1825

Events from the year **1825 in the United States**.

## Incumbents

### Federal Government

* President: James Monroe (DR-VA) (until March 4), John Quincy Adams (DR-MA) (starting March 4)
* Vice President: Daniel D. Tompkins (DR-NY) (until March 4), John C. Calhoun (DR-SC) (starting March 4)
* Chief Justice: John Marshall (VA)
* Speaker of the House of Representatives: Henry Clay (DR-KY) (until March 4), John W. Taylor (DR-NY) (starting December 5)
* Congress: 18th (until March 4), 19th (starting March 4)

Governors
* Governor of Alabama: Israel Pickens (Democratic-Republican) (until November 25), John Murphy (Democratic-Republican) (starting November 25)
* Governor of Connecticut: Oliver Wolcott Jr. (Toleration)
* Governor of Delaware: Samuel Paynter (Federalist)
* Governor of Georgia: George M. Troup (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Illinois: Edward Coles (Independent)
* Governor of Indiana: William Hendricks (Democratic-Republican) (until February 12), James B. Ray (Independent) (starting February 12)
* Governor of Kentucky: Joseph Desha (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Louisiana: Henry Johnson (National Republican)
* Governor of Maine: Albion K. Parris (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Maryland: Samuel Stevens Jr. (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Massachusetts:
	+ until February 6: William Eustis (Democratic-Republican)
	+ February 6-May 26: Marcus Morton (Democratic-Republican)
	+ starting May 26: Levi Lincoln Jr. (National Republican)
* Governor of Mississippi: Walter Leake (Democratic-Republican) (until November 17), Gerard Brandon ((Democratic-Republican) (starting November 17)
* Governor of Missouri: Frederick Bates (Democratic-Republican) (until August 4), Abraham J. Williams (Democratic-Republican) (starting August 4)
* Governor of New Hampshire: David L. Morril (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of New Jersey: Isaac Halstead Williamson (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of New York: DeWitt Clinton (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of North Carolina: Hutchins Gordon Burton (no political party)
* Governor of Ohio: Jeremiah Morrow (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Pennsylvania: John Andrew Shulze (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Rhode Island: James Fenner (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of South Carolina: Richard Irvine Manning I (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Tennessee: William Carroll (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Vermont: Cornelius P. Van Ness (Democratic-Republican)
* Governor of Virginia: James Pleasants (Democratic-Republican) (until December 10), John Tyler (Democratic-Republican) (starting December 10)

Lieutenant Governors
* Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut: David Plant (National Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Illinois: Adolphus Hubbard (Democratic-Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Indiana: John H. Thompson (Democratic-Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky: Robert B. McAfee (Democratic-Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts: Marcus Morton (political party unknown) (until month and day unknown), vacant (starting month and day unknown)
* Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi: David Dickson (no political party)
* Lieutenant Governor of Missouri: Benjamin Harrison Reeves (Democratic-Republican) (until July), vacant (starting July)
* Lieutenant Governor of New York: vacant (until January 1), James Tallmadge Jr. (Democratic-Republican) (starting January 1)
* Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island: Charles Collins (political party unknown)
* Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina: William Bull (Democratic-Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Vermont: Aaron Leland (Democratic-Republican)

## Events

### January - March

* January 10 – Indianapolis becomes the capital of Indiana (moved from Corydon, Indiana).
* February 9 – After no presidential candidate receives a majority of U.S. Electoral College votes, the United States House of Representatives elects John Quincy Adams President of the United States in a contingent election.
* February 12 – Treaty of Indian Springs: The Lower Creek Council, led by William McIntosh, cedes a large amount of Creek territory in Georgia to the United States government.
* March 4 – John Quincy Adams is sworn in as the 6th President of the United States, and John C. Calhoun is sworn in as Vice President of the United States.
* March 17 – The Norfolk & Dedham Group is founded as The Norfolk Mutual Fire Insurance Company.

### April - June

* April 30 – Upper Creek chief Menawa leads an attack that assassinates William McIntosh for signing the Treaty of Indian Springs.
* May 11 – American Tract Society is founded.
* June 2 – The Osage Nation cedes traditional lands by treaty.
* June 3 – Kansa Nation cedes its territory to the United States.
* June 11 – The first cornerstone is laid for Fort Hamilton in New York City.

### July - September

* July 14 – The Jefferson Literary and Debating Society is founded by 16 disgruntled members of the now-defunct Patrick Henry Society in Room 7, West Lawn, of the University of Virginia.
* August 19 – First Treaty of Prairie du Chien at Fort Crawford, Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin.

### October - December

* October 26 – The Erie Canal opens, granting passage from Albany, New York to Lake Erie.
* November 7 – Treaty of St. Louis: 1,400 Missouri Shawnees are forcibly relocated from Missouri to Kansas.
* November 12 – New Echota designated capital of the Cherokee Nation.
* November 26 – At Union College in Schenectady, New York a group of college students form Kappa Alpha Society as the first college social fraternity (it is the first to combine aspects of secret Greek-letter societies, literary societies and formalized student social groups).

## Memoriam

* January 8 – Eli Whitney, inventor of the cotton gin and milling machine (aged 59; New Haven, CT, USA)
* January 14 – Robert Goodloe Harper, U.S. Senator from Maryland 1816 (aged 60; Baltimore, MD, USA)
* February 6 – William Eustis, 12th Governor of Massachusetts, 6th United States Secretary of War (aged 71; Boston, MA, USA)
* March 1 – John Haggin, "Indian fighter" and early settler of Kentucky (aged 72; Harrodsburg, KY, USA)
* March 4 – Hercules Mulligan, tailor and spy during the American Revolutionary War (aged 84; New York City, NY, USA)
* March 25 – Raphaelle Peale, still-life painter (aged 51; Philadelphia, PA, USA)
* June 1 – Daniel D. Tompkins, 6th Vice President of the United States from 1817 to 1825 (aged 50; Staten Island, NY, USA)
* June 4 – Morris Birkbeck, writer and social reformer (aged 61; White County, IL, USA)
* June 14 – Pierre Charles L'Enfant, architect and civil engineer (aged 70; Prince George's County, MD, USA)
* August 16 – Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, politician and soldier (aged 79; Charleston, SC, USA)
* August 27 – Lucretia Maria Davidson, poet (aged 16; Plattsburgh, NY, USA)
* December 28 – James Wilkinson, soldier and statesman (aged 68; Mexico City, Mexico)