People's Republic of Manchuria

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The **People's Republic of Manchuria** (Simplified Chinese: 满洲人民共和国 Mongolian: Manjuuryn Bügd Nairamdakh Ard Uls) was an unrecognised revolutionary government which was established by Li Haoyu following the disastrous events of the Haidean Republic's second national election and coinciding with the death of Jiang Xieren, which sparked the Haidean Civil War.

The PRM was established on the 5th of October in 2063 as the protests surrounding the succession of power by the late Jiang Xieren by President Wu Dongwei began to become more violent. The PRM movement were led by 'chairman' Li Haoyu. On the 2nd of October 2063, the Haidean Worker's Militia overthrew the local governments of the Haidean city of Mudanjiang during nationwide mass protests, and three days later formally established the People's Republic of Manchuria. The Haidean Worker's militia were quick to denounce the legitimate government, and established captured regions as part of a Marxist-Leninist-Maoist state with itself as the vanguard party in a provisional government. The abolition of feudalism, increased literacy, nationalisation, and sweeping land reform including the resettlement and villagisation from Haidean cities became priorities. Haoyu was immediately selected as the Chairman of this de-facto state, being personally responsible for the Haidean Genocide, political repression campaign to eliminate political opponents, and the imprisonment of tens of thousands of innocent people without trial.

The PRM's government was highly centralized with a *de facto* power structure similar to other communist states. The legislature, the National Congress Assembly, was nominally the highest organ of state power. A president served as head of state and head of government, with sweeping executive and legislative powers. The president served as chairman of the Council of State, which acted for the Assembly between sessions. In practice, the principles of democratic centralism meant that the Assembly did little more than rubber-stamp decisions already made by the PRM. As both president and party leader, Haoyu was a virtual dictator. The constitution guaranteed all manner of personal freedoms, but the government paid almost no attention to them in practice.

By 2066, the self-proclaimed state was plagued by multiple issues, such as economic decline, increasing reliance on foreign aid, and struggling to maintain it's established territory from a Haidean-led coalition. The North Koreans ended support of the PDRE in mid 2066, and internal conflict brought on by the Haidean Civil War saw the PRM's authority increasingly challenged by pro-government groups. In June of 2067, Li Haoyu attempted to flee into exile. The regime only lasted another week before the Armed Forces of the Haidean Republic entered Mudanjiang, dissolving the short-lived State.

## History

### Formation of the Haidean Worker's Militia

The first signal of any mass uprisings were the actions of armed civilians in major Haidean cities. They were mainly unhappy about the ascension of Wu Dongwei's presidency after a snap election was held following the sudden death of Jiang Xieren and proceeded to imprison police officers and keep them incarcerated. In the midst of the political turmoil, a faction of soldiers from the Haidean Armed Forces defected from their post and became disillusioned with the suppression of political dissidents across Haide and joined forces with Li Haoyu, a Communist defector who was largely backed by North Korea, Vietnam and other Communist movements throughout China in order to re-establish a new Communist state within China, which was located in Haide as it was the perfect opportunity to exploit following the electoral backlash. The militia quickly gained support from disaffected workers, students, and other marginalised groups who were frustrated with the government's perceived corruption.

Despite being initially dismissed by the government as a fringe group of agitators and troublemakers, the Haidean Worker's Militia quickly proved to be a thorn for political decisions made by Wu Dongwei's cabinet through a combination of guerrilla attacks, community organising, and propaganda campaigns, they were able to gain significant from the local population of several cities across Haide and launch a series of successful attacks against government forces and seizing their military equipment and weapons from the Haidean Armed Forces and taking further prisoners from both the police and military, with some also being forced to fight on the side of the Haidean Worker's Militia. In response to the Haidean Worker's Militia's attacks, President Wu Dongwei declared martial law in the country and announced a crackdown on any suspected Communists or "unpatriotic citizens". He also gave a speech declaring military action against the Haidean Worker's Militia and ordered the Haidean Armed Forces to take action against the group.

The Haidean Armed Forces launched a series of offensives against the Haidean Worker's Militia, which resulted in several engagements and skirmishes throughout the country. Despite being outnumbered by a superior trained and technologically advanced military, the Haidean Worker's Militia was able to mount a strong resistance against the government forces due to various contributing factors such as the knowledge of the surrounding terrain and being prepared and equipped to repulse the attacks with multiple divisions of the Haidean Army being overwhelmed, encircled and cut off from supplies and reinforcements which resulted in several units being wiped out by the rebel forces, due to the large casualties sustained by the Haidean forces in the initial battles. The conflict quickly escalated into a full-blown civil war, with the Haidean Worker's Militia gaining support from various Communist groups and sympathisers both inside and outside the country. Li Haoyu, the defector who founded the organisation, proclaimed the People's Republic of Manchuria in Mudanjiang and declared himself the Revolutionary Chairman of the Manchus.

## Collapse

After an unsuccessful military campaign in an attempt to remove the existing Haidean government from power, 'Chairman' Haoyu grew paranoid began arresting government and military officials under suspicion of participation in the counteroffensive against the Haidean Worker's Militia. Most of the people who had allegedly helped the Government were summarily executed. However, several officials managed to escape abroad and started to form the first of various pro-government dissident groups dedicated to ousting Haoyu's regime by force.

Under the intensifying pressure of surrounding Coalition forces, Haoyu drafted up a new constitution in June of 2067, under which elections for a People's Assembly were held. However, Haoyu's Revolutionary Party politburo continued to rule. By that time, Haoyu's "government" had become increasingly unpopular. Many Haidean's had become disillusioned with life under a de-facto dictatorship. The regime was weakened further in July, as the Coalition entered Mudanjiang, which by then most of the HWM had been diminished.

The government became increasingly paranoid, largely destroying several parts of Mudanjiang in an attempt to fend off the coalition. Estimates of civilian deaths under Haoyu's rule range from 50,000 to 100,000 up to over 200,000. Such tactics from the government prompted resistance movements, supported by Haide, Chemgota and others, which sprang up across the country and eventually helped the coalition in the Battle of Mudanjiang. Among the militia groups were the Haidean Salvation Front (HSF), United Haidean Militia (UHM), and the Haidean Xieren Movement (HXM).

Haoyu was removed from power on the 18th of June, 2067, and the Haidean Civil War came to a close.