linal a heathen, Herzog of Sannas. He took the national arms of his father. He took a countess of Hungary named Synna. Her father took on the helm a gold ring with a ruby, and a white shield with a green felberast. Linal was Herzog of Sannas 43 years. Duchess Sinna died 15 years before him. They were both buried in Stockerau. They left three children: the eldest, a boy, named Rantan; a daughter named Lengna, and the other boy named Poyna.

[Lynal's rulership over Sannas would be 1716-1684 BC. Hungary once again would refer to neighboring Pannonia.]

### 50. The ninth rulership of Austria

**Rantan** became herzog of Sannas after his father Lynal. Rantan took the national arms. He died without a wife three months after his father Lynal. Lengna, Herzog Lynal's daughter, died without a husband and is buried with her brother Rantan by their father.

### 51. The tenth rulership of Austria

**Poyna**, younger son of Herzog Lynal of Sannas, became Herzog of Sannas after his father. He took the national arms of his father. He took a Duchess of Bohemia named Sanna. Her father Pynas took on the helm a green veil with a red rose, and a black shield with a white panel, and in the white panel a golden mulrad. He was ruler 51 years. Duchess Sanna died 3 years after her husband, and they are both buried in Tulln. They had four children: the first daughter named Sinna, thereafter a boy named Pynan, thereafter a boy named Lippan, and a son named Rimman.

[Poyna's rulership over Sannas would be 1683-1632 BC. This Pynas may have been Herzog of Bohemia in the reign of Ingram of Germany, and likely contemporary to Herzog Skat of Helvetica, whose name is known from Scandinavian annals.]

### 52. The eleventh rulership of Austria

**Pynan**, son of Herzog Poynan of Sannas, became Herzog. He took the national arms, and was Herzog after his father one year, and died without a wife. After him his brother Lippan became Herzog.

### 53. The twelfth rulership of Austria

Herzog **Lippan** of Sannas took the national arms. He died without a wife 14 days after his brother. After him his brother Rimman became Herzog.

### 54. The thirteenth rulership of Austria

**Rimman**, Herzog of Sannas, took the national arms. He died without a wife half a year after his brother Lippan. All three brothers are buried by their father Poyna in Tulln. Herzog Poyna's daughter lady Sinna became Duchess of Sannas.

[Three younger sons took the succession before the older daughter, implying that this had become the established custom since the days of Laptan I. On the other hand, three sons dying in rapid succession, followed by a new Pannonian dynasty of Zawan by marriage to the daughter, may also be suggestive of some sort of conflict on this point occurring then, 1632-1631 BC.]

### 55. The fourteenth rulership of Austria

**Synna**, Duchess of Sannas, took a Herzog of Hungary named **Zawan**. Zawan became Herzog of Sannas and took the national arms of his father-in-law and brothers-in-law. He took for arms of inheritance, on the helm an oak and a bird thereon, and a green shield with a red panel. He was Herzog 61 years. Lady Sinna, Duchess of Sannas, died four and a half years after her husband Herzog Zawan, and they are both buried, west of where Griefenstein now lies. They left one son named Rattan.

[The rulership of Zawan over Sannas would be 1631-1570 BC. Zawan seems to have been Herzog of Sannas as well as Pannonia, indicating a personal union.]

### 56. The fifteenth rulership of Austria

**Rattan** became Herzog of Sannas and took the national arms. He took to wife a Duchess of Bohemia named Sanna. Her father took on the helm a star, and a red shield with a white streak over it. He was Herzog 67 years. Sanna died seven months before her husband Ratan. They were both buried in Nussdorf. They left two sons, the one named Reymar, the other Noro.

[The rulership of Rattan I over Sannas would be 1570-1503 BC.]

### 57. The sixteenth rulership of Austria

**Reymar** became Herzog of Sannas after his father Ratan. He took the national arms, and was Herzog one and a half months, and died without a wife, and is buried near his father. After him his brother Noro became Herzog.

### 58. The seventeenth rulership of Austria

**Noro** took the national arms of his father Rattan. He took a wife of the land, that is now called Kernden, who was called Lenna. Her father took on the helm a bird called a gibbets, and a black shield with a red panel. Herzog Noro was Herzog of Sannas 43 years. Duchess Lenna lived after her husband Noro in the second year. They are both buried at Nussdorf. They left two children, a daughter named Sanna, and a son named Auez. The daughter died too young and lies near her father.

[Noro's rulership over Sannas would be 1503-1460 BC]

### 59. The eighteenth rulership of Austria

**Auez** became Herzog of Sannas, and changed the name of the land, and called it Pannaus, and wrote himself Auez a heathen, Herzog of Pannaus. He took the national arms of his father. He took a Duchess of Bohemia named Lenna. Her father took on the helm a wheat grain with a golden head, and a black shield with white streaks crossing over. Herzog Auez was Herzog of Sannas 57 years, and his wife Lenna lived after him 9 years. They are both buried at Korneuburg. They left one son named Nonas.

[Auez' rulership over Pannaus would be 1460-1403 BC. The new name is probably the same as what later became Pannonia, and may possibly reflect formalization of the personal union that had existed since the Zawanite dynasty started in 1631 BC.]

### 60. The nineteenth rulership of Austria

**Nonas** became Herzog of Pannaus. He changed the national arms, and took on the helm two white angels flying, and between them a little boy, white above the belt and red below, and a black shield with a white eagle. He took a countess of Lanazz in his land, named Lenna. Her father took on the helm a bird called a Hyl, and a red shield with a black streak lengthwise. Nonas was Herzog of Pannauz 57 years. Lady Lenna died a year and a half before her husband. They were both buried below Nussdorf. They left a daughter named Sinna. Sinna became Duchess of Pannauz and took a count from Panticz, who was named Tanton. The county was located in the Herzogtum of Pannauz.

[Nonas' rulership over Pannaus would be 1403-1346 BC. His motive for changing the national emblem instituted by Abraham 600 years earlier is unclear, but may have to do with further assimilation with Pannonia.]

### 61. The twentieth rulership of Austria

**Tanton** became Herzog of Pannaus. He took from inheritance, on the helm a grapevine, and a white shield with a red streak over it. Herzog Tanton took the national arms of his father in law Nonas. He was Herzog 40 years. His wife Sinna died 4 years before him. They were both buried behind Kallenberg. They left two sons, the one named Tatan, the other named Remar. The young Herzog Remar died before his father and is buried near him.

[Tanton's rulership over Pannaus would be 1346-1306 BC. He would represent a new dynasty or paternal line, but there seems to have been no struggle or contest as this was achieved through peaceful marriage to a native nobleman.]

### 62. The twenty-first rulership of Austria

**Tatan** became Herzog of Pannaus, and took the national arms. He took a Duchess of Bohemia, who was named Synnan. Her father took on the helm a black eagle, and a green shield with a black streak over across. He was Herzog 61 years. Lady Synnan, his wife, died five years before him. They were buried where the arm of the Danube separates going to Vienna. They left two daughters, the elder named Sanna, the other Lany. Duchess Sanna died over one year after her father. Herzog Tatan's younger daughter Lany became Duchess of Pannaus and took a Herzog of Bohemia, who was called Mantan.

[Tatan's rulership over Pannaus would be 1306-1245 BC.]

### 63. The twenty-second rulership of Austria

**Mantan** became Herzog of Pannaus and his wife Lany. He took on the helm a white eagle, and a red shield with a white streak over it. He took the national arms of his father in law Herzog Tatan. He was Herzog 49 years. Duchess Lany died before her husband two years. They are buried at Tulln. They left a son named Manan.

[Mantan's of Bohemia's rulership over Pannaus would be 1245-1196 BC. This means yet another paternal line, and possibly a personal union with Bohemia. Brenner I of Bavaria also came to the throne there in 1245 BC, and seems to have been active in reasserting German authority south of the Danube; it is even remotely possible that Mantan's name is a distortion of Brenner, and that he himself married the Duchess of Pannonia to cement his claim to it. Brenner however is said to have ruled Germany until only 1207 BC, followed by Heccar, which is more difficult to align with Mantan's dates.]

### 64. The twenty-third rulership of Austria

**Manan** became Herzog of Pannaus and took the national arms. He took a countess of Hungary named Lenna. Her father took on the helm a black eagle, and a black shield with a white streak over across. He was Herzog 59 years. Lady Lenna died three and a half years before her husband: they are both buried, where the monastery of Klosterneuburg lies. They left two children, the first a boy named Nanaym, the other a daughter named Senna. Senna died before her father Manan and is buried near him.

[Manan I's rulership over Pannaus would be 1196-1137 BC.]

### 65. The twenty-fourth rulership of Austria

**Nanaim** became Herzog of Pannaus and carried the national arms. He took a duchess of Hungary named Menna. Her father carried on the helm a black unit, and a red shield with a green streak lengthwise. Nanaym was Herzog 38 years. Lady Menna died 4 years after her husband. They are buried in the hill near St Lazer in the field. They left 3 children: the first was a daughter named Lenna, them a daughter named Zema, then a son named Ramaim. Duchess Lenna died without a husband. Herzog Ramaym, the youngest child, died in the year after the father. Lady Zema, Herzog Nanaim's middle child, became Duchess of Pannaus. She took a Herzog of Hungary named Mangaizz.

[Nanaim's rulership over Pannaus would be 1137-1099 BC.]

### 66. The twenty-fifth rulership of Austria

**Mangais** became Herzog with his wife Zema of Pannaus. He changed the land's name from Pannaus, and called it Tantamo, and wrote himself Mangais a heathen, Herzog of Tantamo. He carried from inheritance on the helm an aglastern and a white shield with a red disc. He changed the national arms of Tantamo and carried a white eagle with black wings and a green shield with a black disc. He was Herzog 46 years. Lady Zema died over five years after her husband. They are buried before Werder Tor. They left a son named Manan.

[Here we have a new paternal line, a new name and a new emblem. Although the paternal line reverts from Bohemia to Pannonia, the name of Pannaus is now dropped. Mangais' rulership over Tantamo would be 1099-1053 BC.]

### 67. The twenty-sixth rulership of Austria

**Manan** became Herzog of Tantamo. He took a duchess from Bohemia named Sinna. Her father carried on the helm two angel wings, one white, the other green, and between them a girl's head; and a black shield with a white disc. He carried the national weapon, as his father had established. He was Herzog 55 years. Lady Sinna died four years before her husband. They are both buried above Nussdorff. The left a daughter named Semna, who became Duchess of Tantamo. Semna took a Herzog of Hungary named Laptan.

[Manan II's rulership over Tantamo would be 1053-998 BC.]

### 68. The twenty-seventh rulership of Austria

**Laptan** became Herzog of Tantamo with his wife Semna. He carried the national arms as his brother in law Manan. He carried from inheritance, on the helm a stuck wing with twelve steaks over it, white and black, and a black shield with a white disc and in the disc a golden crown. He was Herzog 67 years. Lady Semna died four years before her husband. They are both buried in Kalenberg. The left one son named Lanan.

[Laptan III's rulership over Tantamo would be 998-931 BC. This is seemingly a new paternal line, but still from Pannonia.]

### 69. The twenty-eighth rulership of Austria

**Lanan** became Herzog of Tantamo and took a duchess from Bohemia named Sanna. Her father carried on the helm a green apple branch and a goldfinch thereon, and a back shield with a white streak across. He carried the national arms. He was Herzog 51 years. Lady Sanna died four years before her husband. They are buried before Werder Tor. They left three children, a daughter named Sanna and a daughter named Senna and a son named Maran. Duchess Senna died before her father Herzog Lanan and is buried near him.

[Lanan's rulership over Tantamo would be 931-880 BC.]

### 70. The twenty-ninth rulership of Austria

**Maran** became Herzog of Tantamo. He carried the national arms. He was Herzog half a year, and died without a wife and is buried near his father. Thereafter was Duchess Sanna, Herzog Lanan's eldest daughter. Sanna Duchess of Tantamo took a herzog of Bohemia named Manay.

[Maran's rulership over Tantamo would be 880-879 BC.]

### 71. The thirtieth rulership of Austria

**Manay** became Herzog of Tantamo with his wife Sanna. He carried the national arms as his father in law Lanan. He carried from inheritance on the helm a white eagle, and a white shield with a green disc. He was Herzog 54 years. Lady Sanna died two years before her husband. They are buried above Nussdorff. They left two children, the first a boy named Tantan, the other a daughter named Lemna. Duchess Lemna died without a husband and is buried near her father.

[Manay's rulership over Tantamo would be 879-825 BC. Once again a new paternal line from Bohemia is indicated here.]

### 72. The thirty-first rulership of Austria

**Tantan** became Herzog of Tantamo. He carried the national arms. He took a duchess of Hungary, named Malan. Her father carried on the helm a green kurbitz, and a green shield with a red streak over it. He was Herzog 57 years. Lady Malan died five years after her husband. They are buried above Nussdorff. They left three children, one son named Zanan, they other son named Peyman, and a daughter named Peynin.

[Tantan's rulership over Tantamo would be 825-768 BC.]

### 73. The thirty-second rulership of Austria

**Zanan** became Herzog of Tantamo after his father, and carried the national arms. He was Herzog of Tantamo 3 months, and died without a wife and without heirs, and is buried near his father. The youngest daughter Peynin died without a husband and is buried near her father.

### 74. The thirty-third rulership of Austria

**Peyman**, Herzog Tantan's other son, became Herzog of Tantamo after his brother Zanan. He took a duchess of Hungary, named Lanna. Her father carried on the helm two horns, one white and one black, and a blue shield with a white streak across. He carried the national arms. He was Herzog 48 years. Duchess Lanna died over two years after her husband. They are buried where the monastery of Klosterneuburg is. They left 3 sons: The one named Nanman, the other Gennan, the third Saptan.

[Peyman's rulership over Tantamo would be 768-720 BC.]

### 75. The thirty-fourth rulership of Austria

When Herzog Peyman of Tantamo and his wife Duchess Lanna passed, they both were heathens and had believed in the idols, and also their predecessors, female and male, believed the same heathen beliefs, and also the land of Tantamo, and all the people and princes and princesses, from the time that the first people came into the land, Margrave Abraham and his wife Susanna; they now left their children and they were totally given to Jewish beliefs. When Herzog Peyman of Tantamo passed and his wife Duchess Lanna, then their middle son Gennan became Herzog. He carried the national arms of his father Herzog Peyman.

[This paragraph was clearly mistitled by whomever added the titles to the older text, which adds a separate paragraph whenever there is a change of state religion.]

### 76. The thirty-fifth rulership of Austria

**Gennan** became Herzog of Tantamo and was converted by the Jews and did it partly gladly, as he let himself be circumcised, and took on himself the Jewish life and put the idols down and believed the Jewish faith. Herzog Gennan called himself then Gennan a Jew, Herzog of Tantamo. He was Herzog 4 years and died without wife, when at that time there were not many Jewish princes, for to give him their daughter. he is buried near his father Herzog Peyman. When Herzog Gennan passed, then the rulers became both his brothers Nanman and Saptan, whom he had also converted to the Jewish faith.

[The rulership of Gennan over Tantamo would be 720-716 BC by my calculation; this works out to the conversion of Tantamo to Judaism coming about a year after Sargon III of Assyria deported the ten tribes from Samaria. All Herzogs are said to follow Judaism from this time until AD 215, when they reverted to paganism; this is about the time Judaism was officially outlawed in the Roman Empire, of which this Austrian state was by then a part. There virtually no available information as to what sort of Judaism would have practised, or how faithfully, in Austria between 720 BC and AD 215, but it must have been low key and only in a small region of Europe.]

### 77. The thirty-sixth rulership of Austria

**Nanman** and Saptan divided the land. The lower part then fell to Nanman and the upper part to his brother Saptan. Nanman took a duchess of Hungary named Meynin, and became Herzog in his part of Tantamo.

[Nanman is enumerated as a distinct ruler of Tantamo, although he only ruled the lower part of it, concurrently (from 716 BC) and subordinate to his brother Saptan, who adopted new arms and changed the name of Tantamo to Mittanauz.]

### 78. The thirty-seventh rulership of Austria

**Saptan** became Herzog and ruler over his brother Nanman and over the land of Tantamo and changed the name of the land from Tantamo and called the land Mittanauz and changed the national arms and carried on the helm a black eagle and a blue shield with a golden crown. Herzog Saptan took a duchess from Bohemia named Salaim, who was also a Jew. Her father carried on the helm a rose branch with white roses and a blue shield with a red streak lengthwise. Saptan was Herzog 61 years. Lady Salaim died over 8 years after her husband Herzog Saptan. They are buried before Stubentor. They left two sons, the one named Tanton, the other named Rippan. Tanton died without wife before his father and is buried near his father.

[Saptan's rulership over Mittanauz would be 716-655 BC.]

### 79. The thirty-eighth rulership of Austria

**Rippan** became Herzog of Mittanauz and was a Jew. He carried his great-grandfather's arms, Herzog Peyman of Tantamo. He took a countess from Penenaw, that was situated in his land, named Menna. Her father carried on the helm a golden crown and therein a cloven almond, red and green, and a red shield with a blue disc. He was Herzog 57 years. Duchess Menna died 5 and a half years after her husband. They are buried at Tulln. They left 3 children, the first a son named Lantawz, thereafter a daughter Pamyn and thereafter a daughter named Rachaym. Lantawz and his sister Pamyn died before their father Herzog Rippan, without wife and without husband, and are buried near their father. Lady Rachaim, Herzog Rippan's youngest child, became Duchess of Mittanauz and took a Herzog of Hungary, who was named Salant and was a Jew.

[Rippan's rule over Mittanauz would be 655-598 BC.]

### 80. The thirty-ninth rulership of Austria

**Salant** became Herzog of Mittanauz with his wife Duchess Rachaim. He carried from inheritance on the helm a crowned maiden in a white garment and a blue shield with a red streak over it. He carried the national arms as his father in law Herzog Rippan. He was Herzog 45 years and is buried above Nussdorf. He and his wife Rachaim had one son named Piltan. He died without wife before his father and mother and lies buried near him. When Herzog Salant of Mittanauz and his son Piltan passed, then another man took his wife Duchess Rachaim, who was called Graf Laptan of Bohemia and was a Jew.

[Salant's rulership would be 598-553 BC. Judaism seems to have been adopted by at least some of the nobility of the neighboring states, Lower Pannonia ('Hungary') and Bohemia. But Aventinus indicates it was roughly during these same years, that the Swabian Marcomanni tribe drove the Bavarian Boji tribe out of Bohemia. Graf Laptan could thus be an ethnic Boji who has recently vacated Bohemia, or alternatively an ethnic Marcomanni in the new Bohemia.]

### 81. The fortieth rulership of Austria

**Laptan** became Herzog of Mittanauz with his wife Duchess Rachaim. He changed the name of the land and called it Fannaw. He then styled himself Laptan a Jew, Herzog of Fannaw. He carried the national arms as his wife's former husband, Herzog Salant of Mittanauz. He carried from inheritance on the helm a dry branch and a swallow thereon and a blue shield with a crowned boy in white garments. He was Herzog fifteen years. Duchess Rachaim died a year and a half before her husband. They were buried in front of Werder Tor. Then the land of Fannaw became vacant and there was neither prince nor princess then, when Herzog Laptan and his wife Rachaim passed without heir. At the time there was sitting in the land, that is now called Hungary, a Jewish Herzog, who was called Almantan. The same seeded himself with power and won the Herzogtum of Fannaw and became Herzog himself.

[Laptan IV ruled Fannaw 553-538 BC, with a new name for the state, again seemingly showing the association with Pannonia. Following this in 538 BC comes the vague suggestion of a forceful succession with Almantan. The land later called Hungary was also known as Pannonia then, but there were two Pannonias, the lower one between the Save and Drave is probably what is meant.]