Sample 3 - Kasper

Our third subject shall mark the culmination of our Scandinavian thematic sequence. After delving into the lives of Subject 1, hailing from Sweden, and Subject 2, representing Norway, our attention now turns to Subject 3 - Kasper, a native of Denmark, positioned geographically in its southern expanse. Our upcoming inquiry involves an in-depth analysis of his genetic constitution, followed by a comparative assessment vis-à-vis the genetic profiles of the Swedish and Norwegian subjects.

## Genetic History

### Genetic Makeup / Ethnicity

#### North- and West European

*The population in Northern and Western Europe primarily comprises Germans, French, and Dutch individuals. The region has been influenced by significant historical events such as the establishment of the Catholic Church, the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, and the Industrial Revolution. Imperialistic expansions and the colonial era have disseminated Northern and Western European populations across the globe, with substantial communities in the Americas and parts of Africa and Oceania. This area has given rise to Western culture, encompassing innovations in fields like art, literature, philosophy, and scientific methodology, which have become global standards. Western Europeans hold a particular reverence for food. European culinary practices and table manners are highly developed, encompassing artisanal production of wine and cheese, baking, and cooking, which have evolved into art forms.*

*This particular ethnic group constitutes the predominant and principal DNA lineage within Kasper's genetic makeup. This occurrence holds significant interest, especially when juxtaposed against the anticipation of a Scandinavian genetic profile. Instead, the outcome reveals a divergence, possibly rooted in the historical context of Denmark's proximity to Germany, wherein the two nations share a history of common ancestry, migratory movements, and intermingling.*

#### Irish, Scottish and Welsh

*The western region of the British-Irish islands is inhabited by people of origins stemming from the six Celtic nations, composed of two ethno-linguistic groups: the Brythonic population, which was succeeded by the Old English population and settled in present-day Wales, Cornwall, and Brittany; and the Gaels, who became the predominant culture in Ireland and subsequently expanded into Scotland and the Isle of Man. Each of these cultures has continued to speak some variant of its original Celtic dialect. The Irish derive their name from the Gaelic term for land, Éire, and are heirs to a rich oral tradition of poetry, music, storytelling, dance, and mythology. The Scots, despite sharing common ancestors, developed their distinct culture as well as their own dialect of Gaelic and Scottish. They derive their name from the Latin term for all Gaels, "Scoti." Their British neighbors, the Welsh, were referred to as "walhaz," meaning "foreigner" or "stranger" in Germanic, and the name of their ethnicity and language derives from that term.*

*During the medieval period, the region was invaded by Anglo-Norman conquerors, and English colonization during the 16th and 17th centuries altered its ethnic and linguistic character. The English language was introduced and is now widely prevalent across the British-Irish islands. However, the Irish, Scots, and Welsh still take great pride in their respective languages, histories, traditions, and other distinctive cultural heritage.*

*Quite a curioius result, but easily explainable through history.*

*Vikings from Denmark and other Scandinavian countries engaged in trade with the British Isles and Ireland. They established trading posts, settlements, and even controlled parts of these regions for periods of time. During these interactions, there would have been intermarriage and mixing of genes between Vikings and local Celtic populations. This intermingling could lead to the presence of genetic markers that are found in both Scandinavian and Celtic populations.*

*Another aspect to consider is the practice of slavery during the Viking Age. The Vikings captured people during their raids, and these captives were often taken as slaves. Slaves could be of various ethnic backgrounds, including Celtic. Over time, as these captives became integrated into Viking society, their genetic material could have spread within the Scandinavian population.*

#### Scandinavian

*The Scandinavian peoples, also known as the North Germanic people, hailing from countries like Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Iceland, are renowned for their rich cultural heritage, which includes the Viking legacy, breathtaking natural landscapes, and a strong emphasis on social equality and well-being.*

*This ethnic group was actually Kasper's ethnic group that had the lowest percentages, making up only 14,3% Scandinavian DNA in his genes.*

### Ancient Ancestry

#### Jutes

*The fiercesome Jutes were one of the Anglo-Saxon tribes who settled in England and were one of the three most powerful Germanic nations. They originated in what is now the Jutland peninsula. They migrated in part to southern Britain in the late fourth century during the Migration period after the fall of Rome. As part of a larger wave of Germanic invasions, the Jutes settled mostly in Kent and the Isle of Wight. However they are also believed to have spread to Savonia in Finland as the Finnish surname Juutilainen from this region refers to the Jutes. All these germanic tribes were pagans worshipping Tiw, Woden and Thunor very much like their Viking neighbors with Tyr Odin and Thor.*

#### Celts

*The ancient Celts were various population groups and tribes living in mainland Europe from the Late Bronze Age onwards. Tribes included the Gauls, Helvetii, Scordisci, Serdi, Boli and Iceni among others. Wherever Celts settled, they spoke related languages and maintained the same artistic traditions. Celtic warriors were known for long hair and imposing physique. By serving as mercenaries for Carthage against Rome, the Celts gained a reputation for being fierce warriors and skilled horsemen who fielded chariots into battle. Celts used musical instruments called carnyces which were used to frighten the enemy before combat. Greek art depicts their distinctive long shields and long swords. Among insular Celts, women could take a warrior role - Boudica was the queen of the Iceni tribe who formed a rebellion against Roman occupation of Britain.*

#### Danish Vikings

*Angul and Danum were sons of the all seeing god Heimdall. Angul became father of the Angles who conquered the Frisii and the Roman province of Britannia, Danum would become the father of the Dani in Scania. Soon everyone would know this as the land of the Danes or Denmark (named after its marshland border with the Franks). Masters of the sea, they would raid small villages on the Frankish coast to start with, but as money and slaves flowed in, they became more ambitious. Danish Vikings eventually became conquerors and settled the Danelaw in Britain. This is where the laws of the Danes held sway and dominated those of the Anglo-Saxons. In the 10th century the kingdom of Denmark coalesced in Jutland under King Gorm the Old. His son Harald Bluetooth conquered Norway, unified Denmark, and Christianized the Danes. These accomplishments are inscribed in runic on a huge gravestone at Jelling. His son Sweyn Forkbeard raided England anually and was accepted as king of that country. His son Cnut the Great reconquered Norway and forged an Anglo-Danish kingdom that lasted until his death in 1035.*