Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is known today as a scientifically-proven psychological intervention that targets and challenges "maladaptive cognitions" which are linked as the source of emotional distress and behavioral problems. This treatment method was first conceptualized as a method of psychological treatment through Albert Ellis' Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy and Aaron Beck's Cognitive Therapy in the 1950s and 1960s.

CBT works by interrupting the feedback loop whereby thoughts, feelings, and behaviors influence each other in a cycle. These thoughts, feelings and behaviors can be both positive or negative, getting reinforced over time regardless. By interrupting cognitions through challenging the distressing thoughts and feelings and replacing them with positive or constructive ones, the client may begin to see remarkable changes with regard to these thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

The American Psychological Association states that CBT "has been demonstrated to be effective for a range of problems including depression, anxiety disorders, alcohol and drug use problems, marital problems, eating disorders, and severe mental illness."

**Further Reading**

1. David, D., Cristea, I., & Hofmann, S. G. (2018). Why Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Is the Current Gold Standard of Psychotherapy. *Frontiers in psychiatry*, *9*, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00004
2. Davis, K. (n.d.). *Cognitive behavioral therapy: How does CBT work?* Medical News Today. Retrieved December 6, 2021, from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/296579.
3. Halder, S., & Mahato, A. K. (2019). Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Children and Adolescents: Challenges and Gaps in Practice. *Indian journal of psychological medicine*, *41*(3), 279–283. https://doi.org/10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM\_470\_18
4. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2019, March 16). *Cognitive behavioral therapy*. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved December 6, 2021, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cognitive-behavioral-therapy/about/pac-20384610.
5. *Understanding CBT*. Beck Institute. (2021, August 3). Retrieved December 6, 2021, from https://beckinstitute.org/about/intro-to-cbt/.

**Further Reading for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and the treatment of Eating Disorders**

1. Rossi, E., Castellini, G., Cassioli, E., Sensi, C., Mancini, M., Stanghellini, G., & Ricca, V. (2022). The role of embodiment in the treatment of patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa: A 2-year follow-up study proposing an integration between enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy and a phenomenological model of eating disorders. *Eating and Weight Disorders*, *26*(8), 2513–2522.
2. Trainor, C., Michael, M. L., Lampe, E. W., Presseller, E. K., Juarascio, A., & Manasse, S. M. (2022). Associations between emotion regulation and remission following cognitive behavioural therapy for adults with bulimia nervosa. *European Eating Disorders Review*
3. Trottier, K., Monson, C. M., Wonderlich, S. A., & Crosby, R. D. (2022). Results of the first randomized controlled trial of integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy for eating disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder. *Psychological Medicine*, *52*(3), 587–596

## Reference List

1. ↑ Hofmann, S.G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I.J.J. *et al.* The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Review of Meta-analyses. *Cogn Ther Res* 36, 427–440 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-012-9476-1
2. ↑ Ellis, A. (1962). *Reason and emotion in psychotherapy.* Lyle Stuart.
3. ↑ Aaron T. Beck, Cognitive therapy: Nature and relation to behavior therapy, Behavior Therapy, Volume 1, Issue 2, 1970, Pages 184-200, ISSN 0005-7894, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(70)80030-2.
4. ↑ InformedHealth.org [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Cognitive behavioral therapy. 2013 Aug 7 [Updated 2016 Sep 8]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279297/
5. ↑ https://www.apa.org/ptsd-guideline/patients-and-families/cognitive-behavioral