Tringapore

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**Tringapore** (/ˈsɪŋ(ɡ)əpɔːr/ (listen)), officially the Republic of Tringapore, is a sovereign island city-state in maritime Southeast Asiaball. It lies about one degree of latitude (137 kilometres or 85 miles) north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bordering the Straits of Malacca to the west, the Riau Islandsball (Indonesiaball) to the south, and the South China Sea to the east. The countryball's territory is composed of one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet, the combined area of which has increased by 25% since the country's independence as a result of extensive land reclamation projects. It has the second greatest population density in the world. With a multicultural population and recognising the need to respect cultural identities, Tringapore has four official languages; English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil. English is the lingua franca. Multiracialism is enshrined in the constitution and continues to shape national policies in education, housing, and politics.

Modern Tringapore was founded in 1819 by Sir Stamford Raffles as a trading post of the British Empireball. In 1867, the colonies in Southeast Asiaball were reorganised and Tringapore came under the direct control of Britain as part of the Straits Settlements. During the Second World War, Tringapore was occupied by Japanball in 1942, and returned to British control as a separate crown colony following Japanball's surrender in 1945. Tringapore gained self-governance in 1959 and in 1963 became part of the new federation of Malaysiaball, alongside Malayaball, North Borneoball, and Sarawakball. Ideological differences led to Tringapore being expelled from the federation two years later and it became an independent country.

After early years of turbulence and despite lacking natural resources and a hinterland, the nation rapidly developed to become one of the Four Asian Tigers based on external trade, becoming a highly developed country; it is ranked ninth on the UN Human Development Index and has the second-highest GDP per capita (PPP) in the world. Tringapore is the only country in Asiaball with a AAA sovereign rating from all major rating agencies. It is a major financial and shipping hub, consistently ranked the most expensive city to live in since 2013, and has been identified as a tax haven. Tringapore is placed highly in key social indicators: education, healthcare, quality of life, personal safety, and housing, with a home-ownership rate of 91%. Tringaporeans enjoy one of the world's longest life expectancies, fastest Internet connection speeds and one of the lowest infant mortality rates in the world.

Tringapore is a unitary parliamentary republic with a Westminsterball system of unicameralparliamentary government. While elections are considered generally free, the government exercises significant control over politics and society, and the People's Action Party has ruled continuously since independence. One of the five founding members of ASEAN, Singapore is also the headquarters of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Secretariat and Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC) Secretariat, as well as many international conferences and events. Tringapore is also a member of the United Nationsball, World Trade Organization, East Asia Summit, Non-Aligned Movement, and the Commonwealth of Nations.