Li ShuDong 李树栋

Born in Gongzhuling in 1956, his ancestral home is Jimo, Shandong. He currently lives in Gongzhuling City, Jilin Province and serves as the vice chairman of the Municipal Education Union. Postgraduate majoring in education management from Northeast Normal University. Advocating "respect of education and martial arts, dual cultivation of education and martial arts."

He has studied physics, with 6 years of middle school teaching experience; afterward he got a postgraduate degree in education management and has 22 years of office work and management work experience.

When he was young, he learned Chinese traditional wrestling, Shaolin Changquan, Tantui and Huo style Bajiquan, and has 30 years of martial arts teaching experience;

## Martial Arts

In 1986, he became a formal student of Huo Qingshan, son of Huo Dian’ge, specializing in Bajiquan weapons and training methods.

Chinese Wushu 7th Duan, National Grade One Wushu Referee, Member of Jilin Province Wushu Association, Special Member of Changchun Bajiquan Research Association, Chairman of Gongzhuling City Wushu Association, President of Gongzhuling Bajiquan Research Association, Vice Chairman of Siping City Wushu Association , Director of the Standing Editorial Committee of "Chinese Wushu towards the Olympics".

Li Shudong, the third generation successor of Huo's Bajiquan, Chinese Wushu Badan, National Grade One Wushu Referee, Vice President of Jilin Province Bajiquan Research Association. He has practiced martial arts since he was a child, and has practiced traditional Chinese wrestling, Shaolin Changquan, Tanju and Bajiquan. He has 30 years of martial arts teaching experience. In 1986, he formally worshipped Huo Qingshan, son of Huo Diange, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and became Huo Shi’s opening door. Big disciple, specializing in Baji boxing and exercises. At the same time, Huo Qingfeng (the eldest son of Huo Diange) and Huo Wenbo (the eldest son of Huo Qingyun) gave meticulous guidance and instruction.

    Three of the disciples taught in the national Bajiquan competition won first place, three won fifth place, one won eighth place, and four others won first prizes. Many of them were specially recruited by Shenyang Institute of Physical Education as undergraduate students. Student Li Zhiqiang is currently the director of the fighting teaching and research section of Jilin Provincial Public Security College and the coach of the Jilin Provincial Public Security Department's Sanda team. Student Zhao Long is currently a martial arts teacher in Dalian Vocational and Technical College of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade. Three people were promoted to the sixth stage of Chinese martial arts, two were promoted to the fifth stage of Chinese martial arts, and many were promoted to the third and fourth stages of Chinese martial arts. The disciples taught are all over Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Shandong, Beijing and other places. He has also taught foreign students from Italy, the United States, and the United Kingdom.

## 参赛成绩 - Competition Results

In 1993, he led a team to Beijing to participate in the "Martial Arts Cultural Knowledge International Competition" and won the third prize of individual and group prizes. And was invited to participate in the CCTV "Wulin Style" Gala.

## 理论成果 - Theoretical achievements

Published articles such as "The Formation and Evolution of Huo's Bajiquan", "The Interpretation of Bajiquan", "The Stomping of Bajiquan", "The Blowing of Bajiquan", and "The Power of Bajiquan" in "Wuhun" magazine. Many articles, characterized by clear technical explanations and unique insights, are well received by readers.

## 教学成果 - Teaching Achievements

In the national Bajiquan competition, 3 students won the first place, 3 students won the fifth place, one person won the eighth place, 4 students won the first prize, and many of them were recruited by Shenyang Sports as college undergraduates.

Student Li Zhiqiang is currently the director of the fighting teaching and research section of Jilin Provincial Public Security College and the coach of the Jilin Provincial Public Security Department Sanda Team. Student Zhao Long is currently a martial arts teacher in Dalian Vocational and Technical College of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade.

Three were promoted to sixth Duan of Chinese martial arts, two were promoted to fifth Duan of Chinese martial arts, and many were promoted to third and fourth Duan of Chinese martial arts.

The disciples taught are all over Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Shandong, Beijing and other places. He has also taught foreign students from Italy, the United States, the United Kingdom and more.

## 事迹 - Personal Achievements

In 1985, when he was the secretary of the Youth League Committee of the middle school, in order to protect the safety of teachers and students and maintain school order, he used martial arts to subdue five members of a gang, who came to the school and wounded others with knives, and brought them to justice. The magazine “Chinese Faculty” had a special report on this.

In 1991, the "Gongzhuling City Bajiquan Academic Research Association" was initiated and established.

In 1994, he participated in the organization of the "Huo Diange and Huo Qingyun Monument Activity", and was responsible for designing commemorative badges and editing the commemorative album.

In 2000, he initiated the organization and completed the first large-scale revision of the Huo’s Bajiquan, and edited the first "Huo style Bajiquan record" that comprehensively discussed the theory of Bajiquan; in the same year, he founded the traditional Chinese martial arts scientific research institution-"Baji Wushu Academy".

In 2003 he founded "Chinese Huo's Bajiquan" website (www.babj.cc); In 2007, he compiled "Bajiquan Tutorial". In August 2008, he served as the head coach of the Olympic Bajiquan Youth Camp, showing and teaching Bajiquan to 481 campers from 204 countries.

He was published in "The Famous Dictionary of Chinese Folk Martial Artists" (Xinhua Press), "Chinese Expert Dictionary" (edited by the Expert Service Center of the Ministry of Human Resources and published by China Personnel Publishing House), "Wu Hun" magazine, and "Airport" pictorial of Civil Aviation , "Chinese Martial Arts Towards the Olympics" and related newspapers have also published related stories

## (I) Essence Of Bajiquan by Li Shu Dong

Each boxing type of Chinese traditional **martial arts** has its own unique technical system, thus forming a clear difference in style characteristics between each boxing type. Among them, the technique of exerting force is an extremely important factor in the formation of a boxing type. This kind of foundation. It is undoubtedly that the blind person touches the elephant if he does not understand the strength of boxing, and it is difficult to get a glimpse of the magic of boxing even if you practice hard. In view of this, this lecture intends to analyze the strength technique of Bajiquan from the perspective of exerting strength.

  1. The principle of Bajiquan's strength technique

  The power of Bajiquan is characterized by "strength and violent, assault" and "moving like a bow, blowing like thunder." Its strength methods mainly include cross strength, sinking strength, and winding strength, but the various strengths are not isolated, but are closely connected and compatible with each other as a whole.

  1. The process of Bajiquan's powerful technique

  The fist proverb goes: "It moves like a bow stretched, and it blows like thunder." This is a vivid description of the process of Bajiquan's strength. "Moving like a bow stretched" is the process of accumulating energy, which means that the body is full of energy like a drawn bow, and then the energy accumulated in the whole body is transferred to the limbs and released. In fact, the phrase "body is like a bow and fist like an arrow" is the same as the process of accumulating energy and generating force in Bajiquan.

"Fa Ruo Exploding Thunder" is a feature that describes the moment when the Baji fist exerts its strength. It contains two meanings. One is that the force must be sudden and violent, making people caught off guard, and it must have a destructive aura; the other is that the force must be radiated in all directions with the human body as the center, and there must be a strong presence in any direction. Like a bomb exploding in the air.

  Although the force of Bajiquan is fierce and violent, it pays attention to "strength to the hair" in practice and application, that is, the "inch Jin" and "explosive force" commonly used in martial arts practice, but what Bajiquan emits is supervising. The power of penetration is not the power of jittering. The whole process of Bajiquan's force exertion can be divided into the movement process (preparation process for exerting force) and exerting force. The movement course of exerting force must be relaxed, and it must meet the requirements of being loose, unrelenting, fast and not stiff. In order to quickly complete the action process on the premise of saving energy and straightening out the tendons, when the action runs to the designated position, suddenly exert force. Therefore, the essentials of Bajiquan's force exertion process are summarized as follows: The process before exerting force must be relaxed and fast, and when exerting force must be sudden and violent, that is: fast in place and exert force in place. This is not only a requirement for practice, but also a key to application.

  2. The scientific principle of Bajiquan's power-generating technique

  Bajiquan follows the principle of "Sport Biomechanics" when exerting force, and conforms to the law of conservation of momentum, that is, ∑mv=constant quantity, where m is mass, v is speed, their product mv is momentum, and momentum describes the motion state of an object Physical quantity.

  Some people say that strength is different from force. This is in terms of mechanics. For those who practice martial arts, in general, the force referred to is jin, sometimes called jin, sometimes called force, and sometimes called jin force. From the scientific point of view of mechanics, the difference is the difference between momentum and force. Momentum (the product of the mass and speed of an object) is an external manifestation of the potential energy inside the human body. Once the human body moves, it It shows that we can still observe its existence even if we don’t hit the object; and force is the effect of the object on the object, and there is no effect of the object on the object, which means that when we don’t hit any object, the "force" does not exist. of.

  Then the physical quantity of the object (person) that describes the motion state of the object (person) is what we call jin, or jin is a state in which momentum is the main factor; that is due to the effect of the object (person) on the object The factor that can be manifested by the action of (human) is what we call force, that is to say, force is a kind of effect shown by the transformation of momentum after hitting an object.

  The meaning of the law of conservation of momentum in "Sport Biomechanics" is: we can regard "a person" as a system, then when the sum of the external forces received by this system is zero or constant, the human system itself has The sum of momentum remains the same (constant). When the momentum of a certain direction changes (increasing or decreasing), the corresponding momentum (in the opposite direction) will also change (increasing or decreasing) to keep the total momentum unchanged.

  At the moment when Bajiquan exerts force, the forward movement trend or speed of the human body does not have a dominant effect on the force exerted, or even does not work. Its function is to quickly reach the position. When exerting force, this forward trend can only be reduced, not increased, or even reduced to a minimum (it can be ignored). Therefore, we can say that the power of Bajiquan is not obtained by the overall forward movement, but can only be exploded out of the human body.

  Now, we will use the law of conservation of momentum to study the force-generating technique of Bajiquan. First of all, we can regard the human body as a system composed of countless small particles. Since the particles are very small, the influence of its shape on movement is negligible. In this way, we only need to study the laws of motion of any related two small particles, and then integrate the motion characteristics of the small particles together by the method of integration, and then we can get the characteristics of the overall motion of the human being, and summarize some laws from them to form The scientific theory of Bajiquan's strength is to guide our martial arts practice activities.

Bajiquan is at the moment of exerting force (we have to distinguish the process of forward movement of the human body from the moment of exerting force), because we can regard the total momentum of the human body as a constant (actually a smaller constant) Or zero). So when we exert force, we actually rely on internal force to explode in all directions. At this time, the motion of every two small particles corresponding to each other obeys the law of conservation of momentum, that is, m1v1=m2v2, that is, the momentum of the two small particles is equal. , In the opposite direction, the total momentum is zero. If we increase the momentum m1v1 of one of the small particles, the momentum m2v2 of the other small particle will be increased accordingly (equal in magnitude and opposite in direction), because the sum of momentum will not change (constant or zero). That is, if we want to increase the entire forward momentum ∑m1iv1i, we must increase all the backward momentum ∑m2iv2i.

  When we hit the opponent's body, this forward momentum (∑m1iv1i) will be transformed into impulse (F·△t), that is, when one object acts on another object, the force (F) is shown. . The impulse in Mechanics represents the change of the momentum of the object, F·△t=mv2-mv1, this is the momentum theorem. From the theorem, we can see that in the case of fixed momentum changes, the shorter the acting time, the greater the force. On the contrary, the longer the acting time, the smaller the force. Therefore, in order to increase the force, we must try to shorten it as much as possible. The action time, in fact, if the action time exceeds two seconds, it is not a beating. Correctly speaking, it should be a push. Therefore, when Bajiquan exerts its strength, it pays attention to the instant burst, which is in line with the momentum theorem.

The sinking strength produced by the Bajiquan exerts a great pressure on the ground. This strong pressure creates a lot of friction between the person and the ground, which makes the foot roots to fight against the opponent. The reaction force can more effectively apply forward momentum to the opponent's body, enhancing the impact effect.

  From the above qualitative analysis of Bajiquan's force-generating technique using the scientific principles of "Sport Biomechanics", we can draw the following conclusions: First, the strength of Bajiquan erupts from the inside to the outside, which is the energy inside the human body. Release instantly. The second is that Bajiquan is stable at the moment when the force is exerted, because it does not rely on the energy obtained by the human body moving forward quickly, but on the adjustment of the momentum distribution in the human body system, which maintains the entire system. The stability. The third is that if we want to increase the forward strike force of the front hand, we must increase the force of the back hand to pull backward at the same time. Just like the old boxer said, "The front hand is very strong, but the back hand is not good for nine minutes. It must also be ten." Fourth, the strength of Bajiquan radiates from the human body to the outside, in any direction. There is strength, and there is a strength of equal magnitude and opposite direction corresponding to it. This is what people call the six-sided integral force.

  2. The characteristics and functions of Bajiquan's force-generating technique

  Through the analysis of Bajiquan's strength, we can conclude that the characteristics and functions of Bajiquan's strength are mainly in the following aspects.

  One is the vigorous, violent and sudden force. Since the force of Bajiquan is the overall force, the force is emitted from the human body, and the various parts are highly coordinated. When launched at the same time, it fully stimulates the potential of the human body and makes it burst out in an instant, forming a Bajiquan. Jiquan strength is violent and violent. In practical use, it is extremely powerful and extremely lethal, and even the simplest and most basic moves are extremely effective.

  The second is full strength and both offense and defense. As we have mentioned before, the strength of Bajiquan is radiated from the human body to all places. There are both visible and hidden strength. It can be said that the whole body hides strength everywhere. Some areas seem weak, but they are powerful when touched, and they are powerful in all directions. Whether the opponent performs cracking or sneak attacks in any direction, or attacks from several different directions at the same time, they will encounter a powerful rebound, thus playing the role of protecting themselves and hurting the opponent.

  The third is the succession of rigidity and softness, and the coexistence of virtuality and reality. The strength of Bajiquan seems to be fierce, but in the process of accumulating strength and strength, it must be soft and natural, fast but not stiff, soft and unremitting, and suddenly exert strength when it is quickly in place. The softness of the process and the rigidity of the force fully embodies the characteristics of the strength of the Bajiquan. The flexible process creates good conditions for the rigidity of the force and provides a sufficient guarantee. This combination of strength and softness makes Bajiquan's moves can be combined with reality when applied. Every move and every style can be real or virtual. If you don't use force, you will be virtual. If you use force, you will be virtual. If you don't use it, it will be virtual. Become real, so it can make it hard to tell the truth, and the truth is indistinguishable.

  The fourth is to be breathless, simple and practical. Bajiquan is accompanied by blows when exerting strength, so that the strength is united, and the inside and the outside are united. Even the simplest moves contain extremely ingenious strength, and can directly use the internal energy in actual combat, thus giving out the strength of supervision. This force is very strong, just like the waves of the sea, continuous waves, one wave after another, through the body, injuring the internal organs, making people unable to resist. After being hit, people don't feel much outside, but the internal organs are as unbearable as being overwhelmed. This is what boxers call "internal injuries."

  3. Problems that are easy to occur when practicing Bajiquan's strength technique

  The power of Bajiquan requires a high level of overall coordination, and there are many subtleties. Therefore, there will be some problems and mistakes when practicing. In summary, there are four main aspects: one is that the essentials are not clear, and the other is One-sided understanding, the third is eagerness to exert strength, and the fourth is the lack of strength.

  Unclear method refers to the inability to correctly understand the method of exerting power, or to try to stop it, which leads to wrong judgment. Because it is a misunderstanding or a teacher’s wrong teaching, the students’ misconceptions are formed. Once this concept is formed, it is very stubborn. It is difficult to listen to the advice of others, so the final practice is not eight. The strength of Jiquan is just like what people in the martial arts circle often say, "What you practice is the frame of Bajiquan, not the strength of Bajiquan." The solution to this situation is to overcome the self-righteous mentality and humbly ask the reputable old boxer for advice. It is even better if you ask an old boxer who even your teacher respects very much. You must be sincere when asking, so that people can really tell you. After getting the guidance of an experienced veteran boxer, you must observe carefully and understand the truth from it.

  One-sided understanding means that one knows only one of the essentials of exerting force, but does not know the other, grasps one point and ignores the rest. As a result, when exerting force, there is more than one aspect, but in other aspects, it violates the requirements of the essentials of boxing. For example: Everyone knows that Bajiquan means taking all directions far away, but some people only have one farther away when they practice exerting force, and some people let their heads go when exerting force, as if they have reached the limit. Far, but the power point is unknown, the whole is not explosive, and it has lost the true meaning of Bajiquan.

  Anxious to exert strength refers to the eagerness to exert strength in the action even though the correct method is known, but it has not yet been implemented in the actual movement. Generally people think that the strength of Bajiquan is strong, and they always feel that the lack of force is not enough to reflect the characteristics of Bajiquan, so they are eager to exert force and try to be quick for a while. As a result, the strength is rigid, incompatibility and many other unfavorable factors. Generation hinders the formation of correct strength. Although diligent practice and hard work, but still get half the result with half the effort, and progress is slow. This is the principle of "hastily is not achieved". The way to overcome it is not to rush to exert strength, but to carefully understand the essentials in slow training, so that the essentials are naturally dissolved in the movement, and then gradually try to exert the strength, and you will naturally receive good results.

  Incompatibility of strength refers to the failure to meet the requirements of Liuhe when exerting strength, and the overall incoordination, which is what the old boxer talks about "failure to fight". The so-called "integration" is to exert force as a whole, that is, to unite. The main manifestations of the lack of strength are that one is the out of synch between the blow and the force; the second is the disconnection between the stomping and the force; the third is the lack of vertical neck and top strength; the fourth is the unequal strength of the back hand and the front hand, and the back hand is facing Back deflection, etc.; Fifth, lack of sinking strength, body ups and downs, high and low, etc. The best way to overcome these faults is to have the teacher correct them one by one, or you can have a good kung fu brother do it for you. The key to boxing practitioners is to understand and correct them carefully to overcome the faults one by one.

  4. How to practice the power technique of Bajiquan

  To practice Bajiquan’s force-generating technique, you must first correctly master the essentials, and the most basic essentials are the basic requirements of Bajiquan for various parts of the body, that is, "including chest and back, top and waist, sinking shoulders and falling elbows, and qi penetration. Dantian". Then carefully consider the principle and process of Bajiquan's strength, so that while practicing theory while anti-copying proof, it will have a multiplier effect with half the effort.

  The second is to start with "Cross Strength". Because "cross-strength" is the mainstream of Bajiquan strength, it also includes other strength methods, so you can grasp the essence of things by first practicing this strength. The so-called "cross-strength" refers to the force of the front hand hitting forward and the force of the back hand pulling back to form a horizontal "cross"; while shoulders, elbows, stomping, and blows are all limbs down. The strength of sinking, with the top, vertical neck, and waist forming an upward pulling strength, constitutes the vertical force of the "cross", so we call it "cross strength", also called "cross top pulling strength".

  The third is to choose exercises that can fully reflect the characteristics of Bajiquan's strength. These actions are mainly to hold the hammer, face the palm and hold the baby (horse step against the elbow). Whether it is standing on a pile to cultivate internal force, or trying and letting it go, start with these actions and practice repeatedly. Each movement should be practiced one by one, strive to be accurate, remember the hair and grass, and finally achieve a qualitative change by the accumulation of the number of exercises. The old boxers said: "You can't get out of strength if you hold a baby without hitting 20,000 strokes." While the supporting hammer and the facing palm should be practiced "indefinitely, the more the better, and you have to learn to be experienced to the old." After a long time, you will experience the mystery of them.

  The fourth is to make progress gradually. When practicing, you must first use the dark energy to experience the sensations in all aspects of the body. After the feeling is right, you can try to exert a little strength, and then gradually increase the strength with the increase of the skill, that is, "use the dark energy to tease the bright energy. ". But after having a certain skill, remember to use less energy (that is, very energy).

  Fifth, Bajiquan practices explosive power, which is what people call "inch Jin". He talks about Jin to hair, but it is Duto Jin, not Vibrating Jin. The movement process should be gentle and natural, fully relaxed, but relaxed and unremitting. After quickly reaching the position, suddenly exert force. When exerting force, "like a pile of mud hitting it", it must be firm and steady, without shaking or trembling.

  Strength is the soul of boxing. Only when strength is well practiced, can we lay a solid foundation for future boxing practice, and then can we practice well and use precision, and be able to produce the full circle strength of all six sides at any time under any circumstances. Give full play to its great power in actual combat.

## (II) The Stomp

The "stomping, blowing and exerting force" of Bajiquan together constitute the three basic elements of Bajiquan's strength, which are the basic characteristics of Bajiquan that distinguish it from other types of boxing. If these basic elements are lost, they will be lost. The essence of Bajiquan. Therefore, the basic elements constitute the main frame of boxing and lay the foundation of the entire boxing skills. It is a technique that must be mastered by boxers first, and it plays a vital role in improving the overall level of boxing. At present, there are many practitioners and enthusiasts of Bajiquan, but there is a widespread phenomenon that the basic skills are not good enough, or even do not get started. In response to this situation, starting from this lecture, the basic techniques of Bajiquan will be analyzed and explained one after another, hoping to help and enlighten the fans of Bajiquan and realize the essence of Bajiquan.

  The "stomping" of Bajiquan is also called "stomping". It is the main factor that constitutes the unique footwork of Bajiquan, and it is also an important part of the strength of Bajiquan. There are different exercises and forms of stomping, such as stomping in place, stomping up, stomping backwards, stomping on both feet, stomping on one foot, stomping on one foot, etc. There are differences in lightness, severity, slowness, urgency, lightness, and darkness in practice.

  1. The role of stomping technique.

  The stomping technique has four main functions: one can help the punch, two can strengthen the foundation, three can increase power, and four can attack the game.

  The so-called assisting fist position. One is to make the whole body's strength coordinated and smooth through the exercise of the stomping technique, which helps the upper limbs, trunk and other parts of the overall force to increase the strength and effectiveness of the blow. The second is the aura of landslides and ground cracks caused by stomping, which can deter the enemy, exerting psychological pressure on the opponent, causing them to feel a sense of fear, and playing a preemptive effect.

  The so-called solid foundation. It refers to the sinking strength produced by exerting force, through stomping the foot straight through the ground and piercing into the ground, so that the foot can be rooted and the bottom plate is stable, which is the effect of rapidly increasing the friction between the foot and the ground in an instant.

  The so-called increased power. It is through long-term stomping exercises that can increase the strength of the lower limbs and produce penetration. In martial arts practice, there is a method of kicking and rocking. We are the method of kicking the earth.

  The so-called undercut. It means that stomp is a relatively hidden leg method, that is, you can step on the opponent's foot, and when you step on it, you can break the toe and ankle bones. If you don't step on it, you can occupy the middle door and mess up the opponent's footwork. "It's hard to prevent even the gods". At the same time, you can eat and stay the opponent's bottom game, and use the three-set combo technique to make the opponent impossible to defend, which is extremely effective.

  2. Practicing stomp technique is easy to make mistakes.

  There are four main mistakes that are easy to occur in the process of practicing the stomping technique: one is raising the foot too high, the second is the foot is not solid, the third is the strength is unknown, and the fourth is the strength is not compatible. Bajiquan's stomping is different from other types of fists, especially the shaking of the feet of Changquan. It is a part of the overall force, and its technique is also very delicate.

  Raise your foot too high

  It is caused by the fact that the practitioners do not seek thorough understanding, simply imitate, do not understand the reason, and have deviations in understanding. They always feel that only by raising their feet can they use their strength, and the result is out of touch with the overall force. Boxing proverb goes: "Eight poles and eight poles, keep your feet on the ground." Bajiquan's legs must not be as high as the knees, and the footwork must be close to the ground to ensure the stability of the bottom plate.

  Unrealistic

  That is to say, the foot-removing piece that the Baji boxer usually talks about is caused by the simple local force of the legs and feet. It sounds snapping and the sound is clear. Although it has a good performance effect, it only stays on the surface of the ground due to the strength. , Has no practical value. The correct stomping is part of the overall force, so after landing, the overall strength is through the stomping straight through the ground and deep underground. The sound is dull and thick. It sounds like the sound comes from the ground. When you practice indoors, you will feel the ground and walls. All trembling.

  Unknown strength

  Mainly refers to the toes, soles, heels, outside of the soles of the feet and other parts of the force is not clear, or the wrong local force, resulting in heel, ankle and other parts of the injury, affecting the effect of practice and the mastery of the correct method. When practicing stomp, the focus point should be changed according to different movement needs and purposes, but in any case, the ten-toed grip should be ensured, and the heel should never be allowed to touch the ground first.

  Lack of strength

  It is the source of all kinds of errors. The main manifestation is simply stomping for the sole purpose of stomping, resulting in inconsistency between the force of the legs and the overall strength and the blow, resulting in the inability to penetrate the internal energy and the strength to sink. In order to increase the strength of stomping, some people's body first rises and then sinks, but they collapsed and broke the strength. Some people focus their attention on stomping during practice, making the stomping force heavier than that of the upper limbs, which also forms an overall discomfort. Stomping is not the point, which will affect the overall level of boxing skills, but also cause injuries. In the mild case, it is easy to injure the foot, and in the severe case, it will shake the brain and cause cerebrovascular disease.

  3. How to practice stomping technique correctly.

  First of all, choose a suitable practice venue. Stomping exercises are best done on earthy surfaces. The cement floor is too hard and easily hurts, the floor is elastic and it is not easy to produce vigor and firmness. If the carpet is too soft, there will always be a feeling of inadequate strength, and it will affect the improvement of the technical level for a long time.

  The second is to proceed step by step, from light to heavier, to lighter. Stomping lightly is also referred to as using dark energy. Especially beginners must be careful not to exert strength easily. It should be done by practicing dark energy more, exerting strength and smoothness, and coordinating the whole body. After a period of time, try to exert strength again, that is, an old boxer. What we call "make Mingjin come out with dark energy". Even if you have a certain amount of skill, you should use less Mingjin, and even less exert your full energy (that is, very strong), so as to avoid the formation of wrong power stereotypes and even injuries. Once the wrong thing is formed and a habit is formed, it will be difficult to change it later. That is to say, the so-called "learning boxing is easy to change boxing is difficult".

  The third is to stomp and be in harmony with each other. Whether the inside and outside of boxing are compatible depends mainly on whether the qi and strength are compatible. The combination of qi and strength is the key to the Liuhe of boxing. Stomping the body is also a kind of force. Therefore, stoking and stomping are in harmony with each other and are also a necessary factor to complete the stomping technique. The main sign of the combination of stomping and stomping is that the two are produced at the same time and completed at the same time. There can be no leading and lagging phenomena, and there cannot be no stomping when stomping. The degree of blowing air should be consistent with the intensity of the force, so that the penetration of the internal air can prevent the reaction from the ground from damaging the body.

  Fourth, the posture must be correct. Do not lift your foot too high when stomping, and lower the height of the front foot as much as possible when stomping down. The bending of the legs should be moderate. Excessive straightness is not good for alleviating the reaction force on the ground. Excessive bending will easily cause the stomping to be out of touch with the overall strength, resulting in partial force and overall discrepancy. Therefore, the fist frame should be slightly higher during the first practice.

  The fifth is to practice stomp in coordination with other movements. When practicing, follow the principle of simple to complex. You can combine footwork to practice stomping without upper-limb movement, and then add simple upper-limb movements, and gradually apply them to more complex movements, but you should not rush it, which may cause problems caused by upper-limb movements. Affect the quality of stomp.

  Sixth, stomping must be consistent with the overall strength. Stomping is an organic part of the overall force. It is a reflection of the downward force in the cross-strength. It should not be a local forceful movement of the legs and feet, but urges the legs and feet down when the overall force is applied. A powerful movement must have a stomping, and the amount of stomping strength is directly governed by the overall strength.

  Although the stomping technique is the basic technique of Bajiquan, it is crucial to the role of the entire boxing technique. Its principle and function cannot be summarized by a single text, and its profoundness cannot be revealed by a text, but the practitioner If you can thoroughly understand the content of this article, you can carefully understand it during practice, and over time, the stomping technique will become more refined and the overall level of boxing skills will be greatly improved.

## (III) The Blow

Blowing the air of Bajiquan is the basic element that constitutes the characteristics of Bajiquan's strength, and it is a unique method of using Qi for Bajiquan. As the saying goes: "Practice one breath inside, and practice muscles and bones outside." This is the experience of boxers. Traditional Chinese **martial arts** emphasize both internal and external training, and have always attached great importance to Qi training. This is also the main difference between traditional Chinese martial arts and other fighting techniques. There are many ways to practice Qi in martial arts, and their manifestations are also different, but there are mainly two types of internal training and external use, and the method of blowing the breath is the most applicable Qi method in actual combat.

  1. The role of blowing technology

  Blowing is a very important basic technique of Bajiquan. It has four main functions: one can stabilize the bottom plate, two can increase strength, three can strengthen muscles and bones, and four can promote Liuhe.

  The so-called stabilization. It is by blowing the qi to promote the penetration of the internal qi, that is, the dantian qi is injected into the feet through the legs and emitted downward from the Yongquan point, thereby making the bottom plate stable. The so-called "gassing is stable, air floating is floating" is this truth. In the application, when the other party tries to fall you and exerts force, you can blow your breath and sink, and it is difficult for the other party to fall you. This is what people call "falling by a thousand pounds".

  The so-called stiffening force. It is by blowing the qi to stimulate the dantian qi to be emitted from the power point of the limbs, thereby increasing the strength of the power point, and can penetrate into the opponent's body and injure their internal organs. Therefore, offensive techniques accompanied by blows can increase the attack effect.

  The so-called strong muscles and bones. At the moment of blowing out, all parts of the body are filled with infuriating energy, just like an inflated ball, which can resist hits and rebound. When encountering the opponent’s attack and unable to evade, blowing my breath can prevent the external force from penetrating into my body, thereby increasing the resistance of various parts of the body; it can also use the blowing to generate rebound power, hurting the opponent, the opponent The greater the force, the heavier the injury. When practicing body slap exercises such as backing on hills and leaning on piles, it is accompanied by blowing your breath, which can prevent internal organs from being injured and promote the growth of skills.

  The so-called promote Liuhe. It is to promote the realization of Liuhe requirements of boxing. Boxing all talks about Liuhe, and the external three-heavy "hands and feet, elbows and knees, shoulders and hips" are the requirements for a coordinated body shape. The "Heart and Will, Will and Qi" in the inner sanhe are the requirements for the internal factors and spirit of the human body, and the "Qi and force" is the key link in the communication between inside and outside. That is to say, only the combination of energy and force can make the inside and the outside be united, and the combination of the inner and the outside can achieve Liuhe. Bajiquan is accompanied by blows when exerting strength, which is a specific way to combine Qi and strength. If you do not know how to blow your breath in Bajiquan, or you can't blow it, it will lead to internal and external incompatibility, and it will be difficult to practice for a lifetime.

  2. Problems that are easy to occur when practicing the blowing technique

  Blowing is a basic technique of Bajiquan. At the beginning of practicing boxing, it is necessary to practice blowing the breath at the same time. Moreover, it is the key to Bajiquan Liuhe, so we should pay attention to it as soon as possible, but at present there are many problems in the blowing technique, which need to be solved in time.

  These problems can be summed up in five main areas: one is the lack of breath, the second is mechanical imitation, the third is the unclear essentials, the fourth is the time is too long, and the fifth is the lack of strength.

  No blow: The main reason is that you have a superficial understanding of Bajiquan. If you don’t have a combination of Qi and strength, there is Liuhe. If Qi and strength are not in harmony, you will lose the essence of boxing. Are you still practicing Bajiquan? Some people have practiced Bajiquan with the teacher for many years, but still can’t blow their breath. When asked the teacher’s blow technique, the teacher said: "You have not practiced until the time is right. If you practice early, you will go wrong." A disciple who has practiced Bajiquan for decades can't blow his breath, and all he has practiced is "Rippa Boxing". I really don't know when he can teach "Blowing"? I am afraid that even he himself has only heard of it, and hasn't practiced it at all, right? This is really misleading.

  Mechanical imitation: It is a problem that most beginners tend to make. The main reason is the coach's problem, or the conservative thinking is serious and unwilling to explain in detail, or the reason is not clear, so it is impossible to explain it clearly. Therefore, the students had to imitate the teacher mechanically. The teacher "huh" and the students followed the "huh", the teacher "ha" the students followed "ha", and what was more, they even checked each action with "huh" and "ha". It is the most obvious feature of mechanical imitation.

  Unclear essentials: It means that you don't know the principle of blowing, and the method and steps of the practice are not clear. The difference in the use of blowing in different situations is ambiguous, which leads to deviations. Some only use the nasal cavity to blow air. When the force is strong, the face becomes flushed due to the narrowing of the nasal cavity, which causes the qi and blood to surge, which not only causes the capillary in the nasal cavity to rupture and hemorrhage, but also has an adverse effect on the cerebral blood vessels and brain nerve . Some require the tongue to lick the palate. This is correct when the force is small and only the nasal cavity is used to blow the air, but when the force is large and the oral cavity is required to participate in the blow, the tongue is formed to block the airflow and participate in the blowing process. , Which affects the normal operation of the blow, and causes errors for a long time, making it difficult to improve the quality of the blow.

  Too long time: It means that the time spent in the process of blowing the breath is obviously prolonged, so that not only can it not play the role of blowing the breath, but it also makes the body vent the true Qi, which is self-defeating and counterproductive. Just like a deflated ball, weak and weak, it can neither increase its strength nor improve its ability to resist hits.

  Incompatibility of Qi: The several situations mentioned above will affect the combination of Qi and strength of boxing. But the incompatibility of strength I am talking about here mainly refers to the phenomenon that blowing out and exerting strength are out of sync, either leading or lagging. The main performance is: some blow the breath first and then blow the force, some blow the breath first and then blow, and some blow the breath for longer than the time of the force, and so on. If these problems are not solved in time, they will form a habit over time, which will directly hinder the improvement of boxing skills, affect the correct understanding of Bajiquan technology, and will be greatly reduced when applied, and even produce side effects. Therefore, we must take these problems seriously and timely Correct the wrong way to make your boxing skills move forward smoothly.

  3. How to properly practice blowing technique

  The vocalization of Bajiquan is different from the vocalization of other types of boxing, and it is not the same as the yelling of practicing boxing. There is a big difference between them in essence. Therefore, the following points should be clarified when practicing blowing.

  1. It is necessary to clarify the process and requirements of blowing air

  The blow of Bajiquan is to quickly expel the floating air from the body at the moment of exerting force, so that the inner qi flows down and the true qi is stored. The key to blowing the breath is that the whole process must be completed in a very short time. It must be produced and ended at the same time as the force exerted. There must be no one party leading or lagging behind, so as to achieve the effect of the force and the force. When blowing air, the nasal cavity and oral cavity only serve as a channel, and other parts of the mouth and nasal cavity should ensure that this channel is unobstructed, so as to ensure the rapid passage of airflow. When the air flow is ejected at a high speed, due to the principle of reaction force, a large amount of internal Qi will sink in the body, thus inspiring the dantian Zhen Qi to send out. When talking about blowing out, the old boxers said: "Three points outside and seven points inside." That means spit out three points outside and seven points inside. This is a vivid way of exhaling a small amount of floating air and sinking a large amount of internal air.

  2. To clarify the essence of "huh-ha" two qi

  Generally, when Baji boxers talk about blowing their breath, they say that there are two kinds of qi, "huh, ha", and some even implement it in specific movements. Which movements are "huh" and which movements use "ha", but they are also intuitive and easy to understand. Easy to remember. But the author thinks that "huh ha" two qi is only the external appearance of blowing, not the essence of blowing. If you only understand and guide the practice based on the external appearance, it will inevitably lead to deviations. The difference between the two qi of "huh ha" is determined by the degree of blowing, and the degree of blowing depends on the force, that is, the degree of blowing and force should be highly consistent. When the force is small or when the dark force is hit, the blow is slight. At this time, the amount of floating air discharged is also small. It can be done only with the nasal cavity. Because the sound of the airflow through the nasal cavity is similar to "hum", boxers say that That is "hum". When the force is strong or full, the blow is heavy. At this time, the amount of floating air is also large, and the nasal cavity is narrow, which is obviously not enough to complete the task. At this time, you need to use the oral cavity to supplement, or even focus on the oral cavity. To ensure the smooth completion of the blowing process, since most of the high-speed airflow passes through the mouth, the sound produced is similar to "Ha", which boxers call "Ha". This is the reason and essence of the formation of the two qi of "humph". Therefore, in the process of practicing blowing the breath, when to use "hum" and when to use "ha" are determined by the amount of force exerted and the severity of the blowing. If we only practice a set of small frames with one or two points of strength, the nasal cavity is enough to blow the breath, then the sound produced is similar to "hum", and the term "hum" is to use "hum". Practicing small frames; if we practice small frames with seven or eight points of strength, and blow mainly by the mouth, the sound we make will be similar to "ha", and we will practice small frames with "ha"; and practice When the force is exerted from time to time, light and heavy at the same time, the two qi of "huh ha" are combined.

  In short, if we have mastered the above principles, we can easily handle the relationship between the two qi of "huh-ha", everything will go with the flow, and there is no need to specify the two qi of "huh-ha" separately for each action and trick.

  3. Precautions for practicing the blowing technique

  It is best to practice blowing your breath under the guidance of an experienced veteran boxer, so that you can get started quickly, master the essentials, and not easily go wrong. The second is to adhere to the principle of gradual and orderly progress, from light to heavy. When practicing lightly, carefully understand the essentials and find the right feeling. When you feel that the essential requirements have been met, then gradually increase. The third is to blow the breath in a very short time, but the airflow cannot be consciously cut off. The fourth is that blowing breath must be closely coordinated with exertion, and first of all, it must meet the requirement of "simultaneous generation and simultaneous termination". Fifth, when you feel unwell, you should find out the cause, make adjustments, and correct mistakes. If you are unsure, you should consult the teacher in time to avoid bad habits that are difficult to correct, or even deviations, which will harm your body, which will not only affect the improvement of your boxing skills. , And even leave endless troubles and regrets.

## (IV) The Steps Beyond

After hundreds of years of accumulation and improvement, Bajiquan has formed a training system and training procedures that conform to the law of **martial arts** development, and a system that conforms to the law of scientific development. This system cannot be changed. The teaching and training of Bajiquan should be carried out strictly according to the steps. The content and order of the exercises are very clear. Each stage of the exercise has different requirements. It cannot be simply subjectively guessed and understood, and cannot be deleted at its own discretion. Some people think that practice is for use, so when practicing moves, they should be consistent with the actual application. This is because they do not know the relationship between the role of the practice process and the purpose of the practice. Some people think that the content of the exercises is cumbersome and delete them, and some think that the content of the exercises is too little, so they make up their own punches, and as a result, they can't practice excellent martial arts. These phenomena are particularly numerous in the martial arts festival and should arouse our attention.

  1. The role of practice methods

  The practice content of Bajiquan has different requirements and different functions at different stages, but the most important thing is to master the principles through practice. Just like what we are talking about in physics class, we must first correctly understand the meaning of the law, and then explain typical examples to help students deepen their understanding of the application of the law. For more applications, as long as you master the law and truly understand the meaning of the law, students can Use it flexibly to solve more related problems. The typical movements in the Bajiquan practice process are equivalent to typical sample questions. They are used to deepen the understanding of the principles. There are changes in the application. As long as you can deeply understand the principles, you can make changes yourself. When the author taught students more than ten years ago, all fourteen or five-year-old students understood and blurted out that "Master teaches big tricks." After hearing this, I was deeply impressed. How could someone practice such a simple truth? Didn't understand for decades?

  2. Three stages of Bajiquan practice

  **Primary stage:** the practice stage of basic Kungfu, with the basic content of learning typical movements, boxing skills, and equipment, mainly the mastery of movement specifications and movement essentials. Beginners must persevere and endure hardships and stand hard work. Don't be greedy, need to be precise, make every move and every style accurate, and at the same time have a sense of attack. Make the skills more and more proficient, the familiarity will clear the meaning, the qi and the force will be smooth, and the body will be steadily, so as to gradually transition from the elementary to the intermediate.

  **Intermediate stage: In** order to test the skills and dismantle the routines, it is important to understand and master the laws and characteristics of their martial arts and defenses. Repeat single exercises, that is, single-stroke exercises. Two people can pair dismantling moves, and they can also be fed by the teacher. The essentials and details of the application, and meet the requirements of Bajiquan.

  **Advanced stage:** After a long time of practice, achieve the impervious martial arts technique, which can move randomly, adapt naturally, and do whatever one wants. The moves are not controlled by the mind, and the body is not restricted by the moves. The move is the move, the move There are methods for all tricks. The forces of all parts of the body are integrated, and the contacts reflect like springs, generating sudden forces. Achieve the state of intangible, intangible, and inexorable.

  3. Methods and steps for practicing Bajiquan

  **First of all, we must prepare for the activity.** The unique warm-up activities of Bajiquan include: slipping acupuncture points, holding palms in circles, and relaxing the crotch. Each time you practice, you first practice these movements, and then you can practice footwork, slipping and other movements. Straighten out the tendons and veins through preparation activities, make the joints flexible and free, and prepare for the next exercise.

  **The second is to practice basic movements.** Mainly practice the three movements of supporting the hammer, facing the palm and holding the baby. Each movement should be practiced repeatedly. You can practice one movement at a time according to the size of the practice area, or you can take an intermittent practice method. Practice the movement once, relax and walk back when you come back, and then practice the second time. It can play a role in relieving and avoiding movement deformation due to exercise fatigue. When practicing, you must strictly follow the action route, action specifications, and essentials. First of all, you must relax, do not use force, on the basis of more training, to achieve overall body coordination, that is, to meet the requirements of the external three-in-one, then gradually try to exert force, and cooperate with the blow, so that the vigor is combined to meet the requirements of the six-in-one.

  Master the essentials of Bajiquan through these three typical movements, and practice the cross-top pull-out strength of Bajiquan. This is the process of changing force, so that the old force is completely removed, the new force is gradually generated, and the practice is to increase the new force, and the new force is the kung fu, which is the so-called jin, and this force will last for a long time. Practicing boxing is to transform one's explosive force, buoyancy, vitality, stiffness, and strength into strength, strength, vitality, and familiarity. Practitioners often feel that they have a lot of strength when they first start practicing, but after a long time, they feel that their whole body is slack and weak. Actually, the old strength gradually disappears and the new strength gradually emerges. This is the long-term effort.

  The author encountered an example in teaching. I hope everyone will take warning. I have a nephew who has practiced the first two poses of the Vajra Eight Pose for half a year. One day I went to the junior’s place and he was there. The junior asked me to continue teaching. In the last few poses, I asked him to practice these two poses to see to what extent, but the strength has not yet been matched. It turned out that he practiced on his own after he finished learning. He felt that the practice was for use, so he simplified the movements and went directly to the punches, lacking the process of accumulating energy. The result was futile, so I asked to change back and practice again. I waited. After two months, Shi Jin basically got together. It can be seen that it is very important to practice strictly according to the ancient method, and the changes that are taken for granted will affect the progress of the practice.

  The fist frame can be slightly higher in the first practice, so that it is easy to grasp the essentials, and practice the movements as quickly as possible, and improve the strength. Then lower the boxing frame appropriately.

  **The third is to practice standing kung fu.** You can perform stand-up exercises with the baby in one position or two split palms. The exercise specifications should be accurate, the whole body should be relaxed, and the breathing should be adjusted to make the breathing uniform and natural. Carefully understand the essentials of each part of the body. After you have made some progress, you can practice the whole set of stance skills with the octochi frame.

  **The fourth is to practice both practical exercises.** When practicing Bajiquan for the first time, some practical exercises can be carried out according to the content of the practice. For example, when practicing facing palms, you can cooperate with the practice of hitting the tree with the palms, holding the tree with both palms, and holding the corner of the wall to increase the punching strength of the palms. . After a period of time, the content of the exercises increases, and you can practice the postures. When practicing practical exercises, you should choose the one that suits you. Regardless of the type of practice, you must adhere to it frequently and practice strictly according to the requirements. The principle of not using too much force must be maintained. The growth of skill is a small incremental process, and you should not rush to seek. To avoid hurting himself, Mr. Huo Qingyun often said: "Hard kungfu requires soft practice, and soft kungfu must be hard practice." This statement is very reasonable and is a summary of the experience of the practice process.

  **The fifth is to focus on single-hand exercises.** Single-hands is to practice single-stroke and single-stroke. Don’t just practice as a routine. That can’t be refined. But in single-stroke exercises, you must have an imaginary enemy in your mind, and every move must be imaginatively applied to the opponent. Only in this way can the action have an offensive and defensive meaning. Only by practicing one move too much and forming a natural conditioned reflex, can it be handy, used freely, and applied to the enemy.

  **Sixth, confrontational exercises.** The antagonistic exercises should be carried out on the basis of single exercises. First, apply the exercises of single strokes. In the first practice, they should feed each other. One person puts a boxing frame and the other enters the move. Carefully understand the usage, and gradually wait until you are proficient. Try to confront. On this basis, practice eight pole butt, the effect will be better. From mutual cooperation to changing moves, and then to flexible application, this is the practice method that is applied to the enemy.

  4. Master the drill characteristics of different contents of Bajiquan

  The training content of Bajiquan ranges from Baji Small Frame to King Kong Ba-style, Bajiquan, Six Dakai, and Yingshouquan. Each content has different functions, characteristics, and exercise styles. The practitioner should be clear. Mastering, not practicing, is a style and a characteristic.

  The basic movements of Bajiquan are basic exercises, which must be practiced one by one and one by one. Just like practicing calligraphy, one drawing, starting, moving, and ending must be explained clearly and must not be vague. Imitating the teacher's actions is like tracing red in calligraphy, adopting a certain pattern to form the correct dynamic stereotype. When every move, circumflex and frustration have been explained clearly, you can proceed to the next step of practice.

  As the name suggests, the eight-pole small frame is the content of the eight-pole mid-range frame. It is still necessary to practice one by one, practice the fist frame accurately, and at the same time work hard. Just like the regular script exercises in calligraphy, one stroke is drawn with a frame structure, and there must be no ambiguity. If the regular script is not good enough, it is impossible to practice good running and cursive script. If you insist on practicing cursive script, then in the eyes of experts, there are flesh and no bones.

  The practice of Bajiquan should be coherent, but every move should be explained clearly and the details should be practiced. It's like practicing running script, although the strokes are smooth, but the ups and downs are all well-organized, to achieve a vigorous and powerful effect, you can't pass by and swallow dates.

  When it comes to Yingshouquan, one exercise should be done quickly and consistently, in one go, and freely, like the waves of the Yellow River, surging, and majestic, but every movement meets the essential requirements of Bajiquan. Just like the cursive script in calligraphy, it is varied and vigorous. Although it may seem random but has a structure, the strokes are all based on the basic brushwork, reflecting the unique charm of Chinese culture.

## Biomechanics

Each boxing type of Chinese traditional martial arts has its own unique technical system, thus forming obvious differences in style characteristics between each boxing type. Among them, the technique of exerting force is an extremely important factor in the formation of a boxing type. This kind of foundation. It is undoubtedly that the blind person touches the elephant if he does not understand the strength of boxing. In view of this, this lecture intends to analyze the strength technique of Bajiquan from the perspective of exerting strength.

　　1. The principle of Bajiquan's strength technique

　　The power of the Bajiquan is characterized by "strength and violent, crashing assault" and "moving like a bow stretched out like thunder", which distinguishes it from other types of boxing. Its strength methods mainly include cross strength, sinking strength, twisting strength, etc., but the various strengths are not isolated, but are closely connected and compatible with each other as a whole.

　　1. The process of Bajiquan's powerful technique

　　Boxing proverb goes: "It moves like a bow stretched, and it blows like thunder." This is a vivid description of the process of Bajiquan's strength. "Moving like a bow stretched" is the process of accumulating strength, which means that the body is filled with strength like a drawn bow, and then the strength accumulated in the whole body is transferred to the limbs and released. In fact, the phrase "body is like a bow and fist like an arrow" is the same to describe the process of accumulating energy in Bajiquan.

"Fa Ruo Exploding Thunder" describes the characteristics of the moment when the Baji fist exerts its strength. It contains two meanings. One is that the force must be sudden and violent, making people caught off guard, and it must have a destructive aura; the other is that the force must be radiated in all directions with the human body as the center, and there must be a strong presence in any direction. Like a bomb exploding in the air.

　　Although the force of Bajiquan is fierce and violent, it pays attention to the "strength to the hair" in practice and application, that is, the "inch Jin" and "explosive force" commonly used in martial arts practice, but what Bajiquan produces is the supervision The power of penetration is not the power of jittering. The whole process of Bajiquan's force development can be divided into the pre-action movement process (the preparation process for force exertion) and force exertion process. The movement process of force exertion action should be relaxed, and it must meet the requirements of being loose, unrelenting, fast and not stiff. In order to quickly complete the action process under the premise of saving energy and straightening out the tendons, when the action runs to the designated position, suddenly exert force. Therefore, the essentials of Bajiquan's force exertion process are summarized as follows: the process before exerting force should be relaxed, fast, and sudden and violent when exerting force, that is: fast in place and exert force in place. This is not only a requirement for practice, but also a key to application.

　　2. The scientific principle of Bajiquan's power-generating technique

　　Bajiquan follows the principle of "Sport Biomechanics" when exerting force, and conforms to the law of conservation of momentum, that is, ∑mv=constant quantity, where m is mass, v is speed, their product mv is momentum, and momentum describes the motion state of an object Physical quantity.

　　Some people say that strength is different from force. This is in terms of mechanics. For those who practice martial arts, the force referred to in general is jin, sometimes called jin, sometimes called force, and sometimes called jin force. From the scientific point of view of mechanics, the difference is the difference between momentum and force. Momentum (the product of the mass and speed of an object) is the physical manifestation of the potential energy inside the human body. Once the human body moves, it will behave. After coming out, we can still observe its existence even without hitting the object. This is called Jin. And force is the effect of an object on an object, and there is no effect of an object on an object, that is to say, when we do not hit any object, "force" does not exist.

　　Then the physical quantity describing the motion state of the object (person) possessed by this object (person) is what we call jin, or jin is a state in which momentum is the main factor; The factor that can only be manifested by the action of human beings is what we call force, which means that force is an effect that is transformed from momentum after hitting an object.

　　The meaning of the law of conservation of momentum in "Sport Biomechanics" is: we can regard "a person" as a system, then when the vector sum of the external forces received by this system is zero or constant, the momentum of the human system itself The sum remains the same (constant). When the momentum of a certain direction changes (increasing or decreasing), the corresponding momentum (in the opposite direction) will also change (increasing or decreasing) to keep the total momentum unchanged.

　　At the moment when Bajiquan exerts force, the forward movement trend or speed of the human body does not have a dominant effect on the force exerted, or even does not work. Its function is to quickly reach the position. When exerting force, this forward trend can only be reduced, not increased, or even minimized (it can be ignored). Therefore, we can say that the power of Bajiquan is not obtained by the overall forward movement, but can only be exploded from the human body.

　　Now, we will use the law of conservation of momentum to study the force-generating technique of Bajiquan. First of all, we can regard the human body as a system composed of countless small particles. Since the particles are very small, the influence of its shape on movement is negligible. In this way, we only need to study the laws of motion of any related two small particles, and then integrate the motion characteristics of the small particles together by the method of integration, and then we can get the characteristics of the overall motion of the human being, and summarize some laws from them to form The scientific theory of Bajiquan's strength is to guide our martial arts practice activities.

Bajiquan is at the moment of exerting force (we have to distinguish the process of forward movement of the human body from the moment of exerting force), because we can regard the total momentum of the human body as a constant (actually a smaller constant) Or zero). So when we exert force, we actually rely on internal force to explode in all directions. At this time, the motion of every two small particles corresponding to each other obeys the law of conservation of momentum, that is, m1v1=m2v2, that is, the momentum of the two small particles is equal. , The direction is opposite, the total momentum is zero. If we increase the momentum m1v1 of one of the small particles, the momentum m2v2 of the other small particle will be increased accordingly (equal in magnitude and opposite in direction), because the sum of momentum will not change (constant or zero). That is, if we want to increase the entire forward momentum ∑m1iv1i, we must increase all the backward momentum ∑m2iv2i.

　　When we hit the opponent's body, this forward momentum (∑m1iv1i) will be transformed into impulse (F·△t), that is, when one object acts on another object, the force (F) is shown. . The impulse in Mechanics represents the change of the momentum of the object, F·△t=mv2-mv1, this is the momentum theorem. From the theorem, we can see that in the case of fixed momentum changes, the shorter the acting time, the greater the force. On the contrary, the longer the acting time, the smaller the force. Therefore, in order to increase the force, we must try to shorten it as much as possible. The action time, in fact, if the action time exceeds two seconds, it is not a beating. Correctly speaking, it should be a push. Therefore, when Bajiquan exerts its strength, it pays attention to the instant burst, which is in line with the momentum theorem.

The sinking strength produced by the Bajiquan exerts a great pressure on the ground. This strong pressure creates a lot of friction between the person and the ground, which makes the foot roots to fight against the opponent. The reaction force can more effectively apply forward momentum to the opponent's body, enhancing the impact effect.

　　From the above qualitative analysis of Bajiquan's force-generating technique using the scientific principles of "Sports Biomechanics", we can draw the following conclusions: First, the strength of Bajiquan erupts from the inside to the outside, which is the energy in the human body. The instant release. The second is that Bajiquan is stable at the moment when the force is exerted, because it does not rely on the energy obtained by the human body moving forward quickly, but on the adjustment of the momentum distribution in the human body system, which maintains the entire system. The stability. The third is that if we want to increase the force of the front hand to strike forward, we must increase the force of the back hand to pull backward at the same time, and the two cannot be biased towards one side. As the old boxer said, "The front hand is very strong, but the back hand is not good for nine minutes and nine points. It must also be ten." Fourth, the strength of the Bajiquan is radiated from the human body to the outside, and there is strength in any direction. Existence, and there is a force of equal magnitude and opposite direction corresponding to it, which is what people call the six-sided integral force.

　　2. The characteristics and functions of Bajiquan's power-generating technique

　　Through the analysis of Bajiquan's strength, we can conclude that the characteristics and functions of Bajiquan's strength are mainly in the following aspects.

　　One is the vigorous, violent and sudden force. Since the force of Bajiquan is the overall force, the force is emitted from the human body, and the various parts are highly coordinated. When launched at the same time, it fully stimulates the potential of the human body and makes it burst out in an instant, forming a Bajiquan. Jiquan strength is violent and violent. In practical use, it is extremely powerful and extremely lethal, and even the simplest and most basic moves are extremely effective.

　　The second is full strength, offensive and defensive. As we have mentioned before, the strength of Bajiquan is radiated from the human body to all places. There are both visible and hidden strength. It can be said that the whole body hides strength everywhere. Some areas seem weak, but they are powerful when touched, and they are powerful in all directions. Whether the opponent performs cracking or sneak attacks in any direction, or attacks from several different directions at the same time, they will encounter a powerful rebound, thus playing the role of protecting themselves and hurting the opponent.

　　The third is the succession of rigidity and softness, and the coexistence of virtuality and reality. The strength of Bajiquan seems to be fierce, but in the process of accumulating strength and strength, it must be soft and natural, fast but not stiff, soft and unremitting, and suddenly exert strength when it is quickly in place. The softness of the process and the rigidity of the force fully embodies the characteristics of the strength of the Bajiquan. The flexible process creates good conditions for the rigidity of the force and provides a sufficient guarantee. This combination of strength and softness makes Bajiquan's moves can be combined with reality when applied. Each move and each style can be real or virtual. If you don't use force, you will be virtual. If you use force, you will be virtual. It is true, so it can make it difficult to distinguish between false and true.

　　The fourth is to be breathless, simple and practical. Bajiquan is accompanied by blows when exerting strength, so that the strength is united and the inside and outside are united. Even the simplest moves contain extremely ingenious strength, and can directly use the internal energy in actual combat, thus giving out the strength of supervision. This force is very strong, just like the waves of the sea, continuous waves, one wave after another, through the body, injuring the internal organs, making people unable to resist. After being hit, people don't feel much outside, but the internal organs are as unbearable as being overwhelmed. This is what boxers call "internal injuries." (To be continued)

## Lineage

### Bajiquan

Wu Zhong > Wu Ying > Zhang KeMing > Huang SiHai > Li ShuWen > Huo Dian Ge > Huo QingShan > **Li ShuDong**

## References

1. ↑ 八极拳教程：霍氏八极拳传统训练方法揭秘 by 李树栋 (ISBN:978-7-5009-3526-1), 作业简介
http://www.taiji.wang/wap/news/20180217/16860.html

https://ppfocus.com/0/spb2c5275.html

http://www.taiji.wang/wap/news/20160419/16857.html