Nations

Nations are large bodies of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory. During World War I, the Entente Powers (Allies) included countries like France, the United Kingdom, Russia, and later, the United States. They fought together against the Central Powers, which were mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.

### ***ENTENTE POWERS***

#### French Third Republic

The French Third Republic was the government system in France from 1870 to 1940. During World War I (1914-1918), it played a crucial role as one of the major Allied powers against the Central Powers. The Republic mobilized its military, resources, and citizens to support the war effort. Despite initial setbacks, it contributed significantly to the eventual victory, enduring hardships and making significant sacrifices to help secure the Allied triumph.

Appearances: The Great Mud War (1916-1918)

#### British Empire

The British Empire was a vast collection of territories ruled by Britain from the 16th to the 20th century. It was a powerful global force, including countries like India, Canada, Australia, and parts of Africa.

During the First World War (1914-1918), the British Empire played a significant role. It contributed troops, resources, and naval power to the war effort. Soldiers from its colonies fought alongside British forces in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. The Empire's resources and industrial capacity aided the war economy. The war also led to changes in the empire's dynamics and eventual shifts towards decolonization in the years that followed.

Appearances: The Great Mud War (1916-1918), The Great Mountain War of Isonzo (1916-1918 as Brits, Anzacs, and Indian Armies only)

#### Russian Empire

The Russian Empire was a vast monarchy in Eastern Europe and Asia. It played a significant role in World War I as one of the major powers involved. Russia's participation was marked by initial enthusiasm, but its lack of industrialization, internal unrest, and military setbacks weakened its war effort. These factors contributed to the empire's eventual collapse in 1917, leading to the Russian Revolution and the rise of the Bolsheviks.

Appearances: The Great Mud War (1916-1918 as Russian speaking Expeditionary Forces only excluding Diverse Troops), The Great Mountain War of Isonzo (1916-1918 as Russian Frontoviks + Diverse troops like Ukrainian, Polish, etc...)

#### Kingdom of Italy

The Kingdom of Italy was a country in Southern Europe. During World War I, it initially stayed neutral but later joined the Allies in 1915. Italy fought against Austria-Hungary and Germany on the side of France, the UK, and Russia. The war had a significant impact on Italy, leading to territorial gains but also internal challenges.

Appearances: The Great Mud War (1918 as Italian Expeditionary Forces), The Great Mountain War of Isonzo (1916-1918)

#### Kingdom of Belgium

    Belgium was a small country in Europe. During World War I, it was neutral but was invaded by Germany in 1914. Belgium's resistance gained international sympathy. Its role in the war included bravely defending against German forces and slowing their advance. This invasion also brought the UK and other allies into the conflict.

Appearances: The Great Mud War (1916-1918)

#### Portuguese Republic

Portugal was a European country during World War I. It joined the war in 1916 on the side of the Allies, which included major powers like France, Britain, and Russia. Portugal's role was relatively minor compared to larger nations. It sent a small expeditionary force to fight in France and Africa. Its involvement helped strengthen the Allied front, but it didn't have a significant impact on the overall outcome of the war.

Appearances: The Great Mud War (1916-1918)

#### United States of America

The United States during the First World War (1914-1918) was initially neutral, but it eventually joined the Allies (including France, the UK, and Russia) against the Central Powers (including Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire). The U.S. played a pivotal role by providing fresh troops, resources, and financial support to the Allies. Its involvement helped tip the balance in favor of the Allies, leading to the eventual defeat of the Central Powers. The war also marked the U.S. emergence as a global power and set the stage for its increased influence in international affairs.

Appearances: The Great Mud War (1917-1918)

#### Kingdom of Romania

The Kingdom of Romania was a country in Southeast Europe. During World War I, Romania initially remained neutral. However, in 1916, it joined the Allies (Britain, France, Russia, etc.) against the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary). Romania aimed to gain territory but was quickly invaded by Central Powers forces. The war brought suffering to Romania and its people, with battles on its soil. Eventually, in 1918, Romania's involvement contributed to the weakening of the Central Powers. After the war, Romania gained territory and international recognition for its role in the conflict.

Appearances: The Great Mountain War of Isonzo (1916-1918)

### ***CENTRAL POWERS***

#### German Empire

The German Empire was a unified country in Europe from 1871 to 1918. It emerged under the leadership of Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, uniting various German-speaking states.

During World War I (1914-1918), the German Empire played a major role as one of the Central Powers, along with Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire. It aimed to expand its influence and territory but faced opposition from the Allied Powers, including France, Britain, and Russia.

The German Empire's military strategy involved a quick and decisive strike on France through Belgium, known as the Schlieffen Plan. However, this plan led to a prolonged and brutal war of attrition on the Western Front. Germany also engaged in naval warfare and unrestricted submarine attacks, causing tensions with neutral countries like the United States.

Ultimately, the German Empire's role in World War I ended in defeat. The signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 imposed harsh terms on Germany, leading to territorial losses, disarmament, and economic hardships.

Appearances: The Great Mud War (1916-1918), The Great Mountain War of Isonzo (1916-1918)

#### Austro-Hungarian Empire

The Austro-Hungarian Empire was a multinational monarchy in Central Europe from 1867 to 1918. It consisted of various ethnic groups and regions, with Austria and Hungary as its core parts. The empire played a significant role in causing World War I. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the throne, in 1914, triggered a series of events that led to the war. Austria-Hungary's alliance with Germany placed it on the side of the Central Powers, opposing the Allies. The empire's actions and conflicts with various ethnic groups within its borders weakened its unity and contributed to its downfall after the war.

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Appearances: The Great Mud War (1916-1918 as Expeditionary Forces, Austrians and Hungarians only excluding Diverse troops), The Great Mountain War of Isonzo (1916-1918 including Austrian and Hungarian + Diverse troops like Croatians, Bosniaks, etc...)

#### Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire was a powerful empire that spanned across Asia, Europe, and Africa. It existed from the 14th to the early 20th century. During World War I, the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers, which included Germany and Austria-Hungary. They fought against the Allies, including countries like Britain, France, and Russia. The Ottomans aimed to protect their territory and expand their influence in the Middle East. The empire's involvement in the war led to significant battles, like Gallipoli, and its collapse after the war's end, which contributed to the re-drawing of borders in the region and the creation of new nations.

Appearances: The Great Mountain War of Isonzo (1916-1918)

#### Tsardom of Bulgaria

The Tsardom of Bulgaria was a monarchy in southeastern Europe. During World War I, Bulgaria initially remained neutral, but later joined the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire). Its role was to support these powers by attacking Serbia and Greece, aiming to gain territory. However, the military campaign didn't go well, and by 1918, Bulgaria surrendered to the Allied forces. This contributed to the Central Powers' weakening and eventual defeat.

Appearances: The Great Mountain War of Isonzo (1916-1918)

### ***NEUTRAL POWERS***

#### Kingdom of Netherlands

The Kingdom of the Netherlands, like other neutral countries, aimed to maintain its neutrality and avoid becoming directly involved in the conflict. Despite being neutral, the Netherlands found itself dealing with various challenges and taking certain actions to protect its interests and sovereignty during the war. The Netherlands was an important trading nation, and its economy was heavily dependent on international trade. Despite its neutral stance, the country faced difficulties in maintaining its trade relationships due to blockades and restrictions imposed by the warring parties. The Netherlands worked to safeguard its economic interests by negotiating with both sides to ensure its trade routes remained open. They also have a Colony which is the Dutch East Indies a significant colonial possession for the Netherlands due to its rich natural resources, including oil, rubber, and various agricultural products and despite the distance from the European theatre of the war, the colony was not entirely untouched by the conflict, and the Dutch colonial authorities had to manage several challenges during that time.

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Appearances: ***Nijmegen***, ***North Batavia***, and ***Java Outskirts***