Australia

**Australia** is the only country that covers a whole continent, it was divided to eight states including, Western Australia, South Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, Victoria and Tasmania.

## History

### Pre-Colonisation

The first people were the Aborigines, they were migrated by rafts, some were successful but some were not. They also migrated by land if that is possible if some people were in the Papua. They can reached Australia in the year 50.000 B.C., causing a mass extinction of the continent's great animals. Art was created in some sites were known to be found today, they built lot of shelter, hunted food much in the area for long period of thousand years. In the European lands before exploring Australia, the Australia was named as Terra incognita, mneaning it's called unknown land in Latin, drawings of Australia is slowly revealed throughout the 16th to 18th centuries by ships. Until during 1770, Cook landed upon the coastlines of Sydney, have find out there is more land for the British to colonise in.

### New South Wales

At 1785, ships were sent, many soldiers and 778 convicts were board in the fleet called the First Fleet, it took years to land until 1788, the colony was establish by the Governor Arthur Phillip have settled the colony and since they have no freshwater here, they moved the south to find the freshwater, but the Botany Bay was found of freshwater and settled here instead. But some natives around that region were still here, some conflicts happened in the colony by the Aboriginal attacks led out to attack the settlers.

Thousand of convicts were sent later times, as the British prisons were overflown, more were sent by many fleets. Much of the colony was big enough, to search out the new lands, many explorers found land, some were colonised. The colonisation is possible expend wider to the Eastern Australian region, the settlers were sent much but was only a few, some explorers were exploring the centre of Australia during the 19th century, because most convicts were sent, it was called a penal colony.

### Expansion

The land Van Diemen's Land was colonised by the British as a penal colony. Agriculture expended through the colonies for food, as many were sent from fleets. As the west was expended through, it was shortly a free-convict colony but later becomes a penal colony, but there were now three colonies during pre-1836, Western Australia, New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land. Later colonies were broke apart, but still a penal colony much.

The establishment of Swan River Colony was made in 1829, later named as Perth. Much of the people were terribly having femine or any kind, the moving is attempted, thousands were been moved in the colonies. Many explorers tried to draw the map on coastline to make the map more accurate like today, explorers tried to do it, the centre is difficult, due to high condition of temperature.

Gold is founded in rivers, some sites made as gold rushes throughout, making immigration possible to bring many immigrants in the British Isles, Europe, Asia and North America, during the gold rush time, hundred thousands were immigrated to here.

Bushrangers were encountered, they were criminals and they escaped the prisons for the convicts, mainly in Tasmania, settlers were fled or killed by them, partially. Bushranger activity is active through 1850 - 1870, but later many defensive forces crushed the bushrangers down.

### Federation

In 1889, Henry Parkes urges the colonies to Federate, an economic depression made the colonists not interested on the Federation.

Henry Parkes made a speech on the Tenterfield Speech whcih is about the federation, he died before the Federation was declared in 1901. Australia was separated into 6 colonies, the colonies were worried that the Asian migrants are moving to Australia, NSW and Victoria were rivals competing for the capital. After the federation was born, Edmund Barton became the first Prime Minister of Australia.

### World Wars

During World War I, thousand of soldiers fought in WWI, during battle of Gallipoli, a few thousand were killed during the battle of Gallipoli, the invasion continued on against the Ottoman Empire, as the battle was a defeat in the Gallipoli area, which all left as the ANZAC day which they remembered the past on the battle of Gallipoli.

During World War II, the country joined the war, during 1941, armies were sent out through the South East Asia, and the Mediterrean. It suffered defeat in this year, later, during the Nazi invading the Soviet Union, the armies were forced to attack the German occupied Italy, with the defences were notgood enough to fiought it back they had a victory. In the Pacific, Japanese bombers bombarded the American base of Pearl Harbor, later that time, they began to attack the Japanese Empire's occupied Papua and South East Asia, fighting back the Japanese forces that were made were retreated. As most of the military was either in Africa or Europe, Australia didn't have any forces to defend against the Japanese. American general Douglas MacArthur retreated from the Philippines, he decided to defend Australia with any forces he could get fom the ABDA. As the Japanese moved forward in Indonesia, Australians were scared that the Japanese could launch an invasion soon, This never happened and MacArthur was able to push the Japanese out of Indonesia and Japanese could no longer launch an invasion of Australia.