集中式智能照明控制，第一部分：工程技术

**以下内容翻译来自照明171-08-张子航**

AIA/CES Provider Number: 50111167

## **EE302: Centralized Intelligent Lighting Control, Part 1: Technology**

Course Number: 000000003021
Educator: Steve Mesh, LC

AIA / CES提供者编号：50111167

EE302：集中式智能照明控制，第1部分：工程技术

技术课程编号：000000003021

教育者：Steve Mesh，LC

### **EDUCATION CREDIT**

At the end of this course, participants will be able to complete an online exam, with a passing grade of 70+% to qualify for LEU (NCQLP) credit and 80+% for LU/HSW hours (AIA/CES). Upon a passing grade, you will be able to download a Certificate of Completion for each type of credits. For LC certification maintenance (LEUs), credits are self-reported. For AIA /CES, Lighting Controls Association will report credit earned for this course to AIA CES.

**教育学分**

在本课程结束后，学员将能够完成在线考试，通过成绩达到70％以上才能获得LEU（NCQLP）学分，80％以上才能获得LU / HSW学时（AIA / CES）。成绩合格后，您将可以下载对于AIA / CES，照明控制协会将向AIA CES报告本课程获得的学分。关于LC认证维护（LEU），学分是自我报告的。

### **NO ENDORSEMENT BY ACCREDITING ORGANIZATIONS**

This course is registered with NCQLP and AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by these organizations of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.

**没有得到认证组织的认可**

本课程已在NCQLP和AIA CES注册为继续专业教育课程。因此，它不包括可能被视为或解释为这些组织对任何建筑材料或任何材料或产品的处理，使用，分发或交易的方法或方式的批准或认可的内容。

### **COPYRIGHT**

This presentation is protected by US and International copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the Lighting Controls Association is prohibited.

**版权声明**

本演示文稿受美国和国际版权法的保护，称为照明控制协会的书面许可，禁止复制，分发，展示和使用。替代照明控制协会的书面许可，禁止复制，分发，展示和使用本演示文稿。

### **DISCLAIMER**

The information contained in this course has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. Damages arising from errors, omissions or damages as a result of the use or misuse of the data or information contained in this course are not the responsibility of the Lighting Controls Association, National Electrical Manufacturers Association, ZING Communications, Inc. or their employees or members. All information contained in this course is published for professionals seeking information about the subjects contained therein. It is not the intent of this course provide professional services such as design, engineering or consulting. If these services are sought, they should be rendered by properly trained, registered, regulated and insured professionals.

**免责声明**

本课程中包含的信息是从被认为可靠的来源获得的。由于使用或误用本课程中包含的数据或信息而导致的错误，遗漏或损坏，照明控制协会，美国国家电气制造商协会，ZING如果本课程中包含的所有信息是为寻求其中所含主题信息的专业人士而发布的。本课程的目的不是提供专业服务，如设计，工程或咨询。如果需要这些服务，则应由适当的培训，注册，监管和投保的专业人士提供。

### **COURSE DESCRIPTION**

Intelligent lighting controls represent the ultimate in lighting control. As energy codes and owner requirements become more complex, intelligent control solutions are becoming increasingly common in ne

   w construction while becoming more adaptable to existing construction. Intelligent lighting control is also ideally suited to LED lighting.

Though solutions vary, a fully realized intelligent lighting control offers the benefits of addressable luminaires and/or groups of luminaires, layered and complex control strategies, software-based zoning and rezoning, elegant wired or wireless connections, and energy measurement and monitoring.

This Education Express course describes the basic technology of centralized intelligent lighting control systems and then provides application guidance.

**课程介绍**

通过能源法规和所有者要求变得越来越复杂，智能控制解决方案在新建筑中越来越普遍，同时对现有建筑的适应性也越来越强。智能照明控制也非常适合LED照明。

虽然解决方案各不相同，但完全实现的智能照明控制具有可寻址的灯具和/或灯具组，分段和复杂的控制策略，基于软件的分区和重新分区，优雅的有线或无线连接以及能源测量和监控等优点。

本教育快车课程介绍了集中式智能照明控制系统的基本技术，然后提供应用指导。

### **LEARNING OBJECTIVES**

Upon completion of this learning module, students will be able to:

* Identify the different types of intelligent lighting control solutions that are available.

* Select intelligent lighting control solutions based on an understanding of typical hardware, topology and protocols used by hardwired and wireless systems.

* Apply centralized intelligent lighting control systems to new and existing construction.

* Advise lighting owners on operation and maintenance of the installed system.

**学习目标**

完成本学习模块后，学生将能够：

* 识别不同类型的智能照明控制解决方案。
* 根据对硬线和无线系统使用的典型硬件，拓扑结构和协议的理解，选择智能照明控制解决方案。
* 将集中式智能照明控制系统替换新建和现有建筑中。
* 为照明业主提供安装系统的操作和维护建议。

### **INTELLIGENT LIGHTING CONTROL SYSTEMS**

An intelligent lighting control system is made up of 1) dimmable ballasts or drivers, 2) accessory devices such as switches and sensors, 3) power controllers (which may be the ballast or driver) and 4) supporting hardware and software used for communication and data storage. The lighting controller, where intelligence resides, may be centralized in a server or distributed at each point of control. The system may be luminaire-, room- or building-/campus-based.
The controllers are connected via dedicated control wiring or radio signals to build a network in which each controller has a unique IP address. These addressable controllers can be controlled and programmed individually and/or in groups. These and other system components used for communication and data storage are then configured in a topology—e.g., wiring bus, wireless mesh or star network.
To communicate and perform uniformly, the controllers must be designed in accordance with the same protocol. The controllers may be selfconfiguring or programmable using a handheld remote or computer. If centralized, the controllers supply data to a central storage point for display of energy consumption, occupancy data and lighting status.

**智能照明控制系统**

智能照明控制系统是由以下几个部分组成：1）可调光镇流器或驱动器，2）附件设备，如开关和传感器，3）电源控制器（可以是镇流器或驱动器），4）智能通信的照明控制器可以集中在服务器中，也可以分布在每个控制点上。该系统可以是基于灯具，房间或建筑/校园的。

控制器通过专用的控制线路或无线电信号连接起来，建立一个网络，其中每个控制器都有一个唯一的IP地址。这些可寻址的控制器可以单独和/或分组进行控制和编程。然后将这些和其他用于通信和数据存储的系统组件配置在一个拓扑结构中-例如，布线总线，无线网状或星型网络。

为了统一通信和执行，控制器必须按照相同的协议进行设计。控制器可以自行配置，也可以使用手持式遥控器或计算机进行编程。如果是集中式，控制器向中央存储点提供数据，用于显示最高，占用数据和照明状态。

### **LUMINAIRE-BASED INTELLIGENT CON**

A variety of con

   trol systems are packaged with LED luminaires to offer luminaire-based solutions. Sensors and a controllable LED driver are embedded in each luminaire. Unlike typical standalone luminaires with integrated controls, these luminaires communicate with each other wirelessly and are preconfigured to simplify commissioning. In some systems, individual luminaires can be grouped via a handheld IR remote. Then the user assigns a low, medium or high ambient level for the occupied lighting state or in response to available daylight. No other commissioning is required.

**基于亮度的智能控制系统**

各种控制系统与LED灯具打包，提供基于灯具的解决方案。每个灯具中都嵌入了传感器和可控制的LED驱动器。与典型的带集成控制的独立灯具不同，这些灯具之间可以进行无线通信，并进行预配置以简化调试。在某些系统中，各个灯具可以通过手持式红外遥控器进行分组。然后，用户可以为被占用的照明状态或根据可用的日光指定一个低，中或高的环境等级。无需其他调试。

### **ROOM-BASED INTELLIGENT CONTROL SYSTEMS**

The majority of installed intelligent lighting con

    trol systems are room-based, in which lighting controls across the room or within the luminaires act as a single autonomous lighting control system. The advantage of room-based intelligent control systems is that they provide energy savings and energy code compliance with relatively simplified design, specification and commissioning.

A typical room-based solution incorporates plug-and-play sensors, switches and relay-based lighting/power controllers to switch and dim loads in that room. Some systems are based on controllers that contain two outputs for control of two control zones. Some offer control cabling to link rooms within a larger, scalable network. These systems often have preconfigured sequences of operation for easy energy savings optimization and energy code compliance.

**基于房间的智能控制系统。**

大多数已安装的智能照明控制系统是基于房间的，即整个房间或灯具内的照明控制作为一个单一的自主照明控制系统。以房间为基础的智能控制系统的优势在于，它们可以提供节能和符合能源法规的要求，同时相对简化设计，规范和调试。

典型的基于房间的解决方案包含即插即用的传感器，开关和基于继电器的照明/电源控制器，以切换和调暗该房间的负载。一些系统包含两个输出的控制器，用于控制这些系统通常有预先配置的操作顺序，刹车于节能优化和遵守能源法规。

### **CENTRALIZED INTELLIGENT CONTROL SYSTEMS**

Centralized control may be an extended feature option of a room-based controller solution or packaged as a fully integrated system. The primary advantage of this type of this system is it offers complex control strategy programming, energy information and monitoring.

* Individually addressable luminaires can be zoned and rezoned from a single point using software, maximizing flexibility.

* Luminaires can accept control input signals from a wide variety of devices from sensors and schedules to manual controls. The full range of control strategies can be implemented, from occupancy sensing to facility tuning to user control to demand response.

* Complex sequences of operation can be programmed using software to optimize energy savings. Different combinations of strategies can be employed at different times.

* Information on energy consumption, occupancy, luminaire/zone status and potentially other data, such as temperature or automated shading, can be recorded, stored and displayed.

Centralized intelligent control systems, however, typically pose a higher cost than room-based solutions, as they incorporate additional components such as software, a server, gateways and potentially other components. Compared to other solutions, they typically pose more complex design, specification, installation and commissioning. Operation and maintenance require properly trained building staff.
Centralized intelligent control systems are the focus of the remainder of this learning module.

**集中式智能控制系统**

集中控制可以是基于房间的控制器解决方案的扩展功能选项，也可以打包成一个完全集成的系统。这种类型的这种系统的主要优势是它提供复杂的控制策略编程，能源信息和监控。

* 可独立命名的灯具可以通过软件从一个点进行分区和重新分区，替换地提高了合并。
* 灯具可以接受来自各种设备的控制输入信号，从传感器和时间表到手动控制。可以实施全方位的控制策略，从占用传感到设施调整，用户控制到需求响应。
* 可以使用软件对复杂的操作顺序进行编程，以优化节能。在不同的时间可以采用不同的策略组合。
* 能源消耗，占用率，灯具/区域状态以及其他潜在数据（如温度或自动遮阳）的信息可以被记录，存储和显示。

然而，集中式智能控制系统的成本通常高于基于房间的解决方案，因为它们包含了额外的组件，如软件，服务器，网关和可能的其他组件。与其他解决方案相比，它们的设计，规格，安装和调试通常更加复杂。操作和维护需要经过适当培训的建筑人员。
集中式智能控制系统是本学习模块其余部分的重点。

### **CENTRALIZED SYSTEMS: HARDWARE**

The primary components of the centralized intelligent control system are the addressable ballasts or drivers (or controllers controlling 0-10V dimmable fluorescent ballasts) and the control input devices. Luminaires are individually addressable, though it is often possible to wire groups of luminaires to a single controller, resulting in a hybrid individual/group-addressed system. This approach can reduce cost but at the expense of limited flexibility in rezoning the system in the future.
Intelligent control systems designed to control large loads in multiple spaces or on more than one floor typically have a central server that connects to the system using wiring or radio signals. Some systems include other centralized or distributed components, connected to the central server, for routing communication and/or power wiring or transmitting/receiving wireless signals.

A centralized intelligent lighting control system consists of power controllers (e.g., sensors, switches, software, etc.) and components that process, store, transmit and display data.

A majority of c

    entralized intelligent lighting control systems contain a central server, which is typically installed in an IT server room or electrical closet. Some or all of the components in the network are connected to the server—gateways, sensors, switches, ballasts/drivers, etc.

These systems typically allow for connection between some system components and the server via the owner’s existing communication network (intranet), if the owner allows it. Many systems, for example, allow gateways on each floor to be connected to the central server via an existing network. This eliminates the need to run wiring between floors. In this type of scenario, both the server as well as the gateways have discrete IP addresses that can be discovered on the building’s communication network. If the owner will not allow this setup, wireless components can be used, or dedicated wiring can be installed to connect them.

**集中式系统：硬件**

集中式智能控制系统的主要组成部分是可寻址镇流器或驱动器（或控制0-10V可调光荧光灯镇流器的控制器）和控制输入设备。灯具是可以单独识别的，不过通常也可以将每个灯具连接到一个控制器上，从而形成一个单独的/分组交换的混合系统。这种方法可以降低成本，但代价是未来重新规划系统的唯一有限。

设计用于控制多个空间或多个局部的大负载的智能控制系统通常有一个中央服务器，它使用布线或无线电信号连接到系统。某些系统包括与中央服务器连接的其他集中式或分散组件，用于路由通信和/或电源布线或发射/接收无线信号。

集中式智能照明控制系统由电源控制器（如传感器开关，软件等）和处理，存储，传输和显示数据的部件组成。

大部分集中式智能照明控制系统都包含一个中央服务器，通常安装在IT机房或电柜中。网络中的部分或全部组件都连接到服务器-网关，传感器，开关，镇流器/驱动器等。

如果所有者允许的话，这些系统通常允许通过所有者现有的通信网络（内网）连接一些系统组件和服务器。例如，许多系统允许每个网关的网关通过现有的网络连接到中央服务器。这样就不需要在尺寸之间进行布线。在这种情况下，服务器和网关都有独立的IP地址，可以在大楼的通信网络上发现。如果业主可以这样设置，可以使用无线组件，或者安装专用的线路来连接它们。

### **MANUAL OVERRIDES**

A variety of

    devices or method scan be used to manually control any zone or combination of zones, including wallbox switches and dimmer-switches, preset scene dimmers, touchscreens, infrared remotes, software, mobile device apps and input from a building automation system.

**手动操作**

各种设备或方法扫描的手动控制任何区域或区域的组合，包括墙盒开关和调光开关，顺序场景调光器，触摸屏，红外遥控器，软件，移动设备应用程序和来自楼宇自动化系统的输入。

### **CENTRALIZED SYSTEMS: TOPOLOGY (WIRED)**

Topology refers to how the parts of a system are interrelated and arranged. Centralized intelligent lighting control systems may be wired, wired with wireless accessory devices, or wireless.
In a wired system, manufacturers use a variety of topologies, with the most common being a bus, essentially the same as a computer network. Control devices are connected using a single pair of low-voltage wires or using an Ethernet or proprietary type of cable.

**集中式系统：拓扑结构（有线）**

集中式智能照明控制系统可以是有线的，也可以是带无线附件设备的，还可以是无线的。

在有线系统中，厂家采用多种拓扑结构，最常见的是总线，基本上与计算机网络相同。控制设备使用单对低压线或使用串联或专有类型的电缆连接。

**以下内容翻译来自照明172-06-盛浩然**

### **CENTRALIZED SYSTEMS: TOPOLOGY (HYBRID WIRED/WIRELESS)**

A significant number of manufacturers of wired solutions also offer control accessories (i.e., occupancy sensors, switches, etc.) that communicate wirelessly to one or more central gateways. This reduces wiring installation, enables control devices to be located where wiring would be difficult to install, and allows the mounting location of control devices to be adjusted with relative ease.

**集中式系统：拓扑结构（混合有线/无线）**

相当多的有线解决方案的制造商还提供控制附件（即占用传感器，开关等），这些附件可以与一个或多个中央网关进行无线通信。从而减少了布线安装，使控制设备可以安装在布线中难以安装的地方，并且可以相对容易地调整控制设备的安装位置。

### **CENTRALIZED SYSTEMS: TOPOLOGY (WIRELESS)**

Wireless lighting control systems typically use a topology consisting of a self-healing mesh network or a star pattern.

In a self-healing mesh network, data is transmitted through any series of wireless devices to communicate between the gateway and a given control point. If a device in the network fails, the signal automatically flows along an alternate path (“self healing”), increasing reliability.

In a star topology, signals from all wireless control devices are transmitted within range directly to and from one or more gateways that form the backbone of the network. Some systems allow designation of any wireless device as a repeater, allowing a portion of the system to function as a mesh network. The relatively low volume of signal traffic may increase reliability and speed.

**集中式系统：拓扑结构（无线）**

无线照明控制系统通常使用由自愈式网状网络或串联模式组成的扭曲结构。

在自愈式网状网络中，数据通过任意系列的无线设备进行传输，在网关和给定控制点之间进行通信。如果网络中的某个设备发生故障，信号会自动交替备用路径流动（“自愈”），从而提高可靠性。

在星型失真结构中，所有无线控制设备的信号在范围内直接传输到构成网络主干的一个或多个网关。一些系统允许将任何无线设备指定为中继器，允许系统的一部分作为网状网络运行。相对较高的信号流量可以提高可靠性和速度。

### **PROTOCOLS**

A protocol is a set of rules that define the behavior of components in a system. In a network, this includes communication. In lighting control networks, the protocol in use may be open, proprietary or a mix of the two.
In an open protocol, products from different manufacturers can be mixed in the same network with assurance of compatibility and a uniform set of behavior within the protocol’s defined rules. Examples include DALI and ZigBee.
Some manufacturers have either taken open protocols like DALI and modified them to create a proprietary protocol, or created one from scratch. In a fully integrated system, this entails all products in the system being from the same manufacturer. Some manufacturers, however, may provide for components, such as analog occupancy and photosensors, from other manufacturers; these devices are wired to interface modules allowing digital communication with the network.

**程序协议**

协议是一组定义系统中各个组件行为的规则。在网络中，这包括通信。在照明控制网络中，使用的协议可能是开放的，也可能是专有的或其中的混合。

在开放协议中，来自不同制造商的产品可以在同一网络中混合使用，并保证兼容性和在协议定义的规则内部的统一行为。例如DALI和ZigBee。

一些制造商采用DALI等开放协议，并进行修改以创建专有协议，或者从头开始创建一个协议。在一个完全集成的系统中，这需要系统中的所有产品都来自同一个制造商。然而，一些制造商可能会提供来自其他制造商的组件，如模拟占用和光传感器；这些设备被连接到接口模块，允许与网络进行数字通信。

### **INTEGRATION WITH BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS**

A majority of centralized intelligent lighting control systems can be integrated with other building systems such as building automation systems (BAS) for single-workstation control of multiple building systems. This integration requires that both systems comply with the same native protocol, such as BACnet, or a gateway and/or programming that can translate data crossing between the systems.

**与建筑管理系统的结合**

大多数集中式智能照明控制系统可以与其他楼宇系统（如楼宇自动化系统（BAS））集成，实现多个楼宇系统的单工位控制。这种集成要求两个系统都符合相同的本地协议，如BACnet，或一个网关和/或编程，可以翻译系统之间的数据。

### **IMPLEMENTATION IN EXISTING CONSTRUCTION**

Implementing a cent

    ralized intelligent lighting control system in a new building is fairly straightforward. In existing construction, it can be challenging.

In some cases, new controls can be installed in existing fluorescent luminaires. The ballast would typically be replaced with a dimmable ballast, which would require installation of shunted lampholders if the existing ballast is instant-start. The ballast would be addressable, or an addressable controller would be installed at each luminaire or group of luminaires. In some cases, UL924 relays must be installed to bypass the controller during an emergency.

Some luminaires are easier to retrofit than others. Recessed fluorescent luminaires, for example, are typically easier than suspended luminaires because of more space in the ballast compartment or enclosed wireway, as shown below. In addition, when using a wired solution, low-voltage control wires must also be run between the luminaires to build the network.
Given the complexity and potential cost associated with installing control components in existing luminaires, it may be desirable to replace the luminaires with a new control system. The process is similar to new construction. In this situation, LED luminaires are typically specified for their controllability and efficacy at full and dimmed output. If new luminaires are proposed, verify the existing layout will deliver adequate light levels and visual comfort. If not, the layout may need to be redesigned.

**现有建筑中的实施情况**

在新建筑中实施集中式智能照明控制系统是相当简单的。在现有建筑中，这可能是一个挑战。

在某些情况下，可以在现有的荧光灯具中安装新的控制装置。镇流器通常会被替换为可调光镇流器，如果现有的镇流器是即时启动的，则需要安装分流式灯座。镇流器将是可寻址的，或者在每个灯具或每组灯具上安装一个可寻址控制器。在某些情况下，必须安装UL924继电器，刹车在紧急情况下绕过过过控制器。

例如，嵌入式荧光灯通常比悬挂式灯具更容易改造，因为如下图所示，镇流器舱或封闭式线槽中的空间尺寸。从而，当使用有线解决方案时，还必须在灯具之间架设低压控制线以建造网络。

考虑到在现有灯具中安装控制组件的复杂性和潜在成本，用新的控制系统替换灯具可能是可取的。这个过程与新建筑类似。在这种情况下，LED灯具通常是根据其在全如果建议使用新的灯具，请确认现有的布局能够提供足够的光照水平和视觉舒适度。如果不能，则可能需要重新设计布局。

### **SOFTWARE**

Centralized lighting control systems are set up and operated by accessing the system’s software. Manufacturers build in the following functions:

**软件方面**

集中的照明控制系统是通过接收系统软件进行设置和操作的。

发现组件
向区域分配组件
设置时间表
设置控制配置文件
创建用户/访问等级
校准传感器
建立临时控制配置文件
根据节假日和特殊活动而改变
记录和显示能源使用和其他变量（占用率等）
备份数据和事件日志

### **ACCESSING THE SYSTEM**

A majority of intelligent lighting control systems are designed to allow remote access to the operating software, which typically resides on a central server.

Authorized users can access the software via a webpage or program from any computer within the organization, if the owner allows the server to reside on an internal network (intranet), or from a remote location, which may require creation of a virtual private network (VPN).

Risk-averse owners may not allow using their internal communication network to be used to access the system. In this event, it may be necessary to install a dedicated wireless access point (e.g., using a 3G modem, as shown in the below example) or some other communication method.

Access to the system’s software will be needed by some or all of the following. Typically, different types of users are granted access to different types of system functions.

* System operator/administrator—typically, somebody on the building staff.
* Control system manufacturer—required for troubleshooting, software updates, commissioning and recommissioning, etc.
* Lighting designer/engineer/other specifiers—enabling verification that the system has been installed and is operating as designed, or to retrieve data for analysis.
* Occupants—if given limited access to area lighting should the system be configured to allow occupants to control luminaires and/or other devices connected to the system.
* Public display—when the system collects energy consumption information and compares it to a baseline, a remote monitor can connect to the software (by accessing its URL) and display energy information for marketing purposes, such as a kiosk in a public lobby.

**进入系统**

大多数智能照明控制系统的设计都允许远程访问操作软件，该软件通常位于中央服务器上。

如果业主允许服务器驻留在内部网络(内部网)或从远程位置(可能需要建立虚拟专用网络(VPN))，则授权用户可以通过网页或程序从组织内的任何计算机访问软件。

风险意识强的业主可能不允许使用其内部通信网络来访问系统。在这种情况下，可能需要安装一个专用的无线接入点（例如，使用3G调制解调器，如下例所示）或其他通信方法。

以下部分或全部用户需要访问系统软件。通常情况下，不同类型的用户被授权访问不同类型的系统功能：

* 系统操作员/管理员--通常是楼宇工作人员。
* 控制系统制造商--需要用于故障排除、软件更新、调试和重新调试等。
* 照明设计师/工程师/其他指定人员--确认系统是否已安装并按设计运行，或检索数据进行分析。
* 住户--如果对区域照明的访问受到限制，系统应配置成允许住户控制灯具和/或其他连接到系统的设备。
* 公开展示--当系统收集能源消耗信息并将其与基线进行比较时，远程监控器可以连接到软件（通过访问其URL）并显示能源信息以用于营销目的，例如公共大厅的信息亭。

### **YOU’RE FINISHED**

This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course Centralized Intelligent Lighting Control, Part 1: Technology.

Please take a moment to provide feedback about your experience with this course.

You may also take the Comprehension Test to test your learning and to qualify for LEU (NCQLP LC) and LU/HSW (AIA CES) credit. A 70+% passing grade is required for LEU credit and 80+% for AIA CES credit. Upon passing the test, you may download a Certificate of Completion on the Courses page. If you are an AIA member, please email your course completion certificate to LCA with your AIA number。

**你完成了**

美国建筑师协会继续教育系统课程《集中式智能照明控制，第1部分：技术》到此结束。

请花点时间提供有关本课程经验的反馈。

您也可以参加理解测试，以测试您的学习情况，并有资格获得LEU（NCQLP LC）和LU / HSW（AIA CES）学分。LEU学分要求70％以上的合格成绩，AIA CES学分要求80％以上的合格成绩。通过考试后，您可以在课程页面下载结业证书。如果您是AIA会员，替换您的课程结业证书并您的AIA编号一起发到LCA。