Ligne 225 KV - (Bayet-Montluçon)

## Présentation:

La ligne 225 kilovolts reliant Bayet à Montluçon est une ancienne ligne à très haute tension reliant le bassin Montluçonnais au poste de transformation 400 KV de Bayet. Elle est aujourd'hui sectionnée en deux lignes distinctes.

Chargement de la 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class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMontlu\u00e7on\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Montlu\u00e7on\n","link":"","lat":46.32076213926575,"lon":2.604961352571662,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMonlu\u00e7on\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELiaison souterraine\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Monlu\u00e7on\n","link":"","lat":46.32041714738506,"lon":2.6200897285144364,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMontvicq\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPiquage\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Montvicq\n","link":"","lat":46.30602656769802,"lon":2.820543937228668,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMontvicq\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPiquage\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Montvicq\n","link":"","lat":46.30577974570633,"lon":2.8206709603982505,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBayet\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Bayet\n","link":"","lat":46.27299982765401,"lon":3.2915677377692543,"icon":""}]}

 **Vert foncé:** | Ancien tronçon avant création de la liaison souterraine en 2017.

## Historique:

Construite en 1930 et exploitée initialement en 120 KV, c'est une des 1ères lignes à haute capacité érigées en Auvergne.

Elle fut créée par la STEC ( Société de Transport d'Energie du Centre) pour renforcer l'alimentation en énergie du bassin industriel de Montluçon - Commentry, haut lieu de l'industrie lourde en France à l'époque. Elle entraîna la création du poste de Bayet , qui deviendra plus tard un nœud important du réseau d'interconnexion national.

Le 13 Avril 1944, un pylône est détruit par la résistance dans le cadre d'un sabotage.

La ligne passa à 150 KV dès 1932 puis portée à sa tension actuelle de 225 KV en 1955. En 1959, une autre ligne fut construite de Montluçon vers l'ouest pour réaliser une liaison transversale à très haute tension entre les «carrefours électriques» de Bayet et Eguzon .

Au début des années 1980, la ligne est interrompue pour entrer en coupure dans le poste de Montvicq (créé pour renforcer l'alimentation électrique de Commentry).

Son tracé a été légèrement modifié en 1987 pour le franchissement de l'A71 à Montmarault, avec la mise en place de 5 pylônes de type Chat.

## Description du tracé:

* Elle démarre au poste d'interconnexion 400 KV de Bayet, le plus important poste RTE d'Auvergne.
* De Bayet, elle prend une direction légèrement nord-ouest et quasi régulière jusqu'à Montmarault, passant au nord de Fleuriel et Target .
* À Montmarault, elle bifurque plein est juste après le franchissement de l'A71 et du Venant .
* Elle suit cette direction jusqu'au lieu-dit *Les Ferrières*, au Nord-Ouest de Commentry. Le raccordement au poste de Montvicq se trouvant au sud du village.
* Elle bifurque de nouveau vers le nord-ouest au lieu-dit *Les Riaux* puis plein est jusqu'à Montluçon.

## La ligne de nos jours:

En 2014, la ligne a été remise à neuf avec notamment le remplacement de 17 supports par des pylônes type chat, plus résistants en cas de vents violents. À Montluçon, la partie en zone urbaine a été mise en souterrain de la D9144 au poste source en 2017.

## Tronçons récupérés pour la création de nouvelles lignes :

* Ligne 225 KV - (Bayet-Montvicq)

* Ligne 225 KV - (Montvicq-Montluçon)

## Note:

La forme des pylônes est assez atypique. Cette architecture était beaucoup utilisée par la STEC pour ses lignes d'interconnexions, ce qui explique qu'on la retrouve quasi exclusivement en Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. La seule exception connue est la ligne Marmagne-Eguzon, reliquat de l'ancienne artère Chaingy-Eguzon de la TEMAC (Transport de l'Energie du MAssif Central). Il existe toutefois des poteaux en béton du même type dans le département de l'Hérault. Il s'agit des lignes Sommières-Saint-Christol et Lunel-Viel-Saint-Christol.