Lua templating/Getting started

This page covers some of the absolute basics for developing a simple lua template.

## Basics

*Main article: Lua templating/Basics*
Before starting with lua templates, it is important to read up and get to know how to use regular wikitext templates, and preferably read/learn about lua in sites such as Wikibooks as well as reviewing the Lua Reference manual.

### Workspace

Lua templates are stored in the Module namespace, and all work must always be saved there. For example, a module named helloworld would be stored in Module:Helloworld.

### Creating a module

A module must always contain a table and a line containing a "return " for that table unless  it is a meta-module (see below).

```
--Table
local p = {}
-- code goes here
return p

```
For a module to be invoked (or used in a page), it needs to have a function. However, this function must be part of the main table (e.g. invocable):

```
--Table
local invocable = {}

--can be invoked
function invocable.greet(frame)
   return "Live long and prosper"
end

-- can't be invoked
function askname(frame)
   return "What's your name?"
end
return invocable

```

### Execution time

Lua modules used can only run for a maximum of 10 seconds. This means that modules within a page cannot take longer than 10 seconds to execute, or there will be an error.

## Copying modules to another wiki

Modules hosted here can be used in another wiki, but this may require steps:

1. Copy the module to your wiki, e.g. Module:Links
2. Copy all modules it depends on to your wiki. This is a bit complicated because FANDOM uses an older scribunto version. But these steps should help:
	1. Open the module page and find sections that contain text like "require("text"), e.g. in module links text =="Dev:Arguments".
	2. Search for the module in dev.wikia or any other wiki, e.g. Module:Arguments
	3. Copy this module:arguments to your wiki
	4. Replace all mentions of require("Dev:") with require("module:"), e.g. require("Module:Arguments")
3. Redo step two, for every time a require("") is found in copied module.

## Using input (parameters)

Input (or Template parameters) can be provided to a module during the invoke.

#### Syntax

```
```

Once the above code is executed a table (called frame) is created containing all those inputs, and it is passed to a function, and stored in a sub-table called args (e.g. frame.args). For example, using the invoke below will make use of the module:

```
{{#invoke:invocable|greet|john}}
```

```
{{#invoke:invocable|greet|name=john}}
```

```
--Module:Invocable
--Table
local invocable = {}

function invocable.greet(frame)
   local name = frame.args[1] or frame.args["name"]

   return "Live long and prosper " ..name
end

return invocable

```

```
Output : Live long and prosper john
```

Explanation :
Args is a list containing all parameters, args[1] refers to the first value, e.g. john, args["name"] accesses a named parameter "name".

### Accessing template input

The invoke above cannot be used through a template because the values from a page and a sub-page are kept separate. Those arguments can only be accessed from a template by first retrieving the parent frame or table containing the arguments (i.e. frame:getParent()), and then using the sub-table (frame:getParent().args):

**Template:Greet:**

```
{{#invoke:invocable|greet}}
```

**Module:Invocable:**

```
--Table
local invocable = {}

function invocable.greet(frame)
   local parent = frame:getParent()
   local name = parent.args[1]
   local name2 = parent.args[2] or ""

   return "Live long and prosper :" ..name ..' '..name2
end

return invocable

```

**Usage:**

```
{{greet|Jack}}
Output:Live long and prosper : Jack
{{greet|Jack|Jill}}
Output:Live long and prosper : Jack  Jill
```

## Script errors

Whenever a module doesn't work properly it triggers a script error in a page. A good explanation of script errors is maintained by Wikipedia.

## Advanced

An advantage of lua is that it enables one to use external modules and tables that have been created by others. This reduces the need to reinvent the wheel, and more time can actually be spent creating new solutions.

### Using other modules

To use libraries or modules one needs to import that library. This is done using the require method:

```
--Module:Libraries
local library = {}

function library.greet(frame)
   local invocable = require("Module:Invocable")

   return invocable.greet(frame)
end

return library

```

```
{{#invoke:library|greet|Zeus}}
Output:Live long and prosper Zeus

```

**Note:** The syntax is case sensitive so "Dev" != "dev".

#### Meta-Modules

These are modules that are not meant to be used in a page (e.g. {{#invoke), and don't necessarily have any functions that can be used in a page.

### Using external tables

A external table can be retrieved in the same way as an external module, except that there is an extra method (mw.loadData) that loads it once per page, making it more efficient.

```
--Module:Tables
local tables = {'food','garden','relic'}

return tables

```

#### Usage:

```
--Module:showobjects
local p = {}

function p.show(frame)
   local objects = require("Module:Tables")
   --using loadData
   local objects2 = mw.loadData("Module:Tables")

   return objects[1] ..' & ' objects2[2]
end

return p

```

```
{{#invoke:showobjects|show}}
Output: "food & garden"

```

### Global modules

Modules stored in Dev.wikia.com are called global modules. They work in a similar manner to modules stored in a wiki but can be accessed by any lua module from another wiki (e.g. food.wikia.com). The difference lies only in the syntax (it uses "Dev" instead of "Module") used to obtain the modules:

```
local global\_invocable = require("Dev:Invocable")
local global\_Tables = mw.loadData("Dev:Tables")

```

## Tools

There are a bunch of useful tools that can help create modules:

### Code-editor

The code-editor (or ace-editor) - this is the default editor that can be disabled as needed.

Ace editor in particular comes with a couple of hidden features such as keyboard shortcuts and macros.

#### Keyboard shortcuts

A brief list of some useful shortcuts is shown below:

 Ctrl-Alt-E

### Syntax highlighting and syntax checking

The interactive code editor always highlights syntax errors, and sometimes gives helpful information to fix them.

### Debug console

*Main article: Lua templating/Debug console*
This is a console or terminal that makes it easy to test out code.

## See also

* Lua templating
* Lua templating/Debug console
* Lua templating/Glossary
* Lua templating/Style guide

## References

1. ↑ Wikipedia:Lua\_error\_messages
2. ↑ https://github.com/ajaxorg/ace/wiki/Default-Keyboard-Shortcuts