The People's Republic of Kremwell

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*"If this great nation wasn't shackled to those thugs on the throne, then it'd shoot for the stars." - Jacob Smith*

## History

### Preceded by

People's Republic of Kremwell (1812-1814)The Empire of Kremwell (1104-1812)

### Succeeded by

N/A

The People's Republic of Kremwell is a uni-cameral parliamentary democracy currently bordering the Republic of Arracia, the Federal Republic of Obechliand. The country is ruled by the "People's National Common House" which consists of 400 seats in various districts of the nation. Citizens vote on MPs (Members of Parliament) to represent their district. The current ruling party is the "Social Democratic Party of Kremwell" which holds a dominant 335 seats out of 400. The current Prime-Minister is Roe Wainwright, who is currently serving his third consecutive term in office.

## Economy

The economy of Kremwell is primarily based on colonial mercantilism, which is a system in which the mother-nation (Kremwell) processes or manufactures goods using resources bought from the colonies, which the mother-nation would in turn sell back or give back to the colonies. Kremwell initally adopted this model when the Republic was first declared, however, over years and years of further investment and industrialization, Kremwell has deviated and began heavily investing into their colonies and further colonial ventures, primarily in Alaeque, and forming industrial centers overseas. This investment has caused several massive spikes in GDP for the Kremwelli economy, as their colonies became less dependents and more symbiotic partners.

## Historic Ideologies of Kremwell

### Smithsonian Socialism

Smithsonian Socialism is a branch of socialism which specifically advocates for the proletariet, or according to Smith, "the workers" to formally re-distribute wealth more equality, ensure social equality across all Kremwelli people, and secure the means of production. Smith's branch of socialism primarily believed that the means of production could be given to the workers through massive mandatory public unions for all sectors in the workplace, and massive state control over limited private industry. In addition, Smith believed in radical anti-imperialism (For the time) and in many of his lost essays, advocated for decolonization and a total dismantling of the Kremwelli Imperial Apparatus. Unfortunately, this part of his work went ignored and many of Smith's essays on this topic have been lost.

### Kremwelli Communism

Considered by many as a vintage ideology, Kremwelli Communism was formed during the 1780s and 90s as a continuation of Smithsonian Socialism and a "Final Solution" to the inequality of the old Empire. Kremwelli Communism, unlike Communism advocated for in Arracia, believes that a highly statist and authoritarian state is a necessary step in order to achieve full equality. When true equality between all is finally achieved (both economically and socially), the state can then be abolished, and the country be run by a series of public trade unions, who will represent all and ensure that the means of production for the workers are maintained and protected. This contrasts heavily with Arracian Communism, which abhors statism, and believes that true equality can only be achieved through a series of autonomous zones run for the people, by the people.

## History of Kremwell

### The Kremwelli Civil War

#### Prelude

The driving force of the revolution, and the eventual civil war, was mainly fuelled by the nation's disastrous defeat in the Wars of Liberation, largely attributed to mismanagement by the monarch, William the Immature, although a general decline in living standards and services prior to the war also contributed greatly. This was largely attributed to now rampant corruption on the behest of Imperial officials and the monarchy, since millions of teals worth of tax money meant for infrastructure, the Imperial army, or citizen care programs were stolen and used to fund personal desires. By the 1750s, this issue had grown to its zenith. In 1781, historians estimate that upwards of 20-25% of the Empire's tax revenue did not go to its intended service, and was instead pocketed. This led to obvious results. Roads all over the empire began to fall into disrepair. Programs that were instituted to help the people fell to the wayside. Conquest and colonization efforts ground to a halt after Obechliand, because the Army mysteriously never received their new equipment or troops. The people began to grow discontent. This did not stop with the crowning of the new Emperor, Winston XII (1793 - 1812), or as he's better known, Winston the Immature.

Winston the Immature differed from his predecessors. He was still corrupt, however unlike previous Emperors, he flaunted his skimmed tax money and left no doubt to the people as to why their lives were getting worse. This would prove to be a grave mistake. The people of the Empire, fueled by anger at their rapidly declining living conditions and blatant corruption in the monarchy, began to protest and riot. In addition, numerous localized anti-monarchist groups and societies began to form.

#### Violence Begins

By the turn of the 1800s, tensions were reaching breaking points, and protests began to turn to riots. In response, Emperor Winston formed secret police units and began to reorganize the military to concentrate on revolt suppression. This for several years worked, as thousands were killed in what is referred to as "The Great Cleansing". Unfortunately for the monarchy, the relative success of the secret police and the army would not last. By 1803, the people once again began to riot, and were not cowed by open kidnappings and executions conducted by the government. Thanks to figures like Jacob Smith, and William Tunnercliffe, the people now had a banner, a movement, and a unified goal. The "Unified People's Justice Front" rapidly grew and by 1804, it had well over 2 million members. While the moderate factions of the movement backed the war effort, and persecution slowed during the war as the army headed to the front lines, Kremwell had already become an incredibly unstable nation, which contributed to its defeat despite a respite in revolutionary activities. The radical factions of the UPJF nevertheless continued the formation of an insurgent movement.

#### Post-Monarchy Civil War

The poor state of the Kremwellian military at the conclusion of the Wars of Liberation allowed the UPJF insurgency to take control of the nation with little organized opposition. By 1814, the UPJF had largely consolidated its position, and the monarchy fled to the colonies. However, the lack of a unifying opposition spelt doom for the UPJF, as internal squabbles between the Socialist, Agrarian and Liberal factions erupted into violence in the unstable People's Republic in an effectual continuation of the civil war.

By 1814, the radical socialist faction managed to exert control over much of the country, and imposed its authority with increasing brutality, attracting international ire. Millions were executed, or died by famine of disease during the power consolidation efforts of the radical UPJF, a number far surpassing the thousands killed during the monarchical era. However, the last straw for the international community came in late October of 1814, when the Kremwell UPJF publicly formed branches in Arracia, Lentenia, Obechliand, and Raszovia. Suspected of attempting to export the revolution abroad, an international coalition spearheaded by Arracia toppled the People's Republic.

After several months of occupation, the international coalition handed rule back to the Kremwellian parliament, the largely powerless legislature during the Kremwellian Empire in 1814. The new parliament held its first elections in 1815, which resulted in a strong majority for the conservative Centralist Party, the only party allowed to run by international supervisors. Prime Minister Victor Lannestur is sworn in as the first post-war leader of Kremwell.

### Early Post-War Kremwell

Backed by the Kremwellian colonial armies, which had been sent to enforce order in the homeland, Prime Minister Lannestur begins the "Purification" in 1817, two years after his election, sending thousands of suspected revolutionaries to an early grave. The campaign is heavily denounced by Arracia, although the Arracia continues to covertly supply and fund Lannestur's forces, as well as deport Kremwellian political refugees. Despite this, thousands of Kremwellian revolutionaries and refugees escape deportation, and settle largely in the Érard province of Arracia, where they continue to influence Arracian left-wing politics to this day. Kremwell enters a period dominated by centre-right politics, whose rule is shadowed by the atrocities of the Lannestur government. Colonial expansion continues to occur, with the colonies of Rhedonia and New Caledon founded in 1823 and 1824, respectively.

The Textiles Boom arrives in Kremwell in the 1840s. Fuelled by cheap cotton from the Alaequan continent, Kremwell begins to industrialize once more. It is during this time period the Kasnerite liberal party, the Radical Party emerges as the first effective opposition party to the Centralists. Breaking the Centralist hegemony, they win the 1842, 1846, and 1850 elections and usher in a period of political and economic liberalization, undoing the Mackensian economics that had dominated Kremwellian political thought during the 1820s-40s.

Sparked by the collapse of the oversaturated textiles market, and a drought in the Alaequan continent, the Textiles Bust occurs in 1853 with drastic socioeconomic consequences across Eurysia. In Kremwell, the political domination of the Radical party in the previous decade is broken, and the Kasnerite policies of the Radicals exacerbate economic conditions. The 1853 emergency elections sees a reformed Centralist Party under steel magnate William Vauxhall.

Fearful of revolution, Vauxhall turns to populism and authoritarianism. Embracing the economic theories of Frederic Mackenson, Vauxhall turns the Centralist party into an overtly statist, party revolving around himself, effectively turning the party into a party following the principles of Kremwellian Communism. Through overblown fear mongering on the possibility of revolution, and fostering intense resentment to Kasnerite economics, along with espousing populist ideals, Vauxhall forges an unlikely alliance between rural conservatives, trade unions, and the aristocracy. The Centralist Party, in a bid to further support, and distance itself from its legacy under Lannestur, is renamed to the "Social Democratic Party" by Vauxhall.

Prime Minister Vauxhall, acquiring dictatorial powers through an emergency decree, forces reform in the private sector, and works to silence opponents. In 1854, the East Obech population, the Radical Party's staunchest supporters, are deported en masse to the jungles of the Kremwellian colony of Rhedonia. Out of the 3 million deported, 2.5 million die of tropical diseases and starvation in the first genocide in modern history. Vauxhall continues to centralize power, sending opponents to death through "popular tribunals". Disloyal business owners, union leaders, aristocrats, church officials, and party members quickly find themselves staring down the barrel of a rifle. Unions are subverted by the Vauxhall regime, turning into an apparatus for propaganda, and made mandatory in 1855. Lastly, Vauxhall and his inner circle enrich themselves through increasing exploitation of their colonial empire, while only slightly improving the standards of the working class. By 1856, with the forced dissolution of opposition parties, the last remnants of Kremwellian democracy are extinguished, replaced by a grotesque, authoritarian subversion of Smithsonianism.