recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Steak sauce

**Steak sauce** is a tangy sauce commonly served as a condiment for beef in the United States. Two of its major producers are British companies, and the sauce is similar to the "brown sauce" of British cuisine.

# Overview

Steak sauce is normally brown in color, and often made from tomatoes, spices, vinegar, and raisins, and sometimes anchovies. The taste is either tart or sweet, with a peppery taste similar to Worcestershire sauce. Three major brands in the U.S. are the British Lea & Perrins, the United States Heinz 57, and the British Henderson's A1 Sauce sold in the United States as A1 Steak Sauce. There are also numerous regional brands that feature a variety of flavor profiles. Several smaller companies and specialty producers manufacture steak sauce, as well, and most major grocery store chains offer private-label brands. These sauces typically mimic the slightly sweet flavor of A1 or Lea & Perrins.

Heinz 57 steak sauce, produced by H. J. Heinz Company, is unlike other steak sauces in that it has a distinctive dark orange-yellow color and tastes more like ketchup spiced with mustard seed. Heinz once advertised the product as tasting "like ketchup with a kick".

# See also

* Béarnaise sauce
* Café de Paris sauce
* Compound butter
* Demi-glace
* List of sauces
* Montreal steak seasoning
* Peppercorn sauce
Pond slider

The **pond slider** (*Trachemys scripta*) is a species of common, medium-sized, semiaquatic turtle. Three subspecies are described, the most recognizable of which is the red-eared slider (*T. s. elegans*), which is popular in the pet trade and has been introduced to other parts of the world by people releasing it to the wild. Hatchling and juvenile pond sliders have a greenish upper shell (carapace), yellow bottom shell (plastron), and green and yellow stripes and markings on their skin. These patterns and colors in the skin and shell fade with age until the carapace is a muted olive green to orange brown or brown and the plastron is a dull yellow or darker. Some sliders become almost black with few visible markings. The carapace is oval with a bit of rounding and a central crest with knobs, but these features soften and fade with age, adults being smoother and flatter. For determining an adult slider's sex, males typically have much longer front claws than adult females, while females usually have shorter, more slender tails than males. Their lifespans range from 20–50 years.

# Etymology

The origin of the name slider stems from the behavior of these turtles when startled. Groups of sliders, sometimes quite large, as well as many other types of less abundant freshwater turtles, are often seen basking and sunning on logs, branches, and vegetation at or even well above the water's surface, but they readily and quickly scramble if they sense danger, shooting back in and darting away to safety underwater.

# Distribution

Pond sliders are native to the south-central and southeastern United States and northern Mexico.

# Invasive species

In the 1900s, many pond sliders were captured for sale. In the 1950s, millions of turtles were being farmed and shipped abroad as part of the pet trade.

These turtles often compete with native species for food, habitat, and other resources. Eventually, they bully many native species out of basking sites, where sunlight (and warmth) is available for the species. When basking, pond sliders commonly bask on birds' nests, thereby killing the eggs. They also prey on young birds.

Turtles that were raised in captivity can develop diseases that are unfamiliar to native species, which can be harmful. Turtles raised in captivity are often released because they become too much to handle or grow bigger than expected. Not uncommonly, they also escape.

Conservationists have warned owners of turtles to not release them into the wild. Many states also have passed legislation to control the possession and release of pond sliders. Two states have completely banned the sale of these turtles.

# Subspecies

* *T. s. scripta* – yellow-bellied slider
* *T. s. elegans* – red-eared slider
* *T. s. troostii* – Cumberland slider

Hybridization between yellow-bellied and red-eared sliders is not uncommon where the ranges of the two subspecies overlap.
Pass the parcel

**Pass the parcel** is a classic British party game in which a parcel is passed from one person to another.

In preparation for the game, a prize (or "gift") is wrapped in a large number of layers of wrapping paper or reusable fabric bags of different sizes. Usually, each layer is of a different design so they can be easily distinguished. Smaller prizes or mottos may be placed between some or all other layers of wrapping.

During the game, music is played as the parcel is passed around. Whoever is holding the parcel when the music is stopped removes one layer of wrapping and claims any prize found under that layer. The music is then restarted and the game continues until every layer is removed and the main prize claimed.

The stopping and starting of the music is usually done by an adult who is not taking part in the game. While they should not observe the game in order for it to be fair, in practice they often do to ensure that every participant has a turn, that prizes are well distributed and perhaps that the child whose party it is claims the main prize (or to ensure that a *guest* claims the prize). A fairer alternative is to prepare recordings of short snatches of music.

Variations on the game include allowing participants to remove as many layers of paper as possible (rather than just one) before the music restarts, and including challenges or forfeits on slips of paper in place of mottos.

# See also

* Bagholder
* Musical chairs
* Hot potato
* Passing the buck
Potluck

A **potluck** is a communal gathering where each guest or group contributes a different, often homemade, dish of food to be shared. Other names for a "potluck" include: potluck dinner, shared lunch, spread, faith supper, carry-in dinner, covered-dish-supper, fuddle, Jacob's Join, and fellowship meal.

# Etymology

While there exists some disagreement as to its origin, two principal theories exist: the combination of the English "pot" and "luck," or the North American indigenouscommunal meal *potlatch*. The word *pot-luck* appears in the 16th century English work of Thomas Nashe, and used to mean "food provided for an unexpected or uninvited guest, the luck of the pot." The modern execution of a "communal meal, where guests bring their own food," most likely originated in the 1930s during the Depression.

# Description

Potluck dinners are events where the attendees bring a dish to a meal. Potluck dinners are often organized by religious or community groups, since they simplify the meal planning and distribute the costs among the participants. Smaller, more informal get-togethers with distributed food preparation may also be called potlucks. The only traditional rule is that each dish be large enough to be shared among a good portion (but not necessarily all) of the anticipated guests. In some cases each participant agrees ahead of time to bring a single course, and the result is a multi-course meal. This agreement rectifies the problem of many participants bringing the same dish. Guests may bring in any form of food, ranging from the main course to desserts.

# See also

* Buffet
* Free lunch
* House concert
* Pampa mesa
Pasta salad

**Pasta salad** (Pasta fredda) is a salad dish prepared with one or more types of pasta, almost always chilled, and most often tossed in a vinegar, oil, or mayonnaise-based dressing. It is typically served as an appetizer, side dish or a main course. Pasta salad is often regarded as a spring or summertime meal, but it can be served year round.

# Ingredients

The ingredients used vary widely by region, restaurant, seasonal availability, and/or preference of the preparer. The salad can be as simple as cold macaroni mixed with mayonnaise (a macaroni salad), or as elaborate as several pastas tossed together with a vinaigrette and a variety of fresh, preserved or cooked ingredients. Additional types of pasta may be used, such as ditalini. These can include vegetables, legumes, cheeses, nuts, herbs, spices, meats, poultry, or seafood. Broccoli, carrots, baby corn, cucumbers, olives, onions, beans, chick peas, peppers, and parmesan or feta cheeses are all popular ingredients in versions typically found at North American salad bars.

# Commercial preparations

In Australian and New Zealand cuisine, pasta salad became increasingly popular during the 1990s when commercial versions became more readily available in supermarket stores across both Australia, and New Zealand. It is made of cooked pasta pieces (usually either shell pasta, elbow shaped pasta or penne) covered in mayonnaise and accompanied by carrots, capsicum (bell peppers), and sometimes celery. It is similar in style to the American macaroni salad.

# See also

* List of pasta dishes
* List of salads
Search game

A **search game** is a two-person zero-sum game which takes place in a set called the search space. The searcher can choose any continuous trajectory subject to a maximal velocity constraint. It is always assumed that neither the searcher nor the hider has any knowledge about the movement of the other player until their distance apart is less than or equal to the discovery radius and at this very moment capture occurs. As mathematical models, search games can be applied to areas such as hide-and-seek games that children play or representations of some tactical military situations. The area of search games was introduced in the last chapter of Rufus Isaacs' classic book "Differential Games" and has been developed further by Shmuel Gal and Steve Alpern. The princess and monster game deals with a moving target.

# Strategy

A natural strategy to search for a stationary target in a graph is to find a minimal closed curve L that covers all the arcs of the graph. (L is called a Chinese postman tour). Then, traverse L with probability 1/2 for each direction. This strategy seems to work well if the graph is Eulerian. In general, this random Chinese postman tour is indeed an optimal search strategy if and only if the graph consists of a set of Eulerian graphs connected in a tree-like structure. A misleadingly simple example of a graph not in this family consists of two nodes connected by three arcs. The random Chinese postman tour (equivalent to traversing the three arcs in a random order) is not optimal, and the optimal way to search these three arcs is complicated.

# Unbounded domains

In general, the reasonable framework for searching an unbounded domain, as in the case of an online algorithm, is to use a normalized cost function (called the competitive ratio in Computer Science literature). The minimax trajectory for problems of these types is always a geometric sequence (or exponential function for continuous problems). This result yields an easy method to find the minimax trajectory by minimizing over a single parameter (the generator of this sequence) instead of searching over the whole trajectory space. This tool has been used for the linear search problem, i.e., finding a target on the infinite line, which has attracted much attention over several decades and has been analyzed as a search game. It has also been used to find a minimax trajectory for searching a set of concurrent rays. Optimal searching in the plane is performed by using exponential spirals. Searching a set of concurrent rays was later re-discovered in Computer Science literature as the 'cow-path problem'.
Potato salad

**Potato salad** is a dish made from boiled potatoes and a variety of other ingredients. It is generally considered a side dish, as it usually accompanies the main course. Potato salad is widely believed to have originated in Germany, spreading largely throughout Europe, European colonies and later Asia. American potato salad most likely originated from recipes brought to the U.S. by way of German and European immigrants during the nineteenth century. American-style potato salad is served cold or at room temperature. Ingredients often include mayonnaise or a mayonnaise-like substitute (such as yogurt or sour cream), herbs, and vegetables (such as onion and celery). Asian-style potato salad is similar to American-style potato salad, however, the flavors are described to be more sweet and eggy.

# Japanese Potato Salad ("Potesara")

There is a different variation of potato salad in Japan also known as "potesara". It traditionally consists of mashed boiled potatoes, cucumber, onion, carrot, boiled eggs, and ham mixed with Kewpie [ja] mayonnaise, rice vinegar, and karashi mustard. It is believed that the Japanese version of potato salad is derived from the Russian Olivier salad which was inspired by Western culture. From the 1633 until 1853, Japan was once a "closed country", also known as Sakoku, where nearly all foreign interaction was banned in Japan. During the Meiji Restoration, the ban was lifted and Western customs began to influence parts of Japanese culture such as its cuisine. The origin of the potato salad is theorized to have appeared in 1896 when a Japanese chef attempted to recreate the Olivier salad.  After the first attempt was made, the potato salad recipe gained exposure and became published. The first potato salad recipe to be published in Japan is in the recipe book called the "Western Cooking Method" which called for homemade mayonnaise. However, as Kewpie became a commercial mayonnaise in the 1950’s, it made the potato salad recipe more accessible. By 1972, potesara became a common side dish that was considered the 'most familiar and loved salad' within Japanese households which is now often paired with main dishes. It is most commonly seen in bento boxes, katsu, or in sandos and is usually served cold. As the side dish gained popularity in Japan, it also became a common dish in South Korea.

# See also

* List of salads
* Olivier salad
* Macaroni salad
* Egg salad
Sleepover

A **sleepover** is a social occasion whereby a friend stays overnight at another friend's house. A **pajama party** or **slumber party**is essentially the same thing, but may involve multiple people. A **lock-in** again involves multiple people, but it differs in that it is held in a setting other than a private home, such as a school or church. In all of the aforementioned, it is implicit that the participants are young people, perhaps children or teenagers. The goal of these events is simply to have fun with others. Unlike a traditional play date, however, sleepovers (and its variants) up the ante by having the participants sleep together. This may introduce some social dynamics not normally present in a typical get-together.

# Characteristics

Sleepovers, by their definition, entail long periods of time without adult presence, in an enclosed space, while in the presence of other children. In a lock-in, the participant is also likely far from home (and, true to the term, locked in whatever building they are in). Therefore, a certain level of independence is necessary. In fact, the sleepover is often seen as a rite of passage for a young child or teenager, as they begin to assert independence and to develop social connections outside the immediate family.

# Teen sleepovers

Beginning in the 1990s, commentators wrote about a perceived new trend of parents endorsing sleepovers for teenagers, with both boys and girls staying overnight together. While some writers decried the trend, others defended it as a safer alternative to teenage dating outside the house.
Winter ice cream

**Winter ice cream** (Hungarian: *téli fagylalt* [ˈteːli ˈfɒɟlɒlt] or *téli fagyi* [ˈteːli ˈfɒɟi]) is a Hungarian confectionary similar in appearance to ice cream in a cone, but traditionally having ganache or a similar kind of sweet cream filling with usually a chocolate-cocoa flavoring. It gained popularity in the 1970s in communist Hungary, being produced as a winter alternative to "summer" ice creams, which were deemed to be too cold for winter sweets. Apart from grocery shops, it was frequently sold as part of the national railway's catering service (*utasellátó*). The confectionary's popularity faded in the early 1990s, when, after the end of communism, foreign candy manufacturers and their products appeared on the Hungarian market. However, along with some other snack foods and soft drinks of communist-era Hungary, winter ice cream garnered renewed interest in the late 2000s and 2010s.

# Description

Winter ice cream usually consists of a wafer cone with ganache filling in it, with dark chocolatecoating being on the flat top of the filling.Cheaper formulations may use cocoa-flavored buttercream instead of ganache for filling and compound chocolate instead of dark chocolate for coating. The confectionary was originally mass-produced to be sold in shops, but it is now also available in pâtisseries, and it can be made at home with various novelty flavorings. Traditionally, the available flavorings were cocoa (*kakaós*), vanilla (*vaníliás*), lemon (*citromos*) and coconut(*kókuszos*). The mass-produced variants don't require refrigeration while still having a relatively long shelf life (around 2–4 months). Originally weighting around 40 g or more, modern mass-produced winter ice creams are around 20–30 g.
Pizza bagel

A **pizza bagel** is a bagel with pizza toppings, originating in the United States.

# History

It is commonly accepted that it was not until 1974 at a Western Bagel in Woodland Hills, California, that 17-year-old store clerk Bruce Treitman created what is now known as the pizza bagel: a flattened bagel with marinara sauce and mozzarella cheese.

In early 2014, Katz Bagel Bakery in Chelsea, Massachusetts claimed that Harry Katz invented a variation of this pizza bagel in 1970. Unlike traditional pizza bagels, Katz' version is similar to a miniature pizza. Katz uses bagel dough without the hole, topped with cheese and tomato sauce.

There has been a claim that Anthony DeMauro invented the pizza bagel in 1959 at Amster's Bagel Bakery (now closed) in South Euclid, Ohio. However, it was not until May 26, 1970, when Amster Pizza Bagel, Inc. submitted registration for Pizza Bagels to the US Copyright Office.On October 1, 1970, Amster Pizza Bagel, Inc. registered for a product that contains 6 frozen pizza bagels in folding cartons with a net weight of 11 ounces (310 g). There are also claims that a Long Island-based Entenmann's delivery driver named Frank Cerabino invented the pizza bagel in 1968, having received a surplus of excess bagels from bakeries on his route.

# Other uses

The term "pizza bagel" also means a person of (non-Jewish) Italian and Jewish descent. This is probably because pizza is a food of Italian origin, and bagels are a food of Jewish origin – and a combination of the two is a "pizza bagel."

# Commercial Distribution

The iconic and popular 'Bagel Bites' brand was inspired by the pizza bagel; A miniature, frozen version of the pizza bagel sold in commercial grocery stores.

# See also

* Bagel and cream cheese
* Bialy (pastry)
* List of bread dishes
Parfait

**Parfait** (/pɑːrˈfeɪ/, also UK: /ˈpɑːrfeɪ/, French: [paʁfɛ] (listen); meaning "perfect") describes two types of dessert. In France, where the dish originated, parfait is made by boiling cream, egg, sugar and syrup to create a custard-like puree. The American version includes more ingredients like granola, nuts, yogurt and liqueurs made in combination with a topping of fruits or whipped cream that are layered and served. The oldest known recipe dates back to 1892.

Either type is typically served in tall glassware together with a long spoon known as parfait spoon. The classical **parfait glass** is stemware, with a short stem and a tall slender bowl, often tapered towards the bottom, also used for serving milkshakes.

# France

In France, parfait refers to a frozen dessert made from a base of sugar syrup, egg, and cream. A parfait contains enough fat, sugar, alcohol, and to a lesser extent, air, to allow it to be made by stirring infrequently while freezing, making it possible to create in a home kitchen without specialist equipment. The fat, sugar, alcohol or air interferes with the formation of water crystals, which would otherwise give the ice cream an uncomfortable texture in the mouth. The formation of ice crystals is managed in the making of regular ice cream by agitating the ice cream constantly while it freezes or chemically by adding glycerol. Neither should be necessary when making a high-quality parfait.

# United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, parfait can refer to a very smooth meat paste (or pâté), usually made from liver (chicken or duck) and sweetened with liqueurs.

# United States and Canada

In the United States, *parfait* refers to either the traditional French-style dessert or to a popular variant, the American parfait, made by layering parfait cream, ice cream, and sometimes fruit. It is usually served in a tall clear glass, but can also be served in a short and stubby glass. The clear glass allows the layers of the dessert to be seen. A topping is usually created with whipped cream, fresh or canned fruit, or liqueurs.

Recent trends in the United States and Canada have introduced parfaits without cream or liqueurs. These are made by simply layering yogurt with granola, nuts, and/or fresh fruits (such as peaches, strawberries, or blueberries). This version is sometimes called a *yogurt parfait* or *fruit parfait*. Vegan parfaits are also available.
Piñata cookie

A **piñata cookie** is a sugar cookie that is shaped and colored like a piñata and filled with various small candies which spill out when the cookie is broken. Piñata cookies may be multicolored, which involves preparing separate batches of cookie dough and dyeing them different colors. The dough is then layered into a loaf with the various colors being separated A cookie cutter may be used to create various shapes. After the cookies are baked, they are further prepared by creating a hollow pocket, inside which the fillings are placed. They may be filled with candies, such as miniature M&Ms candy, chocolate buttons, or other ingredients. They are then sealed using frosting. Piñata cookies are sometimes prepared for Cinco de Mayo. Common ingredients in the dough's preparation include flour, vegetable oil, butter, sugar, powdered sugar, eggs, cream of tartar, vanilla, salt, food coloring and baking soda. The piñata cookie was invented by Sandra Denneler in 2011, the recipe going viral online the next year. Similar desserts with a piñata-style filling include cakes, cupcakes and ice cream cones.

# See also

* + Cookie decorating
	+ List of cookies
Warming up

**Warming up** is a preparation for physical exertion or a performance by exercising or practicing gently beforehand, usually undertaken before a performance or practice. Athletes, singers, actors and others warm up before stressing their muscles. It is widely believed to prepare the muscles for vigorous actions and to prevent muscle cramps and injury due to overexertion.

# Exercise

A warm up generally consists of a gradual increase in intensity in physical activity (a "pulse raiser"), joint mobility exercise, and stretching, followed by the activity. For example, before running or playing an intensive sport, athletes might slowly jog to warm their muscles and increase their heart rate. It is important that warm ups be specific to the activity, so that the muscles to be used are activated. The risks and benefits of combining stretching with warming up are disputable, although it is generally believed that warming up prepares the athlete both mentally and physically.

# Stretching

Stretching is part of some warm up routines, although a study in 2013 indicates that it weakens muscles in that situation. There are 3 types of stretches: ballistic, dynamic, and static:

* Ballistic Stretches involve bouncing or jerking. It is purported to help extend limbs during exercise, promoting agility and flexibility.
* Static Stretches involve flexing the muscles. This may help prevent injury and permit greater flexibility and agility. Note that static stretching for too long may weaken the muscles.
* Dynamic Stretching involves moving the body part in the desired way until reaching the full range of motion, to improve performance.

# Warming up in other contexts

Psychologists, educators, and similar professionals use "warm ups" in therapeutic or learning sessions before starting or after a break; these warm ups can include vocal and physical exercises, interactive and improvisational games, role plays, etc.

# Benefits

### **Preventing injury**

There has been contradictory evidence in terms of benefits of comprehensive warm ups for preventing injury in football (soccer) players, with some studies showing some benefit while other showing no benefit. It has been suggested that it is specifically warm ups aimed at increasing body temperature, rather than targeting stretching, which can prevent injury. Warming up before an eccentric exercise has been shown to reduce the severity of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS).

### **Increasing performance**

In baseball, warm up swings using a standard weight bat are effective in increasing batting speed. In a 2010 meta-analysis, the authors concluded that in about four-fifths of the studies there was improvement in performance with various physical activities with warm ups as opposed to without warm ups. An increase in body temperature, specifically in the muscles, improves explosive skeletal muscle performance (e.g., jumping and sprinting).

# See also

* Cooling down
* Sportswear
Wrap (food)

A **wrap** is a food dish made with a soft flatbread rolled around a filling.

The usual flatbreads are wheat tortillas, lavash, or pita; the filling usually consists of cold sliced meat, poultry, or fish accompanied by shredded lettuce, diced tomato or pico de gallo, guacamole, sauteed mushrooms, bacon, grilled onions, cheese, and a sauce, such as ranch or honey mustard.

# History

People in Mexico, Mediterranean, and South Asia have been eating wraps since before and around the 1900s. Mexicans refer to them as burritos, and they come in different ingredient varieties, primarily wheat flour or corn, typically filled with meat, beans, rice, cheese, and other ingredients.

The wrap in its Western form probably comes from California, as a generalization of the Mexican and Tex-Mex burrito, and became popular in the 1990s. It may have been invented and named at a southern California chain called "I Love Juicy" in the early 1980s. The OVO Bistro in NYC introduced its wrap sandwich in 1990 under the name "The King Edward," The Bobby Valentine Sports Gallery Cafe in Stamford, Connecticut is sometimes claimed to have invented the wrap at about the same time, but Valentine is diffident about it: "Well, that's legend and folklore, but until somebody disputes me or comes up with a better story, I'll say I invented the wrap." Beth Dolan of Stamford, Connecticut is the waitress credited for serving the first wrap after the restaurant had run out of bread. Moreover, Valentine's own story dates his use of the *name* 'wrap' to the mid-1990s, after it is documented in California. San Francisco-based chain World Wrapps, which opened its first location in February 1995, is credited with popularizing the wrap nationwide.

# Wraps in public eating places

In the 1900s, Kati roll became a popular street-food in Kolkata, India, with kebab wrapped in paratha bread; although over the years many variants have evolved all of which now go under the generic name of kati roll. Restaurants such as Camille's Sidewalk Cafe, Sonic Drive-In, Jason's Deli, Buffalo Wild Wings, Subway, Chick-fil-A, Roly Poly and McAlister's Deli serve wraps. KFC now serves its chicken in a wrap as menu choice, with lettuce, mayonnaise and salsa. McDonald's has a snack wrap, with a fried, or grilled chicken strip, lettuce, cheddar, and ranch dressing. Smokey Bones Barbeque and Grill has recently introduced a Portobello Chicken Wrap to broaden their selection of grilled menu items.

# See also

* Afghani burger
* Burrito
	+ Breakfast burrito
* Cheese roll
* Dürüm
* Gyro (food)
* List of sandwiches
* Kati roll
* Ssam
Woolly and Tig

**Woolly and Tig** is a British series of 5-minute live action comedies about a five-year-old girl (Tig) and her toy spider (Woolly).

The episodes focus on the feelings that children may have when faced with new experiences. Woolly talks Tig through how she is feeling and possible solutions.

The character of Tig is played by three year old Betsy McCredie; Dad is played by Colin McCredie (Betsy’s actual father); Mum is played by Jenny Ryan (Betsy’s Aunt) and the series is narrated by Maisie McCredie (Betsy’s older sister).

One of the directors is Andrew Agnew, who played PC Plum in the children's series *Balamory*. Woolly and Tig is produced by Tattie Moon.

# Summary

Each episode shows the main character, Tig Jameson, in a different situation, e.g being afraid of thunder or staying away from home. Her toy spider, Woolly, helps her overcome these situations by telling her what to think. It then cuts to Tig sorting out these problems. The episode finishes with someone getting frightened by Woolly, and Tig saying "It's only a toy spider" and "I love Woolly".

# Episodes

The BBC CBeebies page dedicated to the programme lists 30 episodes, with a summary of each.

* Series 1 (2012)

1. Baby Ben
2. The Funfair
3. The Dance Class
4. Hair Wash Day
5. Losing Things
6. First Day
7. The Clown
8. Eating New Foods
9. Open Wide
10. Timmy's Monsters
11. One Step at a Time
12. Fire Alarm
13. Swing Park
14. The Beard
15. Changing My Room
16. Museum of Imagination
17. Sharing
18. The Party
19. The Painting Day
20. Granny No No
21. The Bus Ride
22. Hospital
23. Choosing
24. Big Stomps
25. Splash
26. Busy
27. Supermarket
28. Hair Cut
29. The Dog
30. Sleepover

* Series 2 (2013)

1. Sandcastle
2. The Birthday Present
3. Pandas
4. Piano
5. Echoes
6. Getting Better
7. Fussy
8. I Don't Smile
9. Waiting
10. Flying
11. Excited
12. Funny Tummy
13. The Hat
14. Mountain
15. Quiet
16. Chuff
17. My Favourite Dinosaur
18. Dobbin
19. Fireworks
20. Holding Hands
21. The Wedding
22. Thunder
23. Subway
24. Rain
25. Shadows

* Special episodes (10 minutes):

1. Holiday Special: Hola (broadcast 26/8/2013)
2. Halloween (broadcast 31/10/2013)
3. Hogmanay (broadcast 31/12/2013)
4. The Play (broadcast 26/02/2014)
5. Going to School (broadcast 19/8/2014)
6. Harvest Supper (broadcast 1/10/2014)
7. Christmas Magic (broadcast 19/12/2014)
Princess cake

**Princess cake** (Swedish: *prinsesstårta*) is a traditional Swedish layer cake or torte consisting of alternating layers of airy sponge cake, pastry cream, and a thick-domed layer of whipped cream. The cake is covered by a layer of marzipan, giving it a smooth rounded top. The marzipan overlay is usually green, sprinkled with powdered sugar, and often decorated with a pink marzipan rose. The original recipe first appeared in the 1948 *Prinsessornas kokbok* cookbook, which was published by Jenny Åkerström (1867-1957), teacher of the three daughters of Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland. While the original recipe did not contain any fruit, modern versions may include layers of jam or fresh fruit, usually raspberries. Variants with other colours of marzipan are occasionally called *prinstårta* (prince cake) for yellow marzipan and *operatårta* (opera cake) for red or pink marzipan.

The cake was originally called *grön tårta* (green cake), but was given the name *prinsesstårta* or "princess cake" because the princesses were said to have been especially fond of the cake. The princesses were Princess Margaretha (1899–1977; later Princess of Denmark), Princess Märtha (1901–1954; later Crown Princess of Norway), and Princess Astrid (1905–1935; later Queen of the Belgians).

# See also

* Frog cake, a broadly similar Australian dessert
* List of cakes
Sandwich cookie

A **sandwich cookie**, also known as a **sandwich biscuit**, is a type of cookie made from two thin cookies with a filling between them. Many types of fillings are used, such as cream, ganache, buttercream, chocolate, cream cheese, jam, peanut butter, lemon curd, or ice cream.

# List of sandwich cookies/biscuits

* Bourbon biscuit, thin rectangular dark chocolate–flavoured biscuits with a chocolate buttercream filling
* Custard cream, creamy, custard-flavoured centre between flat biscuits
* E.L. Fudge Cookies, butter-flavored shortbread cookies with a fudge creme filling
* Hydrox, creme-filled chocolate sandwich cookie manufactured by Leaf Brands
* Ice cream sandwich, frozen dessert consisting of ice cream between two wafers, cookies, or other similar biscuit
	+ Chipwich, ice cream sandwich made of ice cream between two chocolate chip cookies and rolled in chocolate chips
* Jammie Dodgers, shortbread with a raspberry or strawberry flavoured jam filling
* Macaron, sweet meringue-based confection
* Maple leaf cream cookies, maple leaf-shaped cookies with maple cream filling
* Milano (cookie), thin layer of chocolate sandwiched between two biscuit cookies
* Monte Carlo (biscuit), sweet biscuits sandwiching a creamy filling
* Moon Pie, marshmallow sandwiched between two graham cracker cookies and dipped in a flavored coating
* Nutter Butter, peanut-shaped cookies with a peanut butter filling
* Nutty Bars, wafers with peanut butter and covered in chocolate
* Oreo, a line of sandwich cookies—most notably a creme-filled chocolate sandwich cookie modelled after Hydrox manufactured by Mondelez International
* Prince de LU, biscuits with chocolate cream
* SnackWell's creme sandwich, an oblong fat-free cookie
* Tim Tam, malted biscuit cookies with a chocolate cream filling, with a chocolate coating
* Wafer, a crisp, often sweet, very thin, flat, and dry biscuit
* Wagon Wheels, biscuits with marshmallow filling, covered in a chocolate
* Whoopie pie, round, mound-shaped pieces of cake with a sweet, creamy filling
* Oatmeal Creme Pie, hand mounded oatmeal cookies with a creme filling

# See also

* Ice cream sandwich
* Cookie § Classification
* Dirt cake
* List of cookies
Seven minutes in heaven

**Seven minutes in heaven** (or **seven minutes in the closet**) is a kissing party game mostly played at teenage parties. The game may also be played with a different duration.

# The game

Two people are selected to go into a closet or other dark enclosed space and do whatever they like for seven minutes. It is common for the participants to kiss or make out, but they may instead choose to talk, engage in sexual activity, or simply do nothing at all and wait for the time to expire.

The participants can be selected by various methods, such as spinning a bottle, drawing lots, or votes.

# History

The game has been recorded as early as 1953.

# In popular culture

The game has been played or referenced in movies such as *Seven Minutes in Heaven* (1985), *Teen Wolf* (1985), *13 Going on 30* (2004), and *Good Luck Chuck* (2007). TV or web series to feature the game include the *Boy Meets World* episode "Fear Strikes Out" (1994), the *Family Guy* episode "And the Wiener Is..." (2001), the *King of the Hill* episode "Get Your Freak Off" (2002), the *Bernie Mac Show* episode "The Talk" (2004), the *Paris Hilton's My New BFF* episode "You Gotta Have Class" (2008), the web series *7 Minutes in Heaven with Mike O'Brien* (2011), season 7 episode 18 of *Modern Family* "The Party" (2015–16), the *Daredevil* episode "Seven Minutes in Heaven" (2016), the *Everything Sucks!* episode "Romeo & Juliet in Space" (2018), the *Adventure Time* episode "Slumber Party Panic" (2010) and the *Little Fires Everywhere* episode "Picture Perfect" (2020). In the horror-comedy *The Babysitter: Killer Queen*, the male and female leads play "2 Minutes in Heaven" with three other teenagers, the host claiming two minutes is "more realistic".

Musical references to the game include the Fall Out Boy song "7 Minutes in Heaven (Atavan Halen)" (2005) and in the Britney Spears song "Slumber Party" (2016).

Theatrical references to the game include the Steven Levenson play *Seven Minutes in Heaven* (2009).
San Diego Unified School District

**San Diego Unified School District** (formerly known as **San Diego City Schools**) is the school district based in San Diego, California, United States. It was founded in 1854. As of 2005 it represents over 200 institutions and has over 15,800 employees. The average teacher in the district makes around $67,000 a year, with a benefit package worth around $24,000 a year. The district includes 113 elementary schools, 24 middle schools, 4 atypical schools, 10 alternative schools, 27 high schools and 25 charter schools.

# School board

The district is governed by a five-member elected board of education. Board members are elected by district for four-year terms.

# Superintendent

The superintendent is appointed by the school board. From 2010 through 2013 the superintendent was Bill Kowba, a retired Navy rear admiral. On February 26, 2013, Kowba announced his retirement, effective June 30. The next day, February 27, the school board unanimously appointed elementary school principal Cindy Marten as the new superintendent. The quick appointment, without a search process or community input, was described as "highly unusual - virtually unheard of" by the *San Diego Union Tribune*.

# Schools

List of primary and secondary schools in San Diego organized by district

# Partnership with Ocean Discovery Institute

In 2017, the district partnered with the Ocean Discovery Institute, a nonprofit that works to teach kids about science and conservation, to bring a $15 million tuition-free learning and research center to the City Heights neighborhood. The building will be a permanent campus for the nonprofit and will include two laboratories, a garden, a community kitchen and a residence for a live-in staff member. The Living Lab allows the nonprofit to reach all 10,000 students that attend and feed into Hoover High School.

# Farm to School Program

In 2010, the district launched a farm to school program in an effort to bring locally grown produce to schools. The program seeks to provide students access to as much local, regional, and California grown produce as possible. In addition to produce grown at farms, the district has a Garden to Café program which allows schools to be certified by the San Diego Department of Environmental Health allowing the school to grow and serve their own produce.

# See also

San Diego Unified School district is the second largest school district in California and the largest in San Diego County. The district covers most of San Diego with the exception of San Ysidro, which is served by San Ysidro Elementary School District and Sweetwater Union High School District.
Corn maze

A **corn maze** or **maize maze** is a maze cut out of a corn field. Originally, the first full-size corn maze was believed to be created in Annville, Pennsylvania in 1993; however, similar corn mazes were highlighted in newspapers as early as 1982. Corn mazes have become popular tourist attractions in North America, and are a way for farms to generate tourist income. Many are based on artistic designs such as characters from movies. Corn mazes appear in many different designs. Some mazes are even created to tell stories or to portray a particular theme. Most have a path which goes all around the whole pattern, either to end in the middle or to come back out again, with various false trails diverging from the main path. In the United Kingdom, they are known as *maize mazes*, and are especially popular with farms in the east of England. These mazes are normally combined with other farm attractions of interest to families and day trippers. Some of these attractions include hay rides, a petting zoo, play areas for children, and picnic areas. Each year a few of the mazes are featured in national newspapers and TV. In the U.S., corn mazes typically are cut down circa the first week of November; in the UK typically in September after children return to school. As of 2014, the Guinness World Record for largest corn maze was 60 acres (24 ha), created by Cool Patch Pumpkins in Dixon, California.

# Creation

In order for farmers to create a corn maze they must carefully plan their production, design, and marketing techniques in advance.

1. Planting the correct variety of corn is important for the success of a corn maze. Farmers must consider stalk strength and height when selecting the right hybrid to plant.
2. Farmers must watch for stalk rot since it is one of the most frequently observed diseases. Key factors for stalk rot include improper fertilization, moisture stress, and disease development.
3. Moderate plant population (about 20,000 plants per acre) would be considered ideal. If moderate plant population is not followed crop crowding can occur.
4. Since farmers planting for corn mazes are not growing the crop for maximum yield they should not apply too much nitrogen fertilizer. Rutgers Cooperative Research and Extension recommends the total nitrogen rate for the season should not exceed about 125 pounds per acre (140 kg per hectare).
5. Corn maze crops should be planted from mid to late May in the northern hemisphere, or mid to late November in the southern hemisphere. This is two to three weeks later than crops being planted for grain.
6. When cutting the walkways farmers must cut the internal growing point of the stalk off to avoid regrowth. Some farmers use herbicides, roto-tillers, or mowers to cut the walkways.

# See also

* Agritourism
* Hedge maze
* Straw maze
* Crop circle
* Halloween Cornfield Maze
Peter Piper Pizza

**Peter Piper Pizza** is an Arizona-based pizza and entertainment company with locations in Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas and Mexico. Restaurants have a large dining area as well as a game room.

# History

Anthony "Tony" Cavolo founded Peter Piper Pizza in Arizona in 1973. The first Peter Piper opened in Glendale, Arizona. There are 149 restaurants in the United States and Mexico. In 1995, Peter Piper acquired its hometown competitor Pistol Pete's Pizza. In 1992, Peter Piper Inc. was acquired by The Venture West Group. The company was sold again to ACON Investments in 2007. CEC Entertainment, Inc., owners of the Chuck E. Cheese restaurant chain, acquired the company in October 2014. CEC Entertainment, Inc., Peter Piper Pizza's parent company, filed for bankruptcy in 2020 due to the significant financial strain brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic.

# 2014 rebranding

In March 2014, Peter Piper Pizza redesigned its logo utilizing a serif font face following an abstract design. The new logo was created by WD Partners as part of an effort to connect "with Gen X and Millennial parents." The updated design was widely panned.
Recreation room

A **recreation room** (also known as a **rec room**, **rumpus room**, **play room**, **playroom**, or **ruckus room**) is a room used for a variety of purposes, such as parties, games and other everyday or casual use. The term is common in the United States, the term rumpus room is common in Australia, New Zealand and Canada, but is less common in the United Kingdom where the preferred term is **games room**. Often children and teenagers entertain their friends in the rec room, which is often located in the basement, away from the main living areas of the house. Usually it is a larger space than a living room to have the ability to serve multiple purposes and entertain moderately large groups.

# Contents

Recreation rooms can have many themes and contents.

### **Entertainment**

Recreation rooms are normally centered on some form of entertainment, typically an audio/video setup. This can consist of something as elaborate as a projection screen with surround sound or something as simple as a base model television.

### **Seating**

Couches, pub tables/chairs, bar stools, and recliners may all be used in recreation rooms.

### **Games**

Tabletop games are frequent in recreation rooms. In addition to games played on a normal table, recreation rooms sometimes include custom game tables for table tennis (ping pong), table football (foosball), table shuffleboard, air hockey, or billiards (pool). Custom tables for casino games such as poker, blackjack, and craps are also common. Other games include dart boards and arcade games such as pinball and video games.

### **Food and drink**

Fridges, microwave ovens, wet bars, popcorn makers, ice cream makers, soda fountains, and classic soda coolers can sometimes be found in recreation rooms.

# See also

* Den (room)
* Home cinema
* Great room
* Living room
* Man cave
Strawberry ice cream

**Strawberry ice cream** is a flavor of ice cream made with strawberry or strawberry flavoring. It is made by blending in fresh strawberries or strawberry flavoring with the eggs, cream, vanilla and sugar used to make ice cream. Most strawberry ice cream is colored pink or light red. Strawberry ice cream dates back at least to 1813, when it was served at the second inauguration of James Madison. Along with vanilla and chocolate ice cream, strawberry is one of the three flavors in Neapolitan ice cream. Variations of strawberry ice cream include strawberry cheesecake ice cream and strawberry ripple ice cream, which is vanilla ice cream with a ribbon of strawberry jam or syrup. Some ice cream sandwiches are prepared neapolitan-style, and include strawberry ice cream.

# See also

* Chocolate ice cream
* Neapolitan ice cream
* Vanilla ice cream
* List of strawberry dishes
Supernanny

***Supernanny*** is a British reality television programme about parents struggling with their children's behaviour, mealtime, potty training, etc. The show features professional nanny Jo Frost, who devotes each episode to helping a family where the parents are struggling with their child-rearing. Through instruction and observation, she shows the parents alternative ways to discipline their children and regain order in their households. Frost is a proponent of the "naughty chair" theory of discipline and is strictly opposed to smacking. The programme aired on Channel 4 from 7 July 2004 to 8 October 2008. A follow-up programme titled *Jo Frost: Extreme Parental Guidance* ran from 9 February 2010 to 5 August 2012. *Supernanny* has been adapted in other countries, including an American version (also with Jo Frost).

# History

*Supernanny* was originally broadcast in the UK on Channel 4 on 7 July 2004, following the success of Channel 4's *Cutting Edge* programme "Bad Behaviour." *Supernanny* is one of Channel 4's most popular shows, reaching nearly 5 million viewers in the first series, with consistently high ratings throughout the series.

The premiere episode for the third series attracted 3.1 million viewers with a 14% audience share. These values are half of those from the previous two series.

# Reception

In their book *Handbook of Psychological Assessment, Case Conceptualization, and Treatment, Children and Adolescents*, Michel Hersen and David Reitman state, "With considerable skill, *Super Nanny* Jo Frost implements standard, evidence-based contingency management procedures, as well as heavy evidence of creating alternative positive activity structures." The show has had its critics, and not all child-care experts agree with her approach. Some people find that the children's right to privacy has been violated and that children are embarrassed when put on the "naughty step". Newcastle University media and cultural-studies lecturer Tracey Jensen believes that the format results in the mother being "shamed before she is transformed".

The show, viewed by six million people in its first year, was an "instant success." Shows were created in 48 countries by 2014 that were tailored after *Supernanny*.

# Home media

A DVD release of *Supernanny* entitled *When Little Kids Cause Big Headaches*was released in the UK on 12 April 2010.

# International versions

*Supernanny* has been broadcast or slightly adapted in other countries.