recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Cuban Crocodile

The Cuban Crocodile (Crocodylus Rhombifer) is a species of crocodile that is native to Cuba. Despite its size, its holds a huge threat to humans and is seen as potentially dangerous. It is of very high interest to biologists for it's unique physical and behavioural traits. It is listed as Critically Endangered.

The species is one of several crocodilians found in the Americas. It's a very unique crocodile and has certain characteristics that set it apart from other crocs such as brighter skin, rougher scales and strong legs. It's only found in Zapata Swamp and Isla de la Juventud. It is believed that they hunt in packs, very unusual behavior. They mainly eat freshwater fish, frogs, waterfowl, aquatic mammals, freshwater turtles, and aquatic invertebrates.

Mating is between May and July. Due to very small habitat that these crocs inhabit, this make them more vulnerable.
Florida Panther

The Florida Panther (Puma Concolor Couguar), also known as the Florida Cougar and the Florida Puma, is a North American Cougar population endemic to Florida.

## Threats

Vehicular collisions threaten these cats, as does the spread of disease and genetic depletion. Pollution from chemicals also has a harmful effect on the cougars.
Takahe

The Takahe is a species of flightless rail endemic to New Zealand. The animal has two subspecies, the North Island Takahe and the South Island Takahe. The Takahe evolved from rails that flew from Australia and landed on New Zealand (as well as other islands) and lost their ability of flight as well as predators due to living in an environment free of predators and competition.
Domestic Donkey

The **Donkey**, Domestic Donkey**,** or Ass, is a domesticated descendant of the African Wild Ass. The species originated from Eastern Africa, descended from the wild donkey, and subsequently spread across the world with the aid of human activity. Donkeys are well known for their stubbornness.

## Range

The donkey is nearly cosmopolitan, being present wherever there are human settlements, especially within farms and ranches. It also inhabits various wilderness areas, though in such places, the animal can become problematic.

## Description

Donkeys are a charismatic domestic species for their short stature and their stubbornness. Donkeys are also called burros in some parts of the world.

## Invasiveness

The donkey is an especially problematic invasive species in Australia, where they eat and trample on plants and drink any body of water dry, thus changing the landscape and threatening the native wildlife there.
Ferret

The **Ferret** (*Mustela Furo*) is a species of domestic mustelid, presumably descended from the European Polecat. Hybrids between polecats and ferrets are considered invasive to native fauna, leading to some countries restricting their status as pets. The species is a generalist and can consume any kind of prey available within its range.

## Invasive species

Ferrets have been introduced into New Zealand and some parts of Europe. In Europe, they compete with native carnivores of equal size and prey on the ground fauna, while in New Zealand, they prey on the endemic frogs, lizards, and flightless birds.
Virus

A **virus** is an infectious agent capable of replicating only inside the living cells of a true organism. Viruses are not technically alive, as they do not fulfill most of the criteria for being considered life forms, though this is debated. The origin of viruses is unclear as of yet, though they may have evolved from the plasmids of micro-organisms, which are capable of intercellular movement.
Tecopa Pupfish

The Tecopa Pupfish (Cyprinodon Nevadensis Calidae) is an extinct subspecies of the Amargosa Pupfish (Cyprinodon Nevadensis) which was endemic to the outflows of a pair of hot springs in the Mojave Desert of California. Habitat destruction and the introduction of non-native species led to its extinction in 1970.
Common Warthog

The Common Warthog (Phacochoerus Africanus) is a wild pigs species found in sub-Saharan Africa.

## Description

The animal gets its name from warty knobs on the side of its face. This animal is found in savanna, woodland, and grassland habitats across Africa south of the Sahara.

## Threats

Common threats to warthogs include killings from persecution for eating fields and to make way for livestock. They are also threatened by African swine fever and swine flu.
AIDS

AIDS/HIV is a disease that causes immune system weakness. AIDS is a late stage of the HIV viral infection that happens when the body’s immune system is comprimeised due to the virus. AIDS/HIV itself is dangerous because even a simple infection can cause massive damage, due to the lack of immune response. Without medicine, people with AIDS typically only last about 3 years before death. AIDS/HIV is considered one of the deadliest dieseases in the United States, along with cancer. AIDS/HIV is thought to have originated from biological pathogenical contact froms apes and monkeys via consumption and fluid contact within africa during the mid-pleistocene.
Editing/Page making rules

The following page will show you the rules of editing/making a page

## Editing rules

### Do not edit spam for achievements

This is an uncommon occurance, but please don't edit an re-edit stuff you added in a page for achievements

### Do not Vandalize

This will result as a 7 days ban. If done again, you will be blocked forever

## Making Page rules

### Follow the example page for creatures

Example page (Creatures) | Sixth Extinction Wiki | Fandom (will be updated)

### When making a page, be sure to add atleast 100 bytes of content before creating the page

To see how many bytes a page has, go to History button (right beside the edit button)

### Don't make unnecessary pages

If so, you will be warned. But if you continue, it results a 7 days ban

### Don't spam create

If so, you will be warned. But if you continue, it results a 7 days ban
Gharial

The **Gharial** (Gavialis Gangeticus) is a near extinct crocodilian endemic to India. Its most unusual feature its long snout. The Gharial is the sole extant member of its family, Gavialidae.

## Description

The Gharial is a small, stout crocodilian with a long snout. It measures 19 feet in length. The Gharial is sexually dimorphic, with males being slightly larger than females. Males also occasionally sport a nasal protuberance on their snouts, presumably used for attracting a mate.

## Range

Gharials are endemic to India, being limited to several waterways in northern India today.
Homo

Homo is a genus of apes with many extinct members, with the only extant/living representative alive today being anatomically modern Humans (Homo Sapiens Sapiens).

## Members

* Homo Habilis
* Homo Erectus
* Neanderthal
* Denisovan
* Human (only extant member)
* Homo Sapiens Idaltu
* Homo Rhodesiensis
* Homo Bodoensis
* Red Deer Cave People
* Homo Ergaster
* Homo Antecessor
* Flores Man
* Homo Heidelbergensis
* Homo Rudolfensis
* Homo Capensis
* Homo Longi
* Homo Gautengensis
* Homo Luzonensis
* Homo Naledi
* Homo Cepranensis
* Homo Tsaichangensis
* Nesher Ramla Homo
* Homo Gardarensis
Caspian Tiger

The Caspian Tiger (Panthera Tigris Virgata) is an extinct subspecies of tiger that was native to the Middle East and Central Asia. It was also one of the few tiger subspecies to inhabit Europe.

## Description

This subspecies was substantially larger than most today, being 10 feet in size, similar to the Bengal Tiger and the Siberian Tiger.
Bison

Bison (*Bison bison*) are a species of ungulate native to the plains of northern and central North America. It can be identified by its large head, thick neck, and a hump on its shoulders. Bison are the largest land animals in North America, and can grow up to 1000 kg (2,200 lbs) in weight and 3.5 m (12 ft) in length. Both genders of Bison possess short horns. Bison have been domesticated and in captivity they often breed with cattle. Bison have very good hearing and smell, which is helpful for sensing their main predators, wolves. Bison have four-chambered stomachs that help them digest lots of grass. In winter, Bison can dig under the snow for grass, or migrate to warmer areas. Bison coats insulate the animals well. Bison can reach speeds of 60 km/h (35 mph) and are capable of leaping over adult humans.

## History

Bison used to be very common, and were hunted by Native Americans. They were able to maintain their numbers until American settlers in the late 1800s hunted them for their meat and fur. In addition, territory that used to belong to Bison was used for agriculture, leaving the animals critically endangered. Fortunately, the creation of national parks allowed Bison populations to grow and recover.

## Social Behavior

Juveniles live with adult females in herds of 10-60 animals, which are led by an old female. Males live in herd or are solitary. Breeding occurs in mid-to-late summer, and the males join the herds of females. The males fight for mates with head-butting battles. Bison gestation lasts 10 months, and calves are often born in the middle of spring.
European Edible Dormouse

The European Edible Dormouse is a species of edible dormouse which inhabits most of Europe. It has also been introduced to areas within Europe where it did not previously exist.

## Range

This rodent inhabits a large range of Europe, being present in Western Europe, Central Europe, and Southern Europe (mostly Italy). It is currently absent from Spain, Portugal, Northern Europe, and the British Isles.

## Invasiveness

Dormice invade field patches and compete with native species as well as destroy orchards. They also cause considerable damage to houses by chewing on the material that makes up the house.
Kiwi

The kiwi is a flightless bird native to New Zealand that is related to flightless birds such as the emu and the cassowary. Their preferred habitat is the rainforest, but they will also live in open habitats such as grasslands. Kiwis are 51-66 cm (20-26 in) long and weigh 2.7-3.6 kg (6-8 lbs). They eat insects, worms, and millipedes. They hunt for this prey by poking their long beaks through the moist soil. Females are larger than males. They are the only bird with nostrils at the tip of their beak, and they are the national bird of New Zealand.
Dingiso

The **Dingiso** (Dendrolagus mbaiso) is a species of tree-kangaroo endemic to Papua Province Central on New Guinea island, in Northeastern Indonesia.

## Range/Distribution

This marsupial inhabits alpine forests within the Sudirman Range in Papua Province of Western New Guinea, and lives just below the tree line, in elevations at 3,250–4,200 metres (10,660–13,780 ft).

## Description

The dingiso has a distinctive pattern of black and white fur, it has a white belly, and a black head, back and limbs. Unlike other tree kangaroos, it spends little time in the trees.

The animal was described in in 1995.

## Conservation

The dingiso only remains in the western part of its range.

## Threats

Climate change and habitat destruction via human activity threaten these animals.
Lost Shark

The **Lost Shark** (Carcharhinus Obsolerus), formerly known as the **false smalltail shark**, is a species of Critically Endangered requiem shark, possibly extinct, known only from the southern South China Sea, specifically the western central Pacific Ocean.

## Description

The species is only known from three specimens over 80 years old, which were found within Borneo, Vietnam, and Thailand. The species was formerly assigned to the Smalltail Shark, a similar sized relative resembling this species (which itself is also threatened and is facing extinction).

Its primary distinguishing characteristic from other Carcharinus species was the placement of its secondary dorsal fin and its anal fin, in addition to its low vertebral count.

## Range

The species was endemic to the South China Sea, but presumably also inhabited the Indo-Pacific Ocean. The range reduction of this species most likely coincides with increased overfishing in these areas.

## Extinction

Overfishing was the primary contributor of the extinction of this shark, as was presumably finning for shark fin soup. Despite extensive searches, no sharks were found, leading researchers to presume the species extinct.

The species was officially declared extinct in 2020.
Domestic Cat

The **Domestic Cat** is a domesticated feline found worldwide alongside humans, and are common threats to biodiversity wherever they are. Along with dogs, they are common companions for humans and the most widespread terrestrial carnivorous mammal on earth. Cats are the only pet species to be self domesticated.

## Description

Cats are among the most common domestic animal and carnivorous animal on earth, second only to dogs. Cats were domesticated from african wildcats in Egypt about 12,000 years ago. They were domesticated for the purposes of eradicating pests, which they succeeded in doing.

## As an invasive species

Cats are widespread in all parts of the world, and as such are an invasive species, as they feed on any and every mammal, bird, reptile, amphibian, fish, and invertebrate they can hunt.

Because of this, cats are easily adaptive predators and threaten local ecosystems with species extinction. Cat culling has been used as an attempt to prevent the further spread of these felines, but is sometimes met with great opposition by cat enthusiasts.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/australias-cats-kill-two-billion-animals-annually-180977235/
Earth

Earth is a planet and the only known planet with life. Earth is thought to contain 8.7 million species, while humans number at 7.8 billion. Earth has 7 continents with several smaller landmasses. Despite its name, the earth is covered by more water than land, though terrestrial biodiversity wasn't any less impressive than aquatic biodiversity.

## Most Common Species

* Humans
* Dogs
* Cats
* Cattle
* Horses

## Continents

* North America
* South America
* Asia
* Africa
* Europe
* Australia
* Antarctica
Megatherium

Megatherium is an extinct genus of ground sloth that was endemic to South America, and lived from the early Pliocene through to the late Pleistocene. It is one of the most well known species/genera of ground sloths.

## Description

Megatherium measured 6 feet from head to tail and stood at 12 feet tall. They reached sizes about as large as an elephant.
Sumatran Orangutan

The Sumatran Orangutan (**Pongo Abelii**) is a species of Orangutan native to Sumatra.

## Description

Like all orangutans, Sumatran Orangutans have reddish fur, and bodies with long arms and short legs to aid them in an arboreal lifestyle.

They consume plants, mostly fruits, vegetables, leaves, and shoots.

## Range

As their name states, Sumatran Orangutans exclusively inhabit Sumatra. They inhabit warm, tropical forests and live chiefly in trees.

## Threats

Sumatran Orangutans are threatened by being caught and killed for bushmeat, the illegal wildlife pet trade, and deforestation for logging, mining, and clearing forest for agriculture.
Rosy Wolfsnail

The Rosy Wolfsnail, otherwise known as the cannibal snail, is a species of invasive predatory air-breathing land snail known for hunting other snails and slugs.

## History

Intdrouced to Hawaii in 1955 as a biological control for another invasive snail, Lissachatina fulica, this snail is the cause for the extinction of eight native Hawaiian snail species, making it one of the most invasive species on the planet.

## Life

This snail lives to an estimated 24 months. It takes 30-40 days for a Rosy Wolfsnail egg to hatch, and 4-16 months after hatching is usually when the snail reaches sexual maturity. A full-grown adult ranges from 7 to 10 centimeters in length.

TBA
Saiga

The Saiga (Saiga Tatarica), or Saiga Antelope, is a critically endangered antelope inhabiting parts of the Eurasian steppe. Saigas are notable for their bizarrely shaped noses, which they use to filter warm air into their noses to keep their temperatures stable.

## Description

In prehistory, it inhabited a much vaster area of the steppes as well as Eurasia and north North America. Saiga were more numerous in the past, until the remaining large populations were almost exterminated by the spread of diseases.
Spotted Hyena

The Spotted Hyena (Crocuta Crocuta), also known as the laughing hyena, is a hyena species, currently classed as the sole extant member of the genus Crocuta, native to sub-Saharan Africa. The species is declining outside of protected areas due to habitat loss and poaching. The species may have originated in Asia, and once ranged throughout Europe for at least one million years until the end of the Late Pleistocene.

## Description

Spotted hyenas are the most common carnivores in sub-Saharan Africa. Due to their viciousness and dietary habits, they hold a negative reputation amongst humans. In prehistory, spotted hyenas and other hyena species were common in Africa and Eurasia, and may or may not have possibly crossed into the americas via beringia.

These hyenas have crushing teeth used to crack open bones to feast on marrow within the bones, though the hyenas are safely able to consume the bones and other organic material of a carcass.

## Threats

Spotted hyenas are declining because of hunting and trapping from farmers, hunters, and poachers because of their negative reputation, as well as their invasion of farms to feast on livestock such as cattle.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/06/arctic-hyenas-once-roamed-north-america/591916/
2. ↑ https://www.insidescience.org/news/hyenas-bone-crunching-helps-recycle-nutrients
3. ↑ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989422000397
Middle East

### Inhabitants

Lammergeier, Lesser flamingo, Great white pelican, Nile crocodile, Cheetah, Leopard, Collared sunbird, Caracal, Hamadryas baboon, Arabian oryx, Striped hyena, Rock hyrax, Arabian partridge, Indian gray mongoose, Great bustard

The Middle East is a part of Asia and Africa made up of the countries Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Israel, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Jordan, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Turkey, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. The Middle East is mostly desert, but includes some grasslands, forests, and mountains.

## Species:

* Lammergeier
* Lesser flamingo
* Great white pelican
* Nile crocodile
* Cheetah
* Leopard
* Collared sunbird
* Caracal
* Hamadryas baboon
* Arabian oryx
* Striped hyena
* Rock hyrax
* Arabian partridge
* Indian gray mongoose
* Great bustard
Mass Extinction

A mass extinction is an event in which mass amounts of species die out. Such extinctions are usually catastrophic in occurrence. The worst of these extinctions was the Permian-Triassic extinction, in which 90% of species at the time died out. As such, the extinction is often aptly referred to as **"The** **Great Dying"**.

## Mass extinctions

* Late Ordovician Extinction (1st mass extinction)
* Late Devonian Extinction (2nd Mass extinction)
* Permian-Triassic Extinction (3rd Mass Extinction)
* Triassic-Jurassic Extinction (4th Mass Extinction)
* Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction (5th Mass Extinction)
* Holocene Extinction (6th Mass Extinction)
Mississippi Gopher Frog

The Mississippi Gopher Frog (Lithobates Sevosus), also known commonly as the dark gopher frog, the dusky gopher frog, and the St. Tammany gopher frog, is a critically endangered species of frog endemic to the southern United States.

## Description

The Mississippi gopher frog is a small-sized frog measuring about 3 inches. The frog is colored black to grayish-brown and its back is covered with dark spots and warts.

## Range

The frog was formerly abundant in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, with its range stretching along from the Mississippi River Delta to the Gulf Coastal Plain. Currently, only two populations of the frog exists, one in Glen's Pond, Harrison County, Mississippi, and one in Mike's Pond, Jackson County, Mississippi.

## Threats

Habitat loss from land development due to urban sprawl is the most major threat for this frog. Isolation is also a significant threat as only two separate populations exist, and will inevitably lead to inbreeding, reducing genetic fitness.
Walrus

Walruses (*Odobenus rosmarus*) are a species of carnivore native to the arctic ocean. They have a wide snout covered with whiskers, called vibrissae. Its vibrissae help it locate food. Walruses eat, mollusks, octopi, fish, and carrion. Walruses can live around 40 years. They survive the harsh arctic cold with blubber around their neck and shoulders. Walruses can also slow down their heartbeat, helping them to survive in cold water.

## Social Behavior

Walruses live in groups and rest on ice or land. Females migrate south in fall and north in spring, but males live in herds in the arctic all year. Males compete for a place to mate through mating displays and fighting with tusks. Walruses mate in winter, and females give birth after a year.
Megaloceros

Megaloceros is an extinct genus of deer that lived during the ice ages in Eurasia. Many species are within the genus of Megaloceros but the most well known, and the largest is the Irish elk (Megaloceros giganteus). The earliest dated back to the early Pleistocene, is named Megaloceros obscurus, which lived in Europe.

Megaloceros sizes varied drastically between species, especially in the antlers. Megaloceros obscurus had long and crooked antlers, the French Megaloceros savini had straight, pronged antlers. Megaloceros pachyosteus, which lived in China and Japan, had long curved antlers, but the most splendid definitely belong to the Irish elk, its antlers sprang from its head, with flat and broad plates, edged with branches.

Megaloceros had legs that were very strong that helped them to flee from predators. Large antlers are probably used in courtship, as in the deer of the present, and the other males would be very discouraged due to some of the incredible sizes the antlers could grow up to.
North Atlantic Right Whale

The North Atlantic Right Whale (Eubalaena Glacialis) is a species of Right Whale that is native to the North Atlantic Ocean.

## Description

The North Atlantic Right Whale is dark black in color, with a cream white underbelly.

## Range

True to its name, the North Atlantic Right Whale is found only in the North Atlantic Ocean, from the Eastern Seaboard to the coast of Western Europe.

## Threats

The main threats to this whale are climate change, collision from vessel strikes, and entanglement in fishing gear.
Whale Shark

The Whale Shark (Rhincodon Typus) is a large species of carpet shark. It is the largest known extant fish species. It only inhabits tropical oceans.

## Description

Whale sharks feed exclusively on plankton and swim across large distances in search of open feeding grounds. An average whale shark weighs around 11 tons and is around 40 feet long.

## Range

Whale sharks are only found in tropical waters, since these are the only areas where their prey (plankton) is available. Whale sharks have not been found outside of their natural range, other than the Bay of Fundy, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the waters surrounding the Australian state of Victoria.
Pronghorn

The Pronghorn (Antilocapra Americana) is a species of artiodactyl mammal indigenous to North America. It is also referred to as the American antelope, prong buck, pronghorn antelope, prairie antelope, or simply antelope.

## Description

Despite resembling antelopes, it is more closely related to giraffes and okapis. It is found exclusively within central and western North America, though it was more widespread across the continent in prehistory.
Northern Platyfish

The Northern Platyfish (Xiphophorus Gordoni) is a small endangered species of poecillid fish. It is endemic to the vicinity of Cuatro Ciénegas in the Mexican state of Coahuila andrestricted to hot-spring heated ditches and marshes of the Laguna Santa Tecla.

## Description

Northern platyfish live in shallow water abundant with vegetation. Captive populations are kept within public and private aquariums as part of a conservation project for this species.

## Threats

The species is threatened by habitat loss from the construction of irrigation channels.
African Elephant

The African Elephant is a genus of elephant found in Sub-Saharan Africa. It has two extant species, the Bush Elephant and the Forest Elephant. Both species are heavily threatened with the risk of extinction from poaching and habitat loss for livestock.

## Description

African elephants are gray to bluish in their general appearance. Typical of most proboscideans, they have a trunk measuring seven feet, with the trunk being a fusion of the upper lip and the nose. African elephants have larger ears than asian elephants.

## Range

African elephants are distributed throughout Africa south of the Sahara. They inhabit scrublands, savannas, and open pockets of forests. Forest elephants only occur in central Africa.

## Threats

Both species of African elephants are threatened by poaching for their tusks, a very inhumane process that seeks to use tusks for ivory in the illegal ivory trade. Elephants are also victims of habitat loss, since human development encroaches on elephant habitats and fragments habitats, causing human-elephant conflicts.
Okapi

The Okapi (Okapia Johnstoni) is a species of giraffid endemic to the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

## Description

Okapis stand at 4 feet and have a reddish-brown fur color. Males have slightly visible ossicones on their heads. The gestation period is around 450 days long. They primarily feed on tree leaves and grasses.

## Range

The okapi's range is restricted to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It presumably had a much more expansive range in the past, with climate change and human activity pushing it to its current range. Okapis inhabit canopy forests within the DRC.

## Threats

Major threats to these ungulates are logging and habitat destruction to make way for human settlement. Illegal armed groups also pose a threat by preventing conservation and monitoring by conservation groups.
Chimpanzee

Chimpanzees (*Pan troglodytes*) are a species of primate native to the rainforests of western and central Africa. They are the closest living relatives of humans and we share more than 98.5% of our DNA with them. Like humans, they have large brains, facial expressions, a brow ridge, and opposable thumbs. Chimpanzees can also go bald and get arthritis, along with suffering from many human diseases. Chimpanzees also exhibit human behavior, such as walking on two legs and playing. Chimpanzees live in large communities with around 35 others, though some groups have as many as 150. Chimpanzees are omnivores, foraging for food in the forest during the day. At night, they sleep in nests in trees. Chimpanzees work together to hunt other primates, including colobus monkeys. Most of the hunting is done by males. Females reach sexual maturity at 7-8 years, but do not have their first baby until they are 13-14 years old. Gestation lasts 8 months. When there is enough food, chimpanzees breed year-round. Baby chimpanzees learn tool use from older relatives. Chimpanzees are the most intelligent non-human primate, and communicate with facial expressions, hand gestures, and vocalizations. They can live for over 50 years. Chimpanzees are close relatives of Bonobos.

## Tools

Chimpanzees are capable of making some simple tools, such as using rocks to crack nuts, using leaves as umbrellas, and using sticks to get termites and honey.
Pygmy Hippopotamus

The Pygmy Hippopotamus (Choeropsis Liberiensis) is a species of small hippopotamid native to Africa and the smallest extant hippopotamid. It is one of two extant hippo species, along with the Common Hippopotamus.

## Description

The pygmy hippo measures at 2 to 3 feet in length, and is an herbivore. It feeds on ferns, dicots, and fruits. Despite being aquatic mammals, they do not consume aquatic vegetation.

## Range

The pygmy hippo is native to West Africa, mostly within Libya. There are also populations in Guinea, Ivory Coast, and Sierra Leone.. It has been extirpated in Nigeria.

## Threats

The main threats to the pygmy hippo are poaching and habitat destruction. These hippos occupy small parts of their range, and these areas are shrinking fast, putting the future of these hippos in jeopardy.
Orangutan

Orangutans are a genus of great apes native to Southeast Asia. They are characterized by their red fur and are arboreal. They consist of three species, the Bornean Orangutan, the Sumatran Orangutan, and the Tapanuli Orangutan.

## Description

Orangutans are medium-sized apes with reddish fur and display sexual dimorphism. The males are larger than the females, and have large cheek pouches. Orangutans also have longer arms and shorter legs, adapted for an arboreal lifestyle.

## Range

Orangutans are distributed throughout Southeast Asia, in Borneo and Sumatra. Orangutans are endemic to the region, and only live in tropical forests. In the Pleiostocene, their range may have expanded in South China, and possibly most of Asia.

## Threats

Orangutans face threats from habitat destruction for logging, mining, and agriculture, hunting and poaching for bushmeat, and the pet trade.
Thylacine

The Thylacine (Thylacinus Cynocephalus), also known as the tasmanian tiger and the tasmanian wolf, is an extinct species of marsupial that is native to mainland Australia and the islands of Tasmania and New Guinea.

## Description

The thylacine was tan yellow with black stripes across its back. The animal measured from 3 to 4 feet. It also had an extendable jaw which it could gape at 90 degrees, with several rows of shearing teeth.

In 1952-1953, a wild Thylacine was reported to have been sighted in Mawbanna, Tasmania and the sighter claimed to have photographed the animal. However, the image itself is of questionable quality and has yet to be further investigated.

## Range

Before the arrival of humans on Australia, the thylacine inhabited much of the continent, as well as surrounding islands such as Tasmania. The arrival of aboriginal australians, their hunting methods, and possibly the introduction of and competition with dingoes caused the thylacine to become extirpated on the mainland, leaving tasmania as the solely remaining refuge left for these animals.

Tasmania became the stronghold for the last thylacines. The marsupials presumably entered the island via a landbridge that connected the island to the mainland. They survived longer on the island than on the mainland due to humans arriving much later, as well as no competitors (such as dingoes, which currently have no discovered subfossil remains on the island).

When the british settled on australia and tasmania, they rapidly destroyed habitat for the thylacine on tasmania, reducing their numbers drastically and driving them to the brink of extinction.

## Extinction

The cause of the thylacine's extinction was several causes, mostly human hunting and habitat destruction. Persecution killings were done against the species as it often preyed on the livestock of farmers, such as chickens and sheep Disease also affected this animal, and significantly wiped out large portions of its populations. Diseases were often spread by domestic and feral dogs which also competed with the thylacine. The dingo, a semi-wild species, also presumably was a threat to the marsupial, as it is thought to have outcompeted the mammal on the mainland, and with no remains being found on the surrounding islands as of yet, suggesting the thylacine was isolated from competition.

The last confirmed living member, Benjamin, died in the Hobart zoo in 1933, with photographic and video records of this animal having been archived.
Pondicherry Shark

The Pondicherry Shark (Carcharhinus Hemiodon) is a possibly extinct species of requiem shark that is native to the Indo-Pacific coastal waters. It was among a few shark species that were viviparous, giving birth to live young.

## Description

This shark measured at 3 feet, not being very large as its relatives. The animal was colored gray, with black tips on its fins, and it had a pointy snout. It fed on crustaceans, cephalopods, and bony fish.

The shark was thought to be extinct since the 1970s, though it was sighted by researchers in fish markets. Most notably, they were rediscovered in 2019 by biologist and conservationist Forrest Galante and his wife in the episode 'The Lost Shark' on his television series on the Discovery Channel.

However, despite this, the shark is still presumably near extinction as a result of overfishing, combined with the animal living in a limited range.

It was a host for the parasite Acanthobothrium Paramanandai.

## Range

The shark was once widespread in the Indo-Pacific, being found across the ocean from Oman to New Guinea, but rapid overfishing has since decreased its numbers drastically and reduced its range to parts of the Indian Ocean, with catches being rare even in its current range.

It was also formerly recorded in sparse catches in Vietnam, Oman, New Guinea, Borneo, Java, Northern Australia, and the South China Sea. The species was also known to inhabit inshore waters, possibly suggesting this shark was able to tolerate water with low salinity.

## Extinction

The main causes of extinction for this shark was overfishing and revenge killing, as it was not distinguished from other, larger shark species by the fisherman who caught them. Finning was also a common threat to these sharks, as they were presumably among the many shark species caught to be finned for the highly illegal wildlife trade, mostly for shark fin soup.
Sloth

A sloth is a Xenarthran inhabiting tropical rainforests within Central America and South America. Sloths are comprised of three families, but for easy classification, they will be divided into the extinct ground sloths and the extant tree sloths.

## Description

All sloths have long claws, which are not nails, but rather elongated phalange bones, which they use for grasping onto branches. For ground sloths, they were used to pull down trees with leaves to eat. In tree sloths, they are used to grasping onto branches and moving across trees.

## Range

All sloths inhabited the Americas in prehistory, but their range has been reduced to only Central and South America. Sloths are only found in tropical rainforests with high humidity.
Wild Turkey

The Wild Turkey (Meleagris Gallopavo) is a species of gamefowl native to North America and parts of Central America. It is the wild ancestor of the Domestic Turkey.

## Description

The wild turkey is noticeably leaner than its domestic relative, and is mostly the same color, being grayish brown. The species also exhibits sexual dimorphism, with the male being larger than the female, and having large tail feathers which it uses to spread out and to attract mates.

## Range

The wild turkey is indigenous to North America, and was widespread throughout the entire continent in prehistory. Due to human activity and climate change, its range has been mostly scattered throughout the continent.

## Threats

Major threats to wild turkeys are loss of habitat from land development for urbanization, which impacts and prevents successful nesting.
Ocean Sunfish

The ocean sunfish is a species of large marine fish native to tropic oceans worldwide. Their closest relatives are pufferfish, as the sunfish are of the same family of fish, the tetradontidae.

## Description

The sunfish is unique for its shape, as its caudal fin is extremely short an nearly vestigial, and has two long fins modified from its dorsal fin and its anal fin.

## Threats

Ocean Sunfish are threatened by the fishing industry through being bycatch in gill nets meant for fish species consumed as food.

## References

1. ↑ https://galapagosconservation.org.uk/wildlife/sunfish/
Mata Mata

The Mata Mata, also known as the Mata Mata Turtle, is a South American turtle with a bizarre appearance. Its carapace, or shell, is rough and knobby, and its long neck has skin fringes, bumps and ridges. The turtle's large, flat head features a wide mouth and a long, snorkel-like snout.

The Mata Mata's conservation status has not been evaluated, so the population of the turtle is unknown. Though due to human activity, it is undoubtedly threatened.
South China Tiger

The South China Tiger is a rare and near extinct population of the Asian Tiger that was found in China and now lives only as a handful of specimens in captivity. Since 1996, it has been listed as a critically endangered species, but has been considered extinct in the wild as no specimens have been found in the wild since.

## Description

This population is the smallest of the mainland tigers, but it significantly larger than the Sumatran Tiger. Before prey density decreased, the cat preyed on deer, pigs, and monkeys.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, increased reports of attacks by man eating tigers were very high due to human encroachment on the habitat of the tiger, as population was increasing at the time. This tiger was formerly referred to as the Amoy tiger in the fur trade in the past.

## Range

The tiger formerly inhabited 4 provinces, the Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong provinces. The farthest area the animal was found was in the northernmost part of the Qinling Mountain and Yellow River area.

The animal may have had much more of an extensive range in prehistory, as suggested by subfossil evidence found in forested areas in North China.

## Extinction in the wild

The South China Tiger was wiped out in the wild due to a combination of factors, mostly poaching, habitat loss, loss of prey, and persecution killings.
Tiger

A tiger is a species of big cat, native to Asia, though in prehistory, they had a much larger and wider range, inhabiting parts of Europe, and possibly also inhabiting all of Europe, Africa, and the Americas. However, proper fossil evidence is required in order to confirm this.

Tigers are one of several well known endangered species, as well as many large megafauna threatened by humans and human activity.

## Description

Tigers are among the most recognizable and charismatic megafauna on earth. They are mostly orange with black stripes, though morphs with black or white fur also exist. Depending on the tiger subspecies/population, there are different shades of orange on the cat.

## Range

Tigers only range parts of Asia in the present, but in the past, they inhabited the entirety of Asia. It can also be speculated that they possibly inhabited Europe, the Americas (if any subspecies crossed Beringia, and subsequently into the Isthmus of Panama), and Africa (North Africa, via the Isthmus of Suez). Despite their wide range, tigers are continually experiencing a decline in their habitat from fragmentation.

## Threats

Tigers face several threats, from loss of habitat by habitat destruction and habitat fragmentation. Conflicts between tigers and humans are also a significant threat to these cats, and often overlaps with tigers losing their habitats, as well as persecution killings.

## Species

* Caspian Tiger
* Bengal Tiger
* Siberian Tiger
* Bali Tiger
* Javan Tiger
* Sumatran Tiger
* Sunda Tiger
* South China Tiger
* Indochinese Tiger
* Malayan Tiger
* Bornean Tiger
Pyrenean Ibex

The Pyrenean Ibex (Capra Pyrenaica Pyrenaica) is an extinct species of Ibex that lived in the Iberian Peninsula and the Pyrenees Mountains. It was the first extinct animal to be cloned, but the clone died seven minutes after birth.

## Size and Basic Information

It is 5 ft (1.5 meters) long, 30 inches (75 cm) tall at the shoulder, and weighs 130-150 lbs (59.09-68.18 kg). The horns are 31-40 in (77.5-100 cm) long and are spaced 16 in (40 cm) apart. They are herbivores and live up to 16 years.

## Difference Between Sexes

During the summer, male Ibexes have light grayish-brown fur with black patches, and during the winter the coat grew thicker and the black patches become less defined. Male Ibexes have manes on their necks. Females are more of a standard brown and they have no manes.

## Behavior, Habitat, and Breeding

The Pyrenean Ibex's standard habitat is mountains and cliffs. Females gather in groups of 10-20 Ibexes (with both females and their kids) and males gather in groups of 6-8. Ibexes begin breeding in early November, and kids are usually born in April. Kids reach maturity at 2-3 years old.

## Extinction

Causes of extinction may include poaching, disease, and outcompetition.
Mediterranean Sand Tiger Shark

The Mediterranean Sand Tiger Shark (Carcharias Taurus Europaeus), was a population of Sand Tiger Shark that inhabited the Mediterranean Sea.

## Description

The recorded population appears to have been less than 200 individuals, and is rapidly decreasing due to shark culling, in addition to low birth rates among these sharks.

## Range

This population of sharks was only found in the Mediterranean, hence its name. It was presumed to have arrived there via a gateway by the atlantic ocean.

## Extinction

The last specimen of this shark was caught in 2003, and has not been seen since.
Pied Raven

The Pied Raven (Corvus corax varius leucophaeus) is an extinct morph of the North Atlantic Raven, a subspecies of the Common Raven.

## Description

The Pied Raven was a mixed white and black in color, similar to the color morph of other ravens and crows in the North Atlantic.

## Range

The species was endemic to the Faroe Islands, but were also sighted in Iceland.
Snowy owl

Female

Male

Snowy owls (*Nyctea scandiaca*) are a species of owl native to the grasslands, coasts, and tundras of northern North America, northeast Europe, and northern Asia. Its coat of feathers is very thick, providing warm insulation. Male snowy owls are almost pure white, while the females are more mottled. Snowy owls eat small mammals such as lemmings as well as birds. They can survive the cold arctic winters if they find enough food, but if they are unable to do so they migrate south to Canada and Siberia, and occasionally as far south as Florida. They breed every 4-5 years and lay 3-13 eggs.
Tucuxi

The Tucuxi (Sotalia Fluviatilis), also known in Peru as **Bufeo Gris** or **Bufeo Negro**, is a species of freshwater dolphin that is native to the rivers within the Amazon Basin. Its name is derived from the Tupi word tuchuchi-ana, and is used as the name for the animal.

Though the species resembles the Bottlenose Dolphin, it is only distantly related. The Guiana Dolphin (also referred to as the Costero) is recognized as a much closer relative to the Tucuxi, also existing in coastal and estuarine environments.

## Description

The Tucuxi measures at 4 feet in size, and is similar in appearance to the much larger and distantly related Bottlenose Dolphin. This dolphin is colored bluish-gray on its backsides and light pink on its undersides.

The Tucuxi has the largest brain to body size ratio known among mammals.

## Range

The Tucuxi's range extends across the Amazon river all the way to the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. Tucuxi were previously thought to have had a small and limited range, but recent surveys of the species show that it is thriving in freshwater and saltwater environments.
Red Lionfish

The Red Lionfish (Pterois Volitans) is a venomous tropical water fish native to the Indo-Pacific, but is an invasive species in the Carribean Sea, the Atlantic coast of the United States, and the east Mediterranean.

## Description

Red ionfish are mainly solitary and only aggregate during mating. Red lionfish are mostly nocturnal, and are most active at nightfall.

## Invasiveness

Along with the Common Lionfish, this lionfish species is an invasive species. They prey on smaller fish and thrive as there is nothing that can prey on them. In addition, such predators and even possible competitors (sharks and groupers) are threatened and decreasing in population.
Sixth Extinction Wiki

**Welcome to the Sixth Extinction Wiki!**
The Sixth Extinction wiki is a wiki dedicated to showcasing the sixth extinction in the earth's history (which is a massive man-made extinction that's still raging on as we speak!). This wiki also catalogues the victims and victors of the extinction, which includes animals from the late Pleistocene and the Holocene period.

We're a collaborative community website that anyone, including you, can build and expand. New Wikis like this one depend on readers getting involved and adding content. Click the "ADD NEW PAGE" or "EDIT" button at the top of any page to get started!

We are also looking for new users to help us grow, so if you find the concept of this wiki intriguing, please do introduce yourself! We'd love to see you active here!

Rules:

1. **Keep it civil**: Do not make personal attacks on other people. If you need to criticize another user’s argument, do so without attacking them as a person. Do not use bigoted language, including slurs which degrade another person or group of people based on gender, race, sexual orientation, nationality, religion, etc.
2. **Be a productive member of the wiki**: Contribute to the wiki in line with the established processes and conventions. Disrupting the wiki with “edit warring” over differing opinions of a topic with another user or group of users is not productive.
3. **Do not engage in excessive self-promotion**: The wiki is a collaborative community resource for the topic at hand. It is NOT a free place to advertise your related website, YouTube channel, blog, social media account, etc. Have a question about whether your link would be welcome? Ask an administrator!
4. **Do not harass other users**: If somebody asks you to stop posting certain content on their wall, respect their wishes. It is their wall.
5. **Do follow community guidelines for formatting**: When a community has established formatting, it’s important to adhere to that, especially when spoiler content is involved
6. **Absolutely profanity:** This includes NSFW content, and slurs. If you do say or post any of these things, there will be a warning, and if you do it a second time, you will be banned. Please keep swearing to a minimum.
7. **Don't edit spam:** When you are adding a category, or fixing a typo, make sure to mark it as A MINOR EDIT, else that will qualify as edit spamming, which it may be considered as, will result in a BLOCK.

For further editing rules, visit the Editing/Page making rules page

Our Admins are:

User:Firekong1 (The founder!)
## Allied wikis

* Dinopedia
* Animal Database
Timeline of the History of Life on Earth

Though this wiki mostly concerns life on Earth during the Holocene, all species extant today are still part of the ongoing epic of life's story throughout geological history. In addition, all life on earth is prehistoric, with the partial exception of modern humanity. The history begins as shown:

## Precambrian

* The universe forms via the big bang 13 billion years ago, and 4.6 billion years ago, the Earth is formed.

* Life would not appear until later in the Hadean eon, 4.2 billion years ago.

* The first life forms probably develop from protobionts, a self-organized collection of lipids. The first are proto-cells, which eventually develop into cells, and eventually into prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Eukaryotes eventually develop into plants and animals, with the first animals being invertebrates.

* Eventually, animals split into two different groups, invertebrates and vertebrates. Invertebrates are formed from different diverse groups, while vertebrates at this time are currently chordates.

* Cnidarians and Poriferans appear.

## Cambrian

* Chordates evolve into vertebrates, which in turn eventually become fish. Te first fish are jawless and finless.

* The first arthropods, molluscs, annelids, echinoderms, and brachiopods appear.

* Various species of invertebrates evolve, such as radiodonts and trilobites.
Maned Wolf

The Maned Wolf (Chrysocyon Brachyurus) is a large canine of South America found in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and is near extinct in Uruguay. Though it resembles foxes and wolves, it is not closely related to either.

## Description

The maned wolf is mostly orange, with black fur on its legs and mane,

The maned wolf is the only extant representative of an archaic group of canines. In the past, its relatives were more common.

## Threats

The main threats to this canid are habitat destruction, roadkill, and competition with domestic dogs.