recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Mars-94

## Mission Patch

***Mars-94*** was a spacecraft designed and built by Roscosmos and completed in 1994 to compete with the NASA-built *Sojourner 1* and the Helios Aerospace-built *Phoenix* in the upcoming Race to Mars.

## History

In 1992, the engines intended for the craft were unlikely to be completed due to the timeline shift from the original launchdate, but the Soviet Union blackmailed Margo Madison for the *Sojourner 1* fission engine design. The craft itself is a single-stage-to-orbit rocket launched from the BaikonurW cosmodrome on Earth, unlike the *Phoenix* which was built in Earth's orbit, and the *Sojourner* which was built at Jamestown on the Moon.

After the deployment of a solar sail on NASA's *Sojourner*, *Mars-94* was set to reach Mars last. As such, they pushed their engines to dangerous extremes with the goal of overtaking their competitors. As a result of this, the engines failed, causing the reactor to go into meltdown. As a result of this malfunction, the Americans were forced to detour in order to rescue the cosmonauts, in spite of this preventing them from reaching Mars, after *Phoenix* was unable to light its engines to perform the rescue themselves. *Sojourner* approached to the Soviet ship and connected via a tether, which the cosmonauts would cross by hand. However, *Mars-94* malfunctioned once again, causing the ship to strike the *Sojourner*, damaging both ships and causing three casualties. Soviet cosmonaut Oleg Sidorov was killed by the tether they were crossing snapping, sending him crashing into the upper hull of the craft, British astronaut Clarke Halladay was killed by the other end of the tether snapping back, shattering his visor and exposing him to the vacuum of space, and American astronaut Sylvie Kaplan was killed by the *Mars-94* spacecraft rolling onto and crushing her.

## Crew

* Grigory Kuznetsov (Mission commander)
* Dr. Dimitri Mayakovsky
* Isabel Castillo †
* Alexei Poletov †
* Oleg Sidorov †

## Gallery

*Mars-94* on its launch standThe *Mars-94* spacecraft at launch*Mars-94* post-launch*Mars-94* on its way to Mars*Mars-94* activates its nuclear engines again*Mars-94* and *Sojourner* connectedCosmonauts transferring from *Mars-94* to *Sojourner* via tetherCosmonauts transferring to *Sojourner* via tetherThe front of *Mars-94**Mars-94* collides with *Sojourner*Side profile of *Mars-94*
(concept art)
## See also

* Rescue of Mars-94
* *Phoenix*
* *Sojourner 1*
* Race to Mars

## References

1. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 3, Episode 3: "All In"
2. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 3, Episode 4: "Happy Valley"
Launch vehicle

A **launch vehicle** is a vehicle to carry a spacecraft or other payload like satellites from Earth to outer spaceW. This is often a carrier rocket but also includes vehicles like the Space Shuttles.

## General information

To carry a payload to orbit, a launch vehicle typically has to lift it to a parking orbit at around 150 - 200 km above ground, and must accelerate it to a horizontal velocity of at least 7,814 m/s (28,130 km/h or 17,480 mi/h). From this temporary parking orbit, after coasting for a while, either the spacecraft itself, or the last stage of the launch vehicle fires again to enter the final trajectory. The alternative to a parking orbit is direct injection, where the rocket fires continuously until its fuel is exhausted, ending with the payload on the final trajectory.

To get the necessary delta-v, orbital launch vehicles are multi-staged rockets. They use different kinds of chemical rocket fuels, such as liquid hydrogen (LH2), liquid oxygen (LOX), or kerosene. Some launch vehicles also use solid rocket boosters (SRB). Launch vehicles are classified by their orbital payload capacity, ranging from small-, medium-, heavy- to super heavy-lift vehicles.

Launch vehicles are usually launched from a so called launchpad or launch platform. These can be on land (spaceport), on a fixed or a mobile ocean platform, or on a submarine. Launch vehicles can also be launched from a carrier aircraft, called air-launch-to-orbitW (ALTO).

An alternative to multi-stage launch vehicles are single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicles.

## Behind the scenes

### Comparison of launch vehicles

Comparison of historical, current, planned, and proposed launch vehicles:

### Notes

* The North Korean rocket and the launch site (seen in the episodes 3x01, 3x04 and in the Apple TV+ bonus video) is the North Korean Unha-3 carrier rocketW at its launch pad at the Sohae Satellite Launching StationW in Tongch'ang-ri in 2012.
* The Chinese rocket (seen in the press review opening in episode 3x01) was a Long March 2FW on its way to the launch pad at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch CenterW in Inner Mongolia on October 31, 2011, for its first docking test mission with the Chinese space station *Tiangong 1W*.
* The images of the N1 and the Energia vehicles are not taken from the show, as these vehicles are only mentioned but never shown on screen. The N3 is a fictional vehicle and didn't exist in reality.
* Most technical data for all shown vehicles is taken from their real life variants, as they are not mentioned in the show. In the show's timeline, they could possibly be different.
* There is an inconsistency with Sea Dragon about what is said and what is shown in the AppleTV+ Bonus video. The news anchor says that the height is 490 ft (150 m) while at the same time a graphic shown reads that it's 545 ft (166 m). Since 150 m matches with the real-life concept of the rocket, it is assumed here that this is the correct size.

## See also

* Spacecraft
* Spaceplane
Jeanette Masters

Bill Strausser[src]

## Professional Information

### Affiliations

United States
US Air Force
NASA

## Series Information

### Episodes

3x01, 3x03

**General Jeanette Masters** is an Air Force General. She is the military liaison to NASA in the 90s and commands military operations at NASA.

## Gallery

General Masters & Administrator Truly watch Soviet Mars announcementGeneral Masters at Mars 94 mission meeting

## See also

* General Nelson Bradford
* General Arthur Weber
* Administrator Richard Truly
LK (spacecraft)

LK
--

LK lander as seen on TV

Lunnyi Vzletnyi Apparat
(Lunar ascent vehicle)

The **LK** (from Lunniy korabyl, engl. lunar craft), was a Soviet single pilot lunar landing craft to be launched to the Moon on the N1 rocket.

## History

The LK was developed in the 1960s under the lead of Sergei Korolev as a part of several Soviet crewed lunar programs.

It was first piloted to the lunar surface by cosmonaut Alexei Leonov on 26 June 1969.

## Functionality

The way the LK works is in some degree similar to the way the american lunar module used in the Apollo missions works. One of the cosmonauts performs a space walk from the LOK to the LK, which is piloted by the cosmonaut to the Moon's surface to perform a landing. After the EVA is completed, the LK leaves its landing legs behind and clims into a stable orbit around the Moon, from where it rendezvous with the LOK and docks to it. The cosmonaut then performes another space walk from the LK to the LOK and abandons it in lunar orbit, while the LOK returns to Earth with both of the cosmonauts on board.

## Gallery

The lander in the newspapersImage of the real life LK-3The LK compared to the American lunar module
## See also

* Lunar Excursion Module (LEM)
* Lunar Surface Access Module (LSAM)
* N1 (launch vehicle)
M16

The **M16** is an assault rifle used by the Moon Marines.

## History

Moon Marines were issued modified M16s when they were deployed to the Moon in 1983 after Soviet cosmonauts seized the mining site 357 Bravo. Modifications included painting the entire weapon white to reflect heat and the addition of a scope mounted on the carry handle. At least one M16 was fitted with a M203 grenade launcherW.

The Marines later used the M16s in the defense of Jamestown against Soviet cosmonauts.

## Gallery

The Marines prepare their new riflesPractising on the Moon
## Behind the scenes

* The M16s used in *For All Mankind* are hybrid weapons, mating the upper receiver of the M16A1 and the lower receiver, barrel, flash hider, and handguard of the M16A2.
* During most scenes, the Moon Marines are seen carrying their M16s with the dust cover open. This would not be advisable on the Moon as moon dust could easily enter through the ejection port and jam the weapon.

## See also

* M1911
* Moon Marines
* Attack on Jamestown
* Jamestown crisis

## References

1. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 2, Episode 4: "Pathfinder"
2. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 2, Episode 9: "Triage"
Janice

*This article is about the astronaut candidate from season 1. For the news reporter from season 3, see Janice Haan.*

## Series Information

### Episode

1x03

**Janice**, full name unknown, was a female astronaut candidate for NASA and one of the initially 20 ASCANs in the program to recruit woman astronauts. Janice failed early in the program in flight training. Not being able to land her jet properly and having to perform a touch-and-go, she was one of the first of the group to drop out of the program.

## Gallery

Janice checking the performance listThe initial woman ASCAN class

## See also

* Patty Doyle
* Megan Shearin
* Barbara Taylor
* Women Astronauts Program

## References

1. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 1, Episode 3: "Nixon's Women"
Lynn Hegarty

**Lynn Hegarty** was the leader of a security detail on Happy Valley during the asteroid theft in fall 2003.

## History

*This section is currently incomplete. You can help by expanding it! Click here to add more.*
Lynn reported to base commander Danielle Poole, together with CIA agent Mike Bishop.

She later lead the security detail to find Ghost Ops.

## Gallery

Hegarty reporting to PooleSearching sublevel 4Security detail enters sublevel 4Hegarty & Andy Whistler approach the North Korean module
## See also

* Mike Bishop
* Nate Lowry
* Andy Whistler

## References

1. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 4, Episode 10: "Perestroika"
M-7 summit 2003

+ Roscosmos:   Irina Morozova
	+ NASA:   Eli Hobson
	+ ESA:   unknown delegate
	+ JAXA:   Kenji Okumura
	+ ISRO:   Kapalna Naran
	+ CCCS:   unknown delegate
	+ NKSP:   unknown delegate

* Helios Aerospace:
	+ Aleida Rosales

## Map

###

* Leningrad on world map

The **Mars-7 Alliance summit 2003** was a conference of the Mars-7 nations held in July 2003 in LeningradW, USSR, with the purpose of discussing and planning the upcoming capture mission of the asteroid 2003LC, also called "Goldilocks".

## History

*This section is currently incomplete. You can help by expanding it! Click here to add more.*
## Participants

	+ Irina Morozova (Roscosmos)
	+ Eli Hobson (NASA)
	+ Kenji Okumura (JAXA)
	+ Kapalna Naran (ISRO)
	+ Unknown delegate (ESA)
	+ Unknown delegate (CCCS)
	+ Unknown delegate (North Korea Space Program)
	+ Aleida Rosales

## Gallery

Conference buildingConference buildingConference roomSummit leader & Roscosmos delegate Irina MorozovaNASA delegate Eli HobsonJAXA delegate Kenji OkumuraISRO delegate Kapalna NaranCCCS delegateHelios delegate Aleida RosalesBuffetEli & Aleida discussing at summitIrina Morozova with Aleida & EliMargo Madison observing from back room
## See also

* Goldilocks capture mission
* Asteroid Capture Program
* International Astronautical Congress
Masha Mashkova

## External Links

**Masha Mashkova** (born Mariya Vladimirovna Mashkova) is a Soviet-born American actress.
She portrays Svetlana Zakharova, a Soviet cosmonaut, in season 4 of the Apple TV+ series *For All Mankind*.

Marinov joining the cast as recurring was announced in October 2022.

## External links

* deadline.com: ‘For All Mankind’: Maria Mashkova & Dimiter Marinov Join Apple Series As Recurring
Mary Meineke

**Mary Meineke** is a receptionist at the Johnson Space Center.

## History

The day Ellen Wilson is visiting the space center in fall 1994, Mary is sitting behind her desk at the entrance.

When Jimmy Stevens visits JSC together with Sunny Hall to try to steal an astronaut badge on March 27, 1995, Mary is very pleased to see him and is coming from behind her desk to greet him hearty. She tells him that he looks just like his father Gordo, and that he should greet his brother Danny when he talks to him next time and tell him that she is very proud of him. She asks him, who the young lady is, and Sunny replies that she is Jimmy's girlfriend and that he wants to show her the space center.

## Gallery

Mary Meineke at her desk at JSCGreeting Jimmy Stevens

## See also

* Emma Jorgens
* Nuri Prabakar

## References

1. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 3, Episode 4: "Happy Valley"
2. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 3, Episode 7: "Bring It Down"
Nam Moon Yeong

**Nam Moon Yeong** is the wife of North Korean cosmonaut Lee Jung-Gil, the first man on Mars.

## History

### Season 3

During the Race to Mars, North Korea sent a probe to Mars, which was believed to be uncrewed. While Helios Aerospace, NASA, and Roscosmos were racing to be first, the North Koreans quietly reached the red planet first on February 8, 1995, and unbeknownst to the rest of the world, Moon Yeong's husband Lee Jung-Gil was the first human to step foot on Mars.

Upon landing, Lee survived but his comrade, Park Chol, was killed upon impact. After burying him, Lee made many attempts to fix his communications. After several months of living off rations and failure to make contact back home, Lee contemplated on taking his own life. One of the things that kept him alive for so long was the photo of Moon and Lee together that he looked to for strength. Although he would eventually decide to end his life, overlooking Mars with the picture beside him, only to be saved by the arrival of Danielle Poole and Grigory Kuznetsov who were not aware of his existence.

Due to the seven months between landing and his rescue, Moon believed that her husband had died. She was overwhelmed to discover his survival, recording a video message for him through tears.

### Season 4

It took at least another year for her husband to return to Earth, being welcomed as a national hero. He later returns to Mars in 2003, where he attempts to smuggle her to the base, so they could be together. This leads to him being involved in the theft of Goldilocks. After the theft is successful, she is able to travel to Happy Valley herself. Her husband meets her at the loading dock and the two break into tears as they embrace in their new home.

## Galleries

### 1995

Moon in tears in her first message to her husband since learning of his survivalLee Jung-Gil watching Moon's video message
### 2003

Lee looking at a photo of Moon and himselfLee showing Ilya the photo of Moon and himselfNam Moon Yeong seeing her husband again on MarsThe couple embrace
## Notes

The actress of the character, Chen Chen Julian , is only credited for 1 episode, 4x10 "Perestroika".

## See also

* Lee Jung-Gil
* North Korean capsule
* North Korea space program
* North Korea

## References

1. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 3, Episode 4: "Happy Valley"
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 3, Episode 10: "Stranger in a Strange Land"
3. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 4, Episode 1: "Glasnost"
4. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 4, Episode 3: "The Bear Hug"
5. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 4, Episode 9: "Brazil"
6. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 4, Episode 10: "Perestroika"
Lunar Surface Access Module

The **Lunar Surface Access Module (LSAM)** is a reusable crewed lunar lander which is the successor of the original Lunar Excursion Module (LEM) of the Apollo program. It is capable of long stays on the lunar surface, enabling the permanent occupancy of the Jamestown base, and can deliver up to 24,000 pounds of cargo (provisions and fuel) to the surface. It is capable of multiple trips from orbit to the surface and back. It is also used for suborbital hops to various surface sites, often for cargo recovery and crew transportation.

LSAMs are fueled by liquid hydrogen and oxygen made from water ice mined from the shadowed areas of Shackleton Crater. They have four main engines that allow for engine-out capability, which is to say, the ability to reach orbit and land with the loss of one engine. There is also a small reserve of hypergolic propellantW, the same as was used on the Apollo LEM.

Much like its predecessor, the Apollo LEM, it is built by the Grumman Aircraft CorporationW. It is believed that the first use of the vehicle was Apollo 18. It is shown being used by Apollo 22 and Apollo 24 and subsequent missions. As of 1983, there are three known LSAMs with only the last two being operational, and the first being used for spare parts.

## Gallery

LSAM & CSM in orbit above the MoonLSAM launching from MoonInside the LSAMLSAM on the lunar surface.LSAM transporting Moon MarinesLSAM over the mining siteLunar Surface Access Module composition
## Behind the scenes

In OTL, the LSAM was only planned but never constructed. It was cancelled together with the Constellation program.

## See also

* Lunar Excursion Module (LEM)
* Command and Service Module (CSM)
* Mars Surface Access Module (MSAM)
* Apollo program

## External links

  Altair on Wikipedia (today's designation of the LSAM)
Michael Collins

**Michael Collins** was an astronaut for NASA and part of Apollo 11, the first American manned Moon landing in 1969.

## History

### 1969

In July 1969, about 3 weeks after the Soviets successfully landed the first man on the Moon, Apollo 11 was on its mission to do the same. Michael Collins was part of the NASA crew, together with Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin. He piloted the CSM *Columbia* around the Moon while Neil and Buzz descended to its surface. Altough, while trying to land the LEM *Eagle*, they couldn't find a smooth surface and landed roughly. They lost transmission with Houston for over 4 hours, during which Michael refused to leave without his teammates and fly back to Earth alone when Mission Control commanded him to do so. Fortunately, Armstong and Aldrin were able to make contact once again shortly after.

Gene Kranz did not feel confident about Neil turning *Eagle* to a vertical position as it would cost them a lot of fuel. He told this to Wernher von Braun, but the latter was confident. Neil and Buzz were authorized to turn the LEM over, which they did by detaching the top part. They managed to fly again and reached Michael, who was still waiting for them in orbit.

### 1974

*See also: Apollo 23*
In August 1974, Michael was commander of Apollo 23. He and 2 other astronauts were sitting in the Command Module where Gene Kranz arrived to say a final word to the crew, with Michael saying he would do a better landing than Neil and Buzz, while Gene replied everyone had done a better landing than Neil and Buzz.

Due to improper manufacturing, Apollo 23 exploded, killing Gene and 11 other workers on the tower. Michael and the other 2 astronauts escaped in the command module using the Launch Escape SystemW, however, they had to be sent to the hospital due to injuries sustained from the hard landing on the beach.

## See also

* Neil Armstrong
* Buzz Aldrin
* Apollo 11

## References

1. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 1, Episode 1: "Red Moon"
2. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 1, Episode 2: "He Built the Saturn V"
3. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 1, Episode 6: "Home Again"
Minor characters (Season 4)

List of **minor characters** of season 4 of the Apple TV+ series *For All Mankind*.

This page lists characters appearing in season 4 whose roles were too small for an own article. Characters in this list appeared in 1 or 2 (exceptionally 3) episodes only. They are listed alphabetically by their names, if known, or otherwise by how they were credited.

This list currently contains 78 characters.

## See also

* Minor character article for season   S1   /   S2   /   S3

### Other character categories

* All characters in *For All Mankind*
* Male characters in *For All Mankind*
* Female characters in *For All Mankind*
* Characters in season   S1   /   S2   /   S3   /   S4
Muriel Bezukhov

**Muriel Bezukhov** is the widow of Sergei Nikulov, who was living in the United States under the alias Sergei Bezukhov, until his apparent suicide in 2003.

## History

In 2003, Muriel is living in Iowa with Sergei Buzukhov, a physics teacher at 'Spiro T. Agnew High School'. She has hip problems, although is happy in her life. While watching TV she sees that Margo Madison, who has believed killed during the Johnson Space Center bombing in 1995, is actually alive and well, having defected to the Soviet Union. She remarks to her husband about the matter.

She is unaware that her husband is actually Sergei Nikulov, the former director of Roscosmos who had defected to the United States in 1995. Sergei had helped the Soviet Union steal information with the help of Madison, the former director of Johnson Space Center.

Her husband later travels to Houston after Madison is announced as visiting to help with the Goldilocks capturing mission. He would die in an apparent suicide a month after recommencing contact with Madison, although in reality he was assassinated by an unknown person.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 4, Episode 8: "Legacy"
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 4, Episode 9: "Brazil"
Mars Surface Access Module

The **Mars Surface Access Module** (MSAM) is a crewed Mars landing vehicle designed and built by Helios Aerospace for their 1994 Mars mission. It is used to transfer crew and cargo between the mother ship *Phoenix* in orbit and the base station on the planet's surface.

## History

### First landing attempt

Helios' spacecraft *Phoenix* carried an MSAM named *Popeye*.  In February 1995, Helios' Mars mission commander, Ed Baldwin, wanted to be the first human to land on Mars using *Popeye*. However, he decided to abort the landing attempt due to a dangerous dust storm that impaired navigation, leaving NASA's *Sojourner 1* the seemingly first crewed spacecraft to reach the surface of the planet. *Popeye* with Ed and Danny Stevens aboard returned to its mother ship in orbit and landed at a later date.

As *Sojourner* got damaged during landing and was not able to lift off from the Martian surface again, making *Phoenix* the only remaining functioning spacecraft to bring everybody back to Earth, *Popeye* remained the only possibility for all astronauts and cosmonauts to ever leave the planet's surface again.

### Damage after landslide

During a disastrous landslide, the MSAM was buried and heavily damaged. The front right window was cracked open and the solar pannels on either side of the craft were destroyed. Although there was no structural damage, the craft's docking system was destroyed. With the spare part being aboard Pheonix, docking back with the mothership became impossible.

After replacing the damaged docking system with the one from the North Korean capsule, Ed Baldwin was able to return his daugter Kelly to Phoenix, bearly suviving a ballistic reentry.

## Gallery

MSAM *Popeye* docked to the Phoenix spacecraft*Popeye* descending to Mars surface*Popeye* making a suborbital flight to Happy Valley base*Popeye's* initial landingHelios landing site with the MSAM in the background and Edward Baldwin and Danny Stevens in the foreground*Popeye* landing beside NASA's Happy Valley baseMSAM heavily damaged after landslide
Excavation after landslide
1/12

## Notes

1. ↑ The name of the MSAM, *Popeye*, may have been chosen by Ed and/or Karen Baldwin in memory of their deceased son Shane. Popeye was his favorite toy figure.

## See also

* Lunar Surface Access Module (LSAM)
* Lunar Excursion Module (LEM)
* Helios Mars mission

## References

1. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 3, Episode 4: "Happy Valley"
2. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 3, Episode 5: "Seven Minutes of Terror"
3. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 3, Episode 6: "New Eden"
NERVA

NERVA at the lunar test facility 1992

The **Nuclear Engine for Rocket Vehicle Applications**, short **NERVA**, is a nuclear-thermal propulsion system for spacecraft developed by NASA.

## History

NERVA was first tested 1983 with the space shuttle *Pathfinder*.

### K-32

The K-32 is a model of NERVA first seen in 1992. To test that engine, NASA installed a rocket test site on the Moon near Jamestown. In fall 1994, NASA's Mars spacecraft *Sojourner 1* started its journey to the red planet with the latest K-32 NERVA version as its main engine.

## Gallery

K-32 NERVA at Jamestown Rocket Testing SiteReady for a K-32 NERVA testK-32 NERVA test seen from Mission ControlK-32 NERVA test closer lookEd teaching about the NERVAClose-up view of the whiteboard
## Behind the scenes

The *Nuclear Engine for Rocket Vehicle Applications* (NERVAW) was a real engine development program that run for about 2 decades. It was a joint project of of the US Atomic Energy CommissionW (AEC) and NASA. At the end of 1968 it was deemed that the latest NERVA model would meet the requirements for a human mission to Mars. However, the project was cancelled in 1973 by President Richard Nixon.

## References

1. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 2, Episode 9: "Triage"
2. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 3, Episode 1: "Polaris"
3. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 3, Episode 3: "All In"
4. ↑   NERVA on Wikipedia
Lunar Peace Agreement

The **Lunar Peace Agreement**, also known as the **Lunar Peace Treaty** or **Moon Treaty**, is a bilateral treatyW that split up the Moon and its resources into Soviet and American zones. It was signed by US President Ronald Reagan and the leader of the Soviet Union, Yuri Andropov, in 1984.

## Background

Before the treaty was signed, tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States were at an all time high, due to the Outer Space TreatyW being dissolved by both sides, and the Berlin crisis.

Tensions reached their climax in 1983, when the Soviets took over a mining site claimed by the US, which lead to the Jamestown crisis where both superpowers sent armed forces to the Moon. This lead to a nuclear standoff on Earth, where the Soviet Northern FleetW targeted cities in the southeast of the United States. The tensions were defused after the actions of Danielle Poole and Stepan Alexseev of Apollo-Soyuz with their famous handshake in space. After seeing the handshake on television, Reagan rerouted Air Force OneW to Moscow to meet with Soviet Premier Yuri Andropov.

The treaty was singed in 1984 in MaltaW, after the Rogers Commission Report was finalized. However, the report covered up the fact that a secret secondary rector was the cause of the near nuclear meltdown during the Soviet attack on Jamestown]].

## See also

* Cold War
* Jamestown crisis

## References

1. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 3, Episode 1: "Polaris" (press review)
2. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 2, Episode 1: "Every Little Thing" (01:00)
3. ↑ Bonus Video: One Giant Leap: 1975-1982 - Berlin crisis (1982)
4. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 2
Kohli Calhoun

**Kohli Calhoun** is the dialect coach for Jodi Balfour on *For All Mankind*.

## Other work

* *A Walk Among the Tombstones*
* *Hand of God*
* *The Knick*
* *Creed*
* *Jessica Jones*
* *Fifty Shades Darker*
* *The Originals*
* *Papillon*
* *Professor Marston and the Wonder Women*
* *Marshall*
* *Robin Hood*
* *The Loudest Voice*
* *The Morning Show*
* *Titans*
Kirkland Aerospace

**Kirkland Aerospace** is an American aeronautics company based in Rockford, Illinois.

## History

In early 1973, Kirkland received a big NASA contract for their Apollo program, manufactering parts for the program's launch vehicle, the Saturn V.

On August 24, 1974, the Saturn V of Apollo 23 exploded on its launch pad at Cape Kennedy, killing 12 NASA ground crew, including Gene Kranz, former flight director and new director of the Johnson Space Center. First investigations indicated, that the explosion was caused by a LH2 fill-drain valve of the rocket's second stage, which was leaking due to metal fatique. A second and more thorough analysis of the entire Saturn program, ordered by the board of inquiry and issued by former NASA director and Saturn rocket chief designer Wernher von Braun then further revealed, that a change in the supply chain of NASA's contractors and subcontractors had happened at the beginning of 1973, right after the new administration of Ted Kennedy had taken over. Von Braun found out, that the malfunctioning valve was manufactured by Kirkland Aerospace, while he had given that contract to a company in Colorado Springs in the mid 60s. He concluded, that the reason to change the contractor and give the huge and lucrative order to a Illinois company was that the new US administration needed the support of that state's governor, Richard OgilvieW, for passing their Equal Rights Amendment. Kirkland is based in a key district that governor needed for his re-election.

After the explosion of Apollo 23, production of Saturn V was halted, including all its suppliers. At Kirkland, the whole Saturn V team was replaced. One of the engineers working at the project at that time was Dev Ayesa's father. When his team was replaced after the incident, he lost his job at Kirkland, something he never recovered from.

## See also

* Helios Aerospace
* Saturn V
* Apollo 23

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 1, Episode 6: "Home Again"
2. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 3, Episode 8: "The Sands of Ares"
Moon Marines

## Patch

**Moon Marines** are military personnel used by the United States to protect Jamestown and its mining sites on the Moon.

## History

*This section is currently incomplete. You can help by expanding it! Click here to add more.*
Moon Marines were first sent to the Moon in August 1983. In September, they were used to take back and hold mining site 357/Bravo, which was taken by the Soviets some month before. They were controversially issued M16 rifles as part of their standard equipment.

Later, they shot two cosmonauts they discovered while patrolling near the mining site, killing one and seriously injuring the other. The incident caused tension between the US and the Soviet Union to reach a new all-time high. The Marines were later involved when Jamestown was attacked by Soviet cosmonauts in a reaction to the shooting.

*See also: Attack on Jamestown*
In 1989, five Moon Marines, including highly decorated Jamestown attack veteran Steven Lopez, were killed when their Pathfinder shuttle unexpectedly depressurized during a training operation.

## Known personnel

* Colonel Vance Paulson † - Head of first operational Moon Marine detachment
* Major Helena Webster
* Charles Bernitz † (former)
* Jason Wilhelm
* Lieutenant Colonel Steven Lopez †

## Gallery

Moon marines preparing for JamestownFirst 5 Moon Marines arrive at JamestownPracticing in lunar environmentMoon Marines transported by LSAMFlying into mining site 357/BravoTaking back mining site 357/BravoSecuring the siteChristine Francis announcing the death of the Moon marines Lopez.
## See also

* Attack on Jamestown
* Cold War

## References

1. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 2, Episode 5: "The Weight"
2. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 2, Episode 7: "Don't Be Cruel"
3. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 2, Episode 8: "And Here's to You"
4. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 2 (Episodes 9+10)
5. ↑ Bonus Video: Another Giant Leap: 1984-1992 - Pathfinder Tragedy (1989)
Nathan Morrison

**Nathan Morrison** was an astronaut with NASA. He was part of the Apollo-Soyuz mission with mission commander Danielle Poole on Apollo 75 in 1983.

## History

*This section is currently incomplete. You can help by expanding it! Click here to add more.*
## Gallery

Danielle & Nate welcome the Soviet cosmonautsDanielle & Nate arrive in Star CityNate getting prepared for Apollo 75
## See also

* Danielle Poole
* Stepan Petrovich Alexseev
* Radislav Semenovich Orlov
* Apollo-Soyuz

## References

1. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 2
Mikhail Vasiliev

**Mikhail Mikhailovich Vasiliev** is a Soviet cosmonaut who was a crew member of the Soviet Moon base Zvezda.

## History

Mikhail was caught by Ed Baldwin returning from NASA's ice-drilling station inside the Shackleton Crater. Mikhail confronted Ed holding a hammer in his gloved hand, so Ed backed off. However, Ed had sabotaged Mikhail's rover before, resulting in Mikhail running low on oxygen and banging on the door of the Jamestown base in need of assistance soon after. After Ed let him in, he ambushed Mikhail in the airlock. The moment Vasiliev took off his spacesuit, Baldwin decompressed the airlock, incapacitating the cosmonaut long enough for him to be restrained without resistance.

When Mikhail woke up, he was interrogated by Baldwin, who was constantly calling him "Ivan", though Mikhail tried to make conversation. At one point, Ed lost his temper and hit him several times across the face. Mikhail pointed out that Ed did not have a plan for where this situation was going, with Mikhail held captive in the Jamestown facility and no clear outcome in mind. He told him, that his comrades would think he's dead by now, and that his wife and daughter back home would be mourning his dead.

While restrained, Mikhail noticed a pattern in the flickering lights and pointed out that this was a SOS signal. It was indeed the way Houston urgently tried to contact Ed, who had been ignoring all types of communication for a while because he was grieving the death of his son Shane. Mikhail heard Ed's conversation with Mission Control, saying that the Apollo 24 crew aboard the CSM *Osprey* was in danger. *Osprey* had no fuel anymore and could not enter into a lunar orbit, so Ed was supposed to rendezvous with them with the LSAM and bring them fuel to make the needed breaking burn. However, to do so he needed to get the fuel left from the abandoned Apollo 15 LEM first. Mikhail told Ed that he needed his help getting that fuel in time, and that in times of distress, international law mandated that they assist one another. The two worked together to recover the fuel, and before Ed left, he returned the mechanical part he previously sabotaged from Mikhail's rover. After Ed left to orbit to save Deke Slayton and Ellen Wilson, Mikhail turned himself towards the Jamestown base.

9 years later, a listening device was discovered in the Jamestown base, which supposedly was installed by Mikhail while Ed was away from the base to rendezvous with *Osprey*.

## Gallery

Ed finds out a cosmonaut is using their ropewayEd & Mikhail Vasiliev confronting each otherMikhail Vasiliev knocking on Jamestown's doorMikhail is trapped in the airlockMikhail inside JamestownMikhail inside JamestownEd & Mikhail finally work togetherArriving at the LSAMUnloading the fuel tanksMikhail wishes Ed good luckMikhail looks back towards Jamestown

## References

1. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 1, Episode 9: "Bent Bird"
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 1, Episode 10: "A City Upon a Hill"
3. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 2, Episode 3: "Rules of Engagement"
Jenna Leigh

*This article is about the news anchor. For the woman Danny Stevens met in the Outpost, see Jenna.*

## Series Information

### Season

Three

**Jenna Leigh** is an American journalist and news anchor in the 90s. Together with Ryan Bauer, she hosts the morning newscast *Morning USA*.

## See also

* Morning USA
* Ryan Bauer
* Christine Francis
* Edward Kline
* Bill McGann
Lars Hagstrom

**Lars Hagstrom** is a South African astronaut on the spacecraft *Phoenix* of private competitor Helios Aerospace and their mission to Mars.

## History

*This section is currently incomplete. You can help by expanding it! Click here to add more.*
## Gallery

Lars aboard PhoenixLars aboard PhoenixThe Phoenix crew
## See also

* Edward Baldwin
* Danny Stevens
* Nick Corrado
* Louisa Mueller
* Adarsh Sethi
* Zizzo Glover
* Benjamin Harmon
* Sandy Bostik
List of leaders of the Soviet Union

List of all **leaders of the Soviet Union** that served during the timeline of *For All Mankind*.

## Notes

The designation used for the position of the Soviet leader is inconsistent throughout the series. It is often called "Premier", but also "President" several times, and sometimes just "Leader". In the OTL, the post of the Soviet head of state was called "Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet" before being transferred to the new office of "President of the Soviet Union" after 1990 under Gorbachev.
The title of "Premier" (or formally "Chairman of the Council of Ministers") did exist in reality, but it refers to the head of government, not the head of state.

## See also

* List of presidents of the United States
* Soviet Union

## References

1. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 3, Episode 1: "Polaris" (press review)
2. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 4, Episode 3: "The Bear Hug"
Jupiter

## Gas giants of the Solar System

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

**Jupiter** is a gas giant in the Solar System and the fifth planet from the SunW, which it orbits at a distance of about 5.20 astronomical units.

## General Information

Jupiter is the largest in the Solar System. It is a gas giant with a mass more than two and a half times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined, and slightly less than one-thousandth the mass of the Sun. Jupiter is the third brightest natural object in the Earth's night sky after the Moon and Venus, and it has been observed since prehistoric times. It was named after JupiterW, the chief deity of ancient Roman religion.

Jupiter is primarily composed of hydrogen (90% by volume), followed by helium, which makes up a quarter of its mass and a tenth of its volume. Its most striking feature is the Great Red SpotW, a giant storm which has been observed since 1831 and possibly earlier.

### Moons

The planet is surrounded by a faint planetary ring system and has a powerful magnetosphere. Jupiter also forms a system of 95 known moons and probably many more, including the four large moons discovered by Galileo GalileiW in 1610: IoW, EuropaW, GanymedeW, and CallistoW. Ganymede, the largest of the four, is larger than the planet Mercury. Callisto is the second largest, Io and Europa are approximately the size of Earth's Moon.

### Trojans

Within its orbit of the Sun, two large clusters of Trojan asteroidsW orbit at Jupiter's L4 and L5 Lagrange pointsW. These two groups are known as the "Trojans" and the "Greeks".

## History

In 2003, the Thomas Paine Space Telescope picked up images of the Trojan asteroid 2003LC, which was believed to have decayed from a Jovian trojan orbit. The asteroid was redirected to the inner Solar System, coming in on a Mars-crossing orbit, and after an analysis of its moon, it was believed to have an estimate of 70,000 metric tons of IridiumW, valued at $20 trillion. Because of this, 2003LC was named the Goldilocks asteroid.

## See also

* Solar System
* Mercury
* Venus
* Earth   →   Moon
* Mars
* Neptune

## References

1. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 4, Episode 5: "Goldilocks"
Minor characters (Season 1)

List of **minor characters** of season 1 of the Apple TV+ series *For All Mankind*.

This page lists characters appearing in season 1 whose roles were too small for an own article. Characters in this list appeared in 1 or 2 (exceptionally 3) episodes only. They are listed alphabetically by their names, if known, or otherwise by how they were credited.

This list currently contains 45 characters.

## See also

* Minor character article for season   S2   /   S3   /   S4

### Other character categories

* All characters in *For All Mankind*
* Male characters in *For All Mankind*
* Female characters in *For All Mankind*
* Characters in season   S1   /   S2   /   S3   /   S4
Michael Benz

## External Links

**Michael Benz** is a London born actor with British and American citizenship. He portrayed NASA astronaut Gary Piscotty in season 2 of the Apple TV+ series *For All Mankind*.

## Biography

Benz was born in London to American parents and grew up in England. He attended the American School in London and graduated from Georgetown University. Later, he trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London for 3 years.
Neil Armstrong

> Not one of my better landings. But like we used to say in the navy, any landing that you can walk away from is a good one. We had a rough start, but we've decided to pick ourselves up, and get back to work.
>
> Neil Armstrong, in Season 1, Episode 1, "Red Moon"

**Neil Armstrong** is an astronaut for NASA and was the commander of Apollo 11. He was the second man on the Moon, following Alexei Leonov.

## History

While landing *Eagle*, they couldn't find a smooth surface and landed roughly. They lost transmission with Houston for over 4 hours but managed to reconnect and confirm their landing.

Gene Kranz didn't not feel confident about Neil turning the LEM to a vertical position as it would cost them a lot of fuel. He told this to Wernher von Braun, but the latter was confident. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were authorized to turn *Eagle* over, which they did by detaching the top part. They managed to fly again and reach Michael Collins, who was still waiting for them in the Command and Service Module in Moon's orbit.

Later, at a barbecue in Ed Baldwin's house, Ed is called by Neil. Joking, Ed asked if they made him go through customs when he returned from the moon. Ed congratulated him on his landing, and Neil confesses he can not believe he did not abort the landing. Asking why he had gone through with it, Neil talks about the risk taking that is involved in taking calls while flying.

## Gallery

Neil Armstrong & Buzz Aldrin on the MoonNeil ArmstrongMike, Buzz, and Neil celebrating their Moon landing at the BaldwinsNeil Armstrong at Ed'sNeil & Ed talking about the Apollo 11 landing
## See also

* Buzz Aldrin
* Michael Collins
* Apollo 11

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 1, Episode 1: "Red Moon"
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 1, Episode 2: "He Built the Saturn V"
Kirill Semenov

**Kirill Semenov** is an engineer and former team leader for Roscosmos.

## History

On March 17, 2003, after the Kronos disaster, Semenov received Margo Madison when she visited the agency's headquarters to try to get an appointment with director Lenara Catiche to talk about what went wrong. He told her, that Catiche had no time for her right now, and that she should not come in unannounced again.

Months later, Semenov is in charge of the Soviet report about the disaster, that would later be handed to NASA. Semenov, as head of an engineering team that worked on the project, claims that the issue was with the American made thrusters of *Ranger 1*. In reality, the issue was a conversion error made by Semenov's team when designing the anchor points for the asteroid. This error was purposefully left out of the report by Semenov to save face, leading to the new director of Roscosmos, Irina Morozova, to dismiss him after it is revealed by Margo Madison. He is later taken away by the KGB in front of his team.

## Gallery

Kirill Semenov receives MargoSemenov at the Roscosmos meetingSemenov is called out by MorozovaSemenov realizes he's fired
## See also

* Irina Morozova
* Tatyana Volkova

## References

1. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 4, Episode 1: "Glasnost"
2. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 4, Episode 4: "House Divided"
Liquid hydrogen

**Liquid hydrogen (LH2 or LH2)** is the liquid state of the element hydrogen.

Hydrogen (H) is the lightest element and normally exists as a gas of diatomic molecules (H2). To be liquid, H2 must be cooled below 33 K, or to 20.28 K (−252.87 °C) to be fully liquid unter atmosheric pressure.

## Usage

In rocketry applications, LH2 is used as liquid rocket fuel.

## External links

* Liquid hydrogen on Wikipedia
* NASA-Blog: Rocketology - Liquid hydrogen
Julio's Tex-Mex

**Julio's Tex-Mex** is a Tex-Mex restaurant in Houston, Clear Lake. Formerly known as the famous Outpost, it has changed owners, name, theme, and cuisine at some point between 1995 and 2003.

## History

In 2003, Aleida Rosales and Kelly Baldwin met at Julio's for the first time, when both were frustrated after Aleida quit her job at NASA and Kelly was cut from founding for her research project by NASA administrator Eli Hobson. They both got drunk on Tequila, and Kelly woke up with a hangover on Aleida's couch the next day.

## Gallery

Entrance of Julio's Tex-MexTex-Mex themed interiorWaitress at Julio'sKelly at Julio'sAleida & Kelly meet for the first timeAleida & Kelly getting drunk
## Behind the scenes

In reality, the "Outpost Tavern" was closed in 2000, but a "Save the Outpost" campaign was started, raising enough funding to reopen it with a facelift. The bar finally closed the doors for good in 2010.

## References

1. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 4, Episode 2: "Have A Nice Sol"
2. ↑   vinepair.com: How the Outpost Tavern Became NASA’s Unofficial Watering Hole *(Archived 2022-12-25)*
3. ↑   houstonchronicle.com: Patrons of long-closed NASA watering hole Outpost Tavern cling to memories *(Archived 2023-03-26)*
Joanna Chapman

**Joanna Chapman** is a British key department head for ESA at Happy Valley in 2003.

## History

Joanna was at the meeting which Danielle Poole held when she took over command of the base, together with other Mars-7 and Helios department chiefs.

Later, Ed Baldwin used Joanna as babysitter for his grandson Alex, while Kelly was at the Korolev crater for her S.E.E.K.E.R. project. Alex helped Joanna in the hydroponic garden of the base.

## Gallery

Joanna at Danielle's first meetingJoanna watching soccerJoanna in the greenhouseJoanna & Alex
## See also

* Shaun Arlee
* Palmer James

## References

1. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 4, Episode 2: "Have A Nice Sol"
2. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 4, Episode 8: "Legacy"
National News Channel

The **National News Channel** (NNC) is an American television news broadcaster. The channel first appeared in 1980.

## Hosts

* Amy Chang (80s)
* Edward Kline (80s/90s)
* Vera Martil (90s/2000s)

## Gallery

NNC host Amy Chang (80s)NNC host Edward Kline (90s)Edward Kline interviews former NASA AstronautNNC host Vera Martil (90s)NNC host Vera Martil (2000s)A NNC reporter at the Cobb Space Center, 2003
## Brand

In 1999, the network has changed its logo.

## Behind the scenes

NNC appears to be the show's version of real life CNNW.

CNN was founded in 1980, NNC first appeared in *For All Mankind* in 1980 as well. The logo of NNC also clearly resembles CNN.

## See also

* Eagle News
* Morning USA
* News and Media
Jen Hughes

**Jen Hughes** is a NASA flight director, working in Mission Control at the Molly Cobb Space Center in Houston as of 2003.

## History

*This section is currently incomplete. You can help by expanding it! Click here to add more.*

## See also

* Flight director
* Flight controller
* Gene Kranz
* Irene Hendricks
* Margo Madison
* Bill Strausser
* Aleida Rosales

## References

1. ↑ *For All Mankind* TV Series - Season 4, Episode 1: "Glasnost"