North America

North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere; it is also considered by some to be a northern subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea. North America covers an area of about 24,709,000 square kilometers (9,540,000 square miles), about 16.5% of the earth's land area and about 4.8% of its total surface. North America is the third largest continent by area, following Asia and Africa, and the fourth by population after Asia, Africa, and Europe. In 2013, its population was estimated at nearly 565 million people in 23 independent states, or about 7.5% of the world's population, if nearby islands (most notably the Caribbean) are included.

## Mammals

HumanWhite-tailed DeerMooseBrown BearPolar BearAmerican Black BearGrey WolfAmerican BisonBighorn SheepMountain GoatMountain LionNorth American BeaverEastern Grey SquirrelEastern CottontailStriped SkunkVirginia OpossumNorth American RaccoonNine-banded ArmadilloNorth American River OtterNorth American PorcupineEastern ChipmunkSouthern Flying SquirrelBlack-tailed JackrabbitRed FoxDomestic HorsePronghornElkCaribouHumpback WhaleCalifornia Sea LionWalrusArctic FoxMuskoxWolverineCoyoteBobcatCollared PeccaryBlack-tailed Prairie DogBlack-footed FerretSnowshoe HareCanada LynxGroundhogLittle Brown BatNorthern Short-tailed ShrewAmerican BadgerDomestic DogDomestic CatAmerican MartenSea OtterCommon Bottlenose DolphinWest Indian ManateeNarwhalGrey WhaleHarp SealNorthern Fur SealJaguarundiOcelotKinkajouPanamanian White-headed CapuchinGeoffroy's Spider MonkeyWhite-nosed CoatiBaird's TapirAmerican PikaMule DeerStar-nosed MoleRingtailGrey FoxCalifornia Ground SquirrelRed WolfFisherDall SheepSteller's Sea LionBeluga WhaleBowhead WhaleMexican Free-tailed BatNorthern Elephant SealHawaiian Monk SealSouthern Grasshopper MouseWhite-footed MouseWestern Spotted SkunkLeast ChipmunkYellow-bellied MarmotAmerican MinkHispaniolan SolenodonMeadow VolePacific White-sided DolphinFin WhaleSaber-toothed Cat†*Homotherium*†Short-faced Bear†American Mastodon†Columbian Mammoth†Long-horned Bison†Dire Wolf†*Daeodon*†*Megacerops*†*Embolotherium*†*Hyaenodon*†*Synthetoceras*†*Nothrotheriops*†
## Birds

Bald EagleRed-tailed HawkGreat Horned OwlPeregrine FalconWood DuckCanada GooseBlue JayRuby-throated HummingbirdWild TurkeyGreat Blue HeronNorthern CardinalCommon RavenPileated WoodpeckerBlue-winged WarblerGreater RoadrunnerCalifornia QuailBrown PelicanKeel-billed Toucan*Teratornis*†American RobinWestern OspreyTurkey VultureEastern BluebirdVermilion FlycatcherResplendent QuetzalCuban AmazonCalifornia CondorSwallow-tailed KiteBurrowing OwlEastern Screech OwlGreater Sage GrouseRed-winged BlackbirdHouse FinchMourning DoveAmerican GoldfinchWhooping CraneSharp-tailed GrouseLoggerhead ShrikeAmerican KestrelBrown-headed CowbirdYellow-headed AmazonRoseate SpoonbillPassenger Pigeon†Jamaican OrioleCarolina Parakeet†Green-breasted MangoBlack-capped ChickadeeTree SwallowHawaiian GooseBlack-billed MagpieNorthern GoshawkCommon LoonRuffed GrouseLaughing GullLong-tailed ManakinBelted KingfisherElf OwlTrumpeter SwanPurple MartinThree-wattled BellbirdGreat Grey OwlAmerican FlamingoKing EiderAmerican Herring GullCanvasbackGreen-winged TealHooded MerganserSnow GooseHarris' HawkWestern GrebeAnhingaAmerican BitternRed KnotNorthern MockingbirdAmerican Purple GallinuleCommon NighthawkNorthern FlickerRuddy DuckAmerican CrowCooper's HawkEmerald ToucanetGreat KiskadeeGreen JayWestern TanagerScarlet HoneycreeperGreat EgretArctic WarblerAnna's HummingbirdWestern MeadowlarkGreen HeronGreater Prairie ChickenThick-billed ParrotShort-eared OwlGila WoodpeckerRed-lored AmazonGreat Auk†
## Reptiles

American AlligatorGreen Sea TurtleGila MonsterWestern Diamondback RattlesnakeEastern CopperheadEastern Box Turtle*Thalassomedon†*Green AnoleCommon Collared LizardEyelash ViperRegal Horned LizardCentral American Jumping PitviperCommon KingsnakeDesert TortoisePlumed BasiliskCuban CrocodileMexican Beaded Lizard*Cymbospondylus*†Spiny Softshell TurtlePainted TurtleAlligator Snapping TurtleDiamondback TerrapinCommon ChuckwallaAmerican CrocodileOlive Ridley Sea TurtleFive-Lined SkinkSmooth Green SnakeCommon Side-Blotched Lizard*Deinosuchus*†*Pteranodon*†*Quetzalcoatlus*†*Mosasaurus*†*Elasmosaurus*†*Brachauchenius*†*Archelon*†*Ophthalmosaurus*†
## Dinosaurs

*Tyrannosaurus*†*Allosaurus*†*Triceratops*†*Stegosaurus*†*Apatosaurus*†*Deinonychus*†*Parasaurolophus*†*Ankylosaurus*†*Brachiosaurus*†*Ceratosaurus*†*Troödon*†*Pachycephalosaurus*†*Stygimoloch*†*Edmontosaurus*†*Styracosaurus*†*Pachyrhinosaurus*†Gorgosaurus*Dilophosaurus*†*Utahraptor*†*Diplodocus*†*Coelophysis*†
## Amphibians

Red-eyed Tree FrogAmerican BullfrogStrawberry Poison FrogSpring PeeperSpotted SalamanderEastern NewtColorado River ToadTiger SalamanderHellbenderAxolotlCommon MudpuppyWood FrogTexas Blind Salamander
## Fish

Sockeye SalmonRainbow TroutTrumpetfishScrawled FilefishYellow StingrayPacific Angelshark*Protosphyraena*†Pacific Spiny LumpsuckerGreat HammerheadLargemouth BassHalfmoonAmerican PaddlefishKelp BassSpotted RatfishAlligator GarWhite MarlinBonefishBluegillDwarf SeahorseGaribaldiOcean SunfishLongnose GarStriped SurgeonfishAtlantic SailfishBrown BullheadAtlantic TripletailVeiled AnglemouthBlue RunnerGreater Amberjack*Caproberyx*†Atlantic Goliath GrouperRoughhead GrenadierBonnetheadAtlantic MenhadenMexican TetraCownose RayPacific Electric RaySarcastic FringeheadShovelnose GuitarfishDunkleosteus†Pelican EelCalifornia SheepheadSlender Snipe EelRainbow ParrotfishCretoxyrhina†Bluestriped GruntMahi-MahiKole TangFanfinAtlantic SturgeonPolar CodBanded AngelfishNorthern AnchovyBluntnose Sixgill SharkSaddle ButterflyfishOrangespine UnicornfishAtlantic TarponSandbar SharkPilot FishLeopard SharkGiant KelpfishKing MackerelArctic CharAtlantic WolffishCalifornia HalibutSwell SharkCalifornia MorayPopeye GrenadierLake SturgeonPacific SanddabBlacksmithGiant HatchetfishTripod FishGreater WeeverYellowtail RockfishOval ButterflyfishAtlantic SalmonRed Irish LordStareaterLingcodLemon SharkOyster ToadfishSilky SharkCalifornia GrunionLesser Devil RayBinocular FishFantail FlounderCommon FangtoothAtlantic HerringBrown TroutChum SalmonElsman's WhipnoseWhite SturgeonBeluga SturgeonNorthern StargazerAtlantic FootballfishPacific Sleeper SharkPorkfishPink Vent FishYellowfin TunaPacific Spiny DogfishGrey Smooth-Hound*Hyneria*†SeñoritaProwfishSalmon Shark
## Invertebrates

Monarch ButterflyGreen DarnerAmerican CockroachMexican Red-knee TarantulaCopepodWhite-lined SphinxBark ScorpionEast Pacific Red OctopusMottled Red ChitonGiant Pacific OctopusGrooved Brain CoralCommon Blue MorphoCaribbean Hermit CrabBlack Garden AntArmy AntPredatory TunicateCitrus Flatid PlanthopperOpalescent SquidCalifornia Spiny LobsterColorado Potato BeetleBrown PrionidIo MothYeti CrabSea PigGiant IsopodBloodybelly Comb JellySea ButterflyPacific Mole CrabSea GingerVenus GirdleAmerican Giant MillipedeSheep CrabGiant Green AnemoneSouthern Black WidowSpicebush SwallowtailAtlantic Sea NettleGlass SquidSea AngelCalifornia AglajaVenus Sea FanAtlantic Blue CrabHooded NudibranchAlkali FlyYellow Tube SpongeOpalescent NudibranchGreen Drake MayflyReindeer Warble FlyAcorn BarnacleHawaiian Bobtail SquidCommon Blanket OctopusPainted GrasshopperNorthern Kelp CrabKing RagwormFlapjack OctopusHard ClamMertensia OvumCommon EarthwormCalifornia MusselCommon Fruit Fly*Anomalocaris*†Lion's Mane JellyfishSunflower Sea StarCommon WaspRed Rock CrabVampire SquidRed King Crab*Jaekelopterus*†