2003 in the United States

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* 2002
* 2001
* 2000
* 2004
* 2005
* 2006
 Decades: | *
 See also: | * History of the United States (1991–2008)
* Timeline of United States history (1990–2009)
* List of years in the United States

Events from the year **2003 in the United States**.

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## Incumbents

### Federal government

* President: George W. Bush (R-Texas)
* Vice President: Dick Cheney (R-Wyoming)
* Chief Justice: William Rehnquist (Wisconsin)
* Speaker of the House of Representatives: Dennis Hastert (R-Illinois)
* Senate Majority Leader: Tom Daschle (D-South Dakota) (until January 3), Bill Frist (R-Tennessee) (starting January 3)
* Congress: 107th (until January 3), 108th (starting January 3)

* Governor of Alabama: Don Siegelman (Democratic) (until January 20), Bob Riley (Republican) (starting January 20)
* Governor of Alaska: Frank Murkowski (Republican)
* Governor of Arizona: Jane Dee Hull (Republican) (until January 6), Janet Napolitano (Democratic) (starting January 6)
* Governor of Arkansas: Mike Huckabee (Republican)
* Governor of California: Gray Davis (Democratic) (until November 17), Arnold Schwarzenegger (Republican) (starting November 17)
* Governor of Colorado: Bill Owens (Republican)
* Governor of Connecticut: John G. Rowland (Republican)
* Governor of Delaware: Ruth Ann Minner (Democratic)
* Governor of Florida: Jeb Bush (Republican)
* Governor of Georgia: Roy Barnes (Democratic) (until January 13), Sonny Perdue (Republican) (starting January 13)
* Governor of Hawaii: Linda Lingle (Republican)
* Governor of Idaho: Dirk Kempthorne (Republican)
* Governor of Illinois: George Ryan (Republican) (until January 13), Rod Blagojevich (Democratic) (starting January 13)
* Governor of Indiana: Frank O'Bannon (Democratic) (until September 13), Joe Kernan (Democratic) (starting September 13)
* Governor of Iowa: Tom Vilsack (Democratic)
* Governor of Kansas: Bill Graves (Republican) (until January 13), Kathleen Sebelius (Democratic) (starting January 13)
* Governor of Kentucky: Paul E. Patton (Democratic) (until December 9), Ernie Fletcher (Republican) (starting December 9)
* Governor of Louisiana: Murphy J. Foster, Jr. (Republican)
* Governor of Maine: Angus King (Independent) (until January 8), John Baldacci (Democratic) (starting January 8)
* Governor of Maryland: Parris N. Glendening (Democratic) (until January 15), Robert L. Ehrlich, Jr. (Republican) (starting January 15)
* Governor of Massachusetts: Jane Swift (Republican) (until January 2), Mitt Romney (Republican) (starting January 2)
* Governor of Michigan: John Engler (Republican) (until January 1), Jennifer Granholm (Democratic) (starting January 1)
* Governor of Minnesota: Jesse Ventura (Independence) (until January 6), Tim Pawlenty (Republican) (starting January 6)
* Governor of Mississippi: Ronnie Musgrove (Democratic)
* Governor of Missouri: Bob Holden (Democratic)
* Governor of Montana: Judy Martz (Republican)
* Governor of Nebraska: Mike Johanns (Republican)
* Governor of Nevada: Kenny Guinn (Republican)
* Governor of New Hampshire: Jeanne Shaheen (Democratic) (until January 9), Craig Benson (Republican) (starting January 9)
* Governor of New Jersey: Jim McGreevey (Democratic)
* Governor of New Mexico: Gary Johnson (Republican) (until January 1), Bill Richardson (Democratic) (starting January 1)
* Governor of New York: George Pataki (Republican)
* Governor of North Carolina: Mike Easley (Democratic)
* Governor of North Dakota: John Hoeven (Republican)
* Governor of Ohio: Bob Taft (Republican)
* Governor of Oklahoma: Frank Keating (Republican) (until January 13), Brad Henry (Democratic) (starting January 13)
* Governor of Oregon: John Kitzhaber (Democratic) (until January 13), Ted Kulongoski (Democratic) (starting January 13)
* Governor of Pennsylvania: Mark S. Schweiker (Republican) (until January 21), Ed Rendell (Democratic) (starting January 21)
* Governor of Rhode Island: Lincoln C. Almond (Republican) (until January 7), Donald Carcieri (Republican) (starting January 7)
* Governor of South Carolina: Jim Hodges (Democratic) (until January 15), Mark Sanford (Republican) (starting January 15)
* Governor of South Dakota: William J. Janklow (Republican) (until January 7), Mike Rounds (Republican) (starting January 7)
* Governor of Tennessee: Don Sundquist (Republican) (until January 18), Phil Bredesen (Democratic) (starting January 18)
* Governor of Texas: Rick Perry (Republican)
* Governor of Utah: Mike Leavitt (Republican) (until November 5), Olene S. Walker (Republican) (starting November 5)
* Governor of Vermont: Howard Dean (Democratic) (until January 9), Jim Douglas (Republican) (starting January 9)
* Governor of Virginia: Mark Warner (Democratic)
* Governor of Washington: Gary Locke (Democratic)
* Governor of West Virginia: Bob Wise (Democratic)
* Governor of Wisconsin: Scott McCallum (Republican) (until January 6), Jim Doyle (Democratic) (starting January 6)
* Governor of Wyoming: Jim Geringer (Republican) (until January 6), Dave Freudenthal (Democratic) (starting January 6)

Lieutenant governors

* Lieutenant Governor of Alabama: Steve Windom (Republican) (until January 20), Lucy Baxley (Democratic) (starting January 20)
* Lieutenant Governor of Alaska: Loren Leman (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas: Winthrop Paul Rockefeller (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of California: Cruz Bustamante (Democratic)
* Lieutenant Governor of Colorado: Joe Rogers (Republican) (until January 14), Jane E. Norton (Republican) (starting January 14)
* Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut: Jodi Rell (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Delaware: John Carney (Democratic)
* Lieutenant Governor of Florida: Frank Brogan (Republican) (until March 3), Toni Jennings (Republican) (starting March 3)
* Lieutenant Governor of Georgia: Mark Taylor (Democratic)
* Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii: Duke Aiona (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Idaho: Jack Riggs (Republican) (until January 6), Jim Risch (Republican) (starting January 6)
* Lieutenant Governor of Illinois: Corinne Wood (Republican) (until January 13), Pat Quinn (Democratic) (starting January 13)
* Lieutenant Governor of Indiana:
	+ until September 13: Joe E. Kernan (Democratic)
	+ September 13-October 20: vacant
	+ starting October 20: Kathy Davis (Democratic)
* Lieutenant Governor of Iowa: Sally Pederson (Democratic)
* Lieutenant Governor of Kansas: Gary Sherrer (Republican) (until January 13), John E. Moore (Democratic) (starting January 13)
* Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky: Steve Henry (Democratic) (until December 9), Steve Pence (Republican) (starting December 9)
* Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana: Kathleen Blanco (Democratic)
* Lieutenant Governor of Maryland: Kathleen Kennedy Townsend (Democratic) (until January 15), Michael Steele (Republican) (starting January 15)
* Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts: Jane Swift (Republican) (until January 2), Kerry Healey (Republican) (starting January 2)
* Lieutenant Governor of Michigan: Dick Posthumus (Republican) (until January 1), John D. Cherry (Democratic) (starting January 1)
* Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota: Mae Schunk (Independence) (until January 6), Carol Molnau (Republican) (starting January 6)
* Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi: Amy Tuck (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Missouri: Joe Maxwell (Democratic)
* Lieutenant Governor of Montana: Karl Ohs (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Nebraska: Dave Heineman (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Nevada: Lorraine Hunt (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico: Walter Dwight Bradley (Republican) (until January 1), Diane Denish (Democratic) (starting January 1)
* Lieutenant Governor of New York: Mary Donohue (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina: Bev Perdue (Democratic)
* Lieutenant Governor of North Dakota: Jack Dalrymple (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Ohio: vacant (until January 13), Jennette Bradley (Republican) (starting January 13)
* Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma: Mary Fallin (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania: Robert Jubelirer (Republican) (until January 21), Catherine Baker Knoll (Democratic) (starting January 21)
* Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island: Charles J. Fogarty (Democratic)
* Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina: Bob Peeler (Republican) (until January 15), André Bauer (Republican) (starting January 15)
* Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota: Carole Hillard (Republican) (until January 7), Dennis Daugaard (Republican) (starting January 7)
* Lieutenant Governor of Tennessee: John S. Wilder (Democratic)
* Lieutenant Governor of Texas: Bill Ratliff (Republican) (until January 21), David Dewhurst (Republican) (starting January 21)
* Lieutenant Governor of Utah: Olene S. Walker (Republican) (until November 5), Gayle McKeachnie (Republican) (starting November 5)
* Lieutenant Governor of Vermont: Doug Racine (Democratic) (until January 9), Brian Dubie (Republican) (starting January 9)
* Lieutenant Governor of Virginia: Tim Kaine (Democratic)
* Lieutenant Governor of Washington: Brad Owen (Democratic)
* Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin: Margaret A. Farrow (Republican) (until January 6), Barbara Lawton (Democratic) (starting January 6)

## Events

### January

* January – Sky marshals are introduced on U.S. airlines in an attempt to prevent hijackings.
* January 3
	+ The 108th United States Congress is sworn in, including incoming freshmen Senators Saxby Chambliss (R-GA), Lindsey Graham (R-SC), John Sununu (R-NH), Lamar Alexander (R-TN), Elizabeth Dole (R-NC), Norm Coleman (R-MN), and Mark Pryor (D-AR).
	+ The Ohio State University defeats the University of Miami in double-overtime in the Fiesta Bowl, 31–24, for the national Bowl Championship Series (BCS) title.
* January 4 – In American football, the Atlanta Falcons defeat the Green Bay Packers in a 27–7 upset, handing the Packers their first ever playoff loss at Lambeau Field.
* January 8 – US Airways Express Flight 5481 crashes at Charlotte/Douglas International Airport in Charlotte, North Carolina, killing all 21 people aboard.
* January 15 – *Eldred v. Ashcroft*: The Supreme Court of the United States allows the extension of copyright terms in the U.S.
* January 16 – STS-107: Space Shuttle *Columbia* is launched on what turns out to be its last flight.
* January 23 – The last signal is received from NASA's *Pioneer 10* spacecraft, some 7.5 billion miles from Earth.
* January 24 – The newly created United States Department of Homeland Security begins operations.
* January 25 – An international group of volunteers leaves London for Baghdad to act as voluntary human shields, hoping to avert a U.S. invasion.
* January 26 – Super Bowl XXXVII: The Tampa Bay Buccaneers defeat the Oakland Raiders 48–21.
* January 28 – State of the Union Address.
* January 30 – Iraq disarmament crisis: The leaders of the United Kingdom, Czech Republic, Denmark, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Spain release a statement (*The Letter of the Eight*) demonstrating support for the United States' plans to invade Iraq.

### February

 File:Crew of STS-107, official photo.jpg
* February 1 – STS-107: Space Shuttle *Columbia* disintegrates over Texas upon re-entry, killing all seven astronauts on board.
* February 3 – John W. Snow is sworn in as the new Secretary of Treasury, succeeding Paul O'Neill.[*citation needed*]
* February 4 – Four-year-old Sofia Juarez disappears in Kennewick, Washington.
* February 5 – Iraq disarmament crisis: U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell addresses the UN Security Council on Iraq.
* February 7 – An unsuccessful attempt is made to contact *Pioneer 10*.
* February 20 – The Station nightclub fire in West Warwick, Rhode Island claims the lives of 100 people.
* February 27 – Fred Rogers, host of the children's television show *Mister Rogers Neighborhood*, dies of stomach cancer at the age of 74.

### March

* March 1
	+ The Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, the United States Customs Service, and the United States Secret Service move to the United States Department of Homeland Security.
	+ The Turkish parliament vetoes U.S. troop access to airbases in Turkey in order to attack Iraq from the north. The Bush administration starts working on Plan B, namely attacking Iraq from the south, through the Persian Gulf.
* March 5 – *Lockyer v. Andrade*, *Ewing v. California*: In two separate opinions, the Supreme Court of the United States, by 5–4 margins, upholds California's "three strikes" law.
* March 11 – Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraqi fighters threaten two U.S. U-2 surveillance planes, on missions for U.N. weapons inspectors, forcing them to abort their mission and return to base.
* March 16 – Iraq disarmament crisis: The leaders of the United States, Britain, Portugal, and Spain meet at a summit in the Azores Islands. U.S. President Bush calls March 17 the "moment of truth", meaning that the "coalition of the willing" will make its final effort to extract a resolution from the U.N. Security Council, giving Iraq an ultimatum to disarm immediately or be disarmed by force.
* March 17 – Iraq disarmament crisis: U.S. President George W. Bush gives an ultimatum: Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein and his sons must either leave Iraq, or face military action at a time of the U.S.'s choosing.
* March 18
	+ FBI agents raid the corporate headquarters of HealthSouth Corporation in Birmingham, Alabama, on suspicion of massive corporate fraud led by the company's top executives.
	+ About $1 billion is taken from Iraq's Central Bank by Saddam Hussein and his family, just hours before the United States begins bombing Iraq.
* March 19 – The first American bombs drop on Baghdad after Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and his sons do not comply with U.S. President George W. Bush's 48-hour mandate demanding their exit from Iraq.
* March 20 – The US-led Iraq War begins.
* March 22 – The United States and the United Kingdom begin their shock and awe campaign, with a massive air strike on military targets in Baghdad.
* March 23
	+ Hasan Akbar, a Muslim soldier with the 101st Airborne, kills two fellow soldiers in a grenade attack at Camp Pennsylvania, Kuwait.
	+ The 75th Academy Awards ceremony, hosted by Steve Martin, is held at Kodak Theatre in Hollywood. Rob Marshall's *Chicago* wins six awards out of 13 nominations, including Best Picture (the first musical to win the award since 1968's *Oliver!*). Roman Polanski wins Best Director for *The Pianist*, though he does not attend due to a long-standing arrest warrant. The telecast garners over 33 million viewers, making it the least-watched and lowest-rated televised Oscar ceremony so far.
* March 30 – Meigs Field Airport in Chicago, Illinois, is demolished overnight.

### April

 File:UStanks baghdad 2003.JPEG
* April 3 – U.S. forces seize control of Saddam International Airport, changing the airport's name to Baghdad International Airport.
* April 3–12 – Iraq War: US forces defeat the Iraqi Army and the Iraqi Republican Guard in the Battle of Baghdad.
* April 9 – Iraq War: U.S. forces seize control of Baghdad, ending the regime of Saddam Hussein.
* April 13
	+ Iraq War: Saddam Hussein's hometown of Tikrit falls to U.S. forces.
	+ President George W. Bush accuses Syria of possessing chemical weapons.
* April 18 – *Holes*, directed by Andrew Davis is released in theaters.
* April 21 – Retired U.S. Army General Jay Garner becomes Interim Civil Administrator of Iraq.
* April 29 – Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld confirms that U.S. troops will be withdrawn from Saudi Arabia where they have been stationed since the 1991 Gulf War.

### May

 File:USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72) Mission Accomplished.jpg
* May 1 – U.S. president George W. Bush lands on the aircraft carrier USS *Abraham Lincoln*, where he gives a speech announcing the end of major combat in the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. A banner behind him declares "Mission Accomplished".
* May 3 – The Old Man of the Mountain, a rock formation in New Hampshire, crumbles after heavy rain.
* May 4 – Top Thrill Dragster opens in Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio as the world's tallest, fastest roller coaster.
* May 4–10 – A major severe weather outbreak spawns more tornadoes than any week in U.S. history; 393 tornadoes are reported in 19 states.[*citation needed*]
* May 21 – Ruben Studdard wins season 2 of American Idol.
* May 23 – Dewey, the first deer cloned by scientists at Texas A&M University, is born.
* May 25 – After docking in Miami at 05:00, the *SS Norway* (old *SS France*) is severely damaged by a boiler explosion at 06:30, killing seven and injuring 17 crew members. A few weeks later it is announced by Norwegian Cruise Line that she will never sail again as a commercial ocean liner.
* May 28 – President George W. Bush authorizes $350 billion worth of tax cuts over 10 years.
* May 30 – Pixar Animation Studios' fifth feature film, *Finding Nemo*, is released in theaters, becoming the studio's biggest financial success up to that point.
* May 31 – Eric Rudolph, perpetrator of the Centennial Olympic Park bombing in 1996, is captured in Murphy, North Carolina.

### June

* June – As a result of the early 2000s recession, as well as the jobless recovery that followed, unemployment peaks at 6.3%, the highest since April 1994.
* June 4 – Martha Stewart and her broker are indicted for using privileged investment information and then obstructing a federal investigation. Stewart also resigns as chairperson and chief executive officer of *Martha Stewart Living*.
* June 14 – Ennis shooting: A gunman goes on a shooting spree in Madison County, Montana. The gunman kills one man and injures six others, before being involved in a chase and shootout with responding police. He is sentenced to 11 life terms, the longest prison sentence in Montana state history.
* June 19 – The U.S. Census Bureau announces that with 37 million, Hispanics constitute the largest minority in the USA (compared with 36 million African Americans).
* June 22 – The largest hailstone ever recorded falls in Aurora, Nebraska.
* June 23 – *Grutter v. Bollinger*: The Supreme Court of the United States upholds affirmative action in university admissions.
* June 26
	+ A senior Department of State chemical and biological weapons expert testifies to the House of Representatives Intelligence Committee that he was pressured to modify intelligence reports about Iraq.
	+ *Lawrence v. Texas*: The U.S. Supreme Court declares sodomy laws unconstitutional.
* June 29 – A balcony collapse in Chicago kills 13.
* June 30 – In Irvine, California, Joseph Hunter Parker kills two Albertsons employees with a sword, before being shot to death by the police.

### July

* July 8 – Douglas Williams goes on a shooting rampage in a Lockheed Martin plant in Meridian, Mississippi, killing six and injuring eight before committing suicide.
* July 9 – *Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl*, directed by Gore Verbinski, is released in theaters as the first film in the *Pirates of the Caribbean* film Series.
* July 14 – CIA leak scandal: *The Washington Post* columnist Robert Novak publishes the name of Valerie Plame, blowing her cover as a CIA operative.
* July 22 – Uday and Qusay Hussein, sons of Saddam Hussein, are killed by the U.S. military in Iraq, after being tipped off by an informant.
* July 26 – The electorate of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma approves a new constitution re-designating the tribe "Cherokee Nation" without "of Oklahoma" and specifically disenfranchising the Cherokee Freedmen.

### August

* August 1 – The social network Myspace launches.
* August 14 – A widespread power outage affects the northeastern United States and South-Central Canada.
* August 25 – The Spitzer Space Telescope was launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida, during Delta II.
* August 28 – Brian Douglas Wells, a pizza delivery man in Erie, Pennsylvania, is killed after a bomb fastened around his neck explodes. Wells was forced to rob a bank with the bomb collar on before it was detonated remotely.

### September

* September 7 – President Bush announces a request for $87 billion from Congress for military operations in Afghanistan and Iraq.
* September 17 – President Bush concedes there is no evidence linking Iraqi President Saddam Hussein to the September 11, 2001 attacks.
* September 18 – Hurricane Isabel makes landfall as a Category 2 Hurricane on North Carolina's Outer Banks. It directly kills 16 people in the Mid–Atlantic area.

### October

* October 7 – 2003 California gubernatorial recall election: Voters recall Governor Gray Davis from office and elect actor Arnold Schwarzenegger to succeed him.
* October 9 – A redesigned $20 bill is first released, containing many new security features not found in older bills.
* October 10 – Facing an investigation surrounding allegations of illegal drug use, American right-wing radio host Rush Limbaugh publicly admits that he is addicted to prescription pain killers, and will seek treatment.
* October 15 – The 2003 Staten Island Ferry crash kills 11 after one of its ferries slams into a pier.
* October 25
	+ The Florida Marlins defeat the New York Yankees to win their second World Series title.
	+ The Cedar Fire begins in San Diego County, burning 280,000 acres (1,100 km2), 2,232 homes and killing 14.

### November

* November 1 – Walt Disney Pictures' 44th feature film, *Brother Bear*, is released to box office success but mixed-to-negative critical reception.
* November 7 – *Elf*, directed by Jon Favreau, is released in theaters.
* November 18
	+ The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, in *Goodridge v. Department of Public Health*, rules anti-gay laws against same-sex marriage unconstitutional in Massachusetts.
	+ U.S. President George W. Bush makes a state visit to London in the midst of massive anti-war protests.
* November 20 – Iraq War: End of Operation Iron Hammer, an attempt to end the Iraq insurgency.

### December

* December 1 – Boeing chairman and CEO Phil Condit resigns unexpectedly. He is replaced by Lewis Platt as non-executive chairman and Harry Stonecipher as president and CEO.
* December 13 – Iraq War: End of Operation Red Dawn, resulting in the capture of Saddam Hussein in Tikrit.
* December 19 – After being arrested, Guatemalan Ricardo Alfonso Cerna commits suicide at a police station in San Bernardino County, California by shooting himself in the head with a concealed handgun.
* December 22 – The 6.6 Template:M San Simeon earthquake shook the central coast of California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (*Severe*), leaving two dead and 40 injured, and causing $250–300 million in damage.
* December 24
	+ At the request of the U.S. Embassy in Paris, the French government orders Air France to cancel several flights between France and the U.S. in response to terrorism concerns.
	+ A BSE (mad cow disease) outbreak in Washington state is announced. Several countries including Brazil, Australia, and Taiwan ban the import of beef from the United States.
* December 31 – British Airways Flight 223, a Boeing 747-400 flying from London Heathrow to Washington Dulles, is held for security checks after landing in Washington, D.C. due to intelligence suggesting a terrorist threat.

### Ongoing

* Iraqi no-fly zones (1991–2003)
* War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
* Iraq War (2003–2011)

### Undated

* GenSpera, a pharmaceutical company, is founded in San Antonio, Texas.
* Go-To Transport company is founded in Bay City, Michigan.
* J.L. Weigand Jr. Notre Dame Legal Education Trust is established in Kansas.
* *The Ring of McAllister*, a mystery novel and SAT preparatory book, is published.
* Words Beats & Life, a hip-hop non-profit organization, is formed.

## Births

### January

 File:Jaeden Martell (26274259067).jpg
* January 1 – Nikhil Kumar, table tennis player
* January 2 – Cyrus Arnold, actor
* January 3
	+ Mitchell Budler, soccer player
	+ Joseph Zalinsky, soccer player
* January 4
	+ Aleah Finnegan, gymnast
	+ Jaeden Martell, actor
* January 5 – Sean Bettenhausen, soccer player
* January 6 – MattyBRaps, singer/songwriter, rapper, and dancer
* January 7 – Abel Mendoza, soccer player
* January 9
	+ Tyler Freeman, soccer player
	+ Ricardo Pepi, soccer player
* January 11 – Sota Kitahara, soccer player
* January 12 – Luc Granitur, soccer player
* January 13
	+ Christopher Garcia, soccer player
	+ Toby Kodat, tennis player
	+ Roald Mitchell, soccer player
	+ Reece Ushijima, Japanese-American racing driver
* January 14 – Brittain Gottlieb, soccer player
* January 16
	+ Tyler Boucher, hockey player
	+ Diana Davis, American-born Russian ice dancer
* January 18 – Jonathan Perez, soccer player
* January 19 – Katherine Valli, para badminton player
* January 20 – J. J. McCarthy, football player
* January 21 – Garren Stitt, actor and singer
* January 22
	+ Michael Halliday, soccer player
	+ James Johnson-Brown, actor and voice actor
* January 23
	+ Adrián González, soccer player
	+ Selmir Miscic, soccer player
* January 24 – Felix Barajas, soccer player
* January 27
	+ Cooper Kinney, baseball player
	+ Gabriella Marte, American-born Dominican footballer
	+ Paul Son, soccer player
* January 28 – Carson Hocevar, dirt track and stock car racing driver

### February

 File:Olivia Rodrigo with Dr Fauci 1.png
 File:High school student speaking out against gun violence (Isra Hirsi) (cropped).jpg
* February 1 – Sydney Mikayla, actress
* February 2 – Dusty Henricksen, freestyle snowboarder
* February 4 – Kyla Kenedy, actress
* February 5 – Anthony Ramos, soccer player
* February 10
	+ Max Christie, basketball player
	+ Mauricio Cuevas, soccer player
	+ Sebastian Hernandez, soccer player
* February 13 – Tyler Wolff, soccer player
* February 15 – Tamari Davis, sprinter
* February 16
	+ Matthew Edwards, soccer player
	+ Kayden Pierre, soccer player
* February 20
	+ Kristina García, American-born Dominican footballer
	+ Harlow Jane, actress
	+ Olivia Rodrigo, singer and actress
* February 21
	+ Harry Ford, baseball player
	+ Samantha Gordon, football and soccer player
* February 22
	+ Isra Hirsi, climate activist and daughter of U.S. Congresswoman Ilhan Omar
	+ Yuven Sundaramoorthy, racing driver
* February 25
	+ Isaac Homer, soccer player
	+ Morris Matthews, soccer player
* February 26 – Ethan Hardin, soccer player
* February 28 – Hope Rose, indoor and field hockey player

### March

* March 1
	+ Cesar Cuellar, soccer player
	+ Julian Seinfeld, actor and comedian
* March 6 – Millicent Simmonds[*citation needed*], actress
* March 8
	+ Montana Jordan, actor
	+ Gavin Krenecki, soccer player
	+ Ethan Peters, beauty blogger, makeup artist, and social media personality (d. 2020)
* March 9
	+ Andres Cardenas, soccer player
	+ Sunisa Lee, gymnast
* March 10
	+ Sebastian Nava, soccer player
	+ Gabriella Pizzolo, actress and singer
	+ Elijah Wynder, soccer player
* March 11 – Mikaela Jenkins, Paralympic swimmer
* March 12
	+ Ashley Lin, Chinese-American figure skater
	+ Jack Reddick, singer-songwriter
	+ Malina Weissman, actress and model
* March 15 – Quinn Ewers, football player
* March 17 – Dante Huckaby, soccer player
* March 19 – Chase Stillman, American-born Canadian ice hockey player
* March 20 – Alex Monis, soccer player
* March 22 – Eric Kinzner, soccer player
* March 23 – Jacob Greene, soccer player
* March 26 – Bhad Bhabie, rapper, songwriter, and internet personality
* March 27 – Grant Hampton, soccer player
* March 29 – Max Unkrich, filmmaker

### April

 File:Elsie Fisher Oscars 2019.png
* April 1 – Jeremy Garay, soccer player
* April 3 – Elsie Fisher, actress
* April 4 – Chase Petty, baseball player
* April 5
	+ Jordan Bowers, gymnast
	+ Esequiel Coronel, soccer player
	+ Boima Cummins, soccer player
* April 9
	+ Awonder Liang, chess prodigy
	+ Hayley Faith Negrin, actress
* April 10 – Andrew Painter, baseball player
* April 11 – Blake Pope, soccer player
* April 12 – Omar Salim, American-born Hungarian taekwondo athlete
* April 16
	+ Brynn Cartelli, singer
	+ Kahlil Watson, baseball player
* April 17 – Dante Sealy, soccer player
* April 19
	+ Caleel Harris, child actor and voice actor
	+ Jackson Merrill, baseball player
* April 22 – Vladimir Walent, soccer player
* April 23 – Griffin Dillon, soccer player
* April 28 – Daniel Edelman, soccer player
* April 29
	+ Mitchell Ferguson, soccer player
	+ AJ Francois, American-born Dominican footballer

### May

 File:JoJo Siwa 2 (cropped).jpg
* May 1 – Lizzy Greene, actress
* May 2 – Chaz Lucius, ice hockey player
* May 5 – Danny Leyva, soccer player
* May 7 – Kevin Paredes, soccer player
* May 10
	+ Marcus Ferkranus, soccer player
	+ Gavin George, classical pianist
* May 11
	+ Kendall Brown, basketball player
	+ Daniel Flores, soccer player
* May 13
	+ Jaxson Dart, football player
	+ Jabari Smith Jr., basketball player
* May 14 – Javier Casas, soccer player
* May 15 – Max Kaeser, race car driver
* May 16
	+ Annie Flood, Paralympic volleyball player
	+ Collin McCamy, soccer player
	+ Cole Sillinger, American-born Canadian ice hockey player
	+ Bryan Okoh, American-born Swiss professional footballer
* May 19 – JoJo Siwa, dancer, singer, actress, and YouTube personality
* May 21 – Erwin Martínez, soccer player
* May 24
	+ Cristian Zaragoza, soccer player
	+ Rose Zhang, golfer
* May 27 – Caden Clark, soccer player

### June

* June 1 – Emjay Anthony, actor and model
* June 2 – Jeremy Ray Taylor, actor
* June 3 – Nathan Bittle, basketball player
* June 4 – Brady House, baseball player
* June 11 – Breanna Yde, actress
* June 12 – Joey Wilson, actor
* June 17
	+ Brian Gutiérrez, soccer player
	+ Elizabeth Yeager, indoor and field hockey player
* June 19 – Frank Mozzicato, baseball player
* June 20
	+ Ella Foley, actress
	+ Hans Niemann, chess grandmaster
* June 21 – Issa Mudashiru, soccer player
* June 23 – Cole Dewhurst, soccer player
* June 24 – Marcus Fiesel, murder victim (d. 2006)
* June 25 – Carson Williams, baseball player
* June 26
	+ Ibrahim Chappelle, comedian and actor
	+ Sam Mayer, stock car racing driver
* June 28 – Joshua Baez, baseball player
* June 29 – Alexys Nycole Sanchez, child actress
* June 30 – Fabrizio Bernal, soccer player

### July

 File:Storm reid sc 2020 2.jpg
* July 1
	+ Storm Reid, actress
	+ Brynn Rumfallo, reality television cast member and dancer
* July 5 – Terrell Ransom Jr., actor
* July 7 – Jack McGlynn, soccer player
* July 8 – Major Dodson, actor
* July 11 – Sydney Lucas, child actress
* July 12 – Jax Malcolm, actor
* July 13 – Wyatt Oleff, actor
* July 15 – Taylor Richardson, activist
* July 19
	+ Tyler Downs, Olympic diver and social media personality
	+ Jacob Steinmetz, baseball player
* July 21 – Marvin Gamez, soccer player
* July 29 – Alejandro Alvarado Jr., soccer player

### August

 File:Quvenzhané Wallis 2013.jpg
* August 1 – Nora Kenny, voice actress
* August 5 – Arquimides Ordonez, soccer player
* August 6 – Brandon Huntley-Hatfield, basketball player
* August 8 – Adam Lundegard, soccer player
* August 10 – Joshua Saavedra, soccer player
* August 14 – Tega Ikoba, soccer player
* August 15 – Coby Jones, soccer player
* August 18
	+ Max Charles, actor
	+ Hailey Owens, murder victim (d. 2014)
* August 22 – Christian Nydegger, soccer player
* August 24
	+ Jalen Neal, soccer player
	+ Andre Zuluaga, soccer player
* August 25 – AJ Griffin, basketball player
* August 26
	+ Paxten Aaronson, soccer player
	+ Trevor Keels, basketball player
	+ Emma Rayne Lyle, actress
* August 28
	+ Lexi Underwood, actress
	+ Quvenzhané Wallis, actress

### September

 File:Jack Dylan Grazer by Gage Skidmore 3.jpg
* September 1 – Jonathan Gómez, soccer player
* September 2 – Cristian Nava, soccer player
* September 3
	+ Jack Dylan Grazer, actor
	+ Eileen Gu, Chinese-American freestyle skier
* September 6 – Sean McTague, soccer player
* September 7 – Diego Luna, soccer player
* September 8 – Curtis De Leon, Trinidadian-American soccer player
* September 9 – Luke Hughes, ice hockey player
* September 10 – Carissa Yip, chess player
* September 14 – Lateef Omidiji, soccer player
* September 18 – Aidan Gallagher, actor
* September 26 – Hanna Harrell, figure skater
* September 28
	+ Stella Chesnut, actress
	+ Pilot Lee, actor and professional skateboarder
	+ Caden Stafford, soccer player
* September 30 – Martin Damm, tennis player

### October

 File:Loz hudson yang.png
* October 3 – Caroline Green, ice dancer
* October 4 – Billy Burton, animator, filmmaker and actor
* October 8 – Ángela Aguilar, Mexican-American singer
* October 9 – Landon Barker, drummer
* October 12 – Michael Lenis, soccer player
* October 14
	+ Cade Cowell, soccer player
	+ Raymond Drai, soccer player
* October 15 – Chris Livingston, basketball player
* October 20 – Sophia Gennusa, child actress
* October 24 – Hudson Yang, actor
* October 25 – Tegan Marie, country singer and songwriter
* October 27 – Gavin Lewis, actor
* October 31 – Gerardo Dúran, soccer player

### November

* November 12 – Jett Noland, racing driver
* November 14 – Brandon Jacobson, chess grandmaster
* November 18 – Justin Che, soccer player
* November 20 – Brieana Hallo, American-born Dominican footballer
* November 21 – Ellie Stokes, American-born Saint Kitts and Nevis footballer

### December

* December 1 – Jackson Nicoll, child actor
* December 2 – Evie Clair, musical artist and reality television personality
* December 4 – Jack Jasinski, soccer player
* December 5 – Logan Robot Gladden, musician
* December 9 – Faith Torrez, gymnast
* December 10 – Colin Duffy, professional climber
* December 14 – Kate Finster, pair skater
* December 30 – Nicolette Pierini, child actress

## Deaths

### January

 File:Richard Crenna Luke McCoy 1961.JPG
* January 3 – Sid Gillman, American football player, coach and executive (b. 1911)
* January 4 – Sabine Ulibarrí, poet and critic (b. 1919)
* January 11 – Richard Simmons, actor (b. 1913)
* January 12 – Dean Amadon, ornithologist (b. 1912)
* January 15 – Doris Fisher, singer and songwriter (b. 1915)
* January 17 – Richard Crenna, actor (b. 1926)
* January 20
	+ Al Hirschfeld, cartoonist (b. 1903)
	+ Craig Kelly, snowboarder (b. 1966)
* January 23 – Nell Carter, singer and actress (b. 1948)
* January 29 – Frank Moss, former United States Senator from Utah (b. 1911)

### February

 File:Crew of STS-107, official photo.jpg
 File:Fred Rogers, late 1960s.jpg
* February 1 – crew of the Space Shuttle *Columbia* on mission STS-107:

Michael P. Anderson, astronaut (b. 1959)
David M. Brown, astronaut and physician (b. 1956)
Kalpana Chawla, India-born American astronaut and aerospace engineer (b. 1962)
Laurel Clark, astronaut and physician (b. 1961)
Rick Husband, commander astronaut (b. 1957)
William McCool, astronaut (b. 1961)
Ilan Ramon, Israeli fighter pilot and astronaut (b. 1954)
* February 2 – Lou Harrison, American composer (b. 1917)
* February 10
	+ Edgar de Evia, Mexican-born American photographer (b. 1910)
	+ Ron Ziegler, White House Press Secretary (b. 1939)
	+ Curt Hennig, American wrestler (b. 1958)
* February 16 – Eleanor "Sis" Daley, wife of Chicago mayor Richard J. Daley (b. 1907)
* February 19 – Johnny Paycheck, American singer and songwriter (b. 1938)
* February 20 – Orville Freeman, 29th Governor of Minnesota from 1955 through1959 (b. 1918)
* February 21 – Julie Mitchum, American actress (b. 1914)
* February 23 – Howie Epstein, American musician and producer (b. 1955)
* February 27 – Fred Rogers, American educator, minister, songwriter, writer, and television host (b. 1928)

### March

 File:Michael Jeter at the 44th Emmy Awards cropped.jpg
* March 2 – Hank Ballard, American singer and songwriter (b. 1927)
* March 3 – Ann A. Bernatitus, American U.S. Navy nurse (b. 1912)
* March 9 – Stan Brakhage, American filmmaker (b. 1933)
* March 12
	+ Howard Fast, American novelist (b. 1914)
	+ Lynne Thigpen, American actress (b. 1948)
* March 14 – Amanda Davis, American writer and teacher (b. 1971)
* March 16 – Rachel Corrie, American activist and diarist (b. 1979)
* March 20 – Sailor Art Thomas, American bodybuilder and wrestler (b. 1924)
* March 22 – Milton G. Henschel, American minister and executive (b. 1920)
* March 26 – Daniel Patrick Moynihan, American politician (b. 1926)
* March 30 – Michael Jeter, American actor (b. 1952)
* March 31 - Anne Gwynne, American actress (b. 1918)

### April

 File:Nina Simone 1965.jpg
* April 2 – Edwin Starr American soul singer (b. 1942)
* April 4 – Anthony Caruso, American actor (b. 1916)
* April 8 – Bing Russell, American actor (b. 1926)
* April 11 – Cecil Howard Green, British-American geophysicist and businessman (b. 1900)
* April 17
	+ Robert Atkins, American physician (b. 1930)
	+ Paul Getty, American-born British philanthropist (b. 1932)
	+ Earl King, American singer, songwriter, and guitarist (b. 1934)
* April 20 – Ruth Hale, writer and actress (b. 1908)
* April 21 – Nina Simone, American singer, songwriter, pianist, arranger, and civil rights activist (b. 1933)
* April 22 – Mike Larrabee, American Olympic athlete (b. 1933)
* April 26 – Peter Stone, American screenwriter (b. 1930)

### May

 File:Robert Stack - still.jpg
* May 1 – Miss Elizabeth, American wrestling manager and valet (b. 1960)
* May 3 – Suzy Parker, American model and actress (b. 1932)
* May 9
	+ Carmen Filpi, American actor (b. 1923)
	+ Russell B. Long, American politician (b. 1918)
* May 14 – Robert Stack, American actor and television host (b. 1919)
* May 15 – June Carter Cash, American singer, dancer, songwriter, actress, comedian, and writer (b. 1929)
* May 17 – Pop Ivy, American-Canadian football player and coach (b. 1916)
* May 26 – Kathleen Winsor, American writer (b. 1919)
* May 28 – Martha Scott, American actress (b. 1912)

### June

 File:Gregory Peck 1948.jpg
 File:Katharine Hepburn promo pic.jpg
* June 2
	+ Fred Blassie, American wrestler and manager (b. 1918)
	+ Dick Cusack, American actor, filmmaker and humorist (b. 1925)
	+ Burke Marshall, American civil rights lawyer (b. 1922)
* June 6 – Ken Grimwood, American writer (b. 1944)
* June 10 – Donald Regan, 66th United States Secretary (b. 1918)
* June 11 – David Brinkley, American television journalist (b. 1920)
* June 12 – Gregory Peck, American actor (b. 1916)
* June 14 – Jimmy Knepper, American musician (b. 1927)
* June 15 – Hume Cronyn, Canadian-American actor (b. 1911)
* June 18 – Larry Doby, American baseball player and manager (b. 1923)
* June 20 – Bob Stump, American politician (b. 1927)
* June 21 – Leon Uris, American writer (b. 1924)
* June 23 – Maynard Jackson, American politician (b. 1938)
* June 25 – Lester Maddox, American politician (b. 1915)
* June 26 – Strom Thurmond, American politician (b. 1902)
* June 29 – Katharine Hepburn, American actress (b. 1907)
* June 30 – Buddy Hackett, American comedian and actor (b. 1924)

### July

 File:Bob Hope, 1978.jpg
* July 1 – Herbie Mann, musician (b. 1930)
* July 4 – Barry White, singer and songwriter (b. 1944)
* July 6 – Buddy Ebsen, actor and dancer (b. 1908)
* July 12 – Benny Carter, musician (b. 1907)
* July 15 – Tex Schramm, American football executive (b. 1920)
* July 16
	+ Celia Cruz, Cuban-American singer (b. 1925)
	+ Carol Shields, American-born Canadian writer (b. 1935)
* July 17 – Rosalyn Tureck, pianist and harpsichordist (b. 1913)
* July 25 – Erik Brann, American musician (b. 1950)
* July 27 – Bob Hope, English-American actor, singer, dancer, and comedian (b. 1903)
* July 28 – Greg Guidry, American singer-songwriter (b. 1954)
* July 30 – Sam Phillips, record producer (b. 1923)

### August

 File:Charles Bronson - 1966.JPG
* August 3 – Roger Voudouris, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1954)
* August 4 – Frederick Chapman Robbins, American Nobel pediatrician and virologist (b. 1916)
* August 6 – Julius Baker, American flute player (b. 1915)
* August 9 – Gregory Hines, American actor, singer, dancer, and choreographer (b. 1946)
* August 11 – Herb Brooks, American hockey player and coach (b. 1937)
* August 21 – Wesley Willis, American musician (b. 1963)
* August 23 – Bobby Bonds, American baseball player (b. 1946)
* August 26 – Wilma Burgess, American country musician (b. 1939)
* August 28 – Brian Douglas Wells, criminal and murder victim (b. 1956)
* August 30 – Charles Bronson, American actor (b. 1921)

### September

 File:John Ritter at the 1988 Emmy Awards.jpg
 File:JohnnyCash1969.jpg
 File:Althea Gibson NYWTS.jpg
* September 1
	+ Rand Brooks, American actor (b. 1918)
	+ John Gould, American humorist, essayist, and columnist (b. 1908)
* September 3 – Ma Dunjing, Chinese General, died in Los Angeles, California (b. 1910)
* September 6 – Harry Goz, American actor (b. 1932)
* September 7 – Warren Zevon, American singer, songwriter, and musician (b. 1947)
* September 9
	+ Larry Hovis, American actor (b. 1936)
	+ Edward Teller, Hungarian-American physicist (b. 1908)
* September 11
	+ Joe Hall Morris, American oral surgeon and university educator (b. 1922)
	+ John Ritter, American actor and comedian (b. 1948)
* September 12 – Johnny Cash, American singer, songwriter, musician, and actor (b. 1932)
* September 13 – Frank O'Bannon, 47th Governor of Indiana from 1997 to 2003. (b. 1930)
* September 14 – John Serry Sr., Italian-American musician (b. 1915)
* September 16 – Sheb Wooley, American actor, singer, and songwriter (b. 1921)
* September 22 – Gordon Jump, American actor (b. 1932)
* September 25
	+ Franco Modigliani, Italian-American Nobel economist (b. 1918)
	+ George Plimpton, American journalist, writer, and actor (b. 1927)
	+ Edward Said, Palestinian-American literary critic (b. 1935)
* September 26 – Shawn Lane, American musician (b. 1963)
* September 27 – Donald O'Connor, American actor, singer, and dancer (b. 1925)
* September 28
	+ Althea Gibson, American tennis player (b. 1927)
	+ Elia Kazan, Greek-American director (b. 1909)
* September 30 – Robert Kardashian, American attorney and businessman (b. 1944)

### October

 File:Janice Rule 1973.JPG
 File:Elliott Smith.jpg
* October 3 – William Steig, American cartoonist, illustrator, and writer (b. 1907)
* October 5
	+ Neil Postman, American writer, media theorist, and cultural critic (b. 1931)
	+ Timothy Treadwell, American enthusiast, environmentalist, amateur naturalist, and documentary film maker (b. 1957)
* October 10 – Eugene Istomin, American pianist (b. 1925)
* October 12 – Willie Shoemaker, American jockey (b. 1931)
* October 17 – Janice Rule, American actress (b. 1931)
* October 19
	+ Margaret Murie, American environmentalist and author (b. 1902)
	+ Road Warrior Hawk, American professional wrestler (b. 1957)
* October 20 – Jack Elam, American actor (b. 1920)
* October 21
	+ Fred Berry, American actor (b. 1951)
	+ Elliott Smith, American singer, songwriter, and musician (b. 1969)
* October 22 – Tony Renna, American race car driver (b. 1976)
* October 25 – Robert Strassburg, American conductor, composer, musicologist, and music educator (b. 1915)
* October 27 – Rod Roddy, American television announcer (b. 1937)
* October 29 – Hal Clement, American writer (b. 1922)
* October 31 – Richard Neustadt, American political scientist (b. 1919)

### November

 File:Art Carney - 1959.jpg
 File:Jonathan Brandis Wiki.jpg
 File:Pennysingleton-3 crop.jpg
* November 5
	+ Dorothy Fay, American actress (b. 1915)
	+ Bobby Hatfield, American singer (b. 1940)
* November 6
	+ Crash Holly, American wrestler (b. 1971)
	+ Spider Jorgensen, American baseball player and coach (b. 1919)
* November 9 – Art Carney, American actor (b. 1918)
* November 10 – Irv Kupcinet, American columnist and television personality (b. 1912)
* November 12
	+ Jonathan Brandis, American actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1976)
	+ Kay E. Kuter, American actor (b. 1925)
	+ Penny Singleton, American actress (b. 1908)
* November 13 – Kellie Waymire, American actress (b. 1967)
* November 14 – Gene Anthony Ray, American actor, dancer, and choreographer (b. 1962)
* November 15
	+ Dorothy Loudon, American actress and singer (b. 1925)
	+ Laurence Tisch, American businessman, co-founded the Loews Corporation (b. 1923)
	+ Speedy West, American guitarist and producer (b. 1924)
* November 17 – Don Gibson, American country musician (b. 1928)
* November 18
	+ Patricia Broderick, American playwright and painter (b. 1925)
	+ Michael Kamen, American composer, conductor, and songwriter (b. 1948)
* November 20 – Jim Siedow, American actor (b. 1920)
* November 24 – Warren Spahn, American baseball player (b. 1921)
* November 26 – Soulja Slim, American rapper, songwriter, and murder victim (b. 1977)
* November 30 – Gertrude Ederle, American swimmer (b. 1905)

### December

 File:A photo of Otto Graham.jpg
 File:Hope Lange - 1958 press photo.jpg
* December 3 – Ellen Drew, American actress (b. 1915)
* December 4 – Iggy Katona, American race car driver (b. 1916)
* December 7
	+ Carl F. H. Henry, American theologian and publisher (b. 1913)
	+ Azie Taylor Morton, 36th Treasurer of the United States (b. 1936)
* December 9 – Paul Simon, American politician (b. 1928)
* December 13 – William Roth, American politician (b. 1921)
* December 14 – Jeanne Crain, American actress (b. 1925)
* December 15 – George Fisher, American political cartoonist (b. 1923)
* December 16 – Gary Stewart, American singer, songwriter, and musician (b. 1944)
* December 17 – Otto Graham, American football player and coach (b. 1921)
* December 19 – Hope Lange, American actress (b. 1933)
* December 22 – Dave Dudley, American singer (b. 1928)
* December 27
	+ Iván Calderón, Puerto Rican-American baseball player (b. 1962)
	+ Pete Alvarado, American animator and comic book artist (b. 1920)
* December 29 – Earl Hindman, American actor (b. 1942)
* December 30 – John Gregory Dunne, American writer, screenwriter, literary critic, and journalist (b. 1932)

## See also

* 2003 in American soccer
* 2003 in American television
* List of American films of 2003
* Timeline of United States history (1990–2009)

## References

1. ↑ "William Rehnquist Biography". *biography.com*. A&E Television Networks. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 Williams, Hywel (2005). *Cassell's Chronology of World History*. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 653–656. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
3. ↑ "AP Story: Packers Lose to Falcons, 7-27".
4. ↑ "Washington State's First AMBER Alert Case Still Missing After 18 Years". *missingkids.org*. National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
5. ↑ "U.S.: $1 billion taken by Saddam". *CNN*. May 6, 2003. Archived from the original on 17 March 2010. Retrieved April 21, 2010.
6. ↑ El Nasser, Haya.30 million make Hispanics largest minority group, June 19, 2003, USA Today
7. ↑ "Timeline:Flight BA 223". *BBC News*. February 12, 2004. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
8. ↑ http://www.bizjournals.com/sanantonio/stories/2009/09/07/daily28.html San Antonio Business Journal, September 11, 2009.
9. ↑ Transit Company to Add 105 Jobs in Bay City, *The Bay City Times*
10. ↑ Toppo, Greg (January 9, 2003). "Publishers market line of SAT test prep novels". *Public Opinion*. p. 18. Retrieved June 7, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
11. ↑ "Transforming Individual Lives and Whole Communities Through Hip-Hop" Words Beats & Life. 2011.
12. ↑ Shafer, Ellise (January 11, 2021). "Olivia Rodrigo's 'Drivers License' hits No. 1 across major streaming platforms, earns praise from Taylor Swift". *Variety*. Retrieved April 2, 2021.
13. ↑ "Total Transformation: See Lizzy Greene's Red Carpet Evolution in 14 Pics". *Twist Magazine*.
14. ↑ "Monitor". *Entertainment Weekly* (1274). Aug 30, 2013. p. 20.
15. ↑ Cosgrove-Mather, Bootie (August 31, 2004). "Actor Michael Jeter Dead At 52". *CBS News*. CBSnews.com. Retrieved 2014-02-28.
16. ↑ "Anne Gwynne". *BFI*. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
17. ↑ Krausman, Paul R.; Cain, James W. (2013). *Wildlife Management and Conservation: Contemporary Principles and Practices*. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 222. ISBN 978-1-42140-987-0.
18. ↑ "Obituary: Fred Berry". *The Guardian*. 7 November 2003. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
19. ↑ "Gertrude Ederle | Biography & Facts | Britannica". *www.britannica.com*. Retrieved 7 March 2022.

## External links

* Media related to 2003 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons