Disionario elefen-espaniol

A

**a**¹ [a] *letra* a.

**a**² *prep.* • at, in, on (*un punto en el espacio o en el tiempo*); p. ej. *nos senta a la table*; *la barco es a mar*; *me va parti a la fini de la semana*; *a 26 julio 1887*; *a la ora des-sinco*. • (*en relación*) a; p. ej. *tu sta tro prosima a la borda*; *la pen parteni a me*; *la forma de Italia es simil a un gama*; *a la min*. • en la dirección de, hacia; v.g. *el desira viaja a la Luna*; *de tempo a tempo*; *me va dona un oso a tua can*; *la idea pare bon a me*; *la sorsor ia cambia se a un capra*; *on va eleje tu a presidente*; *el ia pinti sua mures a jala*; *tradui un poesia a elefen*. • (*influenciando a otro*) a (*hacer algo*); p. ej. *el comanda la soldatos a ataca la fortres*. — *Me instrui tu a comprende* significa que quiero que "tú" entiendas, mientras que  *me instrui tu per comprende* signica que el objetivo es para "mí" entender. • (*aclarando*, *si es necesario*, *que la siguiente preposición indica movimiento hacia una ubicación*); p. ej. *la gato ia salta a sur la table*; *me pone la libros (a) en la saco*. • (*convirtiendo la siguiente preposición en un adverbio que indica la ubicación o el movimiento*); v.g. *la saco es a supra*;*me va pone la saco a supra*; *la gato ia salta a su*; *el ia resenia la teatral a pos*. Ver *ante, contra, cuando, do, en, entre, pos, sirca, su, supra, sur*.

**a**³ *interj.* ah, aha.

**-a**⁴ *n.suff.* hembra; fruto; p.ej. *tio/tia*; *pero/pera*; *oranio/orania*. Ver *-o*.

**a-**⁵ *pref.* a-.

**a-uu** *interj.* au (*aullando*).

**aa** *abr.* (*ante aora*) antes de ahora, antes del presente, hace.

**abaco** *n.* ábaco.

**abadal** *adj.* abacial.

**abade** *n.* abad. **abade xef** prior, archimandrita.

**abaderia** *n.* abadía.

**abadesa** *n.* abadesa.

**abadia** *n.* abadía (cargo, mandato, jurisdicción).

**abaia** *vt.*  *n.* ladrar, graznar, cantar (p.ej.:  *abaia un comanda)*; graznido.

**abaieta** *vt.*  *n.* chismorrear; cotorreo, cháchara

**abalon** *n.* abulón (*Haliotis*).

**abandona** *vt.* abandonar, aislar, desierto, huérfano;plantar, dejar plantado, abandonar, renunciar, dejar atrás, chuck; tiempo de espera (*software*). ● *n.* abandono, tiempo de espera (*software*). **abandona la scola** expulsado de la escuela.**abandona militar** deserción. **abandona sua posto** abandonar el propio puesto, desertar.

**abandonada** *adj.* abandonado, abandonada.

**abandonor** *n.* desertor.

**abcaz** *adj.* & *n.* abjasio, abjaz (*persona*, *lengua*).

**Abcazia** *n.* Abjasia.

**abea** *n.* abeja (*Apis*). **abea laborante**  abeja obrera. **abea mas** zángano. **rea de abeas** abeja reina.

**abeon** *n.* abejorro (*Bombus*).

**abeor** *n.* apicultor.

**aberia** *n.* colmena, colmenar, apiario.

**abeto** *n.* abeto (*Abies*).

**Abisinia** *n.* Abisinia, Imperio Etíope.

**abisinian** *adj.* y *n.* abisinio.

**abita** *v.* vivir en, habitar, residir en, instalarse en; p. ej. *el abita un aparte*; *el abita en Moscva*; *el abita en la campania*; *el abita un caseta en la campania*. ● *n.* habitación, residencia.

**abitable** *adj.* habitable, inhabitable.

**abitablia** *n.* habitabilidad.

**abitada** *adj.* habitado. ● *n.* habitat. **abitada de studiantes**  residencia de estudiantes, residencia estudiantil, residencia universitaria.

**abital** *adj.* residencial.

**abitante** *adj.* residente.

**abiteria** *n.* residencia, domicilio.

**abitor** *n.* habitante, residente. **abitor de cava** cavernícola, troglodita, hombre de las cavernas. **abitor luante**inquilino. **abitores**habitantes, residentes, población.

**abitua** *vi.* acostumbrase a, habituarse a; p ej. *el abitua a labora en la note*; *el ia abitua a eroina*. ● *vt.* acostumbrar a. ●*n.* hábito, convención; adición. **abitua sosial** convención social. **mal abitua** mal hábito, vicio.

**abituada** *adj.* habituado, acostumbrado. **nonabituada** *adj.* desacostumbrado, raro.

**abitual** *adj.* habitual.

**abituante** *adj.* adictivo.

**abjad** *n.* abyad (*sistema de escritura*).

**ablativa** *adj.* *n.* ablativo (*gramática*).

**-able** *adj. suf.* -able, -ible; p. ej. *comable*; *lejable*; *lodable*; *notable*; *vidable*.

**aboli** *v tr.* abolir. ● *interj.* ¡abajo …!; p. ej. *aboli la gera!* ● *n.*abolición.

**abolisme** *n.* abolicionismo.

**aboliste** *adj.*  *n.* abolicionista.

**aborta** *v in.* abortar, terminar, cancelar, perder. ● *v tr.* abortar, terminar, cancelar. ● *n.* aborto, terminación. **aborta natural** *v in.* abortar de forma natural. ● *n.* aborto espontáneo, aborto natural.

**abortada** *adj.* abortivo.

**abortiste** *adj.* y *n.* abortista.

**abrable** *adj.* .

**abracadabra** *interj.* abracadabra, hocus pocus.

**abrasa** *vt.*  *n.* abrazar, achuchar. **abrasa ursin** abrazo de oso.

**abrasable** *adj.*abrazable.

**abrasador** *n.* abrazadera, sargento, cepo. **abrasador de diton** aplastapulgares. **abrasador fisada** tornillo de banco.

**abrasadorin** *adj.* .

**abrasante** *adj.* apretado, ceñido.

**abri** *v in.* abrirse. ● *vt.* abrir. ● *n.* apertura, orificio (*acción*, *resultado*). **abri la via de** pionero.

**abribote** *n.*abrelatas.

**abribotela** *n.*abrebotellas.

**abricoca** *n.*albaricoque (*fruta*).

**abricoco** *n.* albaricoque (*árbol*: *Prunus armeniaca*).

**abrida** *adj.* abierto, franco, expuesto. **de fonte abrida** . **pico abrida** .

**abridia** *n.* espacio, amplitud.

**abrinte** *adj.* abierto, de apertura. **abrinte vias** pionero, innovador, revolucionario.

**abrioio** *n.*  revelación, sorpresa.

**abrisita** *n.* comillas de apertura.

**abrivia** [abrivía] *n.*pionero.

**abrotano** *n.* southernwood (*planta*: *Artemisia abrotanum*).

**abugida** *n.* abugida, alphasyllabary (*writing system*).

**abunda** *vi.* abound. ● *n.* abundance, plenty, plenitude.

**abundante** *adj.* abounding, abundant, bountiful, plentiful, copious.

**Acaba** *n.* Aqaba. **Golfo Acaba** Gulf of Aqaba, Gulf of Eilat.

**acad** *adj.*  *n.* Akkadian (*person*, *language*).

**academia** *n.* academy. **academias** academia, academe.

**academial** *adj.* academic.

**academin** *adj.* academic, irrelevant in practice.

**academiste** *n.* academician, academy member.

**Acadia** *n.* Acadia (*French colony*).

**acadian** *adj.*  *n.* Acadian.

**acantisita** *n.* New Zealand wren (*Acanthisittidae*).

**acanto** *n.* acanthus (*plant*: *Acanthus*).

**acantosefalo** *n.* acanthocephalan (*worm*: *Acanthocephala*).

**acariase** *n.* mange.

**acariasica** *adj.* mangy, mangey.

**acaro** *n.* mite (*arachnid*: *Acariformes*, *Parasitiformes*).

**acasi** *vi.*  *vt.* randomize, jumble, shuffle, mix.

**acasia**¹ *n.* acacia, thorntree, wattle (*Acacia*).

**acasia**² *n.* randomness, arbitrariness, jumble.

**acasisme** *n.* opportunism.

**acasiste** *adj.* opportunistic, taking the opportunity. ● *n.* opportunist.

**acaso** *adj.* random, arbitrary, erratic, haywire, accidental, incidental, adventitious, fortuitous. ● *adv.* randomly, arbitrarily, by chance, by accident, accidentally, incidentally. ● *n.* chance, luck, accident (*event*). **acaso locada** adventitious, placed accidentally. **bon acaso** happy chance, piece of good luck, serendipity.

**acc** *abbr.* (*ance conoseda como*) a.k.a.

**Acea** *n.* Achaea (*Greek region*).

**acean** *adj.*  *n.* Achaean.

**acel** *det.* that, those, yonder, yon. ● *pron.* that, that one; the former. **aceles** those, those ones. **par acel**thereby.

**acemenan** *adj.*  *n.* Achaemenid (*dynasty*).

**acenio** *n.* achene (*botany*).

**Aciten** *n.* Aquitaine, Aquitania (*French region*).

**aclama** *vt.* acclaim, cheer, cheer for. ● *n.* acclamation, cheer, cheering. **aclama final** curtain call.

**acne** *n.* acne.

**acompania** *vt.* accompany, escort. ● *n.* accompaniment, companionship, company, concomitance.

**acompaniable** *adj.* companionable.

**acompaniada** *adj.* accompanied. **acompaniada par** accompanied by, in the company of.

**acompaniante** *adj.* accompanying, concomitant, incidental.

**acompanior** *n.* companion, partner, escort.

**acompaniste** *n.* accompanist.

**Aconcagua, Monte** *n.* Aconcagua.

**aconito** *n.* aconite, monkshood, wolfsbane (*plant*: *Aconitum*).

**acorda** *vt.* agree to, consent, assent, accede, be in agreement (*about*), concur, accord; agree (*grammar*); match up, correspond, tally (*with*); be compatible; e.g. *el ia acorda canta*. ● *n.* agreement, accordance, consent, consensus, concord, congruence, congruity, compatibility; entente; chord (*music*). **acorda con testa** nod one’s head. **acorda de coesiste** modus vivendi, agreement to coexist. **acorda de nonrevela** non-disclosure agreement. **acorda formal** formal agreement, contract, deal, covenant, terms. **acorda unida**unanimity. **en acorda unida** unanimous.

**acordable** *adj.* compatible.

**acordada** *adj.* agreed, consensual. **formal acordada** formally agreed, contractual.

**acordante** *adj.* agreeing; compatible, congruent, congruous; in tune.

**acordion** *n.* accordion. **acordion diatonica** melodeon, melodion.

**acre** *n.* acre.

**acrete** *vi.* accrete. ● *n.* accretion.

**acrilica** *adj.*  *n.* acrylic.

**acrofobia** *n.* acrophobia.

**acromata** *adj.* achromatic, black and white.

**acromion** *n.* acromion.

**acronim** *adj.* acronymic, acronymous. ● *n.* acronym.

**acropoli** *n.* acropolis.

**acrostica** *adj.*  *n.* acrostic.

**acrotera** *n.* acroterion, acroterium.

**acrupi** *vi.*  *vt.* crouch, squat, hunker, duck. **acrupi se** crouch down, squat down. **acrupi temosa** cower, cringe, shrink.

**actinica** *adj.* actinic.

**actinicia** *n.* actinism (*chemistry*).

**actinido** *n.* actinide (*chemistry*).

**actinio** *n.* actinium (*element*).

**acua** *n.* agua. ● *pref.* aqua-. **acua de banio** bathwater. **acua de cala** bilge, bilgewater. **acua de calce**whitewash. **acua de cloaca** agua fecal, slop, sewage. **acua de mar** seawater. **acua de pluve** rainwater.**acua de rosa** rosewater. **acua dulse** fresh water. **acua mineral** agua mineral. **acua salosa** agua salada.**acua suteran** underground water, groundwater. **de acua dulse** freshwater. **de acua salosa** saltwater.**pinti con acua de calce** whitewash.

**acuacultur** *n.* aquaculture.

**acuaduto** *n.* acueducto.

**acual** *adj.* acuático.

**acuamarin** *adj.*  *n.* aguamarina.

**acuarela** *n.* acuarela. **depinta con acuarela** paint in watercolours (US watercolors).**depinta de acuarela** watercolour (US watercolor) painting.

**acuatinje** *n.* aquatint.

**acuavit** *n.* aquavit, akvavit (*drink*).

**acueria** *n.* acuario.

**acui** *vt.* water.

**acuifer** *n.* aquifer.

**acuin** *adj.* watery, runny, thin, non-viscous.

**acuor** *n.* water carrier, water bearer. **Acuor** *n.* Aquarius (*constellation*).

**acuosa** *adj.* watery, aqueous; waterlogged, sodden, soggy.

**acupunturiste** *n.* acupuntor.

**acusa** *vt.* accuse, charge, impeach, indict, arraign, prosecute. ● *n.* accusation, legal charge, impeachment, arraignment. **acusa de malcondui** accuse of wrongdoing, impeach.

**acusada** *adj.* acusedo. ● *n.* accused, defendant.

**acusante** *adj.* accusing, accusatory.

**acusativa** *adj.* & *n.* acusativa (*gramática*).

**acusor** *n.* accuser, plaintiff, prosecutor.

**acustica** *n.* acoustics.

**acustical** *adj.* acoustic.

**acusticiste** *n.* acoustician.

**acuta** *adj.* agudo (*medical*).

**adajio** *adj.* adagio.

**Adam** *n.* Adán.

**Aden** *n.* Aden. **Golfo Aden** Golfo de Aden.

**adenoidal** *adj.* adenoidal.

**adenoide** *n.* adenoid, pharyngeal tonsil.

**adere** *vi.*  *vt.* stick, adhere, cling. ● *n.* stickiness, adhesion, adhesiveness, adherence.

**aderente** *adj.* adhesivo, sticky, tacky. ● *n.* adhesive; sticker, sticky label.

**aderor** *n.* adherent, adept, aficionado.

**aderosa** *adj.* clingy, sticky.

**adiabatica** *adj.* adiabatic (*physics*).

**adial** *adj.* valedictory.

**adio** *interj.* goodbye, farewell, adieu. ● *n.* farewell, send-off, valediction.

**adipos** *adj.* adiposo.

**adirije** *vt.* address. ● *n.* address; path (*of a computer file*). **adirije de eposta** email address. **adirije ueb** web address, URL.

**adn** *abbr.* (*asida desosiribonucleal*) DNA.

**adobe** *n.* adobe.

**adolese** *vi.* be a teenager, pass through adolescence. ● *n.* adolescence.

**adolesente** *adj.* adolescente, teenage, teen. ● *n.* adolescente, teenager.

**adomen** *n.* abdomen, midriff.

**adomenal** *adj.* abdominal.

**adonis** *n.* adonis.

**-ador** *n.suff.* -er (*tool*, *machine*); e.g. *computador*; *cloador*; *silentador*.

**adora** *vt.* adore, worship, revere. ● *n.* adoration, worship, reverence, worshipfulness.

**adorable** *adj.* adorable, cute.

**adorablia** *n.* adorabilidad.

**adorante** *adj.* adoring, worshipful, reverent.

**adormi** *vi.* fall asleep, go to sleep. ● *vt.* send to sleep, put to sleep.

**adorminte** *n.* sleeping pill, hypnotic.

**adoror** *n.* adorer, worshipper (US worshiper), devotee.

**adota** *vt.* adopt, espouse; take up. ● *n.* adoption.

**adotada** *adj.* adopted. ● *n.* adoptee. **enfante adotada** adoptive child, child by adoption. **enfante tempora adotada** foster child.

**adotante** *adj.* adopting. **jenitores tempora adotante** foster parents. **madre tempora adotante** foster mother.

**adotor** *n.* adopter.

**adriatica** *adj.* Adriatic. **Mar Adriatica** Adriatic Sea.

**adron** *n.* hadron (*particle*).

**adsorbe** *vt.* adsorb. ● *n.* adsorption.

**aduador** *n.* adductor (*muscle*).

**adui** *vt.* adduct (*muscle*). ● *n.* adduction.

**adula** *vt.* adulate, flatter, fawn over, grovel to, toady to, suck up to, coax, wheedle, cajole, ingratiate, kowtow. ● *n.*flattery, fawning, adulation, sycophancy.

**adulante** *adj.* adulatory, flattering, fawning, sycophantic, obsequious, deferential, fawning, ingratiating, unctuous, grovelling (US groveling), toadyish, smarmy.

**adulor** *n.* flatterer, adulator, sycophant, toady.

**adulte** *adj.*  *n.* adult, grown-up.

**adultera** *vt.* adulterate, tamper with; commit adultery, fornicate, adulter, philander. ● *n.* adultery, affair, fornication.

**adulterante** *adj.* adulterous.

**adulteror** *n.* adulterer, fornicator.

**adulti** *vi.* become adult, grow up, mature.

**adultia** *n.* adulthood.

**adventisme** *n.* Adventism (*Christianity*).

**adventiste** *adj.*  *n.* adventista.

**aec** *abbr.* (*ante la eda comun*) BCE (*before the common era*), BC (*antes de Cristo*).

**afasia** *n.* afasia (*medical*).

**afasica** *adj.*  *n.* afasico.

**afelio** *n.* aphelion (*astronomía*).

**-aferese** *n.suff.* -aphaeresis (US -apheresis).

**afeta** *vt.* affect, have an effect on, influence, impinge on. ● *n.* influencia.

**afetable** *adj.* susceptible.

**afgani** *adj.*  *n.* Afghanistani, Afghani, Afghan.

**Afganistan** *n.* Afghanistan.

**afidavit** *n.* affidavit.

**afido** *n.* aphid (*Aphidoidea*).

**afin** *subord.* so that, in order that; e.g. *me va leva tu afin tu vide*. See *car*.

**afirma** *vt.* affirm, state, aver. ● *n.* affirmation.

**afirmante** *adj.* affirming, affirmative.

**afisa** *vt.* affix, attach; mount (*a picture*). ● *n.* affixing, affixation; affix; attachment (*email*).

**afluente** *n.* tributario.

**afoca** *vi.*  *vt.* drown. ● *n.* drowning.

**afonda** *vi.*  *vt.* sink, scuttle.

**afondada** *adj.* sunken.

**afonia** *n.* aphonia (*medical*).

**afonica** *adj.* afónico.

**Africa** *n.* Africa. **Africa norde** Northern Africa. **Africa sude** Southern Africa. **Africa susaharan** Subsaharan Africa. See *Sudafrica, Republica de Africa Sude*.

**african** *adj.*  *n.* africano.

**africans** *adj.* afrikaner. ● *n.* Afrikaner; Afrikaans.

**africante** *adj.*  *n.* affricate.

**afro** *adj.*  *n.* afro.

**afroamerican** *adj.*  *n.* Afro-American, African American, Negro, black.

**afroasian** *adj.* Afro-Asiatic, Afrasian, Hamito-Semitic.

**afrodisica** *adj.* aphrodisiac, aphrodisiacal. ● *n.* aphrodisiac.

**afroeurasian** *adj.* Afro-Eurasian.

**agape** *n.* ágape (*cristiandad*).

**agar** *n.* agar, agar-agar (*substancia*).

**agarico** *n.* agárico (*fungus*: *Agaricales*).

**agata** *n.* agate.

**agave** *n.* agave (*plant*: *Agave*).

**ageta** *n.* splinter, sliver, chip, chipping.

**ageti** *vi.*  *vt.* splinter, sliver, chip.

**agi** *vi.*  *vt.* sharpen, hone, whet.

**agia** *n.* sharpness, acuteness, acuity, keenness.

**agila** *n.* eagle (*Aquilinae*). **Agila** *n.* Aquila (*constellation*). **agila de mar** sea eagle (*Haliaeetinae*).

**agileta** *n.* eaglet.

**agilin** *adj.* aquiline; eagle-eyed.

**agin** *adj.* needlelike.

**aglutina** *vt.* agglutinate.

**aglutinante** *adj.* agglutinative.

**agnostica** *adj.* & *n.* agnóstico

**agnosticisme** *n.* agnosticismo.

**ago** *n.* aguja, hand (*reloj*, *compass*). **ago de croxe** crochet needle, crochet hook. **ago de pino** pine needle.**ago de tricota** knitting needle.

**agopuntur** *n.* acupuntura.

**agora** *n.* agora.

**agorafobia** *n.* agoraphobia.

**agorafobica** *adj.* agoraphobic. ● *n.* agoraphobe.

**agosto** *n.* august.

**-agra** *n.suff.* -agra (*pain*).

**agrega** *vi.* aggregate, combine, conglomerate, agglomerate. ● *n.* aggregation, aggregate, combination, conglomeration, conglomerate, agglomeration (*action*, *result*).

**agrimonia** *n.* agrimony (*Agrimonia*).

**agronomia** *n.* agronomy.

**agronomial** *adj.* agronomic, agronomical.

**agronomiste** *n.* agronomist.

**agu** [agú] *adj.* sharp, pointed, pointy; acute, keen (*sense*); acute (*angle*).

**aguti** *n.* common agouti (*rodent*: *Dasyprocta*).

**aha** [ahá] *interj.* aha.

**ahimsa** *n.* ahimsa (*Buddhism*, *Hinduism*).

**ai** *interj.* oh dear, sigh, alas, alack.

**aiai** *n.* aye-aye (*primate*: *Daubentonia madagascariensis*).

**aiatola** *n.* ayatollah.

**aicido** *n.* aikido.

**aida** *vt.* help, assist, aid, abet, help out; serve (*customer*); improve. ● *interj.* help, mayday. ● *n.* help, assistance, aid, succour (US succor). **aida medical** medical assistance, healthcare. **aida sosial** welfare, dole. **sin aida**without help, by oneself, on one’s own.

**aidador** *n.* assistant, wizard. **aidador personal** personal digital assistant, PDA, handheld computer, palmtop.

**aidamemoria** *n.* reminder, memory aid, aide-mémoire, mnemonic. **aidamemoria secreta** cheatsheet.

**aidante** *adj.* helping, auxiliary, ancillary; complicit.

**aidaoia** *n.* hearing aid.

**aidapasea** *n.* walker, walking frame.

**aidaservor** *n.* busboy, busgirl, busser.

**aidor** *n.* helper, helpmate, assistant, aide, acolyte, accomplice, sidekick. **aidor de xasa** hunting guide, gillie, ghillie, gilly. **aidor militar** adjutant. **aidor sosial** social worker, caseworker.

**aidosa** *adj.* helpful, constructive. ● *n.* samaritan.

**aidosia** *n.* helpfulness.

**ailanto** *n.* ailanthus (*tree*: *Ailanthus*).

**ainstainio** *n.* einsteinium (*element*).

**aira** *n.* air; (*colloquial*) weather. **con aira fluetante** draughty (US drafty). **de aira a aira** air-to-air. **de aira a tera** air-to-surface, air-to-ground. **en la aira** in the air, aloft, in mid air, mid-air. **sin aira** airless; out of breath, breathless.

**airador** *n.* snorkel, breathing mask, aerator.

**airal** *adj.* aerial, in the air, of the air; overhead (*cable*).

**airi** *vt.* air, aerate. ● *n.* aeration.

**airo-** *pref.* aero-.

**airobial** *adj.* aerobic. **eserse airobial** aerobic exercise, aerobics.

**airobio** *n.* aerobe.

**airocompania** *n.* airline.

**airodinamica** *n.* aerodynamics.

**airodinamical** *adj.* aerodynamic, streamlined.

**airofolia** *n.* aerofoil (US airfoil).

**airograf** *n.* airbrush.

**airografi** *vt.* airbrush.

**airojel** *n.* aerogel, frozen smoke.

**airolito** *n.* aerolite (*meteorite*).

**airolojia** *n.* aerology.

**airolojial** *adj.* aerological.

**aironautica** *n.* aeronautics.

**aironautical** *adj.* aeronautical.

**airoporto** *n.* airport. **airoporto de jetos** jetport.

**airoposta** *vt.* *n.* airmail.

**airosa** *adj.* airy.

**airosol** *n.* aerosol.

**airospasio** *n.* airspace; aerospace.

**airostato** *n.* aerostat (*including balloon*). **airostato dirijable** airship, dirigible. **airostato nonrijida** blimp, non-rigid airship. **airostato rijida** zeppelin, rigid airship. **airostato semirijida** semi-rigid airship.

**Aiti** *n.* Haiti.

**aitian** *adj.*  *n.* Haitian.

**ajena** *vi.'**vt.*****kneel, kowtow.**ajena se**kneel down, genuflect.**

**ajenda** *n.* agenda, day planner, appointment book, diary; docket, to-do list.

**ajendi** *vt.* schedule, put in one’s diary.

**ajendida** *adj.* scheduled.

**ajenero** *adj.* agender, gender-neutral, unisex. ● *n.* agender person.

**ajente** *n.* agent, broker, intermediary, attaché. **ajente asecurinte** underwriter. **ajente de aposta** bookmaker, bookie. **ajente de cambia** stockbroker. **ajente de imobila** estate agent, real estate agent, realtor. **ajente de intercambia** broker, intermediary. **ajente de potia** powerbroker. **ajente de sposi** matchmaker.**ajente media** middleman. **ajente secreta** secret agent.

**ajenteria** *n.* agency. **ajenteria de aida** relief agency. **ajenteria de compensa** clearing house. **ajenteria de intercambia** brokerage. **ajenteria secreta** secret service.

**ajetival** *adj.* adjectival.

**ajetivin** *adj.* adjectival, adjective-like.

**ajetivo** *n.* adjective.

**ajil** *adj.* agile, nimble, sprightly, lithe, limber.

**ajilia** *n.* agility, nimbleness.

**ajiografia** *n.* hagiography.

**ajiografiste** *n.* hagiographer.

**ajita** *vt.* agitate, excite, upset, fluster, worry, trouble, perturb. ● *n.* agitation, excitement, ado, tizzy, trouble.

**ajitada** *adj.* agitated, excited, upset, distraught, restless, restive, fitful, fidgety.

**ajitor** *n.* agitator.

**ajitprop** *n.* agitprop.

**ajunta** *vt.* add, append, annex; impart (*quality*); e.g. *ajunta sal a la sopa*; *ajunta tre nomes nova a un lista*;*ajunta du e du e fini con sinco*. ● *n.* addition, annexation. **en ajunta** in addition, besides, furthermore, moreover. **en ajunta a** in addition to, besides.

**ajuntable** *adj.* addable, subsidiary, supplementary, extra. ● *n.* accessory, accoutrement, appurtenance; add-on, add-in, plug-in, extension module.

**ajuntada** *adj.* additional, in addition, extra, ancillary, supplementary. ● *n.* annexe (US annex), extension, appendix, addendum, adjunct.

**ajusta** *vi.* adjust, adapt, acclimatize. ● *vt.* adjust, adapt, fit, tune, configure, calibrate; tune up (*music*). ● *n.*adaptation, adaption, adjustment, calibration; tune-up; (*software*) setting, configuration (*action*, *result*).**ajusta a** adjust to, adapt to, accommodate (*change*).

**ajustable** *adj.* adaptable, adjustable, tunable, configurable, flexible.

**ajustablia** *n.* adaptabilidad, ajustabilidad.

**ajustada** *adj.* adapted, adjusted, fitted, tuned, configured.

**ajustador** *n.* adjuster, adapter, tuner (*device*).

**ajustal** *adj.* adaptive.

**ajusteta** *vi.* & *vt.* fine-tune, tweak.

**ajustisme** *n.* adaptationism.

**ajustiste** *n.* adaptationist.

**ajustor** *n.* adapter, adjuster, fitter, tuner (*person*).

**-al**¹ *adj.suff.* -al, -y (*pertaining to*); e.g. *siensal*.

**-al**² *n.suff.* -al (*aldehyde*).

**ala**¹ [alá] *adv.* there, yonder; to there, thither. **a ala** to there, thither. **de ala** from there, thence.

**ala**² *n.* wing; fly, flap. **con alas** winged, alate.

**Alabama** *n.* Alabama (*US state*).

**alabastrin** *adj.* alabaster (*in smoothness and whiteness*).

**alabastro** *n.* alabaster.

**alantoide** *n.* allantois (*membrane*).

**alarma** *vt.* alarm. ● *n.* alarm, siren. **alarma de nebla** foghorn.

**alaroja** *n.* redwing (*bird*: *Turdus iliacus*). **alaroja american** red-winged blackbird (*Agelaius phoeniceus*).

**Alaska** *n.* Alaska (*US state*). **Golfo Alaska** Alaskan Sea.

**alaskan** *adj.* Alaskan.

**alaui** *adj.*  *n.* Alawite, Alawi (*Islam*).

**Albania** *n.* Albania. See *Xciperia*.

**albanian** *adj.*  *n.* Albanian. See *xcip*.

**albatros** *n.* albatross (*Diomedeidae*).

**albedo** *n.* albedo (*astronomy*).

**Albert, Lago** *n.* Lake Albert.

**Alberta** *n.* Alberta (*Canadian province*).

**albinisme** *n.* albinism.

**albino** *adj.*  *n.* albino.

**Alboran, Mar** *n.* Alboran Sea.

**album** *n.* album, scrapbook.

**albumen** *n.* albumen, egg white.

**albumina** *n.* albumin (*protein*).

**alburno** *n.* bleak (*fish*: *Alburnus*, *Chalcalburnus*).

**alcalifilia** *n.* alkaliphilia.

**alcalifilica** *adj.* alkaliphilic. ● *n.* alkaliphile.

**alcalin** *adj.* alkaline. ● *n.* alkali, base. **alcalin corodente** caustic soda, lye.

**alcalini** *vi.*  *vt.* alkalize. ● *n.* alkalization.

**alcalinia** *n.* alkalinity.

**alcaloide** *n.* alkaloid.

**alcalose** *n.* alkalosis (*medical*).

**alcano** *n.* alkane, paraffin.

**alce** *n.* elk (*UK*), moose (*Alces alces*).

**alcen** *n.* alkene (*chemistry*).

**alceta** *n.* auklet (*bird*: *Aethia*, *Ptychoramphus*).

**alcil** *n.* alkyl (*chemistry*).

**alcimica** *n.* alchemy.

**alcimical** *adj.* alchemical.

**alcimiciste** *n.* alchemist.

**alcin** *n.* alkyne (*chemistry*).

**alco** *n.* auk, razorbill, little auk, dovekie (*bird*: *Pinguinus impennis*, *Alca torda*, *Alle alle*).

**alcol** *n.* alcohol, booze. **alcol nonlegal** bootleg, moonshine. **de alcol** alcoholic (*drink*). **sin alcol** non-alcoholic.

**alcolomania** *n.* alcoholism.

**alcolomanica** *adj.* & *n.* alcoholic (*person*).

**alcolometre** *n.* breathalyser (US breathalyzer).

**alcolosa** *adj.* alcoholic (*drink*, *content*).

**alcova** *n.* alcove, recess, nook, bay. **alcova de arbores** bower. **alcova de jardin** arbour (US arbor).

**aldehido** *n.* aldehyde.

**aldosterona** *n.* aldosterone (*hormone*).

**ale** *n.* ale (*beer*).

**alef** *n.* aleph (*Hebrew letter*).

**alega** *vt.* allege, claim, adduce. ● *n.* allegation, claim.

**alegada** *adj.* alleged.

**alegoria** *n.* allegory.

**alegorial** *adj.* allegorical.

**alelo** *n.* allele (*genetics*).

**aleluia** *interj.* hallelujah, alleluia.

**alemande** *n.* allemande (*dance*, *music*).

**alena** *n.* awl, bradawl.

**alerjen** *adj.* allergenic. ● *n.* allergen.

**alerjia** *n.* allergy.

**alerjica** *adj.* allergic.

**alerjiste** *n.* allergist.

**aleta** *n.* winglet, flipper; aileron. **aleta de coda** fluke (*whale*).

**aletera** *vi.* alliterate. ● *n.* alliteration.

**aleterosa** *adj.* alliterative.

**aletin** *adj.* flipperlike.

**aleuron** *n.* aleurone (*botany*).

**aleut** *adj.*  *n.* Aleut (*person*, *language*).

**aleutian** *adj.* Aleutian. **Isolas Aleutian** Aleutian Islands. **Montes Aleutian** Aleutian Range.

**Alexandria** *n.* Alexandria (*Egyptian city*).

**alexandrian** *adj.* Alexandrian.

**alexandrin** *adj.* alexandrine (*poetry*).

**alexia** *n.* alexia (*medical*).

**alfa** *n.* alpha (*Greek letter*).

**alfabeta** *n.* alphabet. **alfabeta roman** Roman alphabet, Latin alphabet.

**alfabetal** *adj.* alphabetic, alphabetical.

**alfabeti** *vt.* alphabetize, sort, put into alphabetical order.

**alfabetisme** *n.* literacy.

**alfabetiste** *adj.* literate.

**alfalfa** *n.* alfalfa (*Medicago sativa*).

**alfanumeral** *adj.* alphanumeric.

**alga** *det.* some, certain, a certain (*unspecified identity*); some, several, a few, a little, a small amount of (*unspecified quantity*); any (*in a question or negative statement*). ● *adv.* somewhat, rather, fairly, quite. ●*pron.* some (*singular or plural*); several; e.g. *alga de la pan*; *alga de la botecas*; *alga dise*. **a alga dia** one day, someday. **a alga grado** somewhat, rather, fairly, quite, to some degree, to some extent. **alga cosa**something; anything (*in a question or negative statement*). **alga de mundo** some people. **alga min** *adj.* a little less, a few less. ● *adv.* a little less. **alga o otra** such and such, some … or other. **alga plu** *adj.* a little more, a few more. ● *adv.* a little more. **algas** some, several, a few (*people or things*, *optional plural pronoun*); e.g. *algas dise*. **en alga loca** somewhere, in some place. **en alga modo** somehow. **en alga parte** somewhere, in some area. **per alga tempo** for some time (*intention*), for a while, awhile. **tra alga tempo** for some time.

**algal** *adj.* algal.

**alge** *n.* alga. **alges** algae, seaweed.

**algoncian** *adj.* Algonquian (*language family*).

**algoncin** *adj.*  *n.* Algonquin (*language*).

**algoritmal** *adj.* algorithmic.

**algoritmo** *n.* algorithm.

**algun** *pron.* someone, somebody; anyone, anybody (*in a question or negative statement*). — *Algun* does not pluralize. The forms *alga* or *algas* are used instead.

**alia** *vi.*  *vt.* ally; alloy. ● *n.* alliance, league, coalition, fellowship. **alia se con** ally oneself with, become allies with, join with.

**aliada** *n.* ally; alloy.

**alias** *n.* alias.

**aliasi** *vt.* alias.

**alibi** *n.* alibi.

**alidada** *n.* alidade (*device*).

**aliena** *vt.* alienate. ● *n.* alienation.

**aligator** *n.* alligator (*Alligator*).

**alinia** *vi.*  *vt.* align, line up. ● *n.* alignment. **alinia a destra** *v.* right-align, flush right. ● *n.* right alignment, ragged left. **alinia a sinistra** *v.* left-align, flush left. ● *n.* left alignment, ragged right. **alinia plen** *v.* justify (*margins*). ● *n.* (*full*) justification. **alinia se** align oneself, get into alignment.

**aliniada** *adj.* aligned, lined up, in alignment; flush (*text*).

**alio** *n.* garlic (*Allium sativum*).

**alise** *n.* trade wind.

**alitose** *n.* halitosis, bad breath.

**aljebra** *n.* algebra.

**aljebral** *adj.* algebraic.

**aljebriste** *n.* algebraist.

**-aljia** *n.suff.* -algia (*pain*).

**-aljica** *adj.suff.* -algic.

**almanaco** *n.* almanac.

**alno** *n.* alder (*Alnus*).

**alo**¹ [aló] *interj.* hello, hi, yo (*greeting*); hey, yoo-hoo (*calling*). **alo ala** hello there, hi there, ahoy there.

**alo-**² *pref.* allo- (*other*).

**aloata** *n.* howler monkey (*Alouatta*).

**aloda** *n.* lark, skylark (*Alaudidae*).

**aloe** *n.* aloe (*plant*: *Aloe*).

**alojen** *adj.*  *n.* halogen.

**alopatia** *n.* allopathy.

**alopatica** *adj.* allopathic.

**alor** *n.* winger; wingman.

**alora** *adv.* then (*at that time*); therefore, consequently, in that case; e.g. *la vive alora ia es plu simple*; *si tu come tua vejetales, alora tu pote come un torteta*. ● *conj.* then, so. ● *interj.* well, now, now then, right, right then, so. **asta alora** until then, yet; see you next time, bye for now. **de alora** from then on, since then, any longer. **la re alora** the then king. See *a pos*.

**alosa** *n.* shad (*fish*: *Alosa*, *Caspialosa*). **alosa arengin** alewife (*Alosa pseudoharengus*).

**alosauro** *n.* allosaur, allosaurus (*Allosaurus*).

**alotropia** *n.* allotropy.

**alotropo** *adj.* allotropic. ● *n.* allotrope.

**alpaca** *n.* alpaca (*animal*: *Vicugna pacos*).

**alpan** *adj.* alpine, Alpine.

**alpe** *n.* alp. **Alpes** Alps.

**alsea** *n.* hollyhock (*plant*: *Alcea rosea*).

**alselafo** *n.* hartebeest (*antelope*: *Alcelaphus buselaphus*).

**alta** *adj.* high, lofty; upper, higher; tall; majestic, great. ● *adv.* highly, greatly. ● *n.* top, top half, upper part. **a alta** up; upward, upwards, aloft. **a alta de** near the top of; up, towards the top of. **alta de bicini** bikini top.**alta de roba** bodice. **alta e diniosa** statuesque. **la altas e la basas** the highs and lows, the ups and downs, vicissitudes. **la plu alta** highest, tallest, topmost, uppermost. **plu alta** higher, taller, upper.

**altai** *adj.*  *n.* Altai, Altay (*person*, *language*). **Montes Altai** Altai Mountains.

**altaica** [altaïca] *adj.* Altaic.

**altar** *n.* altar. **Altar** *n.* Ara (*constellation*).

**altea** *n.* althaea, marshmallow (*Althea*).

**altera** *vi.*  *vt.* alter, modify, customize. ● *n.* alteration, modification, customization.

**alterable** *adj.* alterable, modifiable, customizable.

**alterada** *adj.* altered, modified.

**alterante** *n.* accidental (*music*); modifier.

**alterna** *vi.* alternate, take turns. ● *vt.* alternate; flip, toggle (*setting*). ● *n.* alternation.

**alternador** *n.* alternator.

**alternante** *adj.* alternating. ● *n.* alternant.

**alternativa** *adj.* alternative. ● *n.* alternative, recourse, fallback; answer (*to a rival concept*).

**alti** *vi.* rise, soar. ● *vt.* lift, raise, elevate; exalt; promote. ● *n.* rise; exaltation; promotion.

**altia** *n.* height, altitude, elevation; highness, majesty. ● *interj.* your highness, your majesty. **altia de ex** x-height (*typography*). **altia de tono** pitch. **sua altia** his highness, her highness.

**altimetre** *n.* altimeter.

**alto** *adj.*  *n.* alto, countertenor (*music*).

**altruisme** *n.* altruism.

**altruiste** *adj.* altruistic. ● *n.* altruist.

**alum** *n.* alum (*substance*).

**aluminio** *n.* aluminium (US aluminum).

**alusina** *vt.* hallucinate. ● *n.* hallucination, apparition, illusion, vision. **alusina oiada** auditory hallucination.**alusina videda** visual hallucination.

**alusinal** *adj.* hallucinatory, psychedelic.

**alusinalia** *n.* psychedelia.

**alusinojen** *adj.* hallucinogenic. ● *n.* hallucinogen.

**aluvia** *n.* alluvium (*geology*).

**aluvial** *adj.* alluvial.

**alveolal** *adj.* alveolar. ● *n.* alveolar consonant.

**alveolite** *n.* alveolitis.

**alveolo** *n.* alveolus, air sac; tooth socket.

**am** *abbr.* (*ante mediadia*) a.m.

**ama** *vt.* love, cherish. ● *n.* love, affection. **ama uniladal** unrequited love. **cade en ama** fall in love. **comensa ama** fall in love. **fa de ama** lovemaking, sex. **fa la ama** make love, have sex.

**amable** *adj.* loveable (US lovable), likeable (US likable), kind, nice, endearing, pleasant, affable.

**amablia** *n.* loveableness (US lovableness), kindness, niceness, affability.

**amaca** *n.* hammock.

**amaceta** *n.* deckchair.

**amada** *adj.* loved, beloved, cherished. ● *n.* beloved, lover, loved one, heartthrob. **amada vera** true love. **bon amada** well-loved.

**amamelia** *n.* witch hazel (*Hamamelis*).

**amanda** *n.* almond (*nut*). **con amandas** amandine, almondine.

**amando** *n.* almond (*tree*: *Prunus dulcis*).

**amanita** *n.* fly agaric, fly amanita (*Amanita muscaria*).

**amante** *adj.* loving, friendly, kind.

**amaperil** *n.* daredevil.

**amar** *n.* splashdown (*of spacecraft*).

**amaranto** *n.* amaranth (*Amaranthus*).

**amarga** *adj.* bitter (*taste*, *emotion*), acerbic, acrid; embittered, acrimonious, rancorous. **amarga-dulse** *adj.*bittersweet.

**amargi** *vi.* grow bitter. ● *vt.* embitter.

**amargia** *n.* bitterness, acerbity, rancour (US rancor).

**amarilis** *n.* amaryllis (*plant*: *Amaryllidaceae*).

**amarina** *adj.*  *n.* Amhara, Amharic (*person*, *language*).

**amasa** *vt.* knead, work.

**amasador** *n.* kneading machine.

**amato** *n.* hobby, pastime, avocation.

**amator** *n.* hobbyist, amateur, dilettante.

**amazona** *n.* Amazon (*mythology*).

**Amazonas** *n.* Amazon (*region*). **Foresta Amazonas** Amazon Rainforest. **Rio Amazonas** Amazon River.

**ambar** *adj.* amber (*colour*). ● *n.* amber (*resin*).

**ambargris** *n.* ambergris (*substance*).

**ambasada** *n.* embassy, consulate.

**ambasador** *n.* ambassador, envoy, emissary, high commissioner.

**ambi-** *pref.* ambi-.

**ambidestrosa** *adj.* ambidextrous.

**ambie** *vt.* surround.

**ambiental** *adj.* environmental.

**ambiente** *adj.* ambient, surrounding. ● *n.* surroundings, environment, context; atmosphere (*place*, *event*), ambience, milieu, locale.

**ambientisme** *n.* environmentalism.

**ambientiste** *n.* environmentalist.

**ambifilia** *n.* ambiphilia.

**ambifilica** *adj.* ambiphilic. ● *n.* ambiphile.

**ambigua** *adj.* ambiguous, equivocal. ● *n.* ambiguity (*something ambiguous*).

**ambigui** *vi.* become ambiguous. ● *vt.* make ambiguous.

**ambiguia** *n.* ambiguity (*quality*).

**ambivale** *vi.* be ambivalent, have mixed feelings. ● *n.* ambivalence.

**ambivalente** *adj.* ambivalent.

**ambliopia** *n.* amblyopia, lazy eye (*medical*).

**ambliopica** *adj.* amblyopic. ● *n.* amblyope.

**ambos** *det.*  *pron.* ambos; e.g. *ambos formas es coreta*. **ambos de … e** ambos … y; e.g. *ambos de la maior e sua sposa es asi*. **ambos de nos** both of us, us both.

**ambrosia** *n.* ambrosia (*Ambrosia*).

**ambulansia** *n.* ambulance.

**amburger** *n.* hamburger, burger. **amburger con ceso** cheeseburger.

**ameba** *n.* amoeba (US ameba).

**amebin** *adj.* amoeboid (US ameboid).

**amebiside** *n.* amoebiside (US amebicide).

**amen** *interj.* amen, so be it, let it be.

**amento** *n.* catkin.

**America** *n.* America. **America Norde** North America. **America Sentral** Central America. **America Sude**South America.

**american** *adj.* American; US. ● *n.* American. See *SUA, esuan*.

**americani** *vi.*  *vt.* Americanize. ● *n.* Americanization.

**amerisio** *n.* americium (*element*).

**ameta** *n.* (*my*) dear, darling.

**ametista** *n.* amethyst.

**amfetamina** *n.* amphetamine.

**amfi-** *pref.* amphi-.

**amfibin** *adj.* amphibious.

**amfibio** *n.* amphibian (*Amphibia*).

**amfibraco** *n.* amphibrach.

**amfiteatro** *n.* amphitheatre (US amphitheater).

**amfora** *n.* amphora.

**ami** [amí] *n.* friend, mate, pal, chum, buddy, crony. **ami de cor** girlfriend, boyfriend. **ami de jua** playmate.**ami fema** female friend, girl friend. **ami mas** male friend, boy friend.

**amia** *n.* friendship, amity, fellowship.

**amida** *n.* amide (*substance*).

**amidon** *n.* starch. **amidon de mais** cornstarch, cornflour.

**amidoni** *vt.* starch.

**amidonida** *adj.* starched.

**amidonosa** *adj.* starchy.

**amigdala** *n.* amygdala.

**amil-** *pref.* amyl-.

**amilase** *n.* amylase.

**amiloide** *n.* amyloid.

**amiloidose** *n.* amyloidosis.

**amin** *adj.* friendly, nice, amiable, amicable, genial, congenial, neighbourly, personable, chummy, pally.

**amina** *adj.*  *n.* amine (*chemistry*).

**amini** *vi.* become friends. ● *vt.* befriend, make friends with.

**aminia** *n.* friendliness.

**aminoasida** *n.* amino acid.

**aminobutirica** *adj.* aminobutyric.

**amir** *n.* emir, amir.

**amira** *vt.* admire. ● *n.* admiration.

**amirable** *adj.* admirable, fine.

**amiral** *n.* admiral.

**amiralia** *n.* admiralty, admiralship.

**amirante** *adj.* admiring.

**amirati** *adj.*  *n.* Emirati.

**amiria** *n.* emirate. **Amirias Arabi Unida** United Arab Emirates.

**amiror** *n.* admirer.

**amix** *adj.*  *n.* Amish.

**amnesia** *n.* amnesia.

**amnesica** *adj.*  *n.* amnesiac, amnesic.

**amnestia** *vt.* amnesty, grant amnesty to. ● *n.* amnesty.

**amnial** *adj.* amniotic.

**amnio**¹ *n.* amnion (*membrane*).

**amnio-**² *pref.* amnio-.

**amniosentese** *n.* amniocentesis.

**amoc** *adj.* amok, amuck. **sindrom amoc** amok syndrome.

**amonia** *n.* ammonia.

**amonio** *n.* ammonium.

**amor** *n.* lover, girlfriend, boyfriend, paramour. **amor de belia** aesthete (US esthete). **amor de comeda**gourmand. **amor de plaser** hedonist.

**amortador** *n.* shock absorber.

**amorti** *vt.* muffle, deaden, dampen; amortize, absorb (*cost*). ● *n.* amortization.

**amosa** *adj.* affectionate, fond; amorous.

**amosia** *n.* affection, fondness; amorousness.

**amper** *n.* ampere, amp. **cuantia de amperes** ampage, amperage.

**amperimetre** *n.* ammeter.

**ampola** *n.* ampoule; lightbulb.

**amputa** *vt.* amputate; e.g. *amputa la gama de algun*. ● *n.* amputation.

**amputada** *adj.* amputated. ● *n.* amputated limb; amputee.

**an**¹ *adv.* even. **an con** despite, in spite of, regardless of, notwithstanding, even with, even in the face of. **an con tota** after all, despite everything, at least, if nothing else. **an cuando** even when, even while, even as. **an no** not even. **an nunca** never at all, not even once. **an pos** even after, despite, in spite of, notwithstanding (*something that has already happened*). **an pos tota** after all, despite everything. **an si** even if, though, although, even though, albeit, despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that, notwithstanding that, while, whilst. **an sin** even without, despite the lack of. **an tal** even thus, even so, nevertheless, nonetheless, however, anyway, anyhow, yet, still, be that as it may, despite that, having said that, all the same, at least, if nothing else.

**-an**² *adj.suff.*  *n.suff.* -an, -ian (*pertaining to a region or period*); e.g. *italian*; *suburban*; *victorian*. See *-es, -i, -ica, -sce*.

**-an**³ *n.suff.* -an (*saturated hydrocarbon*).

**ana-** *pref.* ana-.

**anabatisme** *n.* Anabaptism (*Christianity*).

**anabatiste** *adj.*  *n.* Anabaptist.

**anabolal** *adj.* anabolic.

**anaboli** *vi.* anabolize (*biology*). ● *n.* anabolism.

**anacardia** *n.* cashew (*nut*).

**anacardio** *n.* cashew (*tree*: *Anacardium*).

**anaconda** *n.* anaconda (*Eunectes*).

**anacron** *adj.* anachronistic. ● *n.* anachronism.

**anafor** *adj.* anaphoric. ● *n.* anaphor (*word that refers back*).

**anaforia** *n.* anaphora.

**anagram** *n.* anagram.

**anagramal** *adj.* anagrammatic.

**anagrami** *vi.* & *vt.* anagrammatize.

**anal** *adj.* anal.

**analetico** *adj.* analeptic.

**analisable** *adj.* analysable (US analyzable).

**analisador** *n.* analyser (US analyzer). **analisador sintatical** syntax analyser (US analyzer), parser.

**analisal** *adj.* analytic, analytical.

**analise** *vt.* analyse (US analyze), dissect; parse. ● *n.* analysis, dissection, breakdown. **analise numeral**numerical analysis. **analise tro detaliosa** overanalyse (US overanalyze).

**analiseda** *adj.* analysed (US analyzed). ● *n.* analysand, analytic patient.

**analisor** *n.* analyst.

**analoja** *adj.* analogous, analogue (US analog). ● *n.* analogue (US analog), analogy (*something analogous*).

**analojia** *n.* analogy (*comparison*); analogousness.

**anamnese** *n.* anamnesis (*medical*).

**anamorfosal** *adj.* anamorphic.

**anamorfose** *n.* anamorphosis (*optics*, *biology*).

**ananas** *n.* pineapple (*plant*, *fruit*: *Ananas*).

**anapestal** *adj.* anapaestic (US anapestic).

**anapesto** *n.* anapaest (US anapest).

**anarcia** *n.* anarchy, lawlessness.

**anarciosa** *adj.* anarchic.

**anarcisme** *n.* anarchism.

**anarciste** *n.* anarchist.

**anastomose** *n.* anastomosis (*anatomy*).

**Anatolia** *n.* Anatolia, Asia Minor.

**anatolian** *adj.* & *n.* Anatolian.

**anatomia** *n.* anatomy.

**anatomial** *adj.* anatomical.

**anatomiste** *n.* anatomist.

**anc** *n.* ankh (*cross*).

**anca** *n.* hip, rump. **anca e coxa** haunch.

**ancaran** *adj.* angora (*cat*, *goat*, *rabbit*).

**ance** *adv.* also, as well, too, likewise. **como ance** as well as, plus. **con ance** with the addition of, plus.

**ancilosauro** *n.* ankylosaurus (*Ankylosauria*).

**ancilose** *n.* ankylosis (*medical*).

**ancilostoma** *n.* hookworm (*Ancylostoma*).

**ancilostomiase** *n.* hookworm, ancylostomiasis.

**ancor** *n.* anchor. **cade la ancor** drop anchor. **leva la ancor** weigh anchor.

**ancora** *adv.* still (*ongoing*); even (*more*, *less*). **ancora no** still not, not yet. **ma ancora** but still, and yet, nevertheless, nonetheless, however.

**ancoreria** *n.* anchorage.

**ancori** *vt.* anchor.

**Andalusia** *n.* Andalusia (*Spanish region*).

**Andaman** *n.* Andaman. **Isolas Andaman** Andaman Islands. **Mar Andaman** Andaman Sea.

**Andes** *n.pl.* Andes.

**Andora** *n.* Andorra.

**andoran** *adj.*  *n.* Andorran.

**-andria** *n.suff.* -andry.

**andro-** *pref.* andro- (*male*).

**androfilia** *n.* androphilia.

**androfilica** *adj.* androphilic. ● *n.* androphile.

**androfobia** *n.* androphobia.

**androfobica** *adj.* androphobic. ● *n.* androphobe.

**androide** *adj.*  *n.* android.

**androjen** *n.* androgen.

**androjine** *adj.* androgynous, hermaphroditic, epicene. ● *n.* androgyne, hermaphrodite.

**androjinia** *n.* androgyny, hermaphroditism.

**andromeda**¹ *n.* andromeda, pieris (*plant*: *Andromeda*, *Pieris*).

**Andromeda**² *n.* Andromeda (*mythology*, *constellation*).

**androseo** *n.* androecium (*botany*).

**anela** *vt.* long for, yearn for, pine for, hanker for, crave, deeply desire, covet. **anela de casa** homesickness, longing for home. **anela de pais** homesickness (*abroad*).

**anelante** *adj.* yearning. **anelante sua casa** homesick. **anelante sua pais** homesick (*abroad*).

**aneleta** *n.* washer; picot.

**aneli** *vi.*  *vt.* loop, ring.

**anelido** *n.* annelid (*worm*: *Annelida*).

**anelo** *adj.* ring-shaped, annular. ● *n.* ring, loop (*material*); link (*chain*); hoop, quoit; circuit, lap (*racetrack*); torus, closed curve; ring, kroužek (*diacritic*). **anelo de ago** eye of a needle. **anelo de onca** eye (*fastener*).**anelo de spageti** spaghetti hoop, spaghetti ring, spaghettio. **anelo fortinte** grommet, reinforcement ring.

**anelosa** *adj.* ringed.

**anemia** *n.* anaemia (US anemia).

**anemica** *adj.* anaemic (US anemic).

**anemometre** *n.* anemometer.

**anemone** *n.* anemone (*Anemone*). **anemone-de-mar** *n.* sea anemone (*Actiniaria*).

**anestese** *vt.* anaesthetise (US anesthetize). ● *n.* anaesthetisation (US anesthetization).

**anestesente** *n.* anaesthetic (US anesthetic).

**anestesia** *n.* anaesthesia (US anesthesia).

**anestesiste** *n.* anaesthetist (US anesthetist).

**aneto** *n.* dill (*plant*: *Anethum graveolens*).

**aneurisme** *n.* aneurysm.

**angila** *n.* eel (*Anguilliformes*).

**angilin** *adj.* eel-like.

**anglican** *adj.* & *n.* Anglican.

**anglicanisme** *n.* Anglicanism (*Christianity*).

**anglosason** *adj.*  *n.* Anglo-Saxon, Old English.

**Angola** *n.* Angola.

**angolan** *adj.*  *n.* Angolan.

**angostura** *n.* angostura (*Angostura*, *Galipea*).

**Anguila** *n.* Anguilla.

**anguilan** *adj.*  *n.* Anguillian.

**anguli** *vi.*  *vt.* angle.

**angulida** *adj.* angled.

**angulo** *adj.* angular. ● *n.* angle, corner. **angulo reta** right angle.

**angulometre** *n.* protractor.

**angusa** *vt.* distress, appall (US appal), harrow. ● *n.* agony, anguish, anxiety, dismay, consternation, distress, stress (*mental*).

**angusada** *adj.* distressed, anxious, agonized, anguished, in anguish.

**angusante** *adj.* distressing, appalling, harrowing, hurtful.

**ani** *n.* ani (*bird*: *Crotophaga*).

**anial** *adj.* annual, yearly.

**anilina** *n.* aniline (*substance*).

**anima** *vi.* animate, come to life. ● *vt.* animate, bring to life, vivify. ● *n.* animation (*action*, *film*); cartoon. **anima suspendeda** suspended animation.

**animada** *adj.* animated, animate; brought to life. ● *n.* animated character, cartoon character.

**animal** *adj.*  *n.* animal. **animal amada** pet. **animal de casa** pet. **animal de pelux** stuffed toy, plush toy, soft toy, cuddly toy. **animal xasada** game, big game. **animales** animals, fauna. **animales nosiva** vermin.

**animali** *vi.*  *vt.* zoomorphize. ● *n.* zoomorphism.

**anime** *n.* anime (*animation*).

**animisme** *n.* animism.

**animiste** *adj.*  *n.* animist.

**animor** *n.* animator, cartoonist; cheerleader.

**aninga** *n.* darter, snakebird (*Anhinga*).

**anio** *n.* year. **anio de lus** light year. **anio de recolie** vintage. **anio estendeda** leap year. **anios pasada**years gone by, yesteryear.

**anion** *n.* anion (*chemistry*).

**anis** *n.* anise, aniseed (*plant*: *Pimpinella anisum*). **seme de anis** aniseed (*seed*).

**aniso-** *pref.* aniso- (*unequal*).

**aniversario** *n.* anniversary, birthday, jubilee. **aniversario dusento** 200th anniversary, bicentenary, bicentennial. **aniversario sento** 100th anniversary, centenary, centennial. **aniversario sento sincodes**150th anniversary, sesquicentennial.

**anjel** *n.* angel. **anjel gardante** guardian angel.

**anjelica** *n.* angelica (*plant*: *Angelica*).

**anjelin** *adj.* angelic.

**anjina** *n.* angina. **anjina de peto** angina pectoris.

**anjio-** *pref.* angio- (*blood vessels*).

**anjioma** *n.* angioma.

**anjiopatia** *n.* angiopathy.

**anjioplastia** *n.* angioplasty.

**anjiosperma** *n.* angiosperm.

**anjiotensina** *n.* angiotensin.

**ano** *n.* anus.

**anodo** *n.* anode.

**anomal** *adj.* anomalous. ● *n.* anomaly (*something anomalous*).

**anomalia** *n.* anomalousness, anomaly (*quality*).

**anomalur** *n.* flying squirrel, anomalure (*Pteromyinae*, *Anomaluridae*).

**anomia** *n.* anomia (*medical*).

**anona** *n.* annona (*plant*: *Annona*).

**anonim** *adj.* anonymous, faceless, incognito.

**anonimia** *n.* anonymity.

**anorac** *n.* anorak.

**anorexia** *n.* anorexia.

**anorexica** *adj.*  *n.* anorexic.

**anosia** *n.* anoxia (*medical*).

**anosica** *adj.* anoxic.

**anota** *vt.* annotate. ● *n.* annotation.

**anotor** *n.* annotator.

**ansi** *vi.* dread, fret, become anxious. ● *vt.* worry, rattle.

**ansia** *n.* anxiety, worry, unease, nervousness, apprehension, dread, angst, trepidation.

**ansiosa** *adj.* anxious, worried, nervous, apprehensive, rattled, fretful, jittery, fraught.

**anstrom** *n.* angstrom (*unit of length*).

**antartica** *adj.* Antarctic. **Antartica** *n.* Antarctica, Antarctic. **Mar Antartica** Antarctic Ocean, Southern Ocean.

**ante** *prep.* • in front of, before (*in space*); e.g. *mea peto es ante mea dorso*; *un can dormi ante la boteca*; *la casa sta ante un colina*. • (*moving*) to the front of, in front of; e.g. *me veni ante tu per demanda per tua pardona*. • before (*in time*), earlier than, prior to, ahead of; e.g. *janero veni ante febrero*; *me espera fini la labora ante la reposa de sol*. — *Ante* by itself is a preposition. When *before* means *beforehand*, the translation is *a ante*. If *before* introduces a subordinate clause, i.e. if it means *before the time when*, use *ante cuando* instead. ●*pref.* ante-. **a ante** *prep.* (*moving*) to the front of, in front of; e.g. *el ia lansa la bal a ante la arbores*; *par macina de tempo, el ia viaja a ante sua nase*. ● *adv.* (*located*) in front, ahead; (*moving*) forward, forwards, forth; (*occurring*) before, beforehand, formerly, previously, earlier, ago. ● *interj.* onward, onwards, on we go.**a du dias a ante** two days before, two days earlier. **a du dias ante aora** two days ago. **a multe tempo a ante** a long time before, a long time previously, long ago. **a multe tempo ante aora** long ago, a long time ago. **ante fini de** by (*at the latest*), no later than; e.g. *el va fini la labora ante fini de lundi*. **ante tota** above all. **de ante** *prep.* moving from ahead of, from in front of. ● *adv.* from ahead, from in front. See *cuando*.

**antecarga** *vt.* muzzle-load (*gun*).

**antena** *n.* antenna; aerial.

**anteporto** *n.* outer harbour.

**antera** *n.* anther.

**anterior** *adj.* anterior, rostral. ● *n.* forepart; forequarters (*animal*).

**antesala** *n.* anteroom.

**antestadio** *n.* proscenium.

**anteultima** *adj.* penultimate, second from last, last but one.

**anteurbe** *n.* outskirts, approaches.

**anti-** *pref.* anti- (*opposition*); e.g. *antisosial*; *antiavional*; *antifungal*; *antieroe*; *antiproton*.

**antiabortiste** *adj.*  *n.* antiabortionist.

**antiasida** *n.* antacid.

**antiavional** *adj.* antiaircraft.

**antibaterial** *adj.*  *n.* antibacterial, antibiotic.

**antica** *adj.* ancient, antique. **eda antica** antiquity, ancient times.

**anticalia** *n.* antique (*object*), vintage item.

**anticalior** *n.* antique seller, antiquarian.

**anticia** *n.* antiquity (*quality*), seniority.

**anticin** *adj.* quaint, old-fashioned, dated, archaic, antiquated, frumpy; legacy (*software*, *hardware*). ● *n.*archaism, dated expression; old fogey, old geezer (*person*).

**anticoagulante** *n.* anticoagulant.

**anticolinerjical** *n.* anticholinergic.

**anticonvulsante** *n.* anticonvulsant.

**anticorodente** *adj.* anticorrosive.

**anticorpo** *n.* antibody.

**Anticristo** *n.* Antichrist.

**antidepresante** *adj.*  *n.* antidepressant.

**antidiabetica** *n.* antidiabetic.

**antielmintal** *n.* anthelmintic, antihelminthic, vermifuge, vermicide, wormer, dewormer, drench (*medicine*).

**antiepilesica** *n.* antiepileptic.

**antieroe** *n.* antihero, antiheroine.

**antifebral** *n.* antipyretic.

**antifona** *n.* antiphon (*music*).

**antifonia** *n.* antiphony.

**antifungal** *adj.*  *n.* antifungal.

**antige** [antigé] *adj.* anti-gay.

**antigovernal** *adj.* antigovernment.

**antigravita** *n.* antigravity.

**Antigua** *n.* Antigua. **Antigua e Barbuda** Antigua and Barbuda.

**antiguan** *adj.*  *n.* Antiguan.

**antiinflamante** *adj.*  *n.* anti-inflammatory. **antiinflamante nonsteroidal** NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

**antiistaminal** *n.* antihistamine.

**antiiudisme** *n.* antisemitism.

**antiiudiste** *adj.* anti-Jewish, antisemitic. ● *n.* antisemite.

**antijen** *adj.* antigenic. ● *n.* antigen.

**antilean** *adj.* Antillean.

**antileprosa** *n.* antileprotic.

**Antiles** *n.pl.* Antilles. **Antiles Major** Greater Antilles. **Antiles Minor** Lesser Antilles. **Antiles Nederlandes**Netherlands Antilles.

**antilocapra** *n.* pronghorn antelope (*Antilocapra*).

**antilope** *n.* antelope (*Alcelaphinae*, *Antilopinae*, *Hippotraginae*, *Reduncinae*, *Cephalophinae*).

**antimalarial** *n.* antimalarial.

**antimateria** *n.* antimatter.

**antimicrobial** *adj.*  *n.* antimicrobial, antibiotic, antiseptic, germicide.

**antimonio** *n.* antimony.

**antimonopolial** *adj.* antitrust.

**antineutron** *n.* antineutron.

**antinomia** *n.* antinomy.

**antiosidinte** *adj.*  *n.* antioxidant.

**antipape** *n.* antipope.

**antiparticula** *n.* antiparticle.

**antipatia** *n.* antipathy, aversion, deep dislike.

**antipatiosa** *adj.* antipathetic, averse.

**antipoda** *adj.* antipodean, antipodal. ● *n.* antipode.

**antiproton** *n.* antiproton.

**antiprotozonal** *n.* antiprotozoal.

**antipsicosica** *n.* antipsychotic.

**antirascal** *adj.* anti-scratch, scratch-resistant.

**antisemita** *adj.* antisemitic. ● *n.* antisemite.

**antisemitisme** *n.* antisemitism.

**antisenesente** *adj.* antiageing (US antiaging).

**antisepsica** *adj.*  *n.* antiseptic.

**antisiclon** *n.* anticyclone, high-pressure area.

**antisistemal** *adj.* antiestablishment.

**antisosial** *adj.* antisocial, sociopathic.

**antispasmal** *n.* antispasmodic.

**antitesal** *adj.* antithetical.

**antitese** *n.* antithesis.

**antitosal** *n.* antitussive, cough medicine.

**antitoxina** *n.* antitoxin.

**antituberculosica** *n.* antituberculous drug.

**antivenenal** *n.* antivenom.

**antivirusal** *adj.* antiviral; antivirus (*software*).

**antixocal** *adj.* antishock, shockproof.

**antoloji** *vt.* anthologize. ● *n.* anthologization.

**antolojia** *n.* anthology.

**antolojiste** *n.* anthologist.

**antonim** *adj.* antonymous, opposite. ● *n.* antonym, opposite.

**antonimia** *n.* antonymy.

**antoserotal** *n.* hornwort (*plant*: *Anthoceros*).

**antrasita** *n.* anthracite (*substance*).

**antrax** *n.* anthrax.

**antro** *n.* antrum (*anatomy*).

**antropo-** *pref.* anthropo-.

**antropolojia** *n.* anthropology.

**antropolojial** *adj.* anthropological.

**antropolojiste** *n.* anthropologist.

**antropometria** *n.* anthropometry.

**antropometrial** *adj.* anthropometric.

**antropomorfe** *adj.* anthropomorphic.

**antropomorfia** *n.* anthropomorphism.

**antroposentral** *adj.* anthropocentric, anthropic. **prinsipe antroposentral** anthropic principle.

**antrostomo** *n.* whippoorwill (*bird*: *Antrostomus*).

**anunsia** *vt.* announce, advertise, publicize. ● *n.* announcement, advertisement, advertising, advert, ad, publicity, prospectus, blurb, hype. **anunsia de mori** obituary, necrology. **bon anunsia** good press, good publicity.

**anunsieta** *n.* classified advertisement, small ad, want ad.

**anunsior** *n.* announcer, crier; adman.

**anura** *n.* anura (*amphibian*: *Anura*).

**anxa** *n.* reed.

**anxo** *n.* ancho (*chili*).

**anxoa** *n.* anchovy (*Engraulis*).

**aora** *adv.* now, currently, at present, at this time; right now, immediately, at once. **ante aora** before now, ago.**aora e alora** now and then, now and again, from time to time, on occasion, occasionally. **asta aora** until now, so far, to date, yet, up to this point. **de aora** from now on, henceforth. **no aora** not now. **per aora** for now, for the moment, for the time being.

**aoristo** *n.* aorist (*grammar*).

**aorta** *n.* aorta (*anatomy*).

**aortal** *adj.* aortic.

**aortite** *n.* aortitis.

**aoto** *n.* night monkey, owl monkey, douroucouli (*Aotus*).

**ap** *n.* application, app (*software*).

**Apalatxia** *n.* Appalachia.

**apalatxian** *adj.* Appalachian. **Montes Apalatxian** Appalachian Mountains.

**aparateta** *n.* thingy, thingummy, thingamajig, thingamabob, whatsit, wossname, whatchamacallit, doodad, doobry, doohickey, hickey; widget, gizmo, control (*user interface*).

**aparato** *n.* device, gadget, piece of apparatus. **aparato de puleas** block and tackle. **aparato dental** brace (*teeth*). **aparato fisada** fixture. **aparatos** apparatus, equipment, hardware, tackle, rigging, paraphernalia.**aparatos de pexa** fishing tackle. **aparatos de vela** tackle (*ship*).

**apare** *vi.* appear, become visible, show up, turn up, surface. ● *vt.* cause to appear, manifest, conjure. ● *n.*appearance. **apare corta** appear briefly, put in an appearance, show one’s face. **apare lenta** fade in.**apare prima** first appearance, debut.

**apartait** *n.* apartheid.

**aparte** *n.* apartment, flat, tenement; unit (*commercial*, *residential*). **aparte apical** penthouse. **aparte misera**tenement. **aparte sin asendador** walk-up.

**apatia** *n.* apathy.

**apatica** *adj.* apathetic.

**apatosauro** *n.* apatosaurus, brontosaurus (*Apatosaurus*).

**apatxe** *adj.*  *n.* Apache (*person*, *language*).

**apela** *vt.* appeal, say in appeal. **apela a** appeal to, petition.

**apelor** *n.* appellant.

**apena** *adv.* hardly, scarcely, barely, just, by a small amount, with difficulty.

**apendis** *n.* appendix (*anatomy*, *publishing*), appendage.

**apendisectomia** *n.* appendectomy (*surgery*).

**apendisite** *n.* appendicitis.

**apesta** *vi.* stink, reek, pong, niff. ● *n.* stink, stench.

**apestante** *adj.* stinking, fetid.

**apestosa** *adj.* stinky.

**apetito** *n.* appetite.

**apical** *adj.* apical.

**apico** *n.* apex, tip, peak, vertex; heyday, prime, zenith.

**apicomplexa** *n.* sporozoon (pl. sporozoa) (*organism*: *Apicomplexa*).

**aplanata** *adj.* aplanatic. ● *n.* aplanat, aplanatic lens.

**aplasia** *n.* aplasia (*medical*).

**aplasica** *adj.* aplasic.

**aplaudi** *vt.* applaud, clap. ● *n.* applause, clapping, ovation.

**aplaudor** *n.* applauder. **aplaudores** claque.

**aplica** *vt.* apply (*substance*, *physical force*), spread; exact, inflict (*revenge*). ● *n.* application (*applying*, *using*); appliqué (*sewing*). **aplica se a** apply oneself to (*task*). **aplica sua mente a** apply one’s mind to.

**aplicable** *adj.* applicable, relevant, appropriate.

**aplicador** *n.* applicator.

**aplo-** *pref.* haplo- (*single*).

**aploide** *adj.*  *n.* haploid.

**apnea** *n.* apnoea (US apnea) (*medical*).

**apnica** *adj.* apneic.

**apo-** *pref.* apo-.

**apocalisal** *adj.* apocalyptic.

**apocalise** *n.* apocalypse, armageddon, doomsday, catastrophe; revelation (*religious*).

**apocrifa** *adj.* apocryphal. **apocrifas** apocrypha.

**apoia** *vi.* lean, tilt, slant, tip, skew, prop (*position*, *movement*); bank (*aircraft*); italicize. ● *vt.* lean, tilt, slant, skew, prop (*position*, *movement*); bank (*aircraft*); italicize.

**apoiada** *adj.* tilted, leaning, slanting, skew, askew, lopsided, crooked, wonky; oblique, italic.

**apojeo** *n.* apogee (*astronomy*).

**aponable** *adj.* wearable.

**apone** *vt.* put on (*garment*), don.

**aponeurose** *n.* aponeurosis (*anatomy*).

**apoptose** *n.* apoptosis, programmed cell death.

**aposa** *vt.* appose, juxtapose, collocate. ● *n.* apposition, juxtaposition, collocation.

**aposada** *n.* adposition (*grammar*).

**aposta** *vt.*  *n.* bet, wager, gamble; e.g. *aposta sento euros ce esta va aveni*. **aposta coletiva** sweepstake.**aposta contra** bet against, wager against. **aposta per** bet on, wager on.

**apostada** *n.* stake, stakes.

**aposteria** *n.* betting shop, betting parlour (US parlor).

**aposteriori** *adj.* a posteriori.

**apostol** *n.* apostle.

**apostolal** *adj.* apostolic.

**apostor** *n.* bettor, better; backer (*of horse*).

**aprende** *vt.* learn.

**aprendor** *n.* learner, pupil, apprentice, trainee.

**april** *n.* Abril.

**apriori** *adj.* a priori.

**aproba** *vt.* approve, approve of, assent to, endorse; confirm (*action on computer*). ● *n.* approval, confirmation.

**aprosima** *adj.* approximate, rough. ● *adv.* approximately, roughly, some.

**aprosimi** *vi.*  *vt.* approximate. ● *n.* approximation.

**aprosiminte** *adj.*  *n.* approximant (*consonant*). **aprosiminte ladal** lateral approximant (*consonant*).

**apside** *n.* apse; apsis.

**apto-** *pref.* hapto- (*attachment*).

**ara** *n.* macaw (*Ara*and related genera).

**arabesca** *adj.*  *n.* arabesque.

**arabi** *adj.*  *n.* Arab, Arabic, Arabian. **Mar Arabi** Arabian Sea. **Penisola Arabi** Arabian Peninsula.

**Arabia** *n.* Arabia. **Arabia Saudi** Saudi Arabia.

**arac** *n.* arrack, arak (*drink*).

**aracide** *n.* cacahuete (*Arachis hypogaea*).

**aracnido** *n.* arachnid (*Arachnida*).

**aracno-** *pref.* arachno- (*spider*).

**aracnofobia** *n.* arachnophobia.

**aracnofobica** *adj.* arachnophobic. ● *n.* arachnophobe.

**aracnoide** *n.* arachnoid.

**aradi** *vt.* plough (US plow), till.

**arado** *n.* plough (US plow).

**Arafura, Mar** *n.* Arafura Sea.

**Aragon** *n.* Aragón (*Spanish region*).

**aragones** *adj.*  *n.* Aragonese.

**Aral, Mar** *n.* Aral Sea.

**Aram** *n.* Aram (*biblical region*).

**arami** *adj.*  *n.* Aramaic, Aramean, Aramaean.

**aramo** *n.* limpkin (*bird*: *Aramus guarauna*).

**aranca** *vt.* wrench, jerk, yank, snatch, wrest, tug, heave. ● *n.* jerk, yank, tug, twist.

**arania** *n.* spider (*Araneae*). **arania de rede embutin** funnelweb spider.

**aranieta** *n.* baby spider.

**aranin** *adj.* spidery, arachnoid.

**aranja** *vt.* arrange (*music*). ● *n.* arrangement.

**aranjor** *n.* arranger.

**arbitra** *vt.* arbitrate on, mediate on. ● *n.* arbitration, mediation.

**arbitraje** *n.* arbitrage.

**arbitror** *n.* referee, umpire, official, arbiter, arbitrator.

**arbor** *n.* tree. **arbor de pan** breadfruit (*Artocarpus altilis*). **arbor joven** young tree, sapling.

**arboral** *adj.* arboreal.

**arboran** *n.* treepie (*bird*: *Crypsirina*, *Dendrocitta*, *Platysmurus*, *Temnurus*).

**arboreria** *n.* arboretum.

**arboreta** *n.* bush, shrub. **arboreta de rosa** rosebush. **arboretas** bushes, shrubbery.

**arboretin** *adj.* shrublike, shrubby.

**arborin** *adj.* treelike.

**arbuto** *n.* arbutus (*plant*: *Arbutus*, *Epigaea*).

**arca** *n.* ark. **arca de la acorda** ark of the covenant.

**arcabus** *n.* arquebus, hackbut.

**arcada** *n.* arcade.

**arcanjel** *n.* archangel.

**arcea** *n.* archaeon, archaea, archaebacterium (*organism*).

**arcenemi** *n.* archenemy, nemesis.

**arceo-** *pref.* archaeo- (US archeo-).

**arceolojia** *n.* archaeology (US archeology).

**arceolojial** *adj.* archaeological (US archeological).

**arceolojiste** *n.* archaeologist (US archeologist).

**arceopterix** *n.* archaeopteryx (*Archaeopteryx*).

**arcetipal** *adj.* archetypal.

**arcetipo** *n.* archetype.

**arci**¹ *vi.* arch (*back*, *roof*). **arci a retro** backbend.

**arci-**² *pref.* archi-, arch- (*chief*).

**arcibispia** *n.* archbishopric, archdiocese.

**arcibispo** *n.* archbishop.

**arciduxe** *n.* archduke.

**arcin** *adj.* bow-shaped.

**arcipelago** *n.* archipelago.

**arciteta** *n.* architecture.

**arcitetal** *adj.* architectural.

**arcitetor** *n.* architect.

**arcitrava** *n.* architrave.

**arcivador** *n.* file cabinet, filing cabinet. **arcivador de revisas** version control system, revision control system.

**arcival** *adj.* archival.

**arciveria** *n.* archive, depository, record office, repository, registry.

**arcivi** *vt.* archive, log, chronicle, file.

**arciviste** *n.* archivist.

**arcivo** *n.* record (*information*), register, log; file, folder, document wallet; folder, directory. **arcivos anial**annals.

**arcivolta** *n.* archivolt, voussure (*architecture*).

**arco** *n.* arc (*geometry*, *electrical*, *narrative*); arch, archway (*architecture*); bow (*weapon*, *music*). **arco apoiante** flying buttress. **arco de pede** arch (*foot*), instep. **arco de porte** doorway. **arco de sielo**rainbow. **arco longa** longbow. **arco sigmoide** ogee (*architecture*, *mathematics*, *etc.*). **xuta con arco**archery.

**arconte** *n.* archon (*Athenian judge*).

**arcor** *n.* archer. **Arcor** *n.* Sagittarius (*constellation*).

**ardador** *n.* burner, incinerator.

**arde** *vi.* burn, blaze. ● *vt.* burn, sear, incinerate. **arde de ereses** auto-da-fé. **arde par sol** sunburn. **arde sacrifial** immolate. **arde un fondable** blow a fuse.

**ardeda** *adj.* burned, charred. ● *n.* burn (*injury*). **ardeda par sol** sunburned.

**ardente** *adj.* burning; ardent, passionate.

**ardeta** *vi.* smoulder (US smolder).

**ardin** *adj.* glowing, aglow.

**ardosia** *n.* slate.

**are** *n.* are (*unit of area*).

**area** *n.* area. **area abital** residential area, uptown. **area neblosa** grey (US gray) area (*of unclear definition*).

**areal** *adj.* areal.

**areca** *n.* areca palm (*Areca*).

**arem** *n.* harem, seraglio.

**aremon** *n.* brush finch (*Arremon*, *Atlapetes*, etc.).

**arena** *n.* sand, grit. **arena movente** quicksand.

**arenga** *vt.* harangue, rant at. ● *n.* rant, tirade, diatribe.

**arenge** *n.* herring (*Clupea*). **arenge fumida** smoked herring, kipper.

**areni** *vt.* sandblast.

**arenin** *adj.* sandy, gritty.

**arenito** *n.* sandstone.

**arenor** *n.* sandman.

**arenosa** *adj.* sandy, sand-covered.

**areola** *n.* halo, nimbus; areola.

**aresta** *vt.* arrest, seize, apprehend. ● *n.* arrest; custody. **aresta acaso** arbitrary arrest. **aresta nonlegal**illegal arrest.

**arestada** *adj.* arrested, under arrest, in custody.

**argon** *n.* argon.

**arhat** *n.* arhat (*saint*).

**aria** *n.* aria.

**arianisme** *n.* Arianism (*Christianity*).

**ariete** *n.* battering ram.

**aril** *n.* aril, arillus (*botany*).

**aristocrata** *adj.* aristocratic, highborn. ● *n.* aristocrat. **aristocratas** aristocrats, aristocracy, peerage.

**aristocratia** *n.* aristocracy.

**aristolocia** *n.* aristolochia, birthwort, pipevine (*plant*: *Aristolochia*).

**aritmetica** *n.* arithmetic.

**aritmetical** *adj.* arithmetic, arithmetical.

**aritmeticiste** *n.* arithmetician.

**aritmia** *n.* arrhythmia.

**aritmica** *adj.* arrhythmic.

**ariva** *vi.* arrive; (*colloquial*) come (*orgasm*). ● *n.* arrival; advent (*including religious*).

**ariveria** *n.* arrivals hall.

**arivor** *n.* arrival (*person*), newcomer.

**Arizona** *n.* Arizona (*US state*).

**arjenti** *vi.* become silver. ● *vt.* silver, silver-plate.

**arjentida** *adj.* silver-plated.

**arjentifer** *adj.* argentiferous.

**arjentin** *adj.* silvery.

**Arjentina** *n.* Argentina. **arjentina** *adj.* Argentinian, Argentine. ● *n.* Argentinian. **Mar Arjentina** Argentine Sea.

**arjento** *adj.* silver (*colour*). ● *n.* silver (*element*). **arjento dorada** gilded silver, vermeil. **de arjento** (*made of*) silver.

**arjentor** *n.* silversmith.

**arjila** *n.* clay.

**arjilosa** *adj.* clayey.

**Arkansas** [árkansa] *n.* Arkansas (*US state*).

**arlecin** *n.* harlequin.

**arma**¹ *n.* weapon. **arma de xoca eletrical** electroshock weapon. **armas** weapons, arms, armaments, munition, ordnance, weaponry. **armas lejera** light weapons, small arms. **ave plu armas ca** outgun. **con armas** armed. **furni armas a** arm. **porta armas** bear arms. **sin armas** unarmed.

**arma**² *vt.* arm. ● *n.* armament (*action*).

**armada** *n.* army, legion, armada, host.

**armadilo** *n.* armadillo (*Cingulata*, *Dasypodidae*).

**armario** *n.* cupboard, cabinet, armoire. **armario de libros** bookcase. **armario de mur** wall cabinet. **armario de vestes** wardrobe. **construi de armarios** cabinetmaking.

**armarior** *n.* cabinetmaker.

**armatur** *n.* armature (*literature*, *sculpture*); key signature; framework (*software*).

**Armenia** *n.* Armenia. See *Haiastan*.

**armenian** *adj.*  *n.* Armenian (*person*, *language*). See *haiaren*.

**armeria** *n.* armoury (US armory), arsenal.

**arminian** *adj.*  *n.* Arminian.

**arminianisme** *n.* Arminianism (*Christianity*).

**armoni** *vi.*  *vt.* harmonize.

**armonia** *n.* harmony.

**armonial** *adj.* harmonic. ● *n.* harmonic (*frequency*).

**armonica** *n.* harmonica, mouth organ, mouth harp.

**armonio** *n.* harmonium (*musical instrument*).

**armoniosa** *adj.* harmonious, compatible, congruous, eurhythmic.

**armor** *n.* armourer (US armorer).

**armur** *n.* (*suit of*) armour (US armor); carapace, shell (*animal*, *plant*). **armur de gama** greave. **armur de peto** breastplate.

**arn** *abbr.* (*asida ribonucleal*) RNA.

**arnes** *n.* harness, sling.

**arnesi** *vt.* harness.

**arnica** *n.* arnica (*plant*: *Arnica*).

**arpa** *n.* harp.

**arpejio** *n.* arpeggio.

**arpia** *n.* harpy; harridan, hag, gorgon, crone. ● *n.* harpy eagle (*Harpiinae*).

**arpiste** *n.* harpist.

**arpon** *n.* harpoon.

**arponi** *vt.* harpoon.

**arsenico** *n.* arsenic.

**artal** *adj.* artistic.

**arte** *n.* art. **arte de altar** altarpiece. **arte de governa** statesmanship, statecraft. **arte deco** art deco. **arte inferior** kitsch. **artes bela** fine arts, beaux arts. **artes de presenta** performing arts. **artes vidable**visual arts.

**artemisia** *n.* mugwort, sagebrush (*plant*: *Artemisia*).

**arteria** *n.* artery. **arteria carotide** carotid artery.

**arterial** *adj.* arterial.

**arterieta** *n.* arteriole.

**arteriografia** *n.* arteriography.

**arteriosclerose** *n.* arteriosclerosis.

**arterite** *n.* arteritis.

**artesian** *adj.* artesian (*well*).

**artica** *adj.* Arctic. **Artica** *n.* Arctic. **Mar Artica** Arctic Ocean.

**article** *n.* article (*document*); record, row (*data*). **article de crede** article of faith. **article de cuantia**partitive article. **article de defini** definite article. **article de lavabo** toiletry. **article de nondefini**indefinite article. **article de novas** news item.

**artifis** *adj.* artificial, synthetic, manmade.

**artifisia** *n.* artifice, artificiality.

**artileria** *n.* artillery, ordnance.

**artileriste** *n.* artillerist, artilleryman.

**artin** *adj.* arty, artsy.

**artisan** *n.* artisan, craftsman, craftswoman, tradesman, tradeswoman.

**artisania** *n.* craft, trade, craftsmanship, handicraft.

**artiste** *adj.* artistic. ● *n.* artist.

**artosa** *adj.* artful, artistic.

**artrite** *n.* arthritis (*medical*).

**artritica** *adj.* arthritic.

**artro-** *pref.* arthro-.

**artropodo** *n.* arthropod (*Arthropoda*).

**artrose** *n.* arthrosis, osteoarthritis.

**Aruba** *n.* Aruba (*island*).

**aruban** *adj.*  *n.* Aruban.

**arum** *n.* arum (*plant*: *Arum*).

**as** *n.* ace (*card*).

**asafetida** *n.* asafetida (*plant*: *Apiaceae*).

**asal** *adj.* axial.

**Asam** *n.* Assam (*Indian state*).

**asames** *adj.*  *n.* Assamese.

**asana** *n.* asana (*yoga*).

**asaro** *n.* wild ginger (*Asarum*).

**asasina** *vt.* assassinate, murder. ● *n.* assassination, murder.

**asasinor** *n.* assassin, murderer.

**asbesto** *n.* asbestos.

**asbestose** *n.* asbestosis.

**ascarido** *n.* ascarid (*worm*: *Ascarididae*).

**asclepia** *n.* milkweed (*plant*: *Asclepias*).

**asconde** *vi.* hide, be in hiding, lurk, skulk. ● *vt.* hide, conceal, efface, tuck away, cover up, screen, stash, shield from view. ● *n.* hiding, cover-up. **sin asconde** above board, openly.

**ascondeda** *adj.* hidden, concealed, latent, tucked away; lurking, stealthy. ● *adv.* stealthily, by stealth.

**asconderia** *n.* hideout, hiding place.

**ase**¹ *n.* axle, shaft; axis. **ase x** x-axis. **ase y** y-axis.

**-ase**² *n.suff.* -ase (*enzyme*).

**-ase**³ *n.suff.* -asis (*medical*).

**asecura** *vt.* insure. ● *n.* insurance, indemnity. **asecura mutua** mutual insurance.

**asecurada** *adj.* insured. ● *n.* policyholder.

**asedable** *adj.* accessible, approachable.

**asede** *vt.* access; accede to. ● *n.* access.

**aseja** *vt.* besiege. ● *n.* siege.

**asejor** *n.* besieger.

**aselera** *vi.* accelerate, speed up; expedite, hasten. ● *n.* acceleration.

**aselerador** *n.* accelerator; gas pedal, throttle. **aselerador de particulas** particle accelerator.

**aselomorfo** *n.* acoelomorph (US acelomorph) (*organism*: *Acoelomorpha*).

**asembla** *vi.* assemble, gather, meet, come together, muster. ● *vt.* assemble, amass, bring together, put together. ● *n.* gathering, get-together, meeting, rally, jamboree; (*political*) assembly. **asembla de grevores** picket.

**asemblable** *adj.* self-assembly, flat-pack. ● *n.* kit, flat pack.

**asemblador** *n.* assembler (*software*).

**asembleria** *n.* assembly rooms, assembly hall, meeting hall, meetinghouse.

**asemblor** *n.* assembly member, assemblyman, assemblywoman.

**asendador** *n.* elevator, lift.

**asende** *vt.* ascend, rise, climb, go up, mount. ● *n.* ascent, ascension, rise, upswing, upturn.

**asendente** *adj.* ascending, ascendant, rising, upward, upswept. ● *n.* ancestor, forebear, forefather; ascender, upstroke. ● *prep.* up, towards the top of.

**asendeplato** *n.* dumb waiter.

**asente** *adj.* absent, missing. ● *n.* absentee; truant. **asente sin permete** absent without leave, awol.

**asenti** *vi.* become absent, depart. ● *vt.* make absent. **asenti se** excuse oneself.

**asentia** *n.* absence. **asentia permeteda** leave, furlough.

**asentor** *n.* accentor (*bird*: *Prunella*).

**asentua** *vt.* emphasize, accentuate, stress, prioritize. ● *n.* emphasis, accent, stress.

**asentuada** *adj.* emphatic, stressed.

**asentuante** *adj.* emphatic.

**aser** *n.* steel; frizzen (*gun*). **aser nonosidinte** stainless steel, inox steel.

**asera** *n.* maple fruit, maple key, samara.

**asero** *n.* maple (*Acer*).

**asesal** *adj.* asexual, non-sexual. ● *n.* asexual person, non-sexual person.

**asesalia** *n.* asexuality.

**aseseta** *n.* boil, furuncle (*abscess*).

**aseso** *n.* abscess.

**aseta** *vt.* accept, condone, abide by; admit, acknowledge, grant, concede (*point in an argument*); pass (*a law*). ●*n.* acceptance. **pos aseta ce** granted that.

**asetable** *adj.* acceptable, passable, reasonable, valid, admissible, allowable.

**asetablia** *n.* acceptability.

**asetador** *n.* outlet, socket (*electric*).

**asetante** *adj.* accepting. **asetante ce** granted that.

**asetato** *n.* acetate.

**asetica** *adj.* acetic. ● *n.* acetic acid.

**asetilcolina** *n.* acetylcholine.

**asetilen** *n.* acetylene.

**asetona** *n.* acetone.

**asfalto** *n.* asphalt, tarmac, macadam, blacktop, asphalt concrete.

**asfixia** *vi.* asphyxiate. ● *n.* asphyxia, asphyxiation.

**asfodelo** *n.* asphodel (*plant*: *Asphodelus*, *Asphodeline*).

**asi** [así] *adv.* here; to here, hither. **a asi** to here, hither. **asi e ala** here and there, in various places, dotted about.**de asi** from here, away, away from here, hence. **de asi a ala** back and forth, to and fro.

**Asia** *n.* Asia. **Asia este** East Asia, Far East. **Asia sude-ueste** Southwest Asia, Near East, Middle East.

**asiamania** *n.* orientalismo.

**asiamanica** *adj.*  *n.* orientalista.

**asian** *adj.*  *n.* Asian, Asiatic.

**asida** *adj.* acid, acidic, sour, tart, acerbic. ● *n.* acid. **asida acrilica** acrylic acid. **asida desosiribonucleal**deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA. **asida-dulse** *adj.* sweet-and-sour. **asida fosforica** phosphoric acid. **asida latica** lactic acid. **asida nitrica** nitric acid. **asida nucleal** nucleic acid. **asida ribonucleal** ribonucleic acid, RNA. **asida sulfurica** sulphuric (US sulfuric) acid. See *adn*, *arn*.

**asidental** *adj.* accidental.

**asidente** *n.* accident (*mishap*). See *acaso*.

**asidi** *vi.* sour, turn sour. ● *vt.* acidify, make sour. ● *n.* acidification.

**asidia** *n.* acidity, sourness, tartness.

**asidofilia** *n.* acidophilia.

**asidofilica** *adj.* acidophilic. ● *n.* acidophile.

**asidua** *adj.* assiduous, diligent, hardworking, industrious. ● *n.* wonk.

**asiduia** *n.* assiduousness, diligence, hard work.

**asilido** *n.* robber fly (*Asilidae*).

**asimina** *n.* pawpaw (*tree*, *fruit*: *Asimina*).

**asinia** *vt.* assign, allocate, allot, appoint (*tasks*, *resources*), deploy; earmark; ascribe; e.g. *asinia roles a la juores*. ● *n.* assignment, allocation, allotment, appointment, deployment. **asinia roles** assign roles, cast.

**asiniada** *adj.* asisgned. **loca asiniada** allotted place, allotment; berth.

**asino** *n.* asno, burro (*Asinus*).

**asinor** *n.* donkey driver, donkey rider.

**asinto** *n.* wormwood, absinthe (*plant*, *drink*).

**asintota** *n.* asymptote (*mathematics*).

**asintotal** *adj.* asymptotic.

**asion** *n.* stock, share.

**asioneria** *n.* stock market, stock exchange.

**asionor** *n.* stockholder, shareholder.

**Asiria** *n.* Assyria (*ancient region*).

**asirian** *adj.*  *n.* asirio.

**asma** *n.* asma.

**asmica** *adj.*  *n.* asmático.

**asoluta** *adj.* absolute, utter. ● *adv.* absolutely, utterly.

**asolutisme** *n.* absolutismo.

**asolutiste** *n.* absolutista.

**ason** *n.* axon (*anatomía*).

**asona** *vi.* assonate. ● *n.* assonance.

**asonante** *adj.* assonant.

**asoran** *adj.* Azorean.

**asorbe** *vt.* absorb, assimilate, ingest, soak up, incorporate, entrain. ● *n.* absorption, assimilation, incorporation, uptake.

**asorbente** *adj.* absorbent.

**Asores** *n.pl.* Azores.

**asosia** *vi.* associate, hobnob; be involved; map (*to*). ● *vt.* associate, partner; associate (*mentally*). ● *n.*association, partnership, consortium, society; association (*mental*); mapping. **asosia carital** charitable organization, registered charity. **asosia de comersia** chamber of commerce. **asosia secreta** secret society.

**asosior** *n.* associate, partner, colleague.

**asparago** *n.* asparagus (*plant*, *vegetable*: *Asparagus officinalis*).

**asparajina** *n.* asparagine (*amino acid*).

**aspartame** *n.* aspartame (*sweetener*).

**aspartato** *n.* aspartate (*amino acid*).

**asperula** *n.* asperula (*plant*: *Asperula*).

**aspeta** *vi.* look (*have a certain appearance*), appear; e.g. *el aspeta como un capra*; *tua capeles aspeta bela*. ● *n.*aspect, appearance, guise, look. **aspeta continuante** continuous aspect. **aspeta de fas** facial appearance, physiognomy. **aspeta nonperfeta** imperfective aspect. **aspeta perfeta** perfective aspect.

**aspica** *n.* aspic.

**aspira** *vt.* aspire to, dream of. ● *n.* aspiration, dream, ambition.

**aspirante** *adj.* aspiring, ambitious.

**aspirina** *n.* aspirin.

**aspiror** *n.* candidate, applicant, nominee, postulant.

**asta** *prep.* • as far as, up to, down to, until (*reaching a point but going no further*); e.g. *me va acompania tu asta la porte*; *moiada asta sua pel*; *la preso ia cade asta sento euros*; *studia pajes 25 asta 42*. • until, till, up to (*in time*); e.g. *el ia dormi asta mediadia*. — *Asta* by itself is a preposition. If *until* introduces a subordinate clause, i.e. if it means *until the time when*, it is translated as *asta cuando*. **asta doman** see you tomorrow.**asta plu tarda** see you later. **asta reuni** bye, goodbye, see you, ta-ta. **asta revide** bye, goodbye, see you. See *cuando*.

**astatica** *adj.* astatic.

**astato** *n.* astatine (*element*).

**asteca** *adj.*  *n.* azteca.

**asteni** *vi.* abstain, refrain, desist, eschew, forbear, deny oneself, forgo, recuse. ● *n.* abstinence, abstention, forbearance, abnegation, self-denial. **asteni de seso** celibacy. **asteni de vota** abstention from voting.

**astenia** *n.* asthenia (*medical*). ● *n.suff.* -asthenia.

**astenica** *adj.* asthenic.

**asteninte** *adj.* abstinent, abstemious, ascetic; chaste, celibate; teetotal.

**astenisme** *n.* asceticism.

**astenor** *n.* abstainer, ascetic. **astenor de alcol** teetotaller (US teetotaler).

**aster** *n.* aster (*plant*).

**asterida** *n.* asterid (*plant*).

**asteroide** *n.* asteroid.

**astigmata** *adj.* astigmático.

**astigmatia** *n.* astigmatismo.

**astragalo** *n.* astragalus, milkvetch (*plant*: *Astragalus*).

**astral** *adj.* astral.

**astrata** *adj.* abstract. ● *n.* abstraction (*something abstract*).

**astrati** *vi.* become abstract. ● *vt.* abstract, abstract out.

**astratia** *n.* abstractness, abstraction (*quality*).

**astratisme** *n.* abstractionism.

**astrinje** *vt.* cause to contract, be astringent (*anatomy*).

**astrinjente** *adj.* astringent. ● *n.* astringent, toner.

**astro-** *pref.* astro-.

**astrobiolojia** *n.* astrobiología.

**astrobiolojial** *adj.* astrobiological.

**astrobiolojiste** *n.* astrobiologist.

**astrofisica** *n.* astrophysics.

**astrofisiciste** *n.* astrophysicist.

**astrolabio** *n.* astrolabe (*device*).

**astrolojia** *n.* astrology.

**astrolojial** *adj.* astrological.

**astrolojiste** *n.* astrologer, astrologist.

**astronauta** *n.* astronaut, cosmonaut, spaceman, spacewoman.

**astronomia** *n.* astronomy.

**astronomial** *adj.* astronomical.

**astronomiste** *n.* astronomer.

**astruzo** *n.* ostrich (*Struthio camelus*).

**asturian** *adj.*  *n.* asturiano.

**Asturias** *n.pl.* Asturias (*Spanish region*).

**astuta** *adj.* astute, clever, smart, cunning, savvy, shrewd, witty, incisive, punchy. **astuta de rede** internet-savvy. **astuta de ueb** web-savvy. **es plu astuta ca** outwit, outsmart, outthink, outfox. **tecnical astuta**tech-savvy.

**astutia** *n.* astuteness, cleverness, wittiness, wit, esprit, cunning, savvy, shrewdness, acumen. **astutia comersial** business acumen.

**asurda** *adj.* absurd, nonsensical, ludicrous, preposterous, ridiculous, risible, far-fetched. ● *n.* absurdity (*something absurd*), nonsense, drivel, flimflam, hogwash, poppycock. ● *interj.* absurd, nonsense, rubbish.

**asurdia** *n.* absurdity (*quality*), ludicrousness, preposterousness, ridiculousness.

**asusta** *vt.* frighten, scare, terrify, horrify. ● *n.* fright, scare.

**asustada** *adj.* frightened.

**asustante** *adj.* frightening, terrifying, terrible, horrible, horrid, horrific, horrendous, fearsome, awful, dreadful, frightful, grotesque, atrocious, creepy, scary, spooky. ● *adv.* terribly, horribly, awfully.

**asustavia** *n.* scarecrow.

**asustor** *n.* bogeyman, boogeyman.

**ata** *vi.* act. ● *n.* action, act, deed (*thing done*, *legal document*, *section of drama*); (*an*) activity. **ata esajerada**overact, ham. **atas de gera** acts of warfare, hostilities. **bon ata** good deed, act of kindness.

**ataca** *vt.* attack, assault, charge, storm, besiege, raid, aggress, assail, tackle, belabour (US belabor). ● *n.* attack, assault, aggression, foray, onslaught, offence (US offense), offensive, raid; paroxysm, seizure, fit, bout. **ataca de aira** air raid. **ataca de cor** heart attack, coronary. **ataca de rie** fit of laughter. **ataca par suiside**suicide attack. **ataca serebral** stroke, transient ischemic attack. **ataca sortinte** sally, sortie.

**atacable** *adj.* vulnerable, assailable, open to attack.

**atacada** *adj.* attacked, besieged, under attack.

**Atacama, Deserto** *n.* Atacama Desert.

**atacante** *adj.* attacking, aggressive, belligerent.

**atacor** *n.* attacker, aggressor, assailant, besieger; forward, striker.

**atacosa** *adj.* aggressive.

**atalanta** *n.* red admiral (*butterfly*: *Vanessa atalanta*).

**atavisme** *n.* atavism.

**ataviste** *adj.* atavistic.

**ataxia** *n.* ataxia (*medical*).

**ataxica** *adj.* ataxic.

**ateisme** [ateïsme] *n.* atheism.

**ateiste** [ateïste] *adj.* atheistic, godless. ● *n.* atheist.

**atenable** *adj.* reachable, attainable, achievable.

**atende** *vt.* pay attention to, attend to, heed, take into account; keep an eye on, mind, look after, take care of (*temporarily*); attend, serve (*master*). ● *interj.* look out, watch out, be careful, fore. ● *n.* attention, heedfulness. **atrae atende** draw attention. **atraente atende** attention-getting, conspicuous, obtrusive.**nontraente atende** inconspicuous, unobtrusive. **sin atende** careless. **sin atrae atende** inconspicuously, unobtrusively, without drawing attention. See *cura*.

**atendente** *adj.* attentive, alert, attendant, heedful; careful, rigorous, clear-headed, wakeful.

**atendor** *n.* attendant, caretaker, sitter; squire. **atendor de bebe** babysitter. **atendores** attendants, entourage, retinue.

**atendosa** *adj.* fastidious, meticulous.

**ateni** *vt.* reach, attain, achieve, accomplish, score; catch up with. ● *n.* attainment, achievement, accomplishment, feat. **ateni fasil** easy achievement, cakewalk, piece of cake. **ateni min ca espetada** underachieve. **ateni plu ca espetada** overachieve.

**atenta** *vt.* attempt, try, endeavour (US endeavor), essay. ● *n.* attempt, try. **atenta colpa** try to hit, take a swing at. **atenta criminal** criminal attempt. **atenta e era** trial and error. See *proba*.

**atera** *vi.* land, make landfall, arrive at port. ● *vt.* land. ● *n.* landing, landfall.

**aterador** *n.* lander (*space travel*).

**atereria** *n.* runway, landing strip.

**ateroma** *n.* atheroma (*medical*).

**aterosclerose** *n.* atherosclerosis.

**atesta** *vt.* attest, testify, give as evidence; vouch, acknowledge. ● *n.* testimony, evidence, testament, testimonial.**atesta falsa** *v.* commit perjury, perjure. ● *n.* perjury. **atesta final** will, last will and testament. **Atesta Nova** New Testament. **Atesta Vea** Old Testament. **atesta vival** living will. **sin atesta** intestate.

**atestante** *adj.* attesting, evidential, evidentiary.

**atestor** *n.* testator; witness, eyewitness.

**Atica** *n.* Attica (*Greek region*). **atica** *adj.* & *n.* Attic (*person*, *language*).

**Atina** *n.* Athens.

**ativa** *adj.* active, busy. ● *n.* asset; active (*verb*).

**ativi** *vi.* activate. ● *vt.* activate, trigger, precipitate, deploy. ● *n.* activation, deployment.

**ativia** *n.* activity, activeness, bustle, dealings. **ativia volcanal** volcanic activity, volcanism.

**ativisme** *n.* activism.

**ativiste** *n.* activist, militant.

**atlantica** *adj.* Atlantic. **Mar Atlantica** Atlantic Ocean.

**Atlantida** *n.* Atlantis.

**Atlas** *n.* Atlas. **Montes Atlas** Atlas Mountains.

**atleta** *n.* athlete.

**atletal** *adj.* athletic.

**atletisme** *n.* athletic activity, sports, athletics. **atletisme lejera** track-and-field athletics. **atletisme pesosa**weightlifting and wrestling.

**atmosfera** *n.* atmosphere.

**atmosferal** *adj.* atmospheric.

**-ato** *n.suff.* -ate (*chemistry*).

**atol** *n.* atoll.

**atom** *n.* atom.

**atomal** *adj.* atomic.

**atomi** *vi.* & *vt.* atomize.

**atonia** *n.* atony (*medical*).

**atonica** *adj.* atonic.

**ator** *n.* actor, performer, player, thespian. **ator esajerada** ham. **ator fema** female actor, actress. **ator mas**male actor. **atores** actors, cast.

**atrae** *vt.* attract, allure, entice. ● *n.* attraction, allure, enticement. **atrae minor** minor attraction, sideshow.**atrae per turistes** tourist attraction, sight.

**atraente** *adj.* attracting.

**atraosa** *adj.* attractive, pretty, cute, winsome. ● *n.* attractive person, bombshell.

**-atresia** *n.suff.* -atresia (*medical*).

**atribui** *vt.* attribute, credit (*with*); e.g. *atribui un cualia a algun*; *atribui esta obra a acel autor*. ● *n.* attribution.

**atribuida** *adj.* attributed, credited. ● *n.* attribute, quality.

**atricorno** *n.* scrub-bird (*Atrichornis*).

**atrio** *n.* atrium, hall, lobby, foyer, vestibule. **atrio de presentores** green room.

**atrofia** *vi.* atrophy, wither. ● *n.* atrophy, atrophying, withering.

**atrofica** *adj.* atrophic.

**atropina** *n.* atropine (*substance*).

**atuarial** *adj.* actuarial.

**atuario** *n.* actuary.

**aturdi** *vt.* stun, daze, bewilder, bedazzle, befuddle, stupefy, knock out. ● *n.* knockout; bewilderment.

**aturdida** *adj.* stunned, dazed, stupefied, dopey.

**aturdinte** *adj.* stunning, bewildering, stupefying; breathtaking.

**au** *interj.* ow, ouch.

**Auad** *n.* Awadh, Audh, Oudh (*Indian region*).

**auadi** *adj.* & *n.* Awadhi.

**audio** *adj.* & *n.* audio.

**audiolojia** *n.* audiology.

**audiolojiste** *n.* audiologist.

**audiomanica** *n.* audiophile.

**audiometre** *n.* audiometer.

**audiovideo** *adj.* audiovisual.

**augur** *n.* augur.

**auguria** *n.* augury, auspices.

**aulacode** *n.* cane rat (*Thryonomys*).

**aulo** *n.* aulos (*musical instrument*).

**aumenta** *vi.* augment, increase, increment, supplement, boost, surge, redouble; appreciate (*in value*); tighten (*rules*). ● *n.* augmentation, increase, surge, supplement, boost, upsurge, increment. **aumenta con** increase by (*an addition*). **aumenta de salario** wage rise, wage raise, pay rise, pay raise.

**aumental** *adj.* supplementary, supplemental, incremental.

**aura** *n.* aura.

**aurora** *n.* aurora. **aurora norde** Aurora Borealis, northern lights. **aurora sude** Aurora Australis, southern lights.

**Australasia** *n.* Australasia.

**australasian** *adj.* Australasian.

**Australia** *n.* Australia.

**australian** *adj.* & *n.* Australian. **Baia Australian Grande** Great Australian Bight. **Desertos Australian**Australian Deserts.

**australopiteco** *n.* australopithecus (*primate*: *Australopithecus*).

**austronesian** *adj.* Austronesian.

**autentica** *adj.* authentic, genuine.

**autentici** *vi.* & *vt.* authenticate, certify, authenticate, vet; log in (*software*). ● *n.* authentication, verification, certification; certificate.

**autenticia** *n.* authenticity, genuineness.

**autenticida** *adj.* authenticated; logged in (*software*).

**autisme** *n.* autism.

**autiste** *adj.* autistic.

**auto**¹ *n.* car, automobile, auto. **auto de fuji** getaway car. **auto de serie** stock car. **auto de xoca** bumper car, dodgem. **auto esplorante** scout car. See *automobil*.

**auto-**² *pref.* auto-, self- (*reflexive or automatic action*); e.g. *autopilote*; *autodestrui*.

**autoaderente** *adj.* self-adhesive, self-sticking.

**autoaida** *n.* self-help.

**autoarpa** *n.* autoharp.

**autobiografia** *n.* autobiography, memoirs.

**autobiografial** *adj.* autobiographical, autobiographic.

**autoboni** *n.* self-improvement.

**autocaravan** *n.* motor home, recreational vehicle, RV, campervan.

**autoclave** *n.* autoclave.

**autocompatia** *n.* self-pity.

**autoconsensa** *adj.* self-conscious.

**autocontradise** *vt.* contradict oneself.

**autocontradisente** *adj.* self-contradictory.

**autocopia** *vt.* self-replicate, autoreplicate. ● *n.* self-replication.

**autocopiante** *adj.* self-replicating, autoreplicating.

**autocoreti** *vi.* self-correct.

**autocoretinte** *adj.* self-correcting.

**autocrata** *adj.* autocratic, dictatorial, sovereign, totalitarian. ● *n.* autocrat, dictator.

**autocratia** *n.* autocracy, autarchy, dictatorship, sovereignty, totalitarianism.

**autocreada** *adj.* self-made.

**autodefende** *n.* self-defence (US self-defense).

**autodepinta** *n.* self-portrait.

**autodestrui** *vt.* self-destruct.

**autodestruinte** *adj.* self-destructive.

**autodetermina** *vt.* self-determine, self-direct. ● *n.* self-determination.

**autodisiplina** *n.* self-discipline.

**autoduta** *n.* self-doubt.

**autoempleada** *adj.* self-employed.

**autoerotica** *adj.* autoerotic.

**autoesplicante** *adj.* self-explanatory.

**autoesposa** *n.* autoexposure.

**autoevidente** *adj.* self-evident.

**autofida** *n.* self-confidence, morale, assertiveness, aplomb.

**autofidante** *adj.* self-confident, assertive, self-assured; smug.

**autoflue** *vi.* & *vt.* word-wrap. ● *n.* word wrap.

**autoidentia** *n.* self-identity.

**autoimune** [autoïmune] *adj.* autoimmune.

**autoimunia** *n.* autoimmunity.

**autoinstruida** [autoïnstruida] *adj.* self-taught, autodidact.

**autojiro** *n.* autogyro, autogiro, gyroplane, gyrocopter.

**automanica** *n.* car enthusiast, automobilist.

**automata** *adj.* automated, automatic. ● *n.* automat, automaton, automata. **automata de banco** ATM, cash machine, cashpoint. **automata de discos** jukebox, nickelodeon.

**automati** *vt.* automate. ● *n.* automation.

**automobil** *n.* automobile, car.

**automobilal** *adj.* automotive.

**automobili** *vt.* transport by car.

**automorfe** *adj.* automorphic.

**automotiva** *vi.* motivate oneself. ● *n.* self-motivation.

**automotivada** *adj.* self-motivated, showing initiative.

**autonal** *adj.* autumnal.

**autono** *n.* autumn, fall.

**autonom** *adj.* autonomous, independent, self-governing, sovereign.

**autonomi** *vi.* gain independence, become autonomous.

**autonomia** *n.* autonomy, independence, sovereignty, self-rule.

**autonomida** *adj.* self-proclaimed, self-styled.

**autoodia** *n.* self-hatred, self-loathing.

**autopilote** *n.* autopilot.

**autopoleni** *vi.* self-pollinate. ● *n.* self-pollination, autogamy.

**autopropulsa** *vt.* self-propel. ● *n.* self-propulsion.

**autopsia** *n.* autopsy, postmortem.

**autor** *n.* author, writer, creator. **autor de anunsias** copywriter. **autor teatral** playwright.

**autoreali** *vi.* self-realize, self-actualize. ● *n.* self-realization, self-actualization.

**autoregula** *vi.* self-regulate.

**autoremedia** *vt.* self-limit.

**autoremediada** *adj.* self-limited (*disease*).

**autoreproxa** *n.* self-reproach.

**autorespeta** *n.* self-respect, self-esteem.

**autorespirador** *n.* scuba, aqualung.

**autorestrinje** *n.* self-restraint, self-control.

**autorestrinjeda** *adj.* self-restrained, self-controlled.

**autori** *vt.* authorize, empower. ● *n.* authorization.

**autoria**¹ *n.* authority, mandate, jurisdiction.

**autoria**² *n.* authorship.

**autorida** *adj.* authorized, certified, qualified.

**autoriosa** *adj.* authoritative, canonical; plenipotentiary. ● *n.* authority; leader.

**autoritar** *adj.* authoritarian, high-handed, bossy, officious. ● *n.* authoritarian.

**autoritarisme** *n.* authoritarianism.

**autoritariste** *adj.* & *n.* authoritarian.

**autosacrifia** *n.* self-sacrifice.

**autosasiada** *adj.* self-satisfied, smug, complacent.

**autoservi** *n.* self-service.

**autostopa** *vi.* hitchhike. ● *n.* hitchhiking.

**autostopor** *n.* hitchhiker.

**autosufisinte** *adj.* self-sufficient.

**autotrof** *adj.* autotrophic. ● *n.* autotroph.

**autotrofia** *n.* autotrophia.

**autovia** [autovía] *n.* motorway, highway, carriageway, superhighway, turnpike. **autovia verde** parkway.

**ava** *n.* grandmother.

**avalanxa** *vi.* & *n.* avalanche.

**avansa** *vi.* advance, go forward, surge. ● *vt.* advance; forward (*document*). ● *interj.* advance, forward, forwards, onward, onwards, on we go. ● *n.* advance, incursion, surge, inroad. **avansa grande** breakthrough. **avansa min** lag behind, dawdle, straggle. **avansa parlante a** accost. **avansa rapida** fast-forward. **avansa subita** breakaway (*sport*). **fa avansas a** make advances to, make a pass at, come on to, hit on.

**avansada** *adj.* advanced; late. ● *n.* vanguard, spearhead (*attack*).

**avar** *adj.* avaricious, greedy, acquisitive, grasping, rapacious; miserly, stingy, mean, grubby, close-fisted, tight-fisted. ● *n.* miser, scrooge.

**avaria** *n.* greed, meanness, miserliness, avarice.

**avatar** *n.* avatar.

**ave** *vt.* have, own. — *Ave* does not mean *have* as in *you have done well* (*tu ia fa bon*) or *having eaten, she slept*(*pos come, el ia dormi*). **ave un metre de longia** be a metre (US meter) long. **no ave** do not have, lack, be without. **on ave** there is, there are, there exists. **on ave asi alga ideas** here are some ideas. **on ave un problem** there is a problem. **on no ave** there is not, there are not.

**avena** *n.* oat, oats (*Avena*).

**aveneria** *n.* venue.

**aveni** *vi.* happen, occur, take place, transpire. ● *vt.* cause to happen, stage, hold (*event*). ● *n.* happening, occurrence, event, incident; (*special*) occasion; outbreak. **avenis corente** current events. **avenis de la ora**current events, latest news. **avenis nova** news, current events.

**avenosa** *adj.* eventful.

**aventura** *vi.* adventure. ● *n.* adventure, escapade.

**aventurante** *adj.* adventurous (*person*).

**aventuror** *n.* adventurer.

**aventurosa** *adj.* adventurous (*activity*).

**averbal** *adj.* adverbial.

**averbin** *adj.* adverbial.

**averbo** *n.* adverb. **averbo de demanda** interrogative adverb. **averbo-sujunta** *n.* subordinating adverb, relative adverb.

**avertador** *n.* alarm, buzzer, siren.

**averti** *vt.* warn (*of danger*), caution. ● *n.* warning, caution.

**avesta** *n.* avesta (*scripture*).

**avi** *n.* grandparent.

**avia** *n.* bird. **avia cantante** warbler, songbird. **avia de acua** waterbird, waterfowl. **avia de cultiveria** fowl, farm bird. **avia de mar** seabird. **avia de paradiso** bird of paradise (*Paradisaeidae*). **avia de tona**thunderbird. **avia tentante** decoy. **avia xasada** gamebird. **avia xasante** bird of prey. **avias de cultiveria** poultry, farm birds.

**avial** *adj.* avian.

**avicultur** *n.* aviculture.

**avieria** *n.* aviary.

**avieta** *n.* chick, fledgling, birdie.

**avion** *n.* aeroplane (US airplane), aircraft. **avion comersial** commercial aircraft, airliner. **avion de mar**seaplane, hydroplane. **avion liscante** glider. **avion sin pilote** drone, unmanned aerial vehicle. **avion xasante** fighter aircraft. **sur avion** on board.

**avioneria** *n.* aircraft hangar.

**avioneta** *n.* (*small*) drone.

**avioni** *vt.* airfreight. ● *n.* aviation; airfreight.

**avionica** *n.* avionics.

**avionor** *n.* aviator.

**avisa** *vt.* advise, notify, give notice, alert. ● *n.* advice, warning, notice, notification, alert, bulletin, prompt; caveat, proviso. **avisa de via** road sign, street sign. **avisa vidable** visual alert.

**aviseta** *vt.* & *n.* hint, tip.

**avo** *n.* grandfather.

**avocado** *n.* avocado (*tree*, *fruit*: *Persea americana*).

**avocato** *n.* lawyer, barrister, solicitor, attorney, counsel. **avocato acusante** prosecuting attorney, prosecutor.**avocato de corte** barrister. **avocato defendente** defence (US defense) attorney, defence (US defense) lawyer. **avocato frodante** shyster. **avocato jeneral** attorney general. **avocato personal** solicitor.

**avoseta** *n.* avocet (*bird*: *Recurvirostra*).

**axa** *n.* ax (US axe). **axa de gera** battleax (US battleaxe), poleax (US poleaxe).

**axcenazi** *adj.* Ashkenazi (*Judaism*). ● *n.* Ashkenazi Jew.

**axeta** *n.* hatchet, tomahawk. **axeta de carnor** cleaver, butcher’s knife.

**axi**¹ [axí] *interj.* atishoo.

**axi**² *vt.* chop, hack, hew. **axi a picos** mince.

**axia** *n.* adze (*tool*).

**axida** *adj.* chopped. **axida a picos** minced, finely chopped.

**axila** *n.* armpit, underarm.

**axilal** *adj.* axillary, underarm.

**axiom** *n.* axiom, convention, postulate.

**axiomal** *adj.* axiomatic.

**axiomi** *vt.* axiomatize. ● *n.* axiomation.

**axisa** *n.* abscissa (*coordinate*).

**Axoca** *n.* Ashoka (*Indian emperor*).

**axocan** *adj.* Ashokan.

**axolote** *n.* axolotl (*amphibian*: *Ambystoma mexicanum*).

**axon** *n.* broadaxe (US broadax).

**axor** *n.* axman (US axeman).

**axram** *n.* ashram (*hermitage*).

**axu** [axú] *interj.* achoo.

**Axum** *n.* Aksum (*Ethiopian city*).

**azalea** *n.* azalea (*plant*: *Rhododendron*, *Pentanthera*, *Tsutsuji*).

**Azerbaidjan** *n.* Azerbaijan.

**azerbaidjani** *adj.* & *n.* Azerbaijani.

**azimuta** *n.* azimuth (*astronomy*).

**azor** *n.* goshawk, hawk (larger members of *Accipitrinae*).

**azospermia** *n.* azoospermia (*medical*).

**azotemia** *n.* azotemia (*medical*).

**Azov, Mar** *n.* Sea of Azov.

**azul** *adj.* light blue, sky blue, baby blue, powder blue, azure. ● *n.* azure, light blue, baby blue, powder blue. **azul de sielo** sky blue. **azul verdin** greenish blue, greeny blue. **verdin azul** greenish-blue, greeny-blue.

**azuli** *vi.* & *vt.* turn light blue.

B

**b** [be] *letter* b.

**ba** *interj.* bah, nonsense, rubbish, who cares?

**babau** *n.* bogeyman, boogeyman, bogey, bogles, bugaboo, bugbear.

**babca** *n.* babka (*cake*).

**babela** *vt.* babble, gab, gabble, mutter, gibber, witter, prattle, prate, waffle, bumble, talk nonsense. ● *n.*gibberish, gobbledygook, gobbledegook, bafflegab, jargon, patter, balderdash, piffle, baloney, drivel, bunkum, twaddle. **babela bela** blah blah blah.

**babelosa** *adj.* gibberish, jargon-filled.

**Babilonia** *n.* Babylonia.

**babilonian** *adj.* babylonian.

**babirusa** *n.* babirusa, deer pig, pig deer (*Babyrousa*).

**babuin** *n.* baboon (*Papio*, *Mandrillus*).

**baca** *n.* berry. **baca de peper** peppercorn.

**bacara** *n.* baccarat (*card game*).

**bacelita** *n.* bakelite.

**bacin** *adj.* berrylike.

**baclava** *n.* baklava (*dessert*).

**Bactria** *n.* Bactria (*ancient region*).

**badaui** *adj.* & *n.* Bedouin.

**badminton** *n.* badminton.

**badmintonor** *n.* badminton player.

**Baffin** *n.* Baffin. **Baia Baffin** Baffin Bay. **Isola Baffin** Baffin Island.

**bagaje** *n.* baggage, luggage.

**bagel** *n.* bagel.

**bagete** *n.* baguette (*bread*). **bagete plenida** Italian sandwich, submarine sandwich, sub, hoagie, hoagy, grinder, hero.

**bahai** [bahaï] *adj.* & *n.* Baha’i.

**bahaisme** [bahaïsme] *n.* Baha’i, Baha’ism (*religion*).

**bahaman** *adj.* & *n.* Bahamian.

**Bahamas** *n.pl.* Bahamas.

**baia** *n.* bay, bight.

**Baical, Lago** *n.* Lake Baikal, Lake Baykal.

**baieres** *adj.* & *n.* Bavarian.

**Baiern** *n.* Bavaria.

**baieta**¹ *n.* baize (*fabric*).

**baieta**² *n.* cove, inlet.

**baioneta** *n.* bayonet.

**bait** *n.* byte.

**bal** *n.* ball. **bal bonodorosa** pomander. **bal de bolo** bowl, bowling ball. **bal de canon** cannonball. **bal de carne** meatball. **bal de foco** fireball. **bal de futbal** football. **bal de naftalina** mothball. **bal de neva**snowball. **bal de pasta** dumpling, gnocco. **bal de tenis** tennis ball. **bal oto** eightball. **bales de pasta**gnocchi.

**bala** *vt.* baa, bleat. See *maa*.

**Balabak, Streta** *n.* Balabac Strait.

**balaclava** *n.* balaclava.

**balada** *n.* ballad.

**baladador** *n.* personal stereo, walkman. **baladador dijital** MP3 player, digital audio player.

**balador** *n.* balladeer.

**balalaica** *n.* balalaika (*musical instrument*).

**balansa** *n.* seesaw; scales. **Balansa** *n.* Libra (*constellation*). **balansa fratal** vernier (*fractional scale*).

**balansador** *n.* outrigger.

**balansi** *vt.* seesaw, balance, swing (*up and down*).

**balasti** *vt.* ballast.

**balasto** *n.* ballast.

**balbuta** *vt.* & *n.* stutter, stammer; splutter, sputter.

**balcan** *adj.* Balkan. **Balcanes** Balkans (*mountains*, *region*).

**balcon** *n.* balcony. **balcon media** mezzanine.

**baldacin** *n.* canopy, baldaquin, tabernacle, marquee, awning.

**balde** *n.* bucket, pail.

**baldon** *n.* bin, dustbin, rubbish bin, litter bin, trash can, garbage can, ashcan. **baldon de resicli** recycling bin, recycle bin.

**baldoni** *vt.* bin, throw away, chuck out, toss, toss out.

**balear** *adj.* Balearic. **Isolas Balear** Balearic Islands. **Mar Balear** Balearic Sea.

**balena** *n.* whale (*Cetacea*). **Balena** *n.* Cetus (*constellation*).

**balenor** *n.* whaler.

**balenotera** *n.* rorqual (*whale*: *Balaenopteridae*).

**balesta** *n.* crossbow.

**baleston** *n.* arbalest (*weapon*).

**baleta** *n.* bullet.

**baletiste** *n.* ballet dancer, ballerina.

**baleto** *n.* ballet.

**Balgaria** *n.* Bulgaria.

**balgarsce** *adj.* & *n.* Bulgarian (*person*, *language*).

**Bali** *n.* Bali.

**balia** *vi.* yawn; gape. ● *n.* yawn.

**baliante** *adj.* yawning, gaping, agape, wide open.

**balio** *n.* bailiff.

**balistica** *n.* ballistics.

**balistical** *adj.* ballistic.

**balmol** *n.* softball (*sport*).

**balo** *n.* dance (*event*). **balo de debuantes** debutantes’ ball, cotillion. **balo formal** ball. **balo vivosa** lively dance (*event*), hop, bop, hoedown, hootenanny, shindig, corroboree.

**balon** *n.* balloon; (*speech*) bubble. **balon de aira calda** hot-air balloon. **balon de avisa** warning balloon (*software*).

**balonor** *n.* balloonist.

**balotxi** *adj.* Baloch, Baluch, Balochi.

**Balotxistan** *n.* Balochistan, Baluchistan.

**balsa** *n.* raft.

**balsam** *n.* balm, balsam, liniment. **balsam de labio** lip balm, lip salve, chapstick.

**balsamal** *adj.* balsamic.

**balsami** *vt.* embalm.

**balsi** *vt.* raft, send by raft.

**Baltica** *n.* Baltic. **Mar Baltica** Baltic Sea.

**baltican** *adj.* Baltic.

**balustre** *n.* baluster, railing.

**bambola** *vi.* wobble, totter, teeter, be unsteady; stagger, reel, bumble, lurch, toddle, walk unsteadily; flounder, flail.

**bambolante** *adj.* tottering, staggering; tipsy.

**bambu** [bambú] *n.* bamboo (*plant*, *stem*: *Bambusa*, *Arundinaria*, *Dendrocalamus*).

**banana** *n.* banana (*plant*, *fruit*: *Musa*).

**banca** *n.* bench (*seat*), pew.

**bancarota** *adj.* bankrupt, insolvent.

**bancaroti** *vi.* go bankrupt, go bust. ● *vt.* bankrupt, make bankrupt.

**bancarotia** *n.* bankruptcy.

**banceta** *vi.* & *n.* banquet, feast.

**banco** *n.* bank (*money*). **banco de arena** sandbank. **banco de datos** database, data bank. **banco de oios**eye bank.

**bancor** *n.* banker.

**bancsia** *n.* banksia (*plant*: *Banksia*).

**banda** *n.* band, tape, strip, strap, streamer; track (*mix*); lane (*traffic*); swathe. **banda audio** audio tape. **banda de calsa** garter (*band around leg*). **banda de capeles** hairband, bandeau. **banda de crise** emergency lane, hard shoulder. **banda de cuoro** leather band, thong. **banda de frecuentia** frequency band, waveband. **banda de lenio** strip of wood, lath. **banda de oios** blindfold. **banda de rota** tread (*tyre*).**banda de sona** soundtrack. **banda de suo** sweatband. **banda de taie** waistband. **banda de testa**headband. **banda de xapo** hatband. **banda elastica** elastic band, rubber band. **banda emostasal**tourniquet. **banda erugin** caterpillar track, continuous track, tank tread. **banda fortinte** strengthening strip, wale. **banda larga** broadband. **banda medical** bandage. **banda medical aderente** band-aid, sticking plaster. **banda ru** rumble strip (*on road*). **banda solosa** sunbelt (*sunny region*). **banda transportante** conveyor belt. **banda video** video tape.

**Banda, Mar** *n.* Banda Sea.

**bandana** *n.* bandana, kerchief.

**bande** *n.* band, ensemble, combo (*people*). **bande marxante** marching band.

**bandera** *n.* flag, banner, banderole.

**bandereta** *n.* pennant. **banderetas** bunting.

**banderor** *n.* flagman.

**bandeta** *n.* stripe (*pattern*), streak.

**bandetosa** *adj.* stripy, striped, tabby.

**bandi** *vt.* tape, tape up; strap. **bandi la oios** blindfold.

**bandicute** *n.* bandicoot (*Peramelidae*).

**bandin** *adj.* straplike, strap-shaped.

**banditia** *n.* banditage, brigandage.

**bandito** *n.* bandit, outlaw, highwayman, brigand.

**bandolera** *n.* bandolier (*belt*).

**bandura** *n.* bandura (*musical instrument*).

**bangalo** *n.* bungalow, ranch house.

**bangla** *adj.* Bengali, Bangla. ● *n.* Bengali, Bangla (*person*, *language*).

**Bangladex** *n.* Bangladesh.

**bani** *vt.* bathe. ● *n.* bath, bathing. **bani de sangue** bloodbath. **bani de spuma** foam bath, bubble bath (*activity*). **bani su sol** sunbathe.

**banieria** *n.* spa, bath, bath house (*communal*). **banieria mineral** mineral bath, spa. **banieria termal**thermal bath, spa.

**banio** *n.* bathtub, bath, tub. **banio de vortis** whirlpool bath, hot tub, jacuzzi, spa.

**baniomaria** *n.* double boiler, water bath, bain-marie.

**banior** *n.* bather.

**banjiste** *n.* banjo player.

**banjo** *n.* banjo.

**banlam** *adj.* & *n.* Min Nan, Ban-Lam (*person*, *language*).

**bantu** *adj.* & *n.* Bantu (*person*, *language*).

**banxi** *n.* banshee.

**baobab** *n.* baobab (*Adansonia*).

**bar** *n.* bar, pub, bar room, saloon.

**bara** *n.* bar, rod, rail; slash (*punctuation*). **bara de confeto** candy bar, confectionery bar. **bara de dentes** rack (*for pinion*). **bara de molas** splinter bar. **bara de musli** muesli bar, granola bar, flapjack. **bara de pesas**barbell. **bara de rola** scrollbar. **bara de tira** tow bar, tow hitch. **bara de titulo** title bar (*software*). **bara de utiles** toolbar (*software*). **bara de xocolada** chocolate bar. **bara inclinada** slash, forward slash, oblique stroke, solidus. **bara natural** health bar (*food*). **bara reta** straightedge (*tool*). **bara reversada**backslash. **bara traversante** crossbar. **bara vertical** vertical slash, bar, pipe symbol. **baras de arjento**silver bullion. **baras de oro** gold bullion.

**baracuda** *n.* barracuda (*Phyraena barracuda*).

**Barain** *n.* Bahrain.

**baraini** *adj.* & *n.* Bahraini.

**Barat** *n.* India. See *India*.

**barata** *adj.* cheap, inexpensive. ● *n.* bargain (*cheap item*).

**baratamanica** *n.* cheapskate, pinchpenny, tightwad.

**barati** *adj.* & *n.* Indian (*person*, *language*). See *indian*.

**baratia** *n.* cheapness.

**barba** *n.* beard. **barba de balena** baleen. **barba de jenas** whiskers, sideburns, sideboards.

**barbadian** *adj.* & *n.* Barbadian, Bajan (*person*, *language*).

**Barbados** *n.* Barbados.

**barbar** *adj.* barbarian, barbaric, barbarous. ● *n.* barbarian.

**barbaria** *n.* barbarism.

**barbecu** [barbecú] *n.* barbecue, barbeque, BBQ, barbie.

**barbeta** *n.* goatee.

**barbi** *vt.* give a beard to.

**barbida** *adj.* bearded.

**barbiturico** *adj.* barbituric. ● *n.* barbiturate. **asida barbiturico** barbituric acid.

**barbo** *n.* barbel (*Barbus*).

**Barbuda** *n.* Barbuda.

**barbudan** *adj.* & *n.* Barbudan.

**barcasa** *n.* barge.

**barceria** *n.* marina.

**barceta** *n.* dinghy. **barceta de palo** punt.

**barco** *n.* boat. **barco-bus** *n.* water bus, water taxi, sightseeing boat. **barco de canal** canalboat, narrowboat.**barco de embarca** ship’s tender. **barco de faro** lightvessel, lightship. **barco de remos** rowboat, rowing boat. **barco de salva** lifeboat. **barco de vela** sailboat. **barco longa** longboat. **barco teatral** showboat.**barco tirante** tug, tugboat, towboat. **barco vicing** Viking boat, longboat, longship. **estra barco**overboard. **sur barco** on board.

**barcon** *n.* ship. **barcon abandonada** hulk, wreck. **barcon blindada** battleship, armoured (US armored) ship. **barcon de carga** cargo ship, freighter. **barcon de gera** warship. **barcon de soldatos** troopship.**barcon de turi** cruise ship, cruise liner. **barcon de vapor** steamship, steamboat. **barcon de vela** sailing ship. **barcon prima** flagship. **barcon privata** private ship, privateer. **barcon ruinada** shipwreck.**barcon spasial** spaceship, spacecraft, starship.

**barconeria** *n.* boatyard, shipyard.

**barconi** *vt.* ship, send by ship.

**bardal** *adj.* bardic, skaldic.

**bardana** *n.* burdock, hordock (*plant*: *Arctium*).

**barde** *n.* bard, skald.

**Barents, Mar** *n.* Barents Sea.

**bareta** *n.* bolt (*door*, *gun*); barrette, hairslide.

**bari** *vt.* bar, block off; cross out, strike through.

**baril** *n.* barrel, cask, butt, hogshead.

**barileria** *n.* cooperage, barrel factory.

**barileta** *n.* keg.

**barilor** *n.* barrelmaker, cooper.

**bario** *n.* barium (*element*).

**barion** *n.* baryon (*particle*).

**barisentral** *adj.* barycentric.

**barisentro** *n.* barycentre (US barycenter).

**bariste** *n.* bartender, barman, barmaid, barkeep, mixologist; barista.

**baritono** *adj.* & *n.* baritone.

**barmitsva** *n.* bar mitzvah.

**baroca** *adj.* baroque.

**barometre** *n.* barometer.

**baron** *n.* baron, lord.

**baronesa** *n.* baroness.

**baroneta** *n.* baronet.

**baronia** *n.* barony.

**basa** *adj.* low (*position*); lower (*part*); short (*height*); shallow (*depth*); deep (*tone*); low, mean, unkind, base. ● *n.*bottom, bottom half, lower part. **a basa** down; downward, downwards. **a basa de** near the bottom of; down, towards the bottom of. **basa de bicini** bikini bottom. **basa de catran** low in tar, low-tar (*cigarette*). **plu basa** lower, deeper, shorter.

**basalto** *n.* basalt.

**bascetbal** *n.* basketball (*sport*).

**bascetbalor** *n.* basketball player.

**base** *n.* base (*headquarters*, *chemistry*, *linguistic*, *numbers*, *baseball*).

**basebal** *n.* baseball, hardball.

**basebalor** *n.* baseball player.

**basi** *vi.* lower. ● *vt.* lower, reduce in height; debase, degrade; demote. ● *interj.* down with …, no more …; e.g. *basi la regulas!* ● *n.* abasement (*action*); demotion. **basi se** lower oneself, abase oneself, belittle oneself, deign (*to do*). **basi sua regarda** look down.

**basia** *n.* lowness; meanness; abasement (*state*).

**basil** *n.* basil (*Ocimum basilicum*).

**basilica** *n.* basilica.

**basilisco** *n.* basilisk (*lizard*, *mythology*: *Basiliscus*).

**basilo** *n.* bacillus (*bacterium*).

**basin** *n.* basin, bowl (*geography*). **Basin Grande** Great Basin. **basin idrografial** watershed.

**basiste** *n.* bassist, bass player.

**basmati** *n.* basmati rice.

**baso** *adj.* & *n.* bass (*music*).

**basofilia** *n.* basophilia.

**basofilica** *adj.* basophilic. ● *n.* basophil.

**bason** *n.* bassoon.

**Bass, Streta** *n.* Bass Strait.

**basta** *vi.* be ample, be more than enough, more than suffice.

**bastante** *adj.* ample, more than enough, more than sufficient. ● *adv.* amply, enough, sufficiently.

**bastardia** *n.* bastardy, illegitimacy.

**bastardo** *n.* bastard.

**basteta** *n.* stick, twig, small branch. **basteta de dentes** toothpick. **de bastetas** wicker.

**basti** *vt.* cane (*punish*).

**bastion** *n.* bastion, bulwark.

**basto** *n.* stick, cane, rod; ramrod. **basto cavalin** hobbyhorse. **basto curva** crook, staff, crosier, crozier. **basto de mesura** measuring stick, measuring rod. **basto de olio** dipstick. **basto de tambur** drumstick. **basto de zucar** candy cane. **basto eletrical** electric prod, stun baton. **basto majial** wand, magic wand.

**baston** *n.* bat, club, truncheon; skittle, pin (*bowling*). **baston de golf** golf club. **baston de pasea** walking stick.

**bastoni** *vt.* bludgeon, batter, cudgel, club, beat, thrash, clobber, pummel.

**batador** *n.* beater, whisk, churn; thresher; clapper (*bell*). **batador eletrical** beater. **batador engranada**crank beater, eggbeater.

**batalia** *vt.* battle, combat, fight. ● *n.* battle, fight, fighting, combat. **batalia per** campaign for.

**batalion** *n.* battalion.

**batalior** *n.* fighter, combatant; campaigner.

**bate** *vt.* beat, thrash, thresh, batter, pound, pummel; beat up, do over; slam (*door*); flap; whip (*into a froth*), churn.

**bateovo** *n.* eggbeater.

**bateporte** *n.* door knocker.

**bateria** *n.* bacterium, eubacterium (*Bacteria*, *Eubacteria*). **baterias** bacteria.

**baterial** *adj.* bacterial.

**bateriolojia** *n.* bacteriology.

**bateriolojial** *adj.* bacteriological.

**bateriolojiste** *n.* bacteriologist.

**baterioterapia** *n.* bacteriotherapy.

**bateriside** *n.* bactericide.

**baterivor** *adj.* bacterivorous. ● *n.* bacterivore.

**bateta** *vt.* & *n.* knock, rap, tap (*at door*); beat (*heart*); flutter (*wings*). **bateta de cor** heartbeat. **bateta de ungulas** hoofbeat.

**batetador** *n.* knocker (*door*).

**batic** *n.* batik (*dyeing*).

**batiscopio** *n.* bathyscope, aquascope.

**batisfera** *n.* bathysphere.

**batisme** *n.* Baptist religion.

**batista** *n.* batiste (*fabric*).

**batiste** *adj.* & *n.* Baptist.

**batiza** *vt.* baptize, christen. ● *n.* baptism, christening.

**batizeria** *n.* baptistry, baptistery.

**batmitsva** *n.* bat mitzvah.

**bava** *vi.*, *vt.* & *n.* dribble, trickle; drool, slobber.

**bazar** *n.* bazaar; jumble sale, fete.

**bazuca** *n.* bazooka.

**bearnes** *adj.* Béarnaise (*French region*, *sauce*).

**beatifia** *vt.* beatify. ● *n.* beatification.

**beatifiante** *adj.* beatific.

**Beaufort, Mar** [bofor] *n.* Beaufort Sea.

**bebe** *adj.* & *n.* baby, babe, infant, tot. **bebe de la buma** baby boomer. **bebes** babies, litter.

**bebeta** *n.* newborn, neonate.

**bebia** *n.* babyhood, infancy.

**bebop** *n.* bebop (*music*).

**becasia** *n.* woodcock (*bird*: *Scolopax*).

**becerel** *n.* becquerel (*unit of radioactivity*).

**becin** *adj.* beaklike.

**beco** *n.* beak, bill; snout, muzzle; mouthpiece (*music*); nib (*pen*); spout (*jug*). **beco de Bunsen** Bunsen burner.

**becobarcin** *n.* boat-billed heron, boatbill (*bird*: *Cochlearius cochlearius*).

**becocrusada** *n.* crossbill (*bird*: *Loxia*).

**becoibisin** [becoïbisin] *n.* ibisbill (*bird*: *Ibidorhyncha struthersii*).

**becosapatin** *n.* shoebill (*bird*: *Balaeniceps rex*).

**becosisorin** *n.* skimmer (*bird*: *Rynchopidae*, *Rynchops*).

**becospatulin** *n.* spoonbill (*bird*: *Platalea*).

**becospesa** *n.* grosbeak (*bird*: *Carduelinae*).

**bedel** *n.* beadle (*officer*).

**begonia** *n.* begonia (*Begonia*).

**Beijing** *n.* Beijing, Peking.

**beje** *adj.* beige.

**bela** *adj.* beautiful, lovely, pretty, stunning, gorgeous, elegant, handsome. ● *n.* belle, beau. **estrema bela**extremely beautiful, exquisite, gorgeous, ravishing.

**beladona** *n.* belladonna, deadly nightshade (*Atropa belladonna*).

**Belau** *n.* Palau. **belau** *adj.* & *n.* Palauan.

**beleria** *n.* beauty salon, beauty shop, beauty parlour (US parlor).

**beleta** *adj.* pretty, cute, pert. ● *n.* pretty thing, pretty one, cutie.

**belga** *adj.* Belgic. **belgas** Belgae (*ancient tribe*).

**beli** *vi.* become beautiful. ● *vt.* beautify, make beautiful, embellish, prettify. ● *n.* beautification.

**belia** *n.* beauty, loveliness, prettiness, pulchritude.

**Beliz** *n.* Belize.

**belizan** *adj.* & *n.* Belizian.

**beljes** *adj.* & *n.* Belgian.

**Beljia** *n.* Belgium.

**beltin** *n.* beltane (*pagan holiday*).

**beluga** *n.* beluga, white whale (*Delphinapterus leucas*).

**belvedere** *n.* belvedere, gazebo.

**bemol** *adj.* & *n.* flat (*music*).

**ben** *n.* item for sale; commodity. **benes** goods, ware, wares, merchandise, commodities. **benes de arjento**silverware. **benes de coce** cookware. **benes de cose** haberdashery, notions. **benes de cosina**kitchenware. **benes de fero** ironware. **benes de vitro** glassware. **benes dorada** giltware. **benes furada**stolen goods, booty, loot, swag. **benes nonlegal** illegal goods, contraband.

**benedictin** *adj.* & *n.* Benedictine (*monk*).

**benefica** *vi.* benefit, gain advantage. ● *vt.* benefit, give advantage to, favour (US favor). ● *n.* benefit, behalf, sake; perk.

**beneficada** *n.* beneficiary.

**beneficante** *adj.* beneficial, salutary, conducive.

**beneficor** *n.* benefactor.

**beneria** *n.* warehouse, storehouse, repository, depot.

**Bengala** *n.* Bengal. **Golfo Bengala** Bay of Bengal.

**Benin** *n.* Benin.

**benines** *adj.* & *n.* Beninese, Beninois.

**benzen** *n.* benzene. **anelo de benzen** benzene ring.

**benzoica** *adj.* benzoic. **asida benzoica** benzoic acid.

**Beograd** *n.* Belgrade.

**berber** *adj.* & *n.* Berber.

**berberis** *n.* barberry, berberis (*plant*: *Berberis*).

**bercelio** *n.* berkelium (*element*).

**bereta** *n.* beret; biretta.

**bergamota** *n.* bergamot, bergamot orange (*Citrus bergamia*).

**bergamoto** *n.* bergamot tree.

**beril** *n.* beryl (*gem*).

**berilio** *n.* beryllium (*element*).

**Bering** *n.* Bering. **Mar Bering** Bering Sea. **Streta Bering** Bering Strait.

**Beringia** *n.* Beringia.

**Bermuda** *n.* Bermuda.

**bermudan** *adj.* & *n.* Bermudan.

**besa** *vt.* kiss, smooch. ● *n.* kiss.

**besaculo** *n.* (*colloquial*) kiss-ass, kiss-up (*sycophant*).

**besaorea** *n.* (*colloquial*) kiss-ass, kiss-up (*sycophant*).

**beseta** *vt.* peck, lightly kiss. ● *n.* peck, light kiss.

**bestia** *n.* beast. **bestia de carga** pack animal, beast of burden, workhorse. **bestia de servi** service animal, support animal, helper animal. **bestia de tira** draught (US draft) animal. **bestia imajinal** imaginary beast.**bestias** beasts, livestock.

**bestin** *adj.* bestial.

**bestinia** *n.* bestiality.

**beta**¹ *n.* beet, beetroot (*plant*, *vegetable*: *Beta vulgaris*).

**beta**² *n.* beta (*Greek letter*). **a beta** in beta, being beta-tested. **varia de beta** beta version.

**betel** *n.* betel (*plant*, *stimulant*: *Piper betle*).

**beton** *n.* concrete. **beton fortida** reinforced concrete. **de beton** (*made of*) concrete.

**betong** *n.* bettong (*marsupial*: *Bettongia*).

**betonica** *n.* betony, bishopwort (*plant*: *Stachys officinalis*).

**betul** *n.* birch (*Bertula*).

**bevable** *adj.* drinkable, potable.

**beveria** *n.* drinking establishment, pub, tavern.

**bevi** *vt.* drink, imbibe, quaff.

**bevida** *n.* drink, beverage, libation. **bevida de alcol** alcoholic drink. **bevida ofreda** libation. **bevida sin alcol**non-alcoholic drink.

**bexamel** *n.* bechamel, white sauce.

**bezica** *n.* bezique (*card game*).

**bezoar** *n.* bezoar (*biology*).

**bi-** *pref.* bi-.

**biatlon** *n.* biathlon.

**biatlonor** *n.* biathlete.

**Biblia** *n.* Bible.

**biblial** *adj.* biblical.

**biblio-** *pref.* biblio-.

**bibliofilia** *n.* bibliophilia.

**bibliofilica** *n.* bibliophile.

**bibliografia** *n.* bibliography.

**bibliografial** *adj.* bibliographical.

**bibliografiste** *n.* bibliographer.

**biblioteca** *n.* library.

**bibliotecor** *n.* librarian.

**bicarbonato** *n.* bicarbonate. **bicarbonato de sodio** sodium bicarbonate.

**bicini** *n.* bikini.

**bide** *n.* bidet.

**bidimensional** *adj.* two-dimensional.

**biela** *n.* connecting rod (*machinery*).

**Bielarus** *n.* Belarus.

**bielarusce** *adj.* & *n.* Belarusian.

**bies** *n.* bias (*fabric*).

**bifasal** *adj.* biphasic.

**bifocal** *adj.* bifocal. ● *n.* bifocals.

**bigama** *adj.* bigamous.

**bigamia** *n.* bigamy.

**bigamiste** *n.* bigamist.

**bigel** *n.* beagle (*dog*).

**bigin** *n.* beguine, biguine (*dance*).

**bijenero** *adj.* bigender. ● *n.* bigender person.

**bilabial** *adj.* & *n.* bilabial (*consonant*).

**biladal** *adj.* bilateral, two-sided.

**bilal** *adj.* bilious, biliary.

**bilaterio** *n.* bilateral (*Bilateria*).

**bilbi** *n.* bilby, rabbit bandicoot (*Macrotis lagotis*).

**bile** *n.* bile, gall.

**bileta** *n.* ticket; coupon, voucher; bill (*paper money*), note, banknote. **bileta de deta** chit, IOU. **bileta de rasca** scratchcard. **bileta de rasca e gania** scratchcard (*instant lottery*). **bileta de un dirije** one-way ticket. **bileta de vade e reveni** round-trip ticket, return ticket.

**bileteria** *n.* ticket office, box office.

**biletor** *n.* ticket collector, conductor, guard.

**bilia** *n.* marble (*ball*).

**biliarderia** *n.* billiards hall, billiards room, poolhall, poolroom, snooker hall.

**biliardo** *n.* billiards, pool, snooker. **biliardo american** pool. **biliardo engles** snooker. **biliardo franses**carom billiards.

**biliardor** *n.* billiards player.

**bilingual** *adj.* bilingual. ● *n.* bilingual, bilingual person.

**bilingualisme** *n.* bilingualism.

**bilion** *det.* (*a*) billion, (*a*) thousand million, (*a*) milliard. ● *adj.* billionth (*ordinal*).

**bilioni** *vi.* & *vt.* split into a billion parts. ● *n.* billionth (*fraction*).

**bilionor** *n.* billionaire.

**bimetal** *adj.* bimetallic.

**binaria** *adj.* binary.

**binoculal** *adj.* binocular.

**binoculo** *n.* binoculars. **binoculo de teatro** opera glasses.

**binomial** *adj.* binomial.

**binomio** *n.* binomial.

**bio-** *pref.* bio-.

**biocimica** *n.* biochemistry.

**biocimical** *adj.* biochemical.

**biocombustable** *n.* biofuel.

**biodegrada** *vi.* biodegrade. ● *n.* biodegradation.

**biodegradante** *adj.* biodegradable.

**biodiversa** *adj.* biodiverse.

**biodiversia** *n.* biodiversity.

**biofilia** *n.* biophilia.

**biofilica** *adj.* biophilic. ● *n.* biophile.

**biofisica** *n.* biophysics.

**biografia** *n.* biography.

**biografial** *adj.* biographical, biographic.

**biografiste** *n.* biographer.

**biojenese** *n.* biogenesis.

**biojeografia** *n.* biogeography.

**biolojia** *n.* biology. **biolojia matematical** mathematical biology.

**biolojial** *adj.* biological.

**biolojiste** *n.* biologist.

**biomasa** *n.* biomass.

**biomecanica** *n.* biomechanics.

**biometria** *n.* biometrics, biometry, biostatistics.

**biometrial** *adj.* biometric, biometrical.

**bionica** *n.* bionics.

**bionical** *adj.* bionic.

**biopsia** *n.* biopsy.

**bioritmo** *n.* biorhythm.

**biosfera** *n.* biosphere.

**biosintese** *n.* biosynthesis.

**biotecnolojia** *n.* biotechnology.

**bipartida** *adj.* bipartite.

**bipartisan** *adj.* bipartite.

**bipede** *adj.* bipedal. ● *n.* biped.

**biplana** *n.* biplane.

**bipolal** *adj.* bipolar.

**bir** *n.* beer. **bir blonde** lager. **bir forte** stout.

**birazal** *adj.* biracial.

**bireria** *n.* brewery.

**biriani** *n.* biryani, biriani (*food*).

**biror** *n.* brewer.

**bisc** *n.* bisque (*soup*).

**Biscaia** *n.* Biscay. **Golfo Biscaia** Bay of Biscay.

**biscoto** *n.* cookie, biscuit, cracker. **biscoto arenin** shortbread, shortcake. **biscoto de jinjer** gingersnap, ginger nut. **biscoto dur** hardtack. **biscoto savoian** ladyfinger, lady’s finger, sponge finger. **biscoto seca** rusk, zwieback.

**bisel** *n.* bevel.

**biseli** *vt.* bevel, chamfer.

**bisepe** *n.* biceps (*muscle*).

**bisesal** *adj.* bisexual.

**bisesalia** *n.* bisexuality.

**bisicle** *n.* bicycle, bike. **bisicle motorida** motorized bicycle, moped. **bisicle orizonal** recumbent bicycle.**bisicle per du** tandem.

**bisicli** *vt.* bicycle, cycle.

**bisiclisme** *n.* bicycling, cycling (*sport*, *pastime*).

**bisicliste** *n.* bicyclist, cyclist.

**Bismarck, Mar** *n.* Bismarck Sea.

**bismuto** *n.* bismuth.

**bison** *n.* bison (*Bison*).

**bispal** *adj.* episcopal.

**bispia** *n.* bishopric, diocese.

**bispo** *n.* bishop (*including chess*).

**bistro** *n.* bistro.

**bisturi** *n.* scalpel, lancet.

**bitio** *n.* bit, binary digit.

**bitnic** *n.* beatnik.

**bitume** *n.* bitumen, asphalt (*viscous pitch*).

**bitumosa** *adj.* bituminous.

**bivaca** *vi.* bivouac. ● *n.* bivouac encampment.

**bivalvo** *n.* bivalve, clam (*Bivalvia*).

**Bixcec** *n.* Bishkek.

**bizantian** *adj.* Byzantine.

**bizara** *adj.* bizarre, outlandish, kinky, kooky, madcap, zany, wacky. ● *n.* weirdo, oddball, dingbat, kook.

**blanca** *adj.* white; Caucasian, Caucasoid. ● *n.* white. **blanca de ovo** egg white. **blanca-negra** *adj.* black and white. **grisin blanca** greyish white, hoary. **Mar Blanca** White Sea.

**blanceta** *n.* whitefly (*Aleyrodoidea*).

**blanci** *vi.* & *vt.* whiten, bleach, blanch.

**blancida** *adj.* whitened, bleached.

**blancin** *adj.* whitish.

**blancinte** *adj.* whitening. ● *n.* bleach, whitener.

**blanco** *n.* target (*shooting*); butt (*of joke*). **blanco de eserse** practice target.

**blanda** *adj.* bland, mild, plain, weak (*food*, *medicine*); insipid, anodyne, vapid; wimpy. ● *n.* pablum, pap; wimp.

**blandia** *n.* blandness, weakness, plainness.

**blasfema** *vi.* blaspheme; swear, curse, cuss. ● *n.* sacrilege, profanation, blasphemy; swearing, cursing, curse, swearword, expletive.

**blasfemal** *adj.* sacrilegious, profane, blasphemous.

**blasfemante** *adj.* swearing, cursing, foul-mouthed.

**bleni** *n.* blenny (*fish*: *Blennioidei*).

**bleta** *n.* chard (*plant*: *Beta vulgaris susp*. *vulgaris*).

**blinda** *vt.* armour-plate (US armor-plate).

**blindada** *adj.* armoured (US armored), armour-plated (US armor-plated).

**blineta** *n.* blintz (*pancake*).

**blini** *n.* blini (*pancake*).

**bloci** *vt.* block, clog, obstruct, stonewall. ● *n.* blockage, obstruction. **bloci de via** roadblock.

**blocinte** *adj.* blocking. ● *n.* blocker. **blocinte de canales de calsio** calcium-channel blocker. **blocinte de resetadores beta** beta blocker.

**bloco** *n.* block, chunk, slab, obstacle; block (*group of buildings*); bloc (*alliance*). **bloco de desinias** sketch pad.**bloco de notas** notepad, scratchpad. **bloco de paper** pad of paper.

**blog** *n.* blog, web log.

**blogi** *vt.* blog.

**blogor** *n.* blogger, blog author.

**blogosfera** *n.* blogosphere.

**blonde** *adj.* blonde, blond, fair-haired, fair. ● *n.* blonde. **blanca blonde** *adj.* & *n.* platinum blonde. **roja blonde***adj.* & *n.* strawberry blonde.

**blondia** *n.* blondness.

**blu** *adj.* & *n.* dark blue, navy. **blus** blues (*music*).

**blueta** *n.* cornflower, bluet (*Centaurea*, *Houstonia*).

**blugras** *n.* bluegrass (*music*).

**blui** *vi.* & *vt.* turn blue.

**bluin** *adj.* bluish, blueish.

**blusa** *n.* blouse.

**boa** *n.* boa (*snake*, *scarf*: *Boidae*).

**bob** *n.* bobsled, bobsleigh.

**bobia** *n.* silliness, tomfoolery.

**bobin** *n.* spool, reel, bobbin.

**bobini** *vt.* spool, wind.

**bobo**¹ *adj.* silly, goofy, corny, loopy, nutty, bonkers. ● *n.* goofball, goon, nincompoop, pillock, prat.

**bobo**² *n.* booby, gannet (*bird*: *Sula*, *Morus*).

**bobolince** *n.* bobolink (*bird*: *Dolichonyx oryzivorus*).

**bobor** *n.* bobsledder.

**boca** *n.* mouth (*anatomy*, *river*, *cave*), gob; muzzle (*gun*). **boca de leon** snapdragon (*plant*: *Antirrhinum*).**boca de venti** vent. **boca plen** mouthful.

**bocal** *adj.* oral, buccal, of the mouth.

**boceta** *n.* nozzle, showerhead.

**bocon** *n.* maw.

**boctxoi** *n.* bok choy (*cabbage*).

**Bod** *n.* Tibet. **bod** *adj.* Tibetan. ● *n.* Tibetan (*person*, *language*). See *Tibet*, *tibetan*.

**bodi** *n.* bodysuit, body, teddy. **bodi de bebe** onesie, babygro, romper. **bodi de dansa** leotard. **bodi de nada**one-piece swimsuit. **bodi de sporte** leotard. **bodi longa** bodystocking, unitard.

**bodisatva** *n.* bodhisattva (*Buddhism*).

**bodjpuri** *adj.* & *n.* Bhojpuri.

**bodran** *n.* bodhrán (*musical instrument*).

**Boemia** *n.* Bohemia.

**boemian** *adj.* & *n.* Bohemian.

**bogi** *n.* bogie (*wheel system*).

**Bohai, Mar** *n.* Bohai Sea.

**Bohol** *n.* Bohol (*island*). **Mar Bohol** Bohol Sea.

**boia**¹ *n.* buoy.

**boia**² *adj.* Boiian. **boias** Boii (*ancient tribe*).

**boicota** *vt.* & *n.* boycott.

**bol** *n.* basin, bowl, tureen. **bol bonodorosa** potpourri. **bol de lava** dishpan, washing-up bowl, washtub. **bol de leto** bedpan. **bol de mole** mortar. **bol de salada** salad bowl. **bol e piston** mortar and pestle.

**bola** *vi.* bubble, effervesce. ● *n.* bubble.

**bolante** *adj.* bubbling, effervescent.

**bolero** *n.* bolero.

**boleta** *n.* small bowl, porringer.

**bolevar** *n.* boulevard, avenue. **bolevar a plaia** promenade, esplanade, boardwalk. **bolevar de pasea**promenade, mall.

**boli** *vi.* boil, seethe. ● *vt.* boil (*something*). **boli lenta** *vi.* & *vt.* simmer.

**bolida** *adj.* boiled. **dur bolida** hardboiled.

**bolide** *n.* bolide; hotrod.

**boling** *n.* bowling. **boling de des bastones** ten-pin bowling. **boling de nove bastones** nine-pin bowling.

**bolinte** *adj.* boiling.

**Bolivia** *n.* Bolivia.

**bolivian** *adj.* & *n.* Bolivian.

**bolo**¹ *n.* lawn bowling, bowls, bocce, pétanque.

**bolo**² *n.* bolus (*biology*).

**bolosa** *adj.* bubbly.

**bolsa** *n.* handbag, pouch, purse, pocketbook.

**bolseta** *n.* wallet, purse, billfold.

**bolson** *n.* rucksack, backpack, knapsack; holdall, carryall, gymbag, sports bag. **bolson de scola** schoolbag.**bolson de spala** satchel.

**bolsonor** *n.* backpacker.

**bolxevic** *adj.* & *n.* Bolshevik.

**boma** *n.* boom.

**bomba** *n.* bomb, bombshell. **bomba de foco** firebomb. **bomba de idrojen** hydrogen bomb, H-bomb. **bomba ensendente** incendiary bomb. **bomba nucleal** nuclear bomb, nuke. **bomba-orolojo** *n.* time bomb.**bomba umana** human bomb, suicide bomber.

**bombador** *n.* bomber (*aircraft*).

**bombarda**¹ *vt.* bombard, barrage, pelt. ● *n.* bombardment, bombing, barrage, blitz, salvo, volley. **bombarda con foco** firebomb. **bombarda con petras** stone. **bombarda de lado** broadside.

**bombarda**² *n.* bombarde (*musical instrument*).

**bombeta** *n.* mine (*bomb*). **planta bombetas** mine, plant mines.

**bombetador** *n.* minelayer.

**bombi** *vt.* bomb. ● *n.* bombing. **bombi nucleal** nuke.

**bombis** *n.* silkmoth (*Bombyx*). **bombis de morero** domesticated silkworm (*Bombyx mori*).

**bombisila** *n.* waxwing (*bird*: *Bombycilla*).

**bombor** *n.* bomber (*person*), bombardier.

**bon** *adj.* (*prenominal*) good, nice; valid. ● *adv.* well, nicely. ● *interj.* well, right; good, OK, okay. ● *pref.* good-, well- (*added to verbs: a better variant of the action*, *often a specialized sense*); e.g. *bonodori*; *bondise*. **fa la plu bon cual on pote** do one’s best. **la plu bon** best, optimal, optimum. **ma bon** oh well (*mild disappointment*). **multe bon** very good, excellent, primo, top-notch. **no bon e no mal** so-so, comme ci comme ça. **plu bon** *adj.* better, preferable. ● *adv.* preferably, rather.

**Bonaire** *n.* Bonaire (*island*).

**bonajustada** *adj.* well-adjusted; in tune.

**bonbon** *n.* bonbon (*confectionery*).

**bondaje** *n.* bondage (*sexual*).

**bondi** *vi.* bound, bounce, lope. ● *n.* bound.

**bondise** *vt.* bless. ● *n.* blessing, benediction, beatitude. **bondises** blessings.

**bonfem** *n.* nice woman, nice lady, good-natured woman.

**bonformida** *adj.* well-formed.

**bongo**¹ *n.* bongo (*drum*).

**bongo**² *n.* bongo (*antelope*: *Tragelaphus eurycerus*).

**boni** *vi.* improve, become good, get better. ● *vt.* improve, ameliorate, better, enhance, emend, revamp. ● *n.*improvement, enhancement.

**bonia** *n.* goodness.

**bonida** *adj.* improved.

**bonintendente** *adj.* well-intentioned, well-meaning.

**bonobo** *n.* bonobo, pygmy chimpanzee (*Pan paniscus*).

**bonodori** *vi.* smell good; aromatize. ● *vt.* aromatize, give a nice smell to. ● *n.* aromatization.

**bonodorinte** *adj.* aromatic, fragrant.

**bonodorosa** *adj.* aromatic, fragrant.

**bonom** *n.* nice guy, decent chap, good-natured fellow, average Joe.

**bonparla** *n.* eloquence.

**bonparlante** *adj.* well-spoken, eloquent, articulate.

**bonparlor** *n.* speaker, orator.

**bonpensante** *adj.* well-thinking, right-minded.

**bonpronunsia** *n.* elocution.

**bonreputada** *adj.* reputable, of good repute.

**bonsai** *n.* bonsai.

**bonsona** *n.* euphony, mellifluousness.

**bonstate** *n.* welfare, well-being, morale, weal.

**bonumorosa** *adj.* in a good mood, cheerful, jovial, light-hearted, gay (*dated*); sanguine.

**bonvendeda** *adj.* bestselling. ● *n.* bestseller (*book*, *author*).

**bonveni** *vt.*, *n.* & *interj.* welcome.

**bonvenida** *adj.* welcome.

**bonveninte** *adj.* welcoming, hospitable.

**bonvestida** *adj.* well-dressed, smart, dapper, debonair, rakish.

**bonvole** *n.* good will, goodwill, benevolence.

**bonvolente** *adj.* benevolent, magnanimous, beneficent.

**bonvolor** *n.* volunteer. **es un bonvolor** volunteer.

**boraja** *n.* borage (*plant*: *Borago*).

**borax** *n.* borax (*substance*).

**borbon** *n.* bourbon (*whisky*).

**borda** *vt.* border. ● *n.* edge, border, brink, verge, rim; outskirts, outlying regions; brim (*hat*, *cup*); threshold (*metaphor*). **borda de mar** seaside. **borda de troteria** kerb (US curb). **borda fronte** peak (*cap*). **sin borda** borderless, brimless, rimless.

**bordel** *n.* brothel, bordello, whorehouse.

**bordelor** *n.* brothelkeeper, madam.

**bordo** *adj.* maroon, puce. ● *n.* bordeaux, claret.

**borio** *n.* bohrium (*element*).

**borla** *n.* tassel.

**Borneo** *n.* Borneo.

**boro** *n.* boron (*element*).

**borxt** *n.* borscht, borshch.

**bosanova** *n.* bossa nova.

**bosce** *n.* copse, grove, small wood, orchard, woodland. **bosce de arboretas** shrubland, scrubland, brush. **bosce de frutas** orchard.

**bosceta** *n.* thicket, bushes; rough (*golf*).

**boscin** *adj.* wooded, sylvan.

**boscor** *n.* woodsman, woodman.

**Bosnia** *n.* Bosnia. **Bosnia e Hersegovina** Bosnia and Herzegovina.

**bosnian** *adj.* & *n.* Bosnian, Bosniak (*person*, *language*).

**boson** *n.* boson (*particle*).

**Bosporo, Streta** *n.* Bosphorus Strait, Bosporus Strait.

**bota** *n.* boot. **bota de cauxo** rubber boot, wellington, welly, gumboot. **bota militar** jackboot.

**botanica** *n.* botany.

**botanical** *adj.* botanical.

**botaniciste** *n.* botanist.

**bote** *n.* can, tin.

**boteca** *n.* shop, store, boutique, commercial unit. **boteca completa** one-stop shop. **boteca de cose** fabric store, haberdasher’s. **boteca de departes** department store. **boteca de te** teashop. **boteca de utiles**tool shop, hardware store, ironmonger’s. **boteca descontante** discount store. **boteca sin imposta** duty-free shop, duty-free store.

**botecor** *n.* shopkeeper.

**botela** *n.* bottle, flask. **botela de acua** water bottle, canteen.

**boteleta** *n.* phial, vial.

**boteli** *vt.* bottle.

**boteria** *n.* cannery.

**boti** *vt.* can, tin.

**botida** *adj.* canned, tinned.

**Botnia, Golfo** *n.* Gulf of Bothnia.

**boton** *n.* button, knob. **boton de presa** snap fastener, press stud, popper.

**botoni** *vt.* button.

**botonin** *adj.* buttonlike, knobby.

**botor** *n.* bittern (*bird*: *Botaurinae*).

**Botsuana** *n.* Botswana. See *tsuana*.

**botulisme** *n.* botulism.

**boval** *adj.* bovine.

**bove** *n.* ox, cow, bull, bovine (*Bos*). **Bove** *n.* Taurus (*constellation*). **bove fema** cow. **bove mas** bull. **boves**cattle, oxen.

**boveta** *n.* calf. **boveta fema** heifer.

**bovin** *adj.* cowlike, bovine.

**bovor** *n.* cowherd, cowboy, wrangler.

**boxe** *vt.* box. ● *n.* boxing, pugilism. **boxe de pedi** *v.* kickbox. ● *n.* kickboxing. **boxe de pesa media**middleweight boxing. **boxe pesosa** heavyweight boxing. **boxe plumin** featherweight boxing. **boxe profesal** professional boxing, prizefight. **boxe solitar** shadowboxing.

**boxor** *n.* boxer, pugilist. **boxor de pedi** kickboxer. **boxor profesal** professional boxer, prizefighter.

**braci-** *pref.* brachy- (*short*).

**braciopodo** *n.* brachiopod (*Brachiopoda*).

**braciosauro** *n.* brachiosaur, brachiosaurus (*Brachiosaurus*).

**bradi-** *pref.* brady- (*slow*).

**bradipo** *n.* sloth (*Megalonychidae*, *Bradypodidae*).

**Brahmaputra, Rio** *n.* Brahmaputra River.

**braille** [brai, brail] *n.* Braille.

**Brama** *n.* Brahma.

**braman** *n.* brahmin, brahman.

**brancia** *n.* gill.

**brandi** *vt.* brandish, flourish, wield, wave; swing (*club*). **brandi per colpa** swing at.

**brasa** *n.* ember. **brasas** embers; afterglow (*emotion*).

**brasador** *n.* brazier, hibachi.

**brasal** *adj.* bracchial.

**brasaleta** *n.* bracelet, bangle, wristband. **brasaleta de talo** anklet.

**braseta** *n.* bracket, parenthesis. **braseta angulo** angle bracket. **braseta curva** round bracket, parenthesis.**braseta reta** square bracket. **braseta risa** curly bracket, brace. **entre brasetas** *adj.* in brackets, parenthetical. ● *adv.* in brackets, parenthetically, by the way.

**braseti** *vt.* bracket.

**brasetida** *adj.* bracketed. ● *adv.* in brackets. ● *n.* parenthesis, parenthetical phrase.

**brasi** *vt.* apply one’s arm to. ● *n.* stroke (*swimming*).

**Brasil** *n.* Brazil.

**brasilera** *adj.* & *n.* Brazilian.

**braso** *n.* arm. **braso alta** upper arm. **braso basa** forearm.

**bratea** *n.* bract (*botany*).

**brava** *adj.* decent, worthy, gallant. ● *interj.* bravo.

**bravata** *n.* bravado, bluster, bombast, swagger.

**bravator** *n.* blowhard, braggart.

**bravatosa** *adj.* bombastic, swaggering, swashbuckling. ● *n.* swashbuckler.

**brecdansa** *vi.* breakdance. ● *n.* breakdance, breakdancing, B-boying.

**Bres** *n.* Brittany; Duchy of Brittany.

**bresonica** *adj.* & *n.* Breton (*person*, *language*).

**bretela** *n.* brace (*UK*), suspender (*US*); shoulder strap. **bretela de calsa** suspender (*UK*), garter (*US*). **sin bretelas** strapless.

**breteleta** *n.* spaghetti strap, noodle strap.

**Breton, Capo** *n.* Cape Breton.

**bretsel** *n.* pretzel; ampersand.

**breviario** *n.* breviary.

**bri** *n.* brie (*cheese*).

**bricabrac** *n.* junk, odds and ends, bric-a-brac.

**bricabraceria** *n.* junk shop, charity shop.

**brice** *n.* brick; ingot, bar. **brice de beton** concrete block, cement block. **brice de carbon** briquet, briquette.**brice de sene** cinder block, breeze block, besser block.

**brici** *vt.* brick, brick up.

**bricola** *vi.* do odd jobs, tinker. ● *n.* DIY, do-it-yourself, odd jobs.

**bricoleta** *vi.* potter (US putter) about.

**bricolor** *n.* tinker.

**bricor** *n.* bricklayer, brickie.

**brida** *n.* bridle (*straps*).

**bridi** *vt.* bridle.

**brigada** *n.* brigade. **brigada de pompores** fire department, fire brigade.

**brigador** *n.* brigadier.

**brigantin** *n.* brigantine, brig.

**brije** *n.* bridge (*card game*).

**brilia** *vi.* shine, gleam. ● *vt.* cause to shine, polish, burnish. ● *n.* brilliance, splendour (US splendor), lucidity, gleam. **brilia de mente** brainwave, brainstorm. **brilia de sol** sunshine. **cuantia de brilia** brightness; magnitude (*astronomy*).

**briliamobila** *n.* furniture polish.

**briliante** *adj.* shining, shiny, bright, brilliant, glossy, gleaming, lustrous, splendid, lucid, lurid, resplendent, vibrant. ● *n.* shiner; brightener; sequin.

**briliasapato** *n.* shoe polish.

**brilieta** *vi.* glow. ● *n.* sheen, glow, lustre (US luster).

**brilion** *n.* glare, dazzle.

**brinca** *vt.* hop, skip, gambol, caper, cavort, flit across. ● *n.* hop, skip, gambol, caper, flit.

**brincacorda** *n.* skipping.

**brincacuadro** *n.* hopscotch.

**brincadorso** *n.* leapfrog.

**brincor** *n.* hopper, skipper, leaper.

**brinda** *vt.* toast, raise one’s glass to. ● *n.* toast.

**briox** *n.* brioche (*bread*).

**briozon** *n.* bryozoon (pl. bryozoa) (*organism*: *Briozoa*).

**Britan** *n.* Britain, Britannia. **Britan Nova** New Britain (*island*).

**Britania** *n.* Britannia (*personification of Britain*).

**brites** *adj.* British (*person*, *language*). ● *n.* Briton, Brit.

**broca** *n.* drill bit.

**brocada** *n.* brocade (*fabric*).

**brocol** *n.* broccoli (*plant*, *vegetable*: *Brassica oleracea*).

**brode** *vt.* embroider. ● *n.* embroidery, needlework, needlepoint.

**broma** *vt.* joke, jest, tease. ● *n.* joke, gag, tease, pleasantry, zinger, wisecrack. **broma de parolas** pun, wordplay, play on words.

**bromelia** *n.* bromeliad (*plant*: *Bromeliaceae*).

**bromido** *n.* bromide (*chemistry*).

**bromo** *n.* bromine.

**bromor** *n.* joker, jester, jokester, comedian.

**bromosa** *adj.* jocular, facetious.

**bromosia** *n.* jocularity, facetiousness, levity.

**broncal** *adj.* bronchial.

**bronciol** *n.* bronchiole.

**broncite** *n.* bronchitis.

**bronco** *n.* bronchus, bronchi.

**broncodilatante** *n.* bronchodilator.

**broncoscopi** *n.* bronchoscopy.

**broncoscopio** *n.* bronchoscope.

**bronze** *n.* bronze; tan, suntan. **bronze dorada** gilded bronze, vermeil. **de bronze** (*made of*) bronze.

**bronzi** *vi.* & *vt.* tan.

**brosa** *n.* brush, paintbrush. **brosa de capeles** hairbrush. **brosa de dentes** toothbrush.

**brosi** *vt.* brush; groom (*animal*).

**brosin** *adj.* brushlike, bushy (*tail*).

**broti** *vi.* bud.

**broto** *n.* bud. **broto de rosa** rosebud.

**brox** *n.* brooch.

**brun** *adj.* brown; brunette; swarthy. ● *n.* brown; brunette. **brun oranin** tawny. **brun pal** light brown. **brun rojin** reddish brown, auburn, rugous. **pal brun** light brown, beige, fawn.

**Brune** *n.* Brunei. **brune** *adj.* & *n.* Bruneian.

**bruni** *vi.* turn brown. ● *vt.* sear, brown (*cookery*); bruise. ● *n.* bruise.

**brunin** *adj.* brownish.

**Brunswick Nova** *n.* New Brunswick (*Canadian province*).

**brusca** *adj.* brusque, curt, blunt, terse, short, peremptory.

**bruta** *adj.* rough (*marble*, *estimate*), untreated, uncut (*gem*), coarse (*sand*), unrefined (*sugar*), unfinished, crude, gross (*national product*, *income*, *profit*, *tax*, *tonnage*); uncouth, brutish, loutish, boorish, gruff, surly, crass. ●*n.* brute, boor, lout, ruffian, lowlife, vulgarian.

**Bruxelles** [bruxeles] *n.* Brussels.

**bubon** *n.* bubo (*swollen lymph node*).

**bubonal** *adj.* bubonic.

**buce** *n.* bouquet, bunch of flowers.

**buceta** *n.* posy, nosegay.

**buco** *n.* hole, gap, breach, lacuna. **ateni la buco con un colpa** score a hole in one (*golf*). **buco de baril**bunghole. **buco de boton** buttonhole. **buco de clave** keyhole. **buco de cloaca** manhole. **buco de culo**(*colloquial*) arsehole (US asshole) (*anus*, *insult*). **buco de palo** posthole. **buco de posta** letterbox, mail slot. **buco de refuja** foxhole. **buco de respira** blowhole. **buco de spia** spyhole, peephole. **buco de strada** pothole. **buco de verme** wormhole. **buco negra** black hole.

**bucosa** *adj.* full of holes, holey.

**Bucuresti** *n.* Bucharest.

**Buda** *n.* Buddha.

**budisme** *n.* Buddhism.

**budiste** *n.* Buddhist.

**budlea** *n.* buddleia (*plant*: *Buddleia*).

**bufalo** *n.* water buffalo, buffalo (*Bubalus*).

**bufe** *n.* buffet, potluck (*meal*).

**buferia** *n.* cafeteria, buffet restaurant.

**bufon** *n.* clown, buffoon, jester; joker, wildcard; catchall.

**bufonal** *adj.* clown. **bufonales** antics, buffoonery.

**bufonia** *n.* clowning, antics, buffoonery, horseplay.

**bugainvilea** *n.* bougainvillea (*Bougainvillea*).

**bugi** *n.* boogie, boogie-woogie (*dance*, *music*).

**buin** *adj.* owl-like.

**bujeta** *vt.* & *n.* budget.

**bujia** *n.* spark plug.

**bula** *n.* blister.

**bulbal** *adj.* bulbous (*growing from a bulb*).

**bulbin** *adj.* bulbous, bulblike.

**bulbo** *n.* bulb. **bulbo de lus** lightbulb. **bulbo flax** flashbulb.

**bulbul** *n.* bulbul (*bird*: *Pycnonotidae*).

**buldog** *n.* bulldog.

**buldozer** *n.* bulldozer.

**bulgur** *n.* bulgur (*food*).

**buli** *vi.* & *vt.* blister.

**buliabes** *n.* bouillabaisse.

**bulimia** *n.* bulimia.

**bulimica** *adj.* & *n.* bulimic.

**bulion** *n.* bouillon, broth, stock, consommé.

**bulon** *n.* bolt (*including nut*). **bulon xef** kingpin (*bolt*, *person*).

**buloni** *vt.* bolt.

**bulteta** *n.* small bump, small lump, weal.

**bulti** *vi.* & *vt.* bulge.

**bulto** *n.* bulge, bump, lump, protuberance, burl, slub, gob, nub, nubbin.

**bultosa** *adj.* bumpy, lumpy.

**buma** *vi.* boom (*increase explosively*). ● *n.* boom. **buma de bebes** baby boom. **buma economial** economic boom. **Buma Grande** Big Bang.

**bumerang** *n.* boomerang.

**buncer** *n.* bunker, dugout.

**buo** *n.* owl (*Strigidae*). **buo de neva** snowy owl (*Bubo scandiaca*). **buo real** Eurasian eagle owl (*Bubo bubo*).

**bur** *n.* butter. **bur de aracide** peanut butter.

**burca** *n.* burqa, burka, chadri (*garment*).

**Burcina Faso** *n.* Burkina Faso.

**burcinabe** *adj.* & *n.* Burkinabé.

**burcini** *n.* burkini, burqini (*swimsuit*).

**bure** *n.* bourrée, bourée, borreia, borry, bore (*dance*, *music*).

**Burgonia** *n.* Burgundy. **burgonia** *adj.* burgundy (*colour*). ● *n.* burgundy (*wine*).

**burgunda** *adj.* & *n.* Burgundian.

**buri** *vt.* butter.

**buril** *n.* burr, burin, dental tool, engraving tool.

**burin** *adj.* buttery.

**burino** *n.* thick-knee, stone-curlew, dikkops (*bird*: *Burhinidae*).

**burito** *n.* burrito.

**burjes** *adj.* bourgeois, middle-class.

**burjesi** *vi.* become middle-class, become gentrified. ● *vt.* gentrify. ● *n.* gentrification.

**burjesia** *n.* bourgeoisie, middle class.

**burla** *vt.* taunt, tease, mock, jeer, deride, laugh at, heckle, lampoon, scoff. ● *n.* taunt, tease, jeer, mockery, ridicule, derision.

**burlable** *adj.* laughable, risible, ridiculous, ludicrous.

**burlada** *n.* stooge.

**burlante** *adj.* taunting, mocking, derisive.

**burleta** *vt.* rib, josh, banter, tease (*good-naturedly*). ● *n.* banter, persiflage.

**burlor** *n.* teaser, mocker, heckler, scoffer.

**Burma** *n.* Burma, Myanmar. See *Miama*.

**burman** *adj.* & *n.* Burmese (*person*, *language*). See *miama*.

**buro** *n.* desk, bureau (*furniture*).

**burocrata** *adj.* bureaucratic. ● *n.* bureaucrat.

**burocratia** *n.* bureaucracy.

**burosa** *adj.* buttery.

**bursa** *n.* bursa (*anatomy*).

**bursite** *n.* bursitis (*medical*).

**burundes** *adj.* & *n.* Burundian.

**Burundi** *n.* Burundi.

**bus** *n.* bus, coach. **bus de dona sangue** bloodmobile.

**busino** *n.* whelk (*Buccinidae*).

**busola** *n.* compass (*for finding north*). **Busola** *n.* Pyxis (*constellation*).

**busor** *n.* bus driver, coach driver.

**bustier** *n.* bustier. **bustier tubo** tube top, boob tube.

**busto** *n.* bust (*sculpture*).

**bustrofedon** *adj.* & *n.* boustrophedon.

**but-** *pref.* but- (*chemistry*).

**Butan** *n.* Bhutan. **butan** *adj.* & *n.* Bhutanese, Bhutanse. See *Druciul*, *drucpa*.

**butano** *n.* butane.

**buteo** *n.* buzzard, buzzard-hawk, hawk (*Buteoninae*).

**butil** *n.* butyl (*chemistry*).

**butirica** *adj.* butyric. **asida butirica** butyric acid.

**bux** *n.* box tree, boxwood (*Buxus*).

**buxido** *n.* bushido (*samurai code*).

**buzuci** *n.* bouzouki (*musical instrument*).

**bzz** *interj.* buzz.

C

**c** [ce] *letra* c.

**ca** *prep.* & *subord.* than; e.g. *mea can es plu intelijente ca me*.

**caa** *interj.* caw, crow.

**cabal** *n.* cabal, caucus.

**cabala** *n.* kabbalah, kabbala (*Judaism*).

**cabana** *n.* cabin, hut, shed, cabana. **cabana bruta** shack, hovel. **cabana de arbor** tree house, tree fort.**cabana de lenio** woodshed. **cabana de troncos** log cabin. **cabana de utiles** tool shed.

**cabare** *n.* cabaret, floor show; nightclub, dinner theatre, boîte.

**cabe** *vi.* fit; e.g. *tua valis no cabe en mea auto*; *acel xapo cabe a tu*.

**cabestro** *n.* halter.

**cabina** *n.* cabin (*ship*, *aircraft*).

**cable** *n.* cable. **cable coasal** coaxial cable. **cable eletrical** power cable.

**cabuci** *n.* kabuki (*drama*).

**caca** *n.* (*colloquial*) poo, poop, crap, cack (*dung*, *anything worthless*). **caca de bove** bullshit.

**cacara** *vi.* & *n.* cackle.

**cacareta** *vi.* & *n.* chuckle, chortle.

**cacatu** [cacatú] *n.* cockatoo (*Cacatuida*).

**cacau** *n.* cocoa, cacao (*Theobroma cacao*).

**caci**¹ *adj.* khaki (*colour*). ● *n.* khaki (*fabric*).

**caci**² *n.* persimmon (*tree*, *fruit*: *Diospyros*).

**caci**³ *vt.* (*colloquial*) poo, poop, crap, cack.

**cacin** *adj.* (*colloquial*) crappy.

**cacto** *n.* cactus (*Cactaceae*).

**cada** *det.* each, every. ● *pron.* each, each one, every one. **a cada matina** every morning. **a cada ora** every hour. **a cada ves** every time, each time, on each occasion, always. **a un ves en cada anio du** once every two years. **a un ves en cada duple de anios** once every two years. **a un ves en cada pico de anios**once every few years. **cada cosa** each thing, everything (*individually*). **en cada loca** everywhere. **en cada parte** everywhere, throughout. **per cada** each, apiece.

**cade** *vi.* fall, fall down, tumble, tip over, topple, collapse; crash (*aircraft*). ● *vt.* fell, knock over, knock down; cut down (*tree*); drop; omit. ● *n.* fall, collapse, crash; wipeout (*surfing*). **cade a jenos** fall to one’s knees, kneel down. **cade a tera** *vi.* fall to earth; crash (*aircraft*). ● *vt.* knock to earth, unhorse. **cade comica** pratfall.**cade e pedi** dropkick, punt (*ball*). **fa ce lo cade** fell, knock over.

**cadena** *n.* chain (*including shops*, *hotels*); range (*mountains*); string (*characters*); pipeline (*software*); thread (*correspondence*); warp (*textiles*). **cadena de claves** keychain, key fob. **cadena de construi** assembly line. **cadena de orolojeta** watch chain, fob. **cadena de verbos** verb chain. **cadena leteral** string literal (*software*). **cadena nural** food chain. **cadena vacua** (*software*) empty string, null string.

**cadeni** *vt.* encadenar, enchain.

**cadjen** *adj.* & *n.* Cajun.

**cadmio** *n.* cadmio.

**caduca** *adj.* deciduous.

**cadun** *pron.* everyone, everybody.

**caduseo** *n.* caduceo (*herald’s wand*,  *símbolo médicol*).

**cafador** *n.* coffeemaker. **cafador de filtro** percolator.

**cafe** [café] *n.* coffee (*plant*, *seed*, *drink*: *Coffea*). **cafe con lete** coffee with milk, white coffee. **cafe con lete calda** coffee with hot milk, café au lait. **cafe pronto** instant coffee.

**caferia** *n.* café, coffee shop, coffeehouse, canteen.

**cafia** *n.* keffiyeh, kufiya (*headdress*).

**cafina** *n.* caffeine.

**cafini** *vt.* caffeinate. ● *n.* caffeination.

**caftan** *n.* kaftan (*garment*).

**caiac** *n.* kayak.

**caiman** *n.* caiman, cayman (*Caiman*). **Isolas Caiman** Cayman Islands.

**caje** *n.* cage. **caje de avia** birdcage. **caje de coneo** rabbit hutch.

**caji** *vt.* cage, encage.

**cala**¹ *n.* (*ship’s*) hold.

**cala**² *n.* calla lily, marsh calla, bog arum (*Calla palustris*).

**calalit** *adj.* Greenlandic (*person*, *language*). ● *n.* Greenlander. See *gronlandes*.

**Calalitnunat** *n.* Greenland. See *Gronland*.

**calamar** *n.* squid (*Teuthida*).

**calamo** *n.* calamus, gladdon, sweet flag, sweet myrtle (*plant*: *Acorus calamus*).

**calau** *n.* hornbill (*bird*: *Bucerotidae*).

**calaza** *n.* chalaza (*biology*).

**calcaneo** *n.* calcaneus, heel bone.

**calcario** *n.* limestone.

**calce** *n.* lime (*substance*).

**calci** *vi.* & *vt.* calcify. ● *n.* calcification.

**calcolitica** *adj.* & *n.* Chalcolithic, copper age.

**calcula** *vt.* calculate, reckon, work out. ● *n.* calculation, reckoning.

**calculable** *adj.* calculable.

**calculador** *n.* calculator.

**calculo**¹ *n.* pebble; counter (*game piece*); stone (*medical*). **calculo bilal** gallstone. **calculos** pebbles, gravel, shingle. **calculos nonfisada** loose pebbles, scree.

**calculo**² *n.* calculus. **calculo diferensial** differential calculus. **calculo integral** integral calculus. **calculo vetoral** vector calculus.

**calda** *adj.* hot. **alga calda** warm. **calda e seca** hot and dry, torrid. **comfortosa calda** comfortably hot, toasty.

**caldador** *n.* heater.

**caldera** *n.* kettle, boiler. **caldera de te** tea kettle.

**calderon** *n.* cauldron.

**caldi** *vi.* & *vt.* heat, warm. ● *n.* heating, warming. **caldi global** global warming.

**caldia** *n.* heat, warmth.

**caldiplato** *n.* plate warmer.

**Caledonia Nova** *n.* New Caledonia.

**caledonian** *adj.* & *n.* Caledonian.

**calendario** *n.* calendar; timescale.

**calendula** *n.* marigold (*Calendula*).

**calia** *vi.* curdle.

**caliada** *adj.* curdled. ● *n.* curd, junket.

**caliante** *adj.* curdling. ● *n.* curdling agent.

**calibre** *n.* calibre (US caliber), bore.

**calibro** *n.* calliper (US caliper).

**calico** *n.* calico, chintz, dungaree (*fabric*).

**calidoscopial** *adj.* kaleidoscopic.

**calidoscopio** *n.* kaleidoscope.

**calidris** *n.* stint, sandpiper (*Scolopacidae*).

**califa** *n.* caliph.

**califia** *n.* caliphate.

**California** *n.* California (*US state*). **California Basa** Baja California. **Golfo California** Gulf of California, Sea of Cortez.

**californio** *n.* californium (*element*).

**caligrafia** *n.* calligraphy, artistic writing.

**calimba** *n.* kalimba, mbira, sansa, thumb piano (*musical instrument*).

**calio** *n.* rennet (*substance*).

**calipso** *adj.* & *n.* calypso.

**calix** *n.* chalice, calyx. **Calix Santa** Holy Grail.

**calma** *adj.* calm, still, tranquil, sedate, quiescent, serene, level-headed, unruffled, uneventful.

**calmi** *vi.* calm, calm down, settle, subside, abate. ● *vt.* calm, calm down, becalm, settle, soothe, lull, reassure; sedate, tranquillize (US tranquilize). ● *n.* calming, reassurance, sedation.

**calmia** *n.* calm, calmness, stillness, quiescence, composure, serenity.

**calminte** *adj.* calming; sedative, sedating, soporific, emollient, tranquillizing (US tranquilizing). **medisin calminte** sedative, soporific, tranquillizer (US tranquilizer).

**calmitose** *n.* cough syrup.

**calo** *n.* callus, corn.

**caloria** *n.* calorie. **caloria grande** large calorie. **caloria peti** small calorie.

**calorial** *adj.* caloric.

**caloriosa** *adj.* calorie-laden.

**calosa** *adj.* callous, insensitive, cruel, hardened.

**calosia** *n.* callousness, insensitivity, cruelty, hardness.

**calsa** *n.* stocking. **calsas** hosiery, hose.

**calsedonia** *n.* chalcedony (*mineral*).

**calseta** *n.* sock.

**calsio** *n.* calcium.

**calson** *n.* tights, pantyhose.

**caluna** *n.* heather (*Calluna*).

**calva** *adj.* bald, hairless.

**Calvario** *n.* Calvary, Gagulta, Golgotha (*hill*).

**calvi** *vi.* bald, go bald. ● *vt.* make bald.

**calvia** *n.* baldness, alopecia.

**calvinisme** *n.* calvinismo (*cristiandad*).

**calviniste** *adj.* & *n.* calvinista.

**calvinte** *adj.* balding.

**camaleon** *n.* chameleon (*Chamaeleonidae*). **Camaleon** *n.* Chamaeleon (*constellation*).

**camamber** *n.* camembert (*cheese*).

**cambia** *vi.* change, transform. ● *vt.* change, transform, amend, convert; replace; cash (*a cheque*), cash in. ● *n.*change, transformation, transition, amendment. **cambia calda** hot-swap. **cambia de bus** connection, change of bus. **cambia de clima** climate change. **cambia de engrana** gear change. **cambia de tren**connection, change of train. **cambia esta a acel** change this to that, replace this with that. **cambia la grandia de** resize.

**cambiable** *adj.* changeable. **calda cambiable** hot-swappable. **fasil cambiable** easily changed, amenable to change, labile.

**cambion** *n.* upheaval, sea change.

**cambra** *n.* chamber. **cambra de bola** bubble chamber. **cambra de combusta** combustion chamber.**cambra de fusil** chamber (*gun*). **cambra de gas** gas chamber. **cambra de resona** echo chamber.**cambra de venta** wind tunnel.

**cambrian** *adj.* & *n.* Cambrian (*geology*).

**camel** *n.* camel (*Camelus*).

**camelia** *n.* camellia (*plant*: *Camellia*).

**camelor** *n.* camel driver, camel rider, cameleer.

**cameo** *n.* cameo (*jewellery*, *literature*, *minor acting role*).

**camera** *n.* camera. **camera compata** compact camera. **camera de trafica** traffic enforcement camera, speed camera. **camera pronto** instant camera. **camera ueb** webcam. **camera vijilante** CCTV camera.

**camerada** *n.* comrade, companion, compatriot, crony, sidekick. **camerada de aparte** flatmate. **camerada de barco** shipmate. **camerada de clase** classmate. **camerada de leto** bedfellow. **camerada de sala**roommate. **camerada de scola** schoolmate. **camerada de selula** cellmate; cubemate.

**cameradia** *n.* comradeship, camaraderie.

**cameror** *n.* camera operator, cameraman, camerawoman.

**Camerun** *n.* Cameroon.

**camerunes** *adj.* & *n.* Cameroonian.

**camfor** *n.* camphor.

**camion** *n.* truck, lorry; truckload. **camion de pompores** fire engine, fire truck. **camion jigante** juggernaut.**camion sesionida** articulated truck, articulated lorry, tractor trailer, semitrailer truck, semi.

**camioneta** *n.* small truck, pickup.

**camioni** *vt.* truck (*send by truck*).

**camionor** *n.* trucker, truck driver, lorry driver, teamster.

**camisa** *n.* shirt. **camisa de juta** hairshirt, cilice. **camisa de note** nightshirt. **camisa de polo** polo shirt.**camisa de sera** dress shirt. **camisa T** tee, T-shirt.

**camiseta** *n.* top, collarless shirt, tee, T-shirt; undershirt. **camiseta corta** crop top, belly shirt, half-shirt.**camiseta de nuca** halterneck, haltertop. **camiseta de sporte** athletic shirt, A-shirt, sleeveless T-shirt, muscle shirt, singlet, vest (*UK*), tanktop (*US*), wifebeater. **camiseta gainin** tube top, boob tube.

**camison** *n.* smock, smock-frock, tunic. **camison blanca** alb, surplice. **camison de malie** hauberk, coat of mail. **camison de restrinje** straitjacket.

**camofla** *vt.* & *n.* camouflage.

**camomila** *n.* camomile (US chamomile) (*Chamaemelum*).

**campa** *vi.* camp, encamp, bivouac. ● *n.* camping; camp, bivouac, temporary shelter. **campa avansada**advanced camp, outpost. **campa de base** base camp. **campa de consentra** concentration camp. **campa de labora** labour (US labor) camp. **campa de mata** death camp. **campa de prisoni** prison camp.**campa isolida** isolated camp, outpost.

**campana** *n.* bell, chime. **campana de bove** cowbell.

**campaneria** *n.* bell tower, campanile.

**campaneta** *n.* handbell; doorbell. **campaneta blu** bluebell (*various plants*).

**campania**¹ *n.* countryside, rural area, boondocks.

**campania**² *vi.* campaign, canvass. ● *n.* campaign.

**campanial** *adj.* rural, rustic, country, bucolic.

**campanian** *n.* rural person, country dweller, peasant, hayseed, bumpkin, yokel, hick, rube. **campanianes**peasantry.

**campanin** *adj.* bell-like, bell-shaped.

**campaniol** *n.* vole (*Arvicolini*, *Ellobiusini*, *Lagurini*, *Myodini*, *Pliomyini*).

**campanior** *n.* campaigner.

**campanula** *n.* bellflower, harebell, Scottish bluebell (*plant*: *Campanula*).

**Campeche** [campetxe] *n.* Campeche (*Mexican state*). **Baia Campeche** Bay of Campeche, Campeche Sound.

**campefaje** *n.* cuckoo shrike (*Campephagidae*).

**camperia** *n.* campsite.

**campidanes** *adj.* & *n.* Campidanese (*language*).

**campion** *n.* champion (*including of a cause*), champ, winner, prize-winner; paladin (*knight*).

**campioni** *vi.* become the champion. ● *vt.* crown as champion.

**campionida** *adj.* prize-winning, award-winning.

**campo** *n.* field (*grass*, *knowledge*, *activity*); discipline; pitch, course (*sport*). **campo bancal** banking sector.**campo comun** common (*land*). **campo de avion** airfield, aerodrome, airstrip. **campo de batalia**battlefield, battleground. **campo de bombetas** minefield (*physical or metaphorical*). **campo de criceta**cricket pitch. **campo de futbal** football pitch, soccer pitch. **campo de gera** battlefield. **campo de golf**golf course. **campo de jua** playing field. **campo de ris** paddy, rice field. **campo de scola** playground, schoolyard. **campo de sporte** sports field. **campo de tenis** tennis court. **campo de vide** field of vision.**campo privata** private sector. **campo reposante** fallow field. **en la campo de oia** within earshot. **en la campo de vide** in the field of vision, within eyeshot.

**Camputxa** *n.* Cambodia. **camputxa** *adj.* & *n.* Cambodian.

**camusa** *n.* chamois (*animal*: *Rupicapra rupicapra*); shammy, chamy (*leather*).

**camusin** *adj.* chamois-like. ● *n.* moleskin.

**can** *n.* dog, pooch, mutt (*Canis familiaris*). **can coleriosa** cur. **can de pastor** sheepdog. **can de pastor deutx** German shepherd dog, Alsatian. **can de pastor scotes** collie. **can-de-prado** *n.* prairie dog (*rodent*: *Cynomys*). **Can Grande** Canis Major (*constellation*). **can misera** cur. **Can Peti** Canis Minor (*constellation*). **can regalada** lapdog (*dog*, *person*). **Canes de Xasa** Canes Venatici (*constellation*).

**cana** *n.* reed, cane (*Phragmites*, *Arundo*and many other genera); rod (*fishing*). **cana de zucar** sugarcane (*Saccharum*).

**canaba** *n.* hemp, cannabis, marihuana, marijuana (*plant*, *material*, *drug*: *Cannabis sativa*).

**canabinoide** *n.* cannabinoid (*drug*).

**canabor** *n.* cannabis user, pothead, stoner.

**canada**¹ *adj.* & *n.* Kannada (*person*, *language*).

**Canada**² *n.* Canada.

**canadian** *adj.* & *n.* Canadian.

**canal** *n.* canal, channel, ditch, duct, flume. **canal suteran** underground channel, culvert.

**canaleta** *n.* gutter (*street*, *roof*); sluiceway.

**Canan** *n.* Canaan (*biblical region*).

**cananes** *adj.* & *n.* Canaanite (*person*, *language*).

**canape** *n.* canapé.

**canario** *n.* canary (*Serinus*). **Isolas Canario** Canary Islands.

**canasta** *n.* canasta (*card game*).

**cancan** *n.* cancan (*dance*).

**candela** *n.* candle; candela, candlepower.

**candelabro** *n.* candelabra, chandelier.

**canela** *n.* cinnamon (*plant*, *spice*: *Cinnamomum*).

**caneria** *n.* kennel, doghouse.

**caneta** *n.* puppy, pup, doggie, whelp.

**cangareta** *n.* joey.

**cangari** *vi.* behave like a kangaroo. **cangari a enfantes** look after children, babysit.

**cangaru** [cangarú] *n.* kangaroo (*Macropus*).

**canibal** *n.* cannibal, anthropophage.

**canibalisme** *n.* cannibalism.

**canido** *n.* canid, canine (*Canidae*).

**canin** *adj.* canine, doglike.

**canion** *n.* canyon, gorge, ravine, chasm; gap (*to be bridged metaphorically*).

**canix** *n.* poodle.

**canji** *n.* kanji (*writing system*).

**cano** *n.* barrel (*gun*). **cano lisa** smooth bore. **cano raiosa** rifled bore.

**canoa** *n.* canoe. **canoa escavada** dugout. **vade par canoa** canoe.

**canoisme** [canoïsme] *n.* canoeing.

**canoiste** [canoïste] *n.* canoeist.

**canolo** *n.* cannolo (*dessert*). **canolos** cannoli.

**canon**¹ *n.* canon (*literature*, *music*).

**canon**² *n.* cannon (*gun*).

**canonal** *adj.* canonical.

**canonera** *n.* gunboat.

**canonor** *n.* cannoneer, cannonier, artilleryman.

**cansela** *vt.* cancel, revoke, abrogate, annul, repeal, belay, nix; erase, rub out, delete, expunge. ● *n.* cancellation, abrogation, erasure, annulment, revocation, write-off. **cansela sua enscrive** unsubscribe.

**canselable** *adj.* cancellable (US cancelable), revocable, erasable.

**canselador** *n.* canceller (US canceler) (*device*).

**canselor** *n.* chancellor.

**canseloreria** *n.* chancellery, chancery.

**canser** *n.* cancer.

**canserosa** *adj.* cancerous, malignant.

**canserosia** *n.* malignancy.

**canta** *vt.* sing, croon. ● *n.* song. **canta de avias** birdsong. **canta de cuna** lullaby. **canta de folclor** folk song.**canta de gondolor** barcarole. **canta de loda** song of praise, paean. **canta de marinores** shanty, chanty. **canta de natal** carol. **canta gregorian** Gregorian chant, plainchant, plainsong. **canta grupal**group singing, songfest. **canta lenta** *v.* & *n.* chant. **canta melodiosa** *v.* & *n.* warble. **canta sincrona**mime, lip-sync.

**cantada** *n.* cantata, song (*score and lyrics*).

**cantalupo** *n.* cantaloupe.

**canteta** *n.* ditty.

**cantilever** *n.* cantilever.

**cantileveri** *vt.* cantilever.

**cantin** *adj.* singsong.

**canto** *n.* street corner (*general area*).

**canton** *n.* canton.

**cantor** *n.* singer, vocalist, cantor; songbird, warbler (*Oscines*, *Parulinae*, *Sylviidae*). **cantor-composor** *n.*singer-songwriter. **cantor fondal** backing singer. **cantor sincrona** playback singer, lipsyncher.

**caodai** *adj.* Cao Dai; Caodaist. ● *n.* Cao Dai; Caodaism (*religion*). ● *n.* Caodaist.

**caos** *n.* chaos, tumult, haphazard, mayhem, snafu. **Caos** *n.* Chaos (*mythology*).

**caososa** *adj.* chaotic, irregular.

**capa**¹ *n.* cape, cloak, serape.

**capa**² *n.* kappa (*Greek letter*).

**capara** *n.* caper (*plant*, *bud*: *Capparis spinosa*).

**capas** *adj.* able, capable, skilled, skilful (US skillful), proficient, accomplished, adept, adroit, competent, professional, amenable, efficient. **capas de era** capable of error, fallible. **capas de susede** capable of success, viable. **tro capas** overqualified, overskilled.

**capasi** *vi.* grow capable. ● *vt.* enable.

**capasia** *n.* ability, capability, capacity, power, faculty (*power*); talent, skill, knack, gift; proficiency, competence, prowess, artistry; efficiency, performance. **ave la capasia** be qualified. **capasia eletrical** capacitance.

**capel** *n.* hair (*of the scalp*, *one strand*). **capeles** hairs, hair (*collectively*). **capeles brosin** flat-top. **Capeles de Berenise** Coma Berenices (*constellation*). **capeles de pajo** pageboy bob. **capeles erisin** spiked hair.**capeles irocuoi** mohican (US mohawk). **capeles militar** military haircut, buzzcut, crewcut. **capeles rastafari** dreadlocks. **capeles reta** straight hair. **capeles risa** curly hair. **con capeles roja** red-haired, red-headed, ginger. **par un capel** by a hair’s breadth, barely.

**capeleria** *n.* barbershop, hair salon.

**capeleta** *n.* facial hair, body hair (*one strand*). See *pelo*.

**capeli** *vt.* add hair to.

**capelin** *adj.* hairlike.

**capelon** *n.* bristle, awn, arista. **capelones** stubble.

**capelonosa** *adj.* stubbly.

**capelor** *n.* hairdresser, hairstylist, barber.

**capelosa** *adj.* hairy (*head*).

**capeta** *n.* hood (*garment*); hood, bonnet (*vehicle*). **capeta de motor** hood, bonnet (*vehicle*). **capeta laxe**cowl.

**capetor** *n.* hoodie (*person*).

**capi** *vt.* cape, cloak.

**capibara** *n.* capybara (*animal*: *Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris*).

**capilar** *adj.* & *n.* capillary.

**capital** *adj.* & *n.* capital (*city*, *economics*, *architecture*). **capital riscosa** venture capital.

**capitali** *vt.* capitalize.

**capitalisme** *n.* capitalism.

**capitaliste** *n.* capitalist.

**capitan** *n.* captain, leader.

**capitol** *n.* chapter.

**capitolio** *n.* capitol (*building*).

**capo** *n.* headland, cape, promontory. **Capo Verde** Cape Verde.

**caporal** *n.* corporal (*officer*).

**capoverdean** *adj.* & *n.* Cape Verdean.

**capra** *n.* goat (*Capra*). **Capra** *n.* Capricornus, Capricorn (*constellation*).

**capreta** *n.* kid (*young goat*).

**capri** *vi.* rear up; do a wheelie, pull a wheelie. ● *n.* wheelie.

**caprifolia** *n.* honeysuckle (*Lonicera*, *Diervilla*).

**caprimuljo** *n.* goatsucker, nightjar, nighthawk (*Caprimulgidae*).

**caprin** *adj.* goatlike; capricious.

**capriol** *n.* roe deer (*Capreolus*). **capriol mas** roebuck.

**capris** *n.* caprice, whim, whimsy.

**caprisal** *adj.* arbitrary.

**caprisia** *n.* capriciousness, whimsy.

**caprisosa** *adj.* capricious, whimsical.

**capsula** *n.* capsule. **capsula de percute** percussion cap. **capsula de tempo** time capsule. **capsula spinosa**bur, burr.

**capsuli** *vt.* encapsulate. ● *n.* encapsulation.

**caputxin** *n.* capuchin (*monkey*: *Cebus*).

**caputxino** *n.* cappuccino (*coffee*).

**car** *subord.* because, cos, as, since, for; e.g. *me surie car me es felis*. See *afin*.

**cara** *adj.* dear, beloved, cherished, darling, cute; expensive, costly, pricey. ● *n.* dear, beloved, darling.

**Cara, Mar** *n.* Kara Sea.

**caracal** *n.* caracal (*wild cat*: *Caracal caracal*).

**caracara** *n.* caracara (*bird*: *Polyborinae*).

**caracol** *n.* snail, escargot (*Gastropoda*); at sign.

**caracul** *n.* karakul sheep; astrakhan (*fabric*).

**caradrio** *n.* plover, dotterel, killdeer (*bird*: *Charadrius*).

**carafa** *n.* jug, pitcher, carafe, decanter, flagon.

**carafin** *adj.* juglike, jug-shaped; akimbo.

**carafon** *n.* large container with spout. **carafon de acua** watering can, jerrycan. **carafon de gasolina** gasoline can, gas can, jerrycan.

**carambola** *n.* starfruit, carambola (*Averrhoa carambola*).

**caramel** *n.* caramel. **caramel de bur** butterscotch. **caramel dur** toffee. **caramel mol** fudge. **caramel tirada** taffy.

**carameli** *vi.* & *vt.* caramelize.

**caraoce** *n.* karaoke.

**carate** *n.* karate.

**carater** *n.* character (*including in fiction*), personality.

**carato** *n.* carat, karat.

**carator** *n.* karateka, karate expert.

**caravan** *n.* caravan (*towed vehicle*, *travellers*); trailer, camper.

**caravela** *n.* caravel (*ship*).

**carbido** *n.* carbide (*chemistry*).

**carboidrato** [carboïdrato] *n.* carbohydrate.

**carbon** *n.* coal. **carbon bitumosa** bituminous coal. **carbon de lenio** charcoal.

**carbonato** *n.* carbonate. **carbonato de calsio** calcium carbonate. **carbonato de sodio** sodium carbonate, washing soda, soda ash.

**carboni** *vi.* & *vt.* carbonize, char.

**carboniferosa** *adj.* & *n.* Carboniferous (*geology*).

**carbonil** *n.* carbonyl (*chemistry*).

**carbono** *n.* carbon.

**carbosil** *n.* carboxyl (*chemistry*).

**carbura** *vt.* carburate. ● *n.* carburation.

**carburador** *n.* carburettor (US carburetor).

**carburante** *adj.* carburating. ● *n.* fuel (*for engine*).

**cardamom** *n.* cardamom (*plant*, *spice*: *Amomum*, *Elettaria*).

**cardan** *n.* gimbal, universal joint.

**cardeta** *n.* goldfinch (*bird*: *Carduelis*).

**-cardia** *n.suff.* -cardia (*heart*).

**cardial** *adj.* cardiac.

**cardigan** *n.* cardigan.

**cardinal** *n.* cardinal (*church*, *bird*: *Cardinalis*).

**cardio**¹ *n.* cockle (*Cardiidae*).

**cardio-**² *pref.* cardio- (*heart*).

**cardiograf** *n.* cardiograph.

**cardiografia** *n.* cardiography.

**cardiogram** *n.* cardiogram.

**cardiolojia** *n.* cardiology.

**cardiolojial** *adj.* cardiological.

**cardiolojiste** *n.* cardiologist.

**cardiomiopatia** *n.* cardiomyopathy.

**cardiomiopatica** *adj.* cardiomyopathic.

**cardionosiva** *adj.* cardiotoxic.

**cardiopatia** *n.* cardiopathy.

**cardiopatica** *adj.* cardiopathic.

**cardiopulmonal** *adj.* cardiopulmonary.

**cardiotonica** *adj.* cardiotonic.

**cardiovascular** *adj.* cardiovascular.

**cardo** *n.* thistle (*Cynareae*).

**caren** *adj.* & *n.* Karen (*person*, *language*).

**carera** *n.* career, calling, occupation, job, profession, vocation, métier.

**careral** *adj.* career-related.

**careria** *n.* carriage house.

**careror** *n.* career man, career woman.

**caresa** *vt.* caress, stroke, fondle, pet.

**careta** *n.* cart, handcart, pushcart, trolley, barrow. **careta de bebe** stroller, buggy, pushchair. **careta de compra** shopping cart, shopping trolley. **careta de jardin** wheelbarrow, barrow.

**carga** *vt.* load, stow, ship; upload; charge (*electrically*); burden, afflict, subject, encumber, foist. ● *n.* load, burden, cargo, freight, shipment; upload; charge (*electric*). **carga de labora** workload. **carga profitosa** payload.**cargas** cargo items.

**cargada** *adj.* loaded, charged. **plen cargada** fully loaded, fully charged.

**cargador** *n.* charger; magazine (*gun*).

**cargosa** *adj.* burdensome.

**cari**¹ *n.* curry.

**cari**² *vi.* become endeared. ● *vt.* endear.

**cariatide** *n.* caryatid.

**caribe** *adj.* Carib; Caribbean. ● *n.* Carib (*language*, *people*). **Caribe** *n.* Caribbean. **Isolas Caribe** Caribbean Islands. **Mar Caribe** Caribbean Sea.

**carilion** *n.* carillon (*music*).

**carioca** *n.* carioca (*dance*).

**cariofilo** *n.* carnation (*Dianthus caryophyllus*).

**carisma** *n.* charisma, mystique.

**carismal** *adj.* charismatic (*religion*).

**carismosa** *adj.* charismatic (*showing charisma*).

**carita** *n.* alms, almsgiving, charity, handout.

**carital** *adj.* charitable, charity.

**carlino** *n.* pug (*dog*).

**carma** *n.* karma.

**carmesi** *adj.* & *n.* crimson.

**carnaval** *n.* carnaval, festival, fiesta.

**carnavalor** *n.* carnival worker, carny.

**carne** *n.* carne. **carne axida a picos** minced meat. **carne de avia** fowl, poultry (*meat*). **carne de bove**beef. **carne de boveta** veal. **carne de gal** chicken (*meat*). **carne de ovea** mutton. **carne de oveta** lamb (*meat*). **carne de peto** breast, brisket. **carne de porco** carne de cerdo. **carne de servo** venison. **carne fumida** smoked meat, cured meat. **carne moleda** ground meat. **carne per canones** cannon fodder (*soldiers*). **carne salosa** salted meat, cured meat. **carne secida** dried meat, cured meat, jerky. **carne xasada** game (*meat*).

**carneria** *n.* butcher’s shop.

**carni** *vt.* flesh out, put flesh on.

**carnivor** *adj.* carnivorous. ● *n.* carnivore.

**carnor** *n.* butcher. **carnor de avia** poulterer.

**carnosa** *adj.* fleshy, meaty, beefy.

**caro** *n.* coach, carriage, buggy, wagon, trolley, cart; carriage (*typewriter*). **caro de bebe** baby carriage, pram.**caro de bove** oxcart. **caro de canon** gun carriage. **caro de carnaval** carnival float. **caro de feno**haycart, haywagon, haywain. **caro de gera** chariot. **caro de golf** golf cart, golf buggy. **caro de parade**parade float. **caro lejera** cabriolet, cab (*two-wheeled carriage*). **caro per du** surrey.

**caroba** *n.* carob (*bean*, *powder*).

**carobo** *n.* carob (*plant*: *Ceratonia siliqua*).

**Carolina** *n.* Carolina. **Carolina Norde** North Carolina (*US state*). **Carolina Sude** South Carolina (*US state*).

**caron**¹ *n.* caron, haček, wedge (*diacritic*).

**caron**² *n.* carriage, coach (*for royalty*, *weddings*, *etc.*).

**caronia** *n.* carrion.

**caror** *n.* coachman, carriage driver; charioteer. **Caror** *n.* Auriga (*constellation*).

**carota** *n.* carrot (*plant*, *root*: *Daucus carota*).

**carotide** *adj.* carotid.

**carpa** *n.* carp (*Cyprininae*).

**carpal** *adj.* carpal (*anatomy*).

**carpel** *n.* carpel (*botany*).

**carpenta** *vt.* carpenter. ● *n.* carpentry, woodwork, woodworking, joinery.

**Carpentaria, Golfo** *n.* Gulf of Carpentaria.

**carpentor** *n.* carpenter, woodworker, joiner (*furniture*, *doors*). **carpentor de teto** joiner (*roofs*).

**carpino** *n.* hornbeam (*tree*).

**carpo** *n.* carpus (*anatomy*).

**carsinojen** *adj.* carcinogenic. ● *n.* carcinogen.

**carsinojenese** *n.* carcinogenesis.

**carsinoma** *n.* carcinoma.

**carta** *n.* card. **a la carta** à la carte (*menu*). **carta blanca** carte blanche. **carta de banca** bank card. **carta de credito** credit card. **carta de identia** identity card, ID card. **carta de jua** playing card. **carta de memoria** memory card. **carta de oras** timetable; timecard, timesheet. **carta de puntos** scorecard, scoreboard. **carta de telefon** phone card. **carta de Valentin** valentine. **carta madral** motherboard (*computer*). **carta otometrial** eye chart. **carta postal** postcard.

**Cartago** *n.* Carthage.

**cartamo** *n.* safflower (*Carthamus tinctorius*).

**cartel** *n.* cartel.

**cartesian** *adj.* Cartesian.

**cartesianisme** *n.* Cartesianism.

**cartilaje** *n.* cartilage, gristle.

**cartilajosa** *adj.* cartilaginous, gristly.

**cartin** *adj.* cardlike.

**cartografia** *n.* cartography, mapmaking.

**cartografial** *adj.* cartographic, cartographical.

**cartografiste** *n.* cartographer, mapmaker.

**carton** *n.* cardboard, posterboard; placard. **carton ondin** corrugated cardboard.

**cartuli** *adj.* & *n.* Georgian (*person*, *language*). See *Sacartvelo*.

**cartun** *n.* caricature, cartoon (*still*). **banda de cartunes** comic strip, cartoon strip. **cartunes** comics.

**cartuniste** *n.* cartoonist; comics artist.

**cartusia** *n.* charterhouse, Carthusian monastery.

**cartusian** *adj.* & *n.* Carthusian (*monk*).

**cartux** *n.* shell (*ammunition*); cartridge, casing; cartouche.

**caruncula** *n.* caruncle, wattle, dewlap; jowl.

**carusel** *n.* merry-go-round, roundabout, carousel (*entertainment*, *conveyor belt*).

**carvi** *n.* caraway (*plant*: *Carum carvi*).

**casa** *n.* house, home, household, menage. **a casa** at home; homeward, homewards, home. **a casa de** in the house of, at the home of. **casa campanian** country house, villa. **casa de avia** nest box, birdhouse. **casa de can** kennel, doghouse. **casa de club** clubhouse. **casa de cultiveria** farmhouse. **casa de eglesor**parsonage. **casa de estate** summerhouse. **casa de gales** henhouse. **casa de garda** guardhouse, gatehouse. **casa de jua** playhouse, Wendy house. **casa de publici** publishing house, press. **casa de site**townhouse. **casa flotante** houseboat. **casa longa** longhouse. **casa misera** hovel, slum. **casa movable**mobile home. **casa sur palos** pile dwelling, house on stilts. **en casa** indoor; indoors. **estra casa** outdoor; outdoors, out of doors. **sin casa** homeless.

**casca** *n.* skin, hull, peel (*fruit*), rind (*fruit*, *cheese*), pod (*seed*), shell (*egg*, *animal*), integument. **casca de noza**nutshell. **casca de onion** onion skin. **casca de ovo** eggshell. **sorti de casca** hatch.

**cascade** *vi.* cascade. ● *n.* cascade, waterfall, cataract. **cascade jelada** frozen waterfall, icefall. **cascades**cascades, waterfalls, falls.

**cascin** *adj.* podlike, pod-shaped.

**casco** *n.* casco (barco o avión).

**casena** *n.* caseína (*proteína*).

**caserna** *n.* barracks.

**caseta** *n.* cottage.

**casi** *vt.* house, accommodate. **casi bon** accommodate well, fit well around. **casi tempora** lodge, billet, quarter, canton.

**casia** *n.* cassia (*plant*: *Cassia*).

**casino** *n.* casino.

**Casiopea** *n.* Cassiopeia (*mythology*, *constellation*).

**caso** *n.* case, instance, situation, circumstance, scenario; legal case, cause. **caso de ama** love affair. **caso la plu bon** best-case scenario. **caso la plu mal** worst-case scenario. **en acel caso** in that case. **en caso ce** in case, if it should happen that. **en caso de** in case of. **lo es un caso de** it’s a case of, it’s a matter of, it’s a question of, it’s to do with. **per caso** in case, just in case. **per caso ce** in case (*to guard against the possibility that*). **per caso de** in case of.

**casola** *n.* pot, pan. **casola de presa** pressure cooker. **casola per bulion** stock pot. **casola per sopa** soup pot.

**casoleta** *n.* saucepan, sauce pot.

**casolon** *n.* casserole. **casolon de fero** Dutch oven. **casolon per caldi** chafing dish. **casolon per rosta**roasting pan.

**cason** *n.* mansion. **cason de campania** country house, chateau.

**caspa** *n.* dandruff, dander.

**caspian** *adj.* Caspian.

**Caspio, Mar** *n.* Caspian Sea.

**casta** *n.* caste (*social class*).

**castania** *n.* chestnut (*tree*, *nut*: *Castanea*). **castania de acua** water chestnut (*Eleocharis dulcis*, *Trapa natans*).

**castanieta** *n.* castanets.

**castel** *n.* castle. **castel de salta** bouncy castle.

**Castelia** *n.* Castile (*Spanish region*).

**castelian** *adj.* & *n.* Castellano, Castilian (*person*, *language*).

**castor** *n.* beaver (*Castor*).

**castra** *vt.* castrate. ● *n.* castration.

**castrada** *adj.* castrated. ● *n.* castrato.

**casual** *adj.* casual, informal, nonchalant, offhand, easygoing, folksy.

**casualia** *n.* casualness, nonchalance.

**casuari** *n.* cassowary (*bird*: *Casuarius*).

**casula** *n.* chasuble (*garment*).

**cat** *n.* qat, khat (*plant*, *leaves*: *Catha edulis*).

**cata-** *pref.* cata-, kata- (*down*).

**cataboli** *vi.* catabolize (*biology*). ● *n.* catabolism.

**catacana** *n.* katakana (*writing system*).

**catacomba** *n.* catacomb.

**catal** *n.* katal (*unit of catalytic activity*).

**catalan** *adj.* & *n.* catalán.

**catalesia** *n.* catalepsy.

**catalesica** *adj.* cataleptic.

**catalise** *vt.* catalyse (US catalyze).

**catalisente** *adj.* catalytic. ● *n.* catalyst.

**catalogi** *vt.* catalogue (US catalog), index.

**catalogo** *n.* catalogue (US catalog), index, directory.

**catalogor** *n.* cataloguer (US cataloger).

**Catalunia** *n.* Catalonia (*Spanish region*).

**catamaran** *n.* catamaran.

**catana** *n.* katana (*sword*).

**cataplasma** *n.* poultice.

**Catar** *n.* Qatar.

**catarata** *n.* cataract.

**catari** *adj.* & *n.* Qatari.

**cataro** *n.* common cold, catarrh, nasopharyngitis, rhinopharyngitis. **ave cataro** have a cold.

**catatonia** *n.* catatonia.

**catatonica** *adj.* catatonic.

**catecisme** *n.* catecismo (*cristiandad*).

**catedral** *n.* catedral.

**categori** *vt.* categorize, classify. ● *n.* categorization, classification.

**categoria** *n.* category, class. **categoria sintatical** lexical category, syntactic category, part of speech.

**cateter** *n.* catheter.

**cateteri** *vt.* catheterize. ● *n.* catheterization.

**cateto** *n.* cathetus (*geometry*).

**cation** *n.* cation (*chemistry*).

**Catmandu** *n.* Kathmandu.

**catodal** *adj.* cathodic.

**catodo** *n.* cathode.

**catolica** *adj.* & *n.* catølico, Roman Catholic.

**catolicisme** *n.* catolicismo, Roman Catholicism.

**catran** *n.* tar. **catran de tabaco** tar.

**catrani** *vt.* tar.

**catura** *vt.* capture, catch, apprehend, nab. **per catura** wanted (*criminal*).

**caturada** *adj.* captured, captive.

**caturamosca** *n.* flycatcher, chat (*Muscicapidae*).

**caturamus** *n.* mousetrap.

**caturor** *n.* captor, catcher.

**cauboi** *n.* cowboy (*North American*), buckaroo.

**caucasian** *adj.* Caucasian (*of the Caucasus*).

**Caucaso** *n.* Caucasus, Caucasia. **Caucasos** Caucasus Mountains. **Montes Caucaso** Caucasus Mountains.

**caucasoide** *adj.* Caucasoid.

**cauri** *n.* cowrie (*shell*, *mollusc*: *Cypraeidae*).

**causa** *vt.* cause, entrain, wreak, underlie, result in. ● *n.* cause, grounds; causation. **par causa ce** because. **par causa de** because of, due to, owing to, thanks to.

**causal** *adj.* causal.

**causalia** *n.* causality.

**cauta** *adj.* cautious, careful, wary, prudent, heedful, conservative, circumspect.

**cauterador** *n.* cautery.

**cauteri** *vt.* cauterize. ● *n.* cauterization.

**cautia** *n.* caution, carefulness, prudence, discretion, heedfulness.

**cauxi** *vt.* rubberize. ● *n.* rubberization.

**cauxo** *n.* rubber.

**cava**¹ *n.* cave, grotto. **cava de bir** beer cellar, rathskeller. **cava de vino** wine cellar.

**cava**² *n.* kava (*plant*: *Piper methysticum*).

**cavalal** *adj.* equine.

**cavaleta** *n.* foal; easel, trestle, sawhorse, sawbuck; gantry; kickstand (*bicycle*). **Cavaleta** *n.* Equuleus (*constellation*).

**cavalin** *adj.* horselike.

**cavalo** *n.* horse, steed (*Equus caballus*); knight (*chess*); horsepower (*measurement*). **cavalo de corsa**racehorse. **cavalo de gera** warhorse. **cavalo-de-mar** *n.* seahorse (*Hippocampus*). **cavalo fema** mare.**cavalo mas** stallion. **cavalo osilante** rocking horse. **cavalo peti** pony.

**cavalor** *n.* horse rider, horseman, horsewoman, equestrian; knight, cavalryman, cavalier; knight (*tarot*).**cavalores** cavalry. **titulo de cavalor** knighthood.

**cavaloral** *adj.* horseriding, equestrian.

**cavalori** *vi.* be knighted. ● *vt.* knight.

**cavaloria** *n.* chivalry; horsemanship.

**caveta** *n.* cavity, hollow, pit; socket (*joint*). **caveta nasal** nasal cavity.

**cavetin** *adj.* hollow.

**cavia** *n.* cavy, guinea pig (*Cavia*, *Caviinae*).

**caviar** *n.* caviar.

**cavil** *n.* peg, dowel. **cavil de rota** linchpin.

**cavon** *n.* cavern.

**cavor** *n.* caver, potholer, spelunker.

**caxa** *n.* box, coffer; case, casing, housing. **caxa de arena** sandbox, sandpit. **caxa de carton** cardboard box, carton. **caxa de come** lunch box. **caxa de ensofable** snuffbox. **caxa de esibi** display case, showcase, vitrine, shadow box. **caxa de fosfores** box of matches, matchbox. **caxa de junta** mitre (US miter) box.**caxa de leto** footlocker. **caxa de olio** oil pan, sump. **caxa de pan** breadbox, bread bin. **caxa de Pandora** Pandora’s box. **caxa de posta** mailbox, postbox. **caxa de utiles** toolbox. **caxa rejistrante**cash register, till. **caxa secur** safe, locker, strongbox.

**caxalote** *n.* sperm whale (*Physeter macrocephalus*).

**caxer** *adj.* kosher, kasher.

**caxeta** *n.* drawer; cassette. **caxeta audio** audio cassette. **caxeta video** video cassette.

**caxi** *vt.* box, encase; embed, imbed, nest. **caxi bon** encase well, fit well around.

**caxin** *adj.* boxlike, boxy.

**caxmir**¹ *n.* cashmere.

**Caxmir**² *n.* Kashmir.

**caxmiran** *adj.* Kashmiri.

**caxofa** *n.* artichoke (*Cynara cardunculus*).

**caxon** *n.* chest, crate, soapbox. **caxon funeral** coffin.

**caxor** *n.* cashier, clerk, purser, bursar, scrivener.

**cazac** *adj.* & *n.* Kazakh, Kazakhstani (*person*, *language*).

**Cazacstan** *n.* Kazakhstan.

**cazu** [cazú] *n.* kazoo, mirliton (*musical instrument*).

**cd** *abbr.* (*disco compata*) CD.

**ce** *subord.* that; e.g. *me vide ce tu es triste*; *los insiste ce nos parti*. — *Ce* does not mean *what?*. Nor is it used for*which* in *the chair which broke* or *that* in *the dog that barked*. It introduces a clause that reports the content of something like a statement or thought, and it cannot be omitted.

**cea** *n.* kea (*bird*: *Nestor notabilis*).

**cebab** *n.* kebab, kabob, shish kebab.

**cela** *vi.* chelate (*chemistry*). ● *n.* chelation.

**celada** *adj.* chelate. ● *n.* chelate complex.

**celante** *adj.* chelating. ● *n.* chelant, chelating agent.

**celaterapia** *n.* chelation, chelation therapy.

**celi** *n.* ceilidh (*social event*).

**celpi** *n.* kelpie (*mythology*, *dog*).

**celsius** *n.* Celsius, centigrade. See *grado*.

**celta** *adj.* Celtic. ● *n.* Celtic, Celt. **Mar Celta** Celtic Sea.

**celtiberian** *adj.* & *n.* Celtiberian.

**celvin** *n.* kelvin (*unit of temperature*).

**Cenia** *n.* Kenya.

**cenian** *adj.* & *n.* Kenyan.

**ceratin** *n.* keratin.

**ceratinosite** *n.* keratocyte.

**cerem** *n.* chereme (*unit of sign language*).

**Cerno** *n.* Cornwall.

**cernoica** [cernoïca] *adj.* Cornish (*person*, *language*).

**cerosen** *n.* kerosene.

**cerubin** *n.* cherub. **cerubines** cherubs, cherubim.

**cesadilia** *n.* quesadilla (*tortilla*).

**ceso** *n.* cheese. **ceso cremosa** cream cheese. **ceso-de-testa** *n.* headcheese, brawn (*jellied meat*). **ceso limburgan** limburger.

**cetognato** *n.* chaetognath (US chetognath) (*worm*: *Chaetognatha*).

**cetona** *n.* ketone (*chemistry*).

**cetsal** *n.* quetzal (*Pharomachrus*, *Euptilotis*).

**cetxap** *n.* ketchup.

**cetxua** *adj.* & *n.* Quechua (*person*, *language*).

**cexa** *vt.* complain, whine, kvetch, whinge, gripe, rant, carp. ● *n.* complaint, rant, grievance.

**cexeta** *vt.* grumble.

**cexor** *n.* complainer, whiner, whinger, grouch.

**cexosa** *adj.* whiny, whiney, whingey, grouchy, querulous.

**Chesapeake, Baia** [txésapic] *n.* Chesapeake Bay.

**Chihuahua** [txiwawa] *n.* Chihuahua (*Mexican state*). **chihuahua** *n.* chihuahua (*dog*). **Deserto Chihuahua**Chihuahuan Desert.

**ci**¹ *pron.* who, whom (*interrogative*, *relative*); e.g. *ci es tu?*; *el ia demanda ci me ia vide*; *la om ci senta en la auto es mea avo*; *me conose la fem con ci tu ia parla*. — *Ci* is the equivalent of *cual* for referring to people, animals or personified things. **de ci … sua** whose; e.g. *la fem de ci tu ia trova sua clave es mea fia*.

**ci**² *n.* chi (*Greek letter*).

**cianti** *n.* chianti (*wine*).

**ciasma** *n.* chiasma (*genetics*).

**cibuts** *n.* kibbutz.

**Ciclades** *n.pl.* Cyclades (*islands*).

**cidonia** *n.* quince (*Cydonia oblonga*).

**cifose** *n.* kyphosis (*medical*).

**Ciiv** *n.* Kiev.

**cile** *n.* chyle (*substance*).

**cilia** *n.* keel; carina. **Cilia** *n.* Carina (*constellation*).

**Cilicia, Mar** *n.* Cilician Sea.

**cilo-** *pref.* kilo-.

**cilobait** *n.* kilobyte.

**cilogram** *n.* kilogram.

**cilolitre** *n.* kilolitre (US kiloliter).

**cilometre** *n.* kilometre (US kilometer). **cilometres** mileage (*distance travelled*).

**cilovate** *n.* kilowatt.

**cilovate-ora** *n.* kilowatt-hour.

**cilt** *n.* kilt.

**cimera** *n.* chimera (*mythology*).

**cimica** *n.* chemistry. **cimica matematical** mathematical chemistry.

**cimical** *adj.* & *n.* chemical.

**cimiciste** *n.* chemist.

**cimo** *n.* chyme (*substance*).

**cimono** *n.* kimono.

**cimosina** *n.* rennin (*enzyme*).

**cimosintesal** *adj.* chemosynthetic.

**cimosintese** *vt.* chemosynthesis.

**cimoterapia** *n.* chemotherapy.

**cimotrof** *n.* chemotroph (*organism*).

**cimotrofia** *adj.* chemotrophic. ● *n.* chemotrophia.

**Cimri** *n.* Wales.

**cimrica** *adj.* & *n.* Welsh (*person*, *language*).

**cincaju** *n.* kinkajou (*animal*: *Potos flavus*).

**cinesiolojia** *n.* kinesiology.

**cinesiolojiste** *n.* kinesiologist.

**cinestesia** *n.* kinaesthesia (US kinesthesia).

**cinestesica** *adj.* kinaesthetic (US kinesthetic).

**cinetica** *adj.* kinetic.

**cinina** *n.* quinine.

**cinorinco** *n.* kinorhynch (*organism*: *Kinorhyncha*).

**cinua** *n.* quinoa (*Chenopodium quinoa*).

**cionis** *n.* sheathbill (*bird*: *Chionis*).

**ciosco** *n.* kiosk, booth, stand, stall. **ciosco de bande** bandstand. **ciosco de peaje** tollbooth. **ciosco de polisia** police box. **ciosco de telefon** telephone booth, telephone box, phone box. **ciosco de vota** voting booth, polling booth.

**cipa** *n.* skull cap, kipa, kippah, yarmulke, zucchetto, taqiyah, topi, kufi, beanie.

**ciprica** *adj.* & *n.* Cypriot.

**Cipros** *n.* Cyprus.

**ciptxac** *adj.* & *n.* Kipchak (*person*, *language*).

**cipu** *n.* quipu (*Inca device*).

**Cirgistan** *n.* Kyrgyzstan.

**cirgiz** *adj.* & *n.* Kyrgyz, Kyrgyzstani (*person*, *language*).

**Ciribas** *n.* Kiribati. **ciribas** *adj.* & *n.* Kiribati.

**cirilica** *adj.* & *n.* Cyrillic.

**ciromansia** *n.* chiromancy, palmistry, palm reading.

**ciropratica** *n.* chiropractic, chiropraxis.

**ciropraticor** *n.* chiropractor.

**cirotero** *n.* bat (*animal*: *Chiroptera*).

**cisa** *adv.* maybe, perhaps, possibly.

**citian** *adj.* & *n.* Kittian. See *San Kitts*.

**citina** *n.* chitin (*substance*).

**citinosa** *adj.* chitinous.

**citon** *n.* chiton (*garment*).

**ciui**¹ *n.* kiwi (*bird*: *Apteryx*).

**ciui**² *n.* kiwi fruit, Chinese gooseberry (*plant*, *fruit*: *Actinidia chinensis*).

**cix** *n.* quiche.

**clac-clac** *interj.* tap-tap, knock-knock.

**clace** *vi.* & *n.* clack, clatter; tap dance.

**claceta** *n.* clapperboard.

**clacor** *n.* tap dancer.

**clado** *n.* clade (*biology*).

**clama** *vt.* call, summon, summons, invoke, draft. — When *call* means *name*, it can be clearer to use *nomi*. ● *n.*call, summons, invocation. **clama a servi militar** *v.* & *n.* draft, call to military service. **clama de avia**birdcall. **clama de nomes** roll call. **clama dulse** whinny.

**clamada** *adj.* called, summoned, invoked. ● *n.* callee, draftee.

**clan** *n.* clan.

**claneta** *n.* subclan, sept.

**clar** *adj.* clear, unblocked, unstained; transparent, see-through, limpid, pellucid; plain (*to see or understand*), explicit, lucid, perspicuous; blatant. ● *adv.* clearly, explicitly; by far, far and away, easily. **es clar** be clear, stand out clearly.

**clarestorio** *n.* clerestory (*architecture*).

**clari** *vi.* become clear. ● *vt.* clarify, elucidate, enunciate. ● *n.* clarification.

**claria** *n.* clarity, transparency, lucidity, perspicuity.

**clarida** *adj.* clarified.

**clarineta** *n.* clarinet.

**clarinetiste** *n.* clarinettist (US clarinetist).

**claron** *n.* clarion (*trumpet*).

**claroscur** *n.* chiaroscuro.

**clarvide** *vt.* be clairvoyant, see the future. ● *n.* clairvoyance.

**clarvidente** *adj.* clairvoyant, prescient. ● *n.* clairvoyant, fortuneteller.

**clase** *n.* class. **clase alta** upper class, gentry. **clase basa** lower class. **clase de turiste** tourist class, economy class. **clase media** middle class. **de clase alta** upper-class, posh. **de clase basa** lower-class, plebeian. **de clase media** middle-class.

**clasi** *vt.* classify. ● *n.* classification.

**clasica** *adj.* classic, classical. ● *n.* classic.

**clasicisme** *n.* classicism.

**clasisme** *n.* classism.

**clasiste** *adj.* snobbish, snobby, snooty, class-conscious. ● *n.* snob.

**claustrofobia** *n.* claustrophobia.

**claustrofobica** *adj.* claustrophobic. ● *n.* claustrophobe.

**clave** *n.* key (*lock*); wrench, spanner; password. **clave ajustable** adjustable wrench. **clave alta** treble clef.**clave basa** bass clef. **clave de arco** keystone. **clave de musica** clef. **clave engles** monkey wrench.**clave exagon** Allen key, Allen wrench. **clave restrinjeda** passkey. **clave xef** master key, passkey.

**clavesimbal** *n.* harpsichord.

**clavesimbaliste** *n.* harpsichordist.

**clavi** *vt.* lock. **clavi de braso** armlock. **clavi de testa** headlock.

**clavicordio** *n.* clavichord.

**clavicula** *n.* clavicle, collarbone.

**clavor** *n.* locksmith, keymaker.

**claxon** *n.* klaxon, horn, hooter.

**claxoni** *vt.* honk, hoot, sound one’s horn; guffaw.

**clematis** *n.* clematis (*Clematis*).

**cleptocrata** *n.* cleptocrat, kleptocrat.

**cleptocratia** *n.* cleptocracy, kleptocracy.

**cleptomania** *n.* kleptomania.

**cleptomanica** *adj.* & *n.* kleptomaniac.

**clica** *vi.* click; rattle; chatter (*teeth*). ● *vt.* click (*mouse*, *link*). ● *n.* click; rattle; chatter. **clica destra** *v.* & *n.* right click (*mouse*). **clica duple** *v.* & *n.* double click (*mouse*). **clica media** *v.* & *n.* middle click (*mouse*). **clica simple** *v.* & *n.* single click (*mouse*). **clica sinistra** *v.* & *n.* left click (*mouse*). **clica truple** *v.* & *n.* triple click (*mouse*).

**clicador** *n.* rattle (*toy*, *device*).

**cliceta** *n.* ratchet.

**cliente** *n.* client, customer. **clientes** customers, clientele.

**clima** *n.* clima, tiempo, condiciones atmosféricas
condiciones meteorológicas.

**climal** *adj.* climatic.

**climatolojia** *n.* climatology.

**clina** *n.* cline (*biology*).

**clinica** *n.* clinic, dispensary.

**clinical** *adj.* clinical.

**clip** *n.* clip (*audio*, *video*, *fastener*); paper clip. **de clip** clip-on.

**clipi** *vt.* clip, clip on.

**clitico** *n.* clitic.

**clito** *n.* (*colloquial*) clit (*clitoris*).

**clitorectomia** *n.* clitorectomy, clitoridectomy (*surgery*).

**clitoris** *n.* clitoris.

**clitorisal** *adj.* clitoral.

**clixe** *adj.* clichéd, hackneyed. ● *n.* cliché, platitude.

**clo** *n.* nail.

**cloaca** *n.* drain, sewer; cloaca (*anatomy*).

**cloador** *n.* nail gun.

**cloeta** *n.* tack.

**cloi** [cloï] *vt.* nail.

**clone** *vt.* clone. ● *n.* cloning (*action*); clone (*product*).

**clorantasea** *n.* chloranthaceae (*Chloranthaceae*).

**clori** *vt.* chlorinate. ● *n.* chlorination.

**clorido** *n.* chloride. **clorido de polivinil** polyvinyl chloride, PVC.

**cloro**¹ *n.* chlorine.

**cloro-**² *pref.* chloro-.

**clorofila** *n.* chlorophyll.

**clorofluorocarbono** *n.* chlorofluorocarbon.

**clorofonia** *n.* chlorophonia (*Chlorophonia*).

**cloroformo** *n.* chloroform.

**cloroplasto** *n.* chloroplast.

**clorose** *n.* chlorosis, blight.

**clox** *n.* cloche (*hat*).

**cluable** *adj.* shuttable, fastenable.

**cluador** *n.* shutter (*camera*).

**club** *n.* club.

**clubor** *n.* club member.

**clui** *vi.* & *vt.* close, shut; turn off, switch off (*tap*, *power*). ● *n.* closure, shutoff. **clui la boca** shut up.

**cluida** *adj.* closed; shut.

**cluisita** *n.* closing quotation mark, unquote.

**clusa** *n.* lock (*waterway*). **clusa de aira** airlock.

**cmer** *adj.* & *n.* Khmer (*person*, *language*).

**cnidario** *n.* coelenterate (*organism*: *Cnidaria*).

**co-** *pref.* co- (*with*, *together*).

**coabita** *vi.* cohabit. ● *n.* cohabitation.

**coabitor** *n.* cohabiter, cohabitant, housemate, flatmate, roommate.

**coagula** *vi.* coagulate; clot, clot up (*blood*). ● *n.* coagulation, concretion.

**coala** *n.* koala (*Phascolarctos cinereus*).

**coan** *n.* koan (*Zen*).

**coarde** *adj.* cowardly, gutless; wimpy, spineless. ● *n.* coward; wimp.

**coardia** *n.* cowardice.

**coasal** *adj.* coaxial.

**coautor** *n.* coauthor.

**coaveni** *vi.* coincide. ● *n.* coincidence. **coaveni partal** overlap. **par coaveni** coincidentally, by coincidence.

**coaveninte** *adj.* coincidental. ● *adv.* coincidentally, by coincidence.

**cobalto** *n.* cobalt.

**cobra** *n.* cobra (members of *Elapidae*, esp. the genus *Naja*).

**coc** *n.* coke (*fuel*).

**coca** *n.* coca (*plant*: *Erythroxylaceae*).

**cocaina** *n.* cocaine.

**coc-coc-coc** *interj.* cluck.

**coce** *vi.* cook. ● *vt.* cook; fire (*pottery*). **coce lenta** *vi.* & *vt.* stew, braise. **coce su sielo** cookout. **coce tro multe** overcook, overdo. **coce tro poca** undercook.

**coceda** *adj.* cooked; fired. **lenta coceda** stewed, braised. **tro poca coceda** undercooked, underdone.

**coclea** *n.* cochlea.

**cocleal** *adj.* cochlear.

**cocni** *adj.* & *n.* cockney.

**coco** *n.* coconut (*plant*, *fruit*: *Cocos nucifera*).

**cocon** *n.* cocoon.

**coconspiror** *n.* co-conspirator, fellow schemer.

**coctel** *n.* cocktail.

**coda** *n.* tail; coda; ending (*grammar*). **coda anelida** ringtail. **coda de camisa** shirttail. **coda de cavalo**horse’s tail; ponytail (*hairstyle*).

**codal** *adj.* caudal (*towards the tail*); trailing, closing.

**codeina** *n.* codeine.

**codetas** *n.pl.* bunches, pigtails (*unplaited*).

**codi** *vt.* betail, add a tail to.

**codida** *adj.* caudate, tailed.

**codigi** *vt.* code, encode, codify. ● *n.* encoding (*action*).

**codigida** *adj.* coded. **codigida par color** colour-coded (US color-coded). **permanente codigida** hard-coded.

**codigo** *n.* code (*laws*, *software*), encoding. **codigo de baras** bar code. **codigo de Morse** Morse code. **codigo fisical de sinias** character encoding (*e.g. UTF-8*). **codigo numeral de sinias** character code (*numeric representation of characters*).

**codo** *n.* elbow; cubit.

**codon** *n.* codon (*genetics*).

**coecipor** *n.* teammate.

**coedal** *adj.* of the same age, peer. ● *n.* peer.

**coedita** *vt.* coedit.

**coeditor** *n.* coeditor.

**coeduca** *vt.* coeducate. ● *n.* coeducation.

**coemprende** *n.* joint venture.

**coencargada** *adj.* collegial, with shared responsibility.

**coere** *vi.* cohere, stick together. ● *n.* coherence, cohesion, consistency.

**coerente** *adj.* coherent, cohesive, consistent, regular, rational.

**coesiste** *vi.* coexist. ● *n.* coexistence.

**cognisial** *adj.* cognitive.

**cognisio** *n.* cognition.

**coicoi** *adj.* & *n.* Khoikhoi, Khoi, Hottentot (*person*, *language*).

**coion** *n.* (*colloquial*) ball, nut, bollock (*testicle*).

**coiote** *n.* coyote (*Canis latrans*).

**coipu** *n.* coypu, nutria, river rat (*Myocastor coypus*).

**coisan** *adj.* & *n.* Khoisan (*person*, *language*).

**col**¹ *n.* cabbage (*plant*, *leaves*: *Brassica oleracea*). **col de Bruxelles** [bruxeles] Brussels sprout. **col risa** kale.**folia de col** collard greens, borekale.

**col**² *n.* kohl (*cosmetic*).

**cola**¹ *n.* glue, paste.

**cola**² *n.* cola, kola (*plant*, *nut*, *drink*: *Cola*).

**Cola, Penisola** *n.* Kola Peninsula.

**colabora** *vi.* collaborate, cooperate, liaise. ● *n.* collaboration, cooperation.

**colaborante** *adj.* collaborating, collaborative.

**colaboror** *n.* collaborator, colleague, co-worker, fellow worker.

**coladal** *adj.* collateral.

**colajen** *n.* collagen.

**colal** *adj.* cervical.

**colar** *n.* collar. **colar aletin** wing collar. **colar enrolada** turtleneck. **colar fronsosa** ruff. **colar ronda** round neck, crewneck. **sin colar** collarless.

**colareta** *n.* necklace.

**colasa** *vi.* & *n.* collapse, slump, flop.

**colasable** *adj.* collapsible.

**colbasa** *n.* kielbasa, kubasa, kolbassa (*sausage*).

**coleo** *n.* coleus (*plant*: *Solenostemon*).

**coler** *adj.* angry, mad, irate, indignant. ● *n.* hothead, spitfire.

**colera** *n.* cholera.

**coleri** *vi.* turn angry, rage. ● *vt.* anger, madden, outrage, enrage.

**coleria** *n.* anger, wrath, ire, rage, outrage, indignation.

**coleriosa** *adj.* full of anger, enraged, wrathful, aggressive.

**colesterol** *n.* cholesterol.

**coletiva** *adj.* mass, collective, bulk. ● *n.* collective (*farm*, *factory*).

**coletivisme** *n.* collectivism.

**coletiviste** *adj.* & *n.* collectivist.

**coli**¹ *n.* collie (*dog*).

**coli**² *vt.* glue, paste.

**colibri** *n.* hummingbird (*Trochilidae*).

**colico** *n.* colic (*medical*).

**colidador** *n.* collider.

**colide** *vi.* collide, crash. ● *n.* collision, crash. **colide multiple** multiple collision, pile-up.

**colie** *vt.* collect, gather, accumulate; pick, garner. ● *n.* collection, set, accumulation, repertoire, repertory; medley, omnibus. **colie caxida** box set. **colie de armas** arsenal. **colie de filos** strand (*threads or wires*).**colie de presentas** repertory, repertoire. **colie de selos** stamp collecting; stamp collection. **colie de sinias** character set, character repertoire (*e.g. Unicode*). **colie de tambures** drum kit. **colie grande**large collection, panoply. **colie la resta** glean (*harvest*). **colie miscada** assortment, miscellany, hotchpotch, hodgepodge.

**coliebal** *n.* ballboy, ballgirl.

**coliflor** *n.* cauliflower (*plant*, *vegetable*: *Brassica oleracea*).

**colina**¹ *n.* hill, butte, mesa.

**colina**² *n.* choline (*substance*).

**colinabo** *n.* swede, rutabaga (*plant*, *vegetable*: *Brassica napobrassica*).

**colinerjico** *n.* cholinergic.

**colineta** *n.* hillock, mound, bank, hummock, knoll; tumulus, barrow.

**colino** *n.* bobwhite (*bird*: *Colinus*).

**colinosa** *adj.* hilly.

**colio** *n.* mousebird (*Coliidae*).

**colior** *n.* collector. **colior de selos** stamp collector.

**colirabano** *n.* kohlrabi (*plant*, *vegetable*: *Brassica oleracea*).

**colite** *n.* colitis (*medical*).

**colo** *n.* neck. **colo de botela** bottleneck. **colo de monte** mountain pass. **colo de utero** cervix.

**colobo** *n.* colobus (*monkey*: *Colobus*, *Procolobus*).

**colocolo** *n.* colocolo (*wild cat*: *Leopardus colocolo*).

**colofon** *n.* colophon (*publishing*).

**coloide** *adj.* colloidal. ● *n.* colloid.

**Colombia** *n.* Colombia.

**colombian** *adj.* & *n.* Colombian.

**colombina** *n.* aquilegia, columbine (*plant*: *Aquilegia*).

**colon** *n.* colon. **colon iritable** irritable bowel.

**colona** *n.* column, pillar; column (*text*); file (*chess*). **colona de leto** bedpost. **colona sinco** fifth column.

**colonal** *adj.* colonic.

**coloni** *vt.* colonize, settle. ● *n.* colonization, settlement.

**colonia** *n.* colony, plantation (*colony*), settlement; rookery.

**colonial** *adj.* colonial.

**colonialisme** *n.* colonialism.

**colonialiste** *adj.* colonialistic. ● *n.* colonialist.

**colonin** *adj.* columnlike.

**coloniste** *n.* colonist, colonial, settler. **coloniste prima** pioneer.

**color** *n.* colour (US color), complexion. **sin color** colourless (US colorless).

**Colorado** *n.* Colorado (*US state*). **Rio Colorado** Colorado River.

**colori** *vt.* colour (US color).

**colorida** *adj.* colour (US color).

**coloroja** *adj.* (*derogatory*) redneck.

**colorosa** *adj.* colourful (US colorful), technicolor, colour (US color).

**coloseo** *n.* colosseum, coliseum.

**colostomia** *n.* colostomy.

**colostro** *n.* colostrum (*biology*).

**colpa** *vt.* hit, strike, knock, blow, bump, jolt, impact, butt, whack, bonk, thump, pelt, smite, bat, blast. ● *n.* hit, strike, stroke, knock, jab, blast, blow, bump, jolt, impact, bonk, thump, thud; coup. **colpa a lado** sideswipe.**colpa a supra** uppercut. **colpa a tera** knock down, knock over, fell. **colpa con dito** *v.* & *n.* flick. **colpa con palma** *v.* & *n.* slap, smack, spank. **colpa con pede** *v.* & *n.* kick. **colpa con testa** *v.* headbutt; head (*football*). ● *n.* headbutt; header (*football*). **colpa de cavalo** unhorse, unseat. **colpa de mori** death blow, coup de grâce. **colpa de palasio** palace coup. **colpa de stato** coup d’état, coup. **colpa de tona**thunderclap. **colpa forte** hard blow, wallop, whack, wham, crackdown, haymaker. **colpa metalin** metallic thud, clunk. **colpa sever** severe blow, crackdown. **colpa xef** main blow, brunt. **no colpa** miss (*target*).**par sola un colpa** in one fell swoop.

**colpador** *n.* blaster (*weapon*).

**colpamosca** *n.* flyswatter, flyswat.

**colpeta** *vt.* pat, dab, daub; flick; putt (*golf*). ● *n.* pat, light blow; flick.

**colpetador** *n.* putter (*golf club*).

**colposcopi** *n.* colposcopy.

**colposcopio** *n.* colposcope.

**colugo** *n.* colugo, cobego, flying lemur (*Dermoptera*).

**Columbia Brites** *n.* British Columbia.

**colxa** *vt.* quilt.

**colza** *n.* rape, cole, colza (*plant*: *Brassica napus*); rapeseed; rape oil, rapeseed oil, canola.

**com-** *pref.* com- (*with*, *together*).

**coma** *n.* coma.

**comable** *adj.* edible. ● *n.* food, foodstuff.

**comadre** *n.* midwife.

**comadria** *n.* midwifery.

**comanda** *vt.* command, order, dictate, ordain; order (*food*, *goods*); e.g. *comanda alga cosa a/de algun*;*comanda ce algun fa alga cosa*. ● *n.* command, order, directive, decree, fiat, commission, warrant, writ, behest. **comanda per apare** *v.* & *n.* summons, subpoena. **comanda temprana** *v.* & *n.* preorder. **par comanda** custom, custom-made, custom-order, special-order, customised, bespoke, on demand, tailored, tailor-made.

**comandante** *adj.* commanding, imperative, peremptory. ● *n.* imperative.

**comando** *n.* commando.

**comandor** *n.* commander, commandant, commodore. **comandor militar** military commander, warlord.

**combate** *vt.* fight, combat, brawl. ● *n.* fight, combat, brawl, bout. **combate airal** aerial combat, dogfight.**combate de bove** bullfight. **combate de gales** cockfight. **combate prosima** hand-to-hand combat.

**combator** *n.* fighter, combatant. **combator de bove** bullfighter.

**combatosa** *adj.* combative, aggressive, militant.

**combatosia** *n.* aggression.

**combina** *vi.* combine, amalgamate, aggregate, concoct; consolidate. ● *n.* combination, combo, amalgam, amalgamation, aggregate, concoction; consolidation.

**combinatoria** *n.* combinatorics.

**combusta** *vi.* combust. ● *n.* combustion.

**combustable** *adj.* combustible. ● *n.* combustible, fuel. **combustable de fosil** fossil fuel.

**combustablia** *n.* combustibility.

**come** *vt.* eat, dine, ingest, sup. ● *n.* meal, dinner, supper, repast. **come con sua oios** ogle, leer at. **come de matina** breakfast. **come de matina tarda** brunch. **come de negosia** business lunch. **come de sera**supper, dinner, evening meal. **come en un restorante** eat out. **come media** lunch, luncheon. **come retirable** takeaway, takeout. **come tro multe** eat too much, overeat. **con du comes** half-board (*hotel*).**con tre comes** full-board (*hotel*). **de come** prandial. **pos come** postprandial.

**comeda** *n.* food, grub, nosh, victual. **comeda de bestias** fodder. **comeda de mar** seafood. **comeda favoreda** favourite (US favorite) food, delicacy. **comeda fibrosa** roughage. **comeda major** staple (*food*).**comeda rapida** fast food. **comeda sin nuri** junk food. **comedas** groceries.

**comederia** *n.* grocery, grocery store, supermarket.

**comedia** *n.* comedy, romp. **comedia de situas** situation comedy, sitcom.

**comedial** *adj.* comic, comedic, humorous.

**comediste** *n.* comedian.

**comedor** *n.* grocer.

**comefoco** *n.* fire eater.

**comensa** *vi.* commence, begin, start; set off (*on journey*); kick off; proceed with; e.g. *la corsa comensa*. ● *vt.*commence, begin, start, take up; establish, set up; e.g. *on comensa dansa*; *nos comensa la viaja*. ● *n.*commencement, beginning, start, inception, onset, novitiate; preliminary (*attempt*, *round of competition*); kickoff, faceoff (*sport*). **a la comensa de** at the beginning of, early in. **comensa en via** set off. **comensa riscosa** risky start, gambit. **de comensa** preliminary.

**comensada** *adj.* begun, started, underway.

**comensal** *adj.* initial.

**comensante** *adj.* beginning, starting, incipient, setting off, afoot. **comensante de** starting from, leaving from.

**comensor** *n.* beginner, novice, novitiate, neophyte, rookie, newbie, noob, newcomer, plebe, tenderfoot.**comensor egosa** upstart. **per comensores** for beginners, entry-level.

**comenta** *vt.* comment, remark, observe, commentate. ● *n.* comment, remark. **comenta astuta** witticism.**comentas** comments, commentary; feedback.

**comentor** *n.* commentator, commentor. **comentor de sporte** sports commentator, sportscaster.

**comeria** *n.* eatery, fast-food restaurant, canteen, lunchroom.

**comersia** *vt.* trade, do business. ● *n.* trade, commerce, business. **comersia frodante** racket, racketeering.

**comersial** *adj.* commercial, business, enterprise, mercantile.

**comersiali** *vi.* commercialize; go to market. ● *vt.* commercialize; put on the market. ● *n.* commercialization.

**comersin** *adj.* businesslike.

**comersior** *n.* businessperson, businessman, businesswoman. **comersior nononesta** wheeler-dealer.

**comespada** *n.* sword swallower.

**cometa**¹ *n.* comet (*astronomy*); kite (*toy*).

**cometa**² *vt.* snack. ● *n.* snack, refreshment.

**comforta** *vt.* comfort, make comfortable. ● *n.* comfort.

**comfortada** *adj.* comforted. **es comfortada par** be comforted by, take comfort in.

**comfortante** *adj.* comforting, pleasant.

**comfortosa** *adj.* comfortable, comfy.

**comica** *adj.* comical, funny, humorous, risible, wacky, zany.

**comision** *n.* commission (*committee*, *payment*).

**comisionor** *n.* commissioner.

**comite** *n.* board, committee; panel (*experts*). **comite de vila** town council. **comite dirijente** board (*trustees*).**comite local** local council.

**comiteria** *n.* board room, committee room.

**comitor** *n.* committee member, commissioner.

**como** *adv.* (*interrogative*) how; e.g. *como on abri esta caxa?* ● *interj.* what, huh, eh? (*confusion*). ● *subord.* as, like, in the way that; e.g. *acel es como on debe condui*; *salta tan alta como tu pote*. ● *prep.* like, similarly to, qua; e.g. *el rie como un iena*; *tan alta como me*. **como si** as if, as though, like. **no como** *prep.* unlike. ●*subord.* unlike how.

**comoda** *n.* chest of drawers, dresser. **comoda de cosina** sideboard (*displaying or storing dishes*).

**comodeta** *n.* nightstand, bedside table.

**comodo** *n.* Komodo dragon, Komodo monitor (*lizard*: *Varanus komodoensis*).

**comor** *n.* eater, diner.

**comorbosa** *adj.* comorbid (*medical*).

**Comori** *n.* Comoros. **comori** *adj.* & *n.* Comorian.

**comosa** *adj.* comatose.

**compania** *n.* company, firm, business; troupe. **compania asecurinte** underwriter. **compania nova** startup.

**compara** *vt.* compare, liken; e.g. *compara custas*; *compara la filma con la libro*; *compara vives a naras*. ● *n.*comparison; simile. **compara con realia** *v.* compare with reality. ● *n.* reality check. **sin compara**incomparable.

**comparable** *adj.* comparable.

**comparada** *adj.* comparative. ● *adv.* comparatively.

**comparativa** *adj.* & *n.* comparative.

**comparte** *n.* compartment; cubbyhole, pigeonhole.

**comparti**¹ *vt.* share, have in common; share out, distribute. ● *n.* share, portion, serving, helping (*food*).**comparti de fixes** file sharing. **comparti un leto** share a bed, be bedfellows.

**comparti**² *vt.* compartmentalize. ● *n.* compartmentalization.

**compartida** *adj.* shared, common. ● *adv.* in common.

**compartidia** *n.* sharedness, commonality.

**compas** *n.* compass (*for drawing circles*). **Compas** *n.* Circinus (*constellation*).

**compata** *adj.* compact.

**compatador** *n.* compactor, steamroller.

**compati** *vi.* & *vt.* compact, compress.

**compatia** *vt.* pity, feel sorry for, feel compassion for, sympathize with, commiserate with. ● *n.* pity, compassion, kindness, consideration, sympathy, condolence, heartstrings, pathos. **sin compatia** pitiless, merciless, inhumane, cut-throat.

**compatiable** *adj.* pitiable, worthy of compassion.

**compatiosa** *adj.* compassionate, humane, kind, kind-hearted, soft-hearted, warm-hearted, considerate, tender, sympathetic, selfless.

**compendio** *n.* compendium. **compendio de bestias** bestiary.

**compensa** *vt.* compensate, make amends for. ● *n.* compensation, damages, indemnity, reparation, restitution.**compensa tro multe** overcompensate.

**compete** *vi.* compete, contest, strive, vie. ● *n.* competition (*action*), contest, rivalry, fray.

**competor** *n.* competitor, contestant, contender, rival. **competor favoreda** frontrunner.

**competosa** *adj.* competitive.

**compila** *vt.* compile.

**compilador** *n.* compiler (*software*).

**compilor** *n.* compiler (*person*).

**compleso** *n.* complex; compound, plant, facility, campus; complex (*psychological*). **compleso de casas**housing estate. **compleso de datos** data centre (US center).

**completa** *adj.* complete, comprehensive, exhaustive, thorough, utter, outright, plenary. ● *adv.* completely, comprehensively, exhaustively, thoroughly, utterly, altogether. ● *n.* whole; suit, outfit (*clothes*). **completa con pantalon** pantsuit, trouser suit. **completa de negosia** business suit. **completa de sera** evening suit, black tie. **completa de sporte** tracksuit.

**completi** *vi.* (*become*) complete. ● *vt.* complete, finalize, fulfil (US fulfill), complement, consummate; fill in, fill out (*form*). ● *n.* completion, fulfilment (US fulfillment). **completi la testo** fill in the blank. **completi un negosia** cut a deal.

**completia** *n.* completeness.

**completinte** *adj.* completing, fulfilling, complementary, supplementary. ● *n.* complement.

**complica** *vt.* complicate. ● *n.* complication, complexity, intricacy.

**complicada** *adj.* complicated, complex, intricate, involute.

**composa** *vt.* compose. ● *n.* composition, makeup.

**composada** *adj.* composed, compound, composite. ● *n.* compound; montage. **composada de** composed of, consisting of, comprising. **es composada de** be composed of, consist of, comprise.

**composante** *adj.* & *n.* component, constituent. **composante major** key component.

**composor** *n.* composer.

**compra** *vt.* buy, purchase, shop. ● *n.* purchase (*action*). **compra manica** shopping spree. **pote compra**afford (*to buy*).

**comprada** *n.* purchase (*object*).

**compramania** *n.* spending spree, splurge.

**compramanica** *n.* spendthrift.

**comprendable** *adj.* understandable, intelligible, comprehensible.

**comprende** *vt.* understand, comprehend. ● *n.* understanding, interpretation, comprehension, insight.

**compresa** *vt.* compress; pressurize. ● *n.* compression; pressurization.

**compromete** *vi.* compromise, make concessions, accommodate. ● *n.* compromise, concession, trade-off.

**compror** *n.* buyer, purchaser, shopper.

**compulsa** *vt.* compel. ● *n.* compulsion.

**computa** *vt.* compute. ● *n.* computation, computing. **computa distribuida** grid computing.

**computador** *n.* computer; central processing unit, CPU. **computador de mano** handheld computer.**computador de table** desktop computer. **computador personal** personal computer. **computador portable** laptop, portable computer. **computador portable peti** netbook. **computador sentral**mainframe computer. **computador tabletin** tablet computer.

**comun** *adj.* common, general, ordinary, plain, banal, prevalent, mundane, commonplace; frequent, rife; shared, in common. ● *adv.* commonly, generally, widely; often, oftentimes, frequently; in common.

**comunia** *n.* commonness, ordinariness, prevalence, commonality; community, commonwealth; communion.**comunia legal** commune, municipality.

**comunial** *adj.* communal.

**comunica** *vt.* communicate; pass on (*illness*). ● *n.* communication. **sin comunica** without communication, incommunicado.

**comunicable** *adj.* communicable, contagious, infectious.

**comunicada** *adj.* communicated. **sesal comunicada** sexually transmitted.

**comunicador** *n.* communicator, intercom. **comunicador de porte** doorphone, intercom, talkback.

**comunisme** *n.* comunismo.

**comuniste** *n.* comunista.

**comuta** *vi.* & *vt.* switch on, turn on, come on, connect, go live (*machine*); enable (*software feature*). ● *n.*connection, joint, junction. **boton de comuta** power button, power switch, on/off switch.

**comutada** *adj.* on, switched on, turned on, live; connected, online; enabled.

**comutador** *n.* switch (*electric*), toggle.

**con**¹ *prep.* • with, in the company of, going along with; e.g. *me jua tenis con mea sore*; *el nada con la flue*. • with (*having or including*); e.g. *cafe con lete*; *un can con oreas longa*; *tu roji con embarasa*. • with, by means of, using (*a tool*); e.g. *me scrive con un lapis*; *compra bonbones con monetas*. **con ce** at the same time as, accompanied by a situation in which; e.g. *los pasea con ce la pluve cade*.

**con-**² *pref.* con- (*with*, *together*).

**conaseda** *adj.* cognate. ● *n.* sibling, sib, cognate.

**conasedia** *n.* siblinghood, cognacy.

**conca** *n.* shell, seashell. **conca de bivalvo** clamshell. **conca de cardio** cockleshell. **conca de strombo** conch shell, conch.

**concava** *adj.* concavo.

**concin** *adj.* shell-like.

**concista** *vt.* conquer, take by force, subjugate. ● *n.* conquest.

**concistor** *n.* conqueror, conquistador.

**conclave** *n.* conclave.

**conclui** *vi.* conclude, come to a conclusion. ● *vt.* conclude, bring to a conclusion. ● *n.* conclusion, coda, denouement.

**concluinte** *adj.* conclusive.

**concombre** *n.* cucumber (*Cucumis sativus*). **concombre-de-mar** *n.* sea cucumber (*Holothuroidea*).**concombre vinagrida** pickle, gherkin.

**concreta** *adj.* concrete, tangible.

**concreti** *vi.* & *vt.* concretize, reify.

**concubina** *n.* concubina; mistress, paramour, kept woman.

**concurso** *n.* contest, competición (*event*). **concurso de belia** concurso de belleza. **concurso de elimina**knockout, elimination match.

**concursor** *n.* contestant, competitor.

**condena** *vt.* condemn (*disapprove*, *declare punishment*), convict, sentence, doom, censure. ● *n.* condemnation, conviction, sentence, indictment, demerit. **condena a enferno** damn.

**condenada** *adj.* condemned. ● *n.* condemned, convict.

**condensa** *vi.* condense. ● *n.* condensation (*action*).

**condensada** *adj.* condensed. ● *n.* condensation (*product*), condensate.

**condensador** *n.* capacitor, condenser.

**condo** *n.* condominium, condo.

**condom** *n.* condom.

**condor** *n.* condor, New World vulture (*Cathartidae*).

**condui** *vi.* behave, conduct (*oneself*), comport. ● *n.* behaviour (US behavior), demeanour (US demeanor), comportment, conduct. See *gida*.

**conduisme** *n.* behaviourism (US behaviorism).

**conduiste** *n.* behaviourist (US behaviorist).

**conduta** *vt.* conduct (*energy*). ● *n.* conduction.

**condutador** *n.* conductor (*energy*).

**condutante** *adj.* conducting, conductive.

**coneo** *n.* rabbit (*Leporidae*).

**coneria** *n.* warren.

**coneta** *n.* baby rabbit, bunny.

**confere** *vi.* confer; parley. ● *n.* conference, convention (*meeting*), symposium, powwow; parley. **confere academial** academic conference, colloquium, seminar. **confere de xefes** summit (*meeting*). **confere jornaliste** press conference. **confere video** video conference.

**confesa** *vt.* confess, admit, avow. ● *n.* confession, admission.

**confeseria** *n.* confessional.

**confeti** *vt.* candy.

**confeto** *n.* sweet, confection. **confeto de jelatin** jelly bean, jelly baby, gum drop. **confeto de menta** mint.**confeto de menta peperin** humbug, bullseye. **confeto dur** hard candy, gobstopper. **confetos** sweets, candy, confectionery.

**confetor** *n.* confectioner.

**confida** *vt.* confide, entrust (*valuables*, *secret*); e.g. *el ia confida a me ce la compania es cuasi bancarota*. ● *n.*confiding.

**confidada** *adj.* confided, confidential (*secret*). ● *n.* confidant, confidante.

**confirma** *vt.* confirm, corroborate, clinch. ● *n.* confirmation (*including religious*), corroboration, clincher; evidence. **confirma con testa** nod one’s head, give a nod.

**confirmable** *adj.* confirmable, testable.

**confisca** *vt.* confiscate, sequester, impound. ● *n.* confiscation.

**conflue** *vi.* converge; merge. ● *n.* convergence, confluence; merger.

**confluente** *adj.* confluent.

**confonde** *vt.* confound, puzzle, perplex, baffle, bewilder, mystify. ● *n.* puzzlement, perplexity, bafflement, bewilderment.

**confondeda** *adj.* puzzled, quizzical.

**conforma** *vi.* conform, match, hew. ● *n.* conformity. **conforma de sangue** crossmatching (*blood types*).

**conformante** *adj.* conforming, compliant.

**conformiste** *n.* conformist.

**confusa** *vt.* confuse, bewilder, muddle, addle, scramble. ● *n.* confusion, bewilderment, muddle, mix-up.

**confusable** *adj.* confusable, mistakable.

**confusada** *adj.* confused, muddled.

**confusador** *n.* scrambler.

**confusante** *adj.* confusing.

**confuzisme** *n.* Confucianism. See *Kongzi*.

**confuziste** *n.* Confucian.

**conga** *n.* conga (*dance*, *music*); conga drum.

**Congo** *n.* Congo (*region*). **Republica de Congo** Republic of the Congo. **Republica Democrata de Congo**Democratic Republic of the Congo. **Rio Congo** Congo River. See *Zaire*.

**congoles** *adj.* & *n.* Congolese.

**congrega** *n.* congregation (*religious*, *administrative*), flock. **congrega de sorsores** coven.

**congresa** *n.* congress.

**congresor** *n.* member of congress, congressman, congresswoman.

**congro** *n.* conger (*eel*: *Conger*).

**coniac**¹ *n.* cognac, brandy.

**coniac**² *n.* konjac, konjak, konnyaku, voodoo lily, elephant yam, devil’s tongue (*plant*: *Amorphophallus konjac*).

**conifer** *adj.* coniferous. ● *n.* conifer.

**conio** *n.* hemlock (*plant*, *poison*: *Conium maculatum*).

**conjela** *vi.* congeal.

**conjenital** *adj.* congenital.

**conjesta** *vi.* congest, engorge. ● *n.* congestion. **conjesta de nas** nasal congestion, stuffy nose. **conjesta de trafica** traffic congestion, traffic jam. **conjesta de troncos** logjam. **conjesta sin sorti** gridlock.

**conjestada** *adj.* congested, stuffy.

**conjestosa** *n.* bottleneck.

**conjuga** *vi.* conjugate. ● *n.* conjugation.

**conjunta** *n.* coordinating conjunction.

**conjuntiva** *n.* conjunctiva (*anatomy*).

**conjuntivite** *n.* conjunctivitis, pinkeye.

**Connecticut** [canéticat] *n.* Connecticut (*US state*).

**cono** *adj.* conic, conical. ● *n.* cone. **cono de pino** pinecone.

**conom** *n.* cognomen.

**conopofaje** *n.* gnateater (*bird*: *Conopophagidae*).

**conosal** *adj.* cognitive.

**conose** *vt.* know (*person*, *place*, *etc.*), be acquainted with, be familiar with (*by experience rather than learning*), cognize; e.g. *me conose tua sore*; *tu conose Roma?*; *el conose la problem ma no sabe la detalias*. ● *n.*knowledge (*of person*, *place*, *etc.*), acquaintance (*with*), familiarity. **comensa conose** get to know, become acquainted with, familiarize oneself with. **dona conose a** familiarize. **recomensa conose** become reacquainted with, refamilarize oneself with. See *sabe*.

**conoseda** *adj.* known, familiar. ● *n.* acquaintance (*person*). **conoseda como** known as, referred to as. **poca conoseda** little-known, esoteric.

**conosor** *n.* connoisseur, maven.

**conota** *vt.* connote. ● *n.* connotation.

**consela** *vt.* counsel, advise. ● *n.* counsel, advice.

**conselor** *n.* counselor, advisor, adviser, consultant. **conselor privata** confidant, confidante, confessor.

**consensa** *adj.* conscious, aware, mindful, lucid, cognizant.

**consensi** *vi.* become conscious, become aware. ● *vi.* make conscious, make aware.

**consensia** *n.* consciousness, awareness, mindfulness, lucidity, cognizance.

**consenta** *vi.* meet, be in session. ● *n.* meeting, session, sitting.

**consentra** *vi.* concentrate (*attention*, *substance*). ● *n.* concentration, focus.

**consentrador** *n.* hub (*computer*).

**consentral** *adj.* concentric.

**consepi** *vt.* conceive (*pregnancy*). ● *n.* conception.

**conserna** *vt.* concern, be important to, be of interest to; relate to, have to do with. ● *n.* concern, matter of importance, business, affair. **acel no conserna tu** that does not concern you. **acel no es tua conserna**that is none of your business, that is no concern of yours. **conserna xef** priority, prime concern.

**consernada** *adj.* concerned, solicitous.

**consernante** *prep.* concerning, regarding, with regard to.

**conserta** *n.* concert. **conserta de avias** dawn chorus.

**consertina** *n.* concertina.

**conserto** *n.* concerto.

**conserva** *vt.* conserve, preserve, store, enshrine. ● *n.* conservation, preservation. **conserva de fruta** preserve (*marmalade*). **conserva de natur** conservationism.

**conservalisme** *n.* conservatism (*political*).

**conservaliste** *adj.* & *n.* conservative (*political*).

**conservante** *n.* preservative.

**conserveria** *n.* conservation site, (*wildlife*) reserve.

**conservor** *n.* curator, conservator, guardian (*museum*, *collection*). **conservor de natur** conservationist.

**conseta** *n.* concept, conceit.

**consetable** *adj.* conceivable.

**consetal** *adj.* conceptual.

**conseti** *vi.* form as a concept. ● *vt.* conceive (*concept*), conceptualize. ● *n.* conception (*of concept*).

**considera** *vt.* consider, ponder, puzzle, mull, mull over; take into account. ● *n.* consideration. **considera tarda**afterthought. **considera xef** priority, most important consideration. **si on considera** if one considers, to judge by, judging by, going by.

**considerante** *adj.* considering; taking into account. **considerante ce** considering that, given that, as, since.

**consiensa** *n.* conscience.

**consiensosa** *adj.* conscientious, dutiful.

**consilio** *n.* council, cabinet (*political*). **consilio de ministros** government, cabinet (*political*). **consilio governante** government, cabinet (*political*). **consilio ombral** shadow government, shadow cabinet.

**consilior** *n.* councillor (US councilor).

**consinia** *vt.* consign. ● *n.* consignment.

**consinieria** *n.* consignment store.

**consisa** *adj.* concise, succinct, brief, compact, condensed, laconic, terse, pithy, snappy, to the point.

**consol** *n.* console, control panel, instrument bank.

**consola** *vt.* console, solace, comfort, cheer, support, soothe. ● *n.* consolation, solace, comfort, cheer, support.

**consolada** *adj.* consoled. **es consolada par** be consoled by, take solace in, find consolation in.

**consolador** *n.* dildo.

**consolida** *n.* larkspur (*plant*: *Consolida*).

**consolor** *n.* consoler (*person*).

**consonante** *adj.* consonant (*language*, *music*). ● *n.* consonante. **consonante con vose** voiced consonant.**consonante sin vose** voiceless consonant.

**conspira** *vi.* conspire, plot, scheme, collude, connive. ● *n.* conspiracy, intrigue, connivance, scheme, plot, machination, collusion. **teoria de conspira** conspiracy theory.

**conspiror** *n.* conspirator, schemer, plotter.

**constante** *adj.* constante, invariante, estable, steady, permanent. ● *n.* constant, invariant; coefficient.

**constela** *vi.* constellate. ● *n.* constellation.

**constipa** *vt.* constipate. ● *n.* constipation.

**constipada** *adj.* constipated.

**constitual** *adj.* constitutional.

**constitui** *vt.* constitute, establish. ● *n.* constitution, charter (*organization*).

**constrinje** *vt.* constrain, constrict, inhibit. ● *n.* constraint, condition, damper.

**constrinjeda** *adj.* constrained, inhibited, uptight, anal-retentive.

**constrinjente** *adj.* constraining, constricting. ● *n.* obstruent (*consonant*). **constrinjente de pompas de protones** proton-pump inhibitor.

**construeria** *n.* building site, construction site.

**construi** *vt.* build, construct. ● *n.* construction. **construi de petra** stonework, masonry. **en construi** under construction, in the works.

**construida** *n.* building, edifice.

**construinte** *adj.* building, constructing, constructive.

**construor** *n.* builder, constructor.

**consul** *n.* consul.

**consuleria** *n.* consulate.

**consulta** *vt.* consult. ● *n.* consultation.

**consuma** *vt.* consume, deplete, expend, exhaust, use up, spend, ingest. ● *n.* consumption, depletion; footprint (*software*).

**consumante** *adj.* consuming. **consumante de tempo** time-consuming.

**consumisme** *n.* materialism, consumerism.

**consumiste** *adj.* materialistic, consumerist. ● *n.* materialist, consumerist.

**consumor** *n.* consumer.

**conta** *vt.* count, enumerate. ● *n.* count (*action*, *amount*), quantity, tally; account (*bank*, *online*, *etc.*). **conta de abitores** census. **conta desendente** *v.* count down. ● *n.* countdown. **conta reversada** *v.* count down. ●*n.* countdown. **ultra conta** beyond count, countless, innumerable.

**contable** *adj.* countable.

**contablia** *n.* accounting, accountancy, bookkeeping.

**contador** *n.* counter (*device*). **contador de Geiger** Geiger counter.

**contagota** *n.* eyedropper.

**contajira** *n.* tachometer.

**contamina** *vt.* contaminate, pollute. ● *n.* contamination, pollution.

**contaminada** *adj.* contaminated, polluted.

**contaminante** *n.* contaminant, pollutant.

**contata** *vt.* contact, touch. ● *n.* contact, contiguity, touch.

**contatante** *adj.* contacting, touching, contiguous.

**conte** *n.* count, earl.

**contempla** *vt.* contemplate, gaze. ● *n.* contemplation. **contempla la stelas** stargaze.

**contemplante** *adj.* contemplating, contemplative.

**contempora** *adj.* & *n.* contemporary.

**contenador** *n.* container, holder, receptacle, caddy. **contenador secinte** desiccator.

**conteni** *vt.* contain.

**contenida** *n.* content. **contenidas** contents.

**conteninte** *adj.* containing; continent (*medical*).

**contente** *adj.* glad, content, satisfied.

**contentia** *n.* contentment.

**contesa** *n.* countess.

**contesto** *n.* context.

**contia** *n.* county, shire, earldom.

**continental** *adj.* continental.

**continente** *n.* continent, mainland.

**continua** *vi.* continue; e.g. *la labora continua*. ● *vt.* continue, perpetuate, carry on (*doing*), keep (*doing*), still be (*doing*); e.g. *el continua labora*; *el continua la labora*. ● *n.* continuity, continuum, continuation. **esta va continua** to be continued.

**continuante** *adj.* continuing, continuous, continual, contiguous.

**contor** *n.* counter, teller; accountant, bookkeeper.

**contorni** *vi.* be outlined, appear as an outline. ● *vt.* outline.

**contorno** *n.* contour, outline.

**contorse** *vi.* contort, squirm, writhe. ● *vt.* contort, distort, warp; misrepresent. ● *n.* contortion, distortion.

**contorsor** *n.* contortionist.

**contra** *prep.* • against, versus, opposing, opposed to (*something undesirable*); e.g. *batalia contra un enemi*; *tu ata contra mea desiras*; *secur contra acua*. • against (*a vertical surface*); e.g. *la scala sta contra la mur*; *la bisicliste ia cade contra la serca*. ● *pref.* contra-. **a contra** by contrast. **contra ce** although, while (*contrast*), whilst, despite the fact that. **contra esta** against this, however, nonetheless.

**contrabanda** *vt.* smuggle. ● *n.* smuggling; contraband. **contrabanda umana** human trafficking.

**contrabandor** *n.* smuggler, rumrunner.

**contrabaso** *n.* double bass.

**contracolpa** *n.* countercoup.

**contraconsepal** *adj.* & *n.* contraceptive. **contraconsepal intrauteral** intrauterine contraceptive device, IUD, coil.

**contraconsepi** *n.* contraception, birth control. **contraconsepi urjente** emergency contraception.

**contracultur** *n.* counterculture.

**contracultural** *adj.* counterculture, countercultural.

**contracusa** *vt.* recriminate. ● *n.* counteraccusation, recrimination.

**contrademostra** *vt.* disprove. ● *n.* disproof.

**contradise** *vt.* contradict. ● *n.* contradiction. **contradise se** contradict oneself.

**contradisente** *adj.* contradictory.

**contrae** *vi.* contract (*shrink*). ● *n.* contraction, spasm.

**contrafatal** *adj.* counterfactual.

**contraforte** *n.* buttress.

**contraindente** *vt.* apply a hanging indent to. ● *n.* hanging indent.

**contraindica** *vt.* contraindicate. ● *n.* contraindication.

**contrainteroga** *vt.* cross-examine. ● *n.* cross-examination.

**contralto** *adj.* & *n.* contralto (*music*).

**contramove** *vi.* parry, counteract.

**contraprodui** *vt.* be counterproductive, backfire.

**contraproduinte** *adj.* counterproductive.

**contrapuntal** *adj.* contrapuntal.

**contrapunto** *n.* counterpoint.

**contrarebela** *vi.* perform counterinsurgency. ● *n.* counterinsurgency.

**contrarebelor** *n.* counterinsurgent.

**contrareclama** *n.* counterclaim.

**contraspia** *vt.* perform counterespionage. ● *n.* counterespionage.

**contrasta** *vi.* & *n.* contrast. **en contrasta con** contrasted with, in contrast to, as opposed to. **par contrasta**by contrast, however, nevertheless, nonetheless.

**contrastada** *adj.* contrasted. **contrastada con** contrasted with, in contrast to, as opposed to.

**contrata** *vi.* (*enter into*) contract. ● *vt.* contract (*someone to do something*). ● *n.* contract, legal document; covenant. **contrata de asecura** insurance policy. **contrata de lua** lease. **contrata de paia** payment schedule.

**contrataca** *vt.* counterattack, retaliate against. ● *n.* counterattack, retaliation.

**contratal** *adj.* contractual.

**contraterorisme** *n.* counterterrorism.

**contrateroriste** *adj.* & *n.* counterterrorist.

**contrator** *n.* contractor.

**contrautopia** [contraütopia] *n.* dystopia.

**contrautopial** [contraütopial] *adj.* dystopian, Orwellian.

**contravenena** *n.* antidote.

**contri** *adj.* & *n.* country (*music*).

**contribui** *vt.* contribute. ● *n.* contribution; allowance, stipend.

**contribuor** *n.* contributor; taxpayer.

**controla** *vt.* control. ● *n.* control, thrall. **controla de trafica airal** air traffic control. **su controla de** under the control of, subject to.

**controlable** *adj.* controllable.

**controlada** *adj.* controlled.

**controlador** *n.* controller, driver (*software*). **controlador de aparato** device driver. **controlador de primador** printer driver.

**controlamanica** *adj.* & *n.* control freak.

**controlante** *adj.* controlling, in charge.

**controleria** *n.* control room.

**controlor** *n.* controller (*person*).

**controversa** *adj.* controversial, contentious. ● *n.* controversy (*something controversial*).

**controversia** *n.* controversy (*quality*).

**contusa** *vi.* bruise. ● *n.* bruise, contusion. **contusa serebral** concussion.

**conveni** *vi.* suit, be suitable, be appropriate; be compatible. ● *n.* suitability, appropriateness; compatibility.

**conveninte** *adj.* suitable, suited, proper, fit, appropriate, commensurate, expedient; compatible. ● *adv.* suitably, appropriately, duly. **conveninte per primi** suitable for printing, printer-friendly.

**converje** *vi.* converge. ● *n.* converging, convergence.

**converjente** *adj.* converging, convergent.

**conversa** *vi.* converse. ● *n.* conversation, dialogue (US dialog). **conversa intima** pillow talk. **conversa privata** private conversation, tête-à-tête. **conversa replicosa** witty conversation, repartee, badinage.

**conversal** *adj.* conversational, colloquial, casual.

**conversor** *n.* converser, interlocutor.

**convertable** *adj.* convertible.

**converti** *vi.* & *vt.* convert. ● *n.* conversion.

**convertida** *n.* convert.

**convesa** *adj.* convex.

**conveta** *vi.* convect. ● *n.* convection.

**convetante** *adj.* convective.

**convinse** *vt.* convince, persuade, cajole, disabuse, sway. ● *n.* convincing, persuading, persuasion.

**convinsente** *adj.* convincing, compelling, persuasive, plausible.

**convoia** *n.* convoy. **convoia de autos** motorcade. **convoia de furnis** supply convoy.

**convulsa** *vi.* convulse, spasm. ● *n.* convulsion, spasm.

**convulsante** *adj.* convulsive, jerky.

**Cook, Isolas** *n.pl.* Cook Islands.

**coopera** *vi.* cooperate, liaise. ● *n.* cooperation, teamwork.

**cooperante** *adj.* cooperating, cooperative.

**coordina** *vt.* coordinate. ● *n.* coordination.

**coordinada** *n.* coordinate. **coordinada cartesian** Cartesian coordinate. **coordinada x** x-coordinate.**coordinada y** y-coordinate.

**copa** *n.* cup (*without handles*), goblet, beaker. **Copa** *n.* Crater (*constellation*). **copa de forno** ramekin, ramequin. **copa de portaseno** bra cup.

**copec** *n.* kopek (*currency*).

**copernisio** *n.* copernicium (*element*).

**copi** *vt.* cup, scoop, bail.

**copia** *vt.* copy, replicate, transfer. ● *n.* copy, replica. **copia de securia** backup copy. **copia e coli** *v.* & *n.* copy and paste, cut and paste. **copia esata** *v.* replicate. ● *n.* replication. **copia per securia** back up, make a backup copy of.

**copiador** *n.* copier.

**copilote** *n.* copilot.

**copin** *adj.* cuplike, cupped, cup-shaped.

**copior** *n.* copier, copyist.

**coprolito** *n.* coprolith, coprolite.

**copta** *adj.* copto (*cristiandad*). ● *n.* copto.

**copula** *vi.* copulate, mate, have sex. ● *n.* copulation, coitus, mating, lovemaking, sex.

**cor** *n.* heart (*including cards*), core, kernel; crux. **cor de pais** heartland. **sin cor** heartless.

**coraje** *n.* courage, bravery, valour (US valor), nerve. **sin coraje** cowardly, gutless, spineless.

**coraji** *vt.* encourage, urge, exhort, embolden, foster, hearten. ● *n.* encouragement, exhortation.

**corajinte** *adj.* hortative, exhortative, exhortatory.

**corajosa** *adj.* brave, courageous, valorous, valiant, bold, plucky, feisty, gutsy, stout-hearted.

**coral**¹ *n.* coral. **Mar Coral** Coral Sea.

**coral**² *adj.* choral. ● *n.* chorale.

**corasa** *n.* cuirass.

**corasida** *n.* battleship, dreadnought (*warship*).

**Corcovado** *n.* Corcovado. **Golfo Corcovado** Corcovado Gulf.

**corda** *n.* cord, rope, lanyard; chord (*geometry*). **corda de abri** ripcord. **corda de campana** bell pull, bell rope. **corda de salva** lifeline. **corda de vestes** clothesline. **corda elastica** elastic cord, bungee, bungee rope. **corda ombilical** umbilical cord. **corda tensada** tightrope. **corda vosal** vocal cord. **sin corda**cordless.

**cordato** *n.* chordate (*organism*: *Chordata*).

**cordeta** *n.* string, twine; shoelace, shoestring, bootlace; thin strap. **cordeta fronsinte** drawstring.

**cordetin** *adj.* stringy.

**cordi** *vt.* & *n.* cordon.

**cordita** *n.* cordite.

**cordon** *n.* thick rope, cable, hawser.

**core** *vi.* run, flow. ● *n.* run (*including cricket*), running. **core de distantia longa** *v.* run long-distance. ● *n.*long-distance running, endurance running. **core lenta** *v.* jog. ● *n.* jog, jogging. **core sin restrinje** careen, career, hurtle. **core tra bates** run the gauntlet. **core tra campania** cross-country running.

**corea**¹ *n.* leash, strap, thong. **lia con corea** leash, strap.

**corea**² *n.* chorea (*medical*).

**Corea**³ *n.* Korea. **Baia Corea** Korea Bay, Korean Bay. **Corea Norde** North Korea. **Corea Sude** South Korea.**Streta Corea** Korea Strait. See *Tehan*, *Txoson*.

**corean** *adj.* & *n.* Korean (*person*, *language*). See *hangugo*.

**coredor** *n.* corridor, aisle, passageway, hall, hallway. **coredor de mori** death row. **coredor esterna**breezeway.

**coregon** *n.* whitefish (*Coregoninae*).

**corein** *adj.* straplike.

**corelata** *vi.* correlate. ● *n.* correlation.

**corente**¹ *adj.* current, ongoing, topical, present, up to date. ● *adv.* currently, nowadays. **corente dominante**mainstream. **corente traversal** crosscurrent. **corente xef** mainstream.

**corente**² *n.* current (*water*, *electricity*); courante (*dance*, *music*). **con la corente** downstream. **contra la corente** upstream. **corente alternante** alternating current, AC. **corente de aira** airstream. **corente de jeta** jet stream. **corente direta** direct current, DC. **corente eletrical** electric current.

**corenti** *vt.* update, bring up to date.

**coreografia** *n.* choreography.

**coreografiste** *n.* choreographer.

**coresponde** *vi.* correspond, match (*communicate*, *be equivalent*). ● *n.* correspondence, equivalence.

**corespondente** *adj.* corresponding, equivalent, matching. ● *n.* correspondent (*letter writer*, *reporter*); counterpart, equivalent, answer (*to*).

**coreta** *adj.* correct, right; appropriate, proper, impeccable.

**coretable** *adj.* correctable, corrigible.

**coreti** *vi.* become correct. ● *vt.* correct; proofread, emend. ● *n.* correction, discipline.

**coretia** *n.* correctness.

**coretor** *n.* corrector, proofreader, copyreader.

**corevisor** *n.* coeditor.

**corgi** *n.* corgi.

**coriandro** *n.* coriander (*plant*, *spice*), cilantro, Chinese parsley (*Coriandrum sativum*).

**corin** *adj.* heartlike, heart-shaped, cordate.

**corindon** *n.* corundum (*crystal*).

**corion** *n.* chorion (*biology*).

**corional** *adj.* chorionic.

**coriste** *n.* chorister.

**cormo** *n.* corm (*botany*).

**cormoran** *n.* cormorant, shag (*Phalacrocoracidae*).

**cornalina** *n.* carnelian (*gem*).

**cornamusa** *n.* bagpipe, bagpipes. **cornamusa eres** uilleann pipes.

**cornamusor** *n.* piper.

**cornea** *n.* cornea.

**corneal** *adj.* corneal.

**corneo** *n.* dogwood (*plant*, *wood*: *Cornus*).

**corneta** *n.* cornet (*musical instrument*). **corneta engles** English horn. **corneta natural** bugle, natural trumpet, natural cornet.

**cornetor** *n.* bugler.

**cornin** *adj.* horny, hornlike.

**cornisa** *n.* ledge, sill, cornice. **cornisa de fenetra** windowsill. **cornisa de foco** hob (*surface beside a fire*).

**corno** *n.* horn (*animal*, *music*), antler. **corno alpan** Alphorn, Alpenhorn. **corno de abunda** cornucopia, horn of plenty. **corno de servo** antler.

**coro** *n.* chorus, choir.

**corode** *vi.* corrode. ● *n.* corrosion.

**corodente** *adj.* corroding, corrosive, caustic.

**corola** *n.* corolla (*botany*).

**corolario** *n.* corollary.

**corona** *n.* crown. **Corona Norde** Corona Borealis (*constellation*). **Corona Sude** Corona Australis (*constellation*).

**coronel** *n.* colonel.

**coroneta** *n.* coronet, tiara, diadem.

**coroni** *vt.* crown. ● *n.* crowning, coronation.

**coronin** *adj.* crownlike, crown-shaped.

**coror** *n.* runner, jogger.

**corpal** *adj.* corporal, corporeal, somatic.

**corpeta** *n.* corpuscle.

**corpi** *vi.* become embodied. ● *vt.* embody, be the embodiment of. ● *n.* embodiment.

**corpin** *adj.* bodylike, close-fitting, figure-hugging, form-fitting, tight-fitting, skintight.

**corpo** *n.* body (*person*, *animal*, *vehicle*); corps (*military*); corpus (*texts*). **corpo de comunica** signals corps.**corpo mamelin** mammillary body. **corpo mor** dead body, corpse, cadaver, carcass. **de corpo capas**able-bodied. **sin corpo** bodiless, disembodied, incorporeal.

**corpora** *vi.* incorporate. ● *n.* incorporation; corporation, guild; corporate (*company*).

**corsa** *vi.* race. ● *n.* race; racing. **corsa de autos** motor racing, car racing, auto racing. **corsa de cavalos** horse race; horseracing. **corsa de dragsteres** drag race. **corsa de orienta** orienteering. **corsa de ostaculos**hurdle race. **corsa de rele** relay race. **corsa de salta** steeplechase. **corsa de sci** cross-country skiing.

**Corse** *n.* Corsica.

**corseto** *n.* corset, girdle, bodice.

**corsetor** *n.* corsetiere.

**corsor** *n.* racer. **corsor de ostaculos** hurdler.

**corsu** *adj.* & *n.* Corsican (*person*, *language*).

**corta** *adj.* short, brief, stubby. **corta pos** shortly after. **pos corta** soon, shortly.

**cortador** *n.* clippers (*electric*).

**corte** *n.* court (*law*, *royal*); courthouse, courtroom. **corte de apela** court of appeal, appellate court. **corte militar** court martial, military court. **corte suprema** supreme court.

**cortea** *vt.* court, woo, date. ● *n.* courtship, date, dating.

**corteal** *adj.* courting, dating. **compete corteal** *v.* & *n.* rut. **mostra corteal** courtship display. **periodo corteal** mating season, rut, oestrus (US estrus).

**corteor** *n.* date, wooer, suitor.

**cortes** *adj.* courteous, polite, cordial, decorous, urbane.

**cortesan** *n.* courtesan, hetaera.

**cortesia** *n.* courtesy, politeness, civility, etiquette, manners, decorum, propriety. **cortesia de rede** netiquette.

**cortex** *n.* cortex; bark (*tree*). **cortex de tanin** tanbark. **cortex serebral** cerebral cortex.

**cortexal** *adj.* cortical.

**corti** *vi.* shorten. ● *vt.* shorten, cut short, trim, prune, crop, lop, abbreviate, abridge, curtail. ● *n.* trim, abbreviation (*action*, *result*). **corti de barba** shave. **corti de capeles** haircut. **corti de perspetiva**foreshortening. **corti la barba** shave. **corti la erba** cut the grass, mow the lawn.

**cortia** *n.* brevity.

**corticosteroide** *adj.* & *n.* corticosteroid.

**cortierba** *n.* lawnmower, mower. **cortierba puiable** push mower, unmotorized lawnmower.

**cortina** *n.* curtain, drape. **cortina alta** valance. **cortina enrolante** window blind, window shade. **cortina venezian** venetian blind, jalousie. **cortinas** curtains, drapery. **sin cortina** uncurtained.

**cortisona** *n.* cortisone (*hormone*).

**cortiungia** *n.* nail clipper.

**cortor** *n.* cutter, mower (*person*).

**Corvatsca** *n.* Croatia.

**corvatsce** *adj.* & *n.* Croatian (*person*, *language*).

**corveta** *n.* corvette (*ship*).

**corvo** *n.* crow, raven (*Corvus*). **Corvo** *n.* Corvus (*constellation*). **corvo american** American crow (*Corvus brachyrhynchos*). **corvo blanca-negra** pied crow (*Corvus albus*). **corvo comun** carrion crow (*Corvus corone*). **corvo de jungla** jungle crow (*Corvus macrorhynchos*). **corvo gris** hooded crow, hoodie (*Corvus cornix*). **corvo pexante** fish crow (*Corvus ossifragus*).

**corvon** *n.* raven (*Corvus albicollis*, *Corvus corax*, *Corvus crassirostris*, *Corvus ruficollis*, etc.).

**cosa**¹ *n.* thing, affair, matter, entity. **no cosa** nothing. **no cosa plu ca** nothing more than, merely, simply, just.

**cosa**² *adj.* & *n.* Xhosa (*person*, *language*).

**cosador** *n.* sewing machine.

**coscrive** *vt.* co-write, coauthor.

**coscrivor** *n.* co-writer, coauthor.

**cose** *vt.* sew, stitch. ● *n.* sewing, stitching, needlework. **cose de orlo** hemstitch. **cose laxe** baste.

**coseda** *adj.* sewn, stitched. **coseda par mano** handsewn, handstitched.

**cosina** *n.* kitchen.

**cosinal** *adj.* culinary.

**cosineta** *n.* kitchenette.

**cosineto** *n.* bearing (*machinery*).

**cosini** *vt.* cook. ● *n.* cooking, cookery, cuisine, cooking style. **cosini refinada** haute cuisine.

**cosinor** *n.* cook.

**cosinus** *n.* cosine.

**cosix** *n.* coccyx, tailbone.

**cosmetica** *adj.* & *n.* cosmetic.

**cosmetolojia** *n.* cosmetology.

**cosmetolojiste** *n.* cosmetologist.

**cosmogonia** *n.* cosmogony.

**cosmolojia** *n.* cosmology.

**cosmolojiste** *n.* cosmologist.

**cosor** *n.* sewer, seamster, seamstress.

**cosovan** *adj.* & *n.* Kosovan.

**Cosovo** *n.* Kosovo.

**cosponsor** *n.* cosponsor.

**cosponsori** *vt.* cosponsor.

**costa** *n.* coast, shore, seashore, seacoast, waterside. **a lado de costa** off the coast. **Costa de Ivor** Ivory Coast, Côte d’Ivoire. **Costa Rica** Costa Rica. **sin costa** landlocked. See *ivorian*.

**costal** *adj.* coastal, littoral, offshore. ● *adv.* offshore.

**costarican** *adj.* & *n.* Costa Rican, Costarican.

**costela**¹ *n.* rib; chop (*meat*). **costela de porco** pork rib, spare rib.

**costela**² *n.* co-star.

**costeleta** *n.* cutlet.

**costelin** *adj.* ribbed, corded. ● *n.* rib, ridge, wale (*fabric*).

**costudiante** *n.* fellow student.

**costum** *n.* custom, routine, usage, social convention.

**costumal** *adj.* customary, default, pro forma. ● *adv.* customarily.

**costur** *n.* seam. **costur interna** inseam.

**costurin** *adj.* seamlike.

**cosuscrive** *vt.* cosign.

**cosuscrivor** *n.* cosigner, cosignatory.

**cotanjente** *n.* cotangent.

**cotel** *n.* knife, shiv. **colpa con cotel** *v.* & *n.* stab, jab. **cotel composada** Swiss army knife. **cotel de pox**pocket knife, folding knife, jackknife, penknife. **cotel de xef** chef’s knife. **cotel ejetable** flick knife, switchblade. **cotel osilante** herb chopper, mezzaluna, hachoir.

**coteli** *vt.* cut, stab (*with knife*).

**cotiledon** *n.* cotyledon (*botany*).

**cotinga** *n.* cotinga (*bird*: *Cotingidae*).

**cotino** *n.* smoke tree (*Cotinus*).

**coto** *n.* koto (*musical instrument*).

**coton** *n.* cotton (*plant*, *fibre*: *Gossypium*). **coton asorbente** cotton wool. **coton de zucar** cotton candy, candyfloss. **de coton** (*made of*) cotton.

**coturnix** *n.* quail (*bird*: *Coturnix*).

**covalente** *adj.* covalent.

**covre** *vt.* cover, coat. ● *n.* coverage, coat, coating. **a covre de** covering, coating, all over. **covre completa** full coverage. **covre partal** overlap.

**covrebuco** *n.* stopgap.

**covrecasola** *n.* saucepan lid.

**covrecolo** *n.* neckscarf; gorget (*throat protector*).

**covrecuxin** *n.* cushion cover, pillowcase.

**covreda** *adj.* covered, overcast.

**covrefenetra** *n.* shutter.

**covregama** *n.* legging (*protective*).

**covrejeno** *n.* kneepad.

**covreleto** *n.* blanket, quilt, duvet.

**covrelibro** *n.* dust jacket.

**covrente** *adj.* covering, coating. ● *prep.* covering, coating, all over. ● *n.* cover, covering, lid, top. **covrente desfisable** slipcover.

**covreoio** *n.* eyepatch.

**covreorea** *n.* earmuff, earmuffs.

**covrepeto** *n.* bib (*overalls*).

**covreplato** *n.* dish cover.

**covresentro** *n.* hubcap.

**covreseso** *n.* loincloth, breechcloth, breechclout; cache-sexe.

**covreta** *n.* placket; fly, flies.

**covretable** *n.* tablecloth.

**covretesta** *n.* headgear, headwear.

**covreteta** *n.* nipple shield; pastie.

**covretibia** *n.* shinpad, shinguard.

**covretota** *n.* overalls, coverall, boilersuit, jumpsuit.

**covrevaso** *n.* tea cosy.

**covreveranda** *n.* awning.

**coxa** *n.* thigh.

**coxea** *vi.* limp, hobble. ● *n.* limp.

**coxeante** *adj.* lame, gimpy; shaky, wobbly, rickety, wonky.

**coxeor** *n.* limper, gimp.

**coxinilia** *n.* scale insect (*Coccoidea*).

**cozac** *adj.* & *n.* Cossack.

**cozatxoc** *n.* kozachok, kazachok (*dance*).

**crabe** *n.* crab (*Brachyura*). **Crabe** *n.* Cancer (*constellation*). **crabe de rio** crayfish (*Astacoidea*,*Parastacoidea*).

**crac**¹ *n.* & *interj.* crack, crunch, snap.

**crac**² *n.* crack, crack cocaine.

**cracen** *n.* kraken.

**cracer** *n.* cracker, saltine.

**craci** *vi.* & *vt.* crack, crunch, scrunch, snap.

**cracinte** *adj.* crunchy.

**cracosa** *adj.* crunchy, crisp, crispy.

**crampo** *n.* cramp (*muscle*).

**crampon** *n.* crampon, stud (*boot*).

**cranial** *adj.* cranial.

**cranio** *n.* skull, cranium.

**crase** *vt.* crush, squash, mash, crumple, flatten, smash, run over. ● *n.* crushing, squashing. **crase su pede** crush under foot, trample, tread on.

**crasenoza** *n.* nutcracker (*Nucifraga*).

**crasula** *n.* jade plant, friendship tree, lucky plant, money tree (*Crassula ovata*).

**crater** *n.* crater. **crater volcanal** caldera.

**craton** *n.* craton (*geology*).

**cravata** *n.* necktie, tie. **cravata papilin** bow tie.

**crea** *vt.* create, make, craft, cause to exist. ● *n.* creation (*action*); genesis. **crea corente** improvisation.

**creada** *adj.* created. ● *n.* creature, creation (*product*).

**creante** *adj.* creating, creative.

**credable** *adj.* believable, credible, plausible.

**credablia** *n.* credibility.

**crede** *vt.* believe. ● *n.* belief, creed, credo, doctrine, conviction. **crede falsa** fallacy. **no crede** disbelieve.

**credito** *n.* credit (*money*). **par credito** on credit.

**creditor** *n.* creditor.

**credor** *n.* believer.

**credosa** *adj.* credulous, gullible, trusting, superstitious.

**credosia** *n.* credulity.

**crema** *adj.* cream (*colour*). ● *n.* cream, lotion. **crema ardeda** crème brûlée, burnt cream, Trinity cream.**crema asida** sour cream. **crema baieres** Bavarian cream, bavarois. **crema bateda** whipped cream.**crema catalan** crema catalana. **crema de bur** buttercream. **crema de caramel** crème caramel, caramel custard, caramel pudding, flan. **crema de la crema** crème de la crème. **crema de menta** crème de menthe. **crema de ovos** custard. **crema de rasa** shaving cream, shaving foam. **crema de sosia** cream of society, high society. **crema de zucar** marshmallow cream, marshmallow topping. **crema engles** crème anglaise, custard. **crema italian** panna cotta. **crema jelada** ice cream. **crema rojinte** rouge. **crema solal** suncream, sunblock.

**cremeria** *n.* creamery.

**cremeta** *n.* custard.

**cremi** *vt.* cream (*add cream to*).

**cremin** *adj.* creamy (*creamlike*).

**cremosa** *adj.* creamy (*full of cream*).

**creol** *adj.* & *n.* creole. **creol aitian** *adj.* & *n.* Haitian Creole, Kreyol Ayisyen.

**creor** *n.* creator.

**creosa** *adj.* creative.

**creosia** *n.* creativity.

**creosota** *n.* creosote.

**crepe** *n.* crêpe, pancake, flapjack, hotcake.

**crepita** *vi.* & *n.* crackle, sizzle.

**crese** *vi.* & *vt.* grow, develop, expand, increase. ● *n.* growth, development, expansion; growth (*thing that has naturally grown*), excrescence. **crese dentes** teethe. **crese rapida** grow quickly, burgeon.

**cresedas** *n.pl.* produce (*fruit and vegetables*).

**cresente** *adj.* growing, increasing. ● *adv.* increasingly, more and more, ever more. ● *n.* crescent; croissant; crescendo. **sempre cresente** ever growing, ever increasing.

**creson** *n.* cress (*Brassicaceae*). **creson de acua** watercress (*Nasturtium*).

**crespa** *adj.* frizzy.

**crespi** *vi.* & *vt.* frizz.

**cresta** *n.* crest (*wave*, *bird*, *heraldic*), ridge. **cresta de gal** cockscomb. **cresta de la arte** state of the art.**cresta de la tecnolojia** state of the art. **cresta de neva** snowbank. **cresta sajital** sagittal crest. **cresta spumosa** whitecap.

**cresti** *vi.* crest (*wave*).

**creta** *n.* chalk.

**cretasica** *adj.* & *n.* Cretaceous (*geology*).

**creti** *vt.* chalk (*up*).

**cretin** *adj.* cretinous. ● *n.* cretin.

**creve** *vi.* burst, puncture. ● *n.* puncture. **creve de cor** heartbreak.

**crevecor** *n.* heartbreaker; tearjerker.

**creveda** *adj.* burst, punctured. **con cor creveda** heartbroken.

**cri** *adj.* & *n.* Cree (*person*, *language*).

**cria** *vt.* & *n.* cry, shout, scream, yell, yelp, bawl, outcry. **cria burlante** jeer, catcall.

**cribaje** *n.* cribbage (*card game*).

**criceta** *n.* cricket (*sport*).

**criceto** *n.* hamster (*Cricetinae*).

**cricetor** *n.* cricketer.

**crici** *vt.* jack up.

**crico** *n.* jack (*for lifting*).

**crieta** *vt.* & *n.* whimper.

**cril** *n.* krill (*crustacean*).

**Crim** *n.* Crimea.

**crimin** *n.* crime, offence (US offense). **crimin de gera** war crime. **crimin de odia** hate crime. **crimin major**felony. **crimin minor** misdemeanour (US misdemeanor). **crimin organizada** organized crime, mob, racket.

**criminal** *adj.* criminal, delinquent, nefarious.

**criminali** *vi.* & *vt.* criminalize.

**criminalia** *n.* criminality; underworld.

**criminolojia** *n.* criminology.

**criminor** *n.* & *n.* criminal, delinquent, lawbreaker, malefactor, hoodlum, felon, crook.

**crimsce** *adj.* & *n.* Crimean.

**-crin** *adj.suff.* -crine (*secreting*).

**crinera** *n.* mane, mop (*hair*); horsehair.

**crinoide** *n.* crinoid (*organism*: *Crinoidea*).

**criofilia** *n.* cryophilia.

**criofilica** *adj.* cryophilic. ● *n.* cryophile.

**criojen** *adj.* cryogenic, cryonic.

**crior** *n.* crier, shouter; screamer (*bird*: *Anhimidae*).

**criosirurjia** *n.* cryosurgery.

**criovolcan** *n.* cryovolcano.

**criovolcanisme** *n.* cryovolcanism.

**cripto-** *pref.* crypto-.

**criptografia** *n.* cryptography, cryptology.

**criptografiste** *n.* cryptographer, cryptologist.

**cripton** *n.* krypton.

**criptonita** *n.* kryptonite.

**cris** *n.* kris (*dagger*).

**crisalida** *n.* chrysalis, pupa.

**crisantemo** *n.* chrysanthemum (*Chrysanthemum*).

**crise** *n.* crisis, emergency. **crise coler** temper tantrum. **crise mental** mental breakdown, nervous breakdown.

**crisol** *n.* crucible, melting pot.

**crisopa** *n.* lacewing (*insect*: *Chrysopidae*).

**cristal** *adj.* crystalline. ● *n.* crystal. **cristal licuida** liquid crystal.

**cristali** *vi.* & *vt.* crystallize, effloresce. ● *n.* crystallization.

**cristalografia** *n.* crystallography.

**cristian** *adj.* & *n.* cristiano. **mundo cristian** cristiandad.

**cristiani** *vi.* & *vt.* cristianizar. ● *n.* Christianization.

**cristianisme** *n.* cristianismo.

**Cristo** *n.* Cristo.

**criterio** *n.* criterion (pl. criteria).

**Criti** *n.* Creta.

**critica**¹ *vt.* criticize, reproach, lambast, tell off, henpeck; critique. ● *n.* criticism, reproach, sideswipe; critique.

**critica**² *adj.* & *n.* Cretan.

**criticante** *adj.* critical, mordant, trenchant.

**criticiste** *n.* critic (*art*).

**criticor** *n.* critic, opponent.

**Crixna** *n.* Krishna.

**crixnaisme** [crixnaïsme] *n.* Krishnaism, Hare Krishna.

**crixnaiste** [crixnaïste] *adj.* & *n.* Krishnaist.

**croceta**¹ *n.* croqueta (*food*).

**croceta**² *n.* croquet (*game*, *shot*).

**croco** *n.* crocus (*Crocus*).

**crocodil** *n.* cocodrilo (*Crocodylidae*).

**cromatica** *adj.* cromático.

**cromato** *n.* chromate (*chemistry*).

**cromi** *vt.* chrome-plate, chromium-plate.

**cromida** *adj.* chrome-plated, chromium-plated. ● *n.* chrome.

**cromo**¹ *n.* chromium.

**cromo-**² *pref.* chromo-.

**cromorno** *n.* krummhorn (*musical instrument*).

**cromosoma** *n.* chromosome.

**cronica** *adj.* chronic (*medical*).

**crono-** *pref.* crono-.

**cronolojia** *n.* cronologia
.

**cronolojial** *adj.* chronological.

**cronolojiste** *n.* chronologist.

**cronometre** *n.* chronometer, stopwatch, timer.

**cronometri** *vt.* time. ● *n.* timing, measurement of time.

**cronometriste** *n.* timekeeper.

**crosta** *n.* crust, scab, rind (*cheese*).

**crosti** *vi.* & *vt.* encrust, cake. ● *n.* encrustation.

**crostosa** *adj.* crusty.

**crotal** *n.* rattlesnake, rattler (*Crotalus*, *Sistrurus*).

**croxe** *vt.* crochet.

**cru** *adj.* raw, uncooked, crude, gross.

**cruel** *adj.* cruel, ruthless, vicious, cut-throat.

**cruelia** *n.* cruelty, ruthlessness, viciousness.

**cruji** *vi.*, *vt.* & *n.* creak (*low-pitched*), groan.

**crujinte** *adj.* creaking, creaky.

**crumpeta** *n.* crumpet (*cake*).

**crup** *n.* croup (*medical*).

**crus** *n.* cross; crucifix. **Crus** *n.* Crux (*constellation*). **crus de vias** crossroads. **Crus Roja** Red Cross.

**crusa** *vi.* cross, intersect. ● *n.* crossing, intersection. **crusa plana** level crossing, grade crossing. **crusa sua brasos** cross one’s arms, fold one’s arms. **crusa sua gamas** cross one’s legs.

**crusada** *vi.* & *n.* crusade.

**crusador** *n.* crusader.

**crusante** *adj.* crossing, intersecting, crisscross.

**crusca** *n.* bran.

**cruser** *adj.* cruising. ● *n.* cruiser (*warship*). **cruser de batalia** battlecruiser (*warship*).

**crusi** *vt.* crucify. ● *n.* crucifixion.

**crusin** *adj.* crosslike, cross-shaped, cruciform.

**crustaseo** *n.* crustacean, shellfish (*Curstacea*).

**crut** *n.* crwth (*musical instrument*).

**cruton** *n.* crouton.

**ctenoforo** *n.* ctenophore (*organism*: *Ctenophora*).

**cuac** *interj.* quack (*duck*); ribbit (*frog*).

**cuaci** *vi.* & *n.* quack; croak.

**cuadrador** *n.* set square, carpenter’s square. **Cuadrador** *n.* Norma (*constellation*).

**cuadral** *adj.* quadratic, square (*root*).

**cuadrante** *n.* quadrant.

**cuadri** *vi.* square, become square. ● *vt.* square, make square.

**cuadrida** *adj.* squared.

**cuadrilia** *n.* quadrille (*dance*, *music*).

**cuadro** *adj.* & *n.* square, check.

**cuadrosa** *adj.* checked, checkered.

**cuaga** *n.* quagga (*zebra*: *Quagga quagga*).

**cuai** *n.* chopstick.

**Cuait** [cüait] *n.* Kuwait.

**cuaiti** [cüaiti] *adj.* & *n.* Kuwaiti.

**cual** *det.* (*interrogative*) what, which. ● *pron.* (*interrogative*) what, which, which one; (*relative*) which, that (*cannot be omitted*); e.g. *un ata cual merita es lodada*; *la vino cual tu bevi es multe vea*. **cual cosa?** what, which thing? **cual de enferno?** what the hell? **cual de mundo?** what on earth? **cual es la data?** what is the date? **cual es la ora?** what is the time? **de cual … sua** whose, of which; e.g. *me no ave plu la caxa de cual tu ia trova sua covrente*. **sur cual … lo** (*interrogative*) about what … it?; (*relative*) which, that … it; e.g. *sur cual el ia demanda esce me gusta lo?*; *esta es la libro sur cual me ia dise ce me va mostra lo a tu*. — English tends to use a more compressed structure for such sentences than is possible in Elefen, saying *what was he asking if I liked?* and *this is is the book which I said I would show you*.

**cualce** *det.* any (*at all*), whichever (*you like*); e.g. *prende cualce carta*; *cualce vestes va sufisi*. ● *pron.* any (*no matter which*), whichever; so-and-so. **a cualce caso** in any case, anyhow, anyway, nonetheless, nevertheless. **a cualce ora** at any time of the day (*at all*), whenever (*you like*). **a cualce ves** on any occasion (*at all*), at any time, whenever (*you like*), ever. **cualce cosa** anything (*at all*), whatever (*you like*).**cualces** any (*people or things*, *optional plural pronoun*). **en cualce loca** anywhere (*at all*), wherever (*you like*). **en cualce modo** in any way (*at all*), by any means (*you like*), in whatever way.

**cualcun** *pron.* anyone, anybody (*doesn’t matter who*), whoever (*you like*), whosoever. ● *n.* everyman, man in the street. **cualcun ci** anyone who, whoever.

**cuale** *n.* quale (*philosophy*).

**cuali** *vi.* qualify (*for something*), be eligible (*for something*). ● *vt.* qualify (*someone for something*, *grammar*). ●*n.* qualification.

**cualia** *n.* quality, feature, trait, attribute, property, characteristic, aura. **cualia de labora** quality of work, workmanship. **cualia de parla** quality of speech, diction. **cualia de vive** quality of life, well-being, welfare.**cualia spesial** feature, special feature. **cualia unica** idiosyncrasy. **cualias nesesada** necessary qualities, right stuff. **de cualia alta** high-quality, vintage. **sin cualias** featureless.

**cualial** *adj.* qualitative.

**cualinte** *adj.* qualifying, eligible. ● *n.* qualifier (*grammar*).

**cuando** *adv.* (*interrogative*) when; (*relative*) at which time; e.g. *cuando nos va parti?*; *me no sabe cuando me va reveni*; *febrero, cuando la aira es fria*. ● *subord.* when; e.g. *nos va parti cuando la sol reposa*; *me ia come ante cuando vos ia ariva*. **a cuando** as (*at the moment when*). **ante cuando** before (*the time when*). **asta cuando** until, till (*the time when*). **de cuando** since the time when, ever since. **en cuando**while, whilst, as, during the time when. **estra cuando** except when, unless. **pos cuando** after (*the time when*). **sempre cuando** whenever.

**cuanti** *vt.* quantify. ● *n.* quantification.

**cuantia** *n.* quantity, amount, magnitude; number (*quantity*, *not position in sequence*). **cuantia de abitores**population (*figure*). **cuantia de mores** death toll. **cuantia de regardores** audience size, ratings, viewing figures. **cuantia persental** percentage.

**cuantial** *adj.* quantitative.

**cuanto**¹ *det.* & *adv.* (*interrogative*) how many, how much. ● *subord.* as many as, as much as, inasmuch as, as far as, so far as, to the extent that; e.g. *el ia aida cuanto el ia pote*. **per cuanto tempo** how much time, how long (*intended*); e.g. *per cuanto tempo tu va labora?* **tra cuanto tempo** how much time, how long (*elapsed*); e.g. *tra cuanto tempo tu abita ja asi?*

**cuanto**² *n.* quantum. **cuantos** quanta.

**cuarc** *n.* quark. **cuarc alta** top quark. **cuarc asendente** up quark. **cuarc basa** bottom quark. **cuarc desendente** down quark. **cuarc encantada** charm quark. **cuarc strana** strange quark.

**cuaresma** *n.* lent (*Christianity*).

**cuaresmal** *adj.* lenten.

**cuarzo** *n.* quartz.

**cuasar** *n.* quasar.

**cuasi** *adv.* almost, nearly, virtually, practically, not quite, just less than. ● *pref.* quasi-. **cuasi cadun** almost everyone.

**cuatri** *vi.* quarter. ● *n.* quarter, fourth (*fraction*). ● *pref.* quarter-. **Cuatri Vacua** Empty Quarter, Rub al Khali, Great Sandy Desert.

**cuatrida** *adj.* quartered; quarto (*book size*).

**cuatrigalon** *n.* quart.

**cuatrim** *n.* 25-cent piece, quarter, farthing (*coin*).

**cuatrinegra** *adj.* & *n.* quadroon.

**cuatro** *det.* four. ● *adj.* fourth (*ordinal*). ● *pref.* quadr-, quadri-.

**cuatroangulo** *adj.* quadrangular. ● *n.* quadrangle.

**cuatrodes** *det.* forty. ● *adj.* fortieth (*ordinal*).

**cuatrodesi** *n.* fortieth (*fraction*).

**cuatrojemelo** *adj.* & *n.* quadruplet.

**cuatroladal** *adj.* quadrilateral, quadrangular. ● *n.* quadrilateral, quadrangle.

**cuatronaria** *adj.* quaternary.

**cuatropede** *adj.* quadrupedal. ● *n.* quadruped.

**cuatruple** *adj.* quadruple. ● *n.* quartet, foursome.

**cuaxiorcor** *n.* kwashiorkor (*medical*).

**Cuba** *n.* Cuba.

**cuban** *adj.* & *n.* Cuban.

**cubi** *vi.* become a cube. ● *vt.* cube.

**cubida** *adj.* cubed, to the third power.

**cubisme** *n.* cubism.

**cubiste** *adj.* & *n.* cubist.

**cubo** *adj.* cubic, cubical. ● *n.* cube.

**cucabura** *n.* kookaburra (*Dacelo*).

**cucaraxa** *n.* cockroach, roach (*Blattaria*).

**cuci** *n.* cookie (*web*).

**cucu** *n.* cuckoo (*Cuculidae*).

**cucui** *n.* candlenut, candleberry (*tree*: *Aleurites moluccana*).

**cucurucu** *interj.* cock-a-doodle-doo, crow.

**cudzu** *n.* kudzu (*plant*: *Pueraria*).

**cuecer** *adj.* & *n.* Quaker.

**cuecerisme** *n.* Quakerism (*Christianity*).

**cuerca** *n.* acorn.

**cuerco** *n.* oak (*Quercus*). **cuerco de suber** cork oak (*Quercus suber*). **cuerco sempreverde** evergreen oak, live oak (*Quercus virginianus*). **de cuerco** oak, oaken.

**cuicstep** *n.* quickstep (*dance*).

**cuieta** *adj.* quiet, calm, soft, faint, stealthy. ● *adv.* quietly, calmly, softly, faintly, stealthily; pianissimo.

**cuieti** *vi.* & *vt.* quieten, calm, calm down.

**cuietia** *n.* quiet, calm, quietness, calmness.

**cuietisme** *n.* quietism.

**cuietiste** *n.* quietist.

**cuiscal** *n.* grackle (*bird*: *Quiscalus*).

**cuiz** *n.* quiz.

**culeta** *n.* (*colloquial*) bun, butt cheek (*buttock*).

**culier** *n.* spoon, scoop. **culier de table** tablespoon (*spoon*, *measurement*). **culier de te** teaspoon (*spoon*,*measurement*).

**culieri** *vt.* (*transfer by*) spoon.

**culierin** *adj.* spoonlike, spoon-shaped.

**culieron** *n.* ladle.

**culmina** *vi.* culminate, climax, peak, crest. ● *n.* culmination, climax, peak, summit, top, crest; paragon; punchline. **culmina con** culminate with, be surmounted with, be topped with. **culmina de arbor** treetop.**culmina de colina** hilltop. **culmina de monte** mountaintop.

**culminante** *adj.* culminating, peaking, climaxing, climactic.

**culo** *n.* (*colloquial*) arse, ass, bum, butt, booty, fanny (*US*), rump, tush (*buttocks*); (*insult*) arse, jerk, schmuck, prat.

**culom** *n.* coulomb (*unit of charge*).

**culote** *n.* French knickers, tap pants.

**culpa** *vt.* & *n.* blame.

**culpable** *adj.* guilty, blameworthy, culpable, responsible, liable.

**culpablia** *n.* guilt, responsibility, liability.

**cultiste** *n.* cultist.

**cultiva** *vt.* cultivate, farm, grow (*something*); till, work (*the soil*). ● *n.* crop, cultivation, agriculture, husbandry; culture (*medical*). **alterna de cultiva** crop rotation. **cultiva de uvas** viticulture. **cultiva luante**sharecrop.

**cultivable** *adj.* cultivatable, cultivable, arable, farmable, growable.

**cultivada** *adj.* cultivated, farmed. **cultivada a casa** homegrown.

**cultivador** *n.* cultivator, tiller, rototiller, rotavator.

**cultival** *adj.* agricultural, agrarian.

**cultiveria** *n.* farm, farmstead, plantation. **cultiveria grande** plantation, latifundium.

**cultivor** *n.* farmer, grower, agriculturalist, cultivator (*person*). **cultivor luante** sharecropper.

**cultivorisme** *n.* agrarianism.

**culto** *n.* cult. **culto de personalia** personality cult.

**cultur** *n.* culture, lifestyle, ethos.

**cultural** *adj.* cultural.

**cuman** *adj.* & *n.* Cuman.

**cumbia** *n.* cumbia (*dance*, *music*).

**cumcuat** *n.* kumquat (*Fortunella*).

**cumin** *n.* cumin (*plant*, *seed*: *Cuminum cyminum*).

**cumula** *vi.* accumulate, hoard, accrue. ● *n.* accumulation, accrual, backlog, build-up, pile-up. **cumula de neva**snowpack.

**cumulador** *n.* accumulator (*software*, *cryptography*, *energy*).

**cumulante** *adj.* cumulative.

**cumulin** *adj.* cumulous (*like cumulus clouds*).

**cumulo** *adj.* cumulus (*cloud*). ● *n.* cumulus.

**cumulonimbo** *adj.* & *n.* cumulonimbus (*cloud*).

**cumulor** *n.* hoarder.

**cumulosa** *adj.* cumulous (*containing cumulus clouds*).

**cuna** *n.* cradle.

**cuneforma** *adj.* & *n.* cuneiform.

**cuneo** *n.* wedge, chock, shim; wedge (*golf club*).

**cungfu** *n.* kung fu.

**cunilingo** *n.* cunnilingus. **fa cunilingo** perform cunnilingus.

**cuno** *n.* (*colloquial*) pussy, fanny (*UK*), cunt (*vagina*). **leca la cuno** (*colloquial*) eat out, go down on (*cunnilingus*).

**cuol** *n.* quoll (*animal*: *Dasyurus*).

**cuorin** *adj.* leathery.

**cuoro** *n.* leather. **cuoro suave** suede. **cuoro vernisada** patent leather. **de cuoro** (*made of*) leather.

**cuorum** *n.* quorum.

**cuota** *n.* quota, allowance.

**cupe** *n.* coupé (*car*).

**Cupido** *n.* Cupid.

**cupola** *n.* dome, cupola. **cupola jeodesial** geodesic dome. **cupola onionin** onion dome.

**cupolin** *adj.* domelike, dome-shaped.

**cupre** *n.* copper. **de cupre** (*made of*) copper.

**cupri** *vt.* copper.

**cuprica** *adj.* cupric.

**cuprita** *n.* cuprite.

**cupror** *n.* coppersmith.

**cuprosa** *adj.* cuprous.

**cura** *vt.* care, care for, take care of, nurse, nurture, minister to. ● *n.* care, concern, nurture; care (*means of treatment*); custody. **ci cura?** who cares? (*disinterest*). **cura personal** grooming, personal hygiene. **cura prima** primary care. **me no cura** I don’t care (*disinterest*). **sin cura** carefree, mindless, thoughtless. See*atende*.

**Curan** *n.* Qur’an, Koran.

**curante** *adj.* careful, deliberate; custodial.

**curare** *n.* curare (*resin*).

**Curasau** *n.* Curaçao (*island*).

**curcuma** *n.* turmeric (*plant*, *spice*: *Curcuma longa*).

**curdi** *adj.* & *n.* Kurdish, Kurd (*person*, *language*).

**Curdistan** *n.* Kurdistan.

**cureta** *n.* curette (*tool*).

**cureti** *vt.* perform curettage. ● *n.* curettage.

**curgan** *n.* kurgan (*mound*).

**curio** *n.* curium (*element*).

**curiosa** *adj.* curious, inquisitive, nosy, nosey (*wanting to know more*).

**curiosi** *vi.* become curious, pry. ● *vt.* intrigue, arouse curiosity.

**curiosia** *n.* curiosity.

**curling** *n.* curling (*sport*).

**curlo** *n.* curlew (*bird*: *Numenius*).

**curor** *n.* carer, nurse.

**curso** *n.* course, path, track, trail, circuit, trajectory, tract; fairway (*golf*). **curso alta** upper course (*river*).**curso basa** lower course (*river*). **curso de corsa** racetrack, racecourse, raceway. **curso de dijesta**digestive tract, alimentary tract. **curso de mus** mouse trail (*software*). **curso de ostaculos** obstacle course. **curso de respira** respiratory tract. **curso de studia** course of study. **curso de trata** course of treatment. **curso de vose** vocal tract. **curso enlinia** online course, internet course. **curso intensa** crash course. **curso par coresponde** correspondence course. **curso projetada** itinerary, projected course.**cursos** courses, curriculum. **estra cursos** extracurricular.

**cursor**¹ *n.* cursor (*software*).

**cursor**² *n.* courser (*bird*: *Cursorius*, *Rhinoptilus*).

**curva** *adj.* curved, bent (*naturally*). ● *n.* curve, bend, bight. **curva ornosa** flourish, ornate curve.

**curvable** *adj.* bendable.

**curvi** *vi.* & *vt.* curve, bend; bend down, stoop. **curvi se a ante** hunch forward, hunch over.

**curvia** *n.* curvature.

**curvida** *adj.* bent.

**curvosa** *adj.* curvy, curvaceous, voluptuous, rubenesque, zaftig.

**cuscus** *n.* couscous (*food*).

**cusin** *n.* cousin.

**cusina** *n.* female cousin.

**cusino** *n.* male cousin.

**custa** *vt.* cost. ● *n.* cost, price, expense, fare. **a bon custa** affordable. **a custa de** at the cost of, at the expense of. **cosa sin custa** freebie, giveaway. **custa de instrui** tuition fee, tuition. **custa de lua** rent. **custa de viaja** travel cost, airfare. **custa per la compror** consumer price, street price, price in the shops. **deside la custa de** price. **sin custa** free, for free, gratis, gratuitous, toll-free.

**custosa** *adj.* costly, expensive, dear, pricey.

**cutanea** *adj.* cutaneous.

**cuticula** *n.* cuticle. **cuticula laserada** hangnail.

**cuxan** *adj.* Kushan (*dynasty*).

**cuxin** *n.* cushion, pillow; buffer. **cuxin de favas** beanbag. **cuxin de jenos** kneeler, hassock. **cuxin de securia** safety cushion, airbag. **cuxin de testa** pillow.

**cuxineta** *n.* pad.

**cuxini** *vt.* cushion, pad.

**cuxinida** *adj.* cushioned, padded.

D

**d** [de] *letter* d.

**-da** *adj.suff.* -ed; e.g. *ascondeda*; *tu ia asconde un mesaje e me ia trova tua mesaje ascondeda*; *la mesaje ia es ascondeda*. — *-da* creates a passive form, such as *ovos fritada*. This is not the same thing as the past tense in*el ia frita la ovos*, even though both are *fried* in English. ● *n.suff.* -ee (*person or thing that is -ed*); e.g.*empleada*; *comeda*.

**Dacia** *n.* Dacia (*ancient region*).

**dacota** *adj.* & *n.* Dakota (*person*, *language*).

**dadaisme** [dadaïsme] *n.* dadaism.

**dadaiste** [dadaïste] *adj.* dadaist.

**dado** *n.* die, dice. **dados** dice.

**dafnia** *n.* daphnia (*crustacean*).

**daga** *n.* dagger, dirk. **daga magra** stiletto.

**dagara** *adj.* & *n.* Dagaaba (*people*), Dagare (*language*).

**dagereotipo** *n.* daguerreotype.

**dageta** *n.* bodkin (*needle*).

**daiciri** *n.* daiquiri (*drink*).

**Dakota** *n.* Dakota. **Dakota Norde** North Dakota (*US state*). **Dakota Sude** South Dakota (*US state*).

**dalia** *n.* dahlia (*Dahlia*).

**dalit** *adj.* & *n.* Dalit (*caste*).

**Dalmasia** *n.* Dalmatia.

**dalmasian** *adj.* & *n.* Dalmatian (*including dog*).

**daltonisme** *n.* colour (US color) blindness.

**dama** *n.* lady, dame, gentlewoman, matron; bridesmaid; queen (*chess*, *cards*). **dama de onora** maid of honour (US honor). **damas** checkers, draughts (*game*).

**damasco** *n.* damask (*fabric*).

**damia** *n.* ladyship.

**damin** *adj.* ladylike.

**dana** *vt.* & *n.* damage. **dana criminal** vandalism.

**danante** *adj.* damaging, injurious.

**dandi** *n.* fop, dandy, poseur, hipster, popinjay.

**dandia** *n.* foppery.

**Danmarc** *n.* Denmark. **Streta Danmarc** Denmark Strait.

**dansa** *vi.* dance, prance; flicker (*flame*). ● *n.* dance. **dansa cuadro** square dance. **dansa de folclor** folk dance.**dansa de moria** danse macabre. **dansa de ventre** belly dance. **dansa un valsa** dance a waltz.

**dansce** *adj.* Danish (*person*, *language*). ● *n.* Dane; Danish.

**dansor** *n.* dancer.

**Danubio, Rio** *n.* River Danube.

**Dardanelia, Streta** *n.* Dardanelles.

**dardo** *n.* dart.

**darma** *n.* dharma (*religion*).

**darmstatio** *n.* darmstadtium (*element*).

**darvix** *n.* dervish.

**darwinisme** *n.* Darwinism.

**data** *n.* date (*calendar*).

**dati** *vt.* date (*determine the date of*, *write a date on*).

**datila** *n.* date (*fruit*).

**datilal** *adj.* dactylic.

**datilo**¹ *n.* date (*tree*: *Phoenix dactylifera*).

**datilo**² *n.* dactyl (*poetry*).

**dativa** *adj.* & *n.* dative (*grammar*).

**dato** *n.* datum. **datos** data.

**datura** *n.* datura (*plant*: *Datura*).

**dau** *n.* Tao, Dao.

**dauisme** *n.* Taoism, Daoism.

**dauiste** *n.* Taoist, Daoist.

**Davis, Streta** *n.* Davis Strait.

**de**¹ *prep.* • from, of, since (*a point of origin in space or time*); e.g. *me es de London*; *el ia parti de Paris*; *Frans es a norde de Espania*; *me ia sta a no plu ca un metre de la asidente*; *me estrae el de la casa*; *el ia es salvada de mori*; *el ia asconde de la polisia*; *un cavalo difere de un bove*; *aprende de tua frate*; *esta libro veni de la sentenio 17*; *la boteca funsiona de lundi asta jovedi*; *el labora de la ora cuando el velia*. • made of, composed of, consisting of; e.g. *un veste de seda*; *un anelo de oro*. • of, belonging to (*an owner or whole*); e.g. *la casa de Juan*; *la rota es un parte de la veculo*. • of (*specifying*, *adding detail*); e.g. *la idea de progresa*; *un arbor con altia de dudes metres*. • (*a quantity*) of; e.g. *un tas de cafe*; *tre caxas de libros*; *cuatro metres de altia*; *plen de aira*. • (*forming the equivalent of a compound noun*); e.g. *avia de mar*; *oculo de sol*; *tenis de table*. • from (*indicating motion away from the location shown by the following preposition*); e.g. *me move mea mano de su la table*. • (*converting the following preposition into an adverb indicating motion away from a location*); e.g. *la gato ia salta de sur*. **a 24 oras de la dia** 24 hours a day, around the clock, round the clock.**de ci** of whom, whose. **de cual** of which, whose. **de esta** thereof. **de esta loca** from this place, away. See*ante, cuando, do, en, estra, pos, su, sur, supra*.

**de-**² *pref.* de-.

**debatable** *adj.* debatable.

**debate** *vt.* & *n.* debate.

**debe** *vt.* owe (*debt*); be obligated to, have to, need to, must (*duty*, *obligation*, *social correctness*); should, ought to; e.g. *un bon sitadan debe vota*. ● *n.* duty. **como lo debe es** as it should be, as things should be. **debe de casa** homework. **ta debe** should, ought to (*simple conditional*, *or polite*, *or commenting without expectation*); e.g. *nos ta debe aida ma no pote*. **tu debe deside** you must decide, you decide.

**debente** *adj.* owing, indebted, overdrawn.

**debil** *adj.* feeble, weak, infirm, puny, thready. ● *n.* weakling, pipsqueak, wimp, pushover, runt; weakness (*weak point*), foible.

**debili** *vi.* weaken, languish, attenuate. ● *vt.* weaken, enfeeble, debilitate, enervate. ● *n.* attenuation, debilitation, enervation.

**debilia** *n.* weakness, frailty, infirmity.

**debua** *vi.* & *n.* debut, premiere.

**debuante** *n.* debutant, debutante.

**deca-** *pref.* deca- (*ten*).

**decaedro** *adj.* decahedral. ● *n.* decahedron.

**decagon** *adj.* decagonal. ● *n.* decagon.

**decagram** *n.* decagram.

**decal** *n.* decal; rubdown, dry transfer.

**decalitre** *n.* decalitre (US decaliter).

**decalogo** *n.* decalogue (US decalog), Ten Commandments.

**decametre** *n.* decametre (US decameter).

**decano** *n.* dean (*religious*, *university*); elder (*religious*); doyen, doyenne.

**decanta** *vt.* decant.

**decantador** *n.* decanter.

**declara** *vt.* declare, state, assert, claim, maintain, intimate, profess. ● *n.* statement, declaration, assertion, claim, intimation, manifesto. **declara falsa** falsehood. **declara nonsabe** plead ignorance.

**declina** *vi.* decline (*including grammar*). ● *n.* declension, declination; downturn.

**deco** *adj.* art deco.

**decora** *vt.* decorate (*including with an honour*), adorn, trim, garnish. ● *n.* decoration, decor, ornament, garnish, adornment, trim, topping; scenery (*theatrical*).

**decoror** *n.* decorator.

**decupaje** *n.* decoupage (*art*).

**dedica** *vt.* dedicate, devote. ● *n.* dedication, devotion, commitment.

**dedicada** *adj.* dedicated, devoted, committed, staunch.

**deduable** *adj.* deducible, inferable, derivable.

**deduador** *n.* abductor (*muscle*).

**dedui**¹ *vt.* deduce, infer, derive, educe. ● *n.* deduction, inference, derivation.

**dedui**² *vt.* abduct (*muscle*). ● *n.* abduction.

**deduinte** *adj.* deductive, inferential.

**defende** *vt.* defend, advocate. ● *n.* defence (US defense). **defende de tese** viva voce, oral defence (US defense).**sin defende** defenceless (US defenseless), helpless, vulnerable.

**defendor** *n.* defender, advocate, apologist, proponent; guardian (*of child or invalid*). **defendor de la popla**ombudsman.

**defeta** *n.* defeat, downfall, wipeout. **defeta completa** crushing defeat. **sin defeta** undefeated.

**defetisme** *n.* defeatism.

**defetiste** *n.* defeatist.

**defeto** *n.* defect, glitch, bug.

**defetosa** *adj.* defective, faulty. ● *n.* dud.

**defia** *vt.* defy, challenge. ● *n.* defiance, challenge.

**defiante** *adj.* defiant, challenging, recalcitrant.

**defini** *vt.* define, delineate. ● *n.* definition; clue (*in word game*).

**definida** *adj.* defined, definite.

**defininte** *adj.* definitive.

**defior** *n.* challenger.

**defla** *vi.* deflate. ● *n.* deflation.

**degrada** *vi.* degrade. ● *vt.* degrade, cheapen, demean. ● *n.* degradation.

**degradante** *adj.* degradable. ● *adj.* degrading, derogatory.

**dejela** *vi.* & *vt.* defrost, unfreeze, thaw. ● *n.* thaw.

**dejelada** *adj.* unfrozen. **acua dejelada** meltwater.

**dejenera** *vi.* degenerate, deteriorate, run down, decay. ● *n.* degeneration, decay, decadence.

**dejenerada** *adj.* degenerated, degenerate, decadent.

**dejeta** *vt.* throw away, discard, dump, dispose of, get rid of, jettison. ● *n.* disposal.

**dejetable** *adj.* disposable; rubbish, trashy, of poor quality.

**dejetada** *n.* garbage, waste, trash, rubbish, litter, refuse, waste material. **dejetadas flotante** jetsam.

**dejeteria** *n.* garbage dump, rubbish heap, landfill (*site*), dumping ground, transfer station; dustheap, slag heap.

**dejetor** *n.* sanitation worker, garbage man, dustman.

**dejuna** *vi.* stop fasting, break one’s fast.

**dejunta** *vi.* unjoin, become unjoined, decouple, disconnect. **dejunta se de** unsubscribe.

**Delaware** [délawer] *n.* Delaware (*US state*). **Baia Delaware** Delaware Bay.

**delega** *vt.* delegate. ● *n.* delegation.

**delegada** *adj.* delegated. ● *n.* delegate, commissary.

**deleta** *vt.* delight, exhilarate. ● *n.* delight, glee, exhilaration; delicacy, appetizer, aperitif, starter, hors d’oeuvre, antipasto, amuse-gueule.

**deletada** *adj.* delighted.

**deleteria** *n.* delicatessen, deli.

**deletosa** *adj.* delightful, delicious, delectable, luscious, sensuous, scrumptious, yummy.

**delfin** *n.* dolphin (*Delphinidae*, *Odontoceti*); dauphin. **Delfin** *n.* Delphinus (*constellation*).

**delfinio** *n.* delphinium, larkspur (*plant*: *Delphinium*).

**delicata** *adj.* delicate, fine, dainty, sensitive, tender. **delicatas** delicates, lingerie.

**delirio** *n.* delirium.

**deliriosa** *adj.* delirious.

**delta** *n.* delta (*Greek letter*, *river mouth*).

**deltoide** *n.* deltoid (*muscle*).

**delude** *vt.* disappoint, let down; dash (*hopes*). ● *n.* disappointment, anticlimax, letdown. **delude de suspende**anticlimax.

**deludente** *adj.* disappointing, anticlimactic.

**deluvia** *vt.* flood, deluge; washout. ● *n.* major flood, deluge, torrent. **deluvia subita** flash flood.

**deluvial** *adj.* torrential.

**demagogia** *n.* demagogy, demagoguery.

**demagogo** *n.* demagogue.

**demanda** *vt.* ask, inquire, enquire; e.g. *me demanda a tu do tu abita*; *el va demanda ce nos aida*. — One can*demanda de algun* or *demanda a algun*; the former is more polite or suggests that the question is more difficult. The object of *demanda* is the question itself. To *ask for* something, use *demanda per*. ● *n.* question, inquiry, enquiry, query. **demanda a se** ask oneself, wonder. **demanda autorespondente** rhetorical question. **demanda codal** tag question, question tag. **demanda gidante** leading question. **demanda per** ask for, request. **fa un demanda** ask a question, pose a question, put a question.

**demente** *adj.* demented, insane, crazy, mad. ● *n.* lunatic, madman, madwoman.

**dementeria** *n.* madhouse, nuthouse, bedlam, lunatic asylum, insane asylum.

**dementi** *vi.* go crazy, go insane, go mad. ● *vt.* make crazy, drive mad, madden, unhinge.

**dementia** *n.* dementia, insanity, lunacy, madness.

**demiurgo** *n.* demiurge.

**demo-** *pref.* demo- (*people*).

**democrata** *adj.* democratic. ● *n.* democrat.

**democrati** *vi.* & *vt.* democratize.

**democratia** *n.* democracy.

**demografia** *n.* demography.

**demografial** *adj.* demographic.

**demografiste** *n.* demographer.

**demon** *n.* demon, daemon.

**demonal** *adj.* demonic.

**demoni** *vt.* demonize. ● *n.* demonization.

**demonim** *adj.* demonymic. ● *n.* demonym.

**demonin** *adj.* demonic, devilish.

**demonolojia** *n.* demonology.

**demostra** *vt.* prove. ● *n.* proof. **demostra empirical** empirical proof.

**demostrable** *adj.* provable.

**demostrablia** *n.* provability.

**demotica** *adj.* demotic, vernacular, informal, colloquial, casual (*speech*). ● *n.* vernacular, vulgate.

**Denali, Monte** *n.* Mount Denali, Mount McKinley.

**dendrite** *n.* dendrite.

**dendritosa** *adj.* dendritic.

**dendrocronolojia** *n.* dendrochronology.

**dendrolojia** *n.* dendrology.

**dendrolojial** *adj.* dendrological.

**dendrolojiste** *n.* dendrologist.

**denge** *n.* dengue, dengue fever.

**denim** *n.* denim. **de denim** (*made of*) denim.

**denova** *adv.* again, anew, afresh.

**densa** *adj.* dense, thick.

**densi** *vi.* thicken, condense. ● *vt.* thicken, condense; compress (*data*). ● *n.* thickening; compression (*data*).

**densia** *n.* density, thickness, consistency; resolution (*image*).

**dental** *adj.* dental. ● *n.* dental (*consonant*).

**dente** *n.* tooth; tine, prong; sprocket. **dente canin** canine tooth. **dente canin superior** eyetooth. **dente conein** bucktooth. **dente molente** molar. **dente sisorante** incisor. **dentes** teeth, dentition.

**dentela** *n.* lace, lacework. **dentela de lenio** fretwork.

**denteleon** *n.* dandelion (*Taraxacum*).

**dentin** *n.* dentine (US dentin).

**dentiste** *n.* dentist.

**denton** *n.* tusk, fang.

**dentosa** *adj.* toothy, toothed.

**denunsia** *vt.* denounce, decry. ● *n.* denouncement.

**denunsior** *n.* denouncer, whistleblower.

**departe** *n.* department, bureau. **departe de investiga** bureau of investigation. **departe de securia esterna**foreign intelligence agency. **departe de securia interna** domestic intelligence agency.

**depende** *vi.* depend, rely; e.g. *nos depende de tu*; *la responde depende de fatores diversa*. ● *n.* dependence, dependency; reliance, addiction.

**dependente** *adj.* dependent, conditional, provisory; addicted. ● *n.* dependant, ward; addict. **dependente de**dependent on. **dependente si** on condition that, provided that.

**depinta** *vt.* paint, depict. ● *n.* painting (*art form*, *artwork*), depiction. **depinta de persones** portraiture.**depinta mural** mural. **depinta personal** portrait.

**depintin** *adj.* picturesque.

**depintor** *n.* painter. **Depintor** *n.* Pictor (*constellation*).

**deplora** *vt.* deplore, bemoan.

**deplorable** *adj.* deplorable, appalling, abysmal, awful, atrocious.

**depone** *vt.* deposit (*including financial*). ● *n.* sedimentation.

**deponeda** *adj.* deposited; sedimentary. ● *n.* sediment, silt.

**deporta** *vt.* deport. ● *n.* deportation.

**deportada** *adj.* deported. ● *n.* deportee.

**depresa** *vt.* depress (*push down*, *sadden*). ● *n.* depression; trough (*wave*). **depresa climal** low-pressure area, depression, weather system. **depresa economial** economic depression.

**depresada** *adj.* depressed, dejected, down, melancholy.

**depresante** *adj.* depressant.

**derbi** *n.* derby (*horse race*, *sporting event*).

**deriva** *vi.* & *vt.* derive. ● *n.* derivation.

**derivable** *adj.* derivable.

**derivada** *adj.* derived, derivative. ● *n.* derivative; spinoff.

**derma** *n.* dermis (*anatomy*).

**dermatero** *n.* earwig (*Dermaptera*).

**dermatite** *n.* dermatitis.

**dermatolojia** *n.* dermatology.

**des**¹ *det.* ten. ● *adj.* tenth (*ordinal*). **des-du** *det.* twelve. ● *adj.* twelfth (*ordinal*). **deses** tens; (*loosely*) dozens.

**des-**² *pref.* dis-, un- (*added to verbs: undoing or reversal of an action*); e.g. *descarga*; *dejela*. — *Des-* simplifies to *de-* before *s*, *z*, *j* or *x*.

**desaclama** *vt.* boo.

**desacorda** *vt.* disagree, conflict, clash, contravene. ● *n.* disagreement, discord, discordance, discordancy, dissonance, clash, conflict, contention.

**desacordante** *adj.* disagreeing, discordant, dissonant, out of tune, clashing.

**desagi** *vi.* become blunt. ● *vt.* blunt, dull.

**desajusta** *vi.* & *vt.* detune.

**desali** *vt.* desalinate. ● *n.* desalination.

**desaliasi** *vt.* anti-alias.

**desambigui** *vi.* & *vt.* disambiguate. ● *n.* disambiguation.

**desamini** *vt.* unfriend.

**desapare** *vi.* disappear, vanish; dispel. **desapare lenta** fade out.

**desapone** *vt.* take off (*garment*), remove, doff.

**desaprende** *vt.* unlearn.

**desaproba** *vt.* disapprove, deprecate, mind. ● *n.* disapproval, deprecation.

**desaprobante** *adj.* disapproving, askance.

**desarma** *vt.* disarm. ● *n.* disarmament.

**desarnesi** *vt.* unharness.

**desasembla** *vt.* disassemble, dismantle.

**desasentua** *vt.* de-emphasize.

**desasosia** *vi.* disassociate, dissociate. ● *n.* disassociation, dissociation.

**desasosiante** *adj.* dissociative.

**desastre** *n.* disaster, crash, catastrophe, calamity, cataclysm.

**desastrosa** *adj.* disastrous, catastrophic.

**desativi** *vi.* & *vt.* deactivate; defuse. ● *n.* deactivation.

**desautentici** *vi.* & *vt.* log out (*software*).

**desbandi** *vi.* disband.

**desbari** *vt.* unbar, unblock.

**desbloci** *vt.* unblock, unclog.

**desbombetor** *n.* deminer.

**desbotoni** *vt.* unbutton.

**desbridi** *vt.* unbridle; debride. ● *n.* unbridling; debridement.

**descafini** *vt.* decaffeinate. ● *n.* decaffeination.

**descalci** *vi.* & *vt.* decalcify.

**descalpi** *vt.* scalp.

**descami** *vt.* descale.

**descamida** *adj.* descaled.

**descapasi** *vi.* & *vt.* incapacitate, disable, impair, vitiate, cripple.

**descapasia** *n.* disability, handicap, impairment.

**descapasida** *adj.* incapacitated, disabled, handicapped, impaired, crippled. ● *n.* disabled person, handicapped person; invalid.

**descapeli** *vt.* depilate, remove hair from.

**descapelinte** *adj.* depilatory.

**descarga** *vt.* discharge, unload, offload, unburden; flush (*toilet*); download. ● *n.* download.

**descarni** *vt.* remove flesh from, flesh, pick clean.

**descascador** *n.* peeler, potato peeler, vegetable peeler.

**descasci** *vt.* peel (*fruit*, *egg*), shell (*nut*).

**descasi** *vt.* evict.

**desclavi** *vt.* unlock.

**desclipi** *vt.* unclip.

**desclori** *vt.* dechlorinate.

**descoli** *vt.* unstick, peel off.

**descolori** *vt.* discolour (US discolor).

**descome** *vt.* (*colloquial*) puke, barf, spew, chunder, throw up (*vomit*).

**descomforta** *n.* malaise, discomfort.

**descomposa** *vt.* decompose, break down.

**descomposada** *adj.* decomposed, rotten. ● *n.* compost.

**descompresa** *vt.* decompress. ● *n.* decompression.

**descomuta** *vi.* & *vt.* switch off, turn off, shut off, shut down, disconnect (*machine*); disable (*software feature*). ●*n.* shutoff, disconnection.

**descomutada** *adj.* off, switched off, turned off; disconnected, offline; disabled.

**descondena** *vt.* overturn the conviction of, quash a guilty verdict against.

**desconfusa** *vt.* unmuddle, unscramble.

**desconjesta** *vi.* decongest.

**desconjestante** *n.* decongestant.

**desconstrui** *vt.* demolish, knock down (*building*, *wall*).

**desconta** *vt.* discount. ● *n.* discount, rebate (*business*).

**descontamina** *vt.* decontaminate. ● *n.* decontamination.

**descontinua** *vt.* discontinue, phase out.

**descontinuada** *adj.* discontinued, defunct.

**desconvinse** *vt.* dissuade.

**descorador** *n.* decorer, corer.

**descoraji** *vt.* discourage, demoralize, dishearten, unnerve. ● *n.* discouragement, despondency.

**descorajida** *adj.* discouraged, dejected, demoralized, disheartened, despondent, heartsick.

**descori** *vt.* decore, core.

**descoroni** *vt.* uncrown.

**descorpi** *vi.* become disembodied.

**descorpida** *adj.* disembodied.

**descovrable** *adj.* discoverable.

**descovre** *vt.* discover, uncover, find out, ascertain. ● *n.* discovery.

**descovror** *n.* discoverer.

**descremi** *vt.* skim.

**descremida** *adj.* skimmed (*milk*).

**descriminali** *vi.* & *vt.* decriminalize.

**descrivable** *adj.* describable.

**descrive** *vt.* describe. ● *n.* description.

**descrivor** *n.* describer.

**descrusa** *vt.* uncross (*arms*, *legs*).

**descuali** *vt.* disqualify (*someone*). ● *n.* disqualification.

**desculpa** *vt.* exculpate, exonerate, vindicate, acquit. ● *n.* exoneration, vindication, acquittal.

**desculpada** *adj.* exonerated. **es desculpada** be exonerated, be acquitted, get off.

**descura** *vt.* neglect. ● *n.* negligence, apathy.

**descurada** *adj.* neglected, overgrown, derelict.

**descurante** *adj.* negligent, neglectful, derelict.

**descurvi** *vi.* & *vt.* unbend.

**desdefetador** *n.* debugger.

**desdefeti** *vt.* debug.

**desdui** *vi.* & *vt.* split into twelve. ● *n.* twelfth (*fraction*).

**desduple** *n.* dozen.

**desecreti** *vi.* & *vt.* declassify.

**desecuilibra** *vi.* & *vt.* imbalance, unbalance, throw off balance, tip over, topple, knock over, overbalance.

**desecuri** *vi.* & *vt.* unlock, untether. **desecuri la polsos de** uncuff. **desecuri la talos de** unshackle.

**deseleje** *vt.* deselect.

**deseli** *vt.* unseal.

**deselminti** *vt.* deworm, worm, drench.

**desemafori** *vt.* unlock (*database*).

**desembarca** *vt.* disembark, deplane.

**desembla** *vi.* be in disguise, disguise oneself, dissemble. ● *vt.* disguise. ● *n.* disguise, guise.

**desemblante** *adj.* disguise, in disguise, undercover, incognito. **polisior desemblante** plainclothesman, plainclothes officer.

**desembraji** *vt.* declutch.

**desembre** *n.* December.

**desemi** *vt.* pit, stone (*fruit*).

**desemplea** *vt.* dismiss, fire, sack, lay off (*employee*). ● *n.* dismissal, sacking, layoff.

**desenama** *vt.* disenamour (US disenamor), cause to fall out of love.

**desenamada** *adj.* disenamoured (US disenamored). **deveni desenamada par** fall out of love with. **es desenamada par** be disenamoured (US disenamored) with.

**desencanta** *vt.* disenchant. ● *n.* disenchantment.

**desende** *vt.* descend, decline, go down; alight, get off. ● *n.* descent.

**desendente** *adj.* descending, descendent. ● *n.* descendant, scion; descender, downstroke. ● *prep.* down, towards the bottom of. **desendentes** descendants, posterity.

**desenerji** *vt.* de-energize, enervate. ● *n.* enervation.

**desengrana** *vi.* & *vt.* disengage (*gear*, *enemy*). ● *n.* disengagement.

**desenio** *n.* decade. **es en sua desenio oto** be in one’s seventies. **la desenio de 1970** the 1970s.

**desenrola** *vi.* unroll, unwind, uncoil, unfurl.

**desenscrive** *vt.* unsubscribe.

**desensela** *vt.* unsaddle.

**desensosi** *vi.* & *vt.* desensitize.

**desentera** *vt.* unearth, disinter, exhume, dig up. ● *n.* unearthing, exhumation.

**desentri** *vi.* & *vt.* decentralize, decentre (US decenter).

**desenvolve** *vt.* unwrap.

**desepara** *vi.* desegregate. ● *n.* desegregation.

**deser** *n.* dessert, pudding.

**deserita** *vt.* disinherit.

**deserti** *vi.* & *vt.* turn into a desert. ● *n.* desertification.

**deserto** *n.* desert, wasteland, waste.

**desfa** *vt.* undo. ● *n.* undoing.

**desfase** *vi.* be out of phase. **desfase de ora** jetlag.

**desfaseda** *adj.* out of phase.

**desfibi** *vt.* unbuckle.

**desfida** *vt.* distrust, mistrust.

**desfisa** *vt.* unfasten, detach, unlatch, undo, dislodge, remove. ● *n.* detachment, removal.

**desfisable** *adj.* detachable, removable.

**desfisada** *adj.* detached.

**desflori** *vt.* deflower.

**desfoli** *vt.* exfoliate, defoliate, shed skin. ● *n.* exfoliation, shedding of skin.

**desfolinte** *n.* exfoliant, defoliant.

**desforesti** *vt.* deforest. ● *n.* deforestation, forest clearance.

**desformi** *vi.* & *vt.* deform, buckle. ● *n.* deformation, deformity.

**desfrati** *vi.* & *vt.* defragment. ● *n.* defragmentation.

**desgrupi** *vi.* ungroup, disband.

**desi** *vi.* split into ten. ● *n.* tenth (*fraction*); tithe. ● *pref.* deci- (*a tenth*).

**desibel** *n.* decibel.

**deside** *vt.* decide, resolve. ● *n.* decision, verdict, resolution.

**desidente** *adj.* decisive. ● *n.* tiebreak, run-off, play-off.

**desidentifia** *vt.* deidentify. **desidentifia se** deidentify oneself, log out (*software*).

**desidrata** *vi.* dehydrate. ● *n.* dehydration.

**desifrable** *adj.* decipherable.

**desifri** *vt.* decode, decipher, decrypt. ● *n.* decryption.

**desigram** *n.* decigram.

**desil** *n.* decile (*statistics*).

**desilitre** *n.* decilitre (US deciliter).

**desilude** *vt.* disillusion. ● *n.* disillusionment.

**desim** *n.* ten-pence piece, ten-cent piece, dime (*coin*).

**desimal** *adj.* decimal.

**desimetre** *n.* decimetre (US decimeter).

**desindente** *vt.* unindent, outdent.

**desinfesta** *vt.* weed; exorcise.

**desinfestante** *adj.* weeding. ● *n.* weedkiller.

**desinfeta** *vt.* disinfect.

**desinfetante** *adj.* disinfecting, disinfectant. ● *n.* disinfectant. **desinfetante de boca** mouthwash.

**desinia** *vt.* draw, sketch, illustrate; design, plan (*creatively*); landscape (*garden*). ● *n.* drawing, sketch, illustration; design, configuration. **desinia aidada par computador** computer-aided design, CAD.

**desiniador** *n.* graphics program.

**desinieta** *vt.* & *n.* doodle.

**desinior** *n.* designer, draughtsman (US draftsman), illustrator. **desinior de jardines** landscape designer.

**desinstala** *vt.* uninstall, deinstall.

**desintegra** *vi.* disintegrate, crumble, unravel. ● *n.* disintegration.

**desintegrable** *adj.* disintegratable, crumbly, friable.

**desintensi** *vi.* & *vt.* reduce, assuage.

**desinteresa** *vt.* disinterest, fail to interest. ● *n.* disinterest.

**desinteresada** *adj.* disinterested.

**desinturi** *vt.* unbelt, unstrap.

**desira** *vt.* desire, wish for, fancy. ● *n.* desire, wish. **desira nonpratical** wishful thinking. **desira sesal** *v.* lust. ● *n.* sexual desire, lust, libido.

**desirable** *adj.* desirable. ● *n.* desirable feature, amenity.

**desirada** *adj.* desirable. ● *n.* object of desire. **si desirada** optional, if desired.

**deslegali** *vi.* & *vt.* illegalize, delegitimize, outlaw.

**deslia** [deslía] *vt.* untie, unbind, disconnect, unplug.

**desliada** *adj.* untied, unbound.

**desloca** *vt.* dislocate, displace, offset, shift. ● *n.* dislocation, displacement, offset, shift. **desloca blu** blue shift.**desloca de vocales** vowel shift. **desloca roja** red shift.

**deslocada** *adj.* dislocated, displaced, askew, awry.

**desmacia** *vt.* remove makeup from.

**desmaciante** *n.* cleanser.

**desmaia** *vi.* faint, swoon. ● *n.* faintness (*feeling faint*), syncope.

**desmalerbi** *vt.* weed.

**desmarania** *vt.* disentangle, untangle, unravel, unsnarl.

**desmarca** *vt.* unmark, deselect.

**desmasci** *vt.* unmask.

**desmasi** *vi.* & *vt.* emasculate. ● *n.* emasculation.

**desmateri** *vi.* & *vt.* dematerialize. ● *n.* dematerialization.

**desmembri** *vt.* dismember.

**desmili** *vi.* & *vt.* split into ten thousand. ● *n.* ten-thousandth (*fraction*).

**desmilitari** *vi.* & *vt.* demilitarize. ● *n.* demilitarization.

**desmisca** *vt.* unmix, unscramble.

**desmisteri** *vi.* & *vt.* demystify. ● *n.* demystification.

**desmiti** *vi.* & *vt.* demythologize.

**desmodula** *vt.* demodulate.

**desmonta** *vt.* dismount.

**desmotiva** *vt.* demotivate. ● *n.* disincentive.

**desmovabli** *vi.* & *vt.* immobilize; demobilize. ● *n.* immobilization; demobilization.

**desnazi** *vi.* & *vt.* denazify. ● *n.* denazification.

**desneblador** *n.* demister, defogger.

**desnebli** *vi.* & *vt.* demist, defog; deblur.

**desnevi** *vt.* clear snow from.

**desobedi** *vt.* disobey. ● *n.* disobedience.

**desobedinte** *adj.* disobedient, insubordinate.

**desocupa** *vt.* vacate.

**desodori** *vi.* & *vt.* deodorize.

**desodorinte** *n.* deodorant; air freshener, deodorizer.

**desonci** *vt.* unhook.

**desonora** *vt.* dishonour (US dishonor), humiliate, disgrace, discredit, compromise. ● *n.* dishonour (US dishonor), humiliation, disgrace, ignominy, opprobrium.

**desonorada** *adj.* dishonoured (US dishonored), ignominious.

**desonorosa** *adj.* dishonourable (US dishonorable), disgraceful.

**desordina** *vt.* mess up, make a mess of, muss, rumple, dishevel, clutter. ● *n.* disorder, disarray, clutter, mess, muzz.

**desordinada** *adj.* messy, untidy, disorderly, sloppy, slovenly, scruffy, bedraggled, dishevelled, unkempt.

**desorganiza** *vt.* disorganize. ● *n.* disorganization.

**desorganizada** *adj.* disorganized, ragtag, scatterbrain, scatty, sloppy.

**desorienta** *vi.* disorient, disorientate. ● *n.* disorientation.

**desosiribonucleal** *adj.* deoxyribonucleic.

**despaci** *vt.* unpack. ● *n.* unpacking.

**despeli** *vt.* skin, flay, excoriate, flense.

**despelida** *adj.* skinless, skinned.

**despera** *vi.* despair. ● *n.* despair, desperation.

**desperante** *adj.* desperate.

**despersonali** *vi.* & *vt.* depersonalize.

**despeta** *vt.* despise, scorn, disdain, revile, look down on. ● *n.* contempt, scorn, disdain.

**despetable** *adj.* despicable, loathsome, execrable, contemptible, pissant.

**despetada** *adj.* despised, despicable.

**despetante** *adj.* pejorative.

**despeteni** *vt.* dishevel, mess up (*hair*).

**despetenida** *adj.* dishevelled, uncombed, messy, tangled, unkempt.

**despetosa** *adj.* contemptuous, scornful, disdainful, dismissive, contemptuous, cavalier.

**despini** *vt.* unpin.

**despioli** *vt.* delouse.

**despiriti** *vt.* dispirit.

**despiritinte** *adj.* dispiriting, soul-destroying.

**desplanta** *vt.* dig up, uproot.

**desplantador** *n.* trowel.

**desplase** *vt.* displease. ● *n.* displeasure.

**desplasente** *adj.* disagreeable, unpleasant, displeasing, nasty, horrid, horrible, distasteful, sordid.

**desplia** [desplía] *vt.* unfold.

**desplumi** *vt.* pluck (*feathers*).

**despolali** *vi.* & *vt.* depolarize. ● *n.* depolarization.

**despolvi** *vt.* dust.

**despone** *vt.* depose, oust, remove from office. ● *n.* deposition, ouster.

**despopla** *vt.* depopulate. ● *n.* depopulation.

**despota** *n.* despot.

**despotia** *n.* despotate.

**despotin** *adj.* despotic.

**desprendable** *adj.* disposable, expendable.

**desprende** *vt.* get rid of, throw away, discard, dispense with, dispose of, waive. ● *n.* disposal.

**despreti** *vi.* become defrocked. ● *vt.* defrock, unfrock, laicize.

**desprogrami** *vt.* deprogramme (US deprogram), remove brainwashing from.

**desradisi** *vi.* & *vt.* uproot.

**desramador** *n.* billhook, pruning hook, lopper.

**desrami** *vt.* remove branches, prune, cane.

**desrefere** *vi.* & *vt.* dereference (*software*).

**desregula** *vt.* deregulate. ● *n.* deregulation.

**desreli** *vt.* derail.

**desrespeta** *vt.* disrespect. ● *n.* disrespect, insolence.

**desrespetosa** *adj.* disrespectful, flippant, overfamiliar.

**desrisi** *vi.* & *vt.* uncurl.

**desroji** *vi.* become less red. ● *vt.* remove red from; remove red-eye from (*photo*).

**desrompe** *vi.* cease to be broken. ● *vt.* mend, repair, patch, troubleshoot.

**desruidi** *vt.* denoise, remove noise from.

**destabli** *vi.* & *vt.* destabilize. ● *n.* destabilization.

**destapi** *vt.* unplug, unseal, unstop, uncork, uncap.

**destartari** *vt.* descale; remove tartar.

**desteni** *vt.* let go of, lose one’s grip on, unhand.

**destensa** *vi.* untense, untighten, relax, take it easy. ● *n.* relaxation; detente.

**destensante** *n.* relaxant. **destensante de musculo** muscle relaxant.

**destesti** *vt.* behead, decapitate. ● *n.* beheading, decapitation.

**desteti** *vt.* wean.

**destexe** *vt.* unweave, unpick, unravel.

**destexeda** *adj.* unravelled (US unraveled), frayed.

**destina** *vt.* destine. ● *n.* destination; destiny, fate, kismet; addressee.

**destinada** *adj.* destined, bound.

**destorse** *vi.* untwist.

**destra** *adj.* right (*not left*); starboard. ● *n.* right (*not left*). **a destra** on the right. **a destra de** on the right of.

**destricota** *vt.* unravel.

**destrisme** *n.* rightism.

**destriste** *adj.* right-wing, rightist. ● *n.* right-winger, rightist.

**destroni** *vt.* dethrone.

**destrosa**¹ *n.* dextrose (*sugar*).

**destrosa**² *adj.* handy, dextrous, skilful (US skillful), deft.

**destrosia** *n.* dexterity.

**destrui** *vt.* destroy, demolish, decimate, raze, spoil; blast, zap. ● *n.* destruction, demolition.

**destruinte** *adj.* destructive, ruinous.

**destruor** *n.* destroyer, demolisher.

**desumani** *vi.* & *vt.* dehumanize. ● *n.* dehumanization.

**desumidador** *n.* dehumidifier.

**desumidi** *vi.* & *vt.* dehumidify, desiccate.

**desuni** *vi.* & *vt.* disunite. ● *n.* disunion.

**desusa** *vt.* disuse, no longer use. ● *n.* obsolescence.

**desusada** *adj.* disused, obsolete, archaic, defunct.

**desvalidi** *vi.* expire. ● *vt.* invalidate, debunk. ● *n.* expiration.

**desvalidida** *adj.* expired, out of date.

**desvalua** *vt.* devalue, belittle, disparage, denigrate, deprecate, depreciate, trivialize, vilify. ● *n.* devaluation, deprecation, depreciation.

**desveli** *vt.* unveil. ● *n.* unveiling.

**desveneni** *vt.* detox, detoxify.

**desventri** *vt.* disembowel, gut, eviscerate.

**desvermi** *vt.* deworm, worm, drench.

**desvesti** *vt.* undress, disrobe.

**desvide** *vt.* unsee.

**desvisi** *vt.* unscrew.

**deta** *n.* debt, debit, arrears. **deta de jua** gambling debt.

**detalia** *vt.* detail, itemize; pinpoint. ● *n.* detail.

**detaliosa** *adj.* detailed, elaborate.

**deteneria** *n.* detention centre (US center).

**deteni** *vt.* detain. ● *n.* detention.

**deterjente** *n.* detergent, cleanser. **deterjente de platos** dishwashing liquid, washing-up liquid.

**determina** *vt.* determine, dictate. ● *n.* determination.

**determinada** *adj.* determined; purposeful, resolute. **jenetical determinada** genetically determined, hardwired.

**determinante** *n.* determiner, determinative (*grammar*). **determinante de demanda** interrogative determiner (*grammar*).

**determinisme** *n.* determinism.

**deterministe** *adj.* deterministic. ● *n.* determinist.

**deteta** *vt.* detect, discern. ● *n.* detection.

**detetador** *n.* detector. **detetador de bombas** bomb detector. **detetador de bombetas** mine detector.**detetador de fumas** smoke detector. **detetador de mentis** lie detector. **detetador de metales** metal detector.

**detetor** *n.* detective, investigator, sleuth, gumshoe, private eye.

**detona** *vi.* detonate.

**detor** *n.* debtor.

**detrito** *n.* detritus; debris, rubble.

**detrivor** *adj.* detrivorous. ● *n.* detrivore.

**deuterio** *n.* deuterium (*chemistry*).

**deuterostomio** *n.* deuterostome (*organism*: *Deuterostomia*).

**deutx** *adj.* German. ● *n.* German (*person*, *language*).

**Deutxland** *n.* Germany.

**devanagari** *n.* Devanagari (*writing system*).

**developa** *vi.* develop, hone, educe; catch, contract (*illness*). ● *n.* development. **developa la gripe** catch cold.**developa tro multe** overdevelop.

**developor** *n.* developer.

**deveni** *v.* become, get, grow, turn; e.g. *me deveni vea*; *la eruga ia deveni un papilio*.

**devia** *vi.* deviate, stray, swerve, go off course. ● *n.* deviation, aberration, detour, discrepancy, swerve.

**deviante** *adj.* deviant, deviating, deviated, stray, astray, awry, aberrant, errant.

**devolui** *vi.* devolve. ● *n.* devolution.

**devonian** *adj.* & *n.* Devonian (*geology*).

**devora** *vt.* devour, gobble, scoff.

**devorante** *adj.* voracious, ravenous, ravening.

**dexarnieri** *vt.* unhinge.

**dezipi** *vt.* unzip.

**dezuma** *vi.* zoom out.

**di-** *pref.* di- (*two*).

**dia**¹ *n.* day; daytime. **a cada dia** every day. **a la otra dia** the other day. **de la dia** of the day, du jour. **dia completa** day (*24-hour period*). **Dia D** D-day. **dia de comersia** business day. **dia de labora** working day, workday, weekday, business day. **dia de lava** washday. **Dia de Memoria** Remembrance Day. **dia de paia** payday. **dia de semana** day of the week, weekday. **dia santa** sabbath.

**dia-**² *pref.* dia-.

**diabete** *n.* diabetes.

**diabetica** *adj.* diabetic.

**diablin** *adj.* devilish.

**diablo** *n.* devil, Satan, Lucifer. **diablo caxida** jack-in-the-box. **diablo tasmanian** Tasmanian devil (*Sarcophilus harrisii*).

**diablosa** *adj.* diabolic, diabolical.

**diacon** *n.* deacon, provost.

**diacrona** *adj.* diachronic.

**diafana** *adj.* translucent, diaphanous, semitransparent, sheer, gauzy, filmy, frosted.

**diafania** *n.* translucency.

**diafonia** *n.* crosstalk.

**diaframa** *n.* diaphragm. **diaframa contraconsepal** contraceptive diaphragm.

**diagnose** *vt.* diagnose; troubleshoot. ● *n.* diagnosis, diagnostics. **programes de diagnose** diagnostic tools (*software*).

**diagnosiste** *n.* diagnostician.

**diagonal** *adj.* diagonal, slanted.

**dial** *adj.* daily, diurnal (*once a day*); everyday, quotidian.

**dialetica** *n.* dialectic.

**dialeticiste** *n.* dialectician.

**dialeto** *n.* dialect, patois. **dialeto fonetical** accent.

**dialise** *n.* dialysis, haemodialysis (US hemodialysis).

**dialogo** *n.* dialogue (US dialog); dialogue (US dialog) box.

**diamante** *n.* diamond (*including cards*). **diamante bruta** uncut diamond; diamond in the rough. **diamante falsa** false diamond, rhinestone.

**diamantin** *adj.* diamondlike, diamond-shaped.

**diametre** *n.* diameter.

**dianto** *n.* pink (*plant*: *Dianthus*).

**diapositiva** *n.* slide (*photography*).

**diarca** *n.* diarch (*governor*).

**diarcia** *n.* diarchy, dyarchy.

**diarea** *n.* diarrhoea (US diarrhea).

**diaspora** *n.* diaspora.

**diastolal** *adj.* diastolic.

**diastole** *n.* diastole (*biology*).

**diatomea** *n.* diatom (*organism*: *Bacillariophyceae*).

**diatonica** *adj.* diatonic.

**diazepam** *n.* diazepam, valium.

**dicdic** *n.* dik-dik (*antelope*: *Madoqua*).

**dicotiledon** *n.* dicotyledon, dicot (*botany*).

**dicotomia** *n.* dichotomy.

**dicotomial** *adj.* dichotomous.

**dicromata** *adj.* dichromatic.

**didje** *n.* deejay, DJ, disc jockey.

**didjeridu** [didjeridú] *n.* didgeridoo, didjeridu.

**dierese** *n.* diaeresis (US dieresis) (*diacritic*).

**dies** *adj.* & *n.* sharp (*music*).

**dieta** *vi.* & *n.* diet. **dieta intensa** crash diet.

**dietal** *adj.* dietary.

**dietiste** *n.* dietician.

**dietor** *n.* dieter.

**difere** *vi.* differ. ● *n.* difference.

**diferensia** *vt.* differentiate (*mathematics*). ● *n.* differentiation.

**diferensial** *adj.* & *n.* differential.

**diferente** *adj.* different, disparate, unlike; e.g. *el es multe diferente de sua frate*.

**difisil** *adj.* difficult, hard, awkward; abstruse. ● *adv.* awkwardly, with difficulty. ● *n.* difficulty, issue.

**difisili** *vi.* become difficult, get harder. ● *vt.* make difficult, make harder.

**difisilia** *n.* difficulty (*state*), awkwardness.

**difrata** *vi.* diffract. ● *n.* diffraction.

**difteria** *n.* diphtheria.

**diftongo** *n.* diphthong (*vowel sound*).

**difusa** *vt.* broadcast, diffuse, disseminate, spread. ● *n.* broadcast, telecast, broadcasting, diffusion, dissemination.**difusa de novas** newscast, news bulletin. **difusa simultan** simulcast.

**digram** *n.* digraph.

**dijesta** *vt.* digest. ● *n.* digestion.

**dijestable** *adj.* digestible.

**dijestal** *adj.* digestive, alimentary.

**dijital** *adj.* digital.

**dijitale** *n.* digitalis, foxglove (*Digitalis*).

**dijitali** *vi.* & *vt.* digitize, digitalize.

**dijito** *n.* digit (*numerical*).

**dilata** *vi.* dilate. ● *n.* dilation.

**dilatador** *n.* dilator.

**dildo** *n.* dildo.

**dilema** *n.* dilemma, quandary.

**dilijente** *n.* stagecoach.

**dilui** *vt.* dilute, water down. ● *n.* dilution.

**diluida** *adj.* diluted, dilute.

**Dimashq** *n.* Damascus.

**dimension** *n.* dimension. **con tre dimensiones** three-dimensional. **en tre dimensiones** in three dimensions, three-dimensionally.

**dimensional** *adj.* dimensional.

**dimetre** *n.* dimeter (*poetry*).

**diminui** *vi.* decrease, decrement, diminish, lessen, shrink, contract, taper, wane, dwindle; depreciate (*in value*). ● *vt.* decrease, diminish, lessen, reduce, shrink, mitigate. ● *n.* decrease, diminution; depreciation.

**diminuida** *adj.* shrunken.

**diminuinte** *adj.* decreasing, shrinking, tapering, tapered.

**dimsam** *n.* dim sum (*food*).

**dinamica** *n.* dynamics; dynamic. **dinamica de fluentes** fluid dynamics.

**dinamical** *adj.* dynamic, dynamical.

**dinamicisme** *n.* dynamism.

**dinamite** *n.* dynamite.

**dinamitor** *n.* dynamiter.

**dinamo** *n.* dynamo.

**dinamometre** *n.* dynamometer.

**dinar** *n.* dinar (*currency*).

**dinastia** *n.* dynasty.

**dinastial** *adj.* dynastic.

**dine**¹ *n.* dyne (*unit of force*).

**dine**² *adj.* & *n.* Dine, Navaho, Navajo (*person*, *language*).

**dingo** *n.* dingo (*Canis lupus dingo*).

**dini** *vt.* dignify.

**dinia** *n.* dignity.

**diniosa** *adj.* dignified, stately.

**dinosauro** *n.* dinosaur (*Dinosauria*).

**dio** *n.* god, deity; God; Allah. **de dio** divine. **dio minor** minor god, demigod. **dio par macina** deus ex machina.**sin dio** godless.

**diodo** *n.* diode. **diodo de lus** light-emitting diode, LED.

**dionia** *n.* Venus flytrap (*plant*: *Dionaea muscipula*).

**dionisal** *adj.* Dionysiac, Dionysian.

**Dioniso** *n.* Dionysus.

**diosa** *adj.* numinous.

**diosido** *n.* dioxide. **diosido de carbono** carbon dioxide. **diosido de silico** silicon dioxide, silica.

**diosina** *n.* dioxin (*substance*).

**diplo-** *pref.* diplo- (*double*).

**diploide** *adj.* & *n.* diploid.

**diploma** *n.* diploma, degree. **diploma avansada** advanced degree. **(diploma) dotoral** doctorate.**(diploma) laural** bachelor’s, baccalaureate. **(diploma) mestral** master’s.

**diplomata** *adj.* diplomatic. ● *n.* diplomat, envoy, emissary.

**diplomatia** *n.* diplomacy. **diplomatia navetal** shuttle diplomacy.

**diplopia** *n.* diplopia, double vision.

**dipno** *n.* lungfish (*Dipnoi*).

**dipsaco** *n.* teasel, teazle, teazel (*plant*: *Dipsacus*).

**direta** *adj.* direct, straight; immediate, instant, instantaneous; explicit, firsthand, outright. ● *adv.* directly, immediately, instantly, straightaway, summarily, at once. **difusa direta** live broadcast, live transmission, live programme (US program). **direta cuando** as soon as.

**direto** *n.* right, just claim, entitlement; prerogative. **ave la direto** have the right, be entitled, be qualified.**direto de autor** copyright. **direto de vota** right to vote, suffrage, franchise. **direto nativa de tera**native title, native land right. **direto natural** natural right, birthright. **diretos** rights. **diretos de autor**royalties.

**dirijador** *n.* router (*computer*).

**dirijal** *adj.* administrative, managerial.

**dirije** *vt.* direct, steer; manage, administer, administrate, orchestrate, operate, run (*business*). ● *n.* direction, heading, bearing; management, administration. **de un dirije** one-way. **dirije se a** direct oneself to, address oneself to (*audience*, *task*). **en dirije a** in the direction of, toward, towards.

**dirijor** *n.* director, executive, trustee, manager, administrator, operator, provost. **dirijor de selebra** event planner. **dirijores** administration, management, board (*directors*, *trustees*).

**dirndl** *n.* dirndl (*costume*).

**dis-** *pref.* dys- (*bad*, *abnormal*).

**disacarido** *n.* disaccharide.

**discador** *n.* CD drive, CD player; DVD drive, DVD player, DVD recorder.

**discalculia** *n.* dyscalculia.

**discalculica** *adj.* dyscalculic.

**disci** *vt.* dial (*phone number*).

**discin** *adj.* disclike, disc-shaped.

**disco** *n.* disc, discus, roundel; disk, record, CD, DVD; dial (*telephone*, *radio*, *etc.*); disco (*music*). **disco compata**compact disc, CD. **disco de hoci** hockey puck. **disco de inisia** startup disk. **disco de vinil** record (*vinyl*).**disco dur** hard disk, hard drive. **disco mol** floppy disk. **disco video** video disc, DVD.

**discografia** *n.* discography.

**discoteca** *n.* disco, discotheque.

**discreta** *adj.* discreet.

**discutable** *adj.* debatable, up for discussion, moot.

**discute** *vt.* discuss, talk about, deliberate. ● *n.* discussion, deliberation.

**dise** *vt.* say, state, tell, utter. ● *n.* utterance. **dise coreta** be correct, be right (*in what one says*). **dise forte** *v.*assert. ● *n.* assertion. **on dise ce** they say that, it is said that, it is rumoured that. **on ta dise** one might say, you could say, as it were. **per dise** namely, that is to say, in other words, to wit, i.e. **per dise esata** strictly speaking.

**diseda** *adj.* said. ● *n.* saying, maxim, adage, proverb. **como diseda par** according to, as said by. **diseda saja**wise saying, word of wisdom, aphorism.

**diseno** [disenó] *n.* naysayer.

**disenteria** *n.* dysentery.

**disenti** *vi.* dissent. ● *n.* dissention.

**disentor** *n.* dissenter, apostate, non-conformist.

**disesi** [disesí] *n.* yesman.

**disfajia** *n.* dysphagia (*medical*).

**disfasia** *n.* dysphasia (*medical*).

**disforia** *n.* dysphoria (*medical*).

**disi** *n.* flowerpecker (*bird*: *Dicaeidae*).

**disionario** *n.* dictionary. **disionario de sinonimes** synonym dictionary, thesaurus.

**disipa** *vi.* dissipate.

**disipador** *n.* dissipator. **disipador de caldia** heat sink.

**disiplina** *vt.* discipline, chasten. ● *n.* discipline.

**disiplinor** *n.* disciplinarian, martinet.

**disiplo** *n.* disciple, protégé.

**dislexia** *n.* dyslexia.

**dislexica** *adj.* dyslexic.

**disolvable** *adj.* dissolvable, soluble.

**disolve** *vi.* dissolve. ● *n.* dissolution; solution (*liquid mixture*).

**disolveda** *adj.* dissolved. ● *n.* solute.

**disolvente** *adj.* dissolving. ● *n.* solvent.

**dispepsia** *n.* dyspepsia, dyspepsy.

**dispepsica** *adj.* dyspeptic.

**displasia** *n.* dysplasia (*medical*).

**dispnea** *n.* dyspnoea (US dyspnea) (*medical*).

**disponable** *adj.* available.

**disponablia** *n.* availability.

**dispone** *vt.* have available, have at one’s disposal; e.g. *nos no dispone un lavabo*.

**disposa** *vt.* dispose (*someone to*), predispose, incline. ● *n.* disposition, predisposition, attitude, approach, stance.**disposa mental** mental attitude, mindset, mentality.

**disposada** *adj.* inclined, disposed, predisposed.

**disprosio** *n.* dysprosium (*medical*).

**disputa** *vt.* dispute, quarrel over, argue about, contest, row, impugn. ● *n.* dispute, quarrel, argument, debate, conflict, strife, row, feud, dust-up, fracas, wrangle.

**disputable** *adj.* arguable, controversial.

**disputada** *adj.* disputed, controversial.

**disputeta** *n.* spat, minor quarrel.

**disputosa** *adj.* quarrelsome, argumentative, tetchy, irritable, bad-tempered, ill-tempered, hot-tempered, quick-tempered, irascible, cross, surly, choleric, grouchy, grumpy, peevish, prickly, bolshy, crabby, cantankerous, fractious, pugnacious, scrappy, truculent. ● *n.* curmudgeon, hothead.

**distante** *adj.* distant, remote, distal, far, far away, far out, afar, outlying; aloof. ● *adv.* far away, in the distance, distantly. **plu distante ca** farther than, beyond.

**distanti** *vi.* distance, move away, grow distant. ● *vt.* make distant, take far away.

**distantia** *n.* distance. **a distantia** remote, (*operating*) from a distance. **distantia focal** focal length.

**distila** *vt.* distil (US distill). ● *n.* distillation.

**distilada** *adj.* distilled. ● *n.* distillate, liquor, spirit, booze (*distilled beverage*).

**distilador** *n.* still, alembic.

**distileria** *n.* distillery.

**distinguable** *adj.* distinguishable, distinct.

**distingui** *vt.* distinguish, differentiate, discriminate, tell apart, characterize. ● *n.* distinction, differentiation, discrimination, characterization. **sin distingui** indiscriminate, undifferentiated.

**distinguida** *adj.* distinct, distinctive.

**distinguinte** *adj.* selective, discriminating. ● *n.* distinguishing feature, idiosyncrasy. **distinguinte leteras major** case-sensitive.

**distonia** *n.* dystonia (*medical*).

**distrae** *vt.* distract. ● *n.* distraction.

**distraeda** *adj.* distracted, absent-minded.

**distribuador** *n.* distributor.

**distribui** *vt.* distribute, dispense, serve out, hand out, hand round; deal (*cards*). ● *n.* distribution. **distribui proportial** distribute proportionally, prorate.

**distribuor** *n.* distributor.

**distrital** *adj.* district, regional.

**distriti** *vt.* district, divide into districts.

**distrito** *n.* district, precinct, borough, township.

**distrofia** *n.* dystrophy (*medical*).

**distrofica** *adj.* dystrophic.

**disturba** *vt.* disturb, perturb, disrupt, interfere (*with normal functioning*); interrupt, intrude on, impose on, put out, disconcert, unsettle, bother. — *Disturba* suggests a minor interruption; *turba* suggests a more serious upset. ● *n.* disturbance, perturbation, disruption, commotion, imposition, ruckus, rumpus; disorder, condition (*medical*). **disturba se (per)** be bothered (*with*), go to the trouble (*of*), make the effort (*of*).

**disturbable** *adj.* disturbable.

**disturbada** *adj.* disturbed. **es disturbada par** be bothered by, mind.

**disturbante** *adj.* disturbing, uncanny.

**disulfido** *n.* disulphide (US disulfide) (*chemistry*).

**disuria** *n.* dysuria (*medical*).

**dita** *vt.* dictate. ● *n.* dictation.

**ditador** *n.* dictaphone.

**dital** *n.* thimble.

**diti** *vt.* finger. **diti se** (*colloquial*) touch oneself, wank (*masturbate*).

**ditin** *adj.* fingerlike.

**dito** *n.* finger; digit. **dito de anelo** ring finger, fourth finger. **dito de pede** toe. **dito indicante** index finger.**dito martelin** hammertoe. **dito media** middle finger. **dito peti** little finger, pinky, pinkie. **sur ditos de pedes** on tiptoe. See *orteo*.

**diton** *n.* thumb; inch (*unit of length*). **diton de pede** big toe.

**ditransitiva** *adj.* ditransitive, divalent (*grammar*).

**diurese** *n.* diuresis (*medical*).

**diuretico** *n.* diuretic.

**diurna** *adj.* daytime, diurnal.

**diva** *n.* goddess; diva.

**divalente** *adj.* divalent.

**divali** *n.* Diwali, Deepavali (*Hindu festival*).

**Divehi** *n.* Maldives. **divehi** *adj.* & *n.* Maldivian. See *Maldives*.

**diverjador** *n.* overflow, spillway.

**diverje** *vi.* divert, diverge, shunt, sidetrack, turn in another direction. ● *n.* divergence.

**diverjente** *adj.* divergent.

**diversa** *adj.* diverse, motley, various, miscellaneous, several, assorted, numerous, ragtag, sundry, a range of.**cosas diversa** various things, several things.

**diversi** *vi.* & *vt.* diversify.

**diversia** *n.* diversity, variety.

**diverti** *vi.* have fun, enjoy oneself. ● *vt.* amuse, entertain, divert, regale. ● *n.* amusement, entertainment, diversion, fun, frivolity. **diverti bon** have fun, have a good time.

**diverticulite** *n.* diverticulitis (*medical*).

**diverticulo** *n.* diverticulum (*anatomy*, *medical*).

**diverticulose** *n.* diverticulosis (*medical*).

**divertida** *adj.* amused, entertained.

**divertinte** *adj.* amusing, entertaining, fun, light-hearted.

**divertor** *n.* entertainer.

**dividable** *adj.* divisible, capable of being divided.

**divide** *vi.* divide, part, split, fork, partition, sever. ● *vt.* divide, part, split, fork, partition; ration, hand over part of, share out. ● *n.* division, parting, splitting, split, partitioning; rationing; septum (*anatomy*). **divide de comeda** food rationing.

**divideda** *adj.* divided, split, forked, cloven, cleft. ● *n.* numerator. **divideda entre** divided by.

**dividendo** *n.* dividend.

**dividente** *adj.* dividing, divisive. ● *n.* divisor, denominator.

**divin** *adj.* divine, godlike. ● *n.* deity, godhead, deva.

**divina** *vt.* guess, conjecture, speculate. ● *n.* guess, speculation, guesswork. **divina informada** educated guess.**divina ritual** divination.

**divinante** *adj.* guessing, speculative.

**divini** *vi.* become divine. ● *vt.* deify, apotheosize. ● *n.* deification, apotheosis.

**divinisme** *n.* deism.

**diviniste** *adj.* deistic, deist. ● *n.* deist.

**divinor** *n.* speculator; soothsayer.

**divorsa** *vt.* & *n.* divorce.

**divorsada** *n.* divorcee.

**djadjici** *n.* tzatziki (*food*).

**Djava** *n.* Java. **djava** *adj.* & *n.* Javanese (*person*, *language*). **Mar Djava** Java Sea.

**djembe** *n.* djembe (*drum*).

**Djibuti** *n.* Djibouti. **djibuti** *adj.* & *n.* Djibouti, Djiboutian.

**djihad** *n.* jihad. **djihad grande** greater jihad.

**djihadiste** *n.* jihadi, jihadist.

**djini** *n.* genie, jinni, djinn.

**djiniu** *n.* Jin, Jin-yu (*language*).

**djuang** *adj.* & *n.* Zhuang (*person*, *language*).

**do**¹ *adv.* (*interrogative*) where; (*relative*) where; e.g. *do es la porte?*; *do nos vade?*; *me no sabe do la porte es*;*un parte de la pais do on bisicli multe*. ● *subord.* where; e.g. *me es felis do me senta*; *los escava su do on ia trova la osos*. **a do** to where, where to, whither. **de do** from where, where from, whence. **sempre do**wherever.

**do**² *n.* do (*musical note*).

**doberman** *n.* Doberman (US Dobermann) (*dog*).

**dobro** *n.* dobro (*guitar*).

**doca** *n.* dock, wharf.

**doci** *vt.* dock.

**docor** *n.* docker, dock worker, longshoreman, stevedore.

**documenti** *vt.* document. ● *n.* documentation (*action*).

**documento** *n.* document, certificate. **documento de nase** birth certificate. **documentos** documents, documentation. **documentos de identia** identity documents, credentials. **documentos de rexerca**research material, research documents. **documentos fondal** background material, background documents.**documentos orijinal** source material, source documents. **sin documentos** undocumented.

**dodo** *n.* dodo (*bird*: *Raphus cucullatus*).

**dogma** *n.* dogma.

**dogmisme** *n.* dogmatism.

**dogmosa** *adj.* dogmatic.

**dolable** *adj.* vulnerable.

**dolar** *n.* dollar.

**dole** *vi.* feel pain, hurt, ache; e.g. *me dole*; *mea gama dole*. ● *vt.* cause pain to, pain, hurt, afflict; e.g. *mea sapatos dole me*. ● *n.* pain, hurt, ache, suffering, affliction, gyp. **dole agu** sharp pain, pang. **dole de cor** heartache (*metaphor*). **dole de dente** toothache. **dole de dorso** backache, back pain. **dole de mundo** world-weariness, Weltschmerz. **dole de orea** earache. **dole de stomaco** stomach ache. **dole de testa** headache.**dole de ventre** bellyache. **doles de mori** death throes. **sin dole** painless.

**dolente** *adj.* hurtful.

**doleta** *vi.* & *n.* ache.

**doletosa** *adj.* achy, aching.

**dolico-** *pref.* dolicho- (*long*).

**dolina** *n.* sinkhole, swallowhole, swallet, doline.

**dolineta** *n.* pothole.

**dolmen** *n.* dolmen (*tomb*).

**dolomita** *n.* dolomite (*mineral*).

**dolon** *n.* agony, extreme pain.

**dolosa** *adj.* painful, sore.

**doma** *vt.* domesticate, tame. **doma esibal** dressage.

**domada** *adj.* domesticated, tame, domestic.

**doman** *adv.* & *n.* tomorrow. **a la dia pos doman** the day after tomorrow.

**domina** *vt.* dominate, domineer, subjugate, exert power over; predominate, prevail, obtain. ● *n.* domination, dominion, domain, sovereignty, predomination, preponderance. **domina publica** public domain.

**dominante** *adj.* dominant, domineering, predominant; mainstream.

**Dominica** *n.* Dominica.

**dominican** *adj.* & *n.* Dominican (*of Dominica*, *the Dominican Republic*, *the monastic order*). **Republica Dominican** Dominican Republic.

**domino** *n.* domino. **dominos** dominoes (*game*).

**dominor** *n.* dominator, dominatrix.

**dona** *vt.* give, contribute, donate, impart, pass, hand, confer, grant, endow, bestow, award, vouchsafe. ● *n.*contribution, donation, grant, endowment. **dona acua a** water (*animals*). **dona lete a** nurse (*give milk to*).**dona un titulo a** entitle.

**donada** *adj.* given. ● *n.* present, gift, donation, contribution; tip, pourboire. **donada a Dio** oblation. **donada de Dio** godsend. **donada per studia** scholarship. **donadas** presents, gifts, largesse (US largess).

**donce** *adv.* therefore, so, then, consequently, thus, ergo, thereby. ● *conj.* therefore, so, and so, ergo; e.g. *me pensa, donce me esiste*. **e donce?** so what? (*disinterest*).

**dongle** *n.* dongle (*device*).

**donor** *n.* giver, donor, donator.

**donut** *n.* doughnut, donut.

**dopamina** *n.* dopamine.

**dora** *vt.* gild. **dora de fatos** spin (*political*). **dora la lil** gild the lily.

**dorada** *adj.* gilded, gilt.

**dorado** *n.* dorado (*fish*: *Salminus maxillosus*). **Dorado** *n.* Dorado (*constellation*).

**dormeria** *n.* dormitory (*sleeping quarters*).

**dormeta** *vi.* doze, nap, snooze. ● *n.* doze, nap, snooze, siesta, catnap.

**dormi** *vi.* sleep. ● *n.* sleep, slumber, shuteye. **dormi paradoxal** REM sleep, paradoxical sleep. **dormi tro longa** oversleep. **sin dormi** sleepless.

**dorminte** *adj.* sleeping, asleep, dormant.

**dormosa** *adj.* sleepy, drowsy.

**dormosia** *n.* sleepiness, drowsiness, somnolence.

**doror** *n.* gilder. **doror de fatos** spin doctor (*gilder of facts*).

**dorsal** *adj.* dorsal, of the back.

**dorsi** *vt.* put one’s back to, turn one’s back on.

**dorso** *n.* back, dorsal area; spine (*book*); reverse (*side*); tails (*coin*). **a dorso** on one’s back, piggyback. **dorso de mano** back of the hand. **dorso de montania** mountain ridge.

**dosa** *vt.* dose. ● *n.* dose, drench; jigger.

**dote** *n.* dowry. **dote de bebe** layette.

**dotor** *n.* doctor. **dotor medical** medical doctor, physician.

**dotoral** *adj.* doctoral.

**dox** *n.* dox (*exposure of information*).

**doxi** *vt.* dox.

**Dr** *abbr.* (*dotor*) Dr.

**dracma** *n.* drachma (*currency*).

**draga** *vt.* dredge, trawl.

**dragabombeta** *n.* minesweeper.

**dragador** *n.* dredger, trawler.

**dragon** *n.* dragon. **Dragon** *n.* Draco (*constellation*).

**dragster** *n.* dragster (*car*).

**draisin** *n.* handcar (*railway maintenance vehicle*).

**drama** *n.* drama.

**dramal** *adj.* dramatic, theatrical.

**dramaturjia** *n.* dramaturgy.

**drami** *vt.* dramatize. ● *n.* dramatization.

**dramiste** *n.* dramatist.

**dramosa** *adj.* dramatic, dramatical, spectacular, histrionic.

**drape** *vi.* drape, swag.

**dravidian** *adj.* Dravidian.

**drena** *vi.* & *vt.* drain. ● *n.* drainage.

**drepani** *n.* Hawaiian honeycreeper (*bird*: *Drepanidinae*).

**dribla** *vt.* dribble (*ball*).

**droga** *n.* drug.

**drogamania** *n.* drug addiction, drug habit.

**drogamanica** *adj.* addicted to drugs. ● *n.* drug addict, junkie.

**drogi** *vt.* drug, dope.

**droma** *n.* crab plover (*bird*: *Dromas ardeola*).

**dromedario** *n.* dromedary.

**drongo** *n.* drongo (*bird*: *Dicruridae*).

**drosera** *n.* sundew (*plant*: *Drosera*).

**Druciul** *n.* Bhutan. See *drucpa, Butan*.

**drucpa** *adj.* & *n.* Bhutanese, Bhutanse. See *butan, Druciul*.

**druida** *n.* druid.

**drupa** *n.* drupe (*botany*).

**du** *det.* two. ● *adj.* second (*ordinal*). ● *n.* two, deuce (*cards*). ● *pref.* great-(*grandparent*). **a du veses** twice. **la monte du de la plu altas** the second highest mountain. **la monte du la plu alta** the second highest mountain.

**duable** *adj.* even (*number*).

**dual** *adj.* dual (*grammar*).

**dualia** *n.* duality.

**duana** *n.* customs (*agency*).

**duanial** *adj.* biennial.

**duanor** *n.* customs official.

**duava** *n.* great-grandmother.

**duavi** *n.* great-grandparent.

**duavo** *n.* great-grandfather.

**dubnio** *n.* dubnium (*element*).

**ducat** *n.* ducat (*coin*).

**ducolorida** *adj.* two-coloured (US two-colored), piebald, skewbald.

**dudes** *det.* twenty. ● *adj.* twentieth (*ordinal*).

**dudesi** *vi.* & *vt.* split into twenty. ● *n.* twentieth (*fraction*).

**dudesim** *n.* five-pence piece, five-cent piece, nickel (*coin*).

**duel** *n.* duel.

**dufel** *n.* duffel, duffle.

**dugong** *n.* dugong (*animal*: *Dugong dugon*).

**dui** *vi.* halve, split in two, bisect, fork, bifurcate. ● *n.* half, moiety. ● *pref.* half-, semi-, hemi-. See *emi-, semi-*.

**duicalson** *n.* leggings.

**duiconsensa** *adj.* semiconscious.

**duiconsensia** *n.* semiconsciousness.

**duida** *adj.* halved, half.

**duifrate** *n.* half-brother.

**duigalopa** *vi.* & *n.* canter.

**duilus** *n.* twilight, half light.

**duiplen** *adj.* half full.

**duisentim** *n.* halfpenny, ha’penny, halfpence.

**duisore** *n.* half-sister.

**duivive** *n.* half-life.

**dulse** *adj.* sweet; nice, gentle, dulset; cute. **dulse per la oios** *adj.* nice to look at, pleasing on the eye. ● *n.*(*colloquial*) eye candy.

**dulsi** *vi.* & *vt.* sweeten.

**dulsia** *n.* sweetness, gentleness, cuteness.

**dulsimer** *n.* dulcimer. **dulsimer martelida** hammered dulcimer.

**dulsinte** *n.* sweetener.

**dumensal** *adj.* bimonthly (*once every two months*).

**duna** *n.* dune. **duna de neva** snowdrift.

**duneta** *n.* great-granddaughter.

**dunete** *n.* great-grandchild.

**duneto** *n.* great-grandson.

**duodeno** *n.* duodenum (*anatomy*).

**duple** *adj.* double, twofold, duplex, dual. ● *adv.* doubly, twice. ● *n.* double, pair, couple, duet, couplet, dyad.**deveni un duple** become a couple. **divide a duples** divide into pairs, pair up. **en duples** two by two, in pairs, in couples. **grupi a duples** group into pairs, pair up.

**dupli** *vi.* double, duplicate. ● *vi.* double, duplicate; dub, overdub (*audio*). ● *n.* duplication, redundancy; dubbing (*audio*).

**duplia** *n.* duality.

**duplida** *adj.* doubled, duplicated; dubbed, overdubbed.

**duplinte** *adj.* duplicating, redundant.

**duplisme** *n.* dualism, duality, dichotomy, bifurcation.

**dupliste** *n.* dualist; duettist.

**dupunto** *n.* colon.

**dur** *adj.* hard, firm, tough, resistant to pressure; harsh, hostile (*environment*); difficult.

**dura**¹ *vi.* endure, continue to exist, last, hold out, eke out. ● *n.* endurance, stamina, staying power, durability.**dura plu longa ca** outlast. **dura tra** last for, endure for (*a specified time*).

**dura-**² *pref.* dura- (*hard*).

**duramadre** *n.* dura mater (*anatomy*).

**durante** *adj.* durable, resilient, robust, sturdy, hardy, strong, tough, lasting, long-lasting. — *Durante* does not mean *during*.

**duri** *vi.* & *vt.* harden, toughen, hard-boil.

**durzi** *adj.* & *n.* Druze (*Islam*).

**dusento** *det.* two hundred. ● *adj.* two hundredth (*ordinal*).

**dusobrin** *n.* grandniece or grandnephew (*cousin of one’s grandchildren’s generation*).

**dusobrina** *n.* grandniece.

**dusobrino** *n.* grandnephew.

**duta** *vt.* doubt. ● *n.* doubt, qualm, reservation. **dutas** doubts, scruples, reservations. **sin duta** doubtless, undoubted; undoubtedly. **sin duta tu era** you must be mistaken.

**dutable** *adj.* doubtable, dubitable, questionable, open to doubt.

**dutada** *adj.* doubted, dubious, doubtful.

**dutante** *adj.* sceptical (US skeptical), doubtful.

**dutia** [dutía] *n.* female cousin of one’s grandparents’ generation.

**dutie** *n.* cousin of one’s grandparents’ generation.

**dutio** [dutío] *n.* male cousin of one’s grandparents’ generation.

**duto** *n.* duct, shaft (*tunnel*); tract, vessel. **duto de caldi** heating duct, flue. **duto de fuma** flue. **duto sangual**blood vessel.

**dutosa** *adj.* doubtful, doubting.

**dux** *n.* shower, sprinkler; shower stall, shower cubicle. **dux vajinal** vaginal douche.

**duxal** *adj.* ducal.

**Duxanbe** *n.* Dushanbe (*city*).

**duxe** *n.* duke.

**duxesa** *n.* duchess.

**duxi** *vt.* shower, sprinkle; water (*flowers*). ● *n.* shower (*occurrence*). **duxi se** take a shower.

**duxia** *n.* duchy.

**duxierba** *n.* garden sprinkler.

**dvd** *abbr.* (*disco video dijital*) DVD.

E

**e**¹ [e] *letter* e.

**e**² *conj.* and. **e … e** both … and; e.g. *e esta e acel*. **e/o** and/or.

**e-**³ *pref.* e- (*electronic*).

**ebano** *n.* ebony (*Ebenaceae*).

**ebefrenia** *n.* hebephrenia (*medical*).

**ebefrenica** *adj.* hebephrenic.

**ebonita** *n.* ebonite (*rubber*).

**ec** *abbr.* (*de la eda comun*) CE, AD, anno domini.

**ecdisozon** *n.* ecdysozoon (pl. ecdysozoa) (*organism*: *Ecdysozoa*).

**ecg** *abbr.* (*eletrocardiograf*) ECG, EKG.

**ecidna** *n.* echidna, spiny anteater (*Tachyglossidae*).

**ecimose** *n.* ecchymosis (*medical*).

**ecinodermato** *n.* echinoderm (*organism*: *Echinodermata*).

**ecipo** *n.* crew, team, squad, cadre. **ecipo prima** first team, varsity.

**ecipor** *n.* crew member, team member.

**eclampsia** *n.* eclampsia (*medical*).

**ecler** *n.* éclair (*cake*).

**ecletica** *adj.* eclectic, catholic.

**ecleticisme** *n.* eclecticism.

**eclis** *n.* eclipse. **eclis anelo** annular eclipse.

**eclisal** *adj.* & *n.* ecliptic.

**eclisi** *vi.* & *vt.* eclipse.

**eco**¹ *n.* echo. **fa un eco** echo.

**eco-**² *pref.* eco-.

**ecograf** *n.* echograph, sonograph, ultrasonograph.

**ecografi** *vt.* echograph, sonograph, ultrasonograph.

**ecografia** *n.* echography, sonography, ultrasonography.

**ecogram** *n.* echogram, sonogram, ultrasonogram.

**ecolalia** *n.* echolalia (*medical*).

**ecoloca** *vt.* echolocate. ● *n.* echolocation.

**ecolojia** *n.* ecology.

**ecolojial** *adj.* ecological. **ecolojial sana** environmentally friendly, eco-friendly.

**ecolojiste** *n.* ecologist.

**ecomersia** *n.* e-commerce.

**economia** *n.* economy; economics. **economia de mercato** market economy. **economia libraliste** liberal economy, laissez-faire economy. **economia matematical** mathematical economy.

**economial** *adj.* economic.

**economiste** *n.* economist.

**ecosa** *adj.* echoic.

**ecoside** *vt.* commit ecocide, destroy the environment. ● *n.* ecoside.

**ecosistem** *n.* ecosystem.

**ecotono** *n.* ecotone (*biology*).

**ecoturisme** *n.* ecotourism.

**ectare** *n.* hectare (*unit of area*).

**ecto-** *pref.* hecto- (*hundred*).

**ectoderma** *n.* ectoderm (*anatomy*).

**ectogram** *n.* hectogram.

**ectolitre** *n.* hectolitre (US hectoliter).

**ectometre** *n.* hectometre (US hectometer).

**-ectomia** *n.suff.* -ectomy (*surgery*).

**ectopia** *n.* ectopia (*medical*).

**ectopica** *adj.* ectopic.

**ectoplasma** *n.* ectoplasm.

**Ecuador** *n.* Ecuador.

**ecuadoran** *adj.* & *n.* Ecuadoran.

**ecuatoginean** *adj.* & *n.* Ecuatorial Guinean, Ecuatoginean. See *Gine Ecuatoral*.

**ecuator** *n.* equator.

**ecuatoral** *adj.* equatorial.

**ecui-** *pref.* equi-.

**ecuidistante** *adj.* equidistant.

**ecuiladal** *adj.* equilateral.

**ecuilibra** *vi.* & *vt.* balance, poise. ● *n.* balance, equilibrium, kilter. **ecuilibra idrostatical** hydrostatic balance, hydrostatic equilibrium.

**ecuinote** *n.* equinox. **ecuinote de autono** autumnal equinox. **ecuinote de primavera** vernal equinox.

**ecuisito** *n.* horsetail (*plant*: *Equisetum*).

**eczema** *n.* eczema (*medical*).

**eda** *n.* age (*measure of years*); age, era. **ante la eda comun** before the common era (*BCE*), before Christ (*BC*).**de la eda comun** common era (*CE*), anno domini (*AD*). **eda comun** common era. **eda de bronze** bronze age. **eda de fero** iron age. **eda de petra** stone age. **eda glasial** ice age. **eda grande** longevity. **eda matur** old age. **eda media** middle age. **eda oro** golden age, heyday, halcyon days. **eda scolal** school age.

**edema** *n.* oedema (US edema) (*medical*).

**Eden** *n.* Eden.

**eder** *n.* eider, eider duck (*Somateria*).

**edera** *n.* ivy (*Hedera*).

**ederdon** *n.* eiderdown.

**edipal** *adj.* Oedipal.

**Edipo** *n.* Oedipus.

**edisme** *n.* ageism (US agism).

**ediste** *adj.* ageist (US agist).

**edita** *vt.* edit. ● *n.* editing; edit, edition.

**editador** *n.* (*software*) editor, editing program. **editador de fasimil** WYSIWYG editor.

**editor** *n.* editor.

**editorial** *n.* editorial.

**edonisme** *n.* hedonism, sybaritism.

**edoniste** *adj.* hedonistic. ● *n.* hedonist, sybarite.

**-edro** *n.suff.* -hedron (*geometric solid*).

**educa** *vt.* educate, school, edify. ● *n.* education, edification. **educa ajuntada** further education. **educa coletiva** mass education. **educa de liseo** secondary education. **educa de universia** higher education, tertiary education. **educa prima** primary education.

**educable** *adj.* educable.

**educada** *adj.* educated, schooled, learned.

**educal** *adj.* educational.

**educor** *n.* educator.

**Edward, Lago** *n.* Lake Edward.

**efedra** *n.* ephedra (*plant*: *Ephedra*).

**efedrina** *n.* ephedrine (*drug*).

**efemera** *adj.* ephemeral. ● *n.* mayfly (*Ephemeroptera*). **efemeras** ephemera.

**efeto** *n.* effect; consequence, impact, footprint. **efeto de Doppler** Doppler effect. **efeto de moda** bandwagon effect. **efeto invernerial** greenhouse effect. **efeto spesial** special effect. **en efeto** in effect, effectively.

**efrata** *vt.* burgle (US burglarize). ● *n.* burglary.

**efrator** *n.* burglar.

**egal** *adj.* equal, equivalent, tantamount; tied, drawn. ● *n.* tie, draw (*match result*); toss-up. **sin egal** without equal, unequalled (US unequaled), unrivalled (US unrivaled), unmatched, matchless, peerless, nonpareil.

**egalador** *n.* equalizer (*filter*).

**egali** *vi.* equalize, become equal, catch up. ● *vt.* equalize, make equal. ● *vt.* match, rival, equate to, catch up with. ● *n.* equation. **atenta egali** try to catch up, play catch-up. **egali diferensial** differential equation.

**egalia** *n.* equality, parity, equivalence.

**egalinte** *adj.* equalizing. ● *n.* equalizer.

**egalisme** *n.* egalitarianism.

**egaliste** *adj.* egalitarian.

**egipsian** *adj.* & *n.* Egyptian.

**Egipte** *n.* Egypt. **Egipte antica** Ancient Egypt. See *Misre*.

**egiptolojia** *n.* Egyptology.

**egiptolojiste** *n.* Egyptologist.

**eglefin** *n.* haddock (*Melanogrammus aeglefinus*).

**eglesa** *n.* church (*building*, *organization*).

**eglesal** *adj.* ecclesiastic.

**egleseta** *n.* chapel.

**eglesor** *n.* member of the clergy, clergyman, clergywoman, cleric, parson, pastor, minister, chaplain. **eglesor alta** prelate. **eglesor fema** clergywoman. **eglesor mas** clergyman. **eglesores** clergy.

**ego** *n.* ego, self. **otra ego** alter ego. **sin ego** selfless.

**egoisme** [egoïsme] *n.* selfishness.

**egoiste** [egoïste] *adj.* selfish, egotistical. ● *n.* egoist.

**egomania** *n.* egomania.

**egomanica** *adj.* egomaniac, egomaniacal.

**egosa** *adj.* egotistical, arrogant, insolent, haughty, conceited, vainglorious, overweening, puffed-up, overbearing, pretentious, affected, ostentatious, full of oneself, conceited, stuck-up, bold, brash, high-handed, snippy, snotty, supercilious, uppity.

**egosentral** *adj.* egocentric.

**egosia** *n.* egotism, arrogance, insolence, conceit.

**egoverna** *n.* e-government.

**egreta** *n.* egret (*bird*: *Egretta*).

**ejacula** *vt.* ejaculate. ● *n.* ejaculation.

**ejean** *adj.* Aegean.

**ejemonia** *n.* hegemony.

**Ejeo** *n.* Aegean (*region*). **Mar Ejeo** Aegean Sea.

**ejeta** *vt.* eject. ● *n.* ejection, ouster.

**ejetada** *adj.* ejective. ● *n.* ejective (*consonant*).

**ejitalido** *n.* bushtit, long-tailed tit (*bird*: *Aegithalidae*).

**el** *pron.* he, she; him, her; it (*animal or personified thing*). **el ci** he who, she who, the one who; e.g. *el ci osa gania*.

**ela** *pron.* she, her. — The normal word for either *she* or *he* is *el*. The word *ela* is occasionally used for reasons of clarity and style if, for example, one is narrating a conversation between a woman (*ela*) and a man (*elo*).

**Elam** *n.* Elam (*ancient civilization*).

**elaman** *adj.* & *n.* Elamite.

**Elas** *n.* Greece. See *elinica*.

**elastan** *n.* elastane, lycra, spandex. **de elastan** (*made of*) elastane, lycra, spandex.

**elastica** *adj.* elastic, stretchy, stretch. ● *n.* elastic.

**elasticia** *n.* elasticity.

**elefante** *n.* elephant (*Elephantidae*). **elefante-de-mar** *n.* elephant seal, sea elephant (*Mirounga*).

**elefantiase** *n.* elephantiasis.

**elefantin** *adj.* elephantine.

**elefen** *adj.* & *n.* Elefen, Lingua Franca Nova.

**elefeni** *vi.* & *vt.* Elefenize, translate into Elefen.

**elefeniste** *n.* Elefenist, Elefen speaker, Elefen advocate.

**elejable** *adj.* electable, eligible, alternative, optional, discretionary. ● *n.* option, alternative, choice.

**elejablia** *n.* elegibility, electability.

**elejal** *adj.* electoral, elective.

**eleje** *vt.* choose, select, pick, elect, opt. ● *n.* choice, election, selection. **eleje natural** natural selection. **eleje no partisipa** opt out. **eleje par comite** co-opt. **eleje partisipa** opt in.

**elejedas** *n.pl.* chosen ones, elect.

**elejente** *adj.* discriminating, choosy.

**elejor** *n.* elector.

**elemento** *n.* element (*basic part*, *including chemical*); factor.

**eletrica** *n.* electricity.

**eletrical** *adj.* electrical, electric.

**eletrici** *vt.* electrify. ● *n.* electrification.

**eletricida** *adj.* electrified, electric.

**eletricinte** *adj.* electrifying.

**eletriciste** *n.* electrician.

**eletrocardiograf** *n.* electrocardiograph, ECG scanner, EKG scanner.

**eletrocardiografia** *n.* electrocardiography.

**eletrocardiogram** *n.* electrocardiogram, ECG scan, EKG scan.

**eletrocuta** *vt.* electrocute. ● *n.* electrocution.

**eletrodinamica** *n.* electrodynamics.

**eletrodinamical** *adj.* electrodynamic.

**eletrodo** *n.* electrode.

**eletroensefalograf** *n.* electroencephalograph.

**eletroensefalografia** *n.* electroencephalography.

**eletroensefalogram** *n.* electroencephalogram.

**eletrofisiolojia** *n.* electrophysiology.

**eletroforese** *n.* electrophoresis.

**eletrolisal** *adj.* electrolytic.

**eletrolise** *vt.* electrolyse (US electrolyze). ● *n.* electrolysis.

**eletrolito** *n.* electrolyte.

**eletromagnetal** *adj.* electromagnetic.

**eletromagnete** *n.* electromagnet.

**eletromagnetia** *n.* electromagnetism.

**eletromecanica** *n.* electromechanics.

**eletromecanical** *adj.* electromechanical.

**eletromotiva** *adj.* electromotive.

**eletron** *n.* electron.

**eletronegativa** *adj.* electronegative.

**eletronica** *n.* electronics (*science*).

**eletronical** *adj.* electronic. **eletronicales** electronics (*components*).

**eletroplaca** *vt.* electroplate. ● *n.* electroplating.

**eletropositiva** *adj.* electropositive.

**eletrosirurjia** *n.* electrosurgery.

**eletrostatica** *n.* electrostatics.

**eletrostatical** *adj.* electrostatic.

**eleva** *vt.* bring up, raise, rear, nurture; breed (*raise animals*). ● *n.* upbringing, nurture; breeding, husbandry.**eleva de abeas** apiculture, beekeeping. **eleva de animales** raising animals, breeding animals, animal husbandry. **eleva de enfantes** parenting, raising children. **eleva endogama** inbreed.

**eleveria** *n.* farm, stud (*breeding animals*).

**elevor** *n.* breeder (*animals*).

**elfin** *adj.* elfin, elfish, pixieish.

**elfo** *n.* elf, pixie, pixy, sprite, hobgoblin.

**elianto** *n.* sunflower (*plant*, *bloom*: *Helianthus annuus*).

**elica** *adj.* helical, helicoid. ● *n.* helix; propeller.

**elicador** *n.* auger. **elicador de Arcimede** Archimedes’ screw.

**elicotor** *n.* helicopter. **elicotor de ataca** helicopter gunship.

**elidi** *vt.* elide. ● *n.* elision.

**elimina** *vt.* eliminate, annihilate, obliterate, eradicate, exterminate, extirpate, purge, expunge; knock out (*from contest*). ● *n.* elimination, annihilation, obliteration, eradication, extermination, extirpation, purge.

**elinica** *adj.* Greek, Grecian, Hellenic. ● *n.* Greek, Hellene. See *Elas*.

**elinici** *vi.* & *vt.* hellenize. ● *n.* hellenization.

**elinisme** *n.* Hellenism.

**eliniste** *adj.* Hellenistic. ● *n.* Hellenist.

**elio** *n.* helium.

**eliofilia** *n.* heliophilia (*biology*).

**eliofilica** *adj.* heliophilic. ● *n.* heliophile.

**eliosentral** *adj.* heliocentric.

**eliotropo** *adj.* heliotrope (*colour*). ● *n.* heliotrope (*plant*).

**eliporto** *n.* heliport.

**elise** *adj.* elliptic, elliptical. ● *n.* ellipse.

**elisme** *n.* illeism (*referring to oneself in the third person*).

**elisoide** *adj.* ellipsoid, ellipsoidal. ● *n.* ellipsoid.

**elisurfas** *n.* helipad.

**elite** *adj.* elite.

**elitisme** *n.* elitism.

**elitiste** *adj.* elitist.

**elizabetan** *adj.* Elizabethan.

**elmin** *adj.* helmetlike, helmet-shaped.

**elminto** *n.* helminth, parasitic worm (*Platielminto*).

**elmintose** *n.* helminthiasis, helmintosis, worms.

**elmo** *n.* helmet, hard hat.

**elo** *pron.* he, him. — The normal word for either *he* or *she* is *el*. The word *elo* is occasionally used for reasons of clarity and style if, for example, one is narrating a conversation between a man (*elo*) and a woman (*ela*).

**em** *interj.* um, uh, er, erm (*hesitation*).

**ematemese** *n.* haematemesis (US hematemesis) (*medical*).

**ematita** *n.* haematite (US hematite) (*mineral*).

**emato-** *pref.* haemato- (US hemato-) (*blood*).

**ematolojia** *n.* haematology (US hematology).

**ematoma** *n.* haematoma (US hematoma), bruising. **ematoma periorbital** periorbital haematoma (US hematoma), black eye.

**ematopoiesal** *adj.* haematopoietic (US hematopoietic), haemopoietic (US hemopoietic).

**ematopoiese** *n.* haematopoiesis (US hematopoiesis), haemopoiesis (US hemopoiesis) (*biology*).

**ematozon** *n.* haematozoon (US hematozoon) (pl. haematozoa) (*organism*).

**ematuria** *n.* haematuria (US hematuria) (*medical*).

**embarasa** *vt.* embarrass, mortify. ● *n.* embarrassment, chagrin.

**embarasada** *adj.* embarrassed, sheepish.

**embarasante** *adj.* embarrassing.

**embarca** *vt.* embark, board, go aboard, entrain; undertake, address oneself to (*task*); broach, bring up (*topic*).

**embargo** *n.* embargo.

**emberiza** *n.* bunting (*bird*: *Emberiza*, etc.).

**embolia** *n.* embolism.

**embolo** *n.* embolus (*medical*).

**embosce** *vt.* ambush, waylay. ● *n.* ambush.

**embosceda** *adj.* ambushed, waylaid.

**embraje** *n.* clutch (*mechanism*).

**embraji** *vt.* apply the clutch (*to*).

**embrial** *adj.* embryonic, embryonal.

**embrio** *n.* embryo.

**embriolojia** *n.* embryology.

**embriolojial** *adj.* embryological.

**embriolojiste** *n.* embryologist.

**embuti** *vt.* funnel.

**embutin** *adj.* funnel-like.

**embuto** *n.* funnel (*for pouring*); infundibulum.

**Emelia** *n.* Emilia (*Italian region*).

**emelian** *adj.* & *n.* Emilian.

**emeri** *n.* emery.

**emerji** *vi.* emerge, emanate, issue; surface; loom up; hatch. ● *vi.* cause to emerge; bring to the surface; hatch. ●*n.* emergence, emanation.

**emerjinte** *adj.* emerging, emergent. **nova emerjinte** newly emergent, up-and-coming.

**-emese** *n.suff.* -emesis (*vomiting*).

**emetador** *n.* emitter; exhaust (*system*).

**emete** *vt.* emit, effuse, give off. ● *n.* emission, emanation.

**emfisema** *n.* emphysema (*medical*).

**emi-** *pref.* hemi-. See *semi-, dui-*.

**-emia** *n.suff.* -aemia (US -emia) (*blood*).

**-emica** *adj.suff.* -aemic (US -emic).

**emiplejia** *adj.* hemiplegia.

**emiplejica** *adj.* hemiplegic.

**emisfera** *n.* hemisphere.

**emo**¹ *abbr.* (*en mea opina*) IMO, IMHO.

**emo-**² *pref.* haemo- (US hemo-) (*blood*).

**emofilia** *n.* haemophilia (US hemophilia).

**emofilica** *adj.* & *n.* haemophiliac (US hemophiliac).

**emoglobina** *n.* haemoglobin (US hemoglobin).

**emoji** *n.* emoji.

**emolitica** *adj.* haemolytic (US hemolytic).

**emopatolojia** *n.* haemopathology (US hemopathology).

**emopatolojial** *adj.* haemopathological (US hemopathological).

**emorajal** *adj.* haemorrhagic (US hemorrhagic).

**emoraje** *vt.* & *n.* haemorrhage (US hemorrhage).

**emoroide** *n.* haemorrhoid (US hemorrhoid).

**emosia** *vt.* affect, move (*emotionally*). ● *n.* emotion, sentiment, emotiveness, emotivity.

**emosial** *adj.* emotional.

**emosiante** *adj.* emotive.

**emosicon** *n.* emoticon.

**emosiosa** *adj.* sentimental, emotional, labile.

**emosiosia** *n.* sentimentality.

**emosite** *n.* haemocyte (US hemocyte), blood cell.

**emositoblasto** *n.* haemocytoblast (US hemocytoblast).

**emostasal** *adj.* haemostatic (US hemostatic).

**emostase** *n.* haemostasis (US hemostasis) (*medical*).

**emotoxina** *n.* haemotoxin (US hemotoxin).

**empapa** *vt.* soak, drench, waterlog, macerate; indoctrinate. ● *n.* soaking, drenching, maceration; indoctrination.

**empapada** *adj.* soaked, drenched, sodden, soggy.

**empatia** *n.* empathy.

**empatica** *adj.* empathic, empathetic.

**empirical** *adj.* empirical, objective.

**empiricalia** *n.* objectivity.

**empiricalisme** *n.* empiricism.

**empiricaliste** *n.* empiricist.

**emplea** *vt.* employ (*person*), hire. ● *n.* employment, job. **emplea a stranjer** *v.* outsource. ● *n.* outsourcing.**emplea con salario** salaried employment.

**empleable** *adj.* employable.

**empleablia** *n.* employability.

**empleada** *adj.* employed. ● *n.* employee, hireling, staffer. **con tro multe empleadas** overstaffed. **con tro poca empleadas** understaffed. **empleada tempora** temporary employee, temp. **empleadas**employees, staff, personnel.

**empleor** *n.* employer, boss.

**emporta** *vt.* import. ● *n.* importation. **emporta nonlegal** import illegally, bootleg.

**emportor** *n.* importer.

**emprende** *vt.* undertake, take on, take over. ● *n.* undertaking, venture, enterprise (*project*).

**emprendor** *n.* entrepreneur.

**empresta** *vt.* borrow.

**emprestor** *n.* borrower.

**emu** *n.* emu (*bird*: *Dromaius novaehollandiae*).

**emulsion** *n.* emulsion.

**emulsioni** *vi.* & *vt.* emulsify.

**en**¹ *prep.* • in (*a place or condition*), inside, within; e.g. *mea cor es en mea peto*; *ideas en la mente*; *nos es en peril*; *nos es en acorda*; *vive en felisia*; *los senta en un sirculo*. • (*moving*) into; e.g. *el ia cade en la rio*. • in, during (*a period of time*); e.g. *en la note*; *en febrero*; *en 1770*; *el ia scrive la libro en sola tre semanas*; *el ia spende du anios en scrive la prefas*. • in (*a language*, *medium or manner*); e.g. *un jornal en franses*; *parla en modo aidosa*. **a en** *prep.* into. ● *adv.* within, inside, herein. **de en** *prep.* from within, coming out of. ● *adv.*from within. See *cuando*.

**-en**² *n.suff.* -ene (*chemistry*).

**en-**³ *pref.* en-, in-.

**enaira** *vi.* take off, lift off, blast off. ● *n.* take-off, lift-off, blast-off.

**enama** *vt.* enamour (US enamor), cause to fall in love, infatuate. ● *n.* infatuation.

**enamada** *adj.* enamoured (US enamored), infatuated, in love, moonstruck, smitten. **deveni enamada par** fall in love with. **es enamada par** be enamoured (US enamored) with.

**encalia** *vi.* wash up, run aground, become beached, become stranded, become marooned. ● *vt.* beach, strand, maroon.

**encanta** *vt.* enchant, bewitch, beguile, cast a spell, captivate, charm, enrapture, ravish, jinx, transfix. ● *n.* spell, incantation, enchantment, charm, jinx, juju.

**encantada** *adj.* enchanted, bewitched, spellbound. ● *interj.* pleased to meet you.

**encantante** *adj.* charming, engaging; gorgeous, breathtaking, ravishing.

**encantor** *n.* charmer, enchanter, enchantress.

**encarga** *vt.* commission, order, entrust, charge, deputize; e.g. *encarga algun a/con solve la problem*. ● *n.*commission, order, responsibility, onus.

**encargada** *adj.* entrusted, responsible, accountable, answerable, in charge. ● *n.* commission (*authorized group*); deputy.

**encefalina** *n.* enkephalin (*biology*).

**enclave** *n.* enclave.

**enclui** *vt.* enclose, shut in, encapsulate, encase.

**encontra** *vt.* meet, encounter, come across, hook up with. ● *n.* meeting, date, appointment, rendezvous, briefing, assignation, session (*therapy*, *music*). **encontra acaso** *v.* stumble upon. ● *n.* chance encounter. **encontra romantica** romantic rendezvous, tryst.

**endemica** *adj.* & *n.* endemic.

**endo-** *pref.* endo- (*inside*).

**endocrin** *adj.* endocrine (*gland*).

**endocrinolojia** *n.* endocrinology.

**endocrinolojial** *adj.* endocrinological.

**endocrinolojiste** *n.* endocrinologist.

**endogama** *adj.* endogamous, inbred.

**endogamia** *n.* endogamy, inbreeding.

**endojenesal** *adj.* endogenous.

**endojenese** *n.* endogeny.

**endometrial** *adj.* endometrial.

**endometrio** *n.* endometrium.

**endometriose** *n.* endometriosis.

**endonim** *adj.* endonymous. ● *n.* endonym (*local place name*).

**endoplasma** *n.* endoplasma.

**endorfina** *n.* endorphin.

**endoscopi** *n.* endoscopy.

**endoscopial** *adj.* endoscopic.

**endoscopio** *n.* endoscope.

**endostilo** *n.* endostyle (*anatomy*).

**endotelio** *n.* endothelium (*anatomy*).

**enebria** *vt.* intoxicate, inebriate. ● *n.* intoxication, inebriation, drunkenness.

**enebriada** *adj.* intoxicated, inebriated, drunk, drunken, tipsy. ● *n.* drunk, drunkard.

**enebriante** *adj.* intoxicating, inebriating. ● *n.* intoxicant.

**Eneida** [eneïda] *n.* Aeneid (*poem*).

**enema** *n.* enema.

**enemi** [enemí] *n.* enemy, adversary, foe.

**enemia** *n.* hostility (*quality*), enmity, malignity, acrimony.

**enemin** *adj.* hostile, adverse, belligerent, antagonistic, inimical.

**enerji** *vt.* energize, vitalize.

**enerjia** *n.* energy, power; verve, vigour (US vigor), pep. **par enerjia de pilas** battery-powered. **par enerjia solal** solar-powered.

**enerjiosa** *adj.* energetic, vigorous, brisk, lusty, vibrant.

**enets** *adj.* & *n.* Enets, Samoyed, Samoyedic (*person*, *language*).

**enfante** *adj.* child. ● *n.* child, kid, kiddie, kiddy, bairn, tyke. **enfante con clave** latchkey child. **enfante de sinco anios** five-year-old child, five-year-old. **enfante misera** urchin, guttersnipe. **enfante unica** only child. **enfantes** children, offspring, progeny.

**enfantia** *n.* childhood, girlhood, boyhood.

**enfantin** *adj.* childish, childlike, innocent, infantile, puerile.

**enfantiside** *vt.* commit infanticide. ● *n.* infanticide (*action*).

**enfantisidor** *n.* infanticide (*person*).

**enfantor** *n.* childminder, nanny, nurse, nursemaid.

**enfernal** *adj.* infernal.

**enfernin** *adj.* hellish, damned, damn, blasted, bloody.

**enferno** *n.* hell, hellfire, inferno, perdition, underworld.

**enflue** *vi.* flow in. ● *vt.* input. ● *n.* inflow, influx, input, intake; flow (*tide*).

**enforsa** *vt.* enforce, apply, implement, bring to bear. ● *n.* enforcement, application, implementation.

**enforsable** *adj.* enforceable.

**enforsada** *adj.* enforced, in effect.

**enforsor** *n.* enforcer. **enforsor de corte** bailiff.

**engana** *vt.* deceive, hoax, bluff, bilk, trick, inveigle. ● *n.* deception, subterfuge, hoax, bluff, bunco, deceit, duplicity, con, feint, humbug, setup, skulduggery, wile. **engana sposal** cuckoldry.

**enganosa** *adj.* deceitful, deceptive, duplicitous, devious, sneaky, underhanded, deceitful, duplicitous, illusive.

**England** *n.* England.

**engles** *adj.* English (*person*, *language*). ● *n.* English; Englishman, Englishwoman. **engles estuarial** Estuary English.

**englesi** *vi.* & *vt.* anglicize. ● *n.* anglicization.

**englesisme** *n.* anglicism.

**engoli** *vt.* swallow, gulp, guzzle, scoff, swig, swill; engulf, envelop.

**engrana** *vi.* & *vt.* engage (*gear*, *enemy*). ● *n.* engagement (*gear*, *combat*); gear (*setting*). **engrana de avansa**drive, forward gear. **engrana de retira** reverse, reverse gear. **engrana mor** neutral (*gear*). **engrana prima** first gear.

**engranada** *adj.* engaged (*gear*). **engranada a cuatro rotas** four-wheel drive, all-wheel drive, four-by-four.

**engranador** *n.* gearbox, transmission.

**enigma** *n.* enigma, conundrum, puzzle.

**enigmosa** *adj.* enigmatic.

**enlinia** *adj.* online.

**enorme** *adj.* enormous, giant, huge, vast, immense, colossal, tremendous, prodigious, terrific. ● *adv.* enormously, hugely, vastly.

**enormia** *n.* vastness, enormity, immensity, bulk.

**enotera** *n.* evening primrose (*Oenothera*).

**enrola** *vi.* wind, coil, wind up (*mechanism*); furl; curl up, snuggle. ● *n.* roll; coil, skein. **enrola de piano** piano roll.

**enrolador** *n.* winch, capstan, windlass.

**enscrive** *vt.* inscribe, subscribe, register (*for activity*), enlist, enrol (US enroll), empanel, impanel, recruit, matriculate. ● *n.* inscription, subscription, sub, registration, enlistment, enrolment (US enrollment), conscription. **enscrive de tomba** epitaph. **enscrive su direto de autor** copyright.

**enscriveda** *adj.* inscribed, subscribed, registered, enrolled, recruited. ● *n.* recruit, conscript, draftee.

**enscrivor** *n.* subscriber.

**ensefalite** *n.* encephalitis.

**ensefalograf** *n.* encephalograph.

**ensefalografia** *n.* encephalography.

**ensefalogram** *n.* encephalogram.

**ensefalomielite** *n.* encephalomyelitis.

**ensela** *vt.* saddle.

**ensendador** *n.* lighter.

**ensende** *vi.* catch fire, light, ignite, kindle; fire (*gun*); turn on (*light*, *person*). ● *vt.* set fire to, light, ignite, kindle; fire (*gun*); turn on (*light*, *person*). ● *n.* ignition. **ensende criminal** arson.

**ensendelampa** *n.* lamplighter.

**ensendente** *adj.* igniting, incendiary.

**ensendor** *n.* firestarter. **ensendor criminal** arsonist.

**ensenia** *vt.* teach (*a subject*); e.g. *ensenia a enfantes*; *ensenia la regulas a algun*. See *instrui*.

**ensenior** *n.* teacher, lecturer, pedagogue (US pedagog), schoolteacher, schoolmaster, schoolmistress. **ensenior privata** tutor. **ensenior xef** headteacher, headmaster, headmistress.

**ensiclica** *adj.* & *n.* encyclical.

**ensiclopedia** *n.* encyclopaedia (US encyclopedia).

**ensinta** *adj.* pregnant, gravid.

**ensinti** *vi.* become pregnant. ● *vt.* impregnate.

**ensintia** *n.* pregnancy.

**ensintial** *adj.* prenatal.

**ensirca** *vt.* surround, encircle, enclose, frame, encompass, encapsulate, gird; cup (*as with hands*). ● *n.* enclosure, compound, stockade. **ensirca de bebe** playpen. **ensirca de bestias** pen, corral, bullpen, stockyard, run.**ensirca de canes** dog pound, dog run. **ensirca de cavalos** paddock, corral, stockade. **ensirca de gales**chicken coop, hencoop. **ensirca de oveas** sheep pen, sheepcote, sheepfold, fold. **ensirca de porcos** pigpen, pig sty.

**ensircada** *adj.* surrounded. **ensircada par tera** landlocked.

**ensircante** *adj.* encircling, peripheral.

**ensofla** *vt.* sniff, snort. ● *n.* sniff, snort, insufflation.

**ensoflable** *adj.* sniffable. ● *n.* snuff.

**enspira** *vt.* inhale, breathe in, toke. ● *n.* inhalation. **enspira subita** *v.* & *n.* gasp.

**enspirable** *adj.* inhalable.

**enspirador** *n.* inhaler.

**enspireta** *vt.* & *n.* gasp.

**entablamento** *n.* entablature.

**-ente** *adj.suff.* & *n.suff.* -ing; e.g. *esente*. — This variant of *-nte* is only used with the verb *es*.

**entera** *vt.* bury, inter. ● *n.* burial.

**entereria** *n.* landfill (*site*).

**enterite** *n.* enteritis.

**entero** *adj.* integer, integral. ● *n.* integer.

**enteror** *n.* gravedigger.

**entomolojia** *n.* entomology.

**entomolojiste** *n.* entomologist.

**entoprocto** *n.* entoproct (*organism*: *Entoprocta*).

**entra** *vi.* enter, go in, come in; log in (*software*); e.g. *entra a un sala*; *entra a un loca de rede*. ● *vt.* admit (*to place*); enter, input. ● *n.* admission (*to place*), admittance; entrance, entry, entryway, ingress, check-in, threshold, concourse. **entra par forsa** break in.

**entrada** *n.* entry (*in list*).

**entre** *prep.* • between, among, amongst, amid, amidst; within (*a group*); e.g. *viaja entre Paris e Madrid*;*comunica entre comunias*; *tu es entre amis*; *entre la geras mundal*. • divided by, per, out of; e.g. *100 entre 4 es 25*. ● *pref.* inter- (*between*). **a entre** in between. **entre cual** between which, within which (*relative*).**entre la du** between the two, in between.

**entregama** *n.* crotch, crutch.

**entreseno** *n.* cleavage.

**entretempo** *adv.* meanwhile, meantime, in the meantime, in the interim.

**entretexable** *adj.* interlacing, interlocking.

**entretexe** *vt.* interweave, interlace, interleave, interlock, intertwine, entwine, dovetail.

**entretexeda** *adj.* interwoven, interlaced.

**entropia** *n.* entropy.

**entxilada** *n.* enchilada (*food*).

**enurese** *n.* enuresis, bedwetting.

**envelopa** *n.* envelope.

**envia** *vt.* send, dispatch, transmit, transfer, submit. ● *n.* transmission. **envia a mar** launch (*a ship*). **envia a via** send away, send off, dismiss.

**enviada** *adj.* sent. ● *n.* envoy, emissary.

**enviador** *n.* transmitter.

**envior** *n.* sender.

**envolve** *vt.* wrap, wrap up, envelop, swaddle; involve, embroil, enlist, engage, commandeer. ● *n.* involvement.**envolve en leto** tuck into bed.

**envolveda** *adj.* wrapped; involved. **es envolveda en** be involved in, be wrapped up in, be party to, be engaged in.

**enzima** *n.* enzyme.

**enzimolojia** *n.* enzymology.

**eon** *n.* aeon (US eon).

**eosene** *adj.* & *n.* Eocene (*geology*).

**eosin** *n.* eosin (*dye*).

**eosinofilia** *n.* eosinophilia (*medical*).

**eosinofilica** *adj.* eosinophilic. ● *n.* eosinophil.

**eparina** *n.* heparin (*medical*).

**epatal** *adj.* hepatic.

**epatica** *n.* liverwort, liverleaf, hepatic (*plant*: *Marchantiophyta*, *Hepaticae*).

**epatite** *n.* hepatitis.

**epe** *n.* épée (*sword*).

**epi-** *pref.* epi-.

**epica** *adj.* & *n.* epic.

**epicanto** *n.* epicanthus, epicanthic fold.

**epicurisme** *n.* epicureanism.

**Epicuro** *n.* Epicurus (*philosopher*).

**epidemica** *adj.* & *n.* epidemic.

**epidemiolojia** *n.* epidemiology.

**epidemiolojial** *adj.* epidemiological.

**epidemiolojiste** *n.* epidemiologist.

**epiderma** *n.* epidermis.

**epidermal** *adj.* epidermal.

**epididimo** *n.* epididymis (*anatomy*).

**epifania** *n.* epiphany. **sera de epifania** Epiphany Eve, Twelfth Night.

**epifenomeno** *n.* epiphenomenon.

**epiglotal** *adj.* epiglottal. ● *n.* epiglottal (*consonant*).

**epiglote** *n.* epiglottis.

**epigraf** *n.* epigraph.

**epigram** *n.* epigram.

**epigramal** *adj.* epigrammatic.

**epigramor** *n.* epigrammatist.

**epilesia** *n.* epilepsy.

**epilesica** *adj.* epileptic.

**epilogo** *n.* epilogue (US epilog), afterword.

**epinefrina** *n.* epinephrine, adrenaline.

**episcopalian** *adj.* & *n.* Episcopalian.

**episcopalianisme** *n.* Episcopalianism (*Christianity*).

**episentro** *n.* epicentre (US epicenter).

**episodial** *adj.* episodic.

**episodio** *n.* episode, instalment (US installment). **episodio de caldi** hot flash, hot flush.

**epistemolojia** *n.* epistemology.

**epitelial** *adj.* epithelial.

**epitelio** *n.* epithelium (*anatomy*).

**epiteto** *n.* epithet.

**epoca** *n.* epoch.

**eponim** *adj.* eponymous. ● *n.* eponym.

**eposidal** *adj.* epoxy.

**eposido** *n.* epoxide (*chemistry*).

**eposta** *vt.* & *n.* email.

**epsilon** *n.* epsilon (*Greek letter*).

**Er** *n.* Ireland (*island*); Ireland (*country*), Republic of Ireland. **Er Norde** Northern Ireland. **Mar Eres** Irish Sea.

**era**¹ *vi.* err, make a mistake. ● *n.* error, mistake, solecism. **era comica** blooper, outtake. **era grande** big mistake, blunder. **era sosial** gaffe, faux pas, solecism.

**era**² *n.* era (*geology*).

**eraldia** *n.* heraldry.

**eraldial** *adj.* heraldic.

**eraldo** *n.* herald.

**erante** *adj.* mistaken, wrong, erroneous, fallacious.

**erba** *n.* grass (*Gramineae*, *Poaceae*); lawn; herb. **erba de cosini** herb. **erba-de-mar** *n.* seagrass (*Posidoniaceae*, *Zosteraceae*, *Hydrocharitaceae*, *Cymodoceaceae*). **erba-de-mate** *n.* yerba maté (*Ilex paraguariensis*).

**erbal** *adj.* herbal.

**erberia** *n.* herbarium.

**erbin** *adj.* grasslike, herbaceous.

**erbio** *n.* erbium (*element*).

**erbisidal** *adj.* herbicidal.

**erbiside** *n.* herbicide, weedkiller.

**erbivor** *adj.* herbivorous. ● *n.* herbivore.

**erbolojia** *n.* herbology.

**erbolojiste** *n.* herbologist.

**erbosa** *adj.* grassy.

**eremita** *n.* hermit, hermitic, recluse, anchorite, anchoress.

**eremiteria** *n.* hermitage.

**eremitia** *n.* hermitry.

**eres** *adj.* & *n.* Irish, Gaelic (*person*, *language*).

**erese** *adj.* heretical. ● *n.* heretic, infidel.

**eresia** *n.* heresy.

**ereta** *vi.* slip, slip up, make a small mistake. ● *n.* slip, slip-up, booboo, boob, small mistake, glitch. **ereta de parla** slip of the tongue.

**ergativa** *adj.* & *n.* ergative (*grammar*).

**ergonomia** *n.* ergonomics.

**ergonomial** *adj.* ergonomic.

**ergote** *n.* ergot (*fungus*).

**ergotisme** *n.* ergotism (*medical*).

**-eria** *n.suff.* -ery, -arium (*place*); e.g. *refineria*; *paneria*; *monceria*; *beleria*.

**erica** *n.* heath (*plant*: *Erica*). **erica arborin** white heather, brier, briar (*Erica arborea*).

**Eridano** *n.* Eridanus (*constellation*).

**Erie, Lago** [iri] *n.* Lake Erie.

**erijable** *adj.* erectile.

**erije** *vi.* & *vt.* erect, prick up, put up, stand up straight. ● *n.* erection.

**erijeda** *adj.* erect, pricked up.

**eriso** *n.* hedgehog (*Erinaceinae*). **eriso-de-mar** *n.* sea urchin (*Echinoidea*).

**erita** *vt.* inherit. ● *n.* inheritance, heritage, heredity, patrimony, birthright, legacy.

**eritable** *adj.* heritable, inheritable.

**eritada** *adj.* inherited. **eritada de familia** heirloom.

**erital** *adj.* hereditary.

**eritema** *n.* erythema (*medical*). **eritema cutanea** chilblain.

**eritor** *n.* heir, heiress, heritor, heritrix, scion. **eritor legal** heir apparent.

**eritro-** *pref.* erythro- (*red*).

**eritroblasto** *n.* erythroblast (*blood cell*).

**eritromisina** *n.* erythromycin (*antibiotic*).

**eritropoiese** *n.* erythropoiesis (*biology*).

**eritrosite** *n.* erythrocyte, red blood cell.

**ermino** *n.* ermine, stoat (*Mustela erminea*).

**ernia** *vi.* herniate. ● *n.* hernia, herniation, rupture. **ernia femoral** femoral hernia. **ernia iatal** hiatal hernia.**ernia inguinal** inguinal hernia. **ernia ombilical** umbilical hernia.

**erode** *vt.* erode, wear away, wear down, weather. ● *n.* erosion, attrition.

**erodente** *adj.* eroding, erosive.

**eroe** *n.* hero, heroine, protagonist.

**eroin** [eroïn] *adj.* heroic.

**eroina** [eroïna] *n.* heroin (*drug*).

**eroisme** [eroïsme] *n.* heroism.

**erojen** *adj.* erogenous.

**eron** *n.* heron (*Ardeidae*).

**Eros** *n.* Eros (*mythology*).

**erosa** *adj.* very wrong, badly mistaken, riddled with errors.

**erotica** *adj.* erotic, carnal. **eroticas** erotica.

**erpes** *n.* herpes.

**erpetolojia** *n.* herpetology.

**erpetolojiste** *n.* herpetologist.

**Ertra** *n.* Eritrea.

**ertri** *adj.* & *n.* Eritrean.

**erudita** *adj.* erudite, learned, scholarly. ● *n.* polymath, savant, scholar.

**eruditia** *n.* erudition, learnedness, scholarliness, scholarship.

**eruga** *n.* caterpillar (*Lepidoptera*). **eruga de jeometrido** inchworm, looper. **eruga de seda** silkworm (*Bombyx mori*).

**erugin** *adj.* caterpillarlike.

**eruta** *vi.* erupt; break out (*in a rash*). ● *n.* eruption; outbreak; rash (*medical*). **eruta de dentes** teething.

**es**¹ *v.* be, is, are, am; e.g. *tu es bela*; *lo es un jua*.

**-es**² *adj.suff.* & *n.suff.* -ese, -ish (*pertaining to a region*); e.g. *nederlandes*. See *-an, -i, -ica, -sce*.

**-es**³ *suff.* -s (*plural of noun that ends in a consonant*); e.g. *canes*. See *-s*.

**es-**⁴ *pref.* ex- (*outside*).

**-esa**¹ *n.suff.* -ess (*formal female title*); e.g. *prinsesa*.

**esa-**² *pref.* hex- (*six*).

**esaedro** *adj.* hexahedral. ● *n.* hexahedron.

**esagram** *n.* hexagram.

**esajera** *vt.* exaggerate, overstate, overdo, caricature. ● *n.* exaggeration, hyperbole; spoof.

**esajiste** *n.* essayist.

**esajo** *n.* essay.

**esamina** *vt.* examine, inspect, check, look over, peruse, investigate, scrutinize, probe, audit, vet, test. ● *n.*examination, check-up, work-up, inspection; examination, exam, test, scrutiny, probe, audit. **esamina de elejes multiple** multiple-choice examination. **esamina parlada** oral examination. **esamina scriveda**written examination.

**esaminada** *n.* examinee.

**esaminor** *n.* inspector, examiner, auditor.

**esarca** *n.* exarch (*bishop*).

**esarcia** *n.* exarchate.

**esata** *adj.* exact, precise, particular, accurate. ● *adv.* exactly, precisely, just, verbatim. **esata tal** just so. **o plu esata** or rather, or more precisely.

**esatia** *n.* accuracy, exactitude, precision, veracity.

**esca** *n.* tinder.

**escava** *vt.* dig, scoop, excavate, mine. ● *n.* excavation, dig.

**escavador** *n.* digger, excavator (*machine*).

**escaveria** *n.* quarry.

**escavor** *n.* miner, excavator (*person*).

**esce** *adv.* (*introducing a direct question*). ● *subord.* whether, if (*introducing an indirect question*).

**esclama** *vt.* exclaim, blurt. ● *n.* exclamation; interjection (*grammar*).

**esclamante** *adj.* exclaiming, exclamatory.

**esclui** *vt.* exclude, keep out; banish, exile, expel, oust, excommunicate, ostracize, disbar. ● *n.* exclusion, banishment, excommunication, ostracism.

**escluida** *adj.* excluded. ● *n.* exile, outcast.

**escluinte** *adj.* exclusive, clannish, cliquey. ● *prep.* excluding, other than.

**escota** *vt.* cut low. ● *n.* neckline, cleavage. **con escota V** V-necked. **escota profonda** decolletage. **escota V**V-neck.

**escotada** *adj.* low-cut, plunging.

**escretal** *adj.* excretory.

**escrete** *vt.* excrete. ● *n.* excrement; excretion.

**escretemania** *n.* scatology.

**escretemanica** *adj.* scatological.

**escusa** *vt.* excuse. ● *n.* excuse, apology, pretext, justification, rationalization. **escusa se** apologize.

**escusable** *adj.* excusable.

**escuta** *vt.* listen (*to*), hark, harken, hearken. ● *n.* hearing (*legal*). **escuta musica** listen to music. **escuta secreta** eavesdrop.

**escutador** *n.* headphones, earphone, earphones, earpiece, earbuds, headset. **escutador con microfon**headset. **escutador secreta** wiretap.

**escutor** *n.* listener. **escutores** audience.

**esecuta** *vt.* execute (*including kill*), enact (*plan*), perpetrate, carry out, fulfil (US fulfill); run (*software*). ● *n.*execution. **esecuta fretada** summary execution.

**esecutor** *n.* executioner; executor, perpetrator. **esecutor de atesta** executor, executrix.

**esede** *vt.* exceed, surpass. ● *n.* excess, surfeit.

**esedente** *adj.* exceeding, excessive, supernumerary.

**esele** *vi.* excel. ● *n.* excellence, eminence.

**eselente** *adj.* excellent, great, wonderful, marvellous (US marvelous), outstanding, eminent, prime, illustrious, fine, grand, terrific, top-notch.

**eselentia** *n.* excellence, greatness. ● *interj.* your excellency, your grace.

**esempli** *vt.* exemplify, illustrate, epitomize.

**esemplo** *n.* example, sample, exemplar, model, specimen. **esemplo perfeta** perfect example, paragon, quintessence. **per esemplo** for example, for instance.

**esensal** *adj.* essential, critical, crucial, inherent, intrinsic, pivotal. ● *adv.* essentially.

**esense** *n.* essence, quintessence, quiddity; crux, gist. **la esense de un arcitetor** the quintessential architect, the architect par excellence.

**esenta** *vt.* exempt. ● *n.* exemption, dispensation, impunity, immunity (*legal*).

**esentada** *adj.* exempt.

**esente** *adj.* being. ● *n.* being, creature, entity.

**eserse** *vi.* exercise, work out, drill, train. ● *n.* exercise, workout, drill, exertion. **eserse adomenal** abdominal exercise, sit-ups. **eserse con pesas** weight training. **eserse fisical** physical exercise, calisthenics.

**esersor** *n.* exerciser.

**esersosa** *adj.* strenuous.

**eseta** *vt.* except, spare. ● *n.* exception; irregularity. **con eseta de** except, except for, excepting, with the exception of. **sin eseta** without exception, whatsoever, at all.

**esetante** *prep.* except, except for, excepting, with the exception of, other than.

**esetosa** *adj.* irregular, full of exceptions.

**esflue** *vi.* flow out. ● *vt.* output, emit. ● *n.* outflow, output; ebb (*tide*).

**esfluente** *n.* effluent.

**esiberia** *n.* exhibition hall.

**esibi** *vt.* exhibit. ● *n.* exhibition; panoply.

**esibisme** *n.* exhibitionism.

**esibiste** *n.* exhibitionist, flasher.

**esibor** *n.* exhibitor.

**esije** *vt.* demand, require, exact. ● *n.* demand, requirement. **con esije ce** on condition that, provided that. **esije judal** injunction. **esije ultima** ultimatum.

**esijente** *adj.* demanding, bossy, exigent; picky, fussy, choosy, pernickety (US persnickety), finicky, prissy.

**esistal** *adj.* existential.

**esiste** *vi.* exist. ● *n.* existence.

**esistente** *adj.* existing, existent, extant.

**esistentialisme** *n.* existentialism.

**esistentialiste** *adj.* existential, existentialist. ● *n.* existentialist.

**esita** *vi.* hesitate, falter, balk. ● *n.* hesitation. **esita moral** scruples.

**esitante** *adj.* hesitant, reluctant, halting, faltering.

**esitosa** *adj.* tentative.

**esmalte** *n.* enamel.

**esmalti** *vt.* enamel.

**esmeralda** *adj.* & *n.* emerald.

**eso-** *pref.* eso-, exo- (*outside*).

**esobiolojia** *n.* exobiology.

**esobiolojial** *adj.* exobiological.

**esobiolojiste** *n.* exobiologist.

**esocrin** *adj.* exocrine (*gland*).

**esofago** *n.* oesophagus (US esophagus), foodpipe.

**esogama** *adj.* exogamous, outbred.

**esogamia** *n.* exogamy, outbreeding.

**esojenesal** *adj.* exogenous.

**esojenese** *n.* exogeny.

**esonim** *adj.* exonymous. ● *n.* exonym (*international place name*).

**esoplaneta** *n.* exoplanet.

**esorsi** *vt.* exorcize. ● *n.* exorcism.

**esorsiste** *n.* exorcist.

**esosceleto** *n.* exoskeleton.

**esosfera** *n.* exosphere (*atmosphere*).

**esotica** *adj.* exotic. **esoticas** exotica.

**Espania** *n.* Spain.

**espaniol** *adj.* & *n.* Spanish (*person*, *language*).

**espera** *vt.* hope for, wish for; e.g. *espera un dia solosa*; *on espera ce lo no va pluve*. ● *n.* hope, wish. **on espera ce** hopefully, it is hoped that. **sin espera** hopeless, forlorn.

**esperable** *adv.* hopefully.

**esperante** *adj.* hoping, hopeful.

**esperantiste** *adj.* & *n.* Esperantist.

**esperanto** *adj.* & *n.* Esperanto.

**esperia** *vt.* experience, undergo, witness. ● *n.* experience. **sin esperia** inexperienced.

**esperial** *adj.* experiential.

**esperimenta** *vi.* experiment. ● *n.* experiment, experimentation.

**esperimental** *adj.* experimental.

**esperimentor** *n.* experimenter, experimentalist.

**esperiosa** *adj.* experienced.

**esperta** *adj.* expert, consummate. ● *n.* expert, specialist, consultant, authority, pundit, maven, whiz. **esperta de cartas** cardsharp, cardshark. **esperta legal** expert witness, legal expert.

**espertia** *n.* expertise, authority, punditry.

**espeta** *vt.* expect, anticipate, await, wait for. ● *n.* expectation, expectancy, anticipation, waiting. **espeta de vive**life expectancy. **espeta furtiva** lurk, skulk, loiter. **espeta la bon momento** wait for the right moment, bide one’s time. **espeta zelosa** eagerly await, look forward to.

**espetada** *adj.* expected, due, payable.

**espetante** *adj.* expecting, expectant, waiting.

**espetora** *vt.* expectorate, cough up.

**espetorante** *adj.* & *n.* expectorant.

**espia**¹ *vt.* atone for, expiate, do penance. ● *n.* atonement, expiation, penance.

**espia**² *n.* e-spionage (*online stalking*).

**espira** *vt.* exhale, breathe out; aspirate. ● *n.* exhalation; aspiration (*phonetics*).

**espirada** *adj.* aspirated. ● *n.* aspirate (*consonant*).

**esplica** *vt.* explain, elaborate, elucidate, rationalize, justify. ● *n.* explanation, reason, justification, rationale, elaboration, rationalization, exposition; legend (*diagram*). **esije un esplica** demand an explanation, call to account, hold to account. **esplica tro** overexplain, overelaborate, belabour (US belabor).

**esplicable** *adj.* explainable, explicable.

**esplode** *vi.* explode, blow up, burst, fulminate. ● *vt.* explode, blow up, blast. ● *n.* explosion, blast, outburst, outpouring. **esplode con rie** burst out laughing, hoot with laughter.

**esplodente** *adj.* exploding, explosive; plosive. ● *n.* explosive; plosive (*consonant*).

**esplora** *vt.* explore. ● *n.* exploration, excursion, reconnaissance. **esplora de cavas** caving, spelunking.

**esplorante** *adj.* exploring, exploratory.

**esploror** *n.* explorer, scout.

**esplota** *vt.* exploit, take advantage of, avail oneself of, cash in on. ● *n.* exploitation. **esplota de forestas** logging (*industry*).

**esplotable** *adj.* exploitable.

**esponental** *adj.* exponential (*growth*).

**esponente** *n.* exponent.

**esponenti** *vt.* exponentiate (*raise to a power*). ● *n.* exponentiation.

**esporta** *vt.* export. ● *n.* exportation.

**esportor** *n.* exporter.

**esposa** *vt.* expose; divulge, blab, leak (*information*). ● *n.* exposure; leak (*information*). **esposa a radia**irradiate. **esposa lenta** long exposure (*photography*). **esposa par mano** manual exposure.

**esposor** *n.* exposer, blabbermouth.

**espresa** *vt.* express, state, convey (*meaning*), assert, articulate. ● *n.* expression, assertion; turn of phrase.**espresa clar** express clearly, clarify, enunciate. **espresa cortes** pleasantry. **espresa de fas** facial expression, countenance. **espresa tro usada** cliché. **sin espresa de fas** expressionless, blank, deadpan.

**espresada** *adj.* expressed. **clar espresada** clearly expressed, perspicuous.

**espresisme** *n.* expressionism.

**espresiste** *adj.* & *n.* expressionist.

**espreso** *n.* espresso.

**espresosa** *adj.* expressive, demonstrative, soulful.

**espulsa** *vt.* eject, expel, throw out, cast out, oust, evict, banish, unseat. ● *n.* expulsion, ejection, eviction, banishment.

**esta** *det.* this, these (*demonstrative*). ● *pron.* this, this one; the latter. **a esta dias** nowadays, these days. **a esta loca** here, hither, to this place. **a esta ora** at this time. **a esta ves** this time, this once, on this occasion. **en esta** herein. **en esta loca** here, in this place, at this place. **en esta modo** in this way, in this manner, like this, thus, so. **estas** these. **par esta** hereby.

**estasia** *vi.* be ecstatic, fly high. ● *vt.* elate, enrapture. ● *n.* ecstasy, bliss, rapture, euphoria, elation.

**estasiante** *adj.* ecstatic, overjoyed, euphoric, elated, blissful.

**estasiosa** *adj.* beatific.

**estatal** *adj.* summer, aestival (US estival).

**estate** *n.* summer, summertime.

**estati** *vt.* summer.

**estatin** *adj.* summery, balmy.

**este** *adj.* east, eastern, oriental. ● *n.* east, orient. **a este** eastward, eastwards. **a este de** to the east of. **este-norde-este** *adj.* east-northeast. **este-sentral** *adj.* central east. **este-sude-este** *adj.* east-southeast.

**estendable** *adj.* extendable, extensible, tensile.

**estendador** *n.* extensor (*muscle*).

**estende** *vi.* extend, stretch, project, span, splay, sprawl; spread, propagate, expand; reach out (*for something*). ●*vt.* extend, stretch; spread, propagate, expand; hold out, proffer. ● *n.* extent, range, gamut, scope, reach, outreach, extension, spread, expanse, array, propagation, overhang, projection, span. **estende a** extend to, reach. **estende de alas** wingspan. **estende de ase** wheelbase. **estende de teto** eaves. **estende tra**spread through, permeate. **estende tro multe** overextend, overreach.

**estendeda** *adj.* extended, stretched, outstretched, outspread.

**estendisme** *n.* expansionism.

**estendiste** *n.* expansionist.

**estendosa** *adj.* extensive, expansive, far-reaching, sprawlings.

**ester** *n.* ester (*chemistry*).

**esterna** *adj.* outer, exterior, external, extrinsic, extraneous. ● *n.* outside, exterior.

**esterni** *vi.* & *vt.* externalize, exteriorize.

**estetica** *n.* aesthetics (US esthetics).

**estetical** *adj.* aesthetic (US esthetic).

**esteticiste** *n.* aesthete (US esthete); beautician, aesthetician (US esthetician).

**Esti** *n.* Estonia. **esti** *adj.* Estonian. ● *n.* Estonian (*person*, *language*).

**estima** *vt.* estimate. ● *n.* estimate, estimation; budget. **estima bruta** rough estimate. **estima divinante**guesstimate.

**estinguador** *n.* fire extinguisher. **estinguador de candela** candle extinguisher, snuffer.

**estingui** [estíngui] *vt.* extinguish, put out, quench, turn off (*lights*). ● *n.* extinguishing; extinction, oblivion.

**estinguida** *adj.* extinct.

**estorsador** *n.* wringer.

**estorse** *vt.* wring, extort. ● *n.* extortion, blackmail, shakedown.

**estorsin** *adj.* extortionate, exorbitant (*cost*).

**estorsor** *n.* extortionist.

**estra** *prep.* • outside (*a place or time*); e.g. *abita estra la site*; *estra peril*; *estra la oras de labora*; *estra la familia*. • (*moving*) out of; e.g. *la gato ia core estra la caxa*. • except, except for, excepting, with the exception of, apart from, other than; e.g. *nun estra la golor pote toca la bal*; *me ia vide la serie estra la episodio final*. ● *pref.* extra- (*outer*, *additional*); step- (*relation*). **a estra** *adj.* outward. ● *prep.* (*moving*) out of. ● *adv.* outside; outwards. **de estra** *prep.* & *adv.* (*moving*) from outside. **estra comprende** beyond comprehension. See *cuando, si*.

**estracomun** *adj.* extraordinary.

**estraconaseda** *n.* stepsibling.

**estradi** *vt.* extradite. ● *n.* extradition.

**estrador** *n.* extractor.

**estrae** *vt.* extract, remove, bring out, take out, pluck out, excise, excerpt, extricate, glean. ● *n.* extraction, excision, removal, resection. **aida estrae** help out, help (*someone*) to climb out. **estrae de dente** tooth extraction. **estrae fortunas** draw lots.

**estraeda** *n.* extraction, extract, excerpt, clip (*thing extracted*).

**estraenfante** *n.* stepchild.

**estrafia** *n.* stepdaughter.

**estrafie** *n.* stepchild.

**estrafio** *n.* stepson.

**estrafrate** *n.* stepbrother.

**estragon** *n.* terragon (*plant*: *Artemisia dracunculus*).

**estragrande** *adj.* extralarge, king-size.

**estrajenitor** *n.* stepparent.

**estralegal** *adj.* extralegal.

**estralinia** *adj.* offline.

**estramadre** *n.* stepmother.

**estramural** *adj.* extramural.

**estrapadre** *n.* stepfather.

**estrapola** *vt.* extrapolate. ● *n.* extrapolation.

**estrapoleni** *vt.* cross-pollinate. ● *n.* cross-pollination, allogamy.

**estrasensal** *adj.* extrasensory.

**estrasore** *n.* stepsister.

**estrasposal** *adj.* extramarital.

**estrateran** *adj.* & *n.* extraterrestrial, alien.

**estrateritorial** *adj.* offshore (*finance*).

**estravagante** *adj.* extravagant, flamboyant, over the top, grandiloquent. ● *n.* extravaganza, spectacle, show.

**estravagantia** *n.* extravagance, panache.

**estrema** *adj.* extreme; furthest, outermost; radical, drastic, critical, hardcore. ● *adv.* extremely, tremendously. ●*n.* extreme, extremity (*furthest point*).

**estremi** *vi.* & *vt.* radicalize. ● *n.* radicalization.

**estremia** *n.* extremity (*quality*).

**estremisme** *n.* extremism, radicalism, zealotry.

**estremiste** *adj.* extremist, radical. ● *n.* extremist, radical, zealot.

**estremofilia** *n.* extremophilia.

**estremofilica** *adj.* extremophilic. ● *n.* extremophile.

**estrildido** *n.* waxbill (*bird*: *Esterldidae*).

**estro** *n.* oestrus (US estrus). **en estro** in heat, on heat.

**estrojen** *n.* oestrogen (US estrogen).

**estroverti** *vi.* be extrovert, be extravert. ● *n.* extroversion, extraversion.

**estrovertida** *adj.* extroverted, extraverted, extrovert, extravert. ● *n.* extrovert, extravert.

**estruador** *n.* extruder; ricer (*utensil*).

**estrui** *vt.* extrude. ● *n.* extrusion.

**estuario** *n.* estuary, delta, tidal mouth, embouchure, firth.

**esuan** *adj.* US, American. ● *n.* American.

**esurban** *adj.* exurban. ● *n.* exurbanite.

**esurbe** *n.* exurb (*rich outlying suburb*). **esurbes** exurbia.

**esvasa** *vi.* flare, open up, open out, spread out; open (*hand*), unclench (*fist*); countersink.

**esvasada** *adj.* flared.

**et-** *pref.* eth- (*chemistry*).

**eta**¹ *n.* eta (*Greek letter*).

**-eta**² *n.suff.* (*smaller or simpler variant*) -ette, -kin, -let, -ling, -ie, -y; e.g. *caseta*; *gradeta*; *boveta*; *camiseta*;*sibileta*. ● *v.suff.* (*weaker variant*) -le; e.g. *pluveta*.

**eta-**³ *pref.* hepta- (*seven*).

**etagon** *adj.* heptagonal. ● *n.* heptagon.

**etametre** *n.* heptameter (*poetry*).

**etano** *n.* ethane.

**etanol** *n.* ethanol.

**etatlon** *n.* heptathlon.

**etatlonor** *n.* heptathlete.

**etc** *abbr.* (*e tal cosas, e tal continuante*) etc., et cetera, and so on, and so forth, and whatnot.

**eter** *n.* ether.

**etera** *n.* hetaera (*moth*: *Hetaera*).

**eteri** *vt.* etherize.

**eterin** *adj.* ethereal.

**eterna** *adj.* eternal, perpetual, ageless, everlasting; lifelong.

**eterni** *vi.* & *vt.* eternalize, memorialize.

**eternia** *n.* eternity, perpetuity.

**etero-** *pref.* hetero- (*different*).

**eterodox** *adj.* heterodox.

**eterojen** *adj.* heterogeneous, motley.

**eterosesal** *adj.* & *n.* heterosexual.

**eterosesalia** *n.* heterosexuality.

**eterotrof** *adj.* heterotrophic (*biology*). ● *n.* heterotroph.

**eterotrofia** *n.* heterotrophia.

**etica** *n.* ethics.

**etical** *adj.* ethical.

**eticeta** *n.* label, tag, sticker, docket; tag (*markup*).

**eticeti** *vt.* label, tag.

**eticetida** *adj.* labelled (US labeled).

**etil** *n.* ethyl (*chemistry*).

**etilen** *n.* ethylene, ethene.

**etimolojia** *n.* etymology.

**etimolojial** *adj.* etymological.

**etiolojia** *n.* aetiology (US etiology).

**etnical** *adj.* ethnic.

**etnicia** *n.* ethnicity.

**etnico** *n.* ethnic group.

**etnografia** *n.* ethnography.

**etnografiste** *n.* ethnographer.

**etnojenese** *n.* ethnogenesis.

**etnolojia** *n.* ethnology.

**etnolojial** *adj.* ethnological.

**etnolojiste** *n.* ethnologist.

**eto-** *pref.* ecto- (*outside*).

**etolojia** *n.* ethology.

**etolojial** *adj.* ethological.

**etolojiste** *n.* ethologist.

**Etruria** *n.* Etruria.

**etrusca** *adj.* & *n.* Etruscan.

**eu-** *pref.* eu- (*good*).

**eucalipto** *n.* eucalyptus (*Eucalyptus*).

**eucariota** *n.* eukaryote, eucaryote (*organism*).

**eucariotal** *adj.* eukaryotic, eucaryotic.

**eucaristia** *n.* eucharist.

**euclidal** *adj.* Euclidean.

**Euclide** *n.* Euclid.

**eucre** *n.* euchre (*card game*).

**eudicota** *n.* eudicot (*botany*).

**eufonia** *n.* euphonia (*bird*: *Euphonia*).

**eufonio** *n.* euphonium.

**euforbia** *n.* euphorbia, spurge (*plant*: *Euphorbia*).

**Eufrates, Rio** *n.* River Euphrates.

**eujenetica** *n.* eugenics.

**eujenetical** *adj.* eugenetical.

**eujeneticisme** *n.* eugenics.

**eumetazon** *n.* eumetazoon (pl. eumetazoa) (*organism*).

**eunuco** *n.* eunuch.

**Eurasia** *n.* Eurasia.

**eurasian** *adj.* Eurasian.

**eureca** *interj.* eureka.

**euri-** *pref.* eury- (*broad*).

**eurilaimo** *n.* broadbill (*bird*: *Eurylaimidae*).

**euristica** *n.* heuristic.

**euristical** *adj.* heuristic.

**euro** *n.* euro.

**Europa** *n.* Europe.

**european** *adj.* & *n.* European.

**europeani** *vi.* & *vt.* Europeanize. ● *n.* Europeanization.

**europio** *n.* europium (*element*).

**eurosentrisme** *n.* Eurocentrism.

**eurosentriste** *adj.* Eurocentric, Eurocentrist. ● *n.* Eurocentrist.

**eurosetica** *adj.* & *n.* eurosceptic (US euroskeptic).

**eurozona** *n.* eurozone, euro area.

**Euscaleria** *n.* Basque Country.

**euscara** *adj.* & *n.* Basque (*person*, *language*).

**eutanasia** *vt.* euthanize, euthanase. ● *n.* euthanasia.

**Eva** *n.* Eve.

**evacua** *vt.* evacuate. ● *n.* evacuation.

**evacuada** *n.* evacuee.

**evade** *vt.* escape, flee from. ● *n.* escape, breakout, getaway. **evade de prison** jailbreak. **evade de realia**escapism.

**evador** *n.* escapee.

**evalua** *vt.* evaluate, appraise, assess, measure. ● *n.* evaluation, appraisal. **evalua medical** check-up.

**evanjelial** *adj.* evangelical.

**evanjelialisme** *n.* evangelicalism.

**evanjelio** *n.* gospel.

**evanjelisme** *n.* evangelism.

**evanjeliste** *adj.* evangelistic. ● *n.* evangelist.

**Everest, Monte** *n.* Mount Everest, Mount Sagarmatha, Mount Chomolungma.

**eversa** *vt.* evert, turn inside-out. ● *n.* eversion.

**eversada** *adj.* inside-out.

**evidente** *adj.* evident, in evidence, apparent, obvious, manifest, blatant, flagrant, overt, unmistakable. ● *adv.*evidently, obviously, of course.

**evidenti** *vi.* become evident, turn out (*to be*), prove (*to be*). ● *vt.* make evident, expose, reveal.

**evidentia** *n.* obviousness.

**evita** *vt.* avoid, evade, elude, dodge, shun, shirk, stay away from, keep away from, bypass, shirk. ● *n.* evasion, avoidance. **evita apena** narrowly avoid, have a narrow escape, have a near miss, have a close shave. **evita de scola** truancy. **evita la scola** avoid school, play truant, play hookie.

**evitable** *adj.* avoidable.

**evitante** *adj.* evasive, elusive, avoiding. **evitante ce** avoiding, without (*it happening that*). **evitante lus**avoiding light, photonegative.

**evitor** *n.* avoider, evader. **evitor de imposta** tax dodger.

**evoca** *vt.* evoke, elicit, remind of, conjure up, call to mind. ● *n.* evocation, connotation, resonance.

**evocante** *adj.* evocative.

**evolual** *adj.* evolutionary.

**evolui** *vi.* & *vt.* evolve. ● *n.* evolution.

**evoluisme** *n.* evolutionism.

**evoluiste** *n.* evolutionist.

**exadesimal** *adj.* hexadecimal.

**exagon** *adj.* hexagonal. ● *n.* hexagon.

**exametre** *n.* hexameter.

**eziditi** *adj.* & *n.* Yazidi.

**eziditisme** *n.* Yazidism (*religion*).

F

**f** [ef] *letter* f.

**fa**¹ *vt.* do, perform; commit (*crime*); have (*shower*, *dream*, *etc.*); take (*shower*, *photo*, *etc.*); hold (*event*); play (*game*, *role*). — *Fa* does not mean *make* in the senses of *crea*, *fabrica* or *prepara*. ● *n.* doing, deed. **fa bon**do well; do good. **fa ce** cause (*something to happen or become*), make (*something happen*), render, turn; e.g. *no fa ce me rie*; *la anunsia ia fa ce el roji*.

**fa**² *n.* fa (*musical note*).

**fable** *n.* fable, legend, folktale, fairy tale, children’s story. **fable moral** moral fable, apologue (US apolog).

**fabrica** *vt.* make, craft, fabricate, manufacture. ● *n.* fabrication, manufacture. **fabrica de vitro** glasswork.**fabrica par mano** handcraft, handicraft.

**fabricada** *adj.* manufactured, fabricated, manmade. ● *n.* artifact. **fabricada a casa** homemade. **ojeto fabricada** artifact.

**fabriceria** *n.* factory, manufacturing plant, workshop. **fabriceria misera** sweatshop.

**fabricor** *n.* manufacturer, fabricator, maker, wright. **fabricor de fusiles** gunsmith. **fabricor de rotas**wheelwright. **fabricor de vagones** wainwright.

**facir** *n.* fakir.

**facocero** *n.* warthog (*Phacochoerus*).

**facula** *n.* facula (*astronomy*).

**fada** *adj.* done. ● *n.* deed (*past*). **fada realida** fait accompli.

**fago-** *pref.* phago- (*eating*).

**fagosital** *adj.* phagocytic.

**fagosite** *n.* phagocyte.

**fagositose** *n.* phagocytosis.

**faia** *n.* beech (*Fagus*). **noza de faia** beechnut.

**faiense** *n.* faience.

**-faje** *n.suff.* -phage (*eater*).

**-fajia** *n.suff.* -phagia.

**fajita** *n.* fajita (*food*).

**falafel** *n.* falafel (*food*).

**falanje** *n.* phalanx (*crowd*); phalange (*anatomy*).

**falaropo** *n.* phalarope (*bird*: *Phalaropus*).

**falcon** *n.* hawk, falcon, kestrel, falconet (*Falconinae*).

**falconor** *n.* falconer.

**falconoria** *n.* falconry.

**falda** *n.* skirt, kilt. **falda de leto** valance. **falda scotes** kilt.

**faldeta** *n.* petticoat, half-slip, underskirt.

**faldon** *n.* apron; tail (*coat*).

**falesa** *n.* cliff.

**fali** *vt.* fail (*not succeed*), fail to, flunk; e.g. *el ia fali sua esaminas*; *tu fali comprende la problem*. ● *n.* failure, fault, flaw, failing, lapse; miss; (*surfing*) wipeout. **fali de judi** lapse of judgement. **fali moral** moral failure, moral lapse. **fali paia** fail to pay, default on payment. **fali para** fail to stop, overshoot. **sin fali** faultless, impeccable.

**falia** *n.* fault (*geology*).

**falin** *adj.* phallic.

**falinte** *adj.* failing. **nunca falinte** infallible.

**falion** *n.* rift. **vale de falion** rift valley.

**Falkland, Isolas** *n.pl.* Falkland Islands.

**falo** *n.* phallus.

**falsa** *adj.* wrong, false, incorrect, untrue, fake, fallacious, counterfeit, bogus, mock, faux, pseudo-. ● *n.* fake (*thing*).

**falseto** *adj.* & *n.* falsetto.

**falsi** *vi.* become false; be faked. ● *vt.* counterfeit, falsify, fake, forge (*money*, *document*). ● *n.* falsification, forgery.

**falsia** *n.* falseness, falsehood, untruth.

**falsor** *n.* counterfeiter, forger.

**falxe** *n.* scythe.

**falxeta** *n.* sickle.

**falxi** *vt.* reap, mow, scythe.

**falxor** *n.* reaper, harvestman.

**fama** *n.* fame, notoriety, renown, stardom. **mal fama** infamy.

**fame** *adj.* hungry, ravenous, ravening.

**fami** *vi.* starve, hunger, famish, go hungry. ● *vt.* starve, make hungry.

**famia** *n.* hunger.

**familia** *n.* family, household; suit (*cards*). **familia fusada** stepfamily, blended family. **familia real** royal family, royalty. **la familia Braun** the Brown family. — One can also speak of *la Braunes*.

**familial** *adj.* familial, familiar.

**familian** *n.* family member.

**familin** *adj.* familiar.

**famion** *n.* famine.

**famosa** *adj.* famous, noted, notorious, renowned, historic.

**fan** *n.* fan, fanatic, aficionado. **fanes** fans, fandom.

**fandango** *n.* fandango (*dance*).

**fanfara** *vi.* sound a fanfare. ● *n.* fanfare.

**fangi** *vt.* muddy.

**fango** *n.* mud, mire. **fango acuin** slurry.

**fangosa** *adj.* muddy, turbid.

**fangosia** *n.* muddiness.

**fania** *n.* fandom (*quality*).

**fanin** *adj.* fannish.

**fantasia** *vt.* fantasize, daydream. ● *n.* fantasy, daydream, reverie, woolgathering; escapism.

**fantasial** *adj.* fanciful.

**fantasin** *adj.* fantastic.

**fantasior** *n.* dreamer, daydreamer.

**fantasma** *n.* ghost, phantom, spectre (US specter), phantasm, spook, wraith. **fantasma jemelin** doppelgänger.**fantasma turbosa** poltergeist.

**fantasmin** *adj.* ghostly, spectral.

**fantasmosa** *adj.* haunted, spooky.

**faor** *n.* doer.

**farade** *n.* farad (*unit of capacitance*).

**faraon** *n.* pharaoh.

**farenhait** *n.* Fahrenheit. See *grado*.

**farfulia** *vt.* & *n.* mutter, mumble, slur.

**farina** *n.* flour, farina. **farina de mais** cornflour, corn meal.

**farinin** *adj.* floury, flourlike.

**farinjal** *adj.* pharyngeal. ● *n.* pharyngeal (*consonant*).

**farinjali** *vi.* & *vt.* pharyngealize.

**farinje** *n.* pharynx. **farinje bocal** oropharynx. **farinje larinjal** laryngopharynx. **farinje nasal** nasopharynx.

**farinjite** *n.* pharyngitis.

**farinosa** *adj.* floury.

**fariseo** *n.* pharisee.

**farmacolojia** *n.* pharmacology.

**farmacolojial** *adj.* pharmacological.

**farmacolojiste** *n.* pharmacologist.

**farmasia** *n.* pharmacy, chemist, drugstore, apothecary, dispensary.

**farmasial** *adj.* pharmaceutical.

**farmasiste** *n.* pharmacist, chemist, druggist, apothecary.

**faro**¹ *n.* lighthouse; beacon; headlight, headlamp.

**faro**² *n.* faro (*card game*).

**Faro, Isolas** *n.pl.* Faroe Islands, Faeroe Islands.

**faroisce** *adj.* & *n.* Faroese, Faeroese.

**farsa** *n.* farce, physical comedy, knockabout comedy, slapstick, burlesque, vaudeville, buffoonery.

**farsi** *adj.* & *n.* Farsi, Persian (*person*, *language*).

**farsin** *adj.* farcical.

**fas** *n.* face, physiognomy, visage; dial (*watch*, *clock*, *compass*); heads (*coin*). **a fas de** opposite, facing. **con fas a fas con** face to face with.

**fasa** *vt.* face.

**fasada** *n.* façade. **fasada de boteca** storefront.

**fasador** *n.* phaser.

**fasal** *adj.* facial.

**fasante** *adj.* opposite, facing; opposable (*thumb*).

**fase** *vi.* & *n.* phase.

**faseta** *n.* facet, aspect.

**fasian** *n.* pheasant (*Phasianinae*). **fasian galin** grouse (*Tetraoninae*).

**fasil** *adj.* easy, effortless, straightforward; graceful (*in movement*). ● *adv.* easily, gracefully, handily. **fasil aprendable** easily learned, easy to learn.

**fasili** *vi.* become easy, become easier. ● *vt.* facilitate, ease, simplify. ● *n.* easing, facilitation.

**fasilia** *n.* facility, ease, easiness; grace (*in movement*).

**fasilinte** *adj.* facilitating, labour-saving (US labor-saving).

**fasimil** *n.* facsimile, exact reproduction.

**fasina** *vt.* fascinate, intrigue, engross. ● *n.* fascination, allure.

**fasinada** *adj.* fascinated, rapt.

**fasinante** *adj.* fascinating, engrossing, riveting, compelling.

**fasmido** *n.* stick insect, stick bug, walking stick (*Phasmatodea*).

**fatal** *adj.* factual.

**fatiga** *vt.* tire, exhaust, fatigue. ● *n.* tiredness, exhaustion, weariness, lassitude. **fatiga de oios** eyestrain.

**fatigada** *adj.* tired, weary, exhausted, haggard, gaunt.

**fatigante** *adj.* tiring, arduous, backbreaking.

**fato** *n.* fact. **en fato** in fact. **fato suportante** supporting fact, evidence. **la fato ce** the fact that. **par fato** de facto.

**fator** *n.* factor, coefficient.

**fatoral** *n.* factorial.

**fatori** *vi.* & *vt.* factorize.

**fatota** *n.* factotum, handyman, jack of all trades.

**fatua** *n.* fatwa.

**fatura** *vt.* bill, invoice, charge. ● *n.* bill, invoice, statement, tab. **fatura tro multe** overcharge.

**fauno** *n.* faun (*mythology*).

**faustian** *adj.* Faustian.

**fauvisme** *n.* fauvism.

**fauviste** *adj.* & *n.* fauvist.

**fava** *n.* bean (*plant*, *seed*: *Phaseolus*and others). **fava azuci** azuki bean, aduki, adzuki. **fava blanca** white bean, navy bean, haricot bean. **fava de Lima** lima bean. **fava de oio negra** black-eyed bean. **fava de visia** fava bean, garbanzo bean, broad bean. **fava mung** mung bean. **fava negra** black bean. **fava pintida**pinto bean. **fava roja** kidney bean, frijol. **fava verde** green bean, snap bean.

**favin** *adj.* beanlike, bean-shaped.

**favo** *n.* honeycomb.

**favorable** *adj.* favourable (US favorable), opportune.

**favore** *vt.* favour (US favor), indulge, privilege; (*garment*) flatter. ● *n.* favour (US favor), indulgence, partiality; good turn. **fa un favore a** do (*someone*) a favour (US favor). **favore divin** providence. **per favore** please.

**favoreda** *adj.* & *n.* favourite (US favorite), privileged.

**favorente** *adj.* favouring (US favoring), indulgent, partial, preferential; flattering (*garment*).

**favorisme** *n.* favouritism (US favoritism).

**fax** *n.* fax.

**faxa** *n.* fascia, planking, plating, horizontal band.

**faxador** *n.* fax machine.

**faxi** *vi.* become bundled. ● *vt.* bundle.

**faxisme** *n.* fascism.

**faxiste** *adj.* & *n.* fascist.

**faxo** *n.* bundle, sheaf, fasces, bale, faggot (US fagot).

**faxon** *n.* beam, rafter, girder, joist. **faxon de cresta** ridgepole. **faxon I** I-beam. **faxon traversal** crossbeam.

**fe** *n.* fairy, faerie. **fe de aira** sylph. **fe de mar** mermaid, merman.

**fea** *adj.* ugly, unsightly, grotesque. ● *n.* ugly person. **xocante fea** shockingly ugly, hideous.

**febre** *n.* fever.

**febrero** *n.* February.

**febrosa** *adj.* fevered, feverish, febrile.

**fecal** *adj.* faecal (US fecal).

**fece** *n.* faeces (US feces), dung, excrement, turd.

**feci** *vt.* defecate. ● *n.* defecation.

**federa** *adj.* federate, confederate. ● *n.* federation, confederacy, confederation (*action*, *result*).

**federada** *adj.* federated.

**federal** *adj.* federal.

**federalisme** *n.* federalism.

**federaliste** *adj.* federalist, federalistic. ● *n.* federalist.

**fei** [feï] *vi.* become ugly. ● *vt.* make ugly, uglify.

**feia** [feya] *n.* ugliness.

**fein** *adj.* fairylike, fey.

**fejoa** *n.* feijoa (*tree*, *fruit*: *Acca sellowiana*).

**felatio** *n.* fellatio. **fa felatio** perform fellatio, fellate.

**feldspato** *n.* feldspar (*mineral*).

**felido** *n.* felid, feline (*Felidae*).

**felis** *adj.* cheerful, cheery, happy, jolly, jocund, glad.

**felisi** *vi.* & *vt.* cheer up, perk up, hearten, gladden. ● *n.* uplift.

**felisia** *n.* cheerfulness, cheeriness, happiness. **vive en felisia** live in happiness, live happily.

**felisinte** *adj.* heartening, heartwarming.

**feltri** *vt.* full (*material*).

**feltrin** *adj.* feltlike.

**feltro** *n.* felt.

**fem** *n.* woman; (*colloquial*) wife. **fem de cabare** showgirl. **fem de carera** career woman. **fem de casa**housewife, homemaker, stay-at-home mom. **fem de corte** female courtier. **fem de mundo** female socialite. **fem de neva** snowwoman. **fem de strada** streetwalker. **fem joven** young woman; maiden, damsel, wench. **fem odiosa** shrew, harridan. **fem servinte** handmaid, handmaiden.

**fema** *adj.* & *n.* female.

**femi** *vi.* & *vt.* feminize. ● *n.* feminization.

**femia** *n.* womanhood, femaleness.

**femin** *adj.* feminine, effeminate, femme, girlish, womanish.

**feminia** *n.* femininity.

**femisme** *n.* feminism.

**femiste** *n.* feminist.

**femor** *n.* femur, thighbone.

**femoral** *adj.* femoral.

**fendador** *n.* splitter (*device*).

**fende** *vi.* split, cleave. ● *n.* split, fission, schism.

**fendor** *n.* splitter (*person*).

**feneria** *n.* hayloft.

**fenetra** *n.* window. **fenetra colorida** stained-glass window. **fenetra de alcovo** bay window, bow window, oriel. **fenetra de bileta** ticket window. **fenetra de esibi** display window, store window, shop window.**fenetra de rede** screen window. **fenetra de teto** skylight. **fenetra xarnierida** casement window.

**fenetreta** *n.* porthole.

**fenilalanina** *n.* phenylalanine (*amino acid*).

**fenilcetonuria** *n.* phenylketonuria (*medical*).

**Fenisia** *n.* Phoenicia. **fenisia** *adj.* & *n.* Phoenician.

**fenix** *n.* phoenix. **Fenix** *n.* Phoenix (*constellation*).

**feno** *n.* hay.

**fenobarbital** *n.* fenobarbital, fenobarbitone (*drug*).

**fenol** *n.* phenol (*substance*).

**fenolftalein** *n.* phenolphthalein (*substance*).

**fenomeno** *n.* phenomenon.

**fenomenolojia** *n.* phenomenology.

**fenor** *n.* haymaker.

**fenotipo** *n.* phenotype.

**ferable** *adj.* vulnerable.

**feri** *vt.* wound, injure, harm, hurt, maim. ● *n.* wound, injury.

**feria** *n.* fairground, fair, fete; trade fair.

**ferica** *adj.* ferric.

**ferida** *adj.* wounded, injured, hurt. ● *n.* casualty.

**ferinte** *adj.* wounding, injurious, detrimental.

**fermenta** *vi.* ferment. ● *n.* fermentation.

**fermentante** *n.* leaven, leavening agent. **fermentante natural** levain. **fermentante nural** nutritional yeast.

**fermento** *n.* yeast.

**fermentosa** *adj.* yeasty.

**fermio** *n.* fermium (*element*).

**fero** *n.* iron. **fero calda** iron, flat iron (*for pressing*). **fero de cavalo** horseshoe. **fero de golf** golfing iron. **fero de marca** branding iron. **fero forjada** wrought iron. **fero moldida** cast iron. **fero ondin** corrugated iron.**fero per solda** soldering iron. **sin fero** unshod.

**feromagnetal** *adj.* ferromagnetic.

**feromon** *n.* pheromone.

**ferosa** *adj.* ferrous, full of iron.

**ferose** *adj.* fierce, ferocious.

**ferovia** [ferovía] *n.* railroad, railway, railroad track. **ferovia streta** narrow-gauge railway. **ferovia xef**mainline.

**ferovior** *n.* railroad worker, railway worker, railwayman.

**fertil** *adj.* fertile, fruitful, fecund.

**fertilable** *adj.* fertilizable.

**fertili** *vi.* & *vt.* fertilize. **fertili en vitro** in vitro fertilization.

**fertilia** *n.* fertility.

**fertilinte** *adj.* fertilizing. ● *n.* fertilizer. **fertilinte organica** organic fertilizer, compost.

**ferula** *n.* splint (*medical*).

**festa** *n.* holiday, festival. **festa de asende** Ascension Day. **festa de grasia** Thanksgiving Day. **festa de la Tera** Earth Day. **festa de labora** Labour Day. **festa de madres** Mother’s Day. **festa de padres** Father’s Day. **festa de Res** Epiphany. **festa de Valentin** Valentine’s Day. **festa de veteranes** Veterans Day.**festa nasional** national holiday, public holiday, bank holiday.

**festi** *vt.* celebrate.

**festin** *adj.* festive.

**festuca** *n.* fescue (*plant*: *Festuca*, *Vulpia*).

**fesur** *n.* crack, fissure, cleft, chink, crevice, crevasse, breach, gap; loophole.

**fesuri** *vi.* & *vt.* crack.

**feta** *n.* feta (*cheese*).

**fetal** *adj.* foetal (US fetal).

**fetix** *n.* fetish; charm, juju.

**fetixi** *vi.* & *vt.* fetishize. ● *n.* fetishization.

**fetixisme** *n.* fetishism.

**fetixiste** *n.* fetishist.

**feto** *n.* foetus (US fetus).

**fetutxine** *n.* fettuccine (*pasta*).

**feudal** *adj.* feudal.

**feudalisme** *n.* feudalism.

**feudo** *n.* fief, fiefdom, feudal estate, feudal manor.

**fez** *n.* fez (*hat*).

**fi** *n.* phi (*Greek letter*).

**fia** *n.* daughter. **fia de batiza** goddaughter. **fia par sposi** daughter-in-law.

**fial** *adj.* filial.

**fiasco** *n.* fiasco, flop, debacle. **fa un fiasco** flop, fail humiliatingly.

**fibi** *vt.* buckle.

**fibia** *n.* buckle.

**fibre** *n.* fibre (US fiber), thread, filament; roughage. **fibre de vitro** glass fibre (US fiber), fibreglass (US fiberglass). **fibre otical** optical fibre (US fiber).

**fibroblasto** *n.* fibroblast (*biology*).

**fibrosa** *adj.* fibrous, fibroid.

**fibrose** *n.* fibrosis. **fibrose sistal** cystic fibrosis.

**fibrosite** *n.* fibrocyte (*biology*).

**fibula** *n.* fibula (*anatomy*, *brooch*).

**fida** *vt.* trust, rely on, have faith in, be confident in. ● *n.* faith, faithfulness, allegiance, loyalty, fidelity; trust, reliance, confidence. **de fida alta** high-fidelity, hi-fi. **fida algun** trust someone, have faith in someone. **fida jurada** fealty.

**fidable** *adj.* trustworthy, reliable, responsible, dependable.

**fidada** *adj.* trusted.

**fidalia** *n.* reliability.

**fidante** *adj.* trusting, confident. **tro fidante** overconfident.

**fidiste** *n.* loyalist.

**fidosa** *adj.* faithful, loyal, stalwart, true, true-blue.

**fidusia** *n.* trust (*legal arrangement*).

**fidusial** *adj.* fiduciary. **reserva fidusial** trust fund.

**fidusieria** *n.* trust company.

**fidusior** *n.* fiduciary, depositary, trustee (*money*, *property*).

**fie** *n.* child, offspring, son or daughter. **fie de batiza** godchild.

**fieta** *n.* baby son, baby daughter, little one.

**fife** *n.* fife (*flute*).

**figa** *n.* fig (*fruit*). **figa bangla** banyan.

**figato** *n.* liver. **figato grasosa** foie gras.

**figo** *n.* fig (*tree*: *Ficus*).

**figur** *n.* figure. **figur de proa** figurehead.

**Fiji** *n.* Fiji. See *Viti*.

**fijian** *adj.* & *n.* Fijian.

**filantrope** *adj.* philanthropic.

**filantropia** *n.* philanthropy.

**filantropiste** *n.* philanthropist.

**filarmonial** *adj.* philharmonic.

**Filastin** *n.* Palestine.

**filastini** *adj.* & *n.* Palestinian.

**filatelia** *n.* philately.

**filateliste** *n.* philatelist.

**filepita** *n.* asity (*bird*: *Philepitta*).

**fileta** *n.* filament (*including of stamen*); thread (*screw*, *bolt*, *nut*).

**filetador** *n.* threader. **filetador fema** die, spinner, pipe threader. **filetador mas** tap, pipe threader.

**filete** *vt.* fillet (US filet). ● *n.* fillet (US filet), sirloin. **filete de bove** filet mignon, tenderloin.

**fili** *vi.* become threaded; line up, queue, form a queue, file. ● *vt.* thread (*needle*, *beads*, *etc.*); wire (*electronics*); spin (*thread*). ● *n.* wiring. **fili sua dentes** floss.

**-filia** *n.suff.* -philia (*love*).

**-filica** *adj.suff.* -philic, -philiac. ● *n.suff.* -phile.

**filigrana** *n.* filigree; watermark.

**filin** *adj.* wiry, threadlike.

**filipino** *adj.* & *n.* Filipino.

**filis** *n.* fern (*Pteridophyta*). **filis aletin** bracken (*Pteridium*).

**filisin** *adj.* fernlike.

**filma** *vt.* film. ● *n.* film, movie. **filma atestante** documentary. **filma composada** montage. **filma de novas**newsreel. **filma de teror** horror movie, slasher. **filma de viaja** travelogue (US travelog).

**filmeta** *n.* short film, short.

**filmografia** *n.* filmography.

**filo**¹ *n.* thread, wire; line (*fishing*); queue, line, line-up, file. **filo de brode** embroidery thread, crewel. **filo de dentes** dental floss. **filo de lana** yarn. **filo de plomo** plumb line. **filo lamosa** razor wire. **filo metal**wire. **filo spinosa** barbed wire, barb wire. **sin filo** wireless, cordless.

**filo**² *n.* phylum.

**filo-**³ *pref.* philo- (*love*).

**filojenese** *n.* phylogenesis, phylogeny.

**filojenetica** *n.* phylogenetics, phylogeny.

**filojenetical** *adj.* phylogenetic.

**filolojia** *n.* philology.

**filolojiste** *n.* philologist.

**filosofi** *vt.* philosophize.

**filosofia** *n.* philosophy, ideology. **filosofia de lege** jurisprudence.

**filosofial** *adj.* philosophical.

**filosofiste** *n.* philosopher.

**filozon** *n.* filozoon (pl. filozoa) (*organism*).

**filtri** *vt.* filter, seep, percolate. ● *n.* filtration.

**filtrida** *adj.* filtered.

**filtro** *n.* filter.

**final** *adj.* last, final, hindmost. ● *adv.* finally, at last, in the end. ● *n.* final, finale.

**finaliste** *n.* finalist (*competitor*).

**finansia** *vt.* finance, fund, defray. ● *n.* finance. **finansia matematical** mathematical finance.

**finansial** *adj.* financial, fiscal.

**finansior** *n.* financier.

**fini** *vi.* & *vt.* finish, conclude, end, stop, expire, terminate. ● *n.* finish, end, ending, conclusion, expiration; tip, extremity; terminus. **a fini** at last, finally, eventually. **a fini de** at the end of. **es a fini de fa** have just done.**fini de linia** linefeed (*character*). **fini de relata** breakup. **fini de semana** weekend. **fini la scola** finish school, leave school. **fini un negosia** cut a deal. **sin fini** *adj.* endless, unending. ● *adv.* endlessly.

**finica** *adj.* Finnic.

**fininte** *adj.* finishing, terminating, ending.

**finita** *adj.* finite, bounded.

**finitiva** *adj.* finite (*grammar*).

**finje** *vt.* pretend, act, fake, feign, bluff; pose as, impersonate; affect, assume, purport; e.g. *el ia finje dormi*; *el ia finje ce el dormi*; *el ia finje un maladia*; *el ia finje sua padre*. ● *n.* pretence (US pretense), bluff, impersonation, feint, sham, act. **finje superioria** condescend, patronize, talk down to, look down on, look down one’s nose at, put on airs. **finje un maladia** malinger, fake an illness.

**finjente** *adj.* fake, phoney.

**finjor** *n.* pretender, usurper, fake, faker, phoney, fraud, imposter, impostor, impersonator, poser, ringer. **finjor de maladia** malingerer, skiver.

**finjosa** *adj.* pretentious, affected, effete.

**Finland** *n.* Finland. See *Suomi*.

**finoio** *n.* fennel (*Foeniculum*). **finoio de mar** samphire (*Crithmum maritimum*).

**finsce** *adj.* Finnish. ● *n.* Finn. See *suomi*.

**fio** *n.* son. **fio de batiza** godson. **fio de puta** (*insult*) bastard, whoreson. **fio par sposi** son-in-law.

**fiordo** *n.* fjord, fiord.

**fiorentin** *adj.* Florentine.

**firma** *adj.* firm, still, steady, steadfast, stationary. **sta firma** stand to attention.

**fisa** *vt.* attach, fasten, fix, clasp, latch, belay; stick, jam, lodge; save (*data*). **fisa con regarda** stare at, rubberneck.

**fisable** *adj.* fastenable, fixable.

**fisacable** *n.* cable tie, zip tie, zap strap.

**fisada** *adj.* fixed, firm, stuck; sedentary, sessile (*zoology*, *anthropology*). **deveni fisada** get stuck.

**fisador** *n.* fastener, clasp, hasp, catch, latch.

**fisalia** *n.* Portuguese man-of-war (*organism*: *Physalia physalis*).

**fisante** *adj.* fixing, fixative. ● *n.* fixative.

**fiscorno** *n.* fiscorn (*musical instrument*).

**-fise** *n.suff.* -physis (*growth*).

**fisica** *n.* physics. **fisica cuantal** quantum physics. **fisica matematical** mathematical physics.

**fisical** *adj.* physical.

**fisiciste** *n.* physicist.

**fisiolojia** *n.* physiology.

**fisiolojial** *adj.* physiological.

**fisiolojiste** *n.* physiologist.

**fision** *n.* fission.

**fisionable** *adj.* fissionable, fissile.

**fisioni** *vi.* undergo fission.

**fistula** *n.* fistula (*medical*).

**fitocimica** *n.* phytochemistry.

**fix** *n.* index card, file card, slip, fiche; file (*software*); token (*counter representing money*); chip (*gambling*). **fix PDF** PDF file.

**fixador** *n.* filer, file manager (*software*).

**flajeli** *vt.* whip, beat, flagellate, flog. ● *n.* flagellation.

**flajelo** *n.* whip, flagellum.

**flama** *n.* flame.

**flamable** *adj.* flammable, inflammable.

**flamenco** *n.* flamenco (*dance*, *music*).

**flames** *adj.* Flemish (*person*, *language*). ● *n.* Fleming.

**flami** *vi.* flame, flame up. ● *vt.* inflame (*feelings*).

**flamingo** *n.* flamingo (*Phoenicopterus*).

**flaminte** *adj.* flaming, on fire, aflame, afire; flambé; inflammatory (*provocative*).

**flamosa** *adj.* flaming.

**Flandre** *n.* Flanders.

**flanela** *n.* flannel (*material*).

**flanje** *n.* flange.

**flasida** *adj.* flaccid, flabby, limp.

**flatule** *vt.* break wind, fart. ● *n.* flatulence, farting, wind.

**flatulente** *adj.* flatulent.

**flauta** *n.* flute, pipe. **flauta de Pan** panpipe, panpipes, pan flute, syrinx. **flauta dulse** recorder.

**flautiste** *n.* flautist, flutist, piper.

**flax** *adj.* extremely quick, quick as a flash. ● *n.* flash of light.

**flaxador** *n.* flash (*camera*).

**flaxi** *vi.* & *vt.* flash.

**flebite** *n.* phlebitis (*medical*).

**flebitica** *adj.* phlebitic.

**flebotomia** *n.* phlebotomy.

**flebotomiste** *n.* phlebotomist.

**flerovio** *n.* flerovium (*element*).

**flexa** *n.* arrow. **Flexa** *n.* Sagitta (*constellation*).

**flexable** *adj.* flexible, supple, bendy, limber, pliable, pliant; versatile, protean.

**flexablia** *n.* flexibility.

**flexador** *n.* flexor (*muscle*).

**flexe** *vt.* flex (*limb*, *muscle*). ● *n.* flection, flexion.

**flexin** *adj.* arrowlike, arrow-shaped.

**flexor** *n.* fletcher.

**flirta** *vi.* flirt. ● *n.* flirtation. **flirta con** flirt with, chat up.

**flirtante** *adj.* flirtatious, flirty, saucy, fresh, coquettish.

**flirtor** *n.* flirt, coquette.

**floco** *n.* flake, floccule. **floco de mais** cornflake. **floco de neva** snowflake.

**flocosa** *adj.* flaky.

**floema** *n.* phloem (*botany*).

**flor** *n.* flower, bloom, blossom. **flor de boton** boutonnière, buttonhole. **flor de pascua** poinsettia.

**floreria** *n.* florist (*shop*).

**Flores** *n.* Flores (*island*). **Mar Flores** Flores Sea.

**floreta** *n.* floret.

**flori** *vi.* flower, flourish, bloom, blossom; prosper, thrive.

**Florida** *n.* Florida (*US state*). **Streta Florida** Florida Strait.

**florin** *adj.* flowerlike. ● *n.* florin, guilder.

**floriste** *n.* florist.

**florosa** *adj.* flowery, floral (*design*).

**flota** *vi.* float. ● *n.* flotation, floatation; float. **flota en aira** hover, levitate.

**flotante** *adj.* floating, buoyant, afloat. ● *n.* flotsam. **fenetra flotante** popup window.

**flotila** *n.* fleet (*ships or other vehicles*).

**flox** *n.* phlox (*plant*: *Phlox*).

**flue** *vi.* flow, stream, course. ● *vt.* flow, stream; feed (*into a machine*). ● *n.* flow; flux; stream (*data*), feed (*news*,*software*). **con la flue** downstream, downriver. **contra la flue** upstream, upriver. **flue de aira** airflow.**flue de fango** mudslide.

**fluente** *adj.* flowing, fluent, fluid. ● *n.* fluid.

**flueta** *vi.*, *vt.* & *n.* dribble, trickle. **flueta de aira** draught (US draft).

**fluor** *n.* fluorine.

**fluorese** *vi.* fluoresce. ● *n.* fluorescence.

**fluoresente** *adj.* fluorescent.

**fluori** *vt.* fluorinate.

**fluorido** *n.* fluoride. **fluorido de sodio** sodium fluoride; fluoride (*in water or toothpaste*).

**fluorita** *n.* fluorite.

**fluorocarbono** *n.* fluorocarbon.

**fluoroscopio** *n.* fluoroscope.

**flutua** *vi.* fluctuate.

**flutuante** *adj.* fluctuating, remittent.

**fo** *n.* pho (*soup*).

**fobia** *n.* phobia. ● *n.suff.* -phobia (*fear*).

**fobica** *adj.* phobic. ● *adj.suff.* -phobic. ● *n.suff.* -phobe.

**foca**¹ *vi.* & *vt.* focus (*light*, *energy*, *attention*). ● *n.* focus; centrepiece (US centerpiece).

**foca**² *n.* seal (*animal*: *Phocidae*, *Otariidae*).

**focada** *adj.* focused, in focus.

**focador** *n.* lighter; torch.

**focal** *adj.* focal.

**focatxia** *n.* focaccia (*bread*).

**foco** *n.* fire; passion. **foco de festa** bonfire (*celebratory*). **foco de jardin** bonfire (*of rubbish*). **foco savaje**wildfire, grass fire, forest fire. **focos artal** fireworks.

**focon** *n.* blaze, conflagration.

**focosa** *adj.* fiery, passionate, sensual.

**fode** *vt.* (*colloquial*) fuck, screw, shag, bonk, lay (*have sex with*).

**fodeda** *adj.* fucking (*colloquial intensifier*).

**fol** *adj.* foolish, silly, crazy, idiotic, daft, dotty, fatuous, inane, madcap. ● *n.* fool, dupe, imbecile, idiot, loony, moron, nincompoop, numpty, airhead, bimbo, chump, twit, goon.

**fola** *n.* crowd, throng, concourse.

**folclor** *n.* folklore, lore.

**foleta** *n.* scrum.

**foli** *vt.* crowd, pack, clutter, huddle.

**folia**¹ *n.* leaf, blade (*grass*), frond; leaf, sheet (*paper*). **folia avisante** handbill, flyer. **folia cascadente de stilo** cascading stylesheet. **folia de stilo** stylesheet. **folias** leaves, foliage.

**folia**² *n.* silliness, foolishness, madness, folly.

**foliculo** *n.* follicle.

**folida** *adj.* crowded, packed, cluttered.

**folieta** *n.* leaflet, handout.

**folin** *adj.* leaflike. ● *n.* phyllo, filo (*pastry*).

**folio** *n.* sketchbook, dossier, binder; folio (*book size*). **folio de calcula** spreadsheet.

**foliosa** *adj.* leafy.

**-fon** *n.suff.* -phone (*sound*).

**fonda** *n.* sling, catapult (*weapon*).

**fondable** *adj.* meltable, fusible. ● *n.* fuse (*electric*).

**fondador** *n.* smelter.

**fondal** *adj.* background, backing.

**fonde** *vi.* melt, smelt. **fonde nucleal** nuclear meltdown.

**fondeda** *adj.* molten.

**fonderia** *n.* foundry.

**fondeta** *n.* slingshot.

**fondo** *n.* bottom, underside, floor (*of sea*); background, backdrop. **fondo de flores** flowerbed. **fondo de mar**seabed, sea floor, ocean bottom, ocean floor. **fondo de rio** river bottom, river bed. **fondo de semes**seedbed.

**fondu** *n.* fondue.

**fonem** *n.* phoneme.

**fonemal** *adj.* phonemic.

**fonetica** *n.* phonetics. **fonetica oreal** auditory phonetics.

**fonetical** *adj.* phonetic.

**-fonia** *n.suff.* -phony (*sound*).

**fono-** *pref.* phono-.

**fonograf** *n.* phonograph, gramophone, record player.

**fonolojia** *n.* phonology.

**fonolojial** *adj.* phonological.

**fonotatica** *n.* phonotactics.

**fontanel** *n.* fontanelle (*anatomy*).

**fonte** *n.* fountain, fount, fountainhead, spring, well, source. **fonte de inca** inkwell. **fonte de potia** power source, power supply. **fonte de revenu** source of income, moneymaker, earner. **fonte de rio** headwater.

**fonti** *vi.* spring, well, originate.

**fontina** *n.* fontina (*cheese*).

**fontosa** *adj.* original (*work*, *idea*).

**fora** *vt.* drill, bore. ● *n.* hole.

**forador** *n.* drill (*tool*). **forador arcin** bow drill. **forador colonin** drill press. **forador de mano** hand drill.**forador engranada** breast drill, eggbeater drill. **forador percusente** hammer drill. **forador puiable**push drill. **punto de forador** drill bit.

**foraje** *vt.* forage, scavenge, rummage.

**forajor** *n.* scavenger.

**forame** *n.* foramen (*anatomy*).

**force** *n.* fork. **force de ajusta** tuning fork. **force de ferovia** points, switch.

**forci** *vi.* & *vt.* fork, bifurcate. ● *n.* fork, bifurcation, crotch.

**forcin** *adj.* forklike, fork-shaped, forked.

**forcon** *n.* pitchfork.

**forcor** *n.* forker. **forcor de ferovia** pointsman, switchman.

**fore** *vt.* line. ● *n.* (*internal*) lining.

**forense** *adj.* forensic.

**forensia** *n.* forensics.

**foresta** *n.* forest, large wood. **cultiva de foresta** forestry. **foresta orijinal** virgin forest. **foresta pluvosa**rainforest.

**foresti** *vt.* forest.

**forestor** *n.* forester.

**forestosa** *adj.* forested, wooded.

**-foria** *n.suff.* -phoria (*feeling*).

**-forica** *adj.suff.* -phoric.

**forja** *vt.* forge (*metal*).

**forjeria** *n.* forge, smithy.

**forjor** *n.* smith, blacksmith.

**forma** *n.* form, shape, format, formation. ● *adj.suff.* -form. **bon forma** well-formedness; fitness (*physical*). **con forma de** with the shape of, shaped like. **de forma duple** dual-format. **en bon forma** in good shape, fit (*physically*). **en forma de** in the form of, taking the form of. **forma completa** full form, expansion (*of abbreviation*). **forma de corpo** body shape, physique. **forma de onda** waveform. **sin forma** without form, formless, amorphous.

**formable** *adj.* formable, ductile.

**formal** *adj.* formal, by the book, pro forma; solemn, prim; smart, dressy.

**formaldehido** *n.* formaldehyde.

**formalia** *n.* formality.

**formalin** *n.* formalin (*substance*).

**formati** *vt.* format.

**formato** *n.* format.

**formi** *vi.* & *vt.* form, shape. ● *n.* forming, formation.

**formica**¹ *n.* ant (*Formicidae*).

**formica**² *n.* formica (*plastic*).

**formicaleon** *n.* antlion (*insect*: *Myrmeleontidae*).

**formicor** *n.* anteater (*Vermilingua*); antbird (*Thamnophilidae*).

**formicosa** *adj.* tingling, tingly, prickly, feeling pins and needles.

**forminte** *adj.* forming, formative.

**formosa** *adj.* full-figured, buxom, curvaceous, voluptuous, rubenesque, zaftig.

**formula** *vt.* formulate. ● *n.* formula, formulation; phrase (*grammar*). **formula ajetivin** adjective phrase.**formula de loda** doxology. **formula de preposada** preposition phrase. **formula nomin** noun phrase.**formula verbin** verb phrase.

**formulario** *n.* form (*to fill*), questionnaire.

**formulin** *adj.* formulaic.

**forni** *vt.* bake, cook (*in oven*). ● *n.* baking.

**fornida** *adj.* baked. ● *n.* bake, baked food.

**forno** *n.* oven. **Forno** *n.* Fornax (*constellation*). **forno de microonda** microwave oven.

**fornon** *n.* furnace, kiln.

**fornor** *n.* baker; ovenbird, woodcreeper (*Furnariidae*).

**foro** *n.* forum.

**foromanica** *adj.* forumite. ● *n.* forumite, regular commenter.

**foronido** *n.* phoronid (*organism*: *Phoronida*).

**forosa** *adj.* porous.

**forsa** *vt.* force (*strongly or physically*), enforce, coerce, necessitate, compel; impose (*something*), inflict, levy, wreak. ● *n.* coercion. **forsa a via** drive away, force back, repel, ward off. **forsa se** exert oneself.

**forsada** *adj.* forced, compulsory.

**forsitia** *n.* forsythia (*plant*: *Forsythia*).

**fortador** *n.* amplifier.

**forte** *adj.* strong, robust, sturdy, formidable; loud, vehement, forte, stentorian, booming, vociferous, punchy. ●*adv.* strongly, robustly; loudly, vehemently. ● *n.* force (*including in physics*). **forte de aira** air force (*military*). **forte nonresistable** overwhelming force, juggernaut. **fortes militar** armed forces. **multe forte** very strong; very loud, fortissimo.

**forti** *vi.* & *vt.* strengthen, fortify, reinforce, potentiate; consolidate. ● *n.* strengthening, consolidation.

**fortia** *n.* strength, force, effort, exertion, fortitude, brawn. **fortia de vive** life force, life energy, vital force, élan vital.

**fortiosa** *adj.* forceful, forcible.

**fortres** *n.* fortress, blockhouse, fort, fortification, stronghold, keep. **fortres de site** citadel.

**fortuna** *n.* fortune, chance, fate, destiny, lot, luck. **bon fortuna** good luck. **bon fortuna nonespetada**windfall. **mal fortuna** bad luck, misfortune, mishap, unfortunate occurrence, accident, adversity, woe.

**fortunosa** *adj.* lucky, fortunate, auspicious, fortuitous. ● *adv.* fortunately.

**fosena** *n.* porpoise (*Phocoenidae*).

**foseta** *n.* rut, wheel track.

**fosfato** *n.* phosphate (*chemistry*).

**fosfolipido** *adj.* phospholipid (*chemistry*).

**fosfor** *n.* phosphorus (*element*); match, matchstick.

**fosforese** *vi.* phosphoresce.

**fosforesente** *adj.* phosphorescent.

**fosil** *n.* fossil.

**fosili** *vi.* & *vt.* fossilize. ● *n.* fossilization.

**foso** *n.* ditch, trench, moat; fossa (*anatomy*).

**foson** *n.* gully, ravine, arroyo.

**fostrot** *n.* foxtrot (*dance*, *music*).

**foto**¹ *n.* photo, photograph, shot, snapshot, still. **fa un foto** take a photo. **foto airal** aerial photograph. **foto distante** long shot. **foto personal** portrait. **foto prosima** closeup.

**foto-**² *pref.* photo- (*light*, *photography*).

**fotocimical** *adj.* photochemical.

**fotocopia** *vt.* photocopy, xerox. ● *n.* photocopy.

**fotografi** *vt.* photograph.

**fotografia** *n.* photography. **fotografia a intervales** timelapse photography. **fotografia prosima** closeup photography, macro photography.

**fotografial** *adj.* photographic.

**fotografiste** *n.* photographer.

**fotograva** *n.* photogravure, heliogravure.

**fotojen** *adj.* photogenic.

**fotojornalisme** *n.* photojournalism.

**fotojornaliste** *adj.* photojournalistic. ● *n.* photojournalist.

**fotomanica** *adj.* enthusiastic about photography. ● *n.* shutterbug, photography enthusiast.

**foton** *n.* photon.

**fotorealisme** *n.* photorealism.

**fotorealiste** *adj.* photorealistic. ● *n.* photorealist.

**fotoresetador** *n.* photoreceptor.

**fotoselula** *n.* photocell, photoelectric cell.

**fotosensante** *adj.* photosensitive.

**fotosintese** *vt.* photosynthesize. ● *n.* photosynthesis.

**fototrof** *adj.* phototrophic (*biology*). ● *n.* phototroph.

**fototrofia** *n.* phototrophia.

**fototropia** *n.* phototropism.

**fototropo** *adj.* phototropic (*botany*).

**fotovoltaica** *adj.* photovoltaic. **efeto fotovoltaica** photovoltaic effect. **enerjia solal fotovoltaica**photovoltaics. **selula fotovoltaica** photovoltaic cell.

**fovea** *n.* fovea (*anatomy*).

**Foxe** [focs] *n.* Foxe. **Baia Foxe** Foxe Basin. **Streta Foxe** Foxe Channel.

**fractur** *n.* fraktur (*lettering*).

**frajil** *adj.* fragile, frail, brittle, delicate, sensitive, flimsy, frangible, labile, easily damaged.

**frajilia** *n.* fragility.

**Fram, Streta** *n.* Fram Strait.

**frambosa** *n.* raspberry (*Rubus*).

**franc** *n.* franc (*currency*).

**franca** *adj.* frank, direct, candid, outspoken, plainspoken, outright, explicit, vocal; straightforward.

**francamason** *n.* freemason, mason.

**francamasonisme** *n.* freemasonry, masonry.

**francia** *n.* frankness, directness.

**francisia** *n.* franchise (*commercial*).

**franco** *adj.* Frankish. ● *n.* Frank.

**franje** *n.* fringe (*border*); bangs, fringe (*hairstyle*).

**Frans** *n.* France.

**franses** *adj.* & *n.* French (*person*, *language*).

**fransio** *n.* francium (*element*).

**fransiscan** *adj.* & *n.* Franciscan.

**frase** *n.* sentence; phrase (*music*).

**fraseolojia** *n.* phraseology.

**fratal** *adj.* fractional, fractal.

**frate** *n.* brother; friar. **frate par sposi** brother-in-law. **frates** brothers, brethren.

**frateria** *n.* brotherhood, fraternity (*organization*).

**frateta** *n.* younger brother.

**frati** *vi.* & *vt.* fracture, fragment, shatter, crack. ● *n.* fragmentation, fracture.

**fratia** *n.* brotherhood, brotherliness, fraternity (*quality*).

**fratin** *adj.* brotherly, fraternal.

**fratiside** *vt.* commit fratricide. ● *n.* fratricide (*action*).

**fratisidor** *n.* fratricide (*person*).

**frato** *n.* fraction; fragment, shard; snippet, clip, clipping. **frato agu** sharp fragment, shard. **frato seramica**potsherd. **fratos** fragments, shrapnel, smithereens.

**fraton** *n.* older brother.

**frecuente** *adj.* frequent, occurring often. ● *adv.* frequently, often, oftentimes.

**frecuenti** *vi.* become frequent. ● *vt.* make frequent.

**frecuentia** *n.* frequency. **frecuentia de orolojo** clock speed, clock rate. **frecuentia estrema alta** UHF.**frecuentia multe alta** VHF.

**fregate**¹ *n.* frigatebird (*Fregatidae*, *Fregata*).

**fregate**² *n.* frigate, full-rigged ship.

**freni** *vt.* brake, restrain, hold back, immobilize.

**freno** *n.* brake, restraint (*device*). **freno de mano** handbrake.

**frenolojia** *n.* phrenology.

**frenolojiste** *n.* phrenologist.

**frenor** *n.* brakeman.

**freon** *n.* freon.

**fresa** *n.* strawberry (*Fragaria*).

**fresca** *adj.* fresh, cool; new, up to date.

**frescador** *n.* air conditioner, air conditioning.

**fresci** *vi.* & *vt.* freshen.

**fresco** *n.* fresco (*art*).

**fresia** *n.* freesia (*plant*: *Freesia*).

**fresno** *n.* ash (*tree*: *Fraxinus*).

**freta** *vi.* hurry, hasten, rush, scurry, scamper. ● *vt.* hurry, rush, hustle. ● *n.* haste, rush, hustle. **no freta** take your time, do not rush, do not hurry.

**fretada** *adj.* rushed, hurried.

**fretante** *adj.* hurrying, hasty, cursory; impetuous, hot-headed, hare-brained.

**fretor** *n.* hurrier, hothead.

**fretosa** *adj.* impulsive, reckless, heedless, slapdash.

**fretosia** *n.* impulsiveness, recklessness.

**freudisme** *n.* Freudianism.

**freudiste** *adj.* Freudian.

**fri** *vi.* & *vt.* cool, chill, refrigerate. ● *n.* refrigeration. **fri par venta** windchill.

**fria** *adj.* cold, chilly, frigid, dank, inclement; frappé. ● *n.* cold.

**friacua** *n.* water cooler.

**friador** *n.* refrigerator, fridge.

**frica** *vt.* abrade, scour, cause friction, rub against. ● *n.* friction, abrasion; rubdown.

**fricante** *adj.* fricative. ● *n.* fricative (*consonant*). **fricante ladal** lateral fricative.

**fricase** *n.* fricassee (*food*).

**fricosa** *adj.* abrasive.

**frida** *adj.* cooled, chilled, refrigerated.

**Frigia** *n.* Phrygia.

**frigian** *adj.* Phrygian.

**fringilo** *n.* chaffinch (*bird*: *Fringilla*).

**frinte** *n.* coolant, refrigerant.

**frisbi** *n.* frisbee.

**frisce** *adj.* Frisian. ● *n.* Frisian (*person*, *language*).

**Frisland** *n.* Frisia, Friesland.

**friso** *n.* frieze.

**frita** *vt.* fry. **frita en uoc** stir-fry.

**fritada** *adj.* fried. **fritadas** chips (*UK*), fries, French fries.

**fritador** *n.* fryer.

**froda** *vt.* defraud, cheat, embezzle, misappropriate, swindle, finagle, grift, gyp, hoodwink. ● *n.* fraud, con, trick, rip-off, scam, bunco, bunko, flimflam; corruption, embezzlement, misappropriation.

**frodante** *adj.* fraudulent, corrupt, sleazy.

**frodor** *n.* fraud, fraudster, cheater, swindler, phoney, con man, con artist, grifter, huckster, hustler, mountebank.

**fronsi** *vt.* & *n.* gather (*fabric*). **fronsi sua suprasiles** frown, scowl.

**fronsida** *adj.* gathered. ● *n.* frill, ruche, ruffle, furbelow.

**fronsosa** *adj.* frilly, ruffled, froufrou.

**fronte** *adj.* front, forward, fore, advance. ● *n.* front; forehead, brow; foreground. **a fronte** forward, ahead. **a fronte de** at the front of, in front of, ahead of. **en fronte de** inside the front of, into the front of. **fronte de acua** waterfront. **fronte de batalia** battlefront. **fronte de lago** lakeside. **fronte de mar** seafront, beachfront. **fronte de rio** riverside. **fronte meteorolojial** weather front. **lobe fronte** frontal lobe. **oso fronte** frontal bone.

**frontera** *n.* frontier, front line, limit, border, borderline, borderland, boundary, bound.

**fronteror** *n.* frontiersman.

**fronti** *vt.* confront, face, tackle (*enemy*, *problem*). ● *n.* confrontation, faceoff, showdown. **fronti corajosa** brave, bravely face.

**frontinte** *adj.* facing, confronting.

**frontispis** *n.* frontispiece (*publishing*, *architecture*).

**fronton** *n.* gable; pediment; marquee, awning.

**frota** *vt.* rub, scrub, wipe, smear.

**frotador** *n.* wiper. **frotador de paraventa** windshield wiper, windscreen wiper.

**frugal** *adj.* frugal, thrifty, economical, parsimonious, budget-conscious. **es frugal** be frugal, economize, scrimp, skimp.

**frugalia** *n.* frugality, frugalness, thrift, thriftiness, parsimony.

**frustra** *vt.* vex, frustrate, exasperate. ● *n.* frustration, vexation, exasperation.

**frustrante** *adj.* frustrating, vexing, exasperating, vexatious.

**fruta** *n.* fruit. **fruta axida a picos** mincemeat. **fruta confetida** candied fruit. **fruta de pan** breadfruit.**fruta en xirope** compote. **fruta sitrica** citrus fruit. **frutas** fruit, fruits.

**fruteria** *n.* fruiterer’s, greengrocer’s (*shop*).

**fruti** *vi.* fruit, bear fruit.

**frutor** *n.* fruiterer, greengrocer (*person*).

**frutosa**¹ *n.* fructose (*sugar*).

**frutosa**² *adj.* fruity, fruitful, prolific.

**fu** *interj.* phew, whew.

**fuca** *n.* kelp (*Laminariales*, *Fucales*).

**fucsia** *adj.* fuchsia (*colour*). ● *n.* fuchsia (*flower*: *Fuchsia*).

**fufu** *n.* fufu (*food*).

**fuga** *n.* fugue (*music*, *psychology*).

**fugal** *adj.* fugal.

**fugu** *n.* pufferfish, blowfish (*Tetraodontidae*).

**fuji** *vi.* flee, run away, escape, bolt, scram. ● *vt.* rout, put to flight. ● *n.* flight, escape, getaway. **fuji en manada**stampede. **fuji furtiva** slip away, sneak away, abscond, skedaddle. **fuji per sposi** elope.

**fujor** *n.* fugitive, runaway.

**fulcro** *n.* fulcrum, pivot.

**fulgoro** *n.* planthopper (*insect*: *Fulgoromorpha*).

**fuma** *n.* smoke, fume. **sin fuma** smokeless.

**fumaria** *n.* fumitory, fumiter (*plant*: *Fumaria*).

**fumeria** *n.* smokery (US smokehouse).

**fumi** *vi.* smoke (*emit smoke*), smoulder (US smolder). ● *vt.* smoke (*tobacco*); smoke, preserve with smoke (*food*).

**fumiga** *vt.* fumigate. ● *n.* fumigation.

**fumor** *n.* smoker.

**fumosa** *adj.* smoky, smokey.

**func** *adj.* & *n.* funk (*music*).

**funcosa** *adj.* funky.

**funda** *n.* base, basis, foundation, substrate, rudiment; foundation, establishment (*organization*). **es la funda de**be the basis of, underlie. **funda de pede** sole. **funda de solo** subfloor. **sin funda** baseless, groundless, unfounded.

**fundal** *adj.* basic, fundamental, elementary, rudimentary, underlying, primal; basal.

**fundalisme** *n.* fundamentalism.

**fundaliste** *adj.* & *n.* fundamentalist.

**fundi** *vt.* found, establish; base (*something on*); entrench, intrench, instil (US instill). ● *n.* foundation, establishment (*action*).

**fundor** *n.* founder.

**Fundy, Baia** *n.* Bay of Fundy.

**funera** *n.* funeral.

**funeral** *adj.* funereal, funeral, funerary.

**funereria** *n.* funeral parlour (US parlor), undertaker’s.

**funeror** *n.* mortician, undertaker.

**fungal** *adj.* fungal.

**fungiside** *n.* fungicide.

**fungo** *n.* fungus (*Fungi*). **fungo de lenio** dry rot.

**funicular** *adj.* funicular. ● *n.* funicular, cliff railway.

**funsiona** *vi.* function, operate, work. ● *n.* function, functioning, operation; function (*mathematics*, *software*).**funsiona ondal** wave function. See *opera*.

**funsional** *adj.* functional (*of a function*).

**funsionalisme** *n.* functionalism.

**funsionaliste** *adj.* functionalist, functionalistic. ● *n.* functionalist.

**funsionante** *adj.* functioning, functioning.

**fura** *vt.* steal, purloin, nick, filch, pilfer, swipe; kidnap. ● *n.* theft, robbery, larceny, heist. **fura de** steal from, rob, burgle (US burglarize). **fura de enfantes** kidnap, kidnapping (*children*). **fura de identia** identity theft.**fura de persones** kidnap, kidnapping.

**furabolsa** *n.* pickpocket.

**furaboteca** *n.* shoplifter.

**furacasa** *n.* burglar.

**furcula** *n.* wishbone, furcula.

**fureta** *vt.* pilfer. ● *n.* pilferage.

**furgon** *n.* van.

**furgoneta** *n.* people carrier, minivan, MPV.

**furia** *vi.* be furious, be enraged, go berserk, run amok, rampage. ● *vt.* infuriate, enrage. ● *n.* fury, rage, apoplexy.**furia publica** furore, outcry.

**furiosa** *adj.* furious, livid, raging, enraged, apoplectic, berserk.

**furlan** *adj.* & *n.* Furlan, Friulian (*person*, *language*).

**furlong** *n.* furlong (*unit of length*).

**furnador** *n.* dispenser (*machine*).

**furni** *vt.* supply, provide, furnish, yield, equip, dispense, issue, purvey, render; e.g. *furni acua a la vileta*. ● *n.*supply, provision, yield. **furni la come** cater. **furni nonvolente** reluctantly provide, cough up. **furnis**supplies, provisions, material, material resources. **furnis de scrive** writing materials.

**furnor** *n.* supplier, provider, purveyor. **furnor de come** caterer. **furnor de servi** service provider, public utility. **furnor esterna** third-party supplier.

**furon** *n.* ferret, polecat (*Mustela putorius*).

**furor** *n.* thief, robber, burglar, larcenist; kidnapper. **furor acasiste** opportunist thief, looter. **furor de bestias**rustler. **furor de caxas secur** safecracker.

**furtiva** *adj.* stealthy, shifty, sneaky. ● *adv.* stealthily, by stealth. ● *n.* lurker, prowler.

**furtivia** *n.* stealth, stealthiness, shiftiness, sneakiness.

**fusa** *vi.* fuse, meld, merge, coalesce, blend. ● *vt.* fuse, merge, blend; weld. ● *n.* fusion, merger.

**fusable** *adj.* fusible.

**fusil** *n.* gun, rifle, firearm. **fusil de antecarga** muzzleloader. **fusil de ataca** assault rifle. **fusil de mano**handgun, sidearm, pistol, revolver. **fusil de retrocarga** breechloader. **fusil de sintil** flintlock. **fusil de suber** popgun. **fusil de xasa** shotgun, rifle.

**fusili** *vt.* shoot (*with a rifle*). ● *n.* shooting, shootout.

**fusilor** *n.* marksman, gunman, rifleman, sharpshooter; fusilier.

**fusin** *adj.* spindle-shaped, fusiform.

**fuso** *n.* spindle.

**fustan** *n.* fustian (*fabric*).

**fusuma** *n.* fusuma (*screen*).

**futbal** *n.* football, soccer. **futbal american** American football, gridiron football.

**futbalor** *n.* footballer, football player, soccer player.

**futil** *adj.* futile, fruitless, hopeless, pointless, vain, fatuous; fond (*hope*). ● *adv.* in vain, to no avail.

**futilia** *n.* futility, fruitlessness.

**futon** *n.* futon (*mattress*).

**futuna** *adj.* & *n.* Futunan. **Uvea e Futuna** Wallis and Futuna.

**futur** *adj.* future, forthcoming, to come, -to-be, subsequent, eventual, prospective. ● *n.* future, posterity. **en la futur** in the future, subsequently. **en la futur distante** in the distant future, eventually.

**futuriste** *n.* futurist.

**futurolojia** *n.* futurology.

**futurolojiste** *n.* futurologist.

G

**g** [ge] *letter* g.

**gaba** *n.* GABA (*biology*).

**gabardina** *n.* gabardine (*fabric*).

**Gabon** *n.* Gabon.

**gabones** *adj.* & *n.* Gabonese.

**gado** *n.* cod (*fish*: *Gadidae*).

**gadolinio** *n.* gadolinium (*element*).

**gadures** *adj.* & *n.* Gallurese (*person*, *language*).

**gailica** *adj.* & *n.* Scottish Gaelic, Scots Gaelic.

**gaina** *n.* sheath; casing (*of cable*, *sausage*); spathe (*anatomy*). **gaina de cordeta** aglet.

**gaini** *vt.* sheathe.

**gal** *n.* chicken (*Gallus gallus*). **gal de venta** weathercock. **gal de xasor** cacciatore (*food*). **gal fema** hen. **gal fema joven** pullet. **gal mas** cock, cockerel, rooster.

**gala** *n.* show (*entertainment*).

**galago** *n.* galago, bushbaby, nagapie (*primate*: *Galagidae*).

**Galapagos, Isolas** *n.pl.* Galápagos Islands.

**galasia** *n.* galaxy.

**galasial** *adj.* galactic.

**galatosa** *n.* galactose (*sugar*).

**galea** *n.* galley (*ship*).

**galego** *adj.* & *n.* Galician.

**galeon** *n.* galleon (*ship*).

**galeria** *n.* gallery, showroom (*art*); cloister (*architecture*).

**galerieta** *n.* portfolio (*of work*).

**galeta** *n.* chick, chicken.

**galia**¹ *n.* bedstraw, galium (*plant*: *Galium*).

**Galia**² *n.* Gaul (*ancient region*).

**galin** *adj.* chickenlike.

**galinago** *n.* snipe (*bird*: *Coenocorypha*, *Gallinago*, *Lymnocryptes*).

**galio** *n.* gallium (*element*).

**Galisia** *n.* Galicia (*Spanish region*).

**galo** *adj.* & *n.* Gaulish; Gaul.

**galon** *n.* gallon.

**galopa** *vi.* & *n.* gallop.

**galvanica** *adj.* galvanic.

**gama**¹ *n.* leg; stem (*glass*). **con gamas arcida** bowlegged, bandylegged. **gama alta** upper leg. **gama basa**lower leg, shank. **gama de porte** doorpost, jamb.

**gama**² *n.* gamma (*Greek letter*).

**-gama**³ *adj.suff.* -gamous.

**gamalonga** *n.* daddy longlegs, harvester, harvestman (*arachnid*: *Phalangium*).

**gamba** *n.* shrimp, prawn (*Caridea*).

**Gambia** *n.* Gambia.

**gambian** *adj.* & *n.* Gambian.

**gamelan** *n.* gamelan.

**gameta** *n.* gamete.

**gametofite** *n.* gametophyte.

**gami** *vt.* & *n.* stride.

**-gamia** *n.suff.* -gamy (*marriage*, *mating*).

**gamon** *n.* stilt.

**gan** *n.* Gan (*language*).

**Gana** *n.* Ghana.

**ganaian** *adj.* & *n.* Ghanaian.

**ganax** *n.* ganache (*food*).

**gang** *n.* gang.

**Ganga, Rio** *n.* Ganges River.

**ganglio** *n.* ganglion (*biology*).

**gangrena** *n.* gangrene.

**gangrenosa** *adj.* gangrenous.

**gangster** *n.* gangster, mobster, racketeer.

**gania** *vt.* earn, gain; win (*game*); catch (*bus*, *etc.*). **gania la tempo** save time.

**ganiada** *adj.* earned, gained, won. **difisil ganiada** hard-won, close-fought, closely fought.

**ganior** *n.* winner. **sin ganior** tied, drawn (*match*).

**ganseta** *n.* gosling.

**ganso** *n.* goose (*Anser*, *Branta*, *Chen*); geek, nerd. **ganso mas** gander.

**ganteta** *n.* mitten.

**ganto** *n.* glove. **ganto de armur** gauntlet. **ganto de boxe** boxing glove. **ganto de cosini** oven glove.

**ganton** *n.* muff.

**gara** *n.* claw, talon.

**garaje** *n.* garage. **garaje partal** carport.

**garantia** *vt.* guarantee, ensure. ● *n.* guarantee, warranty, guaranty; collateral, security, surety; bail. **garantia de cualia** guarantee of quality, hallmark, imprimatur.

**garantior** *n.* bondsman, surety.

**garda** *vt.* guard, stand guard; save (*money*). ● *n.* guard; guardianship, tutelage. **garda la casa** housesit. **garda se contra** beware of.

**gardacorpo** *n.* bodyguard.

**gardacosta** *n.* coastguard.

**gardada** *n.* ward (*person*).

**gardador** *n.* guard (*device*), burglar alarm.

**gardafoco** *n.* fireguard, fender.

**gardaforesta** *n.* forest ranger, park ranger.

**gardamano** *n.* hand guard.

**gardaporte** *n.* doorkeeper, commissionaire.

**gardaporton** *n.* gatekeeper.

**gardaxasa** *n.* gamekeeper.

**gardenia** *n.* gardenia (*plant*: *Gardenia*).

**gardor** *n.* guard (*person*), sentry; warder, jailer, gaoler; guardian, custodian, warden; watchdog (*metaphor*).**gardor de pisina** lifeguard. **gardor de plaia** lifeguard.

**garga** *n.* throat.

**gargal** *adj.* throaty, guttural.

**gargara** *vt.* & *n.* gargle.

**gargarosa** *n.* redpoll (*bird*: *Acanthis flammea*).

**gargola** *n.* gargoyle.

**gari** *vt.* claw, scrabble at.

**garlanda** *n.* garland, wreath, festoon, swag. **garlanda sintilinte** tinsel.

**garlandi** *vt.* garland, wreathe, festoon.

**garnison** *n.* garrison.

**garota** *n.* garotte.

**garoti** *vt.* garotte.

**gas** *n.* gas. **gas invernerial** greenhouse gas. **gas nosiva** toxic gas, fumes.

**gasal** *adj.* gaseous (*of a gas*).

**gasi** *vi.* become gaseous. ● *vt.* make gaseous; gas, expose to gas.

**gasin** *adj.* gaseous (*like a gas*).

**gasolina** *n.* gasoline, petrol.

**gasolineria** *n.* gas station, petrol station.

**gasolio** *n.* diesel.

**gasometre** *n.* gasometer.

**gasosa** *adj.* gaseous (*full of gas*), gassy; carbonated, fizzy.

**gaspatxo** *n.* gazpacho (*soup*).

**gasta** *vi.* & *vt.* wear out, age; fray, unravel.

**gastada** *adj.* worn out, shabby, threadbare, frayed, dilapidated, rundown; (*tyre*) bald. **gastada par clima**weathered, weatherbeaten. **gastada par gera** war-torn.

**gastral** *adj.* gastric.

**gastraljia** *n.* gastralgia.

**gastrite** *n.* gastritis.

**gastroenterite** *n.* gastroenteritis.

**gastroenterolojia** *n.* gastroenterology.

**gastroenterolojiste** *n.* gastroenterologist.

**gastrointestinal** *adj.* gastrointestinal.

**gastropodo** *n.* gastropod (*Gastropoda*).

**gastrotrico** *n.* gastrotrich (*worm*: *Gastrotricha*).

**gateta** *n.* kitten, kitty, pussy, puss.

**gatili** *vt.* trigger.

**gatilio** *n.* trigger.

**gatiliomanica** *adj.* trigger-happy.

**gato** *n.* cat (*Felis catus*).

**gauda** *n.* gouda (*cheese*).

**gaulteria** *n.* wintergreen (*plant*: *Gaultheria*).

**gaus** *n.* gauss (*unit of induction*).

**gavia** *n.* loon, diver (*bird*: *Gavia*).

**gavota**¹ *n.* gull, seagull (*Laridae*).

**gavota**² *n.* gavotte (*dance*, *music*).

**gaxa** *n.* gruel, porridge, mush. **gaxa de avena** porridge, oatmeal. **gaxa de favas** bean porridge; baked beans.**gaxa de orzo** barley porridge. **gaxa de pisos** mashed peas, mushy peas. **gaxa de ris** rice porridge; rice pudding. **gaxa de torta** cake batter, cake mix.

**gaxi** *vi.* & *vt.* mush.

**gaxin** *adj.* mushy, sloppy. ● *n.* mush, pap, slop.

**gaza**¹ *n.* gauze. **gaza de ceso** cheesecloth.

**Gaza**² *n.* Gaza, Gaza strip.

**gazela** *n.* gazelle (*Gazella*).

**ge** *adj.* & *n.* gay, queer, homosexual.

**geco** *n.* gecko (*Gekkonidae*).

**Genova** *n.* Genoa (*Italian city*).

**genoves** *adj.* & *n.* Genoese.

**Georgia** [djordja] *n.* Georgia (*US state*).

**gepardo** *n.* cheetah (*Acinonyx jubatus*).

**gera** *vi.* war, make war. ● *n.* war, warfare. **declara un gera contra** wage war on. **gera biolojial** biological warfare. **gera cimical** chemical warfare. **gera fria** cold war. **gera interna** civil war, internecine war. **gera lampin** blitzkrieg. **gera mundal** world war. **gera nucleal** nuclear warfare. **gera psicolojial**psychological warfare.

**gerilia** *n.* guerrilla. **gera de gerilia** guerrilla warfare.

**germanica** *adj.* & *n.* Germanic, Teutonic.

**germanio** *n.* germanium (*element*).

**Gernsi** *n.* Guernsey.

**gernsies** *adj.* & *n.* Sarnian (*person*); Guernésiais (*language*).

**geror** *n.* warrior.

**gerosa** *adj.* bellicose, warlike.

**geser** *n.* geyser; gusher, uprush, blowout (*oil*).

**gestalt** *n.* gestalt.

**gestapo** *n.* gestapo.

**geto** *n.* ghetto.

**gexa** *n.* geisha.

**gi** *n.* ghee (*butter*).

**gibon** *n.* gibbon (*Hylobatidae*).

**gida** *vt.* guide, lead, head; conduct, convey; usher, herd, wrangle; drive (*vehicle*), steer. ● *n.* guidance, leadership.

**gidador** *n.* guide (*device*).

**gidor** *n.* guide, leader, usher, docent; driver (*vehicle*), chauffeur. **gidor de museo** museum guide. **gidor de turi** tour guide.

**giga-** *pref.* giga- (*a thousand million*).

**gigabait** *n.* gigabyte, gig.

**gilotin** *n.* guillotine.

**gilotini** *vt.* guillotine.

**gimnosperma** *n.* gymnosperm (*botany*).

**ginco** *n.* ginkgo (*tree*: *Ginkgo biloba*).

**Gine** *n.* Guinea. **Gine-Bisau** *n.* Guinea-Bissau. **Gine Ecuatoral** Equatorial Guinea. **Gine Nova** New Guinea.**Golfo Gine** Gulf of Guinea. See *ecuatoginean*.

**ginean** *adj.* & *n.* Guinean.

**gingam** *n.* gingham. **de gingam** (*made of*) gingham.

**ginia** *vt.* wink, blink, nictate. ● *n.* wink, blink (*eyes*).

**gitar** *n.* guitar. **gitar acustical** acoustic guitar. **gitar baso** bass guitar. **gitar eletrical** electric guitar.

**gitariste** *n.* guitarist.

**gladiator** *n.* gladiator.

**gladiolo** *n.* gladiolus (*Gladiolus*).

**glamor** *n.* glamour, pizzazz.

**glamori** *vt.* glamorize.

**glamorosa** *adj.* glamorous.

**glande** *n.* gland; glans. **glande salival** salivary gland. **glande suprarenal** adrenal gland.

**glareola** *n.* pratincole (*bird*: *Glareola*, *Stiltia*).

**glasa** *vt.* glaze, ice, frost. ● *n.* glaze, icing, frosting. **glasa fondente** fondant.

**glasada** *adj.* glazed, glossy.

**glasi** *vi.* & *vt.* glaciate. ● *n.* glaciation.

**glasia** *n.* glacier, icecap. **glasia polal** polar icecap.

**glasial** *adj.* glacial.

**glasida** *adj.* glaciated.

**glasiolojia** *n.* glaciology.

**glasiolojiste** *n.* glaciologist.

**glasnost** *n.* glasnost.

**glaucoma** *n.* glaucoma.

**gleditsia** *n.* honey locust (*tree*: *Gleditsia*).

**gli** *n.* glee (*music*).

**glicojen** *n.* glycogen (*biology*).

**glifo** *n.* glyph, pictogram, pictograph.

**glisemia** *n.* glycaemia (US glycemia).

**glisemial** *adj.* glycaemic (US glycemic). **indise glisemial** glycaemic (US glycemic) index.

**gliserol** *n.* glycerol, glycerin, glycerine.

**glisina** *n.* wisteria (*plant*: *Wisteria*).

**global** *adj.* global, worldwide.

**globali** *vi.* & *vt.* globalize. ● *n.* globalization.

**globalisme** *n.* globalism.

**globaliste** *n.* globalist.

**globin** *adj.* globular.

**globo** *n.* globe. **globo de oio** eyeball.

**globulina** *n.* globulin (*protein*).

**glocenspil** *n.* glockenspiel.

**glomerulo** *n.* glomerulus (*anatomy*).

**glori** *v.* glorify.

**gloria** *n.* glory, magnificence, majesty.

**gloriosa** *adj.* glorious, magnificent, majestic.

**glosa** *n.* gloss, annotation.

**gloseria** *n.* glossary.

**glotal** *adj.* glottal. ● *n.* glottal (*consonant*).

**glote** *n.* glottis.

**gloton** *adj.* gluttonous. ● *n.* glutton.

**glotonia** *n.* gluttony.

**glucagon** *n.* glucagon.

**glucosa** *n.* glucose, blood sugar.

**glu-glu** *interj.* gobble (*turkey*, *peacock*).

**gluma** *n.* husk, chaff.

**gluon** *n.* gluon (*particle*).

**glutamato** *n.* glutamate (*chemistry*).

**glutamina** *n.* glutamine (*amino acid*).

**glutaminal** *adj.* glutamic.

**gluten** *n.* gluten.

**gluteo** *n.* buttock, gluteus. **gluteos** buttocks, backside, behind, bottom, rear.

**gnais** *n.* gneiss (*geology*).

**gnatostomulido** *n.* gnathostomulid (*organism*: *Gnathostomulida*).

**gneto** *n.* gnetum (*plant*: *Gnetum*).

**gnomon** *n.* gnomon.

**gnostica** *adj.* & *n.* gnostic.

**gnosticisme** *n.* gnosticism.

**gnu** *n.* gnu, wildebeest (*Connochaetes*).

**go** *n.* go (*game*).

**Gobi** *n.* Gobi. **Deserto Gobi** Gobi Desert.

**gobio** *n.* goby (*fish*: *Gobiidae*).

**gofer** *n.* gopher (*rodent*: *Geomyidae*).

**gol** *n.* goal, target. **fa un gol** score a goal.

**golem** *n.* golem (*mythology*).

**goleta** *n.* schooner (*ship*).

**golf** *n.* golf (*sport*).

**golferia** *n.* golf course.

**golfo** *n.* gulf.

**golfor** *n.* golfer.

**golor** *n.* goalkeeper, goaltender, goalie.

**goma** *n.* gum. **goma de cansela** eraser. **goma de mastica** chewing gum.

**gombo** *n.* okra, gumbo (*plant*: *Abelmoschus esculentus*).

**gomin** *adj.* gummy, chewy.

**gonada** *n.* gonad.

**gondola** *n.* gondola.

**gondolor** *n.* gondolier.

**gongo** *n.* gong.

**gonorea** *n.* gonorrhoea (US gonorrhea), clap.

**gorgonzola** *n.* gorgonzola.

**gorila** *n.* gorilla (*Gorilla*).

**gospel** *adj.* & *n.* gospel (*music*).

**gota**¹ *vi.* & *vt.* drip. ● *n.* drip, drop (*liquid*). **gota de pluve** raindrop.

**gota**² *n.* gout (*medical*).

**gotea** *vi.* & *vt.* leak; e.g. *la teto gotea*; *acua es goteada par la teto*. ● *n.* leak, leakage.

**goteante** *adj.* leaking, leaky.

**goteta** *n.* droplet; tiny amount, smidgen, tad.

**gotica** *adj.* Gothic (*architecture*, *lettering*).

**goto** *adj.* Gothic (*person*, *language*). ● *n.* Goth.

**goton** *n.* blob, dollop, glob, globule.

**governa** *vt.* govern, rule. ● *n.* government, rule, regime; cabinet. **governa pupetin** puppet government, puppet regime.

**governal** *adj.* government.

**governor** *n.* governor.

**governoria** *n.* governorate.

**gradal** *adj.* gradual. ● *adv.* gradually.

**gradalisme** *n.* gradualism.

**gradeta** *n.* rung.

**gradi** *vt.* grade, rank, rate; stagger (*events*, *payments*). ● *n.* ranking, rating (*measurement*).

**gradiente** *n.* gradient. **gradiente de consentra** concentration gradient. **gradiente de presa** pressure gradient. **gradiente sosial** social gradient. **gradiente termal** thermal gradient, temperature gradient.

**grado** *n.* degree, extent; rank, echelon; stair, tread, step; stage, step (*process*). **a no grado** to no extent, not at all. **grado de celsius** degree Celsius, degree centigrade. **grado de farenhait** degree Fahrenheit. **grado de porte** doorstep. **par grado** *adj.* gradual. ● *adv.* gradually. **redui de grado** downgrade. **redui la grado de** downgrade.

**gradua** *vi.* graduate. ● *n.* graduation. **gradua de scola** leave school, graduate from school.

**graduada** *adj.* graduated. ● *n.* graduate. **graduada prima** valedictorian.

**graduante** *adj.* graduating. **graduante de scola** school leaver.

**graf**¹ *n.* graph (*diagram*).

**-graf**² *n.suff.* -graph (*device*).

**grafem** *n.* grapheme.

**grafemal** *adj.* graphemic.

**grafi** *vi.* & *vt.* graph.

**-grafia** *n.suff.* -graphy.

**grafica** *adj.* graphic, graphical. ● *n.* graphic; graphic design.

**graficiste** *n.* graphic artist, graphic designer.

**grafiti** *n.* graffiti.

**grafito** *n.* graphite; (*pencil*) lead.

**grafitosa** *adj.* graffitied, covered in graffiti.

**grafolojia** *n.* graphology.

**grafolojiste** *n.* graphologist.

**grai** *n.* gray (*unit of radiation*).

**gralia** *n.* rook (*Corvus frugilegus*).

**gram**¹ *n.* gram, gramme.

**-gram**² *n.suff.* -gram (*output of device*).

**gramatica** *n.* grammar.

**gramatical** *adj.* grammatical.

**gramaticiste** *n.* grammarian.

**gran** *n.* grain, kernel, grist, cereal seed; cereal crop, corn; particle, pellet (*salt*, *sand*, *etc.*). **gran de plomo** lead shot.

**granada**¹ *n.* grenade.

**granada**² *n.* pomegranate (*Punica granatum*).

**granador** *n.* grenadier (*soldier*).

**granato** *n.* garnet (*gem*).

**grande** *adj.* large, big, great, hefty, sizeable; great, eminent; e.g. *Alexandro la Grande*. **Rio Grande** Rio Grande.

**grandi** *vi.* & *vt.* enlarge, grow, increase, amplify, magnify, augment, scale up, escalate. ● *n.* enlargement, growth, increase, amplification, magnification; augmentation, escalation.

**grandia** *n.* size, amplitude; stature. **de grandia cambiable** resizable. **de grandia natural** full-size, full-scale, life-size. **de grandia vera** life-size.

**grandida** *adj.* enlarged, magnified.

**grandiosa** *adj.* grandiose, grand.

**graneria** *n.* barn, granary; breadbasket (*region*).

**graneta** *n.* granule; bagatelle, trinket, trifle, triviality.

**granetin** *adj.* granular, grainy, crumbly.

**grani** *vi.* & *vt.* granulate.

**granin** *adj.* granulated.

**granito** *n.* granite.

**graniza** *vi.* hail. ● *n.* hail, hailstone.

**granuloma** *n.* granuloma (*medical*).

**granulopoiese** *n.* granulopoiesis (*medical*).

**granulosite** *n.* granulocyte (*medical*).

**granulositopenia** *n.* granulocytopenia (*medical*).

**grapa** *n.* staple (*fastener*).

**grapador** *n.* stapler, staple gun.

**grapi** *vt.* staple.

**gras** *n.* fat (*oily animal material*), grease, flab, shortening, lard. **gras de balena** blubber. **gras de bur** butterfat.**gras de porco** lard. **gras de ren** suet.

**grasi** *vt.* grease, baste.

**grasia** *vt.* thank. ● *n.* gratitude, thanks; grace (*Christianity*). **con grasias a** thanks to. **grasias** thanks, thank you. **grasias a Dio** thank God, thank goodness. **grasias a la sielo** thank heavens.

**grasieta** *vt.* tip, give a tip (*for service*). ● *n.* tip, gratuity.

**grasiosa** *adj.* grateful, thankful, appreciative. **es grasiosa per** be grateful for, appreciate.

**grasosa** *adj.* fat, fatty, greasy.

**Grau, Mar** *n.* Mar de Grau.

**grava** *vt.* engrave, etch. ● *n.* engraving, etching.

**gravada** *adj.* engraved, graven.

**gravador** *n.* engraving machine.

**grave** *adj.* grave, serious, dire, grim, grievous, virulent.

**gravia** *n.* seriousness, gravity.

**gravita** *vi.* gravitate. ● *n.* gravity.

**graviton** *n.* graviton.

**gravor** *n.* engraver.

**grebe** *n.* grebe (*bird*: *Podicipedidae*).

**gregorian** *adj.* Gregorian.

**Grenada** *n.* Grenada.

**grenadian** *adj.* & *n.* Grenadian.

**Grenadine, Isolas** *n.pl.* Grenadine Islands.

**greve** *vi.* strike (*protest*). ● *n.* strike. **greve nonlegal** wildcat strike.

**grevor** *n.* striker, picketer.

**grifon** *n.* griffin, griffon, gryphon.

**grili** *vt.* grill, barbecue, broil, charboil; add a hash sign to, hashtag.

**grilia** *n.* grill, grillwork, grid, gridiron, grate, lattice, latticework, trellis; broiler; hash sign, hashtag; number sign; pound sign (*US: weight*). **grilia de ximineria** grate (*fireplace*).

**grilin** *adj.* gridlike, crisscross.

**grilo** *n.* cricket (*insect*: *Ensifera*). **grilo verde** katydid, bush cricket (*Tettigoniidae*).

**grima** *vi.* & *n.* grimace, frown, scowl, glower, glare, sneer; grin (*skull*).

**grinse** *vi.*, *vt.* & *n.* creak (*high-pitched*), squeak, chirp, grate.

**grinsente** *adj.* creaking, creaky, squeaky.

**grio** *n.* griot (*storyteller*).

**gripe** *n.* influenza, flu. **gripe avial** avian flu, bird flu. **gripe porcal** swine flu.

**gris** *adj.* grey (US gray), grizzled. ● *n.* grey (US gray).

**grisi** *vi.* & *vt.* grey (US gray), turn grey (US gray), grizzle.

**grisin** *adj.* greyish (US grayish).

**grog** *n.* grog (*drink*).

**Gronland** *n.* Greenland. **Mar Gronland** Greenland Sea. See *Calalitnunat*.

**gronlandes** *adj.* Greenlandic (*person*, *language*). ● *n.* Greenlander. See *calalit*.

**grosela** *n.* edible currant (*Ribes*). **grosela negra** blackcurrant (*Ribes nigrum*). **grosela roja** redcurrant (*Ribes rubrum*). **grosela spinosa** gooseberry (*Ribes uva*-*crispa*).

**grr** *interj.* grrr (*growling*).

**gru** *n.* crane (*bird*, *machine*: *Gruidae*). **Gru** *n.* Grus (*constellation*). **gru cavaletin** gantry.

**grunje** *adj.* & *n.* grunge (*music*).

**grupal** *adj.* group, as a group.

**grupi**¹ *n.* groupie.

**grupi**² *vi.* & *vt.* group, form a group.

**grupo** *n.* group, bunch, batch, troop, cohort, posse, cluster, clump. **grupo de odia** hate group. **grupo escluinte** clique, coterie. **grupo laborante** working group, working party. **grupo propre** ingroup.

**grupor** *n.* grouper (*fish*).

**guacamole** *n.* guacamole (*food*).

**Guadelupe** *n.* Guadeloupe.

**guadelupean** *adj.* Guadeloupean.

**guaiava** *n.* guava (*tree*, *fruit*: *Psidium*).

**Guam** *n.* Guam (*island*).

**guamanian** *adj.* & *n.* Guamanian.

**Guangdong** *n.* Guangdong. **guangdong** *n.* Guang Dong Wa (*language*).

**guano** *n.* guano.

**guarani** *adj.* & *n.* Guarani (*person*, *language*).

**Guatemala** *n.* Guatemala.

**guatemalteca** *adj.* & *n.* Guatemalan.

**Guayaquil** *n.* Guayaquil. **Golfo Guayaquil** Gulf of Guayaquil.

**Gudjarat** *n.* Gujarat (*Indian state*).

**gudjarati** *adj.* & *n.* Gujarati (*person*, *language*).

**gugli**¹ *vt.* google (*search for*).

**gugli**² *n.* googly (*cricket*).

**gugol** *n.* googol (*number*).

**gugolplex** *n.* googolplex (*number*).

**Guian Franses** *n.* French Guiana.

**Guiana** *n.* Guyana.

**guianan** *adj.* & *n.* Guyanan.

**guianes** *adj.* & *n.* Guianan.

**gul** *n.* ghoul (*mythology*).

**gulag** *n.* gulag.

**gulax** *n.* goulash, gulyás (*soup*).

**gulo** *n.* wolverine (*animal*: *Gulo gulo*).

**gundi** *n.* gundi (*rodent*: *Ctenodactylidae*).

**gupi** *n.* guppy (*fish*: *Poecilia reticulata*).

**guptan** *adj.* Guptan (*dynasty*).

**gurami** *n.* gourami (*fish*: *Osphronemidae*).

**gurgula** *vi.*, *vt.* & *n.* gurgle, glug, squelch.

**gurme** *n.* gourmet, gastronome, epicure, epicurean.

**guru** *n.* guru.

**gusta** *vt.* like, enjoy, be fond of; e.g. *me gusta leje*; *me gusta esta canta*. ● *n.* enjoyment. **no gusta** dislike.

**gustable** *adj.* likeable (US likable), enjoyable, pleasant, agreeable, welcome, groovy.

H

**h** [hax] *letter* h.

**ha** *interj.* ha. **ha ha** ha ha (*laughing*).

**haca**¹ *adj.* & *n.* Hakka (*person*, *language*).

**haca**² *n.* haka (*dance*).

**hadj** *n.* hajj (*pilgrimage*).

**hadji** *n.* hajji (*pilgrim*).

**hadrosauro** *n.* hadrosaur, hadrosaurus (*Hadrosauridae*).

**hafnio** *n.* hafnium (*element*).

**hagis** *n.* haggis (*food*).

**haiaren** *adj.* & *n.* Armenian (*person*, *language*). See *armenian*.

**Haiastan** *n.* Armenia. See *Armenia*.

**haicu** *n.* haiku (*poetry*).

**haida** *adj.* & *n.* Haida (*person*, *language*).

**Hainan** *n.* Hainan (*island*).

**halal** *adj.* halal. ● *n.* halal meat.

**halter** *n.* dumbbell.

**halux** *n.* hallux, big toe (*technical*). **halux valga** bunion.

**Hampshire Nova** [hámpxer] *n.* New Hampshire (*US state*).

**han**¹ *n.* khan, khagan (*governor*).

**han**² *adj.* Han (*dynasty*).

**handbal** *n.* handball (*sport*).

**hangugo** *adj.* & *n.* Korean (*person*, *language*). See *corean*.

**hangul** *n.* hangul, hangeul (*writing system*).

**hania** *n.* khanate, khaganate.

**hantavirus** *n.* hantavirus (*medical*).

**hanuca** *n.* Hanukkah (*Jewish festival*).

**haraciri** *n.* harakiri (*disembowelment*).

**hascala** *n.* Haskalah, Jewish Enlightenment.

**hasidisme** *n.* Hasidism (*Judaism*).

**hasidiste** *adj.* Hasidic. ● *n.* Hasid.

**hasio** *n.* hassium (*element*).

**hausa** *adj.* & *n.* Hausa (*person*, *language*).

**hawaian** *adj.* & *n.* Hawaiian. **Isolas Hawaian** Hawaiian Islands.

**Hawaii** *n.* Hawaii (*US state*).

**haxix** *n.* hashish.

**he** *interj.* hey, ahoy.

**Hebrides** *n.pl.* Hebrides. **Hebrides Esterna** Outer Hebrides. **Hebrides Interna** Inner Hebrides.

**Hecate, Streta** *n.* Hecate Strait.

**hemicordato** *n.* hemichordate (*organism*: *Hemichordata*).

**hena** *n.* henna (*plant*, *dye*: *Lawsonia inermis*).

**henri** *n.* henry (*unit of inductance*).

**hentai** *n.* hentai (*manga*).

**Hercule** *n.* Hercules (*mythology*, *constellation*).

**herculin** *adj.* Herculean.

**hersegovasce** *adj.* & *n.* Herzegovinian.

**Hersegovina** *n.* Herzegovina.

**herze** *n.* hertz.

**hibatxi** *n.* hibachi (*heater*).

**hidjab** *n.* hijab (*garment*).

**hidjra** *n.* hejira (*Islam*).

**hi hi** *interj.* hee-hee, tee-hee (*giggling*).

**Himalaia** *n.* Himalayas (*region*). **Montes Himalaia** Himalaya Mountains, Himalayas.

**himalaian** *adj.* Himalayan.

**hindi** *adj.* & *n.* Hindi (*language*).

**hiolito** *n.* hyolith (*fossil*: *hyolitha*).

**hiphop** *adj.* hip-hop (*dance*, *music*).

**hipi** *n.* hippy, hippie.

**Hipocrate** *n.* Hippocrates. **jura de Hipocrate** Hippocratic oath.

**hiragana** *n.* hiragana (*writing system*).

**hitita** *adj.* & *n.* Hittite (*person*, *language*).

**hm** *interj.* hmm (*thinking*); ahem (*attracting attention*).

**hobit** *n.* hobbit.

**hoci** *n.* hockey, field hockey. **hoci de campo** field hockey. **hoci de jelo** ice hockey. **hoci eres** hurling.

**ho ho ho** *interj.* ho ho ho.

**Hokkaido** *n.* Hokkaido (*island*).

**holding** *n.* holding company.

**holmio** *n.* holmium (*element*).

**holo** *adj.* & *n.* Hoklo, Taiwanese Hokkien (*person*, *language*).

**holozon** *n.* holozoon (pl. holozoa) (*organism*).

**holstain** *n.* holstein (*cow*).

**homeral** *adj.* Homeric.

**Homero** *n.* Homer.

**Hongkong** *n.* Hong Kong.

**Honshu** *n.* Honshu (*island*).

**hopi** *adj.* & *n.* Hopi (*person*, *language*).

**Hormuz** *n.* Hormuz. **Streta Hormuz** Strait of Hormuz.

**hornpip** *n.* hornpipe (*dance*, *music*).

**Huanghai, Mar** *n.* Huang Hai, Yellow Sea. See *Jala*.

**Huanghe, Rio** *n.* Huang He, Yellow River.

**Hudson** *n.* Hudson. **Baia Hudson** Hudson Bay. **Rio Hudson** Hudson River. **Streta Hudson** Hudson Strait.

**hula** *n.* hula (*dance*).

**hun** *adj.* Hunnic. ● *n.* Hun.

**huri** *n.* houri (*Islam*).

**Huron, Lago** *n.* Lake Huron.

**husar** *n.* hussar (*soldier*).

**husci** *n.* husky (*dog*).

**husisme** *n.* Hussitism (*Christianity*).

**husiste** *adj.* & *n.* Hussite.

**huterita** *adj.* & *n.* Hutterite (*Christianity*).

**huti** *adj.* & *n.* Houthi (*Islam*).

**hutu** *adj.* & *n.* Hutu (*person*, *language*).

I

**i**¹ [i] *letter* i.

**i**² *interj.* eek.

**-i**³ *vi.suff.* become, -en, -esce, -ify, -ize; e.g. *la acua profondi*; *la visitores grupi*. ● *vt.suff.* cause (*someone or something*) to become; e.g. *me pleni la caxa*; *on grupi la visitores*. ● *n.suff.* (*fractional number*); e.g. *dui, tri, cuatri*.

**-i**⁴ *vt.suff.* make use of (*tool*), apply (*substance*) to; e.g. *el botoni sua jacon*; *me va telefoni la detalias a tu*; *on ia pinti la mur*; *me va buri la pan*.

**-i**⁵ *vt.suff.* emit (*bodily fluid*); e.g. *urini*; *vomiti sangue*.

**-i**⁶ *adj.suff.* & *n.suff.* -i (*pertaining to a region*); e.g. *arabi*. See *-an, -es, -ica, -sce*.

**ia**¹ *adv.* (*preverbal*) (*indicating that a finite verb is in the past tense*) -ed, did (*happen*), have (*happened*); e.g.*me ia espera ce tu es asi*. **ia ta** would have (*past hypothetical*); e.g. *si me ta sabe acel, me no ia ta parla*.

**-ia**² *n.suff.* -ness, -ity, -hood, -ship (*abstract quality*); e.g. *felisia*; *en mea enfantia*; *la jornal de la bispia*.

**-ia**³ *n.suff.* -y, -ia (*disease*).

**i-aa** *interj.* eeyore, hee haw, bray.

**iac** *n.* yak (*Bos grunniens*, *Bos mutus*).

**Iaman** *n.* Yemen.

**iamani** *adj.* & *n.* Yemeni.

**iambal** *adj.* iambic.

**iambo** *n.* iamb, iambus (*poetry*).

**ianci** *adj.* & *n.* (*colloquial*) Yankee (*American*).

**iang** *n.* yang (*philosophy*).

**iard** *n.* yard (*unit of length*).

**-iase** *n.suff.* -iase (*disease*).

**iate** *n.* yacht; cruiser (*pleasure boat*).

**iator** *n.* yachtsman, yachtswoman.

**-iatria** *n.suff.* -iatry.

**-iatrica** *adj.suff.* -iatric.

**iatrojen** *adj.* iatrogenic (*caused by doctors*).

**Iaue** *n.* Yahweh.

**Iberia** *n.* Iberia.

**iberian** *adj.* & *n.* Iberian.

**ibex** *n.* ibex (*goat*: *Capra ibex*).

**ibis** *n.* ibis (*bird*: *Threskiornithinae*).

**ibisco** *n.* hibiscus (*plant*: *Hibiscus*).

**ibride** *adj.* hybrid, crossbred, mongrel. ● *n.* hybrid, crossbreed, mongrel.

**ibridi** *vi.* & *vt.* hybridize, crossbreed. ● *n.* hybridization.

**ica**¹ *vi.* hiccup, hiccough. ● *n.* hiccup.

**-ica**² *adj.suff.* & *n.suff.* -ic, -ish (*pertaining to a region*); e.g. *cimrica*. See *-an, -es, -i, -sce*.

**-ica**³ *adj.suff.* & *n.suff.* -ic, -iac (*suffering from a medical condition*); e.g. *alerjica*.

**-ica**⁴ *n.suff.* -ic (*chemical valency*).

**icebana** *n.* ikebana (*flower arrangement*).

**icon** *n.* icon.

**iconin** *adj.* iconic.

**iconoclasia** *n.* iconoclasm.

**iconoclasiste** *adj.* iconoclastic. ● *n.* iconoclast.

**icor** *n.* ichor (*mythology*, *medical*).

**icosaedro** *adj.* icosahedral. ● *n.* icosahedron.

**ictiolojia** *n.* ichthyology.

**ictiolojiste** *n.* ichthyologist.

**ictiosauro** *n.* ichthyosaur, ichthyosaurus (*Ichthyosauria*).

**id** *n.* id (*psychology*).

**Idaho** [aídaho] *n.* Idaho (*US state*).

**idea** *n.* idea, concept, issue, notion. **ideas** ideas. **ideas asetada** received wisdom.

**ideal** *adj.* & *n.* ideal.

**ideali** *vi.* & *vt.* idealize. ● *n.* idealization.

**idealia** *n.* ideality.

**idealisme** *n.* idealism.

**idealiste** *adj.* idealistic, quixotic. ● *n.* idealist.

**identia** *n.* identity, ID. **identia de jenero** gender identity. **identia sesal** sexual identity.

**identica** *adj.* identical.

**identifia** *vt.* identify, designate. ● *n.* identification, designation. **identifia se** identify oneself, log in (*software*).

**identifiable** *adj.* identifiable.

**identifiada** *adj.* identified, designated; logged in (*software*).

**identifiante** *n.* identifier.

**ideogram** *n.* ideogram, ideograph.

**ideolojia** *n.* ideology.

**ideolojial** *adj.* ideological.

**ideolojiste** *n.* ideologist.

**ides** *adj.* & *n.* Yiddish.

**idilin** *adj.* idyllic.

**idilio** *n.* idyll.

**idiografia** *n.* idiography.

**idiografial** *adj.* idiographic.

**idiom** *n.* idiom.

**idiomal** *adj.* idiomatic.

**idiopatia** *n.* idiopathy.

**idiopatica** *adj.* idiopathic.

**-ido** *n.suff.* -ide (*salt*).

**idol** *n.* idol; heartthrob.

**idoli** *vi.* be idolized. ● *vt.* idolize. ● *n.* idolatry.

**idolinte** *adj.* idolatrous.

**idolor** *n.* idolater, idol worshipper (US worshiper).

**idra** *n.* hydra (*organism*: *Hydra*). **Idra** *n.* Hydra (*mythology*). ● *n.* Hydra (*constellation*). **Idra Mas** Hydrus (*constellation*).

**idrante** *n.* hydrant, fire hydrant, fire plug.

**idrata** *vi.* & *vt.* hydrate, moisturize. ● *n.* hydration.

**idratador** *n.* hydrator.

**idratante** *adj.* moisturizing. ● *n.* moisturizer.

**idraulica** *n.* hydraulics.

**idraulical** *adj.* hydraulic.

**idro-** *pref.* hydro- (*water*).

**idrocarbonal** *adj.* hydrocarbon.

**idrocarbono** *n.* hydrocarbon.

**idroclorica** *adj.* hydrochloric. **asida idroclorica** hydrochloric acid.

**idroclorido** *n.* hydrochloride.

**idrodinamica** *n.* hydrodynamics.

**idrodinamical** *adj.* hydrodynamic; streamlined.

**idroeletrica** *n.* hydroelectricity.

**idroeletrical** *adj.* hydroelectric.

**idrofilia** *n.* hydrophilia.

**idrofilica** *adj.* hydrophilic. ● *n.* hydrophile.

**idrofobia** *n.* hydrophobia.

**idrofobica** *adj.* hydrophobic. ● *n.* hydrophobe.

**idrografia** *n.* hydrography.

**idrografial** *adj.* hydrographical.

**idrografiste** *n.* hydrographer.

**idrojen** *n.* hydrogen.

**idrolise** *vt.* hydrolyse (US hydrolyze). ● *n.* hydrolysis.

**idrolojia** *n.* hydrology.

**idrolojiste** *n.* hydrologist.

**idromel** *n.* mead (*drink*).

**idroplana** *n.* hydrofoil.

**idroponia** *n.* hydroponics.

**idroponial** *adj.* hydroponic.

**idrosa** *adj.* hydrous.

**idrosefalia** *n.* hydrocephalus, water on the brain.

**idrosefalica** *adj.* hydrocephalic.

**idrosfera** *n.* hydrosphere.

**idrosido** *n.* hydroxide. **idrosido de potasio** potassium hydroxide, caustic potash, lye. **idrosido de sodio**sodium hydroxide, caustic soda, lye.

**idrosil** *adj.* hydroxyl (*chemistry*).

**idrostatica** *n.* hydrostatics.

**idrostatical** *adj.* hydrostatic.

**idroterapia** *n.* hydrotherapy.

**idrotermal** *adj.* hydrothermal.

**idrozon** *n.* hydrozoon (pl. hydrozoa) (*organism*).

**ie** *interj.* yeah, yay.

**ien** *n.* yen (*currency*).

**iena** [ïena] *n.* hyena (*Hyaenidae*).

**ienin** [ïenin] *adj.* hyena-like.

**ier** *adv.* & *n.* yesterday. **a la dia ante ier** the day before yesterday.

**ierarcia** *n.* hierarchy.

**ierarcial** *adj.* hierarchic, hierarchical.

**ieratica** *adj.* hieratic (*writing*, *art*).

**Ierevan** *n.* Yerevan.

**ieroglifal** *adj.* hieroglyphic.

**ieroglifo** *n.* hieroglyph.

**Ieruxalim** *n.* Jerusalem.

**ieti** *n.* yeti.

**ifen** *n.* hyphen. See *sinia de junta*.

**ifenable** *adj.* hyphenatable.

**ifeni** *vt.* hyphenate. ● *n.* hyphenation.

**-ifer** *n.suff.* -ifer (*producing*, *carrying*).

**iftar** *n.* iftar (*meal*).

**iglu** *n.* igloo.

**iguana** *n.* iguana (*Iguana*).

**iguanodon** *n.* iguanodon (*Iguanodon*).

**iii**¹ *interj.* neigh, whinny (*horse*).

**i-i-i**² *interj.* ee-ee-ee, ook (*monkey*).

**iin** *n.* yin (*philosophy*).

**iin-iang** *n.* yin-yang.

**ijeni** *vt.* sanitize.

**ijenia** *n.* hygiene, sanitation.

**ijenial** *adj.* hygienic, sanitary.

**ijeninte** *n.* sanitizer.

**ijeniste** *n.* hygienist.

**-il** *n.suff.* -yl (*chemistry*).

**ilaria** *n.* hilarity, mirth.

**ilario** *adj.* hilarious, uproarious.

**ileo** *n.* ileum (*anatomy*).

**ilex** *n.* holly (*Ilex*).

**Iliada** *n.* Iliad (*poem*).

**ilio**¹ *n.* ilium (*anatomy*).

**Ilio**² *n.* Ilium, Ilion (*ancient Troy*). See *Troia*.

**Iliria** *n.* Illyria.

**ilirian** *adj.* Illyrian.

**Illinois** [ilinoí] *n.* Illinois (*US state*).

**ilote** *n.* helot (*social class*).

**ilude** *vt.* delude. ● *n.* delusion, illusion, figment. **ilude de grandiosia** delusion of grandeur. **ilude de paranoia** delusion of paranoia. **ilude de vide** optical illusion, visual illusion.

**iludente** *adj.* illusive, illusory.

**iludiste** *n.* illusionist.

**im-**¹ *pref.* im- (*in*, *into*).

**im-**² *pref.* im- (*not*).

**imago** *n.* imago (*biology*, *psychology*).

**imaje** *n.* image, picture, depiction, graphic, illustration, painting, drawing, photo; frame (*movie*). **imaje esajerada** caricature. **imaje matrisin** bitmap image, raster image. **imaje vetoral** vector image, vector graphic. **imajes** images, imagery.

**imajeta** *n.* thumbnail image.

**imaji** *vi.* appear as an image. ● *vt.* image, picture, depict, illustrate. ● *n.* imaging.

**imajin** *adj.* pictorial.

**imajina** *vt.* imagine, fancy, ideate, visualize; dream up, think up, think of, come up with, hit on. ● *n.* imagination, ideation.

**imajinable** *adj.* imaginable, conceivable.

**imajinal** *adj.* imaginary, fictional, fictitious, fanciful, chimeric, chimerical.

**imajinosa** *adj.* imaginative.

**imajor** *n.* illustrator.

**imam** *n.* imam (*Islam*).

**imantico** *n.* stilt (*bird*: *Himantopus*).

**imen** *n.* hymen, maidenhead (*anatomy*).

**imita** *vt.* imitate, mimic, emulate, impersonate. ● *n.* imitation, mimicry, emulation, impersonation.

**imitador** *n.* emulator (*software*).

**imitor** *n.* impressionist, mimic, impersonator.

**imno** *n.* hymn, anthem, paean.

**imobila** *n.* property, premises, piece of real estate, homestead, realty. **con imobila** propertied, landed.

**impala** *n.* impala (*antelope*: *Aepyceros melampus*).

**impasto** *n.* impasto (*painting technique*).

**impedi** *vt.* impede, hinder, prevent, hamper, deter, preclude, thwart; obstruct, block, congest, be in the way. ●*n.* blockade, obstacle, congestion, obstruction, impediment, hindrance.

**impedida** *adj.* congested.

**impedinte** *adj.* impeding, hindering, inimical.

**impenia** *vt.* pawn, hock.

**impenieria** *n.* pawnshop.

**impenior** *n.* pawnbroker.

**imperal** *adj.* imperial.

**imperalisme** *n.* imperialism.

**imperaliste** *adj.* imperialist.

**impero** *n.* empire.

**imperor** *n.* emperor.

**imperoresa** *n.* empress.

**impetigo** *n.* impetigo (*medical*).

**implanta** *vt.* implant. ● *n.* implantation.

**implantada** *adj.* implanted. ● *n.* implant.

**implica** *vt.* imply, entail; implicate, incriminate. ● *n.* implication, incrimination. **par implica** by default.

**implicada** *adj.* implied, implicit, default, tacit. ● *n.* default value.

**implode** *vi.* & *vt.* implode. ● *n.* implosion.

**implodente** *adj.* implosive.

**importa** *vi.* be important, matter, have import, have significance. ● *n.* importance, significance; salience, prominence. **lo no importa** it’s not important, never mind, whatever.

**importante** *adj.* important, significant, momentous; salient, prominent, consequential. **suprema importante**paramount.

**imposta** *vt.* tax. ● *n.* tax, taxation. **imposta de ben** duty, goods tax. **imposta de corpora** corporate tax.**imposta de duana** imports tax, border tax, customs duty. **imposta de emporta** imports tax, border tax, customs duty. **imposta de erita** inheritance tax. **imposta de imobila** property tax. **imposta de revenu** income tax. **imposta de valua ajuntada** value-added tax, VAT. **imposta de vende** sales tax.**imposta interna** inland tax, excise. **imposta regresante** regressive tax. **imposta tro multe** overtax.**sin imposta** taxfree.

**impostable** *adj.* taxable.

**impostor** *n.* taxman, publican.

**impresa** *vt.* impress, imprint, emboss, stamp; make an impression, come across (*as*); instil, inculcate. ● *n.*impression, imprint. **impresa de dito** fingerprint. **impresa de diton** thumbprint. **impresa de pede**footprint. **impresa de ungula** hoofprint, hoofmark.

**impresable** *adj.* impressionable.

**impresablia** *n.* impressionability.

**impresador** *n.* stamp.

**impresante** *adj.* impressive, sonorous.

**impresisme** *n.* Impressionism (*art*).

**impresiste** *n.* Impressionist.

**improvisa** *vt.* improvise, extemporize; jam; cobble together. ● *n.* improvisation, extemporization.

**improvisada** *adj.* improvised, impromptu, extemporary, extemporaneous, freeform.

**impulsa** *vt.* impel. ● *n.* impulse, impulsion, impetus.

**imune** *adj.* immune, unsusceptible.

**imuni** *vi.* become immune, develop immunity. ● *vt.* immunize. ● *n.* immunization.

**imunia** *n.* immunity.

**imunial** *adj.* immune (*of the immune system*). **sistem imunial** immune system.

**imunodebil** *adj.* immunodeficient.

**imunodebilia** *n.* immunodeficiency, immune deficiency.

**imunoglobulina** *n.* immunoglobulin.

**imunojen** *adj.* immunogenic. ● *n.* immunogen.

**imunolojia** *n.* immunology.

**imunolojiste** *n.* immunologist.

**imunosupresante** *adj.* immunosuppressive. ● *n.* immunosuppressant.

**imunoterapia** *n.* immunotherapy.

**-in**¹ *adj.suff.* -ish, -like, -y (*similar to*); e.g. *amin*; *serpentin*.

**-in**² *n.suff.* -yne (*chemistry*).

**in-**³ *pref.* in- (*in*, *into*).

**in-**⁴ *pref.* in- (*not*).

**inata** *adj.* innate.

**inatisme** *n.* innatism.

**inatiste** *n.* innatist.

**inca**¹ *n.* ink.

**inca**² *adj.* Incan. ● *n.* Inca.

**incandese** *vi.* incandesce, glow, be white-hot. ● *vt.* make incandescent. ● *n.* incandescence.

**incandesente** *adj.* incandescent, white-hot.

**incarne** *vi.* incarnate. ● *n.* incarnation.

**inci** *vt.* ink (*apply ink to*).

**inclina** *vi.* & *vt.* incline, slope, tip; bow (*bend respectfully*). ● *n.* bow. **inclina sua testa** nod one’s head.

**inclinada** *adj.* inclined, sloped, sloping. ● *n.* incline, slope, bank.

**inclui** *vt.* include, subsume, encompass. ● *n.* inclusion. **inclui partal** overlap, partially include.

**incluinte** *adj.* including, inclusive. ● *prep.* including, inclusive of.

**inco** *n.* anvil; incus (*anatomy*).

**incore** *vt.* incur (*punishment*).

**incuba** *vt.* incubate, cause to hatch. ● *n.* incubation.

**incubador** *n.* incubator.

**incuberia** *n.* hatchery.

**incubo** *n.* incubus.

**incuisisio** *n.* inquisition.

**indente** *vt.* dent, nick, nock; indent. ● *n.* dent, nick, nock, notch; indent, indentation. **indente de jena** dimple.**indente de surie** dimple.

**India** *n.* India. **Indias Este** East Indies. **Indias Ueste** West Indies. See *Barat*.

**indian** *adj.* & *n.* Indian. **Indian** *n.* Indus (*constellation*). **Mar Indian** Indian Ocean. See *barati*.

**Indiana** *n.* Indiana (*US state*).

**indica** *vt.* indicate, point to, denote, read, register; bookmark, earmark. ● *n.* indication; clue, evidence; sign, trace; harbinger, portent, omen; reading. **indica de ora** timestamp. **indica e clica** point and click. **indica la ora de** timestamp. **indicas de vive** signs of life, life signs, indications of life. **mal indica** bad omen, evil omen.

**indicador** *n.* indicator, dial, readout; hand (*clock*, *compass*); marker; bookmark. **indicador de venta**weathervane, weathercock.

**indicante** *adj.* indicating, pointing, ostensive.

**indiceta** *vt.* hint. ● *n.* hint, clue, slight indication.

**indigo** *adj.* indigo.

**indio** *n.* indium (*element*).

**indise** *vt.* & *n.* index.

**individua** *adj.* individual, particular. ● *adv.* individually, one by one. ● *n.* individual.

**individualisme** *n.* individualism.

**individualiste** *adj.* & *n.* individualist.

**individuia** *n.* individuality.

**Indo, Rio** *n.* Indus River.

**indoarian** *adj.* Indo-Aryan, Indic.

**indoeuropean** *adj.* & *n.* Indo-European, Aryan.

**indoiranian** *adj.* & *n.* Indo-Iranian.

**Indonesia** *n.* Indonesia.

**indonesian** *adj.* & *n.* Indonesian.

**Indoxina** *n.* Indochina.

**indri** *n.* indri, woolly lemur (*Indriidae*).

**indu** *adj.* & *n.* Hindu.

**indui** *vt.* induce, induct, inaugurate, swear in. ● *n.* induction, inductance; inauguration. **indui magnetal**magnetic induction, magnetic flux density.

**induinte** *adj.* inductive, inaugural.

**induisme** *n.* Hinduism.

**induiste** *adj.* & *n.* Hindu.

**industani** *adj.* Hindustani.

**industri** *vt.* industrialize. ● *n.* industrialization.

**industria** *n.* industry.

**industrial** *adj.* industrial.

**industrialiste** *n.* industrialist.

**inere** *vi.* inhere (*be an essential or permanent feature*). **ave la inere de** inherently have, consist in.

**inerente** *adj.* inherent, immanent.

**inerte** *adj.* inert, inactive, quiescent.

**inertia** *n.* inertia, quiescence.

**inertial** *adj.* inertial.

**inerva** *vt.* innervate. ● *n.* innervation.

**infarta** *vi.* infarct (*die through lack of blood*). ● *n.* infarction. **infarta miocardial** myocardial infarction, heart attack.

**inferior** *adj.* inferior, second-rate, substandard, tacky. ● *n.* inferior, minion, stooge.

**inferiori** *vi.* & *vt.* subordinate. ● *n.* subordination.

**inferioria** *n.* inferiority.

**infesta** *vt.* infest; haunt. ● *n.* infestation; haunting.

**infestada** *adj.* infested, haunted.

**infeta** *vt.* infect. ● *n.* infection. **infeta ajuntada** secondary infection. **infeta de palpebra** stye.

**infetante** *adj.* infectious, contagious, virulent.

**infiltra** *vt.* infiltrate. ● *n.* infiltration.

**infinita** *adj.* infinite, boundless, unbounded. **infinita peti** infinitesimal.

**infinitia** *n.* infinity.

**infinitiva** *adj.* & *n.* infinitive.

**infisa** *vt.* infix; ingrain. ● *n.* infix.

**infisada** *adj.* infixed; ingrained.

**infla** *vi.* & *vt.* inflate, distend, swell, bloat, billow, puff up. ● *n.* inflation (*including economic*), swelling, bloat, distension.

**inflable** *adj.* & *n.* inflatable.

**inflada** *adj.* inflated, swollen, bloated, puffy, puffed-up, tumescent, turgid; pudgy; bouffant; exorbitant.

**inflama** *vi.* & *vt.* inflame. ● *n.* inflammation.

**inflamante** *adj.* inflammatory.

**infleta** *vt.* inflect. ● *n.* inflection.

**influable** *adj.* amenable, suggestible.

**influablia** *n.* suggestibility.

**influe** *vt.* influence, have influence over, affect, sway. ● *n.* influence.

**influente** *adj.* influential, seminal.

**infografia** *n.* computer graphics, CGI.

**informa** *vt.* inform, tell, apprise, acquaint. ● *n.* information, info, lowdown, tattle; intelligence (*gathered*), intel.**informa contra** inform on, rat on, sneak on, snitch on. **informa fondal** background information.**informa secreta** classified information.

**informada** *adj.* informed, apprised, privy.

**informatica** *n.* information science, computer science.

**informor** *n.* informer, informant, stool pigeon, stoolie.

**informosa** *adj.* informative.

**infotecnolojia** *n.* information technology, IT, ICT.

**infra-** *pref.* infra- (*below*).

**infraordina** *n.* infraorder.

**infraroja** *adj.* & *n.* infrared.

**infrastrutur** *n.* infrastructure.

**infusa** *vt.* infuse, brew (*tea*, *coffee*). ● *n.* infusion, brew.

**ingrediente** *n.* ingredient.

**inguin** *n.* groin, crotch, crutch.

**inguinal** *adj.* inguinal.

**ingux** *adj.* & *n.* Ingush (*person*, *language*).

**Inguxetia** *n.* Ingushetia.

**iniora** *vt.* ignore, flout, disregard, snub.

**iniorable** *adj.* negligible.

**iniorada** *adj.* ignored, unheeded, unregarded, disregarded.

**inioror** *n.* ignorer. **inioror de lege** lawbreaker, scofflaw.

**inisia** *vt.* initiate, start, ignite; take the initiative; boot (*software*), initialize. ● *n.* initiation, ignition; booting, bootstrapping. **inisia duple** dual-boot (*software*). **inisia multiple** multiboot (*software*). **inisia pronto**instant-on.

**inisiador** *n.* starter, ignition (*for engine*).

**inisial** *adj.* initial, leading, opening, preliminary, precursory; default, startup; inchoate. ● *adv.* initially; by default. ● *n.* initial (*letter*); default; preliminary, prelim. **inisiales ornal** monogram.

**inisior** *n.* initiator, starter (*person*).

**injenia** *vt.* engineer. ● *n.* ingenuity, engineering.

**injenior** *n.* engineer. **injenior de sona** sound engineer.

**injeniosa** *adj.* ingenious.

**injeta** *vt.* inject; mainline. ● *n.* injection.

**inonda** *vt.* inundate, flood, drown; overwhelm, overpower. ● *n.* inundation, flood. **inonda de informa**information overload. **inonda de mercato** dumping (*economic*). **mori par inonda** *v.* drown, be drowned. ● *n.* drowning.

**inondada** *adj.* inundated, flooded, awash. **inondada con lus** floodlit.

**inondante** *adj.* inundating, overwhelming.

**inosente** *adj.* innocent (*not intending harm*).

**inova** *vt.* innovate. ● *n.* innovation.

**inovor** *n.* innovator.

**inovosa** *adj.* innovative, promethean.

**insenso** *n.* incense.

**inserta** *vt.* & *n.* graft; insert, inset. **inserta de oso** bone graft. **inserta de pel** skin graft.

**insestal** *adj.* incestuous.

**insesto** *n.* incest.

**insetiside** *n.* insecticide.

**insetivor** *adj.* insectivorous. ● *n.* insectivore.

**inseto** *n.* insect (*Insecta*).

**insinia** *n.* insignia, badge. **insinia de libro** bookplate, exlibris.

**insinua** *vt.* insinuate, intimate. ● *n.* insinuation, intimation, innuendo.

**insiste** *vt.* insist. ● *n.* insistence.

**insistente** *adj.* insistent, pushy.

**insonia** *n.* insomnia.

**insonica** *adj.* & *n.* insomniac.

**inspira** *vt.* inspire, arouse (*interest*, *action*). ● *n.* inspiration.

**inspirante** *adj.* inspiring, inspirational.

**inspiror** *n.* luminary.

**instala** *vt.* install; ensconce. ● *n.* installation.

**instinto** *n.* instinct.

**instintosa** *adj.* instinctive, instinctual. **senti instintosa** gut feeling.

**institual** *adj.* institutional.

**institui** *vt.* institute, establish, set up. ● *n.* institution (*action*).

**instituida** *n.* institute, institution, establishment (*organization*).

**instrual** *adj.* instructional.

**instrui** *vt.* instruct, teach, brief, train (*including animals*); e.g. *instrui algun sur la regulas*. ● *n.* instruction, teaching, training, tuition, howto, brief, briefing. See *ensenia*.

**instruida** *adj.* instructed, trained.

**instruinte** *adj.* instructive, instructional, educational, didactic.

**instruor** *n.* instructor, trainer, coach, docent.

**insulin** *n.* insulin.

**insulta** *vt.* insult, vituperate. ● *n.* insult, invective, putdown.

**intalio** *n.* intaglio (*art technique*).

**intarsia** *vt.* inlay. ● *n.* intarsia, inlay, marquetry.

**intata** *adj.* intact.

**integra** *vi.* & *vt.* integrate. ● *n.* integration.

**integrada** *adj.* integrated, inbuilt, built-in.

**integral** *adj.* & *n.* integral.

**inteletal** *adj.* intellectual; noetic.

**inteletalisme** *n.* intellectualism.

**inteleto** *n.* intellect; noesis. **inteleto artifis** artificial intelligence.

**inteletosa** *n.* intellectual (*person*). **inteletosas** intellectuals, intelligentsia.

**intelijente** *adj.* intelligent, intellectual, smart, clever.

**intelijentia** *n.* intelligence, astuteness, intellect. **esamina de intelijentia** intelligence test, IQ test. **grado de intelijentia** intelligence quotient, IQ.

**intende** *vt.* intend, plan, mean (*to do*). ● *n.* intent, intention, purpose, aim, motive, plan. **con intende ce** so that, in order that (*indicating intended result*). **con intende de** for, with the intention of.

**intendeda** *adj.* intended, intentional, deliberate, premeditated, meant, wilful (US willful); earmarked.

**intendente** *adj.* intentional, deliberate, on purpose.

**intensa** *adj.* intense, intensive; formidable.

**intensi** *vi.* & *vt.* intensify. ● *n.* intensification.

**intensia** *n.* intensity.

**inter-** *pref.* inter- (*between*, *mutually*); e.g. *interata, internasional*.

**intera** *adj.* entire, whole, total. ● *adv.* entirely, wholly, totally, quite. ● *n.* whole, entirety, totality.

**interajenterial** *adj.* interagency.

**interata** *vi.* interact. ● *n.* interaction.

**interatante** *adj.* interactive.

**interatomal** *adj.* interatomic.

**intercambia** *vt.* exchange, interchange, swap, trade, transact, share. ● *n.* exchange, interchange, swap, trade, transaction; swinging (*sex*). **par intercambia** in return. **par intercambia per** in exchange for, in return for.

**intercambiable** *adj.* exchangeable, interchangeable, swappable, fungible.

**intercambieria** *n.* exchange (*place*).

**intercambior** *n.* exchanger, moneychanger; swinger.

**intercampal** *adj.* interdisciplinary.

**intercomunica** *vt.* intercommunicate.

**intercontinental** *adj.* intercontinental.

**intercredal** *adj.* interfaith, cross-faith.

**intercultural** *adj.* intercultural, cross-cultural, cross-culture.

**interdental** *adj.* & *n.* interdental (*consonant*).

**interdepartal** *adj.* interdepartmental, interoffice.

**interdepende** *vi.* interdepend.

**interdependente** *adj.* interdependent.

**interede** *n.* internet. **interede de banda larga** broadband internet.

**interelata** *vi.* & *vt.* interrelate. ● *n.* interrelation, interrelationship.

**interesa** *vt.* interest, be of interest to. ● *n.* interest (*including money*), attention; return (*on investment*), yield, payoff; sake. **interesa composada** compound interest. **per sua propre interesa** for its own interest, for its own sake.

**interesada** *adj.* interested.

**interesante** *adj.* interesting, fascinating.

**interfas** *n.* interface. **interfas de usor** user interface. **interfas grafica de usor** graphical user interface, GUI.

**interfase** *n.* interphase.

**interfere** *vi.* interfere, interlope, meddle, hinder, tamper, jigger. ● *n.* interference.

**interferente** *adj.* interfering, meddling, meddlesome.

**interferon** *n.* interferon (*protein*).

**interferor** *n.* meddler, busybody, interloper.

**intergalasial** *adj.* intergalactic.

**intergovernal** *adj.* intergovernmental.

**interjeta** *vt.* interject. ● *n.* interjection.

**interlia** *vt.* interconnect, interlink.

**interliada** *adj.* interconnected, interlinked.

**interlingua** *n.* international language; Interlingua.

**interlinguistica** *n.* interlinguistics.

**intermisca** *vi.* & *vt.* intermingle.

**interna** *adj.* inner, interior, internal; inland. ● *n.* inside, interior, hinterland. **a interna** inside, within. **a interna de** inside, within, in the interior of. **la plu interna** innermost.

**internasional** *adj.* international.

**internasionalisme** *n.* internationalism.

**internasionaliste** *adj.* internationalist.

**interni** *vi.* & *vt.* internalize, interiorize, take in.

**interniste** *n.* internist (*medical*).

**interoga** *vt.* interrogate, examine, question. ● *n.* interrogation, examination, questioning.

**interompe** *vt.* interrupt, heckle; suspend, cut off; supervene. ● *n.* interruption, suspension, breakpoint, cut-off.

**interpersonal** *adj.* interpersonal.

**interplanetal** *adj.* interplanetary.

**interpol** *n.* interpol.

**interpola** *vt.* interpolate. ● *n.* interpolation.

**interpone** *vt.* interpose.

**interpretable** *adj.* interpretable, open to interpretation, ambiguous, equivocal.

**interpretador** *n.* interpreter (*software*).

**interpretal** *adj.* interpretational, hermeneutic.

**interprete** *vt.* interpret, construe. ● *n.* interpretation, rendition.

**interpreteda** *adj.* interpreted, interpretive.

**interpretor** *n.* interpreter (*person*).

**intersepi** *vt.* intercept. ● *n.* interception.

**intersesal** *adj.* intersex, intersexual. ● *n.* intersex person.

**intersesalia** *n.* intersexuality.

**intersposi** *vi.* & *vt.* intermarry. ● *n.* intermarriage.

**interstatal** *adj.* interstate.

**interstelal** *adj.* interstellar.

**interstisial** *adj.* interstitial.

**interstisio** *n.* interstice.

**intertestal** *adj.* intertextual.

**intertestalia** *n.* intertextuality.

**interval** *n.* interval (*including musical*), interlude, intermission.

**interveni** *vi.* intervene, intercede. ● *n.* intervention, intercession.

**intervisa** *vt.* & *n.* interview; debrief. **intervisa pratical** audition.

**intervisor** *n.* interviewer.

**intestin** *n.* intestine, bowel. **intestin magra** small intestine. **intestin spesa** large intestine. **intestines**intestines, guts, viscera, entrails; offal, chitterlings.

**intestinal** *adj.* intestinal.

**intima** *adj.* intimate, close. ● *n.* insider.

**intimia** *n.* intimacy.

**intra-** *pref.* intra- (*inner*).

**intramural** *adj.* intramural.

**intrarede** *n.* intranet.

**intrauteral** *adj.* intrauterine.

**intravenal** *adj.* intravenous.

**intro-** *pref.* intro- (*inner*).

**introdui** *vt.* introduce (*substance*, *topic*, *law*), insert, institute; broach, bring up (*topic*). — When introducing one person to another, the usual verb is *presenta*. ● *n.* insertion, introduction; prelude, overture, prolegomenon. **introdui gradal** phase in.

**introduinte** *adj.* introductory.

**introjeta** *vt.* introject (*psychology*). ● *n.* introjection.

**introspeta** *vi.* introspect. ● *n.* introspection.

**introspetante** *adj.* introspective.

**introverti** *vi.* be introverted. ● *n.* introversion, reserve.

**introvertida** *adj.* introverted, introvert, reserved. ● *n.* introvert.

**intrui** *vi.* intrude, encroach, impinge. ● *vt.* intrude, impose. ● *n.* intrusion, encroachment.

**intruor** *n.* intruder.

**intruosa** *adj.* intrusive.

**intuable** *adj.* intuitable, intuitive (*design*).

**intuba** *vt.* intubate. ● *n.* intubation.

**intui** *vt.* intuit. ● *n.* intuition, insight. **contra intui** counterintuitive.

**intuosa** *adj.* intuitive, insightful (*person*).

**inuit** *adj.* & *n.* Inuit, Eskimo.

**invade** *vt.* invade, trespass, raid; overrun (*with*). ● *n.* invasion, incursion, raid, foray.

**invadente** *adj.* invading, invasive.

**invador** *n.* invader, trespasser, raider.

**inventa** *vt.* invent, devise, contrive, concoct, come up with. ● *n.* invention (*action*).

**inventada** *adj.* invented, devised, contrived, concocted. ● *n.* invention (*product*), brainchild.

**inventor** *n.* inventor.

**inventosa** *adj.* inventive, creative, original.

**inventosia** *n.* inventiveness, creativity, originality.

**invernal** *adj.* winter, hibernal.

**inverneria** *n.* greenhouse, glasshouse, hothouse.

**inverni** *vt.* hibernate, winter. ● *n.* hibernation.

**invernin** *adj.* wintry.

**inverno** *n.* winter.

**invernosa** *adj.* wintry.

**inversa** *vt.* invert, upend, turn upside-down, overturn; capsize. ● *n.* inverse; inversion.

**inversada** *adj.* inverted, upside-down, overturned; capsized.

**investi** *vt.* invest. ● *n.* investment.

**investiga** *vt.* investigate. ● *n.* investigation, inquiry, enquiry. **investiga judal** judicial inquiry, inquest.

**investigor** *n.* investigator; inspector (*police*).

**investor** *n.* investor, stakeholder. **investor otimiste** bull. **investor pesimiste** bear.

**invia** *vt.* & *n.* envy.

**inviable** *adj.* enviable.

**inviosa** *adj.* envious.

**invita** *vt.* invite; co-opt. ● *n.* invitation; overture (*to communication*, *negotiation*).

**invitada** *adj.* invited. ● *n.* guest.

**invitante** *adj.* inviting, appetizing.

**iodle** *vt.* yodel. ● *n.* yodelling (US yodeling).

**iodlor** *n.* yodeller (US yodeler).

**iodo** [ïodo] *n.* iodine.

**ioga** *n.* yoga.

**iogi** *n.* yogi (*yoga expert*).

**iogurte** *n.* yogurt, yoghurt.

**ioio** *n.* yo-yo.

**ioman** *n.* yeoman, beefeater.

**ion** [ïon] *n.* ion (*chemistry*).

**ional** [ïonal] *adj.* ionic.

**ioni**¹ *n.* yoni (*Hinduism*).

**ioni**² [ïoni] *vi.* & *vt.* ionize. ● *n.* ionization.

**Ionia** [ïonia] *n.* Ionia (*ancient region of Turkey*).

**ionian** [ïonian] *adj.* Ionic, Ionian.

**ionica** [ïonica] *adj.* Ionian (*of the Ionian Sea*). **Isolas Ionica** Ionian Islands. **Mar Ionica** Ionian Sea.

**ionosfera** [ïonosfera] *n.* ionosphere.

**iora** *n.* iora (*bird*: *Aegithina*).

**ioruba** *adj.* & *n.* Yoruba (*person*, *language*).

**iota** [ïota] *n.* iota (*Greek letter*).

**Iowa** [aíowa] *n.* Iowa (*US state*).

**iper-** *pref.* hyper-.

**iperasidia** *n.* hyperacidity. **iperasidia gastral** heartburn.

**iperativa** *adj.* hyperactive.

**iperativia** *n.* hyperactivity.

**iperbara** *adj.* hyperbaric.

**iperbola** *n.* hyperbola.

**ipercinesia** *n.* hyperkinesia.

**ipercubo** *n.* hypercube, tesseract.

**ipereflexia** *n.* hyperreflexia (*medical*).

**iperestende** *vt.* hyperextend. ● *n.* hyperextension.

**iperfajia** *n.* hyperphagia (*medical*).

**iperglisemia** *n.* hyperglycaemia (US hyperglycemia).

**iperglisemica** *adj.* hyperglycaemic (US hyperglycemic).

**iperico** *n.* hypericum, St John’s-wort (*plant*: *Hypericum*).

**iperidrose** *n.* hyperhidrosis (*medical*).

**iperinfla** *vi.* & *vt.* hyperinflate. ● *n.* hyperinflation.

**iperlia** *n.* hyperlink.

**iperlipidemia** *n.* hyperlipidaemia (US hyperlipidemia) (*medical*).

**iperope** *adj.* far-sighted, long-sighted.

**iperopia** *n.* far-sightedness, long-sightedness.

**iperostose** *n.* hyperostosis (*medical*).

**iperpirexia** *n.* hyperpyrexia (*medical*).

**iperplasia** *n.* hyperplasia (*medical*).

**ipersecrete** *vt.* hypersecrete (*medical*). ● *n.* hypersecretion.

**ipersensosa** *adj.* hypersensitive.

**iperstimula** *vt.* hyperstimulate, overstimulate. ● *n.* hyperstimulation, overstimulation.

**ipertensa** *n.* hypertension (*medical*).

**ipertensal** *adj.* & *n.* hypertensive.

**ipertermia** *n.* hyperthermia, heatstroke, sunstroke.

**ipertesto** *n.* hypertext.

**ipertiroidia** *n.* hyperthyroidism (*medical*).

**ipertonia** *n.* hypertonia (*medical*).

**ipertricose** *n.* hypertrichosis (*medical*).

**ipertrofia** *n.* hypertrophy (*medical*).

**iperurisemia** *n.* hyperuricaemia (US hyperuricemia) (*medical*).

**ipnagojia** *n.* hypnagogia.

**ipnagojial** *adj.* hypnagogic.

**ipno-** *pref.* hypno- (*sleep*).

**ipnosal** *adj.* hypnotic, mesmeric.

**ipnose** *vt.* hypnotize, mesmerize. ● *n.* hypnosis, hypnotism, mesmerism.

**ipnosiste** *n.* hypnotist, hypnotizer.

**ipnoterapia** *n.* hypnotherapy.

**ipnoterapiste** *n.* hypnotherapist.

**ipo-** *pref.* hypo-.

**ipocalemia** *n.* hypokalaemia (US hypokalemia) (*medical*).

**ipocampo** *n.* hippocampus.

**ipocastania** *n.* horse chestnut (*tree*, *nut*: *Aesculus hippocastanum*).

**ipocolio** *n.* hypocolius (*bird*: *Hypocolius ampelinus*).

**ipocondria** *n.* hypochondria, hypochondriasis.

**ipocondrica** *adj.* & *n.* hypochondriac.

**ipocrita** *adj.* hypocritical. ● *n.* hypocrite.

**ipocritia** *n.* hypocrisy; sellout.

**ipoderma** *n.* hypodermis, subcutis.

**ipodermal** *adj.* hypodermic, subcutaneous.

**ipofisal** *adj.* pituitary, hypophysial.

**ipofise** *n.* pituitary gland, hypophysis.

**ipoglisemia** *n.* hypoglycaemia (US hypoglycemia).

**ipoglisemica** *adj.* hypoglycaemic (US hypoglycemic).

**ipogloso** *n.* halibut (*Hippoglossus*).

**ipogonadia** *n.* hypogonadism (*medical*).

**ipomania** *n.* hypomania (*medical*).

**ipomea** *n.* morning glory (*plant*: *Ipomoea*).

**ipopotamo** *n.* hippopotamus, hippo (*Hippopotamus amphibius*).

**iposemia** *n.* hypoxaemia (US hypoxemia).

**iposia** *n.* hypoxia (*medical*).

**ipotalamo** *n.* hypothalamus.

**ipoteca** *vt.* mortgage, lien. **ipoteca suprima** subprime mortgage.

**ipotensa** *n.* hypotension (*medical*).

**ipotensal** *adj.* & *n.* hypotensive.

**ipotenusa** *n.* hypotenuse.

**ipotermia** *n.* hypothermia.

**ipotesal** *adj.* hypothetical.

**ipotese** *vt.* hypothesize. ● *n.* hypothesis.

**ipotiroidia** *n.* hypothyroidism (*medical*).

**Irac** *n.* Iraq.

**iraci** *adj.* & *n.* Iraqi.

**iraco** *n.* hyrax (*animal*: *Procaviidae*).

**Iran** *n.* Iran.

**irani** *adj.* & *n.* Iranian.

**irena** *n.* fairy-bluebird (*Irena*).

**iridio** *n.* iridium (*element*).

**iriga** *vt.* irrigate. ● *n.* irrigation.

**iris** *n.* iris (*eye*, *plant*: *Iris*).

**irita** *vt.* irritate, annoy, bother, hassle, pester, peeve, irk, rankle. ● *n.* irritation, annoyance, nuisance, indignation, pique. **irita par venta** windburn.

**iritable** *adj.* irritable, touchy, tetchy, peevish, prickly, crabby, edgy, snappy.

**iritablia** *n.* irritability.

**iritada** *adj.* irritated, annoyed, bothered, cross, huffy, indignant, aggrieved.

**iritante** *adj.* irritating, irritant, disagreeable, annoying, bothersome, irksome, obnoxious, pesky.

**irocuoi** *adj.* & *n.* Iroquois (*person*, *language*).

**ironia** *n.* irony.

**ironiosa** *adj.* ironic, wry.

**isberg** *n.* iceberg.

**iscio** *n.* ischium (*anatomy*).

**-iside** *v.suff.* -icide (*kill*).

**Isis** *n.* Isis (*Egyptian goddess*).

**islam** *n.* Islam. See *muslim*.

**islamisme** *n.* Islamism, Islamic fundamentalism, political Islam.

**islamiste** *adj.* & *n.* Islamist, Islamic fundamentalist.

**Island** *n.* Iceland.

**islansce** *adj.* & *n.* Icelandic, Icelander.

**-isme** *n.suff.* -ism; e.g. *femisme*; *otimisme*; *simbolisme*; *turisme*.

**iso-** *pref.* iso- (*equal*).

**isobar** *n.* isobar.

**isoglosa** *n.* isogloss.

**isola** *n.* island, isle.

**isolador** *n.* insulator (*device*).

**isolal** *adj.* insular.

**isoleta** *n.* islet, skerry, river island.

**isoli** *vi.* & *vt.* isolate, insulate, sequester, quarantine. ● *n.* isolation, insulation, quarantine, insularity. **isoli acustical** soundproof.

**isolida** *adj.* isolated, insulated; out of the way. **acustical isolida** soundproof, soundproofed. **isolida par neva**snowed in.

**isolinte** *adj.* isolating. ● *n.* isolator (*substance*).

**isolisme** *n.* isolationism.

**isoliste** *adj.* isolationist.

**isomeral** *adj.* isomeric.

**isomero** *n.* isomer (*chemistry*).

**isometral** *adj.* isometric.

**isomorfe** *adj.* isomorphic. ● *n.* isomorph.

**isosele** *adj.* isosceles.

**isostasia** *n.* isostasy (*geology*).

**isotopia** *n.* isotopy.

**isotopo** *adj.* isotopic. ● *n.* isotope.

**Ispaniola** *n.* Hispaniola (*island*).

**Israel** *n.* Israel.

**israeli** *adj.* & *n.* Israeli.

**istamina** *n.* histamine.

**-iste** *adj.suff.* -ist; e.g. *femiste*; *otimiste*; *jeolojiste*; *gitariste*; *jornaliste*; *turiste*.

**ister-** *pref.* hyster- (*womb*).

**isterectomia** *n.* hysterectomy (*surgery*).

**isteria** *n.* hysteria. **isteria coletiva** mass hysteria.

**isterica** *adj.* hysteric, hysterical.

**istmo** *n.* isthmus.

**istogram** *n.* histogram.

**istolojia** *n.* histology.

**istolojiste** *n.* histologist.

**istoria** *n.* history; track record. **istoria fondal** backstory.

**istorial** *adj.* historical.

**istoriografia** *n.* historiography.

**istoriografiste** *n.* historiographer.

**istoriste** *n.* historian.

**Italia** *n.* Italy.

**italian** *adj.* & *n.* Italian.

**italica** *adj.* italic (*typography*).

**italici** *vi.* & *vt.* italicize.

**-ite** *n.suff.* -itis (*inflammation*).

**itera** *vi.* & *vt.* iterate. ● *n.* iteration.

**iteral** *adj.* iterative.

**iterbio** *n.* ytterbium (*element*).

**itero** *n.* jaundice.

**-itica** *adj.suff.* -itic (*inflamed*).

**Itiopia** *n.* Ethiopia.

**itiopian** *adj.* & *n.* Ethiopian.

**-ito** *n.suff.* -ite.

**itrio** *n.* yttrium (*element*).

**iu** *interj.* ew, ugh, yuck, pooh (*disgust*).

**iuan**¹ [yuan] *n.* yuan (*currency*).

**iuan**² [yuan] *adj.* Yuan (*dynasty*).

**iuca** *n.* yucca (*plant*: *Yucca*).

**iudi** *adj.* Jewish. ● *n.* Jew. **cosas iudi** Judaica. **iudis** Jews, Jewry.

**iudia** *n.* Jewishness.

**iudisme** *n.* Judaism.

**iudiste** *adj.* Judaic, Jewish.

**iugo** *n.* yoke.

**Iugoslavia** *n.* Yugoslavia.

**iugoslavian** *adj.* Yugoslav.

**iupi** *n.* yuppie.

**iurt** *n.* yurt (*tent*).

**ivor**¹ *n.* ivory.

**-ivor**² *adj.suff.* -ivorous (*eating*).

**ivorian** *adj.* & *n.* Ivorian. See *Costa de Ivor*.

**ivri** *adj.* Hebrew. ● *n.* Hebrew, Israelite.

**ivrisme** *n.* Hebraism, Hebraica.

J

**j** [je] *letter* j.

**ja** *adv.* already. — In addition to its use as a simple equivalent of *already*, *ja* can indicate which of two actions is the earlier: *si tu reveni doman, me va fini ja la labora* (*I will have finished the work*). It is also used to clarify that a present situation extends into the past: *me es ja asi tra tre oras* (*I have been here for three hours*).

**jaca** *n.* coat, jacket (*suit*, *sports*), windbreaker, windcheater. **jaca de club** blazer. **jaca de scola** school jacket, blazer. **jaca de sera** tuxedo, dinner jacket.

**jacana** *n.* jacana (*bird*: *Jacanidae*).

**jacaranda** *n.* jacaranda (*tree*).

**jaceta** *n.* waistcoat, vest (*US*), jerkin. **jaceta de muni** ammunition vest, ammo vest. **jaceta inflable** life jacket, life preserver.

**jacon** *n.* overcoat, raincoat, greatcoat, topcoat. **jacon de cavalor** surcoat. **jacon de dufel** duffel coat, duffle coat. **jacon de foso** trenchcoat. **jacon de pluve** raincoat, macintosh, mac. **jacon robin** frock coat.

**jada** *adj.* jade (*colour*). ● *n.* jade (*gem*).

**jaguar** *n.* jaguar (*Panthera onca*).

**jaguarundi** *n.* jaguarundi (*wild cat*: *Puma yagouaroundi*).

**jai** *n.* jay (*bird*: *Corvidae*). **jai african** piapiac (*Ptilostomus afer*). **jai american** American jay (*Aphelocoma*,*Calocitta*, *Cyanocitta*, *Cyanocorax*, *Cyanolyca*, *Gymnorhinus*). **jai blu** bluejay (*Cyanocitta cristata*). **jai eurasian** Eurasian jay, ground jay (*Garrulus*, *Podocess*). **jai gris** grey (US gray) jay (*Perisoreus*).

**jaieta** *adj.* jet-black. ● *n.* jet (*stone*).

**jain** *adj.* & *n.* Jain.

**jainisme** *n.* Jainism, Jain Dharma (*religion*).

**jala** *adj.* & *n.* yellow. **jala de ovo** egg yolk. **Mar Jala** Yellow Sea. See *Huanghai*.

**jalapenio** *n.* jalapeño (*pepper*: *Capsicum annuum*).

**jalea** *n.* jam (*UK*), jelly (*US*) (*fruit preserve*).

**jali** *vi.* & *vt.* yellow, turn yellow.

**jalin** *adj.* yellowish, yellowy, sallow.

**Jamaica** *n.* Jamaica.

**jamaican** *adj.* & *n.* Jamaican.

**James, Baia** [djeimz] *n.* James Bay.

**jamon** *n.* ham (*meat*).

**janero** *n.* January.

**Japan** *n.* Japan. **Mar Japan** Sea of Japan. See *Nion*.

**japanes** *adj.* & *n.* Japanese.

**jar** *n.* jar (*container*).

**jardin** *n.* garden, lawn, yard. **jardin de enfantes** kindergarten, nursery. **jardin de inverno** winter garden; sunroom.

**jardinor** *n.* gardener, landscaper; bowerbird (*Ptilonorhynchidae*).

**jari** *vt.* jar, can (*preserve in a jar*).

**jasinto** *n.* hyacinth (*Hyacinthus*). **jasinto de bosce** wild hyacinth, common bluebell, English bluebell, bell bottle (*plant*: *Hyacinthoides*).

**jasmin** *n.* jasmine (*Jasminum*).

**jat** *adj.* & *n.* Jat, Jaat (*person*).

**jaz** *adj.* & *n.* jazz. **jaz tradisional** traditional jazz, dixieland.

**Jazair** *n.* Algeria; Algiers.

**jazairi** *adj.* & *n.* Algerian.

**jejuno** *n.* jejunum (*anatomy*).

**jel** *n.* gel, jell.

**jela** *vi.*, *vt.* & *n.* freeze.

**jelada** *adj.* frozen. ● *n.* frost, hoarfrost.

**jelador** *n.* freezer, icebox.

**jelatin** *adj.* gelatinous. ● *n.* gel, gelatin, jelly. **jelatin de alcol** jellied alcohol, Sterno.

**jelatini** *vi.* & *vt.* gelatinize.

**jelato** *n.* gelato (*ice cream*).

**jeleria** *n.* icehouse (*storing ice*).

**jeli** *vi.* & *vt.* gel, jell.

**jelin** *adj.* icy, icelike, ice-cold. **jelin fria** ice-cold.

**jelo** *n.* ice. **jelo flotante** floe.

**jelosa**¹ *adj.* jealous.

**jelosa**² *adj.* icy, frosty.

**jelosia** *n.* jealousy, envy.

**jem** *n.* gem, jewel.

**jemeli** *vi.* & *vt.* geminate. ● *n.* gemination.

**jemelin** *adj.* lookalike. ● *n.* lookalike, double, ringer.

**jemelo** *adj.* & *n.* twin. **jemelo identica** identical twin. **jemelo nonidentica** fraternal twin. **jemelos** twins.**Jemelos** Gemini (*constellation*).

**jemi** *vt.* & *n.* groan, moan.

**jen**¹ *n.* gene.

**-jen**² *adj.suff.* -genic (*producing*). ● *n.suff.* -gen.

**jena** *n.* cheek.

**jenealojia** *n.* genealogy.

**jenealojial** *adj.* genealogical.

**jenealojiste** *n.* genealogist.

**jenera** *vt.* generate. ● *n.* generation.

**jenerador** *n.* generator.

**jeneral**¹ *adj.* general, generic. ● *adv.* generally, in general, as a rule, on the whole, widely, overall, mostly, for the most part. ● *n.* general (*officer*).

**jeneral**² *adj.* generic (*of a genus*).

**jenerali** *vi.* & *vt.* generalize. ● *n.* generalization.

**jenero** *n.* genus, kind, type, genre; gender (*male or female*, *grammatical*). **de jenero fluente** gender-fluid.

**jenerosa** *adj.* generous, charitable, magnanimous, big-hearted, bountiful, munificent, liberal.

**jenerosia** *n.* generosity, largesse (US largess), magnanimity, munificence.

**jenese** *n.* genesis. ● *n.suff.* -genesis (*origin*).

**jenetica** *n.* genetics.

**jenetical** *adj.* genetic, inborn. **jenetical alterada** genetically modified, GM.

**jeneticiste** *n.* geneticist.

**jenio** *n.* genius, mastermind.

**jeniseri** *n.* janissary (*soldier*).

**jenita** *vt.* beget.

**jenital** *adj.* genital. **jenitales** genitals, genitalia, pudenda.

**jenitiva** *adj.* & *n.* genitive (*grammar*).

**jenitor** *n.* parent. **jenitor de batiza** godparent. **jenitor futur** parent-to-be.

**jenitoria** *n.* parenthood.

**jenitoriside** *vt.* commit parenticide, commit parricide. ● *n.* parenticide, parricide (*action*).

**jenitorisidor** *n.* parenticide, parricide (*person*).

**jenjiva** *n.* gum, gums (*anatomy*).

**jenjival** *adj.* gingival.

**jenjivite** *n.* gingivitis.

**jeno** *n.* knee. **con jenos valga** knock-kneed. **con jenos vara** bowlegged. **jenos** knees, lap.

**jenom** *n.* genome.

**jenoside** *n.* genocide.

**jenotipo** *n.* genotype.

**jentil** *adj.* gentle, kind, genteel, graceful (*socially*).

**jentilia** *n.* gentleness, kindness, grace (*social*).

**jeo-** *pref.* geo- (*Earth*).

**jeocimica** *n.* geochemistry.

**jeocucu** *n.* roadrunner (*bird*: *Geococcyx*).

**jeodesia** *n.* geodesy.

**jeodesial** *adj.* geodesic, geodetic.

**jeodo** *n.* geode (*geology*).

**jeofisica** *n.* geophysics.

**jeofisical** *adj.* geophysical.

**jeografia** *n.* geography.

**jeografial** *adj.* geographical.

**jeografiste** *n.* geographer.

**jeolocali** *vt.* geolocate. ● *n.* geolocation.

**jeolojia** *n.* geology.

**jeolojial** *adj.* geological.

**jeolojiste** *n.* geologist.

**jeomansia** *n.* geomancy (*divination*).

**jeometre** *vt.* survey (*land*).

**jeometria** *n.* geometry. **jeometria euclidal** Euclidean geometry. **jeometria noneuclidal** non-Euclidean geometry.

**jeometrial** *adj.* geometrical.

**jeometrido** *n.* geometrid moth.

**jeometriste** *n.* geometrician.

**jeometror** *n.* surveyor (*land*).

**jeomorfolojia** *n.* geomorphology.

**jeopolitica** *n.* geopolitics.

**jeopolitical** *adj.* geopolitic, geopolitical.

**jeosentral** *adj.* geocentric.

**jeosincrona** *adj.* geosynchronous.

**jeostable** *adj.* geostationary.

**jeotermal** *adj.* geothermal.

**jeranio** *n.* geranium (*Geranium*).

**jerbil** *n.* gerbil.

**jerboa** *n.* jerboa (*rodent*: *Dipodidae*).

**jergo** *n.* slang, jargon, argot, cant, parlance.

**jergosa** *adj.* slangy, jargon-filled.

**jerme** *vi.* sprout, germinate. ● *n.* sprout (*young shoot*); germ (*cereal*); stub (*entry*). **jerme de radis** sucker, shoot (*from the roots*).

**jerontolojia** *n.* gerontology.

**jerontolojiste** *n.* gerontologist.

**Jersey Nova** [djerzi] *n.* New Jersey (*US state*).

**Jersi** *n.* Jersey.

**jersies** *adj.* Jèrriais (*language*). ● *n.* Jèrriais; Jerseyman (*person*).

**jerundio** *n.* gerund.

**jesi** *vt.* plaster.

**jeso** *n.* plaster (*material*), gesso; gypsum. **molda de jeso** plaster cast.

**jesta** *vi.* gestate. ● *n.* gestation.

**jesti** *vt.* gesture, gesticulate; beckon. ● *n.* gesture.

**jesuita** *adj.* & *n.* Jesuit.

**Jesus** *n.* Jesus.

**jeta** *vi.* & *vt.* jet, squirt, spurt, spout, gush, spray. ● *n.* jet, squirt, spurt, spout, gush, spray, outpouring.

**jeto** *n.* jet, jet plane. **motor de jeto** jet engine.

**jiba** *n.* hump, hunch (*back*). **jiba lentinte** speed hump, speed bump.

**jibosa** *adj.* humped, hunched; gibbous (*moon*).

**Jibraltar** *n.* Gibraltar. **Streta Jibraltar** Strait of Gibraltar.

**jibraltarian** *adj.* & *n.* Gibraltarian.

**jiga** *n.* jig, gigue (*dance*, *music*).

**jigante** *adj.* giant, gigantic, gargantuan, humongous, jumbo, whopping. ● *n.* giant; whopper. **jigante de gas** gas giant (*planet*).

**jigantia** *n.* giantism, gigantism.

**jigolo** *n.* gigolo.

**jigor** *n.* jigger (*dancer*).

**jin** *n.* gin.

**jina** *n.* jeans. **jina corta** jean shorts, denim shorts, jorts.

**jinarca** *n.* gynarch (*governor*).

**jinarcia** *n.* gynarchy.

**jinasio** *n.* gymnasium, gym.

**jinasta** *n.* gymnast, acrobat.

**jinastia** *n.* gymnastics, acrobatics. **jinastia de aira** aerobatics.

**jinastial** *adj.* gymnastic, acrobatic (*of acrobatics*).

**jinastin** *adj.* gymnastic, acrobatic (*like an acrobat*).

**jineco-** *pref.* gynaeco- (US gyneco-) (*female*).

**jinecolojia** *n.* gynaecology (US gynecology).

**jinecolojial** *adj.* gynaecological (US gynecological).

**jinecolojiste** *n.* gynaecologist (US gynecologist).

**jinefilia** *n.* gynephilia.

**jinefilica** *adj.* gynephilic. ● *n.* gynephile.

**jinefobia** *n.* gynephobia.

**jinefobica** *adj.* gynephobic. ● *n.* gynephobe.

**jineseo** *n.* gynoecium (*botany*).

**jinesta** *n.* broom (*plant*: *Chamaecytisus*, *Cytisus*, *Genista*, etc.).

**jinjer** *n.* ginger (*plant*, *spice*: *Zingiber*).

**jino-** *pref.* gyno- (*female*).

**jinsen** *n.* ginseng (*plant*, *root*: *Panax*).

**jip** *n.* jeep.

**jira** *vi.* turn (*in repeated circles*), rotate, revolve, spin, whirl, twirl, swirl, gyrate, gyre, stir, pivot, swivel, swill; e.g. *rotas jira*; *la Tera jira dial*. ● *vt.* rotate, spin, stir; (*colloquial*) joyride, take (*a stolen car*) for a spin. ● *n.*spin, gyration. **jira minima** idle (*engine*). See *turna*.

**jirabroca** *n.* brace (*of brace and bit*).

**jirafa** *n.* giraffe (*Giraffa camelopardalis*). **Jirafa** *n.* Camelopardalis (*constellation*).

**jirante** *adj.* rotating, rotary. ● *n.* whirligig.

**jireta** *n.* spinning top. **jireta ivri** dreidel.

**jiro** *n.* gyrus (*anatomy*).

**jiroscopio** *n.* gyroscope.

**joala** *n.* piece of jewellery (US jewelry), jewel. **joala majiosa** amulet, talisman. **joala perforante** piercing.**joalas** jewellery (US jewelry). See *jem*.

**joaleria** *n.* jewellery (US jewelry) store, jeweller’s (US jeweler’s) shop.

**joalor** *n.* jeweller (US jeweler).

**joce** *n.* jockey.

**jogla** *vt.* juggle.

**joglor** *n.* juggler.

**joia** *vt.* enjoy, rejoice, be joyous, have fun. ● *n.* joy, fun, enjoyment, frivolity, gaiety. ● *interj.* cheers, enjoy. **sin joia** joyless.

**joiosa** *adj.* joyous, joyful, merry, fun, exuberant, ebullient, exultant, gleeful, mirthful.

**joistic** *n.* joystick.

**joncila** *n.* jonquil (*plant*: *Narcissus jonquilla*).

**Jonguo** *n.* China. **jonguo** *adj.* & *n.* Chinese. See *Xina*.

**Jorjia** *n.* Georgia (*Caucasus*). See *Sacartvelo*.

**jorjian** *adj.* & *n.* Georgian (*person*, *language*).

**jornal** *n.* journal, magazine, gazette. **jornal de ativia** log (*software*). **jornal de contas** daybook, journal (*accounting*). **jornal de prosegues** proceedings (*society*). **jornal de scandal** tabloid newspaper. **jornal de viaja** log, logbook. **jornal dial** newspaper. **jornal personal** diary.

**jornaleria** *n.* newsstand, newsagent (*shop*).

**jornalisme** *n.* journalism. **jornalisme fotografial** photojournalism.

**jornaliste** *adj.* journalistic. ● *n.* journalist, correspondent, newspaperman, newspaperwoman. **jornalistes**journalists, media, press.

**jovedi** *n.* Thursday.

**joven** *adj.* young, youthful; boyish, girlish. ● *n.* youth, young person, youngster, juvenile; guy, gal; cub (*animal*).**la plu joven** youngest. **plu joven** younger.

**jovenal** *adj.* juvenile, young people’s.

**jovenia** *n.* youth, youthfulness, girlhood, boyhood.

**jovenin** *adj.* youthlike, juvenile (*behaviour*); youthful (*appearance*).

**jua** *vi.* play, gambol, frolic; fool, trifle, dabble. ● *vt.* play (*game*, *sport*, *music*, *instrument*). ● *n.* game, recreation.**jua de acaso** game of chance. **jua de anelo** quoits, hoopla, ringtoss. **jua de aposta** betting game, gambling game. **jua de asconde** hide and seek. **jua de cartas** card game. **jua de cucu** peek-a-boo. **jua de fortuna** game of chance, gambling. **jua de ieroglifos** rebus. **jua de mima** charades. **jua de parolas**word game. **jua de pulgas** tiddlywinks. **jua de roles** roleplay. **jua de sieca** blind man’s bluff, blind man’s buff. **jua de table** table game, board game. **jua enerjiosa** romp. **jua piano** play piano. **jua solitar** one-player game, solitaire. **jua un rol** play a role, roleplay. **jua video** video game. **jua xace** play chess.

**jubila** *vi.* retire (*from work*). ● *vt.* retire, superannuate. ● *n.* retirement.

**jubilada** *adj.* retired, emeritus, emerita.

**jubilor** *n.* pensioner, retired person, retiree.

**judal** *adj.* judicial.

**juderia** *n.* judiciary.

**judi** *vt.* judge, estimate; adjudicate. ● *n.* judgement, judging, estimation, ruling. **judi de tempo** timing.

**judo** *n.* judo.

**judor** *n.* judge, adjudicator, justice (*person*). **judor local** local judge, magistrate. **judor sivil** magistrate (*civil law*). **judores** judges, tribunal.

**jueria** *n.* playground, play area.

**jueta** *n.* toy, plaything. **jueta con** fiddle with, fidget with, toy with, twiddle.

**juetor** *n.* toymaker.

**jugulal** *adj.* jugular.

**jujutsu** *n.* jujutsu, jiu-jitsu (*martial art*).

**jul** *n.* joule (*unit of energy*).

**julepo** *n.* julep (*drink*).

**juliana** *n.* julienne (*food*).

**julio** *n.* July.

**jumper** *n.* pinafore dress, jumper dress, gymslip.

**juna** *vi.* fast. ● *n.* fasting, abstinence from food. **juna political** hunger strike.

**junca** *n.* junk (*boat*).

**junco**¹ *n.* rush (*plant*: *Juncus*).

**junco**² *n.* junco (*bird*: *Junco*).

**jungla** *n.* jungle.

**junio** *n.* June.

**juniper** *n.* juniper (*plant*: *Juniperus*).

**junta** *vi.* join, become joined, connect, hook up (*with*). ● *vt.* join together, put together, clasp, conjoin, connect, splice. ● *n.* joint, junction, juncture, articulation, connection; conjunction (*grammar*); junta (*government*). **a junta** (*coming*) together. **en junta** together, altogether. **junta angulo** angled joint, mitre (US miter) joint, mitre (US miter). **junta se a** join, subscribe to, participate in (*a group*). **junta selinte** gasket. **junta T** T-junction.

**juntada** *adj.* joined; adjacent (*to each other*), adjoining, abutting. ● *adv.* together.

**juntador** *n.* coupler.

**juntante** *adj.* joining, connecting, connective.

**juor** *n.* gambler, gamer, player.

**juosa** *adj.* playful, frisky.

**Jupiter** *n.* Jupiter (*mythology*, *planet*); Jove.

**jura** *vt.* swear, vow, take oath. ● *n.* oath, vow.

**jurasica** *adj.* & *n.* Jurassic (*geology*).

**juria** *n.* jury, panel. **juria grande** grand jury.

**jurior** *n.* juror.

**jus** *n.* juice. **jus de orania** orange juice. **jus de poma** apple juice, cider (*non-alcoholic*).

**jusador** *n.* juicer, reamer, orange squeezer, lemon squeezer.

**jusciam** *n.* henbane (*plant*: *Hyoscyamus*).

**jusosa** *adj.* juicy, succulent.

**justa** *adj.* just, fair, equitable, reasonable, judicious, even-handed. ● *adv.* justly, fairly.

**justable** *adj.* justifiable.

**justi** *vi.* become fair. ● *vi.* justify, make fair, account for, vindicate. **justi de gera** casus belli.

**justia** *n.* justice, fairness, equity. **justia estralegal** vigilantism.

**juta** *n.* jute (*plant*, *fibre*: *Corchorus*); hessian, burlap, sackcloth, haircloth.

K

**k** [ka] *letter* k.

**Kalahari, Deserto** *n.* Kalahari Desert.

**Kansas** *n.* Kansas (*US state*).

**Karakum, Deserto** *n.* Karakum Desert, Gara-Gum Desert.

**Karimata, Streta** *n.* Karimata Strait.

**Kattegat** *n.* Kattegat.

**Kentucky** [centaci] *n.* Kentucky (*US state*).

**Kerguelen, Isolas** *n.pl.* Kerguelen Islands.

**Kilimanjaro, Monte** *n.* Mount Kilimanjaro.

**Kivu, Lago** *n.* Lake Kivu.

**Kizilkum, Deserto** *n.* Kyzylkum, Qyzylqum.

**Kobenhavn** *n.* Copenhagen.

**Kongzi** [kongtsi] *n.* Confucius (*philosopher*). See *confuzisme*.

**Kyushu** *n.* Kyushu.

L

**l** [el] *letter* l. **con forma de L** L-shaped.

**la**¹ *det.* the.

**la**² *n.* la (*musical note*).

**labia** *n.* labium (pl. labia). **labias major** labia majora. **labias minor** labia minora.

**labial** *adj.* labial.

**labiali** *vi.* & *vt.* labialize.

**labio** *n.* lip. **con labios selida** with sealed lips, tight-lipped. **labio fendeda** harelip, cleft lip.

**labiodental** *adj.* & *n.* labiodental (*consonant*).

**labirintin** *adj.* labyrinthine.

**labirinto** *n.* maze, labyrinth.

**labora** *vi.* work, toil. ● *vt.* work, put (*someone*) to work. ● *n.* work, labour (US labor), toil, effort. **labora de jardin** gardening. **labora de via** roadworks. **labora en curso** work in progress. **labora fundal**groundwork. **labora nonusosa** makework. **labora par mano** manual labour, manual work, handwork.**labora sin sesa** *v.* work incessantly, toil. ● *n.* toil, drudgery, slog. **labora tro multe** work too much, overwork, overexert oneself, overdo it. **oras de labora** working hours. **sin labora** effortless.

**laboramania** *n.* workaholism.

**laboramanica** *adj.* workaholic.

**laboreria** *n.* workplace, laboratory, workshop, facility; workhouse. **laboreria siensal** laboratory, lab.**laboreria sindicatida** closed shop.

**laboror** *n.* worker, workman, workingman, labourer (US laborer), peasant, journeyman. **laboror migrante**migrant worker, seasonal worker. **laboror noninstruida** unskilled worker, roustabout. **laboror nonsesante** drudge. **laboror par mano** manual labourer (US laborer), blue-collar worker.

**laborosa** *adj.* laborious, laboured (US labored).

**Labrador** *n.* Labrador. **Mar Labrador** Labrador Sea.

**laca** *n.* lacquer. **laca de capeles** hairspray. **laca de goma** shellac.

**lace** *n.* footman, lackey, flunkey, stooge.

**lacrimal** *adj.* lacrimal, lachrymal. **oso lacrimal** lacrimal bone, lachrymal bone.

**lacrimojen** *adj.* lachrymogenic, lachrymatory. **gas lacrimojen** tear gas.

**lacros** *n.* lacrosse (*sport*).

**ladal** *adj.* lateral, side; sideways. ● *n.* lateral (*consonant*). **ladal fasante** sideways, sideways on.

**ladin** *adj.* & *n.* Ladin (*language*).

**lado** *n.* side, flank. **a la otra lado** on the other hand. **a lado** at the side, to the side; to one side, aside, sideways.**a lado de** beside, next to, alongside, by. **a lado de lunlotra** next to each other, side by side. **a lado de via** roadside, by the roadside. **a un lado** on the one hand. **con lado a lado** side by side, abreast; neck and neck. **lado de monte** mountainside. **lado de via** roadside, wayside, hard shoulder.

**lageta** *n.* pond, tarn, small lake.

**lago** *n.* lake. **lago de reserva** reservoir.

**lagon** *n.* lagoon.

**Lakshadib, Mar** *n.* Lakshadweeb Sea, Laccadive Sea.

**lama**¹ *n.* blade, razor blade, razor. **lama de arado** ploughshare (US plowshare).

**lama**² *n.* lama (*Buddhism*).

**lambada** *n.* lambada (*dance*).

**lamda** *n.* lambda (*Greek letter*).

**lame** *n.* lamé (*fabric*).

**lamenta** *vt.* lament, mourn, grieve. ● *n.* lamentation, mourning, grief; elegy, dirge, jeremiad.

**lamentada** *adj.* lamented, mourned, late.

**lamentin** *adj.* mournful, plaintive, plangent.

**lamentor** *n.* mourner.

**lamentosa** *adj.* mournful.

**lamina** *n.* lamina, laminate, plate; louvre (US louver), slat; lamella, gill (*mushroom*).

**lamini** *vt.* laminate. ● *n.* lamination.

**lampa** *n.* lamp, light, lantern. **lampa alojen** halogen lamp. **lampa de calce** limelight (*literal*). **lampa de gas**gaslight. **lampa de note** nightlight. **lampa de olio** oil lamp. **lampa de pox** torch (*electric*), flashlight.**lampa de punto** spotlight. **lampa inondante** floodlight. **lampa retro** taillight. **lampa solin** sunlamp.**lampa ultravioleta** ultraviolet lamp, sunlamp.

**lampeta** *n.* firefly, glow-worm, lightning bug (*Lampyridaeo*).

**lampi** *vi.* & *vt.* flash.

**lampin** *adj.* like lightning, breakneck.

**lampo** *n.* lightning, thunderbolt.

**lamposa** *adj.* full of lightning.

**lamprea** *n.* lamprey (*animal*: *Petromyzonidae*).

**lana** *n.* wool, fleece. **de lana** wool, woollen, woolly. **lana petenida** worsted (*yarn*, *fabric*).

**landsat** *n.* landsat (*satellite network*).

**langobarda** *adj.* Langobardic, Lombardic (*person*, *language*). ● *n.* Langobard, Lombard.

**langosta** *n.* spiny lobster, rock lobster, crawfish (*Palinuridae*).

**langur** *n.* langur, leaf monkey (*Colobinae*).

**lanio** *n.* shrike (*bird*: *Laniidae*).

**lanolin** *n.* lanolin (*substance*).

**lanosa** *adj.* wool-covered, woolly.

**lansa** *vt.* throw, toss, fling, sling, hurl, chuck, launch, cast, bowl, blast off; project (*image*, *voice*). ● *n.* throw, throwing, toss, launch, cast, blast-off, lift-off; projection. **lansa a mercato** launch onto the market, release, ship. **lansa alta** lob. **lansa con dito** *v.* & *n.* flick. **lansa de borda** throw-in (*football*). **lansa de fenetra***v.* defenestrate, throw from a window. ● *n.* defenestration. **lansa un colpa a** swing at.

**lansada** *adj.* thrown, launched. **lansada par roceto** rocket-propelled.

**lansadardo** *n.* spear thrower, atlatl, woomera.

**lansador** *n.* launcher.

**lansaflama** *n.* flamethrower.

**lansamisil** *n.* missile launcher.

**lansapetra** *n.* catapult.

**lansapetri** *vt.* catapult.

**lansaroceto** *n.* rocket launcher.

**lanseria** *n.* launchpad.

**lansi** *vt.* spear, lance, skewer, impale, gore.

**lansia** *n.* spear, lance, javelin.

**lansieta** *n.* skewer.

**lansor** *n.* thrower, bowler, hurler, pitcher.

**lantanido** *n.* lanthanide (*chemistry*).

**lantano** *n.* lanthanum (*element*).

**Laozi** [lautsi] *n.* Laozi, Lao-Tze (*philosopher*).

**lapa** *n.* limpet (*Patellidae*).

**laparoscopi** *n.* laparoscopy.

**laparoscopial** *adj.* laparoscopic.

**laparoscopio** *n.* laparoscope (*medical*).

**laparotomio** *n.* laparotomy (*medical*).

**lapidario** *adj.* lapidary. ● *n.* lapidary (*gem worker*).

**lapis** *n.* pencil. **lapis colorida** coloured (US colored) pencil, colouring (US coloring) pencil.

**Laptev, Mar** *n.* Laptev Sea.

**lardo** *n.* bacon.

**larga** *adj.* wide, broad.

**largi** *vi.* widen, broaden. ● *vt.* widen, broaden, ream.

**largia** *n.* width. **largia de banda** bandwidth.

**larinjal** *adj.* & *n.* laryngeal, guttural.

**larinje** *n.* larynx.

**larinjite** *n.* laryngitis.

**larix** *n.* larch (*tree*: *Larix*).

**larma** *vt.* weep, shed tears, tear. ● *n.* tear, teardrop.

**larmosa** *adj.* tearful, teary, weepy, maudlin.

**larva** *n.* larva, grub (*insect*). **larva de mosca** maggot. **larva xilofaje** woodworm.

**larval** *adj.* larval.

**lasa** *vt.* leave (*in a specified state*); allow, let (*happen*). **lasa ce on entra** admit, allow entry. **lasa ce un cosa cade** let something fall, drop something (*deliberately*); omit something.

**lasanie** *n.* lasagne.

**laser** *n.* laser.

**lasera** *vt.* tear, rend, rip, lacerate, maul. ● *n.* tear, laceration.

**laserada** *adj.* torn, ripped, ragged, tattered.

**laseri** *vt.* laser.

**lasi** *vt.* lasso.

**lasiva** *adj.* lascivious, lecherous, lewd, lustful, licentious, lubricious, salacious, prurient, dissolute; obscene, crude, coarse, dirty, filthy, mucky, naughty, smutty, raunchy.

**lasiveria** *n.* red-light district, fleshpot.

**lasivia** *n.* lewdness, lechery.

**laso** *n.* lasso, noose, lariat.

**lata** *n.* tinplate, sheet steel.

**latce** *n.* latke (*pancake*).

**latex** *n.* latex.

**latica** *adj.* lactic.

**latina** *adj.* & *n.* Latin; Latin American, Hispanic, Latina, Latino. **latina poplal** Vulgar Latin.

**latitude** *n.* latitude. **latitude de sielo** declination.

**latolosa** *n.* lactulose (*sugar*).

**laton** *n.* brass.

**lator** *n.* tinsmith.

**latosa** *n.* lactose (*sugar*).

**latrina** *n.* latrine, outhouse, privy.

**Latvia** *n.* Latvia.

**latvisce** *adj.* & *n.* Latvian, Lettish.

**Lau** *n.* Laos. **lau** *adj.* & *n.* Lao, Laotian (*person*, *language*).

**laudano** *n.* laudanum (*painkiller*).

**laurensio** *n.* lawrencium (*element*).

**lauri** *vt.* laureate (*crown with laurel*).

**laurida** *adj.* & *n.* laureate.

**lauro** *n.* laurel (*Lauraceae*). **folia de lauro** bay leaf. **lauro nobil** bay laurel (*Laurus nobilis*).

**lava**¹ *vt.* wash, launder. ● *n.* washing (*action*), ablution. **lava de serebro** brainwashing. **lava interna** lavage, washing out. **lava la serebro** brainwash.

**lava**² *n.* lava (*geology*).

**lavabo** *n.* sink, washbasin, washstand, washbasin, washbowl.

**lavador** *n.* washing machine (*clothes*, *dishes*). **lavador de autos** carwash (*machine*).

**lavanda** *adj.* & *n.* lavender.

**lavaoio** *n.* eyewash.

**lavaplato** *n.* dishwasher.

**lavaveste** *n.* washing machine; washerman, washerwoman.

**laveria** *n.* laundry, laundromat. **laveria de autos** carwash (*place*).

**lavor** *n.* washer, launderer, washwoman, washerwoman.

**laxe** *adj.* loose, slack, baggy, lax, sloppy.

**laxi** *vi.* & *vt.* loosen.

**laxia** *n.* looseness, slackness, bagginess.

**laxinte** *n.* laxative.

**le** *n.* lei (*garland*).

**leca** *vt.* lick, lap. ● *n.* lick.

**lecabota** *n.* (*colloquial*) bootlicker (*sycophant*).

**lecaculo** *n.* (*colloquial*) arselicker (US asskisser), kiss-ass (*sycophant*).

**lederhose** *n.* lederhosen.

**lega**¹ *vt.* bequeath. ● *n.* legacy, bequest.

**lega**² *n.* league (*unit of length*).

**legal** *adj.* legal, valid, lawful, legitimate; forensic.

**legali** *vi.* & *vt.* legalize, legitimize. ● *n.* legalization, legitimization.

**legalia** *n.* legality, legitimacy.

**legalisme** *n.* legalism.

**legaliste** *adj.* legalistic. ● *n.* legalist.

**lege** *n.* law, statute. **par lege** by law; de jure, by right. **sin lege** lawless.

**legeria** *n.* legislature, legislative branch (*of government*). **legeria con du salones** bicameral legislature.**legeria con un salon** unicameral legislature. **legeria provinsal** statehouse. **legeria statal** statehouse.

**legi** *vt.* legislate. ● *n.* legislation.

**leginte** *adj.* legislative.

**legiste** *n.* legist, jurist.

**legor** *n.* legislator, lawmaker.

**legum** *n.* legume (*Fabaceae*).

**lejable** *adj.* readable, legible.

**lejablia** *n.* readability, legibility.

**lejador** *n.* reader, reading device.

**leje** *vt.* read, peruse. ● *n.* reading (*action*, *interpretation*, *measurement*). **leje de labios** lip-reading. **leje rapida** skim.

**lejecarta** *n.* card reader.

**lejedisco** *n.* disk drive.

**lejemente** *n.* mind reader, mentalist.

**lejenda** *n.* legend.

**lejendal** *adj.* legendary.

**lejera** *adj.* light, lightweight, weightless. **tro lejera** underweight.

**lejeri** *vi.* lighten, become lighter. ● *vt.* alleviate, relieve, soothe, mitigate. ● *n.* relief.

**lejeria** *n.* lightness. **lejeria completa** weightlessness, zero gravity.

**lejion** *n.* legion.

**lejionor** *n.* legionnaire.

**lejor** *n.* reader.

**lema** *n.* lemma (*mathematics*, *philosophy*); headword (*dictionary*).

**leming** *n.* lemming (*rodent*: *Lemmini*).

**lemur** *n.* lemur (*primate*: *Lemur*).

**lenial** *adj.* wooden, wood.

**lenieria** *n.* woodyard, timberyard.

**lenio** *n.* wood, timber, lumber. **de lenio** wooden, wood. **lenio de foco** firewood. **lenio dur** hardwood. **lenio esterna** sapwood, alburnum. **lenio flotante** driftwood. **lenio interna** heartwood, duramen. **lenio mol**softwood. **lenio presada** particleboard, chipboard. **lenio stratida** plywood.

**lenior** *n.* woodcutter, lumberjack.

**leniosa** *adj.* woody.

**lenta** *adj.* slow; lingering. ● *n.* slowcoach, slowpoke, laggard, sluggard.

**lente** *n.* lens. **lente de angulo larga** wide-angle lens. **lente de grandi** magnifier, magnifying glass. **lente de ojeto** object lens, objective lens. **lente de regarda** eyepiece, ocular lens. **lente de zuma** zoom lens. **lente macro** closeup lens, macro lens. **lente macro de zuma** macro zoom lens.

**lenteta** *n.* contact lens.

**lenti** *vi.* & *vt.* slow, slow down, decelerate. ● *n.* deceleration, slowdown.

**lentil** *n.* lentil (*Lens culinaris*). **lentil brun** brown lentil. **lentil roja** red lentil.

**lentin** *adj.* lenslike, lens-shaped, lenticular.

**leon** *n.* lion (*Panthera leo*). **Leon** *n.* Leo (*constellation*). **leon-de-mar** *n.* sea lion (*Otariidae*). **leon fema**lioness. **Leon Peti** Leo Minor (*constellation*).

**leoneta** *n.* lion cub.

**leoni** *vi.* & *vt.* lionize.

**leopardeta** *n.* leopard cub.

**leopardo** *n.* leopard (*Panthera pardus*).

**lepilemur** *n.* sportive lemur (*Lepilemuridae*).

**lepre** *n.* hare (*Lepus*). **Lepre** *n.* Lepus (*constellation*).

**leprecan** *n.* leprechaun.

**lepror** *n.* sighthound. **lepror afgani** Afghan hound. **lepror engles** greyhound. **lepror eres** Irish wolfhound.

**leprosa** *adj.* leprous. ● *n.* leper.

**leprosia** *n.* leprosy.

**-lepsia** *n.suff.* -lepsy (*medical*).

**-lepsica** *adj.suff.* -leptic.

**lepton** *n.* lepton (*particle*).

**lesbian** *adj.* lesbian, sapphic. ● *n.* lesbian.

**lesbianisme** *n.* lesbianism.

**lesion** *n.* lesion. **lesion de arde** burn (*injury*).

**lesitina** *n.* lecithin (*substance*).

**leson** *n.* lesson, lecture. **dona un leson** give a lesson, give a lecture. **leson moral** moral lesson, moral (*of story*). **leson privata** tutorial, private lesson.

**lesonor** *n.* lecturer.

**Lesoto** *n.* Lesotho. **lesoto** *adj.* & *n.* Lesothan.

**letarjia** *n.* lethargy, sluggishness, torpor, torpidity, listlessness, languor.

**letarjiosa** *adj.* lethargic, sluggish, listless, languorous.

**lete** *n.* milk. **dona lete** nurse, breastfeed. **lete bateda** milkshake. **lete de gal** eggnog. **lete de ris** rice milk.**lete densida** condensed milk. **prende lete** nurse. **prende lete de** milk (*animal*).

**letera** *n.* letter (*alphabet*, *postal*), epistle, missive. **letera major** uppercase letter, capital letter, majuscule.**letera minor** lowercase letter, small letter, minuscule. **leteras major o minor** case.

**leteral** *adj.* literal.

**leteratur** *n.* literature. **leteratur parlada** oral literature.

**leteratural** *adj.* literary.

**leteri** *vt.* letter, do lettering. **leteri con mano** hand lettering.

**leteria** *n.* dairy.

**leteta** *n.* cot, crib, cradle; small bed, berth, bunk.

**leti** *vt.* lactate. ● *n.* lactation.

**letin** *adj.* milky.

**leto** *n.* bed. **leto ascondeda** wall bed, murphy bed, trundle bed. **leto castelin** bunk bed. **leto de acua**waterbed. **leto de maladia** sickbed. **leto de mori** deathbed. **leto de plumas** featherbed. **leto de sol**sunbed. **leto estragrande** king-size bed. **leto grande** queen-size bed. **leto per du** double bed. **leto per un** single bed. **leto pliable** folding bed, cot. **leto rolante** wheeled bed, hospital bed. **letos jemelo** twin beds (*two single beds*). **ordina la leto** make the bed.

**letor** *n.* milkman.

**letseburges** *adj.* & *n.* Luxemburgish, Luxembourgeois.

**letuga** *n.* lettuce (*Lactuca*). **letuga roman** romaine lettuce, cos lettuce.

**leucemia** *n.* leukaemia (US leukemia).

**leuco-** *pref.* leuco-.

**leucoplasto** *n.* leucoplast (*biology*).

**leucosite** *n.* leukocyte (*blood cell*).

**lev** *n.* lev (*currency*).

**leva** *vi.* rise, lift, levitate, get up, arise. ● *vt.* raise, lift, heft, hoist, levitate; hold up; raise, pose (*problem*,*question*); promote (*in rank*), exalt. ● *n.* rise, levitation; promotion, exaltation, uplift. **ante leva de sol**predawn. **leva de luna** moonrise. **leva de pesas** weightlifting. **leva de sol** sunrise, dawn, daybreak. **leva de spalas** shrug. **leva final** proofing (*bread*). **leva sua regarda** look up. **leva sua spalas** shrug.

**levacarga** *n.* lift truck, forklift truck, sideloader, stacker truck.

**levada** *adj.* leavened. **levada natural** sourdough.

**Levante** *n.* Levant (*Mediterranean region*). **Mar Levante** Levantine Sea.

**lever** *n.* lever. **lever de engrana** gearstick, gearshift.

**leveri** *vt.* lever, pry, prise. ● *n.* leverage.

**leviatan** *n.* leviathan (*Biblical sea monster*).

**levor** *n.* lifter. **levor de pesas** weightlifter.

**lexem** *n.* lexeme.

**lexicografia** *n.* lexicography.

**lexicografial** *adj.* lexicographical.

**lexicografiste** *n.* lexicographer.

**lexicolojia** *n.* lexicology.

**lexicolojial** *adj.* lexicological.

**lexicolojiste** *n.* lexicologist.

**lezardo** *n.* lizard (*Lacertilia*, but not snakes). **Lezardo** *n.* Lacerta (*constellation*).

**lfn** *abbr.* (*Lingua Franca Nova*) Elefen, LFN. — To avoid confusion with other possible meanings of the abbreviation *LFN*, the spelling *Elefen* is preferred, including in English.

**lia** *vt.* tie, bind, strap, tether, moor; connect, link, plug in; liaise; associate (*mentally*). ● *n.* link, bond, connection, ligation, linkage; liaison; covenant; suspender (*UK*), garter (*US*); association (*mental*). **lia a tera** ground, earth (*an electrical device*). **lia con filo** wired connection. **lia la gamas de** bind the legs of, hobble, hogtie.**lia la manos e pedes de** hogtie. **lia sin filo** wireless connection. **lia tubal** tubal ligation (*medical*).

**liada** *adj.* bound, tied.

**liador** *n.* plug (*electric*).

**liama** *n.* llama (*animal*: *Lama glama*).

**liana** *n.* liana (*plant*).

**liante** *adj.* connecting, connective. ● *n.* ligature. **verbo liante** linking verb, copula.

**libela** *n.* dragonfly, damselfly (*Odonata*).

**Liberia** *n.* Liberia.

**liberian** *adj.* & *n.* Liberian.

**libi** *adj.* & *n.* Libyan.

**Libia** *n.* Libya.

**libidal** *adj.* libidinal.

**libido** *n.* libido, sex drive, lust. **sin libido** frigid.

**libidosa** *adj.* libidinous, lustful, randy, horny. ● *n.* sexpot, voluptuary. **tro libidosa** oversexed.

**libra** *n.* pound (*weight*).

**libralisme** *n.* liberalism.

**libraliste** *adj.* liberal, laissez-faire. ● *n.* liberal.

**libre** *adj.* free, at liberty; freelance. **libre con garantia** free on bail, out on bail.

**libreria** *n.* bookshop.

**libreta** *n.* booklet, pamphlet, brochure; libretto. **libreta de fosfores** book of matches, matchbook.

**libri** *vi.* & *vt.* free, liberate, release, emancipate, unleash, rid. ● *n.* liberation, emancipation, release; quittance.**libri con garantia** release on bail. **libri de sclavia** freedom from slavery, manumission.

**libria** *n.* freedom, liberty, leeway. **libria de jornalisme** freedom of the press. **libria limitada** parole. **libria oservada** probation.

**libro** *n.* book. **libro anial** yearbook, annual. **libro de aprende** textbook. **libro de cantas** songbook. **libro de consulta** reference book. **libro de contas** ledger. **libro de cuoro** leather-bound book. **libro de eserse**exercise book, practice book. **libro de fables** storybook. **libro de fato** non-fiction book. **libro de imajina**fiction book. **libro de imnos** hymnbook, hymnal. **libro de mapas** atlas. **libro de modeles** copybook.**libro de notas** notebook. **libro de pox** pocketbook, small notebook. **libro de preas** prayerbook, missal.**libro de resetas** recipe book, cookbook. **libro de scola** schoolbook. **libro de stratejia** playbook. **libro de viaja** travel guide; travelogue (US travelog). **libro de xeces** chequebook (US checkbook). **libro dur**hardback, hardcover. **libro enrolada** scroll. **libro mol** paperback, softback. **libro nonvendeda**remaindered book, unsold book.

**libromanica** *adj.* & *n.* book fanatic, bookworm.

**libron** *n.* tome.

**libror** *n.* liberator.

**licen** *n.* lichen (*plant*: *Ascomycota*, *Basidiomycota*).

**liciris** *n.* liquorice (US licorice) (*Glycyrrhiza glabra*).

**licopodio** *n.* clubmoss (*plant*: *Lycopodiaceae*).

**licor** *n.* liqueur.

**Lictenstain** *n.* Liechtenstein.

**lictenstaines** *adj.* Liechtenstein. ● *n.* Liechtensteiner.

**licuida** *adj.* liquid (*including assets*), fluid. ● *n.* liquid, fluid. **licuida de coreti** correction fluid, whiteout.

**licuidador** *n.* liquidizer, blender.

**licuidi** *vi.* & *vt.* liquefy, liquify, liquidize; liquidate. ● *n.* liquidation.

**licuidia** *n.* liquidity.

**licuidor** *n.* liquidator.

**Lidia** *n.* Lydia.

**Lietuva** *n.* Lithuania.

**lietuvisce** *adj.* & *n.* Lithuanian.

**ligamento** *n.* ligament, sinew.

**lignito** *n.* lignite, brown coal.

**Liguria** *n.* Liguria. **Mar Liguria** Ligurian Sea.

**ligurian** *adj.* & *n.* Ligurian.

**ligustro** *n.* privet (*plant*: *Ligustrum*).

**lil** *n.* lily (*Lilium*). **lil-de-mar** *n.* sea lily (*Bourgueticrinida*). **lil de neva** snowdrop (*Galanthus*). **lil tigrin** tiger lily (*Lilium lancifolium*).

**lila** *adj.* lilac (*colour*). ● *n.* lilac (*plant*: *Syringa*).

**lim** *n.* lime (*tree*, *fruit*: *Citrus*× *aurantifolia*, *Citrus*× *latifollia*).

**lima** *n.* file. **lima de emeri** emery board. **lima de ungia** nail file.

**limasa** *n.* slug (*Gastropoda*).

**limbica** *adj.* limbic.

**limbo**¹ *n.* limbo (*religion*).

**limbo**² *n.* limbo (*dance*).

**Limburg** *n.* Limburg (*Dutch or Belgian province*).

**limburgan** *adj.* Limburgish, Limburgian.

**limeric** *n.* limerick.

**limeta** *n.* sweet lime, sweet lemon, sweet limetta (*Citrus*× *limetta*).

**limfa** *n.* lymph.

**limfal** *adj.* lymphatic.

**limfo-** *pref.* lympho- (*lymph*).

**limfoblasto** *n.* lymphoblast (*biology*).

**limfoide** *adj.* lymphoid.

**limfoma** *n.* lymphoma. **limfoma de Hodgkin** [hodjcin] Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

**limfopoiese** *n.* lymphopoiesis (*biology*).

**limfosital** *adj.* lymphocytic.

**limfosite** *n.* lymphocyte, white blood cell. **limfosite B** B-cell. **limfosite NK** natural killer cell. **limfosite T** T-cell.

**limi** *vt.* file (*smoothe*).

**limita** *vt.* limit, delimit; cap (*price*). ● *n.* limit, boundary, bound, frontier, delimitation, threshold, cut-off, limitation. **limita de tempo** deadline, time limit. **limita masima** upper limit, cap, ceiling. **limitas** limits, bounds, extent, ambit, scope. **pone un limita** impose a limit, draw the line. **sin limita** unlimited, limitless, infinite, boundless, unbounded, countless, innumerable.

**limitada** *adj.* limited, finite, bounded.

**limital** *adj.* borderline (*just on the edge*, *personality disorder*).

**limon** *n.* lemon (*Citrus*× *limon*).

**limonada** *n.* lemonade.

**limonin** *adj.* lemony, lemonlike.

**limonosa** *adj.* lemony.

**limpa** *adj.* clean.

**limpi** *vi.* become clean, clean up. ● *vt.* clean, clean up, wipe; mop; sweep (*chimney*). **limpi etnical** ethnic cleansing.

**limpia** *n.* cleanliness.

**limpibota** *n.* bootblack.

**limpida** *adj.* cleaned.

**limpor** *n.* cleaner (*person*), scrubwoman, charwoman, charlady. **limpor de sala** chambermaid.

**limusin** *n.* limousine, limo.

**lince** *n.* lynx (*Lynx*). **Lince** *n.* Lynx (*constellation*). **lince rojin** bobcat (*Lynx rufus*).

**lineta** *n.* linnet, twite (*bird*: *Linaria*).

**linga** *n.* linga, lingam (*Hinduism*).

**lingua** *n.* tongue; language; speech (*ability*). **lingua aidante** auxiliary language. **lingua construida**constructed language, conlang, artificial language. **lingua de asembla** assembly language. **lingua de programi** programming language. **lingua de sinia** sign language. **lingua desiniada** planned language, artificial language. **lingua franca nova** Lingua Franca Nova. **propre lingua** native language, native tongue, mother tongue.

**linguaje** *n.* language (*style*), wording.

**lingual** *adj.* lingual (*of the tongue*); linguistic (*of language*).

**linguine** *n.* linguine (*food*).

**linguiste** *n.* linguist.

**linguistica** *n.* linguistics. **linguistica computal** computational linguistics.

**lini** *vt.* line (*mark lines on*).

**linia** *n.* line, row; rank (*chess*). **en linia reta** in a straight line, in a beeline, as the crow flies. **linia de arbores**treeline. **linia de comandas** command line (*software*). **linia de familia** lineage, family line, line of descent, bloodline, pedigree. **linia de neva** snowline. **linia de sangue** bloodline, pedigree. **linia direta**direct line, hotline. **linia media** midline. **linia orizonal** horizontal line, dash. **vade en linia reta a** make a beeline for.

**linial** *adj.* linear, lineal.

**linida** *adj.* lined (*marked with lines*).

**linioio** *n.* eyeliner.

**lino** *n.* flax, linseed (*plant*: *Linum usitatissimum*). **olio de lino** linseed oil. **pasta de lino** putty. **seme de lino**linseed. **stofa de lino** linen.

**linolio** *n.* linoleum, lino.

**linosa** *adj.* treated with linseed.

**lintel** *n.* lintel, transom.

**linxa** *vt.* lynch. ● *n.* lynching.

**Lion** *n.* León (*Spanish region*).

**liones** *adj.* & *n.* Leonese.

**lipido** *adj.* lipid (*chemistry*). ● *n.* lipid.

**lipo-** *pref.* lipo- (*fat*).

**lipoprotena** *n.* lipoprotein.

**liposuca** *n.* liposuction.

**lira**¹ *n.* lyre. **Lira** *n.* Lyra (*constellation*).

**lira**² *n.* lira (*currency*).

**lirica** *adj.* lyrical, lyric.

**liriodendro** *n.* tulip tree (*Liriodendron*).

**liron** *n.* dormouse (*Gliridae*).

**lisa** *adj.* smooth, sleek; crisp (*cloth*, *paper*).

**lisador** *n.* smoother, sander. **lisador de banda** belt sander.

**Lisboa** *n.* Lisbon.

**lisca** *vi.* slide, slip, glide, coast, swipe. ● *vt.* slide, slip, push. ● *n.* slip, glide. **lisca de tera** landslide, landslip. **lisca e pone** drag and drop (*software*). **lisca sur acua** aquaplane.

**liscable** *adj.* slidable, sliding.

**liscador** *n.* slider; hovercraft.

**liscante** *n.* glissando.

**liscasapato** *n.* shoehorn.

**lisceta** *vi.* glitch, goof, slip, slip up. ● *n.* glitch, goof, booboo, boob, slip, slip-up.

**liscor** *n.* flying possum, flying phalanger, glider (*marsupial*: *Petaurus*).

**liscosa** *adj.* slippery, slick.

**liscosia** *n.* slipperiness.

**-lise** *n.suff.* -lysis (*decomposition*).

**lisensa** *vt.* license. ● *n.* licence (US license), permit. **lisensa de primi** imprimatur.

**lisensada** *adj.* licensed.

**liseo** *n.* high school, secondary school, lycee, lyceum.

**lisi** *vi.* & *vt.* smoothe, streamline; sand (*wood*).

**lisia** *n.* smoothness.

**-lisica** *adj.suff.* -lytic.

**lisosoma** *n.* lysosome (*biology*).

**lista** *vt.* list, itemize. ● *n.* list. **lista cadente** drop-down list. **lista de benes** inventory. **lista de contenidas**packing slip, (*ship’s*) manifest. **lista de desiradas** wish list. **lista de eras** errata. **lista de medisines**formulary. **lista de salarios** payroll. **lista de sertis** checklist. **lista negra** blacklist. **pone en lista negra** blacklist.

**litania** *n.* litany.

**litiga** *vt.* litigate, prosecute, sue, take to court, arraign, try, proceed against. ● *n.* litigation, suit, lawsuit, trial, prosecution, case (*law*). **litiga falsa** mock trial. **litiga nonconcluinte** mistrial.

**litigable** *adj.* accountable, responsible, actionable.

**litigor** *n.* litigator, litigant. **litigor de stato** state attorney (*civil law*).

**litigosa** *adj.* litigious.

**litio** *n.* lithium.

**-lito**¹ *n.suff.* -lith (*stone*).

**lito-**² *pref.* litho- (*stone*).

**litografi** *vt.* & *n.* lithograph.

**litografia** *n.* lithography.

**litolojia** *n.* lithology.

**litorina** *n.* winkle, periwinkle (*mollusc*: *Littorina*).

**litosfera** *n.* lithosphere, mantle (*geology*).

**litote** *n.* litotes (*rhetoric*).

**litotrof** *adj.* lithotrophic (*biology*). ● *n.* lithotroph.

**litotrofia** *n.* lithotrophia.

**litre** *n.* litre (US liter) (*unit of capacity*).

**liturjia** *n.* liturgy.

**liturjial** *adj.* liturgical.

**litvac** *adj.* Litvak. ● *n.* Litvak, Lithuanian Jew.

**litxi** *n.* lychee (*tree*, *fruit*: *Litchi chinensis*).

**livermorio** *n.* livermorium (*element*).

**lixivia** *vi.* & *vt.* leach (*drain*). ● *n.* leaching.

**lixiviada** *n.* leachate.

**lo** *pron.* it. **lo cual** that which, what; e.g. *lo cual resta parteni a tu*; *me va esplica lo cual me crede*.

**lobe** *n.* lobe. **lobe de orea** earlobe.

**lobosa** *adj.* lobed.

**lobotomia** *n.* lobotomy.

**loca** *vt.* locate, place, site, position. ● *n.* place, location, position, spot, site, locale. **en loca** instead. **en loca de**instead of, in place of, rather than. **en no loca** nowhere. **en no otra loca** nowhere else. **en un otra loca**somewhere else. **loca de nase** birthplace. **loca de note** nightclub, night spot. **loca de orienta** landmark (*navigation*). **loca misera** wretched place, hellhole, dump. **loca ueb** website.

**local** *adj.* local. **popla local** local people, local population, locals.

**locali** *vi.* localize. ● *vt.* trace, track, pinpoint. ● *n.* localization.

**localisme** *n.* localism, parochialism.

**locativa** *adj.* & *n.* locative (*grammar*).

**locomotiva** *n.* locomotive, engine. **locomotiva de vapor** steam locomotive.

**locomotivor** *n.* engine driver, train engineer.

**locusta** *n.* locust, grasshopper (*Caelifera*). **locusta solitar** grasshopper (*when not swarming*). **locusta xamante** locust (*Acridoidea*).

**loda** *vt.* praise, laud, glorify, exalt, commend, extol, eulogize; compliment, congratulate, flatter. ● *n.* praise, kudos, compliment, congratulation, glory, exaltation, eulogy, panegyric, encomium, citation, commendation.**con loda masima** with the highest praise, summa cum laude. **loda duple** praise twice, give two thumbs up to. **loda falsa** false praise, hype, puffery. **loda zelosa** praise enthusiastically, rave about.

**lodable** *adj.* laudable, praiseworthy, commendable.

**lodante** *adj.* praising, flattering.

**lodas** *interj.* congratulations, my compliments.

**loden** *n.* loden (*fabric*).

**loes** *n.* loess (*soil*).

**lofofora** *n.* lophophore (*biology*).

**lofotrocozon** *n.* lophotrochozoon (pl. lophotrochozoa) (*organism*).

**logaritmal** *adj.* logarithmic.

**logaritmo** *n.* logarithm.

**logo**¹ *n.* logo, emblem.

**logo-**² *pref.* logo- (*words*).

**logofilia** *n.* logophilia, love of words.

**logofilica** *adj.* logophilic, word-loving. ● *n.* logophile, lover of words.

**logudores** *adj.* & *n.* Logudorese (*person*, *language*).

**Logudoro** *n.* Logudoro (*Sardinian region*).

**lojia**¹ *n.* loggia, veranda; box (*theatre*). **lojia de acusada** dock (*in court*). **lojia de atestor** witness stand, witness box. **lojia de juria** jury box.

**-lojia**² *n.suff.* -logy (*study*).

**lojica** *n.* logic.

**lojical** *adj.* logical; Boolean. **es lojical** make sense.

**lojicalia** *n.* logicality.

**lojistica** *n.* logistics.

**lojistical** *adj.* logistical.

**lolio** *n.* ryegrass, darnel (*Lolium*).

**lom** *n.* loam (*soil*).

**lombal** *adj.* lumbar.

**lombard** *adj.* & *n.* Lombard.

**Lombardia** *n.* Lombardy (*Italian region*).

**lombo** *n.* loin, loins, lower back.

**lomen** *n.* lo mein (*food*).

**lomosa** *adj.* loamy.

**lona** *n.* canvas, sailcloth. **de lona** canvas. **lona catranida** tarpaulin, tarp. **lona de polietilen** polythene tarpaulin, polytarp.

**longa** *adj.* long. ● *adv.* long, for a long time, for a long way. **como longa** how long. **Isola Longa** Long Island.

**longi** *vi.* & *vt.* lengthen, elongate, prolong, protract. ● *n.* elongation, prolongation.

**longia** *n.* length, duration. **longia de onda** wavelength. **par longia** lengthwise, lengthways.

**longo** *prep.* • along, up, down (*following or in parallel with*); e.g. *la folias flota longo la rio*; *un arania rampe longo mea gama*. • according to; e.g. *longo la predise, doman va es an plu calda*.

**lonjitude** *n.* longitude. **lonjitude de sielo** right ascension.

**lonxura** *n.* mannikin (*bird*: *Lonchura*).

**lori** *n.* lory, lorikeet (*bird*: *Loriinae*).

**loris** *n.* loris (*primate*: *Lorisinae*).

**lorisifero** *n.* loricifer (*organism*: *Loricifera*).

**los** *pron.* they; them. **los ci** they who; e.g. *los ci osa gania*.

**losa** *n.* earthenware. **de losa** earthenware.

**losion** *n.* lotion. **losion de rasa** aftershave.

**loto** *n.* lotto, lottery; bingo, keno.

**Louisiana** [luiziana] *n.* Louisiana (*US state*).

**lsd** *n.* LSD (*drug*).

**lua** *vt.* rent, hire, lease, let. ● *n.* rental, hiring, leasing. **ofre per lua** rent out, hire out.

**luable** *adj.* rentable, rental, to let.

**luau** *n.* luau (*Hawaiian feast*).

**Lubnan** *n.* Lebanon.

**lubnani** *adj.* & *n.* Lebanese.

**lubrica** *vt.* lubricate, lube. ● *n.* lubrication.

**lubricante** *adj.* lubricating. ● *n.* lubricant, lube.

**lucarna** *n.* dormer (*window*).

**lufa** *n.* luffa, loofah (*plant*, *sponge*: *Luffa*).

**luganda** *adj.* & *n.* Luganda. See *Uganda*.

**luje** *n.* luge (*toboggan*).

**luji** *vt.* luge.

**lumbago** *n.* lumbago (*medical*).

**lumen** *n.* lumen (*unit of light*).

**lumina** *vt.* illuminate, light, enlighten, brighten, highlight. ● *n.* illumination (*action*, *result*), highlight; enlightenment. **Lumina** *n.* Enlightenment. **lumina fondal** backlight, backlighting. **lumina ultravioleta**black light, blacklight.

**luminada** *adj.* illuminated, lit. **luminada par luna** moonlit. **luminada par sol** sunlit.

**luminosa** *adj.* luminous, lucid.

**luna** *n.* moon. **luna de miel** honeymoon. **luna oscur** new moon. **luna plen** full moon.

**lunal** *adj.* lunar.

**lundi** *n.* Monday.

**luneta** *n.* small moon, natural satellite.

**lunlotra** *pron.* each other, one another; e.g. *la gatos regarda lunlotra*; *la tre frates xuxa a lunlotra*; *la calculos en la caxa clica contra lunlotra*. **con lunlotra** with each other, together. **pos lunlotra** one after another, one by one.

**luor** *n.* renter, tenant, lodger.

**lupa** *n.* magnifying glass, magnifier, loupe.

**lupin** *n.* lupin (*plant*: *Lupinus*).

**lupo** *n.* wolf (*Canis lupus*). **Lupo** *n.* Lupus (*constellation*).

**lupulo** *n.* hop (*plant*: *Humulus lupulus*).

**lupus** *n.* lupus (*medical*).

**lus** *n.* light (*illumination*). **lus clar de dia** clear light of day, broad daylight. **lus de dia** daylight; daytime, day.**lus de lampa** lamplight. **lus de luna** moonlight. **lus de sol** sunlight. **lus de stela** starlight. **lus final**dusk, twilight. **lus prima** dawn, twilight. **lus refletada** reflected light, glare.

**lusio** *n.* pike (*fish*: *Esox*).

**luso** *n.* luxury (*item*).

**lusosa** *adj.* luxurious, luxuriant, opulent, lavish, sumptuous, sensuous, rich, deluxe, lush, posh, ritzy, swanky.**estrema lusosa** high-end.

**lusosia** *n.* luxury (*state*).

**luta** *vi.* wrestle, rassle, grapple, struggle, contend; falter. ● *vt.* cause to struggle. ● *n.* wrestling, struggle, altercation, contention.

**lutefisc** *n.* lutefisk (*food*).

**luteran** *adj.* & *n.* Lutheran.

**luteranisme** *n.* Lutheranism (*Christianity*).

**lutesio** *n.* lutetium (*element*).

**lutiste** *n.* lutist, lute player.

**luto** *n.* lute.

**lutor** *n.* wrestler, fighter.

**lutra** *n.* otter (*Lutrinae*).

**lux** *n.* lux (*unit of light*).

**Luxemburg** *n.* Luxembourg.

**luxemburges** *adj.* Luxembourgish. ● *n.* Luxembourger.

**Luzon** *n.* Luzon (*island*). **Streta Luzon** Luzon Strait.

M

**m** [em] *letter* m.

**ma** *conj.* but, whereas.

**maa** *interj.* baa. See *bala*.

**Maca** *n.* Mecca.

**macabre** *adj.* macabre, grim, ghoulish, ghastly, grisly, gruesome.

**macaca** *n.* macaque (*Macaca*). **macaca resus** rhesus monkey, rhesus macaque (*Macaca mulatta*).

**macadamia** *n.* macadamia (*tree*: *Macadamia*).

**macaron** *n.* macaroon.

**macaroni** *n.* macaroni.

**Macau** *n.* Macau, Macao. **macau** *adj.* & *n.* Macanese.

**Macedonia** *n.* Macedonia.

**macedonsce** *adj.* Macedonian.

**macero** *n.* mackerel (*Scombridae*, *Carangidae*).

**macia** *vt.* make up, apply cosmetics to. ● *n.* makeup, cosmetics. **macia de teatro** greasepaint.

**macina** *n.* machine, mechanism. **macina de fili** spinning wheel. **macina de soma** adding machine. **macina de tempo** time machine. **macina de vapor** steam engine. **macinas** machines, machinery.

**macinal** *adj.* mechanical, clockwork.

**macineta** *n.* device, gadget, contraption.

**macini** *vt.* mechanize.

**maciniste** *n.* mechanic, machinist; artificer.

**maciste** *n.* makeup artist.

**macrame** *n.* macrame (*art*).

**macro** *adj.* closeup (*image*). ● *n.* closeup; macro (*software*). ● *pref.* macro- (*large*).

**macrocosmo** *n.* macrocosm.

**macrofago** *n.* macrophage (*biology*).

**macrosefalia** *n.* macrocephaly (*medical*).

**macrosefalica** *adj.* macrocephalic, macrocephalous.

**macula** *n.* macula, macula lutea (*anatomy*).

**maculal** *adj.* macular.

**Madagasicara** *n.* Madagascar. See *malagasi*.

**madalena** *n.* madeleine (*cake*).

**Madera** *n.* Madeira (*island*). **Isolas Madera** Madeira Islands.

**madjong** *n.* mahjong (*game*).

**madona** *n.* madonna.

**madral** *adj.* maternal; maternity (*leave*, *dress*).

**madras** *n.* madras (*fabric*).

**madre** *n.* mother. **madre de batiza** godmother. **madre e padre** mother and father, parents. **madre futur**mother-to-be. **madre par sposi** mother-in-law. **madre sin sposo** single mother. **sin madre** motherless.

**madria** *n.* motherhood, maternity.

**madrigal** *n.* madrigal (*music*).

**madrin** *adj.* motherly. ● *n.* mother figure, godmother.

**madriside** *vt.* commit matricide. ● *n.* matricide (*action*).

**madrisidor** *n.* matricide (*person*).

**madron** *n.* matriarch.

**mafia** *n.* mafia.

**mafior** *n.* mafioso, member of a mafia.

**Magallanes, Streta** *n.* Strait of Magellan.

**Magiar** *n.* Hungary. **magiar** *adj.* & *n.* Hungarian. See *Ungaria*.

**magma** *n.* magma (*geology*).

**magmal** *adj.* magmatic, igneous.

**magnesio** *n.* magnesium.

**magnetal** *adj.* magnetic.

**magnete** *n.* magnet.

**magneti** *vi.* & *vt.* magnetize. ● *n.* magnetization.

**magnetia** *n.* magnetism.

**magnetometre** *n.* magnetometer.

**magnetometria** *n.* magnetometry.

**magnolia** *n.* magnolia (*Magnolia*).

**magra** *adj.* thin, slim, slender, svelte, lean, willowy, skinny, narrow, fine, gracile; gaunt, paltry, meagre (US meager).

**magri** *vi.* thin, slim, emaciate. ● *vt.* thin, slim, constrict. ● *n.* thinning, emaciation, constriction.

**magria** *n.* thinness, slimness, slenderness.

**Magrib** *n.* Morocco. See *Maroco*.

**magribi** *adj.* & *n.* Moroccan.

**mahaiana** *adj.* Mahayana (*Buddhism*).

**maharaja** *n.* maharajah (*Indian prince*).

**maharani** *n.* maharani (*Indian princess*).

**maharixi** *n.* maharishi (*Hinduism*).

**mahatma** *n.* mahatma (*holy person*).

**mahimahi** *n.* mahi-mahi, dolphinfish (*Coryphaena hippurus*).

**Mahore** *n.* Mahore (*island*).

**mahores** *adj.* & *n.* Mahoran.

**maia** *adj.* & *n.* Mayan.

**maiasauro** *n.* maiasaurus (*dinosaur*).

**Maine** [mein] *n.* Maine (*US state*). **Golfo Maine** Gulf of Maine.

**mainel** *n.* mullion (*architecture*).

**maio** *n.* May.

**maiones** *n.* mayonnaise, mayo.

**maior** *n.* mayor.

**maioral** *adj.* mayoral.

**mais** *n.* corn, maize (*Zea mays*). **mais moleda** hominy.

**maitili** *adj.* & *n.* Maithil, Maithili (*person*, *language*).

**maitnerio** *n.* meitnerium (*element*).

**majel** *adj.* Marshallese. ● *n.* Marshallese, Marshall Islander. **Isolas Majel** Marshall Islands.

**majenta** *adj.* & *n.* magenta.

**majenti** *vi.* & *vt.* turn magenta.

**majia** *n.* magic, sorcery. **majia de mano** sleight of hand, prestidigitation.

**majial** *adj.* magic.

**majiosa** *adj.* magic, magical.

**majiste** *n.* magician, conjuror.

**majo** *n.* mage, magus (pl. magi).

**major** *adj.* major, key; great; senior, the elder. ● *n.* major (*officer*).

**majoran** *n.* marjoram (*plant*: *Origanum majorana*).

**majori** *vi.* & *vt.* capitalize, convert to uppercase.

**majoria** *n.* majority, preponderance.

**Makasar, Streta** *n.* Makassar Strait.

**mal** *adj.* (*prenominal*) bad, invalid, wrong. ● *adv.* badly, wrongly. ● *pref.* mis-, bad-, ill- (*added to verbs: a worse variant of the action*, *often a specialized sense*); e.g. *malodori*; *maldise*. **fa mal** do wrong. **mal fa**wrongdoing, bad deed. **plu mal** worse.

**malacita** *n.* malachite (*mineral*).

**malacusa** *vt.* libel, slander, defame, calumniate, vilify, badmouth. ● *n.* libel, slander, defamation, calumny, calumniation, vilification, backbiting.

**malacusante** *adj.* libellous (US libelous), slanderous, calumnious.

**malacusor** *n.* libeller (US libeler), slanderer, calumniator.

**malada** *adj.* sick, ill, unwell, indisposed. ● *n.* invalid. **malada de ama** lovelorn, lovesick. **malada de cor**heartsick. **malada de mar** seasick. **malada de posenebria** hung over.

**maladeria** *n.* infirmary, sick bay.

**maladerior** *n.* infirmary nurse.

**maladi** *vi.* sicken, become sick, fall ill. ● *vt.* make ill.

**maladia** *n.* disease, illness, sickness, ailment, malady. **maladia de altia** altitude sickness. **maladia de ama**lovesickness. **maladia de bestias** murrain. **maladia de descompresa** decompression sickness, the bends. **maladia de dormi** sleeping sickness, trypanosomiasis. **maladia de mar** seasickness. **maladia de Parkinson** Parkinson’s disease, parkinsonism. **maladia de vola** airsickness.

**maladiosa** *adj.* sickly.

**malagasi** *adj.* & *n.* Malagasy. See *Madagasicara*.

**malagatani** *n.* mulligatawny (*soup*).

**malaialam** *adj.* & *n.* Malayalam (*person*, *language*).

**Malaisia** *n.* Malaysia.

**malaisian** *adj.* & *n.* Malaysian.

**malajusta** *n.* maladaptation, maladjustment.

**malajustada** *adj.* badly adjusted, maladapted, maladaptive, maladjusted, misconfigured; out of tune. ● *n.* misfit.

**Malaka, Streta** *n.* Strait of Malacca.

**malalinia** *vi.* & *vt.* misalign. ● *n.* misalignment.

**malaplica** *vt.* misapply.

**malarcivi** *vt.* misfile.

**malaria** *n.* malaria.

**malasinia** *vt.* misassign, miscast.

**Malaui** *n.* Malawi. **malaui** *adj.* & *n.* Malawian. **Lago Malaui** Lake Malawi, Lake Nyasa.

**malaventura** *n.* misadventure.

**malcalcula** *vt.* miscalculate. ● *n.* miscalculation.

**malclasi** *vt.* misclassify.

**malcolori** *vt.* discolour (US discolor).

**malcombusta** *vi.* backfire (*engine*).

**malcomprende** *vt.* misunderstand, misapprehend. ● *n.* misunderstanding.

**malcondui** *vi.* misbehave. ● *n.* misbehaviour (US misbehavior), misconduct, impropriety, wrongdoing.

**malconsela** *vt.* misadvise.

**malconselada** *adj.* ill-advised, inadvisable.

**malconseti** *vi.* & *vt.* misconceive. ● *n.* misconception.

**malconstrui** *vt.* misconstruct, build badly.

**malconta** *vt.* miscount.

**malcreada** *adj.* ill-made. ● *n.* miscreant.

**malcrede** *n.* misbelief.

**maldeclara** *vt.* misstate.

**maldestinada** *adj.* ill-fated.

**maldiagnose** *vt.* misdiagnose. ● *n.* misdiagnosis.

**maldijesta** *n.* indigestion.

**maldirije** *vt.* misdirect. ● *n.* misdirection.

**maldisable** *adj.* abominable.

**maldise** *vt.* curse, damn, anathematize, badmouth, jinx; blaspheme. ● *n.* curse, jinx, malediction; blasphemy, profanity.

**maldiseda** *adj.* accursed, abominable.

**maldistribui** *vt.* misdistribute, misdeal.

**Maldives** *n.pl.* Maldives. See *Divehi*.

**maleje** *vt.* misread. ● *n.* misreading.

**malensende** *vi.* & *vt.* misfire (*gun*).

**malerba** *n.* weed. **estrae malerbas de** weed.

**malesperia** *n.* ordeal.

**malespresa** *vt.* misexpress, misspeak.

**malfa** *vt.* do badly, bodge, botch, bungle, bumble, screw up, make a bad job of. ● *n.* misfeed, bodge, botch.

**malfamosa** *adj.* infamous.

**malfaor** *adj.* bodger, botcher, bungler.

**malformi** *vi.* & *vt.* deform, disfigure. ● *n.* deformation, malformation.

**malformida** *adj.* deformed, malformed, misshapen, grotesque.

**malfunsiona** *vi.* malfunction, go wrong. ● *n.* malfunction.

**malfunsionante** *adj.* malfunctioning, dysfunctional.

**malgida** *vt.* misguide, mislead.

**malgidada** *adj.* misguided, misled, wrong-headed.

**malgidante** *adj.* misleading, specious.

**malgoverna** *vt.* misgovern, misrule; misgovernment, misrule.

**Mali**¹ *n.* Mali.

**mali**² *vi.* turn bad, become corrupt; worsen, degenerate, deteriorate, spoil. ● *vt.* make bad, corrupt; worsen, exacerbate, aggravate. ● *n.* worsening, degeneration, deterioration, corruption, exacerbation.

**malia** *n.* evil.

**malian** *adj.* & *n.* Malian.

**malida** *adj.* deteriorated, corrupt, degenerate, spoiled (*food*).

**malidentifia** *vt.* misidentify.

**malie** *n.* chain mail.

**malinforma** *vt.* misinform.

**malintendente** *adj.* ill-willed, cruel.

**malinterprete** *vt.* misinterpret, misapprehend, misconstrue.

**maljudi** *vt.* misjudge.

**malmaneja** *vt.* mismanage, mishandle.

**malnara** *vt.* garble (*story*).

**malnomida** *adj.* misnamed; so-called (*disparaging*). ● *n.* misnomer. **la X malnomida** the so-called X (*disparaging*).

**malnuri** *n.* malnutrition.

**malnurida** *adj.* malnourished, undernourished.

**malodori** *vi.* smell bad, stink, reek.

**malodorinte** *adj.* smelly, stinking.

**malodorosa** *adj.* smelly, malodorous, foul-smelling, stinking, rank. ● *n.* stinker.

**maloia** *vt.* mishear.

**malopera** *vi.* malfunction, go wrong. ● *n.* malfunction.

**malparlante** *adj.* inarticulate.

**malpersepi** *vt.* misperceive, mistake for. ● *n.* misperception, (*optical*) illusion.

**malpersepida** *adj.* illusional.

**malpone** *vt.* misplace, mislay.

**malposada** *adj.* badly positioned; offside, offsides (*sport*).

**malpratica** *n.* malpractice.

**malprimi** *vt.* misprint.

**malprimida** *adj.* misprinted. ● *n.* misprint.

**malpronunsia** *vt.* mispronounce. ● *n.* mispronunciation.

**malpunta** *vi.* & *vt.* misaim.

**malreconose** *vt.* misrecognize, mistake for.

**malreporta** *vt.* misreport.

**malrepresenta** *vt.* misrepresent. ● *n.* misrepresentation, travesty.

**malreputa** *n.* disrepute.

**malreputada** *adj.* disreputable, of ill repute.

**malsaborosa** *adj.* foul-tasting, unpalatable.

**malscrive** *vt.* & *n.* scribble, scrawl.

**malsiniali** *vt.* & *n.* miscue.

**malsita** *vt.* misquote. ● *n.* misquotation.

**malsonia** *vt.* have a nightmare, experience as a nightmare. ● *n.* nightmare.

**malsonin** *adj.* nightmarish.

**malspele** *vt.* misspell. ● *n.* misspelling.

**malspende** *vt.* squander, waste.

**malstate** *n.* disrepair, dilapidation.

**malta**¹ *n.* malt.

**Malta**² *n.* Malta.

**maltape** *vt.* mistype. ● *n.* typing mistake, typo.

**maltase** *n.* maltase (*enzyme*).

**malti**¹ *vt.* malt.

**malti**² *adj.* & *n.* Maltese.

**maltosa** *n.* maltose (*sugar*).

**maltradui** *vt.* mistranslate. ● *n.* mistranslation.

**maltrata** *vt.* mistreat, revile, abuse, wrong. ● *n.* mistreatment, abuse, abusiveness, wrong.

**maltratante** *adj.* abusive.

**maltrator** *n.* abuser.

**Maluku** *n.* Maluku, Molucca. **Isolas Maluku** Maluku Islands, Moluccas. **Mar Maluku** Molucca Sea.

**malumorosa** *adj.* in a bad mood, sulking, sulky, sullen, brooding, moping, morose; cranky, curmudgeonly, surly, petulant. ● *n.* curmudgeon, grump, sourpuss. **es malumorosa** be in a bad mood, sulk, brood, mope.

**maluro** *n.* Australian wren (*Maluridae*).

**malusa** *vt.* misuse, abuse. **malusa de drogos** drug abuse.

**malva** *adj.* mauve (*colour*). ● *n.* mallow (*plant*: *Malva*).

**malversa** *vi.* & *vt.* spill, upset, tip over.

**malvestida** *adj.* badly dressed, poorly dressed.

**malvole** *n.* ill will, malice, malevolence, maliciousness, malignance, malignancy, acrimony.

**malvolente** *adj.* malicious, malevolent, malign, malignant, sinister, evil, wicked, mean-spirited, virulent.

**mama** *n.* (*colloquial*) mum, mom, mummy, mommy, mama (*mother*).

**mamal** *n.* mammal (*Mammalia*).

**mambo** *n.* mambo (*dance*).

**mamela** *n.* udder, mammary gland; (*colloquial*) boob, tit, knocker (*breast*). **a mamela** suckling.

**mamelal** *adj.* mammary.

**mamograf** *n.* mammograph.

**mamografi** *vt.* mammograph.

**mamografia** *n.* mammography.

**mamogram** *n.* mammogram.

**mamute** *n.* mammoth, mastodon (*Mammuthus*). **mamute lanosa** woolly mammoth (*Mammuthus primigenius*).

**Man, Isola** *n.* Isle of Man. See *manes*.

**mana** *n.* manna (*miracle food*).

**manacin** *n.* manakin (*bird*: *Pipridae*).

**manada** *n.* herd, drove, mob (*people*, *monkeys*), pack (*wolves*), pride (*lions*), flock (*birds*), gaggle (*geese*), school (*fish*), pod (*whales*), swarm (*insects*), horde (*barbarians*); rabble, riffraff, hoi polloi.

**manadi** *vi.* flock.

**manador** *n.* drover, herdsman.

**manati** *n.* manatee, sea cow (*Trichechus*).

**manca** *vi.* be missing, be wanting, be lacking, fall short; e.g. *me ia trova la rota mancante*; *un rota manca de la auto*. ● *n.* lack, deficiency, insufficiency, dearth, scarcity, deficit, shortage, shortfall, shortcoming.

**mancala** *n.* mancala (*game*).

**mancante** *adj.* missing, wanting, lacking, scarce, scant, meagre (US meager), sparse.

**mandala** *n.* mandala (*Buddhism*, *Hinduism*).

**mandarin** *n.* mandarin (*official*); zebra finch (*bird*: *Taeniopygia guttata*).

**mandarina** *n.* mandarin, mandarine, clementine.

**mandarino** *n.* mandarin tree (*Citrus reticulata*).

**Mandeb, Streta** *n.* Mandeb Strait, Bab-el-Mandeb.

**mandibula** *n.* jaw, jawbone, mandible.

**mandinca** *adj.* & *n.* Mandinka (*person*, *language*).

**Mandju** *n.* Manchuria (*Chinese region*). **mandju** *adj.* Manchu.

**mandola** *n.* mandola (*musical instrument*).

**mandolin** *n.* mandolin (*musical instrument*).

**mandragora** *n.* mandrake (*plant*: *Mandragora*).

**mandril** *n.* mandrill (*monkey*).

**maneja** *vt.* manage, operate (*machinery*), run (*organization*), administer, administrate, handle (*tool*); cope with.**maneja de casa** housekeeping. **maneja de contas** account management. **maneja de linguas** language planning. **maneja sin** do without, manage without.

**manejable** *adj.* manageable, tractable.

**manejablia** *n.* manageability, tractability.

**manejal** *adj.* administrative.

**manejor** *n.* manager, administrator, operator, steward, seneschal. **manejor de casa** housekeeper. **manejor de servores** butler.

**manera** *n.* manner, way of behaving, mannerism. **de bon maneras** well-mannered. **de mal maneras** ill-mannered, uncouth.

**manes** *adj.* & *n.* Manx. See *Man*.

**manga**¹ *n.* sleeve; cuff (*blood pressure*). **Isolas de la Manga** Channel Islands. **la Manga** English Channel.**manga de camisa** shirtsleeve. **manga de venta** windsock. **sin manga** sleeveless.

**manga**² *n.* manga (*cartoon*).

**manganes** *n.* manganese (*element*).

**mangera** *n.* hose, hosepipe, flexible tube.

**mangeri** *vt.* hose, hose down.

**mango** *n.* mango (*Mangifera*).

**mangoste** *n.* mongoose (*Herpestidae*).

**Mani**¹ *n.* Mani (*prophet*).

**mani**² *vt.* handle.

**mania** *n.* mania, addiction, fanaticism; craze, furore. ● *n.suff.* -mania (*medical*, *enthusiasm*).

**maniate** *n.* magnate, tycoon, mogul.

**manica** *adj.* manic, maniacal, fanatical; hectic, frantic. ● *n.* maniac, fanatic, junkie; addict; (*colloquial*) geek, nerd. ● *adj.suff.* -manic.

**manicin** *n.* mannequin (*dummy*, *fashion model*).

**manico** *n.* handle (*for holding*), hilt (*sword*, *knife*), grip; handlebar; handhold. **manico de porte** door handle, doorknob. **manico de scopa** broomstick. **manicos** handles, handlebars.

**manicura** *n.* manicure.

**manicuror** *n.* manicurist.

**manioca** *n.* manioc, cassava (*tree*, *root*: *Manihot esculenta*).

**manipula** *vt.* manipulate. ● *n.* manipulation. **manipula de opina** manipulation of opinion, spin. **manipula distritos elejal** gerrymander. **manipula par autoduta** gaslight.

**manipulor** *n.* manipulator.

**manisme** *n.* manichaeanism (US manicheanism).

**maniste** *adj.* & *n.* manichaean (US manichean).

**Manitoba** *n.* Manitoba (*Canadian province*).

**manitu** [manitú] *n.* manitou (*life force*).

**manivel** *n.* crank, crank handle. **arbor de maniveles** crankshaft.

**maniveli** *vt.* crank.

**Mannar, Golfo** *n.* Gulf of Mannar.

**mano** *n.* hand; handful. **con mano destra** right-handed. **con mano en mano** hand in hand. **con mano sinistra** left-handed. **con manos libre** hands free. **de mano destra** right-handed (*person*). **de mano sinistra** left-handed (*person*). **fabricada par mano** made by hand, handmade. **mano plen** handful. **par mano** by hand, manual. **sur manos e jenos** on one’s hands and knees, on all fours.

**manobra** *vt.* & *n.* manoeuvre (US maneuver). **manobra plu bon ca** outmanoeuvre (US outmaneuver).

**manodestra** *n.* right-hander.

**manometre** *n.* manometer (*pressure-measuring tool*).

**manoscrito** *n.* manuscript, autograph, codex, typescript.

**manosinistra** *n.* left-hander, southpaw.

**manteni** *vt.* maintain, keep (*in the same state*), preserve; monitor. ● *n.* maintenance, preservation, upkeep.

**mantenida** *adj.* maintained, kept.

**mantenor** *n.* janitor, caretaker, maintenance man, maintenance woman. **mantenor de eglesa** sexton.

**manticor** *n.* manticore (*mythology*).

**mantis** *n.* mantis (*insect*: *Mantodea*).

**mantra** *n.* mantra (*meditation*).

**manual** *n.* handbook, manual, reference book, guide, guidebook, vade mecum. **manual de instrui** training manual, instruction book. **manual de stilo** style guide, stylebook. **manual prima** primer, basic guide.

**manxa** *vt.* stain, blemish, blot, mar, tarnish, taint, sully, besmirch, stigmatize, deface, disfigure; smudge, smear. ● *n.* stain, blemish, blot, blotch, spot, fleck; smudge, smear; marking (*animals*, *plants*). **manxa de inca**inkblot. **manxa de larmas** tearstain. **manxa frotada** smudge, smear. **manxa solal** sunspot.

**manxeta** *n.* speckle.

**manxosa** *adj.* blotchy, smudgy, mottled, dappled.

**maoisme** [maoïsme] *n.* Maoism (*politics*).

**maoiste** [maoïste] *adj.* Maoist.

**maori** *adj.* & *n.* Maori.

**mapa** *vt.* map, chart. ● *n.* map, mapping, chart. **mapa de releva** relief map. **mapa linial** linear mapping.

**mapada** *adj.* mapped, charted.

**mar** *n.* sea, ocean. **a mar** at sea, offshore. **en la mar** in the sea, overboard. **mar alta** high seas, open ocean, open sea, main. **su mar** *adj.* submarine, undersea. ● *adv.* under the sea.

**marabu** [marabú] *n.* marabou (*bird*: *Leptoptilos crumeniferus*).

**marabut** *n.* marabout (*monk*).

**maraca** *n.* maraca (*musical instrument*).

**Maracaibo, Lago** *n.* Lake Maracaibo.

**Marajo** *n.* Marajó (*island*).

**maral** *adj.* marine, oceanic, maritime, seagoing.

**marania** *vt.* entangle, tangle, mat, snarl, mess up. ● *n.* tangle, mess; thicket.

**maraniada** *adj.* tangled, matted, messy. **maraniada en jelo** icebound. **maraniada en trafica** stuck in traffic.

**maranta** *n.* arrowroot (*plant*: *Maranta arundinacea*).

**marascino** *n.* maraschino (*drink*).

**marati** *adj.* & *n.* Marathi (*person*, *language*).

**maraton** *n.* marathon.

**marca** *vt.* mark, stamp, characterize, typify; select, flag, highlight (*text*). ● *n.* mark, stamp, brand (*commercial*), characterization, identifier; marking (*animals*, *plants*). **marca comersial** trademark. **marca como paiada** frank, mark as paid. **marca de colpa** weal, wheal, welt. **marca de cualia** hallmark. **marca de orea** earmark. **marca de paia** mark of payment, frank, franking mark. **marca postal** postmark.

**marcada** *adj.* marked. **marcada par** characterized by, involving.

**marcador** *n.* marker, stamp.

**marcesa** *n.* marchioness, marquise.

**Marcesas, Isolas** *n.pl.* Marquesas Islands.

**marci** *n.* marquess, marquis, margrave.

**marcia** *n.* march (*land*).

**marea**¹ *vi.* feel dizzy, feel giddy, feel woozy. ● *vt.* make dizzy.

**marea**² *n.* tide. **marea alta** high tide. **marea basa** low tide. **marea forte** riptide.

**mareada** *adj.* dizzy, giddy, groggy, woozy.

**mareal** *adj.* tidal.

**mareante** *adj.* dizzying.

**mareria** *n.* oceanarium.

**marexal** *n.* marshal (*officer*).

**marga** *n.* marl (*soil*).

**margarina** *n.* margarine, marge, oleo.

**margarita**¹ *n.* daisy (*plant*: *Bellis*).

**margarita**² *n.* margarita (*drink*).

**Margarita**³ *n.* Margarita Island.

**Mariana** *n.* Mariana. **Isolas Mariana** Marianas.

**mariatxi** *n.* mariachi (*music*).

**marieta** *n.* ladybird, ladybug, lady beetle (*Coccinellidae*).

**marimba** *n.* marimba (*musical instrument*).

**marin** *adj.* sealike, salty, briny, brackish. ● *n.* brine, salty water.

**marina** *n.* navy, fleet, armada.

**marinal** *adj.* naval.

**marinara** *n.* marinara (*sauce*).

**marineta** *n.* flotilla.

**marini** *vt.* marinate in brine, marinade, pickle, brine.

**marinida** *adj.* marinated, marinaded, pickled, brined.

**marinor** *n.* sailor, seaman, mariner; marine.

**marioneta** *n.* marionette.

**marionetor** *n.* marionettist.

**marjin** *n.* margin.

**marjinal** *adj.* marginal.

**marjini** *vt.* marginalize. ● *n.* marginalization.

**marlin** *n.* marlin (*fish*: *Istiophoridae*).

**Marmara** *n.* Marmara (*island*). **Mar Marmara** Marmara Sea.

**marmelada** *n.* marmalade.

**marmo** *n.* marble. **de marmo** (*made of*) marble.

**marmota** *n.* marmot (*rodent*).

**marocan** *adj.* & *n.* Moroccan.

**Maroco** *n.* Morocco. See *Magrib*.

**marolojia** *n.* oceanology, oceanography.

**marolojiste** *n.* oceanologist, oceanographer.

**maror** *n.* seafarer, sailor.

**marsupial** *adj.* & *n.* marsupial.

**marsupio** *n.* marsupium, pouch.

**martan** *adj.* & *n.* Martian.

**Marte** *n.* Mars (*mythology*, *planet*).

**martedi** *n.* Tuesday.

**martel** *n.* hammer, mallet; hammer, dog, cock (*gun*); malleus. **martel de aira** pneumatic drill, jackhammer.**martel mol** mallet.

**martelable** *adj.* malleable.

**marteleta** *n.* mallet; gavel.

**marteli** *vt.* hammer.

**martelon** *n.* sledgehammer.

**martes** *n.* marten (*animal*: *Martes*).

**martin** *n.* martin (*bird*: *Hirundinidae*).

**martini** *n.* martini (*drink*).

**Martinic** *n.* Martinique (*island*).

**martinices** *adj.* & *n.* Martiniquan.

**martir** *n.* martyr.

**martiri** *vi.* & *vt.* martyr.

**martiria** *n.* martyrdom.

**marto** *n.* March.

**marxa** *vi.* march; stride. ● *n.* march. **marxa funeral** funeral march.

**marxisme** *n.* Marxism.

**marxiste** *n.* Marxist.

**Maryland** *n.* Maryland (*US state*).

**mas** *adj.* & *n.* male.

**masa** *n.* mass, lump, clot, clod, blob (*shapeless piece*); mass (*physics*).

**masacra** *vt.* & *n.* massacre, slaughter, bloodbath.

**masai** *adj.* & *n.* Maasai, Masai (*person*, *language*).

**masaje** *vt.* & *n.* massage.

**masajor** *n.* masseur, masseuse.

**masapan** *n.* marzipan.

**masca** *n.* mask, face mask. **masca medical** medical mask, face mask.

**mascarpone** *n.* mascarpone (*cheese*).

**masci** *vt.* mask.

**mascita** *n.* mosque.

**mascote** *n.* mascot.

**maseta** *n.* small mass, lump, clot.

**masi**¹ *vi.* form lumps, become lumpy, clot up. ● *vt.* make lumpy, clot up.

**masi-**² *pref.* maxi-.

**masia** *n.* maleness, masculinity, machismo.

**masif** *n.* massif (*geology*).

**masila** *n.* maxilla (*bone*).

**masima** *adj.* maximum, maximal, most. ● *adv.* at most. ● *n.* maximum, most.

**masimi** *vi.* & *vt.* maximize, optimize. ● *n.* maximization, optimization.

**masin** *adj.* masculine, boyish, butch.

**masiosa** *adj.* macho, virile.

**masis** *n.* mace (*spice*).

**masocisme** *n.* masochism.

**masociste** *adj.* masochistic. ● *n.* masochist.

**masosa** *adj.* massive, bulky, unwieldy, cumbersome.

**Massachusetts** [masatxúsets] *n.* Massachusetts (*US state*).

**mastectomia** *n.* mastectomy (*surgery*).

**mastica**¹ *vt.* chew, munch, masticate.

**mastica**² *n.* mastic (*tree*, *resin*: *Pistacia lentiscus*).

**mastin** *n.* mastiff. **mastin deutx** Great Dane.

**masto** *n.* mast. **masto florinte** spike, flower cluster. **masto posmedial** mizzenmast. **masto xef** mainmast.

**mastoide** *adj.* mastoid (*anatomy*). ● *n.* mastoid process.

**mastosite** *n.* mast cell, mastocyte (*biology*).

**masturba** *vt.* masturbate. ● *n.* masturbation, onanism.

**mata** *vt.* kill, exterminate, execute, slaughter, butcher, slay. ● *n.* killing, extermination, execution, slaughter.**mata la debiles** cull. **mata sin intende** *v.* & *n.* manslaughter. **matas per venja** tit-for-tat killings, retaliation killings.

**mataderia** *n.* abattoir, slaughterhouse.

**matador** *n.* killing machine.

**matajoia** *n.* killjoy, spoilsport, wet blanket; (*plot*) spoiler.

**matante** *adj.* deadly, fatal, lethal, mortal, homicidal.

**mate**¹ *adj.* matte, matt (*dull*).

**mate**² *n.* maté (*drink*).

**matematica** *n.* mathematics. **matematica computal** computational mathematics.

**matematical** *adj.* mathematical.

**matematiciste** *n.* mathematician.

**materas** *n.* mattress. **materas de palia** straw mattress, pallet. **materas de plumas** feather mattress, featherbed. **materas inflable** air mattress, air bed, lilo.

**materasi** *vt.* pad, upholster.

**materi** *vi.* & *vt.* materialize. ● *n.* materialization.

**materia** *n.* matter, substance, material, stuff. **materia combustable** combustable material. **materia fisionable** fissionable material. **materia flamable** inflammable material. **materia usosa** useful material, grist.

**material** *adj.* material.

**materialisme** *n.* materialism.

**materialiste** *adj.* materialistic, acquisitive. ● *n.* materialist.

**matina** *n.* morning, morn. **a esta matina** this morning. **a matina** in the morning. **a matina doman**tomorrow morning. **a matina ier** yesterday morning. **a matina oji** this morning.

**matini** *vi.* dawn, become day, become morning. ● *n.* dawn, daybreak; threshold (*metaphor*).

**mator** *n.* killer; matador. **mator en serie** serial killer.

**matriarca** *n.* matriarch.

**matriarcia** *n.* matriarchy.

**matrilinia** *n.* matrilineage.

**matrilinial** *adj.* matrilineal.

**matrioxca** *n.* matryoshka (*doll*).

**matris** *n.* matrix (*mathematical*), two-dimensional array.

**matur** *adj.* mature, ripe; adult, grown-up; aged. **sesal matur** sexually mature, nubile. **temprana matur**precocious. **tro matur** overripe.

**maturi** *vi.* & *vt.* mature, ripen; grow up. **maturi sesal** puberty.

**maturia** *n.* maturity.

**maturinte** *adj.* maturing, ripening. **sesal maturinte** pubescent.

**matxete** *n.* machete (*knife*).

**maurian** *adj.* & *n.* Mauryan (*dynasty*).

**Mauris** *n.* Mauritius.

**maurisian** *adj.* & *n.* Mauritian.

**mausoleo** *n.* mausoleum.

**max** *n.* match, game. **max desidente** play-off.

**maxa** *vt.* mash, crush, pulp, squash, squish.

**maxador** *n.* masher, crusher, pulper. **maxador de patata** potato masher.

**maxia** *n.* messiah.

**maxial** *adj.* messianic.

**maximin** *n.* maximin (*game theory*).

**maxo** *adj.* macho.

**mazaua** *adj.* & *n.* Mazahua (*person*, *language*).

**mazurca** *n.* mazurka (*dance*, *music*).

**me** *pron.* I; me. **la otras de me** my other selves. **la plu joven de me** my younger self.

**mea** *det.* my. **la mea** mine.

**meato** *n.* meatus (*anatomy*).

**mecanica** *n.* mechanics. **mecanica cuantal** quantum mechanics. **mecanica de sielo** celestial mechanics.

**mecanical** *adj.* mechanical.

**mecanicisme** *n.* mechanism (*science*, *philosophy*).

**mecaniciste** *adj.* mechanistic. ● *n.* mechanist.

**mecanoresetador** *n.* mechanoreceptor (*neuron*).

**Mecong, Rio** *n.* Mekong River.

**mecotero** *n.* scorpion fly (*Mecoptera*).

**medalia** *n.* medal.

**medalion** *n.* medallion. **medalion ronda** roundel.

**medaliste** *n.* medallist (US medalist). **medaliste de oro** gold medallist (US medalist).

**media**¹ *adj.* middle, middling, medium, intermediate. ● *n.* middle, centre (US center), median, halfway point, midsection, midst. ● *pref.* mid- (*added to nouns: midpoint*); e.g. *mediadia*. **a media** in the middle, midway.**a media de** in the middle of, midway through. **media de anio** midyear. **media de barcon** midship.**media de matina** midmorning. **media de periodo** midperiod, midterm. **media de rio** midstream.**media de semana** midweek.

**media**² *n.* means (*of doing*); measure (*course of action*); medium (*of communication*). **medias** media (*including mass communications*). **medias fluente** streaming media. **medias publica** mass media.**medias sever** austerity measures.

**Media**³ *n.* Media (*ancient region*).

**mediadia** [mediadía] *n.* midday, noon, noontime.

**mediaestate** *n.* midsummer.

**mediainverno** *n.* midwinter.

**mediajua** [mediajúa] *n.* halftime.

**medianote** *n.* midnight. **pos medianote** after midnight, in the dead of night, in the middle of the night.

**mediapunto** *n.* midpoint.

**mediasoprano** *adj.* & *n.* mezzo-soprano.

**mediatinje** *n.* midtone, halftone, mezzotint.

**mediatrimestre** *n.* half-term (*holiday*).

**medica** *n.* medicine (*profession*).

**medical** *adj.* medical.

**mediciste** *n.* medic, doctor, physician. **mediciste abitante** resident (*medical graduate*). **mediciste clinical**clinician. **mediciste comensante** intern (*medical graduate*). **mediciste forense** coroner.

**medieval** *adj.* medieval. **eda medieval** middle ages.

**mediocre** *adj.* mediocre, ordinary, average, middling, uninspired, undistinguished, indifferent, unexceptional, unexciting, unremarkable, run-of-the-mill, pedestrian, prosaic, lacklustre (US lackluster), forgettable. **obra mediocre** mediocre work, potboiler.

**mediocria** *n.* mediocrity.

**medisin** *n.* medicine (*drugs*), medication. **medisin de fertilia** fertility drug. **medisin enspirable** inhalant.**medisin inferior** nostrum. **medisin lejerinte** palliative.

**medisinal** *adj.* medicinal.

**medisini** *vt.* medicate.

**medisinida** *adj.* medicated, on medication.

**medita** *vi.* meditate. ● *n.* meditation.

**mediteranean** *adj.* Mediterranean.

**Mediteraneo** *n.* Mediterranean (*region*). **Basin Mediteraneo** Mediterranean Basin. **Mar Mediteraneo**Mediterranean Sea.

**medula** *n.* marrow, medulla, pith. **medula de oso** bone marrow. **medula spinal** spinal cord.

**medulosa** *adj.* pithy.

**medusa**¹ *n.* jellyfish, medusa (*Medusozoa*).

**Medusa**² *n.* Medusa (*mythology*).

**mega-** *pref.* mega- (*large*, *a million*).

**megabait** *n.* megabyte, meg.

**megafon** *n.* megaphone, bullhorn, loudhailer.

**-megalia** *n.suff.* -megaly (*medical*).

**megalital** *adj.* megalithic.

**megalito** *n.* megalith.

**megalo-** *pref.* megalo- (*large*).

**megalomania** *n.* megalomania.

**megalomanica** *adj.* megalomaniacal. ● *n.* megalomaniac.

**megatero** *n.* humpback whale (*Megaptera novaeangliae*).

**meiose** *n.* meiosis (*biology*).

**melaiu** *adj.* & *n.* Malay (*person*, *language*).

**melamina** *n.* melamine (*plastic*).

**melancolia** *n.* melancholy, melancholia.

**melancolica** *adj.* melancholy, melancholic, melancholiac. ● *n.* melancholiac.

**Melanesia** *n.* Melanesia.

**melanesian** *adj.* Melanesian.

**melanin** *n.* melanin.

**melano-** *pref.* melano- (*black*).

**melanoma** *n.* melanoma, melanocarcinoma (*tumour*).

**melanose** *n.* melanosis (*medical*).

**melanosite** *n.* melanocyte (*biology*).

**melasa** *n.* molasses, treacle. **melasa oro** golden syrup.

**melasin** *adj.* treacly.

**melatonina** *n.* melatonin (*hormone*).

**melma** *n.* slime, scum, gunge, gunk, goo, goop, gloop, glop.

**melmi** *vt.* slime, gunge.

**melmosa** *adj.* slimy, scummy, gungy, gooey, goopy, gloopy.

**melodia** *n.* melody, tune.

**melodica** *n.* melodica (*musical instrument*).

**melodiosa** *adj.* melodious, melodic, tuneful, singsong.

**melodrama** *n.* melodrama.

**melodramosa** *adj.* melodramatic.

**melon** *n.* melon (*Cucumis*). **melon acuosa** watermelon (*Citrullus lanatus*). **melon de inverno** honeydew melon.

**melonjena** *n.* aubergine, eggplant (*Solanum melongena*).

**mem** *n.* meme.

**membrana** *n.* membrane, web. **membrana mucosa** mucous membrane.

**membranin** *adj.* membranous, membranelike.

**membranosa** *adj.* membranous, webbed.

**membro** *n.* member (*group*), fellow (*society*), affiliate; limb (*arm*, *leg*).

**memorable** *adj.* memorable.

**memori** *vt.* memorize, remember, commit to memory. ● *n.* memorization. See *recorda*.

**memoria** *n.* memory (*as a capacity*; *including computer*). **de memoria** from memory (*without notes*), by rote. **memoria de dura corta** short-term memory, STM. **memoria de dura longa** long-term memory, LTM. **memoria de state solida** solid-state drive. **memoria flax** flash memory. **memoria sensal**sensory memory, very-short-term memory, VSTM. **memoria vivin** eidetic memory.

**menasa** *vt.* threaten, menace, intimidate, loom, browbeat; e.g. *el ia menasa me con colpa*. ● *n.* threat, menace, intimidation, duress. **su menasa de fusil** at gunpoint.

**menasante** *adj.* threatening, ominous, forbidding, portentous.

**mendelevio** *n.* mendelevium (*element*).

**mendelisme** *n.* mendelianism (*genetics*).

**mendeliste** *n.* mendelian, mendelianist.

**mendica** *vt.* beg, scrounge, panhandle. ● *n.* begging.

**mendicor** *n.* beggar.

**mendicorin** *adj.* beggarly, beggarlike.

**menestrel** *n.* minstrel, troubadour.

**meninjal** *adj.* meningeal.

**meninje** *n.* meninge (*anatomy*).

**meninjite** *n.* meningitis.

**menir** *n.* menhir (*standing stone*).

**meniscal** *adj.* meniscal.

**menisco** *n.* meniscus.

**menonita** *adj.* & *n.* Mennonite.

**menonitisme** *n.* Mennonitism (*Christianity*).

**menopausa** *n.* menopause.

**menora** *n.* menorah (*candelabrum*).

**menorea** *n.* menorrhoea (US menorrhea).

**mensal** *adj.* monthly.

**mense** *n.* month; e.g. *la mense agosto*. **per mense** per month, a month.

**menstrua** *n.* menstruation, period. **menstrua prima** menarche.

**menstrual** *adj.* menstrual.

**menstrui** *vt.* menstruate.

**mensula** *n.* corbel (*architecture*).

**menta** *n.* mint (*plant*: *Mentha*). **menta fresca** spearmint (*Mentha spicata*). **menta peperin** peppermint.

**mental** *adj.* mental.

**mentalisme** *n.* mentalism (*philosophy*, *psychic*).

**mentaliste** *adj.* mentalistic. ● *n.* mentalist.

**mente** *n.* mind. **con mente clar** clear-headed. **de la mesma mente** like-minded. **de mente debil** weak-minded, feeble-minded. **de mente simple** simple-minded.

**menteta** *n.* fib, white lie.

**menti** *vt.* lie, tell a lie. ● *n.* lie; mendacity. **menti jigante** whopper.

**mentin** *adj.* minty.

**mentinte** *adj.* lying, untruthful, mendacious.

**mento** *n.* chin.

**mentol** *n.* menthol.

**mentor** *n.* liar.

**menu** [menú] *n.* menu; programme (US program), agenda. **menu cadente** drop-down menu. **menu cascadente** cascading menu.

**menur** *n.* lyrebird (*Menura*).

**mera** *adj.* mere; e.g. *nos es mortales mera*; *la pensa mera de comeda ia repulsa el*. ● *adv.* merely, only, just, simply, purely, not much more than; e.g. *la sona ia es mera la tona*.

**merbromina** *n.* merbromin, mercurochrome (*antiseptic*).

**mercatiste** *adj.* marketing (*company*, *expert*).

**mercato** *n.* market, emporium, mart. **mercato de pulgas** flea market. **mercato otimiste** bull market.**mercato pesimiste** bear market.

**mercator** *n.* merchant, market trader.

**mercurdi** *n.* Wednesday.

**Mercurio** *n.* Mercury (*mythology*, *planet*). **mercurio** *n.* mercury, quicksilver.

**merda** *n.* (*colloquial*) shit, crap, turd (*dung*, *anything worthless*); (*insult*) arsehole (US asshole). **merda de bove** (*colloquial*) bullshit, bollocks (*nonsense*).

**merdi** *vt.* (*colloquial*) shit.

**merenge**¹ *n.* meringue (*dessert*).

**merenge**² *n.* meringue (*Dominican dance*, *music*). **merenge aitian** méringue (*Haitian dance*, *music*).

**meridiano** *n.* meridian.

**merita** *vt.* deserve, merit, be worthy of, warrant, justify, be due, be owed, be entitled to. ● *n.* merit, worth; entitlement, desert.

**meritada** *adj.* deserved, merited, justified.

**meritante** *adj.* deserving, worthy, entitled. **meritante la labora** worthwhile, worth the effort, worth the trouble.

**meritocrata** *adj.* meritocratic. ● *n.* meritocrat.

**meritocratia** *n.* meritocracy.

**merlan** *n.* whiting (*fish*: *Merlangius merlangus*).

**merlo** *n.* blackbird (*Turdus merula*, *Agelaius phoeniceus*).

**merlon** *n.* merlon, battlement, embattlement, crenellation, castellation (*architecture*).

**merloni** *vt.* crenellate, castellate.

**merlonida** *adj.* crenellated, castellated.

**merlonin** *adj.* crenellated.

**merlusa** *n.* hake (*fish*: *Merluccius*).

**mero** *n.* grouper (*fish*: *Serranidae*).

**mersenaria** *n.* quahog, hard clam (*mollusc*: *Mercenaria mercenaria*).

**mersenario** *n.* mercenary (*soldier*).

**mertensia** *n.* bluebell (*plant*: *Mertensia*).

**mervelia** *vi.* marvel, wonder, be astonished. ● *vt.* astonish, amaze. ● *n.* marvel, miracle.

**merveliosa** *adj.* marvellous (US marvelous), wonderful, awe-inspiring, awesome, majestic, magnificent, glorious, superb, splendid, sublime.

**mesaje** *n.* message. **mesaje pronto** instant message.

**mesajeta** *n.* text message, text, SMS.

**mesaji** *vt.* message, send as a message, text. ● *n.* messaging, texting. **mesaji pronto** instant messaging.

**mesajor** *n.* messenger, courier.

**mescal** *n.* mescal, mezcal (*drink*).

**mescalina** *n.* mescaline (*drug*).

**mescite** *n.* mesquite, mezquite (*plant*: *Prosopis*).

**mesensefalo** *n.* midbrain, mesencephalon (*anatomy*).

**mesenterio** *n.* mesentery (*anatomy*).

**mesma** *adj.* (*prenominal*) same, identical. ● *adv.* -self (*emphasising the preceding noun or pronoun*). **el mesma** he himself, she herself (*non-reflexive*). **en la mesma modo** in the same way. **la re mesma** the king himself. **lo es la mesma per cadun** one size fits all. **lo mesma** it itself (*non-reflexive*). **los mesma**they themselves (*non-reflexive*). **me mesma** I myself (*emphatic*). **nos mesma** we ourselves (*emphatic*).**par sola se mesma** singlehandedly. **se mesma** himself, herself, itself, themselves (*emphatically reflexive*).**tu mesma** you yourself. **vos mesma** you yourselves.

**meso-** *pref.* meso- (*middle*).

**Mesoamerica** *n.* Mesoamerica.

**mesofilia** *n.* mesophilia (*biology*).

**mesofilica** *adj.* mesophilic. ● *n.* mesophile.

**mesolitica** *adj.* & *n.* Mesolithic (*geology*).

**mesomisetozon** *n.* mesomycetozoon (pl. mesomycetomozoea) (*organism*: *Mesomycetozoea*).

**meson** *n.* meson (*particle*).

**Mesopotamia** *n.* Mesopotamia.

**mesotelial** *adj.* mesothelial.

**mesotelio** *n.* mesothelium (*anatomy*).

**mesotelioma** *n.* mesothelioma.

**mesozoica** *adj.* & *n.* Mesozoic (*geology*).

**mesozon** *n.* mesozoan (*worm*).

**mestral** *adj.* master.

**mestre** *n.* master; teacher, mentor; maestro, virtuoso. **mestre de selebras** master of ceremonies, MC, emcee, showman.

**mestresa** *n.* mistress.

**mestri** *vt.* master.

**mestria** *n.* mastery.

**mestrin** *adj.* masterful, masterly.

**mesura** *vt.* measure. ● *n.* measure, measurement, dimension; bar (*music*). **mesuras** measurements, dimensions.

**mesurable** *adj.* measurable.

**mesurador** *n.* measuring device, meter.

**met-** *pref.* meth- (*chemistry*).

**meta-** *pref.* meta-.

**metabolal** *adj.* metabolic.

**metaboli** *vi.* & *vt.* metabolize. ● *n.* metabolism.

**metabolite** *n.* metabolite (*biology*).

**metacarpal** *adj.* metacarpal.

**metacarpo** *n.* metacarpus (*bones*).

**metacualona** *n.* methaqualone, quaalude (*drug*).

**metadatos** *n.pl.* metadata.

**metadon** *n.* methadone (*painkiller*).

**metafisica** *n.* metaphysics.

**metafisical** *adj.* metaphysical.

**metafisiciste** *n.* metaphysician.

**metafor** *adj.* metaphorical, metaphoric, figurative. ● *n.* metaphor, trope.

**metal** *adj.* metal, metallic. ● *n.* metal. **arte de metal** metalwork, metalworking. **metal resiclable** scrap, scrap metal.

**metalin** *adj.* metallic, metal-like.

**metalor** *n.* metalworker.

**metalurjia** *n.* metallurgy.

**metalurjial** *adj.* metallurgical.

**metalurjiste** *n.* metallurgist.

**metamfetamina** *n.* methamphetamine, meth.

**metano** *n.* methane.

**metanol** *n.* methanol.

**metastase** *vi.* metastasize (*medical*). ● *n.* metastasis.

**metatarsal** *adj.* metatarsal.

**metatarso** *n.* metatarsus (*bones*).

**metazon** *n.* metazoon (pl. metazoa) (*member of the animal kingdom*: *Metazoa*, *Animalia*).

**meteor** *n.* meteor.

**meteorin** *adj.* meteoric.

**meteorite** *n.* meteorite.

**meteorolojia** *n.* meteorology.

**meteorolojial** *adj.* meteorological.

**meteorolojiste** *n.* meteorologist.

**metil** *n.* methyl (*chemistry*).

**metodisme** *n.* Methodism (*Christianity*).

**metodiste** *adj.* & *n.* Methodist.

**metodo** *n.* method, manner, way, technique, means. **par sua propre metodo** on one’s own terms.

**metodolojia** *n.* methodology.

**metodosa** *adj.* methodical.

**metonim** *adj.* metonym (*substitution of name*).

**metonimia** *n.* metonymy.

**metraje** *n.* footage (*film*).

**metral** *adj.* metric.

**metre**¹ *n.* metre (US meter) (*unit of length*, *poetry*).

**-metre**² *n.suff.* -meter (*measuring tool*).

**-metria** *n.suff.* -metry (*measuring*).

**metro** *n.* subway, underground.

**metronomo** *n.* metronome.

**mexa** *n.* lock (*hair*), tuft, hank, wisp; wick; fuse (*bomb*). **con mexa** tufted.

**mexican** *adj.* & *n.* Mexican.

**Mexico** *n.* Mexico. **Golfo Mexico** Gulf of Mexico. **Mexico Nova** New Mexico (*US state*).

**mexin** *adj.* tuftlike, tufty.

**mezuza** *n.* mezuzah (*parchment*).

**mi** *n.* mi (*musical note*).

**Miama** *n.* Myanmar, Burma. **miama** *adj.* & *n.* Burmese (*person*, *language*). See *Burma*, *burman*.

**miasma** *n.* miasma (*vapour*).

**miastenia** *n.* myasthenia (*medical*).

**miau** *interj.* miaow, meow.

**miau-iau** *adj.* & *n.* Miao-Yao, Hmong-Mien (*person*, *language*).

**miaui** *vi.* miaow, meow, mew.

**mica** *n.* mica (*mineral*).

**Michigan** [míxigan] *n.* Michigan (*US state*). **Lago Michigan** Lake Michigan.

**micolojia** *n.* mycology.

**micolojial** *adj.* mycological.

**micolojiste** *n.* mycologist.

**micro-** *pref.* micro- (*small*, *a millionth*).

**microarciteta** *n.* microarchitecture.

**microbio** *n.* microbe, bug, germ, virus; glitch, defect (*electronic*). **sin microbios** germfree.

**microbiolojia** *n.* microbiology.

**microbiolojiste** *n.* microbiologist.

**microcosmo** *n.* microcosm.

**microcredito** *n.* microcredit.

**microfarade** *n.* microfarad.

**microfilma** *n.* microfilm.

**microfon** *n.* microphone, mic, mike.

**microlito** *n.* microlith (*geology*).

**micrometre** *n.* micrometre (US micrometer) (*unit of length*); micrometer (*measuring tool*).

**micron** *n.* micron (*unit of length*).

**Micronesia** *n.* Micronesia. **Statos Federada de Micronesia** Federated States of Micronesia.

**micronesian** *adj.* & *n.* Micronesian.

**microonda** *n.* microwave.

**microplastica** *n.* microplastic.

**microscopial** *adj.* microscopic.

**microscopio** *n.* microscope. **Microscopio** *n.* Microscopium (*constellation*).

**microsefalia** *n.* microcephaly (*medical*).

**microsefalica** *adj.* microcephalic, microcephalous.

**microsirurjia** *n.* microsurgery.

**microtelia** *n.* microchip, chip.

**microtomia** *n.* microtomy.

**microtomo** *n.* microtome (*slicing tool*).

**miel** *n.* honey.

**mielada** *n.* honeydew (*substance*).

**mielifaje** *n.* honeyeater (*bird*: *Meliphagidae*).

**mielin**¹ *n.* myelin (*biology*).

**mielin**² *n.* honey, sweetheart.

**mieloide** *adj.* myeloid (*anatomy*).

**mieloma** *n.* myeloma (*medical*).

**mielosite** *n.* myelocyte (*biology*).

**migra** *vi.* & *vt.* migrate. ● *n.* migration, immigration, emigration. **migra a** immigrate to. **migra de** emigrate from.

**migrania** *n.* migraine.

**migrante** *adj.* migrating. ● *n.* migrant.

**migror** *n.* immigrant, emigrant.

**mil** *det.* (*a*) thousand. ● *adj.* thousandth (*ordinal*). **miles** thousands.

**milan** *n.* kite (*bird*: *Elaninae*, *Milvinae*).

**milenialisme** *n.* millennialism.

**milenio** *n.* millennium.

**milflor** *n.* millefleurs, millefiori (*art*).

**milfolia** *n.* yarrow (*plant*: *Achillea millefolium*).

**mili** *vi.* & *vt.* split into a thousand parts. ● *n.* thousandth (*fraction*). ● *pref.* milli- (*a thousandth*).

**milia** *n.* mile. **milia engles** English mile. **milia maral** nautical mile. **milia roman antica** Roman mile.

**miligram** *n.* milligram.

**mililitre** *n.* millilitre (US milliliter).

**milimetre** *n.* millimetre (US millimeter).

**milio** *n.* millet (*plant*: *Gramineae*, esp. *Panicum miliaceum*, *Eleusine caracana*, *Pennisetum glaucum*).

**milion** *det.* (*a*) million. ● *adj.* millionth (*ordinal*). **miliones** millions.

**milioni** *vi.* & *vt.* split into a million parts. ● *n.* millionth (*fraction*).

**milionor** *n.* millionaire.

**milipede** *n.* millipede (*Diplopoda*).

**militar** *adj.* military, militaristic. ● *n.* serviceman, servicewoman; (*the*) military (*organization*). **artes militar**martial arts. **militares** (*the*) military. **servi militar** military service.

**militari** *vi.* & *vt.* militarize. ● *n.* militarization.

**militarisme** *n.* militarism.

**militariste** *adj.* militant. ● *n.* militarist, militant.

**militia** *n.* militia.

**militior** *n.* militiaman, militia member, minuteman.

**mima** *vt.* mime, pantomime, imitate. ● *n.* mime, pantomime, mimesis, mimicry, imitation.

**mimeograf** *n.* mimeograph.

**mimeografia** *n.* mimeography.

**mimor** *n.* mime, mimer (*person*); mockingbird, catbird, thrasher (*Mimidae*).

**mimosa** *n.* mimosa (*plant*: *Mimosa*, *Acacia dealbata*).

**min** *det.* less, fewer; e.g. *min enerjia*; *min persones*. ● *adv.* less; e.g. *min alta ca*. ● *conj.* minus (*arithmetic*). **a la min** at least, as a minimum. **la min** least; e.g. *la lia la min forte*. **la min de** least, fewest, the minority of.**min … min** the less … the less; e.g. *min lo pluve, min la teto gotea*; *min bon es la problem, plu bon es la solve*; *min los ave, plu los vole*. **min ca nun** second to none. **min e min** less and less, ever less.

**mina** *vt.* mine. ● *n.* mining.

**minareta** *n.* minaret (*mosque tower*).

**Mindanao** *n.* Mindanao (*island*).

**Mindoro** *n.* Mindoro. **Streta Mindoro** Mindoro Strait.

**mineral** *adj.* mineral. ● *n.* mineral, ore.

**minerali** *vi.* & *vt.* mineralize. ● *n.* mineralization.

**mineralojia** *n.* mineralogy.

**mineralojial** *adj.* mineralogical.

**mineralojiste** *n.* mineralogist.

**mineria** *n.* mine.

**ming** *adj.* Ming (*dynasty*).

**mini-** *pref.* mini-.

**miniatur** *adj.* & *n.* miniature.

**miniaturi** *vt.* miniaturize. ● *n.* miniaturization.

**miniaturiste** *n.* miniaturist.

**minibus** *n.* minibus.

**minifalda** *n.* miniskirt.

**minima** *adj.* minimum, minimal, least; nominal (*cost*). ● *adv.* at least. ● *n.* minimum, least.

**minimax** *n.* minimax (*game theory*).

**minimi** *vi.* & *vt.* minimize, downplay, understate. ● *n.* minimization.

**minimisme** *n.* minimalism.

**minimiste** *adj.* & *n.* minimalist.

**minimoto** *n.* minibike (*motorcycle*).

**minio** *n.* minium, red lead (*pigment*).

**minipantala** *n.* hotpants, short shorts, booty shorts; (*underwear*) boyshorts, boxer briefs.

**miniserie** *n.* miniseries.

**minislip** *n.* minibriefs, bikini briefs, tanga briefs.

**ministral** *adj.* ministerial.

**ministreria** *n.* ministry.

**ministro** *n.* minister (*government*). **ministro de esternas** foreign minister, foreign secretary, secretary of state for foreign affairs. **ministro de internas** home secretary, secretary of state for internal affairs.**ministro xef** prime minister, chancellor.

**Minnesota** *n.* Minnesota (*US state*).

**minor** *adj.* minor, slight; junior, the younger (*in names*). ● *n.* minor.

**minori** *vi.* & *vt.* convert to lowercase.

**minoria** *n.* minority.

**minotauro** *n.* minotaur.

**minueto** *n.* minuet (*dance*, *music*).

**minuto** *n.* minute.

**mio-** *pref.* myo- (*muscle*).

**miocardial** *adj.* myocardial.

**miope** *adj.* near-sighted, short-sighted, myopic.

**miopia** *n.* near-sightedness, short-sightedness, myopia.

**miosene** *adj.* & *n.* Miocene (*geology*).

**miosite** *n.* myocyte (*biology*).

**mira** *n.* myrrh (*tree*, *resin*: *Commiphora myrrha*).

**miracle** *n.* miracle.

**miraclor** *n.* miracleworker.

**miraclosa** *adj.* miraculous.

**miraje** *n.* mirage.

**mirandes** *adj.* & *n.* Mirandes (*person*, *language*).

**miriapodo** *n.* myriapod (*arthropod*).

**mirica** *n.* bayberry (*plant*, *berry*: *Myrica gale*).

**miror** *n.* mirror. **miror de retrovista** rear-view mirror.

**mirori** *vt.* mirror.

**mirto** *n.* myrtle (*plant*: *Myrtus*).

**misa** *n.* mass (*religious*). **misa de moria** requiem.

**misantrope** *adj.* misanthropic. ● *n.* misanthrope, misanthropist.

**misantropia** *n.* misanthropy.

**misca** *vt.* mix, blend, jumble, scramble, intersperse; mingle; shuffle (*reorder*). ● *n.* mixture, miscellany, jumble, admixture, hodgepodge, hotchpotch, medley, melange, potpourri. **misca de razas** interbreeding, miscegenation.

**miscable** *adj.* miscible.

**miscada** *adj.* mixed, miscellaneous, assorted.

**miscador** *n.* blender, mixer, mixing machine. **miscador de beton** cement mixer.

**miselio** *n.* mycelium (*biology*).

**misera** *adj.* miserable, abject, wretched, piteous, pitiful, downtrodden, pathetic, squalid, crummy, lousy. ● *n.*wretch; fleabag.

**miseria** *n.* misery, abjection, abjectness, squalour (US squalor).

**misil** *n.* missile, projectile. **misil cruser** cruise missile. **misil de tera a aira** surface-to-air missile. **misil intercontinental** intercontinental missile. **misil luminante** flare.

**mision** *n.* mission, expedition. **mision fol** fool’s mission, fool’s errand.

**misioneria** *n.* mission (*station*).

**misioneta** *n.* errand.

**misionor** *n.* missionary.

**miso**¹ *n.* miso (*soup*).

**miso-**² *pref.* miso- (*hate*).

**misojine** *adj.* misogynistic. ● *n.* misogynist.

**misojinia** *n.* misogyny.

**Misre** *n.* Egypt. See *Egipte*.

**misri** *adj.* & *n.* Egyptian.

**Mississippi** *n.* Mississippi (*US state*). **Rio Mississippi** Mississippi River.

**Missouri** *n.* Missouri (*US state*). **Rio Missouri** Missouri River.

**misterio** *n.* mystery, enigma; whodunnit.

**misteriosa** *adj.* mysterious, uncanny.

**mistica** *adj.* mystic, mystical, esoteric. ● *n.* mystic.

**misticisme** *n.* mysticism.

**mistral** *n.* mistral (*wind*).

**mital** *adj.* mythical, mythic.

**mito** *n.* myth, legend.

**mitocondrial** *adj.* mitochondrial.

**mitocondrio** *n.* mitochondrion (pl. mitochondria) (*biology*).

**mitolojia** *n.* mythology.

**mitolojial** *adj.* mythological.

**mitose** *n.* mitosis (*biology*).

**mitra**¹ *n.* mitre (*hat*).

**Mitra**² *n.* Mithras, Mithra.

**mitraisme** [mitraïsme] *n.* mithraism.

**mitraiste** [mitraïste] *adj.* & *n.* mithraist.

**mitral** *adj.* mitral (*anatomy*).

**mitralia** *vt.* strafe.

**mitraliador** *n.* machine gun.

**mitralior** *n.* machine gunner.

**mixino** *n.* hagfish.

**mixna** *n.* Mishnah, Mishna (*Judaism*).

**mm** *interj.* hmm (*thinking*); mmm, yum (*tasty*).

**moa** *n.* moa (*bird*: *Dinornithidae*).

**mobila** *n.* piece of furniture, item of furniture. **mobila de vaso de note** commode. **mobilas** furniture, furnishings.

**mobileta** *n.* prop.

**mobili** *vt.* furnish.

**moca** *n.* mocha (*coffee*).

**mocasin** *n.* moccasin (*shoe*).

**moda** *n.* fashion, style, vogue, trend, fad; mood (*grammar*); mode (*software*, *statistics*). **a la moda** in fashion, cool, fashionable, stylish, trendy, chic, hot. **bolsa de moda** designer handbag. **de moda** in fashion, cool, fashionable, stylish, trendy, chic, hot. **de moda pasada** outdated, outmoded, out of fashion, old-fashioned.**moda de capeles** hairstyle. **moda dependente** conditional mood, irrealis mood. **moda indicante**indicative mood. **moda refinada** haute couture. **moda sujuntiva** subjunctive mood.

**modal** *adj.* modal; sartorial.

**model** *adj.* model, exemplary, archetypal. ● *n.* model, prototype, exemplar, example, archetype, pattern, standard, template, paradigm, mock-up; model (*art*, *fashion*). **model proportial** scale model.

**modeli** *vt.* model (*make a model of*; *display clothes*). ● *n.* modelling (US modeling).

**modem** *n.* modem.

**modera** *vt.* moderate, temper, mitigate. ● *n.* moderation, mitigation.

**moderada** *adj.* moderate, sparing, tempered, mitigated.

**moderante** *adj.* moderating, moderating. ● *n.* moderator (*substance*).

**moderna** *adj.* modern.

**moderni** *vi.* & *vt.* modernize, update, rework. ● *n.* modernization, retrofit.

**modernia** *n.* modernness, modernity.

**modernisme** *n.* modernism.

**moderniste** *n.* modernist.

**modernor** *n.* modernizer.

**moderor** *n.* moderator (*person*).

**modesta** *adj.* modest (*humble*, *avoiding impropriety*), unpretentious. **tro modesta** prudish.

**modiste** *n.* fashion designer, milliner, modiste, follower of fashion, fashionista.

**modo** *n.* manner, means, way (*of doing*); e.g. *en modo interesante*. **en multe modos** in many ways, multiply.**en no modo** by no means, in no way. **en no otra modo ca** in no other way than, just, simply, purely. **en otra modo** in another way, otherwise. **modo de parla** way of speaking, parlance. **modo de susta**livelihood, living. **modo de vive** way of life, lifestyle, approach to life.

**modosa** *adj.* fashionable, stylish, chic, groovy, snazzy.

**modula** *vt.* modulate. ● *n.* modulation.

**modulador** *n.* modulator.

**modulal** *adj.* modular.

**modulo** *n.* module; modulus. ● *prep.* modulo (*mathematics*); e.g. *17 modulo 5 es 2*. **modulo estendente**extension module.

**mofeta** *n.* skunk (*Mephitidae*).

**mofo** *n.* mould (US mold), mildew.

**mofosa** *adj.* mouldy (US moldy).

**mogano** *n.* mahogany (*tree*, *wood*: *Swietenia*). **de mogano** (*made of*) mahogany.

**mohair** *n.* mohair.

**Mohave, Deserto** *n.* Mojave Desert, Mohave Desert.

**moia** *vt.* wet. ● *n.* wetting.

**moiada** *adj.* wet, soaked, drenched.

**moisme** [moïsme] *n.* Mohism (*philosophy*).

**moiste** [moïste] *adj.* & *n.* Mohist.

**mol**¹ *adj.* soft (*not hard or tough*), squishy; tender. See *suave*.

**mol**² *n.* mole (*chemistry*).

**mola** *n.* spring. **cargada par mola** spring-loaded.

**molador** *n.* grinder.

**molda** *n.* mould (US mold), cast (*container*). **molda per pan** bread pan. **molda per tartes** pie pan, pie tin.**molda per tortas** cake pan.

**moldi** *vt.* mould (US mold), cast.

**moldida** *n.* moulding (US molding), casting; mould (US mold), cast (*moulded object*).

**Moldova** *n.* Moldova, Moldavia.

**moldovan** *adj.* & *n.* Moldovan.

**moldur** *n.* frame (*picture*), moulding (US molding), cornice. **moldur cablin** cable moulding (US molding).**moldur de solo** baseboard, skirting board. **moldur merlonin** dentil (*architecture*).

**moldurador** *n.* router (*carpentry tool*).

**mole** *vt.* grind, pound, pulverize, reduce to powder; gnash (*teeth*).

**molecula** *n.* molecule.

**moleculal** *adj.* molecular.

**molesta** *vt.* molest, harass, harry, hassle. ● *n.* molestation, harassment.

**moli** *vi.* soften; relent. ● *vt.* soften; tenderize.

**molia** *n.* softness.

**molibdeno** *n.* molybdenum (*element*).

**molin** *n.* mill. **molin de carne** meat grinder. **molin de peper** pepper mill, pepper grinder. **molin de rio**water mill. **molin de venta** windmill.

**molineta** *n.* toy windmill, pinwheel; turnstile.

**molini** *vt.* mill.

**molinor** *n.* miller.

**molo** *n.* pier, jetty, quay, quayside, wharf.

**molotro** *n.* cowbird (*Molothrus*).

**molusco** *n.* mollusc (US mollusk), shellfish (*Mollusca*).

**momental** *adj.* momentary.

**momento** *n.* moment, instant, jiffy, juncture; momentum. **de la momento** of the moment, du jour. **la bon momento** the right moment, the opportunity, the chance. **momento angulo** angular momentum.**momento de torse** torque. **momento linial** linear momentum.

**momi** *vi.* & *vt.* mummify. ● *n.* mummification.

**momia** *n.* mummy (*preserved*).

**monaces** *adj.* & *n.* Monacan.

**Monaco** *n.* Monaco.

**monal** *adj.* monetary.

**monarca** *n.* monarch, sovereign; monarch butterfly (*Danaus plexippus*).

**monarcal** *adj.* monarchic, monarchical, monarchistic.

**monarcia** *n.* monarchy, sovereignty.

**monarcisme** *n.* monarchism, royalism.

**monarciste** *adj.* monarchist, royalist.

**monax** *n.* woodchuck, groundhog, whistlepig (*rodent*: *Marmota monax*).

**moncal** *adj.* monastic.

**monce** *n.* monk, nun. **monce fema** nun. **monce mas** monk. **monce sever** ascetic.

**monceria** *n.* monastery, convent, abbey, cloister, nunnery, priory.

**moncin** *adj.* monkish.

**moncisme** *n.* monasticism.

**mone** *n.* money, cash, currency. **con mone** in cash. **mone blancida** laundered money. **mone de jua** play money, monopoly money. **mone falsa** counterfeit money. **mone fisical** cash, physical currency. **mone lavada** laundered money. **mone sanguosa** blood money. **mone susia** dirty money, lucre.

**monedula** *n.* jackdaw (*Coloeus monedula*).

**moneria** *n.* mint (*money*).

**moneta** *n.* coin.

**Mongol** *n.* Mongolia. **mongol** *adj.* & *n.* Mongolian.

**mongoloide** *adj.* mongoloid.

**monisme** *n.* monism (*philosophy*).

**moniste** *n.* monist.

**monito** *n.* monito del monte, chumaihuén, colocolo opossum (*marsupial*: *Dromiciops gliroides*).

**monitor** *n.* monitor. **monitor de glucosa** glucose monitor, blood-sugar monitor.

**monitori** *vt.* monitor, keep an eye on. ● *n.* monitoring, surveillance.

**mono-** *pref.* mono- (*one*).

**monoamina** *adj.* & *n.* monoamine (*chemistry*).

**monoblasto** *n.* monoblast (*biology*).

**monocini** *n.* monokini (*garment*).

**monocota** *n.* monocot, monocotyledon (*botany*).

**monocromata** *adj.* monochrome, monochromatic, black and white.

**monoculal** *adj.* monocular.

**monoculo** *n.* monocle.

**monocultiveria** *n.* monoculture, plantation.

**monoftongo** *n.* monophthong.

**monogama** *adj.* monogamous.

**monogamia** *n.* monogamy.

**monogamiste** *n.* monogamist.

**monografi** *vt.* monograph.

**monografia** *n.* monograph.

**monografiste** *n.* monographer.

**monolingual** *adj.* monolingual. ● *n.* monolingual, monolingual person.

**monolitin** *adj.* monolithic.

**monolito** *n.* monolith.

**monologo** *n.* monologue (US monolog), soliloquy.

**monomania** *n.* monomania.

**monomanica** *adj.* monomaniacal. ● *n.* monomaniac.

**monomer** *n.* monomer (*chemistry*).

**monomial** *adj.* monomial (*mathematics*).

**monomio** *n.* monomial (*mathematics*).

**mononucleose** *n.* mononucleosis (*medical*).

**monopoli** *vt.* monopolize, corner the market.

**monopolio** *n.* monopoly.

**monopolo** *n.* monopole (*particle*).

**monorel** *n.* monorail.

**monosacarido** *n.* monosaccharide, simple sugar.

**monosicle** *n.* unicycle, monocycle.

**monosido** *n.* monoxide. **monosido de carbono** carbon monoxide.

**monosilaba** *n.* monosyllable.

**monosilabal** *adj.* monosyllabic.

**monosite** *n.* monocyte (*biology*).

**monositopoiese** *n.* monocytopoiesis (*biology*).

**monoteisme** [monoteïsme] *n.* monotheism.

**monoteiste** [monoteïste] *adj.* monotheistic. ● *n.* monotheist.

**monotonia** *n.* monotony.

**monotono** *n.* monotone.

**monotonosa** *adj.* monotonous, dull, tedious, boring, stodgy.

**monson** *n.* monsoon.

**monstrin** *adj.* monstrous.

**monstrinia** *n.* monstrosity.

**monstro** *n.* monster. **monstro de Gila** Gila monster (*lizard*: *Heloderma suspectum*). **monstro jigante**behemoth.

**monta** *vt.* mount, ride, sit on, straddle. **monta la dorso** piggyback.

**Montana** *n.* Montana (*US state*).

**montania** *n.* mountains, mountainous area, highlands.

**montanial** *adj.* mountain, highland.

**montanior** *n.* mountain dweller, highlander, hillbilly.

**montaniosa** *adj.* mountainous.

**montante** *adj.* riding, straddling, astride; horseback, on horseback.

**monte** *n.* mount, mountain. **a monte** up, uphill, upstream, upward, upwards.

**montenegrin** *adj.* & *n.* Montenegrin.

**Montenegro** *n.* Montenegro. See *Tsernagora*.

**monton** *n.* heap, pile, mound; (*colloquial*) bunch, heap, host, load, shedload, ton (*large quantity*). **monton de dejetadas** garbage heap, rubbish heap, midden. **monton de fece** dunghill, midden. **monton de feno**haystack. **monton de formicas** anthill. **monton de neva** snowdrift. **un monton de** a lot of, a load of, lots of, loads of. **un monton de mone** a fortune. **un monton de ricia** a fortune.

**Montserat** *n.* Montserrat (*island*).

**montseratian** *adj.* & *n.* Montserratian.

**montur** *n.* mount, frame (*lens*), setting, bezel.

**monturi** *vt.* mount (*one thing on another*).

**monumental** *adj.* monumental, landmark.

**monumento** *n.* monument, memorial, landmark, sight; milestone. **monumento de rocas** cairn.

**mor** *adj.* dead, deceased. ● *n.* dead person, deceased, casualty. **Mar Mor** Dead Sea.

**mora** *n.* blackberry (*plant*, *berry*: *Rubus*).

**moral** *adj.* moral. **prinsipe moral** moral principle, moral. **regula moral** moral rule, moral.

**moralia** *n.* morality, morals. **sin moralia** amoral.

**moralisme** *n.* moralism, moralizing, priggery.

**moraliste** *adj.* moralistic, sanctimonious, self-righteous, priggish, puritanical. ● *n.* moralist, prig, prude.

**morbilio** *n.* measles.

**morbosa** *adj.* morbid.

**morbosia** *n.* morbidity.

**morde** *vt.* bite. **morde de pulga** fleabite. **morde de serpente** snakebite.

**moren** *n.* moraine (*geology*).

**morena** *n.* moray.

**morera** *n.* mulberry (*berry*).

**moreria** *n.* morgue, mortuary.

**morero** *n.* mulberry (*tree*: *Morus*).

**-morfe** *adj.suff.* -morph.

**morfem** *n.* morpheme.

**morfina** *n.* morphine.

**morfo-** *pref.* morpho-.

**morfolojia** *n.* morphology.

**morfolojial** *adj.* morphological.

**mori** *vi.* die, perish, pass away. ● *vt.* deaden. ● *n.* death, dying, decease, demise, fatality, casualty, mortality.**mori de famia** *v.* starve. ● *n.* starvation. **mori e destrui** death and destruction, carnage. **mori fetal**stillbirth. **pos mori** posthumous.

**moria** *n.* death (*being dead*).

**morida** *adj.* deadened.

**morinte** *adj.* dying, moribund.

**mormon** *adj.* & *n.* Mormon.

**mormonisme** *n.* Mormonism, Latter-day Saints.

**moro** *adj.* Moorish (*medieval*); Moro, Bangsamoro (*Philippine Muslim*). ● *n.* Moor; Moro. **Golfo Moro** Moro Gulf.

**morsa** *n.* walrus.

**morso** *n.* bit (*bridle*).

**mortal** *adj.* mortal, perishable.

**mortalia** *n.* mortality.

**mortasa** *n.* mortise (*of dovetail joint*).

**mortasi** *vt.* mortise.

**morteri** *vt.* mortar, grout.

**mortero** *n.* mortar, grout (*substance*); mortar (*gun*).

**morva** *n.* distemper (*disease*).

**mos** *n.* moss (*Bryophyta*).

**mosaica** *adj.* & *n.* mosaic.

**Mosambic** *n.* Mozambique. **Streta Mosambic** Mozambique Channel.

**mosambican** *adj.* & *n.* Mozambican.

**mosarabi** *adj.* Mozarabic. ● *n.* Mozarab.

**mosca** *n.* fly (*insect*: *Brachycera*). **Mosca** *n.* Musca (*constellation*). **mosca de carne** blowfly. **mosca de casa**housefly.

**mosceta** *n.* midge, gnat (*Nematocera*).

**moscete** *n.* musket (*gun*).

**mosceti** *vt.* shoot with a musket. ● *n.* musketry.

**moscetor** *n.* musketeer.

**moscito** *n.* mosquito, gnat (*Culicidae*).

**moscovio** *n.* moscovium (*element*).

**Moscva** *n.* Moscow.

**mosin** *adj.* mosslike.

**mososa** *adj.* mossy.

**mostarda** *n.* mustard (*Brassica hirta*, *nigra*, *juncea*).

**mostra** *vt.* show, exhibit, display, reveal, demonstrate, illustrate. ● *n.* exhibition, illustration, audition, demonstration, demo, sample, manifestation. **mostra e dise** *v.* & *n.* show and tell. **mostra emosia** show emotion, emote. **mostra prima** premiere, opening, first showing. **mostra sua autoria** assert one’s authority. **mostra un video** show a video, play a video.

**mostrable** *adj.* demonstrable.

**mostrada** *adj.* shown, revealed, manifest.

**mostral** *adj.* demonstrative.

**mostrante** *adj.* illustrative.

**motasila** *n.* wagtail (*bird*: *Motacillidae*).

**motel** *n.* motel.

**motif** *n.* motif, trope, (*repeating*) pattern. **motif caxmiran** paisley pattern. **motif de puntos** polka dots.**motif spiral** spiral pattern, scrollwork. **sin motif** blank, plain.

**motiva** *vt.* motivate. ● *n.* motive, motivation, incentive. **motiva ascondeda** ulterior motive.

**motivante** *adj.* motivating, motivational.

**moto-** *pref.* motor-.

**motobarco** *n.* motorboat, powerboat, speedboat.

**motocareta** *n.* sidecar.

**motoneuron** *n.* motoneuron, motor neuron.

**motor** *n.* motor, engine. **motor de combusta interna** internal combustion engine. **motor esterna** outboard motor. **motor interna** inboard motor.

**motori** *vt.* motorize.

**motorisme** *n.* motoring, driving.

**motoriste** *n.* motorist, driver.

**motosicle** *n.* motorcycle, motorbike.

**motosiclisme** *n.* motorcycling, motorcycle racing, motor racing.

**motosicliste** *n.* motorcyclist, biker.

**motosiera** *n.* chainsaw.

**mototreno** *n.* snowmobile.

**movable** *adj.* mobile.

**movabli** *vi.* & *vt.* mobilize. ● *n.* mobilization.

**movablia** *n.* mobility.

**move** *vi.* move, shift, budge. ● *vt.* move, shift, propel, transfer; shovel (*snow*, *soil*, *etc.*). ● *n.* movement, move, motion, locomotion; movement (*music*). **de move** locomotory. **de move lenta** slow-motion, in slow motion.**move ajitada** fidget. **move caracolin** move at a snail’s pace, crawl along. **move furtiva** slink. **move laborosa** move laboriously, manhandle. **move sua casa** move house, move.

**moxa** *vi.* mosh (*dance*). ● *n.* moshing.

**Moxe** *n.* Moses.

**moxeria** *n.* mosh pit.

**mozabita** *adj.* & *n.* Mozabite (*person*, *language*).

**mozarela** *n.* mozzarella (*cheese*).

**mu** *n.* mu (*Greek letter*).

**mua** *vi.* pout, sulk. ● *n.* pout, moue.

**mucilajo** *n.* mucilage.

**mucin** *adj.* gooey, goopy, gloopy.

**muco** *n.* mucus, phlegm; goo, goop, gloop, glop. **muco acuin** rheum. **muco nasal** nasal mucus, snot, bogey, booger.

**mucosa** *adj.* mucous, snotty.

**muda** *adj.* mute, dumb, speech-impaired; speechless. ● *n.* mute, speech-impaired person.

**mudi** *vi.* & *vt.* mute.

**mudia** *n.* muteness, mutism, dumbness.

**muezin** *n.* muezzin (*caller to prayer*).

**mufin** *n.* muffin. **mufin cavetin** popover.

**mufinor** *n.* muffin seller, muffinman.

**mufti** *n.* mufti (*Islamic scholar*).

**mugre** *n.* filth, grime, sludge, muck, mess.

**mugrosa** *adj.* filthy, squalid, grimy, mucky, messy.

**mugul** *adj.* & *n.* Mughal, Mogul (*dynasty*).

**Muhammad** *n.* Muhammad, Mohammed, Muhammed.

**mui** *vt.* moo, low. ● *n.* mooing, lowing.

**mujil** *n.* mullet (*fish*: *Mugilidae*).

**mul** *n.* mussel (*mollusc*: *Mytilidae*).

**mula** *n.* mullah (*Islam*).

**muladi** *n.* muladi (*Islam*).

**mulato** *n.* (*derogatory*) mulatto.

**muleta** *n.* crutch (*support stick*).

**mulin** *adj.* mulish, stubborn.

**mulo** *n.* mule.

**mulor** *n.* muleteer.

**multa** *vt.* fine, penalize. ● *n.* fine, penalty, ticket, forfeit, forfeiture.

**multe** *det.* many, much, numerous, myriad, a host of, a multitude of. ● *adv.* very, really, greatly. ● *pron.* much, many (*singular or plural*). **es plu multe ca** outnumber. **multe min** *adj.* many fewer, much less. ● *adv.*much less. **multe plu** *adj.* many more, much more. ● *adv.* much more. **multes** (*people or things*, *optional plural pronoun*). **tan multe como posible** as many as possible, as much as possible.

**multi-** *pref.* multi-.

**multia** *n.* multitude, host.

**multibandal** *adj.* multitrack.

**multicanalal** *adj.* multichannel.

**multicolorosa** *adj.* multicoloured (US multicolored), multicolour (US multicolor), polychromatic, variegated, motley, mottled, pied, dappled.

**multicoral** *adj.* multicore.

**multicultural** *adj.* multicultural.

**multidimensional** *adj.* multidimensional.

**multidirijal** *adj.* multidirectional.

**multietnical** *adj.* multiethnic.

**multifasal** *adj.* multiphase, multiphasic.

**multifasetal** *adj.* multifaceted.

**multigradal** *adj.* multistage.

**multiladal** *adj.* multilateral, many-sided.

**multilingual** *adj.* multilingual. ● *n.* polyglot.

**multilinial** *adj.* multilinial.

**multimedial** *adj.* multimedia.

**multimedialia** *n.* multimedia.

**multinasional** *adj.* & *n.* multinational.

**multinivelal** *adj.* multilevel, multistorey (US multistory).

**multipartital** *adj.* multiparty, multipartite.

**multiple** *adj.* multiple. ● *adv.* multiply. ● *n.* multiple (*number*).

**multiplesal** *adj.* multiplex.

**multipleso** *n.* multiplex.

**multipli** *vi.* become multiple. ● *vt.* multiply. ● *n.* multiplication; product.

**multiplida** *n.* multiplicand. **multiplida par** multiplied by, times.

**multiplinte** *n.* multiplier.

**multipolal** *adj.* multipolar.

**multirazal** *adj.* multiracial.

**multiselulal** *adj.* multicellular.

**multistratal** *adj.* multilayered.

**multitalentosa** *adj.* multitalented, protean.

**multitaxal** *adj.* multitasking.

**multitaxia** *n.* multitasking.

**multiterenal** *adj.* off-road, all-terrain. ● *n.* off-road vehicle, all-terrain vehicle, sport utility vehicle, SUV, four-wheel drive, four-by-four.

**multiusal** *adj.* multipurpose, multifunctional, versatile, general-purpose.

**multiusoral** *adj.* multiuser.

**multivalente** *adj.* multivalent.

**multivariante** *adj.* multivariate, multivariant.

**multiverso** *n.* multiverse.

**mundal** *adj.* world, worldly (*pertaining to the world*).

**mundo** *n.* world. **de la mundo** cosmopolitan. **la plu grande de mundo** the world’s largest. **mundo consumiste** material world. **mundo de sonia** dream world.

**muni** *vt.* supply with ammunition. ● *n.* ammunition, ammo, munition.

**munisipa** *n.* municipality.

**munisipal** *n.* municipal, civic.

**munster** *n.* munster, muenster (*cheese*).

**muon** *n.* muon (*particle*).

**mur** *n.* wall; bulkhead (*ship*). **mur contra esplodes** blast wall.

**muraliste** *n.* muralist (*artist*).

**mureta** *n.* partition; board. **mureta blanca** whiteboard. **mureta de avisas** message board, bulletin board, noticeboard. **mureta negra** blackboard, chalkboard.

**muritani** *adj.* & *n.* Mauritanian.

**Muritania** *n.* Mauritania.

**murmura** *vi.*, *vt.* & *n.* murmur, mumble, burble.

**muron** *n.* rampart, defensive wall, city wall; bulkhead, retaining wall. **muron de mar** seawall. **muron de tera**earthwork.

**mus** *n.* mouse (*Mus*).

**musa** *n.* muse.

**musaca** *n.* moussaka (*food*).

**musarania** *n.* shrew (*animal*: *Soricidae*).

**muscada** *n.* nutmeg (*Myristica*).

**muscari** *n.* grape hyacinth (*plant*: *Muscari*).

**muscatel** *n.* muscat, muscatel (*grape*, *wine*).

**musco** *n.* musk deer (*Moschus*); musk.

**muscosa** *adj.* musky.

**musculal** *adj.* muscular.

**musculo** *n.* muscle. **musculos** muscles, musculature.

**musculor** *n.* muscleman, strongman, he-man.

**musculosa** *adj.* muscular, muscly, brawny, musclebound.

**musculosceletal** *adj.* musculoskeletal.

**musculosia** *n.* muscularity, brawn.

**muse** *n.* mousse (*food*).

**muselina** *n.* muslin (*fabric*). **de muselina** (*made of*) muslin.

**museo** *n.* museum.

**musica** *n.* music. **musica de asendador** muzak, elevator music, lift music. **musica de folclor** folk music.**musica de salon** chamber music. **musica en conserta** live music. **musica pop** pop music. **musica rap**rap music. **musica roc** rock music.

**musical** *adj.* musical.

**musiciste** *n.* musician. **musiciste suportante** supporting musician, sideman.

**musicolojia** *n.* musicology.

**musicolojiste** *n.* musicologist.

**musin** *adj.* mouselike, mousy.

**musli** *n.* muesli, granola.

**muslim** *adj.* & *n.* Islamic, Muslim, Moslem, Mohammedan. See *islam*.

**mustang** *n.* mustang (*horse*).

**mustax** *n.* moustache (US mustache).

**mustela** *n.* weasel (*Mustela*).

**mustelin** *adj.* weaselly, weasel-like.

**muta** *vi.* mutate, transform, transmute. ● *vt.* mutate, transform, transmute, transfigure, transmogrify. ● *n.*mutation, transformation, metamorphosis, transmutation, transfiguration. **muta sua pel** shed one’s skin.**muta sua pelo** moult (US molt). **muta sua plumas** moult (US molt).

**mutable** *adj.* mutable, changeable.

**mutablia** *n.* mutability.

**mutada** *adj.* mutated. ● *n.* mutant.

**mutador** *n.* transformer.

**mutajen** *adj.* mutagenic (*genetics*). ● *n.* mutagen.

**mutila** *vt.* mutilate, mangle. ● *n.* mutilation.

**mutisme** *n.* metamorphism (*geology*).

**mutua** *adj.* mutual, reciprocal. ● *adv.* mutually, reciprocally, to each other, to one another.

**mutui** *vi.* & *vt.* mutualize.

**muu** *interj.* moo (*cow*).

**muxu** *n.* mu shu, moo shu (*food*).

N

**n**¹ [en] *letter* n.

**n**² *abbr.* (*numero*) n., no.

**nabatea** *adj.* & *n.* Nabatean (*person*, *language*).

**nabo** *n.* turnip (*Brassica rapa*).

**nacre** *n.* nacre, mother-of-pearl (*substance*).

**nacrin** *adj.* nacreous.

**nada** *vi.* & *n.* swim.

**nadene** *adj.* & *n.* Na-Dene (*person*, *language*).

**naderia** *n.* swimming baths, swimming complex, natatorium.

**nadir** *n.* nadir (*astronomy*, *misfortune*).

**nador** *n.* swimmer.

**nafta** *n.* naphtha (*oil*).

**naftalina** *n.* naphthalina (*substance*).

**naftol** *n.* naphthol (*substance*).

**naive** *adj.* naive, ingenuous, trusting, innocent, unsophisticated, jejune. ● *n.* simpleton.

**naivia** *n.* naivety, naiveness, innocence, ingenuousness.

**Namib, Deserto** *n.* Namib Desert.

**Namibia** *n.* Namibia.

**namibian** *adj.* & *n.* Namibian.

**nana**¹ *adj.* dwarf (*including mythology*), midget, gnome. ● *n.* dwarf, midget, gnome.

**nana**² *n.* (*colloquial*) nanny (*carer*).

**nanisme** *n.* dwarfism.

**nano-** *pref.* nano- (*tiny*, *a thousand-millionth*).

**nanometre** *n.* nanometre (US nanometer).

**nanosecondo** *n.* nanosecond.

**napalm** *n.* napalm (*liquid*).

**nara** *vt.* narrate, tell, relate (*story*). ● *n.* narration, story, tale, chronicle. **nara de fes** fairy tale. **nara de folclor** folktale. **nara en tre libros** trilogy. **nara fondal** backstory. **naras** stories, fiction. **naras siensal**science fiction.

**naral** *adj.* fictional, narrative, narrational.

**narco-** *pref.* narco- (*stupor*).

**narcolesia** *n.* narcolepsy.

**narcolesica** *adj.* narcoleptic.

**narcose** *n.* narcosis.

**narcotica** *adj.* & *n.* narcotic.

**nardo** *n.* spikenard (*plant*: *Nardostachys grandiflora*).

**nareta** *n.* short story.

**narina** *n.* nostril, naris (pl. nares).

**naror** *n.* storyteller, narrator, raconteur.

**narsisisme** *n.* narcissism.

**narsisiste** *adj.* narcissistic. ● *n.* narcissist.

**narsiso** *n.* narcissus, daffodil (*plant*: *Narcissus*).

**narval** *n.* narwhal (*whale*: *Monodon monoceros*).

**nas** *n.* nose.

**nasal** *adj.* nasal. ● *n.* nasal (*consonant*).

**nasali** *vi.* & *vt.* nasalize.

**nase** *vi.* be born; come into existence. ● *vt.* bear, give birth to. ● *n.* birth. **ante nase** prenatal, antenatal. **de nase** natal. **pos nase** postnatal. See *pari*.

**naseda** *adj.* born. **mor naseda** stillborn. **prima naseda** firstborn.

**nasel** *n.* nacelle (*vehicle part*).

**nasente** *adj.* nascent, coming into existence.

**nasi** *vt.* nuzzle, nose at.

**nasion** *n.* nation, state. **Nasiones Unida** United Nations. **sin nasion** stateless.

**nasional** *adj.* national, nationwide. **falsa nasional** pseudo-national.

**nasionali** *vi.* & *vt.* nationalize. ● *n.* nationalization.

**nasionalia** *n.* nationality.

**nasionalisme** *n.* nationalism.

**nasionaliste** *adj.* nationalistic. ● *n.* nationalist.

**nasturtio** *n.* nasturtium (*plant*: *Tropaeolum*).

**natal** *n.* Christmas, Noel, Nowell, nativity, yule, yuletide. **arbor de natal** Christmas tree. **de natal** Christmas.**Isola Natal** Christmas Island. **sera de natal** Christmas Eve.

**nativa** *adj.* native (*to a place*), indigenous. ● *n.* native.

**nativisme** *n.* nativism.

**nativiste** *n.* nativist.

**natron** *n.* natron (*substance*).

**natur** *n.* nature. **natur mor** still life.

**natural** *adj.* natural, inborn; organic (*food*); artless (*writing*). ● *adv.* naturally, of course.

**naturali** *vi.* & *vt.* naturalize. ● *n.* naturalization.

**naturin** *adj.* naturalistic.

**naturiste** *n.* naturalist.

**nauatl** *adj.* & *n.* Nahuatl (*person*, *language*).

**Nauero** *n.* Nauru. **nauero** *adj.* & *n.* Nauruan.

**nausea** *vt.* nauseate. ● *n.* nausea, nauseation. **nausea de ensintia** morning sickness.

**nauseada** *adj.* nauseated, queasy. **nauseada de auto** carsick. **nauseada de mar** seasick. **nauseada de vola** airsick.

**nauseosa** *adj.* nauseous, queasy.

**nautilo** *n.* nautilus (*mollusc*: *Nautilidae*).

**Navara** *n.* Navarre (*Spanish region*).

**nave** *n.* nave (*church*).

**naveta** *n.* shuttle; ferry, ferryboat. **naveta spasial** space shuttle.

**naveti** *vt.* shuttle, ferry.

**navetor** *n.* ferryman.

**naviga** *vt.* navigate. ● *n.* navigation. **naviga par vela** *vt.* sail, go sailing. ● *n.* sailing.

**navigor** *n.* navigator.

**nazi** *adj.* & *n.* Nazi.

**nazisme** *n.* Nazism.

**nb** *abbr.* (*nota bon*) NB, nota bene.

**ne** *n.* nay (*flute*).

**neandertalan** *adj.* & *n.* Neanderthal.

**nebla** *n.* fog. **nebla fumosa** smog. **nebla jelada** frozen fog, rime.

**neblador** *n.* mister, nebulizer.

**nebleta** *n.* mist, haze.

**nebli** *vi.* & *vt.* mist up, fog up, steam up; blur.

**neblosa** *adj.* nebulous, foggy, vague, fuzzy, bleary, hazy; blurry (*image*, *vision*).

**Nebraska** *n.* Nebraska (*US state*).

**nebulosa** *n.* nebula.

**necator** *n.* hookworm (*Necator*).

**necatoriase** *n.* hookworm, necatoriasis (*disease*).

**necro-** *pref.* necro- (*death*).

**necrofilia** *n.* necrophilia.

**necrofilica** *adj.* necrophiliac. ● *n.* necrophiliac, necrophile.

**necrofobia** *n.* necrophobia.

**necrofobica** *adj.* necrophobic. ● *n.* necrophobe.

**necromansia** *n.* necromancy (*divination*).

**necromansiste** *n.* necromancer.

**necropoli** *n.* necropolis.

**necrose** *n.* necrosis (*medical*).

**necrosica** *adj.* necrotic.

**Nederland** *n.* Netherlands, Holland.

**nederlandes** *adj.* & *n.* Dutch, Netherlandish.

**nefrite** *n.* nephritis (*medical*).

**nefritica** *adj.* nephritic.

**nefro-** *pref.* nephro- (*kidney*).

**nega** *vt.* negate, deny, repudiate, nullify, annul, rescind, overrule, countermand, disavow, disclaim. ● *n.* negation, denial, repudiation, annulment, disavowal. **nega con testa** shake one’s head.

**negable** *adj.* deniable.

**negativa** *adj.* negative. ● *n.* negative (*photography*).

**negativia** *n.* negativity.

**negativisme** *n.* negativism.

**negosia** *vt.* negotiate; haggle, bargain. ● *n.* negotiation.

**negosior** *n.* negotiator.

**negra** *adj.* & *n.* black. **Foresta Negra** Black Forest. **Mar Negra** Black Sea.

**negri** *vi.* & *vt.* blacken, char, scorch, singe.

**negrisil** *n.* mascara (*cosmetic*).

**negroide** *adj.* (*derogatory*) negroid.

**nelumbo** *n.* lotus (*plant*: *Nelumbo*).

**nematodo** *n.* roundworm, nematode (*Nematoda*).

**nematomorfo** *n.* nematomorph (*organism*: *Nematomorpha*).

**nemerteo** *n.* nemertean (*worm*: *Nemertea*).

**neo-** *pref.* neo- (*new*).

**neoclasica** *adj.* neoclassical.

**neoclasicisme** *n.* neoclassicism.

**neoclasiciste** *n.* neoclassicist.

**neocolonial** *adj.* neocolonial.

**neocolonialisme** *n.* neocolonialism.

**neocolonialiste** *adj.* & *n.* neocolonialist.

**neodimio** *n.* neodymium (*element*).

**neolitica** *adj.* & *n.* Neolithic.

**neon** *n.* neon.

**neopagan** *adj.* neopagan.

**neoplasma** *n.* neoplasm (*medical*).

**neotenia** *n.* neoteny (*biology*).

**neotropical** *adj.* neotropica.

**neotropico** *n.* neotropics.

**Nepal** *n.* Nepal.

**nepali** *adj.* & *n.* Nepali, Nepalese.

**nepentes** *n.* pitcher plant (*Nepenthes*).

**nepeta** *n.* catnip (*plant*: *Nepeta*).

**nerval** *adj.* nervous (*of the nerves*).

**nervo** *n.* nerve. **nervo oial** optic nerve. **nervo serebral** cerebral nerve. **nervo siatica** sciatic nerve.

**nervosa** *adj.* nervous, jumpy.

**nervosia** *n.* nervousness.

**nesesa** *vt.* need, require, lack; need to, have to, must (*physical or essential*); necessitate, entail; e.g. *el va nesesa un seja*; *me nesesa dormi*; *lo nesesa ce nos escuta*. ● *n.* need (*state*). **nesesa adota** resort to, have recourse to.

**nesesada** *adj.* needed, required, necessary, indispensable, must-have, requisite, incumbent. ● *adv.* necessarily. ● *n.* necessity, need, requirement, must-have, must, prerequisite, wherewithal.

**-nesia** *n.suff.* -nesia (*islands*).

**neta**¹ *adj.* & *adv.* nett (US net) (*money*).

**neta**² *n.* granddaughter.

**netar** *n.* nectar.

**netarina** *n.* nectarine (*peach*: *Prunus persica*); sunbird (*bird*: *Nectariniidae*).

**nete** *n.* grandchild.

**netisme** *n.* nepotism.

**neto** *n.* grandson.

**netsuce** *n.* netsuke (*sculpture*).

**netunio** *n.* neptunium (*element*).

**Netuno** *n.* Neptune (*mythology*, *planet*).

**neuraljia** *n.* neuralgia. **neuraljia siatica** sciatic neuralgia, sciatica.

**neuraljica** *adj.* neuralgic.

**neurastenia** *n.* neurasthenia.

**neurastenica** *adj.* neurasthenic.

**neurite** *n.* neuritis (*medical*).

**neuritica** *adj.* neuritic.

**neuro-** *pref.* neuro- (*nerve*).

**neurobiolojia** *n.* neurobiology.

**neurobiolojiste** *n.* neurobiologist.

**neurolojia** *n.* neurology.

**neurolojiste** *n.* neurologist.

**neuron** *n.* neuron. **neuron de sensa** sensory neuron.

**neuronal** *adj.* neuronal, neural, neurological.

**neuropatia** *n.* neuropathy.

**neuropatica** *adj.* neuropathic.

**neuropeptido** *n.* neuropeptide.

**neurose** *n.* neurosis, psychoneurosis, hangup.

**neurosica** *adj.* & *n.* neurotic.

**neurosiensa** *n.* neuroscience.

**neurosiensiste** *n.* neuroscientist.

**neurosirurjia** *n.* neurosurgery.

**neurosirurjial** *adj.* neurosurgical.

**neurosirurjiste** *n.* neurosurgeon.

**neurotoxina** *n.* neurotoxin.

**neurotransmetador** *n.* neurotransmitter.

**neuton** *n.* newton (*unit of force*).

**neutra** *adj.* neutral; neuter.

**neutri** *vi.* & *vt.* neutralize, neuter, spay.

**neutria** *n.* neutrality.

**neutrino** *n.* neutrino.

**neutrofilia** *n.* neutrophilia.

**neutrofilica** *adj.* neutrophilic. ● *n.* neutrophile.

**neutron** *n.* neutron.

**neutronal** *adj.* neutronic.

**neva** *vi.* & *n.* snow. **neva dejelada** *v.* sleet. ● *n.* sleet; slush. **neva fondeda** snowmelt.

**Nevada** *n.* Nevada (*US state*).

**neveta** *vi.* snow lightly, flurry. ● *n.* snow shower, flurry, dusting.

**Nevis** *n.* Nevis.

**nevisian** *adj.* & *n.* Nevisian. See *San Kitts*.

**nevo** *n.* mole (*on skin*), birthmark, naevus (US nevus).

**nevon** *n.* snowstorm, whiteout, heavy snow, deep snow.

**nevosa** *adj.* snowy.

**Newfoundland** *n.* Newfoundland. **Newfoundland e Labrador** Newfoundland and Labrador (*Canadian province*).

**niama** *n.* yam (*plant*, *tuber*: *Dioscorea*).

**niasina** *n.* niacin, nicotinic acid.

**nicab** *n.* niqab (*veil*).

**Nicaragua** *n.* Nicaragua.

**nicaraguan** *adj.* & *n.* Nicaraguan.

**nicel** *n.* nickel.

**niceli** *vt.* nickel-plate.

**nicelida** *adj.* nickel-plated.

**nicotina** *n.* nicotine.

**nictofilia** *n.* nyctophilia.

**nictofilica** *adj.* nyctophilic. ● *n.* nyctophile.

**nidi** *vt.* nest, build a nest (*for*). **nidi se** nestle, snuggle down, ensconce oneself.

**nidida** *adj.* snug, cosy (US cozy) (*person*).

**nidin** *adj.* snug, cosy (US cozy) (*place*).

**nidinia** *n.* snugness, cosiness (US coziness).

**nido** *n.* nest, roost, eyrie (US aerie); hive; den, lair, burrow; hideaway, hideout, retreat. **nido de abeas** beehive.**nido de formicas** ant nest.

**nidor** *n.* nestling (*bird*).

**nihilisme** *n.* nihilism.

**nihiliste** *adj.* nihilist, nihilistic. ● *n.* nihilist.

**nihonio** *n.* nihonium (*element*).

**Nijer** *n.* Niger. **Rio Nijer** Niger River.

**Nijeria** *n.* Nigeria.

**nijerian** *adj.* & *n.* Nigerian (*of Nigeria*).

**nijerien** *adj.* & *n.* Nigerien (*of Niger*).

**Nilo, Rio** *n.* River Nile.

**nilon** *n.* nylon.

**nilotica** *adj.* Nilotic (*languages*).

**nimbo** *adj.* & *n.* nimbus (*cloud*).

**nimfa** *n.* nymph. **nimfa de acua** naiad. **nimfa de bosce** dryad. **nimfa de mar** nereid.

**nimfea** *n.* water lily (*Nymphaeaceae*).

**nimfomania** *n.* nymphomania.

**nimfomanica** *adj.* nymphomaniac. ● *n.* nymphomaniac, nympho.

**ninja** *n.* ninja, shinobi (*ninjutsu expert*).

**ninjutsu** *n.* ninjutsu (*martial art*).

**niobio** *n.* niobium (*element*).

**Nion** *n.* Japan. **nion** *adj.* & *n.* Japanese. See *Japan*.

**nirvana** *n.* nirvana (*Buddhism*).

**nistagmo** *n.* nystagmus (*medical*).

**nitrato** *n.* nitrate. **nitrato de potasio** potassium nitrate, saltpetre (US saltpeter).

**nitrica** *adj.* nitric.

**nitrito** *n.* nitrite.

**nitrogliserina** *n.* nitroglycerine, nitro.

**nitrojen** *n.* nitrogen.

**nitrojenosa** *adj.* nitrogenous.

**nitrosa** *adj.* nitrous.

**Niue** [nyúe] *n.* Niue. **niue** *adj.* & *n.* Niuean.

**nivel** *n.* floor, storey (US story), deck (*ship*); level, tier (*scale*, *hierarchy*). **nivel de mar** sea level. **nivel de oio**eye level. **nivel de tera** ground floor, ground level. **nivel prima** first floor (*above ground level*).

**niveleta** *n.* landing.

**nix** *n.* niche (*alcove*, *ecological*).

**no**¹ *det.* no; e.g. *no person ia responde*; *el ia trova no problemes*. ● *adv.* (*preverbal*) not; e.g. *me no ia comprende*; *la can no es en la jardin*. ● *conj.* not, and not; e.g. *me vole esta, no acel*. ● *interj.* no; (*question tag*) eh?, isn’t it?, don’t you?, haven’t they? (*etc.*, *typically expecting the answer yes*). **no esta e no acel**neither this nor that. **no plu ca** no more than, merely, simply, just. See *si*.

**no**² *n.* noh (*drama*).

**Noa** *n.* Noah.

**nobelio** *n.* nobelium (*element*).

**nobil** *adj.* noble, well-born, high-born. ● *n.* noble, peer. **nobiles** nobles, nobility.

**nobili** *vi.* & *vt.* ennoble.

**nobilia** *n.* nobility.

**noca** *n.* knuckle; fetlock.

**noda** *vt.* knot, burl. ● *n.* knot, node. **noda de capeles** topknot. **noda limfal** lymph node. **noda liscante**slipknot. **noda papilin** bow.

**nodosa** *adj.* knotty, gnarled, gnarly, nodose.

**nodulal** *adj.* nodular.

**nodulo** *n.* nodule.

**noia** *vt.* bore, tire, stultify. ● *n.* boredom, tedium, ennui.

**noiada** *adj.* bored.

**noiante** *adj.* tiresome, boring, tedious, dull, humdrum, jejune.

**-noide** *adj.suff.* -noid (*mind*).

**noior** *n.* bore.

**nom** *n.* name, moniker, monicker; noun. **con nom falsa** pseudonymous. **nom ante sposi** maiden name. **nom de arcivo** folder name, directory name. **nom de fix** filename. **nom de gera** nom de guerre. **nom de usor**username. **nom falsa** alias, pseudonym, pen name, nom de plume. **nom familial** family name, surname.**nom individua** first name. **nom madral** matronym. **nom orijinal** original name, maiden name, birth name. **nom padral** patronym. **nom propre** proper noun. **nom teatral** stage name. **nomes** names, nomenclature. **par nom** nominal. **sin nom** nameless, anonymous.

**nomada** *adj.* nomadic, itinerant. ● *n.* nomad, itinerant, traveller (US traveler).

**nomadisme** *n.* nomadism.

**nometa** *n.* nickname, sobriquet, soubriquet.

**nomi** *vt.* name, call, give a name to; appoint; e.g. *on nomi esta forma un exagon*. **nomi per** name for, name after.

**nomida** *adj.* named, called. **es nomida** be named, be called. **nomida X** named X, called X, known as X.

**nomin** *adj.* nounal, substantival.

**nomina** *vt.* nominate. ● *n.* nomination.

**nominada** *n.* nominee.

**nominativa** *adj.* & *n.* nominative (*grammar*).

**non-** *pref.* un-, in-, non- (*added to adjectives and nouns: opposite characteristic*, *or absence of an action or state*); e.g. *nonjusta*; *noncrede*; *nonesesada*. — *Non-* simplifies to *no-* before *n*.

**nonabitable** *adj.* uninhabitable, unliveable (US unlivable).

**nonabitada** *adj.* uninhabited; unmanned.

**nonabital** *adj.* non-residential.

**nonabitante** *adj.* non-residential.

**nonabitor** *n.* non-resident.

**nonabituada** *adj.* unaccustomed, unused.

**nonabrida** *adj.* unopened.

**nonacaso** *adj.* non-random, deterministic.

**nonacompaniada** *adj.* unaccompanied.

**nonacorda** *n.* incongruity; incompatibility.

**nonacordante** *adj.* non-consenting; intransigent; incongruent, incongruous, incompatible.

**nonaderente** *adj.* non-adhesive, non-stick.

**nonafetable** *adj.* insusceptible.

**nonagia** *n.* bluntness, dullness.

**nonagon** *adj.* nonagonal, enneagonal (*nine-sided*). ● *n.* nonagon, enneagon.

**nonagu** [nonagú] *adj.* blunt, dull; obtuse (*angle*).

**nonaidosa** *adj.* unhelpful.

**nonairobial** *adj.* anaerobic.

**nonairobio** *n.* anaerobe (*organism*).

**nonajitable** *adj.* phlegmatic, placid, impassive, imperturbable, stolid, unflappable.

**nonajustable** *adj.* non-adjustable, unadaptable, untunable, unconfigurable, inflexible.

**nonajustada** *adj.* unadapted, unadjusted, untuned.

**nonalcolosa** *adj.* non-alcoholic.

**nonalfabetisme** *n.* illiteracy.

**nonalfabetiste** *adj.* illiterate, preliterate.

**nonalienable** *adj.* inalienable.

**nonalterable** *adj.* inalterable, unmodifiable, uncustomizable, iron-clad.

**nonalterada** *adj.* unaltered, unmodified.

**nonamable** *adj.* unloveable (US unlovable), unlikeable (US unlikable).

**nonambigua** *adj.* unambiguous, unequivocal.

**nonamin** *adj.* unfriendly, cold, aloof, distant, standoffish, forbidding.

**nonanimada** *adj.* inanimate.

**nonarada** *adj.* untold.

**nonarmonia** *n.* disharmony; incompatibility.

**nonarmoniosa** *adj.* inharmonious, incompatible, incongruous.

**nonasecurada** *adj.* uninsured.

**nonasedable** *adj.* inaccessible, unapproachable.

**nonasentuada** *adj.* unstressed, atonic.

**nonasetable** *adj.* unacceptable, invalid, inadmissible. ● *n.* no-no.

**nonasorbente** *adj.* non-absorbent.

**nonaspirante** *adj.* unambitious.

**nonastrata** *adj.* figurative (*art*).

**nonatacable** *adj.* invulnerable, unassailable.

**nonatenable** *adj.* unreachable, unattainable, unachievable.

**nonatendeda** *adj.* unattended, untended.

**nonatendente** *adj.* careless, negligent, imprudent, heedless, absent-minded, inattentive, remiss, slapdash, slipshod.

**nonativa**¹ *adj.* inactive, languorous, quiescent, dormant.

**nonativa**² *adj.* non-native, adventitious.

**nonativia** *n.* inactivity, inaction, languor, quiescence.

**nonatural** *adj.* unnatural, preternatural, otherworldly, unworldly.

**nonautentica** *adj.* false, fake, faux, ersatz, substitute.

**nonavenosa** *adj.* uneventful.

**nonbevor** *n.* non-drinker. **nonbevor de alcol** non-drinker of alcohol, teetotaller (US teetotaler).

**nonbinaria** *adj.* non-binary; multigender. ● *n.* multigender person.

**nonblancida** *adj.* unbleached.

**nonbonvenida** *adj.* unwelcome.

**nonbonveninte** *adj.* unwelcoming, inhospitable.

**noncalculable** *adj.* incalculable.

**noncambiante** *adj.* unchanging, changeless, timeless.

**noncanselable** *adj.* irrevocable, unerasable, indelible.

**noncanserosa** *adj.* non-cancerous, benign.

**noncapas** *adj.* unable, incapable, powerless, incompetent, inept, amateurish, unprofessional, hopeless, unqualified, unversed.

**noncapasia** *n.* inability, incompetence.

**noncauta** *adj.* impulsive, foolhardy, rash, heedless, hare-brained.

**noncautia** *n.* impulsiveness, temerity.

**noncaxer** *adj.* non-kosher.

**nonclar** *adj.* unclear.

**noncoere** *n.* incoherence, inconsistency, irregularity.

**noncoerente** *adj.* incoherent, inconsistent, irregular, erratic, haywire, irrational.

**noncolorida** *adj.* uncoloured (US uncolored).

**noncomable** *adj.* inedible.

**noncombator** *n.* non-combatant.

**noncomfortosa** *adj.* uncomfortable.

**noncompatiosa** *adj.* not compassionate, inhumane, unkind, inconsiderate, unsympathetic, hard-hearted, cold-hearted.

**noncompleta** *adj.* incomplete.

**noncompletia** *n.* incompleteness.

**noncompletida** *adj.* uncompleted.

**noncomposada** *adj.* uncompounded, simplex.

**noncomprendable** *adj.* unintelligible, incomprehensible, inscrutable, unfathomable.

**noncomprendablia** *n.* unintelligibility, incomprehensibility.

**noncomprende** *n.* incomprehension.

**noncomun** *adj.* uncommon, unusual, infrequent, eccentric, offbeat; original (*idea*). ● *adv.* uncommonly, unusually.

**noncomunia** *n.* unusualness, eccentricity.

**nonconcistable** *adj.* unconquerable, unbeatable, indomitable.

**nonconcluinte** *adj.* inconclusive.

**nonconfirmada** *adj.* unconfirmed, uncorroborated, unsubstantiated.

**nonconforma** *n.* non-conformity.

**nonconfusable** *adj.* unconfusable, unmistakable.

**nonconosable** *adj.* unknowable.

**nonconoseda** *adj.* unknown, unfamiliar. ● *n.* stranger.

**nonconsensa** *adj.* unconscious, unaware, incognizant, insensible.

**nonconsensia** *n.* unconsciousness, oblivion.

**nonconsernada** *adj.* unconcerned, blithe, carefree.

**nonconsetable** *adj.* inconceivable.

**nonconsolable** *adj.* inconsolable.

**nonconstante** *adj.* inconstant, fickle, flighty.

**nonconstitual** *adj.* unconstitutional.

**nonconsumable** *adj.* inexhaustible.

**noncontable** *adj.* uncountable, innumerable.

**noncontaminada** *adj.* uncontaminated, unpolluted.

**noncontatante** *adj.* discontiguous.

**nonconteninte** *adj.* incontinent.

**noncontenintia** *n.* incontinence.

**noncontente** *adj.* discontented, discontent, malcontent. ● *n.* malcontent.

**noncontentia** *n.* discontent.

**noncontrolable** *adj.* uncontrollable, intractable; berserk, haywire, runaway, out of control.

**noncontrolada** *adj.* uncontrolled.

**nonconveni** *n.* unsuitability; incompatibility.

**nonconveninte** *adj.* unsuitable, unsuited, incongruous, incompatible; inappropriate, tasteless, unbecoming, unbefitting, unfit, unseemly.

**nonconvinsable** *adj.* unpersuadable, intransigent.

**nonconvinseda** *adj.* unconvinced, unswayed.

**nonconvinsente** *adj.* unconvincing, farfetched, implausible.

**noncorajosa** *adj.* faint-hearted, timid.

**noncoresponde** *vi.* & *n.* mismatch.

**noncoreta** *adj.* incorrect, wrong; inappropriate, amiss.

**noncoretable** *adj.* uncorrectable, incorrigible.

**noncoretia** *n.* incorrectness, wrongness.

**noncorodente** *adj.* non-corrosive, rustproof.

**noncortes** *adj.* discourteous, impolite, rude, impudent, cheeky, irreverent, impertinent, sassy, tactless, gruff, surly, mouthy, overfamiliar, presumptuous, unmannerly.

**noncortesia** *n.* impoliteness, rudeness, impudence, cheek, cheekiness, nerve, irreverence, impertinence, sass.

**noncosia** *n.* nothingness.

**noncostumal** *adj.* uncustomary.

**noncovreda** *adj.* uncovered, not covered. **(retira) noncovreda** overdraft.

**noncredable** *adj.* unbelievable, incredible; incredibly good, fabulous, fantastic. ● *adv.* unbelievably, incredibly.

**noncredablia** *n.* incredibility.

**noncrede** *n.* disbelief, incredulity.

**noncredente** *adj.* disbelieving, incredulous.

**noncredor** *n.* non-believer, infidel.

**noncromatica** *adj.* achromatic.

**noncualinte** *adj.* ineligible.

**noncuieta** *adj.* uneasy.

**nonculpable** *adj.* blameless, innocent (*of crime*), not guilty.

**nonculpablia** *n.* blamelessness, innocence.

**noncultivada** *adj.* uncultivated, fallow.

**noncurante** *adj.* uncaring, indifferent, blasé.

**noncurantia** *n.* indifference.

**nondecorada** *adj.* undecorated, blank, plain.

**nondedicada** *adj.* undedicated, non-committal.

**nondefendable** *adj.* indefensible, untenable.

**nondefinida** *adj.* undefined, indefinite.

**nondemocrata** *adj.* undemocratic.

**nondemostrada** *adj.* unproven, unconfirmed.

**nondependente** *adj.* not dependent, self-sufficient, standalone; independent, autonomous.

**nondescapasida** *adj.* unimpaired.

**nondescrivable** *adj.* indescribable.

**nondesideda** *adj.* undecided.

**nondesifrable** *adj.* indecipherable.

**nondesirada** *adj.* undesired, undesirable, unwanted.

**nondestruable** *adj.* indestructible.

**nondeterminada** *adj.* indeterminate.

**nondeterministe** *adj.* non-deterministic. ● *n.* non-determinist.

**nondetetada** *adj.* undetected.

**nondevelopada** *adj.* undeveloped.

**nondeviante** *adj.* undeviating, unswerving.

**nondiagnoseda** *adj.* undiagnosed.

**nondijestable** *adj.* indigestible.

**nondinia** *n.* indignity.

**nondiniosa** *adj.* undignified.

**nondireta** *adj.* indirect, roundabout, circuitous, vicarious.

**nondirijeda** *adj.* undirected, unaimed, aimless.

**nondiscreta** *adj.* indiscreet. ● *n.* indiscreet person, bigmouth.

**nondiseda** *adj.* unsaid, unspoken, unstated, unvoiced.

**nondisolvable** *adj.* undissolvable, insoluble.

**nondisponable** *adj.* unavailable.

**nondisponablia** *n.* unavailability.

**nondisputable** *adj.* indisputable, incontrovertible, unimpeachable.

**nondisputada** *adj.* undisputed.

**nondistinguinte** *adj.* indiscriminate, undifferentiated.

**nondisturbada** *adj.* undisturbed, unfazed.

**nondividable** *adj.* indivisible.

**nondivideda** *adj.* undivided.

**nondocumentida** *adj.* undocumented.

**nonduable** *adj.* odd (*number*).

**nondulsida** *adj.* unsweetened.

**nondutable** *adj.* undoubtable, indubitable, unequivocal, unquestionable.

**nondutada** *adj.* undoubted, unqualified.

**nonecuilibra** *n.* imbalance.

**noneducada** *adj.* uneducated, unschooled, uncultured, ignorant, unskilled, menial.

**nonegable** *adj.* undeniable.

**nonegada** *adj.* undenied.

**nonegal** *adj.* unequal, non-equivalent.

**nonegalia** *n.* inequality, disparity, discrepancy.

**nonegosa** *adj.* unselfish.

**nonelastica** *adj.* inelastic.

**nonelasticia** *n.* inelasticity.

**nonelejable** *adj.* unelectable, ineligible.

**nonemosiada** *adj.* unmoved.

**nonemosiosa** *adj.* unemotional, unfeeling, cold.

**nonempatica** *adj.* non-empathic, hard-hearted.

**nonemplea** *n.* unemployment.

**nonempleada** *adj.* unemployed, jobless.

**nonenforsable** *adj.* unenforceable.

**nonenganante** *adj.* guileless, artless.

**nonenscrivor** *n.* non-subscriber.

**nonerante** *adj.* inerrant, infallible, unerring.

**nonesata** *adj.* inexact, imprecise, inaccurate. ● *adv.* not exactly, not quite.

**nonesatia** *n.* inaccuracy.

**nonescusable** *adj.* inexcusable.

**nonesededa** *adj.* unsurpassed.

**nonesensal** *adj.* non-essential, extrinsic.

**nonesesada** *adj.* unnecessary, undue, dispensable.

**nonesiste** *n.* non-existence.

**nonesistente** *adj.* non-existent.

**nonesitante** *adj.* unhesitating, unfaltering, unflinching.

**nonesperia** *n.* inexperience.

**nonesperta** *adj.* inexpert.

**nonespetada** *adj.* unexpected, unanticipated, unplanned, quirky.

**nonespetante** *adj.* not expecting, unwitting.

**nonesplicable** *adj.* unexplainable, inexplicable.

**nonesplotada** *adj.* unexploited, untapped.

**nonespresable** *adj.* unspeakable, ineffable.

**nonespresosa** *adj.* unexpressive, undemonstrative, reticent, taciturn, deadpan.

**nonestimable** *adj.* inestimable, invaluable, priceless.

**nonestrable** *adj.* inextricable.

**nonestrema** *adj.* non-extreme, mild, moderate.

**nonetical** *adj.* unethical.

**noneticetida** *adj.* unlabelled (US unlabeled).

**noneuclidal** *adj.* non-Euclidean.

**nonevadable** *adj.* inescapable.

**nonevitable** *adj.* inevitable, unavoidable, inexorable.

**nonfatigable** *adj.* indefatigable, tireless.

**nonfavorable** *adj.* unfavourable (US unfavorable).

**nonfavoreda** *n.* underdog.

**nonfavorente** *adj.* unflattering (*garment*).

**nonfelis** *adj.* unhappy, cheerless.

**nonfelisia** *n.* unhappiness, cheerlessness.

**nonferable** *adj.* invulnerable.

**nonferida** *adj.* unhurt, unharmed, uninjured, unscathed.

**nonfermentada** *adj.* unleavened.

**nonfertil** *adj.* infertile, sterile, barren.

**nonfertilia** *n.* infertility.

**nonfida** *n.* unfaithfulness, disloyalty.

**nonfidable** *adj.* untrustworthy, unreliable, undependable, irresponsible, erratic, feckless.

**nonfidosa** *adj.* unfaithful, disloyal.

**nonfiltrida** *adj.* unfiltered.

**nonfininte** *adj.* unending, endless, interminable.

**nonfinitiva** *adj.* non-finite.

**nonfinjosa** *adj.* unpretentious, naive.

**nonfisada** *adj.* unfixed, loose.

**nonflamable** *adj.* non-flammable.

**nonfluente** *adj.* non-fluent, faltering, broken, halting (*speech*).

**nonflutuante** *adj.* unremittent.

**nonfocada** *adj.* unfocused, out of focus.

**nonformal** *adj.* informal.

**nonformalia** *n.* informality.

**nonforte** *adj.* insubstantial.

**nonfortunosa** *adj.* unlucky, unfortunate, inauspicious, hapless, lamentable, poor, underprivileged. ● *n.*underdog.

**nonfrecuente** *adj.* infrequent, occasional.

**nonfrenida** *adj.* unrestrained, rampant.

**nonfresca** *adj.* stale.

**nonfumor** *n.* non-smoker.

**nonfurtiva** *adj.* open, blatant, flagrant, overt.

**nongovernable** *adj.* ungovernable.

**nongradida** *adj.* ungraded, unranked, unrated.

**nongrandida** *adj.* unenlarged, unmagnified.

**nongrasiada** *adj.* thankless (*task*).

**nongrasiosa** *adj.* ungrateful, thankless (*person*). ● *n.* ingrate.

**nongrave** *adj.* non-virulent.

**nongusta** *n.* dislike.

**nonidrosa** *adj.* anhydrous.

**nonijenial** *adj.* unsanitary.

**nonimajinable** *adj.* unimaginable, inconceivable, unfathomable.

**nonimitable** *adj.* inimitable.

**nonimpedida** *adj.* unimpeded, unhindered, unobstructed, undeterred.

**nonimportante** *adj.* unimportant, insignificant, trite, trivial, inconsequential.

**nonimpostable** *adj.* untaxable.

**nonimpresada** *adj.* unimpressed, blasé, indifferent.

**nonindustrial** *adj.* non-industrial.

**noninformada** *adj.* uninformed.

**noninstruable** *adj.* untrainable, ineducable.

**noninstruida** *adj.* untrained, unskilled.

**nonintelijente** *adj.* unintelligent, obtuse.

**nonintendeda** *adj.* unintended, inadvertent, unplanned, collateral.

**noninteresante** *adj.* uninteresting.

**nonintuable** *adj.* unintuitable, unintuitive (*design*).

**nonintuosa** *adj.* unintuitive (*person*).

**noninvestigada** *adj.* uninvestigated, unscreened.

**noninvitante** *adj.* uninviting, unappetizing.

**nonjusta** *adj.* unjust, unfair.

**nonjustable** *adj.* unjustifiable.

**nonjustia** *n.* injustice, inequity.

**nonlegal** *adj.* illegal, illicit, unlawful, illegitimate, invalid.

**nonlegalia** *n.* illegality, illegitimacy.

**nonlejable** *n.* unreadable, illegible.

**nonlejablia** *n.* unreadableness, illegibility.

**nonleteral** *adj.* non-literal, figurative.

**nonliada** *adj.* unconnected, disjointed.

**nonlibre** *adj.* unfree, restricted, captive.

**nonlibria** *n.* captivity.

**nonlimitada** *adj.* unlimited, infinite, boundless, unbounded, countless, innumerable.

**nonlimpa** *adj.* unclean.

**nonlinial** *adj.* non-linear.

**nonliscosa** *adj.* non-slip.

**nonlisensada** *adj.* unlicensed.

**nonlistada** *adj.* unlisted.

**nonlodada** *adj.* unpraised, unsung.

**nonlodante** *adj.* unflattering.

**nonlojical** *adj.* illogical.

**nonlojicalia** *n.* illogicality.

**nonluminada** *adj.* unilluminated; unenlightened, benighted.

**nonmalida** *adj.* unspoiled, uncorrupted, unsullied.

**nonmanejable** *adj.* unmanageable.

**nonmanxada** *adj.* unmarked, unblemished, unsullied, untainted, immaculate, pristine.

**nonmapada** *adj.* unmapped, uncharted.

**nonmarinor** *n.* non-sailor, landlubber.

**nonmatante** *adj.* non-fatal.

**nonmaterial** *adj.* immaterial, insubstantial, intangible.

**nonmatur** *adj.* immature, unripe, callow.

**nonmaturia** *n.* immaturity.

**nonmedisinida** *adj.* unmedicated.

**nonmeritada** *adj.* undeserved, unmerited, unwarranted, unjustified, undue.

**nonmeritante** *adj.* unworthy.

**nonmesurable** *adj.* immeasurable.

**nonmesurada** *adj.* unmeasured.

**nonmetal** *adj.* & *n.* non-metal.

**nonmetral** *adj.* non-metric, imperial.

**nonmilitar** *adj.* & *n.* civilian.

**nonmoderada** *adj.* immoderate, intemperate.

**nonmodesta** *adj.* immodest.

**nonmodosa** *adj.* unfashionable, unstylish, dowdy, frumpy.

**nonmoral** *adj.* immoral, unprincipled, unprofessional, unscrupulous.

**nonmoralia** *n.* immorality, iniquity.

**nonmorinte** *adj.* undying.

**nonmortal** *adj.* immortal, imperishable, non-perishable.

**nonmortali** *vi.* & *vt.* immortalize.

**nonmortalia** *n.* immortality.

**nonmostrada** *adj.* unshown, unscreened.

**nonmovable** *adj.* immovable, immobile.

**nonmovente** *adj.* motionless, unmoving, stationary, sessile, immobile.

**nonmundal** *adj.* unworldly.

**nonmutable** *adj.* immutable.

**nonmutablia** *n.* immutability.

**nonobedinte** *adj.* uncompliant.

**nonoblidable** *adj.* unforgettable.

**nonobligada** *adj.* unobligated, unbeholden.

**nonobligante** *adj.* optional, voluntary, not required.

**nonocupada** *adj.* unoccupied.

**nonofendente** *adj.* inoffensive; innocent (*joke*).

**nonofisial** *adj.* unofficial.

**nonoiable** *adj.* inaudible.

**nonoiada** *adj.* unheard.

**nonolable** *adj.* unsmellable, odourless (US odorless).

**nonomida** *adj.* unnamed, nameless.

**nononesta** *adj.* dishonest, shady, dodgy.

**nononestia** *n.* dishonesty.

**nonoperable** *adj.* inoperable.

**nonoportun** *adj.* inopportune, inconvenient, untimely.

**nonoportunia** *n.* inconvenience, hassle.

**nonoposada** *adj.* unopposed.

**nonordinada** *adj.* irregular, out of order, disorganized, unsorted, untucked.

**nonorganica** *adj.* inorganic.

**nonorijinal** *adj.* unoriginal, banal, trite.

**nonormal** *adj.* abnormal, aberrant, odd, strange, irregular. ● *n.* abnormality, aberration, irregularity.

**nonormalia** *n.* abnormality (*state*).

**nonorminte** *adj.* non-normative.

**nonortodox** *adj.* unorthodox, unconventional. ● *n.* maverick.

**nonoscurida** *adj.* unobscured.

**nonosidinte** *adj.* rustproof, stainless.

**nonosiva** *adj.* benign, non-toxic, harmless, innocuous.

**nonotada** *adj.* unnoted, unnoticed. ● *n.* oversight.

**nonotenable** *adj.* unavailable, unobtainable.

**nonpaiada** *adj.* unpaid.

**nonpalinte** *adj.* colourfast (US colorfast).

**nonpalpable** *adj.* impalpable, intangible.

**nonparable** *adj.* unstoppable.

**nonpardona** *n.* grudge, resentment.

**nonpardonable** *adj.* inexcusable, unforgivable.

**nonpardonosa** *adj.* unmerciful.

**nonparlada** *adj.* unspoken; non-verbal.

**nonparolal** *adj.* non-verbal.

**nonpartisan** *adj.* non-partisan, impartial.

**nonpasable** *adj.* implacable.

**nonpasiente** *adj.* impatient.

**nonpasientia** *n.* impatience.

**nonpasionosa** *adj.* passionless, dispassionate.

**nonpasteurida** *adj.* unpasteurized.

**nonpatojen** *adj.* non-pathogenic.

**nonpausante** *adj.* unpausing, non-stop.

**nonpaveda** *adj.* unpaved.

**nonpenetrable** *adj.* impenetrable, impregnable.

**nonpensable** *adj.* unthinkable.

**nonperdente** *adj.* lossless (*compression*).

**nonperfeta** *adj.* imperfect, defective. ● *n.* imperfection, defect, flaw.

**nonperforada** *adj.* unperforated, imperforate.

**nonperiodal** *adj.* irregular, sporadic, intermittent, infrequent.

**nonpermanente** *adj.* impermanent, short-term.

**nonpermanentia** *n.* impermanence.

**nonpermeable** *adj.* impermeable, impervious, hermetic, waterproof, airtight.

**nonpermeteda** *adj.* disallowed, forbidden, unauthorized. ● *n.* no-no.

**nonperosa** *adj.* efficient, cost-effective. **nonperosa de enerjia** energy-efficient.

**nonperosia** *n.* efficiency, performance, cost-effectiveness.

**nonpersepable** *adj.* imperceptible, unnoticeable.

**nonpersonal** *adj.* impersonal.

**nonpertine** *n.* irrelevance.

**nonpertinente** *adj.* irrelevant, invalid, inapplicable, extraneous.

**nonpintida** *adj.* unpainted.

**nonplana** *adj.* uneven, wobbly, bobbly.

**nonplasente** *adj.* unpleasant, disagreeable.

**nonplaserosa** *adj.* unpleasurable, unenjoyable.

**nonpopular** *adj.* unpopular.

**nonporosa** *adj.* non-porous.

**nonposible** *adj.* impossible. ● *n.* impossibility (*something impossible*).

**nonposiblia** *n.* impossibility (*quality*).

**nonpotente** *adj.* unable, incapable, impotent.

**nonpotentia** *n.* impotence.

**nonpratical** *adj.* impractical, impracticable, inconvenient, unfeasible, infeasible.

**nonpredisable** *adj.* unpredictable.

**nonprejudosa** *adj.* unprejudiced, unbiased.

**nonpreparada** *adj.* unprepared, impromptu, extemporary, extemporaneous, unqualified.

**nonprevenable** *adj.* unpreventable.

**nonprevidable** *adj.* unforeseeable.

**nonprevideda** *adj.* unforeseen, unexpected.

**nonprimable** *adj.* unprintable.

**nonprobable** *adj.* improbable, unlikely. ● *n.* improbability, long shot (*something unlikely*).

**nonprobablia** *n.* improbability (*quality*).

**nonprobada** *adj.* untried, untested; unscreened.

**nonproduosa** *adj.* unproductive, ineffective, ineffectual, inefficacious.

**nonproduosia** *n.* unproductiveness, ineffectiveness, ineffectuality, inefficacy.

**nonprofesal** *adj.* unprofessional. ● *n.* non-professional, layman, layperson.

**nonprofitante** *adj.* non-profit.

**nonprofitosa** *adj.* unprofitable.

**nonprofonda** *adj.* shallow.

**nonprogresa** *n.* stalemate, deadlock, standoff, impasse, logjam.

**nonpronunsiable** *adj.* unpronounceable.

**nonproportial** *adj.* disproportionate, incommensurate.

**nonprotejeda** *adj.* unprotected.

**nonpublicida** *adj.* unpublished.

**nonpunida** *adj.* unpunished.

**nonpur** *adj.* impure, unclean.

**nonpuria** *n.* impurity.

**nonputrable** *adj.* imperishable, non-perishable.

**nonramal** *adj.* non-denominational, ecumenical.

**nonrasada** *adj.* unshaven, unshorn.

**nonraspante** *adj.* non-abrasive.

**nonrazonada** *adj.* irrational (*argument*), unjustified.

**nonrazonante** *adj.* irrational (*person*), unreasonable.

**nonreal** *adj.* unreal, irreal, illusory.

**nonrealable** *adj.* unfeasible, infeasible, unworkable, unviable, inviable.

**nonrecambiable** *adj.* irreplaceable.

**nonreconosable** *adj.* unrecognizable.

**nonreduable** *adj.* irreducible.

**nonreenviable** *adj.* non-returnable, unreturnable.

**nonrefinada** *adj.* unrefined.

**nonrefletante** *adj.* non-reflective.

**nonreformida** *adj.* unreformed.

**nonrefutable** *adj.* irrefutable.

**nonreganiable** *adj.* irrecoverable.

**nonregardada** *adj.* unregarded.

**nonregulada** *adj.* unregulated, irregular.

**nonrelatada** *adj.* unrelated.

**nonrelijiosa** *adj.* non-religious, lay, secular, ungodly. ● *n.* layman, layperson. **nonrelijiosas** laymen, laypeople, laity.

**nonremediable** *adj.* irremediable, uncurable, irrecoverable.

**nonremetable** *adj.* irredeemable.

**nonrenovable** *adj.* non-renewable.

**nonreparable** *adj.* irreparable, unfixable.

**nonreparada** *adj.* in disrepair, dilapidated.

**nonrepentinte** *adj.* unrepentant, unapologetic.

**nonreportada** *adj.* unreported.

**nonreprendable** *adj.* irretrievable.

**nonrepresable** *adj.* irrepressible.

**nonrepresentante** *adj.* unrepresentative.

**nonresetante** *adj.* unreceptive.

**nonresistable** *adj.* irresistible, compelling, overwhelming.

**nonrespondente** *adj.* unresponsive.

**nonrestrinjeda** *adj.* unrestrained, unrestricted, unconfined, unimpeded, uninhibited, unreserved, wild, frenetic.

**nonrevelada** *adj.* unrevealed, undisclosed; unturned (*cards*).

**nonreversable** *adj.* irreversible.

**nonritual** *adj.* unceremonious.

**nonrompable** *adj.* unbreakable, shatterproof.

**nonrompeda** *adj.* unbroken.

**nonsabable** *adj.* unknowable.

**nonsabe** *n.* ignorance, lack of knowledge.

**nonsabeda** *adj.* & *n.* unknown. **nonsabeda par** unknown by, unbeknown to.

**nonsabosa** *adj.* ignorant, unknowing, benighted.

**nonsaisonal** *adj.* unseasonable.

**nonsaja** *adj.* unwise.

**nonsalida** *adj.* unsalted.

**nonsana** *adj.* unhealthy.

**nonsanta** *adj.* unholy, profane.

**nonsasia** *vt.* dissatisfy. ● *n.* dissatisfaction.

**nonsasiable** *adj.* insatiable, voracious.

**nonsasiada** *adj.* unsatisfied, dissatisfied, unsatiated.

**nonsasiante** *adj.* unsatisfying, unsatisfactory, unrewarding.

**nonsaturada** *adj.* unsaturated.

**nonscrivable** *adj.* read-only.

**nonscriveda** *adj.* unwritten, oral.

**nonsecur** *adj.* insecure, unsafe, loose.

**nonsecuria** *n.* insecurity.

**nonsecurida** *adj.* unsecured, unlocked, untethered.

**nonsedente** *adj.* unyielding, unrelenting, relentless, unremitting, tenacious, flinty.

**nonsegue** *n.* non sequitur; non-observance, breach. **nonsegue de acorda** breach of contract. **nonsegue sintatical** anacoluthon.

**nonsenesente** *adj.* never-ageing (US never-aging), ageless, timeless.

**nonsensable** *adj.* insensible.

**nonsensante** *adj.* unsensing, insensate.

**nonsensosa** *adj.* insensitive, numb, obtuse.

**nonsensosia** *n.* insensitivity, numbness.

**nonsentosa** *adj.* unfeeling, unsentimental.

**nonsentral** *adj.* non-central, off-centre (US off-center).

**nonseparable** *adj.* inseparable.

**nonseparada** *adj.* indiscrete.

**nonsepsica** *adj.* aseptic.

**nonseria** *adj.* frivolous.

**nonserta** *adj.* uncertain, insecure, unconfident, unassertive, unsure, iffy, moot, unsure.

**nonsertida** *adj.* unchecked, unverified, unconfirmed.

**nonsesal** *adj.* asexual, non-sexual. ● *n.* asexual person, non-sexual person.

**nonsesante** *adj.* unceasing, incessant, continual, non-stop.

**nonsiclin** *adj.* acyclic.

**nonsiensal** *adj.* unscientific.

**nonsimetre** *adj.* asymmetrical, skew.

**nonsimetri** *vi.* & *vt.* skew.

**nonsimetria** *n.* asymmetry.

**nonsimil** *adj.* unlike, unalike, dissimilar.

**nonsincrona** *adj.* asynchronous, out of sync.

**nonsindicatal** *adj.* non-union.

**nonsinsera** *adj.* insincere, disingenuous, glib.

**nonsinseria** *n.* insincerity.

**nonsintomal** *adj.* asymptomatic.

**nonsirculo** *adj.* non-circular, eccentric (*orbit*).

**nonsistemal** *adj.* unsystemic.

**nonsistemosa** *adj.* unsystematic, irregular.

**nonsivilida** *adj.* uncivilized, primitive, savage.

**nonsofisticada** *adj.* unsophisticated, gauche, lowbrow.

**nonsolvable** *adj.* unsolvable, insoluble.

**nonsosial** *adj.* unsocial, unsociable, asocial, detached, distant, remote, cold, aloof, introverted.

**nonsperde** *n.* non-proliferation.

**nonspesialida** *adj.* unspecialized.

**nonspisida** *adj.* unseasoned.

**nonsposia** *n.* spinsterhood, bachelorhood.

**nonsposida** *adj.* unmarried, unwed, single. ● *n.* bachelor, spinster.

**nonstable** *adj.* unstable, unfixed, shifting.

**nonstablia** *n.* instability.

**nonsteril** *adj.* unsterile.

**nonstimulante** *adj.* unexciting.

**nonstruturida** *adj.* unstructured, structureless, freeform.

**nonsufisi** *n.* insufficiency, inadequacy, deficiency, lack, want, dearth, scarcity.

**nonsufisinte** *adj.* insufficient, inadequate, deficient, lacking, wanting, scant; meagre (US meager), sparse, paltry; scanty, skimpy.

**nonsuportable** *adj.* unsupportable.

**nonsuportada** *adj.* unsupported.

**nonsuprapasada** *adj.* unsurpassed.

**nonsupravideda** *adj.* unsupervised.

**nonsurprendeda** *adj.* unsurprised.

**nonsusedosa** *adj.* unsuccessful.

**nonsusida** *adj.* undirtied, unsoiled, unsullied.

**nonsuspetada** *adj.* unsuspected.

**nonsuspetante** *adj.* unsuspecting.

**nonsustable** *adj.* unsustainable.

**nonsutrable** *adj.* unremovable, irremovable, indelible.

**nontatosa** *adj.* tactless, indelicate.

**nontemal** *adj.* off-topic.

**nontemosa** *adj.* intrepid, fearless.

**nontemperada** *adj.* intemperate.

**nonteni** *n.* non-attachment.

**nonteral** *adj.* unearthly.

**nontipal** *adj.* untypical, atypical, uncharacteristic.

**nontocable** *adj.* untouchable, intangible.

**nontocada** *adj.* untouched.

**nontolera** *n.* bigotry, intolerance.

**nontolerable** *adj.* unbearable, intolerable, insufferable.

**nontolerante** *adj.* intolerant, bigoted.

**nontoleror** *n.* bigot.

**nontonal** *adj.* atonal.

**nontradisional** *adj.* non-traditional, untraditional.

**nontraduable** *adj.* untranslatable.

**nontraduida** *adj.* untranslated.

**nontransitiva** *adj.* intransitive.

**nontransparente** *adj.* untransparent.

**nontrasable** *adj.* untraceable.

**nontratable** *adj.* untreatable, intractable.

**nonumana** *adj.* inhuman, non-human.

**nonumerable** *adj.* innumerable, umpteenth.

**nonusa** *n.* disuse, desuetude.

**nonusable** *adj.* unusable, useless.

**nonusada** *adj.* unused, out of use.

**nonusosa** *adj.* useless, idle, feckless.

**nonusual** *adj.* unusual, odd, different, unconventional, uncharacteristic, uncustomary. ● *adv.* unusually.

**nonvalida** *adj.* invalid, spurious.

**nonvantaje** *n.* disadvantage, handicap (*including golf*), demerit, drawback. **con nonvantaje** disadvantaged, handicapped.

**nonvariable** *adj.* invariable.

**nonvariablia** *n.* invariability.

**nonvasilante** *adj.* resolute, decisive.

**nonvasinida** *adj.* unvaccinated.

**nonvenenosa** *adj.* non-toxic, non-poisonous, atoxic.

**nonvera** *n.* untrue thing, untruth.

**nonveria** *n.* untruth, untrueness.

**nonvertebrato** *adj.* invertebrate, spineless. ● *n.* invertebrate.

**nonvidable** *adj.* invisible.

**nonvidablia** *n.* invisibility.

**nonvideda** *adj.* unseen, unwitnessed.

**nonvinsable** *adj.* invincible, insurmountable, insuperable.

**nonvinseda** *adj.* unbeaten, undefeated.

**nonviolable** *adj.* inviolable, sacrosanct.

**nonviolente** *adj.* non-violent.

**nonvolatil** *adj.* non-volatile.

**nonvolente** *adj.* unwilling, reluctant, indisposed. **volente o nonvolente** willy-nilly, like it or not.

**nonxercada** *adj.* unsolicited.

**nonzelosa** *adj.* unenthusiastic, cool.

**no-oblida-me** *n.* forget-me-not (*plant*: *Myosotis*).

**norde** *adj.* north, northern, upstate. ● *n.* north. **a norde** northward, northwards. **a norde de** to the north of.**Mar Norde** North Sea. **norde-este** *adj.* northeast, northeasterly. ● *n.* northeast. **norde-norde-este** *adj.*& *n.* north-northeast. **norde-norde-ueste** *adj.* & *n.* north-northwest. **norde-sentral** *adj.* central north.**norde-ueste** *adj.* northwest, northwesterly. ● *n.* northwest.

**nordica** *adj.* Norse.

**norepinefrina** *n.* norepinephrine, noradrenaline (*hormone*).

**nori** *n.* nori, laver, slake (*seaweed*).

**Noria** *n.* Norway.

**norma** *n.* norm, standard; par (*golf*). **du su la norma** eagle (*two below par*). **normas** code, ethos. **normas de condui** code of behaviour (US behavior). **normas moral** moral code, ethics. **tre su la norma**albatross (*three below par*). **un su la norma** birdie (*one below par*). **un supra la norma** bogey (*one above par*).

**normal** *adj.* normal, ordinary, usual, standard, normative, conventional, regular. ● *adv.* normally, ordinarily, usually.

**normali** *vi.* & *vt.* normalize, institutionalize, canonicalize. ● *n.* normalization, institutionalization, canonicalization.

**normalia** *n.* normality, normalcy, regularity.

**normande** *adj.* & *n.* Norman.

**Normandia** *n.* Normandy.

**normi** *vt.* standardize. ● *n.* standardization.

**norminte** *adj.* standardizing, normative.

**normoblasto** *n.* normoblast (*blood cell*).

**norsce** *adj.* Norwegian. **Mar Norsce** Norwegian Sea.

**nos** *pron.* we, us.

**nosa** *det.* our. **la nosa** ours.

**nosebo** *adj.* & *n.* nocebo (*medical*).

**nosiva** *adj.* noxious, toxic, virulent, harmful, pernicious, prejudicial, deleterious, detrimental.

**nosolojia** *n.* nosology.

**nosolojiste** *n.* nosologist.

**nostaljia** *n.* nostalgia.

**nostaljial** *adj.* nostalgic.

**nota** *vt.* note, make a note of; minute; mention. ● *n.* note, annotation; memorandum, memo, message, short letter; notice (*displayed information*); note (*music*). **nota basa** footnote. **nota bon** by the way, nota bene.**nota codal** endnote. **nota de reseta** receipt. **nota de validi** certificate. **notas** notes; minutes (*of meeting*).

**notable** *adj.* notable, mentionable, noticeable, remarkable, considerable. ● *adv.* notably, noticeably, remarkably, considerably.

**notada** *adj.* noted. **ja notada** already mentioned, aforementioned.

**notario** *n.* notary, scrivener, solicitor’s clerk.

**note** *n.* night. **a note** at night, in the night, overnight. **note des-du** Twelfth Night. **note tarda** late night. **per la note** for the night. **tra la note** throughout the night, overnight.

**noti** *vi.* become night. ● *n.* nightfall, dusk.

**notocorda** *n.* notochord (*anatomy*).

**notor** *n.* noter, notetaker; secretary, minute taker.

**noturna** *adj.* nocturnal. ● *n.* nocturne (*art*, *music*).

**nova**¹ *adj.* new, novel, recent. ● *adv.* newly, freshly. **bon novas** good news, good tidings. **la plu nova** newest, latest. **mal novas** bad news, bad tidings. **novas** news, tidings, current events.

**nova**² *n.* nova (*star*).

**nove** *det.* nine. ● *adj.* ninth (*ordinal*).

**novedes** *det.* ninety. ● *adj.* ninetieth (*ordinal*).

**novedesi** *n.* ninetieth (*fraction*).

**novela** *n.* novel. **novela rosa** romantic novel, romance.

**noveleta** *n.* novella.

**novelor** *n.* novelist.

**novembre** *n.* November.

**novena** *n.* novena (*prayers*).

**noveta** *n.* novelty, curiosity (*item*).

**novi** *vi.* & *vt.* split into nine. ● *n.* ninth (*fraction*).

**novia** *n.* newness, novelty.

**noza** *n.* nut; walnut. **noza de Brazil** Brazil nut.

**nozeta** *n.* hazelnut, filbert (*nut*).

**nozeto** *n.* hazel, filbert (*tree*: *Carylus*).

**nozin** *adj.* nutlike, nutty.

**nozo** *n.* walnut tree (*Juglans*). **nozo de Brazil** Brazil nut tree (*Bertholletiar*).

**nozosa** *adj.* nutty (*full of nuts*).

**-nte** *adj.suff.* -ing; e.g. *un can dorminte*; *leje es divertinte*. ● *n.suff.* -er (*substance*, *object*); e.g. *pleninte*;*covrente*.

**nu** *n.* nu (*Greek letter*).

**nube** *n.* cloud. **nube de zucar** marshmallow. **nube oscur** dark cloud, pall. **sin nube** cloudless, cloudfree.

**nubosa** *adj.* cloudy, overcast.

**nubosia** *n.* cloudiness.

**nuca** *n.* nape, scruff, back of the neck.

**nucleal** *adj.* nuclear, nucleic.

**nucleo** *n.* nucleus, kernel; head (*syntax*).

**nucleol** *n.* nucleolus (*biology*).

**nucleon** *n.* nucleon (*particle*).

**nucleotido** *n.* nucleotide.

**nuda** *adj.* nude, naked, bare, exposed.

**nudi** *vi.* & *vt.* strip, bare, denude.

**nudia** *n.* nudity, nakedness.

**nudifilo** *n.* wire stripper.

**nudisme** *n.* nudism, naturism.

**nudiste** *n.* nudist, naturist.

**nuga** *n.* nougat (*confectionery*).

**numatico** *n.* tyre (US tire).

**numeno** *n.* noumenon (*philosophy*).

**numeral** *adj.* numeric.

**numeri** *vt.* number, assign a number to. **numeri de pajes** pagination. **numeri la pajes de** paginate.

**numerisme** *n.* numeracy.

**numeriste** *adj.* numerate.

**numero** *n.* number (*in sequence*); numeral (*grammar*); issue, edition (*periodical*); item, entry (*in list*). **la numero du** the second one. **numero de sinia** character number, code position, code point, code number (*software*). **numero duable** even number. **numero natural** natural number, whole number. **numero nonduable** odd number. **numero primal** prime number. **numero sin custa** freephone number, toll-free number. See *cuantia*.

**numerolojia** *n.* numerology.

**numerolojiste** *n.* numerologist.

**numismatia** *n.* numismatics, coin collecting.

**numismatial** *adj.* numismatic.

**numismatiste** *n.* numismatist, coin collector.

**nun** *pron.* no one, nobody.

**Nunavut** *n.* Nunavut (*Canadian province*).

**nunca** *adv.* never, not ever.

**nuntxacu** *n.* nunchaku, nunchuk (*weapon*).

**nuragal** *adj.* Nuragic (*civilization*).

**nurage** *n.* nuraghe (*tower*).

**nural** *adj.* nutritional.

**nuri** *vt.* feed, nourish; fuel. ● *n.* nourishment, nutrition.

**nurinte** *adj.* nutritious. ● *n.* nutrient.

**nuriste** *n.* nutritionist.

O

**o**¹ [o] *letter* o.

**o**² *conj.* or. **o … o** either … or; e.g. *o esta o acel*.

**o**³ *interj.* oh; O (*vocative*).

**-o**⁴ *n.suff.* male; tree; e.g. *ava/avo*; *poma/pomo*.

**oasis** *n.* oasis.

**obedi** *vt.* obey, follow, observe, abide by, comply with. ● *n.* obedience.

**obedinte** *adj.* obedient, obeying, compliant.

**obelisce** *n.* obelisk.

**obesa** *adj.* obese, fat, overweight, plump, corpulent, portly, stout, flabby.

**obesia** *n.* obesity, fatness.

**obi** *n.* obi (*sash*).

**oblida** *vt.* forget. **oblida lo** forget it, forget about it, never mind.

**oblidable** *adj.* forgettable.

**oblidante** *adj.* forgetful.

**obliga** *vt.* oblige, obligate, compel, necessitate, force (*socially*). ● *n.* obligation, commitment, duty, responsibility.**obliga finansial** bond.

**obligada** *adj.* obligated, compelled, beholden.

**obligante** *adj.* obligatory, compulsory, mandatory.

**oboe** *n.* oboe.

**oboiste** *n.* oboist.

**obra** *n.* opus, work (*of art*, *literature*, *music*, *etc.*). **obra de arte** artwork, work of art, objet d’art. **obra mestral** masterpiece, masterwork, magnum opus.

**obus** *n.* howitzer (*gun*).

**ocapi** *n.* okapi (*animal*: *Okapia johnstoni*).

**ocarina** *n.* ocarina (*musical instrument*).

**oce** *adj.* OK, okay, all right, alright, good enough, acceptable. ● *interj.* OK, okay, all right, alright, yes, yep. **ma oce** oh well (*mild disappointment*).

**ocer** *adj.* ochre (US ocher) (*colour*). ● *n.* ochre (US ocher) (*pigment*).

**ocroma** *n.* balsa (*tree*, *wood*: *Ochroma pyramidale*).

**oculeria** *n.* optician’s, glasses store.

**oculiste** *n.* oculist, optician.

**oculo** *n.* spectacles, glasses, eyeglasses. **oculo coretinte** corrective glasses. **oculo de sol** sunglasses. **oculo protejente** goggles.

**oculon** *n.* goggles.

**oculta** *adj.* & *n.* occult.

**oculti** *vi.* & *vt.* occult. ● *n.* occultation.

**ocultisme** *n.* occultism.

**ocultiste** *adj.* occultist, occult. ● *n.* occultist.

**ocupa** *vt.* occupy. ● *n.* occupation, occupancy; walk of life.

**ocupada** *adj.* occupied, busy. **casa nonlegal ocupada** squat.

**ocupal** *adj.* occupational.

**ocupante** *adj.* occupying.

**ocupor** *n.* occupant, occupier; occupying force. **ocupor nonlegal** squatter, illegal occupant.

**odalisce** *n.* odalisque (*slave*).

**ode** *n.* ode (*poem*).

**odia** *vt.* hate, detest, abominate, resent, abhor, loathe, anathematize. ● *n.* odium, hatred, animosity, resentment, spite, abomination, acrimony, ill feeling.

**odiable** *adj.* detestable, abominable, reprehensible, odious, loathsome, execrable, heinous, abhorrent. ● *n.*abomination, atrocity.

**odiablia** *n.* odiousness.

**odiada** *adj.* hated, detested. ● *n.* anathema.

**-odinia** *n.suff.* -odynia (*pain*).

**odiosa** *adj.* hateful, spiteful, resentful, bitchy, splenetic, vindictive.

**Odisea** *n.* Odyssey (*poem*). **odisea** *n.* odyssey.

**odjibua** *adj.* & *n.* Ojibwa, Chippewa (*person*, *language*).

**odometre** *n.* odometer.

**odontia** *n.* dentistry, odontology.

**odontiste** *n.* odontologist.

**odor** *n.* smell, scent, odour (US odor). **bon odor** good smell, aroma, fragrance. **con odor agu** acrid, pungent.**mal odor** bad smell, stink, stench. **sin odor** odourless (US odorless), unscented.

**odoreta** *n.* whiff, faint smell.

**odori** *vi.* smell (*give off a smell*); e.g. *la lete odori strana*. ● *vt.* cause to smell. **odori bon** smell good. **odori mal** smell bad. See *ole*.

**odorosa** *adj.* smelly, odorous, strong-smelling, redolent.

**ofende** *vt.* offend, appall (US appal), shock, trespass against. ● *n.* offence (US offense), offensiveness, obscenity, shock, affront, umbrage.

**ofendeda** *adj.* offended, indignant, resentful. **es ofendeda par** be offended by, resent.

**ofendente** *adj.* offensive, disgusting, obscene, distasteful.

**ofendor** *n.* offender.

**ofisia** *n.* office, agency, bureau, facility; practice (*medical*, *legal*); position (*authority*). **ofisia a casa** home office.**ofisia de comersia** chamber of commerce. **ofisia de governa** ministry. **ofisia de informa** information office, information bureau. **ofisia de intercambia** currency exchange, bureau de change. **ofisia de pape**pontificate. **ofisia de polisia** police station. **ofisia de posta** post office. **ofisia de site** town hall, city hall.

**ofisial** *adj.* official.

**ofisior** *n.* officer, official (*person*), officeholder, commissar, commissary. **ofisior alta** high-ranking officer, dignitary. **ofisior militar** military officer. **ofisior publica** public official, civil servant, public servant.

**ofre** *vt.* offer, bid, tender. ● *n.* offer, offering, bid. **ofre e compra** supply and demand. **ofre min ca** underbid.**ofre plu ca** outbid. **ofre prometeda** votive offering. **ofre respondente** counteroffer. **ofre se per**volunteer for.

**ofror** *n.* bidder.

**oftalmite** *n.* ophthalmia, ophthalmitis.

**oftalmo-** *pref.* ophthalmo- (*eye*).

**oftalmolojia** *n.* ophthalmology.

**oftalmolojiste** *n.* ophthalmologist, oculist.

**oftalmoplejia** *n.* ophthalmoplegia.

**oftalmoscopi** *n.* ophthalmoscopy.

**oftalmoscopio** *n.* ophthalmoscope.

**ogam** *n.* ogham (*alphabet*).

**oganeson** *n.* oganesson (*element*).

**ogro** *n.* ogre (*mythology*).

**Ohio** [ohaio] *n.* Ohio (*US state*). **Rio Ohio** Ohio River.

**Ohotsc, Mar** *n.* Sea of Okhotsk.

**oia** *vt.* hear. ● *n.* (*sense of*) hearing. **no oia** miss, not hear. **oia acaso** overhear. **oia secreta** eavesdrop.

**oiable** *adj.* audible.

**oiada** *adj.* heard. **acaso oiada** overheard. **oiadas** hearsay.

**-oide** *adj.suff.* -oid (*shaped*).

**oieta** *n.* eyelet, grommet (*hole*).

**oio** *n.* eye. **con oios protendente** with bulging eyes, bug-eyed. **oio brunida** black eye, shiner. **oio de pex**fisheye; fisheye lens.

**ojetal** *adj.* objective (*of an object or target*).

**ojeto** *n.* object (*including grammar*), target, goal, objective, cause. **ojeto sielal** astronomical object, celestial object, heavenly body.

**oji** *adv.* & *n.* today.

**ojiva** *n.* ogive (*architecture*, *statistics*); warhead. **ojiva nucleal** nuclear warhead.

**Oklahoma** *n.* Oklahoma (*US state*).

**-ol** *n.suff.* -ol (*chemistry*).

**olable** *adj.* smellable, perceptible by smell.

**olal** *adj.* olfactory.

**olandes** *adj.* hollandaise. **salsa olandes** hollandaise sauce.

**olartica** *adj.* holarctic (*ecology*).

**ole** *vt.* smell (*perceive the smell of*). ● *n.* (*sense of*) smell, olfaction. See *odori*.

**oleandro** *n.* oleander (*plant*: *Nerium oleander*).

**oli** *vt.* oil. ● *n.* oiling.

**olibano** *n.* frankincense (*resin*).

**oligarca** *n.* oligarch.

**oligarcia** *n.* oligarchy.

**oligo-** *pref.* oligo- (*few*).

**oligosacarido** *n.* oligosaccharide (*sugar*).

**oligosene** *adj.* & *n.* Oligocene (*geology*).

**Olimpia** *n.* Olympia (*in Greece*).

**olimpiada** *n.* Olympiad.

**olimpial** *adj.* Olympic. **Juas Olimpial** Olympic Games, Olympics.

**olimpian** *adj.* & *n.* Olympian.

**Olimpo, Monte** *n.* Mount Olympus.

**olin** *adj.* oily, oil-like.

**olio** *n.* oil. **olio de balena** whale oil.

**oliosa** *adj.* oily, full of oil.

**olisme** *n.* holism.

**oliste** *adj.* holistic. ● *n.* holist.

**olito** *n.* oolite, ooid (*geology*).

**oliva** *adj.* olive, olive green. ● *n.* olive (*fruit*).

**olivo** *n.* olive (*tree*: *Olea europaea*).

**olmo** *n.* elm (*Ulmus*).

**olo-** *pref.* holo- (*whole*).

**olocausto** *n.* holocaust. **Olocausto** *n.* Jewish Holocaust, Shoah.

**olografi** *vt.* make a hologram of.

**olografia** *n.* holography.

**olografial** *adj.* holographic.

**ologram** *n.* hologram.

**olosene** *adj.* & *n.* Holocene (*geology*).

**om** *n.* man; guy, bloke, chap, fellow; (*colloquial*) husband. **om de carera** career man. **om de casa** man of the house, male homemaker, househusband, stay-at-home dad. **om de corte** courtier. **om de mundo** socialite.**om de neva** snowman. **om joven** young man; whelp. **om-lupia** *n.* lycanthropy. **om-lupo** *n.* werewolf, lycanthrope.

**-oma** *n.suff.* -oma (*tumour*).

**omareta** *n.* scampi, langoustine, Norway lobster, Dublin Bay prawn (*Nephrops norvegicus*).

**omaro** *n.* lobster (*Nephropidae*).

**Ombai, Streta** *n.* Ombai Strait.

**ombilical** *adj.* umbilical.

**ombilico** *n.* navel, belly button, tummy button, umbilicus.

**ombra**¹ *n.* shadow, shade; silhouette.

**ombra**² *adj.* umber (*colour*). ● *n.* umber (*pigment*).

**ombral** *adj.* shadow.

**ombri** *vt.* overshadow, put into shadow, cast a shadow over; upstage; shade, shade in.

**ombrida** *adj.* overshadowed, dwarfed; shaded, shady.

**ombrin** *adj.* shadowy (*like a shadow*).

**ombrosa** *adj.* shadowy (*full of shadows*).

**ome** *n.* ohm (*unit of resistance*).

**omega** *n.* omega (*Greek letter*).

**omeleta** *n.* omelette (US omelet).

**omento** *n.* omentum (*anatomy*).

**omeo-** *pref.* homoeo- (US homeo-) (*same*).

**omeopatia** *n.* homoeopathy (US homeopathy).

**omeopatica** *adj.* homoeopathic (US homeopathic).

**omeopatiste** *n.* homoeopath (US homeopath).

**omeostasal** *adj.* homoeostatic (US homeostatic).

**omeostase** *n.* homoeostasis (US homeostasis) (*biology*).

**omero** *n.* humerus (*anatomy*).

**omete** *vt.* omit, skip, leave out, cut out. ● *n.* omission, cut, skip.

**omia** *n.* manhood, maleness.

**omicron** *n.* omicron (*Greek letter*).

**omin** *adj.* manlike, mannish.

**ominido** *n.* hominid.

**omisidal** *adj.* homicidal.

**omiside** *vt.* murder, commit murder, commit homicide. ● *n.* murder, homicide (*action*).

**omisideda** *n.* murder victim.

**omisidente** *adj.* murdering, murderous.

**omisidor** *n.* murderer, homicide (*person*).

**omni-** *pref.* omni- (*all*).

**omnipotente** *n.* omnipotent, almighty.

**omnipotentia** *adj.* omnipotence.

**omnipresente** *adj.* omnipresent, ubiquitous.

**omnipresentia** *n.* omnipresence, ubiquity.

**omnisiente** *adj.* omniscient.

**omnisientia** *n.* omniscience.

**omnivor** *adj.* omnivorous. ● *n.* omnivore.

**omo-** *pref.* homo- (*same*).

**omoerotica** *adj.* homoerotic.

**omofobia** *n.* homophobia.

**omofobica** *adj.* homophobic. ● *n.* homophobe, homophobic.

**omofon** *adj.* homophonous. ● *n.* homophone.

**omojen** *adj.* homogeneous, homogene.

**omojeni** *vi.* & *vt.* homogenize.

**omojenia** *n.* homogeneity.

**omoloja** *adj.* homologous. ● *n.* homologue (US homolog), homology (*something homologous*).

**omolojia** *n.* homology (*quality*).

**omonim** *adj.* homonymous. ● *n.* homonym, namesake.

**omonimia** *n.* homonymy.

**omorganal** *adj.* homorganic.

**omosesal** *adj.* & *n.* homosexual.

**omosesalia** *n.* homosexuality.

**on**¹ *pron.* one, you, they (*an arbitrary person or people in general*).

**-on**² *n.suff.* (*larger variant*); e.g. *cason*; *denton*; *jacon*.

**-on**³ *n.suff.* -on (*particle*); e.g. *neutron*; *foton*; *codon*; *interferon*.

**-ona** *n.suff.* -one (*chemistry*).

**onca** *n.* hook. **onca de casola** pothook. **onca de pexa** fishhook.

**onci** *vt.* hook, hook up; dock, couple.

**oncianelo** *n.* hook-and-eye closure, hook-and-eye fastener.

**oncin** *adj.* hooked, hooklike.

**oncolojia** *n.* oncology.

**oncolojial** *adj.* oncological.

**oncolojiste** *n.* oncologist.

**onda** *vi.* wave, undulate, heave. ● *vt.* cause to wave, undulate. ● *n.* wave (*including of emotion*), undulation.**onda corta** shortwave. **onda de ataca** assault wave. **onda de caldia** heatwave. **onda de opina** wave of support, groundswell. **onda de xoca** shockwave. **onda sismica** shockwave. **onda spumante** breaker.**ondas** waves; ups and downs, vicissitudes. **ondas de caldia** hot flash, hot flush.

**ondante** *adj.* undulating, undulant, corrugated.

**ondatra** *n.* muskrat (*rodent*: *Ondatra zibethicus*).

**ondeta** *vi.* & *vt.* ripple; flutter (*flag*). ● *n.* ripple, wavelet, flutter.

**ondin** *adj.* wavelike, corrugated.

**ondon** *n.* surge, torrent, huge wave.

**ondosa** *adj.* wavy; undulating, heaving.

**onduran** *adj.* & *n.* Honduran.

**Onduras** *n.* Honduras.

**onesta** *adj.* honest, truthful.

**onestia** *n.* honesty, candour (US candor).

**onicoforo** *n.* onychophor (*organism*: *Onychophora*).

**onion** *n.* onion (*plant*, *bulb*: *Allium cepa*).

**oniromansia** *n.* oneiromancy (*divination*).

**onisco** *n.* woodlouse, pill bug, roly-poly (*Oniscidea*).

**onix** *n.* onyx (*mineral*).

**onomatopea** *n.* onomatopoeia.

**onomatopeal** *adj.* onomatopoeic.

**onora** *vt.* honour (US honor), commemorate, credit, glorify. ● *n.* honour (US honor), credit (*for achievement*), face; commemoration, homage, honourableness (US honorableness), reverence, glory. **salva la onora** save face. **salvante de onora** face-saving.

**onorable** *adj.* honourable (US honorable); venerable, reverend (*form of address*).

**onorada** *n.* honoree, laureate. **vea onorada** time-honoured (US time-honored).

**onoral** *adj.* honorary, commemorative.

**onorosa** *adj.* honourable (US honorable), upstanding. ● *adv.* honourably (US honorably), with honour (US honor).

**onsa** *n.* ounce (*unit of weight*).

**Ontario** *n.* Ontario. **Lago Ontario** Lake Ontario.

**onto-** *pref.* onto- (*existence*).

**ontojenia** *n.* ontogeny (*biology*).

**ontojenial** *adj.* ontogenetic.

**ontolojia** *n.* ontology.

**ontolojial** *adj.* ontological, ontologic.

**op** *interj.* oops, whoops, uh-oh.

**opaca** *adj.* opaque.

**opacia** *n.* opacity.

**opal** *n.* opal (*gem*).

**opalin** *adj.* opaline, opalescent, iridescent, nacreous.

**opalinia** *n.* opalescence.

**opera**¹ *vi.* operate, function, work; operate, perform surgery; e.g. *la macina opera bon*; *la sirurjiste opera sur la pasiente*; *la sirurjiste opera a la tumor*. — *Opera* is similar in meaning to *funsiona*, but suggests that someone is managing the proceedings. ● *vt.* operate, work (*machine*, *system*). ● *n.* operation, functioning. See*funsiona*.

**opera**² *n.* opera (*music*).

**operable** *adj.* operable.

**operada** *n.* operand.

**operador** *n.* operator (*mathematics*, *logic*).

**operante** *adj.* functioning, functional, working; operant (*psychology*).

**opereta** *n.* operetta.

**operor** *n.* operator (*person*).

**-opia** *n.suff.* -opia (*eye condition*).

**opiato** *n.* opiate (*drug*).

**-opica** *adj.suff.* -opic (*eye condition*).

**opina** *vt.* opine, think, have an opinion, hold a view. ● *n.* opinion, mind.

**opinosa** *adj.* opinionated.

**opio** *n.* opium (*drug*).

**opioide** *n.* opioid (*drug*).

**oplita** *n.* hoplite (*soldier*).

**oportun** *adj.* opportune, convenient, handy, expedient. ● *n.* opportunity, chance. **acaso oportun** opportunity.**aveni oportun** opportune occasion. **momento oportun** opportune moment.

**oportunia** *n.* opportunity, convenience.

**oportunisme** *n.* opportunism.

**oportuniste** *adj.* opportunistic. ● *n.* opportunist.

**oposa** *vt.* oppose, object, withstand, contrast, counter, demur, counteract, parry, antagonize. ● *n.* objection, opposition, antagonism, contrast.

**oposada** *adj.* opposed, opposite; complementary (*colour*). ● *n.* opposite, antithesis; complement (*colour*).

**oposante** *adj.* opposing, opposite, contrary, adverse, antagonistic, dissident, antithetical, wayward.

**oposor** *n.* opponent, rival, adversary, antagonist.

**oposum** *n.* opossum (*marsupial*: *Didelphidae*).

**opresa** *vt.* oppress. ● *n.* oppression.

**opresante** *adj.* oppressive.

**opresor** *n.* oppressor.

**-opsia** *n.suff.* -opsy (*medical*).

**optometria** *n.* optometry.

**optometriste** *n.* optometrist, optician, oculist.

**-or** *n.suff.* -er (*person*); e.g. *joglor*; *xapor*; *modernor*.

**ora** *n.* hour, time. **ora de adormi** bedtime. **ora de come** mealtime, dinnertime, suppertime. **ora de labora**man-hour. **ora de presa** rush hour, peak hour. **ora de retira** curfew. **ora de te** teatime. **ora favoreda**prime time.

**oraculal** *adj.* oracular.

**oraculo** *n.* oracle.

**-orafia** *n.suff.* -orrhaphy (*medical*).

**orangutan** *n.* orangutan (*Pongo*).

**orani** *vi.* & *vt.* turn orange.

**orania** *adj.* orange (*colour*). ● *n.* orange (*fruit*). **orania amarga** bitter orange (*Citrus*× *aurantium*).

**oranieria** *n.* orangery.

**oranin** *adj.* orangey. **oranin brun** tawny.

**oranio** *n.* orange tree (*Citrus sinensis*).

**oratorio** *n.* oratory.

**orbita** *vt.* orbit. ● *n.* orbit; eye socket.

**orbital** *adj.* orbital.

**orca** *n.* orca, killer whale (*Orcinus orca*).

**orcectomia** *n.* orchectomy (*surgery*).

**orcestra** *n.* orchestra. **orcestra de jaz** big band, jazz orchestra. **orcestra de salon** chamber orchestra.

**orcestral** *adj.* orchestral.

**orcestri** *vt.* orchestrate. ● *n.* orchestration.

**orceta** *n.* goblin, gremlin.

**orcidea** *n.* orchid (*Orchidaceae*).

**orco** *n.* orc (*mythology*).

**ordina** *vt.* order, sort, sequence, arrange, rank, grade, prioritize; tidy, neaten, groom; ordain (*religious*). ● *n.*order (*including monks*), arrangement (*including music*), sequence; ordination (*religious*). **en ordina** in order, respectively. **ordina de la dia** order of the day, agenda. **ordina de viaja** itinerary, travel plans.**ordina se** preen, primp. **ordina sua plumas** preen.

**ordinada** *adj.* ordered, orderly, neat, tidy, trim, shipshape, smart, dressy.

**ordinal** *adj.* ordinal.

**ordovisian** *adj.* & *n.* Ordovician (*geology*).

**orea** *n.* ear. **orea asoluta** perfect pitch. **orea esterna** outer ear, pinna, auricle. **orea interna** inner ear.

**oreal** *adj.* aural, of the ear; auditory, audial.

**orealeta** *n.* earring.

**oregano** *n.* oregano (*plant*, *spice*: *Origanum vulgare*).

**Oregon** *n.* Oregon (*US state*).

**oreta** *n.* bootstrap (*for pulling boot on*); tab (*of page*). **con oretas** tabbed.

**orexina** *n.* orexin (*hormone*).

**orfan** *adj.* orphan, waif. ● *n.* orphan, foundling.

**orfaneria** *n.* orphanage.

**orfani** *vi.* & *vt.* orphan.

**organal** *adj.* organic.

**organdi** *n.* organdy, organza (*fabric*).

**organeta** *n.* organelle (*biology*).

**organica** *adj.* organic.

**organisme** *n.* organism.

**organiste** *n.* organist.

**organiza** *vt.* organize, arrange, mount. ● *n.* organization, arrangement, setup; institute, society, club, entity.**organiza nongovernal** non-governmental organization, NGO.

**organizal** *adj.* organizational.

**organizor** *n.* organizer, producer, impresario.

**organo** *n.* organ (*anatomy*, *music*). **organo de enrola** barrel organ, hurdy-gurdy. **organo de vapor** calliope.**organos** organs; offal, giblets. **organos sesal** sexual organs.

**organofosforosa** *n.* organophosphorus (*substance*).

**organotrof** *adj.* organotrophic (*biology*). ● *n.* organotroph.

**organotrofia** *n.* organotrophia.

**orgasma** *vi.* & *n.* orgasm.

**orgasmal** *adj.* orgasmic (*of orgasm*).

**orgasmosa** *adj.* orgasmic (*orgasming*).

**orgulo** *n.* pride, hubris. **orgulo vana** vainglory.

**orgulosa** *adj.* proud, prideful. **es orgulosa de** be proud of, glory in. **vana orgulosa** vainglorious.

**ori** *vi.* turn to gold, become golden. ● *vt.* make golden, gold-plate. See *dora*.

**oria** *adj.* & *n.* Oriya (*person*, *language*).

**orida** *adj.* gold-plated, gold-filled.

**orienta** *vt.* orient, orientate. ● *n.* orientation.

**origami** *n.* origami.

**orijina** *vi.* originate; date (*from*). ● *n.* origin, source, provenance, fount, fountainhead.

**orijinal** *adj.* original, native, aboriginal, autochthonous; original (*work*, *idea*). ● *adv.* originally; né, née. ● *n.*original (*not a copy*). **american orijinal** *adj.* & *n.* Native American, American Indian, Amerindian.**australian orijinal** *adj.* & *n.* Australian Aborigine. **es orijinal de** be originally from, originate in.

**Orinoco, Rio** *n.* Orinoco River.

**oriol** *n.* oriole (*bird*: *Oriolus*, *Icterus*).

**Orion** *n.* Orion (*mythology*, *constellation*).

**oriteropo** *n.* aardvark (*Orycteropus afer*).

**orix** *n.* oryx (*antelope*: *Oryx*).

**orizon** *n.* horizon, skyline. **orizon de avenis** event horizon.

**orizonal** *adj.* horizontal; landscape (*orientation*).

**orizonalia** *n.* horizontalness, horizontality.

**orjia** *n.* orgy; spree (*metaphor*). **orjia de mata** killing spree.

**orjial** *adj.* orgiastic.

**orlo** *n.* hem; hemline.

**ormese** *n.* hormesis (*biology*).

**ormon** *n.* hormone. **ormon tiroidal** thyroid hormone.

**ormonal** *adj.* hormonal.

**ormonin** *adj.* hormonelike.

**orna** *vt.* decorate. ● *n.* decoration, ornament; dingbat (*typography*). **orna apical** finial. **orna par perfora**openwork. **ornas real** regalia.

**ornal** *adj.* decorative, ornamental.

**orneta** *n.* bauble, trinket, trifle, gewgaw, knickknack, curio, souvenir, tchotchke.

**ornito-** *pref.* ornitho-.

**ornitolojia** *n.* ornithology.

**ornitolojial** *adj.* ornithological.

**ornitolojiste** *n.* ornithologist.

**ornitorinco** *n.* platypus (*Ornithorhynchus anatinus*).

**ornosa** *adj.* ornate, baroque, florid, rococo; gaudy, tawdry.

**oro** *adj.* gold, golden (*color*). ● *n.* gold (*element*). **de oro** golden, (*made of*) gold.

**orolojeta** *n.* watch, wristwatch, pocketwatch.

**orolojia** *n.* horology.

**orolojo** *n.* clock. **Orolojo** *n.* Horologium (*constellation*). **con la orolojo** clockwise. **contra la orolojo**counterclockwise, anticlockwise. **orolojo de acua** water clock, clepsydra. **orolojo de arena** hourglass, eggtimer. **orolojo de sol** sundial.

**orolojor** *n.* clockmaker, watchmaker.

**oromo** *adj.* & *n.* Oromo (*person*, *language*).

**oror** *n.* goldsmith.

**orosa** *adj.* golden, (*made of*) gold.

**oroscopo** *n.* horoscope.

**ortensia** *n.* hydrangea (*plant*: *Hydrangea*).

**orteo** *n.* toe. See *dito de pede*.

**orteta** *n.* kitchen garden, vegetable garden, vegetable patch.

**ortica** *n.* nettle (*Urtica*).

**orticultur** *n.* horticulture.

**orticultural** *adj.* horticultural.

**orticulturiste** *n.* horticulturist.

**orto**¹ *n.* market garden, truck farm, orchard.

**orto-**² *pref.* ortho- (*straight*).

**ortodontia** *n.* orthodontics, orthodontia.

**ortodontial** *adj.* orthodontic.

**ortodontiste** *n.* orthodontist.

**ortodox** *adj.* orthodox, conventional.

**ortodoxia** *n.* orthodoxy.

**ortogonal** *adj.* orthogonal.

**ortografia** *n.* orthography.

**ortografial** *adj.* orthographic.

**ortonectido** *n.* orthonectid (*organism*: *Orthonectida*).

**ortonis** *n.* logrunner (*bird*: *Orthonyx*).

**ortopedia** *n.* orthopaedics (US orthopedics), orthopaedy (US orthopedy).

**ortopedial** *adj.* orthopaedic (US orthopedic).

**ortopediste** *n.* orthopaedist (US orthopedist).

**orzo** *n.* barley (*Hordeum vulgare*).

**osa**¹ *vt.* dare, venture. ● *n.* daring, audacity, boldness.

**-osa**² *adj.suff.* -ful, -ous, -y (*full of*, *containing much or many*); e.g. *zucarosa*.

**-osa**³ *n.suff.* -ose (*chemistry*).

**osale** *n.* sorrel (*plant*: *Rumex*).

**osante** *adj.* daring, audacious, bold.

**oscan** *adj.* & *n.* Oscan (*person*, *language*).

**oscur** *adj.* dark, dim, dusky, gloomy; obscure, little-known. ● *n.* dark, darkness, gloom.

**oscuri** *vi.* & *vt.* darken, dim, obscure, remove light; obfuscate.

**oscuria** *n.* darkness, obscurity (*quality*).

**oscurisme** *n.* obscurantism.

**oscuriste** *n.* obscurantist.

**-ose** *n.suff.* -osis (*medical*).

**Oseania** *n.* Oceania.

**oseanografia** *n.* oceanography.

**oseanografial** *adj.* oceanographic.

**oseanografiste** *n.* oceanographer.

**oselote** *n.* ocelot (*wild cat*: *Leopardus pardalis*).

**oseria** *n.* ossuary.

**oserva** *vt.* observe, watch, sight, reconnoitre. ● *n.* observation, reconnaissance, recon, sighting.

**oservable** *adj.* observable.

**oservada** *adj.* unobserved.

**oservante** *adj.* watching, observant.

**oserveria** *n.* observatory.

**oservor** *n.* observer, spectator, bystander, onlooker. **oservor de avias** birdwatcher, birder.

**osese** *vt.* obsess, fixate, infatuate. ● *n.* obsession, fixation, infatuation.

**oseseda** *adj.* obsessed, infatuated, besotted.

**osesente** *adj.* obsessive.

**osesor** *n.* obsessive.

**Osetia** *n.* Ossetia.

**osetin** *adj.* & *n.* Ossetian (*person*, *language*).

**osi** *vi.* & *vt.* ossify. ● *n.* ossification.

**osida** *adj.* ossified.

**osidi** *vi.* & *vt.* rust, oxidize, tarnish. ● *n.* rust, corrosion, oxidation, tarnish.

**osidiana** *n.* obsidian (*rock*).

**osidinte** *adj.* rusting, rusty.

**osido** *n.* oxide. **osido de aluminio** aluminium (US aluminum) oxide, alumina. **osido de calsio** calcium oxide.**osido de fero** iron oxide. **osido de magnesio** magnesium oxide, magnesia.

**osijen** *n.* oxygen.

**osijeni** *vt.* oxygenate.

**osila** *vi.* & *vt.* oscillate, rock, sway, pitch, bob, teeter. ● *n.* oscillation, swaying.

**osilador** *n.* oscillator.

**osilante** *adj.* oscillating, rocking, swaying, pitching.

**osileta** *vi.* bob gently; curtsy. ● *n.* bob, curtsy.

**osiloscopio** *n.* oscilloscope.

**osimoro** *adj.* oxymoronic. ● *n.* oxymoron.

**osio** *n.* leisure.

**osiosa** *adj.* leisurely, idle. ● *adv.* at leisure, idly.

**osipital** *adj.* occipital. **lobe osipital** occipital lobe. **oso osipital** occipital bone.

**osisolda** *vt.* weld. ● *n.* oxy-fuel welding, oxyacetylene welding, gas welding.

**osisoldador** *n.* welding torch, oxyacetylene torch.

**ositalia** *vt.* cut with a torch. ● *n.* oxy-fuel cutting, oxyacetylene cutting.

**ositaliador** *n.* cutting torch.

**ositan** *adj.* & *n.* Occitan (*language*).

**osite** *n.* oocyte (*biology*).

**ositosina** *n.* oxytocin (*hormone*).

**osiuro** *n.* pinworm (*Enterobius vermicularis*).

**osiurose** *n.* pinworm infection, enterobiasis.

**osmanian** *adj.* & *n.* Ottoman, Osmanian, Osmanli (*empire*).

**osmio** *n.* osmium (*element*).

**osmosal** *adj.* osmotic.

**osmose** *n.* osmosis.

**oso** *n.* bone. **oso de anca** hipbone. **oso de colar** clavicle, collarbone. **oso de jena** cheekbone. **oso de pex**fishbone. **oso de spala** scapula, shoulderblade. **oso de talo** anklebone. **oso medulosa** marrowbone. **osos crusada** crossbones.

**ososa** *adj.* bony, scraggly, scrawny.

**ososia** *n.* chutzpah; derring-do.

**ospisio** *n.* hospice, care home.

**ospita** *vt.* host, hold (*event*).

**ospitador** *n.* host (*computer*).

**ospitafix** *n.* file-hosting service, cloud storage service, cyberlocker.

**ospital** *n.* hospital. **ospital de madres** maternity hospital.

**ospitaleta** *n.* sanatorium, sanitorium.

**ospitali** *vt.* hospitalize. ● *n.* hospitalization.

**ospitalor** *n.* hospital nurse, hospital worker.

**ospitia** *n.* hospitality.

**ospitor** *n.* host, hostess. **ospitor de avion** air steward, air stewardess, air hostess. **ospitor de conversa**chat-show host, talk-show host.

**ostaculo** *n.* obstacle, barrier, hurdle.

**ostaje** *n.* hostage.

**ostenta** *vt.* show off, flaunt, emblazon. ● *n.* ostentation, affectation, pomp.

**ostentosa** *adj.* ostentatious, pompous, pretentious, grandiloquent, turgid, bombastic; flamboyant, showy, affected. **testo ostentosa** fustian (*pompous text*).

**osteolojia** *n.* osteology.

**osteolojiste** *n.* osteologist.

**osteopatia** *n.* osteopathy.

**osteopatial** *adj.* osteopathic.

**osteopatiste** *n.* osteopath.

**osteoporose** *n.* osteoporosis.

**Osteraic** *n.* Austria.

**osteraices** *adj.* & *n.* Austrian.

**ostetrica** *n.* obstetrics.

**ostetrical** *adj.* obstetrical, obstetric, perinatal.

**ostetriciste** *n.* obstetrician.

**ostia** *n.* host (*Eucharist*).

**ostina** *vi.* persist, persevere. ● *n.* persistence, perseverance, obstinacy, stubbornness, tenacity.

**ostinosa** *adj.* obstinate, stubborn, persistent, tenacious, dogged, determined, headstrong, adamant, hard-headed, hell-bent, obdurate, ornery, pig-headed, unshakeable (US unshakable).

**ostomia** *n.* ostomy (*surgical opening*).

**ostra** *n.* oyster (*Ostreidae*).

**ostrogoto** *adj.* Ostrogothic. ● *n.* Ostrogoth.

**ostror** *n.* oystercatcher (*bird*: *Haematopus*).

**otagon** *adj.* octagonal. ● *n.* octagon.

**otal** *adj.* octal (*base eight*).

**otalmo-** *pref.* opthalmo- (*eye*).

**otano** *n.* octane.

**otante** *n.* octant. **Otante** *n.* Octans (*constellation*).

**otarda** *n.* bustard (*bird*: *Otis*).

**otario** *n.* eared seal, fur seal (*Otariidae*).

**otava** *n.* octave.

**otel** *n.* hotel, inn, hostelry. **otel de jovenes** youth hostel.

**oteleta** *n.* guest house, boarding house, bed and breakfast, B&B.

**otelor** *n.* hotelier, hotelkeeper, innkeeper.

**otenable** *adj.* obtainable, available.

**oteni** *vt.* obtain, acquire, get, procure; assume (*responsibility*). ● *n.* acquisition, procurement.

**otenida** *n.* acquisition.

**otenor** *n.* procurer; pimp.

**oti** *vi.* split into eight. ● *vt.* split into eighths. ● *n.* eighth (*fraction*). ● *pref.* eighth-.

**otica** *n.* optics. **otica de fibres** fibre (US fiber) optics.

**otical** *adj.* optical.

**oticiste** *n.* optical scientist.

**otida** *adj.* octavo (*book size*).

**otigalon** *n.* pint (*unit of capacity*).

**otimisme** *n.* optimism.

**otimiste** *adj.* optimistic, sanguine, upbeat. ● *n.* optimist.

**oto** *det.* eight. ● *adj.* eighth (*ordinal*). ● *pref.* octo-.

**otobre** *n.* October.

**otodes** *det.* eighty. ● *adj.* eightieth (*ordinal*).

**otodesi** *n.* eightieth (*fraction*).

**otodon** *n.* octodont (*rodent*: *octodontidae*).

**otojemelo** *adj.* & *n.* octuplet.

**otolarinjolojia** *n.* otolaryngology.

**otolarinjolojiste** *n.* otolaryngologist.

**otolito** *n.* otolith (*anatomy*).

**otolojia** *n.* otology.

**otolojiste** *n.* otologist.

**otomi** *adj.* & *n.* Otomi (*person*, *language*).

**otoscopi** *n.* otoscopy.

**otoscopio** *n.* otoscope, auriscope, aural speculum (*medical*).

**otra** *adj.* (*prenominal*) other; latter (*of two*, *when the former has already been mentioned*). **a otra parte**elsewhere; apart, separately. **a otra tempos** at other times; formerly. **a otra ves** on another occasion; otherwise. **la un la otra** each other, one another. **la un o la otra** either, either one, either one or the other.**la un pos la otra** one after the other, each in turn; one behind the other, in tandem. **no la un e no la otra**neither, neither one nor the other. **otra ca** other than. **un otra** *det.* & *pron.* another. See *lunlotra*.

**otras** *pron.* others.

**otuple** *n.* octet.

**ouija** [owíja] *n.* ouija board.

**oval** *adj.* oval, ovate, elliptical. ● *n.* oval, ellipse.

**ovarial** *adj.* ovarian.

**ovario** *n.* ovary.

**ovea** *n.* sheep (*Ovis aries*). **Ovea** *n.* Aries (*constellation*). **ovea fema** ewe, female sheep. **ovea gidante** leading sheep, bellwether. **ovea mas** ram, male sheep.

**oveal** *adj.* ovine.

**oveta** *n.* lamb.

**ovi-** *pref.* ovi- (*egg*).

**oviduto** *n.* oviduct (*anatomy*).

**ovin** *adj.* egglike, egg-shaped, ovoid.

**ovipari** *vi.* lay eggs, be oviparous. ● *n.* spawn, frogspawn.

**oviparia** *n.* oviparity.

**oviparinte** *adj.* oviparous, egg-laying.

**oviraptor** *n.* oviraptor (*dinosaur*: *Oviraptor*).

**ovn** *abbr.* (*ojeto volante nonidentifiada*) UFO.

**ovo** *n.* egg, ovum. **ovo bolida** boiled egg. **ovo de piolio** nit. **ovo fritada** fried egg. **ovos bateda** scrambled eggs. **ovos de pex** caviar, roe.

**ovovivipari** *vi.* be ovoviviparous (*lay eggs within oneself*).

**ovoviviparia** *n.* ovoviviparity.

**ovoviviparinte** *adj.* ovoviviparous.

**ovuli** *vt.* ovulate. ● *n.* ovulation.

**ovulo** *n.* ovule (*biology*).

**ozon** *n.* ozone.

P

**p**¹ [pe] *letter* p.

**p**² *abbr.* (*paje, pajes*) p., pp.

**pacarana** *n.* pacarana (*rodent*: *Dinomys branickii*).

**paceta** *n.* package, packet, parcel; deck, pack (*cards*). **paceta de proba** test kit. **paceta de survive** survival kit.

**paci**¹ *vi.* pack, become packed. ● *vt.* pack, package, bundle. ● *n.* packing.

**paci-**² *pref.* pachy- (*thick*).

**pacida** *adj.* packed, packaged, bundled.

**pacidermo** *n.* pachyderm.

**Pacistan** *n.* Pakistan.

**pacistani** *adj.* & *n.* Pakistani.

**paco** *n.* pack, bundle, kit.

**padela** *n.* pan, fry pan, frying pan, skillet. **padela de crepes** crêpe pan, omelette (US omelet) pan. **padela de grili** griddle. **padela de polvo** dustpan. **padela de sote** sauté pan.

**padral** *adj.* paternal; paternity (*leave*).

**padre** *n.* father. **padre de batiza** godfather. **padre futur** father-to-be. **padre par sposi** father-in-law.**padre sin sposa** single father. **sin padre** fatherless.

**padria** *n.* fatherhood, paternity.

**padrin** *adj.* fatherly. ● *n.* father figure, godfather.

**padriside** *vt.* commit patricide. ● *n.* patricide (*action*).

**padrisidor** *n.* patricide (*person*).

**padron** *n.* master, lord, boss; patriarch.

**paela** *n.* paella.

**pagan** *adj.* & *n.* pagan, heathen, gentile, infidel.

**paganisme** *n.* paganism.

**pagoda** *n.* pagoda.

**paia** *vt.* pay, compensate, remunerate, finance; e.g. *paia sento euros a algun per sua aida*. ● *n.* payment, fee, charge, compensation, remuneration, remittance. **paia ajuntada** surcharge, additional payment, premium.**paia anial** annuity. **paia de asecura** insurance premium. **paia de conjesta** congestion charge. **paia de intercambia** exchange fee, brokerage. **paia en partes** *v.* pay by instalments (US installments), pay on account. ● *n.* payment by instalments (US installments), payment on account. **paia mensal** monthly payment. **paia onoral** honorarium. **paia partal** part payment, instalment (US installment). **paia per** pay for. **paia per desemplea** severance pay. **paia per maneja** administration charge, management fee. **paia per servi** service charge. **paia pico** pittance.

**paiable** *adj.* payable.

**paiada** *adj.* paid. **paiada par taxe** piecework. **tro multe paiada** overpaid. **tro poca paiada** underpaid.

**paior** *n.* payer. **paior de imposta** taxpayer.

**pais** *n.* country, land. **estra la pais** out of the country, abroad. **pais de fes** fairyland, faerie. **pais de mervelias** wonderland. **pais de nase** native land. **propre pais** homeland, motherland, fatherland.

**paisan** *n.* (*fellow*) countryman, countrywoman.

**pajama** *n.* pyjamas (US pajamas).

**paje** *n.* page, sheet of paper. **paje HTML** HTML page. **paje prima** home page. **paje sentral** centrefold (US centerfold). **paje ueb** web page.

**pajeria** *n.* website.

**pajo** *n.* page, pageboy; knave, jack (*cards*); valet (*tarot*).

**pal** *adj.* pale, pallid, ashen, wan, light.

**pala** *n.* shovel, spade.

**paladio** *n.* palladium (*element*).

**palanca** *n.* crowbar.

**palasin** *adj.* palatial.

**palasio** *n.* palace; seraglio.

**palatal** *adj.* & *n.* palatal.

**palatali** *vi.* & *vt.* palatalize.

**palato** *n.* palate. **palato dur** hard palate. **palato fendeda** cleft palate. **palato mol** soft palate, velum.

**paleo-** *pref.* palaeo- (US paleo-) (*ancient*).

**paleografia** *n.* palaeography (US paleography).

**paleografiste** *n.* palaeographer (US paleographer).

**paleolitica** *adj.* & *n.* Palaeolithic (US Paleolithic).

**paleontolojia** *n.* palaeontology (US paleontology).

**paleontolojial** *adj.* palaeontological (US paleontological).

**paleontolojiste** *n.* palaeontologist (US paleontologist).

**paleosene** *adj.* & *n.* Palaeocene (US Paleocene) (*geology*).

**paleotropico** *n.* palaeotropics (US paleotropics).

**paleozoica** *adj.* & *n.* Palaeozoic (US Paleozoic) (*geology*).

**paleta** *n.* palette; pallet (*for stacking goods*); trowel.

**pali**¹ *adj.* & *n.* Pali (*language*).

**pali**² *vi.* & *vt.* pale, fade.

**palia**¹ *n.* straw; thatch. **palias basa** stubble.

**palia**² *n.* paleness, pallor.

**paliaso** *n.* clown, pierrot, pagliaccio.

**palieta** *n.* drinking straw.

**palindrom** *n.* palindrome.

**palisandro** *n.* rosewood (*tree*, *wood*: *Dalbergia*).

**Palk, Baia** *n.* Palk Bay.

**palma** *n.* palm (*hand*); palm (*tree*: *Arecaceae*). **leje de palma** palm reading, palmistry. **palma de mano** palm of the hand.

**palmi** *vt.* & *n.* slap, smack, spank.

**palmin** *adj.* palmlike, palmate.

**palo** *n.* pole, post, rod, stake, spit, picket. **palo de bandera** flagpole. **palo de dirije** signpost, guidepost. **palo de gol** goalpost. **palo de lampa** lamppost, streetlight, streetlamp. **palo de maio** maypole. **palo de oro**goldenrod (*plant*: *Solidago*). **palo de porte** doorpost. **palo de serca** fencepost.

**palon** *n.* pylon, caber.

**palpa** *vt.* touch, feel, handle, palpate, frisk. ● *n.* (*sense of*) touch.

**palpable** *adj.* palpable, tactile, tangible.

**palpador** *n.* feeler.

**palpebra** *n.* eyelid.

**palpebri** *vt.* & *n.* blink.

**palpita** *vi.* palpitate, throb. ● *n.* palpitation.

**pampelmus** *n.* pomelo, pummelo, pamplemousse, shaddock (*fruit*, *tree*: *Citrus maxima*, *Citrus grandis*).

**pan**¹ *n.* bread, loaf. **pan de carne** meatloaf. **pan de jinjer** gingerbread. **pan negra** pumpernickel. **pan pascual** paska, Easter bread. **pan plata** flatbread. **pan tostada** toast. **pan tostada con ceso** cheese on toast, Welsh rarebit, Welsh rabbit.

**Pan**² *n.* Pan (*mythology*).

**pan-**³ *pref.* pan- (*all*).

**Panama** *n.* Panama. **Canal Panama** Panama Canal. **Golfo Panama** Gulf of Panama. **Istmo Panama**Isthmus of Panama.

**panaman** *adj.* & *n.* Panamanian.

**panamerican** *adj.* pan-American.

**panarabi** *adj.* pan-Arabian.

**pancreas** *n.* pancreas (*anatomy*).

**panda** *n.* panda (*Ailuropoda melanoleuca*).

**pandemica** *adj.* & *n.* pandemic.

**pandion** *n.* osprey (*bird*: *Pandionidae*).

**Pandjab** *n.* Punjab, Panjab.

**pandjabi** *adj.* & *n.* Punjabi.

**Pandora** *n.* Pandora (*mythology*).

**panel** *n.* panel, pane, panelling (US paneling). **panel a lado** sidebar. **panel basa** wainscot, wainscotting. **panel de caviles** pegboard. **panel de comuta** control panel (*switches*, *plugs*), plugboard. **panel de poster**billboard, hoarding. **panel de sesto** backboard (*basketball*). **panel de strumentos** instrument panel, control panel, dashboard. **panel de toca** touchpad.

**paneria** *n.* bakery.

**paneta** *n.* bread roll, bun. **paneta de salsix** hotdog roll, hotdog bun, frankfurter.

**pangermanisme** *n.* pan-Germanism.

**pangolin** *n.* pangolin (*animal*: *Manis*).

**pani** *vt.* bread, crumb.

**panica** *vi.* panic. ● *vt.* panic, frighten, scare. ● *n.* panic, frenzy, stampede, scare.

**panicada** *adj.* panicked, frantic, frightened, scared.

**panicante** *adj.* panicking, panicky.

**panjenero** *adj.* pangender. ● *n.* pangender person.

**panor** *n.* baker.

**panorama** *vi.* & *vt.* pan. ● *n.* panorama.

**panoramador** *n.* pan control, pan pot.

**pantala** *n.* short trousers, short pants, shorts, trunks; breeches, britches, knickerbockers. **pantala de bisicli**cycling shorts, bike shorts. **pantala de jenos** knee-length shorts, Bermuda shorts, boardshorts. **pantala de nada** swim shorts, swimming trunks. **pantala faldin** culottes; skort.

**pantaleta** *n.* underpants, undershorts, pants (*UK*), shorts (*US*), panties, knickers.

**pantalon** *n.* trousers, pants (*US*), slacks, bottoms. **pantalon cortida** cut-offs. **pantalon de anca** hipsters, hip-huggers. **pantalon de carga** cargo pants. **pantalon de cavalor** jodhpurs. **pantalon de denim**jeans. **pantalon de sporte** sweatpants, joggers, jogging bottoms, tracksuit bottoms. **pantalon de stribos**ski pants, stirrup pants, salopettes. **pantalon de sura** capri pants. **pantalon esvasante** flared trousers, flares, bellbottoms.

**pantan** *n.* wetland, swamp, bog, mire, quagmire, marsh, marshland, fen, fenland, bayou, morass. **pantan arborosa** marsh. **pantan erbosa** swamp. **pantan torbosa** peatland, peat bog. **pantan torbosa alta**bog (*ecology*). **pantan torbosa basa** fen (*ecology*).

**pantaneria** *n.* paludarium (*tank*).

**pantani** *vi.* become mired, get bogged down.

**pantanida** *adj.* mired, bogged down.

**pantanosa** *adj.* swampy, marshy, boggy.

**panteisme** *n.* pantheism.

**panteiste** *adj.* pantheistic. ● *n.* pantheist.

**panteon** *n.* pantheon.

**pantera** *n.* panther (*Panthera pardus*).

**pantofla** *n.* slipper.

**pantofli** *vt.* beslipper, put slippers onto; shuffle.

**pantoflor** *n.* stay-at-home, homebody.

**pantomima** *n.* pantomime, panto (*musical comedy*).

**papa** *n.* (*colloquial*) dad, daddy, pop, papa (*father*).

**papagaio** *n.* parrot, parakeet, budgerigar (*Psittacidae*). **papagaio de mar** puffin (*Fratercula*).

**papaia** *n.* papaya (*fruit*).

**papaio** *n.* papaya (*tree*: *Carica papaya*).

**papal** *adj.* papal, pontifical.

**paparazo** *n.* paparazzo (pl. paparazzi).

**papavera** *n.* poppy (*Papaver*).

**pape** *n.* pope, pontiff.

**paper** *n.* paper, wrapper. **paper asorbente** blotting paper. **paper de aluminio** aluminium (US aluminum)foil, tin foil. **paper de carbono** carbon paper. **paper de catran** tarpaper. **paper de donadas** wrapping paper, giftwrap. **paper de emeri** emery paper. **paper de letera** notepaper. **paper de mur** wallpaper.**paper de pH** litmus paper. **paper de stanio** tin foil. **paper de vason** toilet paper. **paper diafana**tracing paper, onion skin. **paper maxada** papier mâché. **paper raspante** sandpaper. **paper trinxada**shredded paper, confetti.

**papereria** *n.* stationery store, stationer’s.

**papereta** *n.* note, scrap of paper. **papereta aderente** sticky note, Post-it note.

**paperor** *n.* paperhanger, wallpaperer; stationer.

**papia** *n.* papacy.

**papiamentu** *n.* Papiamento (*language*).

**papila** *n.* papilla (*anatomy*). **papila de sabor** taste bud.

**papilin** *adj.* butterfly-shaped.

**papilio** *n.* butterfly, moth, lepidopteran (*Papilio*). **papilio de dia** butterfly. **papilio de note** moth. **papilio de vestes** clothes moth.

**papiro** *n.* papyrus (*plant*, *paper*: *Cyperus papyrus*).

**papiste** *n.* papist.

**paprica** *n.* paprika (*plant*, *fruit*, *spice*: *Capsicum annuum*).

**Papua** *n.* Papua. **Golfo Papua** Gulf of Papua. **Papua Gine Nova** Papua New Guinea.

**papuan** *adj.* & *n.* Papuan.

**papula** *n.* papule, pimple (*anatomy*).

**par** *prep.* • (*made*, *done*, *caused*) by, through the agency of, because of; e.g. *surprendeda par la responde*;*ensircada par otra paises*; *un teatral par Shakespeare*; *la ataca de la troianes par la elinicas*. • by means of, using, via (*method*, *action*); e.g. *viaja par avion*; *codigida par color*; *el ia survive par asconde su la table*. • multiplied by, times; e.g. *2 par 3 es 6*. • differing by (*amount*, *quality*); e.g. *me es plu alta ca tu par un sentimetre*.

**para**¹ *vi.* & *vt.* stop, end, halt. ● *n.* stop, standstill. ● *interj.* stop, wait, whoa.

**para-**² *pref.* para- (*additional*).

**parabaleta** *n.* bulletproofing; bulletproof vest.

**parabola** *n.* parable (*story*); parabola (*curve*).

**parabomba** *n.* bombproof structure.

**parabus** *n.* bus stop.

**paracade** *n.* parachute.

**paracador** *n.* paratrooper.

**paracolico** *n.* antispasmodic (*drug*).

**paracolpa** *n.* bumper (*of vehicle*).

**paraconstipa** *n.* purgative, laxative.

**paracua** *n.* waterproof container, watertight container; wetsuit.

**parada** *adj.* stopped. **parada par pluve** stopped by rain, washed out.

**parade** *vi.* & *vt.* parade. ● *n.* parade, cavalcade. **parade de susedosas** charts, hit parade. **parade volante**flypast, flyby.

**paradeluvia** *n.* levee, flood barrier.

**paradiarea** *n.* antidiarrhoeal (US antidiarrheal) drug.

**paradisal** *adj.* paradisiacal (*of paradise*).

**paradisin** *adj.* paradisiacal, heavenly (*like paradise*).

**paradiso** *n.* paradise, heaven. **paradiso finansial** tax haven.

**paradole** *n.* painkiller, analgesic, anodyne, palliative.

**parador** *n.* barrier, barricade. **parador de arena** sandbar, sandbank, shoal. **Parador Grande de Coral**Great Barrier Reef.

**paradox** *n.* paradox.

**paradoxal** *adj.* paradoxical.

**parafango** *n.* mudguard, fender.

**parafebre** *n.* febrifuge, antipyretic (*drug*).

**parafilia** *n.* paraphilia.

**parafilica** *adj.* & *n.* paraphiliac.

**parafina** *n.* paraffin.

**paraflama** *n.* flame-retardant.

**parafoco** *n.* fire door, fire screen; firewall (*software*).

**parafrase** *vt.* & *n.* paraphrase.

**paragasta** *n.* selvage (US selvedge) (*edging*).

**paragota** *n.* coaster, drinks mat, beermat. **paragota de dentela** doily.

**paragraf** *n.* paragraph.

**paragravita** *n.* g-suit, gravity suit.

**Paraguai** *n.* Paraguay.

**paraguaia** *adj.* & *n.* Paraguayan.

**parajela** *n.* antifreeze.

**paralampa** *n.* lampshade, lightshade.

**paralampo** *n.* lightning rod, lightning conductor.

**paralax** *n.* parallax.

**paralegal** *adj.* paralegal.

**paralegaliste** *n.* paralegal.

**paralel** *adj.* parallel, equivalent, concurrent. ● *n.* parallel, equivalent.

**paralelepipedo** *adj.* parallelepipedal. ● *n.* parallelepiped.

**paralelia** *n.* parallelness, equivalence.

**paralelisme** *n.* parallelism.

**paralelogram** *adj.* parallelogrammatic. ● *n.* parallelogram.

**paralimpial** *adj.* paralympic. **Juas Paralimpial** Paralympic Games.

**paralise** *vt.* paralyse (US paralyze); transfix. ● *n.* paralysis. **paralise serebral** cerebral palsy.

**paraliseda** *n.* paralytic.

**paramar** *n.* dyke, dike, levee, sea embankment.

**paramediciste** *n.* paramedic.

**paramesio** *n.* paramecium (*organism*).

**parametre** *n.* parameter.

**parametri** *vt.* parameterize. ● *n.* parameterization.

**paramilitar** *adj.* paramilitary.

**paramorde** *n.* muzzle.

**Parana, Rio** *n.* Paraná River.

**paranoia** *n.* paranoia.

**paranoica** *adj.* paranoid.

**paranormal** *adj.* paranormal.

**paransia** *n.* anxiolytic (*drug*).

**parapeto** *n.* parapet.

**paraplejia** *n.* paraplegia.

**paraplejica** *adj.* & *n.* paraplegic.

**parapluve** *n.* umbrella.

**paraporte** *n.* doorstop.

**parapsicolojia** *n.* parapsychology.

**parapsicolojiste** *n.* parapsychologist.

**parario** [pararío] *n.* dam, weir (*river*).

**parasangual** *adj.* styptic, haemostatic (US hemostatic) (*substance*).

**parasangue** *n.* styptic, haemostatic (US hemostatic) (*substance*).

**parasimpatica** *adj.* parasympathetic (*nerves*).

**parasital** *adj.* parasitic.

**parasito** *n.* parasite.

**parasol** *n.* parasol, sun umbrella.

**parasuo** *n.* antiperspirant.

**paratiroide** *adj.* & *n.* parathyroid.

**paratose** *n.* cough medicine, antitussive.

**paraventa** *n.* windscreen, windshield; windbreak, shelterbelt.

**paravide** *n.* screen.

**paraxoca** *n.* shock absorber.

**parazon** *n.* parazoon (pl. parazoa) (*organism*).

**parca** *n.* parka (*coat*).

**parce** *n.* park, parkland. **parce acual** waterpark. **parce de autos** car park, parking lot. **parce de divertis**fairground, amusement park. **parce de venta** wind farm.

**parceta** *n.* parquet, parquetry (*floor*).

**parci** *vt.* park (*vehicle*). ● *n.* parking.

**parcur** *n.* parkour.

**pardalote** *n.* pardalote (*bird*: *Pardalotus*).

**pardona** *vt.* forgive, pardon. ● *n.* forgiveness, clemency, mercy, lenience, leniency. ● *interj.* sorry. **demanda per pardona** apologize, beg forgiveness. **pardona de imposta** tax break. **pardona me** pardon me, excuse me, I am sorry. **solisita un pardona** apologize.

**pardonable** *adj.* pardonable, excusable, forgivable, venial.

**pardonosa** *adj.* merciful, lenient.

**pardonosia** *n.* mercifulness, leniency.

**pare** *vt.* seem (*to do*, *to be*), appear (*to do*, *to be*), look (*as if*), give the impression (*of being or doing*); feel (*e.g. happy*, *cold*); e.g. *la aira pare fria*; *lo pare fria asi*; *esta pare como la solve*; *esta pare es la solve*; *el pare labora*; *el pare laborante*; *lo pare ce el labora*. ● *n.* appearance, look, semblance. **pare de realia**verisimilitude. See *aspeta*.

**parente** *adj.* apparent, ostensible. ● *adv.* apparently, ostensibly.

**-parese** *n.suff.* -paresis (*medical*).

**parfe** *n.* parfait (*dessert*).

**parfum** *n.* perfume, cologne.

**parfumeria** *n.* perfumery.

**parfumi** *vt.* perfume.

**parfumor** *n.* perfumer, parfumier.

**pari** *vt.* give birth to, bear, be in labour (US labor). ● *n.* giving birth, childbirth, childbearing, parturition, labour (US labor). **ante pari** prenatal, antenatal. **pos pari** postpartum, postnatal.

**paria**¹ *n.* pariah, outcast.

**Paria**² *n.* Paria (*Venezuelan region*). **Golfo Paria** Gulf of Paria.

**parietal** *adj.* parietal (*anatomy*). **lobe parietal** parietal lobe. **oso parietal** parietal bone.

**parinte** *adj.* giving birth, childbearing, in labour (US labor).

**parla** *vt.* speak, talk. ● *n.* speech, discourse, oratory; oration. **par parla** by speaking, by word of mouth. **parla de** speak of, talk of. **parla deliriosa** rave. **parla evitante** *v.* prevaricate. ● *n.* prevarication. **parla merda** (*colloquial*) bullshit, talk bullshit, talk bollocks (*nonsense*). **parla monotonosa** speak monotonously, drone on. **parla papin** pontificate. **parla pigra** drawl. **parla sur** speak about, talk about.

**parlada** *adj.* spoken, voiced, oral.

**parlador** *n.* loudspeaker, speaker. **parlador basa** woofer.

**parlamania** *n.* logorrhoea (US logorrhea), verbal diarrhoea (US diarrhea).

**parlamental** *adj.* parliamentary.

**parlamento** *n.* parliament, congress. **membro de parlamento** member of parliament, MP, parliamentarian.**parlamento sin majoria** hung parliament.

**parlamentor** *n.* member of parliament, MP, parliamentarian.

**parlante** *adj.* speaking. ● *adv.* aloud, out loud.

**parleta** *vt.* chat, natter, chatter, yak, yack, tattle, socialize. ● *n.* chat, natter, chatter, yak, yack, gossip, schmooze. **parleta video** *v.* & *n.* video chat.

**parlor** *n.* speaker.

**parlosa** *adj.* talkative, garrulous, loquacious, chatty, voluble. ● *n.* chatterbox, gasbag, windbag. **es parlosa** be talkative, effuse.

**parmesan** *n.* parmesan (*cheese*).

**paro** *n.* tit, titmouse, chickadee (*bird*: *Paridae*).

**parocia** *n.* parish.

**parocial** *adj.* parochial.

**parocialisme** *n.* parochialism.

**parocian** *n.* parishioner.

**parocior** *n.* parish priest, vicar, rector. **casa de parocior** vicarage, rectory.

**parodia** *vt.* parody. ● *n.* parody, travesty, take-off.

**parola** *n.* word. **parola de moda** fashionable word, buzzword. **parola erante** wrong word, malapropism, dogberryism. **parola evitante** euphemism. **parola grilida** hashtag. **parola nova** neologism. **parola secreta** password, codeword. **parolas crusada** crossword puzzle. **parolas tecnical** terminology, jargon.

**parolal** *adj.* verbal (*expressed in words*).

**paroleta** *n.* particle (*grammar*).

**parolor** *n.* wordsmith; lyricist.

**parolosa** *adj.* wordy, verbose.

**parolosia** *n.* wordiness, verbosity, verbiage.

**parotida** *n.* parotid, parotid gland (*anatomy*).

**parotidite** *n.* mumps, epidemic parotitis (*medical*).

**parsec** *n.* parsec (*unit of length*).

**partal** *adj.* partial, patchy. ● *adv.* partially, partly, half-.

**parte** *n.* part, portion, section, division, segment, partition, instalment (US installment); share, ration. **en no parte** nowhere. **par partes** piecemeal. **parte reservada** spare part.

**parteni** *vi.* belong, affiliate; be a part of; e.g. *la pen parteni a me*. ● *n.* affiliation, membership.

**parteninte** *adj.* belonging, affiliated. ● *n.* appurtenance.

**partenojenese** *n.* parthenogenesis (*biology*).

**parti** *vi.* depart, leave, go; e.g. *la tren va parti de la stasion*. ● *n.* departure, parting; exodus.

**Partia** *n.* Parthia (*ancient region*).

**partian** *adj.* & *n.* Parthian.

**particula** *n.* particle, speck, grain, mote. **particula beta** beta particle.

**particulin** *adj.* particulate.

**particulosa** *adj.* grainy, silty.

**partinte** *adj.* departing, outbound. **partinte de** starting from, leaving from.

**partisan** *adj.* partisan, partial, taking sides. ● *n.* partisan.

**partisipa** *vi.* participate, take part, be a part, partake, engage. ● *n.* participation; turnout.

**partisipante** *adj.* participating. ● *n.* argument (*mathematics*, *grammar*).

**partisipio** *n.* participle.

**partisipor** *n.* participant.

**partital** *adj.* factional.

**partitisme** *n.* factionalism.

**partito** *n.* party (*political*), faction, caucus.

**partitur** *n.* score, soundtrack (*music*).

**partituri** *vt.* score.

**pas** *n.* peace, peacetime.

**pasa** *vi.* pass (*place*, *time*), elapse. ● *vt.* pass, go past, overtake, outpace, lap; pass across, hand over, transfer; pass, spend (*time*). ● *n.* passing, transfer, transference, handover, handoff. **en pasa** in passing, by the way, incidentally; en passant (*chess*). **pasa de rena** succession. **pasa la estate** summer, spend the summer.**pasa la inverno** winter, spend the winter. **pasa per oserva** flyby. **pasa su la cilia** keelhaul. **pasa tempo** pass time, idle.

**pasada** *adj.* past, previous, former, earlier, ex-. ● *adv.* previously, formerly, once. ● *n.* past (*time*, *tense*), yore; preterite. **en la pasada** in the past; out of the way. **en la pasada distante** in the distant past, long ago.**en la semana pasada** last week. **pasada perfeta** past perfect, pluperfect. **plu bon ca pasada** better than ever.

**pasaje** *n.* passage (*travel*, *text*, *music*); passageway. **dona pasaje a** give a lift to, give a ride to. **pasaje de frontera** border crossing. **pasaje de traversa** pedestrian crossing, crosswalk.

**pasajor** *n.* passenger. **pasajor secreta** stowaway.

**pasaporto** *n.* passport.

**pasarin** *adj.* sparrowlike. ● *n.* passerine, perching bird.

**pasaro** *n.* sparrow (*Passeridae*). **pasaro american** New World sparrow (*Emberizidae*). **pasaro de neva** snow finch (*Montifingilla*).

**pasatempo** *n.* hobby, pastime, recreation.

**pascal** *n.* pascal (*unit of pressure*).

**pascua** *n.* Easter. **Isola Pascua** Easter Island, Rapa Nui. See *Rapanui*.

**pascual** *adj.* Easter.

**pasea** *vi.* walk, stroll. ● *vt.* walk, take for a walk. ● *n.* walk. **modo de pasea** gait. **pasea de ganso** goosestep.**pasea en spasio** spacewalk. **pasea grande** stride. **pasea grandiosa** strut. **pasea laborosa** *v.* & *n.*trudge, plod, trek. **pasea lenta** stroll, amble, saunter. **pasea longa** *v.* & *n.* hike, trek. **pasea lunal** *v.* & *n.*moonwalk (*dance*). **pasea ostentosa** sashay.

**paseacorda** *n.* rope walker, tightrope walker, funambulist.

**paseador** *n.* treadmill (*wheel*, *exercise machine*).

**paseamania** *n.* hiking.

**paseamanica** *n.* hiker.

**paseante** *adj.* walking, peripatetic; andante (*music*).

**paseor** *n.* walker, pedestrian. **paseor nova** toddler.

**paseria** *n.* walkway, footpath, catwalk. **paseria de plances** boardwalk. **paseria rolante** moving walkway, travelator.

**paseta**¹ *vi.* tiptoe, walk on one’s toes.

**paseta**² *n.* tiny step.

**pasi** *vt.* pacify, appease, placate, mollify, propitiate. ● *n.* pacification, appeasement, placation.

**pasiente** *adj.* patient, easygoing. ● *n.* patient. **pasiente esterna** outpatient. **pasiente ospitalida** inpatient.

**pasientia** *n.* patience.

**pasifica** *adj.* Pacific. **Mar Pasifica** Pacific Ocean.

**pasiflora** *n.* passion flower (*Passiflora*).

**pasigrafia** *n.* pasigraphy (*writing system*).

**pasion** *n.* passion.

**pasioni** *vt.* impassion.

**pasionosa** *adj.* passionate, impassioned, torrid.

**pasisme** *n.* pacifism.

**pasiste** *n.* pacifist.

**pasiva** *adj.* passive. ● *n.* passive (*grammar*).

**pasivia** *n.* passivity.

**pasmacer** *n.* pacemaker (*medical*).

**paso** *n.* step, footstep, pace, tread; stage (*of progress*). **fa un mal paso** stumble, trip, misstep, make a mistake, make a faux pas. **fa un paso** step, take a step, tread, pace. **mal paso** misstep, faux pas. **par pasos** *adj.*step-by-step. ● *adv.* step by step.

**pason** *n.* stride, big step.

**pasor** *n.* passer-by, passing traveller (US traveler) (*on foot or in vehicle*).

**pasosa** *adj.* peaceful, tranquil, docile, placid, serene, uneventful, at peace.

**paspie** *n.* passepied (*dance*).

**pasta** *n.* paste; dough, pasta. **pasta aplicable** spread, paste, pâté. **pasta arenin** shortcrust pastry. **pasta de dentes** toothpaste. **pasta de frita** batter. **pasta de modeli** plasticine, modelling (US modeling) clay.**pasta de torta** cake mix, cake batter. **pasta dulse** pastry. **pasta folin** filo pastry, thin pastry.

**pastel** *adj.* & *n.* pastel. **pastel de sira** crayon.

**pasteuri** *vt.* pasteurize. ● *n.* pasteurization.

**pasteurida** *adj.* pasteurized.

**pastinaca** *n.* parsnip (*Pastinaca sativa*).

**pastix** *n.* pastiche, pasticcio; mashup.

**pasto** *n.* pasture, pasturage. **come a pasto** graze. **usa tro multe la pasto** overgraze.

**pastor** *n.* herder, herdsman, herdswoman, shepherd, shepherdess; pastor. **Pastor** *n.* Boötes (*constellation*).

**pastoral** *adj.* pastoral, rural. ● *n.* pastoral (*art*).

**pastoria** *n.* pastoralism, herding.

**pastrami** *n.* pastrami (*food*).

**Patagonia** *n.* Patagonia.

**patata** *n.* potato (*Solanum tuberosum*). **patata dulse** sweet potato (*Ipomoea batatas*). **patata fornida**baked potato, jacket potato. **patatas fritada** French fries, fries, chips (*UK*).

**pate** *n.* pâté.

**patenta** *vt.* & *n.* patent.

**paternalisme** *n.* paternalism (*philosophy*).

**pateta** *n.* duckling.

**pati** *vi.* waddle.

**-patia** *n.suff.* -pathy (*illness*).

**-patica** *adj.suff.* -pathic, -pathetic.

**patin** *n.* skate. **patin de rotas** rollerskate.

**patina** *n.* patina (*sheen*).

**patineria** *n.* ice rink.

**patineta** *n.* scooter, kick scooter, push scooter.

**patini** *vt.* skate; skid.

**patinor** *n.* skater.

**patio** *n.* courtyard, (*enclosed*) yard. **patio de cultiveria** barnyard, farmyard. **patio de enfantes** playground, play area.

**patlatx** *n.* potlatch (*feast*).

**pato**¹ *n.* duck (*Anatidae*). **pato real** mallard.

**pato-**² *pref.* patho- (*illness*).

**patojen** *adj.* pathogenic. ● *n.* pathogen, germ.

**patojenesal** *adj.* pathogenetic.

**patojenese** *n.* pathogenesis.

**patolojia** *n.* pathology.

**patolojial** *adj.* pathological.

**patolojiste** *n.* pathologist.

**patriarca** *n.* patriarch.

**patriarcia** *n.* patriarchy.

**patrilinia** *n.* patrilineage.

**patrilinial** *adj.* patrilineal.

**patriota** *adj.* patriotic. ● *n.* patriot.

**patriotisme** *n.* patriotism.

**patrulia** *vt.* & *n.* patrol.

**patrulior** *n.* patroller, patrolman. **patrulior estralegal** vigilante.

**patxinco** *n.* pachinko (*pinball*).

**patxisi** *n.* pachisi, parcheesi, ludo (*game*).

**paund** *n.* pound (*currency*), sterling.

**pausa** *vi.* & *vt.* pause, adjourn; wait; stop (*overnight or before resuming*). ● *n.* pause, hiatus, break (*from activity*), adjournment, abeyance, stop-off, stopover, intermission, letup; wait, standby. **loca de pausa**stop, stopping place (*along a journey*). **sin pausa** without pause, continual, incessant, non-stop.

**pausada** *adj.* paused, adjourned, in abeyance.

**pavana** *n.* pavane (*dance*, *music*).

**pave** *vt.* pave. ● *n.* paving (*slabs*, *asphalt*, *cobbles*).

**paveda** *adj.* paved.

**pavilion** *n.* pavilion.

**pavlova** *n.* pavlova (*dessert*).

**pavo** *n.* turkey (*Meleagris gallopavo*).

**pavon** *n.* peafowl, peacock, peahen (*Pavo*, *Pavo cristatus*). **Pavon** *n.* Pavo (*constellation*).

**paxtu** *adj.* & *n.* Pashtun (*person*); Pashto (*language*).

**pc** *abbr.* (*personal computador*) PC. **pc de table** desktop PC.

**pd** *abbr.* (*per dise*) i.e., that is to say, namely.

**pe** *abbr.* (*per esemplo*) e.g., for example.

**peaje** *n.* toll (*payment*).

**peca** *vi.* sin. ● *n.* sin, infraction.

**pecan** *n.* pecan, hickory (*tree*, *nut*: *Carya*).

**pecari** *n.* peccary (*animal*: *Tayassuidae*).

**peceta** *vi.* commit a misdemeanour (US misdemeanor). ● *n.* peccadillo, misdemeanour (US misdemeanor), minor infraction, indiscretion.

**peco** *n.* pekoe (*tea*).

**pecor** *n.* sinner.

**pecosa** *adj.* sinful.

**pectina** *n.* pectin (*substance*).

**pedagojia** *n.* pedagogy.

**pedagojial** *adj.* pedagogic, pedagogical.

**pedal** *n.* pedal.

**pedali** *vt.* pedal.

**pedante** *adj.* pedantic, fussy. ● *n.* pedant, nitpicker. **es pedante** be pedantic, quibble, split hairs, nitpick.

**pedantia** *n.* pedantry, nitpicking, pettifogging.

**pede** *n.* foot, base. **con pedes nuda** barefoot. **par pede** on foot, by foot. **pede de monte** foothill. **pede de paje** footer. **pede fronte** forefoot. **pede membranosa** webbed foot, webfoot. **ses pedes** fathom (*unit of length*). **su pede** underfoot. **sur cuatro pedes** (*animal*) on all fours.

**pedestal** *n.* pedestal.

**pedeta** *n.* paw.

**pedi** *vt.* & *n.* kick. **pedi cadente** dropkick (*martial arts*). **pedi prima** *v.* kick off. ● *n.* kickoff.

**pediatria** *n.* paediatrics (US pediatrics).

**pediatrica** *adj.* paediatric (US pediatric).

**pediatriste** *n.* paediatrician (US pediatrician).

**pedicura** *n.* pedicure.

**pedionom** *n.* plains-wanderer (*bird*: *Pedionomus torquatus*).

**pedo-** *pref.* paedo- (US pedo-) (*child*).

**pedofilia** *n.* paedophilia (US pedophilia). **pedofilia omosesal** paederasty (US pederasty).

**pedofilica** *adj.* paedophilic (US pedophilic). ● *n.* paedophile (US pedophile). **pedofilica omosesal** paederast(US pederast).

**pedor** *n.* kicker.

**Pegaso** *n.* Pegasus (*mythology*, *constellation*).

**pel** *n.* skin, hide, pelt, integument. **pel cru** rawhide. **pel de capra** goatskin. **pel de ovea** sheepskin. **pel de porco** pigskin. **pel de servo** buckskin. **pel de urso** bearskin. **pel de vino** wineskin. **pel mor** dead skin, slough, eschar. **su pel** subcutaneous.

**pelagra** *n.* pellagra (*medical*).

**peleta** *n.* film (*thin skin*). **peleta aderente** cling film, cling wrap, Saran wrap.

**pelican** *n.* pelican (*Pelicanus*).

**pelicanin** *adj.* pelicanlike.

**pelin** *adj.* furry, furlike.

**pelo** *n.* fur, coat (*animal*), body hair (*human*); pile, nap (*of fabric*), grain (*of wood*). **bal de pelo** hairball.**contra la pelo** against the grain. **pelo de jenas** sideburns, sideboards. See *capel*.

**pelosa** *adj.* furry, hairy, hirsute, shaggy.

**peltre** *n.* pewter (*metal*).

**pelux** *n.* plush (*fabric*).

**peluxeta** *n.* down, fluff, fuzz, lint.

**peluxetin** *adj.* downy, fluffy, fleecy.

**pelvis** *n.* pelvis.

**pelvisal** *adj.* pelvic.

**pemfigo** *n.* pemphigus (*medical*).

**pen** *n.* pen. **pen de bal** ballpoint pen, biro. **pen de cartux** cartridge pen. **pen de fonte** fountain pen. **pen de pluma** quill.

**penal** *adj.* penal (*punishment*).

**Penas, Golfo** *n.* Gulf of Penas.

**pendador** *n.* hanger; gallows, gibbet.

**pende** *vi.* hang, hang down, sag, droop. ● *vt.* hang, suspend, dangle.

**pendejacon** *n.* coathook.

**pendente** *adj.* pendulous, droopy, saggy. ● *n.* pendant. **pendente de recorda** locket.

**pendeveste** *n.* coathanger.

**pendexapo** *n.* hat rack, hatstand.

**pendor** *n.* hangman, executioner.

**penduli** *vi.* & *vt.* swing (*back and forth*).

**pendulo** *n.* pendulum; swing.

**penetra** *vt.* penetrate, breach. ● *n.* penetration.

**-penia** *n.suff.* -penia (*lack*).

**penis** *n.* penis.

**penisal** *adj.* penile.

**penisilina** *n.* penicillin.

**penisola** *n.* peninsula.

**penisolal** *adj.* peninsular.

**Pennsylvania** *n.* Pennsylvania (*US state*).

**penombra** *n.* penumbra (*shadow*).

**pensa** *vt.* think; opine, hold an opinion. ● *n.* thought, cognition. **pensa a** think of (*have in mind*). **pensa ladal** *v.*think laterally, think outside the box. ● *n.* lateral thought, lateral thinking, thinking outside the box. **sin pensa** thoughtless, mindless.

**pension** *n.* pension. **pension de divorsa** alimony. **pension de jubila** retirement pension.

**pensor** *n.* thinker. **pensor libre** freethinker.

**pensosa** *adj.* thoughtful, pensive.

**penta-** *pref.* penta- (*five*).

**pentadatilo** *adj.* pentadactyl (*biology*).

**pentagon** *adj.* pentagonal. ● *n.* pentagon.

**pentagram** *n.* staff, stave (*music*); pentagram, pentacle (*star*).

**pentametre** *n.* pentameter (*poetry*).

**pentatlon** *n.* pentathlon.

**pentatlonor** *n.* pentathlete.

**pentecostal** *adj.* Pentecostal.

**pentecostalisme** *n.* Pentecostalism (*Christianity*).

**pentecoste** *n.* pentecost.

**pentobarbital** *n.* pentobarbital, pentobarbitone (*drug*).

**peon** *n.* peon, menial worker, unfree labourer (US laborer); foot soldier, pawn (*chess*). **peon cultival** farmhand.

**peonia** *n.* peony (*plant*: *Paeonia*).

**peote** *n.* peyote (*plant*, *drug*: *Lophophora williamsii*).

**peper** *n.* (*black*, *white*) pepper (*vine*, *spice*: *Piper nigrum*).

**peperi** *vt.* pepper.

**peperin** *adj.* peppery (*like pepper*).

**peperomia** *n.* peperomia (*plant*: *Peperomia*).

**peperon** *n.* (*hot*, *sweet*, *bell*) pepper, capsicum (*plant*, *fruit*: *Capsicum annuum*). **peperon polvida** cayenne.**peperon roja** red pepper. **peperon verde** green pepper, bell pepper. **salsix de peperon** pepperoni (*sausage*).

**peperosa** *adj.* peppery (*full of pepper*).

**pepita** *n.* nugget. **pepita de gal** chicken nugget. **pepita de oro** gold nugget.

**-pepsia** *n.suff.* -pepsia (*digestion*).

**-pepsica** *adj.suff.* -peptic.

**pepsin** *n.* pepsin (*enzyme*).

**peptido** *n.* peptide (*chemistry*).

**per**¹ *prep.* • for (*an intended reason or beneficiary*); in order to, to; e.g. *nos labora per mone*; *viaja per vide la mundo*; *vestida per un sera de dansa*; *el ia scrive la libro per sua madre*. — Both *per* and *par* can introduce reasons: *per* indicates an intention; *par* indicates a cause. • for, in exchange for, in return for; e.g. *tu ia paia tro per acel computador*; *me ia compra lo per mil euros*; *grasias per tua mesaje*. • for every, per (*in measurements of speed*, *etc.*); e.g. *viaja a sento cilometres per ora*. • for, on behalf of; pro (*in favour of*); e.g.*vota per la proposa*; *me parla per mea ami*. • for (*an intended distance or duration*); e.g. *me vade a via per un semana*; *el va bisicli per tre menses*. — Both *per* and *tra* can introduce distances or durations: *per*suggests an intention; *tra* suggests that the time has actually elapsed or the distance been covered. **paia per ora** pay rate per hour. **per ci** for whom (*relative*). **per cual** for which (*relative*). **per si** in case. See *par, tra*.

**per-**² *pref.* per- (*thoroughly*).

**pera** *n.* pear (*fruit*).

**perca** *n.* perch (*Perca*).

**percal** *n.* percale (*fabric*).

**perce** [percé] *adv.* why, for what, wherefore. — *Perce* is always a question. For *because*, use *car*.

**percute** *vt.* percuss; tap (*medical*). ● *n.* percussion.

**percutiste** *n.* percussionist.

**perde** *vt.* lose, misplace; miss (*bus*, *connection*, *etc.*). ● *n.* loss. **bon perde** good riddance. **perde completa**complete loss, write-off. **perde de consensia** blackout, loss of consciousness. **perde de lus** blackout.

**perdeda** *adj.* lost, stray (*dog*, *cat*), astray. **perdeda a mar** *adj.* lost at sea, shipwrecked. ● *n.* castaway.**perdeda en batalia** missing in action, MIA.

**perdente** *adj.* losing; lossy (*compression*).

**perdis** *n.* partridge (*Phasianidae*). **perdis blanca** ptarmigan (*Lagopus*).

**perdor** *n.* loser.

**peregrina** *vi.* peregrinate, make a pilgrimage. ● *n.* peregrination, pilgrimage.

**peregrinor** *n.* pilgrim; peregrine falcon (*Falco peregrinus*).

**perene** *adj.* & *n.* perennial.

**perfeta** *adj.* perfect, flawless, immaculate, quintessential. ● *adv.* perfectly, by heart.

**perfeti** *vi.* & *vt.* perfect.

**perfetia** *n.* perfection.

**perfetisme** *n.* perfectionism.

**perfetiste** *adj.* perfectionist, punctilious. ● *n.* perfectionist.

**perfora** *vt.* perforate, pierce, puncture, riddle, run through, punch (*hole*). ● *n.* perforation, puncture. **perfora lombal** lumbar puncture, spinal tap.

**perforador** *n.* perforator, punch.

**pergamin** *n.* parchment. **enrola de pergamin** scroll. **pergamin de boveta** vellum.

**pergola** *n.* pergola, arbour (US arbor).

**peri**¹ *vt.* waste, misuse, squander. ● *n.* waste.

**peri-**² *pref.* peri- (*around*).

**pericardio** *n.* pericardium (*anatomy*).

**pericardite** *n.* pericarditis (*medical*).

**perielio** *n.* perihelion (*astronomy*).

**periferia** *n.* periphery.

**periferial** *adj.* peripheral, distal.

**perijeo** *n.* perigee (*astronomy*).

**peril** *n.* danger, hazard, peril, jeopardy.

**perila** *n.* perilla (*plant*: *Perilla*).

**perili** *vt.* endanger, imperil, jeopardize, compromise.

**perilida** *adj.* endangered, at risk.

**perilosa** *adj.* dangerous, hazardous, perilous, precarious.

**perimetre** *n.* perimeter, circumference, girth.

**perin** *adj.* pearlike, pear-shaped.

**perineo** *n.* perineum (*anatomy*).

**periodal** *adj.* periodic, regular.

**periodo** *n.* period, spell. **periodo de condena** sentence (*prison*). **periodo de incuba** incubation period.**periodo de ofisia** term of office, tenure.

**periodontia** *n.* periodontology, periodontics.

**periodontiste** *n.* periodontist.

**periorbita** *n.* periorbita (*anatomy*).

**periscopial** *adj.* periscopic.

**periscopio** *n.* periscope.

**peristalsia** *n.* peristalsis (*biology*).

**peristalsica** *adj.* peristaltic.

**peritoneo** *n.* peritoneum (*anatomy*).

**perjura** *vi.* perjure. ● *n.* perjury.

**perjuror** *n.* perjurer.

**perla** *n.* pearl. **perla de zucar** sugarplum.

**perleta** *n.* bead.

**perlin** *adj.* pearly.

**perma** *vt.* perm. ● *n.* perm, permanent wave (*hair*).

**permajelada** *n.* permafrost.

**permane** *vi.* be permanent, remain, continue, stay, overstay, linger. ● *n.* permanence.

**permanente** *adj.* permanent, long-term, indelible.

**permanentia** *n.* permanence.

**permea** *vt.* permeate, pervade, percolate, suffuse, riddle. ● *n.* permeation, perfusion.

**permeable** *adj.* permeable.

**permeada** *adj.* permeated; ingrown (*nail*). ● *n.* filtrate.

**permeante** *adj.* permeating, pervading, pervasive.

**permete** *vt.* permit, allow, let, authorize, grant; condone; e.g. *me permete ce tu reposa*; *me permete tu a reposa*; *me permete un reposa a tu*. ● *n.* permission, authorization, right, licence (US license). **permete a se**allow oneself (*to do*), afford (*to do*). **permete ce on vota** enfranchise. **permete entra** admit, allow entry.**permete poesial** poetic licence (US license).

**permeteda** *adj.* allowed, permitted, allowable, permissible. **es permeteda** be permitted, be allowed.

**permetente** *adj.* permitting. **permetente ce** although, granted that.

**permian** *adj.* & *n.* Permian (*geology*).

**permuta** *vt.* permutate. ● *n.* permutation.

**pero** *n.* pear (*tree*: *Pyrus*).

**perosa** *adj.* wasteful, inefficient, prodigal, profligate.

**perosia** *n.* wastefulness, inefficiency.

**perosido** *n.* peroxide. **idrojen perosido** hydrogen peroxide.

**perosisoma** *n.* peroxisome (*biology*).

**perpendicular** *adj.* & *n.* perpendicular.

**persegue** *vt.* persecute. ● *n.* persecution.

**perseguor** *n.* persecutor.

**persentil** *n.* percentile.

**persento** *n.* percent, percentage point. **sincodes persentos** fifty percent.

**Perseo** *n.* Perseus (*mythology*, *constellation*).

**persepable** *adj.* perceptible, noticeable, tangible. **apena persepable** barely perceptible, faint. **fasil persepable** salient, conspicuous, standing out.

**persepal** *adj.* perceptual.

**persepi** *vt.* perceive, notice, realize, detect, discern. ● *n.* perception; interpretation, point of view. **fa ce on persepi** call attention to, draw attention to. **persepi estrasensal** extrasensory perception, ESP.

**persepida** *n.* percept.

**persepinte** *adj.* perceptive, discerning, incisive, trenchant.

**Persia** *n.* Persia (*ancient region*).

**persian** *adj.* Persian. **Golfo Persian** Persian Gulf.

**persil** *n.* parsley (*plant*: *Petroselinum crispum*).

**persiste** *vi.* & *vt.* persist, persevere, linger. ● *n.* persistence, perseverance, tenacity.

**persistente** *adj.* persistent, lingering, tenacious.

**person** *n.* person. **no person** no one, nobody. **per person** per person, per capita, per head. **person comun**common person, everyman, man in the street. **person de mundo** socialite. **person importante**important person, personage. **person matur** grown-up, adult. **person nondesirada** persona non grata.**persones** people (*individuals*), persons, folk; staff (*of organization*). **persones disponable** available people, manpower.

**personal** *adj.* personal.

**personali** *vi.* & *vt.* personalize, customize. ● *n.* personalization, customization.

**personalia** *n.* personality. **personalia alternativa** alternative personality, alter ego.

**personi** *vi.* & *vt.* personify. ● *n.* personification, epitome.

**personin** *adj.* personlike.

**perspetiva** *n.* perspective.

**pertine** *vi.* pertain, relate, apply, be relevant, be associated, have to do with. ● *n.* pertinence, relevance. **lo pertine a** it’s a case of, it’s a matter of, it’s a question of, it’s to do with.

**pertinente** *adj.* pertinent, relevant, valid.

**pertuse** *n.* pertussis, whooping cough.

**Peru** [perú] *n.* Peru.

**peruan** *adj.* & *n.* Peruvian.

**peruca** *n.* wig, toupee.

**peruceta** *n.* hairpiece, hair attachment.

**perucor** *n.* perruquier, wigmaker.

**perverti** *vt.* pervert. ● *n.* perversion.

**pervertida** *adj.* perverse, perverted.

**pervertinte** *adj.* perverting, perversive.

**perxa** *n.* perch (*support*).

**perxi** *vt.* perch.

**pesa** *vt.* weigh (*have weight*, *measure weight*). ● *n.* weight (*measure*, *object*).

**pesador** *n.* scales, weighing machine.

**pesah** *n.* Pesach, Passover (*Judaism*).

**pesca** *adj.* peach (*colour*). ● *n.* peach (*fruit*).

**pesco** *n.* peach (*tree*: *Prunus persica*).

**peseta** *n.* titbit (US tidbit), morsel, stub (*pencil*, *cigarette*). **un peseta de** a small quantity of, a little, a few.

**pesimisme** *n.* pessimism.

**pesimiste** *adj.* pessimistic, downbeat. ● *n.* pessimist.

**peso** *n.* piece, fragment, slice, scrap; literary work, play (*theatre*), musical piece, track; (*building*) lot, plot (*land*); patch (*repair*); peso (*currency*). **a pesos** in pieces, to pieces, apart. **de du pesos** two-piece. **de pesos**patchwork. **de sola un peso** all-in-one. **de un peso** one-piece. **peso de xace** chesspiece. **peso spesa**thick piece, slab. **repara con pesos** patch.

**peson** *n.* chunk, hunk, wodge. **un peson de** a large quantity of, a lot of, a load of, lots of, loads of.

**pesosa** *adj.* heavy, ponderous, hefty. **tro pesosa** overweight; burdensome, onerous.

**pesta** *vt.* plague, pox. ● *n.* pestilence, plague, bane.

**peste** *n.* pest (*creature*); (*colloquial*) pest, nuisance, hassle, pain in the neck.

**pestiside** *n.* pesticide.

**pesto** *n.* pesto (*sauce*).

**peta** *vt.* & *n.* (*colloquial*) fart. **peta de labios** raspberry, razz, Bronx cheer.

**petal**¹ *n.* petal.

**petal**² *adj.* pectoral.

**petalosa** *adj.* petalled (US petaled).

**petardo** *n.* petard, firecracker, cracker, squib, banger.

**petecia** *n.* petechia (*medical*).

**peten**¹ *n.* comb.

**peten**² *n.* scallop (*Pectinidae*).

**peteni** *vt.* comb.

**peti** *adj.* small, little, undersized, wee. ● *vi.* & *vt.* shrink, reduce in size. ● *n.* little thing, little one, runt.

**petirosa** *n.* European robin (*bird*: *Erithacus rubecula*).

**peto** *n.* chest (*anatomy*), breast (*whole chest*, *including poultry*); bosom, bust. **con peto nuda** bare-chested, bare-breasted, topless.

**petra** *n.* stone. **petra cubo** sett, paving block. **petra de agi** whetstone. **petra de milia** milestone. **petra de molin** millstone, grindstone. **petra de paso** stepping stone. **petra de pave** paving stone, paving block (*of any kind*). **petra de tomba** tombstone, gravestone, headstone. **petra de zodiaco** birthstone. **petra focosa** flint, firestone. **petra plata** flagstone, paving stone, paver. **petra ronda** round stone, cobblestone.**petra ultima** capstone.

**petrel** *n.* petrel (*bird*: *Procellariidae*, *Hydrobatidae*, *Pelecanoididae*).

**petri** *vi.* & *vt.* petrify. ● *n.* petrification.

**petrida** *adj.* petrified.

**petrin** *adj.* stonelike, stony.

**petro-** *pref.* petro- (*stone*).

**petrocimical** *adj.* & *n.* petrochemical.

**petrodolar** *n.* petrodollar.

**petrolio** *n.* (*crude*) oil, petroleum.

**petrolojia** *n.* petrology.

**petronia** *n.* rock sparrow, petronia (*bird*: *Petronia*).

**petror** *n.* mason, stonemason.

**petrosa** *adj.* stony, full of stones.

**petunia** *n.* petunia (*plant*: *Petunia*).

**pex** *n.* fish. **pex anjelin** angelfish (*Pterophyllum*). **pex arjenta** silverfish (*Lepisma saccharina*). **pex caxin**boxfish (*Ostraciontidae*). **pex de rocas** rockfish (*Sebastes*and other genera). **pex de siera** sawfish (*Pristidae*). **pex de spada** swordfish (*Xiphias gladius*). **pex de vela** sailfish (*Istiophorus*). **pex gatin**catfish (*Siluriformes*). **pex linguin** tonguefish (*Cynoglossidae*). **pex oro** goldfish (*Carassius auratus*). **pex pipin** pipefish (*Syngnathinae*). **pex plata** flatfish (*Pleuronectiformes*). **pex plenida** gefilte fish. **Pex Sude** Piscis Austrinus (*constellation*). **Pex Volante** Volans (*constellation*). **Pexes** Pisces (*constellation*).

**pexa** *vt.* fish (*for*). ● *n.* fishing, angling. **pexa con serca** seine (*fish with a dragnet*). **pexa per pomas** bob for apples. **pexa ueb** phishing.

**pexeria** *n.* fishery.

**pexeta** *n.* minnow (*fish*: *Phoxinus*).

**-pexia** *n.suff.* -pexy (*fastening*).

**pexor** *n.* fisherman, angler; kingfisher (*bird*: *Alcedines*). **pexor ueb** phisher.

**pf** *abbr.* (*per favore*) please.

**pH** [pehax] *n.* pH.

**pi** *n.* pi (*Greek letter*).

**pia** *vi.* & *n.* tweet, twitter, beep, bleep, chirp, squeak. **pia longa** *v.* & *n.* squeal.

**piador** *n.* pager, beeper.

**piafa** *vi.*, *vt.* & *n.* stamp, stomp (*feet*).

**piamadre** *n.* pia mater (*anatomy*).

**pianiste** *n.* pianist.

**piano** *n.* piano, pianoforte. **piano automata** pianola, player piano. **piano de enrola** pianola, player piano.

**piastre** *n.* piastre (US piaster) (*currency*).

**pibgorn** *n.* pibgorn, hornpipe (*musical instrument*).

**pica**¹ *vt.* & *n.* sting, peck, prick. **pica de spino** pinprick.

**pica**² *n.* pika (*animal*: *Ochotona minor*).

**pica**³ *n.* pica (*food craving*).

**picador** *n.* sting, stinger.

**picalili** *n.* piccalilli (*sauce*).

**picante** *adj.* stinging, piquant.

**picatarte** *n.* rockfowl (*bird*: *Picathartesa*).

**picia** *n.* tininess, minuteness.

**picnica** *vi.* & *n.* picnic.

**pico**¹ *adj.* tiny, teeny, minute, minuscule, miniscule, puny. ● *adv.* slightly, a little. ● *n.* bit, dash, pinch, smidgen, soupçon, speck, spot, tad, trace, modicum (*tiny amount*); trifle, bagatelle. **pico de pan** crumb, breadcrumb.**pico de sal** pinch of salt. **pico e pico** little by little. **picos** bits, smithereens. **un pico de** a very small quantity of, a little bit of, a few. **un plu pico de** a little more of, a bit more of.

**pico-**² *pref.* pico- (*a million-millionth*).

**picolo** *n.* piccolo (*flute*).

**picon** *n.* pick, pickaxe (US pickax).

**picor** *n.* picador (*bullfighter*); woodpecker (*bird*: *Picinae*).

**picosecondo** *n.* picosecond.

**Piemonte** *n.* Piedmont (*Italian region*).

**piemontese** *adj.* & *n.* Piedmontese (*person*, *language*).

**piga** *n.* magpie (*bird*: *Cissa*, *Cyanopica*, *Pica*, *Urocissa*). **piga blu** blue magpie (*Urocissa*). **piga comun**Eurasian magpie (*Pica*). **piga itiopian** Stresemann’s bushcrow (*Zavattariornis*). **piga sian** azure-winged magpie (*Cyanopica*). **piga verde** green magpie (*Cissa*).

**pigmento** *n.* pigment, pigmentation.

**pigmeo** *n.* pygmy.

**pigra** *adj.* lazy, languid, idle, indolent, lackadaisical, slothful. ● *n.* lazy person, lazybones, idler, deadbeat, goldbricker, sluggard, wastrel.

**pigri** *vi.* laze, lounge, bask, idle; loiter, dawdle, dally, tarry. ● *vt.* make lazy.

**pigria** *n.* laziness, idleness.

**pijin** *n.* pidgin (*language*).

**pijon** *n.* pigeon, dove (*Columbidae*). **Pijon** *n.* Columba (*constellation*). **pijon de bosce** wood pigeon (*Columba palumbus*). **pijon de rocas** rock pigeon, rock dove (*Columba livia*).

**pijoneria** *n.* dovecot, dovecote.

**pijoneta** *n.* squab (*baby pigeon*).

**pil** *n.* pill, tablet. **pil de doman** morning-after pill. **pil rombo** lozenge.

**pila** *vt.* pile, heap, stack. ● *n.* pile, heap, stack; battery. **pila de combustable** fuel cell. **pila de lenio** woodpile.

**pilaf** *n.* pilaf (*food*).

**pilastro** *n.* pilaster (*column*).

**pilipina** *adj.* & *n.* Philippine. **Mar Pilipina** Philippine Sea.

**Pilipinas** *n.pl.* Philippines. — The form is normally *la Pilipinas*.

**piloral** *adj.* pyloric.

**pilori** *n.* pillory, stocks. ● *vt.* pillory.

**piloro** *n.* pylorus (*anatomy*).

**pilote** *n.* pilot.

**piloteria** *n.* cockpit.

**pilsen** *n.* pils, pilsner (*beer*).

**pimento** *n.* allspice, pimento, pimiento, Jamaica pepper (*tree*, *spice*: *Pimenta dioica*).

**pimpinela** *n.* pimpernel (*Anagallis*, *Lysimachia*). **pimpinela scarlata** scarlet pimpernel (*Anagallis arvensis arvensis*).

**pina** *n.* fin. **pina dorsal** dorsal fin. **pina ladal** pectoral fin.

**pinaculo** *n.* pinnacle, spire, steeple.

**pinaculor** *n.* steeplejack.

**pinbal** *n.* pinball, flipper.

**pineal** *adj.* pineal (*anatomy*). **glande pineal** pineal gland.

**pinguin** *n.* penguin (*Spheniscidae*).

**piniacolada** *n.* piña colada (*drink*).

**piniata** *n.* piñata (*container of treats*).

**piniin** *n.* Pinyin (*transcription*).

**pinion** *n.* gear, pinion. **pinion cono** bevel gear. **pinion elica** helical gear.

**pino** *n.* pine (*tree*: *Pinus*).

**pinocle** *n.* pinochle (*card game*).

**pinse** *n.* pincers, pliers, tongs. **pinse de cosini** tongs. **pinse de vestes** clothespin, clothespeg. **pinse medical**forceps. **pinse vascular** haemostat (US hemostat).

**pinseta** *n.* tweezers.

**pinsi** *vt.* & *n.* pinch, nip, tweeze, tweak.

**pinson** *n.* finch (*bird*: *Fringillidae*).

**pinta** *n.* paint. **pinta de acua** water-based paint. **pinta de corpo** body paint. **pinta de emulsion** emulsion paint. **pinta de fas** facepaint. **pinta de olio** oil paint, oil-based paint. **pinta prima** primer.

**pinti** *vt.* paint. See *depinta*.

**pintida** *adj.* painted.

**pintilabio** *n.* lipstick.

**pintisil** *n.* mascara.

**pintiungia** *n.* nail polish.

**pintor** *n.* painter. See *depintor*.

**piolio** *n.* louse (*insect*: *Phthiraptera*).

**piopio** *n.* piopio, turnagra (*bird*: *Turnagra*).

**pip** *interj.* & *n.* squeak, tweet, peep, cheep (*mouse*, *bird*).

**pipa** *n.* pipe. **pipa de acua** hookah, bong, water pipe.

**pipal** *n.* pipal, peepul, sacred fig, bo tree, bodhi tree (*Ficus religiosa*).

**pipeta** *n.* pipette. **pipeta de oio** eyedropper.

**pipi** *vi.* squeak, tweet, peep, cheep.

**pipilo** *n.* towhee (*bird*: *Pipilo*).

**pipin** *adj.* pipelike, pipe-shaped.

**pira** *n.* pyre (*bonfire*).

**piramide** *n.* pyramid.

**pirania** *n.* piranha (*Piranha*).

**pirata** *n.* pirate, buccaneer. **pirata de rede** hacker, cracker.

**pirati** *vt.* hack, crack; pirate, bootleg, make a pirate copy of.

**piratia** *n.* piracy.

**pirinean** *adj.* Pyrenean.

**Pirineo** *n.* Pyrenees. **Montes Pirineo** Pyrenees.

**pirita** *n.* iron pyrite, fool’s gold (*mineral*).

**piro-** *pref.* pyro- (*fire*).

**pirogi** *n.* pierogi, perogi, varenyky (*dumplings*).

**piromania** *n.* pyromania.

**piromanica** *adj.* pyromaniacal. ● *n.* pyromaniac.

**pirometral** *adj.* pyrometric.

**pirometre** *n.* pyrometer.

**pirotecnica** *n.* pyrotechnics.

**pirotecnical** *adj.* pyrotechnical. ● *n.* firework display.

**pirueta** *vi.* & *n.* pirouette.

**pirula** *n.* bullfinch (*bird*: *Pyrrhula*).

**pisa** *n.* (*colloquial*) piss, pee, wee (*urine*).

**pisea** *n.* spruce (*tree*: *Picea*).

**pisi** *vt.* (*colloquial*) piss, pee, wee (*urinate*).

**pisin** *adj.* & *n.* Tok Pisin (*language*).

**pisina** *n.* swimming pool.

**piso** *n.* pea (*plant*, *seed*: *Pisum sativum*).

**pistaxio** *n.* pistachio (*tree*, *nut*: *Pistacia vera*).

**pistil** *n.* pistil (*botany*).

**pistol** *n.* pistol, handgun. **pistol de cola** glue gun. **pistol eletrical** stun gun, taser. **pistol per solda**soldering gun.

**pistoli** *vt.* fight with pistols. ● *n.* pistol fight, gunfight.

**pistolor** *n.* gunfighter, gunslinger, gunman.

**piston** *n.* piston. **piston de mole** pestle. See *bol*.

**pita**¹ *n.* pitta (*bird*: *Pitta*).

**pita**² *n.* pitta (US pita), Arabic bread, Syrian bread. **pita de falafel** falafel. **pita elinica** gyro, gyros.

**Pitagora** *n.* Pythagoras.

**pitagoran** *adj.* Pythagorean.

**piton** *n.* python (*Pythonidae*).

**pitui** *n.* pitohui (*bird*: *Pitohui*).

**pivote** *vi.* & *vt.* pivot, swing round.

**pixa** *n.* (*colloquial*) cock, dick, prick, knob, willy (*penis*). **suca de pixa** blowjob. **suca la pixa** (*colloquial*) suck off, give a blowjob, blow, go down on (*fellatio*).

**pixel** *n.* pixel.

**pixeli** *vi.* & *vt.* pixellate. ● *n.* pixellation.

**pixeta** *n.* (*insult*) jerk, schmuck, prat, dickhead, knobhead, tosser, wanker.

**pixon** *n.* (*colloquial*) hard-on, stiffy, boner, wood (*erection*).

**piza** *n.* pizza.

**pizeria** *n.* pizzeria.

**pizicato** *n.* pizzicato.

**placa** *vt.* plate. ● *n.* plating; plate (*photographic*, *mechanical*); plaque (*tablet*). **placa de nom** nameplate.**placa de veculo** vehicle registration plate, licence (US license) plate, number plate. **placa dental** dental plaque. **placa tetonical** tectonic plate.

**placozon** *n.* placozoon (pl. placozoa) (*organism*: *Placazoa*).

**plaia** *n.* beach, shore, seashore.

**plajia** *vt.* plagiarize. ● *n.* plagiarism.

**plajior** *n.* plagiarist.

**plana** *adj.* flat (*not bumpy*), plane, planar, level; smooth, even, flush. ● *n.* plane (*surface*); counter, worktop (*surface*). **plana sajital** sagittal plane (*anatomy*). See *plata*.

**planador** *n.* plane, planing tool, planer.

**planaria** *n.* planarian (*worm*: *Planaria*).

**plance** *n.* plank, board, batten. **plance compresada** hardboard. **plance de embarca** gangplank, gangway.**plance de jeso** drywall, plasterboard, sheetrock, wallboard. **plance de lava** washboard. **plance de neva**snowboard. **plance de solo** floorboard. **plance de surfa** surfboard. **plance de vela** sailboard.

**planceta** *n.* board (*small*). **planceta de ceso** cheese board. **planceta de clip** clipboard. **planceta de pan**bread board. **planceta de talia** cutting board.

**planci** *vt.* board, board up.

**plancton** *n.* plankton.

**planeta** *n.* planet.

**planetal** *adj.* planetary.

**planeteria** *n.* planetarium.

**planeterieta** *n.* orrery (*solar system model*).

**planetesimo** *n.* planetesimal.

**planeteta** *n.* minor planet, asteroid.

**planetolojia** *n.* planetology.

**planetolojiste** *n.* planetologist.

**planeton** *n.* giant planet. **planeton de gas** gas giant.

**plani** *vi.* flatten, plane, level, become even. ● *vt.* flatten, plane, level, make even.

**planida** *adj.* flattened. **planida a la polos** oblate.

**plano** *n.* plain, pampas, flatland. **plano alta** plateau, high plain, mesa, altiplano, paramo, tableland. **plano continental** continental shelf. **plano deluvial** floodplain.

**planta**¹ *vt.* plant. ● *n.* plant; planting. **planta infestante** weed. **plantas** plants, vegetation, flora, greenery.

**planta**² *n.* sole (*foot*). **planta de sapato** sole (*shoe*). **planta interna** innersole, insole.

**plantago** *n.* plantain, fleawort (*plant*: *Plantago*).

**plantal**¹ *adj.* plant-related, vegetational.

**plantal**² *adj.* plantar (*of the sole*).

**plantano** *n.* plantain (*plant*, *fruit*: *Musa acuminata*, *Musa balbisiana*).

**plantigrada** *adj.* plantigrade (*biology*).

**plantosa** *adj.* verdant.

**plantosia** *n.* verdure.

**plase** *vt.* please; humour (US humor). ● *n.* pleasingness, pleasantness, agreeableness. **lo plase me** it pleases me, I like it.

**plasebo** *adj.* & *n.* placebo (*medical*).

**plaseda** *adj.* pleased.

**plasenta** *n.* placenta; afterbirth.

**plasental** *adj.* placental.

**plasente** *adj.* pleasing, pleasant, agreeable, welcome, complaisant, tasteful.

**plaser** *n.* pleasure, enjoyment. **plaser odiosa** Schadenfreude. **plaser vergoniosa** guilty pleasure.

**plaserosa** *adj.* pleasurable, enjoyable.

**-plasia** *n.suff.* -plasia (*growth*).

**plasma**¹ *n.* plasma (*medical*, *gas*).

**-plasma**² *n.suff.* -plasm (*growth*).

**plasmasite** *n.* plasmacyte (*biology*).

**-plasmica** *adj.suff.* -plasmic.

**plasmodio** *n.* plasmodium (*organism*).

**-plastia** *n.suff.* -plasty (*surgery*).

**plastica**¹ *adj.* & *n.* plastic. **plastica abrasante** shrink wrap. **plastica de bolas** bubblewrap. **plastica de vitro** glass-reinforced plastic, fibreglass (US fiberglass). **plastica polalida** polaroid.

**-plastica**² *adj.suff.* -plastic (*surgical*).

**plasto** *n.* plastid (*biology*).

**plata** *adj.* flat (*level and thin*), flattened, thin; plain (*text file*). ● *n.* plate, platen. **plata de cupre** copperplate (*engraving*). **plata de forno** sheet pan. **plata jirante** turntable (*rail*). **plata per biscotos** cookie sheet. See *plana*.

**plataforma** *n.* platform, podium, rostrum, dais, catwalk. **plataforma de petrolio** oil platform, oil rig.**plataforma de predica** pulpit. **plataforma rolante** rolling platform, dolly.

**platan** *n.* sycamore (*tree*: *Platanus*).

**platdeutx** *adj.* & *n.* Plattdeutsch, Low Saxon, Low German (*language*).

**plateta** *n.* saucer.

**plati** *vi.* & *vt.* flatten.

**platielminto** *n.* platyhelminth, flatworm (*Platyhelminthes*).

**platin** *adj.* flattish.

**platino** *n.* platinum.

**platizon** *n.* platyzoon (pl. platyzoa) (*organism*).

**plato** *n.* plate, dish; course. **lava la platos** wash the dishes, wash up, do the washing-up. **plato de disco**turntable. **plato de la dia** dish of the day. **plato de lenio** trencher. **plato de Petri** Petri dish. **plato miscada** mixed dish, salmagundi. **plato prima** starter, first course. **platos de forno** ovenware.

**Platon**¹ *n.* Plato (*philosopher*).

**platon**² *n.* platter, tray. **platon de esflue** output tray.

**platonica** *adj.* platonic.

**platonisme** *n.* Platonism.

**plaza** *n.* plaza, (*town*) square.

**plectro** *n.* plectrum.

**-plejia** *n.suff.* -plegia (*paralysis*).

**-plejica** *adj.suff.* -plegic.

**plen** *adj.* full, filled, gravid, teeming. ● *adv.* fully. **es plen de** be full of, abound in, teem with, be rife with, be fraught with, be riddled with. **partal plen** half full.

**pleni** *vi.* & *vt.* fill, stuff, pad, stock, cram, engorge. ● *n.* filling, stuffing (*action*). **pleni la spasio** fill in the blank.

**plenia** *n.* fullness, satiety.

**pleniboca** *n.* mouthful; tongue twister.

**plenibraso** *n.* armful, armload.

**plenida** *adj.* filled. ● *n.* plenum (*filled space*). **plenida de** fed up with.

**plenimano** *n.* handful.

**pleninte** *adj.* filling. ● *n.* filling, stuffing (*substance*); filler, stopgap, expletive.

**plenioio** *n.* eyeful.

**pleniorea** *n.* earful.

**plenipunio** *n.* fistful.

**plenisaco** *n.* bagful.

**pleo-** *pref.* pleo- (*more*).

**plesiosauro** *n.* plesiosaur (*Plesiosauria*).

**pleso** *n.* plexus (*anatomy*).

**plestosene** *adj.* & *n.* Pleistocene (*geology*).

**pleura** *n.* pleura (*anatomy*).

**pleural** *adj.* pleural.

**pleurite** *n.* pleuritis, pleurisy (*medical*).

**plia** *vt.* fold, bend, crease, tuck. ● *n.* fold, bend, crease, tuck; furrow; sulcus. **plia de codo** crook of the arm. **plia de jeno** crook of the leg, back of the knee; genuflection, genuflexion. **plia de jenos** curtsy. **plia de tempo**time warp. **plia sua jenos** curtsy. **plia sua oios** squint, half-close one’s eyes. **plia un jeno** genuflect. **plia vosal** vocal fold, vocal cord (*anatomy*).

**pliable** *adj.* foldable, folding, collapsible, pliable, pliant.

**Pliades** *n.pl.* Pleiades (*mythology*, *stars*).

**plieta** *vt.* wrinkle, shrivel, crumple, crimp, wither, pucker, purse, furrow. ● *n.* wrinkle, crinkle, crimp, pucker, furrow. **plieta sua fronte** furrow one’s brow.

**plietosa** *adj.* wrinkled, shrivelled (US shriveled), wizened, crumpled, crinkled, crinkly, puckered, puckery, plissé.

**pliosene** *adj.* & *n.* Pliocene (*anatomy*).

**plisa** *vt.* pleat (*stitched fold*). ● *n.* pleat.

**plomin** *adj.* leaden.

**plomo** *n.* lead. **sin plomo** unleaded.

**plomor** *n.* plumber.

**plora** *vt.* cry, weep, bawl. ● *n.* cry.

**ploreta** *vt.* & *n.* whimper.

**plorosa** *n.* crybaby.

**ploton** *n.* platoon.

**plu** *det.* more, additional, extra, further, other, another; e.g. *plu tempo*; *plu problemes*; *un plu peso de torta*. ●*adv.* more; any more, any further, any longer; in addition, besides, moreover, furthermore; e.g. *plu fria ca*. ●*conj.* plus (*arithmetic*). **a la plu** at most. **la plu** the most, the maximum; e.g. *la dia la plu longa*; *mea ami la plu cara*. **la plu de** most, the majority of; e.g. *la plu de persones*. **no plu** no longer, no more, not any more (*time*). **per la plu** mostly, for the most part. **plu … plu** the more … the more; e.g. *plu me deveni vea, min me recorda*; *plu me leje, min me sabe*; *plu me senta, plu me deveni fria*. **plu ca nesesada** more than necessary, excessive, superfluous, redundant, overkill, supernumerary. **plu ca sempre** more than ever.**plu e plu** more and more, ever more. **plu o min** more or less, approximately.

**pluf** *n.* & *interj.* splash, plop, splat.

**plufi** *vi.* & *vt.* splash, plop, splat; dabble (*in water*).

**pluma** *n.* feather, quill. **pluma nonmatur** pinfeather. **plumas** feathers, plumage.

**plumasedin** *n.* silky-flycatcher (*bird*: *Ptilogonatidae*).

**plumbago** *n.* plumbago (*plant*: *Plumbago*).

**plumeria** *n.* plumeria, frangipani (*tree*: *Plumeria*).

**plumi** *vt.* feather, fletch.

**plumin** *adj.* feathery, featherlike.

**plumon** *n.* plume (*feathers*, *smoke*). **plumon de despolvi** feather duster.

**plumosa** *adj.* feathery (*full of feathers*).

**plural** *adj.* & *n.* plural.

**plurali** *vi.* & *vt.* pluralize.

**pluralia** *n.* plurality.

**pluralisme** *n.* pluralism.

**pluraliste** *n.* pluralist.

**Pluto** *n.* Pluto (*mythology*, *planet*).

**plutocrata** *n.* plutocrat.

**plutocratia** *n.* plutocracy.

**plutonio** *n.* plutonium.

**pluve** *vi.* rain. ● *n.* rain, rainfall. **lo pluve** it’s raining.

**pluveta** *vi.* & *n.* shower, drizzle. **pluveta lamposa** thundershower.

**pluvial** *n.* plover (*bird*: *Pluvialis*). **pluvial de Egipte** Egyptian plover (*Pluvianus aegyptius*). **pluvial de Magalan** Magellanic plover (*Pluvianellus socialis*).

**pluvon** *n.* rainstorm, downpour, cloudburst, soaker.

**pluvosa** *adj.* rainy, wet, inclement.

**pm** *abbr.* (*pos mediadia*) p.m.

**-pnea** *n.suff.* -pnea (*breathing*).

**pneumato-** *pref.* pneumato- (*air*).

**pneumo-** *pref.* pneumo- (*air*).

**pneumonia** *n.* pneumonia.

**poca** *det.* few (*in number*), little (*quantity*). — *Poca* emphasises the smallness of the quantity. A more general way of saying *a few* or *a little* is *alga*. ● *adv.* (*only a*) little, not much. ● *pron.* little, few (*singular or plural*).**poca min** *adj.* (*only a*) little less, few less. ● *adv.* (*only a*) little less. **poca plu** *adj.* (*only a*) little more, few more. ● *adv.* (*only a*) little more. **pocas** (*people or things*, *optional plural pronoun*). **tan poca como posible** as few as possible, as little as possible.

**pocer** *n.* poker (*card game*).

**poci** *vi.* & *vt.* reduce in quantity.

**podcasta** *vt.* & *n.* podcast.

**podolojia** *n.* podiatry, chiropody.

**podolojiste** *n.* podiatrist, chiropodist.

**podometre** *n.* pedometer.

**poesia** *n.* poem, verse; poetry. **mal poesia** bad poetry, doggerel. **poesia de lamenta** elegy.

**poesial** *adj.* poetic.

**poesin** *adj.* poetic, picturesque.

**poesiste** *n.* poet.

**pogrom** *n.* pogrom (*massacre*).

**poi** *n.* poi (*food*).

**-poiese** *n.suff.* -poiesis (*forming*).

**poitin** *n.* poteen, potheen (*drink*).

**polal** *adj.* polar.

**polali** *vi.* & *vt.* polarize. ● *n.* polarization.

**polalia** *n.* polarity (*electric*, *magnetic*).

**polca** *n.* polka (*dance*).

**polder** *n.* polder (*reclaimed land*).

**polemica** *n.* polemic.

**polemiciste** *n.* polemicist.

**polen** *n.* pollen.

**poleni** *vt.* pollinate. ● *n.* pollination.

**polenta** *n.* polenta (*food*).

**polex** *n.* pollex, thumb (*technical*).

**poli-** *pref.* poly- (*many*).

**poliandria** *n.* polyandry (*marriage*).

**poliandrial** *adj.* polyandrous.

**polidatilia** *n.* polydactyly (*biology*).

**polidatilo** *adj.* polydactylic.

**poliedro** *adj.* polyhedral. ● *n.* polyhedron.

**poliester** *n.* polyester. **de poliester** (*made of*) polyester.

**polietilen** *n.* polyethylene, polythene.

**polifonia** *n.* polyphony (*music*).

**polifonial** *adj.* polyphonic.

**poligala** *n.* milkwort (*plant*: *Polygala*).

**poligama** *adj.* polygamous.

**poligamia** *n.* polygamy (*marriage*, *botany*).

**poligamiste** *n.* polygamist.

**poligon** *adj.* polygonal. ● *n.* polygon.

**polijinia** *n.* polygyny (*marriage*).

**polijinial** *adj.* polygynous.

**polimer** *n.* polymer.

**polimeri** *vi.* & *vt.* polymerize. ● *n.* polymerization.

**polimeria** *n.* polymerism.

**polimerosa** *adj.* polymeric, polymerous.

**polimorfe** *adj.* polymorphic.

**polimorfia** *n.* polymorphism.

**Polinesia** *n.* Polynesia. **Polinesia Franses** French Polynesia.

**polinesian** *adj.* & *n.* Polynesian.

**polinomial** *adj.* polynomial.

**polinomio** *n.* polynomial.

**poliomielite** *n.* polio, poliomyelitis.

**polioptila** *n.* gnatcatcher (*bird*: *Polioptilidae*).

**polipeptido** *n.* polypeptide (*chemistry*).

**polipo** *n.* polyp.

**polisacarido** *n.* polysaccharide (*sugar*).

**polisia** *n.* police.

**polisieria** *n.* police station.

**polisilaba** *n.* polysyllable.

**polisilabal** *adj.* polysyllabic.

**polisior** *n.* police officer, policeman, policewoman, constable, cop. **polisior barati** sepoy. **polisior canadian**mountie. **polisior engles** bobby. **polisior franses** gendarme. **polisior montante** mounted police officer, trooper.

**polistiren** *n.* polystyrene. **polistiren estruida** expanded polystyrene, polystyrene foam, styrofoam.

**politburo** *n.* politburo.

**politecnical** *n.* polytechnic.

**politeisme** [politeïsme] *n.* polytheism.

**politeiste** [politeïste] *adj.* polytheistic. ● *n.* polytheist.

**politica** *n.* politics; policy. **politica esterna** foreign policy. **politica interna** domestic policy. **politica perilosa** brinkmanship.

**political** *adj.* political.

**politici** *vi.* & *vt.* politicize.

**politiciste** *n.* politician.

**poliuretan** *n.* polyurethane.

**polivalente** *adj.* polyvalent.

**polivinil** *n.* polyvinyl chloride, PVC. **polivinil cuorin** naugahyde.

**polo**¹ *n.* pole (*magnetic*, *etc.*). **polo de sielo** celestial pole. **Polo Norde** North Pole. **Polo Sude** South Pole.

**polo**² *n.* polo (*sport*). **polo de acua** water polo.

**polonesa** *n.* polonaise (*dance*).

**polonio** *n.* polonium (*element*).

**polpo** *n.* octopus (*Octopoda*).

**Polsca** *n.* Poland.

**polsce** *adj.* Polish (*person*, *language*). ● *n.* Polish, Pole.

**polso** *n.* wrist; cuff.

**polvi** *vi.* turn to dust, effloresce. ● *vt.* powder, pulverize, atomize.

**polvin** *adj.* powdery.

**polvo** *n.* dust, powder. **covre con polvo** (*cover with*) dust, powder. **polvo cosmetica** cosmetic powder, face powder. **polvo de siera** sawdust. **polvo de talco** talcum powder, baby powder. **polvo negra** black powder, gunpowder. **polvo rojinte** rouge. **polvo xerografial** toner.

**polvosa** *adj.* dusty.

**poma** *n.* apple (*fruit*). **poma de Adam** Adam’s apple, laryngeal prominence. **poma savaje** crab apple.

**pomatostomo** *n.* Australian babbler (*bird*: *Pomatostomus*).

**pomelo** *n.* grapefruit (*fruit*, *tree*: *Citrus*× *paradisi*).

**pomis** *n.* pumice (*rock*).

**pomo** *n.* apple (*tree*: *Malus*).

**pomon** *n.* pommel (*sword*, *saddle*).

**pomoran** *n.* pomeranian (*dog*).

**pompa** *n.* pump. **Pompa** *n.* Antlia (*constellation*).

**pompador** *n.* pompadour (*hairstyle*).

**pomperia** *n.* fire station, fire department.

**pompi** *vt.* pump. ● *n.* pumping; push-up (*exercise*).

**pompon** *n.* pompom.

**pompor** *n.* firefighter, fireman.

**pone** *vt.* put, put down, place, lay, stick; impose. ● *n.* placing, placement. **pone se en filo** get in line, queue up, form a queue. **pone sur scafal** shelve.

**ponte** *n.* bridge. **ponte de pasea** footbridge. **ponte de pontones** pontoon (*bridge*). **ponte levable**drawbridge, lift bridge.

**ponteta** *n.* scaffolding; scaffold (*gallows*).

**ponti** *vt.* bridge. **ponti la canion** bridge the gap.

**ponton** *n.* pontoon (*boat*).

**pontxe** *n.* punch, toddy, grog (*drink*). **pontxe de ovos** eggnog.

**pontxo** *n.* poncho (*garment*).

**pop** *adj.* & *n.* pop (*music*).

**popa** *n.* stern (*ship*); (*colloquial*) bum, butt, rear, tush (*buttocks*). **Popa** *n.* Puppis (*constellation*).

**popal** *adj.* aft, astern.

**popcorn** *n.* popcorn.

**popelin** *n.* poplin (*fabric*).

**popla** *vt.* populate. ● *n.* population (*action*, *figure*); people (*a particular community*); populace, (*the*) masses, (*the*) public. **de la popla comun** plebeian. **popla laborante** working people, working masses.

**poplada** *adj.* populated. **multe poplada** populous.

**poplal** *adj.* popular (*of or by the populace*).

**poplisme** *n.* populism.

**popliste** *n.* populist.

**poplo** *n.* poplar (*tree*: *Populus*). **poplo tremante** aspen.

**popular** *adj.* popular.

**populari** *vi.* & *vt.* popularize. ● *n.* popularization.

**popularia** *n.* popularity.

**por** *n.* pore (*opening*).

**porceria** *n.* pig sty, pigpen.

**porceta** *n.* piglet; piggy bank.

**porcin** *adj.* piglike, porcine.

**porco** *n.* pig, hog, swine (*Sus*); (*insult*) slob. **porco savaje** wild pig, razorback.

**porcor** *n.* swineherd.

**porcospina** *n.* porcupine (*Hystricomorpha*).

**porfir** *n.* porphyry (*rock*).

**porifero** *n.* porifer (*organism*: *Porifera*).

**porno** *adj.* (*colloquial*) porn. ● *n.* porn; porno, porn film.

**pornografia** *n.* pornography, smut.

**pornografial** *adj.* pornographic.

**pornografiste** *n.* pornographer.

**poro** *n.* leek (*plant*, *vegetable*: *Allium ampeloprasum*).

**porosa** *adj.* porous.

**-porose** *n.suff.* -porosis (*medical*).

**porselana** *n.* porcelain, china.

**porta** *vt.* carry, bear, convey, tote; wear. ● *n.* carrying, portage. **porta de trapa** trap door.

**portabagaje** *n.* boot, trunk (*of vehicle*).

**portabal** *n.* tee (*golf*).

**portabebe** *n.* baby sling, babycarrier.

**portable** *adj.* portable, mobile; wearable. ● *n.* portable computer, laptop.

**portabroca** *n.* chuck (*gripping tool*).

**portabulbo** *n.* light socket, light fixture.

**portacandela** *n.* candleholder, candlestick, sconce.

**portacaxon** *n.* bier.

**portaclave** *n.* keyring, keychain.

**portacoda** *n.* hair tie, scrunchie.

**portacontenador** *n.* container ship.

**portacopa** *n.* cup holder.

**portacua** *n.* water trough. **portacua de avias** bird bath.

**portaculpa** *n.* scapegoat, fall guy, patsy.

**portada** *adj.* carried; worn. **portada par aira** airborne.

**portadetrito** *n.* skip, dumpster.

**portador** *n.* stand, holder, support.

**portafeno** *n.* trough, manger.

**portaferida** *n.* stretcher. **portaferida rolante** (*hospital*) trolley, gurney.

**portaflexa** *n.* quiver.

**portaflor** *n.* flowerpot.

**portafolio** *n.* portfolio, briefcase.

**portaganto** *n.* glovebox, glove compartment.

**portagrafito** *n.* mechanical pencil, propelling pencil, clutch pencil.

**portainca** *n.* inkpot, inkstand.

**portainserta** *n.* stock (*for graft*).

**portajoala** *n.* jewellery (US jewelry) case, jewellery (US jewelry) box, casket.

**portalia** [portalía] *n.* suspender belt (*UK*), garter belt (*US*).

**portalibro** *n.* bookstand, lectern.

**portamento** *n.* portamento, pitch bend (*music*).

**portamone** *n.* wallet, purse, billfold.

**portamortero** *n.* mortarboard.

**portaovo** *n.* eggcup.

**portapaper** *n.* folder. **portapaper de anelos** ring binder.

**portapeca** *n.* scapegoat, sacrificial lamb, whipping boy.

**portapen** *n.* pen holder.

**portapil** *n.* pillbox.

**portapistol** *n.* holster.

**portaplanta** *n.* planter.

**portasene** *n.* ashtray.

**portaseno** *n.* bra, brassiere. **portaseno de bicini** bikini top. **portaseno tubo** bandeau top. **sin portaseno**braless.

**portaseso** *n.* jockstrap; dance belt; codpiece.

**portasigareta** *n.* cigarette holder.

**portaspada** *n.* scabbard.

**portaspino** *n.* pincushion.

**portatela** *n.* towel rack, towel rail.

**portatorxa** *n.* torchbearer.

**portatronco** *n.* andiron (*holding logs in a fire*).

**portaveste** *n.* clothes rack, clothes rail, clothes rod, clothes pole, clothes horse, clothes airer.

**portavion** *n.* aircraft carrier.

**portavose** *n.* spokesperson, spokesman, spokeswoman. **portavose de sindicato** union steward, shop steward.

**portaxapo** *n.* hatbox.

**porte** *n.* door. **con porte retro** hatchback (*car*). **porte caruselin** revolving door. **porte contra esplodes**blast door. **porte de asede** hatch. **porte de rede** screen door. **porte-fenetra** *n.* French window, French door. **porte retro** back door, tailgate. **porte xef** front door.

**porteta** *n.* gate (*field*, *garden*), gateway; wicket (*gate*, *cricket*). **porteta de peaje** tollgate.

**portico** *n.* portico, porch.

**porto**¹ *n.* port, harbour (US harbor), seaport; port (*computer*). **porto de visita** port of call. **Porto Rica** Puerto Rico. **porto spasial** spaceport (*science fiction*).

**porto**² *n.* port (*wine*).

**porton** *n.* portal, gate (*castle*, *town*); sluice, sluice gate, floodgate (*of lock*).

**portor** *n.* porter, bellboy, bellhop; caddie (*golf*); pallbearer.

**portorican** *adj.* & *n.* Puerto Rican, Puertorican.

**Portugal** *n.* Portugal.

**portuges** *adj.* & *n.* Portuguese.

**portulaca** *n.* portulaca, purslane (*plant*: *Portulaca*).

**pos** *prep.* • behind (*in space or sequence*); e.g. *la gato dormi pos la sofa*. • (*moving*) to behind, to the back of; e.g.*la gato core pos la sofa*. • after, later than, since; in (*e.g. one week’s time*); e.g. *desembre veni pos novembre*; *nos esperia la tona pos la lampo*; *me va reveni pos du dias*; *pos come, el ia dormi*. — *Pos* by itself is a preposition. When *after* means *afterwards*, the translation is *a pos*. If *after* introduces a subordinate clause, i.e. if it means *after the time when*, use *pos cuando* instead. ● *pref.* post- (*happening later or located behind*); e.g. *posenebria*; *posalveolal*. **a pos** *prep.* behind, to behind; e.g. *la gato ia core a pos la sofa*. ● *adv.* behind, at the back, at the rear; (*moving*) to the back; backward, backwards; (*time*) afterward, afterwards, later, then, next, subsequently, since. **de pos** *prep.* from behind; since (*time*); e.g.*mea madre abita asi de pos la mori de sua sposo*. ● *adv.* from behind. **e a pos?** and then?, and what happened next? **pos du dias** after two days, two days later. See *cuando*.

**posa** *vt.* pose, posture, position, arrange, lay out, deploy. ● *n.* pose, posture, position, arrangement, layout, deployment. **sin posa** unposed, candid (*photo*).

**posalveolal** *adj.* postalveolar. ● *n.* postalveolar (*consonant*).

**posanal** *adj.* postanal.

**posardador** *n.* afterburner.

**poscopulal** *adj.* post-coital.

**posdati** *vt.* postdate.

**posefeto** *n.* aftereffect.

**posenebria** *n.* hangover.

**posesal** *adj.* possessive (*grammar*).

**posese** *vt.* possess, own. ● *n.* possession, ownership (*state*).

**poseseda** *adj.* possessed, owned. ● *n.* possession (*item*). **posesedas** possessions, belongings, effects, chattels.

**posesente** *adj.* possessive (*person*).

**posesor** *n.* possessor, owner.

**posgeral** *adj.* post-war.

**posgraduada** *adj.* & *n.* postgraduate.

**posible** *adj.* possible, feasible, potential. ● *adv.* possibly, maybe, perhaps. ● *n.* possibility, opportunity (*something possible*). **otra posible** alternate, alternative, other possibility. **un otra idea posible** an alternative idea, an alternate idea, another possible idea.

**posiblia** *n.* possibility (*quality*).

**posimaje** *n.* afterimage.

**posimpresa** *n.* afterimage, afterimpression.

**posirurjial** *adj.* postoperative.

**positiva** *adj.* positive.

**positivia** *n.* positivity.

**positron** *n.* positron (*particle*).

**posmedia** *n.* afternoon.

**posmenopausal** *adj.* postmenopausal.

**posnasal** *adj.* postnasal.

**posnomal** *adj.* & *n.* postnominal (*grammar*).

**poso** *n.* well (*shaft*). **poso de cloaca** cesspit, cesspool.

**pospone** *vt.* postpone, procrastinate, delay, defer; suspend (*judgement*). ● *n.* postponement, procrastination, delay, deferral, deferment, wait, hold-up, continuance, stay (*of execution*).

**posposada** *n.* postposition (*grammar*).

**posta** *vt.* post, mail (*letter*, *parcel*); post (*accounting*, *internet*, *etc.*). ● *n.* post, mail; posting. **posta airal**airmail. **posta caracolin** snail mail. **posta de odia** hate mail.

**postadio** *n.* backstage area.

**postal** *adj.* postal.

**poster** *n.* poster; pin-up. **no afisa posteres** stick no bills, post no bills. **poster teatral** playbill.

**posteri** *vi.* & *vt.* posterize. ● *n.* posterization.

**posteria** *n.* post office.

**posterior** *adj.* posterior, rear, hind, caudal. ● *n.* backside, behind, bottom, rear, derriere, bum, butt, tush; hindquarters; butt, stock (*rifle*).

**posto** *n.* position, function, office, post, job, capacity. **ave sua posto en** be stationed in, be posted in. **posto fasil** sinecure.

**postor** *n.* postman, postwoman, mailman.

**postraumal** *adj.* post-traumatic.

**potasio** *n.* potassium.

**pote** *vt.* can, be able to, have the opportunity to, have the chance to. **lo pote es ce** maybe, perhaps, it could be; e.g. *lo pote es ce nos es perdeda*. **ta pote** could, would be able to, might be able to (*simple conditional*, *or polite*, *or commenting without expectation*); e.g. *nos ta pote aida*.

**potensia** *n.* potential.

**potensial** *adj.* potential.

**potente** *adj.* able, capable.

**potia** *n.* power, might, potency, clout; power (*electric*, *mathematics*). **potia de esecuta** executive power.**potia de judi** judicial power. **potia de legi** legislative power. **potia de spara** firepower. **potia idraulical** waterpower.

**potiosa** *adj.* powerful, mighty, potent. ● *n.* power, (*economic*) leader, mover, powerhouse.

**poto** *n.* potto (*primate*: *Perodicticus potto*).

**povre** *adj.* poor, impoverished, needy, destitute, penurious, indigent; pitiful, pitiable, piteous, pathetic. ● *n.*pauper.

**povreria** *n.* poorhouse, almshouse.

**povri** *vi.* become poor, fall into poverty. ● *vt.* make poor, impoverish.

**povria** *n.* poverty, penury.

**pox** *n.* pocket; pouch (*anatomy*); buffer (*software*). **pox de copia** clipboard, copy buffer (*software*).

**poxe** *vt.* poach, blanch, parboil (*cookery*).

**poxi** *vt.* pocket.

**pradeta** *n.* clearing, glade.

**prado** *n.* meadow, meadowland, prairie.

**pragmatica** *n.* pragmatics (*linguistics*).

**Praha** *n.* Prague.

**pralin** *n.* praline (*food*).

**praseodimio** *n.* praseodymium (*element*).

**pratica** *vt.* practise (US practice), rehearse. ● *n.* practice, praxis; convention; exercise, rehearsal. **pratica de banco** banking practice. **pratica model** exemplary practice.

**pratical** *adj.* practical, pragmatic, feasible, down to earth, sensible, level-headed, matter-of-fact, utilitarian, convenient, expedient.

**praticalia** *n.* practicality, feasibility, sensibility.

**praticalisme** *n.* pragmatism.

**praticaliste** *n.* pragmatist.

**praticor** *n.* practitioner.

**-praxia** *n.suff.* -praxia (*medical*).

**pre-** *pref.* pre- (*happening earlier*); e.g. *previde, preistoria*.

**prea** *vt.* pray, implore, plead, beseech, entreat. ● *n.* prayer, entreaty. **prea de grasias** grace. **prea de sera**vesper.

**preadolesente** *adj.* preadolescent, prepubescent. ● *n.* preadolescent, preteen, tween.

**preafirma** *vt.* preaffirm.

**preajusta** *vi.* & *vt.* preadjust, preadapt, preset, pretune.

**preambul** *n.* preamble.

**preaverti** *vt.* forewarn. ● *n.* forewarning.

**precaldi** *vi.* & *vt.* preheat.

**precambrian** *adj.* & *n.* Precambrian (*geology*).

**precanserosa** *adj.* precancerous.

**precomanda** *vt.* & *n.* preorder.

**preconose** *vt.* know in advance, have foreknowledge of. ● *n.* foreknowledge, precognition.

**preconosente** *adj.* precognisant.

**preconsidera** *vt.* premeditate. ● *n.* premeditation, forethought, forward planning.

**precopula** *vi.* & *n.* foreplay.

**precopulal** *adj.* pre-coital.

**precorsor** *n.* pacemaker, pacesetter (*in race*).

**preda** *n.* prey.

**predati** *vt.* backdate.

**predefini** *vt.* predefine.

**predeluvial** *adj.* antediluvian.

**predestina** *vt.* predestine. ● *n.* predestination.

**predetermina** *vt.* predetermine, preordain. ● *n.* predetermination.

**predeterminisme** *n.* predeterminism, fatalism.

**predeterministe** *adj.* predeterministic, fatalistic. ● *n.* predeterminist, fatalist.

**predica** *vt.* preach, moralize; predicate. ● *n.* sermon; predicate (*grammar*, *logic*).

**predicativa** *adj.* & *n.* predicative.

**predicosa** *adj.* preachy.

**predisable** *adj.* predictable.

**predise** *vt.* predict, forecast, prophesy, foretell, prognosticate. ● *n.* prediction, forecast, prognosis, prophecy.

**predisente** *adj.* predicting, prophetic.

**predor** *n.* predator, raptor.

**preeclampsia** *n.* pre-eclampsia (*medical*).

**preelejal** *adj.* pre-election.

**preeleje** *vt.* preselect.

**preenscrive** *vt.* pre-register.

**preesamina** *vt.* precheck, pre-examine, pretest.

**preesiste** *vi.* pre-exist.

**preesistente** *adj.* pre-existing.

**prefabrica** *vt.* prefabricate. ● *n.* prefabrication, prefab.

**prefabricada** *adj.* prefabricated, prefab.

**prefasa** *vt.* preface. ● *n.* preface, foreword, prologue.

**preferable** *adj.* preferable.

**preferal** *adj.* preferential.

**prefere** *vt.* prefer, favour (US favor). ● *n.* preference, taste, predilection; setting, option (*software*). **prefere de mano** handedness.

**prefereda** *adj.* preferred, favourite (US favorite), of choice. ● *n.* preference, favourite (US favorite).

**prefetia** *n.* prefecture.

**prefeto** *n.* prefect.

**prefisa** *vt.* prefix; e.g. *on prefisa un silaba a un radis*. ● *n.* prefix; area code, dialling (US dialing) code, exchange (*phone*); prefixing, prefixation.

**prefortador** *n.* preamplifier, preamp.

**pregeral** *adj.* pre-war.

**pregraduada** *adj.* & *n.* undergraduate.

**pregrasia** *vt.* thank in advance.

**pregrasias** *interj.* thanks in advance.

**preistoria** [preïstoria] *n.* prehistory.

**preistorial** [preïstorial] *adj.* prehistoric, prehistorical.

**prejual** *adj.* pregame, prematch.

**prejudi** *vt.* prejudge, preconceive. ● *n.* prejudice, bigotry, bias, preconception.

**prejudosa** *adj.* prejudiced, biased, bigoted, tendentious, narrow-minded. **es prejudosa contra** be prejudiced against, discriminate against.

**prelavada** *adj.* prewashed, preshrunk.

**prelitigal** *adj.* pretrial.

**prematur** *adj.* premature. ● *n.* premature baby, preemie.

**premedical** *adj.* premedical, premed.

**prememori** *vt.* cache.

**prememoria** *n.* cache, cache memory (*software*).

**premenstrual** *adj.* premenstrual.

**premia** *vt.* award. ● *n.* awards ceremony.

**premiada** *adj.* award-winning.

**premio** *n.* prize, award, accolade; reward. **premio lodante** commendation, honour (US honor), recognition.**premio xef** jackpot, top prize.

**premior** *n.* prize-winner, award-winner, title holder.

**premisa** *n.* premise (*principle*).

**premisca** *vt.* premix.

**premoral** *adj.* premoral, innocent.

**premostra** *vt.* presage, augur, portend, foreshadow, forebode, bode.

**prende** *vt.* take, get, seize, appropriate, confiscate; capture, take (*chess*); pick up; pick (*flower*). ● *n.* taking, seizure, appropriation, confiscation; electrical outlet; trick (*card games*). **prende controla** take control, take over. **prende de propria** expropriation. **prende la propria de** expropriate. **prende la rol de** take the role of, be cast as. **prende sua tempo** take one’s time.

**prendor** *n.* taker, catcher.

**prenomal** *adj.* & *n.* prenominal (*grammar*).

**prensil** *adj.* prehensile.

**preocupa** *vt.* preoccupy, concern, engross; worry, cause worry. ● *n.* preoccupation, worry; hobbyhorse.

**preocupada** *adj.* preoccupied. **es preocupada** be preoccupied, worry, brood. **preocupada de custa** cost-conscious.

**preordina** *vt.* prearrange, preordain.

**prepaci** *vt.* prepackage.

**prepaia** *vt.* prepay, pay in advance. ● *n.* prepayment.

**prepaiada** *adj.* prepaid; post-paid (*letter*, *parcel*); pay-as-you-go (*phone*).

**prepara** *vt.* prepare, set, prime, ready, groom; make (*dinner*, *tea*, *coffee*, *beer*), brew; cure (*meat*). ● *n.*preparation, preparations, prep, build-up, warm-up, work-up, readiness; potion, brew, concoction, tonic, elixir. **prepara afrodisica** philtre (US philter). **prepara per inverno** winterize.

**preparada** *adj.* prepared, ready, set, poised; cured (*meat*). **preparada per batalia** ready for battle, on the warpath.

**preposada** *n.* preposition (*grammar*).

**prepus** *n.* prepuce (*anatomy*); clitoral hood; foreskin.

**prerejistra** *vt.* pre-record.

**presa** *vt.* press, push, squeeze, hold tight, compress, constrict; pressure, pressurize (*someone to do something*); iron (*clothes*). ● *n.* pressure. **presa de grupo** peer pressure. **presa de manos** handshake, handclasp.**presa manos con** shake hands with. **presa sangual** blood pressure.

**presada** *adj.* compact, compressed.

**presador** *n.* press, squeezer; mangle. **presador de vino** winepress.

**presalio** *n.* garlic press, garlic crusher.

**presapantalon** *n.* trouser press.

**presaveste** *n.* (*clothes*) iron.

**presbiope** *adj.* long-sighted, presbyopic.

**presbiopia** *n.* long-sightedness, presbyopia.

**presbiterian** *adj.* & *n.* Presbyterian.

**presbiterianisme** *n.* Presbyterianism (*Christianity*).

**prescolal** *adj.* preschool.

**prescrive** *vt.* prescribe, dictate. ● *n.* prescription. **sin prescrive** without prescription, over the counter.

**presede** *vt.* precede, predate. ● *n.* precedence; precession (*astronomy*).

**presedente** *adj.* preceding, previous, prior, former, precursory. ● *n.* precedent, precursor, predecessor, forerunner, antecedent (*thing*); prequel. **sin presedente** unprecedented, history-making, historic, record-breaking.

**presedor** *n.* predecessor, precursor, forerunner (*person*).

**presensa** *vt.* foresee, have a premonition. ● *n.* premonition, presentiment.

**presenta** *vt.* present, introduce (*person*); publicize; perform (*feat*, *role*, *script*); award, bestow; submit (*offer*). ●*n.* presentation, introduction; publicity (*announcement*); performance, rendition, recital; stunt. **presenta prima** first performance, debut. **presenta teatral** play (*theatrical*), drama. **presenta temprana**matinee. **presentas de promove** promotional material.

**presentable** *adj.* presentable.

**presente** *adj.* present (*time*, *not absent*); current, incumbent. ● *n.* present (*time*); attendee, person present. **a presente** at present. **es presente a** be present at, attend. **per la presente** for the present, for now, for the moment, for the time being, provisionally.

**presentia** *n.* presence, attendance.

**presentor** *n.* presenter, performer, showman; anchor (*news*); lecturer. **presentor de clima** weather presenter, weather forecaster, weatherman, weatherwoman. **presentor de novas** news presenter, news anchor, newsreader, newscaster, anchorman, anchorwoman.

**preseta** *vt.* squeeze lightly. ● *n.* light squeeze.

**preside** *vt.* preside, chair.

**presidental** *adj.* presidential.

**presidente** *adj.* presiding. ● *n.* president, chairperson, chairman, chairwoman, speaker (*legislative*).**presidente pasada** ex-president.

**presidentia** *n.* presidency.

**presinapsal** *adj.* presynaptic (*biology*).

**presipe** *adj.* steep, precipitous. ● *n.* precipice, crag, cliff, escarpment, chasm, abyss.

**presipita** *vi.* precipitate (*rain*). ● *vt.* precipitate, deposit. ● *n.* precipitation.

**presipitada** *adj.* precipitated. ● *n.* precipitate (*substance*).

**presirurjial** *adj.* presurgical, preoperative.

**presivilia** *n.* precivilization.

**presta** *vt.* lend, loan. ● *n.* loan. **presta per casa** home loan. **presta per studia** student loan.

**prestijia** *n.* prestige, status, cachet.

**prestijiosa** *adj.* prestigious.

**prestor** *n.* lender, moneylender.

**presuposa** *vt.* presuppose. ● *n.* presupposition.

**pretal** *adj.* priestly, sacerdotal.

**pretaliada** *adj.* pre-cut.

**prete** *n.* priest, priestess, clergyman, clergywoman, pastor. **prete fema** priestess, clergywoman. **prete mas**priest, clergyman, pastor. **prete regulada** canon.

**preteme** *vt.* fear in advance, have a foreboding, dread. ● *n.* foreboding, dread.

**preteria** *n.* presbytery (*priest’s house*).

**pretia** *n.* priesthood (*state*).

**pretitulo** *n.* pre-title sequence, pre-credit, cold open (*TV*, *film*).

**prevenable** *adj.* preventable.

**preveni** *vt.* prevent, deter, keep (*from doing*), pre-empt, forfend; e.g. *tu preveni ce me escuta*; *tu preveni me de escuta*. ● *n.* prevention, deterrence, prophylaxis.

**preveninte** *adj.* preventing, preventive, preventative, deterring, pre-emptive, prophylactic. ● *n.* deterrent, preventive.

**preverbal** *adj.* & *n.* preverbal (*grammar*).

**previdable** *adj.* foreseeable.

**previde** *vt.* foresee, expect, anticipate, preview. ● *n.* preview, expectation, anticipation, foresight; advance showing, prevue.

**prevideta** *n.* trailer, trail (*film*, *TV*).

**previdor** *n.* seer, visionary.

**priapisme** *n.* priapism (*medical*).

**priapulido** *n.* priapulid (*worm*: *Priapulida*).

**prima** *adj.* first, primary, original; premier; early; former (*of two*). ● *adv.* firstly, at first, in the first place, primarily. ● *n.* first, original.

**primable** *adj.* printable.

**primador** *n.* printer, printing press. **primador-scanador** *n.* printer-scanner.

**primajenita** *n.* primogeniture (*state or rights of a firstborn*).

**primal** *adj.* prime (*number*).

**primalia** *n.* primality.

**primate** *n.* primate, ape (*Primates*).

**primatolojia** *n.* primatology.

**primatolojiste** *n.* primatologist.

**primavera** *n.* spring, springtime.

**primaveral** *adj.* spring.

**primeria** *n.* printing house, printer’s.

**primeval** *adj.* primeval, primordial, primal.

**primi** *vt.* print. ● *n.* printout (*action*, *result*).

**primia** *n.* priority. **primia de abri** aperture priority (*photography*). **primia de relasador** shutter priority (*photography*).

**primida** *adj.* printed. ● *n.* print, printed object. **no plu primida** out of print.

**primitiva** *adj.* primitive, early, inchoate.

**primitivisme** *n.* primitivism.

**primitiviste** *n.* primitivist.

**primor** *n.* printer (*person*).

**primula** *n.* primrose, primula (*plant*: *Primula*).

**prinse** *n.* prince. **Isola Prinse Edward** Prince Edward Island (*Canadian province*). **prinse erital** crown prince.

**prinsesa** *n.* princess.

**prinsia** *n.* principality, princedom, princely state.

**prinsipe** *n.* principle, doctrine, precept, tenet. **de prinsipe** in principle.

**prinsiposa** *adj.* principled, based on principles.

**prisma** *n.* prism.

**prismal** *adj.* prismatic.

**prison** *n.* prison, jail, jailhouse, gaol, cellblock, clink, lockup, penitentiary. **prison botelin** oubliette. **prison de barcon** brig. **prison suteran** dungeon.

**prisoni** *vt.* imprison, jail, incarcerate. ● *n.* imprisonment, captivity, incarceration, internment.

**prisonida** *adj.* imprisoned, captive. ● *n.* prisoner, convict, inmate, internee, jailbird. **prisonida con libria limitada** parolee. **prisonida de gera** prisoner of war, POW.

**prisoninte** *adj.* imprisoning, custodial.

**priva** *vt.* deprive, bereave, dispossess, divest. ● *n.* deprivation, bereavement.

**privada** *adj.* deprived, bereft, dispossessed.

**privata** *adj.* private, confidential. ● *n.* confidence, secret.

**privatia** *n.* privacy, confidence, confidentiality; seclusion.

**pro-**¹ *pref.* pro- (*in favour of*).

**pro-**² *pref.* pro- (*forward*).

**proa**¹ *n.* bow, prow (*of ship*).

**proa**² *n.* proa, perahu (*sailboat*).

**proba** *vt.* try, try out, try on (*clothes*), trial, test, check; taste. ● *n.* try, trial, test, check, screen; taste (*action*).**proba de cualia** quality test, benchmark test. **proba de Pap** Pap test, Pap smear. See *atenta*.

**probable** *adj.* probable, likely. ● *adv.* probably. ● *n.* probability, chance (*something likely*).

**probablia** *n.* probability, likelihood, chances, odds (*quality*, *statistic*).

**probada** *adj.* tried, tested; tasted. **longa probada** tried and tested, time-tested.

**probiotica** *n.* probiotic.

**problem** *n.* problem; difficulty, issue, setback, drawback, kink, snag. **crea un problem** create a problem, pose a problem. **no plu un problem** no longer a problem, out of the way. **no problem** no problem, you’re welcome, don’t mention it. **problem medical** medical problem, medical condition.

**problemosa** *adj.* problematic, worrisome.

**proboside** *n.* proboscis (*anatomy*).

**procaina** *n.* procaine, novocaine (*anaesthetic*).

**procariota** *n.* prokaryote (*organism*).

**proclama** *vt.* proclaim, declaim, announce, recite, issue. ● *n.* proclamation, announcement, edict, ordinance, pronouncement. **proclama papal** papal bull.

**proclamor** *n.* announcer, crier, barker, bellman.

**procomersial** *adj.* pro-business.

**proconsul** *n.* proconsul.

**proctolojia** *n.* proctology.

**proctolojiste** *n.* proctologist.

**proctoscopi** *n.* proctoscopy.

**proctoscopio** *n.* proctoscope.

**produi** *vt.* produce. ● *n.* production. **produi a stranjer** *v.* outsource. ● *n.* outsourcing. **produi en serie** mass production. **produi interna bruta** gross domestic product, GDP.

**produida** *n.* product, handiwork. **produidas** products, produce.

**produor** *n.* producer. **produor dirijal** executive producer. **produor-dirijor** *n.* producer-director.

**produosa** *adj.* productive, prolific, bountiful, effective, effectual, efficacious.

**produosia** *n.* productiveness, productivity, effectiveness, effectuality, efficacy.

**proelejal** *adj.* pro-choice.

**profesa** *n.* profession.

**profesal** *adj.* professional.

**profesalisme** *n.* professionalism.

**profesor** *n.* professor, academic, academician, don, faculty member, prof. **profesores** professors, faculty (*members*).

**profeta** *n.* prophet.

**profil** *n.* profile.

**profili** *vi.* & *vt.* profile.

**profilor** *n.* profiler.

**profita** *vi.* profit. ● *n.* profit, gain. **crimin no profita** crime does not pay. **profita de** profit from, take advantage of, cash in on. **profita e perde** profit and loss, boom and bust. **profita nonlegal** *v.* profiteer. ●*n.* profiteering. **profita subita** bonanza, windfall.

**profitosa** *adj.* profitable, lucrative.

**profonda** *adj.* deep, profound, in-depth. ● *adv.* deeply, profoundly. ● *n.* deep, depths, chasm.

**profondi** *vi.* & *vt.* deepen.

**profondia** *n.* deepness, depth, profundity; draft, draught (*of ship*).

**profondon** *n.* abyss, chasm.

**progeral** *adj.* pro-war.

**prognose** *n.* prognosis.

**progovernal** *adj.* pro-government.

**program** *n.* programme (US program), schedule; program, application (*software*). **program de calcula**spreadsheet. **program de concurso** quiz show, game show. **program de conversa** chat show, talk show.**program de desinia** graphics program. **program de labora** work schedule, roster, rota. **program de realia** reality show. **program de scrive** word-processing program, word processor. **program ueb** web application. **programes** programs, software. **programes de nube** cloudware. **programes de proba**demo software, demoware, trialware. **programes de rescate** ransomware. **programes libre** free software (*unrestricted*). **programes sin custa** free software (*zero-cost*), freeware. **programes vil**malware.

**programal** *adj.* programmatic.

**programeta** *n.* script, batch file, app (*software*).

**programi** *vt.* program. ● *n.* programming. **programi funsional** functional programming. **programi ojetal**object-oriented programming.

**programor** *n.* programmer.

**progresa** *vi.* & *vt.* progress, advance. ● *n.* progress, advancement, progression, headway, inroad, going.

**progresante** *adj.* progressing, afoot.

**progresisme** *n.* progressivism.

**progresiste** *adj.* & *n.* progressive.

**proibi** [proïbi] *vt.* prohibit, forbid, disallow, interdict, ban, proscribe; e.g. *me proibi ce tu parla*; *me proibi tu de parla*; *me proibi la parla a tu*. ● *n.* prohibition, interdiction, ban. **proibi de sorti** curfew. **proibi de vota**disenfranchise.

**proibida** *adj.* prohibited, forbidden, disallowed, banned. **entra proibida** no entry, no admittance. **fumi proibida** no smoking.

**proibinte** *adj.* prohibiting, prohibitive.

**proibiste** *n.* prohibitionist.

**projenia** *n.* progeny, offspring, brood, descendants, litter.

**projeta** *vt.* project (*light*, *image*, *voice*); plan (*a project*); landscape (*garden*). ● *n.* projection; plan, project, undertaking, venture. **projeta legal** bill (*legislative*).

**projetador** *n.* projector; floodlight, searchlight.

**prolaso** *n.* prolapse (*medical*).

**proletaria** *n.* proletariat.

**proletarial** *adj.* proletarian. ● *n.* proletarian, prole.

**promedia** *adj.* & *n.* average, mean. **per promedia** on average.

**promerope** *n.* sugarbird (*Promerops*).

**promete** *vt.* promise, pledge, devote, commit. ● *n.* promise, pledge, devotion, commitment, obligation; engagement (*to be married*). **promete de paia** acknowledgement of debt, IOU. **prometes** policy, pledges (*in political campaign*).

**prometeda** *adj.* promised; engaged (*to be married*), betrothed. ● *n.* fiancé, fiancée.

**prometente** *adj.* promising (*including showing promise*), promissory.

**prometio** *n.* promethium (*element*).

**prometor** *n.* devotee.

**prometosa** *adj.* promising, full of promise.

**promiscua** *adj.* promiscuous, wanton, libertine. **fem promiscua** libertine, harlot, strumpet, trollop. **om promiscua** playboy, lothario, gigolo.

**promiscuia** *n.* promiscuity, debauchery.

**promontania** *n.* promontory, headland.

**promove** *vt.* promote, support, espouse, advocate, lobby for, promulgate, purvey, proselytize. ● *n.* promotion, advocacy, hype; movement (*community with a cause or direction*).

**promovor** *n.* promoter, lobbyist. **promovor de odia** hatemonger. **promovores** lobby.

**prona** *adj.* prone, face down, palm down.

**pronador** *n.* pronator (*muscle*).

**proni** *vi.* & *vt.* pronate, prostrate. ● *n.* pronation.

**pronom** *n.* pronoun. **pronom de demanda** interrogative pronoun. **pronom-sujunta** *n.* relative pronoun.

**pronomal** *adj.* pronominal.

**pronto** *adj.* with little delay; instant (*coffee*), ready. ● *adv.* soon, shortly, presently, readily, anon, in a jiffy; immediately, instantly, straight away, post-haste. **la plu pronto** as soon as possible, soonest, immediately, instantly, instantaneously. **pronto a pos** soon afterwards. **pronto pos** soon after, shortly after.

**pronunsia** *vt.* pronounce, articulate. ● *n.* pronunciation, articulation, accent. **pronunsia clar** pronounce clearly, enunciate. **pronunsia melodiosa** lilt.

**pronunsiable** *adj.* pronounceable.

**prop-** *pref.* prop- (*chemistry*).

**propaganda** *n.* propaganda.

**propagandi** *vt.* propagandize.

**propagandiste** *n.* propagandist.

**propano** *n.* propane.

**propanol** *n.* propanol (*chemistry*).

**propen** *n.* propene, propylene (*chemistry*).

**propensa** *vt.* predispose. ● *n.* propensity, predisposition, susceptibility.

**propensada** *adj.* predisposed (*to*), liable (*to*), tending (*to*), with a tendency (*to*), prone (*to*), subject (*to*), susceptible (*to*).

**proportial** *adj.* proportional, proportionate, commensurate. ● *adv.* proportionally, in proportion, pro rata.

**proportio** *n.* proportion, ratio, quotient, rate; concentration. **de bon proportio** well-proportioned. **proportio de aspeta** aspect ratio.

**proposa** *vt.* propose (*including marriage*), suggest, nominate, submit, postulate, propound. ● *n.* proposal, proposition, suggestion, motion, nomination; clause (*grammar*); thesis. **proposa autonom** independent clause. **proposa coordinada** coordinate clause. **proposa major** main clause. **proposa suordinada**subordinate clause, subclause, dependent clause.

**proposada** *adj.* proposed, nominated. ● *n.* nominee.

**proposor** *n.* proposer, proponent.

**propre** *adj.* (*prenominal*) own, respective, proper (*to*); e.g. *el rasca sua propre dorso*.

**propri** *vi.* & *vt.* appropriate, adopt, annex, commandeer. ● *n.* appropriation, annexation.

**propria** *n.* property (*possessions*), estate; property, attribute. **propria inteletal** intellectual property.

**proprial** *adj.* proprietary.

**proprior** *n.* owner, proprietor, landlord, landlady. **proprior de casa** homeowner. **proprior esplotante**slumlord.

**propriosepi** *vi.* propriocept. ● *n.* proprioception (*sense of one’s own movement and orientation*).

**propulsa** *vt.* propel, power. ● *n.* propulsion. **propulsa par jeto** jet propulsion.

**propulsada** *adj.* propelled, powered.

**propulsante** *n.* propellant.

**prosa** *n.* prose.

**prosedador** *n.* processor.

**prosede** *vt.* process. ● *n.* process, procedure. **prosede complicada** complicated process, rigmarole. **prosede legal** legal process, trial, lawsuit.

**prosederia** *n.* processing plant.

**prosegue** *vi.* proceed, process (*move in procession*). ● *n.* procession. **prosegue funeral** funeral procession, cortège.

**prosima** *adj.* near, nearby, proximal, close (*including friend*). ● *adv.* nearby, thereabouts, in the vicinity. **de prosima** from close up, point-blank.

**prosimi** *vi.* near, come near, approach. ● *vt.* bring nearer, cause to approach. ● *n.* approach (*including to a problem*). **prosimi furtiva** sneak up, sidle up, approach stealthily.

**prosimia** *n.* proximity, nearness, closeness, contiguity.

**prosiminte** *adj.* impending, imminent, upcoming.

**prosin** *adj.* prosaic.

**prosion** *n.* raccoon (*Procyon lotor*).

**prostaglandina** *n.* prostaglandin (*biology*).

**prostata** *n.* prostate.

**prostesal** *adj.* prosthetic.

**prostese** *n.* prosthesis, prosthetic. **prostese dental** dentures, false teeth.

**prostitui** *vt.* prostitute. ● *n.* prostitution.

**prostituida** *n.* prostitute. **fem prostituida** hooker, whore, harlot, streetwalker, strumpet, trollop.**prostituida pasada** reformed prostitute, magdalen.

**protactinio** *n.* protactinium (*element*).

**protea** *n.* protea (*plant*: *Protea*).

**proteje** *vt.* protect, defend, shield, shelter. ● *n.* protection, precaution, aegis.

**protejeda** *adj.* protected, sheltered. ● *n.* protectorate.

**protejente** *adj.* protecting, protective.

**protejisme** *n.* protectionism.

**protejiste** *n.* protectionist.

**protejor** *n.* protector.

**protejoria** *n.* protectorate.

**protele** *n.* aardwolf (*animal*: *Proteles cristatus*).

**protena** *n.* protein.

**protende** *vi.* & *vt.* protrude, project, extend, jut, stand out, stick out, bulge. ● *n.* protrusion, protuberance, prominence, projection, appendage, bulge, nub; tenon (*of dovetail joint*); process (*anatomy*).

**protendente** *adj.* protruding, prominent.

**protesta** *vt.* protest, object, demonstrate, picket; rail, fulminate. ● *n.* protest, protestation, objection, demonstration, demo (*political*). **protesta par juna** hunger strike. **protesta par senta** sit-in.

**protestante** *adj.* protesting; protestant. ● *n.* protestant.

**protestantisme** *n.* protestantism.

**protestor** *n.* protester, picketer.

**protista** *n.* protist (*organism*: *Protista*).

**proto-** *pref.* proto- (*first*).

**protocol** *n.* protocol (*rules*).

**proton** *n.* proton.

**protoplasma** *n.* protoplasm (*biology*).

**protostomio** *n.* protostome (*organism*: *Protostomia*).

**prototipal** *adj.* prototypical, prototypal.

**prototipo** *n.* prototype.

**protozon** *n.* protozoon (pl. protozoa), protozoan (*organism*: *Protozoa*).

**protozonal** *adj.* protozoic.

**Provensa** *n.* Provence (*French region*).

**provensal** *adj.* & *n.* Provençal (*person*, *language*).

**proverbal** *adj.* proverbial.

**proverbo** *n.* proverb, adage.

**provinsal** *adj.* provincial; unsophisticated.

**provinsalisme** *n.* provincialism.

**provinse** *n.* province, prefecture, state.

**provival** *adj.* pro-life.

**provoca** *vt.* provoke, instigate, foment, incite, stir up, prompt, engender. ● *n.* provocation, instigation.

**provocante** *adj.* provoking, provocative.

**provocor** *n.* provocateur, instigator, agitator, enabler, mover. **provocor de gera** warmonger.

**provolone** *n.* provolone (*cheese*).

**proxi** *n.* proxy server (*computer*).

**pruna** *adj.* plum (*colour*). ● *n.* plum (*fruit*). **pruna seca** prune, dried plum.

**pruno** *n.* plum (*tree*: *Prunus*).

**pruri** *vi.* & *n.* itch.

**prurinte** *adj.* itchy.

**Prusen** *n.* Prussia. **prusen** *adj.* & *n.* Prussian.

**ps** *abbr.* (*pos scrive*) PS, postscript.

**psefolojia** *n.* psephology.

**psefolojial** *adj.* psephological.

**psefolojiste** *n.* psephologist.

**pseudo-** *pref.* pseudo-.

**pseudopodo** *n.* pseudopod, pseudopodium (pl. pseudopodia) (*anatomy*).

**psi** *n.* psi (*Greek letter*).

**psical** *adj.* psychic (*of the psyche*).

**psice** *n.* psyche, mind.

**psiciatria** *n.* psychiatry.

**psiciatrica** *adj.* psychiatric, psychiatrical.

**psiciatriste** *n.* psychiatrist.

**psicica** *adj.* psychic (*paranormal*).

**psico-** *pref.* psycho-.

**psicoanaletica** *adj.* & *n.* psychoanaleptic.

**psicoanalisal** *adj.* psychoanalytic, psychoanalytical.

**psicoanalise** *vt.* psychoanalyse (US psychoanalyze). ● *n.* psychoanalysis.

**psicoanaliste** *n.* psychoanalyst.

**psicoativa** *adj.* psychoactive.

**psicobiolojia** *n.* psychobiology.

**psicojen** *adj.* psychogenic (*of psychological origin*).

**psicoletica** *adj.* psycholeptic (*medical*).

**psicolojia** *n.* psychology.

**psicolojial** *adj.* psychological.

**psicolojisme** *n.* psychologism (*philosophy*).

**psicolojiste** *n.* psychologist.

**psicomotor** *adj.* psychomotor.

**psicopatia** *n.* psychopathy.

**psicopatica** *adj.* psychopathic. ● *n.* psychopath.

**psicopatolojia** *n.* psychopathology.

**psicose** *n.* psychosis.

**psicosesal** *adj.* psychosexual.

**psicosica** *adj.* psychotic.

**psicosomatica** *adj.* psychosomatic.

**psicososial** *adj.* psychosocial.

**psicoterapia** *n.* psychotherapy.

**psicoterapiste** *n.* psychotherapist.

**psicotropial** *adj.* psychotropic.

**psilosibina** *n.* psilocybin (*drug*).

**psoriase** *n.* psoriasis (*medical*).

**ptero-** *pref.* ptero- (*wing*).

**pterodatilo** *n.* pterodactyl (*Pterodactylus*).

**pterosauro** *n.* pterosaur (*Pterosuria*).

**ptolemean** *adj.* Ptolemean, Ptolemaic.

**Ptolemeo** *n.* Ptolemy (*astronomer*, *dynasty*).

**pubica** *adj.* pubic. ● *n.* pubis. **oso pubica** pubic bone. **pelo pubica** pubic hair.

**publica** *adj.* public.

**publici** *vi.* & *vt.* publish, release, issue; air; post (*on web*). ● *n.* publication, release, edition, issue; posting.

**publiciste** *n.* publicist.

**publicor** *n.* publisher.

**pueblo** *adj.* pueblo. ● *n.* pueblo (*Native American community*).

**puia** *vt.* push (*trolley*, *button*).

**puieta** *vt.* & *n.* poke, nudge, jog, prod, prompt.

**pulea** *n.* pulley.

**pulga** *n.* flea (*Siphonaptera*); tiddlywink.

**pulmon** *n.* lung.

**pulmonal** *adj.* pulmonary.

**pulpa** *n.* pulp (*including dental*), mush, pap, slop; flesh (*fruit*).

**pulpi** *vi.* & *vt.* pulp.

**pulposa** *adj.* pulpy, fleshy (*fruit*).

**pulsa** *vi.* pulse, pulsate; beat (*music*). ● *n.* pulse, pulsation; beat (*music*). **pulsa asentuada** downbeat. **pulsa inversada** backbeat.

**pulsante** *adj.* pulsing, pulsating, vibrant.

**pulsar** *n.* pulsar (*astronomy*).

**pum** *n.* bang, crash, thud, pop (*sound*); slam dunk (*basketball*). ● *interj.* bang, crash, thud, pop, thump, wham, kaboom.

**puma** *n.* puma, cougar, mountain lion, panther, catamount (*Felis concolor*).

**pumi** *vi.* & *vt.* bang, slam, clap, pop, thud; slam-dunk.

**punable** *adj.* punishable.

**punc** *adj.* & *n.* punk (*music*).

**puni** *vt.* punish, penalize. ● *n.* punishment, penalty, sanction; penalty (*football*). **puni avertinte** exemplary punishment. **puni de mori** death penalty, capital punishment. **puni eterna** damnation, perdition.

**punica** *adj.* Punic, Carthaginian.

**puninte** *adj.* punishing, punitive.

**punio** *n.* fist. **colpa con punio** *v.* & *n.* punch. **punio ferin** iron fist.

**punta** *vi.* point, be aimed. ● *vt.* point, aim, bring to bear. ● *n.* aim.

**punteta** *n.* freckle.

**punti** *vi.* & *vt.* sharpen, make pointed.

**puntida** *adj.* pointed, pointy, sharp.

**puntilapis** *n.* pencil sharpener.

**puntisme** *n.* pointillism (*art*).

**puntiste** *n.* pointillist.

**punto** *n.* point, tip, dot, spot; vertex; item, entry; point (*scoring*); full stop, period; stitch (*sewing*). **a punto de**on the point of, about to, just, just about to. **fa un punto** stitch. **punto cablin** cable stitch. **punto calda**hotspot. **punto crusada** cross-stitch. **punto de cambia** turning point, watershed. **punto de comensa**starting point. **punto de controla** checkpoint. **punto de dito** fingertip. **punto de fini** endpoint. **punto de refere** point of reference, landmark. **punto de vista** viewpoint, point of view, outlook, perspective.**punto G** G-spot (*anatomy*). **punto longa** tack (*stitch*). **punto negra** blackhead, comedo (*acne*). **punto pedante** quibble. **punto-virgula** *n.* semicolon. **puntos** points, score.

**punton** *n.* bullet, bullet point (*typography*).

**puntosa** *adj.* dotted, spotty, spotted, speckled, spangled, studded, patterned with dots.

**puntua** *vt.* punctuate. ● *n.* punctuation.

**puntual** *adj.* punctual, prompt, on time, in time.

**puntualia** *n.* punctuality, promptness.

**pupa** *n.* doll, effigy; pupa (*insect*). **pupa de trapo** rag doll.

**pupeta** *n.* puppet.

**pupetia** *n.* puppetry.

**pupetin** *adj.* puppetlike, dummy.

**pupetor** *n.* puppeteer.

**pupi** *vi.* pupate. ● *n.* pupation.

**pupil** *n.* pupil (*eye*).

**pur** *adj.* pure, mere; chaste, unadulterated, uncontaminated. ● *adv.* purely, merely.

**purador** *n.* purifier.

**purda** *n.* purdah (*female seclusion*).

**pure** *vt.* & *n.* puree (*cookery*). **pure de fruta** smoothie. **pure de poma** apple sauce, apple puree.

**purga** *vt.* & *n.* purge. **purga de emosias** catharsis.

**purgante** *adj.* purging, cathartic.

**purgatorio** *n.* purgatory.

**puri** *vi.* & *vt.* purify. ● *n.* purification.

**puria** *n.* cleanliness, purity.

**puriacua** *n.* water purifier.

**puriaira** *n.* air purifier.

**purisme** *n.* purism.

**puriste** *adj.* puristic. ● *n.* purist.

**puritan** *adj.* & *n.* Puritan.

**puritanisme** *n.* Puritanism (*Christianity*).

**purpur** *adj.* purple, livid (*colour*).

**purpura** *n.* purpura (*medical*).

**purpuri** *vi.* & *vt.* turn purple, turn livid.

**purpuria** *n.* lividity.

**purpurin** *adj.* purplish.

**pus** *n.* pus (*substance*).

**pusosa** *adj.* purulent.

**pustula** *n.* pustule, pimple.

**puta** *n.* (*insult*) whore, slut, bitch, bastard, harlot, strumpet, trollop.

**putin** *adj.* whorish.

**puto** *n.* (*insult*) sod, bastard, manwhore.

**putong** *adj.* & *n.* Putonghua, Mandarin Chinese (*language*).

**putrable** *adj.* perishable.

**putri** *vi.* rot, decay, addle, fester, putrefy. ● *n.* rot, decay, putrefaction.

**putrida** *adj.* putrid, rotten, decayed, rancid. ● *n.* rotten matter.

**puxa** *vt.* shove, ram, thrust, sweep, jostle, manhandle. ● *n.* shove, thrust.

**puxador** *n.* thruster.

**puzel** *n.* jigsaw puzzle.

Q

**q** [qua] *letter* q.

**Qahira** *n.* Cairo.

**qin** [txin] *adj.* Qin, Ch’in (*dynasty*).

**qing** [txing] *adj.* Qing, Ch’ing (*dynasty*).

**Quebec** [cebec] *n.* Quebec (*Canadian province*).

**quebecan** *adj.* & *n.* Quebecois.

R

**r** [er] *letter* r.

**rabano** *n.* radish (*plant*, *root*: *Raphanus sativus*). **rabano blanca** daikon, mooli. **rabano forte** horseradish (*Armoracia rusticana*).

**rabi** *n.* rabbi.

**rabia** *n.* rabies.

**rabica** *adj.* rabid.

**raceta**¹ *n.* racket, racquet, bat, stick. **raceta de neva** snowshoe.

**raceta**² *n.* rackett (*musical instrument*).

**racetabal** *n.* racquetball (*sport*).

**racite** *n.* rickets, rachitis (*medical*).

**raconta** *vt.* tell, relate. ● *n.* anecdote, memoir.

**racontal** *adj.* anecdotal.

**racontor** *n.* raconteur.

**radar** *n.* radar.

**radareria** *n.* radar post, radar station.

**radia** *vi.* radiate, broadcast, beam. ● *vt.* radiate, broadcast. ● *n.* radiation, broadcasting; radiance.

**radiador** *n.* radiator.

**radial** *adj.* radial.

**radian** *n.* radian (*unit of angle*).

**radiante** *adj.* radiating, radiant, beaming, aglow.

**radiato** *n.* radiate (*jellyfish*: *Radiata*).

**radical** *n.* radical (*chemistry*). **radical libre** free radical (*chemistry*).

**radio**¹ *n.* radio, wireless. ● *pref.* radio-.

**radio**² *n.* radius (*bone*).

**radio**³ *n.* radium (*chemistry*).

**radioativa** *adj.* radioactive.

**radioativia** *n.* radioactivity, fallout.

**radiocomunica** *vt.* radio. ● *n.* radiocommunication.

**radiograf** *n.* X-ray machine.

**radiografi** *vt.* X-ray.

**radiografia** *n.* radiography.

**radiogram** *n.* X-ray image.

**radiolojia** *n.* radiology.

**radiolojial** *adj.* radiological.

**radiolojiste** *n.* radiologist.

**radiotelefon** *n.* radiotelephone, radiophone, walkie-talkie.

**radioterapia** *n.* radiotherapy.

**radis** *n.* root. **a radis** at root, basically, fundamentally. **radis cuadral** square root. **radis cuatro** fourth root.**radis cubo** cube root. **radis du** square root. **radis major** taproot. **radis vejetal** root vegetable.

**radisal** *adj.* radical, fundamental, drastic.

**radisi** *vi.* take root. ● *vt.* cause to take root, entrench, intrench, instil (US instill), inculcate.

**radon** *n.* radon (*element*).

**rafia** *n.* raffia (*plant*).

**raga** *adj.* & *n.* raga (*music*).

**raglan** *n.* raglan (*sleeve*).

**ragnaroc** *n.* ragnarok, Götterdämmerung, twilight of the gods.

**ragtaim** *adj.* & *n.* ragtime (*music*).

**ragu** [ragú] *n.* stew, ragout.

**raia** *n.* ray, skate (*fish*: *Batoidea*). **raia de spina** stingray (*Dasyatis pastinaca*).

**raial** *adj.* radial.

**raio** *n.* ray, beam (*light*); radius (*circle*); spoke (*wheel*); bolt (*lightning*). **raio de luna** moonbeam. **raio de sol**sunbeam. **raio gama** gamma ray. **raio X** X-ray. **raios diplomata** pinstripes.

**raion** *n.* rayon (*fibre*).

**raiosa** *adj.* striped, striate, striated (*including muscle*); rifled (*barrel of gun*).

**raja** *n.* raja, rajah (*title*).

**-raje** *n.suff.* -rhage (*medical*).

**-rajica** *adj.suff.* -rhagic.

**ral** *n.* rail, crake (*bird*: *Rallidae*).

**ram** *n.* RAM (*random-access memory*).

**ramadan** *n.* Ramadan (*Islam*).

**rameta** *n.* shoot.

**rami**¹ *n.* rummy (*card game*).

**rami**² *vi.* & *vt.* branch. ● *n.* branching; ramification.

**ramin** *adj.* branchlike.

**raminte** *adj.* branching.

**ramo** *n.* branch; denomination; chapter (*society*, *religious community*); faction.

**ramon** *n.* bough.

**rampa** *n.* ramp, chute.

**rampe** *vi.* crawl, creep; sneak.

**rampor** *n.* crawler, creeper (*person*, *plant*).

**rana** *n.* frog (*Anura*). **rana grande** bullfrog.

**rand** *n.* rand (*currency*).

**raneta** *n.* tadpole, polliwog.

**rani** *n.* rani, ranee (*title*).

**ranin** *adj.* froglike, froggy. ● *n.* breaststroke.

**ranunculo** *n.* buttercup (*Ranunculus*).

**ranur** *n.* slot, groove, aperture, slit, furrow, striation. **en ranur orizonal** letterboxed (*video*). **en ranur vertical** pillarboxed (*video*). **ranur de arado** furrow.

**ranuri** *vt.* slit.

**ranxo** *n.* ranch.

**ranxor** *n.* rancher.

**rap** *adj.* & *n.* rap (*music*).

**Rapanui** *n.* Rapa Nui, Easter Island. **rapanui** *adj.* & *n.* rapanui. See *Isola Pascua*.

**rapela** *vi.* rappel, abseil.

**rapi** *vt.* rap (*music*).

**rapida** *adj.* rapid, fast, quick, swift, punctual, prompt, fleet.

**rapidi** *vi.* & *vt.* speed up, accelerate, quicken; expedite, hasten. ● *n.* acceleration.

**rapidia** *n.* speed, velocity, rate, pace, tempo.

**rapidometre** *n.* speedometer, speedo.

**rapor** *n.* rapper (*music*).

**rapsodia** *n.* rhapsody.

**rara** *adj.* rare, uncommon, scarce, infrequent. ● *adv.* rarely, seldom. ● *n.* rarity.

**rari** *vi.* & *vt.* rarefy, diffuse, dilute.

**raria** *n.* rareness, rarity.

**rarida** *adj.* rarefied, tenuous, diffuse, diluted, dilute, sparse, wispy.

**rasa** *vt.* & *n.* shave.

**rasador** *n.* razor, shaver.

**rasca** *vt.* scratch, scrabble. ● *n.* scratch. **rasca glasial** glacial striation.

**rascasielo** *n.* skyscraper.

**rasiona** *vt.* ration, allocate. ● *n.* ration, allocation.

**raspa** *vt.* scrape, abrade, scuff, graze; chafe; grate, grind; rasp (*sound*). ● *n.* abrasion.

**raspador** *n.* scraper, rasp, grater.

**raspante** *adj.* scraping, abrasive; raspy.

**rastafari** *adj.* & *n.* Rastafari, Rastafarian.

**rasti** *vt.* rake, harrow.

**rasto** *n.* rake (*tool*).

**raston** *n.* harrow.

**rata** *n.* rat (*Rattus*).

**ratan** *n.* rattan (*fibre*, *plant*: *Calameae*).

**ratatui** *n.* ratatouille (*food*).

**rateria** *n.* rathole, rat trap.

**ratin** *adj.* ratlike, ratty.

**ravioli** *n.* ravioli (*food*).

**raza** *n.* race, ethnic group, breed. **de raza miscada** of mixed race, mongrel, mestiza, mestizo.

**razal** *adj.* racial.

**razisme** *n.* racism.

**raziste** *n.* racist.

**razona** *vt.* reason, ratiocinate, argue. ● *n.* reasoning, rational thought, argument, case, reason, motive, purpose.**razona bon** reason well, be right, be correct. **razona coreta** reason correctly, be right, be correct. **razona deduinte** deductive reasoning, syllogism. **razona induinte** inductive reasoning. **sin razona** for no reason, gratuitous; pointless, groundless.

**razonada** *adj.* rational (*argument*), reasoned.

**razonal** *adj.* rational (*number*).

**razonalisme** *n.* rationalism.

**razonaliste** *adj.* rationalist, rationalistic.

**razonante** *adj.* rational (*person*), reasoning, reasonable, sapient.

**re**¹ *n.* king.

**re**² *n.* re (*musical note*).

**re-**³ *pref.* re- (*added to verbs: repetition or backward direction*); e.g. *recomensa, reinventa*; *reveni, redona*.

**rea**¹ *n.* rhea (*bird*: *Rhea*).

**-rea**² *n.suff.* -rhea (*outflow*).

**rea**³ *n.* queen.

**reabri** *vi.* & *vt.* reopen.

**reafirma** *vt.* reaffirm.

**reafisa** *vt.* reattach.

**reajendi** *vt.* reschedule.

**reajusta** *vi.* & *vt.* readapt, readjust.

**real**¹ *adj.* real, actual, tangible, proper.

**real**² *adj.* royal, regal. ● *n.* royal; real (*currency*).

**realable** *adj.* feasible, workable, doable, achievable, viable.

**reali** *vi.* become real, actualize. ● *vt.* realize, make real, actualize, achieve, accomplish, do, effect, enact, implement, bring about; honour (US honor), fulfil (US fulfill), observe (*promise*), answer (*prayer*). ● *n.*realization, achievement, actualization, accomplishment, enactment, implementation, fruition. **reali model**reference implementation.

**realia** *n.* reality. **en realia** in reality, in fact.

**realida** *adj.* realized, actualized, accomplished.

**realinia** *vi.* & *vt.* realign.

**realisme** *n.* realism.

**realiste** *n.* realist.

**realosa** *adj.* realistic.

**realpolitica** *n.* realpolitik.

**reanalise** *vt.* reanalyse (US reanalyze).

**reanima** *vt.* reanimate, resuscitate. **reanima cardiopulmonal** cardiopulmonary resuscitation, CPR.

**reanimador** *n.* resuscitator.

**reanimante** *adj.* reanimating, resurgent.

**reapare** *vi.* reappear, resurface. ● *vt.* cause to reappear. ● *n.* reappearance; comeback.

**reaplica** *vt.* reapply.

**reapone** *vt.* put (*garment*) back on.

**reaprende** *vt.* relearn.

**rearma** *vt.* rearm. ● *n.* rearming, rearmament.

**rearmoni** *vi.* & *vt.* reharmonize. ● *n.* reharmonization, rapprochement.

**reasede** *vt.* reaccess.

**reasembla** *vi.* & *vt.* reassemble, reconvene, regather.

**reasinia** *vt.* reassign, reallocate, reappoint, recast, redeploy.

**reasorbe** *vt.* reabsorb. ● *n.* reabsorption.

**reata** *vi.* react. ● *n.* reaction; reactance; fuss, brouhaha, ado. **reata en cadena** chain reaction, domino effect.**reata tro forte** overreact.

**reatador** *n.* reactor (*nuclear*).

**reatante** *adj.* reactionary. ● *n.* reagent.

**reateni** *vt.* reattain, get back to.

**reatenta** *vt.* retry.

**reativi** *vi.* & *vt.* reactivate. ● *n.* reactivation.

**reativia** *n.* reactivity.

**reator** *n.* reactor, reactionary (*person*).

**reatosa** *adj.* reactive, sensitive.

**reaveni** *vi.* reoccur, recur, happen again. ● *vt.* cause to happen again, restage. ● *n.* recurrence.

**rebatiza** *vt.* rebaptize.

**rebela** *vi.* rebel, mutiny, resist authority. ● *n.* rebellion, mutiny, resistance, insurrection, insurgency, sedition.

**rebelante** *adj.* rebelling, rebellious, mutinous, seditious.

**rebelor** *n.* rebel, mutineer.

**rebita** *n.* rivet.

**rebiti** *vt.* rivet.

**rebitor** *n.* riveter.

**rebobini** *vt.* rewind, wind back.

**rebondi** *vi.* rebound, bounce back, ricochet.

**recalcula** *vt.* recalculate.

**recaldi** *vi.* & *vt.* reheat, heat up.

**recambia** *vt.* replace (*an old item with a new one*), supplant. ● *n.* replacement (*item*). **recambia la planta de**resole (*shoe*).

**recambiable** *adj.* replaceable.

**recapasi** *vi.* & *vt.* re-enable, rehabilitate. ● *n.* rehabilitation.

**recarga** *vt.* reload; recharge.

**recargable** *adj.* rechargeable.

**recasi** *vt.* rehouse.

**recatura** *vt.* recapture.

**reclama** *vt.* claim, reclaim (*property*, *title*); assert. ● *n.* claim, reclaim; assertion, contention.

**reclamor** *n.* claimant, pretender.

**reclasi** *vt.* reclassify.

**reclina** *vi.* lie, recline. ● *vt.* lay, lay down. **reclina se** lie down, lie back.

**recoce** *vi.* & *vt.* recook; anneal.

**recoliador** *n.* harvester (*machine*).

**recolie** *vt.* pick up, reap, harvest. ● *n.* harvest, crop, bounty, haul, roundup. **recolie de reservas** fundraising, fundraiser (*activity*). **recolie profitosa** cash crop. **recolie reservas** raise funds.

**recolior** *n.* harvester (*person*). **recolior de reservas** fundraiser (*person*).

**recombina** *vi.* & *vt.* recombine, reamalgamate.

**recombinante** *adj.* recombinant.

**recomenda** *vt.* recommend. ● *n.* recommendation. **recomenda forte** *v.* strongly recommend, urge, adjure. ●*n.* strong recommendation.

**recomensa** *vi.* & *vt.* resume, recommence.

**recompensa** *vt.* recompense, reward. ● *n.* recompense, reward, payback, payoff, yield.

**recomuta** *vt.* reconnect, switch back on.

**reconosable** *adj.* recognizable.

**reconose** *vt.* recognize, acknowledge, accredit. ● *n.* recognition, acknowledgement, accreditation. **reconose la valua de** recognize the value of, appreciate.

**reconsidera** *vt.* reconsider.

**reconsilia** *vi.* reconcile, make up. ● *vt.* reconcile. ● *n.* reconciliation.

**reconsilior** *n.* mediator, peacemaker.

**reconstitui** *vt.* reconstitute. ● *n.* reconstitution.

**reconstrui** *vt.* reconstruct, rebuild, remake, rework, reassemble, refurbish, piece together. ● *n.* reconstruction, recon, rebuilding.

**reconstruida** *adj.* reconstructed, rebuilt.

**reconta** *vt.* & *n.* recount.

**reconverti** *vt.* reconvert, convert back.

**recorda** *vt.* remember, recall, recollect. ● *n.* recollection, recall, memory (*particular*). **fa ce on recorda** remind one of, call to mind; prompt (*an actor*); e.g. *el ia fa ce me recorda tua aniversario*. **recorda falsa** *v.*confabulate. ● *n.* confabulation, false memory. **recorda felis** reminisce. See *memori*.

**recordante** *adj.* reminding, redolent. ● *n.* reminder, souvenir, keepsake, memento. **recordantes** reminders, memorabilia.

**recordo** *adj.* record, record-breaking. ● *n.* record. **en tempo recordo** in record time.

**recore** *vi.* recur, reoccur, relapse. ● *n.* recurrence, relapse, recidivism.

**recorente** *adj.* recurrent, relapsing.

**recoror** *n.* recidivist.

**recorsa** *vi.* recurse. ● *n.* recursion.

**recorsante** *adj.* recursive.

**recovre** *vi.* recover, recuperate, get better, convalesce. ● *n.* recovery, recuperation.

**recrea** *vt.* recreate (*create anew*). ● *n.* recreation (*repeated creation*, *leisure activity*); playtime; remake (*film*).

**recreal** *adj.* recreational.

**recrese** *vi.* & *vt.* regrow, regenerate.

**recurso** *n.* resource, facility, recourse.

**recursosa** *adj.* resourceful.

**rede** *n.* net; network, nexus; mesh, screen, netting. **Rede** *n.* Reticulum (*constellation*). **rede de arania** spider’s web, cobweb. **rede de capeles** hairnet, snood. **rede de compania** company network, corporate network.**rede de draga** dragnet. **rede global** global network; internet. **rede restrinjente** trammel net.

**redeclara** *vt.* reassert.

**redecora** *vt.* redecorate.

**rededica** *vt.* rededicate.

**redefini** *vt.* redefine.

**redescovre** *vt.* rediscover, become reacquainted with.

**redesinia** *vt.* redesign.

**redi** *vt.* network.

**redifusa** *vt.* rebroadcast.

**redin** *n.* rein (*strap*).

**redini** *vt.* rein.

**redirije** *vt.* redirect, reroute, deflect. ● *n.* redirection, deflection.

**rediscute** *vt.* rediscuss, rehash.

**redise** *vt.* say again, reiterate; rephrase.

**redistribui** *vt.* redistribute.

**redistriti** *vt.* redistrict.

**redona** *vt.* give back, return. ● *n.* return. **redona tro poca** shortchange.

**redor** *n.* networker, network user.

**reduable** *adj.* reducible.

**redui** *vi.* reduce, decrease, decrement, lessen. ● *vt.* reduce, decrease, scale down, scale back, lessen, curtail; turn down (*volume*). ● *n.* reduction, decrease, lessening, cutback. **redui de empleadas** downsizing. **redui de engrana** downshift. **redui de imposta** tax cut, tax reduction. **redui empleadas** downsize. **redui la custa** cheapen. **redui la spende** reduce spending, cut back, retrench.

**reduinte** *adj.* reducing, reductive.

**reduisme** *n.* reductionism.

**reduvido** *n.* assassin bug (*Reduviidae*).

**reeduca** *vt.* re-educate.

**reeleje** *vt.* re-elect.

**reemerji** *vt.* re-emerge.

**reenerji** *vt.* re-energize, rally.

**reenforsa** *vt.* re-enforce.

**reenscrive** *vt.* resubscribe, re-enlist.

**reensende** *vt.* reignite.

**reentra** *vi.* re-enter, go back in. ● *vt.* readmit. ● *n.* re-entry; readmittance.

**reenvia** *vt.* send back, return, recommit, resubmit.

**reenviable** *adj.* returnable.

**reenvolve** *vt.* rewrap; re-engage.

**reesamina** *vt.* re-examine, reinspect, retest. ● *n.* re-examination, reinspection.

**reescuta** *vt.* relisten, listen again to; listen back to (*a recording*).

**reesperia** *vt.* re-experience.

**reespresa** *vt.* re-express, restate.

**reevalua** *vt.* re-evaluate, reappraise, reassess.

**refa** *vt.* redo, recommit, do over, do again. ● *n.* redoing, do-over, retake.

**refabrica** *vt.* remake.

**refatori** *vt.* refactor (*software*).

**refere** *vi.* refer, allude; e.g. *la autor refere a sua jovenia*. ● *n.* reference, cross-reference, referral, allusion, mention; pointer (*software*). **refere a** refer to, reference, cross-reference, mention.

**referendo** *n.* referendum, plebiscite. **referendo per retira** recall election, recall referendum.

**referente** *adj.* referring. ● *n.* reference. **referente a** referring to, apropos of.

**refili** *vt.* rewire.

**refina** *vt.* refine, perfect. ● *n.* refinement; grace, poise.

**refinada** *adj.* refined; graceful, poised, elegant, gracious, sleek.

**refinansia** *vt.* refinance.

**refineria** *n.* refinery.

**refleta** *vt.* reflect. ● *n.* reflection.

**refletante** *adj.* reflecting, reflective, introspective; reflexive (*grammar*).

**reflexe** *adj.* reflexive, automatic. ● *n.* reflex.

**reflue** *n.* reflux (*chemistry*).

**reforesti** *vt.* reforest.

**reformati** *vt.* reformat.

**reformeria** *n.* reformatory.

**reformi** *vt.* reform. ● *n.* reform, reformation.

**reformida** *adj.* reformed.

**reformisme** *n.* reformism.

**reformiste** *adj.* & *n.* reformist.

**reformula** *vt.* reformulate.

**reforti** *vt.* reinforce. ● *n.* reinforcement (*action*).

**refortinte** *adj.* reinforcing, strengthening. ● *n.* reinforcement (*person*, *thing*); strengthener, gusset; booster (*vaccination*).

**refrata** *vt.* refract. ● *n.* refraction.

**refratal** *adj.* refractive.

**refren** *n.* refrain, chorus.

**refreneta** *n.* jingle.

**refresci** *vi.* & *vt.* refresh, invigorate, reinvigorate, enliven, vivify; update. ● *n.* refresh, refresher; update.

**refrita** *vt.* refry.

**refuja** *vt.* shelter, give refuge to, give asylum to, harbour (US harbor). ● *n.* shelter, refuge, asylum, sanctuary.**refuja se** take refuge.

**refujada** *n.* refugee.

**refujeria** *n.* shelter, refuge, asylum, sanctuary. **refujeria contra esplodes** bomb shelter.

**refurni** *vt.* resupply.

**refusa** *vt.* refuse, reject, dismiss, deny, decline. ● *n.* refusal, rejection, denial.

**refuta** *vt.* refute, rebut. ● *n.* refutation, rebuttal.

**refutable** *adj.* refutable.

**regala** *vt.* treat, spoil, pamper, indulge, dote, coddle, mollycoddle, cosset, pander. ● *n.* treat, bonus, lagniappe; encore.

**regalante** *adj.* treating, spoiling, permissive.

**regania** *vt.* regain, recoup, recover (*money*).

**reganiable** *adj.* recoverable.

**regarda** *vt.* look at, behold, regard; watch, view (*film*, *sport*); overlook (*a view*); take into account; deem, consider to be. ● *n.* look, glance, regard. **regarda a su** look down. **regarda a supra** look up. **regarda a via**look away, avert one’s gaze, avert one’s eyes. **regarda intensa** *v.* stare at, gawk at. ● *n.* stare. **regarda la oios de** look in the eye, make eye contact with. **regarda miope** peer at. **regarda un cosa como** see something as, regard something as, consider something to be; e.g. *on regarda el como un autor importante*;*me regarda tu como mea ami la plu prosima*. **turna sua regarda a via** look away, avert one’s gaze, avert one’s eyes.

**regardante** *prep.* regarding, as regards, as for, apropos of.

**regardeta** *vt.* glance at. ● *n.* glance.

**regardor** *n.* viewer (*person*). **regardores** audience.

**rege** *adj.* & *n.* reggae (*music*).

**regex** *n.* regular expression, regex (*software*).

**regla** *n.* ruler, yardstick. **regla de calcula** slide rule. **regla T** T-square.

**regresa** *vi.* regress, backslide. ● *vt.* regress, cause to regress. ● *n.* regression.

**regresante** *adj.* regressive.

**regretable** *adj.* regrettable, unfortunate. ● *n.* regrettably, unfortunately.

**regrete** *vt.* regret, be sorry for, rue. ● *n.* regret, remorse. **sin regrete** unregretful, impenitent.

**regretosa** *adj.* rueful, wistful.

**regula** *vt.* regulate, arrange, regularize, modulate. ● *n.* rule, regulation, commandment. **regula jeneral** general rule, rule of thumb, guideline. **regula local** by-law.

**regulada** *adj.* regulated, regular.

**regulador** *n.* regulator.

**reidrata** *vi.* & *vt.* rehydrate.

**reincarne** [reïncarne] *vi.* reincarnate. ● *n.* reincarnation, transmigration.

**reinforma** *vt.* reacquaint.

**reinisia** [reïnisia] *vt.* & *n.* restart, reset, reboot.

**reinstala** *vt.* reinstall.

**reinstitui** *vt.* re-establish.

**reinstrui** *vt.* retrain.

**reintegra** *vt.* reintegrate. ● *n.* reintegration.

**reinterprete** *vt.* reinterpret.

**reintrodui** *vt.* reintroduce, reinsert.

**reinventa** [reïnventa] *vt.* reinvent. ● *n.* reinvention.

**reinvestiga** *vt.* reinvestigate.

**reipoteca** *vt.* remortgage.

**reiside** *vt.* commit regicide. ● *n.* regicide (*action*).

**reisidor** *n.* regicide (*person*).

**rejela** *vi.* & *vt.* refreeze.

**rejenera** *vt.* regenerate. ● *n.* regeneration.

**rejente** *adj.* & *n.* regent.

**rejentia** *n.* regency.

**rejeta** *vt.* reject, rebuff, veto, blackball; abjure, spurn, deny oneself. ● *n.* rejection, rebuff, brushoff; abjuration, abnegation.

**rejetiste** *adj.* & *n.* rejectionist.

**rejimental** *adj.* regimental.

**rejimento** *n.* regiment.

**rejion** *n.* region, area.

**rejional** *adj.* regional.

**rejionalisme** *n.* regionalism.

**rejistra** *vt.* record, register; tape; log (*software*). ● *n.* recording; log (*software*); register (*music*, *language*).

**rejistrador** *n.* recorder, recording device; register. **rejistrador de banda** tape recorder.

**rejistror** *n.* recorder, registrar. **rejistror de puntos** scorekeeper.

**rejoveni** *vi.* & *vt.* rejuvenate. ● *n.* rejuvenation.

**rejunta** *vt.* rejoin, reassemble, reconnect.

**rel** *n.* rail, railing, banister, bannister, balustrade. **rel de lampas** lighting rail, lighting track, track lighting. **rel de mano** handrail. **rel gardante** guardrail. **reles** railroad track, rails.

**relansa** *vt.* throw back, throw again.

**relasa** *vt.* release, let go, unleash, outgas. ● *n.* release. **con relasa gradal** slow-release, time-release.

**relasador** *n.* shutter release (*camera*).

**relata** *vi.* relate, be in relation, be associated. ● *vt.* relate, associate. ● *n.* relationship, relation, association, kinship. **en relata con** in relation to, regarding, as regards, with regard to, regarding, in terms of. **relata de ama** love affair, relationship. **relatas publica** public relations. **sin relata con** irrespective of, regardless of.

**relatable** *adj.* relatable.

**relatada** *adj.* related, kindred. **relatadas** relatives, family relations, kin, kinfolk, kith.

**relatal** *adj.* relational.

**relativa** *adj.* relative.

**relativia** *n.* relativity.

**relativial** *adj.* relativistic.

**relava** *vt.* rewash.

**rele** *n.* relay (*electric*, *race*).

**releje** *vt.* re-read; proofread.

**releva**¹ *vt.* throw into relief. ● *n.* relief. **releva alta** high relief. **releva basa** low relief, bas-relief.

**releva**² *vi.* rise again. ● *vt.* re-raise, raise again.

**relia** [relía] *vt.* bind (*book*). ● *n.* bookbinding (*action*); binding (*cover*).

**reliada** *adj.* bound. **reliada con anelos** ring-bound.

**relicia** *n.* relic (*object*, *tradition*).

**relicieria** *n.* reliquary.

**relieria** *n.* bindery.

**relijial** *adj.* religious (*pertaining to religion*).

**relijio** *n.* religion.

**relijiosa** *adj.* religious (*displaying religion*), pious, devout, numinous.

**relijiosia** *n.* piety, devoutness.

**relior** *n.* bookbinder.

**reloca** *vt.* move, relocate; translate (*geometry*). ● *n.* move, relocation; translation (*geometry*). **reloca se**relocate, move house.

**relocali** *vt.* relocalize, resettle.

**rem** *n.* rem (*unit of radiation*).

**remastica** *vt.* ruminate, chew cud; brood, worry.

**remasticante** *adj.* ruminant.

**remedia** *vt.* remedy, cure, heal, redress. ● *n.* remedy.

**remediable** *adj.* remediable, curable.

**remediante** *adj.* remedial.

**remetable** *adj.* redeemable.

**remete** *vt.* remit, absolve, redeem, reprieve, vindicate, acquit. ● *n.* remission, absolution, redemption; reprieve, remission.

**remetor** *n.* redeemer.

**remi** *vt.* row, paddle.

**remisca** *vt.* remix.

**remize** *n.* penduline tit (*bird*: *Remiz pendulinus*).

**remo** *n.* oar, paddle.

**remobili** *vt.* refurnish.

**remonta** *vt.* remount.

**remor** *n.* rower, oarsman.

**remora** *n.* remora (*fish*: *Remora*).

**remostra** *vt.* replay.

**ren** *n.* kidney.

**rena** *vt.* reign, rule. ● *n.* kingdom, dominion, realm; regime, rule. **rena par la manada** mob rule. **Rena Unida**United Kingdom.

**renal** *adj.* renal (*of kidneys*).

**renante** *adj.* reigning, regent.

**renara** *vt.* retell.

**renase** *vi.* be reborn. ● *n.* rebirth, renaissance, renascence. **Renase** *n.* the Renaissance.

**renaseda** *adj.* reborn.

**renasente** *adj.* renascent.

**renativi** *vi.* & *vt.* repatriate. ● *n.* repatriation.

**rendere** *vt.* render (*image*, *video*).

**renegada** *adj.* renegade. ● *n.* renegade, turncoat.

**renegosia** *vt.* renegotiate.

**reneta** *n.* petty kingdom.

**renin** *n.* renin (*enzyme*).

**renio** *n.* rhenium (*element*).

**reno** *n.* reindeer, caribou (*Rangifer tarandus*).

**Reno, Rio** *n.* River Rhine.

**renomi** *vt.* rename.

**renor** *n.* ruler, overlord, potentate.

**renoreta** *n.* kinglet, petty king; kinglet, crest (*bird*: *Regulus*).

**renovable** *adj.* renewable.

**renovascular** *adj.* renovascular (*biology*).

**renovi** *vi.* & *vt.* renew, renovate, upgrade, refurbish, revamp, refinish, remodel. ● *n.* renewal, renovation, upgrade, refurbishment.

**renovor** *n.* renewer, renovator.

**renunsia** *vt.* resign, abdicate, renounce, deny oneself. ● *n.* resignation, abdication, renunciation, apostasy, quitclaim; abnegation, self-denial; disclaimer, waiver. **renunsia formal** abjure, forswear.

**renunsior** *n.* abdicator; apostate.

**renuri** *vt.* feed again, feed back; refuel. ● *n.* feedback (*audio*, *video*).

**reocupa** *vt.* reoccupy. ● *n.* reoccupation.

**reolojia** *n.* rheology.

**reolojiste** *n.* rheologist.

**reordina** *vt.* reorder, rearrange, put back in order, tidy up, clear up.

**reorganiza** *vt.* reorganize. ● *n.* reorganization, shakedown, shakeup.

**reorienta** *vt.* reorient, reorientate.

**reostato** *n.* rheostat.

**repaci** *vt.* repack, repackage.

**repaia** *vt.* repay, pay back, refund, reimburse. ● *n.* repayment, refund, reimbursement.

**repaiable** *adj.* repayable, refundable.

**repara** *vt.* repair, fix, mend, darn. ● *n.* repair, fix, darn. **repara completa** overhaul.

**reparable** *adj.* reparable, fixable, mendable.

**repareria** *n.* repair shop.

**reparor** *n.* repairer, fixer, repairman, repairwoman.

**repave** *vt.* repave.

**repensa** *vt.* rethink.

**repenti** *vt.* repent, feel remorse (*for*), feel contrite, be penitent, regret, be sorry. ● *n.* repentance, penitence, penance, contrition, remorse, regret.

**repentinte** *adj.* repentant, penitent, contrite, remorseful, regretful, sorry, apologetic.

**repentor** *n.* penitent.

**repertorio** *n.* repertoire, repertory.

**repete** *vi.* repeat, echo. ● *vt.* repeat, echo, replay; keep, keep on (*doing*). ● *n.* repetition, replay, reprise, rerun. ●*interj.* ditto.

**repetente** *adj.* repeating, repetitive.

**repetosa** *adj.* repetitious.

**repinti** *vt.* repaint.

**repleni** *vi.* & *vt.* refill, replenish, restock; backfill. ● *n.* refill, replenishment.

**replica** *vt.* retort, quip, answer back, snap back. ● *n.* retort, quip, riposte, witty reply, witticism, comeback, bon mot; line (*dialogue*). **replica sismica** aftershock.

**repone** *vt.* replace (*place again*), put back, restore, reinstate.

**repopla** *vt.* repopulate.

**reporta** *vt.* report, brief. ● *n.* report, account, allegation, briefing.

**reportor** *n.* reporter.

**reposa** *vi.* rest, relax, repose, lounge, have a rest, take it easy; lie down, settle, pause, ensconce oneself; roost (*birds*); stay (*reside temporarily*), sojourn; set (*sun*, *moon*, *planet*). ● *vt.* rest. ● *n.* rest, relaxation, repose, respite, pause; stay, sojourn. **reposa de luna** moonset. **reposa de sol** sunset, sundown. **reposa per la note** *v.* stay for the night. ● *n.* overnight stay.

**reposabraso** *n.* armrest.

**reposadorso** *n.* backrest.

**reposapede** *n.* footstool, ottoman, footrest.

**reposatesta** *n.* headrest.

**reposeria** *n.* rest area, rest stop; roost (*for birds*).

**reposese** *vt.* repossess, foreclose. ● *n.* foreclosure.

**repososa** *adj.* restful.

**reprendable** *adj.* retrievable.

**reprende** *vt.* take back, pick up, retrieve, repossess.

**represa** *vt.* repress. ● *n.* repression.

**represable** *adj.* repressible.

**represante** *adj.* repressive.

**representa** *vt.* represent, stand for, characterize, portray, depict. ● *n.* representation, characterization, portrayal, depiction; notation.

**representante** *adj.* representative.

**representor** *n.* representative, spokesperson, proxy, envoy, emissary, deputy.

**reprimi** *vt.* reprint.

**reprodui** *vt.* reproduce, propagate, breed, procreate. ● *n.* reproduction, propagation, procreation. **per reprodui** stud, breeding, brood. **reprodui esata** *v.* replicate. ● *n.* replication.

**reproposa** *vt.* repropose, resubmit.

**reprosede** *vt.* reprocess. ● *n.* reprocessing.

**reproxa** *vt.* rebuke, reproach, reprehend, reprimand, admonish, scold, tell off, upbraid, chide, berate, castigate, chastise. ● *n.* reproach, reprimand, admonition.

**republica** *n.* republic. **Republica de Africa Sentral** Central African Republic. **Republica de Africa Sude**Republic of South Africa, Union of South Africa. See *Sentrafrica*, *Sudafrica*.

**republici** *vt.* republish.

**republicisme** *n.* republicanism.

**republiciste** *adj.* & *n.* republican.

**repulsa** *vt.* repulse, repel; disgust, horrify, turn off (*person*). ● *n.* revulsion, antipathy, aversion, dislike, disgust, abhorrence.

**repulsante** *adj.* repulsive, repellent, revolting, disgusting, foul, repugnant, nasty, distasteful, horrible, horrid, grisly, gruesome, horrendous, tasteless, abhorrent, icky, unsightly. ● *n.* repellent (*substance*). **repulsante de insetos** insect repellent.

**reputa** *vt.* repute, deem. ● *n.* reputation.

**reputada** *adj.* reputed.

**rerasiona** *vt.* reallocate.

**rereali** *vi.* & *vt.* re-enact. ● *n.* re-enactment.

**reregarda** *vt.* look again, watch again, have another look at; watch back (*a recording*).

**rerejistra** *vt.* re-record.

**rescate** *n.* ransom. **rescate finansial** bailout.

**rescati** *vt.* ransom.

**rescrive** *vt.* rewrite; write back, write in reply.

**resegue** *vt.* follow back, retrace. **resegue sua pasos** backtrack, retrace one’s steps.

**reselable** *adj.* resealable.

**reseli** *vt.* reseal.

**resenia** *vt.* & *n.* critique, review.

**resenial** *adj.* critical, analytically reviewed.

**resenior** *n.* reviewer, critic.

**resenta** *vt.* reseat. **resenta se** sit back down.

**resente** *adj.* recent. ● *adv.* recently, lately, the other day. **la plu resente** most recently, last; e.g. *la plu resente, on ia vide el en via a la stasion*. **resente de scola** fresh from school.

**reserti** *vt.* recheck, reverify.

**reserva** *vt.* reserve; save (*money*), scrimp, put aside; hoard, stash, stockpile; book (*seat*, *table*). ● *n.* store, cache, hoard, storehouse, depot, storage, stash, stockpile; savings, kitty, fund (*money*); booking, reservation (*seat*,*table*); reserve, reservation. **reserva de amorti** sinking fund. **reserva mone per** save money for, budget for. **reservas** reserves, stock (*supplies*).

**reservada** *adj.* reserved, put aside, on layaway. ● *adv.* in reserve.

**reserviste** *n.* reservist.

**reseta** *vt.* receive, get; receive, welcome (*visitors*); catch, contract (*illness*). ● *n.* reception; recipe.

**resetador** *n.* receiver (*device*, *biology*).

**resetante** *adj.* receptive.

**reseteria** *n.* reception, reception area; footprint, reception range (*communications*).

**resetiste** *n.* receptionist; welcomer.

**resetor** *n.* recipient.

**resiclable** *adj.* & *n.* recyclable.

**resicleria** *n.* recycling plant; junkyard, scrapyard.

**resicli** *vi.* & *vt.* recycle.

**resife** *n.* reef.

**resina** *n.* resin, rosin, gum. **resina de sisto** ladanum, labdanum. **resina eposidal** epoxy resin.

**resinia** *vt.* resign. ● *n.* resignation.

**resinosa** *adj.* resinous.

**resiproca** *adj.* reciprocal.

**resiproci** *vi.* & *vt.* reciprocate.

**resiprocia** *n.* reciprocity.

**resistable** *adj.* resistible.

**resistador** *n.* resistor.

**resiste** *vt.* resist, withstand, hold out, hold up. ● *n.* resistance, unwillingness.

**resistente** *adj.* resistant, unwilling. ● *n.* resistance (*movement*). **resistente a foco** flame-retardant.

**resita** *vt.* recite. ● *n.* recitation.

**resitua** *vt.* resituate.

**resolve** *vt.* resolve (*into parts*). ● *n.* resolving, resolution.

**resoma** *vt.* summarize, outline, encapsulate, recapitulate, recap, minute. ● *n.* summary, synopsis, outline, résumé, precis, recap; minutes (*of meeting*). **resoma de carera** curriculum vitae, CV, résumé, vita, vitae.

**resomal** *adj.* synoptic.

**resona** *vi.* resound, resonate, reverberation, echo; snore. ● *n.* resonance, reverberation, echo. **resona densa** *v.*reverberate. ● *n.* reverberation (*merged echoes*).

**resonador** *n.* resonator, sounding board, soundboard.

**resonante** *adj.* resonating, reverberating, resonant, plangent, sonorous, vibrant.

**respele** *vt.* respell.

**respeta** *vt.* respect, esteem, venerate. ● *n.* respect, deference.

**respetable** *adj.* respectable, formidable, staid.

**respetada** *adj.* respected, esteemed, venerable, august.

**respetosa** *adj.* respectful.

**respira** *vt.* breathe, respire. ● *n.* breath. **respira debil** *v.* breathe shallowly, breathe weakly. ● *n.* shallow breathing, weak breathing. **respira final** *v.* breathe one’s last, give up the ghost. ● *n.* final breath, last gasp.**respira laborosa** *v.* struggle for breath. ● *n.* laboured (US labored) breathing. **respira rapida** *v.* & *n.*pant. **respira ruidosa** *v.* & *n.* wheeze. **sin respira** *adj.* breathless, not breathing. ● *adv.* breathlessly.**sistem de respira** respiratory system.

**respirador** *n.* respirator.

**respiral** *adj.* respiratory.

**respirante** *adj.* breathing. **ruidosa respirante** wheezing, wheezy.

**respondable** *adj.* answerable (*question*).

**respondador** *n.* answering machine, answerphone.

**responde** *vt.* respond, answer, reply. ● *n.* response, answer, rejoinder.

**respondente** *adj.* responding, answering, replying, respondent, responsive.

**respondor** *n.* responder, answerer, replier, respondent.

**resposi** *vi.* & *vt.* remarry.

**resta** *vi.* remain, keep; stay (*behind*), be left over; e.g. *alga de la torta resta*; *tu resta mea ami*; *lo resta usosa*. ●*n.* remainder, rest, remnant, residual, residue, leftover. **resta a via** stay away, keep away. **restas** leftovers, remains, remnants, dregs.

**restante** *adj.* remaining, residual. ● *n.* remainder, rest, remnant, residual, residue. **restantes** leftovers, remains, remnants, dregs.

**restora** *vt.* restore, refresh, roll back, make like new. ● *n.* restoration, restitution, rollback; refreshment.

**restorada** *adj.* refreshed, zesty, perky.

**restorante** *adj.* refreshing. ● *n.* restaurant, diner. **restorante de comes retirable** takeaway restaurant, takeout restaurant.

**restorantor** *n.* restaurateur.

**restorisme** *n.* restorationism; irredentism (*restoration of territories*).

**restoriste** *n.* irredentist.

**restoror** *n.* restorer.

**restrinje** *vt.* restrict, confine, cramp, curtail; disqualify; restrain, immobilize. ● *n.* restriction, confinement, control, interment; condition, precondition, provision, clause, term, stricture, trammel. **restrinje limital**boundary condition. **sin restrinje** *adj.* unrestricted, unconditional; unrestrained. ● *adv.* unconditionally; without restraint, with abandon.

**restrinjeda** *n.* internee (*prisoner*). **restrinjeda a casa** homebound. **restrinjeda a leto** confined to bed, bedridden. **restrinjeda a tera** earthbound.

**restrinjente** *adj.* restrictive.

**restruturi** *vt.* restructure, reframe.

**resulta** *vi.* result, arise. ● *vt.* produce, provoke, cause, result in. ● *n.* result, consequence, effect, outcome, upshot.**resulta ladal** side effect, offshoot, spinoff, repercussion.

**resultante** *adj.* resultant, consequent, consequential.

**resus** *adj.* rhesus (*medical*). See *macaca*.

**reta** *adj.* straight (*not bent*); right-angled.

**retal** *adj.* rectal.

**retangulo** *adj.* rectangular, oblong. ● *n.* rectangle, oblong.

**retape** *n.* retype.

**retapeti** *vt.* reupholster.

**retarda** *vt.* retard, slow down, inhibit, postpone, delay, stall, forestall, hold up, stonewall. ● *n.* inhibition, delay, stall, lag, lag time, hold-up, wait. **retarda mental** mental retardation. **sin retarda** immediately, straightaway, without delay.

**retardada** *adj.* retarded, delayed. **mental retardada** mentally retarded.

**retenador** *n.* retainer (*any retaining device*).

**reteni** *vt.* keep, retain (*in one’s possession*); reserve (*for future use*); keep, store (*in a regular place*); withhold; hold in. ● *n.* keeping, retention, storing. **reteni sua respira** hold one’s breath.

**reti**¹ *vi.* straighten. ● *vt.* straighten; electronics) rectify (*convert from AC to DC*).

**reti-**² *pref.* recti-.

**retia** *n.* straightness.

**reticulal** *adj.* reticular.

**reticulo** *n.* reticulum (*network*, *anatomy*); crosshairs, reticule, reticle.

**retil** *n.* reptile (*Reptilia*).

**retilal** *adj.* reptilian.

**retilinial** *n.* rectilinear.

**retina** *n.* retina (*anatomy*).

**retinal** *adj.* retinal.

**retinopatia** *n.* retinopathy.

**retinopatica** *adj.* retinopathic.

**retinoscopi** *n.* retinoscopy.

**retinoscopio** *n.* retinoscope.

**retira** *vt.* pull back, take back, withdraw, retire, retract, recall, recant, retreat, relent; recoil; log out (*software*). ● *n.* withdrawal, retreat, retraction, fallback; recoil, kickback. **retira gradal** phase out. **retira tro multe**overdraw.

**retirada** *adj.* withdrawn, reserved, reclusive.

**retirador** *n.* retractor.

**reto** *n.* rectum (*anatomy*).

**retoca** *vt.* retouch, touch up.

**retorica** *n.* rhetoric, oratory.

**retorical** *adj.* rhetorical.

**retoriciste** *n.* rhetorician, orator.

**retorta** *n.* retort (*container*).

**retrae** *vt.* bring back, fetch, retrieve. ● *n.* retrieval.

**retraor** *n.* retriever (*dog*). **retraor de Labrador** Labrador retriever, Labrador (*dog*). **retraor oro** golden retriever (*dog*).

**retro** *adj.* rear, back. ● *n.* rear, back part; back cover (*book*). ● *pref.* retro-; backwards; e.g. *retrosede*. **a retro**back, backwards. **a retro de** at the back of, in back of, behind. **en retro de** inside the back of, into the back of.

**retroacronim** *n.* backronym.

**retroativa** *adj.* retroactive.

**retrocarga** *vt.* breech-load (*gun*).

**retroflami** *vi.* backfire.

**retroflexe** *adj.* & *n.* retroflex.

**retrogradal** *adj.* retrograde, backward, backwards.

**retroroceto** *n.* retrorocket.

**retrosede** *vi.* & *vt.* recede; relegate, demote. ● *n.* recession; relegation, demotion. **retrosede economial**economic recession.

**retrosedente** *adj.* receding, recessive.

**retrospasi** *vt.* backspace.

**retrospeta** *vt.* look back. ● *n.* retrospective, flashback. **en retrospeta** in retrospect, looking back, with hindsight.

**retrospetante** *adj.* retrospective.

**retrova** *vt.* find again, find back, recover.

**retrovista** *n.* rear view.

**reumatica** *adj.* rheumatic. **febre reumatica** rheumatic fever. **maladia reumatica** rheumatism, rheumatic disorder.

**reumato-** *pref.* rheumato-.

**reumatoide** *adj.* rheumatoid.

**reumatolojia** *n.* rheumatology.

**reumatolojiste** *n.* rheumatologist.

**reuni** [reüni] *vi.* & *vt.* reunite, reunify, regroup, congregate, convoke, convene, meet. ● *n.* reunion, reunification, meeting, assembly, convocation, convention, session.

**reusa** *vt.* reuse.

**reusable** *adj.* reusable.

**rev** *n.* rave (*party*).

**revade** *vi.* go back, return. ● *n.* return.

**revela** *vt.* reveal, disclose, divulge, manifest, evince, vouchsafe. ● *n.* disclosure, revelation, mystical vision, manifestation.

**revelante** *adj.* revealing, giveaway, telltale; scanty, skimpy (*garment*).

**revelia** *vi.* & *vt.* reawaken.

**revende** *vt.* resell. ● *n.* resale.

**revendor** *n.* resaler.

**reveni** *vi.* come back, return, recur. ● *n.* comeback, return. **reveni a casa** homecoming. **reveni de caro**carriage return (*character*).

**reveninte** *adj.* recurring.

**revenu** *n.* income, revenue, proceeds, earnings.

**reversa** *vt.* reverse, turn around, roll back; revert. ● *n.* reversal, rollback, turnabout; setback; reversion, atavism. **en reversa** in reverse, vice versa.

**reversable** *adj.* reversible.

**reversada** *adj.* reversed. ● *adv.* in reverse, vice versa, conversely.

**revesti** *vt.* reclothe; recoat. ● *n.* recoat, fresh coat (*of paint*).

**revide** *vt.* see again. ● *n.* seeing again. **asta revide** bye, goodbye, see you.

**revisa** *vt.* revise, redact. ● *n.* revision, version (*including of text*, *product*).

**revisita** *vt.* revisit.

**revisor** *n.* reviser, editor (*of texts for publication*); revisionist.

**revista** *vt.* review. ● *n.* review, periodical, magazine.

**revisteta** *n.* bulletin. **revisteta de grupo** newsletter, circular.

**revive** *vi.* live again, come back to life. ● *vt.* revive, resuscitate, resurrect, revitalize, relive. ● *n.* revival, resuscitation, resurrection, revitalization.

**revolta** *vi.* revolt, rise up. ● *n.* revolution, revolt, uprising (*local rebellion*).

**revolui** *vt.* revolutionize, overturn. ● *n.* revolution (*overthrow of government*), insurgence.

**revoluinte** *adj.* revolutionary, radical.

**revoluisme** *n.* revolutionism.

**revoluiste** *n.* revolutionist, revolutionary, radical, insurgent.

**revolver** *n.* revolver (*gun*).

**-rexe** *n.suff.* -rhexis (*rupture*).

**rexerca** *vt.* & *n.* research.

**rexercar** *n.* ricercar (*music*).

**rexercor** *n.* researcher.

**Rhode Island** [rod aíland] *n.* Rhode Island (*US state*).

**ri** *vi.* flow, stream, course.

**riable** *adj.* laughable, risible, ridiculous, ludicrous.

**Riad** *n.* Riad, Riyad.

**rial**¹ *n.* rial, riyal (*currency*).

**rial**² *adj.* fluvial, riverine (*of rivers*).

**ribes** *n.* currant (*plant*, *fruit*: *Ribes*).

**riboflavina** *n.* riboflavin (*vitamin*).

**ribonucleal** *adj.* ribonucleic.

**ribonucleotido** *n.* ribonucleotide.

**ribosa** *n.* ribose (*sugar*).

**ribosoma** *n.* ribosome (*biology*).

**ribosomal** *adj.* ribosomal.

**rica** *adj.* rich, wealthy, prosperous, affluent, monied. **nova rica** newly rich, nouveau riche. **rica con fero** rich in iron.

**ricetsia** *n.* rickettsia (*bacterium*).

**rici** *vi.* prosper. ● *vt.* enrich.

**ricia** *n.* richness, riches, wealth, means, prosperity, opulence, affluence, mammon.

**ricota** *n.* ricotta (*cheese*).

**ricxa** *n.* rickshaw, pedicab (*drawn by hand or bicycle*).

**rie** *vt.* laugh. ● *n.* laugh, laughter. **rie tra sua dentes** snicker, snigger.

**rieta**¹ *vt.* & *n.* giggle, titter.

**rieta**² *n.* stream, creek, rivulet, brook, rill.

**rif** *n.* riff (*music*).

**rifa** *vt.* raffle. ● *n.* raffle, tombola.

**Riga** *n.* Riga. **Golfo Riga** Gulf of Riga.

**rigatoni** *n.* rigatoni (*food*).

**rigodon** *n.* rigaudon, rigadoon (*dance*).

**rijida** *adj.* stiff, rigid.

**rijidi** *vi.* & *vt.* stiffen, turn rigid.

**rijidia** *n.* stiffness, rigidity.

**ril** *n.* reel (*dance*, *music*).

**rima** *vi.*, *vt.* & *n.* rhyme.

**rinite** *n.* rhinitis, hayfever, coryza.

**rino-** *pref.* rhino- (*nose*).

**rinofarinjite** *n.* nasopharyngitis, rhinopharyngitis, common cold.

**rinorea** *n.* rhinorrhoea, runny nose.

**rinosero** *n.* rhinoceros, rhino (*Rhinocerotidae*).

**rinse** *vt.* & *n.* rinse.

**rio** *n.* river. **rio basa** ford.

**rion** *n.* guffaw, belly laugh.

**ris** *n.* rice (*Oryza sativa*). **ris de jasmin** jasmine rice.

**risa** *adj.* curly, curled. ● *n.* curl, ringlet. **risas de lenio** wood shavings, excelsior.

**risca** *vt.* risk. ● *n.* risk, hazard. **risca biolojial** biological hazard, biohazard. **risca de credito** credit risk, credit score. **risca la acaso** take a chance, take pot luck.

**riscada** *adj.* vulnerable (*species*).

**riscosa** *adj.* risky; risqué, racy, suggestive, titillating.

**risi** *vi.* & *vt.* curl.

**risole** *n.* rissole (*food*).

**risoto** *n.* risotto (*food*).

**ritmal** *adj.* prosodic.

**ritmo** *n.* rhythm, cadence, prosody, rhythmics. **ritmo de tambur** drumbeat. **ritmo e blus** rhythm and blues, R&B.

**ritmosa** *adj.* rhythmic, rhythmical.

**ritual** *adj.* ritual, ritualistic, ceremonial, ceremonious, solemn.

**rituo** *n.* ritual, rite, ceremony, service, observance. **rituo de sposi** wedding, marriage ceremony. **rituo santa**sacred rite, sacrament.

**riva** *n.* shore, bank, riverbank, waterside. **Riva Ueste** West Bank, Cisjordan.

**rival** *adj.* riparian (*of riverbanks*).

**riviera** *n.* riviera.

**rizofora** *n.* mangrove (*Rhizophora*).

**rizoide** *adj.* & *n.* rhizoid (*biology*).

**rizoma** *n.* rhizome (*biology*).

**ro** *n.* rho (*Greek letter*).

**roan** *adj.* & *n.* roan (*horse*).

**roba** *n.* dress, robe. **roba de bani** dressing gown, bathrobe, housecoat. **roba de casa** housedress. **roba de coctel** cocktail dress. **roba de note** nightdress, nightgown, nightie. **roba de prete** cassock. **roba de sera**evening gown. **roba de sol** sundress. **roba de sposi** wedding dress, wedding gown. **roba diafana**negligee. **roba gainin** sheath dress. **roba negra peti** little black dress.

**robeta** *n.* slip (*full-length*). **robeta de note** babydoll (*nightdress*).

**robinia** *n.* robinia, locust (*tree*: *Robinia*).

**robot** *n.* robot.

**robotal** *adj.* robotic (*of robots*).

**roboti** *vt.* robotize. ● *n.* robotization.

**robotica** *n.* robotics.

**robotin** *adj.* robotic, robotlike.

**roc**¹ *adj.* & *n.* rock (*music*). **roc dur** hard rock. **roc e rola** rock and roll. **roc metal** heavy metal. **roc punc**punk rock.

**roc**² *n.* roc (*mythological bird*).

**roca**¹ *n.* rock, stone. **roca deponeda** sedimentary rock. **roca madral** bedrock. **roca magmal** igneous rock.**roca mutada** metamorphic rock.

**roca**² *vt.* castle (*chess move*). ● *n.* castling.

**rocefort** *n.* roquefort (*cheese*).

**roceria** *n.* rockery.

**roceta** *n.* roquet (*croquet*).

**roceto** *n.* rocket (*missile*, *engine*).

**rocetolojia** *n.* rocketology, rocket science.

**rocetolojiste** *n.* rocketologist, rocket scientist.

**rococo** *adj.* & *n.* rococo.

**rocon** *n.* boulder.

**rocosa** *adj.* rocky. **Montes Rocosa** Rocky Mountains.

**rode** *vt.* gnaw, nibble.

**rodente** *adj.* gnawing. ● *n.* rodent (*Rodentia*).

**rodeo** *n.* rodeo (*cattle*, *contest*).

**rodi** *n.* roadie (*for touring band*).

**rodio** *n.* rhodium (*element*).

**rododendro** *n.* rhododendron (*Rhododendron*).

**rodopsina** *n.* rhodopsin (*biology*).

**rohingia** *adj.* & *n.* Rohingya (*person*, *language*).

**roja** *adj.* red; red-haired, red-headed, ginger. ● *n.* red; redhead. **Mar Roja** Red Sea. **roja calda** red-hot, fervent.

**roji** *vi.* redden, turn red, blush, flush. ● *vt.* redden, turn red, cause to blush. ● *n.* blush, flush.

**rojin** *adj.* reddish. **rojin brun** reddish-brown, auburn, rufous.

**rol** *n.* role, factor, function, capacity, part (*to play*). **fa la rol de** take the role of, be cast as.

**rola** *vi.* roll, roll over; taxi (*aircraft*); trundle; tumble; wallow; scroll (*software*). ● *vt.* roll, roll over, bowl. ● *n.* roll (*action*). **rola de tambur** drumroll.

**rolada** *n.* roulade, paupiette, braciole (*food*).

**rolador** *n.* roller.

**rolante** *adj.* rolling; rollaway (*bed*).

**roleta** *n.* roulette (*game*).

**rolor** *n.* roleplayer, actor, player, person with a role to play.

**rom** *n.* ROM (*read-only memory*).

**Roma** *n.* Rome.

**romaji** *n.* rōmaji (*transcription*).

**roman** *adj.* Roman.

**romani** *adj.* & *n.* Rom, Romany, Gypsy (*person*, *language*).

**Romania** *n.* Romania.

**romanian** *adj.* & *n.* Romanian.

**romanica** *adj.* Romanic, Romance; romanesque. ● *n.* Romanic, Romance.

**romaniol** *adj.* & *n.* Romagnol (*person*, *language*).

**romanse** *n.* romance.

**romansor** *n.* romancer.

**romantica** *adj.* romantic, amatory. ● *n.* romantic. **relata romantica** romance, romantic relationship.

**romanticisme** *n.* romanticism.

**romaro** *n.* rosemary (*plant*: *Rosmarinus officinalis*).

**rombo** *adj.* rhomboid. ● *n.* rhombus, lozenge.

**rombosa** *adj.* argyle (*pattern*).

**rombozon** *n.* rhombozoon (pl. rhombozoa) (*organism*: *Rhombozoa*).

**romeo** *n.* romeo, lothario, ladies’ man.

**rompable** *adj.* breakable.

**rompe** *vi.* break, tear, snap; malfunction, go wrong, break down. ● *vt.* break, snap, tear up; renege on, go back on, fail to observe (*promise*, *deal*). ● *n.* breakdown, breakage, rupture, tear, failure, malfunction; bust (*economic*). **rompe a du** break in two, snap in two. **rompe de eletrica** power cut, power outage.

**rompeda** *adj.* broken.

**rompegreve** *n.* strikebreaker.

**rompejelo** *n.* icebreaker (*ship*).

**rompelingua** *n.* tongue twister.

**rompente** *adj.* breaking. **rompente la timpanes** earsplitting.

**rompetesta** *n.* puzzle, riddle, brainteaser; mace (*weapon*).

**rompor** *n.* breaker. **rompor de monopolios** trustbuster.

**ronc** *interj.* grunt, oink.

**ronceta** *vt.* & *n.* grunt, oink.

**ronci** *vt.* growl, snarl, grumble, rumble; snore loudly. ● *n.* growl, snarl, grunt, rumble.

**roncin** *adj.* hoarse.

**ronda** *adj.* round; pudgy, chubby, tubby, rotund. ● *n.* round (*music*, *drinks*, *contest*); circle (*of friends*), ring (*of people*), bevy, posse, troop, troupe.

**rondi** *vi.* & *vt.* round.

**rondia** *n.* roundness.

**rondin** *n.* swallow (*bird*: *Hirundinidae*). **Rondin** *n.* Apus (*constellation*).

**rondo** *n.* rondeau (*poetry*).

**ronrona** *vt.* & *n.* purr.

**rontgen** *n.* roentgen (*unit of radiation*).

**rontgenio** *n.* roentgenium (*element*).

**ros** *adj.* pink, roseate. ● *n.* pink.

**rosa** *n.* rose (*Rosa*). **rosa spinosa** sweetbrier, sweetbriar, eglantine rose (*Rosa eglanteria*, *Rosa rubiginosa*).

**rosaria** *n.* rosary (*prayer*, *beads*).

**rosarieta** *n.* chaplet (*beads*).

**roseola** *n.* roseola, roseola infantum, baby measles.

**roseta**¹ *n.* rosefinch, purple finch (*Carpodacus*).

**roseta**² *n.* rosette (*botany*, *decorative ribbon*), cockade.

**rosi** *vi.* turn pink, blush. ● *vt.* turn pink, cause to blush. ● *n.* blush.

**rosida** *n.* rosid (*plant*).

**rosin** *adj.* pinkish, rosy.

**rosinol** *n.* nightingale (*Luscinia megarhynchos*).

**rosio** *n.* dew.

**rosiosa** *adj.* dewy, bedewed.

**rosta** *vt.* & *n.* roast.

**rostador** *n.* roaster. **rostador jirante** rotisserie (*appliance*).

**rosteria** *n.* rotisserie (*restaurant*).

**rostralata** *n.* painted snipe (*bird*: *Rostratulidae*).

**rota** *n.* wheel. **rota de acua** waterwheel. **rota de dentes** gear, cog. **rota de inertia** flywheel. **rota de rola**scroll wheel (*mouse*). **rota idraulical** hydraulic wheel, waterwheel. **rota jigante** Ferris wheel.

**roteta** *n.* castor.

**rotica** *adj.* & *n.* rhotic (*sound*, *dialect*).

**rotifero** *n.* rotifer (*organism*: *Rotifera*).

**rotor** *n.* rotor.

**rotula** *n.* kneecap, patella.

**rotunda** *n.* rotunda (*building*, *room*); roundhouse (*for locomotive maintenance*).

**roxi** *n.* roshi (*monk*).

**ru**¹ *adj.* rough (*not smooth*), coarse, rugged, nubby.

**ru**² *n.* roux (*food*).

**rua** *n.* road. **rua sin sorti** dead end, cul-de-sac; stalemate, deadlock, impasse.

**Ruanda** *n.* Rwanda. **ruanda** *adj.* & *n.* Rwandan.

**ruba** *vt.* rob, mug, hold up (*steal from by force or threat*). ● *n.* robbery, mugging, hold-up, stick-up.

**rubarbo** *n.* rhubarb (*Rheum*).

**rubeola** *n.* rubella, German measles.

**rubi** *n.* ruby (*gem*).

**rubia** *n.* madder, rubia (*plant*, *pigment*: *Rubia*); alizarin, crimson.

**rubidio** *n.* rubidium (*element*).

**rublo** *n.* ruble, rouble (*currency*).

**rubo** *n.* bramble (*plant*, *berry*: *Rubus fruticosus*).

**rubor** *n.* robber, mugger.

**ruca** *n.* rocket, roquette, arugula, colewort (*plant*: *Eruca sativa*).

**rue** *n.* roué, libertine, debauchee.

**rueta** *n.* lane, path, pathway, alley. **rueta de tira** towpath.

**rugbi** *n.* rugby (*sport*).

**ruia** [ruya] *n.* roughness, coarseness, ruggedness.

**ruidador** *n.* noisemaker (*device*).

**ruidi** *vi.* & *vt.* turn noisy, blare.

**ruido** *n.* noise, cacophony, clamour (US clamor), rumpus, din, racket. **ruido blanca** white noise.

**ruidor** *n.* noisemaker (*person*).

**ruidosa** *adj.* noisy, uproarious. **condui ruidosa e enerjiosa** behave boisterously, roughhouse. **ruidosa e enerjiosa** boisterous.

**ruina** *vt.* ruin, devastate, desolate, ravage. ● *n.* ruin, desolation, devastation, doom, havoc, downfall, wreck. **a ruina** (*fall*) to ruins, to pieces, apart. **ruinas** ruins, wreckage.

**ruinada** *adj.* ruined, ruinous, desolate, devastated, decrepit, derelict, ramshackle. ● *n.* (*colloquial*) old fogey, old geezer; jalopy, old banger (*car*). **ruinada par gera** war-torn.

**ruji** *vt.* & *n.* roar, bellow.

**rum** *n.* rum (*drink*).

**rumans** *adj.* Romansh, Romansch (*language*).

**rumba** *n.* rumba (*dance*, *music*).

**rumor** *n.* rumour (US rumor). **rumores** rumours (US rumors), gossip.

**rumoror** *n.* gossip, rumourmonger (US rumormonger).

**runa** *n.* rune (*letter*).

**runal** *adj.* runic.

**rupi** *n.* rupee (*currency*).

**rus** *n.* ruse, trick, chicanery, prank, ploy, spoof, wile.

**rusce** *adj.* & *n.* Russian (*person*, *language*).

**Rusia** *n.* Russia.

**rusor** *n.* trickster, prankster.

**rusosa** *adj.* crafty, cunning, tricky, devious, artful, wily, sly, shady. **es plu rusosa ca** outwit, outsmart, outthink, outfox.

**rusosia** *n.* craftiness, cunning, cunningness, deviousness, guile, sleight, trickery.

**ruta** *vt.* & *n.* burp, belch.

**rutenio** *n.* ruthenium (*element*).

**ruterfordio** *n.* rutherfordium (*element*).

S

**s**¹ [es] *letter* s. **con forma de S** S-shaped.

**s**² *abbr.* (*sirca*) c., approx.

**-s**³ *suff.* -s (*plural of noun that ends in a vowel*); e.g. *gatos*. See *-es*.

**sabatico** *adj.* & *n.* sabbatical.

**sabe** *vt.* know (*fact*, *details*, *how to*); e.g. *me no sabe do me ia pone la clave*; *tu sabe elefen*; *el sabe jua xace*. ●*n.* knowledge, knowhow. **ci sabe?** who knows? **sabes** items of knowledge, lore. **(tu) sabe** you know (*filler*). See *conose*.

**sabetota** *n.* know-all, know-it-all, smart aleck, smartarse, smartass, smartypants, wiseguy, wiseacre.

**sabor** *n.* taste, flavour (US flavor). **con sabor** flavoured (US flavored). **con sabor agu** pungent, sharp-tasting.**con sabor de xasada** gamey. **sabor persistente** aftertaste. **sensa de sabor** sense of taste, gustatory sense. **sin sabor** flavourless (US flavorless), tasteless.

**saborea** *vt.* savour (US savor), relish, enjoy, love.

**saboreor** *n.* lover (*of art*, *music*, *food*, *etc.*).

**sabori** *vi.* taste. ● *vt.* flavour (US flavor). **sabori bon** taste good.

**saborida** *adj.* flavoured (US flavored).

**saborinte** *n.* flavouring (US flavoring).

**saborosa** *adj.* tasty, flavourful (US flavorful), strong-tasting, savoury (US savory), palatable.

**sabosa** *adj.* knowledgeable. ● *n.* boffin.

**sabota** *vt.* & *n.* sabotage.

**sabotor** *n.* saboteur.

**sabre** *n.* sabre (US saber). **clica de sabres** sabre (US saber) rattling.

**saca** *vt.* sack, pillage, maraud, plunder, despoil, ransack.

**sacabuta** *n.* sackbut (*musical instrument*).

**Sacartvelo** *n.* Georgia (*Caucasus*). See *cartuli, Jorjia*.

**sace** *n.* sake (*drink*).

**saceta** *n.* sachet.

**saci**¹ *n.* saki monkey (*Pithecia*).

**saci**² *vt.* bag, bag up, put in a bag.

**sacin** *adj.* sacklike.

**saco** *n.* bag, sack, sac, tote. **saco de arena** sandbag. **saco de colpa** punching bag, punchbag. **saco de favas**beanbag (*juggling*). **saco de gas** gasbag. **saco de juta** hessian sack, burlap bag, gunnysack. **saco de mone**moneybag. **saco de posta** postbag, mailbag, mailsack. **saco de sela** saddlebag. **saco silindre** duffel bag, duffle bag, kit bag.

**sacor** *n.* pillager, marauder.

**sacral** *adj.* sacral.

**sacrifia** *vt.* & *n.* sacrifice.

**sacro** *n.* sacrum (*anatomy*).

**sacroilial** *adj.* sacroiliac.

**sacroilio** *n.* sacroilium (*anatomy*).

**sadisme** *n.* sadism.

**sadiste** *adj.* sadistic. ● *n.* sadist.

**sadomasocisme** *n.* sadomasochism.

**sadomasociste** *adj.* sadomasochistic.

**safari** *n.* safari.

**safir** *n.* sapphire (*gem*).

**saga** *n.* saga (*story*).

**saguaro** *n.* saguaro (*cactus*: *Carnegiea gigantea*).

**Sahara** *n.* Sahara. **Sahara Ueste** Western Sahara.

**saharan** *adj.* Saharan.

**Sahel** *n.* Sahel (*African region*).

**saimiri** *n.* squirrel monkey (*Saimiri*).

**saisi** *vt.* seize, grasp, grab, snatch, usurp; abduct, kidnap, ravish, commandeer, requisition. ● *n.* abduction, kidnapping. **saisi como ostaje** take (*as*) hostage. **saisi de avion** skyjack. **saisi en viaja** hijack. **saisi se**seize up; freeze, hang (*software*).

**saisida** *adj.* seized; frozen (*software*).

**saisinte** *adj.* seizing, grasping. **saisinte la oio** eye-catching, striking.

**saison** *n.* season.

**saisonal** *adj.* seasonal; seasonable.

**saisor** *n.* kidnapper, hijacker. **saisor de avion** skyjacker.

**saja** *adj.* wise, sage, sagacious, judicious, politic. ● *n.* sage, wise person, wise man, wise woman.

**sajia** *n.* wisdom, sagacity.

**sajital** *adj.* sagittal.

**sal** *n.* salt. **sin sal** without salt, unsalted.

**sala** *n.* room, chamber; ward (*hospital*). **sala de bagaje** cloakroom, luggage room, baggage room. **sala de banio** bathroom. **sala de campana** bell chamber, belfry. **sala de capitan** stateroom. **sala de clase**schoolroom, classroom. **sala de come** dining room. **sala de contas** counting house. **sala de dormi**bedroom, boudoir. **sala de enfantes** nursery, playroom. **sala de entra** antechamber, anteroom, entrance hall. **sala de espeta** waiting room. **sala de fem** boudoir. **sala de femes** ladies’ room (*toilet*). **sala de furnis** storeroom, stockroom. **sala de jornalistes** pressroom. **sala de justia** courtroom. **sala de labora**workroom. **sala de lava** washroom. **sala de omes** men’s room (*toilet*). **sala de prete** sacristy. **sala de rede** (*internet*) chatroom. **sala de scalera** stairwell. **sala de sol** sunroom, conservatory. **sala de studia**study (*room*). **sala de te** tearoom. **sala de vesti** dressing room. **sala oscur** darkroom (*photography*).**sala per du** room for two, double room. **sala per un** room for one, single room. **sala prima** first room, homeroom. **sala securida** vault (*bank*).

**salada** *n.* salad. **salada de col** coleslaw.

**salamandra** *n.* salamander (four families of *Urodela*, esp. *Salamandridae*).

**salami** *n.* salami (*food*).

**salario** *n.* salary, wage, wages, stipend, paycheck, paycheque. **con salario** paid, salaried, non-amateur, professional.

**salda** *vt.* balance, settle (*account*). ● *n.* balance.

**saldeta** *n.* change.

**saleta** *n.* closet, compartment. **saleta de comedas** pantry, larder. **saleta de furnis** storage closet, supply closet. **saleta de jacas** cloakroom. **saleta de vestes** clothes closet. **saleta privata** toilet, lavatory, loo, cloakroom, WC.

**sali** *vt.* salt, salinate. ● *n.* salination.

**salin** *adj.* saline.

**saliva** *n.* saliva, spittle.

**salivi** *vt.* salivate, water. ● *n.* salivation.

**Salix, Mar** *n.* Salish Sea.

**salmiste** *n.* psalmist.

**salmo** *n.* psalm, canticle, religious poem. **libro de salmos** psalter.

**salmon** *adj.* salmon (*colour*). ● *n.* salmon (*fish*: *Salmo*, *Oncorhynchus*). **salmon fumida** smoked salmon, lox.

**salmonela** *n.* salmonella.

**salmonelose** *n.* salmonella (*poisoning*).

**salon** *n.* living room, drawing room, lounge; great room, hall, chamber. **Salon Alta** Upper House, Senate, House of Lords. **Salon Basa** Lower House, House of Representatives, House of Commons. **salon de balo**ballroom. **salon de bir** beer hall. **salon de conserta** concert hall, auditorium. **salon de dansa** dance hall.**salon de legi** legislative chamber. **salon de presenta** auditorium. **salon de sindicato** guildhall. **salon formal** stateroom.

**salopeta** *n.* bib overalls, bib-and-brace overalls, dungarees; salopettes, snowsuit.

**salosa** *adj.* salty, briny, brackish.

**salosia** *n.* salinity.

**salpica** *vi.*, *vt.* & *n.* splash, spatter, splatter.

**salsa** *n.* sauce, dressing; salsa. **salsa de carne** gravy. **salsa de crema** custard. **salsa de poma** apple sauce.**salsa de salada** salad dressing. **salsa de tomate** tomato sauce, spaghetti sauce. **salsa dulse** sweet sauce, dessert topping. **salsa tatar** tartare (US tartar) sauce.

**salse** *n.* willow (*Salix*).

**salsix** *n.* sausage. **salsix american** hotdog, frankfurter, frank, wiener. **salsix bolonian** bologna. **salsix de figato** liverwurst.

**salsola** *n.* tumbleweed, salsola, Russian thistle (*plant*: *Salsola*, *Amaranthus*).

**salta** *vi.* & *n.* jump, leap, spring, bound, pounce, lunge. **salta a ante** jump forward, jump ahead, flash forward.**salta a sirca** jump around. **salta alta** *v.* perform a high jump. ● *n.* high jump. **salta con corda elastica***v.* bungee-jump. ● *n.* bungee jump, bungee jumping. **salta con palo** pole-vault. **salta con paracade** *v.*skydive, parachute. ● *n.* skydiving, parachuting. **salta cuantal** quantum leap. **salta de asi a ala** jump around. **salta de la reles** come off the rails, derail. **salta longa** *v.* perform a long jump. ● *n.* long jump.

**salterio** *n.* psaltery (*musical instrument*).

**salteta** *vi.* start (*with surprise*), jump, flinch, wince. ● *vt.* make someone jump.

**saltor** *n.* jumper, leaper. **saltor alta** high-jumper. **saltor con palo** pole vaulter. **saltor longa** long-jumper.

**saluta** *vt.* greet, welcome, receive. ● *n.* greeting, welcome, salutation. **saluta con mano** wave (*greeting*).**saluta de fusiles** salvo. **saluta inclinada** *v.* & *n.* bow (*respect*). **saluta militar** *v.* & *n.* salute.

**salva** *vt.* save, rescue; spare; save up; redeem. ● *n.* salvation, redemption, salvage.

**salvable** *adj.* salvageable.

**Salvador** *n.* El Salvador.

**salvadoran** *adj.* & *n.* Salvadoran.

**salvascermo** *n.* screensaver.

**salvatempo** *n.* timesaver.

**salvia** *n.* sage, salvia (*plant*: *Salvia*).

**salvor** *n.* saviour (US savior), rescuer; redeemer.

**samara** *n.* samara (*botany*).

**samarines** *adj.* & *n.* Sammarinese. See *San Marino*.

**samario** *n.* samarium (*element*).

**samba** *n.* samba (*dance*, *music*).

**sambuco** *n.* elder, elderberry (*Sambucus*).

**Sami** *n.* Lapland. **sami** *n.* Sami.

**Samoa** *n.* Samoa. **Samoa Ueste** Western Samoa.

**samoan** *adj.* & *n.* Samoan.

**samovar** *n.* samovar (*urn*).

**sampan** *n.* sampan (*boat*).

**samplador** *n.* sampler (*music*).

**sample** *vt.* sample (*analysis*, *music*). ● *n.* sample. **sample tipal** cross-section (*statistics*).

**samsara** *n.* samsara (*Buddhism*, *Hinduism*).

**samurai** *n.* samurai.

**San**¹ *n.* St, Saint (*title*). **Golfo San Jorge** [horhe] San Jorge Gulf. **Golfo San Laurent** Gulf of Saint Lawrence.**Golfo San Matias** San Matías Gulf. **Rio San Laurent** Saint Lawrence River. **San Kitts e Nevis** Saint Kitts and Nevis. **San Lusia** Saint Lucia. **San Marino** San Marino. **San Nicolas** Saint Nicholas, Santa Claus. **San Tome e Prinsipe** São Tomé and Príncipe. **San Vinsent e la Grenadines** Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. See *citian, nevisian*, *samarines*, *sanlusian*, *santomense*, *vinsentian*.

**san**² *adj.* & *n.* Bushman, San (*person*, *language*).

**sana**¹ *adj.* healthy, hale, salubrious. **mental sana** sane.

**Sana**² *n.* Sana’a.

**sanbernardo** *n.* Saint Bernard (*dog*).

**sandal** *n.* sandal.

**sandaleta** *n.* flip-flop, thong (*simple sandal*).

**sandalo** *n.* sandalwood (*Santalum album*).

**sanduitx** *n.* sandwich.

**sanga** *n.* sangha (*Buddhism*).

**sanglota** *vt.* & *n.* sob, gasp.

**sangria** *n.* sangria (*drink*).

**sangual** *adj.* blood-related.

**sangue** *n.* blood, gore. **con lias de sangue** consanguine. **de sangue pur** pureblooded, purebred, thoroughbred. **lias de sangue** consanguinity, blood ties. **sangue de vive** lifeblood. **sin sangue** bloodless.**versa de sangue** bloodshed.

**sanguefria** *n.* sangfroid (*calm*).

**sangui** *vt.* bleed. ● *n.* bleeding, bloodletting. **sangui de nas** nosebleed.

**sanguosa** *adj.* bloody, gory; bloodshot (*eye*).

**sani** *vi.* heal, become healthy, get better, recover, recuperate, convalesce. ● *vt.* cure, make healthy, make better.**sani spirital** faith healing.

**sania** *n.* health, wellness, salubriousness. **sania mental** mental health, sanity.

**saninte** *adj.* wholesome, health-giving, healthful, healthy.

**sanitota** *n.* cureall, panacea.

**sanlusian** *adj.* & *n.* Saint Lucian. See *San Lusia*.

**sanor** *n.* healer. **sanor spirital** faith healer, curandero.

**sanscrito** *adj.* & *n.* Sanskrit.

**santa** *adj.* holy, sacred, sacral. ● *n.* saint. **santa padronal** patron saint.

**santeria** *n.* shrine, holy place.

**santi** *vi.* & *vt.* consecrate, sanctify, hallow; canonize. ● *n.* consecration, sanctification; canonization.

**santia** *n.* holiness, beatitude, sainthood, sanctity.

**santida** *adj.* hallowed, sacrosanct.

**santomense** *adj.* & *n.* São Toméan, Santomean. See *San Tome e Prinsipe*.

**sanumberto** *n.* bloodhound (*dog*).

**sapaio** *n.* broad-billed sapayoa (*bird*: *Sapayoa aenigma*).

**sapateria** *n.* shoe shop.

**sapato** *n.* shoe. **sapato de sporte** athletic shoe, gym shoe, running shoe, trainer, sneaker, plimsoll, pump, sandshoe. **sapato escotada** court shoe, pump (*low-cut*). **sin sapatos** shoeless, barefoot, unshod.

**sapator** *n.* shoemaker, cobbler.

**sapin** *adj.* toadlike, toady.

**sapo** *n.* toad (*Anura*).

**sapon** *n.* soap.

**saponi** *vt.* soap.

**saponosa** *adj.* soapy.

**sapota** *n.* sapodilla (*tree*: *Manilkara zapota*).

**saprofaje** *adj.* saprophagous. ● *n.* saprophyte.

**saprofajia** *n.* saprophagy (*biology*).

**sarabanda** *n.* saraband (*dance*, *music*).

**saraseno** *n.* buckwheat (*plant*: *Fagopyrum esculentum*).

**sarcasmo** *n.* sarcasm, snark.

**sarcasmosa** *adj.* sarcastic, sardonic, snide.

**sarco-** *pref.* sarco- (*flesh*).

**sarcofago** *n.* sarcophagus.

**sarcoidose** *n.* sarcoidosis (*medical*).

**sarcoma** *n.* sarcoma (*tumour*). ● *n.suff.* -sarcoma.

**sarcopenia** *n.* sarcopenia (*medical*).

**sarda** *adj.* & *n.* Sard, Sardinian (*person*, *language*). **Mar Sarda** Sardinian Sea.

**sardas** *n.* csardas, czardas (*dance*).

**sardina** *n.* sardine, pilchard (*Sardina*, *Sardinops*, *Sardinella*).

**Sardinia** *n.* Sardinia.

**Sargasso, Mar** *n.* Sargasso Sea.

**sari** *n.* sari (*garment*).

**sarin** *n.* sarin (*gas*).

**sarja** *n.* twill, serge (*fabric*).

**sarjento** *n.* sergeant.

**sarong** *n.* sarong (*garment*).

**sasafras** *n.* sassafras (*tree*: *Sassafras albidum*).

**sasanan** *adj.* Sassanid, Sassanian (*dynasty*).

**sasares** *adj.* & *n.* Sassarese (*person*, *language*).

**sasia** *vt.* satisfy, sate, satiate, gratify, assuage, quench; meet, fulfil (US fulfill) (*requirement*); cover, defray (*cost*). ● *n.* satisfaction, satiation, gratification; fulfilment (US fulfillment).

**sasiada** *adj.* satisfied, content, replete, sated, satiated.

**sasiante** *adj.* satisfying, satisfactory, rewarding, fulfilling.

**Saskatchewan** [sascátxewan] *n.* Saskatchewan (*Canadian province*).

**sasofon** *n.* saxophone, sax.

**sasofoniste** *n.* saxophonist.

**Sason** *n.* Saxony (*German region*). **sason** *adj.* & *n.* Saxon.

**satai** *n.* satay (*food*).

**Satan** *n.* Satan.

**satanal** *adj.* satanic (*of Satan*).

**satanin** *adj.* satanic (*like Satan*).

**satanisme** *n.* Satanism.

**sataniste** *n.* Satanist.

**satelite** *n.* satellite. **orienta par satelite** satellite navigation, satnav.

**sati** *n.* sati, suttee (*ritual immolation of widow*).

**satin** *n.* satin.

**satinin** *adj.* satiny. ● *n.* sateen (*fabric*).

**satir** *n.* satyr (*mythology*).

**satira** *adj.* satiric, satirical. ● *n.* satire.

**satiri** *vt.* satirize.

**satiriase** *n.* satyriasis (*medical*).

**satiriste** *n.* satirist.

**satori** *n.* satori (*Buddhism*).

**satrap** *n.* satrap (*governor*).

**satrapia** *n.* satrapy.

**satura** *vt.* saturate, soak through, steep. ● *n.* saturation.

**saturada** *adj.* saturated.

**saturdi** *n.* Saturday.

**Saturno** *n.* Saturn (*mythology*, *planet*).

**sauain** *n.* samhain (*Celtic festival*).

**saudi** *adj.* & *n.* Saudi, Saudi Arabian.

**sauerbraten** *n.* sauerbraten (*food*).

**sauna** *n.* sauna.

**sauternes** *n.* sauterne (*wine*).

**sava** *n.* sap (*of plant*).

**savaje** *adj.* wild, feral, untamed, savage, brutal, brutish, beastly. ● *n.* brute, thug, goon.

**savaji** *vi.* & *vt.* turn wild, turn savage, brutalize.

**savajia** *n.* wildness, savagery, brutality.

**savana** *n.* savanna, grassland, bush.

**savoian** *adj.* Savoisien, Savoyen.

**Savoie** *n.* Savoie (*French region*).

**Savu** *n.* Savu (*island*). **Mar Savu** Savu Sea.

**saxifraje** *n.* saxifrage (*Saxifraga*).

**saximi** *n.* sashimi (*food*).

**sca** *adj.* ska (*music*).

**scafal** *n.* shelf, ledge, rack, mantel, mantelpiece; scaffold, scaffolding. **scafal de libros** bookshelf. **scafal de ximine** mantelpiece, chimneypiece, chimneyshelf.

**scala** *n.* ladder; scale (*values*, *music*). **scala major** major scale (*music*). **scala minor** major scale (*music*).**scala pliable** stepladder.

**scalal** *adj.* scalar.

**scalda** *vt.* scald.

**scalena** *adj.* scalene (*triangle*).

**scalera** *n.* staircase, stairway, stair, (*flight of*) stairs. **scalera de bancas** bleachers, tiered benches. **scalera de securia** fire escape. **scalera elica** spiral staircase. **scalera rolante** escalator.

**scalerin** *adj.* stepped, jagged.

**scalmo** *n.* oarlock, rowlock.

**scalpo** *n.* scalp.

**scama** *n.* scale.

**scamin** *adj.* scale-like.

**scamosa** *adj.* scaly, squamous.

**scanador** *n.* scanner.

**scandal** *n.* scandal, outrage.

**scandali** *vt.* scandalize, outrage.

**scandalinte** *adj.* scurrilous.

**scandalosa** *adj.* scandalous, outrageous.

**scande** *vt.* scan (*poetry*). ● *n.* scansion.

**Scandinavia** *n.* Scandinavia.

**scandinavian** *adj.* & *n.* Scandinavian.

**scandio** *n.* scandium (*element*).

**scane** *vt.* scan (*with eyes or machine*).

**scapula** *n.* shoulderblade, scapula.

**scarabe** *n.* beetle, scarab (*Coleoptera*). **scarabe de maio** cockchafer, May beetle, May bug (*Melolontha*).**scarabe elefantin** weevil (*Curculionoidea*). **scarabe santa** scarab, dung beetle (*Scarabaeus*).

**scaramuxa** *vi.* skirmish, scrimmage, clash, scuffle; squabble, bicker. ● *n.* skirmish, scrimmage, squabble, clash, scuffle, mêlée, fray, affray, fracas.

**scarlata** *adj.* scarlet, vermilion. ● *n.* scarlet.

**scarlatina** *n.* scarlet fever, scarlatina.

**scat** *adj.* scat (*music*).

**-sce** *adj.suff.* & *n.suff.* -ish (*pertaining to a region*); e.g. *rusce*; *norsce*. See *-an, -es, -i, -ica*.

**sceletal** *adj.* skeletal (*of the skeleton*).

**sceletin** *adj.* skeletal, skeletonlike.

**sceleto** *n.* skeleton, framework. **sceleto de sepida** cuttlebone.

**scema** *n.* scheme, plan (*of action*, *of payment*); chart, diagram, outline, schema, schematic drawing; timetable.**scema de flue** flowchart. **scema economial** budget. **scema fantasial** pipedream.

**scemal** *adj.* schematic, scheme-based.

**scemi** *vt.* outline, plan, mastermind, scheme.

**scemor** *n.* schemer, planner, mastermind.

**scermeta** *n.* buckler; gusset.

**scermi** *vt.* shield, shelter.

**scermida** *adj.* shielded. **scermida de la venta** sheltered, shielded from the wind.

**scermin** *adj.* shieldlike, shield-shaped.

**scermioio** *n.* blinder, blinker.

**scermo** *n.* screen, shield; monitor. **Scermo** *n.* Scutum (*constellation*). **scermo arjento** silver screen. **scermo de cristal licuida** liquid-crystal display, LCD. **scermo eraldial** coat of arms, blazon. **scermo interatante** touchscreen.

**scet** *n.* skateboard.

**sceti** *vt.* skateboard. ● *n.* skateboarding.

**scetor** *n.* skateboarder.

**scetx** *n.* sketch, skit (*comedy*).

**sci** *n.* ski; skiing. ● *vt.* ski. **sci acual** *vt.* waterski. ● *n.* waterski; waterskiing. **sci de distantia longa** *v.* ski long-distance. ● *n.* long-distance skiing. **sci savaje** off-piste skiing, backcountry skiing.

**scieria** *n.* ski slope, piste.

**scife** *n.* skiff (*boat*).

**scifel** *n.* skiffle (*music*).

**scinco** *n.* skink (*lizard*: *Scincidae*).

**scior** *n.* skier.

**-scise** *n.suff.* -schisis (*splitting*).

**scizo-** *pref.* schizo- (*split*).

**scizofrenia** *n.* schizophrenia.

**scizofrenica** *adj.* & *n.* schizophrenic.

**scizoide** *adj.* schizoid.

**scizotipal** *adj.* schizotypal.

**sclavi** *vi.* become enslaved. ● *vt.* enslave.

**sclavia** *n.* slavery, servitude, bondage.

**sclavin** *adj.* slavish, servile, subservient.

**sclavo** *n.* slave.

**sclavor** *n.* slaver, slave master, slave dealer.

**sclera** *n.* sclera (*anatomy*).

**sclero-** *pref.* sclero- (*hard*).

**scleroderma** *n.* scleroderma (*medical*).

**sclerose** *n.* sclerosis (*medical*). ● *n.suff.* -sclerosis.

**sclerosica** *adj.* sclerotic. ● *adj.suff.* -sclerotic.

**scola** *n.* school, schoolhouse; faculty, department, college (*university*). **scola abitada** boarding school, residential school. **scola de musica** conservatory, conservatoire. **scola de opina** school of thought. **scola prima** primary school, elementary school, grade school.

**scolal** *adj.* school, scholastic.

**scolastica** *n.* scholasticism.

**scoliose** *n.* scoliosis (*medical*).

**scoliosica** *adj.* scoliotic.

**scolor** *n.* pupil, schoolchild, schoolboy, schoolgirl.

**scolta** *n.* scout, boy scout, girl guide, girl scout. **scolta joven** brownie, cub.

**scoltisme** *n.* scouting, scout movement.

**scon** *n.* scone (*food*).

**scopa** *n.* broom, (*large*) brush. **scopa de franjes** mop.

**scopi** *vt.* sweep, brush.

**-scopia** *n.suff.* -scopy (*observation*).

**scopida** *adj.* swept. **scopida par venta** windswept.

**scopineva** *n.* snowplough (US snowplow).

**-scopio** *n.suff.* -scope (*observation instrument*).

**scopor** *n.* sweeper, sweep (*person*). **scopor de ximine** chimneysweep.

**scorbuto** *n.* scurvy (*medical*).

**scoria** *n.* scoria, slag (*geology*).

**scorpion** *n.* scorpion (*Scorpiones*). **Scorpion** *n.* Scorpius, Scorpio (*constellation*).

**scotes** *adj.* Scottish, Scots. ● *n.* Scot (*person*).

**Scotia** *n.* Scotia. **Mar Scotia** Scotia Sea. **Scotia Nova** Nova Scotia (*Canadian province*).

**Scotland** *n.* Scotland.

**scotoma** *n.* scotoma (*medical*).

**scrabel** *n.* Scrabble (*game*).

**scratxa** *vt.* & *n.* scratch (*music*).

**scrima** *vi.* fence. ● *n.* fencing, swordplay.

**scrimor** *n.* fencer.

**scrimxa** *vt.* scrimshaw (*engrave*).

**scrivador** *n.* word processor. **scrivador de cd** CD writer, CD burner. **scrivador de disco** CD writer, DVD writer, CD burner, DVD burner. **scrivador de dvd** DVD writer, DVD burner.

**scrive** *vt.* write; author; burn (*disc*). ● *n.* writing (*action*, *style*). **scrive a sielo** skywrite. **scrive corente**cursive writing. **scrive de mano** handwriting (*style*). **scrive par mano** handwriting, penmanship (*action*).**scrive per un otra** ghostwrite.

**scriveda** *n.* writing (*content*). **scriveda par mano** handwritten. **scrivedas santa** scriptures, holy texts.

**scriveria** *n.* escritoire, school desk, small writing desk.

**scriveta** *vt.* & *n.* scribble, scrawl.

**scrivetor** *n.* scribbler.

**scriviste** *n.* scribe, scrivener.

**scrivor** *n.* writer. **scrivor de colona** columnist. **scrivor ombral** ghostwriter.

**scrivoria** *n.* authorship.

**scrotal** *adj.* scrotal.

**scroto** *n.* scrotum (*anatomy*).

**scuadron** *n.* squadron; squad (*for team*).

**scuax** *n.* squash (*sport*).

**scuaxor** *n.* squash player.

**sculta** *vt.* sculpt. ● *n.* sculpture, statue. **sculta de sira** waxwork, wax figure, wax effigy. **scultas** sculptures, statues, statuary.

**sculteta** *n.* statuette, figurine.

**scultor** *n.* sculptor. **Scultor** *n.* Sculptor (*constellation*).

**scural** *n.* squirrel (*Sciuridae*).

**scuter** *n.* scooter (*motorcycle*).

**se** *pron.* himself, herself, itself, oneself, themselves (*reflexive*). **se mesma** himself, herself, itself, oneself, themselves (*emphatically reflexive*).

**seanse** *n.* seance. **fa un seanse** hold a seance.

**sebo** *n.* sebum; tallow (*substance*).

**seborea** *n.* seborrhoea (US seborrhea) (*medical*).

**sebosa** *adj.* sebaceous. **glande sebosa** sebaceous gland.

**sebuano** *adj.* & *n.* Cebuano (*person*, *language*).

**seca** *adj.* dry, arid.

**secador** *n.* dryer, drier. **secador de capeles** hairdryer.

**secante** *n.* secant (*mathematics*, *geometry*).

**seci** *vi.* dry, wither, wilt, parch, desiccate. ● *vt.* dry, wipe up, wipe away.

**secia** *n.* dryness, drought. **secia estrema** desiccation.

**secida** *adj.* dried. **secida par sol** sundried, sunbaked.

**secinte** *adj.* drying. ● *n.* desiccant (*substance*).

**seco** *n.* caecum (US cecum) (*anatomy*).

**secobarbital** *n.* seconal (*drug*).

**secondo** *n.* second (*of time*). **secondo ajuntada** leap second.

**secreta** *adj.* secret, clandestine, confidential, esoteric, arcane, stealthy, furtive, covert, surreptitious. ● *adv.*secretly, in secret, stealthily, in confidence. ● *n.* secret, confidence.

**secrete** *vt.* secrete. ● *n.* secretion.

**secreteria** *n.* secretariat.

**secreti** *vi.* & *vt.* classify, keep secret.

**secretia** *n.* secrecy, confidence.

**secretor** *n.* secretary, clerk.

**secretoral** *adj.* clerical, secretarial.

**secretosa** *adj.* secretive, reserved, reticent.

**secretosia** *n.* secrecy, reticence.

**secular** *adj.* secular.

**seculari** *vi.* & *vt.* secularize. ● *n.* secularization.

**secuoia** *n.* sequoia, redwood (*tree*: *Sequoia sempervirens*, *Sequoiadendron giganteum*).

**secur** *adj.* safe, secure. **secur contra acua** waterproof. **secur contra baletas** bulletproof. **secur contra bobos** foolproof, idiotproof. **secur contra bombas** bombproof. **secur contra clima** weatherproof. **secur contra flama** flameproof. **secur contra foco** fireproof. **secur contra frati** shatterproof. **secur contra fura** burglarproof, theftproof. **secur contra lus** lightproof, lightfast. **secur contra malfunsiona** failsafe.**secur contra osidi** rustproof. **secur contra pluve** rainproof. **secur contra tempesta** stormproof.**secur contra umidia** dampproof, moistureproof. **secur per gida** roadworthy. **secur per naviga**seaworthy. **secur per vola** airworthy.

**securable** *adj.* securable, lockable, lockup.

**securador** *n.* lock (*door*); safety (*gun*). **securador pendente** padlock.

**secureria** *n.* safe room, panic room.

**securi** *vi.* & *vt.* secure, lock; make safe, safeguard; strap up, tether, moor. **securi la polsos** handcuff. **securi la talos** shackle.

**securia** *n.* safety, security, safekeeping.

**securilibro** *n.* bookend.

**securior** *n.* security worker, security officer.

**securipolso** *n.* handcuff, manacle.

**securitalo** *n.* fetter, shackle.

**secute** *vi.* & *vt.* shake, agitate, shake up, judder, wag. ● *n.* shaking.

**secutesal** *n.* salt shaker.

**seda** *n.* silk. **de seda** (*made of*) silk, silken. **seda de arania** spider silk, gossamer. **Via de Seda** Silk Road.

**sede** *vt.* cede, concede, yield, surrender, submit, succumb, give up, relinquish, grant, give way, acquiesce, relent, buckle. ● *n.* concession, surrender, submission, acquiescence.

**sedente** *adj.* yielding, submissive, docile.

**seder** *n.* seder (*Judaism*).

**sedilia** *n.* cedilla (*diacritic*).

**sedin** *adj.* silky, silken.

**sedo** *n.* sedum (*plant*: *Sedum*).

**sedro** *n.* cedar (*tree*: *Cedrus*, *Thuja*).

**sedui** *vt.* seduce, entice. ● *n.* seduction, enticement.

**seduinte** *adj.* seducing, seductive.

**seduor** *n.* seductor, seductress, minx, coquette, tease, tart, tramp, lolita, hussy.

**seduosa** *adj.* seductive, sultry.

**sefalaljia** *n.* cephalalgia (*medical*).

**sefalica** *adj.* cephalic (*of the head*).

**sefalo-** *pref.* cephalo- (*head*).

**sefalopodo** *n.* cephalopod (*Cephalopoda*).

**sefardi** *adj.* Sephardi (*Judaism*). ● *n.* Sephardi Jew.

**Sefeo** *n.* Cepheus (*mythology*, *constellation*).

**segal** *n.* rye (*plant*: *Secale cereale*).

**seguador** *n.* sequencer (*music*).

**segue** *vt.* follow, trail, retrace; ensue; honour (US honor), observe, stick to, comply with (*agreement*); succeed (*one’s predecessor*); supervene. ● *n.* sequence (*order*), run; segue (*transition*). **segue lenta** straggle, dawdle, lag behind. **segue tro prosima** follow too closely, tailgate.

**seguensa** *vt.* sequence (*biochemistry*).

**seguente** *adj.* following, next, subsequent, consequent, consequential; consecutive, sequential, successive. ● *adv.*next. ● *n.* successor; sequel, follow-up; wake, wash (*ship*). ● *prep.* following, according to, pursuant to.**seguente de condensa** contrail, vapour (US vapor) trail. **tempo seguente** aftermath, wake.

**seguor** *n.* follower, acolyte; henchman; successor. **seguores** followers, entourage, retinue.

**seja** *n.* chair, seat (*including in an elected body*); constituency. **con du sejas** two-seater. **seja baldin** bucket seat. **seja jirante** swivel chair. **seja osilante** rocking chair, rocker. **seja portada** sedan chair, palanquin, litter. **seja reclinante** recliner, reclining chair, lounger, lazyboy. **seja retro** back seat. **seja rolante**wheelchair. **Seja Santa** Holy See. **seja sumerjinte** ducking stool, cucking stool; dunk tank.

**sejeta** *n.* small seat, stool. **sejeta de bar** barstool.

**sejon** *n.* armchair.

**sela** *n.* saddle. **sela de amazonas** sidesaddle. **sin sela** bareback.

**selable** *adj.* sealable.

**selaco** *n.* shark (*Selachimorpha*).

**seladon** *adj.* celadon (*colour*). ● *n.* celadon (*pottery*).

**-sele** *n.suff.* -coele (US -cele) (*medical*).

**selebra** *vt.* celebrate, rejoice, exult, revel in. ● *n.* celebration, party, gala, bash, prom, fete, festivity. **selebra a lus de candelas** candlelight ceremony. **selebra de casa nova** housewarming. **selebra de coctel** cocktail party. **selebra de sera** soirée. **selebra enebriada** *v.* carouse, binge. ● *n.* drunken revelry, bacchanal, bacchanalia. **selebra mascida** masquerade party.

**selebrada** *adj.* celebrated, renowned. ● *n.* celebrity (*person*).

**selebrante** *adj.* celebrating, jubilant.

**selebria** *n.* celebrity (*quality*).

**selebror** *n.* reveller (US reveler); celebrant.

**selenio** *n.* selenium (*element*).

**seleri** *n.* celery (*Apium graveolens*).

**seleria** *n.* saddlery (*place*).

**seleucan** *adj.* Seleucid (*dynasty*).

**selfi** *n.* selfie (*photo*).

**seli** *vt.* seal; stamp.

**seliaca** *n.* coeliac (US celiac) (*medical*).

**selinte** *adj.* sealing. ● *n.* sealant, caulk. **selinte contra fria** weatherstrip.

**selo** *n.* seal (*tight closure*, *wax*, *etc.*); signet; postage stamp. **selo postal** postage stamp.

**selobiosa** *n.* cellobiose (*sugar*).

**selofan** *n.* cellophane.

**selor** *n.* saddler.

**selula** *n.* cell (*biology*, *room*), cubicle. **selula de sangue** blood cell, corpuscle. **selula madrin** stem cell.

**selulal** *adj.* cellular.

**selulite** *n.* cellulitis.

**seluloide** *n.* celluloid (*plastic*).

**selulosa** *n.* cellulose.

**semador** *n.* seed drill, seeder.

**semafor** *n.* semaphore; traffic light, traffic signal.

**semafori** *vt.* semaphore; lock (*database*).

**semana** *n.* week. **du semanas** two weeks, fortnight. **en esta semana** this week. **en la semana ante esta**last week. **en la semana pos esta** next week. **en la semana presedente** last week; the previous week.**en la semana seguente** next week; the following week. **en un semana** during one week, in one week, within one week. **pos un semana** in one week, in one week’s time. **semana de labora** working week, workweek.

**semanal** *adj.* weekly.

**semantica** *n.* semantics.

**semantical** *adj.* semantic.

**sembla** *vt.* resemble; e.g. *lo sembla un roca*. ● *n.* resemblance.

**seme** *n.* seed; pip, pit, stone (*fruit*). **seme de pino** pine nut.

**sementi** *vt.* cement.

**semento** *n.* cement.

**semestre** *n.* semester, term.

**semetero** *n.* cemetery, graveyard, churchyard.

**semi**¹ *vt.* sow, seed. ● *n.* sowing.

**semi-**² *pref.* semi- (*half*). See *emi-, dui-*.

**semiacual** *adj.* semiaquatic.

**semianial** *adj.* semiannual, biannual (*twice a year*). ● *adv.* semiannually.

**semiase** *n.* semiaxis (*geometry*). **semiase major** semimajor axis (*astronomy*). **semiase minor** semiminor axis (*astronomy*).

**semiconduta** *vt.* semiconduct.

**semicondutador** *n.* semiconductor.

**semicondutante** *adj.* semiconducting, semiconductive.

**semideserto** *n.* semidesert.

**semidivin** *adj.* semidivine.

**semidulse** *adj.* semisweet.

**semifinal** *n.* semifinal, semi.

**semilicuida** *adj.* & *n.* semiliquid.

**semimensal** *adj.* semimonthly (*twice a month*). ● *adv.* twice a month.

**semin** *n.* semen, sperm.

**seminal** *adj.* seminal.

**seminar** *n.* seminar.

**seminario** *n.* seminary. **seminario iudi** Jewish seminary, yeshiva.

**seminariste** *n.* seminarian.

**semini** *vt.* inseminate. ● *n.* insemination.

**semiotica** *n.* semiotics.

**semiotical** *adj.* semiotic.

**semipermeable** *adj.* semipermeable.

**semiprivata** *adj.* semiprivate.

**semiprofesal** *adj.* semiprofessional.

**semiseca** *adj.* semiarid.

**semisirculo** *adj.* semicircular. ● *n.* semicircle.

**semisolida** *adj.* semisolid.

**semita** *adj.* Semitic. ● *n.* Semite.

**semitono** *n.* semitone.

**semitransparente** *adj.* semitransparent.

**semivaluosa** *adj.* semiprecious.

**semivocal** *adj.* semivocalic. ● *n.* semivowel.

**semola** *n.* semolina (*grains*, *dessert*).

**sempre** *adv.* always, forever, ever. **la plu bon de sempre** best ever. **la plu grande de sempre** largest ever.**no sempre** not always, not necessarily. **per sempre** forever. **sempre denova** again and again, time and again, time after time. **sempre min** ever less, less and less, decreasingly. **sempre plu** ever more, more and more, increasingly. **sempre presente** omnipresent, ubiquitous.

**sempreverde** *adj.* & *n.* evergreen.

**sena** *n.* scene. **sena miniatur** miniature scene, diorama. **sena retrospetante** flashback. **sena vivante**tableau.

**senario** *n.* script, screenplay, scenario.

**senariste** *n.* screenwriter, scriptwriter, scenarist.

**senato** *n.* senate.

**senator** *n.* senator.

**sene** *n.* ash, cinders. **senes** ashes, cinders.

**Senegal** *n.* Senegal.

**senegales** *adj.* & *n.* Senegalese.

**seneria** *n.* crematorium, crematory.

**senese** *vi.* age, become old, grow old. ● *vt.* age. ● *n.* old age, senescence, dotage.

**senesente** *adj.* ageing (US aging), aged, old, elderly, geriatric, senescent. ● *n.* old person, elderly person.

**senglar** *n.* wild boar (*Sus scrofa*).

**senglarin** *adj.* boarlike, boarish.

**seni** *vi.* & *vt.* cremate. ● *n.* cremation.

**senil** *adj.* senile.

**senilia** *n.* senility.

**senior** *n.* gentleman, lord, master; sir, sire (*form of address*). **Senior** *n.* Mr, Mister; Lord (*religious*). **senioras e seniores** ladies and gentlemen.

**seniora** *n.* lady; madam, ma’am (*form of address*). **Seniora** *n.* Mrs, Miss, Ms.

**senioreta** *n.* miss, Miss (*historical form of address for a girl or unmarried woman*).

**senioreto** *n.* master, Master (*historical form of address for a boy*).

**senioria** *n.* lordship, ladyship.

**seniorisme** *n.* manorialism (*feudal*).

**seno** *n.* breast (*mammary gland*). **a seno** at the breast, suckling. **senos** breasts, bosom, bust.

**senotafio** *n.* cenotaph.

**senozoica** *adj.* & *n.* Cenozoic (*geology*).

**sensa** *vt.* sense (*experience a sensation*). ● *n.* sense, sensation, feeling. **sensa comun** common sense. See *senti, sinifia*.

**sensador** *n.* sensor. **sensador de move** motion sensor.

**sensal** *adj.* sensory, sensuous, sensate.

**sensante** *adj.* sentient.

**sensorimotor** *adj.* sensorimotor (*nerve*).

**sensorio** *n.* sensorium (*sensory faculties*).

**sensosa** *adj.* sensitive (*to sensation*).

**sensosi** *vi.* & *vt.* sensitize.

**sensosia** *n.* sensitivity, sensibility, sensuality.

**sensura** *vt.* censor, expurgate, bowdlerize. ● *n.* censorship, expurgation, bowdlerization.

**sensuror** *n.* censor (*person*).

**senta** *vi.* sit. ● *vt.* seat, sit. **senta se** sit down.

**sentante** *adj.* sitting, seated, sedentary.

**sentauro** *n.* centaur. **Sentauro** *n.* Centaurus (*constellation*). **Alfa de la Sentauro** Alpha Centauri.

**sentenial** *adj.* centennial.

**sentenio** *n.* century.

**-sentese** *n.suff.* -centesis (*puncturing*).

**senti**¹ *vt.* feel, be aware of (*emotion*, *pain*); feel (*+ adjective*), consider oneself to be. ● *n.* feeling, sense. **senti ce on es felis** feel happy, consider oneself happy. **senti de bon umor** feel cheerful, consider oneself cheerful.**senti de ja videda** déjà vu. **senti felis** feel happy, consider oneself happy. **senti felisia** feel happiness. See *sensa*.

**senti**² *vi.* & *vt.* split into a hundred parts. ● *n.* hundredth (*fraction*). ● *pref.* centi- (*a hundredth*).

**sentigram** *n.* centigram.

**sentilitre** *n.* centilitre (US centiliter).

**sentim** *n.* cent, centime, penny, pfennig, pingin (*coin*).

**sentimetre** *n.* centimetre (US centimeter).

**sentina** *n.* bilge (*curved hull*, *compartment*).

**sento** *det.* (*a*) hundred. ● *adj.* hundredth (*ordinal*). **sentos** hundreds.

**sentopede** *n.* centipede (*Chilopoda*).

**sentosa** *adj.* sentimental, emotionally sensitive (*having strong or many feelings*).

**sentosia** *n.* sentimentalism, sensitivity.

**Sentrafrica** *n.* Central African Republic. See *Republica de Africa Sentral*.

**sentrafrican** *adj.* & *n.* Central African.

**sentral** *adj.* central, pivotal.

**sentri**¹ *vi.* & *vt.* centralize, centre (US center).

**sentri-**² *pref.* centri- (*central*).

**sentrifuga** *n.* centrifuge.

**sentrifugal** *adj.* centrifugal.

**sentrifugi** *vt.* centrifuge.

**sentriol** *n.* centriole (*biology*).

**sentripeta** *adj.* centripetal.

**sentrisme** *n.* centrism.

**sentriste** *adj.* & *n.* centrist.

**sentro** *n.* centre (US center); hub. **sentro comersial** shopping centre (US center), shopping mall. **sentro de blanco** bullseye. **sentro de recrea** recreation centre (US center), leisure centre (US center). **sentro de rexerca** research centre (US center), think tank. **sentro de site** downtown, centre (US center) city, city centre (US center). **sentro de table** centrepiece (US centerpiece). **sentro de telefonia** switchboard, telephone exchange. **sentro eletrical** power station, power plant.

**sentror** *n.* centre (US center), midfielder (*sport*).

**senturion** *n.* centurion.

**sepal** *n.* sepal (*botany*).

**separa** *vi.* separate, differentiate, discriminate, segregate, break up, secede. ● *vt.* separate, differentiate, discriminate, segregate, break up. ● *n.* separation, differentiation, discrimination, segregation; breakaway, breakup, secession.

**separada** *adj.* separate, distinct, discrete, independent, outlying. ● *adv.* separately, apart, asunder. ● *n.* outlier.

**separadisme** *n.* separatism, apartheid, segregationism.

**separadiste** *adj.* separatist, segregationist.

**separador** *n.* separator.

**sepe** *n.* hedge, hedgerow.

**sepi** *vt.* hedge.

**sepia** *adj.* & *n.* sepia (*colour*, *pigment*).

**sepida** *n.* cuttlefish (*Sepiida*).

**sepiolita** *n.* sepiolite, meerschaum (*substance*).

**sepse** *n.* sepsis, septicaemia (US septicemia). ● *n.suff.* -sepsis (*infection*).

**sepsi** *vi.* become septic, fester.

**sepsica** *adj.* septic. ● *adj.suff.* -septic.

**sera** *n.* evening, eve. **a esta sera** this evening, tonight. **a sera** in the evening. **a sera doman** tomorrow evening. **a sera ier** yesterday evening. **a sera oji** this evening, tonight. **la sera ante** the evening before, the eve of. **sera de Res** Epiphany Eve, Twelfth Night.

**serafin** *n.* seraph (*angel*). **serafines** seraphim.

**Seram** *n.* Seram (*island*). **Mar Seram** Sea of Seram.

**seramica** *adj.* ceramic. ● *n.* piece of pottery. **arte de seramica** ceramic art, pottery.

**seratonina** *n.* seratonin.

**serbatana** *n.* blowgun, blowpipe.

**Serbia** *n.* Serbia.

**serbsce** *adj.* Serbian. ● *n.* Serbian, Serb.

**serca** *n.* fence. **serca de palos** palisade. **sercas** fences, fencing.

**serci** *vt.* fence.

**sereal** *adj.* & *n.* cereal.

**serebral** *adj.* cerebral.

**serebreta** *n.* cerebellum.

**serebretal** *adj.* cerebellar.

**serebri** *vt.* rack one’s brain, think hard about, puzzle over.

**serebro** *n.* brain, cerebrum. **serebro fronte** forebrain. **serebro retro** hindbrain.

**serebrospinal** *adj.* cerebrospinal.

**serenada** *vt.* & *n.* serenade.

**serfia** *n.* serfdom.

**serfo** *n.* serf (*feudal*).

**seria** *adj.* serious, earnest, solemn, strict, responsible, stringent, weighty. ● *n.* seriousness, solemnity, gravity.**sin seria** frivolous.

**serial** *adj.* serial. ● *adv.* in series.

**serie** *n.* series, spate, succession. **en serie** in series, in sequence, running, consecutive, in a row. **serie de colonas** colonnade. **serie de imajes** series of images, slide show.

**serif** *n.* serif. **con serif** serif, serifed. **sin serif** sans serif.

**serigrafia** *n.* serigraphy (*art*).

**serigram** *n.* serigraph.

**serin** *n.* serin (*bird*: *Serinus*).

**serio** *n.* cerium (*element*).

**serisa** *n.* cherry (*fruit*).

**seriso** *n.* cherry (*tree*: *Cerasus*).

**sermon** *n.* sermon, homily.

**sermonor** *n.* preacher.

**sero** *n.* whey (*milk*); serum (*blood*). **sero de bur** buttermilk.

**serolojia** *n.* serology.

**serolojiste** *n.* serologist.

**serosa** *adj.* serous.

**serotonin** *n.* serotonin.

**serpe** *vi.* & *vt.* meander, snake, wind; wriggle, wiggle, writhe, slither. **serpe a via de** wriggle out of, weasel out of.

**serpente** *adj.* wriggling, wriggly. ● *n.* snake, serpent (*Serpentes*, *Ophidia*). **Serpente** *n.* Serpens (*constellation*).**serpente de mar** sea serpent, sea dragon.

**serpentin** *adj.* serpentine, meandering, convoluted, sinuous.

**serpentor** *n.* snake handler, snake charmer; snake eagle (*Circaetinae*). **Serpentor** *n.* Ophiuchus (*constellation*).

**serseta** *n.* teal (*bird*: *Anas crecca*).

**sersis** *n.* redbud, Judas tree (*Cercis*).

**serta** *adj.* certain, sure, secure, confident, assertive. ● *adv.* certainly, surely, definitely, assuredly.

**sertable** *adj.* checkable, verifiable.

**serti** *vi.* & *vt.* confirm, check, verify, assure, ensure, make sure, ascertain. ● *n.* confirmation, check, assurance.**serti de sona** sound check (*music*).

**sertia** *n.* certainty; assuredness, confidence.

**sertida** *adj.* checked, verified.

**serumen** *n.* earwax, cerumen.

**servador** *n.* server (*computer*, *utensil*). **servador ueb** web server.

**serval** *n.* serval (*wild cat*: *Leptailurus serval*).

**serveta** *n.* fawn, baby deer.

**servi** *vt.* serve (*master*, *customer*, *food*, *drink*); e.g. *servi algun con bir*; *servi bir a algun*. ● *n.* serving, service.**culier de servi** serving spoon. **plato de servi** serving dish, serving plate. **servi publica** service, (*public*) utility. **servi ueb** web service.

**servin** *adj.* deerlike.

**servo**¹ *n.* deer (*Cervidae*). **servo fema** doe, hind, female deer. **servo mas** buck, hart, stag, male deer.

**servo-**² *pref.* servo-.

**servomacina** *n.* servomechanism.

**servomotor** *n.* servomotor.

**servor** *n.* server, waiter, waitress, servant. **servor de casa** servant, domestic worker, maid, housemaid, houseboy. **servor de restorante** waiter, waitress. **servor de vesti** valet. **servor xef** headwaiter, maître d’.

**servorin** *adj.* servantlike, servile.

**ses** *det.* six. ● *adj.* sixth (*ordinal*).

**sesa** *vi.* & *vt.* cease, stop (*activity*, *oneself*), quit. ● *n.* cessation. **sin sesa** unceasing, incessant, continual, non-stop.

**sesal** *adj.* sexual, sensual, erotic, venereal.

**sesali** *vi.* & *vt.* sexualize. ● *n.* sexualization.

**sesalia** *n.* sexuality, sensuality.

**sesamo** *n.* sesame (*plant*, *seeds*: *Sesamum*).

**sesar** *n.* Caesar (*emperor*).

**sesarea** *n.* Caesarian (US Cesarian) section.

**sesaspara** *n.* ceasefire, truce, armistice.

**sesdes** *det.* sixty. ● *adj.* sixtieth (*ordinal*).

**sesdesi** *n.* sixtieth (*fraction*). ● *vi.* & *vt.* split into sixty. ● *n.* sixtieth (*fraction*).

**sesi** *vi.* & *vt.* split into six. ● *n.* sixth (*fraction*).

**sesia** *n.* sexuality (*orientation*).

**sesio** *n.* caesium (US cesium).

**sesion** *n.* section, segment; session.

**sesional** *adj.* sectional.

**sesioni** *vi.* & *vt.* section, segment, partition, dissect, articulate. ● *n.* dissection.

**sesionida** *adj.* sectioned, segmented, partitioned, dissected, articulated, jointed.

**sesisme** *n.* sexism.

**sesiste** *n.* sexist.

**sesjemelo** *adj.* & *n.* sextuplet.

**seso** *n.* sex, gender; sexual intercourse, lovemaking. **fa de seso** sex, lovemaking. **fa la seso** have sex, make love. **seso anal** anal sex. **seso bocal** oral sex.

**sesosa** *adj.* sexy, foxy. ● *n.* sexpot, sex bomb.

**sespe** *n.* turf, sod (*grassy ground*).

**sespeta** *n.* divot.

**sestante** *n.* sextant. **Sestante** *n.* Sextans (*constellation*).

**sesto** *n.* basket. **sesto de dejeta** wastebasket. **sesto de leva** banneton, brotform (*basket for shaping bread*).**sesto de pan** breadbasket. **sesto de pexa** fish basket, creel.

**sestodo** *n.* cestode, tapeworm (*Cestode*).

**sesuple** *adj.* sextuple. ● *n.* sextet.

**set** *n.* set (*tennis*, *etc.*).

**seta** *n.* sect.

**setal** *adj.* sectarian.

**setaseo** *adj.* & *n.* cetacean.

**sete** *det.* seven. ● *adj.* seventh (*ordinal*).

**setedes** *det.* seventy. ● *adj.* seventieth (*ordinal*).

**setedesi** *n.* seventieth (*fraction*).

**setejemelo** *n.* & *n.* septuplet.

**setembre** *n.* September.

**seti** *vi.* & *vt.* split into seven. ● *n.* seventh (*fraction*).

**setica** *adj.* sceptical (US skeptical). ● *n.* sceptic (US skeptic).

**seticisme** *n.* scepticism (US skepticism).

**setisme** *n.* sectarianism.

**Seto, Mar** *n.* Seto Inland Sea.

**setor** *n.* sector (*geometry*).

**setorino** *n.* basking shark (*Cetorhinus maximus*).

**setro** *n.* sceptre (US scepter).

**sever** *adj.* severe, stern, strict, harsh, acerbic, austere, ascetic, rigorous, draconian, mordant, trenchant, stark, stringent. **sever e subita** fulminating.

**severi** *vi.* & *vt.* harshen.

**severia** *n.* severity, strictness, harshness, austerity, rigour (US rigor).

**Sexeles** *n.pl.* Seychelles. **sexeles** *adj.* & *n.* Seychellois.

**sfenoide** *n.* sphenoid, sphenoid bone.

**sfera** *adj.* spherical. ● *n.* sphere, orb. **sfera de sielo** celestial sphere.

**sferin** *adj.* spheroid, spherelike, roundish.

**sfigmometre** *n.* sphygmomanometer, blood-pressure gauge.

**sfinje** *n.* sphinx.

**sfinter** *n.* sphincter (*anatomy*).

**si**¹ *subord.* if, as long as, provided that. — When *if* means *whether*, the translation is *esce*: *me no sabe esce me pote*. **estra si** except if, unless. **si … no** if … not, unless; e.g. *on no pote aida si on no partisipa*. **si no** if not, otherwise, else. **si sola** if only. **si tal** if so.

**si**² *interj.* yes, indeed, yeah, yay, yea; (*question tag*) is it?, do you?, have they? (*etc.*, *typically implying some uncertainty*). See *no*.

**si**³ *n.* si, ti (*musical note*).

**sian** *adj.* & *n.* cyan, aqua.

**siani** *vi.* & *vi.* turn cyan.

**sianido** *n.* cyanide.

**sianogram** *n.* blueprint.

**sianose** *n.* cyanosis (*medical*).

**siatica** *adj.* sciatic (*anatomy*).

**siber-** *pref.* cyber-.

**sibercaferia** *n.* cybercafe.

**sibercrimin** *n.* cybercrime.

**sibercriminal** *n.* cybercriminal.

**sibernetica** *n.* cybernetics.

**sibernetical** *adj.* cybernetic.

**siberspasio** *n.* cyberspace.

**sibila** *vt.* & *n.* whistle.

**sibileta** *n.* whistle, penny whistle.

**sibilor** *n.* whistler (*bird*: *Pachycephalinae*).

**Sibir** *n.* Siberia. **Mar Sibir Este** East Siberian Sea.

**sibirsce** *adj.* & *n.* Siberian.

**sibola** *n.* scallion (*onion*).

**siboleta** *n.* chive, chives (*Allium schoenoprasum*).

**siborge** *n.* cyborg.

**siborgio** *n.* seaborgium (*element*).

**Sibuyan, Mar** *n.* Sibuyan Sea.

**sic** *adj.* & *n.* Sikh.

**sicada** *n.* cycad (*plant*: *Cycadales*).

**sicadela** *n.* leafhopper (*insect*: *Cicadella*).

**sicala** *n.* cicada (*insect*: *Cicadomorpha*).

**sicatris** *n.* scar, cicatrix.

**sicatrisi** *vi.* & *vt.* scar, scarify, cicatrize.

**sicisme** *n.* Sikhism (*religion*).

**siclamen** *n.* cyclamen (*plant*: *Cyclamen*).

**sicle** *adj.* cyclic, cyclical, looping. ● *n.* cycle, loop; bike. **sicle vil** vicious circle. **sicle virtuosa** virtuous circle.

**sicli** *vi.* & *vt.* cycle, loop.

**siclido** *n.* cichlid (*fish*: *Cichlidae*).

**siclin** *adj.* cyclic.

**siclioforo** *n.* cycliophor (*organism*: *Cycliophora*).

**siclisme** *n.* cycling, bicycling (*sport*, *pastime*).

**sicliste** *n.* cyclist.

**siclon** *n.* cyclone, typhoon, hurricane.

**siclope** *n.* cyclops (*mythology*, *crustacean*: *Cyclops*).

**siclotron** *n.* cyclotron (*particle accelerator*).

**siconia** *n.* stork (*Ciconiidae*).

**side**¹ *adj.* thirsty. **side per sangue** bloodthirsty.

**-side**² *n.suff.* -cide (*killing*).

**sidi** *vi.* thirst, become thirsty. ● *vt.* make thirsty.

**sidia** *n.* thirst.

**sido** *abbr.* (*sindrom de imunodebilia otenida*) AIDS.

**sidra** *n.* cider (*alcoholic or not*).

**sieca** *adj.* blind. **partal sieca** partially blind, purblind. **sieca a blu** tritanopic. **sieca a color** colour-blind (US color-blind), achromatic, monochromatic. **sieca a leteras major** case-blind, case-insensitive. **sieca a roja**protanopic. **sieca a verde** deuteranopic.

**sieci** *vi.* go blind. ● *vt.* blind, dazzle.

**siecia** *n.* blindness.

**sielal** *adj.* celestial, heavenly (*of the sky*).

**sielin** *adj.* heavenly (*like heaven*).

**sielo** *n.* sky, firmament; heaven. **su sielo** *adj.* open-air, outdoor. ● *adv.* outside, outdoors, in the open air, al fresco.

**siena** *adj.* & *n.* sienna (*colour*). **siena ardeda** burnt sienna. **siena cru** raw sienna.

**siensa** *n.* science. **siensa de atmosfera** atmospheric science. **siensas umana** human sciences, humanities.

**siensal** *adj.* scientific.

**siensiste** *n.* scientist, boffin.

**sientolojia** *n.* scientology (*religion*).

**sientolojiste** *n.* scientologist.

**siera** *n.* saw (*tool*). **siera alternante** jigsaw (*power*), scroll saw, sabresaw, reciprocating saw. **siera arcin**bowsaw. **siera cuadro** whipsaw, pit saw, two-man saw. **siera de banda** band saw. **siera de detalia**jigsaw (*hand*). **siera de junta** mitre (US miter) saw. **siera de mano** handsaw. **siera de table** table saw.**Siera Leon** Sierra Leone. **siera per metal** hacksaw. **siera radial** radial saw. **siera sirculo** circular saw, power saw.

**sieraleonian** *adj.* & *n.* Sierra Leonean.

**siereria** *n.* sawmill.

**sieri** *vt.* saw. ● *n.* sawing.

**sieribuco** *n.* hole saw.

**siericurva** *n.* coping saw, fretsaw.

**sierin** *adj.* jagged, serrated, toothlike, sawtooth.

**sierini** *vi.* & *vt.* serrate.

**sieror** *n.* sawyer.

**sifilis** *n.* syphilis (*medical*).

**sifilisica** *adj.* syphilitic.

**sifon** *n.* siphon.

**sifoni** *vt.* siphon.

**sifra** *n.* code, cipher.

**sifri** *vt.* encode, encipher, encrypt. ● *n.* encryption, encoding.

**sigar** *n.* cigar.

**sigareta** *n.* cigarette, fag. **sigareta de canaba** cannabis cigarette, reefer.

**sigma** *n.* sigma (*Greek letter*).

**sigmoide** *adj.* sigmoid. ● *n.* sigmoid colon (*anatomy*).

**sil** *n.* lash, eyelash.

**silaba** *n.* syllable.

**silabal** *adj.* syllabic.

**silabario** *n.* syllabary.

**silentador** *n.* silencer, muffler.

**silente** *adj.* silent, quiet, mute.

**silenti** *vi.* fall silent, be quiet, say nothing, shut up. ● *vt.* hush.

**silentia** *n.* silence.

**sili** *vt.* silo, store in a silo.

**silica** *n.* silica, silicon dioxide.

**silicato** *n.* silicate.

**silico** *n.* silicon (*element*).

**silicon** *n.* silicone (*substance*).

**silicosa** *adj.* siliceous.

**silida** *n.* silage.

**silindre** *adj.* cylindrical. ● *n.* cylinder; canister.

**silio** *n.* cilium (pl. cilia) (*biology*).

**silo** *n.* silo. **silo de misil** missile silo.

**silueta** *vt.* & *n.* silhouette.

**silurian** *adj.* & *n.* Silurian (*geology*).

**sim-** *pref.* sym- (*together*).

**simbal** *n.* cymbal (*musical instrument*).

**simbiose** *n.* symbiosis.

**simbiosica** *adj.* symbiotic. ● *n.* symbiont.

**simbol** *n.* symbol, sign, token. **simboles** symbols, notation.

**simboli** *vt.* symbolize. ● *n.* symbolization.

**simbolin** *adj.* symbolic.

**simbolisme** *n.* symbolism, imagery.

**simbolojia** *n.* symbology.

**simense** *n.* siemens (*unit of conductance*).

**simetre** *adj.* symmetrical.

**simetria** *n.* symmetry.

**simfito** *n.* sawfly (*Symphyta*).

**simfonia** *n.* symphony.

**simfonial** *adj.* symphonic.

**simfonin** *adj.* symphonic.

**simia** *n.* monkey, small primate (*Simiiformes*, but not *Hominoidea*). **simia afrasian** Old World monkey (*Cercopithecoidea*). **simia american** New World monkey (*Platyrrhini*).

**simial** *adj.* simian.

**simil** *adj.* similar, alike, kindred, akin. ● *adv.* similarly, in a similar way. **o simil** or so, or thereabouts, or something like that.

**similador** *n.* simulator.

**simili** *vi.* & *vt.* simulate. ● *n.* simulation, simulacrum, likeness.

**similia** *n.* similarity, similitude.

**simitar** *n.* scimitar (*sword*).

**simonia** *n.* simony (*profiting from sacred things*).

**simpatia** *n.* fellow-feeling, mutual liking, affinity, rapport; being on the same wavelength.

**simpatica** *adj.* sympathetic (*technical senses*).

**simpatiosa** *adj.* sympathetic (*feeling rapport*, *not pity*).

**simple** *adj.* simple, rudimentary, mere; uncomplicated, plain, straightforward, simplex, simplistic. ● *adv.* simply, merely.

**simpli** *vi.* & *vt.* simplify; streamline. ● *n.* simplification.

**simplia** *n.* simplicity.

**simultan** *adj.* simultaneous, concurrent. ● *adv.* simultaneously, in unison.

**simultania** *n.* simultaneity, synchronicity, unison.

**sin**¹ *prep.* without; lacking, devoid of; e.g. *cafe sin lete*; *tu viaja sin bileta*; *leje sin comprende la sinifia*. **sin ce**without; e.g. *la gato entra la sala sin ce algun vide lo*.

**sin-**² *pref.* syn- (*together*).

**Sina** *n.* Sinai, Sinai Peninsula.

**sinabar** *n.* cinnabar (*mineral*).

**sinagoga** *n.* synagogue.

**sinala** *adj.* & *n.* Sinhala, Sinhalese (*person*, *language*).

**sinapsal** *adj.* synaptic.

**sinapse** *n.* synapse (*biology*).

**sinci** *vi.* & *vt.* split into five. ● *n.* fifth (*fraction*).

**sincim** *n.* twenty-pence piece, twenty-cent piece (*coin*).

**sinclo** *n.* dipper (*bird*: *Cinclus*).

**sinclosoma** *n.* whipbird (*Cinclosomatidae*).

**sinco** *det.* five. ● *adj.* fifth (*ordinal*).

**sincodes** *det.* fifty. ● *adj.* fiftieth (*ordinal*).

**sincodesi** *n.* fiftieth (*fraction*).

**sincojemelo** *adj.* & *n.* quintuplet.

**sincopa** *vt.* syncopate. ● *n.* syncopation (*music*).

**sincrona** *adj.* synchronous, synchronic, in sync. ● *n.* synchronism.

**sincroni** *vi.* synchronize, sync; entrain (*biology*). ● *vt.* synchronize, sync, entrain. ● *n.* synchronization, sync.

**sincuple** *adj.* quintuple. ● *n.* quintet.

**sindi** *adj.* & *n.* Sindhi (*person*, *language*).

**sindicati** *vi.* & *vt.* syndicate, unionize. ● *n.* syndication.

**sindicatisme** *n.* unionism, syndicalism.

**sindicatiste** *n.* unionist, syndicalist.

**sindicato** *n.* syndicate, labour (US labor) union, trade union, guild.

**sindrom** *n.* syndrome, disorder. **sindrom de angusa pos trauma** post-traumatic stress disorder. **sindrom de Down** Down syndrome, Down’s syndrome. **sindrom de imunodebilia otenida** acquired immune deficiency syndrome, AIDS. **sindrom de osese e compulsa** obsessive-compulsive disorder.

**sinema** *n.* cinema, movie theatre (US theater). **fan de sinema** moviegoer, film fan, cinema fan. **sinema de casa** home theatre (US theater), home cinema.

**sinemafilia** *n.* cinemaphilia, love of movies.

**sinemafilica** *n.* moviegoer, film fan, cinema fan, lover of movies.

**sinematografia** *n.* cinematography, filmmaking, moviemaking.

**sinematografial** *adj.* cinematographic.

**sinematografiste** *n.* cinematographer, filmmaker, moviemaker.

**sinemiste** *n.* cinematographer, filmmaker, moviemaker.

**sinerjia** *n.* synergy.

**sinerjial** *adj.* synergetic, synergistic.

**sinestesia** *n.* synaesthesia (US synesthesia).

**Singapor** *n.* Singapore. **singapor** *adj.* & *n.* Singaporean.

**singular** *adj.* singular. ● *n.* singular; single (*music*).

**singularia** *n.* singularity.

**sinia** *vt.* signal, signify, denote (*be a sign of*); sign (*use sign language*). ● *n.* sign, emblem; character (*typography*); signal. **sinia de “a”** at sign. **sinia de “e”** ampersand. **sinia de ajunta** plus sign. **sinia de daga** dagger, obelus. **sinia de demanda** question mark. **sinia de divide** division sign. **sinia de dolar**dollar sign. **sinia de egalia** equals sign. **sinia de elidi** apostrophe. **sinia de esclama** exclamation mark, exclamation point. **sinia de inferioria** less-than sign. **sinia de inferioria o egalia** less-than-or-equal sign. **sinia de junta** hyphen, dash. **sinia de multipli** multiplication sign. **sinia de numero** number sign.**sinia de omete** caret, omission mark. **sinia de paund** pound sign (*currency*). **sinia de puntua**punctuation mark. **sinia de radis** root sign. **sinia de repete** ditto, ditto mark. **sinia de serti** checkmark, tick. **sinia de sita** quotation mark. **sinia de stela** asterisk. **sinia de superioria** greater-than sign. **sinia de superioria o egalia** greater-than-or-equal sign. **sinia de sutrae** minus sign. **sinia de tabli** tab character. **sinia de tempo** time signature (*music*). **sinia negativa** negative sign, minus sign. **sinia positiva** positive sign, plus sign. **sinia secreta** secret sign, password. **sinia V** V-sign (*victory*, *insult*).**sinias de tonalia** key signature (*music*). See *bretsel*, *caracol*, *ifen*.

**sinial** *n.* signal (*electric*, *radio*, *etc.*); cue. **sinial luminante** flare.

**siniali** *vt.* signal (*transmit a signal*); cue.

**siniante** *adj.* denoting, emblematic.

**sinica** *adj.* cynical. ● *n.* cynic.

**sinicisme** *n.* cynicism.

**sinie** *n.* swan (*Cygnus*). **Sinie** *n.* Cygnus.

**sinieta**¹ *n.* cygnet.

**sinieta**² *n.* accent, diacritic, diacritical mark. **sinieta agu** acute accent. **sinieta corta** breve. **sinieta longa**macron. **sinieta nonagu** grave accent.

**sinifia** *vt.* mean, signify. ● *n.* meaning, sense, purport. **sin sinifia** meaningless, senseless.

**sinifiosa** *adj.* meaningful, significant, momentous.

**sinistra** *adj.* left (*not right*); port. ● *n.* left. **a sinistra** on the left. **a sinistra de** on the left of.

**sinistrisme** *n.* leftism.

**sinistriste** *adj.* left-wing, leftist. ● *n.* left-winger, leftist.

**sinodo** *n.* synod (*Christianity*).

**sinonim** *adj.* synonymous. ● *n.* synonym.

**sinonimia** *n.* synonymy.

**sinovia** *n.* synovial fluid (*biology*).

**sinovial** *adj.* synovial. ● *n.* synovium, synovial membrane (*biology*).

**sinsera** *adj.* sincere, genuine, true, committed, whole-hearted, without hypocrisy, without pretence (US pretense).

**sinseria** *n.* sincerity, commitment.

**sinta** *n.* ribbon, tape. **sinta aderente** adhesive tape, sticky tape, Sellotape, Scotch tape. **sinta de libro**bookmark.

**sintatica** *n.* syntax.

**sintatical** *adj.* syntactic, syntactical.

**sintesador** *n.* synthesizer, synth. **sintesador de vose** vocoder.

**sintesal** *adj.* synthetic.

**sintese** *vt.* synthesize. ● *n.* synthesis.

**sinteseda** *adj.* synthetic, synthesized.

**sintil** *n.* spark, scintilla.

**sintili** *vi.* scintillate, spark, sparkle, twinkle, glimmer, shimmer, glisten, glint, glitter, gleam. ● *n.* sparkle, twinkle, scintillation, gleam.

**sintilinte** *adj.* sparkling, sparkly, twinkling, glistening, glittery.

**sintom** *n.* symptom.

**sintomal** *adj.* symptomatic.

**sintomolojia** *n.* symptomatology.

**sintur** *n.* belt, cincture, sash, strap. **sintur de muni** ammunition belt, ammo belt. **sintur de securia** safety belt. **sintur verde** greenbelt.

**sintureta** *n.* watchband, watchstrap; armband.

**sinturi** *vt.* belt, strap.

**sinturin** *adj.* beltlike, straplike.

**sinus** *n.* sinus (*anatomy*); sine (*mathematics*).

**sinusite** *n.* sinusitis (*medical*).

**Sion** *n.* Zion. **Monte Sion** Mount Zion.

**sionisme** *n.* Zionism.

**sioniste** *adj.* & *n.* Zionist.

**sipero** *n.* sedge, bulrush (*plant*: *Cyperaceae*).

**sipres** *n.* cypress (*tree*: *Cupressaceae*).

**sipunculo** *n.* sipunculid (*worm*: *Sipuncula*).

**Sir** *n.* Sir (*knight’s title*).

**sira** *n.* wax. **sira de abea** beeswax. **sira per brilia** polish.

**sirca** *prep.* • around, round, surrounding, circling; e.g. *nos ia senta sirca la foco*; *edera crese sirca la tronco*; *me viaja sirca la mundo*. • about, approximately, circa, some; e.g. *a sirca sento anios ante aora*; *la conserta ia comensa sirca la ora dudes*. **a sirca** *prep.* (*moving*) to around. ● *adv.* (*positioned or moving*) around; dotted about, here and there.

**sircadial** *adj.* circadian (*biology*).

**sirco**¹ *n.* circus.

**sirco-**² *pref.* circum- (*around*).

**sircoflexe** *n.* circumflex (*diacritic*).

**sirconaviga** *vt.* circumnavigate. ● *n.* circumnavigation.

**sircopolal** *adj.* circumpolar.

**sircoscrive** *vt.* circumscribe.

**sircoside** *vt.* circumcise. ● *n.* circumcision.

**sircoveni** *vt.* bypass, circumvent, work around. ● *n.* circumvention.

**sircuito** *n.* circuit (*electric path*). **con sircuito permanente** hardwired. **sircuito corta** short circuit.**sircuito integrada** integrated circuit. **sircuito primida** printed circuit board. **sircuitos** circuit, circuitry (*components forming an electric path*).

**sirculi** *vi.* circle, wheel; circulate; mill around. ● *vt.* circulate (*air*, *information*). ● *n.* circulation.

**sirculo** *adj.* circular. ● *n.* circle (*including of friends*); circuit (*not electric*). **sirculo de trafica** roundabout, traffic circle.

**sirculor** *n.* harrier (*bird*: *Circinae*, *Polyboroidinae*).

**sirena** *n.* siren.

**sirfido** *n.* hoverfly (*Syrphidae*).

**sirin** *adj.* waxy.

**siringa** *n.* syringe.

**siringi** *vt.* syringe.

**sirinje** *n.* syrinx (*anatomy*).

**siripede** *n.* barnacle (*crustacean*: *Cirripedia*).

**siro** *adj.* & *n.* cirrus (*cloud*).

**sirose** *n.* cirrhosis (*medical*).

**sirsacar** *n.* seersucker (*fabric*).

**Sirte** *n.* Sirte, Surt, Syrte. **Golfo Sirte** Gulf of Sirte, Gulf of Sidra.

**sirurjia** *n.* surgery. **sirurjia de cor abrida** open-heart surgery. **sirurjia plastica** plastic surgery.

**sirurjial** *adj.* surgical.

**sirurjiste** *n.* surgeon. **sirurjiste plastica** plastic surgeon.

**sis-** *pref.* cis- (*on this side*).

**sisa** *vt.* & *n.* hiss; whizz, zip, zap.

**sisal** *n.* sisal (*plant*: *Agave sisalana*).

**sisante** *adj.* hissing, sibilant. ● *n.* sibilant (*consonant*).

**sisel** *n.* chisel. **Sisel** *n.* Caelum (*constellation*).

**siseli** *vt.* chisel, carve. ● *n.* carving.

**siselor** *n.* woodcarver.

**Sisilia** *n.* Sicily. **Streta Sisilia** Strait of Sicily.

**sisilian** *adj.* & *n.* Sicilian.

**sisjenero** *adj.* cisgender.

**sismica** *adj.* seismic.

**sismograf** *n.* seismograph.

**sismografia** *n.* seismography.

**sismogram** *n.* seismogram.

**sismolojia** *n.* seismology.

**sismolojiste** *n.* seismologist.

**sisor** *n.* scissor, scissors.

**sisori** *vt.* cut, snip, trim.

**sisoron** *n.* shears.

**sistal** *adj.* cystic.

**siste** *n.* cyst (*biology*, *medical*).

**sistem** *n.* system. **sistem de arcivi** filing system (*physical*). **sistem de dijesta** digestive system. **sistem de fix** file system, filing system (*software*). **sistem de maneja contenidas** content management system.**sistem de nervos** nervous system. **sistem de opera** operating system (*software*). **sistem de reprodui**reproductive system. **sistem de scrive** writing system, script. **sistem de sirculi** circulatory system.**sistem de valua local** positional notation, place-value notation (*numerals*). **sistem dinamical** dynamical system. **sistem legal** legal system, jurisprudence. **sistem solal** solar system. **sistem vocal** vowel system, vocalism.

**sistemal** *adj.* systemic.

**sistemosa** *adj.* systematic, regular.

**sisti** *vt.* encyst.

**sisticola** *n.* cisticola (*bird*: *Cisticola*).

**sistite** *n.* cystitis (*medical*).

**sisto** *n.* cistus, rockrose (*plant*: *Cistus*).

**sistolal** *adj.* systolic.

**sistole** *n.* systole (*biology*).

**sistre** *n.* cittern (*musical instrument*).

**sita**¹ *vt.* quote, cite, adduce. ● *n.* quotation, citation. **sita jusosa** sound bite.

**sita**² *n.* nuthatch (*bird*: *Sitta*).

**sitadan** *n.* citizen, national. **sitadan a stranjer** expatriate, expat. **sitadan comun** ordinary citizen, commoner.

**sitadani** *vi.* naturalize, become a citizen. ● *vt.* naturalize, admit to citizenship. ● *n.* naturalization.

**sitadania** *n.* citizenship.

**sitar** *n.* sitar (*musical instrument*).

**site**¹ *n.* city; e.g. *la site Moscva*. **site constituida** chartered city. **site-stato** *n.* city-state. See *urbe*.

**-site**² *n.suff.* -cyte (*cell*).

**sitela** *n.* sittella (*bird*: *Daphoenositta*).

**siteta** *n.* sound bite.

**sito-** *pref.* cyto- (*cell*).

**sitolojia** *n.* cytology.

**sitolojial** *adj.* cytological.

**sitolojiste** *n.* cytologist.

**sitoplasma** *n.* cytoplasm (*biology*).

**sitosceleto** *n.* cytoskeleton (*biology*).

**sitra** *n.* zither (*musical instrument*).

**sitrica** *adj.* citric, citrous.

**sitron** *n.* citron (*tree*, *fruit*: *Citrus medica*).

**sitronela** *n.* citronella (*plant*, *oil*).

**situa** *vt.* situate, site, locate. ● *n.* situation, site, context, circumstance. **mal situa** bad situation, plight.

**situada** *adj.* situated, located. **bon situada** convenient, opportune. **es situada** be situated. **mal situada**inconvenient, inopportune.

**siverte** *n.* sievert (*unit of radiation*).

**siveta** *n.* civet (*animal*: *Viverridae*).

**sivil** *adj.* civil, civilized; civilian. ● *n.* civilian.

**sivili** *vi.* & *vt.* civilize. ● *n.* civilization (*action*).

**sivilia** *n.* civilization (*society*, *concept*). **Sivilia de la Vale Indo** Indus Valley Civilization. **Sivilia Minoan**Minoan Civilization.

**sivilida** *adj.* civilized.

**sizijia** *n.* syzygy (*astronomy*).

**sizijio** *n.* clove (*tree*, *spice*: *Syzygium aromaticum*).

**Skakerrak** *n.* Skakerrak (*strait*).

**slalom** *n.* slalom (*sport*).

**slavica** *adj.* Slavic. ● *n.* Slav, Slavic.

**slip** *n.* briefs (*garment*). **slip de fem** knickers, panties. **slip de nada** speedos, swim briefs. **slip de om** Y-fronts, jockey shorts.

**slogan** *n.* slogan, motto, legend.

**sloganor** *n.* sloganeer.

**Slovenia** *n.* Slovenia.

**slovenian** *adj.* & *n.* Slovenian.

**slovensce** *adj.* & *n.* Slovak, Slovakian.

**Slovensco** *n.* Slovakia.

**slup** *n.* sloop (*boat*).

**smegma** *n.* smegma (*biology*).

**smilax** *n.* smilax, sarsaparilla, greenbrier (*plant*: *Smilax*).

**smilodon** *n.* smilodon, sabretooth (US sabertooth) (*cat*, *tiger*: *Smilodon*).

**smorgasbord** *n.* smorgasbord (*food*).

**snaps** *n.* schnapps (*drink*).

**soborna** *vt.* bribe, suborn. ● *n.* bribe, bribery, inducement, kickback, payoff.

**sobornable** *adj.* bribable, venal.

**sobre** *adj.* sober.

**sobria** *n.* sobriety.

**sobrin** *n.* niece or nephew.

**sobrina** *n.* niece.

**sobrino** *n.* nephew.

**socratal** *adj.* Socratic.

**Socrate** *n.* Socrates (*philosopher*).

**soda** *n.* soda, soda water, seltzer.

**sodio** *n.* sodium.

**sodomia** *vt.* sodomize, bugger. ● *n.* sodomy, buggery.

**sodomiste** *n.* sodomite.

**sofa** *n.* sofa, couch, settee. **sofa-leto** *n.* sofa bed, daybed. **sofa sin dorso** divan.

**-sofia** *n.suff.* -sophy (*wisdom*).

**sofisme** *n.* sophism, sophistry, casuistry.

**sofiste** *n.* sophist.

**sofistica** *vt.* sophisticate. ● *n.* sophistication, elegance.

**sofisticada** *adj.* sophisticated, elegant, chic, classy, debonair, highbrow, rakish, urbane. ● *n.* sophisticate.

**sofito** *n.* ceiling; soffit.

**sofla** *vi.* blow, waft; chuff (*engine*). ● *vt.* blow (*air*), huff. ● *n.* blow, waft. **sofla de vitro** glassblowing.

**soflada** *adj.* blown. **soflada par venta** windblown.

**soflador** *n.* blower, bellows.

**sofleta** *vi.* puff, whiffle; chug (*engine*). ● *n.* puff.

**soflon** *n.* gust.

**soflor** *n.* blower. **soflor de vitro** glassblower.

**sofoca** *vi.* suffocate, choke. ● *vt.* suffocate, choke, smother, stifle. ● *n.* suffocation. **sofoca de caldia** swelter.

**soia** *n.* soya, soybean (*plant*, *seed*: *Glycine max*). **salsa de soia** soy sauce, soya sauce. **seme de soia** soybean, soya bean.

**sol**¹ *n.* sun.

**sol**² *adj.* & *n.* soul (*music*).

**sol**³ *n.* sol, so (*musical note*).

**sola** *adj.* (*prenominal*) only, sole, single. ● *adv.* only, just, solely, exclusively. **sola si** provided that, on condition that.

**solal** *adj.* solar.

**solano** *n.* nightshade, horsenettle (*plant*: *Solanum*). **solano negra** black nightshade (*Solanum nigrum*).

**solda** *vt.* solder, weld.

**soldador** *n.* soldering iron.

**soldato** *n.* soldier. **soldato de pede** infantryman, infantry soldier. **soldato montante** cavalryman, trooper.**soldatos** soldiers, troops.

**soldi** *n.* Sunday. **soldi de pentecoste** Whit Sunday.

**soldor** *n.* solderer, welder.

**soldura** *n.* solder.

**solea** *n.* sole (*fish*: *Soleidae*, *Pleuronetidae*, *Bothidae*). **solea american** American sole (*Achiridae*).

**solenoide** *n.* solenoid.

**soleria** *n.* solarium.

**solfejo** *n.* solfeggio, solfège, sol-fa (*music*).

**soli** *vt.* sun. **soli se** sun oneself, sunbathe.

**solida** *adj.* & *n.* solid.

**solidi** *vi.* & *vt.* solidify; consolidate. ● *n.* solidification; consolidation.

**solidia** *n.* solidity, integrity.

**solipsisme** *n.* solipsism.

**solipsiste** *adj.* solipsistic. ● *n.* solipsist.

**solisita** *vt.* ask for, solicit, request, apply for. ● *n.* request, requisition, solicitation; petition, application.

**solisitor** *n.* requester, canvasser.

**soliste** *n.* soloist. **soliste de gitar** lead guitarist.

**solitar** *adj.* solitary, alone, lone, lonely, lonesome, isolated, reclusive. ● *adv.* in itself, in themselves, by itself, by themselves (*etc.*). ● *n.* loner, isolate, recluse.

**solitaria** *n.* solitude, loneliness, isolation; solitary confinement.

**solo**¹ *n.* floor, ground. **solo caldinte** heated floor, underfloor heating. **solo de tera** soil, earth. **solo fertil**fertile soil; hotbed.

**solo**² *adj.* solo (*alone*). ● *n.* solo (*music*).

**Solomon** *n.* Solomon. **Isolas Solomon** Solomon Islands. **Mar Solomon** Solomon Sea.

**solomones** *adj.* & *n.* Solomon Islander.

**solosa**¹ *adj.* sunny.

**solosa**² *adj.* earthy.

**solstisio** *n.* solstice. **solstisio de estate** summer solstice. **solstisio de inverno** winter solstice.

**solvable** *adj.* solvable, soluble, solvent.

**solvablia** *n.* solvency.

**solve** *vt.* solve, unravel. ● *n.* solution. **solve bela** elegant solution.

**solvor** *n.* troubleshooter.

**soma**¹ *vi.* & *vt.* add up (*numbers*). ● *n.* sum, total, addition, summation.

**soma**² *n.* soma (*drink*).

**somali** *adj.* & *n.* Somali, Somalian.

**Somalia** *n.* Somalia.

**somatotropina** *n.* somatotropin, human growth hormone.

**sombre** *adj.* sombre (US somber), bleak, gloomy, dismal, dull, drab, dreary, dingy, dour, grim, lugubrious, downbeat, downcast, saturnine, unsmiling, humourless (US humorless).

**sombrero** *n.* sombrero (*hat*).

**sombria** *n.* sombreness (US somberness), bleakness, gloom, gloominess, dreariness.

**sona** *vi.* sound, ring, chime. ● *vt.* sound (*alarm*, *horn*), ring (*bell*). ● *n.* sound. **sin sona** soundless, noiseless.**sona de paso** footstep. **sona de velia** reveille. **sona vocal** vowel sound, vocalism.

**sonal** *adj.* sound, sonic.

**sonambula** *vi.* sleepwalk. ● *n.* sleepwalking, somnambulism, noctambulation.

**sonambulor** *n.* sleepwalker, somnambulist, noctambulist.

**sonante** *adj.* sounding, sonorant. ● *n.* sonorant (*phonetics*). **bon sonante** good-sounding, euphonious, mellifluous. **mal sonante** bad-sounding, cacophonous.

**sonar** *n.* sonar.

**sonata** *n.* sonata (*music*).

**sonda** *vt.* & *n.* probe, survey, poll. **sonda a sorti** exit poll. **sonda de opina** opinion poll. **sonda spasial** space probe.

**soneto** *n.* sonnet (*poetry*).

**sonia** *vt.* & *n.* dream.

**sonin** *adj.* dreamlike, phantamagorical. **sonines** phantasmagorica.

**sonior** *n.* dreamer.

**soniosa** *adj.* dreamy.

**sopa** *n.* soup. **sopa clar** clear soup, consommé. **sopa de bivalvo** clam soup. **sopa de col** cabbage soup. **sopa de fava** bean soup. **sopa de filos de ovo** egg drop soup, egg flower soup. **sopa de gal** chicken soup. **sopa de gombo** gumbo. **sopa de lentil** lentil soup. **sopa de onion** onion soup. **sopa de patata** potato soup.**sopa de pavo** turkey soup. **sopa de pex** fish soup. **sopa de poro** leak soup. **sopa de talietas** noodle soup. **sopa de tomate** tomato soup. **sopa de vejetal** vegetable soup, minestrone. **sopa de xampinion**mushroom soup. **sopa ragin** potage.

**soprano** *adj.* & *n.* soprano.

**sorbe** *vt.* sip, sup. ● *n.* sip. **sorbe ruidosa** *v.* & *n.* slurp.

**sorbete** *n.* sorbet, sherbet (*dessert*).

**sorbo** *n.* rowan (*tree*: *Sorbus*).

**sorda** *adj.* deaf.

**sordador** *n.* mute (*musical device*).

**sordi** *vi.* go deaf. ● *vt.* deafen.

**sordia** *n.* deafness.

**sore** *n.* sister (*including nun*). **sore par sposi** sister-in-law.

**soreria** *n.* sisterhood, sorority (*organization*); convent, cloister, nunnery.

**soreta** *n.* younger sister.

**sorgo** *n.* sorghum (*plant*: *Sorghum*).

**soria** *n.* sisterhood, sisterliness.

**sorin** *adj.* sisterly.

**soron** *n.* older sister.

**sorsor** *n.* witch, wizard, warlock, sorcerer, sorceress. **sorsor fema** sorceress, witch. **sorsor mas** sorcerer, wizard, warlock.

**sorsoria** *n.* sorcery, witchcraft, wizardry, witchery.

**sorti** *vi.* go out, get out, exit, leave, evacuate; e.g. *el sorti de la casa*. ● *vt.* evacuate (*people from a place*), cause to exit. ● *n.* exit, way out, checkout, egress. **sorti de securia** emergency exit.

**sosia** *n.* society.

**sosial** *adj.* social, societal; sociable, outgoing, extroverted, gregarious.

**sosiali** *vi.* & *vt.* socialize.

**sosialisme** *n.* socialism.

**sosialiste** *n.* socialist.

**sosio-** *pref.* socio- (*society*).

**sosiobiolojia** *n.* sociobiology.

**sosiolinguistica** *n.* sociolinguistics.

**sosiolojia** *n.* sociology.

**sosiolojial** *adj.* sociological.

**sosiolojiste** *n.* sociologist.

**sosiopatia** *n.* sociopathy.

**sosiopatica** *adj.* sociopathic, antisocial.

**sote** *vt.* sauté (*cookery*). ● *n.* sauté.

**soto** *adj.* Sotho. ● *n.* Sotho, Basotho (*person*), Sesotho (*language*).

**soviet** *adj.* & *n.* soviet.

**Soya, Streta** *n.* Soya Strait.

**spada** *n.* sword; spade (*cards*). **spada curva** scimitar.

**spadeta** *n.* shortsword.

**spadin** *adj.* swordlike, sword-shaped.

**spadon** *n.* longsword, broadsword.

**spador** *n.* swordfighter, swordsman, swordswoman.

**spageti** *n.* spaghetti.

**spala** *n.* shoulder.

**spaleta** *n.* epaulette, epaulet (*shoulder piece*).

**spam** *n.* spam, junk email.

**spami** *vt.* spam.

**spamor** *n.* spammer.

**spaniel** *n.* spaniel (*dog*).

**spara** *vt.* shoot, fire (*weapon*). ● *n.* shooting, gunfire. **spara antiavional** antiaircraft fire, flak. **spara crusada**crossfire. **spara par aliada** friendly fire.

**spartan** *adj.* spartan.

**sparver** *n.* sparrowhawk (*bird*: smaller members of *Accipitrinae*).

**spasi** *vt.* space, space out. ● *n.* spacing.

**spasial** *adj.* spatial.

**spasio** *n.* space, room, void. **spasio de gamas** legroom. **spasio de testa** headroom. **spasio sufisinte** elbow room.

**spasiosa** *adj.* spacious, roomy, capacious, commodious.

**spasiotempo** *n.* spacetime.

**spasma** *vi.* & *n.* spasm, twitch. ● *n.suff.* -spasm. **spasma de dole** stab of pain, twinge.

**spasmica** *adj.* spastic. ● *adj.suff.* -spastic.

**spasmin** *adj.* twitchy, jerky.

**spatula** *n.* spatula; squeegee; putty knife. **spatula de cosini** spatula. **spatula de pex** slotted spatula, fish slice.

**spelador** *n.* spelling checker, spell checker, spell check.

**spelal** *adj.* orthographic.

**spele** *vt.* spell (*word*). ● *n.* spelling, orthography.

**spende** *vt.* spend (*money*, *energy*, *resources*, *time*). ● *n.* spending, expense, expenditure, outlay. **spende tro multe** overspend.

**sperde** *vi.* & *vt.* scatter, disperse, disband; spread, strew, litter; proliferate, perpetuate. ● *n.* scattering, dispersal; proliferation. **sperde tra** suffuse. **sperde virusin** spread like a virus, go viral.

**sperdeda** *adj.* scattered, littered, strewn, diffuse; e.g. *rocas es sperdeda sur la campo*; *un campo con rocas sperdeda*.

**sperdeteme** *n.* scaremonger, doomsayer, alarmist.

**sperdor** *n.* spreader. **sperdor de dejetadas** litterbug, litterlout.

**sperma** *n.* sperm, spermatozoon (pl. spermatozoa).

**spermaseti** *n.* spermaceti (*substance*).

**spermiduto** *n.* vas deferens (*anatomy*).

**spermiside** *n.* spermicide.

**speron** *n.* spur, goad.

**speroni** *vt.* spur, goad, urge.

**spesa** *adj.* thick, stout; stocky, heavyset; bold (*typography*).

**spesi** *vt.* bolden, embolden (*typography*).

**spesia** *n.* thickness; boldface.

**spesial** *adj.* special, especial, exceptional, particular. ● *adv.* especially, particularly. **estrema spesial** extremely special, extraordinary.

**spesiali** *vi.* & *vt.* specialize. ● *n.* specialization, speciality, specialty, schtick.

**spesialida** *adj.* specialized. **tro spesialida** overspecialized.

**spesialiste** *n.* specialist, expert, consultant, wonk.

**spesie** *n.* kind, sort, type, species, variation, version, variety. **spesie de comersia** line of business, line of trade.

**spesifa** *vt.* specify. ● *n.* specification.

**spesifada** *adj.* specified, specific, special, particular, certain. ● *n.* feature.

**spetaculin** *adj.* spectacular, phenomenal.

**spetaculo** *n.* entertainment, spectacle, show, presentation, production, extravaganza, pageant. **mundo de spetaculo** show business, showbiz.

**spetral** *adj.* spectral.

**spetro** *n.* spectrum.

**spetroscopi** *n.* spectroscopy.

**spetroscopial** *adj.* spectroscopic.

**spetroscopio** *n.* spectroscope.

**spia** *vt.* spy, lurk. ● *n.* spying, espionage. **spia par escutador** wiretap.

**spicisi** *n.* speakeasy (*bar*).

**spiga** *n.* spike (*flower cluster*); ear (*corn*).

**spina** *n.* spike, spine, barb, thorn, prickle, spadix; quill (*porcupine*); fishbone; cleat. **spina de jelo** icicle. **spina dorsal** spine, backbone.

**spinablanca** *n.* hawthorn (*Crataegus*).

**spinacer** *n.* spinnaker (*sail*).

**spinal** *adj.* spinal.

**spinax** *n.* spinach (*plant*, *leaves*: *Spinacia oleracea*).

**spineta**¹ *n.* American goldfinch, siskin (*Spinus*).

**spineta**² *n.* spicule (*biology*).

**spini** *vt.* pin.

**spinin** *adj.* spinelike.

**spino** *n.* pin; stickpin; prong. **spino de capeles** hairpin. **spino de xapo** hatpin. **spino puiable** thumbtack, drawing pin, pushpin. **spino secur** safety pin.

**spinosa** *adj.* spiky, spiny, barbed, thorny, prickly, full of spines. ● *n.* stickleback (*Gasterosteidae*).

**spior** *n.* spy, spook.

**spiral** *adj.* spiral, involute. ● *n.* spiral, coil, whorl.

**spirali** *vi.* & *vt.* spiral, coil, swirl.

**spirea** *n.* spiraea (US spirea) (*plant*: *Spiraea*).

**spirital** *adj.* spiritual.

**spiritalia** *n.* spirituality.

**spiritisme** *n.* spiritualism.

**spiritiste** *n.* medium, spiritualist, spiritist, necromancer, channeller (US channeler).

**spirito** *n.* spirit, soul, atman. **spirito de la eda** zeitgeist.

**spiritosa** *adj.* numinous, unworldly.

**spirobal** *n.* tetherball (*game*).

**spiroceta** *n.* spirochaete (US spirochete) (*bacterium*: *Spirochaetes*).

**spise** *n.* spice, seasoning, condiment.

**spisi** *vt.* spice, season.

**spisida** *adj.* seasoned.

**spisosa** *adj.* spicy, piquant.

**splenectomia** *n.* splenectomy (*surgery*).

**spleno** *n.* spleen (*anatomy*).

**spondeal** *adj.* spondaic.

**spondeo** *n.* spondee (*poetry*).

**spondilite** *n.* spondilitis (*medical*).

**sponja** *n.* sponge (*cleaning tool*, *organism*: *Porifera*).

**sponji** *vt.* sponge.

**sponjin** *adj.* spongy.

**sponsor** *n.* sponsor.

**sponsori** *vt.* sponsor.

**sponsoria** *n.* sponsorship, patronage.

**spontan** *adj.* spontaneous, candid.

**spontania** *n.* spontaneity.

**spora** *n.* spore.

**sporan** *n.* sporran (*pouch*).

**sporocarpo** *n.* sporocarp, fruiting body (*botany*).

**sporofite** *n.* sporophyte.

**sporte** *n.* sport.

**sportor** *n.* sportsperson, sportsman, sportswoman.

**spos** *n.* spouse, husband, wife; mate.

**sposa** *n.* wife. **de sposa nova** bridal. **sposa de gera** war bride. **sposa futur** bride-to-be. **sposa nova** bride.**sposa pasada** ex-wife. **sposa real** consort (*female*).

**sposable** *adj.* marriageable.

**sposal** *adj.* marital, nuptial, conjugal.

**sposi** *vi.* & *vt.* marry. ● *n.* marriage (*action*), wedding. **ante sposi** premarital, prenuptial. **de sposi** bridal.**estra sposi** outside of marriage, illegitimate. **par sposi** in-law, by marriage.

**sposia** *n.* marriage (*state*), wedlock, matrimony.

**sposida** *adj.* married. **nova sposida** newlywed.

**sposo** *n.* husband. **sposo enganada** cuckold. **sposo futur** husband-to-be. **sposo nova** groom, bridegroom.**sposo pasada** ex-husband. **sposo real** consort (*male*).

**springboc** *n.* springbok (*antelope*: *Antidorcas marsupialis*).

**sprinta** *vi.* & *n.* sprint.

**sprintor** *n.* sprinter.

**spuma** *vi.* foam, froth, lather. ● *n.* foam, froth, lather, suds. **spuma de bani** bath foam, bubblebath (*substance*).**spuma de mar** sea foam; meerschaum. **spuma de sapon** soapsuds. **spuma susia** scum.

**spumosa** *adj.* foamy, frothy, sudsy.

**sputa** *vt.* spit, expectorate. ● *n.* spit, sputum.

**sputafoco** *n.* fire breather.

**sputnic** *n.* sputnik.

**Sr** *abbr.* (*Senior*) Mr.

**Sra** *abbr.* (*Seniora*) Mrs, Miss, Ms.

**sranan** *adj.* & *n.* Surinamese (*person*); Sranan Tongo, Taki Taki, Suriname Creole (*language*). See *Suriname*.

**sri** *n.* gentleman or lady; sir or ma’am (*gender-neutral form of address*). **Sri** *n.* Mr, Ms, Mrs, Miss, Mx. **sris**ladies and gentlemen.

**Srilanca** *n.* Sri Lanka, Ceylon. **srilanca** *adj.* & *n.* Sri Lankan.

**ss** *interj.* hiss, psst.

**sta** *vi.* stand (*be standing*). ● *vt.* stand (*cause to stand*). **sta se** stand up. **sta sur manos** *v.* stand on one’s hands, do a handstand. ● *n.* handstand. **sta sur testa** headstand.

**stable** *adj.* stable, steady.

**stabli** *vi.* & *vt.* stabilize. ● *n.* stabilization.

**stablia** *n.* stability.

**stablinte** *adj.* stabilizing, fixative.

**stacato** *adj.* staccato.

**stadio** *n.* stage (*for performance*). **a lado de stadio** ringside, beside the stage. **estra la stadio** offstage.

**stadion** *n.* stadium, arena. **stadion de bove** bullring.

**stadior** *n.* stagehand.

**stafilococo** *n.* staphylococcus (*bacterium*: *Staphylococcus*).

**stajia** *vi.* intern, apprentice. ● *n.* internship, apprenticeship.

**stajior** *n.* intern, apprentice, trainee, cadet.

**stala** *n.* stall (*animal*, *market*), compartment. **stala de dux** shower stall, shower cubicle. **stalas** stable.

**stalamita** *n.* stalagmite.

**stalatita** *n.* stalactite.

**stali** *vt.* stable.

**stalor** *n.* groom, stable boy.

**-stalsia** *n.suff.* -stalsis (*contraction*).

**stame** *n.* stamen (*botany*).

**stange** *n.* pond.

**stangeta** *n.* puddle, pool. **stangeta de mar** tidepool, tidal pool, rock pool.

**stangi** *vi.* & *vt.* puddle, pool.

**stania** *vi.* stagnate. ● *n.* stagnation. **stania con infla** stagflation (*economy*).

**staniante** *adj.* stagnant, stale, dank, musty, stuffy. ● *n.* stagnant water, backwater.

**stanio** *n.* tin (*element*).

**stante** *adj.* standing, stationary, stative.

**-stase** *n.suff.* -stasis.

**stasion** *n.* station, stop, stopping place. **stasion de autovia** service area, service station, rest area. **stasion de labora** workstation. **stasion final** terminal, terminus. **stasion spasial** space station.

**statal** *adj.* static (*linguistics*).

**state** *n.* state (*of affairs*), condition; going; status. **state presente** present state, status quo.

**statia** *n.* statehood.

**statica** *n.* statics.

**statical** *adj.* static.

**statina** *n.* statin (*drug*).

**statiste** *n.* statesperson, statesman, stateswoman.

**statistica** *n.* statistic; statistics (*science*).

**statistical** *adj.* statistical.

**statisticiste** *n.* statistician.

**stato**¹ *n.* state (*political*), government. **stato de polisia** police state. **stato membro** member state. **stato savaje** rogue state. **stato sosial** welfare state. **stato vil** rogue state. **Statos Unida de America** United States. See *SUA, esuan, american*.

**-stato**² *n.suff.* -stat (*measuring tool*).

**statoreatador** *n.* ramjet (*engine*).

**steatita** *n.* steatite, soapstone.

**steatopijia** *n.* steatopygia.

**steatopijica** *adj.* steatopygous.

**steca** *n.* steak, beefsteak. **steca T** T-bone steak. **steca tatar** steak tartare.

**stegosauro** *n.* stegosaur, stegosaurus.

**stela** *n.* star (*sun*, *celebrity*); hotshot; asterisk. **stela bela** pin-up. **stela-de-mar** *n.* starfish, sea star (*Asteroidea*). **stela-de-mar plumosa** feather star (*Comatulida*). **stela de matina** morning star (*Venus*).**stela de neutrones** neutron star. **stela de pop** pop star. **stela de roc** rock star. **stela de sera** evening star (*Venus*). **stela joven** starlet. **stela volante** falling star, shooting star.

**stelal** *adj.* stellar.

**steli** *vt.* asterisk.

**stelin** *adj.* starlike, star-shaped.

**stelosa** *adj.* starry.

**stenografia** *n.* stenography, shorthand, steno.

**stenografiste** *n.* stenographer.

**stenose** *n.* stenosis (*medical*). ● *n.suff.* -stenosis.

**stensil** *n.* stencil; template (*software*).

**stensili** *vt.* stencil.

**stepe** *n.* steppe, moor, moorland, heath, heathland. **stepe-foresta** *n.* aspen parkland.

**steradian** *n.* steradian (*unit of angle*).

**sterco** *n.* manure.

**stercoraro** *n.* skua (*bird*: *Stercorarius*).

**stereo**¹ *adj.* & *n.* stereo (*sound*).

**stereo-**² *pref.* stereo- (*solid*).

**stereocimica** *n.* stereochemistry.

**stereoisomero** *n.* stereoisomer.

**stereoscopi** *n.* stereoscopy.

**stereoscopial** *adj.* stereoscopic.

**stereoscopio** *n.* stereoscope.

**stereotipal** *adj.* stereotypical.

**stereotipo** *n.* stereotype, cliché.

**steril** *adj.* sterile, barren, infertile.

**sterilador** *n.* sterilizer.

**sterili** *vi.* & *vt.* sterilize. ● *n.* sterilization.

**sterilia** *n.* sterility.

**sterna** *n.* tern (*bird*: *Sternidae*).

**sterno**¹ *n.* sternum, breastbone.

**sterno**² *n.* Sterno (*fuel*).

**steroide** *adj.* steroid, steroidal. ● *n.* steroid.

**sterol** *n.* sterol (*chemistry*).

**stetoscopi** *vt.* auscultate. ● *n.* auscultation, stethoscopy.

**stetoscopio** *n.* stethoscope.

**stigma** *n.* stigma.

**stilal** *adj.* stylistic.

**stili** *vt.* style, stylize. ● *n.* styling, stylization.

**stiliste** *n.* stylist.

**stilo**¹ *n.* style. **stilo de capeles** hairdo, hairstyle. **stilo de leteri** lettering style.

**stilo**² *n.* stylus (*writing tool*, *record player*).

**stilton** *n.* stilton (*cheese*).

**stimula** *vt.* stimulate, energize; excite, thrill, pique; arouse, turn on. ● *n.* stimulation, stimulus, motive, excitement, excitation, arousal. **stimula tro multe** overexcite.

**stimulable** *adj.* excitable.

**stimulada** *adj.* stimulated, excited. **tro stimulada** overexcited.

**stimulante** *adj.* exciting, thrilling, sensual, arousing, excitatory. ● *n.* stimulant.

**stiren** *n.* styrene (*chemistry*).

**Stix** *n.* Styx (*mythology*).

**stixin** *adj.* Stygian.

**stoco** *n.* rapier (*sword*).

**stofa** *n.* fabric, material, cloth, textile. **stofa de emeri** emery cloth. **stofa densa** broadcloth. **stofa linosa**oilcloth. **stofa primida** print fabric. See *tela*.

**stoferia** *n.* cloth factory, cloth store.

**stofor** *n.* clothmaker, cloth seller.

**stoica** [stoïca] *adj.* stoical, stoic. ● *n.* stoic.

**stoicisme** *n.* stoicism.

**stolen** *n.* stollen (*bread*).

**stoma** *n.* opening, orifice; stoma (pl. stomata) (*botany*, *medical*).

**stomaco** *n.* stomach, tummy; tripe (*food*).

**-stomia** *n.suff.* -stomy (*surgical opening*).

**stona** *vt.* amaze, astonish, astound, stun, bedazzle. ● *n.* amazement, astonishment. **stona temosa** awe.

**stonada** *adj.* amazed, astonished, stunned.

**stonante** *adj.* amazing, wonderful, wondrous, stunning, astonishing, astounding, awesome, stupendous, fantastic.

**storno** *n.* starling (*Sturnus*). **storno indian** myna, mynah.

**stornui** *vi.* & *n.* sneeze.

**straba** *adj.* strabismic, cross-eyed, boss-eyed, wall-eyed. **converjente straba** cross-eyed, esotropic.**diverjente straba** wall-eyed, exotropic.

**strabia** *n.* strabismus, squint (*strabismic*).

**strada** *n.* street (*city*), thoroughfare.

**stradeta** *n.* alley, alleyway, side street (*city*). **stradeta de entra** driveway, drive.

**stramonio** *n.* jimson weed, jimpson weed (*Datura stramonium*).

**strana** *adj.* strange, weird, unusual, odd, peculiar, curious, queer, eerie, freaky, uncanny, unworldly, bizarre, eccentric, dotty, kooky, quirky, screwy, wacky. ● *n.* weirdo, oddball, dingbat, kook; oddity, peculiarity, eccentricity, kink, quirk, foible.

**strangula** *vt.* strangle, choke, throttle. ● *n.* strangulation.

**strangulor** *n.* strangler.

**strania** *n.* strangeness, weirdness, oddness, oddity, peculiarity, eccentricity.

**stranjer** *adj.* foreign, alien. ● *n.* foreigner, outsider, alien, stranger.

**stranjeri** *vi.* & *vt.* estrange, alienate. ● *n.* estrangement, alienation.

**stratejia** *n.* strategy, stratagem. **stratejia nova** new strategy, initiative.

**stratejial** *adj.* strategic.

**stratejiste** *n.* strategist.

**strati** *vi.* stratify, layer; be coated. ● *vt.* coat, layer. ● *n.* layering, stratification. **strati interna** line (*something*).

**strato** *n.* layer, ply; coat (*paint*), coating; stratus (*cloud*); shell (*electron*). **con du stratos** two-layered, two-ply.**strato interna** lining. **stratos** strata. See *fore*.

**stratocumulo** *adj.* & *n.* stratocumulus (*cloud*).

**stratosfera** *n.* stratosphere.

**stratosferal** *adj.* stratospheric.

**streptobasilo** *n.* streptobacillus (*bacterium*: *Streptobacillus*).

**streptococo** *n.* streptococcus (*bacterium*: *Streptococcus*).

**streptomisina** *n.* streptomycin (*antibiotic*).

**stresa** *vt.* & *n.* stress.

**stresante** *adj.* stressful.

**stresor** *n.* stressor.

**streta** *adj.* narrow; tight, taut, snug. ● *n.* strait.

**streti** *vi.* & *vt.* narrow, tighten, constrict. ● *n.* narrowing, constriction, stricture.

**stretia** *n.* narrowness; tightness, tautness, snugness.

**streusel** *n.* streusel (*cookery*).

**stribo** *n.* stirrup; stapes (*bone*); abutment (*architecture*).

**stricnina** *n.* strychnine (*Strychnos nux*-*vomica*).

**striptisa** *vi.* & *n.* striptease, strip.

**striptisor** *n.* stripper, stripteaser.

**stroboscopial** *adj.* stroboscopic.

**stroboscopio** *n.* stroboscope, strobe.

**strofe** *n.* stanza, verse.

**stroganov** *n.* stroganoff (*food*).

**strombo** *n.* conch (*mollusc*: *Strombus*).

**strontio** *n.* strontium (*element*).

**strudel** *n.* strudel (*pastry*).

**struma** *n.* goitre (US goiter) (*medical*).

**strumental** *adj.* instrumental.

**strumentiste** *n.* instrumentalist.

**strumento** *n.* instrument (*musical*, *medical*, *scientific*, *etc.*). **sin strumento** unaccompanied, a cappella.**strumento de cordetas** string instrument. **strumento de percute** percussion instrument. **strumento de teclas** keyboard instrument. **strumento de venta** wind instrument. **strumento lenial de venta**woodwind instrument. **strumento metal de venta** brass instrument.

**strutur** *n.* structure, frame, framework; phrase (*music*). **strutur de datos** data structure. **strutur de trepa**climbing frame, jungle gym, monkey bars.

**strutural** *adj.* structural.

**struturalisme** *n.* structuralism.

**struturaliste** *n.* structuralist.

**struturi** *vt.* structure, frame.

**struturida** *adj.* structured.

**stuco** *n.* stucco (*plaster*).

**studia** *vt.* study; pore over. ● *n.* study; survey. **studia intensa** study intensively, cram.

**studiante** *adj.* studying. ● *n.* student. **studiante de anio du** second-year student, sophomore. **studiante de anio prima** first-year student, freshman, fresher. **studiante de anio ultima** sixth-former, upperclassman. **studiante nova** freshman, fresher, underclassman. **studiante pasada** ex-student, alumnus, alumna.

**studio** *n.* studio (*artist’s*, *film*, *TV*, *radio*); study (*room*); workshop (*artist’s*).

**studiosa** *adj.* studious.

**stufa** *n.* stove, cooker, hob. **stufa de alcol** alcohol stove, spirit lamp. **stufa de cerosen** kerosene stove. **stufa portable** portable stove.

**stufi** *vt.* cook (*on stove*).

**stupa** *n.* stupa (*Buddhist building*).

**stupida** *adj.* stupid, dumb, foolish, idiotic, dopey, inane, moronic, simple-minded. ● *n.* fool, dummy, idiot, imbecile, moron, dunce, dullard, dimwit, dingbat, featherbrain, numbskull, numpty, ignoramus, bonehead, knucklehead, lamebrain, nitwit, pinhead.

**stupidia** *n.* stupidity, foolishness, idiocy.

**stupor** *n.* stupor, trance.

**sturion** *n.* sturgeon (*fish*: *Acipenseridae*).

**sturnela** *n.* meadowlark (*bird*: *Sturnella*).

**su**¹ *prep.* • below, beneath, under, underneath, lower than (*location*, *quantity*, *standard*); e.g. *ombra su la arbores*; *un table su la fenetra*; *un sueter su un jaca*; *labora su esta regulas*; *la temperatur es su zero*. • (*moving*) to below, under; e.g. *pone un cuxin su sua testa*. ● *pref.* sub- (*lower in location or hierarchy*); e.g.*sutera*; *sudivide*. **a su** *prep.* (*moving*) to below, under; e.g. *la gato core a su la table*. ● *adv.* below, underneath; down, downward, downwards; downstairs. **de su** *prep.* (*moving*) from under. ● *adv.* from underneath; from downstairs; up, upward, upwards.

**su**² *adj.* & *n.* Sioux (*person*, *language*).

**sua**¹ *det.* his, her, its, their. **la sua** his, hers, its, theirs. **sua propre** his own, her own, its own, their own.

**SUA**² *abbr.* (*Statos Unida de America*) USA, US. ● *adj.* USA, US, American. See *esuan*.

**suacuan** *adj.* underwater.

**suahili** *adj.* & *n.* Swahili (*person*, *language*).

**Suais** *n.* Suez. **Canal Suais** Suez Canal. **Golfo Suais** Gulf of Suez.

**suami** *n.* swami (*Hinduism*).

**suapare** *vi.* show through, be visible through.

**suarcivo** *n.* subfolder, subdirectory.

**suartica** *adj.* subarctic.

**suasembla** *n.* subassembly.

**suastica** *n.* swastika.

**suatomal** *adj.* subatomic.

**suave** *adj.* soft (*hair*, *skin*, *fabric*), smooth; mellow. See *mol*.

**suavi** *vi.* condition, soften; mellow, smoothe. ● *vt.* condition, soften; mellow, smooth.

**suavia** *n.* softness.

**suavinte** *adj.* softening, emollient. ● *n.* conditioner, softener (*substance*).

**suazi** *adj.* & *n.* Swazi.

**Suaziland** *n.* Swaziland.

**subasta** *vt.* & *n.* auction.

**subasteria** *n.* auction house.

**subastor** *n.* auctioneer.

**suber** *n.* cork (*substance*).

**subita** *adj.* sudden, abrupt. ● *adv.* suddenly, abruptly.

**sublima** *vi.* & *vt.* sublimate. ● *n.* sublimation.

**subosce** *n.* undergrowth, underbrush, scrub, brushwood (*low-growing vegetation*).

**suburban** *adj.* suburban. ● *n.* suburbanite.

**suburbe** *n.* suburb. **suburbes** suburbia.

**subuteo** *n.* hobby.

**suca** *vt.* suck, suckle. ● *n.* suction. **suca a secia** suck dry.

**sucamisa** *n.* undershirt; singlet, vest (*UK*); camisole.

**sucampion** *n.* runner-up.

**sucampo** *n.* subfield (*knowledge*), subdiscipline.

**sucapolvo** *n.* vacuum cleaner.

**sucasangue** *n.* leech, bloodsucker (*Hirudinea*).

**sucasava** *n.* sapsucker (*bird*: *Sphyrapicus*).

**sucategoria** *n.* subcategory.

**suceta** *n.* lollipop, lolly; love bite, hickey.

**suciaci** *n.* sukiyaki (*food*).

**suclase** *n.* subclass.

**sucolie** *n.* subset.

**sucomite** *n.* subcommittee.

**sucompania** *n.* subsidiary.

**suconsensa** *adj.* subconscious, subliminal.

**suconsensia** *n.* subconscious, unconscious (*mind*).

**sucontinente** *n.* subcontinent.

**sucontrata** *vt.* subcontract.

**sucontrator** *n.* subcontractor.

**sucorente** *n.* undercurrent.

**sucotax** *n.* succotash (*food*).

**sucrosa** *n.* sucrose (*sugar*).

**sucubo** *n.* succubus.

**suculente** *adj.* succulent.

**sucultur** *n.* subculture.

**sucutanea** *adj.* subcutaneous.

**suda** *vi.* ooze, exude, seep, discharge. ● *vt.* ooze, discharge.

**Sudafrica** *n.* Republic of South Africa. See *Republica de Africa Sude*.

**sudafrican** *adj.* & *n.* South African.

**Sudan** *n.* Sudan. **Sudan Sude** South Sudan.

**sudani** *adj.* & *n.* Sudani.

**sude** *adj.* south, southern, downstate. ● *n.* south. **a sude** southward, southwards. **a sude de** to the south of.**sude-este** *adj.* southeast, southeasterly. ● *n.* southeast. **sude-sentral** *adj.* central south. **sude-sude-este***adj.* & *n.* south-southeast. **sude-sude-ueste** *adj.* & *n.* south-southwest. **sude-ueste** *adj.* southwest, southwesterly. ● *n.* southwest.

**sudevelopada** *adj.* underdeveloped.

**sudivide** *vi.* & *vt.* subdivide. ● *n.* subdivision.

**sudocu** *n.* sudoku (*puzzle*).

**sudui** *vi.* subduce. ● *n.* subduction (*geology*).

**sueba** *adj.* & *n.* Suebian. **suebas** Suebians, Suebi (*ancient tribe*).

**suentrada** *n.* subentry (*in list*).

**suesposa** *vt.* underexpose. ● *n.* underexposure.

**suestima** *vt.* & *n.* underestimate.

**sueter** *n.* sweater, pullover, jumper, jersey. **sueter de capeta** hooded sweatshirt, hoodie. **sueter de sporte**sweatshirt. **sueter sin manga** sleeveless sweater, tanktop (*UK*), sweater vest.

**sufamilia** *n.* subfamily (*biology*).

**sufi** *adj.* & *n.* Sufi.

**sufilo** *n.* subphylum.

**sufisa** *vt.* suffix; e.g. *on sufisa un silaba a un radis*. ● *n.* suffix; suffixing, suffixation; extension (*filename*).

**sufisi** *vi.* suffice, be sufficient, be enough. ● *n.* sufficiency, adequacy.

**sufisinte** *adj.* sufficient, enough, adequate.

**sufisme** *n.* Sufism (*Islam*).

**sufle** *n.* soufflé (*food*).

**sufrajeta** *n.* suffragette.

**sufri** *vt.* suffer, undergo; e.g. *sufri de depresa*; *sufri un crise mental*. ● *n.* suffering, affliction, hardship.

**sufror** *n.* sufferer.

**sugrupo** *n.* subgroup.

**suhur** *n.* suhur, sahur, sehri (*Islam*).

**sui** *vt.* sweat, perspire. ● *n.* perspiration.

**suindise** *n.* subscript.

**suing** [swing] *adj.* & *n.* swing, jive, jitterbug, lindy (*dance*, *music*).

**suisidal** *adj.* suicidal.

**suiside** *vi.* commit suicide. ● *n.* suicide (*action*). **atenta suiside** attempt to commit suicide. **suiside atentada**suicide attempt.

**suisidor** *n.* suicide (*person*).

**suite** [swite] *n.* suite (*furniture*, *rooms*, *music*, *etc.*).

**Suiz** [swiz] *n.* Switzerland. **suiz** *adj.* & *n.* Swiss.

**suje** *n.* soot.

**sujenero** *n.* subgenus.

**sujesta** *vt.* suggest, evince; remind, call to mind. ● *n.* suggestion; connotation.

**sujestante** *adj.* redolent.

**sujestosa** *adj.* suggestive.

**sujestosia** *n.* suggestiveness.

**sujetal** *adj.* subjective.

**sujetalia** *n.* subjectivity.

**sujeto** *n.* subject (*including grammar*), topic.

**suji** *vt.* soot, blacken with soot.

**sujosa** *adj.* sooty, black with soot.

**sujunta** *n.* subordinator, subordinating conjunction.

**sujuntiva** *adj.* & *n.* subjunctive (*grammar*).

**Sulawesi** *n.* Sulawesi, Celebes (*island*). **Mar Sulawesi** Celebes Sea.

**sulfato** *n.* sulphate (US sulfate). **sulfato de magnesio** magnesium sulphate (US sulfate), Epsom salts.

**sulfido** *n.* sulphide (US sulfide) (*chemistry*).

**sulfur** *n.* sulphur (US sulfur), brimstone.

**sulfurica** *adj.* sulphuric (US sulfuric).

**sulia** *vt.* & *n.* downlink.

**sulini** *vt.* underline, underscore. ● *n.* underlining.

**sulinia** *n.* underline, underscore (*character*).

**sultan** *n.* sultan (*governor*).

**sultana** *n.* sultana (*sultan’s wife*).

**sultania** *n.* sultanate.

**Sulu, Mar** *n.* Sulu Sea.

**sulua** *vt.* sublease, sublet.

**sulunan** *adj.* sublunar (*astronomy*).

**sumaco** *n.* sumac (*plant*: *Rhus*, *Cotinus*). **sumaco venenosa** poison ivy, poison sumac, poison oak (*Toxicodendron*, *Rhus radicans*, *Rhus vernix*, *Rhus toxicodendron*).

**sumarina** *n.* submarine, sub.

**Sumatra** *n.* Sumatra.

**Sumba** *n.* Sumba (*island*). **Streta Sumba** Sumba Strait.

**Sumer** *n.* Sumer, Sumeria.

**sumerji** *vi.* & *vi.* submerge, immerse, submerse, dip, duck, dunk. ● *n.* submergence, immersion, dip, dunk.

**sumerjor** *n.* diver, frogman, aquanaut.

**sumina** *vt.* undermine.

**sumo** *n.* sumo (*sport*).

**sumor** *n.* sumo wrestler.

**sumundo** *n.* underworld.

**suna** *n.* Sunnah, Sunna (*Islam*).

**sunda** *adj.* & *n.* Sunda (*person*, *language*). **Streta Sunda** Sunda Strait.

**sunde** *n.* sundae (*food*).

**suni** *adj.* & *n.* Sunni, Sunnite (*Islam*).

**sunormal** *adj.* subnormal; below par.

**suo** *n.* sweat, perspiration.

**Suomi** *n.* Finland. **suomi** *adj.* Finnish. **Golfo Suomi** Gulf of Finland. See *Finland*, *finsce*.

**suorbital** *adj.* suborbital.

**suordina** *vt.* subordinate. ● *n.* subordination; suborder (*biology*).

**suordinada** *adj.* subordinate, secondary, vice-, deputy. ● *n.* deputy, commissary.

**suosa** *adj.* sweaty.

**supantala** *n.* boxer shorts, boxers.

**supasaje** *n.* underpass.

**superior** *adj.* superior, elite; upscale, upmarket. ● *n.* superior, higher-up, liege. **Lago Superior** Lake Superior.

**superioria** *n.* superiority.

**superlativa** *adj.* & *n.* superlative.

**superstisio** *n.* superstition.

**superstisiosa** *adj.* superstitious.

**supina** *adj.* supine, face up, palm up.

**supinador** *n.* supinator (*muscle*).

**suplica** *vt.* implore, entreat, beseech, beg, appeal to, petition, supplicate, importune. ● *n.* plea, entreaty, petition, supplication.

**supopla** *vt.* underpopulate. ● *n.* underpopulation.

**supoplada** *adj.* underpopulated.

**suporta** *vt.* support, prop up, back up, bolster, underpin, uphold; fund (*financially*); espouse. ● *n.* support, backing, aegis, auspices. **suporta finansial** *v.* subsidize. ● *n.* financial support, subsidy, grant, funding.

**suportable** *adj.* supportable.

**suportada** *adj.* supported, upheld.

**suportador** *n.* support, supporting device, stand, strut, plinth.

**suportor** *n.* supporter, sympathizer, proponent, backer; breadwinner; groomsman, usher (*at wedding*).

**suportosa** *adj.* supportive.

**suposa** *vt.* suppose, presume, assume, surmise. ● *n.* supposition, presumption, assumption, postulate.

**suposable** *adv.* presumably.

**suposada** *adj.* supposed, presumptive, putative; so-called (*disparaging*).

**supositorio** *n.* suppository.

**supra** *prep.* • above, over, higher than (*location*, *quantity*, *standard*); e.g. *la teto es supra la sofito*; *un covretota supra tua otra vestes*; *nosa rapidia es supra sento cilometres per ora*. • (*moving*) to above, over; e.g. *el leva la enfante supra sua testa*. ● *pref.* super- (*higher in location or hierarchy*); e.g. *suprasil*; *supraumana*. **a supra** *prep.* (*moving*) to above, over. ● *adv.* above; up, upward, upwards; upstairs. **de supra** *prep.*(*moving*) from above. ● *adv.* from above; from upstairs; down, downward, downwards. **supra tota** above all.

**suprabunda** *vi.* be overabundant, overflow. ● *n.* overabundance, overflow, glut.

**suprabundante** *adj.* excessive, overabundant.

**supracarga** *vt.* overload, overburden; supercharge, turbocharge.

**supraclase** *n.* superclass.

**supracomputador** *n.* supercomputer.

**supracondutador** *n.* superconductor.

**supradestrui** *vt.* & *n.* overkill.

**supradosa** *vt.* & *n.* overdose.

**supradramosa** *adj.* overdramatic, overdramatized, sensational, sensationalistic, lurid.

**supradramosia** *n.* sensationalism.

**supraego** *n.* superego (*psychology*).

**supraengrana** *n.* overdrive.

**supraeroe** *n.* superhero.

**supraesposa** *vt.* overexpose. ● *n.* overexposure.

**supraestima** *vt.* & *n.* overestimate.

**suprafamilia** *n.* superfamily (*biology*).

**suprafem** *n.* superwoman.

**suprafilo** *n.* superphylum.

**supraflue** *vi.* overflow. ● *n.* overflow, run-off.

**suprafluente** *adj.* superfluous, excessive.

**suprafoli** *vt.* overcrowd.

**suprafolida** *adj.* overcrowded.

**supragrupo** *n.* supergroup, umbrella group.

**supraindise** [supraïndise] *n.* superscript.

**supralia** *vt.* & *n.* uplink.

**supramercato** *n.* supermarket.

**supramorde** *n.* overbite.

**supranatural** *adj.* supernatural.

**supranormal** *adj.* supernormal; above par.

**supranova** *n.* supernova (*star*).

**supraom** *n.* superman.

**supraordina** *n.* superorder (*biology*).

**supraordinada** *adj.* superordinate.

**supraorganiza** *n.* umbrella organization, umbrella group.

**suprapasa** *vt.* surpass, exceed, emulate, overshadow, outdo, outclass, outpace, overshoot. ● *n.* surplus, excess, profusion, overage. **suprapasa comersial** trade surplus.

**suprapasada** *adj.* surpassed, overshadowed, dwarfed.

**suprapasante** *adj.* surpassing, exceeding, excessive, preeminent, profuse, inordinate.

**suprapone** *vt.* superimpose, overlap, overlay; inlay, composite (*video*); kern (*typography*). ● *n.* superimposure, overlap, overlay; lapel. **suprapone par color** chroma key (*video*). **suprapone par scermo blu** blue-screen compositing. **suprapone par scermo verde** green-screen compositing.

**suprapopla** *vt.* overpopulate. ● *n.* overpopulation.

**suprapoplada** *adj.* overpopulated.

**suprapotia** *n.* superpower (*of superhero*).

**suprapotiosa** *adj.* superpowerful. ● *n.* superpower (*political*).

**supraregala** *vt.* overindulge, binge.

**suprarenal** *adj.* suprarenal.

**suprascrive** *vt.* overwrite.

**suprascriveda** *adj.* overwritten. ● *n.* palimpsest.

**suprasesional** *adj.* suprasegmental.

**suprasil** *n.* eyebrow.

**suprasolo** *n.* topsoil.

**suprasonal** *adj.* supersonic.

**supraspira** *vi.* hyperventilate. ● *n.* hyperventilation.

**suprasusede** *vt.* overachieve.

**suprasusedor** *vt.* overachiever.

**supratempo** *n.* overtime (*work*).

**supratono** *n.* overtone.

**supraumana** *adj.* & *n.* superhuman, Übermensch.

**supravalua** *vt.* overrate, overvalue.

**supraventa** *adj.* upwind, windward.

**supravide** *vt.* supervise, oversee, look over. ● *n.* supervision, overseeing, oversight.

**supravidor** *n.* supervisor, overseer, superintendent, chaperone. **supravidor de carga** cargo supervisor, supercargo.

**suprema** *adj.* supreme; topmost.

**supremia** *n.* supremacy.

**supresa** *vt.* suppress, quash, quell, override. ● *n.* suppression.

**supresante** *n.* suppressant.

**suprima** *adj.* subprime (*loan*).

**suproduida** *n.* by-product.

**suprogram** *n.* subprogram, subroutine.

**suproposa** *n.* subclause, subordinate clause, dependent clause. **suproposa ajetivin** adjective clause, relative clause. **suproposa averbin** adverb clause. **suproposa nomin** noun clause, content clause.

**sur** *prep.* • on (*surface*, *including vertical*), on top of, upon; e.g. *tre libros es sur la table*; *un depinta pende sur la mur*; *un sicatris sur tua dito*; *la vive sur Marte*. • (*moving*) onto; e.g. *la caxa ia cade sur la solo*. • concerning, about, pertaining to (*a topic*); e.g. *me vole parla sur mea vacanse*; *la xica plora sur sua popa perdeda*. **a sur** *prep.* (*moving*) onto, on. ● *adv.* on top, on the top, onto the top. **de sur** *prep.* (*moving*) off, off of. ● *adv.* off.

**sura** *n.* calf (*anatomy*).

**sureal** *adj.* surreal.

**surealisme** *n.* surrealism.

**surealiste** *adj.* surrealistic. ● *n.* surrealist.

**surfa** *vt.* surf; browse (*web*). ● *n.* surf (*waves*); surfing; browsing. **surfa de vela** windsurfing, sailboarding.**surfa la fola** crowd-surf. **surfa la rede** surf the net.

**surfador** *n.* web browser.

**surfas** *n.* surface. **surfas de table** tabletop.

**surfasal** *adj.* superficial, facile, skindeep, glib, perfunctory. ● *adv.* superficially, on the surface.

**surfor** *n.* surfer.

**suri** *adj.* & *n.* Syrian.

**Suria** *n.* Syria.

**suricata** *n.* meerkat, suricate (*Suricata*).

**surie** *vt.* & *n.* smile, grin; e.g. *el ia surie sua deleta*. **surie adulante** simper. **surie dentosa** beam. **surie ienin**cheesy grin. **surie vil** *v.* & *n.* smirk.

**surimposta** *vt.* & *n.* surtax.

**Suriname** *n.* Suriname, Surinam. See *sranan*.

**surion** *n.* grin.

**surprende** *vt.* surprise, startle, astonish, amaze; ambush. ● *n.* surprise; ambush.

**surprendeda** *adj.* surprised, startled, astonished.

**surprendente** *adj.* surprising. ● *adv.* surprisingly.

**sursolo** *n.* flooring.

**survive** *vt.* survive. ● *n.* survival.

**survivente** *adj.* surviving, extant.

**survivor** *n.* survivor, holdover.

**suscrive** *vt.* sign, autograph, register, underwrite. ● *n.* signature, autograph. **suscrive de autor** author’s signature; by-line. **suscrive per entra** sign in, check in, register. **suscrive per retira** sign out, check out.

**susecretor** *n.* undersecretary.

**susede** *vt.* succeed (*at*), manage to, achieve, accomplish; pass (*test*); e.g. *el ia susede sua esaminas*; *me ia susede abri la botela*. ● *n.* success, achievement, accomplishment.

**susedor** *n.* succeeder, achiever.

**susedosa** *adj.* successful. ● *n.* hit, blockbuster.

**susesion** *n.* subsection.

**susi** *vi.* & *vt.* dirty, soil, sully, mess up, besmirch.

**susia** *adj.* dirty, squalid, sordid, crummy, grimy, grubby, seedy, sleazy; murky (*liquid*). ● *n.* dirtiness, dirt, grime, mess.

**susida** *adj.* dirtied, soiled, sullied.

**susiste** *vi.* subsist (*stay alive*). ● *n.* subsistence.

**susolo** *n.* subsoil.

**susoma** *n.* subtotal.

**suspende** *vt.* suspend, dangle, hang, hang up; adjourn. ● *n.* suspense, suspension; cliffhanger; adjournment, abeyance; moratorium.

**suspendeda** *adj.* suspended, adjourned, in abeyance.

**suspendosa** *adj.* suspenseful.

**suspesie** *n.* subtype, subspecies.

**suspeta** *vt.* suspect. ● *n.* suspicion, hunch.

**suspetada** *adj.* suspected. ● *n.* suspect (*person*).

**suspetante** *adj.* suspicious, askance.

**suspetosa** *adj.* suspicious (*suspecting*, *arousing suspicion*).

**suspira** *vt.* & *n.* sigh. **suspira de lejeri** sigh of relief.

**susta** *vt.* sustain, support; eke out. ● *n.* sustenance.

**sustable** *adj.* sustainable.

**sustantia** *n.* substance.

**sustantial** *adj.* substantial.

**sustantivin** *adj.* substantival.

**sustantivo** *n.* substantive, noun.

**sustasion** *n.* substation.

**sustitua** *adj.* substitute, replacement, surrogate, sub. ● *n.* substitute, replacement, surrogate, stand-in, double, understudy. **sustitua de peril** stunt double, stuntman, stuntwoman. **sustitua jemelin** body double.**sustitua tempora** temporary substitute, replacement, surrogate, stand-in.

**sustitui** *vi.* & *vt.* substitute, replace; e.g. *la nova sustitui per la vea*. ● *n.* substitution. **sustitui per** substitute for, supersede, supplant. **sustitui tempora** replace temporarily, substitute for, stand in for.

**sustrato** *n.* substrate, lower layer; undercoat. **sustrato de tera** subsoil.

**sususede** *vt.* underachieve.

**sususedor** *n.* underachiever.

**sutende** *vt.* subtend (*botany*, *geometry*).

**suteninte** *n.* sublieutenant, second lieutenant, ensign.

**sutera** *n.* cellar, basement.

**suteran** *adj.* subterranean, underground.

**suteto** *n.* attic, loft, garret.

**sutil** *adj.* subtle, nuanced. ● *n.* subtlety, nuance. **sutil nosiva** insidious.

**sutilia** *n.* subtleness, subtlety.

**sutituli** *vt.* subtitle.

**sutitulo** *n.* subtitle (*subheading*, *transcription*).

**sutra** *n.* sutra (*aphorism*, *scripture*).

**sutrable** *adj.* removable, deletable, delible, deductible. **sutrable de imposta** tax-deductible.

**sutrae** *vt.* subtract, deduct; remove, take away, delete, expunge; detract. ● *n.* subtraction, deduction; removal, deletion.

**sutropical** *adj.* subtropical.

**sutur** *n.* suture, surgical stitch. **sutur sajital** sagittal suture.

**suturi** *vt.* suture. ● *n.* suture (*action*).

**suumana** *adj.* subhuman.

**suvacua** *adj.* vacuum-sealed.

**suvalua** *vt.* underappreciate, underrate, undervalue.

**suvenir** *n.* souvenir, memento, remembrance. **suvenires** souvenirs, memorabilia.

**suventa** *adj.* downwind, lee, leeward.

**suventre** *n.* underbelly.

**suverti** *vt.* subvert, overthrow. ● *n.* subversion, overthrow.

**suvertinte** *adj.* subversive.

**suvia** [suvía] *n.* underpass.

**suxef** *n.* deputy head, second-in-command.

**suxi** *n.* sushi (*food*).

**Svalbard** *n.* Svalbard, Spitsbergen.

**svensce** *adj.* Swedish (*person*, *language*). ● *n.* Swedish, Swede.

**Sveria** *n.* Sweden.

T

**t** [te] *letra*t. **con forma de T** en forma deT.

**ta** *adv.* (*preverbal*) would (*indicating that a finite verb refers to a hypothetical scenario*; *also used in polite questions*); e.g. *si nos ta ave un mapa, nos no ta es perdeda*; *tu ta desira plu cafe?* — Unlike *would*, *ta* does*not* denote a reported future as in *he said he would be here* (*el ia dise ce el va es asi*) and *she would later become an author* (*el ia deveni plu tarda un autor*). **ta ce** would that, may, let (*something happen*); e.g. *ta ce nos vade*; *ta ce tu deside*. See *ia ta*.

**tabaco** *n.* tobacco (*plant*, *leaves*: *Nicotiana tabacum*).

**tabano** *n.* horsefly (*Tabanidae*).

**tabla** *n.* tabla (*musical instrument*).

**table** *n.* table (*furniture*); board (*game*); table (*of information*), tabulation. **Table** *n.* Mensa (*constellation*).**table basa** low table, coffee table. **table de autopsia** autopsy table, slab. **table de axi** hash table (*software*). **table de contenidas** table of contents. **table de cosina** kitchen table. **table de labora**worktable, workbench, worktop, work surface; desktop (*software*). **table de presa** ironing board. **table de vende** sales counter. **table de xace** chessboard. **table ladal** end table, side table. **table ronda** round table (*including discussion*).

**tableta** *n.* tablet, slate (*writing*); tablet computer. **tableta de desinia** graphics tablet.

**tabli** *vi.* tabulate.

**tabu** [tabú] *adj.* taboo, unmentionable. ● *n.* taboo.

**tabule** *n.* tabbouleh (*food*).

**taci-** *pref.* tachy- (*rapid*).

**tacicardia** *n.* tachycardia.

**tacicardial** *adj.* tachycardial.

**tacion** *n.* tachyon (*particle*).

**tacle** *vt.* tackle (*sport*). ● *n.* tackle.

**taco** *n.* taco (*food*).

**ta-da** *interj.* ta-da, hey presto, voilà.

**tadjici** *adj.* & *n.* Tajik (*person*, *language*).

**Tadjicistan** *n.* Tajikistan.

**tafel** *n.* tafl, tablut, hnefatafl (*game*).

**tafeta** *n.* taffeta (*fabric*).

**tagalog** *adj.* & *n.* Tagalog (*person*, *language*).

**tagete** *n.* marigold (*Tagetes*).

**Tahiti** *n.* Tahiti. **tahiti** *adj.* & *n.* Tahitian.

**Tai** *n.* Thailand, Siam. **tai** *adj.* & *n.* Thai, Siamese (*person*, *language*). **Golfo Tai** Gulf of Thailand.

**taie** *n.* waist, waistline.

**taiga** *n.* taiga, boreal forest.

**taitxi** *n.* tai-chi, tai-chi chuan.

**Taiuan** *n.* Taiwan. **taiuan** *adj.* & *n.* Taiwanese.

**Taklamakan, Deserto** *n.* Taklamakan Desert.

**tal** *adj.* (*prenominal*) such, this kind of, that kind of. ● *adv.* in such a way, in this way, like this, thus, thusly, so, sic. **tal ce** in such a way that. **un tal** such a, of such a kind. See *tan*.

**talamo** *n.* thalamus (*anatomy*).

**talco** *n.* talc; talcum powder.

**talento** *n.* talent, aptitude, gift, flair.

**talentosa** *adj.* talented, gifted. ● *n.* prodigy.

**talia** *vt.* cut, slice, slash, gash, carve, whittle, incise, hew, sever, butcher. ● *n.* cut, slice, slash, gash, incision. **talia de carne** cut of meat. **talia de lardo** rasher. **talia traversal** cross-section, cross-cut.

**taliador** *n.* cutter, slicer.

**taliafilo** *n.* wire cutter.

**taliagarga** *n.* cut-throat, murderer.

**taliapaper** *n.* paper knife, paper cutter.

**talidomida** *n.* thalidomide.

**talieta** *n.* noodle, pasta.

**talio** *n.* thallium (*element*).

**talior** *n.* tailor. **talior de petra** stonecutter.

**talmud** *n.* talmud (*Judaism*).

**talmudal** *adj.* talmudal.

**talo** *n.* ankle, talus, astragalus; hock; stem (*plant*), sprig; thallus (*botany*). **talo de fava** beanstalk. **talo vara**clubfoot.

**talon** *n.* heel. **talon alta** high heel (*shoe*), stiletto.

**talpa** *n.* mole (*animal*: *Talpidae*).

**talperia** *n.* molehill.

**tam** *n.* tam o’shanter (*hat*).

**tamale** *n.* tamale (*food*).

**tamarin** *n.* tamarin (*monkey*: *Saguinus*).

**tamarindo** *n.* tamarind (*tree*: *Tamarindus indica*).

**tambur** *n.* drum, tambour. **tambur de conga** conga drum. **tambur militar** snare drum. **tambur peti** tabor.

**tambureta** *n.* tambourine.

**tamburi** *vt.* drum; signal by drum.

**tamia** *n.* chipmunk (*Tamias*).

**tamil** *adj.* & *n.* Tamil (*person*, *language*).

**tamis** *n.* sieve, colander, strainer.

**tamisi** *vt.* sieve, sift, strain.

**tampon** *n.* swab, wad, pad, padding; paper cartridge (*musket*, *pistol*). **tampon de fem** tampon.

**tan** *adv.* to such an extent, so, as; how …! **tan bela** so beautiful, how lovely, how nice. **tan bela ce** so beautiful that. **tan grande como** as big as. **tan multe** so many, so much. **tan multe ce** so many that, so much that.**tan multe como** as many as, as much as. **tan poca** so little, so few. **tan poca ce** so few that. **un vista tan bela** what a lovely view.

**tana** *vt.* tan (*leather*). ● *n.* tanning (*leather*).

**tanatolojia** *n.* thanatology.

**tancador** *n.* tanker. **tancador de petrolio** oil tanker.

**tance** *n.* tank, tub, vat, cistern; tank (*military*).

**tancini** *n.* tankini (*bikini*).

**taneria** *n.* tannery.

**tang** *adj.* Tang (*dynasty*).

**tanga** *n.* thong, G-string (*garment*).

**Tanganyika, Lago** *n.* Lake Tanganyika.

**tangar** *n.* tanager (*bird*: *Thraupidae*).

**tango** *n.* tango (*dance*).

**tangram** *n.* tangram (*puzzle*).

**tanica** *adj.* tannic (*chemistry*). **asida tanica** tannic acid.

**tanin** *n.* tannin.

**tanje** *vt.* touch lightly, be tangential to, brush against, graze; strum (*guitar*).

**tanjente** *adj.* tangential, peripheral. ● *n.* tangent.

**tanjerina** *n.* tangerine (*fruit*: *Citrus*× *tangerina*).

**tanjerino** *n.* tangerine (*tree*).

**tanor** *n.* tanner.

**tantalo** *n.* tantalum (*element*).

**tantra** *n.* tantra (*Buddhism*, *Hinduism*).

**tantral** *adj.* tantric.

**Tanzania** *n.* Tanzania.

**tanzanian** *adj.* & *n.* Tanzanian.

**tapaculo** *n.* tapaculo (*bird*: *Rhinocryptinae*).

**tapador** *n.* typewriter.

**tape** *vi.* tap; patter. ● *vt.* tap; type. ● *n.* tap, tapping, patter; typing.

**tapeti** *vt.* upholster. ● *n.* upholstery (*action*).

**tapeto** *n.* carpet, rug, mat; upholstery (*material*). **tapeto de bani** bathmat. **tapeto de porte** doormat.**tapeto imajal** tapestry.

**tapetor** *n.* upholsterer.

**tapi** *vt.* plug, seal, cork, cap, stop up.

**tapioca** *n.* tapioca.

**tapir** *n.* tapir (*animal*: *Tapirus*).

**tapo** *n.* plug, seal, cork, bung, spigot, cap, stopper. **tapo de orea** earplug.

**tapor** *n.* typist.

**tarama** *n.* taramasalata (*food*).

**tarantula** *n.* tarantula (*spider*: *Theraphosidae*).

**tarda** *adj.* late, tardy, overdue, in arrears. ● *n.* later part, latter part; latecomer; e.g. *en la tarda de la eda medieval*. **a la plu tarda** at the latest (*no later*). **multe tarda** long overdue. **plu tarda** later.

**tardi** *vi.* grow late. ● *vt.* make late, delay.

**tardia** *n.* lateness.

**tardigrado** *n.* tardigrade, water bear (*organism*: *Tardigrada*).

**tarifa** *n.* tariff, duty, rate (*financial*). **tarifa postal** postage (*cost*).

**taro** *n.* taro (*plant*: *Colocasia esculenta*).

**taroci** *n.* tarot (*cards*).

**tarsal** *adj.* tarsal.

**tarsio** *n.* tarsier (*primate*: *Tarsius*).

**tarso** *n.* tarsus (*bones*).

**tartar** *n.* tartar, calculus (*deposit on teeth*, *in wine*); limescale.

**tarte** *n.* pie, flan. **tarte de carne** meat pie. **tarte de crema** cream pie, cream flan; custard pie (*missile*). **tarte de fruta** fruit pie. **tarte de ragu** potpie. **tarte merengida de limon** lemon meringue pie.

**tartesica** *adj.* & *n.* Tartessian.

**Tarteso** *n.* Tartessos (*ancient city*).

**tarteta** *n.* tart; patty (*cake*).

**tarti** *vt.* pie.

**tas** *n.* cup. **tas de te** teacup; cup of tea.

**taseta** *n.* demitasse, small cup.

**tasi-** *pref.* taxi- (*arrangement*).

**tasidermia** *n.* taxidermy.

**tasidermiste** *n.* taxidermist.

**tasin** *adj.* cuplike, cup-shaped.

**Tasman, Mar** *n.* Tasman Sea.

**Tasmania** *n.* Tasmania.

**taso** *n.* rate (*numerical*). **taso de interesa** interest rate. **taso de mori** death rate. **taso de nase** birth rate.

**tason**¹ *n.* taxon (*biology*).

**tason**² *n.* mug, beaker. **tason de peltre** tankard.

**tasonomia** *n.* taxonomy.

**tasonomial** *adj.* taxonomic.

**tasonomiste** *n.* taxonomist.

**tatami** *n.* tatami (*mat*).

**tatar** *adj.* & *n.* Tatar (*person*, *language*).

**tatica** *n.* tactic, tack. **tatica defendente** countermeasure.

**tatical** *adj.* tactical.

**taticiste** *n.* tactician.

**tato** *n.* tact.

**tatosa** *adj.* tactful.

**tatua** *vt.* & *n.* tattoo.

**tau** *n.* tau (*Greek letter*).

**tautolojia** *n.* tautology.

**taverna** *n.* tavern, pub, alehouse, brasserie, roadhouse, saloon. See *bar, beveria*.

**tavernor** *n.* publican.

**Taxcent** *n.* Tashkent.

**taxe** *n.* task, chore, job, assignment. **taxes de casa** housework, domestic chores, homemaking. **taxes de scola**schoolwork.

**taxi** *n.* taxi, cab, taxicab.

**taximetre** *n.* taximeter.

**taxiste** *n.* taxi driver, cab driver, cabbie, cabby.

**taxo** *n.* yew (*tree*: *Taxus*).

**taxor** *n.* taskmaster.

**te** *n.* tea (*plant*, *leaves*, *drink*: *Camellia sinensis*). **te de bosce** teaberry, checkerberry, boxberry, American wintergreen (*Gaultheria procumbens*).

**teatral** *adj.* theatrical, theatric. ● *n.* play, theatrical performance. **teatral de musica** musical (*play*). **teatral de revista** revue. **teatral mascida** masque, masked play, mummery.

**teatro** *n.* theatre (US theater) (*place*, *art*), playhouse, auditorium. **teatro de opera** opera house.

**teca** *n.* teak (*tree*, *wood*: *Tectona grandis*).

**tecel** *n.* dachshund (*dog*).

**tecila** *n.* tequila (*drink*).

**tecla** *n.* key. **tecla de entra** enter key, return key. **tecla de spasio** spacebar. **tecla de tabli** tab key. **tecla rapida** shortcut key, accelerator key.

**teclador** *n.* keyboard.

**tecladoreta** *n.* keypad. **tecladoreta numeral** numeric keypad.

**tecli** *vt.* key. ● *n.* keypress, keystroke.

**tecnesio** *n.* technetium (*element*).

**tecnica** *n.* technique; technics.

**tecnical** *adj.* technical.

**tecniciste** *n.* technician.

**tecno**¹ *adj.* & *n.* techno (*music*).

**tecno-**² *pref.* techno-.

**tecnocrata** *adj.* technocratic. ● *n.* technocrat.

**tecnocratia** *n.* technocracy.

**tecnofilia** *n.* technophilia.

**tecnofilica** *adj.* & *n.* technophile, techie, techy.

**tecnofobia** *n.* technophobia.

**tecnofobica** *adj.* technophobic. ● *n.* technophobe.

**tecnolojia** *n.* technology. **tecnolojia alta** high tech. **tecnolojia basa** low tech.

**tecnolojial** *adj.* technological.

**tef** *n.* teff (*plant*).

**teflon** *n.* teflon.

**Tehan** *n.* South Korea. **tehan** *adj.* & *n.* South Korean. See *Corea Sude*.

**teisme** [teïsme] *n.* theism.

**teiste** [teïste] *adj.* & *n.* theist.

**tela** *n.* (*piece of*) cloth, towel. **tela de bani** bath towel. **tela de colo** cravat, ascot, neckerchief. **tela de testa**headscarf, kerchief, wimple. **telas de leto** bedclothes, bedding.

**tele**¹ *n.* (*colloquial*) TV, telly (*television set*).

**tele-**² *pref.* tele- (*remote*).

**telecinese** *n.* telekinesis, psychokinesis.

**telecomanda** *vt.* operate by remote control. ● *n.* remote control (*action*).

**telecomandada** *adj.* remote-controlled.

**telecomandador** *n.* remote control, remote controller.

**telecomunica** *vt.* telecommunicate. ● *n.* telecommunication.

**telefon** *n.* telephone, phone. **telefon astuta** smartphone. **telefon de porte** doorphone, intercom, talkback.

**telefoneta** *n.* mobile phone, cellular phone, cellphone, handset.

**telefoni** *vt.* telephone, phone, call, ring; e.g. *me telefoni a tu*; *me telefoni la detalias a tu*. ● *n.* phone call.

**telefonia** *n.* telephony, telecommunication.

**telefoniste** *n.* telephonist, operator.

**telefoto** *n.* telephoto lens.

**telegraf** *n.* telegraph.

**telegrafi** *vt.* telegraph.

**telegrafia** *n.* telegraphy.

**telegram** *n.* telegram.

**telelabora** *vi.* telecommute, telework. ● *n.* telecommuting, teleworking.

**telelaboror** *n.* telecommuter, teleworker.

**telemarc** *n.* telemark (*skiing*).

**telemetre** *n.* telemeter; rangefinder.

**telemetri** *n.* telemetry.

**telenovela** *n.* soap opera, soap, TV serial, telenovela.

**teleolojia** *n.* teleology.

**teleolojial** *adj.* teleological.

**telepatia** *n.* telepathy.

**telepatica** *adj.* telepathic. ● *n.* telepath.

**teleporta** *vi.* teleport, teleportation.

**teleportador** *n.* teleport, teleporter.

**telescopial** *adj.* telescopic.

**telescopio** *n.* telescope, spyglass. **Telescopio** *n.* Telescopium (*constellation*).

**telesenta** *n.* chairlift.

**teleta** *n.* handkerchief, hanky, napkin. **teleta de bava** (*baby’s*) bib. **teleta de bebe** nappy, diaper. **teleta de casola** potholder. **teleta de fem** sanitary napkin, sanitary towel. **teleta de lava** washcloth, washrag, facecloth, flannel; dishcloth, dishrag. **teleta de paper** paper towel, tissue.

**teletapador** *n.* teleprinter, teletype.

**teletape** *v.* teleprint, teletype.

**televanjelisme** *n.* televangelism.

**televanjeliste** *n.* televangelist.

**televide** *vt.* view television, watch television.

**televidor** *n.* television viewer.

**televisa** *vt.* televise, show on television. ● *n.* television (*phenomenon*). **televisa colorosa** colour (US color) television. **televisa de vijila** closed-circuit television, CCTV. **televisa par paia** pay TV.

**televisada** *adj.* on television, televised.

**televisador** *n.* television set.

**teli** *vt.* tile.

**telia** *n.* tile, shingle.

**telica** *adj.* telic (*expressing purpose*).

**telicia** *n.* telicity.

**telieta** *n.* wafer (*electronics*).

**telon** *n.* sheet, tablecloth. **telon funeral** funeral cloth, pall.

**telonin** *adj.* sheetlike.

**telugu** *adj.* & *n.* Telugu (*person*, *language*).

**telurio** *n.* tellurium (*element*).

**tema** *n.* theme, subject, topic, idea; motif, pattern; thesis. **tema xef** main theme, leitmotif, keynote.

**temal** *adj.* thematic; on-topic.

**teme** *vt.* fear, dread. ● *n.* fear, dread, angst.

**temente** *adj.* afraid.

**temi** *vi.* topicalize (*linguistics*). ● *n.* topicalization (*linguistics*).

**temosa** *adj.* fearful, afraid, alarmed.

**tempador** *n.* timer (*device*).

**tempal**¹ *adj.* temporal (*anatomy*). **lobe tempal** temporal lobe. **oso tempal** temporal bone.

**tempal**² *adj.* temporal (*of time*).

**tempe** *n.* temple (*anatomy*).

**tempera**¹ *vt.* temper (*emotion*, *metal*, *music*). ● *n.* temper, temperament.

**tempera**² *n.* tempera (*art*).

**temperada** *adj.* temperate; mild (*weather*). **bon temperada** well-tempered.

**temperatur** *n.* temperature. **temperatur ambiente** ambient temperature. **temperatur de sala** room temperature.

**tempesta** *n.* storm, tempest, squall. **tempesta de arena** sandstorm. **tempesta de foco** firestorm, inferno.**tempesta de venta** windstorm. **tempesta granizosa** hailstorm. **tempesta lamposa** thunderstorm.

**tempestosa** *adj.* stormy, tempestuous.

**templo** *n.* temple (*religious*).

**tempo** *n.* time (*concept*, *duration*, *historical period*); tense (*grammar*). **a la mesma tempo** at the same time.**a no tempo** at no time, never. **a tempo** on time, in time, punctually. **a tempo conveninte** at an appropriate time, in due course. **de tempo longa** longstanding. **de tempo partal** part-time. **de tempo plen** full-time. **en tempo real** real-time. **tempo de gera** wartime. **tempo de pausa** time out, rest period. **tempo libre** free time, spare time. See *ves*.

**tempora** *adj.* temporary, ephemeral, interim, fleeting, transient, makeshift, provisional, transitional. ● *adv.*temporarily.

**temprana** *adj.* early. ● *n.* early part; e.g. *en la temprana de 1974*.

**temprania** *n.* earliness.

**tempura** *n.* tempura (*food*).

**tenable** *adj.* holdable, tenable.

**tenda** *n.* tent, marquee.

**tende** *vt.* tend, be inclined. ● *n.* tendency, propensity, proclivity, inclination, penchant, trend.

**tendon** *n.* tendon, sinew. **tendon pos la jeno** hamstring.

**tendonite** *n.* tendonitis, tendinitis.

**tendonosa** *adj.* sinewy, wiry.

**tendor** *n.* camper.

**tenebrio** *n.* meal beetle (*Tenebrio molitor*). **tenebrio larval** mealworm.

**tenesino** *n.* tennessine (*element*).

**teni** *vt.* hold, grasp, grip, clutch, cling to, hold on to; detain. ● *n.* hold, grasp, grip, clutch. **teni a via** keep away, ward off, deter. **teni como ostaje** hold (*as*) hostage. **teni manos** hold hands.

**tenibota** *n.* boot jack, boot pull (*for removing boots*).

**teniloca** *n.* placeholder, surrogate.

**teninte** *n.* lieutenant.

**tenis** *n.* tennis. **tenis de table** table tennis, ping-pong.

**tenisor** *n.* tennis player.

**Tennessee** [tenesí] *n.* Tennessee (*US state*).

**tenor** *adj.* & *n.* tenor (*music*).

**tenrec** *n.* tenrec (*animal*: *Tenrecidae*).

**tensa** *vi.* tighten, strain, clench. ● *n.* tension, stress, strain. **tensa eletrical** electric tension, electric potential difference, voltage. **tensa sua dentes** grit one’s teeth.

**tensada** *adj.* tense, taut, tight, strained, stressed.

**tensal** *adj.* tensile.

**tensor** *n.* tensor.

**tenta** *vt.* tempt, lure, bait, entice. ● *n.* temptation, lure, bait, enticement.

**tentable** *adj.* temptable, vulnerable (*to temptation*).

**tentaculo** *n.* tentacle. **tentaculo de oio** eyestalk.

**tentaculosa** *adj.* tentacled.

**tentada** *adj.* tempted.

**tentante** *adj.* tempting. ● *n.* lure, bait.

**tentor** *n.* tempter, temptress.

**teo-** *pref.* theo- (*god*).

**teocrata** *adj.* theocratic. ● *n.* theocrat.

**teocratia** *n.* theocracy.

**teodolito** *n.* theodolite.

**teolojia** *n.* theology.

**teolojial** *adj.* theological.

**teolojiste** *n.* theologian.

**teorem** *n.* theorem.

**teori** *vt.* theorize. ● *n.* theorization.

**teoria** *n.* theory. **teoria cuantal** quantum theory. **teoria de caos** chaos theory. **teoria de categorias**category theory. **teoria de colies** set theory. **teoria de computa** theory of computation. **teoria de computablia** computability theory. **teoria de controla** control theory. **teoria de cordetas** string theory. **teoria de evolui** theory of evolution. **teoria de grafes** graph theory. **teoria de grupos** group theory. **teoria de informa** information theory. **teoria de mesuras** measure theory. **teoria de numeros**number theory. **teoria de ordinas** order theory. **teoria de probablia** probability theory. **teoria legal**jurisprudence.

**teorial** *adj.* theoretical, theoretic.

**teoriste** *n.* theorist.

**teosofia** *n.* theosophy.

**teosofiste** *n.* theosophist.

**tepida** *adj.* warm, lukewarm, tepid.

**tepidi** *vi.* warm (*slightly*).

**tepidia** *n.* tepidness, tepidity.

**tera**¹ *n.* land, ground, earth, dirt. ● *pref.* terra- (*earth*). **Tera** *n.* Earth (*planet*). **a tera** ashore, on shore. **de tera**earthen. **de tera a aira** surface-to-air, ground-to-air. **de tera a tera** surface-to-surface, ground-to-surface. **tera cultivada** farmland. **tera de nun** no man’s land. **tera de trigo** wheatland. **tera nonconoseda** unknown territory, terra incognita. **tera nova** new land, virgin territory. **tera savaje**wilderness, outback. **tera xef** mainland.

**tera-**² *pref.* tera- (*a million million*).

**terabait** *n.* terabyte.

**teracota** *n.* terracotta.

**teral** *adj.* earthly.

**teran** *adj.* terrestrial, Terran. ● *n.* earthling, Terran.

**terapia** *n.* therapy.

**terapiste** *n.* therapist.

**teraplen** *n.* embankment.

**teratofobia** *n.* teratophobia.

**teratofobica** *adj.* teratophobic.

**teratojen** *adj.* teratogenic (*medical*). ● *n.* teratogen.

**teravada** *adj.* Theravada (*Buddhism*).

**teraza** *n.* terrace, patio, stoop, steps. **teraza de lenio** deck, decking.

**terazi** *vt.* terrace.

**terazida** *adj.* terraced, stepped.

**terbio** *n.* terbium (*element*).

**terebentin** *n.* turpentine.

**teremin** *n.* theremin (*musical instrument*).

**tereno** *n.* terrain. **tereno alta** highland, highlands. **tereno basa** lowland, lowlands. **tereno savaje** badlands.

**tereria** *n.* terrarium.

**teria** *n.* teashop, tearoom.

**teriaci** *n.* teriyaki (*food*).

**terier** *n.* terrier (*dog*). **terier de Airedale** Airedale terrier.

**teritorial** *adj.* territorial.

**teritorio** *n.* territory. **teritorio ultramar** overseas territory. **Teritorios Norde-ueste** Northwest Territories.

**terma** *n.* term, expression. **termas tecnical** technical terms, terminology, jargon.

**termal** *adj.* thermal.

**termina** *n.* terminal.

**terminolojia** *n.* terminology.

**terminolojial** *adj.* terminological.

**terminolojiste** *n.* terminologist.

**termita** *n.* thermite.

**termite** *n.* termite (*insect*: *Termitidae*and related families).

**termo-** *pref.* thermo- (*heat*).

**termodinamica** *n.* thermodynamics.

**termodinamical** *adj.* thermodynamic.

**termoduple** *n.* thermocouple.

**termofilia** *n.* thermophilia.

**termofilica** *adj.* thermophilic. ● *n.* thermophile.

**termometre** *n.* thermometer.

**termonucleal** *adj.* thermonuclear.

**termos** *n.* thermos, vacuum flask, Dewar flask.

**termostato** *n.* thermostat.

**teror** *n.* terror, horror.

**terori** *vt.* terrify, horrify; terrorize, tyrannize.

**terorinte** *adj.* terrifying, horrifying, bloodcurdling, spine-chilling.

**terorisme** *n.* terrorism.

**teroriste** *n.* terrorist.

**terosa** *adj.* earthy.

**tersiaria** *adj.* & *n.* Tertiary (*geology*).

**tese** *n.* thesis, dissertation, treatise.

**tesla** *n.* tesla (*unit of magnetic induction*).

**tesoreria** *n.* treasury, storehouse, exchequer.

**tesori** *vi.* become treasured, become cherished, become enshrined. ● *vt.* treasure, cherish, enshrine.

**tesoro** *n.* treasure; thesaurus. **tesoro falsa** worthless treasure, goldbrick. **tesoros** treasures, riches, hoard.

**tesoror** *n.* treasurer.

**testa** *n.* head, pate, bonce. **con prima sua testa** headlong, head first. **sin testa** headless. **testa de leto**headboard. **testa rasada** shaven head, skinhead.

**testal** *adj.* textual.

**testeta** *n.* head (*camera*, *recording device*).

**testi** *vt.* head; headbutt. ● *n.* header (*soccer*).

**testiculal** *adj.* testicular.

**testiculo** *n.* testicle, testis (*anatomy*).

**testo** *n.* text, document, lyrics. **testo de fonte** source code, source text. **testo ru** draft, rough draft. **testos**texts, documentation.

**testosterona** *n.* testosterone.

**teta**¹ *n.* nipple, teat (*anatomy*).

**teta**² *n.* theta (*Greek letter*).

**tetania** *n.* tetany (*medical*).

**tetano** *n.* tetanus, lockjaw (*medical*).

**teti** *vt.* suckle, breastfeed.

**tetin** *n.* pacifier, comforter, dummy (*for baby*).

**teto** *n.* roof, rooftop; deck. **sin teto** roofless, topless. **teto de palia** thatched roof. **teto dur** hardtop (*car*). **teto solal** sunroof.

**teton** *n.* (*colloquial*) tit, boob, knocker (*breast*).

**tetonica** *n.* tectonics.

**tetonical** *adj.* tectonic.

**tetor** *n.* roofer.

**tetra**¹ *n.* tetra (*fish*: *Characiformes*). **tetra african** African tetra (*Alestidae*). **tetra american** American tetra (*Characidae*, *Lebiasinidae*).

**tetra-**² *pref.* tetra- (*four*).

**tetraedro** *adj.* tetrahedral. ● *n.* tetrahedron.

**tetralojia** *n.* tetralogy (*group of four*). **tetralojia de Fallot** tetralogy of Fallot (*medical*).

**tetrametre** *n.* tetrameter (*poetry*).

**tetraplejia** *n.* tetraplegia, quadriplegia.

**tetraplejica** *adj.* & *n.* tetraplegic, quadriplegic.

**tetrarca** *n.* tetrarch (*governor*).

**tetrarcia** *n.* tetrarchy.

**tetrasiclina** *n.* tetracycline (*antibiotic*).

**texador** *n.* loom. **texador de Jacquard** Jacquard loom. **texador de mano** handloom.

**Texas** [técsas] *n.* Texas (*US state*).

**texe** *vt.* weave; spin. ● *n.* weaving. **texe de capeles** hairweaving.

**texeda** *adj.* woven. ● *n.* tissue (*organic*). **texeda a casa** homespun. **texeda scotes** plaid, tartan.

**texeta** *v.* & *n.* darn.

**texon** *n.* badger (*Melinae*, *Mellivorinae*, *Taxidiinae*).

**texoneria** *n.* sett, badger lair, badger burrow.

**texor** *n.* weaver (*including bird*: *Ploceidae*).

**Thar, Deserto** *n.* Great Indian Desert, Thar Desert.

**tia** *n.* aunt.

**tiamina** *n.* thiamine (*vitamin*).

**Tibet** *n.* Tibet. See *Bod*.

**tibetan** *adj.* & *n.* Tibetan. See *bod*.

**tibia** *n.* shin, shinbone, tibia.

**tic** *n.* tic (*spasm*).

**tica** *n.* tick (*arachnid*: *Ixodoidea*).

**ticodroma** *n.* wallcreeper (*bird*: *Tichodroma muraria*).

**tictac** *interj.* tick-tock.

**tictaci** *vi.* tick (*clock*). ● *n.* tick, ticking.

**tie** *n.* aunt or uncle; (*colloquial*) family member of an older generation.

**tifa** *n.* cattail, bulrush (*plant*: *Typha*).

**tifo** *n.* typhus.

**tifoide** *adj.* & *n.* typhoid.

**tigre** *n.* tiger (*Panthera tigris*).

**tigreta** *n.* tiger cub.

**Tigris, Rio** *n.* Tigris River.

**tilde** *n.* tilde (*diacritic*).

**tilia** *adj.* chartreuse, lime. ● *n.* linden, lime tree (*Tilia*).

**tim** *n.* thyme (*plant*: *Thymus*).

**timida** *adj.* timid, shy, coy, diffident, bashful, faint-hearted, pusillanimous. ● *n.* shy person, milquetoast, wallflower.

**timidia** *n.* timidity, shyness, coyness, diffidence.

**timo** *n.* thymus (*anatomy*).

**timon** *n.* rudder, helm. **sin timon** rudderless.

**timonor** *n.* helmsman.

**Timor** *n.* Timor. **Mar Timor** Timor Sea. **Timor Este** East Timor.

**timoran** *adj.* & *n.* Timorese.

**timpan** *n.* tympanum, eardrum (*anatomy*).

**timpano** *n.* timpano, timpani, timp, kettle drum.

**tin** *adj.* avuncular.

**tinamo** *n.* tinamou (*bird*: *Tinamidae*).

**tinca** *n.* tench, doctor fish (*Tinca tinca*).

**tinea** *n.* ringworm, dermatophytosis (*medical*).

**tinia** *n.* clothes moth (*Tineidae*).

**tinito** *n.* tinnitus (*medical*).

**tinje** *vt.* tint, tinge, dye, stain. ● *n.* tint, hue, shade; nuance; timbre.

**tinjente** *adj.* tinting, tinging. ● *n.* dye, stain (*substance*).

**tinocor** *n.* seed-snipe (*bird*: *Thinocoridae*).

**tintina** *vi.* tinkle, jingle, jangle, clang, clank, clink; ring (*phone*). ● *n.* tinkle, jingle, jangle, clang, clank, clink, clangour (US clangor).

**tintura** *n.* tincture (*medicine*).

**tio** *n.* uncle. **como tio** avuncular.

**tipal** *adj.* typical, representative, characteristic. **es tipal de** be typical of, typify.

**tipi** *n.* tipi, teepee, tepee (*tent*).

**tipo** *n.* type, sort, kind; type (*printing*). **tipo de dato** data type. **tipo de letera** typeface, font. **tipo movable**movable type.

**tipografi** *vt.* typeset.

**tipografia** *n.* typography, typesetting. **tipografia par computador** desktop publishing.

**tipografial** *adj.* typographic, typographical.

**tipografiste** *n.* typographer.

**tipolojia** *n.* typology.

**tipolojial** *adj.* typological.

**tipula** *n.* crane fly (*Tipulomorpha*).

**tira** *vt.* pull, drag, haul, lug, tug, pluck; tow, draw, trail. ● *n.* pull, tug, traction. **tira a tera** pull to the ground, pull down, tackle; shoot down. **tira sua pedes** drag one’s feet, shuffle along.

**tiracampana** *n.* bell pull, bell rope.

**tirada** *adj.* pulled. **tirada par cavalo** horse-drawn.

**tirador** *n.* tractor (*with trailer*).

**tiramisu** [tiramisú] *n.* tiramisu (*dessert*).

**tiranal** *adj.* tyrannic, tyrannical.

**tirania** *n.* tyranny, dictatorship, despotism.

**tiranin** *adj.* tyrannical, tyrantlike.

**tiraniosa** *adj.* tyrannous.

**tirano** *n.* tyrant, dictator, despot, strongman; tyrant flycatcher (*bird*: *Tyrannidae*). **es tirano a** tyrannize, boss around, lord it over.

**tiranosauro** *n.* tyrannosaur, tyrannosaurus (*Tyrannosauridae*).

**tiratapo** *n.* corkscrew.

**tiroide** *n.* thyroid (*anatomy*).

**tiroidectomia** *n.* thyroidectomy (*surgery*).

**tisa** *vt.* stoke, stir up, incite; tease, tantalize.

**tisacafe** *n.* coffee stirrer.

**tisafoco** *n.* poker (*for fire*).

**tisanotera** *n.* thrips, thunderfly (*Thysanoptera*).

**tisante** *adj.* teasing. ● *n.* trailer, trail (*film*, *TV*).

**-tise** *n.suff.* -ptysis (*spitting*).

**tisor** *n.* troublemaker, provocateur; tease, hussy, tart, tramp, lolita, coquette, minx, jezebel.

**titan** *n.* Titan.

**titanio** *n.* titanium.

**titi** *n.* titi (*monkey*: *Callicebus*).

**titila** *vt.* tickle; cause to tingle; titillate. ● *n.* tickle; titillation.

**titilable** *adj.* ticklish.

**titilosa** *adj.* tingly, tingling.

**tito** *n.* barn owl, bay owl (*Tylonidae*).

**titola** *vt.* titrate. ● *n.* titration, titrimetry.

**titulal** *adj.* titular.

**tituli** *vt.* title, entitle, give a title to.

**titulo** *n.* title, headline, heading; caption (*of image*); rubric, regular column (*magazine*); rank, peerage. **par titulo** *adj.* nominal, in title. ● *adv.* nominally, in title. **titulo finansial** security (*tradable asset*). **titulos codal** closing titles, closing credits. **titulos inisial** opening titles, opening credits.

**tlingit** *adj.* & *n.* Tlingit (*person*, *language*).

**tobagonian** *adj.* & *n.* Tobagonian.

**tobogan** *n.* slide, chute. **tobogan de acua** water slide. **tobogan elica** helter-skelter, spiral slide.

**toca** *vt.* touch, abut; pluck (*a stringed instrument*). ● *n.* touch. ● *interj.* touché. **toca con ditos** finger.

**tocable** *adj.* touchable, tangible.

**tocante** *adj.* touching. ● *n.* tap, flap (*consonant*).

**tocata** *n.* toccata (*music*).

**Tocelau** *n.* Tokelau. **tocelau** *adj.* & *n.* Tokelauan.

**Tocio** *n.* Tokyo.

**toco** *n.* toque (*cap*).

**tofu** *n.* tofu, bean curd (*food*).

**toga** *n.* toga (*garment*).

**Togo** *n.* Togo.

**togoles** *adj.* & *n.* Togolese.

**tolera** *vt.* tolerate, bear, endure, stand, abide, put up with. ● *n.* tolerance, endurance, stamina.

**tolerable** *adj.* bearable, tolerable.

**tolerante** *adj.* tolerant, easygoing.

**tomate** *n.* tomato (*Solanum lycopersicum*).

**tomba** *n.* grave, tomb, crypt, vault, sepulchre (US sepulcher). **tomba coletiva** mass grave.

**tombi** *vt.* entomb.

**tombin** *adj.* tomblike, sepulchral.

**-tome** *n.suff.* -tome (*cutting tool*).

**-tomia** *n.suff.* -tomy (*cutting*).

**-tomica** *adj.suff.* -tomic.

**tomografia** *n.* tomography.

**tomtom** *n.* tom, tomtom (*drum*).

**ton** *n.* tonne, metric ton (*1000 kg*).

**tona** *vi.* & *n.* thunder.

**tonal** *adj.* tonal.

**tonalia** *n.* key (*music*).

**tong** *n.* tong (*secret society*).

**Tonga** *n.* Tonga.

**tongan** *adj.* & *n.* Tongan.

**tonin** *adj.* thunderous.

**tono** *n.* tone, pitch, musical note; intonation. **tono completa** whole note, semibreve. **tono cuatrida** quarter note, crotchet. **tono des-sesida** sixteenth note, semiquaver. **tono duida** half note, minim. **tono duple**double whole note, breve. **tono musculal** muscle tone. **tono otida** eighth note, quaver. **tono sesdes-cuatrida** sixty-fourth note, hemidemisemiquaver. **tono tredes-duida** thirty-second note, demisemiquaver.

**tonsil** *n.* tonsil (*anatomy*).

**tonsilectomia** *n.* tonsillectomy (*surgery*).

**tonsilite** *n.* tonsillitis (*medical*).

**tonsura** *n.* tonsure (*shaven head*).

**topazio** *n.* topaz (*gem*).

**tope** *adj.* & *n.* taupe (*colour*).

**topiaria** *n.* topiary.

**topo-** *pref.* topo-.

**topografia** *n.* topography.

**topografial** *adj.* topographic, topographical.

**topolojia** *n.* topology.

**toponim** *adj.* toponymic. ● *n.* toponym.

**tora** *n.* Torah (*Judaism*).

**torax** *n.* thorax.

**toraxal** *adj.* thoracic.

**torba** *n.* peat (*soil*).

**torca** *n.* nut (*for bolt*). **torca papilin** wing nut.

**torce** *n.* torc (*ornament*).

**tore** *n.* tower; rook (*chess*). **tore de apartes** apartment block, block of flats. **tore de garda** guard tower, defence (US defense) tower, barbican. **tore de vijila** watchtower, lookout.

**toreta** *n.* turret.

**tori**¹ *n.* torii (*gate*).

**tori**² *n.* Tory (*politics*).

**tori**³ *vi.* tower (*over*).

**torio** *n.* thorium (*element*).

**tormenta** *vt.* torment, bully, scourge, hector; nag, badger, bedevil, beset. ● *n.* torment, bullying.

**tormentor** *n.* tormentor, bully.

**tornado** *n.* tornado.

**torneo** *n.* tournament, championship; tourney, joust. **torneo de lansias** joust.

**torpe** *adj.* clumsy, awkward, maladroit, ungainly, ham-fisted, physically inept. ● *n.* clumsy person, oaf, clodhopper, lummox.

**torpedo** *n.* torpedo.

**torpi** *vi.* fumble, become clumsy. ● *vt.* make clumsy.

**torpia** *n.* clumsiness.

**Torres, Streta** *n.* Strait of Torres.

**torse** *vi.* twist, tweak. ● *vt.* twist, wring. ● *n.* twist, torsion, contorsion, kink. **torse sua colo** crane one’s neck, rubberneck.

**torsosa** *adj.* tortuous, kinky.

**torta** *n.* cake, pastry, torte. **torta arenin** shortcake (*dessert*). **torta de cafe** coffeecake. **torta de ceso**cheesecake. **torta de Foresta Negra** Black Forest gâteau. **torta de fruta** fruitcake. **torta sponjin**sponge cake.

**tortelini** *n.* tortellini (*food*).

**torteria** *n.* pastry shop.

**torteta** *n.* cupcake. **torteta de xocolada** brownie.

**tortilia** *n.* tortilla (*food*).

**tortor** *n.* pastry baker, pastry chef.

**tortora** *n.* turtledove, collared dove (*Streptopelia*).

**tortuga** *n.* tortoise, turtle (*Testudines*).

**tortura** *vt.* & *n.* torture, torment.

**torturor** *n.* torturer.

**torturosa** *adj.* torturous, excruciating.

**torxa** *n.* torch (*flaming*). **torxa per solda** blowtorch.

**torxi** *vt.* torch (*set fire to*).

**torxor** *n.* torchbearer.

**Toscana** *n.* Tuscany (*Italian region*).

**tose**¹ *vt.* & *n.* cough.

**-tose**² *n.suff.* -ptosis (*sagging*).

**-tosia** *n.suff.* -tocia (*birth*).

**tosta** *vt.* toast (*grill*).

**tostada** *adj.* toasted. ● *n.* toast (*bread*).

**tostador** *n.* toaster.

**tota** *det.* all (*quantity*), the whole of; e.g. *tota la libros*; *tota la pan*; *tra tota la note*. ● *adv.* all. ● *pron.* all (*singular or plural*); e.g. *tota de nos*. **a tota veses** on all occasions. **en tota locas** everywhere (*collectively*). **en tota modos** by all means, in every way. **en tota partes** throughout, everywhere (*collectively*). **tota cosas** all things, everything (*collectively*). **tota de mundo** everyone, everybody. **tota no** *det.* none at all, none whatsoever. ● *adv.* not at all. **totas** all (*people or things*, *optional plural pronoun*).

**totem** *n.* totem.

**toxemia** *n.* toxaemia (US toxemia).

**toxicolojia** *n.* toxicology.

**toxicolojial** *adj.* toxicological.

**toxicolojiste** *n.* toxicologist.

**toxina** *n.* toxin. **toxina de botulisme** botulinum toxin.

**toxinia** *n.* toxicity.

**tra** *prep.* • through; via; e.g. *acua flue tra la tubos*; *core tra la campos*; *regarda la sielo tra la fenetra*; *de Milano a Roma tra Bologna*. • throughout (*a place or period*); during, for (*an elapsed time or distance actually travelled*); e.g. *la odor es tra la vila*; *leje tra la note*; *on ia esperimenta tra du anios ante trova la solve*. **a tra** through. **tra cuando** as long as, so long as. **tra la dia** all day, all the time, continually. **tra la vive**lifelong.

**tracea** *n.* trachea, windpipe.

**traceotomia** *n.* tracheotomy.

**Tracia** *n.* Thrace (*ancient region*).

**tradi** *vt.* defect, commit treason, betray. ● *n.* betrayal, treason, treachery, perfidy; sell-out.

**tradision** *n.* tradition.

**tradisional** *adj.* traditional, conservative, folksy.

**tradisionalisme** *n.* traditionalism.

**tradisionaliste** *n.* traditionalist.

**trador** *n.* traitor, defector, recreant, quisling.

**tradosa** *adj.* treasonous, treacherous, perfidious.

**traduable** *adj.* translatable.

**traduador** *n.* automatic translator, machine translation system.

**tradui** *vt.* translate. ● *n.* translation. **tradui prestada** loan translation, calque.

**traduor** *n.* translator.

**trae** *vt.* bring, deliver, convey. ● *n.* delivery.

**trafica** *vi.* circulate. ● *vt.* & *n.* traffic.

**traficor** *n.* trafficker. **traficor de armas** gunrunner.

**tragon** *n.* tarragon, estragon (*plant*: *Artemisia dracunculus*).

**tragulo** *n.* chevrotain, mouse deer (*Tragulidae*).

**trajedia** *n.* tragedy.

**trajedial** *adj.* tragic.

**trajicomedia** *n.* tragicomedy.

**trajicomedial** *adj.* tragicomic.

**tram** *n.* trolley car, tram, streetcar. **tram volante** cable car.

**tram-bus** *n.* trolleybus.

**trama** *vt.* texture; shade, shade in, crosshatch; plot (*story*). ● *n.* weft, woof, texture; plot (*story*).

**trampolin** *n.* trampoline, springboard. **trampolin de tufa** diving board.

**tramvia** *n.* tramway.

**trans-** *pref.* trans- (*across*).

**transatlantica** *adj.* transatlantic.

**transcontinental** *adj.* transcontinental.

**transcrive** *vt.* transcribe. ● *n.* transcription, transcript.

**transduador** *n.* transducer.

**transdui** *vt.* transduce. ● *n.* transduction.

**transe** *n.* trance.

**transende** *vt.* transcend. ● *n.* transcendence.

**transendentalisme** *n.* transcendentalism.

**transendente** *adj.* transcendent, transcendental.

**transesal** *adj.* & *n.* transexual.

**transesalia** *n.* transexuality.

**transetador** *n.* transceiver.

**transfemin** *adj.* transfeminine.

**transfobia** *n.* transphobia.

**transfobica** *adj.* transphobic. ● *n.* transphobe.

**transfusa** *vt.* transfuse. ● *n.* transfusion.

**Transilvania** *n.* Transylvania.

**transistor** *n.* transistor.

**transita** *vt.* & *n.* transit.

**transitiva** *adj.* transitive.

**transitivia** *n.* transitivity.

**transjenero** *adj.* transgender. ● *n.* transgender person.

**transmaral** *adj.* transoceanic.

**transmasin** *adj.* transmasculine.

**transmetador** *n.* transmitter.

**transmete** *vt.* transmit (*signal*, *power*, *etc.*), broadcast. ● *n.* transmission, broadcast.

**transmetente** *adj.* transmitting.

**transparente** *adj.* transparent, see-through; open (*government*). ● *n.* transparency (*for projection*).

**transparentia** *n.* transparency.

**transpasifica** *adj.* transpacific.

**transpira** *vt.* transpire. ● *n.* transpiration.

**transplanta** *vt.* transplant. ● *n.* transplantation.

**transpondador** *n.* transponder.

**transponde** *vt.* transpond.

**transpone** *vt.* transpose. ● *n.* transposition.

**transporta** *vt.* transport, convey; carry, harbour (US harbor) (*disease*). ● *n.* transport, transportation.**transporta par avion** transport by air, airlift.

**transportador** *n.* conveyor, transporter.

**transportor** *n.* transporter, carrier, courier (*person*). **transportores** carrier, courier (*company*).

**transuma** *vt.* seasonally move (*livestock*). ● *n.* transhumance.

**transumante** *adj.* transhumant.

**transvesti** *vt.* cross-dress. ● *n.* cross-dressing, transvestism, transvestitism.

**transvestida** *adj.* cross-dressed, in drag. ● *n.* cross-dresser, transvestist, transvestite.

**trapa** *n.* trap, snare, pitfall; catch, snag (*hidden problem*). **trapa de arena** sand trap, bunker (*golf*).

**trapezio** *adj.* trapezial, trapezoidal. ● *n.* trapezium, trapezoid; trapeze.

**trapezior** *n.* trapeze artist.

**trapezoide** *n.* trapezoid.

**trapi** *vt.* trap, ensnare, snag, corner; strand, maroon; jam, stick (*mechanism*).

**trapida** *adj.* trapped, ensnared; stranded, marooned; jammed, stuck. **trapida par neva** snowbound.

**trapimosca** *n.* flypaper, fly ribbon.

**trapitota** *n.* catchall, ragbag (*miscellaneous category*).

**trapo** *n.* rag. **trapo de polvo** duster, dustrag.

**trapor** *n.* trapper.

**traposa** *adj.* ragged, raggedy, dressed in rags.

**trasa** *vt.* trace (*outline*); graph. ● *n.* tracing; trace, track, trail, spoor, clue. **lasa un trasa** leave a track, leave a trail. **perde trasa de** lose track of. **segue la trasa de** track, follow the track of. **segue un trasa** track, follow a track. **sin un trasa** without a trace. **teni trasa de** keep track of. **trasa de dito** fingerprint.

**trasable** *adj.* traceable.

**trasador** *n.* tracer.

**traseria** *n.* tracery (*architecture*).

**traste** *n.* fret (*of musical instrument*).

**trata** *vt.* treat, process; deal with, cover (*a topic*). ● *n.* treatment; treaty, pact; deal (*trade*). **trata con medisin**medicate. **trata de uni** act of union. **trata prima** prioritize, put first, make a priority, fast-track.

**tratable** *adj.* treatable, operable, tractable.

**tratablia** *n.* tractability.

**trateria** *n.* processing plant. **trateria de acua** waterworks.

**trator** *n.* tractor.

**trauma** *vt.* traumatize. ● *n.* trauma.

**traumal** *adj.* traumatic.

**traversa** *vt.* cross, go across, traverse, ford; transition; sweep through. ● *n.* crossing (*action*), traversal, transition. **traversa nonlegal** cross illegally, jaywalk.

**traversal** *adj.* cross-, transverse. ● *n.* crosspiece; transept.

**traversante** *adj.* crossing, traversing. ● *prep.* crossing, across.

**tre** *det.* three. ● *adj.* third (*ordinal*). ● *pref.* great-great-(*grandparent*). **a tre veses** thrice.

**trealosa** *n.* trehalose (*sugar*).

**treava** *n.* great-great-grandmother.

**treavi** *n.* great-great-grandparent.

**treavo** *n.* great-great-grandfather.

**tredes** *det.* thirty. ● *adj.* thirtieth (*ordinal*). **tredes-alga** *det.* thirty-something. ● *adj.* thirty-somethingth (*ordinal*).

**tredesi** *n.* thirtieth (*fraction*).

**trefolia** *n.* clover, trefoil (*Trifolium*); cloverleaf; club (*cards*).

**trejemelo** *adj.* & *n.* triplet.

**trelis** *n.* truss (*architecture*).

**trema** *vi.* tremble, shiver, shudder, quiver, quail, quake. ● *n.* quake, tremor; tremolo.

**tremante** *adj.* trembling, quivering, tremulous, tremulent, tremorous, aflutter, aquiver.

**trematera** *n.* earthquake.

**trematodo** *n.* trematode, fluke (*worm*: *Trematoda*).

**tremeta** *vi.* & *n.* quiver, wobble, jiggle.

**tren** *n.* train. **tren lenta** slow train, local train. **tren rapida** fast train, express train, express.

**treneta**¹ *n.* great-great-granddaughter.

**treneta**² *n.* toboggan (*simple sledge*).

**trenete** *n.* great-great-grandchild.

**treneto** *n.* great-great-grandson.

**treni** *vt.* ship (*transport by train*).

**treno** *n.* sledge, sled, sleigh. **treno de canes** dogsled, dog sleigh. **treno de tre cavalos** three-horse sled, troika.

**trensa** *vt.* braid, plait, interlace. ● *n.* braid, plait. **trensas african** cornrows (*hairstyle*).

**trenseta** *n.* pigtail (*plaited*).

**trepa** *vt.* clamber, scramble, climb. ● *n.* climbing. **trepa de montanias** mountain climbing, mountaineering.

**trepante** *adj.* climbing (*including plants*).

**trepede** *adj.* tripedal, tripodal. ● *n.* tripod, trivet.

**trepor** *n.* climber, mountaineer.

**trepunto** *n.* ellipsis, dot-dot-dot.

**tresobrin** *n.* cousin of one’s great-grandchildren’s generation.

**tresobrina** *n.* female cousin of one’s great-grandchildren’s generation.

**tresobrino** *n.* male cousin of one’s great-grandchildren’s generation.

**tretia** [tretía] *n.* female cousin of one’s great-grandparents’ generation.

**tretie** *n.* cousin of one’s great-grandparents’ generation.

**tretio** [tretío] *n.* male cousin of one’s great-grandparents’ generation.

**tri**¹ *vi.* split into three. ● *n.* third (*fraction*).

**tri-**² *pref.* tri- (*three*).

**triaje** *n.* triage.

**trianguli** *vt.* triangulate. ● *n.* triangulation.

**triangulo** *adj.* triangular, deltoid. ● *n.* triangle. **Triangulo** *n.* Triangulum (*constellation*). **Triangulo Sude**Triangulum Australe (*constellation*).

**triasica** *adj.* & *n.* Triassic (*geology*).

**triatlon** *n.* triathlon.

**triatlonor** *n.* triathlete.

**tribal** *adj.* tribal.

**tribalisme** *n.* tribalism.

**tribu** *n.* tribe. **fem de tribu** tribeswoman. **membro de tribu** tribesperson. **om de tribu** tribesman.

**tribui** *n.* tribute.

**tribuno** *n.* tribune (*Roman official*, *popular leader*).

**tricina** *n.* trichina (*worm*: *Trichinella*).

**tricinose** *n.* trichinosis (*medical*).

**tricorno** *n.* tricorn, tricorne (*hat*).

**tricota** *vt.* knit.

**tricotada** *n.* knit (*fabric*), tricot.

**tricotero** *n.* caddisfly (*Trichoptera*).

**tricromata** *adj.* trichromatic.

**trictrac** *n.* backgammon.

**trictracor** *n.* backgammon player.

**tricuspide** *n.* tricuspid.

**tridente** *n.* trident.

**tridimensional** *adj.* three-dimensional. ● *adv.* three-dimensionally, in three dimensions.

**trifle** *n.* trifle (*dessert*).

**triftongo** *n.* triphthong (*vowel sound*).

**trigliserido** *n.* triglyceride (*chemistry*).

**trigo** *n.* wheat (*Triticum*). **trigo intera** whole wheat.

**trigonometria** *n.* trigonometry.

**trigonometrial** *adj.* trigonometric, trigonometrical.

**triladal** *adj.* trilateral, three-sided.

**triler** *n.* thriller (*novel*, *movie*).

**trilion** *det.* (*a*) trillion, a million million. ● *adj.* trillionth (*ordinal*).

**trilioni** *vi.* split into a trillion parts. ● *n.* trillionth (*fraction*).

**trilojia** *n.* trilogy.

**trilojiste** *n.* trilogist.

**trimestre** *n.* trimester, term.

**trimetre** *n.* trimeter (*poetry*).

**tringa** *n.* shank, tattler, sandpiper (*bird*: *Tringa*).

**trinia** *n.* trinity (*Christianity*).

**trinial** *adj.* triune.

**trinialisme** *n.* trinitarianism.

**trinialiste** *adj.* trinitarian.

**Trinidad e Tobago** *n.* Trinidad and Tobago.

**trinidadian** *adj.* & *n.* Trinidadian.

**trinxa** *vt.* & *n.* shred.

**trinxador** *n.* shredder.

**tripanosoma** *n.* trypanosome (*organism*).

**tripanosomiase** *n.* trypanosomiasis, sleeping sickness (*medical*).

**tripartisan** *adj.* tripartite.

**-tripsia** *n.suff.* -tripsy (*crushing*).

**triptico** *n.* triptych (*art*).

**triptofan** *n.* tryptophan (*amino acid*).

**triremo** *n.* trireme (*ship*).

**-tris** *n.suff.* -thrix (*hair*).

**trisepe** *n.* triceps (*muscle*).

**triseratopo** *n.* triceratops (*Triceratops*).

**trisicle** *n.* tricycle, trike.

**triste** *adj.* sad, unhappy, melancholy, sorry, heavy-hearted. **es triste sin** miss, be sad without. **tan triste** how sad, what a pity, what a shame, such a shame.

**tristi** *vi.* sadden.

**tristia** *n.* sadness, sorrow, grief, melancholy, unhappiness.

**tristinte** *adj.* saddening, poignant.

**tristiosa** *adj.* full of sadness, sorrowful, woeful, full of grief.

**triton** *n.* newt (*Pleurodelinae*).

**trivia** *n.* trivia, guff.

**trivial** *adj.* trivial, trifling, petty, paltry. ● *n.* triviality, trifle (*something trivial*).

**trivialia** *n.* triviality (*quality*).

**tro** *adv.* too, too much, excessively. **tro multe** *det.* too many, too much, excessive, inordinate. ● *adv.* too much, excessively. **tro poca** *det.* too few, too little, insufficient. ● *adv.* too little, insufficiently.

**troca** *vt.* & *n.* barter, trade.

**trocar** *n.* trocar (*surgical instrument*).

**troceal** *adj.* trochaic.

**troceo** *n.* trochee (*poetry*).

**trocor** *n.* barterer.

**trofeo** *n.* trophy.

**-trofia** *n.suff.* -trophy (*feeding*).

**-trofica** *adj.suff.* -trophic.

**troglodite** *n.* troglodyte, caveman, cave dweller; wren (*bird*: *Troglodytidae*).

**trogo** *n.* trough. **trogo de batiza** baptismal font.

**trogon** *n.* trogon (*bird*: *Trogonidae*).

**Troia** *n.* Troy.

**troian** *adj.* & *n.* Trojan.

**trol** *n.* troll.

**trombo** *n.* thrombus, embolism, blood clot.

**trombopoiese** *n.* thrombopoiesis.

**trombose** *n.* thrombosis.

**trombosite** *n.* thrombocyte, platelet.

**trompa** *n.* horn (*musical instrument*), French horn, trump; trunk (*elephant*). **trompa acual** waterspout.**trompa de Eustacio** Eustachian tube, auditory tube. **trompa de Triton** triton, Triton’s trumpet, Triton snail (*Charonia*). **trompa de utero** Fallopian tube.

**trompeta** *n.* trumpet.

**trompetin** *adj.* trumpetlike, trumpet-shaped.

**trompetiste** *n.* trumpeter.

**trompetor** *n.* trumpeter (*bird*: *Psophia*).

**trompi** *vt.* trumpet, bray.

**trompon** *n.* trombone.

**tronceta** *n.* stem, stalk.

**troncetin** *adj.* stalklike.

**tronco** *n.* trunk (*log*, *torso*); fuselage; frustum (*geometry*); stem (*of word*).

**troni** *vt.* enthrone.

**trono** *n.* throne.

**tropeza** *vi.* stumble, trip, trip over, trip up. ● *vt.* trip, trip up, cause to stumble. ● *n.* stumble, trip. **tropeza de lingua** stumble over one’s words, trip over one’s tongue.

**tropical** *adj.* tropical.

**tropico** *n.* tropic. **Tropico de la Capra** Tropic of Capricorn. **Tropico de la Crabe** Tropic of Cancer.

**tropisme** *n.* tropism.

**troposfera** *n.* troposphere.

**trota** *vi.* & *n.* trot.

**troteria** *n.* sidewalk, pavement.

**trova** *vt.* find. ● *n.* find, discovery. **trova acaso** accidentally find, come across, stumble upon. **trova se** find oneself; be situated.

**trovable** *adj.* discoverable, to be found.

**truci** *vt.* trick.

**trucia** *n.* trickery.

**trucioio** *n.* trompe-l’oeil, optical illusion.

**truco** *n.* trick, ploy; gimmick, schtick; device (*literary*). **truco de majia** magic trick. **truco de mano**legerdemain. **truco perilosa** stunt.

**trucor** *n.* trickster. **trucor de cartas** cardsharp, cardshark.

**trucosa** *adj.* tricky.

**trufa** *n.* truffle (*Tuber*and others).

**trumfo** *n.* trump (*cards*).

**trunca** *vi.* truncate. ● *n.* truncation; stump.

**truncin** *adj.* stumpy, squat.

**truple** *adj.* triple. ● *adv.* triply, thrice. ● *n.* trio, triad; troika; triumvirate.

**truta** *n.* trout (*Salmo*, *Oncorhynchus*).

**tsar** *n.* tsar, czar.

**tsaresa** *n.* tsarina, czarina.

**tsaria** *n.* tsardom, czardom.

**Tsernagora** *n.* Montenegro. See *Montenegro*.

**tsernagorsce** *adj.* & *n.* Montenegrin.

**tsetse** *n.* tsetse fly (*Glossina*).

**tsuana** *adj.* & *n.* Botswanan (*person*), Tswana (*language*). See *Botsuana*.

**tsuga** *n.* tsuga, hemlock (*tree*: *Tsuga*). **tsuga de Douglas** Douglas fir (*Pseudotsuga*).

**tsunami** *n.* tsunami.

**tu** *pron.* you (*singular*).

**tua** *det.* your (*singular*). **la tua** yours.

**tuatara** *n.* tuatara (*reptile*: *Sphenodon*).

**tuba** *n.* tuba (*musical instrument*).

**tubal** *adj.* tubal.

**tuber** *n.* tuber (*biology*).

**tuberculo** *n.* tubercle, apophysis (*biology*).

**tuberculose** *n.* tuberculosis, TB, consumption.

**tuberculosica** *adj.* tuberculous, tubercular.

**tuberosa** *adj.* tuberous.

**tubeta** *n.* tubule.

**tubo** *adj.* tubular. ● *n.* tube, pipe (*conduit*), channel. **sin tubo** tubeless. **tubo catodal** cathode ray tube. **tubo de acua** water pipe. **tubo de aira** inner tube. **tubo de drena** drainpipe, rainspout, waterspout. **tubo de emetador** exhaust pipe, tailpipe. **tubo de pipa** pipestem. **tubo de proba** test tube. **tubo U** U-bend, U-tube. **tubo vacuida** vacuum tube. **tubos** tubes, pipes, plumbing.

**tubon** *n.* large pipe, pipeline.

**tucana** *n.* toucan (*Ramphastidae*). **Tucana** *n.* Tucana (*constellation*).

**tucotuco** *n.* tuco-tuco (*rodent*: *Ctenomys*).

**tudor** *adj.* Tudor.

**tufa**¹ *vi.* dive, plunge, swoop. ● *vt.* dive, plunge, dunk. ● *n.* dive, nosedive, swoop, plunge, dunk. **tufa de anjel**swan dive, swallow dive. **tufa libre** *v.* skindive. ● *n.* skindiving. **tufa per perlas** *v.* dive for pearls. ● *n.*pearl diving.

**tufa**² *n.* tufa, tuff (*rock*).

**tufor** *n.* diver (*sport*).

**tuia** [tuya] *n.* thuja, arborvitae (*tree*: *Thuja*).

**tuid** [twid] *n.* tweed (*fabric*). **de tuid** tweed.

**tuist** [twist] *n.* twist (*dance*).

**tuita** [twita] *vt.* & *n.* tweet (*Twitter*).

**tulio** *n.* thulium (*element*).

**tulpa** *n.* tulip (*Tulipa*).

**tumor** *n.* tumour (US tumor). **tumor fibrosa** fibroid.

**tumorosa** *adj.* tumorous.

**tumulo** *n.* tumulus, barrow, burial mound, kurgan.

**tumulta** *n.* tumult, riot, uproar, turmoil, mayhem, mêlée, social chaos.

**tumultosa** *adj.* tumultuous, riotous, chaotic, uproarious.

**tun** *n.* tuna (*Thunnus*). **tun blanca** albacore, bonito, longfin tuna (*Thunnus alalunga*).

**tundra** *n.* tundra.

**tunel** *n.* tunnel, burrow. **tunel carpal** carpal tunnel. **Tunel su la Manga** Channel Tunnel, Chunnel, Eurotunnel.

**tuneli** *vt.* tunnel, burrow.

**tungus** *adj.* & *n.* Tungus, Tungusic (*person*, *language*).

**Tunis** *n.* Tunisia; Tunis (*city*). **Golfo Tunis** Gulf of Tunis.

**tunisi** *adj.* & *n.* Tunisian.

**tupaia** *n.* tree shrew (*Scandentia*).

**tupelo** *n.* tupelo, pepperidge tree (*Nyssa*).

**tupi** *adj.* & *n.* Tupi (*person*, *language*).

**turaco** *n.* turaco (*bird*: *Musophagidae*).

**turba** *vt.* disturb, shake up, stir up, churn up, roil; upset, agitate, distress, cause anxiety to, cause pain to, trouble, harrow. ● *n.* trouble, difficulty, unrest; mischief, shenanigans; turbulence. **sin turba** undisturbed.**turba la tera** dig the soil, turn the soil. See *disturba*.

**turbable** *adj.* disturbable, agitable, capable of getting upset.

**turbada** *adj.* disturbed, troubled; upset, distraught.

**turban** *n.* turban.

**turbante** *adj.* troubling, troublesome, disturbing.

**turbina** *n.* turbine. **turbina de venta** wind turbine, wind generator, wind power unit, wind energy converter, aerogenerator.

**turbosa** *adj.* troublesome, naughty, mischievous, impish, rambunctious, rowdy, unruly; turbulent; heavy, rough, choppy (*sea*). ● *n.* rascal, scamp, rapscallion, imp, brat, hellion, roughneck, troublemaker.

**turbosia** *n.* naughtiness, mischief, rambunctiousness.

**turces** *adj.* & *n.* Turkish.

**turcesa** *adj.* turquoise (*colour*). ● *n.* turquoise (*gem*).

**Turcia** *n.* Turkey.

**turcica** *adj.* Turkic (*languages*).

**turcmen** *adj.* & *n.* Turkmen, Turkmenistani (*person*, *language*).

**Turcmenistan** *n.* Turkmenistan.

**turdo** *n.* thrush (*Turdidae*). **turdo roja** American robin (*Turdus migratorius*).

**turi** *vt.* tour; cruise; go for a ride, take a drive, drive around. ● *n.* tour, ride, drive, cruise, excursion, jaunt, junket. **turi a mar** ocean cruise, sea cruise. **turi de bares** pub crawl, bar hop. **turi en caro de fero**hayride. **turi la atraes** tour the attractions, see the sights, sightsee, go sightseeing.

**turisme** *n.* tourism.

**turiste** *n.* tourist.

**Turkana, Lago** *n.* Lake Turkana.

**turmalina** *n.* tourmaline (*mineral*).

**turna** *vi.* turn (*to face a new direction*); revolve; e.g. *la parlor turna dramosa*. ● *vt.* turn (*something*); careen (*ship*); e.g. *turna un manico*; *turna se en leto*. ● *n.* turn. **turna e returna** toss and turn, turn back and forth. See *jira, verje*.

**turnabroca** *n.* gimlet.

**turnador** *n.* lathe.

**turnavise** *n.* screwdriver. **turnavise crusin** crosshead screwdriver, Phillips-head screwdriver.

**turnix** *n.* button quail (*bird*: *Turnicidae*).

**turno** *n.* shift (*work*); turn (*game*). **fa sua turno** do one’s shift; take one’s turn.

**turnor** *n.* shiftworker.

**turon** *n.* turron, torrone (*confectionery*).

**tut** *n.* & *interj.* toot, hoot, parp.

**tuti** *vi.* toot, hoot, parp.

**tutsi** *adj.* & *n.* Tutsi.

**Tuvalu** *n.* Tuvalu. **tuvalu** *adj.* & *n.* Tuvaluan.

**tv** *abbr.* (*televisa, televisador*) TV, telly.

**txa** *interj.* damn, blast, bugger, shit, fuck (*frustration*, *anger*).

**txacra** *n.* chakra (*Buddhism*, *Hinduism*).

**Txad** *n.* Chad.

**txadi** *adj.* & *n.* Chadian.

**txadica** *adj.* Chadic.

**txador** *n.* chador (*cloak*).

**txapareras** *n.pl.* chaps (*leggings*).

**txapsui** *n.* chop suey.

**txarango** *n.* charango (*guitar*).

**txarci** *n.* jerky (*food*).

**txatni** *n.* chutney (*food*).

**txatxatxa** [xaxaxá] *n.* cha-cha-cha (*dance*, *music*).

**txau** *interj.* (*colloquial*) ciao (*arriving or departing*); hi, yo; goodbye, bye, see you, ta-ta.

**txaumen** *n.* chow mein, stir-fried noodles.

**txedar** *n.* cheddar (*cheese*).

**txesce** *adj.* & *n.* Czech.

**Txesco** *n.* Czech Republic, Czechia.

**txescoslovensce** *adj.* & *n.* Czechoslovakian.

**Txescoslovensco** *n.* Czechoslovakia.

**txetxen** *adj.* & *n.* Chechen.

**Txetxnia** *n.* Chechnya.

**txi** *n.* chi, qi, life energy, life force.

**txia** *n.* chia (*plant*: *Salvia hispanica*).

**txilan** *adj.* & *n.* Chilean.

**Txile** *n.* Chile. **Mar Txile** Chile Sea.

**txili** *n.* chilli (US chili) pepper, chile, hot pepper (*Capsicum*). **salsa de txili** chilli (US chili) sauce, hot sauce. **txili con carne** chilli (US chili) con carne. **txili polvida** chilli (US chili) powder.

**txintxila** *n.* chinchilla (*rodent*: *Chinchilla*).

**txipotle** *n.* chipotle (*pepper*).

**txoriso** *n.* chorizo (*sausage*).

**Txoson** *n.* North Korea. **txoson** *adj.* & *n.* North Korean. See *Corea Norde*.

**txucot** *adj.* & *n.* Chukot, Chukchi (*person*, *language*).

**Txucotca** *n.* Chukotka, Chukchi Peninsula. **Mar Txucotca** Chukchi Sea.

U

**u**¹ [u] *letter* u.

**u**² *adj.* & *n.* Wu (*language*).

**u**³ *interj.* ooh, wow.

**ua** *interj.* wah (*baby crying*).

**uacari** *n.* uakari (*monkey*: *Cacajao*).

**uadi** *n.* wadi (*valley*).

**uafel** *n.* waffle (*food*).

**ualabi** *n.* wallaby (*Macropodidae*).

**ualon** *adj.* & *n.* Walloon.

**Ualonia** *n.* Wallonia.

**uampum** *n.* wampum (*beads*).

**uapiti** *n.* elk (*US*), wapiti (*Cervus canadensis*).

**uarfarin** *n.* warfarin (*drug*).

**uasabi** *n.* wasabi (*plant*, *sauce*: *Wasabia japonica*).

**uau-uau** *interj.* woof, bow-wow (*dog*).

**uaua** *n.* wah-wah (*music*).

**Ucraina** *n.* Ukraine.

**ucrainsce** *adj.* & *n.* Ukrainian (*person*, *language*).

**uculele** *n.* ukulele (*guitar*).

**ueb** *adj.* & *n.* web (*internet*).

**uergeld** *n.* wergeld, weregild (*payment system*).

**ueste** *adj.* west, western, occidental. ● *n.* west, occident. **a ueste** westward, westwards. **a ueste de** to the west of. **ueste-norde-ueste** *adj.* west-northwest. **ueste-sentral** *adj.* central west. **ueste-sude-ueste** *adj.*west-southwest.

**uesti** *vi.* & *vt.* westernize. ● *n.* westernization.

**Uganda** *n.* Uganda. See *luganda*.

**ugandan** *adj.* & *n.* Ugandan.

**ugonote** *n.* Huguenot.

**ugrica** *adj.* Ugric (*languages*).

**ui** *interj.* whee, whoopee.

**uica** *n.* Wicca (*religion*).

**uican** *adj.* & *n.* Wiccan.

**uiguam** *n.* wigwam, wickiup, wetu.

**uigur** [üigur] *adj.* & *n.* Uyghur, Uighur (*person*, *language*).

**uipet** *n.* whippet (*dog*).

**uisce** *n.* whisky, whiskey.

**uist** *n.* whist (*card game*).

**uistiti** *n.* marmoset (*monkey*: *Callithrix*).

**ulex** *n.* gorse, furze (*plant*: *Ulex*).

**ulna** *n.* ulna (*anatomy*).

**ulong** *n.* oolong (*tea*).

**ulsera** *vi.* & *vt.* ulcerate. ● *n.* ulcer, sore, ulceration. **ulsera de leto** bedsore. **ulsera jelal** frostbite.

**ulserada** *adj.* ulcerated, frostbitten.

**ulsereta** *n.* canker sore, aphthous ulcer.

**ultima** *adj.* ultimate (*final or most extreme*), last; utmost, prime; eventual. ● *adv.* ultimately, eventually, after all. **cuasi ultima** penultimate, second from last, last but one. **du ante la ultima** antepenultimate, third from last, last but two.

**ultra** *prep.* • beyond, past, across, on the other side of; more than, further than, farther than, exceeding; e.g. *la eglesa es ultra la ponte*; *un taxe ultra mea capasia*; *viaja ultra la rapidia de sona*. • (*moving*) to beyond, to the other side of, across; e.g. *viaja ultra la montes*. ● *pref.* ultra-. **a ultra** *prep.* (*moving*) to beyond, to the other side of, across; e.g. *remi un barceta a ultra la lago*. ● *adv.* beyond.

**ultramar** *adj.* overseas.

**ultraortodox** *adj.* ultraorthodox.

**ultrasona** *n.* ultrasound.

**ultrasonal** *adj.* ultrasonic.

**ultravioleta** *adj.* & *n.* ultraviolet.

**ulula** *vt.* & *n.* howl, wail.

**umaian** *adj.* Umayyad, Omayyad (*dynasty*).

**umami** *n.* umami (*flavour*).

**Uman** *n.* Oman. **Golfo Uman** Gulf of Oman.

**umana** *adj.* human. ● *n.* human, human being, person. **umanas** humans, humanity, mankind, people.

**umani**¹ *adj.* & *n.* Omani.

**umani**² *vi.* & *vt.* humanize, anthropomorphize. ● *n.* humanization, anthropomorphism.

**umania** *n.* humanity (*quality*).

**umanin** *adj.* humanlike, humanoid, anthropoid.

**umanisme** *n.* humanism.

**umaniste** *adj.* & *n.* humanitarian, humanist.

**umbreta** *n.* hammerkop, hammerhead stork, anvilhead (*bird*: *Scopus umbretta*).

**Umbria** *n.* Umbria (*Italian region*).

**umbrian** *adj.* & *n.* Umbrian (*person*, *language*).

**umida** *adj.* damp, moist, wet; humid (*air*), clammy, close, muggy, sultry.

**umidador** *n.* humidifier; humidor (*tobacco box*).

**umidi** *vi.* & *vt.* dampen, moisten, humidify.

**umidia** *n.* dampness, moisture, wetness, humidity.

**umidistato** *n.* humidistat.

**umil** *adj.* humble, modest (*humble*), meek, mild, unassuming, unpretentious, demure.

**umili** *vi.* & *vt.* humble.

**umilia** *n.* humility, modesty.

**umlaut** *n.* umlaut.

**umo** *n.* humus, mulch (*soil*).

**umor** *n.* humour (US humor), temper, mood; bodily fluid (*historical*). **bon umor** good mood, good spirits. **de bon umor** in a good mood, cheerful, jovial, light-hearted, sanguine. **de mal umor** in a bad mood, sulking, sulky, sullen, brooding, morose. **de umor variable** moody. **mal umor** bad mood, sulk, snit.

**umoriste** *n.* humorist.

**umorosa** *adj.* humorous.

**umus** *n.* hummus (*food*).

**un** *det.* a, an, one. ● *adj.* first.

**Ungaria** *n.* Hungary. See *Magiar*.

**ungarian** *adj.* & *n.* Hungarian.

**Ungava, Baia** *n.* Ungava Bay.

**ungia** *n.* nail. **ungia de dito** fingernail. **ungia de pede** toenail.

**ungula** *n.* hoof.

**ungulato** *n.* ungulate (*Ungulata*).

**uni**¹ *vi.* & *vt.* unite, unify. ● *n.* union (*action*), unification; union (*result*), coalition, consortium. **Uni de Republicas Sosialistes Soviet** Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. **Uni European** European Union. **Uni Soviet** Soviet Union.

**uni-**² *pref.* uni- (*one*).

**unia**¹ *n.* unit (*of a larger whole*, *of measurement*); monad. **unia comersial** commercial unit (*of goods*). **unia de mone** unit of currency.

**unia**² *n.* oneness, solidarity, integrity, unity.

**unial** *adj.* unitary.

**unica** *adj.* unique, sole, single, one-off, exclusive, idiosyncratic, inimitable. ● *n.* exclusive (*news story*).

**unicorno** *n.* unicorn. **Unicorno** *n.* Monoceros (*constellation*).

**unida** *adj.* united, unified. ● *adv.* together.

**unidimensional** *adj.* one-dimensional.

**unidiste** *adj.* & *n.* unionist.

**uniforma** *adj.* uniform, unitary, regular. ● *n.* uniform (*dress*), livery.

**uniformi** *vi.* become uniform. ● *vt.* make uniform; dress in uniform.

**uniformia** *n.* uniformity.

**uniforminte** *adj.* uniforming, procrustean.

**uniladal** *adj.* unilateral; unrequited.

**uniselulal** *adj.* unicellular.

**unisesal** *adj.* unisex.

**unitarian** *adj.* & *n.* Unitarian.

**unitarianisme** *n.* Unitarianism (*Christianity*).

**univalente** *adj.* univalent (*biology*).

**universal** *adj.* universal; cosmic.

**universalisme** *n.* universalism (*philosophy*, *Christianity*).

**universaliste** *adj.* & *n.* universalist.

**universia** *n.* university, college, varsity. **universia de diploma** alma mater.

**universo** *n.* universe, cosmos.

**unje** *vt.* anoint. ● *n.* anointing, unction.

**unjente** *n.* unguent, ointment, pomade, lotion.

**unsial** *adj.* uncial (*lettering*).

**uoc** *n.* wok (*pan*).

**uolfram** *n.* tungsten, wolfram (*element*).

**uolof** *adj.* & *n.* Wolof (*person*, *language*).

**uombata** *n.* wombat (*Vombatidae*).

**uon** *n.* won (*currency*).

**uonton** *n.* wonton (*food*).

**upanixad** *n.* upanishad (*scripture*).

**uple**¹ *n.* tuple (*mathematics*); record, struct (*software*).

**-uple**² *adj.suff.* -uple (*numeric multiple*); e.g. *duple, truple, cuatruple*. ● *n.suff.* (*group of a specified number of members*).

**upsilon** *n.* upsilon (*Greek letter*).

**ura** [urá] *interj.* hooray, hurrah, whoopee.

**Ural, Montes** *n.pl.* Ural Mountains.

**uralica** *adj.* Uralic (*languages*).

**uranio** *n.* uranium.

**Urano** *n.* Uranus (*mythology*, *planet*).

**urato** *n.* urate (*chemistry*). **urato de sodio** sodium urate, chalkstone.

**urban** *adj.* urban, metropolitan. ● *n.* city dweller, urbanite.

**urbani** *vi.* & *vt.* urbanize, citify. ● *n.* urbanization.

**urbanisme** *n.* city planning.

**urbaniste** *n.* city planner.

**urbe** *n.* urban area, city area, metropolis. See *site*.

**urbolojia** *n.* urbanology.

**urbolojiste** *n.* urbanologist.

**urdu** *adj.* & *n.* Urdu (*language*).

**Urdun** *n.* Jordan.

**urduni** *adj.* & *n.* Jordanian.

**urea** *n.* urea (*substance*).

**uremia** *n.* uraemia (US uremia) (*medical*).

**uretan** *n.* urethane (*substance*).

**ureter** *n.* ureter (*anatomy*).

**uretra** *n.* urethra (*anatomy*).

**uria**¹ *n.* guillemot, murre (*bird*: *Uria*).

**-uria**² *n.suff.* -uria (*urine*).

**urica** *adj.* uric (*urine*). ● *adj.suff.* -uric.

**urieta** *n.* murrelet (*bird*: *Synthliboramphus*, *Brachyramphus*).

**urina** *n.* urine.

**urinal** *adj.* urinary.

**urinalise** *vt.* urinalyse. ● *n.* urinalysis.

**urini** *vt.* urinate, micturate. ● *n.* urination, micturation.

**urje** *vt.* urge, exhort. ● *n.* urge, exhortation.

**urjente** *adj.* urgent, pressing. ● *n.* emergency.

**uro** *n.* aurochs (*ox*: *Bos primigenius*).

**urolito** *n.* urolith, bladder stone.

**urolojia** *n.* urology.

**urolojiste** *n.* urologist.

**urseta** *n.* bear cub.

**ursin** *adj.* bearlike, ursine.

**urso** *n.* bear (*Ursidae*). **urso blanca** polar bear. **urso-de-acua** *n.* water bear (*Tardigrada*). **urso de pelux**teddy bear, teddy. **Urso Grande** Ursa Major (*constellation*). **urso gris** grizzly bear. **Urso Peti** Ursa Minor (*constellation*).

**URSS** *abbr.* (*Uni de Republicas Sosialiste Soviet*) USSR.

**urticaria** *n.* urticaria, hives (*rash*).

**Uruguai** *n.* Uruguay.

**uruguaia** *adj.* & *n.* Uruguayan.

**usa** *vt.* use, utilize; apply, employ (*force*, *tool*, *method*); wear (*clothes*). ● *n.* use, employment, purpose, application; uptake. **comensa usa** start using, take up. **de usa sever** heavy-duty. **usa tro multe** overuse.

**usable** *adj.* usable.

**usada** *adj.* used, secondhand. **tro usada** overused, hackneyed, clichéd.

**usor** *n.* user. **usor de rede** internet user, netizen.

**usosa** *adj.* useful, utilitarian, purposeful.

**usosia** *n.* usefulness, utility.

**usual** *adj.* usual, customary. ● *adv.* usually, customarily.

**usufruta** *n.* usufruct (*right*).

**usura** *n.* usury.

**usuror** *n.* usurer, loanshark.

**usurosa** *adj.* usurous.

**usurpa** *vt.* usurp.

**usurpor** *n.* usurper.

**Utah** [yuta] *n.* Utah (*US state*).

**utero** *n.* uterus, womb.

**utia** *n.* hutia (*rodent*: *Capromyidae*).

**util** *n.* tool, utensil, implement. **furni utiles nova a** retool. **util de cosini** cooking implement, kitchen utensil.**util de scrive** writing implement. **utiles de arjento** silverware. **utiles de come** cutlery, flatware, eating utensils.

**utilitarisme** *n.* utilitarianism.

**utilitariste** *adj.* & *n.* utilitarian.

**utopia** *n.* utopia.

**utopial** *adj.* utopian.

**utopisme** *n.* utopianism.

**utopiste** *n.* utopian.

**u-u** *interj.* coo (*pigeon*); twit-twoo, hoo, hoot (*owl*).

**uva** *n.* grape. **uva seca** raisin, currant.

**uvea** *adj.* & *n.* Wallisian.

**uvo** *n.* grape vine (*Vitis*).

**uvula** *n.* uvula.

**uvulal** *adj.* uvular. ● *n.* uvular (*consonant*).

**uzbec** *adj.* & *n.* Uzbek, Uzbekistani (*person*, *language*).

**Uzbecistan** *n.* Uzbekistan.

**uzo** *n.* ouzo (*drink*).

V

**v**¹ [ve] *letter* v.

**v**² *abbr.* (*vide*) see.

**v**³ *abbr.* (*volum*) vol.

**va** *adv.* (*preverbal*) (*indicating that a finite verb is in the future tense*) will, shall; e.g. *me va aida tu*; *me ia dise ce me va aida tu*.

**vacanse** *vi.* vacation, holiday, be on leave, go on leave. ● *n.* vacation, holiday, leave, getaway.

**vacanseria** *n.* vacation spot, resort.

**vacansor** *n.* vacationer, holidaymaker, holiday traveller (US traveler).

**vacua** *adj.* empty, hollow, null, void, vacuous. ● *n.* vacancy, void; vacuum.

**vacui** *vi.* empty. ● *vt.* empty, evacuate, flush; clear, wipe, erase. ● *n.* emptying, evacuation.

**vacuia** *n.* emptiness, vacuity.

**vacuida** *adj.* emptied, vacant.

**vacuol** *n.* vacuole (*biology*).

**vada** *vi.* wade, paddle.

**vade** *vi.* go; (*system*) work, function. ● *interj.* go, let’s go, come on, giddy-up. **como lo vade?** how are you?, how’s it going? **vade a** go to, attend (*regularly*). **vade a fa** be just about to do, be just on the point of doing.**vade en dirije a** go towards, head for, make for. **vade par auto** go by car. **vade par pasea** go by foot.**vade per compra** go shopping. **vade per pasea** go for a walk. **vade per vide** go and see, go to see. **vade sur sua via** make one’s way. **vade sur un via** take a road, travel a path. **vade tro rapida** speed, commit a speeding offence (US offense).

**vaderia** *n.* paddling pool, wading pool.

**vadi** *vt.* ford, cross.

**vado** *n.* ford, crossing.

**vaga** *vi.* wander, roam, rove, ramble, traipse, drift, digress, mill around, perambulate; browse (*books*, *goods*). ●*n.* wandering, digression. **vaga depresada** mope about. **vaga furtiva** prowl.

**vagabon** *n.* vagabond, vagrant, hobo, bum, tramp. **vagabon enebriada** wino.

**vagabonia** *n.* vagrancy.

**vagador** *n.* rover (*vehicle*).

**vagante** *adj.* wandering, adrift, errant; itinerant, mobile, peripatetic; stray (*animal*); crooked (*shape*); discursive, rambling.

**vagisme** *n.* nomadism.

**vagiste** *n.* nomad.

**vago** *n.* vagus (*anatomy*).

**vagon** *n.* wagon, wain; coach, car, carriage (*of train*); trailer (*of truck*). **vagon de bagaje** baggage car. **vagon de carga** freight wagon, boxcar. **vagon de dormi** sleeping car, sleeper. **vagon final** caboose. **vagon restorante** dining car, restaurant car.

**vagonor** *n.* wagoner, teamster.

**vagor** *n.* wanderer, drifter, rambler, itinerant.

**vajina** *n.* vagina.

**vajinal** *adj.* vaginal.

**vajinite** *n.* vaginitis (*medical*).

**vajraiana** *adj.* Vajrayana (*Buddhism*).

**valah** *adj.* & *n.* Vlach, Wallachian.

**Valahia** *n.* Wallachia (*Romanian region*).

**valciria** *n.* Valkyrie (*mythology*).

**vale** *n.* valley, vale, dale. **a vale** down, downhill, downstream, downward, downwards.

**Valensia** *n.* Valencia (*Spanish region*).

**valente** *adj.* valent.

**valentia** *n.* valence, valency.

**valeriana** *n.* valerian (*plant*: *Valeriana officinalis*).

**valeta** *n.* dell, glen.

**valga** *adj.* & *n.* valgus (*medical*).

**Valhala** *n.* Valhalla.

**valida** *adj.* valid, well-founded, cogent; current, in effect.

**validi** *vi.* & *vt.* validate, ratify, endorse, certify, notarize, probate. ● *n.* validation, ratification, endorsement, certification, probate.

**validia** *n.* validity.

**valis** *n.* suitcase, valise.

**valiseta** *n.* carry-on suitcase, handheld luggage.

**valison** *n.* trunk, portmanteau.

**valsa** *vi.* & *n.* waltz.

**valua** *vt.* value, prize. ● *n.* value, worth, merit; equity, stock (*financial*). **sin valua** worthless, valueless, pissant.

**valuada** *adj.* worthy, valued, valuable, meritorious, fine. **es valuada** be worth, be valuable, have value. **la plu valuada** most valuable, inestimable. **valuadas** valuables, riches.

**valuosa** *adj.* valuable, precious. **valuosas** valuables, riches.

**valva** *n.* valve; tap, faucet, spigot. **valva de banio** bath tap, bath faucet. **valva de securia** safety valve.

**vampir** *n.* vampire.

**vana** *adj.* vain, conceited.

**vanadio** *n.* vanadium (*element*).

**vandal** *adj.* Vandalic. ● *n.* Vandal (*ancient tribe*); vandal, hooligan.

**vandali** *vt.* vandalize.

**vandalisme** *n.* vandalism.

**vanelo** *n.* lapwing (*bird*: *Vanellinae*).

**vanga** *n.* vanga (*bird*: *Vangidae*).

**vangarda** *adj.* avant-garde, vanguard, cutting-edge, latest.

**vani** *vt.* fan.

**vania** *n.* vanity.

**vanilia** *n.* vanilla (*plant*, *flavour*: *Vanilla*).

**vanilina** *n.* vanillin (*substance*).

**vanin** *adj.* fanlike, fan-shaped.

**vano** *n.* fan (*handheld*).

**vanta** *vt.* & *n.* boast, brag. **vanta a se** gloat, revel.

**vantaje** *n.* advantage, privilege, benefit, lead.

**vantaji** *vt.* advantage, privilege, benefit.

**vantajosa** *adj.* advantageous, opportune.

**vantor** *n.* boaster, braggart, loudmouth, show-off.

**vantosa** *adj.* boastful.

**Vanuatu** *n.* Vanuatu. **vanuatu** *adj.* & *n.* Vanuatuan.

**vapor** *n.* vapour (US vapor), mist, steam. **vapor nosiva** toxic mist, fumes.

**vaporador** *n.* vaporizer, nebulizer, evaporator, steamer.

**vapori** *vi.* evaporate, vaporize; steam (*turn to steam*). ● *vt.* evaporate, vaporize; steam (*apply steam to*). ● *n.*evaporation.

**vaporosa** *adj.* steamy, misty, misted.

**vara** *adj.* & *n.* varus (*medical*).

**varano** *n.* monitor lizard (*Varanus*).

**varia** *vi.* & *vt.* vary, range. ● *n.* variation, variety, variance, vagary; version, variant; (*in mathematics*) manifold.**varia diferensiable** differentiable manifold. **varia elejeda** cultivar.

**variable** *adj.* & *n.* variable.

**variada** *adj.* varied, variegated.

**varial** *adj.* varietal.

**varicosa** *adj.* varicose (*medical*).

**variola** *n.* smallpox.

**variosa** *adj.* various, several, diverse, sundry. See *diversa*.

**varisela** *n.* chickenpox.

**vasal** *n.* vassal, liege (*feudal*).

**vasalia** *n.* vassalage.

**vascular** *adj.* vascular.

**vasculite** *n.* vasculitis (*medical*).

**vasectomia** *n.* vasectomy (*surgery*).

**vasia** *n.* pottery.

**vasila** *vi.* vacillate, hesitate (*between two choices*), waver, falter, equivocate, prevaricate, teeter. ● *n.* vacillation, hesitation, indecision.

**vasilante** *adj.* vacillating, hesitant, indecisive, irresolute, half-hearted.

**vasin** *n.* vaccine.

**vasini** *vt.* vaccinate, inoculate. ● *n.* vaccination, inoculation.

**vasinia** *n.* bilberry, blueberry, huckleberry, cranberry (*Vaccinium*). **vasinia blu** blueberry, bilberry, huckleberry (*Vaccinium*). **vasinia de montania** lingonberry (*Vaccinium vitis*-*idaea*). **vasinia roja**cranberry (*Vaccinium oxycoccos*).

**vaso** *n.* vase, pot, vessel, urn. **vaso de cafe** coffeepot. **vaso de flores** flower vase. **vaso de losa** earthenware pot, crock. **vaso de note** chamberpot, potty. **vaso de peper** pepperpot. **vaso de pexes** fishbowl. **vaso de sal** salt cellar, saltbox. **vaso de sputa** spittoon. **vaso de te** teapot.

**vasoconstrinje** *vt.* vasoconstrict.

**vasoconstrinjente** *n.* vasoconstrictor, vasopressor.

**vasodilata** *vt.* vasodilate.

**vasodilatante** *n.* vasodilator.

**vason** *n.* toilet, toilet bowl, lavatory, loo; commode, potty. **vason urinal** urinal.

**vasopresina** *n.* vasopressin.

**vasor** *n.* potter.

**vasta** *adj.* vast, huge, widespread, large-scale, far-reaching. ● *adv.* vastly, widely.

**vasti** *vi.* become vast, extend hugely, become widespread, spread far and wide. ● *vt.* promulgate, spread far and wide.

**vastia** *n.* vastness.

**vasto** *n.* lap (*anatomy*).

**vate** *n.* watt (*unit of power*).

**vatia** *n.* wattage.

**vatican** *adj.* Vatican. **Site Vatican** Vatican City.

**vea** *adj.* old, elderly. ● *n.* old person; elder. **deveni tro vea per** outgrow. **la plu vea** oldest, eldest. **plu vea**older, elder.

**veber** *n.* weber (*unit of magnetic flux*).

**veculal** *adj.* vehicular.

**veculo** *n.* vehicle. **veculo acual** watercraft. **veculo de motor** motor vehicle. **veculo funeral** hearse. **veculo madrin** mothership. **veculo spasial** spacecraft.

**veda** *n.* Veda (*scripture*).

**vedal** *adj.* Vedic.

**vedanta** *n.* vedanta (*Hinduism*).

**vedantal** *adj.* vedantic.

**vegan** *adj.* & *n.* vegan.

**veganisme** *n.* veganism.

**vei** [veï] *vi.* grow old, age. ● *vt.* age.

**veia** [veya] *n.* old age.

**vejetal** *adj.* vegetable, vegetative. ● *n.* vegetable.

**vejetali** *vi.* vegetate.

**vejetalisme** *n.* vegetarianism.

**vejetaliste** *n.* vegetarian.

**vela** *n.* sail. **vela cuadro** square sail. **vela latina** lateen. **vela xef** mainsail. **Velas** Vela (*constellation*).

**velal** *adj.* & *n.* velar.

**velali** *vi.* & *vt.* velarize.

**velcro** *n.* velcro. **de velcro** (*made of*) velcro.

**veleta** *n.* vane (*pushed by wind or water*).

**veli** *vt.* veil, shroud, enshroud.

**velia** *vi.* waken, awaken, wake up. ● *vt.* waken, awaken, wake up, arouse, rouse, roust.

**veliada** *adj.* awake, wakeful.

**veliador** *n.* alarm clock.

**velida** *adj.* veiled.

**velin** *adj.* sail-like.

**velo**¹ *n.* veil.

**velo**² *n.* velum, soft palate (*anatomy*).

**velosiraptor** *n.* velociraptor, raptor (*dinosaur*: *Velociraptor*).

**veluda** *n.* velvet, velour. **veluda costelin** corduroy.

**veludin** *adj.* velvety. ● *n.* velveteen.

**vena** *n.* vein (*anatomy*); lode (*geology*). **estrae la vena de** devein. **vena cava** vena cava. **vena jugulal**jugular vein. **venas** veins; grain (*rock*).

**venal** *adj.* venous (*of veins*).

**vendable** *adj.* sellable, saleable, marketable.

**vendador** *n.* vending machine.

**vende** *vt.* sell, market, retail, peddle. ● *n.* sale; disposal. **per vende** for sale. **vende a mercato** market. **vende major** wholesale. **vende nonlegal** sell illegally, bootleg. **vende per tro poca** undercharge. **vende plu barata ca** undercut. **vende tota** sell out.

**venderia** *n.* dealership, marketplace.

**vendeta** *n.* vendetta, feud.

**vendor** *n.* vendor, seller, clerk, dealer, salesperson, salesman, saleswoman, sales clerk. **vendor de drogas** drug seller, drug dealer, drug pusher. **vendor de libros** bookseller. **vendor de pex** fishmonger. **vendor major**wholesaler. **vendor minor** retailer. **vendor vagante** peddler, pedlar, hawker.

**vendoria** *n.* salesmanship.

**venena** *n.* poison, toxin, venom.

**veneni** *vt.* poison.

**venenosa** *adj.* poisonous, toxic, venomous.

**venerdi** *n.* Friday. **venerdi santa** Good Friday.

**veneta** *n.* venule (*anatomy*).

**Veneto** *n.* Veneto, Venetia (*Italian region*).

**Venezia** *n.* Venice.

**Venezuela** *n.* Venezuela. **Golfo Venezuela** Gulf of Venezuela.

**venezuelan** *adj.* & *n.* Venezuelan.

**veni** *vi.* come, arrive. ● *vt.* summon, fetch, bring. ● *n.* coming, arrival. **me veni de dise** I have just said, I just said (*a moment ago*). **veni de** come from, originate from; (*have*) just. **veni per vide** come and see, come to see.

**veninte** *adj.* coming, to come, future, next; inbound. **en la semana veninte** next week. **pos la du menses veninte** in two months’ time.

**venipuntur** *n.* venipuncture (*medical*).

**venja** *vt.* avenge, get even; e.g. *me venja mea ami per la mata par mea enemi*; *me venja la mata de mea ami par mea enemi*; *me venja contra mea enemi*. ● *n.* vengeance, revenge, retaliation, retribution, vendetta, payback, reprisal. **venja se** avenge oneself, get revenge, get one’s own back, get even, retaliate; e.g. *me venja me per la desonora*.

**venjor** *n.* avenger.

**venjosa** *adj.* vengeful, vindictive.

**venseo** *n.* swift (*bird*: *Apodidae*).

**venta** *vi.* blow, be windy. ● *n.* wind. **con la venta** downwind, leeward. **contra la venta** upwind, windward.**venta de retro** tailwind. **venta fasante** headwind. **venta norde-este** northeasterly wind, northeaster.**venta sude-ueste** southwesterly wind, southwester.

**ventador** *n.* fan, ventilator.

**venteta** *n.* breeze, zephyr.

**ventetosa** *adj.* breezy, draughty (US drafty).

**venti** *vt.* ventilate, fan, winnow. ● *n.* ventilation.

**venton** *n.* gale. **venton de neva** blizzard.

**ventosa**¹ *n.* sucker (*anatomy*, *rubber cup*).

**ventosa**² *adj.* windy, gusty, blowy.

**ventosin** *adj.* suckerlike.

**ventral** *adj.* ventral, of the belly, of the front.

**ventre** *n.* belly, midriff, front, tummy, gut.

**ventriculo** *n.* ventricle (*anatomy*).

**ventrilocuia** *n.* ventriloquy, ventriloquism.

**ventrilocuo** *n.* ventriloquist.

**ventron** *n.* paunch, potbelly, beer belly.

**venturi** *n.* venturi (*tube*).

**Venus** *n.* Venus (*mythology*, *planet*).

**vera** *adj.* true, real, actual, authentic, genuine, veracious, veritable. ● *adv.* very, truly, really, actually, indeed, in fact, seriously, sincerely, at all, whatsoever. ● *interj.* indeed, true. ● *n.* true thing, truth, truism. **en vera no modo** in no way at all, in no way whatsoever. **vera lo ia aveni** it *did* happen (*emphatic*). **vera me desira aida** I *do* want to help (*emphatic*). **vera no** not at all. **vera no cosa** nothing at all, none at all.

**veranda** *n.* veranda, porch.

**verbal** *adj.* verbal.

**verbena** *n.* verbena, vervain (*plant*: *Verbena*).

**verbin** *adj.* verbal.

**verbo** *n.* verb.

**verde** *adj.* green; verdant. ● *n.* green; greenery, verdure; green (*golf*). **verde de cupre** verdigris.

**verdeta** *n.* greenfinch (*Chloris*).

**verdi** *vi.* & *vt.* turn green.

**verdin**¹ *n.* leafbird (*Chloropsis*).

**verdin**² *adj.* greenish.

**verga** *n.* yardarm (*for sail*).

**vergonia** *vi.* be ashamed, feel shame. ● *vt.* shame, humiliate. ● *n.* shame, humiliation. **sin vergonia** shameless, brazen, impenitent, unashamed.

**vergoniante** *adj.* ashamed.

**vergoniosa** *adj.* shameful.

**veria** *n.* truth, trueness, veracity, verity.

**verje** *vi.* turn, verge, veer, swerve, yaw (*change direction while moving*); e.g. *acel auto no ia indica ce lo va verje a destra*. ● *vt.* & *n.* turn, swerve. **per cada verje** turn by turn (*navigation*). **verje contra la venta**tack. **verje U** U-turn. See *turna*.

**verme** *n.* worm. **verme de orea** earworm. **verme de tera** earthworm (*Lumbricina*). **verme plata** flatworm, platyhelminth (*Platyhelminthes*). **verme ronda** roundworm, nematode (*Nematoda*).

**vermi** *vi.* worm (*move like a worm*).

**vermiculita** *n.* vermiculite.

**vermin** *adj.* wormlike, vermiform.

**vermitxeli** *n.* vermicelli (*food*).

**Vermont** *n.* Vermont (*US state*).

**vermute** *n.* vermouth (*wine*).

**vernis** *n.* varnish; glaze. **vernis acuin** shellac.

**vernisi** *vt.* varnish; glaze.

**versa** *vi.* & *vt.* pour, tip.

**vertebra** *n.* vertebra.

**vertebral** *adj.* vertebral.

**vertebrato** *adj.* & *n.* vertebrate.

**vertical** *adj.* vertical, upright; portrait (*orientation*).

**vertigo** *n.* vertigo, dizziness, lightheadedness.

**vertigosa** *adj.* dizzy, giddy, light-headed.

**veruca** *n.* wart, verruca.

**verucosa** *adj.* warty.

**ves** *n.* occasion, time, instance; turn (*in a game*), iteration. **a multe veses** frequently, often, oftentimes, usually.**a no ves** on no occasion, at no time. **a poca veses** rarely, seldom, only occasionally. **a un ves** once, one time. **a un ves o un otra** at one time or another, sooner or later. **a un ves pasada** once upon a time. **a veses** at times, sometimes; from time to time, now and then, now and again, on occasion, occasionally. **a veses rara** rarely, seldom, only occasionally. **de ves a ves** from time to time, now and then, now and again, on occasion, occasionally. **du a cada ves** two at a time. **no a esta ves** not this time. See *tempo*.

**vesica** *n.* bladder (*anatomy*). **vesica bilal** gall bladder.

**vesicula** *n.* vesicle (*anatomy*).

**vespa** *n.* wasp, hornet (*Hymenoptera*, *Apocrita*). **vespa parasital** parasitic wasp.

**vespin** *adj.* waspish, waspy.

**vestal** *n.* Vestal, Vestal Virgin.

**veste** *n.* garment, piece of clothing. **veste alta** top, upper garment. **veste basa** bottom, lower garment. **veste de nada** swimming costume, swimsuit, bathing costume, bathing suit. **veste de sumerjor** wetsuit. **veste de tomba** shroud. **veste desprendeda** castoff. **veste etnical** traditional costume, national dress. **veste spasial** spacesuit. **vestes** clothes, clothing, costume, outfit, dress, apparel, attire, garb, raiment. **vestes de enfantes** childrenswear. **vestes de femes** womenswear. **vestes de nada** swimwear. **vestes de omes**menswear. **vestes fantasin** costume, fancy dress, getup. **vestes pronto** ready-to-wear clothing, pret-à-porter clothing.

**vesteria** *n.* dressing room, changing room, fitting room; vestry; cloakroom, hatcheck.

**vesteta** *n.* undergarment. **vestetas** underclothes, undergarments, underwear.

**vesti** *vt.* clothe, dress (*including wound*); coat (*with paint*, *etc.*). ● *n.* coat, coating (*paint*, *etc.*).

**vestibulal** *adj.* vestibular.

**vestida** *adj.* clothed, dressed, clad, suited. **nonconveninte vestida** inappropriately dressed, underdressed.**tro calda vestida** dressed too warmly, overdressed. **tro formal vestida** dressed too formally, overdressed. **tro ostentosa vestida** dressed too ostentatiously, overdressed.

**vestijial** *adj.* vestigial.

**vestijio** *n.* vestige.

**veston** *n.* suit, formal attire.

**veteran** *adj.* & *n.* veteran, vet.

**veterinar** *adj.* veterinary. **dotor veterinar** veterinarian, vet. **medica veterinar** veterinary medicine.

**veti** *vt.* veto.

**veto** *n.* veto.

**vetor** *n.* vector, one-dimensional array; array (*software*). **vetor de asosia** associative array (*software*).

**vetoral** *adj.* vector.

**vetulicolo** *n.* vetulicola (*ancient animal*: *Vetulicola*).

**via** *n.* way, avenue, route, course, path, approach. **a via** (*go*, *throw*, *put*) away, (*saw*) off, (*throw*) out. **a via de**away from. **a via de vias** in the middle of nowhere, in the back of beyond. **a via de vias comun** off the beaten track. **en via** on the way, en route. **via de rola** taxiway (*airport*). **Via Letin** Milky Way (*astronomy*). **via levada** causeway. **via navigable** waterway. **via ondante** roller coaster. **via periferial**beltway, ringroad, orbital. **via rapida** quick route, shortcut. **via reta** straight, straightaway. **via xef** main road, highway, freeway, throughway, thruway.

**viable** *adj.* viable.

**viablia** *n.* viability.

**viaduto** *n.* viaduct; overpass, flyover.

**viaja** *vi.* travel. ● *n.* journey, trip, voyage, drive. **viaja dial** *v.* & *n.* commute. **viaja per plaser** *v.* & *n.* cruise.**viaja sua via vagante** wend one’s way. **viaja tra la mundo** world travel. **viaja tra la ueb** surf the net.**viaja tra tempo** time travel.

**viajamania** *n.* wanderlust, urge to travel.

**viajamanica** *adj.* globetrotting, habitually travelling (US traveling). ● *n.* globetrotter, habitual traveller (US traveler).

**viajor** *n.* traveller (US traveler), voyager, passenger, wayfarer. **viajor de mar** seafarer. **viajor dial** commuter.**viajor tra la mundo** world traveller (US traveler), globetrotter. **viajor tra tempo** time traveller (US traveler).

**vibra** *vi.* vibrate, thrill; flicker (*lights*); trill (*sound*). ● *vt.* vibrate, trill, twang. ● *n.* vibration, frisson, twang, vibrato, trill.

**vibrador** *n.* vibrator, buzzer.

**vibrafon** *n.* vibraphone (*musical instrument*).

**vibrante** *adj.* vibrating, thrilling; flickering (*lights*); trilled. ● *n.* trill (*consonant*).

**vibrisa** *n.* whisker; barb, barbel (*of fish*).

**vibrisin** *adj.* whiskerlike.

**viburno** *n.* viburnum (*plant*: *Viburnum*).

**vici** *n.* wiki.

**vicing** *adj.* & *n.* Viking.

**Vicipedia** *n.* Wikipedia.

**Victoria** *n.* Victoria. **Lago Victoria** Lake Victoria.

**victorian** *adj.* Victorian.

**vicunia** *n.* vicuña (*animal*: *Vicugna vicugna*).

**vidable** *adj.* visible; macroscopic. **fasil vidable** salient, conspicuous.

**vidablia** *n.* visibility.

**vidador** *n.* viewer (*machine*); viewfinder; sight (*gun*).

**vidal** *adj.* visual.

**vide** *vt.* see (*including discover*, *understand*), sight, witness; watch (*film*, *sport*). ● *n.* sight, vision, eyesight. ●*interj.* see, look. **no vide** miss, not see. **(tu) vide** you see (*filler*). **vide tunelin** tunnel vision.

**videador** *n.* video recorder, video player, VCR, DVD player.

**vidente** *adj.* seeing, sighted. **partal vidente** partially sighted.

**video** *adj.* & *n.* video. **video par comanda** video on demand.

**videta** *vt.* & *n.* glimpse, peek, peep, pry. **videta acaso** *v.* & *n.* glimpse. **videta secreta** *v.* & *n.* peek.

**vidua**¹ *adj.* widowed. ● *n.* widow, widower.

**vidua**² *n.* indigobird, whydah (*Vidua*).

**vidui** *vi.* become widowed.

**viet** *adj.* & *n.* Vietnamese (*person*, *language*).

**Vietnam** *n.* Vietnam.

**vijila** *vt.* watch, be vigilant, be alert, keep an eye on, monitor. ● *n.* watch, vigil, vigilance, surveillance, stakeout.**vijila de tota santas** Halloween, All Hallows’ Eve, All Saints’ Eve.

**vijilante** *adj.* vigilant, alert, watchful, hawk-eyed. **es vijilante** be vigilant, watch out, keep a lookout.

**vijilor** *n.* sentinel, watchman, lookout, proctor. **vijilor estralegal** vigilante.

**vil** *adj.* vile, loathsome, depraved, ignoble, fiendish. ● *n.* villain, scoundrel, crook, con man, miscreant, evildoer, malfeasant, culprit, wrongdoer, reprobate, rogue, scoundrel, fiend.

**vila** *n.* town. **vila bumante** boomtown. **vila de nase** birthtown, hometown. **vila de universia** campus. **vila provinsal** backwater, boondocks.

**vilan** *n.* townsman, townswoman, townsperson, townie.

**vileta** *n.* village. **vileta noncorporada** unincorporated village, hamlet.

**viletan** *n.* villager.

**vilia** *n.* vice, villainy, depravity.

**vilo** *n.* villus (pl. villi) (*anatomy*).

**vim** *n.* wicker, wattle (*twigs*).

**vina** *n.* veena (*musical instrument*).

**vinagra** *n.* vinegar.

**vinagreta** *n.* vinaigrette.

**vinagri** *vt.* marinate in vinegar, marinade, pickle.

**vinagrida** *adj.* pickled.

**vinca** *n.* vinca, periwinkle (*plant*: *Vinca*).

**vineria** *n.* winery.

**vinieta** *n.* vignette, decorative symbol.

**vinil** *n.* vinyl.

**vino** *n.* wine. **vendor de vinos** wine merchant, vintner. **vino bolante** sparkling wine. **vino calda** mulled wine, wassail. **vino fortida** fortified wine.

**vinofilia** *n.* oenophilia (US enophilia) (*love of wine*).

**vinofilica** *n.* oenophile (US enophile).

**vinolojia** *n.* oenology (US enology).

**vinor** *n.* winemaker, vintner.

**vinsable** *adj.* vincible.

**vinsal** *adj.* triumphal.

**vinse** *vt.* beat, defeat, vanquish, surmount, overcome, subdue, trounce; win, be victorious. ● *n.* victory, triumph.**vinse inondante** landslide victory. **vinse sin valua** Pyrrhic victory.

**vinseda** *adj.* & *n.* vanquished, defeated.

**vinsente** *adj.* victorious, triumphant.

**vinsentian** *adj.* & *n.* Vincentian, Vincy. See *San Vinsent*.

**vinsisme** *n.* triumphalism.

**vinsor** *n.* victor, conqueror, winner.

**viola** *n.* viola. **viola de rota** hurdy-gurdy, wheel fiddle. **viola vertical** viol, viola de gamba.

**viole** *vt.* violate, infringe, break (*rule*, *law*), transgress, defile, desecrate; rape, ravish. ● *n.* violation, infringement, infraction, transgression, aggression; rape (*sexual assault*). **viole de patenta** patent infringement.

**violente** *adj.* violent, harsh, aggressive, militant. ● *n.* brute, thug, roughneck.

**violentia** *n.* violence. **violentia familial** domestic violence, domestic abuse.

**violeta** *adj.* violet (*colour*). ● *n.* violet (*plant*: *Viola*).

**violin** *n.* violin, fiddle.

**violiniste** *n.* violinist, fiddler.

**violiste** *n.* violist.

**violor** *n.* violator; rapist.

**vipera** *n.* viper, adder, asp (*Viperidae*).

**vireo** *n.* vireo (*bird*: *Vireonidae*).

**Virginia** [verdjinia] *n.* Virginia (*US state*). **Virginia Ueste** West Virginia (*US state*).

**virgula** *n.* comma. **de virgula flotante** floating-point (*number*). **virgula desimal** decimal point.

**virjin** *adj.* virginal, sexually innocent, chaste. ● *n.* virgin, maiden. **Virjin** *n.* Virgo (*constellation*). **Isolas Virjin**Virgin Islands. **Isolas Virjin Brites** British Virgin Islands.

**virjinia** *n.* virginity, chastity.

**virola** *n.* virola (*tree*: *Virola*).

**virolojia** *n.* virology.

**virolojiste** *n.* virologist.

**virtua** *n.* virtue, purity, decency, innocence, righteousness, rectitude.

**virtual** *adj.* virtual.

**virtuosa** *adj.* virtuous, pure, decent, innocent, righteous.

**virtuosia** *n.* decency, righteousness, probity.

**virus** *n.* virus. **virus de imunodebilia umana** human immunodeficiency virus, HIV.

**virusal** *adj.* viral (*of viruses*).

**vis-** *pref.* vice-, deputy (*added to nouns denoting official jobs*); e.g. *visre*.

**visa** *n.* visa (*for travel*).

**visamiral** *n.* vice-admiral.

**Visayas, Mar** *n.* Visayan Sea.

**viscio** *n.* mistletoe (*Viscum*).

**viscomandor** *n.* vice-commander, second-in-command.

**visconte** *n.* viscount.

**viscosa** *adj.* viscous, thick, sticky, gooey, goopy, gloopy.

**viscosia** *n.* viscosity, thickness, stickiness, consistency.

**vise** *n.* screw (*fastener*); bolt (*for nut*). **vise crusin** crosshead screw, Phillips screw. **vise cuadro** square screw, square bolt. **vise de Allen** Allen screw, Allen bolt. **vise esagon** hex-cap screw, hex-cap bolt. **vise nonfininte** wormgear. **vise per lenio** wood screw. **vise per metal** metal screw. **vise ranurida** slot screw.

**visera** *n.* viscera, guts (*treated as a mass noun*).

**viseral** *adj.* visceral.

**visi** *vt.* screw, bolt.

**visia** *n.* vetch, tare (*plant*: *Vicia*).

**visiera** *n.* visor.

**visigoto** *adj.* Visigothic. ● *n.* Visigoth.

**visina** *adj.* neighbouring (US neighboring), adjoining, adjacent. ● *n.* neighbour (US neighbor).

**visineria** *n.* neighbourhood (US neighborhood). **visineria de lata** shanty town, squatter camp. **visineria misera** slum. **visineria rica** rich neighbourhood (US neighborhood), uptown.

**visinia** *n.* vicinity.

**visita** *vt.* visit. ● *n.* visit, stopover, call.

**visitor** *n.* visitor; guest, boarder (*hotel*). **cuantia de visitores** number of visitors, attendance. **visitor invitada** guest.

**vismaior** *n.* vice-mayor, alderman.

**vison** *n.* mink (*animal*: *Mustela vison*, *Mustela lutreola*).

**vispresidente** *n.* vice-president.

**visre** *n.* viceroy.

**visrea** *n.* vicereine.

**visrejente** *n.* vice-regent.

**vista** *n.* view, sight, vista, prospect, landscape, scenery. **con vista bela** scenic. **en vista de** in sight of. **estra vista** out of sight. **ultra vista** out of sight. **vista airal** bird’s-eye view. **vista de mar** seascape. **vista de mundo** world view, Weltanschauung. **vista jeneral** overview (*of topic*). **vista ladal** sideview.

**vitamina** *n.* vitamin. **vitamina C** vitamin C, ascorbic acid.

**vite** *n.* vine.

**vitelo** *n.* yolk.

**viteria** *n.* vineyard.

**viteta** *n.* tendril.

**Viti** *n.* Fiji. **viti** *adj.* & *n.* Fijian. See *Fiji*.

**vitiligo** *n.* vitiligo (*medical*).

**vitim** *n.* victim, casualty, prey. **sin vitim** victimless.

**vitimi** *vi.* become a victim, fall prey (*to*), fall foul (*of*). ● *vt.* victimize.

**vitreta** *n.* shotglass; shot (*drink*).

**vitri** *vi.* vitrify. ● *vt.* vitrify; glaze (*window*). ● *n.* vitrification.

**vitrin** *adj.* glassy, glazed, vitreous.

**vitriol** *n.* vitriol.

**vitriolosa** *adj.* vitriolic.

**vitro** *n.* glass (*substance*, *container*) ; slide (*microscope*). **en vitro** in vitro. **vitro acrilica** perspex, plexiglass, lucite, polymethyl methacrylate, poly. **vitro colorida** stained glass. **vitro de coniac** brandy glass, snifter.**vitro de fenetra** window pane. **vitro de forno** pyrex. **vitro de vino** wine glass. **vitros** glasses, stemware.

**vitror** *n.* glazier.

**viu** *abbr.* (*virus de imunodebilia umana*) HIV.

**vive** *vi.* live, be alive. ● *vt.* cause to live, keep alive. ● *n.* life. **de vive intera** lifelong. **en vive** in vivo. **vive intera** lifetime, lifespan. **vive la re** long live the king. **vive plu longa ca** outlive. **vive pos mori** life after death, afterlife, hereafter.

**vivente** *adj.* alive, live, living. ● *n.* creature, organism, lifeform. **viventes savaje** wildlife.

**viveria** *n.* nursery (*for plants*).

**viverna** *n.* wyvern (*mythology*).

**vivin** *adj.* lifelike, vivid.

**vivipari** *vi.* be viviparous (*give birth to live offspring*).

**viviparia** *n.* vivipary.

**viviparinte** *adj.* viviparous.

**vivisesioni** *vt.* vivisect. ● *n.* vivisection.

**vivosa** *adj.* lively, vivacious, vital, jaunty, spry, spirited, full of life; allegro (*music*). ● *n.* lively person, swinger (*socaliser*).

**vivosia** *n.* liveliness, vitality, esprit, spiritedness.

**vixisuaz** *n.* vichyssoise (*soup*).

**Vixnu** *n.* Vishnu (*Hinduism*).

**vizir** *n.* vizir, vizier (*officer*).

**vocabulal** *adj.* lexical.

**vocabulo** *n.* vocabulary, lexicon.

**vocal** *adj.* vocalic. ● *n.* vowel. **vocal abrida** open vowel. **vocal cluida** close vowel. **vocal fronte** front vowel.**vocal media** mid vowel. **vocal media abrida** open-mid vowel. **vocal media cluida** close-mid vowel.**vocal plata** unrounded vowel. **vocal retro** back vowel. **vocal ronda** rounded vowel. **vocal sentral**central vowel.

**vocali** *vi.* & *vt.* vocalize (*as vowel*).

**vocativa** *adj.* & *n.* vocative (*grammar*).

**vodca** *n.* vodka (*drink*).

**vodevil** *adj.* & *n.* vaudeville, burlesque.

**voior** *n.* voyeur.

**voiorisme** *n.* voyeurism.

**vola** *vi.* & *vt.* fly. ● *n.* flight. **vola alta** soar. **vola scemida** scheduled flight. **vola spasial** spaceflight.

**volador** *n.* aircraft, flying machine.

**volante**¹ *n.* steering wheel.

**volante**² *n.* shuttlecock.

**volatil** *adj.* volatile, mercurial.

**volatilia** *n.* volatility.

**volcan** *n.* volcano.

**volcanal** *adj.* volcanic.

**volcanolojia** *n.* volcanology.

**volcanolojiste** *n.* volcanologist.

**vole** *vt.* want, wish, desire, intend, will. ● *n.* will, volition, intention; discretion. **a sua vole** at one’s discretion. **a vole** at will. **bon voles** best wishes. **ta vole** would like to (*polite*); e.g. *me ta vole du biletas, per favore*; *me ta vole aida, ma me es ja ocupada*. **vole dise** mean, intend to say. **vole ferin** iron will. **vole sabe** wonder, want to know, would like to know.

**voleda** *adj.* willed, voluntary, deliberate, intended, intentional.

**volente** *adj.* willing (*actor*); deliberate, intentional. ● *adv.* willingly, voluntarily, deliberately, intentionally, on purpose.

**voleta** *vi.* flutter, go fluttering past.

**volibal** *n.* volleyball.

**volor** *n.* flyer; aviator, pilot.

**volpal** *adj.* vulpine.

**volpe** *n.* fox (*Vulpes*). **Volpe** *n.* Vulpecula (*constellation*). **volpe fema** vixen.

**volpin** *adj.* foxlike, vulpine.

**volta**¹ *vi.* somersault, flip, go head over heels, tumble, topple. ● *vt.* flip, send head over heels. ● *n.* somersault.**volta ladal** cartwheel. **volta par mano** handspring, cartwheel.

**volta**² *n.* vault (*ceiling*).

**voltaica** *adj.* voltaic.

**volte** *n.* volt (*unit of electromotive force*). **cuantia de voltes** voltage.

**voltor** *n.* tumbler (*acrobat*).

**volum** *n.* volume (*capacity*, *loudness*, *book*).

**volumosa** *adj.* voluminous.

**volunta** *n.* will, willpower. **volunta libre** free will.

**volvox** *n.* volvox (*organism*).

**vomita** *n.* vomit, sick, puke.

**vomiti** *vt.* vomit, be sick, throw up, puke, retch, regurgitate, disgorge. ● *n.* regurgitation.

**vortis** *n.* vortex, whirlpool, maelstrom. **vortis de venta** whirlwind.

**vortiseta** *n.* eddy.

**vos** *pron.* you (*plural*), you all, ye.

**vosa** *det.* your (*plural*). **la vosa** yours.

**vosal** *adj.* vocal (*of the voice*).

**vose** *n.* voice; articulation. **a vose** aloud, out loud. **vose ativa** active voice. **vose nasal** nasal voice, twang. **vose pasiva** passive voice.

**vosi** *vt.* voice, utter, vocalize, verbalize, give voice to. ● *n.* utterance, vocalism, vocalization.

**vota** *vi.* vote. ● *n.* vote (*individual’s*, *overall process*); ballot, election, poll, voting. **ante vota** pre-election. **caxa de vota** ballot box. **ofisior de vota** returning officer. **paper de vota** ballot paper. **vota direta** plebiscite.**vota jeneral** general election. **vota per** vote for. **vota spesial** special election, by-election. **vota vacua**spoiled vote, spoilt vote, null vote.

**voteria** *n.* polling place, polling station; voting booth.

**votor** *n.* voter. **votores** voters, electorate.

**vudu** *n.* voodoo (*religion*).

**vulcani** *vt.* vulcanize.

**vulgar** *adj.* vulgar, indecent, improper, naughty, bawdy, crude, foul-mouthed, rabelaisian, ribald, off-colour (US off-color).

**vulgaria** *n.* vulgarity.

**vultur** *n.* vulture (*Aegypiinae*, *Cathartidae*).

**vulva** *n.* vulva (*anatomy*).

W

**w** [wa] *letter* w.

**Warszawa** [varxava] *n.* Warsaw.

**Washington** [wáxington] *n.* Washington (*US state*, *city*).

**Wien** [vin] *n.* Vienna.

**Wisconsin** *n.* Wisconsin (*US state*).

**www** [wawawá] *n.* WWW (*World Wide Web*). See *ueb*.

**Wyoming** [waióming] *n.* Wyoming (*US state*).

X

**x** [ex] *letra* x.

**xa** *n.* shah ('rey*).*

**xabeco** *n.* xebec, zebec (*barco*).

**xabli** *n.* chablis (*vino*).

**xacal** *n.* chacal (*Canis aureus*, *Canis adustus*, *Canis mesomelas*).

**xace** *vt.* dar jaque (*en ajedrez*). ● *n.* ajedrez; jaque. ● *interj.* jaque.

**xacemata** *vt.*dar jaquemate. ● *n.* jaquemate, mate. ● *interj.*jaquemate.

**xacuhatxi** *n.* shakuhachi (*flauta*).

**xal** *n.* shawl (*garment*).

**xale** *n.* chalet (*cottage*).

**xama** *vi.*- *n.* swarm.

**xaman** *n.* shaman, sangoma, witch doctor.

**xambelan** *n.* chamberlain (*officer*).

**xamisen** *n.* shamisen (*musical instrument*).

**xampania** *n.* champagne. **xampania multe seca** brut champagne.

**xampi** *v.* shampoo.

**xampinion** *n.* mushroom, toadstool (*Agaricomycetes*). **xampinion venenosa** poisonous toadstool.

**xampu** [xampú] *n.* champú.

**xamroc** *n.* shamrock (*Trifolium repens*, *Trifolium dubium*).

**xangtxi** *n.* xiangqi, Chinese chess.

**xantoma** *n.* xanthoma (*medical*).

**xantopsia** *n.* xanthopsia (*medical*).

**xapa** *n.* veneer.

**xaperia** *n.* hat shop, millinery.

**xapeta** *n.* cap, kepi, bonnet. **xapeta academial** mortarboard. **xapeta de bani** bath cap, shower cap.

**xapi** *vt.* veneer.

**xapin** *adj.* hatlike.

**xapo** *n.* hat; header. **xapo de cauboi** cowboy hat. **xapo de jornal** masthead. **xapo de letera** letterhead.**xapo de note** nightcap. **xapo de paje** header. **xapo de palia** straw hat, boater. **xapo de pelo** fur hat; bearskin. **xapo ornosa** headdress. **xapo saturnin** saturn hat, cappello romano. **xapo silindre** top hat.

**xapon** *n.* akubra, fedora, sombrero, cowboy hat, slouch hat.

**xapor** *n.* hatter, hatmaker, milliner, haberdasher.

**xaria** *n.* sharia (*Islam*).

**xarif** *n.* sharif (*Islam*).

**xarlatan** *n.* charlatan, mountebank; babbler (*bird*: *Timaliidae*). **xarlatan medical** quack.

**xarleston** *n.* hi-hat (*cymbals*); charleston (*dance*).

**xarnier** *n.* hinge.

**xarnieri** *vt.* hinge.

**xarnierida** *adj.* hinged.

**xarpe** *n.* scarf, stole, muffler. **xarpe de muni** bandolier. **xarpe de spada** baldric, sword belt. **xarpe de spala**shoulder belt. **xarpe de taie** cummerbund. **xarpe medical** sling. **xarpe ofisial** sash.

**xasa** *vt.* chase, hunt, pursue, prey upon. ● *n.* chase, hunt, pursuit, predation. **xasa a via** chase away. **xasa de balenas** whaling. **xasa de ereses** auto-da-fé. **xasa de sorsores** witch hunt. **xasa furtiva** prowl. **xasa nonlegal** *vt.* poach. ● *n.* poaching. **xasa testas** headhunt.

**xasafem** *n.* womanizer, philanderer, playboy, gigolo, lothario, romeo, rake, roué, wolf, ladies’ man.

**xasante** *adj.* predatory. **xasante-coliante** *adj.* hunter-gatherer, hunting and gathering.

**xasatesta** *n.* headhunter.

**xasatorpedo** *n.* destroyer (*warship*).

**xasi** *n.* chassis, undercarriage.

**xasor** *n.* hunter, predator; tracker; hound, hunting dog. **xasor-colior** *n.* hunter-gatherer. **xasor de volpes**foxhound. **xasor nonlegal** poacher.

**xcip** *adj.* Albanian. ● *n.* Albanian (*person*, *language*). See *albanian*.

**Xciperia** *n.* Albania. See *Albania*.

**xec** *n.* sheik, sheikh, shaikh.

**xece** *n.* cheque (US check) (*money*).

**xecel** *n.* shekel (*currency*).

**xecer** *adj.* & *n.* Shaker.

**xecerisme** *n.* Shakerism (*Christianity*).

**xecia** *n.* sheikdom, sheikhdom (*post*, *period*, *area*).

**xef** *adj.* chief, main, primary, principal, foremost, premier, prime, key. ● *adv.* chiefly, mainly, mostly, primarily, principally, most importantly; e.g. *el bevi xef cafe*; *aira es xef composada de nitrojen*. ● *n.* chief, leader, head, headman, chieftain, overlord, sachem. **xef de cosina** chef. **xef de gang** ringleader. **xef de gera** war chief, warlord. **xef de governa** head of government. **xef de orcestra** conductor, orchestra leader. **xef de posteria** postmaster. **xef de securia** head of security, head of intelligence. **xef de sirco** ringmaster. **xef de stasion** station master. **xef de stato** chief of state, head of state. **xef de table** head of the table; croupier. **xef sin potia** figurehead.

**xeferia** *n.* headquarters, HQ.

**xefia** *n.* chiefdom, leadership, primacy.

**xel** *n.* shale (*geology*).

**xeliste** *n.* cellist, violoncellist.

**xelo** *n.* cello, violoncello.

**xenil** *n.* chenille (*yarn*).

**xeno-** *pref.* xeno- (*foreign*).

**xenobiolojia** *n.* xenobiology.

**xenobiolojiste** *n.* xenobiologist.

**xenofilia** *n.* xenophilia, xenophily.

**xenofilica** *adj.* xenophilic. ● *n.* xenophile.

**xenofobia** *n.* xenophobia.

**xenofobica** *adj.* xenophobic. ● *n.* xenophobe.

**xenon** *n.* xenon (*chemistry*).

**xenoturbelido** *n.* xenoturbellid (*worm*: *Xenoturbellida*).

**xerca** *vt.* seek, search for, look for, look up, quest after; ask for, solicit. ● *n.* search, quest; manhunt. **xerca furtiva** snoop. **xerca per la posto** headhunt (*business*). **xerca rapida** riffle, rifle. **xerca sieca** search blindly, grope. **xerca sua asendentes** trace one’s ancestry, search for one’s ancestors.

**xercada** *adj.* sought-after, wanted.

**xercador** *n.* search engine.

**xercaemplea** *n.* jobseeker.

**xercor** *n.* seeker, searcher, prospector.

**xeres** *n.* sherry (*wine*).

**xerif** *n.* sheriff (*officer*).

**xero-** *pref.* xero- (*dry*).

**xerofilia** *n.* xerophilia.

**xerofilica** *adj.* xerophilic. ● *n.* xerophile, xerophyte.

**xeroftalmia** *n.* xerophthalmia (*medical*).

**xerografia** *n.* xerography, electrophotography.

**xerografial** *adj.* xerographic.

**xerostomia** *n.* xerostomia (*medical*).

**xerpa** *adj.* - *n.* Sherpa (*person*, *language*).

**xevron** *n.* chevron, angle bracket.

**xevronosa** *adj.* herringbone.

**xi** *n.* xi (*Greek letter*).

**xia** *adj.* - *n.* Shia, Shiite, Shi’ite (*Islam*).

**xiang** *adj.* - *n.* Xiang, Hunanese (*language*).

**xiatsu** *n.* shiatsu (*massage*).

**xibolet** *n.* shibboleth.

**xica** *n.* girl; wench; (*colloquial*) gal, chick (*woman*). **xica de cor** girlfriend. **xica de jornales** newsgirl, papergirl. **xica masin** tomboy. **xica minor** jailbait. **xica naive** ingenue. **xica noncortes** impudent girl, minx. **xica ruidosa** boisterous girl, hoyden. **xica vagante** street urchin, guttersnipe, gamine, ragamuffin.

**xice** *n.* child, kid, kiddie, kiddy, bairn, tyke; (*colloquial*) guy or gal (*person*).

**xicle** *n.* chicle (*latex*).

**xico** *n.* boy; (*colloquial*) guy, bloke, chap, fellow, geezer (*man*). **xico de cor** boyfriend. **xico de jornales**newsboy, paperboy. **xico femin** sissy. **xico vagante** street urchin, guttersnipe, gamin.

**xicoria** *n.* achicoria, endivia (*planta*: *Cichorium intybus*).

**xicungunia** *n.* chikungunya (*virus*).

**xifon** *n.* chiffon (*fabric*).

**xilema** *n.* xylem (*botany*).

**xilia** *vt.* - *n.* shriek, scream, screech.

**xiliante** *adj.* screaming, shrieking; shrill, piercing, harsh, strident, screeching, raucous; garish, loud.

**xiling** *n.* shilling, schilling (*currency*).

**xilo-** *pref.* xylo- (*wood*).

**xilofaje** *adj.* xylophagous. ● *n.* xylophage.

**xilofon** *n.* xylophone.

**xilografia** *n.* xylography, woodcut printing.

**xilografial** *adj.* xylographic.

**xilogram** *n.* xylograph, woodcut.

**xilosa** *n.* xylose (*sugar*).

**ximi** *vi.*, *vt.* & *n.* shimmy, wiggle, waggle, jiggle.

**ximine** *n.* chimney, smokestack; funnel; vent.

**ximineria** *n.* hearth, hearthside, fireplace, ingle; grate.

**ximinte** *adj.* waggly, wiggly.

**ximpanze** *n.* chimpanzee, chimp (*Pan*).

**Xina** *n.* China. **Mar Xina Este** East China Sea. **Mar Xina Sude** South China Sea. See *Jonguo*.

**xines** *adj.* Chinese. ● *n.* Chinese (*person*, *language*).

**xinion** *n.* chignon, bun (*hair*).

**Xinjiang** *n.* Xinjiang, Sinkiang (*Chinese province*).

**xinolojia** *n.* sinology.

**xinolojiste** *n.* sinologist.

**xinto** *n.* shinto (*religion*).

**xintoiste** *adj.* shintoistic. ● *n.* shintoist.

**xinxe** *n.* bug (*Hemiptera*). **xinxe de acua** waterbug (*Nepomorpha*, *Gerromorpha*). **xinxe de leto** bedbug (*Cimicidae*). **xinxe focosa** firebug (*Pyrrhocoris apterus*). **xinxe scermin** shield bug, stinkbug (*Pentatomomorpha*).

**xip** *n.* potato crisp (*UK*), potato chip (*US*).

**xiroco** *n.* sirocco (*wind*).

**xirope** *n.* syrup. **xirope de asero** maple syrup. **xirope de granada** grenadine.

**xiste** *n.* schist (*geology*).

**xitace** *n.* shiitake (*mushroom*: *Lentinula edodes*).

**xiva**¹ *n.* shiva (*Judaism*).

**Xiva**² *n.* Shiva (*Hinduism*).

**xixe** *n.* chickpea (*Cicer arietinum*).

**xoca** *vt.* shock, alarm, appall (US appal), horrify; crash, collide, jolt, jar. ● *n.* shock, shocker; jolt, blow of force, brunt; crash, collision. **xoca de colo** whiplash.

**xocada** *adj.* shocked, aghast, appalled, horrified.

**xocante** *adj.* shocking, jarring, alarming, appalling, terrible, horrible, horrifying, horrific, horrendous.

**xocaoio** *n.* eyesore, monstrosity.

**xocolada** *n.* chocolate.

**xocolador** *n.* chocolatier.

**xogi** *n.* shogi, Japanese chess.

**xogun** *n.* shogun (*tyrant*).

**xoji** *n.* shoji (*door*).

**xova** *n.* chough (*bird*: *Pyrrhocorax*). **xova becojala** yellow-billed chough (*Pyrrhocorax graculus*). **xova becoroja** red-billed chough (*Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax*).

**xucrute** *n.* sauerkraut (*food*).

**xufelborda** *n.* shuffleboard, shovelboard (*game*).

**xuta** *vt.* shoot, fire (*missile*), launch, fling, hurl, propel, drive; snap, take a photo of, shoot, capture. ● *n.* shot, shooting, gunshot. **xuta a platos** clay-pigeon shooting, skeet shooting. **xuta acaso** random shot, potshot.

**xutada** *n.* shot, bullet, missile.

**xutador** *n.* wood (*golf club*). **xutador xef** driver (*golf club*).

**xutor** *n.* shooter, sniper.

**xux** *interj.* sh.

**xuxa** *vt.* whisper; prompt; rustle. ● *n.* whisper; prompt; rustle, rustling, froufrou.

**xuxor** *n.* whisperer; prompter.

**xva** *n.* schwa (*vowel*); shva, sh’wa (*Hebrew vowel sign*).

**Xvaben** *n.* Swabia (*German region*).

**xvabes** *adj.* Swabian.

Y

**y** [ya] *letra* y.

**York Nova** *n.* Estado de Nueva York (*Estados Unidos*).

**Yucatan** *n.* Yucatán (*estado de México*). **Penisola Yucatan** peninsula de Yucatán.

**Yukon** *n.* Yukón (*provincia de Canadá*).

Z

**z** [ze] *letter* z.

**zabalion** *n.* zabaglione, zabaione (*dessert*).

**zada** *n.*azada.

**zadi** *vt.* sachar.

**zafran** *n.* azafrán (*planta*, *especie*: *Crocus sativus*).

**zagaia** *n.* assegai (*spear*).

**zagruta** *vt.* & *n.*  zaghareet (*ululación ceremonial*).

**Zair** *n.* Zaire. Ver *Republica Democrata de Congo*.

**Zambia** *n.* Zambia.

**zambian** *adj.* & *n.* zambiano.

**Zanzibar** *n.* Zanzibar.

**zazen** *n.* zazen (*meditación*).

**zebra** *n.* cebra (*Equus zebra*, *Equus quagga*, *Equus grevyi*).

**zebu** *n.* zebu, humped cattle (*Bos primigenius indicus*).

**Zeland** *n.* Zelanda. **Zeland Nova** Nueva Zelanda.

**zelandes** *adj.* Nueva Zelanda. ● *n.* neozelandés, kiwi.

**zeli** *vt.* enthuse.

**zelo** *n.* celo, entusiasmo, avidez, alacrity, ardor, fervor, keenness, brio, gusto, panache, zest.

**zelosa** *adj.* celoso, entusiástico, eager, keen, ansioso, apasionado, ardiente, ávido, fanático, ferviente, zestful; hearty, heartfelt, (*emocionalme*) cálido. **tro zelosa** overenthusiastic, overeager.

**zen** *n.* Zen.

**zeniste** *adj.* Zen. ● *n.* budismo zen.

**zenite** *n.* zenit, high point, pinnacle, acme.

**zero** *det.* cero, no; e.g. *la acua jela a temperatur de zero grados*. ● *adj.* cero; e.g. *la elemento zero de un vetor*. ● *n.* zero, zero point, nought, naught, nil. ● *pron.* none, not any, nil; e.g. *zero de la pacetas ia ariva*. Ver *no*.

**zeta** *n.* zeta (*letra griega*).

**Zeus** *n.* Zeus.

**zezea** *vt.* & *n.* lisp.

**zibelina** *n.* sable (*animal*: *Martes zibellina*).

**Zica** *n.* Zika. **febre de Zica** fiebre de Zika. **virus de Zica** virus de Zika.

**zigoma** *n.* zygoma, cheekbone.

**zigoto** *n.* zygote (*biologįa*).

**zigurat** *n.* zigurat (*pirámide*).

**zigzaga** *vi.* & *n.* zigzag.

**Zimbabue** *n.* Zimbabue.

**zimbabuean** *adj.* & *n.* zimbabuano.

**zinci** *vt.* zincar, galvanizar.

**zinco** *n.* zinc.

**zinia** *n.* zinnia (*planta*: *Zinnia*).

**zipe** *n.* zip, zipper; fly, flies.

**zipi** *vt.* zip.

**zircon** *n.* zircon (*mineral*).

**zirconio** *n.* zirconio (*elemento*).

**zloti** *n.* złoty (*moneda*).

**zo**¹ *n.* zoo, menagerie.

**zo-**² *pref.* zoo- (*animal*).

**zoco** *n.* zueco.

**zocor** *n.* clogmaker.

**zodiacal** *adj.* zodiacal.

**zodiaco** *n.* zodiaco.

**zofilia** *n.* zoofilia, bestophilia, bestiality.

**zofilica** *adj.* zoofílico, zoophiliac. ● *n.* zoophile, zoophiliac.

**zofite** *n.* zoofto.

**zojeografia** *n.* zoogeography.

**zojeografial** *adj.* zoogeographical.

**zojeografiste** *n.* zoogeographer.

**zolojia** *n.* zoología.

**zolojial** *adj.* zoological.

**zolojiste** *n.* zoologista.

**zombi** *n.* zombi.

**zona** *n.* zona. **zona de ora** zona horaria. **zona de presa alta** área de alta presión. **zona de presa basa** área de baja presión.

**zonal** *adj.* zonal.

**Zoroastra** *n.* Zoroastro, Zaratustra.

**zoroastrisme** *n.* zoroastrianismo, mazdeismo (*religión*).

**zoroastriste** *adj.* & *n.* zoroastriano.

**zuca** *n.* calabaza, squash, gourd, marrow, calabash (*Lagenaria*, *Cucurbita*).

**zucar** *n.* azúcar. **zucar de orzo** azúcar de cebada.

**zucari** *vt.* azucarar, sugarcoat, add sugar to.

**zucarosa** *adj.* sugary, sacarina, sappy.

**zuceta** *n.* courgette, zucchini (*Cucurbita pepo*).

**zulu** *adj.*  *n.* zulú (*persona*, *lengua*).

**zuma** *vi.* zum, zoom in. ● *n.* zoom, zooming. **zuma rapida** crash zoom.

**zumbador** *n.* zumbador.

**zumbi** *vt.*  *n.* hum, croon; buzz, whir, whirr, drone; whizz, whoosh.

**zumbinte** *adj.*zumbido, abuzz.