A+

**PCB: Printed Circuit Board**

**ATX: Advanced Technologies Extended**

**ITX: Small form factor mother board**

**BUS: Parallel computer system component**

**Northbridge: Hight speed peripheral, FSB, Video**
card, PCIe, processor to ram.

**FSB: Front side bus**

**STD motherboard chipset shematic**

**Southbridge: All slower on-board peripheral**

**-Audio,**
PCI, USB, LAN, SATA

**PCI: 32 bits, 3-inch-long, 33/66 MHz, 133/266**
MBps

**PCI-x: 64 bits, 66/133/266/533 MHZ     4.3/2.1 GBps**

**PCIe: Not shared with another PCI. Star**
topology. 8Gbps. 22 PIN, 1X to 32X

**DIMM: Dual Inline Memory Module, 168/184/240**
pins

**SODIMM: Laptop memory. Small outline dual**
inline memory module, 200/204/144/72/100pin

**Pagefile.sys: Swap file on hard drive, optimised**
to deliver information to RAM, Virtual Memory.

**Power connector: 20 pin on a motherboard**

**Firmware: Name of a software that is encoded in**
a hardware (ROM) chip.

**BIOS: Basic Input Output System**

**POST: Power on self test**

**CMOS & Battery :**

**-Date                    -Boot sequence                              -Time**

**-Power**
management                    -HD
configuration           -Virtualisation
support

**-Memory                            -Security             -CPU setting**

**Front & top connector:**

**-Power**
button                  -Drive activity
light        -Power light

**-Audio**
Jack                        -Reset button                   -USB ports

**DIP: Dual Inline package**

**PGA: Pin Grid Array**

**Hyperthreading: Simultaneous multithreading**

**MSINFO32.exe : Info about CPU & system**

checking & memory bank

* **-Rudimentary**

error checking

* **-Detection**

of other memory module

* **-Error**

checking & correction : ECC

* **-Single**

sided memory & double sided memory

* **-Single,**

dual & triple channel memory

* **-Solve**

bottleneck between RAM & CPU

* **-Buffered**

& Unbuffered memory

* **-Registered**

or unregistered

* **=RDIMM     or**

UDIM

pipe

* **-Peltier**

cooling system

* **-Phase**

cooling device

* **-Liquid**

helium/nitrogen

* **-Undervolting**

Dynamic Random Memory

* **SDRAM**

(Synchronous DRAM)

* + **SDR**

SDRAM (Single data rate SDRAM)

* + **184pin  -DDR SDRAM (Double data rate SDRAM)**
	+ **240pin  -DDR2 SDRAM (Double data rate V2 SDRAM)**
	+ **240pin  -DDR3 SDRAM (Double data rate V3 SDRAM)**
* **SRAM**

(static random access memory)

* **ROM**

(Read Only Memory)

Controller:
Controller chip that control how HD operate.

HBA: Host
to host bus adapter : Converting signal from the controller to the computer.

Anatomy of Hard
Drive

**C/H/S: Cylinder/head/Sector**

**Cylinder X Head = Tracks**

**Tracks X Sector per track = Total Sector**

**HDD speed: 5400/7200/10 000/12 000**

**SSD: Solid state drive**

**Hybrid drive: Dual (HD + SSD) often used data**
is transferred to the ssd part for faster access.

**Solid Stade hybrid drive: HDD with NAND chip on**
board

**SRT: Smart response technology: Use caching for**
popular data on the faster drive in a dual drive scenario.

**-SL**
= Single layer                             -DL
= Dual layer

* **CD                                                         650/700/800/900**

MB

* **DVD +/-R/RW                   SS,SL                     4.7GB**
* **DVD -R/+R                         SS,SL                     8.55GB**
* **BD -R/RE                             SS,SL                     25GB**
* **BD -R/RE                             SS,DL                    50GB**
* **BD -R/RE                             DS,DL                    100GB**

### **Optical drive data rate**

**CD-ROM                              1X = 150 KBps**

**2X**
= 300 KBps

**8X**
= 1.2 MBps

**(Multiplier**
by data buffering)

**16X/32X/52X**

**DVD                                      1X = 1.4**
MBps

**16X**
max speed

**BD                                          1X =**
4.5 MBps  (30X the speed of cd 1X)

**2X**
needed for commercial video playback

**DVD ROM : Data encoded is unchangeable**

**DVD -R/+R: Write once**

**DVD -RW/+RW: Multiplies use**

**IDE PATA: Legacy**

**SATA 1 : 1.5 Gbps            sata 150**

**SATA 2 : 3 Gbps               sata**
300

**SATA 3 : 6 Gbps               sata**
600

### **RAID: Redundant Array of independent disk**

* **Raid**

0 : Disk stripping

* **Raid**

1 : Disk Mirroring

* **Raid**

5 : Redundancy with parity + speed

* **Raid**

6 : Like 5 but it can loose 2 disk

* **Raid**

10: 1+0 OR 0+1 (Minimum 4 disk, 50% loss for redundancy)

### **Sequential tape format**

* **QID                        Quarter inch cartridge                  200Kb to 1GB**
* **DLT                        Digital line tape                              Up to 800 GB**
* **Data8/exabyte Eight millimetre                             Up to 60 GB**
* **DAT/DSS              Digital audio tape                           Up to 300 GB**
* **LTO                        Linear Tape-Open                          up to 2.5 TB**

### **Memory card format**

* **SD                          Secure Digital                                   32X24 mm**
* **MiniSD                                                                               21.5X20**

mm

* **MicroSD                                                                             15X11**

mm

* **CF                           Compact Flash                                 36X43 mm**
* **XD-Picture**

card                                                               20X25 mm

**AT power connector = Depreciated**

**MOLEX: Standard peripheral power connector**

**ATX power connector: Single 20 pin connector**

**ATX 12v: Needed for PCIe 4/6/8 pin**

**EPS12v**

## **Peripheral & Expansion**

I/O :                       -USB card

-Firewire  IEEE 1394

-Thunderbolt

-eSATA

Soundcard:
1/8 Jack, Legacy MIDI port & DA15

Video card:
AGP, PCIe

Network Card:
Fiber / RJ45 / BNC (Legacy coax)

Modem card:
RJ11

Riser Card:          -NLX (New Low Profile Extended)

-AMR
LNR : Multifunction card

Connector
types:

-D-sub                                  D (x) = number
of pin

EX:
DB15

-RJ series

-RJ11
telephone port

-RJ45
Ethernet

-USB: 127 device
max per/port

-1.0
= 12Mbps

-2.0
= 480Mbps

-3.0
= 5Gbps

-Support
boosting/streaming/shielding/dual simplex/host control.

-IEEE 1394 Firewire

-Isochronous
mode (Sync clock) 400 to 3200 Mbps

-Closer
saturation (Can use full speed)

-45
watts, 30v, 1.5 amp

-Work
like a network

-4.5
m (Cable length) / 100 m (fiber)

-63
devices per port

-Infrared

-16
Mbps

-Irda
std

-Line
of sight

-Less
than 4 m range

-Audio / video
jack

-RCA

-Toslink

-S/PDIF

-1/8’’      3.5 mm

-Orange
: Center / Subwoofer

-Green
: Speaker

-Blue
: Line-in

-Pink
: Microphone

-Gray
: Side L&R

-Black
: Rear L&R

-Esata

Video
display cables & connectors

-DVI: Digital Video Interface

-DVI-I : Digital
& Analog

-Single
link          WUXGA               1920X1080

-Dual
link             WQXGA               2048X1536

DVI-D: Digital
only

-Single
link          WUXGA               1920X1080

-Dual
link             WQXGA               2048X1536

DVI-A: Analog

Single & dual
link used for resolution

-HDMI: Use dual link + audio +
higher frame rate

-1.3: HD-DVD
& Blue Ray

-1.4: CEC (remote
control data) + Ethernet + anti vibration lock type E

-120
hz at 1080p

-3D
& 4K at 30hz

-2.0

-4K
60 hz

-21:9
format

-32
channel audio

-2020
color space

-2.0a: HDR =
Hight Dynamic Range

-Component video

-1 uncompressed
signal & 2 compressed

-COAX RGB color
coded (BNC in broadcast quality)

-Luma = Y =
Uncompressed signal (Colorless)

-Pb         Pr

-Composite video : RCA ( Yellow
jack)

-DisplayPort

-VESA : Video
Electronics Association

-Lower voltage
than HDMI

-33m cable max
length

-20 pin

-MDP : Mini
DisplayPort

-Thunderbolt

-4x PCIe 2.0 +
DisplayPort

-3m cable / 60m optical

-20 Gbps

-18v 9.9w

-DAISY chain via
hub up to 6 level

**Display devices**

LCD: Liquid
crystal display

-TN : Twisted Nematic

-Better for
gamming

-Low angle of
vision

-Less expensive

-Less color
accurate

-React a lot to
touch

-IPS

-Cost more

-Better colors

-Less reactive to
touch

-Wide angle of
vision

-Require more
power

-More expensive

Pixel addressing

-Active matrix

-Transistor
keep its charge

-Crisper
image

-Larger
viewing angle

-Need
more power

-Passive matrix

-Low
angle of vision and response time

-Muddy
look

-Dual scan

-Variation
of passive matrix

-Screen
split in half for dual scan

Backlight source

-Fluorescent bulb

-OLED

-Plasma display

-Don’t work well
in altitude

-600 hz refresh
rate

-Soap opera
effect

-Better for sport
and high motion

-OLED Display

-High contrast
ratio

-No backlight

-AMOLED or PMOLED
(for passive)

-Less power than
LCD exept when full white

-Thinner than LCD

-SAMOLED

-Touchscreen
capability

-SAMOLED+

-1.5X
more subpixel

-Projection system

-Ceiling / table
mounted

-Rear projection

Brightness

-3d
need 2X lumen

-Widescreen
need 2X lumen

Low
light environment

-1300
home / 2500 office

Medium
light environment

-1500
to 3500 home / 3000 to 4500 office

STD
light environment

-4000
to 4500 home / 5000 to 6000 office

-HID:
Hight density lamp

-WARNING the lamp need cooling down,
do not unplug the device to turn if off.

Adjusting
display setting

-Refresh rate = NB of rescan per
second

-Frame rate = NB of different
image per second

-Resolution

-LCD have native
resolution

Multiple
Display

-Need the same driver if
multiple adapter

-WDDM ( Windows )

-Enhanced graphic

-Virtual video
memory

-Pre-emptive task
scheduling

-Sharing of
direct 3D

=== Advanced
Video Resolution Concept ===

* SVGA                                    800X600 16 color
* XGA                                      800X600 64k color  /

1024X768 256 color

* WXGA                                  1280X800
* SXGA                                    1280X1024
* WSXGA                                1680X1050
* UHD                                      3840X2160
* WHUXGA                            7680X4800

**Custom configuration**

Standard
Thick client

-Standard configuration on witch
custom configuration are build

-For standard user

Graphic
& CAD / CAM Design workstation

-CPU enhancement : Up to 12-16
cores

-Video enhancement

-Maximized RAM

Audio/Video
editing workstation

-Video enhancement: CUDA \ OPEN
GL

-Specialised audio : Midi /
digital

-Specialised Hard drive 7K + RPM
SATA 6Gbps

Virtualisation
workstation

-CPU enhancement : Multicore

-Maximised RAM

Gaming PC

-CPU

-Audio

-Video

-Cooling system

Home
theater PC

-Video

-Audio

-Specialised chassis

-TV tuner (optional)

Home server
PC

-Media streaming capacity

-File sharing

-Print sharing

-Gigabit NIC

-RAID array

## **Networking Fundamental**

For 2
computer to be able to communicate the NIC must agree upon:

* -The maximum size of the data

frame

* -The amount of data sent before

confirmation

* -Time between transmission
* -Time to wait before sending

information

* -Speed a witch data transmit

RG-8
Thichnet 10base5 solid copper

-Vampire tap

RG-58 A\U
Thinnet 10base2        Stranded copper

-BNC

-F-Connector

STP:
Sheilded twisted pair

UTP:
Unsheilded twisted pair     100m

568A: Standard

-Computer to hub or switch

568B:
Crossover

-Hub to hub

-Switch to switch

-Computer to router

SMF: Single
mode fiber

MMF:
Multimode fiber