Ava DuVernay

American film directorTemplate:SHORTDESC:American film director[[Category:**Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Pagetype/config' not found.**s with short description]]

* *13th*
* *A Wrinkle in Time*

**Ava Marie DuVernay** (Template:IPAc-en; born August 24, 1972) is an American filmmaker, director, and film distributor. She won the directing award in the U.S. dramatic competition at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival for her second feature film *Middle of Nowhere*, becoming the first black woman to win the award. For her work on *Selma* (2014), DuVernay became the first black woman to be nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Director, and also the first black female director to have her film nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. In 2017, she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for her film *13th* (2016).

DuVernay's 2018 Disney children's fantasy film *A Wrinkle in Time* made her the first black woman to direct a live-action film earning $100 million at U.S. box office.

The following year, she created, co-wrote, produced and directed the Netflix drama limited series *When They See Us*, based on the 1989 Central Park jogger case, which has earned critical acclaim. The series was nominated for 16 Emmy Awards including the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Limited Series and won the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Limited Series.

## Early life and education

DuVernay was born on August 24, 1972, in Long Beach, California. She was raised by her mother, Darlene (née Sexton), an educator, and her stepfather, Murray Maye. The surname of her biological father, Joseph Marcel DuVernay III, originates with Louisiana Creole ancestry. She grew up in Lynwood, California (near Compton). She has four brothers and sisters.

During her summer vacations, she would travel to the childhood home of her father, which was not far from Selma, Alabama. DuVernay said that these summers influenced the making of *Selma,* as her father had witnessed the 1965 Selma to Montgomery marches.

In 1990, DuVernay graduated from Saint Joseph High School in Lakewood. At the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), she was a double BA major in English literature and African-American studies. Ava is an honorary member of Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority.

## Career

DuVernay's first interest was in journalism, a choice influenced by an internship with CBS News. She was assigned to help cover the O.J. Simpson murder trial. DuVernay became disillusioned with journalism, however, and decided to move into public relations, working as a junior publicist at 20th Century Fox, Savoy Pictures, and a few other PR agencies. She opened her own public relations firm, The DuVernay Agency, also known as DVAPR, in 1999.

Through DVAPR she provided marketing and PR services to the entertainment and lifestyle industry, working on campaigns for movies and television shows, such as *Lumumba*, *Spy Kids*, *Shrek 2*, *The Terminal*, *Collateral*, and *Dreamgirls*.

Other ventures launched by DuVernay include Urban Beauty Collective, a promotional network that began in 2003 and had more than 10,000 African-American beauty salons and barbershops in 16 (20 since 2008) U.S. cities. They were mailed a free monthly *Access Hollywood*-style promotion program called UBC-TV, the African-American blog hub Urban Thought Collective in 2008; Urban Eye, a two-minute long weekday celebrity and entertainment news show distributed to radio stations; and HelloBeautiful, a digital platform for millennial women of color.

### Film

 File:DuVernaySanFranFilmFest.jpg
In 2005, over the Christmas holiday, DuVernay decided to take $6,000 and make her first film, a short called *Saturday Night Life*. Based on her mother's experiences, the 12-minute film was about an uplifting trip by a struggling single mother (Melissa De Sousa) and her three kids to a local Los Angeles discount grocery store. The film toured the festival circuit and was broadcast on February 6, 2007, as part of Showtime's *Black Filmmaker Showcase*.

DuVernay next explored making documentaries, because they can be done on a smaller budget than fiction films, and she could learn the trade while doing so. In 2007, she directed the short *Compton in C Minor,* for which she "challenged herself to capture Compton in only two hours and present whatever she found." The following year, she made her feature directorial debut with the alternative hip hop documentary *This Is the Life,* a history of LA's Good Life Cafe's arts movement, in which she participated as part of the duo Figures of Speech.

In 2011, DuVernay's first narrative feature film, *I Will Follow*, a drama starring Salli Richardson-Whitfield, was released theatrically. DuVernay's aunt Denise Sexton was the inspiration for the film. The film cost DuVernay $50,000 and was made in 14 days. Roger Ebert called it "one of the best films I've seen about coming to terms with the death of a loved one." *I Will Follow* was an official selection of AFI Fest, Pan-African Film Festival, Urbanworld and Chicago International Film Festival.

In the summer of 2011, DuVernay began production on her second narrative feature film, *Middle of Nowhere*, from a script she had written in 2003 but could not get financed then. The film had its world premiere on January 20 at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival, where it played in U.S. dramatic competition. It garnered the U.S. Directing Award: Dramatic for DuVernay. She was the first African-American woman to win the prize. DuVernay also won the 2012 Independent Spirit John Cassavetes Award for her work on the film.

DuVernay was commissioned by the Smithsonian's National Museum of African American History and Culture to create a film about African-American history. Her *August 28: A Day in the Life of a People* explores six significant events that happened on the same date, August 28; it debuted at the museum's opening on September 24, 2016. The 22-minute film stars Lupita Nyong'o, Don Cheadle, Regina King, David Oyelowo, Angela Bassett, Michael Ealy, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, André Holland and Glynn Turman. Events depicted include William IV's royal assent to the UK Slavery Abolition Act in 1833, the 1955 lynching of 14-year-old Emmett Till in Mississippi, the release of Motown's first number-one song, "Please Mr. Postman" by The Marvellettes, Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s 1963 *I Have a Dream* speech, the landfall of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, and the night Senator Barack Obama accepted the Democratic nomination for president at the 2008 Democratic National Convention.

#### *Selma*

*Main article: Selma (film)*
DuVernay directed *Selma*, a $20 million budget dramatic film produced by Plan B Entertainment, about the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., President Lyndon B. Johnson, and the 1965 Selma to Montgomery march for voting rights. The movie was released on December 25, 2014 to critical acclaim.

She made uncredited re-writes of most of the original screenplay by Paul Webb in order to emphasize King and the people of Selma as central figures. In response to criticism by some historians and media sources who accused her of irresponsibly rewriting history to portray her own agenda, DuVernay said that the film is "not a documentary. I'm not a historian. I'm a storyteller".

The film was nominated for Best Picture and Best Original Song, but not Best Director, at the 2014 Academy Awards. The lack of diversity among the Oscar nominations for 2014 was the subject of much press, especially on Twitter. This film was the only one directed by a person of color that was nominated for the 87th Academy Awards. The award for Best Original Song went to "Glory" from *Selma*. DuVernay said that she had not expected to be nominated as director, so the omission did not really bother her; but she was disappointed that actor David Oyelowo, who portrayed King, was not nominated as Best Actor. She said that the obstacles to people of color being represented in the Academy Awards were systemic.

 File:Ava DuVernay - Peabody Awards (cropped).jpg
#### *13th*

*Main article: 13th (film)*
In July 2016, the New York Film Festival made the surprise announcement that *13th*, a documentary directed by DuVernay, would open the festival. Until the announcement no mention of the film had been made by either DuVernay or Netflix, the film's distributor. Centered on race in the United States criminal justice system, the film is titled after the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which outlawed slavery (unless as punishment for a crime). DuVernay's documentary opens with the statement that 25 percent of the people in the world who are incarcerated are incarcerated in the U.S., and argues that slavery has been effectively perpetuated in the U.S. through disproportionate mass incarceration of people of color. The film features several prominent activists, politicians, and public figures, such as Bryan Stevenson, Angela Davis, Van Jones, Newt Gingrich, Cory Booker, Henry Louis Gates Jr., and others, who discuss such issues as convict leasing, the war on drugs, and disproportionate arrests, convictions and sentencing of minorities.

It was released on October 7, 2016 on Netflix. *13th* garnered acclaim from film critics and has a 97% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 94 reviews. The critical consensus says: "*13th* strikes at the heart of America's tangled racial history, offering observations as incendiary as they are calmly controlled." In a review from Awards Circuit, Angela Davis said "*13th* is probably the most important movie you'll ever see."  In 2017, the film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature at the 89th Oscars; DuVernay became the first black woman to be nominated by the academy as a director in a feature category. The film also won a Peabody Award in 2017 and a Columbia Journalism School duPont Award in 2018.
That is what DuVernay talks about in this documentary, and to use the medium of music adds another layer of thought and engagement for the audience. DuVernay used this as an accessory, often “documentaries offer the sensuous experience of sounds and images organized to move us: they activate feelings and emotions and they tap into values and beliefs... they possess and expressive power that equals or exceeds the printed word” (Nichols 73). The use of music helps add to the emotion to the film, and it brings thought to the audiences. Whether the music invokes sadness, anger, or forces deep thought it has a strong effect on the audience.

The film tackles topics that are hard to start a conversation about. DuVernay does well in creating graphics to get the content down to easier concepts to grasp. When the film came out, the country was having tensions between races. Movements of the Alt-Right was reaching its peak and footage of trump rallies throwing out black people have become viral. Videos of police brutality created fear for African Americans and trust in both communities reached a low. Then a President that did not condemn those that sympathized with white supremacy. This film argued that African Americans had a reason to have no faith in a system that failed them. DuVernay did well by portraying this emotion.

With the testimonials of experts and leaders, this film had to find a way to captivate audiences. The use of graphics is meant to keep the information digestible. Through this film numbers and data are thrown at the viewer but with the help of graphics help bridge the gap in an entertaining way. The aesthetics of the film is very lively in these interviews. The locations of the interviews are grand and full of natural light. It is not kept in a room with deemed light, but with that natural light, it doesn’t invoke emotions of negativity. Through the graphics, we see the colors of greys and red. This is a contrast from those testimonials. This makes the content without life but places emphasis on what is being shown. If the colors were too vibrant the coldness of the truth would not be there.

The documentary film, 13th, is made to show black people differently than how they are shown in mass media. As seen in this documentary DuVernay “often seek to invert the tradition of the dehumanization of black people and the black body in the media. In the larger culture where the standard depiction of black people involves the exploitation of suffering, she wields the power of the image to jar her viewer into empathizing with suffering” (Smithsonian Magazine). This perspective helped educate people on the history of the justice system in this country, and why the country is determined to keep high numbers in its prisons. DuVernay always appreciated films that were capable of starting a dialogue between two opposing sides. That is what she by creating this film. DuVernay's use of leaders' voices, timely release, and starting a conversation between people is what makes the film stand out from others.

#### *A Wrinkle in Time*

*Main article: A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)*
In 2010, it was announced that Disney carried the film rights to the 1962 novel *A Wrinkle in Time*. Following the success of Tim Burton's *Alice in Wonderland*, Disney announced the hire of Jeff Stockwell to write the screenplay for Cary Granat and his new Bedrock Studios. Cary Granat had previously worked with Disney on the *Chronicles of Narnia* and *Bridge to Terabithia* films. On August 5, 2014, Jennifer Lee was announced as the screenwriter, taking over from Stockwell, who had written the first draft. On February 8, 2016, it was reported that DuVernay had been offered to direct the film, and she was confirmed as director later that same month.

*A Wrinkle in Time* began filming in November 2016. DuVernay is the first woman of color to direct a live-action film with a budget of over $100 million, and the second woman to do so after Patty Jenkins (who directed *Wonder Woman*).

The film was released in March 2018 and brought in $33 million in its opening weekend, second at the box office behind *Black Panther.* Following Disney's Q2 earnings report in May 2018, Yahoo! Finance deduced the film would lose the studio anywhere from $86–186 million.

Upon release, the film received mixed reviews, with critics "taking issue with the film's heavy use of CGI and numerous plot holes" while "celebrating its message of female empowerment and diversity."

### Television

In 2010, DuVernay directed three TV documentaries. The first, two-hour concert film *TV One Night Only: Live from the Essence Music Festival*, was a mix of live performances and behind-the-scenes vignettes. It aired August 28, 2010 on TV One and showcases the U.S.'s largest annual African-American entertainment gathering, the Essence Music Festival. In 2010 it was held July 2–4 in New Orleans. Two days later, BET premiered its first original music documentary, *My Mic Sounds Nice: A Truth About Women and Hip Hop*, a 41-minute long history of female hip hop artists.

On Thanksgiving 2010, TV One showed DuVernay's 44-minute documentary special *Essence Presents: Faith Through the Storm*, about two black sisters who reclaimed their lives after personal devastation during Hurricane Katrina. "It was done for a client, for *Essence*. They wanted to talk about how faith helped them through, that was very important to them. So it is interspersed with gospel music, images of Katrina, their home and family."

ESPN commissioned DuVernay to produce and direct *Venus Vs.*, a documentary on Venus Williams's fight for equal prize money. This was to be included in their film series *Nine for IX*, which aired on July 2, 2013.

DuVernay also directed the John Legend episode of the performance-and-interview series *HelloBeautiful Interludes Live*, which was shown September 14, 2013 on TV One as the series' broadcast premiere. She also directed the eighth episode of the third season of the political thriller television series *Scandal*. The episode, titled "Vermont is for Lovers, Too", premiered on November 21, 2013 on ABC.

In 2015, DuVernay executive produced and directed the CBS civil rights crime drama pilot *For Justice*, starring Anika Noni Rose. It was not picked up for distribution.Template:Citation needed

That same year, DuVernay announced she would be creating and executive producing the drama series *Queen Sugar*, based on Natalie Baszile's novel.

*Queen Sugar* premiered September 6, 2016 on Oprah Winfrey Network to critical acclaim and positive reviews. DuVernay wrote four episodes and directed two. On August 1, 2016, the series was renewed for a second season ahead of its television premiere; it aired in a two-night premiere on June 20 and June 21, 2017. The series was renewed for a third season on July 26, 2017. In August 2018, OWN renewed the series for a fourth season, which premiered on June 12, 2019.

On July 6, 2017, it was announced that Netflix had given the production *When They See Us* a series order consisting of four episodes. The series was created by DuVernay, who served as executive producer, co-writer, and director. Other executive producers credited, include Jeff Skoll, Jonathan King, Oprah Winfrey, Jane Rosenthal and Berry Welsh. Production companies involved with the series consisted of Participant Media, Harpo Films, and Tribeca Productions. The series premiered on Netflix on May 31, 2019. Upon its release, the miniseries received universal critical acclaim.

On June 25, 2019, Netflix announced that the miniseries had been streamed by over 23 million viewers within its first month of release. It has received a record number of 16 nominations for Emmy Awards for writing, directing, and acting for stars and supporting actors.

### Advertising and music videos

In 2013, DuVernay partnered with Miu Miu as part of their *Women's Tales* film series. Her short film *The Door* starred actress Gabrielle Union and reunited DuVernay with her *Middle of Nowhere* star Emayatzy Corinealdi. The film premiered online in February 2013 and was presented at the *Venice Days* sidebar of the 70th Venice International Film Festival in August.

Also in August 2013, DuVernay released, through Vimeo, a second branded short film entitled *Say Yes*. The film was sponsored by cosmetic brand Fashion Fair and starred Kali Hawk and Lance Gross with Julie Dash, Victoria Mahoney, Lorraine Toussaint and Issa Rae appearing as extras.

In 2015, Apple Music and their ad agency Translation hired DuVernay to helm a series of three commercials starring Mary J. Blige, Taraji P. Henson and Kerry Washington. The first ad, *Chapter 1*, premiered during Fox's Emmy broadcast on September 20, 2015. *Chapter 2* and *Chapter 3* debuted in November 2015 and February 2016, respectively.

Her music video for the Jay-Z ft. Beyoncé song "Family Feud" premiered December 29, 2017 on Tidal.

### Film distribution and production

*Main article: ARRAY*
In 2010 DuVernay founded African-American Film Festival Releasing Movement (AFFRM), her own company to distribute films made by or focusing on black people. DuVernay refers to AFFRM as "not so much a business, but a call to action." Although she sees building strong business foundations for films is a priority, DuVernay has said that she stresses that the driving force of the organization is activism. In 2015 the company rebranded itself under the name ARRAY, promising a new focus on women filmmakers as well.

DuVernay also owns Forward Movement, a film and television production company.

### Future projects

In 2013, she announced development on a narrative feature film entitled *Part of the Sky* and set in Compton.

In 2015, it was announced that DuVernay would be writing, producing, and directing a fictional account which will focus on the "social and environmental" aspects of Hurricane Katrina while including a love story and a murder mystery. David Oyelowo was said to be part of the project.

In 2018, it was announced that DuVernay would be directing a New Gods film for the DC Extended Universe. On May 29, 2019, DuVernay announced that she and Tom King will co-write the film.

On October 29, 2018, it was announced that DuVernay would be working with the estate of Prince to direct a biopic covering his entire life for Netflix. However, in August 2019, it was announced that DuVernay quit as director due to "creative differences."

On February 11, 2020, news reports came out about Ava DuVernay possibly co-producing and directing a Nipsey Hussle documentary for Netflix.

### Other work

In September 2013, DuVernay started a podcast series called *The Call-In,* a series of phone conversations recorded by AFFRM of Black filmmakers of feature narrative and documentary work.

DuVernay, in a keynote address at the 2015 SXSW Film Festival, shared that she was the seventh choice of people asked to direct *Selma* and described her experience at the 2015 Oscars, while being an honor to be able to attend, it was just "a room in L.A."

In February 2018 it was announced that DuVernay, along with producer Dan Lin and Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti, had launched the Evolve Entertainment Fund. The fund's mission is to promote inclusion and provide an opportunity for under-served communities to pursue a dream in the entertainment industry.

Since May 2019, DuVernay has cohosted *The Essentials*, a weekly film series on Turner Classic Movies, with Ben Mankiewicz. DuVernay has appeared in wraparounds each Saturday night on the channel, discussing a wide range of films, including *Marty*, *Ashes and Embers*, *Harlan County, USA* and *La Pointe Courte*.

## Style and themes

Michael T. Martin says, "DuVernay is among the vanguard of a new generation of black filmmakers who are the busily undeterred catalyst for what may very well be a black film renaissance in the making." He further speaks of DuVernay's mission and "call to action" which constitutes a strategy "to further and foster the black cinematic image in an organized and consistent way, and to not have to defer and ask permission to traffic our films: to be self-determining."

## Personal life

DuVernay is private about her romantic life. She has been linked to rapper Common, who starred in and wrote music for the 2014 film she directed.

## Filmography

### Film

#### Short films

 2013
 *Say Yes* | Yes

## Awards, nominations, honors

* In 2012, *Variety* featured DuVernay in its Women's Impact Report.
* In June 2013, she was invited to both the director's and writer's branches of AMPAS. DuVernay was only the second black woman, following Kasi Lemmons, to be invited to the director's branch.
* DuVernay became the inaugural recipient of the Tribeca Film Institute's Heineken Affinity Award, receiving a $20,000 prize and industry support for future projects. DuVernay donated all the money to AFFRM, the black arthouse film collective she founded.
* In June 2015, Duvernay was honored as part of Women in Film Crystal + Lucy Awards with the Dorothy Arzner Directors Award.
* In April 2015 DuVernay was chosen as one of Mattel's "Sheros" of 2015. A custom-made one-of-a-kind Barbie in DuVernay's likeness was produced. The doll was auctioned off with the proceeds given to charity. Due to high demand, a collectible version of the doll was produced and sold in December of that year.
* In 2016, DuVernay was named to Oprah Winfrey's *SuperSoul 100* list of visionaries and influential leaders
* In 2017, DuVernay became the first black woman nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, for her film *13th*.
* In 2017, DuVernay was the recipient of Smithsonian Magazine's American Ingenuity Award for Visual Arts.
* In 2018, DuVernay won Entertainer of the Year at the 49th NAACP Image Awards for her work in 2017.
* PETA declared DuVernay and actor Benedict Cumberbatch to be the Most Beautiful Vegan Celebs of 2018.

## DuVernay test

*Main article: Bechdel test*
The "DuVernay test" is the race equivalent of the Bechdel test (for women in movies), as suggested by *The New York Times* film critic Manohla Dargis in January 2016, asking whether "blacks and other minorities have fully realized lives rather than serve as scenery in white stories." It aims to point out the lack of people of color in Hollywood movies, through a measure of their importance to a particular movie or the lack of a gratuitous link to white actors.

## References

1. ↑ "Sundance 2012: Ava DuVernay Becomes First Black Woman To Win Best Director Prize For *Middle Of Nowhere*", *The Huffington Post* (January 30, 2012).
2. ↑ "Ava DuVernay no longer in 'Middle of Nowhere'", *Los Angeles Times* (December 20, 2012).
3. ↑ "Golden Globes: 'Selma's' Ava DuVernay Becomes First Black Woman to Receive Director Nomination", *The Hollywood Reporter* (December 11, 2014).
4. ↑ "How Ava DuVernay struck a chord with Selma", *The Guardian* (December 17, 2014).
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "With 'A Wrinkle In Time,' Ava DuVernay will pass a milestone", *Los Angeles Times* (August 3, 2016).
6. ↑ "Netflix and Ava DuVernay Win Dismissal of Defamation Suit". https://www.msn.com/en-us/tv/news/netflix-and-ava-duvernay-win-dismissal-of-defamation-suit/ar-BB11BC9V.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Petski, Denise (July 6, 2017). "Ava DuVernay Teaming With Netflix On Central Park Five Limited Drama Series". https://deadline.com/2017/07/ava-duvernay-netflix-on-central-park-five-limited-drama-series-1202124535/.
8. ↑ Mayard, Judnick (May 30, 2019). "I Want You to See Them". *GQ*. https://www.gq.com/story/ava-duvernay-i-want-you-to-see-them.
9. ↑ "When They See Us: Season 1 (2019)". Fandango Media. https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/when\_they\_see\_us/s01.
10. ↑ "When They See Us". CBS. https://www.metacritic.com/tv/when-they-see-us.
11. ↑ "Ava DuVernay". *Biography.com*. May 24, 2016. http://www.biography.com/people/ava-duvernay. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
12. ↑ Stated on *Finding Your Roots*, PBS, October 24, 2017.
13. ↑ Cunningham, Todd (August 16, 2015). "Ava DuVernay Reviews 'Straight Outta Compton' in 18 Tweets: 'They Got It Right'". TheWrap. https://www.thewrap.com/ava-duvernay-reviews-straight-outta-compton-in-18-tweets-they-got-it-right/. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
14. ↑ "Where 'Selma' Meets Hollywood" (TV interview/segment), *60 Minutes*, CBS News (February 8, 2015).
15. ↑ "We Shall Overcome: Ava DuVernay on Making 'Selma'", *Rolling Stone* (January 5, 2015).
16. ↑ "SJ Alumna Receives A Golden Globe Nomination". *St. Joseph's High School*. https://www.sj-jester.org/apps/news/article/425495.
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Ava DuVernay Biography: Documentarian, Screenwriter, Director (1972–)". *Biography*. February 27, 2018. https://www.biography.com/people/ava-duvernay.
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 "Direct Actio", *UCLA Magazine*, University of California, Los Angeles (October 1, 2012).
19. ↑ "In Conversation: Ava DuVernay", *The Cut*, New York (September 19, 2016).
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Miles, Ellene V. (2006). "Agoralumiere Film Series: Saturday Night by Ava DuVernay (USA)" (Press release). *Agoralumiere at the Cannes Film Festival 2006*. http://www.agoralumiere.org/FILMS/SATURDAY.htm.
21. ↑ "With Her MLK Drama Selma, Ava DuVernay Is Directing History" (in en), *Vulture* (2 December 2014).
22. ↑ "Filmmaker Ava DuVernay uses a lens of legacy" (Includes video and transcript), *CNN* (October 25, 2012).
23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "She's a Graduate of an Unusual Film School", *The New York Times* (October 5, 2012).
24. ↑ "Love on the Outside", *Filmmaker* (November 1, 2012).
25. ↑ "Breaking Barriers: Ava DuVernay Directs Things Her Way", *The Source* (March 23, 2016).
26. ↑ "Style videos could start a new wave of good hair days", *Los Angeles Times* (July 5, 2003).
27. ↑ "Firms Create Novel Marketing Twists", *Billboard* (November 1, 2003).
28. ↑ "DVA Media + Marketing". http://www.dvahq.com/home.html. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 "HelloBeautiful.com Premieres Interludes Live! With Superstar John Legend On TV One Saturday Sep 14th @ 10 PM" (Press release), *Interactive One* (September 13, 2013).
30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 "Middle of Nowhere – Writer/Director Ava DuVernay", *Filmmaker* (January 20, 2012).
31. ↑ "Ava DuVernay 'This Is the Life' Interview with Kam Williams", *NewsBlaze* (March 17, 2009).
32. ↑ "In the Middle of Somewhere with Ava DuVernay and Emayatzy Corinealdi", *Interview* (October 11, 2012).
33. ↑ "I Will Follow (2010). Genres: Drama. Roger's Office: I Will Follow" (Video includes transcript), *Ebert Presents: At the Movies* (2012).
34. ↑ "I Will Follow", *RogerEbert.com* (March 8, 2011).
35. ↑ "Sundance Preview: Competition Drama 'Middle of Nowhere'", *The Hollywood Reporter* (January 10, 2012).
36. ↑ "Ava DuVernay Wins Independent Spirit Award for 'Middle of Nowhere'", *Essence* (February 24, 2013).
37. ↑ "Why Is August 28 So Special To Black People? Ava DuVernay Reveals All In New NMAAHC Film", *Essence* (September 22, 2016).
38. ↑ "Huge! Ava DuVernay Tapped By Brad Pitt's Plan B To Take Over Lee Daniels' 'Selma'", *IndieWire* (July 11, 2013).
39. ↑ "Ava DuVernay's 'Selma' Enters Oscar Race, Sets Christmas Day Release", *IndieWire* (June 20, 2014).
40. ↑ "DuVernay, David Oyelowo on breaking Martin Luther King Jr. out of myth and into life", *The Washington Post* (December 26, 2014).
41. ↑ "The Crucial Lessons of Democracy in "Selma"", *The New Yorker* (December 29, 2014).
42. ↑ "'Selma' director makes history before awards are bestowed", *Reuters* (January 6, 2015).
43. ↑ "How 'Selma' Got Smeared: On historical drama and its malcontents", *Grantland* (January 28, 2015).
44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 "Selma Director Ava DuVernay on Hollywood's Lack of Diversity, Oscar Snub and #OscarsSoWhite Hashtag" (Video interview includes transcript), *Democracy Now!* (January 27, 2015).
45. ↑ "List of 87th Academy Award Winners", Associated Press, *ABC News* (February 23, 2015).
46. ↑ "Oscars 2015: A Look at Biggest Latino Oscar Winners of the Past", *LatinPost* (February 22, 2015).
47. ↑ "2016 New York Film Festival to Open With Ava DuVernay Documentary 'The 13th'", *Variety* (July 19, 2016).
48. ↑ "The 13th: inside Ava DuVernay's Netflix prison documentary on racial inequality", *The Guardian* (September 26, 2016).
49. ↑ "Ava DuVernay's The 13th Will Be the First Documentary to Ever Open the New York Film Festival", *Vulture* (19 July 2016).
50. ↑ "13th (2016)". *Rotten Tomatoes*. https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/13th.
51. ↑ "Ava DuVernay" (in en-US). http://www.avaduvernay.com/.
52. ↑ "Oscar Nominations". *Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences*. http://oscar.go.com/nominees.
53. ↑ "Ava DuVernay Doesn't Want Praise, She Wants Change", *Vogue* (February 6, 2017).
54. ↑ "Peabody Awards: Norman Lear, 'Lemonade,' 'Atlanta,' 'Veep' Among Winners" (in en), *The Hollywood Reporter* (18 April 2017).
55. ↑ "Winners of the 2018 duPont-Columbia Awards". https://journalism.columbia.edu/winners-2018-dupont-columbia-awards.
56. ↑ Kendrick, Ben (March 23, 2010). "Script in the Works for 'A Wrinkle in Time'", *Screen Rant*.
57. ↑ Fernandez, Jay (October 14, 2010). "Bedrock taps Jeff Stockwell to adapt 'Wrinkle'", *The Hollywood Reporter*.
58. ↑ McNary, Dave (August 5, 2014). "'Frozen' Director Jennifer Lee to Adapt 'A Wrinkle in Time' for Disney", *Variety*.
59. ↑ "'Frozen' Director Jennifer Lee to Adapt 'A Wrinkle in Time'", *Slash Film* (August 5, 2014).
60. ↑ "Lupita Nyong'o in Talks to Star in Sci-Fi Thriller With Ava DuVernay Eyed to Direct (Exclusive)", *The Hollywood Reporter* (February 8, 2016).
61. ↑ France, Lisa Respers (12 March 2018). "This weekend was the first time films by black directors with mega budgets held the top 2 spots at the box office", *CNN*.
62. ↑ "The lone loser in Disney's big quarter: 'A Wrinkle in Time'", *Yahoo! Finance* (May 8, 2018).
63. ↑ Kirsten Chuba (March 7, 2018). "'A Wrinkle in Time' Reviews: What the Critics Are Saying", *Variety*.
64. ↑ "TV One features specials of the 2010 Essence Music Festival, Washington Watch and Life After, Aug. 29-30", *The Philadelphia Sunday Sun* (August 29, 2010).
65. ↑ "Female Emcees Say 'My Mic Sounds Nice'", *NPR* (August 30, 2010).
66. ↑ Gilmore, Jason (November 12, 2010). "An Interview with Ava DuVernay", *Intrepid Media*.
67. ↑ "Nine for IX: 'Venus Vs.'", *ESPN* (June 26, 2013). Archived from the original on May 27, 2013.
68. ↑ Obenson, Tambay A. (July 12, 2013). "Ava DuVernay Will Direct An Episode Of 'Scandal' Next Season", *IndieWire*.
69. ↑ "'Selma's' Ava DuVernay 'For Justice'", *The Hollywood Reporter* (March 10, 2015).
70. ↑ "Oprah Winfrey To Co-Star In & Co-Create With 'Selma' Filmmaker Ava DuVernay 'Queen Sugar' OWN Drama Series", *Deadline Hollywood* (February 2, 2015).
71. ↑ "'Selma' Director Ava DuVernay on 'Awkward and Weird' First Meeting With Oprah Winfrey", *The Hollywood Reporter* (February 18, 2015).
72. ↑ "Queen Sugar (2016 - 2017)". *Rotten Tomatoes*. https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/queen\_sugar/.
73. ↑ Patten, Dominic (August 1, 2016). "Ava DuVernay-Directed 'Queen Sugar' Gets Season 2 Pickup From OWN – TCA", *Deadline Hollywood*.
74. ↑ "OWN Gives 'Queen Sugar' an Early 16-Episode Second Season Renewal + A New Trailer", *Shadow and Act* (August 1, 2016).
75. ↑ Porter, Rick (July 26, 2017). "'Queen Sugar' scores Season 3 renewal on OWN", *TV by the Numbers*.
76. ↑ Petski, Denise; Petski, Denise (2018-08-08). "‘Queen Sugar’ Renewed For Season 4 By OWN With New Showrunner Anthony Sparks" (in en). https://deadline.com/2018/08/queen-sugar-renewed-season-4-own-new-showrunner-anthony-sparks-1202442491/.
77. ↑ Moreau, Jordan; Moreau, Jordan (2019-03-14). "TV News Roundup: Tiffany Haddish, Ali Wong Netflix Comedy ‘Tuca and Bertie’ Sets Premiere Date" (in en). https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/tv-news-roundup-tiffany-haddish-ali-wong-netflix-animated-comedy-1203163416/.
78. ↑ Darrisaw, Michelle (May 14, 2019). "Ava DuVernay's "When They See Us" Looks at the Central Park Five—Here's What to Know". *The Oprah Magazine*. https://www.oprahmag.com/entertainment/tv-movies/a26588461/when-they-see-us-netflix-central-park-five-series-ava-duvernay/.
79. ↑ D'Addario, Daniel (May 21, 2019). "TV Review: Ava DuVernay's 'When They See Us'". *Variety*. https://variety.com/2019/tv/reviews/ava-duvernay-when-they-see-us-1203220510/.
80. ↑ Henderson, Odie (May 30, 2019). "When They See Us Review". *Roger Ebert*. https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/when-they-see-us-2019.
81. ↑ Fienberg, Daniel (May 31, 2019). "'When They See Us': TV Review". *The Hollywood Reporter*. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/they-see-us-review-1211524.
82. ↑ Goldberg, Matt (May 31, 2019). "'When They See Us' Review: Ava DuVernay's Magnum Opus of a Broken America". *Collider*. https://collider.com/when-they-see-us-review-netflix/.
83. ↑ Mangan, Lucy (May 31, 2019). "When They See Us review – Netflix's gut-wrenching tale of the Central Park Five". *The Guardian*. https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2019/may/31/when-they-see-us-review-netflix-ava-duvernay-central-park-five.
84. ↑ Chaney, Jen (May 30, 2019). "When They See Us Is an Intimate, Sensitive Look at the Central Park Five Tragedy". *Vulture*. https://www.vulture.com/2019/05/when-they-see-us-netflix-review.html.
85. ↑ Paskin, Willa (May 30, 2019). "When They See Us Is a New Kind of Must-See TV". *Slate*. https://slate.com/culture/2019/05/when-they-see-us-central-park-five-netflix-review.html.
86. ↑ Lloyd, Robert (May 30, 2019). "Review: Ava DuVernay's 'When They See Us' gets to the human heart of the Central Park Five". *Los Angeles Times*. https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/tv/la-et-st-when-they-see-us-review-netflix-duvernay-20190529-story.html.
87. ↑ Bennett, Anita (June 26, 2019). "'When They See Us' Watched By More Than 23 Million Netflix Accounts Worldwide". *Deadline Hollywood*. https://deadline.com/2019/06/when-they-see-us-watched-by-more-than-23-million-netflix-accounts-worldwide-1202638036/.
88. ↑ ""The Door" by Ava DuVernay: Women's Tales #5". *Miu Miu*. 2014. http://www.miumiu.com/en/women\_tales/5/film.
89. ↑ "Ava DuVernay Brings Us Through the Door", *Interview* (February 11, 2013).
90. ↑ "Best of Venice 70: 'Miu Miu Women's Tales' – The Door and Le Donne della Vucciri", *Huffington Post* (August 30, 2013).
91. ↑ Template:Vimeo, uploaded August 8, 2013.
92. ↑ "Fashion Fair presents Say Yes by Ava DuVernay", *Ebony* (August 16, 2013).
93. ↑ "How Apple Music's Star-Studded Emmys Ad Came Together", *AdAge* (September 21, 2015).
94. ↑ "Ava DuVernay", *Creativity*, AdAge (2018).
95. ↑ "Jay-Z Confesses His Sins to Beyoncé in Ava DuVernay-Directed "Family Feud" Music Video", *Vanity Fair* (December 30, 2017).
96. ↑ Cieply, Michael (January 7, 2011). "Building an Alliance to Aid Films by Blacks", *The New York Times*.
97. ↑ 97.0 97.1 97.2 97.3 Template:Cite journal
98. ↑ "Ava DuVernay | Heineken Affinity Award". *Strutta*. Archived from the original on October 30, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141030220033/http://affinity.strutta.com/entry/1205618.
99. ↑ Rosenberg, Alyssa (January 26, 2015). "'Selma' criticism isn't stopping Ava DuVernay", *The Washington Post*.
100. ↑ Gettell, Oliver (January 26, 2015). "Ava DuVernay, David Oyelowo to reunite on Hurricane Katrina drama", *Los Angeles Times*.
101. ↑ "Ava DuVernay to Direct DC's Superhero Epic 'New Gods'", *Variety* (March 16, 2018).
102. ↑ Agard, Chancellor (May 29, 2019). "Batman writer Tom King teams up with Ava DuVernay for New Gods script". Entertainment Weekly. https://ew.com/movies/2019/05/29/tom-king-new-gods-script-ava-duvernay/. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
103. ↑ Beaumont-Thomas, Ben (2018-10-30). "Ava DuVernay to make Prince documentary for Netflix" (in en-GB), *The Guardian*.
104. ↑ "Ava DuVernay quits as director of Netflix's authorized Prince documentary". http://www.startribune.com/ava-duvernay-quits-as-director-of-netflix-s-authorized-prince-documentary/557885482/.
105. ↑ McNary, Dave (February 11, 2020). "Nipsey Hussle Documentary From Ava DuVernay in Preliminary Stages at Netflix", Variety. Retrieved on February 13, 2020.
106. ↑ Macaulay, Scott (September 19, 2013). "Ava DuVernay and AFFRM Launch Podcast, 'The Call In,' with Andrew Dosumnu", *Filmmaker*.
107. ↑ Setoodeh, Ramin (March 14, 2015). "'Selma's' Ava DuVernay: 'Studios Aren't Lining Up for Black Protagonists'", *Variety*.
108. ↑ "Ava DuVernay Keynote", *SXSW* (March 2015).
109. ↑ Obenson, Tambay A. (March 17, 2015). "Watch Ava DuVernay's Rousing SXSW Keynote Address", *IndieWire*.
110. ↑ Canfield, David (March 18, 2015). "SXSW: The 7 Best Things We Learned From Ava DuVernay's Keynote Speech", *IndieWire*.
111. ↑ Abramovitch, Seth (March 14, 2015). "SXSW: Ava DuVernay Calls Oscars a "Room in L.A." at Rousing Keynote", *The Hollywood Reporter*.
112. ↑ "Ava DuVernay, Dan Lin, Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti Launch Inclusion Fund" (in en-US), *Variety* (12 February 2018).
113. ↑ "Ava DuVernay Joins TCM to Discuss 'The Essentials'" (in en). https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/ava-duvernay-joins-tcm-discuss-essentials-1204680.
114. ↑ "Director Ava DuVernay: Does She Have a Boyfriend? Or is She Secretly Married? Husband?" (in en). 2016-09-27. http://liverampup.com/entertainment/director-ava-duvernay-does-have-boyfriend-secretly-married-husband.html.
115. ↑ "Fashion Fair presents SAY YES by Ava DuVernay", *Ebony* (August 16, 2013).
116. ↑ Weisman, Jon (June 28, 2013). "Film Academy Invites 276 New Members", *Variety*.
117. ↑ "Tribeca Film Institute's Inaugural Heineken Affinity Award Goes To Ava DuVernay ($20,000 + Industry Support)", *IndieWire* (April 21, 2013).
118. ↑ Kang, Inkoo (March 31, 2015). "Nicole Kidman, Ava DuVernay, Jill Soloway Among Women in Film's 2015 Crystal + Lucy Awardees", *IndieWire*.
119. ↑ Lee, Benjamin (April 24, 2015). "Holding out for a Shero: Selma director Ava DuVernay gets her own Barbie doll", *The Guardian*.
120. ↑ Cunningham, Todd (December 6, 2015). "Ava DuVernay Barbie Doll to Go on Sale Monday, Director Says", *TheWrap*.
121. ↑ "Meet the SuperSoul100: The World's Biggest Trailblazers in One Room", *O, The Oprah Magazine* (August 1, 2016).
122. ↑ Riley, Jenelle (October 3, 2016). "2017 Oscars: Diversity Makes Comeback, Record Six Black Actor Nominees", *Variety*.
123. ↑ "Best Documentary Feature", *Daily Herald* (January 18, 2017).
124. ↑ "2017 American Ingenuity Award Winners", *Smithsonian*.
125. ↑ "NAACP Image Awards: Full List of Winners", *The Hollywood Reporter* (January 14, 2018).
126. ↑ "Benedict Cumberbatch, Ava DuVernay Named PETA's 'Most Beautiful Vegan Celebs' Of 2018", *ET Canada* (11 July 2018).
127. ↑ Tapley, Kristopher (December 23, 2014). "'Selma' dominates Black Film Critics Circle awards", *HitFix*.
128. ↑ Dargis, Manohla (January 29, 2016). "Sundance Fights Tide With Films Like 'The Birth of a Nation'", *The New York Times*.
129. ↑ Evans, Dayna (February 1, 2016). "Could This Be the Bechdel Test for Race", *The Cut*, New York.

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