1531 BC

Map 67: 1531 BC. Previous map: **1557 BC**. Next map: **1504 BC** (*Maps Index*)

**GETAE**
**Gepid.**
**Cur.**
**Oiom**
**CIMBRI**
**Duna**
**RUTENI**
**PALT.**
**DANIA**
**Jutonia**
**Gothia**
**SUEDIA**
**RAUMICA**
**Bothnia**
**GETULIA**
**SAL.**
**Liguria**
**Winnili**
**Fris.**
**Ang.**
**Estones**
**Sitones**
**Qua.**
**Boh.**
**Sen.**
**Teu.**
**Rugi**
**Vand.**
**Windica**
**Saxones**
**CELTICA**
**Albion**
**BRI.**
**FOMOIRE**
**ELGA**
**Celtib.**
**HISPANIA**
**BOIGERIA**
**NORICA**
**HELV.**
**Raet.**
**SAN.**
**PAN.**
**DALM.**
**Thracia**
**Molossia**
**Italia**
**Aus.**
**MAC.**
**Thess.**
**SIC.**
**AR.**
**MY.**
**SP.**
**Sicelia**
**Cyrene**
**LIBYA**
**Wawat**
**Nabatea**
**Midian**
**AT**
**CRETA**
**HANIGALBAT**
**COLCHIS**
**BABILI**
**Hana**
**SEALAND**
**YAM**
**ASHUR**
**KAS.**
**Sus.**
**War.**
**SHI.**
**Alans**
**ISR.**
**Hab.**
**AMU**
**Edom**
**TAWY**
**Kenaan**
**SARMATIA**
**AMAZONES**
**TROA.**
**BE.**
**CY.**
**AE**
**SCYTHIA**
**Massagetae**
**LUWIA**
**Kizz.**
**Side**
**Rifath**
**Hyr**
**Saga**
**Celtoscyth.**
**GOIDEL**
**Tog.**
**Madai**
**HATTI**
**Ala.**
**Kashki**
**MAR.**

1531 BC - NEW KINGDOM OF EGYPT

## MAIN EVENTS

### 1556-1534 BC - Hyksos expelled from Egypt and defeated

Seqenenre's fight against Apepi led to Thebes' defeat and his death in battle in 1555 BC. His successor Kamose campaigned first against Kush, then from his 3rd year, 1552 BC, against the Hyksos, now led since 1553 BC by Khamudi. Kamose pushed the Hyksos north to within 100 miles of their capital Avaris in the delta, by the time he was succeeded in 1550 BC by his brother and co-Pharaoh, Ahmose I. Ahmose captured Avaris in 1540 BC and the Hyksos fled to Kenean, where they seized the fort at Sharuhen, from part of the inheritance of Simeon of Israel. Here they held out against Ahmose' forces for a 6 year siege, before Sharuhen was destroyed in 1534 BC, ending the Hyksos. Ahmose for reunifying Egypt is considered the start of the New Kingdom, and the Eighteenth Dynasty.

Pharaoh KamosePharaoh Ahmose IAhmose slaying a Hyksos
### 1551-1528 BC - Reign of Hattushili I in Hatti

Hattushili I succeeded Labarna in 1551 BC and ruled from Hattusas, though his predecessor Anitta who destroyed it a century earlier had cursed anyone who dared resettle there. Annals of some years of Hattushili's campaigns are known: 1) He sieged Sanahuita, destroyed Zalpua; 2) He defeated Amitaqu of Alalakh and sacked the city; defeated the Hurrians of Urshu who were helped by Yamkhad and Carchemish; 3) Seized livestock and pastures from Arzawa (Luwia), but then Hurrians flooded the west so he returned to subdue them; 4) Sacked Sanahuita; 5) Defeated Yamkhad and Issuwa at battle of Mt. Italur; crossed Euphrates and destroyed Issuwa, capturing much silver for Hatti...

Toward the end of his reign, he apparently subdued both Arzawa and Troy, then was killed trying to take Yamkhad in 1528 BC.

The Habiru make another appearance during this time, in the 'Tikunani prism', ca 1542 BC, listing Habiru mercenaries fighting for the Hurrians against Hattushili. It seems most of these Habiru had Hurrian names and the rest Semitic ones; and indeed Hurrian was replacing Amorite as the major language of Yamkhad and even Kenean around now.

In Babylon, Ammi-saduqa succeeded Ammi-ditana in 1551 BC, and continued the 'Pax Babyloniaca' in the region throughout these years.

### 1545 BC - Olbius in Celtica

Olbius came to reign in Celtica after Lemannus in 1545 BC, just before the text of the "Manethonian supplement" breaks off. Thus it is unknown who the next kings of Celtica were until Galathes II in 1318 BC. Since the annals went missing long ago, before 300 BC, French accounts make Galathes II the son and successor of Olbius.

Olbius is said to have gone to fight and build forts in Asia, leaving Bebracte as regent ruling from Toulouse.

### 1537 BC - Danish-Swedish Peace

In the unknown years following Larein in Boigeria after 1546 BC, we learn from Scandinavian chronicles that Toste the Wicked, a Jutland renegade defeated the Saxon general Syfrid in the field, then persuaded Syfrid to join with him for a campaign on King Hadding of Danica. After wins and losses on both sides, Toste eventually escaped to Britannia.

King Uffo of Swedica also went to war with King Hadding of Danica, and placed a bounty on Hadding for the reward of Uffo's daughter in marriage. Thuning of the Biarmenses answered the call and attacked Hadding at Helsinki, but Hadding escaped to Norway where he rescued Ragnhild, daughter of Hakon, King of the Nitherians, from betrothal to a 'giant', whom Hadding slew and married Ragnhild. The Nitherians seem to have been located in Northern Norway.

Eventually in 1537 BC, Hadding slew Uffo at Uppsala, just as he had slain Uffo's father Asmund in 1581 BC and his grandfather Swipdag in 1589 BC. As a show of magnanimity to the Swedes, Hadding appointed Uffo's brother Hunding as their new King, and the two kings pledged brotherhood to the point that if one died, the other should take his life.

Meanwhile Toste had conscripted another force in Britannia, but Hadding slew him upon his return to Dania. Hadding then survived an assassination attempt by a certain Gutthorm, who had married his daughter Ulfhild, leading to the unfortunate rumor that Hadding had died, resulting in both Hunding and Hadding taking their lives in 1535 BC, in a sequence reminiscent of Romeo and Juliet.

Frodo I ruled Danica after his father Hadding from 1535 BC, while in Swedica, Hunding's queen Thorhilda took over as regent, consigning his infant sons and heirs by another wife, Ragnar and Thorwald, to be livestock keepers.

### 1534 BC - Cyzicus founded

Pandion II in Athens was exiled to Megara in 1545 BC, but his son Aegeus drove out the usurpers the Meteonids and succeeded him in Athens. Crete then went to war with Athens, and Minos may have abducted Europa a few years before; if that date is correct she was probably not Phoenician nor the sister of Cadmus. In Aegeus' 11th year, 1534 BC, the colony of Cyzicus was founded on the Hellespont past Troy, by Thessalians.

Bebryces, between Cyzicus and Mariandina, was set up as a 'barbarian' kingdom around the same time, and with the appearance of this name so close to Bebracte above, it seems not unreasonable to guess that this was the fief in Asia where Olbius built forts. When the annals resume in 1318 BC with Galathes II, the Celts are securely allied with the Cimmerians, Amazons etc as he is king in both Celtica and Cimmeria. So this establishment of 'Bebryces' in former Amazon territory on the frontlines may well represent the beginnings of that alliance.

### 1531 BC - Fir Bolg invade Ireland

In 1531 BC, 5000 Fir Bolg escaped whatever king in Greece they served, stealing 1,139 pinnaces from him and sailing to Hispania or Celtiberia briefly, where the king was Magmor or Madhmor, then to Ireland, which they conquered from the Fomorians and called Elga. Five chiefs divided the island into five parts and chose one of them, Slanga, as High King.