recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Эпизод 1 (Безумные Истории)

## Безумные Истории: Эпизод первый

**Безумные Истории - Эпизод 1** *(Часть 1)* - первая серия Безумных Историй, под авторством Алексея Кришавицкого, в сеттинге вселенной B&P.

## Предыстория

К моменту первого эпизода Безумных Историй, после событий Идиотопии проходит неизвестное количество лет. Бася Сратов к этому времени становится вместо просто мэра Басястополя, авторитарным диктатором. А в центре города появляется огромных масштабов Цитадель, из которой Бася управляет всеми своими владениями.

Бони Монкевич, вместе со своими сотоварищами организует сопротивление правительству. Неизвестно сколько времени держалось сопротивление незамеченным властями, остаётся только догадываться.

## Краткое содержание

Бони и его соратников обнаруживает Правительство, и их базу начинают штурмовать кролики подосланные правительством, вылезающие из каких только возможно нор.

Они в срочном порядке собирают манатки, в том числе одного из захваченных ранее кроликов, и бегут к поезду, после чего уезжая со своей бывшей базы, направляясь в сторону пригорода Басястополя.

## Галерея

Безумные Истории - часть 1Эпизод на официальном YouTube-канале, Alex Crish's Toxic Waste
Chasmosaurus

The elongated frill of *Chasmosaurus* had two large fenestra in the middle which would have had a skin covering in life giving the appearance of a 'solid' frill. As a display device the frill may have been brightly

coloured with an elaborate display. Also since the frill in these parts was soft tissue, *Chasmosaurus* may have flushed blood into the area to make the colours even more vivid. The flushing of blood has also brought forth ideas of a possible heat exchange device for thermoregulation, with blood flushed into the area to allow it to cool across a larger surface area. However, because the large fenestrae were filled only with skin, the frill would have provided only minimal defence against a predator.
*Chasmosaurus* has also been used as the base for the name of the ceratopsian group Chasmosaurinae. The ceratopsian dinosaurs of this group are noted for their large, long neck frills and relatively short horns, and include others such as *Pentaceratops* and *Anchiceratops*.
American Bison

Bison, symbolic animals of the Great Plains, are often mistakenly called Buffaloes. By any name, they are formidable beasts and the heaviest land animals in North America. Bison stand some 5 to 6.5 feet tall at the shoulder and can tip the scales at over a ton. Despite their massive size, bison are quick on their feet. When the need arises they can run at speeds up to 40 miles an hour. They sport curved, sharp horns that may grow to be two feet long. Bison stand some 5 to 6.5 feet tall at the shoulder and can tip the scales at over a ton. Despite their massive size, bison are quick on their feet. When the need arises they can run at speeds up to 40 miles an hour. They sport curved, sharp horns that may grow to be two feet long.

These large grazers feed on plains grasses, herbs, shrubs, and twigs. They regurgitate their food and chew it as cud before final digestion. Females (cows) and adult males (bulls) generally live in small, separate bands and come together in very large herds during the summer mating season. Males battle for mating primacy, but such contests rarely turn dangerous. Females give birth to one calf after a nine-month pregnancy. Bison once covered the Great Plains and much of North America and were critically important to Plains Indian societies. During the 19th century, settlers killed some 50 million bison for food, sport, and to deprive Native Americans of their most important natural asset. The once enormous herds were reduced to only a few hundred animals. Today, bison numbers have rebounded somewhat, and about 500,000 bison live on preserves and ranches where they are raised for their meat.

Bison HerdBison Headbutting each othera Bison is Pursued by a BearBison Herd in a Creek
Работник Жоп-Дональдса

*Работник Жоп-Дональдса, раньше был сантехником. Жена- Маргарет. Когда-то в прошлом был обычным человеком с неприметной внешностью, но все поменялось когда Бася угостил его своим супом, а тот выпил его носом. Его имя неизвестно, но в одном из комиксов Бони участвовал в турнире Tekken, где проиграл Крейгу Мардюку, который был сильно похож на этого персонажа. Возможно это и есть Мардюк, завязавший с карьерой реслера.*
Wolves of the Sea

Wolves of the Sea, is a 1993 joint production of the ABC, National Geographic and TBS and features the familiar narration of Sir David Attenborough. Multi-award winning Wolves of the Sea is a fascinating portrait of one of the world's most feared and least understood of the ocean's creatures - the killer whales.

This highly intelligent animal that communicates with a rich and eloquent vocabulary of sounds, is the most cunning hunter in the sea.

Killer Whales are found in every ocean of the world. In British Columbia the killers catch salmon; in Norway the pods round up huge schools of herring; penguins and elephant seals are pursued in the sub-Antarctic and sea lion pups are picked off the beach in Argentina.
Gorgosaurus

*Gorgosaurus* had the same basic body plan of all tyrannosaurids with a large head on an s-shaped neck,‭ ‬small arms and bipedal stance.‭ ‬With around sixty teeth in its mouth‭ (‬there is some variance between specimens‭) *‬Gorgosaurus* shared a common trait with other tyrannosaurids of its size,‭ ‬as the larger the tyrannosaurids go the less teeth they have.‭
A skin impression of *Gorgosaurus* discovered by Philip J.‭ ‬Currie shows that its skin lacked the large scales as often found in other dinosaurs,‭ ‬giving it a smooth texture,‭ ‬not unlike the secondarily featherless skin of birds.‭ ‬This also lends further support to the theory that the larger dinosaurs did not have feathers on the grounds that larger bodied animals naturally lost less heat because of the smaller surface area to body volume ratio.
As with other tyrannosaurids,‭ *‬Gorgosaurus* went through an initial stage of slow growth when young before suddenly shooting up to adult size within the space of a few years.‭ ‬Normally it is found that the femur is the longest bone in the leg,‭ ‬but some specimens of young *Gorgosaurus* show the tibia was the longer of the two.‭ ‬This arrangement of longer lower leg bones is seen in many fast running animals and reinforces the theory that when young,‭ *‬Gorgosaurus* would have focused its attention upon hunting fast moving prey such as ornithomimids.‭ ‬When the growth spurt kicked in,‭ ‬the femur would likely grow to be longer reducing the potential speed of *Gorgosaurus*,‭ ‬although the longer stride of bigger legs may have compensated for this in some part.‭ ‬This would also initiate a shift in hunting patterns for larger prey such as hadrosaurs that would have been better able to sustain a large predator.‭ ‬Two hunting patterns at different life stages would also reduce competition between the adult and juvenile members of the species.
*Gorgosaurus* roamed North America at the same time as another tyrannosaurid,‭ *‬Daspletosaurus*.‭ ‬Although both are approximately the same size as one another,‭ *‬Gorgosaurus* has a more gracile build to that of the robust *Daspletosaurus*.‭ ‬This has led to speculation that the two may have specialised in hunting different types of prey with *Gorgosaurus* favouring the swifter dinosaurs such as hadrosaurs.
There has been a lot of debate as to whether *Gorgosaurus* deserves its own genus on the basis that it is so similar to another member of the tyrannosaurids,‭*Albertosaurus*.‭ ‬Being more gracile than other tyrannosaurids,‭ ‬Both *Gorgosaurus* and *Albertosaurus* appear much alike and also have adult sizes similar to one another.‭ ‬Those in favour of keeping these two dinosaurs separate point to subtle differences in the bones of the two,‭ ‬particularly the skull bones that encase the brain.‭ ‬Most of those involved though will concede that further study needs to be done before any decision can be made.‭
Everglades National Park

**Everglades National Park** is an American national park that protects the southern twenty percent of the original Everglades in Florida. The park is the largest tropical wilderness in the United States, and the largest wilderness of any kind east of the Mississippi River. An average of one million people visit the park each year. Everglades is the third-largest national park in the contiguous United States after Death Valley and Yellowstone. UNESCO declared the Everglades & Dry Tortugas Biosphere Reserve in 1976, and listed the park as a World Heritage Site in 1979, while the Ramsar Convention included the park on its list of Wetlands of International Importance in 1987. Everglades is one of only three locations in the world to appear on all three lists.

Most national parks preserve unique geographic features; Everglades National Park was the first created to protect a fragile ecosystem. The Everglades are a network of wetlands and forests fed by a river flowing 0.25 miles (0.40 km) per day out of Lake Okeechobee, southwest into Florida Bay. The park is the most significant breeding ground for tropical wading birds in North America and contains the largest mangrove ecosystem in the Western Hemisphere. Thirty-six threatened or protected species inhabit the park, including the Florida panther, the American crocodile, and the West Indian manatee, along with 350 species of birds, 300 species of fresh and saltwater fish, 40 species of mammals, and 50 species of reptiles. The majority of South Florida's fresh water, which is stored in the Biscayne Aquifer, is recharged in the park.

Humans have lived for thousands of years in or around the Everglades. Plans arose in 1882 to drain the wetlands and develop the land for agricultural and residential use. As the 20th century progressed, water flow from Lake Okeechobee was increasingly controlled and diverted to enable explosive growth of the South Florida metropolitan area. The park was established in 1934, to protect the quickly vanishing Everglades, and dedicated in 1947, as major canal building projects were initiated across South Florida. The ecosystems in Everglades National Park have suffered significantly from human activity, and restoration of the Everglades is a politically charged issue in South Florida.

Wildlife of Everglades National Park

American Alligator

American Crocodile

Florida Cottonmouth

Snapping Turtle

Box Turtle

Florida Panther

River Otter

Grey Fox

White Egret

Black Bear

Pilot Whale
Brazilian Free tailed Bat

The **Mexican free-tailed bat** or **Brazilian free-tailed bat** (*Tadarida brasiliensis*) is a medium-sized bat native to the Americas, regarded as one of the most abundant mammals in North America. Its proclivity towards roosting in huge numbers at relatively few locations makes it vulnerable to habitat destruction in spite of its abundance. The bat is considered a species of special concern in California as a result of declining populations. It has been claimed to have the fastest horizontal speed (as opposed to stoop diving speed) of any animal, reaching top ground speeds over 160 km/h; its actual airspeed has not been measured. The Texas Legislature designated the Mexican free-tailed bat the state mammal (flying) in 1995.
Mink

The American Mink have a long slender body which is around 12-22 inches (30-55 cm) long. They have short webbed legs which make them an excellent swimmer. The little minks have a long tail and its tail itself comprises of one-third of its body. It has thick glossy hair usually brown to black in color throughout its body and a patch of white under the chin and throat. The soft furs of the minks are covered with waterproof oily hair.

The minks originated in North America, and American Minks are found throughout the United States and Canada except for few places on the tundra and the southwestern USA like Arizona, Hawaii, Southern New Mexico, southern and central Utah, western Texas and southern California.

The American mink is a semi-aquatic animal and it spends a lot of time inside water hunting for preys. They are nocturnal animals however are active throughout the year. The mink are solitary animals that mark and recognize their territories with the smell. They are carnivorous animal and hunt preys bigger than themselves. The minks usually live alone and are with their partner only during breeding seasons. When the minks are threatened they usually snarl and hiss and release a scent that also advertises its territory with the other minks and they purr like a cat when they are happy. he minks are semi-aquatic animals and hence are found in a wetland environment, usually near the streams, rivers or any other water bodies. The mink population at a particular area depends on the food available for them in that area. The minks move into the huts and burrows of the muskrats and other occupants if they are empty or just hunt down the occupants. The minks also live in the cavities made by the stream or the trees. The average life span of a wild mink would be a year to 3 years. This statistics however comprises of the younger minks that easily fall prey to the predators or die of disease or starvation. Once they reach adulthood and are capable enough to hunt their food, they may live up to four years to seven years. However the domestic minks may live for longer period. American Minks mating season starts from February to April. The male and the female minks have several partners. The female gives birth by late April or early May. When the mating season starts, the male minks wander far away in search of females. It takes almost a month for the fertilization and implantation of the eggs, gestation period would be around 51 days.
Stellar Sea Lion

### Range

from the Kuril Islands in the Sea of Okhotsk in Russia to the Gulf of Alaska in the north, down to Año Nuevo Island off the coast of central California to the south

### Life Span

18 years (males); 30 years (females)

Stellers are the largest of all sea lions and they have an appetite to match. These giant pinnipeds hunt fish, squid, octopus and, rarely, smaller seals. They are found off northern Pacific coasts from Japan to California. Steller sea lion breeding is one of nature's great mass spectacles. When these giants thunder ashore, their favored beaches, called rookeries, disappear under their numbers. Young pups are sometimes crushed by the throng, unheeded by powerful males with only a single purpose in mind. Bulls (males) must establish and hold a beach territory in order to breed. Most do not achieve this until they are nine or ten years of age.

Females begin to reproduce at about five years of age and typically have one pup per year. Sea lion mothers care for their young and recognize them by a keen sense of smell. Females slip into the sea to hunt and return to their young with the day's catch—identifying their own offspring by touch and scent. These animals are social and also gather at various times throughout the year when mating and breeding are not taking place. Even in crowds, the big bulls are unmistakable—they are three times larger than females. Most Steller sea lion populations declined markedly in the 1980s and 1990s, even though the animals are protected. Scientists are unsure what factor or combination of factors was responsible for the decline.
Brown Bear

### Range

Alaska and Northwestern Canada, : Northwestern Montana, Yellowstone National Park, Northern Utah and a very small section of Northwestern Washington

### Life Span

25 Years

The world's largest brown bears are found in coastal British Columbia and Alaska, and on islands such as Kodiak. These omnivorous giants tend to be solitary animals, except for females and their cubs, but at times they do congregate. Dramatic gatherings can be seen at prime Alaskan fishing spots when the salmon swim upstream for summer spawning. In this season dozens of bears may gather to feast on the fish, craving fats that will sustain them through the long winter ahead. In fall a brown bear may eat as much as 90 pounds of food each day, and it may weigh twice as much before hibernation as it will in spring.

Brown bears dig dens for winter hibernation, often holing up in a suitable hillside. Females, or she-bears, den while pregnant and give birth during this winter rest, usually to a pair of cubs. Brown bear cubs nurse on their mother's milk until spring and stay with her for some two and a half years—so females only reproduce once every three years.

Adult brown bears are powerful, top-of-the-food chain predators, but much of their diet consists of nuts, berries, fruit, leaves, and roots. Bears also eat other animals, from rodents to moose.

Despite their enormous size, brown bears are extremely fast, having been clocked at speeds of 30 miles per hour. They can be dangerous to humans, particularly if they're surprised or if a person gets between a mother bear and her cubs.

Mama Bear and Her CubsBear with a Fish in it's MouthBear Charging through WaterBear GrowlingTwo Bears Fighting
Coyote

Coyotes are members of the Canidae family and share a lot of the same traits of their relatives: wolves, dogs, foxes, and jackals. They have narrow, elongated snouts, lean bodies, yellow eyes, bushy tails, and thick fur.

Known for howling at the moon, coyotes hunt at night and howl to communicate their location. They are also known for being "wily"; in fact, they are very smart creatures and have a heightened sense of hearing, smell, and sight. Coyotes are about as big as medium-sized dogs, though they are smaller than wolves. They are 32 to 37 inches (81 to 94 centimeters) from head to rump, according to National Geographic. Their tail adds another 16 inches (41 cm) to their length. Coyotes typically weigh about 20 to 50 lbs. (9 to 23 kilograms). Coyotes' fur may be gray, white, tan or brown, depending on where they live. Coyotes that live in the mountains have darker coats and ones that live in the desert have lighter coats. Coyotes live in North America and roam the plains, forests, mountains, and deserts of Canada, the United States, Mexico, and Central America. Some even live in tropical climates.

As humans take over more and more countryside, coyotes are adapting to living in cities to find food. In fact, it is becoming more and more common to see coyotes in big cities like New York and Los Angeles. Coyotes are solitary creatures and mark their territory with urine. When hunting deer, however, they use teamwork and form packs. They take turns pursuing the deer until it tires, or they may drive the prey toward a hidden member of the pack, according to the University of Michigan’s Animal Diversity Web (ADW).

These hunters are nocturnal, meaning they sleep during the day and hunt at night. This is why people usually only hear coyotes howling at night. Coyotes also use other noises to communicate. They use three distinct calls — a squeak, a distress call and a howl, according to the ADW. Coyotes are not picky eaters. They eat small game such as rodents, rabbits, fish and frogs, and larger game like deer. Their diet is 90 percent mammalian.

They are typically thought to be only meat eaters, but they are actually omnivores — they eat meat and vegetation. When they aren't snacking on bigger prey, they will eat snakes, insects, fruit and grass. Coyotes have been known to kill livestock and pets, but they usually help control agricultural pests, such as rodents. In cities, coyotes will eat pet food or garbage.

Coyote HowlingPouncing CoyoteCoyote Puppies
Нигралюксианцы (Безумные Истории)

## Безумные Истории: «Нигралюксианцы»

**Безумные Истории - Эпизод 8 «Нигралюксианцы»** *(Часть 8)* - восьмая серия Безумных Историй, под авторством Алексея Кришавицкого, в сеттинге вселенной B&P.

## Предыстория

В прошлом эпизоде, после того как из-за взрывом пол провалился а вместе с ним вагон с Бони, Мишей и Бомжом. Второму вагону, который был прицеплен к вагону троицы, смог остаться на старом уровне. И в конце, один из кроликов открывает дверь этого вагона изнутри, и обнаруживает, что их, "забыли".

## Краткое содержание

Главный (по всей видимости) кролик, который и открыл дверь, заранее успокаивает своих собратьев. Дополняя свой тезис "Нас никто не забыл - о нас и не знали". После чего в вагоне начинает царить паника, почти все кролики впадают в безумие.

Пока остальные впали в безумие, один из кроликов догадывается о мысли, послать сигнал SOS. После чего все кролики, разбередившись у стен вагона, начинают биться головами об стену издавая SOS морзянкой.

Старец, он же "учитель" кроликов, который сидел в это время в угле вагона, жалеет кроликов, смотря на ситуацию, в какую они попали. Кролики замечают его, и все подходят к нему чтобы выслушать.

Пока Старец излагает свои мысли остальным кроликам, предположительно Зая, спускает в его сторону колкие нелестные комментарии. Когда Старец договаривает, он говорит, что нужна "Жертва". Которую остальные кролики решают избрать Заю, который успел изрядно всех задрать своим важным мнением.

## Галерея

Безумные Истории, часть 8 "Нигралюксианцы"Эпизод на официальном YouTube-канале, Alex Crish's Toxic Waste
Wolves: a legend returns to yellowstone

After being hunted to the brink of extinction in the United States, this majestic misunderstood wolf is attempting the comeback of the century in North America's Yellowstone National Park. Four years in the making, this amazing film invited you to run with the pack for a wolf's eye view. Witness the unfolding saga of hardships and affection, losses and triumphs, and the controversy surrounding the decision to reintroduce these wolves back into the heart of the West. Discover if these icons of wilderness will endure . . . or if their haunting howls will be silenced forever, in WOLVES: A LEGEND RETURNS TO YELLOWSTONE.
Whitetail Deer

### Range

Southern Canada and most of the United States, except for the Southwest, Alaska and Hawaii.

### Life Span

6 to 14 years

White-tailed deer are the smallest members of the North American deer family. Adult white-tail deer have reddish-brown coats in summer. The color fades to a duller grayish-brown in winter. Male deer, called bucks, are easily distinguished in the summer and fall by their large set of antlers. New antlers are grown annually and fall off in the winter.

"White-tailed" refers to the white underside of the deer's tail, which it displays and wags when it senses danger.

These large mammals weigh 110 to 300 lbs (50 to 136 kg). White-tailed ears are considerably smaller than Mule Deer ears. White-tailed deer are found in North America from southern Canada through Central America. They inhabit most of southern Canada and all of the mainland US. Their range reaches throughout Central America to Bolivia.

Deer prefer open woodland but are often found on the fringes of urban areas and in farming country. White-tailed deer are found primarily east of the Cascade crest.

White-tailed Deer habitat includes areas along streams and rivers, mixed woodlands, farms, forests, and burned shrub fields. Open areas are used only when thick shrubs or forest are nearby. Whitetail deer are the most nervous and shy of the deer in Washington. White-tail deer wave their tails characteristically from side to side when they are startled. They are very agile and may bound at speeds of up to 30 miles per hour through the forest. White-tailed females are very protective of their babies (fawns). When looking for food, females leave their offspring in a hiding place for about four hours at a time. While waiting for their mother to return, fawns lay flat on the ground with their necks outstretched, well camouflaged against the forest floor.

Whitetail deer are generally solitary (live alone), especially in summer. The basic social unit is a female and her fawns, although does have been observed to graze together in large herds.

Whitetail deer are crepuscular, feeding mainly from before dawn until several hours later, and again from late afternoon until dusk. They rest or are inactive during daylight hours. Antlers do not serve as weapons against predators but are used during the mating season, when the male's fight to breed with females. The buck's antlers are shed from January to March and grow out again in in the spring.

Deer Jumps Over FenceTwo Whitetail FawnsWhitetail Bucks Rutting
Survival Hardcore Wiki

**Minecraft Survival Hardcore** es un SHMP (Survival Hardcore Multiplayer) inspirado en *Permadeath* creado por ElTigreVerde412. Este SHMP se realiza en un mundo normal de supervivencia sin limites en Minecraft. En este SHMP la dificultad se encuentra en Difícil Hardcore, es decir, tu muerte dentro del servidor sería permanente y quedarías baneado y no podrías volver a jugar. Si un jugador queda inactivo por 9 días o toma malas acciones dentro del servidor también podría ser baneado.
Man among wolves

See a man living among wolves as the National Geographic Channel presents the unique story of maverick researcher named Shaun Ellis who raises abandoned wolf cubs and teaches them by example how to survive in the wild. In A Man Among Wolves, see how Shaun has given up everything to take a daring and unorthodox approach to understanding wolves every move - living and behaving like them, howling, licking and snarling like them, even eating carcass meat like them.
Walrus

The mustached and long-tusked walrus is most often found near the Arctic Circle, lying on the ice with hundreds of companions. These marine mammals are extremely sociable, prone to loudly bellowing and snorting at one another, but are aggressive during mating season. With wrinkled brown and pink hides, walruses are distinguished by their long white tusks, grizzly whiskers, flat flipper, and bodies full of blubber. Walruses use their iconic long tusks for a variety of reasons, each of which makes their lives in the Arctic a bit easier. They use them to haul their enormous bodies out of frigid waters, thus their “tooth-walking” label, and to break breathing holes into ice from below. Their tusks, which are found on both males and females, can extend to about three feet, and are, in fact, large canine teeth, which grow throughout their lives. Male walruses, or bulls, also employ their tusks aggressively to maintain territory and, during mating season, to protect their harems of females, or cows. The walrus' other characteristic features are equally useful. As their favorite meals, particularly shellfish, are found near the dark ocean floor, walruses use their extremely sensitive whiskers, called mustacial vibrissae, as detection devices. Their blubbery bodies allow them to live comfortably in the Arctic region—walruses are capable of slowing their heartbeats in order to withstand the polar temperatures of the surrounding waters. The two subspecies of walrus are divided geographically. Atlantic walruses inhabit coastal areas from northeastern Canada to Greenland, while Pacific walruses inhabit the northern seas off Russia and Alaska, migrating seasonally from their southern range in the Bering Sea—where they are found on the pack ice in winter—to the Chukchi Sea. Female Pacific walruses give birth to calves during the spring migration north. Only Native Americans are currently allowed to hunt walruses, as the species' survival was threatened by past overhunting. Their tusks, oil, skin, and meat were so sought after in the 18th and 19th centuries that the walrus was hunted to extinction in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and around Sable Island, off the coast of Nova Scotia.
Nature's Great Events

Every year, the survival of grizzly bears in North America depends on a spectacular natural event: the return of hundreds of millions of salmon from the Pacific Ocean to the mountain streams where they were born. This great return provides food not only for bears, but for killer whales, wolves, bald eagles and the very forest itself. Will the salmon return in time to keep the hungry bears alive?

Every summer in the seas of Alaska, humpback whales, sea lions and killer whales depend on an explosion of plant life, the plankton bloom; it transforms these seas into the richest on Earth, but these animals may not survive to enjoy the great feast.

The summer melt of Arctic ice, opening up nearly 3 million square miles of ocean and land, provides opportunities for millions of animals, including beluga whales, families of Arctic foxes, vast colonies of seabirds, and the fabled Arctic unicorn, the narwhal, but for polar bears it is the toughest time of year. How will they survive? Narrated by David Attenborough.
Doug Smith

**Doug Smith** is a Wolf Biologist and Park Ranger of Yellowstone National Park . Douglas W. Smith is currently project leader for the Yellowstone Gray Wolf Restoration Project in Yellowstone National Park. He worked as biologist for the project from 1994 to1997 and has been with the program since its inception. Doug has studied wolves for 23 years. Prior to Yellowstone, he worked on Isle Royale with wolves from 1979 to 1992 and also with wolves in Minnesota in 1983. He received his Bachelor of Science in Wildlife Biology from the University of Idaho in 1985. His coursework and fieldwork from 1985 to 1988 earned him a Master of Science in Biology from Michigan Technological University. Smith received his PhD from the University of Nevada, Reno in the program of Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology. The dissertation topic which earned him his PhD was entitled *Dispersal Strategies and Cooperative Breeding In Beavers.*
Snowy Plover

Snowy plovers are small shorebirds that dash in and out of waves at the beach. While it looks like they are playing, these chunky little white birds are actually chasing after a meal of small insects and crustaceans.

These small birds have rounded heads with steep foreheads and short necks. Their bills are black and they have large eyes. They have short black legs and dark gray to black feet.

As plovers mature, their feathers change. Typically, their feathers are snowy white, hence their name, with black, brown, and gray markings on wings and head. They have patches of brown or black on their shoulders.

Snowy plovers feast on beetles, flies, marine worms, crabs, clams, sand hoppers, seeds, and aquatic insects. While they search for food plovers will run, stop, look, and then peck and poke at plants and the sand. Plovers will run into swarms of flies with their bills open and snapping, trying to grab a bite.

They nest on the sand on sparsely vegetated coastal beaches and lakeshores and also nest near man-made wastewater ponds and reservoirs. They often line their sand nests with seashells.

Many sandy beaches are raked to make them attractive to humans and beach grasses are planted to control beach erosion. As a result, plovers' breeding numbers have decreased as their beach habitats and breeding areas are used for fun and recreation.

Both parents will take care of the large eggs, but females often take over day duty and the males take over at night. Newly hatched snowy plover chicks look like fluffy white cotton balls.
Albert's Squirrel

### Range

Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah in the United States. Also in the Sierra Madre Occidental in Mexico.

### Weight

Head and body length: 46cm - 58cm. Tail length: 20cm - 26cm

**Abert's squirrel** or the **tassel-eared squirrel** (*Sciurus aberti*) is a tree squirrel in the genus *Sciurus* native to the southern Rocky Mountains from the United States to the northern Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico, with concentrations found in Arizona, the Grand Canyon, New Mexico, and southwestern Colorado. It is closely associated with, and largely confined to, cool dry ponderosa pine forests. It is named in honor of the American naturalist John James Abert; nine subspecies are recognised. It is recognizable by its tufted ears, gray color, pale underparts and rufous patch on the lower back. The squirrel feeds on the seeds and cones of the Mexican pinyon and the ponderosa pine when they are available, but will also take fungi, buds, bark, and carrion. Breeding normally occurs in summer, with a spherical nest being built high in the canopy.
Zoology

Zoology (/zoʊˈɒlədʒi, zu-/) is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems. The term is derived from Ancient Greek ζῷον, zōion, i.e. "animal" and λόγος, logos, i.e. "knowledge, study".
Bighorn Sheep

Bighorn males, called rams, are famous for their large, curled horns. These impressive growths are a symbol of status and a weapon used in epic battles across the Rocky Mountains. Fighting for dominance or mating rights, males face each other, rear up on their hind legs, and hurl themselves at each other in charges of some 20 miles an hour. The resounding clash of horns can be heard echoing through the mountains as the confrontation is repeated—sometimes for many hours—until one ram submits and walks away. The animal's thick, bony skull usually prevents serious injury.

A bighorn ram's horns can weigh 30 pounds—more than all the bones in his body combined. Females (ewes) also have horns, but they are of smaller size. Bighorns inhabit a vast range, from the Rocky Mountains in Canada down to the deserts of the American Southwest. They are relatives of goats, and have balance-aiding split hooves and rough hoof bottoms for natural grip. These attributes, along with keen vision, help them move easily about rocky, rugged mountain terrain. Wild sheep live in social groups, but rams and ewes typically meet only to mate. Rams live in bachelor groups and females live in herds with other females and their young rams. When fall mating arrives, rams gather in larger groups and ram fighting escalates. Usually only stronger, older rams (with bigger horns) are able to mate.

In winter, bighorn herds move to lower-elevation mountain pastures. In all seasons, these animals eat available grass, seeds, and plants. They regurgitate their food to chew it as cud before swallowing it for final digestion.

Lambs are born each spring on high, secluded ledges protected from bighorn predators such as wolves, coyotes, and mountain lions—though not the golden eagles which target lambs. Young can walk soon after birth, and at one week old each lamb and its mother join others in a herd. Lambs are playful and independent, though their mothers nurse them occasionally for four to six months.
North American jaguar

The Pleistocene North American jaguar is an extinct ancestor of our modern American big cat. It lived during the Pleistocene epoch (1.8 mya —10,000 years ago) throughout all of America, for about a good 10.2 million years.

It has been suggested that the Pleistocene big cat entered the American hemisphere from Asia through the Beringia Land Bridge after it divided from the European jaguar (Panthera gombaszoegensis) about 1.5 million years ago. From there on it spread from northern America to the uppermost north of Argentine. It was much larger than our modern day jaguar (about 15 to 20%). The legs were about 6% longer, with the forefeet and hindfeet being about 9.5% longer. It is believed that this ancient big cat was much larger than the jaguars from today, as their remains were found norther of the extant jaguar populations, and thus farther away from the equator (since current populations found more north and south are also larger than those found in equatorial regions).

To this day, many discoveries have been made of this animal’s remains. A very notable discovery was made in the early 90′s in the Blue Spring Cave in central Tennessee. The discovery in question was a well preserved trackway of about 1.6 km long. Although people are uncertain about whether these were made by the Pleistocene North American jaguar, a jaw bone found in the very same cave also belonged to the same animal, supporting the theory that the tracks, too, were made by our extinct big cat. Unfortunately, the exact age of these tracks are not known. It is, however, believed that they must be older than 11,500 years ago, because jaguars have not been in the area since then. However, the tracks might be 13,000 to 25,000 years old, or much older.
Wild Turkey

**Turkey**, either of two species of birds classified as members of either the family Phasianidae or Meleagrididae (order Galliformes). The best known is the common turkey (*Meleagris gallopavo*), a native game bird of North America that has been widely domesticated for the table. The other species is *Agriocharis* (or *Meleagris*) *ocellata*, the ocellated turkey. For unrelated but similar birds, *see* bustard (Australian turkey), megapode (brush turkey), and snakebird (water turkey).

Domestication of the common turkey was probably begun by the Indians of pre-Columbian Mexico. The birds were first taken to Spain about 1519, and from Spain they spread throughout Europe, reaching England in 1541. When the bird became popular in England, the name turkey-cock, formerly used for the guinea fowl of Islamic (or “Turkish”) lands, was transferred to it. English colonists then introduced European-bred strains of the turkey to eastern North America in the 17th century. Turkeys were mainly bred for their beautifully coloured plumageuntil about 1935, after which the breeding emphasis changed to their meat qualities.

Races of the common turkey found today in Mexico and in the southeastern and southwestern United States differ slightly in feather markings and in rump colour, but all are basically dark, with iridescent bronze and green plumage. Adult males have a naked, heavily carunculated (bumpy) head that is normally bright red in colour but turns to white overlaid with bright blue when the birds are excited. Other distinguishing features of the common turkey are a long red fleshy ornament (called a snood) that grows from the forehead over the bill; a fleshy wattle growing from the throat; a tuft of coarse, black, hairlike feathers (known as a beard) projecting from the breast; and more or less prominent leg spurs. The male turkey, or gobbler, or tom, may be 130 cm (50 inches) long and weigh 10 kg (22 pounds), though average weight is less. Female turkeys, or hens, generally weigh only half as much as the males and have less warty heads than do the males. Domesticated strains of the common turkey, developed for their fine-tasting flesh, may be much heavier. The wild turkey prefers woodlands near water. It eats seeds, insects, and an occasional frog or lizard. When alarmed, it may run rapidly to cover. It can fly strongly only for short distances (about 0.4 km, or 0.25 mile). Formerly diminished under hunting pressure, *M. gallopavo* has come back well under various state game management programs in the United States. In courtship display, the male spreads his tail, droops his wings and shakes the quills audibly, retracts his head, struts about, and utters rapid gobbling sounds. He assembles a harem, and each hen lays 8–15 brownish spotted eggs in a hollow in the ground. The young (poults) hatch in 28 days.

The ocellated turkey, of Central America, is smaller than *M. gallopavo*. It has a blue head with reddish yellow bumps, bright-tipped feathers, almost peacocklike, and, in addition to the long bill wattle, a yellow-tipped knob on the crown. It has never been domesticated.
Mammals

Mammals are vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia and characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding their young, a neocortex, fur or hair, and three middle ear bones. Although North America has some 400 species of mammals, most are by no means easy to find. True, Racoons catch our attention when they prowl around our homes, and bison are much too big to stay hidden in the grass. but the majority of mammals survive by being elusive. many, for example, avoid the light of day (a behavior pattern that also keeps them cool.) opossums and mink are primarily nocturnal; deer and rabbits are active mainly about dawn and dusk. regardless of the hours they keep, mammals, in general, are difficult to spot, for they blend into the background with ease. their fur-a feature unique to mammals (another unique trait is that they nurse their young)-is usually some shade of brown; some, such as the varying hare, even change color with the seasons to achieve year around camouflage. stripes or other patterns often break up the image (fawns are a prime example). many mammals and other animals too are pale on the underside, which offsets any shadow that might make them stand out from their surroundings. and few mammals are noisy enough to attract your attention with sound.
Gray Fox

### Food

mice, voles eastern cottontail rabbits. birds; insects; and plants like corn, apples, nuts, berries and grass.

### Range

southern Canada to northern Columbia and Venezuela.

### Life Span

16 years

One of the larger species of fox is known as the Gray Fox. They get the name due to the various shades of gray coloring they feature. They also have black on their bodies and areas of white. The black is found all over the body while the white coloring is often limited to the face and the belly areas. Some of them have red colors that are close to the ears as well.

The Gray Fox has a very long tail with black color at the tip of it. They don’t have a bushy tail though as so many other species do. Full grown males weigh about 15 pounds with the smaller females about 8 pounds. The males are about 15 inches height with the females averaging 12 inches. the grey fox is famous for climbing trees, it climbs a tree by grasping the trunk with its front legs and pushing itself up with its hind feet.
Black-tailed Jackrabbit

### Range

western United States from Washington south to California and east to Nebraska and Texas.

### Life Span

1 to 5 years

The Black-tailed Jackrabbit is superbly adapted to life in open places. relying on its speed to escape from coyotes and other predators, it can leap across distances of up to 20 feet and cover the ground at 30 to 35 miles an hour. during the day it rests in slight depressions, called forms, beneath shrubs, beside rocks, or in long grass. it's long ears act as antennas and air conditioners, picking up sound and dissipating body heat. the white-tailed jackrabbit is similar in appearance but turns white in winter. the antelope jackrabbit, is found mainly in Mexico and has larger ears. all jackrabbits are technically hares, not rabbits.
Poaching

Poaching has been defined as the illegal hunting or capturing of wild animals, usually associated with land use rights. Poaching was performed by impoverished peasants for subsistence purposes and a supplement for meager diets. It was set against the hunting privileges of nobility and territorial rulers.

Since the 1980s, the term "poaching" has also been used to refer to the illegal harvesting of wild plant species. In agricultural terms, the term 'poaching' is also applied to the loss of soils or grass by the damaging action of feet of livestock which can affect availability of productive land, water pollution through increased runoff and welfare issues for cattle. Stealing livestock as in cattle raiding classifies as theft, not as poaching. In 1998, environmental scientists from the University of Massachusetts Amherst proposed the concept of poaching as an environmental crime, defining any activity as illegal that contravenes the laws and regulations established to protect renewable natural resources including the illegal harvest of wildlife with the intention of possessing, transporting, consuming or selling it and using its body parts. They considered poaching as one of the most serious threats to the survival of plant and animal populations. Wildlife biologists and conservationists consider poaching to have a detrimental effect on biodiversity both within and outside protected areas as wildlife populations decline, species are depleted locally, and the functionality of ecosystems is disturbed.
American Crocodile

The American crocodile is considered at-risk in nearly all parts of its North, Central, and South American range. Survey data, except in the United States, is poor or nonexistent, but conservationists agree that illegal hunting and habitat depletion has reduced populations of this wide-ranging reptile to critical levels. A small, remnant population lives in southern Florida, but most are found in southern Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and northern South America. Their habitat of choice is the fresh or brackish water of river estuaries, coastal lagoons, and mangrove swamps. A prehistoric-looking creature, it is distinguishable from its cousin, the American alligator, by its longer, thinner snout, its lighter color, and two long teeth on the lower jaw that are visible when its mouth is closed. This species is among the largest of the world's crocodiles, with Central and South American males reaching lengths of up to 20 feet. Males in the U.S. population rarely exceed 13 feet, however. Their diet consists mainly of small mammals, birds, fish, crabs, insects, snails, frogs, and occasionally carrion. They have been known to attack people, but are far more likely to flee at the sight of humans. Most countries in the American crocodile's range have passed protection laws, but unfortunately, few governments provide adequate enforcement.
Aepycamelus

Aepycamelus is an extinct genus of camelid, formerly called Alticamelus which lived during the Miocene 20.6-4.9 Ma existing for approximately 15.7 million years.

Aepycamelus walked on its toes only. Unlike earlier species of camelid, they possessed cushioned pads like those of modern camels. Aepycamelus was a prairie dweller of North America (Colorado, etc.). It was a highly specialized animal. Its head was relatively small compared with the rest of its body, its neck was long, as a result of giraffe-like lengthening of the cervical vertebrae, and its legs were long and stilt-like, with the elbow and knee joints on the same level. The top of its head would have been about 3 metres above the ground. ts strange body structure gives us plenty of information on its mode of life and habits. Aepycamelus obviously inhabited dry grasslands with groups of trees. It is presumed to have moved about singly or in small groups, like today's giraffes, and like them, browsed high up in the trees. In this respect it had no competitors, it survived a relatively long time, lasting throughout the entirety of the Miocene epoch, and died out prior to the start of the Pliocene, possibly due to climatic changes.