Edward Norton

American actor and filmmakerTemplate:SHORTDESC:American actor and filmmaker[[Category:**Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Pagetype/config' not found.**s with short description]]

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* Actor
* filmmaker

**Edward Harrison Norton** (born August 18, 1969) is an American actor and filmmaker. He has received multiple awards and nominations, including a Golden Globe Award and three Academy Award nominations.

Born in Massachusetts and raised in Maryland, Norton was drawn to theatrical productions at local venues as a child. After graduating from Yale College in 1991, he worked for a few months in Japan before moving to New York City to pursue an acting career. He gained immediate recognition for his debut in *Primal Fear* (1996), which earned him a Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actor and an Academy Award nomination in the same category. His role as a reformed neo-Nazi in *American History X* (1998) earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor. He also starred in the film *Fight Club* (1999), which garnered a cult following.

Norton emerged as a filmmaker in the 2000s. He established the production company Class 5 Films in 2003, and was director or producer of the films *Keeping the Faith* (2000), *Down in the Valley* (2005), and *The Painted Veil* (2006). He continued to receive critical acclaim for his acting roles in films such as *The Score* (2001), *25th Hour* (2002), *The Illusionist* (2006), *Moonrise Kingdom* (2012), and *The Grand Budapest Hotel* (2014). His greatest commercial successes have been *Red Dragon* (2002), *Kingdom of Heaven* (2005), *The Incredible Hulk* (2008), and *The Bourne Legacy* (2012). For his role in the black comedy *Birdman* (2014), Norton earned another Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor.

Despite critical plaudits, Norton has gained notoriety for being difficult to work with, including incidents such as editing the final cuts and rewriting screenplays against the will of other producers. He is discreet about his personal life and has expressed no interest in being a celebrity. Outside of acting and filmmaking, he is an environmental activist and social entrepreneur. He is a trustee of Enterprise Community Partners, a non-profit organization which advocates for affordable housing, and serves as president of the American branch of the Maasai Wilderness Conservation Trust. He is also the UN Goodwill Ambassador for Biodiversity. He is married to Canadian film producer Shauna Robertson, with whom he has one child.

## Early life

Edward Harrison Norton was born into a progressive Episcopalian family in Boston, Massachusetts, on August 18, 1969. He was raised in Columbia, Maryland. His father, Edward Mower Norton Jr., served in Vietnam as a Marine lieutenant before becoming an environmental lawyer and conservation advocate working in Asia and a federal prosecutor in the Carter administration.**Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor\_id\_list' not found.** His mother, Lydia Robinson "Robin" (née Rouse), was an English teacher who died of a brain tumor in 1997. Norton's maternal grandfather, James Rouse, was the founder of urban planning enterprise The Rouse Company and co-founder of the real estate corporation Enterprise Community Partners. He has two younger siblings named Molly and James.

At age five, Norton saw the musical *Cinderella* with his parents at the Columbia Center for Theatrical Arts (CCTA), which ignited his interest in the theater. He enjoyed watching movies with his father as a pre-teen, but later reflected that he was fascinated with the cinematography rather than the acting. Norton recalled that it was theater and not movies that inspired him to act. He made his professional debut at the age of eight in the musical *Annie Get Your Gun* at his hometown's Toby's Dinner Theatre. At the CCTA, he acted in several theatrical productions directed by Toby Orenstein. At 15, Norton's acting aspiration was further consolidated when he saw Ian McKellen's rendition of the one-act play *Acting Shakespeare* at the National Theatre in Washington, D.C.

In 1984, Norton won the acting cup at Pasquaney, an annual summer camp for boys in Hebron, New Hampshire, where he later returned as a theater director. He subsequently immersed himself in movies, naming Dustin Hoffman and Robert De Niro as two of his early inspirations because "the ones [he] liked were also the ones who made [him] think [he] could do it because they weren't the most handsome guys". He graduated from Wilde Lake High School in 1987. He attended Yale College, where he earned a BA in History. While there, he also studied Japanese, acted in university productions, and was a competitive rower. After graduating from Yale in 1991, conversant in Japanese, Norton worked not-for-profit as a representative for his grandfather's company Enterprise Community Partners in Osaka, Japan. He also trained in aikido in both the U.S. and Japan.

## Career

### 1991–1994: Career beginnings

After five months in Japan, Norton moved to New York City, where he supported himself working odd jobs. He took six months researching different acting techniques, focusing on method acting. He later took lessons from acting coach Terry Schreiber after discovering he was looking for a Japanese translator to help direct a play in Tokyo.**Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor\_id\_list' not found.** Norton described him as a great teacher who encouraged students to become "multilingual actors" with different techniques for versatile roles.**Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor\_id\_list' not found.**

Norton also wrote scripts for plays at the Signature Theatre Company and starred in Off-Broadway theater. His performance in Brian Friel's *Lovers* brought him to the attention of playwright Edward Albee, whose one-act plays Norton enjoyed. In 1994, Norton auditioned for Albee's *Finding the Sun* but did not get the part. Albee found a new role for him instead and had Norton read for *Fragments*. The playwright was impressed with Norton's rehearsal performance and cast him for its world premiere. Albee remarked that Norton was a rare actor "who really knocked me out". Norton recalled that he was inspired by Al Pacino, who also began his career in theater while struggling to establish himself in New York.

### 1995–1999: Breakthrough

In 1995, casting agent Shirley Rich discovered Norton. He then rented a studio space near The Public Theater and presented his auditions of Shakespearean works to her. Impressed by his acting, she introduced Norton to the executives of the noir drama *Primal Fear*, an adaptation of William Diehl's 1993 novel. He was selected for the part over two thousand other prospects. Released in 1996, *Primal Fear* features Norton in the role of Aaron Stampler, an altar boy who is charged with the murder of a Roman Catholic archbishop and is defended by Martin Vail (Richard Gere). His performance was lauded by critics; the *Chicago Sun-Times* praised Norton's character as "completely convincing", while the *San Francisco Chronicle* dubbed the actor "the one to watch" after his compelling debut. Norton won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor and was nominated for an Academy Award in the same category for his role in the film. Norton starred in two other films released in 1996; he played Holden Spence in the musical *Everyone Says I Love You* and lawyer Alan Isaacman in the biographical drama *The People vs. Larry Flynt*.

 File:Ed Norton 1997.jpg
In 1998, Norton starred alongside Matt Damon in *Rounders*, which follows two friends who urgently need cash and play poker to pay off a huge debt. The film and Norton's performance received a lukewarm response; *Entertainment Weekly* wrote that his acting "never really goes anywhere", while the *Chicago Reader* observed that his character was not good enough to make the film interesting. His role in the crime drama *American History X*, released later that year, earned him widespread acclaim. In it, Norton portrays Derek Vinyard, a reformed neo-Nazi, who abandons his preconceived ideology after three years in prison. During production, Norton was allegedly dissatisfied with director Tony Kaye's first screening. Consequently, he took over the editing (uncredited) and finished the final cut, which was 40 minutes longer than Kaye's version. *The New Yorker* noted that he gave Derek an "ambiguous erotic allure" which made the film memorable, while the *Chicago Tribune* deemed his performance an immediate contender for an Oscar. Norton did receive an Oscar nomination for Best Actor, and won a Golden Satellite Award in the same category.

In the 1999 David Fincher-directed film *Fight Club*, Norton played an unnamed unreliable narrator who feels trapped in his white-collar job. The film is based on Chuck Palahniuk's 1996 novel. To prepare for the role, Norton took lessons in boxing, taekwondo and grappling. *Fight Club* premiered at the 1999 Venice International Film Festival. During promotion for the film, Norton explained that *Fight Club* examines the value conflicts of Generation X as the first generation raised on television, by probing "the despair and paralysis that people feel in the face of having inherited this value system out of advertising". While the film divided contemporary critics, Norton's role was widely applauded. *Time* labeled him "excellent", and *Variety* was impressed by his embracing a range of techniques needed for his character. For his performance, Norton was nominated for Best Actor by the Online Film Critics Society. Despite a worse-than-expected performance at the box office, *Fight Club* has become a cult classic after its DVD release in 2000.

### 2000–2006: Continued success and emergence as a filmmaker

In 2000, Norton made his directorial debut with the romantic comedy *Keeping the Faith*, starring as a priest named Brian Finn. The film received mixed critical reviews. *The Dallas Morning News* praised his acting and labeled the movie "a smart directorial debut". *Entertainment Weekly* remarked that Norton's emergence as a director was decent, but criticized the plot because it "proposes heavy theological aims, then disavows any such thing". In 2001's heist film *The Score*, Norton plays Jack Teller, an ambitious young thief caught in an unlikely alliance with experienced thief Nick Wells (Robert De Niro) arranged by his long-time friend Max (Marlon Brando). *The Score* and Norton's performance was well received. The *San Francisco Chronicle* observed that despite starring with screen legends De Niro and Brando, Norton was not overwhelmed and that his acting "outdoes even that of Brando". The *Los Angeles Times* also lauded him as an "enormously gifted young actor" who pulled off the character successfully.

 File:Nelson Rockefeller at Critical Choices meeting 1133 17 February 28 1975-1-.JPG
Norton appeared in four films released in 2002. He played kids show host Sheldon Mopes, who quickly rises to fame for his character "Smoochy the Rhino", in the black comedy *Death to Smoochy*. It received negative critical feedback for its ill-crafted plot. He also portrayed Nelson Rockefeller in the biopic film *Frida*, which depicts the life of Mexican artist Frida Kahlo (Salma Hayek). Norton rewrote the script several times without credit, focusing on the historical context and adding some humor while retaining Kahlo's real-life crude personality. The final screenplay, with Norton's contribution, received positive reviews from critics as well as admiration from the film's co-stars including Hayek and Alfred Molina. In the horror film *Red Dragon*, Norton stars as retired FBI profiler Will Graham, who is assigned to track down a mysterious serial killer utilizing his psychological abilities. During production, Norton and director Brett Ratner argued frequently over the script. "He likes to challenge the director. It's all about intellectual debate," Ratner told The Times in 2003. ". . . Edward's instinct is going to be, 'I have to take over this film.' He's going to try to rescue the film. That's both a blessing and a curse." Despite mixed reviews, *Red Dragon* was Norton's most profitable venture in 2002, grossing over $200 million. Norton also co-produced and featured in *25th Hour*, a film about post-9/11 New York City.

Paramount Pictures forced Norton to star in the heist film *The Italian Job* (2003), threatening to sue him for violating a three-film contract he had signed; the studio had previously distributed 1996's *Primal Fear* and 2001's *The Score*.**Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor\_id\_list' not found.** Norton, accordingly, refused to promote the film's release. His performance was well received by critics, with *The New Yorker* calling him "intelligent and incisive ... one of those rare actors who hold the audience's attention with everything they say". *Rolling Stone* praised his character as "perversely magnetic" despite giving the film a negative review. During this time, Norton co-founded a production company, Class 5 Films, with Yale classmate Stuart Blumberg and film producer Bill Migliore. Norton was cast as Baldwin IV, the leper king of Jerusalem, in 2005's epic historical film *Kingdom of Heaven*. Reviewers criticized the film's lack of depth, despite the spectacular cinematography. It grossed over $211 million worldwide. Norton's next lead role was in the neo-western film *Down in the Valley* (2005), playing a delusional man who purports to be a cowboy. While the film was criticized for its clumsy narrative, Norton received plaudits for his acting.

Norton had two major film roles in 2006, starring as Eisenheim the magician in *The Illusionist* and bacteriologist Walter Fane in *The Painted Veil*. Set in 19th-century Austria-Hungary, *The Illusionist* was loosely based on novelist Steven Millhauser's short story "Eisenheim the Illusionist" and received generally positive critical reviews. The *San Francisco Chronicle* dubbed the film "rich and elegant" and wrote of Norton's character: "he doesn't just seduce the on-screen audience but the audience watching in the movie theater". The *Houston Chronicle* similarly lauded the film for its vibrant plot and described Norton's performance as "mysterious and understated". Norton co-produced *The Painted Veil*, in which he starred with Naomi Watts, who portrayed his character's unfaithful wife. Like his previous venture, *The Painted Veil* garnered positive feedback from reviewers. *The Guardian* applauded the film as "faultless" and "powerful" as well as Norton's "genuinely affecting" performance. *Entertainment Weekly* appreciated that Norton's production effort did not affect his conventionally compelling acting.

### 2007–2011: *The Incredible Hulk* and controversies

 File:Edward Norton 2009 Film Festival.jpg
Norton appeared in two documentaries in 2007: *Brando*, which chronicles the life and career of screen legend Marlon Brando, with whom Norton co-starred in 2001's *The Score*, and *Man from Plains*, which depicts the post-presidency endeavors of former U.S. president Jimmy Carter. His next lead film role was Marvel Cinematic Universe's Bruce Banner, and the accompanying alter ego Hulk in the big-budget superhero film *The Incredible Hulk*, released in 2008. Norton initially turned down the part as he felt the 2003 version *Hulk* "strayed far afield from a story that was familiar to people, ... which is a fugitive story". He provided rewrites of the script every day of filming. Director Louis Leterrier welcomed his contributions, saying that, "Edward's script has given Bruce's story real gravitas". However, screenwriter Zak Penn was displeased with Norton's changes. The Writers Guild of America credited Penn as the sole writer, arguing that Norton had not contributed significantly to the screenplay. Norton did not participate in promoting the film and went to Africa for humanitarian activities instead. This led to rumors that Norton was sparking conflicts with the film's producers. He dismissed the accusations and said that the media had misrepresented the "healthy" collaborations for headlines.

*The Incredible Hulk* received generally favorable reviews upon release. *The Wall Street Journal* felt that Norton's presence improved the film to "a thunderously efficient enterprise" from the 2003 version. Conversely, the *Los Angeles Times*, while recognizing Norton's decent performance, opined that the movie lacked a solid script. It was a box office success, grossing over $263 million. Norton was expected to reprise his role in future Marvel Cinematic Universe ventures, including the 2012 blockbuster *The Avengers*. However, he was replaced by Mark Ruffalo, allegedly due to Norton's "disputes" with Marvel. Norton later claimed that he chose not to play Hulk again because he "wanted more diversity" and opted against associating himself with one character throughout his career.

He also starred as Ray Tierney, an honest detective assigned to investigate the precinct run by his older brother, in the crime drama *Pride and Glory* (2008). Reviewers criticized the film for its cliched plot. In 2009, Norton produced the documentary *By the People: The Election of Barack Obama*, which follows former U.S. president Barack Obama's campaigns leading to his 2008 election victory. Norton planned for this project in 2006, when Obama was a senator from Illinois, elaborating that Obama was "an interesting prism through which to examine politics". He had two lead film roles in 2010. He portrayed Brown University Professor Bill and his identical twin Brady Kincaid in the comedy *Leaves of Grass*, and convicted arsonist Gerald "Stone" Creeson in the crime film *Stone*. Both projects received lukewarm reviews; the former was praised for Norton's performance but criticized for its conflicting tonal shifts, while the latter was panned because of a clumsy plot with excessive twists.

### 2012–present: *Birdman* and beyond

 File:Wes Anderson at the 2018 Berlin Film Festival.jpg
Norton had two lead film roles in 2012. He starred as scoutmaster Randy Ward in charge of finding his missing camper in the coming-of-age film *Moonrise Kingdom*, directed by Wes Anderson. The movie was acclaimed by critics and grossed over $68 million. His other lead role was in the action thriller *The Bourne Legacy*, the fourth installment in the *Bourne* series. In the movie, Norton portrayed retired Air Force colonel Eric Byer, who decides to terminate an illegal operation after it is exposed to the FBI, and kill everyone involved. *The Bourne Legacy* received lukewarm reviews but has been Norton's highest-grossing venture so far, earning over $276 million worldwide. Norton also produced the comedy-drama *Thanks for Sharing* (2012) under his company Class 5 Films. This production venture received a mixed response. *The Guardian* panned the film as "smug and humourless", while *The Washington Post* called it "surprisingly wise, funny and affecting".

In 2014, Norton played in two Academy Award-winning films, *The Grand Budapest Hotel* and *Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance)*. He collaborated again with director Anderson for *The Grand Budapest Hotel*, which featured an ensemble cast and won four Academy Awards. In the black comedy *Birdman*, Norton played Broadway method actor Mike Shiner, who is talented but hard to work with. The film, as well as Norton's performance, was well received by critics. The *Los Angeles Times* lauded him for successfully portraying the volatility of the character, and *Newsday* complimented his "truly moving" poetic delivery. The film won the Academy Award for Best Picture and earned Norton his third Academy nomination for Best Supporting Actor. Besides acting, Norton announced in February 2014 that he would direct *Motherless Brooklyn*, a crime drama based on the acclaimed 1999 novel by Jonathan Lethem. Norton had wanted to work on the project since 1999 but did not begin until Brett Ratner, director of 2002's *Red Dragon*, joined in to help production. Warner Bros. Entertainment distributed the film in November 2019.

Norton had voice-acting roles in the animated features *Sausage Party* (2016) and *The Guardian Brothers*—the English-dubbed version of the Chinese animated film *Little Door Gods* (2017). He played Whit Yardsham, an estranged friend and business partner of Howard Inlet (Will Smith) in the 2016 drama *Collateral Beauty*. The film was panned by critics due to its incoherent screenplay. Norton worked again with director Anderson for the 2018 stop motion film *Isle of Dogs*, in which he voiced Rex, a member of a pack of five dogs.

## Personal life

Norton opts not to discuss his personal life in public, as he believes that excessive media coverage can distract him from fulfilling his role as an actor. Following the release of *The People vs. Larry Flynt* (1996), tabloids spread rumors that Norton and his onscreen co-star Courtney Love were dating. Norton insisted that he was not romantically involved with Love, and the two were only friends and colleagues. However, Love confirmed they were in a brief, discreet relationship. She said that Norton had been a "mediator" and "communicator" between her and her daughter Frances Bean Cobain, calling him a "force of good".

After Norton had ended his relationship with Love in 1999, he started dating Salma Hayek, who he later appeared with in the 2002 biopic *Frida*. Norton absented himself from the premiere of *The Italian Job*, in which he starred, to attend the premiere of *The Maldonado Miracle*, Hayek's directorial debut. The two broke up in 2003. Hayek still remains friends with Norton. She recalled in a 2017 piece for *The New York Times* that he was among a "phalanx of angels" who helped with the screenplay of *Frida* to meet one of Harvey Weinstein's demands before he agreed to make the film. In 2011, Norton proposed to Canadian film producer Shauna Robertson after dating for six years. They married in 2012 and welcomed their first son, Atlas, in 2013.

## Off-screen work

### Environmental and humanitarian activism

 File:Edward Norton in Kenya (2010).jpg
Norton's father is an environmental lawyer and conservationist; Norton is an environmentalist. He narrated the four-part National Geographic documentary *Strange Days on Planet Earth* (2005), which examines earth system science. He is an advocate for renewable energy, specifically solar energy. After rising to stardom, Norton bought a solar energy-powered home in Los Angeles and switched to a hybrid car. In 2003, he collaborated with oil company BP to develop the Solar Neighbors program, which aimed to install photovoltaic panels on rooftops of households in Los Angeles. The initiative was welcomed by many of Norton's fellow celebrities, notably Salma Hayek, Brad Pitt, Danny DeVito, Alicia Silverstone and Robin Williams.

Norton is a supporter of the African Wildlife Foundation and its "Say No" campaign which raises awareness and fights against illegal poaching of elephants and rhinoceroses for ivory and horn. He is the president of the American branch of the Maasai Wilderness Conservation Trust. The organization aims to preserve the ecosystems and biodiversity of East Africa through conservation which directly benefits the local Maasai communities. To raise money for the trust, Norton fielded a team of thirty runners for the New York City Marathon on November 1, 2009; the team included himself, three Maasai tribesmen, and fellow celebrity musician Alanis Morissette. He raised over $1.2 million for the Trust after completing his run.

After the successful fundraising for the Maasai Conservation, Norton launched an online fundraising platform called Crowdrise in May 2010. The website uses a social-networking framework to help raise funds for charity. In July 2010, the then-Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN) named Norton the Goodwill Ambassador for Biodiversity and a spokesperson for the Convention on Biological Diversity. At his designation ceremony, Norton said that biodiversity is an issue that "transcends national boundaries", with people "having lost sight" of the need for environmental protection. As part of his job as a UN Ambassador, Norton has embarked on trips to Africa and participated in programs organized by UN bodies including the Development and Environment Programmes. He also played soccer (football) for *Soccer Aid* in May 2012; the event raised over £4.9 million for UNICEF to assist children worldwide.

### Politics and social causes

Norton has served as a member of the board of trustees of Enterprise Community Partners, a non-profit developer of affordable housing founded by his grandparents, since 1998. The company has invested $9 billion in equity capital, pre-development lending, mortgage financing, and house building for low-income Americans. In 2008, Norton initiated the company's plan to embark on green affordable housing. This originated with his concerns over environmental issues and sustainable development in addition to housing problems. He attributed his involvement in community building to his upbringing in Columbia, Maryland, which is a planned city built in the 1960s and home to a diverse population.

Norton believes celebrities should "participate quietly" in discussions on politics and social issues as, "Having a public forum tends to make people offer too casual a commentary". During the 2004 presidential election, Norton urged college students to vote against the Republican nominee George W. Bush, citing his plans to cut college financing and his support for tax breaks for the rich. He also made speeches to encourage voters to support Democratic nominee John Kerry. Norton was a supporter of Democrat Eliot Spitzer, former New York governor.

During the 2008 and 2012 presidential elections, Norton supported but did not actively campaign for the Democratic nominee Barack Obama, saying that "it's much more interesting to encourage people to engage than to suggest that people should model themselves on me and my views". He produced the 2009 documentary *By the People: The Election of Barack Obama*, which chronicles Obama's political activities from 2006 to his 2008 election victory. Norton held Obama in high regard as "a perfect framework" to explore contemporary U.S. politics. He produced a campaign video for Obama's 2012 presidential race with Bennett Miller; the video featured voters from diverse economic and racial backgrounds. He also expressed "grave concerns" over the Trump administration's position regarding climate change.

## Media image

 File:Ed Norton Shankbone Metropolitan Opera 2009.jpg
Norton has been regarded as one of the most talented actors of his generation. *The Daily Telegraph* observed that "the tag 'finest actor of his generation' clings to him wherever he goes". As he has portrayed acclaimed versatile roles in both big-budget and independent films, Norton has no definite onscreen archetypes. *The Observer* noted that his image was unlike that of conventional screen "stars" because his most memorable characters are unlikeable, specifically a neo-Nazi in *American History X*. It likened his characters to those played by Dustin Hoffman and Robert De Niro, whom Norton admires. *Interview* magazine commented that Norton has successfully portrayed a wide range of roles and found it impossible to simply characterize him as a leading man, a villain, or a character actor.

Despite critical plaudits, Norton is indifferent to overt stardom. He feels it necessary to keep his off-screen life to himself and opts for a "normal life". As soon as his career took off in the late 1990s, Norton asserted that, "If I ever have to stop taking the subway, I'm gonna have a heart attack". AllMovie remarked that Norton attained "almost instant stardom" following his 1996 film debut in *Primal Fear* and could have risen to even greater fame. *The Daily Telegraph* attributed Norton's lack of interest in celebrity status to his family of "distinguished political and social activists". Sharing the same sentiment, *Forbes* complimented Norton as "a far cry" from celebrities who do charity works "with a keen eye to furthering their personal brand", citing his involvements in community planning and social entrepreneurship even before his film career.

Norton has a strict work ethic and a high desire for professionalism. He is selective in choosing his roles, explaining that, "You don't want to do anything just ... to work with somebody. There are many actors I would like to work with but it has to be the right role". Drew Barrymore, his co-star in the 1996 musical *Everyone Says I Love You*, recalled that he was "on the set every day" and "never compromised for a second". He also expects different approaches to projects with different collaborators and wishes for "happy" working situations as long as "the boundaries of the collaboration are well-established in the beginning".

Because of his strong character, Norton has earned a reputation for being hard to work with. Incidents include Norton's editing the final cut of *American History X* (1998), which is 40 minutes longer than director Tony Kaye's version; conflicts with director Brett Ratner on the set of *Red Dragon* (2002); refusing to promote *The Italian Job* (2003); and rewriting the screenplay for *The Incredible Hulk* (2008), which displeased screenwriter Zak Penn, without credit. The *Los Angeles Times* opined that these incidents led to Norton's image as a "prickly perfectionist", which diminishes his reputation. Nevertheless, a few collaborators with whom Norton reportedly had disputes have expressed their respect for him: Kaye wanted to feature Norton in some of his other ventures, and Ratner offered to help with production of Norton's film *Motherless Brooklyn* and got along well with Norton. Some publications interpreted Norton's performance in *Birdman* (2014), in which he portrays a talented but volatile actor, as a self-referential nod to his image.

## Filmography and awards

*Main article: Edward Norton filmography*
*See also: List of awards and nominations received by Edward Norton*
According to the review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes, Norton's most critically acclaimed films are *Primal Fear* (1996), *Everyone Says I Love You* (1996), *The People vs. Larry Flynt* (1996), *American History X* (1998), *Fight Club* (1999), *The Score* (2001), *Frida* (2002), *25th Hour* (2002), *The Illusionist* (2006), *The Painted Veil* (2006), *Moonrise Kingdom* (2012), *The Grand Budapest Hotel* (2014), *Birdman* (2014), *Sausage Party* (2016), Collateral Beauty (2016) and *Isle of Dogs* (2018). His greatest commercial successes are *Red Dragon* (2002), *Kingdom of Heaven* (2005), *The Incredible Hulk* (2008), and *The Bourne Legacy* (2012), all of which grossed over $200 million worldwide. Norton has been nominated for three Academy Awards: Best Supporting Actor for *Primal Fear* and *Birdman*, and Best Actor for *American History X*. He also has two Golden Globe nominations for Best Supporting Actor for *Primal Fear* and *Birdman*, winning for the former.

## References

### Citations

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Brown, Mick (April 7, 2007). "Critical moment". *The Daily Telegraph*. Archived from the original on March 14, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190314044331/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3664304/Critical-moment.html. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Vincent, Sally (April 12, 2003). "He who calls the shots". *The Guardian*. Archived from the original on September 10, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140910231633/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2003/apr/12/features.weekend.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Edward Norton". Biography.com. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053900/http://www.biography.com/people/edward-norton-9542130. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
4. ↑ "Podcast: Sarah & Vinnie". Radio Alice. October 1, 2010. http://radioalice.radio.com/2010/10/01/podcast-sarah-vinnie-october-1st/.
5. ↑ Mottram, James (September 13, 2000). "Ed takes a leap of faith", *Evening Standard*. Archived from the original on December 17, 2013.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Edward Norton Profile". *Hello*. Archived from the original on September 11, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130911075416/http://www.hellomagazine.com/profiles/edward-norton/.
7. ↑ "Miss Lydia Rouse Wed", *The Baltimore Sun* (May 15, 1966), p. E12.
8. ↑ "Rich Before They Were Famous". E!. Archived from the original on August 20, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140820050402/https://www.eonline.com/photos/13293/rich-before-they-were-famous/405358.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 "Edward Norton Biography". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20081208191157/http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/contributor/1800018634/bio.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Hoban, Phoebe (January 19, 1997). "He's Hot But Cool To Lure Of Fame", *The New York Times*. Archived from the original on October 7, 2013.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Nitkin, Karen (April 4, 2012). "Columbia Center for Theatrical Arts marks 40 years of inspiring young talent", *The Baltimore Sun*. Archived from the original on October 11, 2017.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 Symkus, Ed (August 12, 2016). "Edward Norton really, really likes to talk about acting", *Carbondale Times*. Archived from the original on March 8, 2019.
13. ↑ Rodriguez, Alberto E.. "Lou vs. Edward: A tale of two Hulks". *Chicago Tribune*. Archived from the original on March 8, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190308092146/https://www.chicagotribune.com/la-et-twohulks-2008-pg-photogallery.html.
14. ↑ Kolker, Robert (October 6, 2010). "The Vulture Transcript: Stone's Edward Norton on Acting, Whether in Fight Club or The Incredible Hulk", *New York Magazine*. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013.
15. ↑ Gross, Doug (September 10, 2009). "Edward Norton plays marathon man to fund African conservation", CNN. Archived from the original on April 7, 2010.
16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 Handelman, David. "Wanted: Edward Norton", *Vogue*.
17. ↑ Template:Cite interview
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Hoban, Phoebe (January 19, 1997). "He's Hot But Cool To Lure Of Fame (Page 2)". *The New York Times*. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150527064033/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/19/movies/he-s-hot-but-cool-to-lure-of-fame.html?pagewanted=2.
19. ↑ Maslin, Janet (April 3, 1996). "Film Review; A Murdered Archbishop, Lawyers in Armani", *The New York Times*. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013.
20. ↑ "Primal Fear (1996)". https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1070992\_primal\_fear. Retrieved March 8, 2019. "... crackerjack performance by Edward Norton."
21. ↑ Ebert, Roger. "Primal Fear Movie Review". Ebert Digital LLC. Archived from the original on June 20, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130602063401/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/primal-fear-1996. Retrieved March 8, 2019.
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25. ↑ Maslin, Janet (September 11, 1998). "Film Review; Knowing When to Hold 'em and Fold 'em but Just Not When to Run", *The New York Times*. Archived from the original on February 15, 2012.
26. ↑ Gleiberman, Owen (September 18, 1998). "Rounders". *Entertainment Weekly*. Archived from the original on June 18, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070618133314/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,284869,00.html.
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30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Kaye, Tony (October 25, 2002). "Losing It". *The Guardian*. Archived from the original on August 24, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130824192834/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2002/oct/25/artsfeatures.advertising.
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36. ↑ Garrett, Stephen. "Freeze Frame".
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40. ↑ Gritten, David (September 14, 1999). "Premiere of Fight Club leaves critics slugging it out in Venice".
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56. ↑ "Frida (2002)". https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/frida. Retrieved March 9, 2019. "Frida is a passionate, visually striking biopic about the larger-than-life artist."
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78. ↑ Friedman, Josh (June 13, 2008). "New 'Incredible Hulk' may be bigger than old one", *Los Angeles Times*. Archived from the original on July 15, 2012.
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81. ↑ "News Etc", *Empire*, pp. 15–16.
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96. ↑ "Wes Anderson, Creating A Singular 'Kingdom'". NPR. February 15, 2013. Archived from the original on May 12, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180512112820/https://www.npr.org/2013/02/15/172006736/wes-anderson-creating-a-singluar-kingdom. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
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99. ↑ Debruge, Peter (September 9, 2012). "Film Review: Thanks for Sharing". *Variety*. Archived from the original on November 11, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131111041121/http://variety.com/2012/film/reviews/thanks-for-sharing-1117948263/.
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106. ↑ Sharky, Betsy (October 16, 2014). "'Birdman' soars feathered and unfettered". *Los Angeles Times*. Archived from the original on December 30, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141230024728/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-birdman-review-20141017-column.html.
107. ↑ Guzman, Rafer (October 16, 2014). "'Birdman' review: Unique, self-reflexive exploration of acting". *Newsday*. Archived from the original on October 18, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141018212658/http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/birdman-review-unique-self-reflexive-exploration-of-acting-1.9507936.
108. ↑ Fleming, Jr., Mike (February 20, 2014). "Edward Norton Will Helm Passion Project 'Motherless Brooklyn' With RatPac Funding". *Deadline Hollywood*. Archived from the original on October 10, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141010000530/http://deadline.com/2014/02/edward-norton-will-helm-passion-project-motherless-brooklyn-with-ratpac-funding-686666/.
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112. ↑ Lee, Ashley (January 17, 2017). "Edward Norton, Bella Thorne, Jim Gaffigan Join Animated 'Guardian Brothers'". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Archived from the original on September 19, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170919200737/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/edward-norton-bella-thorne-jim-gaffigan-join-animated-guardian-brothers-964913. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
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114. ↑ LaSale, Mick (December 15, 2016). "'Collateral Beauty' is lousy and likable". *San Francisco Chronicle*. Archived from the original on May 10, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170510164805/http://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Collateral-Beauty-is-lousy-and-likable-10798974.php.
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118. ↑ Fuller, Graham. "The New Edwardianism", *Interview Magazine*.
119. ↑ Moran, Caitlin (November 6, 2006). "Love, actually", *The Times* (London). Archived from the original on March 13, 2007.
120. ↑ "Courtney Love says Edward Norton is mediator between her and daughter Frances Bean". *New York Daily News*. March 13, 2010. Archived from the original on November 5, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131105013925/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/courtney-love-edward-norton-mediator-daughter-frances-bean-article-1.167270.
121. ↑ Corliss, Richard (April 17, 2000). "Norton Exposure", *Time*.
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123. ↑ "Edward Norton Gets Engaged in India". *The Indian Express*. March 11, 2011. http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/edward-norton-gets-engaged-in-india/769679/. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
124. ↑ Chen, Joyce (April 18, 2013). "Edward Norton and Shauna Robertson Secretly Wed Before Son's Birth", *Us Weekly*. Archived from the original on July 27, 2013.
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129. ↑ Heger, Monica (February 15, 2006). "Hollywood stars heat up solar power". CNN. Archived from the original on November 11, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20061111082535/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/business2\_archive/2006/01/01/8368105/index.htm.
130. ↑ "Say No Campaign". African Wildlife Foundation. Archived from the original on November 4, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151104075306/http://www.awf.org/projects/say-no-campaign. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
131. ↑ "About Us". Maasai Wilderness Conservation Trust. Archived from the original on January 13, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180113015216/http://maasaiwilderness.org/aboutus/. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
132. ↑ Gross, Doug (September 10, 2009). "Edward Norton plays marathon man to fund African conservation", CNN. Archived from the original on January 11, 2010.
133. ↑ Kung, Michelle (October 23, 2009). "Ed Norton Teams with Maasai Warriors To Run Marathon". *The Wall Street Journal*. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150924042010/http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2009/10/23/ed-norton-teams-with-maasai-warriors-to-run-marathon/.
134. ↑ 134.0 134.1 134.2 Banjo, Shelly (May 11, 2010). "Norton's Toughest Role". *The Wall Street Journal*. Archived from the original on May 16, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150516002838/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703880304575236432780628948.
135. ↑ Dickey, Jack (April 22, 2014). "Ed Norton's Charity Company Doesn't Sound So Charitable". *Time*. Archived from the original on November 30, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141130085026/http://time.com/72444/ed-nortons-charity-company-doesnt-sound-so-charitable/.
136. ↑ Elliott, Brooke; Buxbaum, Evan (July 8, 2010). "Actor Edward Norton named UN goodwill ambassador". CNN. Archived from the original on July 29, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100729063329/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/07/08/un.norton.goodwill.ambassador/index.html.
137. ↑ "UN names actor Edward Norton as celebrity advocate for preserving biodiversity". United Nations. July 8, 2010. Archived from the original on December 20, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111220002808/https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=35270&Cr=biodiversity&Cr1=.
138. ↑ Nino, F. Soto (June 21, 2012). "Rio+20: Interview with Ed Norton, UN Goodwill Ambassador for Biodiversity". United Nations. Archived from the original on March 13, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190313125432/https://news.un.org/en/story/2012/06/413892. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
139. ↑ Pierce, Dev (March 26, 2011). "Edward Norton – not appearing in a cinema near you". *The Guardian*. Archived from the original on December 4, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131204123712/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/mar/26/edward-norton-stone-leaves-grass.
140. ↑ "Proposal for the first 2018 UN Environment Management Group Nexus Dialogue" (PDF). Geneva: United Nations Environment Management Group. May 2–3, 2018. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/25385/Biodiversity%20and%20Human%20Security%20Nexus%20Dialogue%20note%20%284%20Apr%202018%29.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
141. ↑ "Soccer Aid 2014 – The Teams". UNICEF UK. Archived from the original on April 16, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130416074250/https://www.unicef.org.uk/soccer-aid/soccer-aid-2012-teams/. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
142. ↑ "Edward Norton". Enterprise Community Partners. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171002172614/https://www.enterprisecommunity.org/about/our-people/edward-norton. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
143. ↑ 143.0 143.1 McGirt, Ellen (October 1, 2008). "Edward Norton's $9,000,000,000 Housing Project (that's $9 Billion)". *Fast Company*. Archived from the original on August 18, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120818061432/http://www.fastcompany.com/1093656/edward-nortons-9000000000-housing-project-thats-9-billion.
144. ↑ Hyde, Catherine. "Edward Norton on communities, planned and perverse, and why New York is better than LA", *Horizon Magazine*. Archived from the original on March 11, 2000.
145. ↑ 145.0 145.1 Wheeler, Brad (December 15, 2016). "Edward Norton on fame, activism and his new film Collateral Beauty". *The Globe and Mail*. Archived from the original on January 12, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170112073511/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/film/edward-norton-on-fame-activism-and-his-new-film-collateral-beauty/article33337053/.
146. ↑ Crump, Sarah (October 21, 2004). "Actor urges audience to vote Bush out", *The Plain Dealer*.
147. ↑ Chong, Beryl (October 30, 2004). "Celebrities campaign in Reno", *Reno Gazette-Journal*.
148. ↑ Searer, Kirsten (November 1, 2004). "Campaigns work through weekend", *Las Vegas Sun*.
149. ↑ Hakim, Danny (January 16, 2008). "As Spitzer's Popularity Fell, Donors Rallied to His Side", *The New York Times*. Archived from the original on December 20, 2013.
150. ↑ 150.0 150.1 Weiner, Rachel (November 2, 2012). "Edward Norton makes Obama campaign video". *The Washington Post*. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2012/11/02/edward-norton-makes-obama-campaign-documentary/?noredirect=on. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
151. ↑ 151.0 151.1 Goldstein, Gregg (November 7, 2008). "HBO acquires rights to Obama documentary". *Reuters*. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-obama/hbo-acquires-rights-to-obama-documentary-idUSTRE4A60X920081107. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
152. ↑ "Edward Norton shoots doc in support of Barack Obama". *Toronto Sun*. November 4, 2012. https://torontosun.com/2012/11/04/edward-norton-shoots-doc-in-support-of-barack-obama/wcm/00db83c9-8165-448d-a90f-34da0dc5ab1c. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
153. ↑ 153.0 153.1 "Benedict Cumberbatch and Edward Norton on Dealing With the 'Insanity' of Fame". *Variety*. December 2, 2014. Archived from the original on June 22, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150622132631/https://variety.com/2014/film/news/benedict-cumberbatch-and-edward-norton-on-dealing-with-the-attention-of-fame-1201368291/. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
154. ↑ Jones, Wil (February 23, 2015). "Why We Need an Edward Norton Revival". *Complex*. https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2015/02/need-edward-norton-revival. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
155. ↑ Weiss, Max. "Edward Norton Goes Electric", *Baltimore*. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017.
156. ↑ O'Neal, Sean (October 31, 2010). "Interview: Edward Norton". *The A.V. Club*. Archived from the original on March 13, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190313052922/https://film.avclub.com/edward-norton-1798219579. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
157. ↑ 157.0 157.1 Miller, Bennett (November 3, 2014). "Edward Norton". *Interview Magazine*. Archived from the original on May 19, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150519004816/https://www.interviewmagazine.com/film/edward-norton. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
158. ↑ "The heist men cometh". *The Observer*. September 9, 2001. Archived from the original on May 9, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140509221846/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2001/sep/09/features.
159. ↑ "Edward Norton; A Methodical ascent to fame". *The Herald*. Glasgow. November 28, 2001. Archived from the original on March 7, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190307062122/https://www.heraldscotland.com/default\_content/12133522.face-of-the-day-edward-norton-a-methodical-ascent-to-fame/. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
160. ↑ 160.0 160.1 160.2 Lo, Ricky (November 3, 2002). "The Enigmatic Edward Norton". *The Philippine Star*. https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2002/11/03/182377/enigmatic-edward-norton. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
161. ↑ 161.0 161.1 Boice, Danny (July 3, 2014). "Edward Norton: We Would All Rather Be Working For Ourselves". *Forbes*. Archived from the original on October 3, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151003174952/https://www.forbes.com/sites/dannyboice/2014/07/03/edward-norton-we-would-all-rather-be-working-for-ourselves/. Retrieved March 9, 2019.
162. ↑ 162.0 162.1 Brennan, Sandra. "Edward Norton". AllMovie. Archived from the original on March 14, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190314060905/https://www.allmovie.com/artist/p215904. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
163. ↑ Tobias, Scott (January 3, 2007). "Edward Norton". *The A.V. Club*. Archived from the original on December 20, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20071220202028/http://www.avclub.com/content/node/57162/1.
164. ↑ Aftab, Kaleem (August 14, 2015). "Edward Norton interview: Fight Club actor talks Bruce Springsteen relationship advice, American History X, socialism and President Obama". *The Independent*. Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160820022717/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/edward-norton-interview-fight-club-actor-talks-bruce-springsteen-relationship-advice-american-10455660.html. Retrieved March 8, 2019.
165. ↑ Reese, Nathan (October 29, 2014). "Will the Real 'Birdman' Please Stand Up?". *Complex*. https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2014/10/deconstructing-birdman. Retrieved March 8, 2019.
166. ↑ "Edward Norton Films". https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/edward\_norton. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
167. ↑ Amaya, Mario (December 31, 2014). "Edward Norton (Birdman)". Hollywood Foreign Press Association. https://www.goldenglobes.com/edward-norton. Retrieved March 13, 2019.

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