recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Megalodon

**Megalodon** (*Carcharodon* *megalodon*), meaning "big tooth", is an extinct species of shark that lived approximately 23 to 2.6 million years ago (mya), during the Early Miocene to the end of the Pliocene. It was formerly thought to be a member of the Lamnidae family, making it closely related to the great white shark (*Carcharodon carcharias*). However presently there is near unanimous consensus that it belongs to the extinct family Otodontidae, which diverged from the ancestry of the great white shark during the Early Cretaceous. Its genus placement is still debated, authors placing it in either *Carcharocles*, *Megaselachus*, *Otodus*, or *Procarcharodon*.

Scientists suggest that megalodon looked like a stockier version of the great white shark, though it may have looked similar to the basking shark (*Cetorhinus maximus*) or the sand tiger shark (*Carcharias taurus*). Regarded as one of the largest and most powerful predators to have ever lived, fossil remains of megalodon suggest that this giant shark reached a maximum length of 18 meters (59 ft) with the average size being 10.5 meters (34 ft). Their large jaws could exert a bite force of up to 110,000 to 180,000 newtons (25,000 to 40,000 lbf). Their teeth were thick and robust, built for grabbing prey and breaking bone.

Megalodon probably had a major impact on the structure of marine communities. The fossil record indicates that it had a cosmopolitan distribution. It probably targeted large prey, such as whales, seals, and sea turtles. Juveniles inhabited warm coastal waters and fed on fish and small whales. Unlike the great white, which attacks prey from the soft underside, megalodon probably used its strong jaws to break through the chest cavity and puncture the heart and lungs of its prey.

The animal faced competition from whale-eating cetaceans, such as *Livyatan* and other macroraptorial sperm whales, and smaller ancestral killer whales such as *Orcinus citoniensis*. As the shark preferred warmer waters, it is thought that oceanic cooling associated with the onset of the ice ages, coupled with the lowering of sea levels and resulting loss of suitable nursery areas, may have also contributed to its decline. A reduction in the diversity of baleen whales and a shift in their distribution toward polar regions may have reduced megalodon's primary food source. The extinction of the shark appeared to affect other animals; for example, the size of baleen whales increased significantly after the shark had disappeared.
American Black Bear

The American black bear is a medium-sized bear native to North America. It is the continent's smallest and most widely distributed bear species. American black bears are omnivores, with their diets varying greatly depending on season and location. They typically live in largely forested areas, but do leave forests in search of food. Sometimes they become attracted to human communities because of the immediate availability of food. The American black bear is the world's most common bear species.
Crassigyrinus

Crassigyrinus is an extinct genus of carnivorous stem tetrapod from the Early Carboniferous of Scotland and possibly Greer, West Virginia. The type specimen was originally described as Macromerium scoticum and lacked a complete skull. With subsequent discoveries, Crassigyrinus is now known from three skulls, one of which is in articulation with a fairly complete skeleton, and two incomplete lower jaws. Crassigyrinus grew up to 2 meters in length, coupled with tiny limbs and unusually large jaws. Crassigyrinus is taxonomically enigmatic, having confused paleontologists for decades with its apparent fish-like and tetrapod features. It was traditionally placed within the group Labyrinthodontia along with many other early tetrapods. Some paleontologists have even considered it as the most basal Crown group tetrapod, while others hesitate to even place it within the Tetrapoda superclass. Crassigyrinus had unusually large jaws, enabling it to eat other animals it could catch and swallow. It had two rows of sharp teeth in its jaws, the second row having a pair of fangs. Crassigyrinus had large eyes, suggesting that it was either nocturnal, or lived in very murky water.
Anomalocaris

Anomalocaris is an extinct genus of anomalocaridid, a family of animals thought to be closely related to ancestral arthropods. The first fossils of Anomalocaris were discovered in the Ogygopsis Shale by Joseph Frederick Whiteaves, with more examples found by Charles Doolittle Walcott in the Burgess Shale. Originally several fossilized parts discovered separately were thought to be three separate creatures, a misapprehension corrected by Harry B. Whittington and Derek Briggs in a 1985 journal article.
Arsinoitherium

Arsinoitherium is an extinct genus of paenungulate mammals belonging to the extinct order Embrithopoda. It is related to elephants, sirenians, hyraxes and the extinct desmostylians. Arsinoitheres were superficially rhinoceros-like herbivores that lived during the late Eocene and the early Oligocene of northern Africa from 36 to 30 million years ago, in areas of tropical rainforest and at the margin of mangrove swamps. A species described in 2004, A. giganteum, lived in Ethiopia about 27 million years ago.
Exclamation Point

An Exclamation Point a.k.a Exclamation Mark is a type of punctuation that is a signifies stuff when placed at the end of a sentence. Enclosed in these parenthesis is a Exclamation Point (!). Here is an example of a typical sentence using an Exclamation Point: I want to go to McDonald's now! The Exclamation point can be used in other contexts, it is commonly used to represent a Logical Not if a Tilde is not being used, and its also can be combined with an equal sign to represent not equals or not equal to (!=).
American Bison

The American bison or simply bison, also commonly known as the American buffalo or simply buffalo, is a North American species of bison that once roamed North America in vast herds. Their historical range, by 9000 BC, is described as the great bison belt, a tract of rich grassland that ran from Alaska to the Gulf of Mexico, east to the Atlantic Seaboard as far north as New York and south to Georgia and per some sources down to Florida, with sightings in North Carolina near Buffalo Ford on the Catawba River as late as 1750.. They became nearly extinct by a combination of commercial hunting and slaughter in the 19th century and introduction of bovine diseases from domestic cattle. With a population in excess of 60 million in the late 18th century, the species was down to 541 animals by 1889. Recovery efforts expanded in the mid-20th century, with a resurgence to roughly 500,000 animals today, largely restricted to a few national parks and reserves.
Helicoprion

Helicoprion is a genus of extinct, shark-like eugeneodontid holocephalid fish. Almost all fossil specimens are of spirally arranged clusters of the individuals' teeth, called "tooth whorls"— the cartilaginous skull, spine, and other structural elements have not been preserved in the fossil record, leaving scientists to make educated guesses as to its anatomy and behavior. Helicoprion lived in the oceans of the early Permian 290 million years ago, with species known from North America, Eastern Europe, Asia, and Australia. The closest living relatives of Helicoprion are the chimaeras.
Amebelodon

Amebelodon is a genus of extinct proboscidean belonging to Amebelodontidae, a group of proboscideans related to the modern elephants and their close relative the mammoth. The most striking attribute of this animal is its lower tusks, which are narrow, elongated, and distinctly flattened with the degree of flattening varying among the different species. Two valid species are currently placed within this genus, which was endemic to North America. Other species once assigned to Amebelodon are now assigned to the genus Konobelodon, which was once a subgenus.
Dinofelis

Dinofelis is a genus of extinct sabre-toothed cats belonging to the tribe Metailurini. They were widespread in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America at least 5 million to about 1.2 million years ago. Fossils very similar to Dinofelis from Lothagam range back to the Late Miocene, some 8 million years ago.
Amphimachairodus

Amphimachairodus is an extinct genus of large machairodonts belonging to the clade known as Eumachairodontia along with relatives like Smilodon and Homotherium. It is also a member of the tribe Homotherini within Machairodontidae and is most closely related to such species as Xenosmilus, Homotherium itself, and Nimravides. It inhabited Eurasia, Northern Africa and North America during the late Miocene epoch.
Dire Wolf

The dire wolf is an extinct species of the genus Canis. It is one of the most famous prehistoric carnivores in North America, along with its extinct competitor, the sabre-toothed cat Smilodon fatalis. The dire wolf lived in the Americas during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene epochs. The species was named in 1858, four years after the first specimen had been found. Two subspecies are recognized, these being Canis dirus guildayi and Canis dirus dirus. The dire wolf probably evolved from Armbruster's wolf in North America. The largest collection of its fossils has been obtained from the Rancho La Brea Tar Pits in Los Angeles.
Argentavis

Argentavis magnificens was among the largest flying birds ever to exist, quite possibly surpassed in wingspan only by Pelagornis sandersi, which was described in 2014. A. magnificens, sometimes called the giant teratorn, is an extinct species known from three sites in the Epecuén and Andalhuala Formations in central and northwestern Argentina dating to the Late Miocene, where a good sample of fossils has been obtained.
Wild Turkey

The wild turkey is an upland ground bird native to North America and is the heaviest member of the diverse Galliformes. It is the same species as the domestic turkey, which was originally derived from a southern Mexican subspecies of wild turkey. Although native to North America, the turkey probably got its name from the domesticated variety being imported to Britain in ships coming from the Levant via Spain. The British at the time therefore associated the wild turkey with the country Turkey and the name prevails.
Deinotherium

Deinotherium was a large prehistoric relative of modern-day elephants that appeared in the Middle Miocene and survived until the Early Pleistocene. During that time it changed very little. In life, it probably resembled modern elephants, except it had downward curving tusks attached to the lower jaw.
Devincenzia

Devincenzia is an extinct genus of giant flightless predatory birds in the family Phorusrhacidae or "terror birds" that lived during the Early Miocene Fray Bentos Formation of Uruguay and Late Miocene Ituzaingó Formation to Early Pliocene of Argentina. The type species D. pozzi was formerly known as Onactornis pozzi. A second species D. gallinali has been described. It stood about 2.5 metres tall.
Okapi

The okapi, also known as the forest giraffe, congolese giraffe or zebra giraffe, is an artiodactyl mammal native to the northeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in Central Africa. Although the okapi bears striped markings reminiscent of zebras, it is most closely related to the giraffe. The okapi and the giraffe are the only living members of the family Giraffidae. The okapi stands about 1.5 m tall at the shoulder and has an average body length around 2.5 m. Its weight ranges from 200 to 350 kg. It has a long neck, and large, flexible ears. Its coat is a chocolate to reddish brown, much in contrast with the white horizontal stripes and rings on the legs and white ankles. Male okapis have short, hair-covered, horn-like protuberances on their heads called ossicones, less than 15 cm in length. Females possess hair whorls, and ossicones are absent.
Giant Koala

The giant koala is an extinct arboreal marsupial which existed in Australia during the Pleistocene epoch. Phascolarctos stirtoni was about one third larger than the contemporary koala, P. cinereus, and has had an estimated weight of 29 lb, which is the same weight as a large contemporary male koala. Although considered a part of the Australian megafauna, its body mass excludes it from most formal definitions of megafauna. It is better described as a more robust koala, rather than a "giant"; in contrast, a number of Australian megafauna, such as Diprotodon and Procoptodon goliah, were unambiguously giants.The two koala species co-existed during the Pleistocene, occupying the same arboreal niche. The reason for the extinction of the larger of the two about 50,000 years ago is unknown, although there are various hypotheses for the extinction.
Titanosuchus

Titanosuchus ferox is an extinct species of dinocephalian therapsids that lived in the Mid Permian epoch in South Africa. Along with its close relatives, Jonkeria and Moschops, Titanosuchus inhabited present-day South Africa around 265 million years ago, in the Late Permian. Titanosuchus was a carnivore which measured over 2.5 m long and might have eaten both Jonkeria and Moschops, among other vertebrates. Its teeth included sharp incisors and fang-like canines, perfect for biting prey.
Pangitas

You have pangitas when your stomach is really itchy, inner-pangitas is when then inside of your stomach is itchy. Studies show that pangitas can cause diabetes and orgasims later in you life time. Pangitas is usually caused by an unexposed stomach area or contain from fur bearing animals or mexican leprechauns. Pangitas can be cured most of the time by a good night sleep or jumping into a body of cold water.
Meganeura

Meganeura is a genus of extinct insects from the Carboniferous period, which resembled and are related to the present-day dragonflies. With wingspans ranging from 65 cm to over 70 cm, M. monyi is one of the largest-known flying insect species. Meganeura were predatory, with their diet mainly consisting of other insects.
Edestus

Edestus is a genus of eugeneodontid holocephalids that lived throughout the world's oceans from the Late Devonian to the late Carboniferous. All of the species are known only from their teeth. The term "edestid" is often used to refer to any or all members of the order Eugeneodontiformes, though, strictly speaking, "edestid" properly refers only to members of the family Edestidae. Edestus is a Greek name derived from the word edeste, in reference to the aberrant quality and size of the species' teeth. The largest species, E. giganteus, could reach 6 m in length, the size of a modern great white shark.
Frigatebird

Frigatebirds are a family of seabirds called Fregatidae which are found across all tropical and subtropical oceans. The five extant species are classified in a single genus, Fregata. All have predominantly black plumage, long, deeply forked tails and long hooked bills. Females have white underbellies and males have a distinctive red gular pouch, which they inflate during the breeding season to attract females. Their wings are long and pointed and can span up to 2.3 metres, the largest wing area to body weight ratio of any bird.
Aardvark

The aardvark is a medium-sized, burrowing, nocturnal mammal native to Africa. It is the only living species of the order Tubulidentata, although other prehistoric species and genera of Tubulidentata are known. Unlike other insectivores, it has a long pig-like snout, which is used to sniff out food. It roams over most of the southern two-thirds of the African continent, avoiding areas that are mainly rocky. A nocturnal feeder, it subsists on ants and termites, which it will dig out of their hills using its sharp claws and powerful legs. It also digs to create burrows in which to live and rear its young. It receives a "least concern" rating from the IUCN, although its numbers seem to be decreasing.
European Cave Bear

The cave bear was a species of bear that lived in Europe and Asia during the Pleistocene and became extinct about 24,000 years ago during the Last Glacial Maximum. Both the word "cave" and the scientific name spelaeus are used because fossils of this species were mostly found in caves. This reflects the views of experts that cave bears may have spent more time in caves than the brown bear, which uses caves only for hibernation.
Hibbertopterus

Hibbertopterus is a genus of giant sea scorpion that inhabited the swamps of the British Isles during the Carboniferous. Hibbertopterus is a member of the family Hibbertopteridae, large bizarre Eurypterids found from the Upper Devonian to the end of the Permian period. They were sweep feeders, inhabiting freshwater swamps and rivers, feeding by raking through the soft sediment with blades on their anterior appendages to capture small invertebrates. Their morphology was so unusual that they have been thought to be an order separate from Eurypterida. Recent work however confirms them to be a derived member of the suborder Stylonurina, with the genus Drepanopterus being a basal member of their superfamily.
Thylacosmilus

Thylacosmilus is an extinct genus of saber-toothed metatherian that inhabited South America from the Late Miocene to Pliocene epochs. Though Thylacosmilus is one of several predatory mammal genera typically called "saber-toothed cats", it was not a felid placentalian, like the well-known North American Smilodon, but a sparassodont, a group closely related to marsupials, and only superficially resembled other saber-toothed mammals due to convergent evolution. A 2005 study found that the bite forces of Thylacosmilus and Smilodon were low, which indicates the killing-techniques of saber-toothed animals differed from those of extant species. Remains of Thylacosmilus have been found primarily in Catamarca, Entre Ríos, and La Pampa Provinces in northern Argentina.
Neanderthal

The **Saber-Tooth Tiger Tribe** is the leading tribe of the Ice Hunters.

* **Sir Fangar** - Sir Fangar is the cold-hearted leader of the Saber-Tooth Tiger Tribe who has a transparent left arm and a transparent right leg, and the main antagonist of Season Three.
* **Stealthor** - Stealthor is the General and suspected Prince of the Saber-Tooth Tiger Tribe. He has dark grey fur and a transparent left arm.
* **Strainor** - Strainor is a member of the Saber-Tooth Tiger Tribe. He has a transparent right leg.
* **Sykor** - Sykor is a feral member of the Saber-Tooth Tiger Tribe chained on a leash that is owned by Strainor. He has transparent ribs.
* **Sibress** - Sibress is a female member of the Saber-Tooth Tiger Tribe with a transparent left arm and right leg.
* **Sirox** - Sirox is the General of the Saber-Tooth Tiger with dark blue fur and a transparent right leg.
* **Saraw** - Saraw is a member of the Saber-Tooth Tiger Tribe.
* **Sabor** - Sabor is a soldier of the Saber-Tooth Tigers

The **Mammoth Tribe** are the strongest warriors of the Ice Hunters, but also the most simple-minded. As such, they developed an unlikely friendship with the Rhino Tribe during one battle.

* **Maula** - Maula is the Queen of the Mammoth Tribe who has a transparent right leg. She is the mother of Mungus and Mottrot.
* **Mungus** - Mungus is the Prince of the Mammoth Tribe with an icy trunk and transparent ribs. Mungus is the younger brother of Mottrot and son of Maula. As the biggest of the Ice Hunters, it took three Chi Orbs to reawaken him from his frozen sleep. Mungus is prone to playing with the Rhinos.
* **Mottrot** - Mottrot is the Son of the Mammoth tribe who is the son of Maula and the older brother of Mungus. He has a transparent left arm and a transparent right leg.
* **Manfred** - They are half-rotted King of the Mammoth Tribe.

The **Vulture Tribe** are the extremely patient master spies of the Ice Hunters.

* **Vardy** - Vardy is the leader of the Vulture Tribe who has a transparent left arm. He is Sir Fangar's second in command and he was the one ordered to revive the feared ice bears. His strategy in battle is to wait.
* **Voom Voom** - Voom Voom is an upbeat member of the Vulture Tribe with a transparent right leg. He is also suspected to be the Prince of the Vultures.
* **Vornon** - Vornon is a depressed Vulture with a transparent left arm and a transparent right leg.
* **Vultrix** - Vultrix is a female member of the Vulture Tribe with a transparent right leg.
* **Vlad Vladikoff** - Vlad Vladikoff is a lord of the Vulture Tribe.

The **Ice Bear Tribe** is the fourth tribe in the Ice Hunters. They are described to be mad and uncontrollable. When they were first awakened, the Ice Bear Tribe found themselves locked in combat with the Bear Tribe as a side effect of their awakening.

* **Icebite** - Icebite is the leader of the ice bear tribe. He has a transparent left arm.
* **Icepaw** - Icepaw is an Ice Bear with a transparent right leg.
* **Icerlot** - Icerlot is an Ice Bear general with a transparent right leg and a transparent left arm.
* **Iceklaw** - Iceklaw is an Ice Bear with a transparent right leg.
Arctotherium

Arctotherium is an extinct genus of Central and South American short-faced bears within Ursidae of the Pleistocene. Their ancestors migrated from North America to South America during the Great American Interchange, following the formation of the Isthmus of Panama during the late Pliocene. The oldest confirmed remains are from the Ensenadan epoch within the early-middle Pleistocene 1.2 Mya with a tooth possibly belong to Arctotherium dating about 2.588 Mya. Their closest known relative is the spectacled bear.
Dinornis

The giant moa is an extinct genus of birds belonging to the moa family. Like all Moas it was a member of the order Dinornithiformes. It was endemic to New Zealand. Two species of Dinornis are considered valid, Dinornis novaezealandiae of the North Island, and Dinornis robustus of the South. In addition, two further species have been suggested based on distinct DNA lineages.
Glyptotherium

Glyptotherium is an extinct genus of glyptodont, a group of extinct mammals related to the armadillos living from Early Pliocene to Late Pleistocene. The genus is considered an example of North American megafauna, of which most have become extinct. Glyptotherium may have been wiped out by climate change or human interference.
Puijila

Puijila darwini is an extinct species of seal which lived during the Miocene epoch about 21 to 24 million years ago. Approximately a metre in length, the animal possessed only minimal physical adaptations for swimming. Unlike modern pinnipeds, it did not have flippers and its overall form was otter-like, albeit more specialized; its skull and teeth are the features that most clearly indicate that it is a seal.
Dimetrodon

***Dimetrodon*** is an extinct genus of synapsid that lived during the Early Permian period, around 295–272 million years ago. It is a member of the family Sphenacodontidae. The most prominent feature of *Dimetrodon* is the large sail on its back formed by elongated spines extending from the vertebrae. It walked on four legs and had a tall, curved skull with large teeth of different sizes set along the jaws. Most fossils have been found in the southwestern United States, the majority coming from a geological deposit called the Red Beds in Texas and Oklahoma. More recently, fossils have been found in Germany. Over a dozen species have been named since the genus was first described in 1878.

*Dimetrodon* is often mistaken for a dinosaur or as a contemporary of dinosaurs in popular culture, but it went extinct some 40 million years before the first appearance of dinosaurs. Reptile-like in appearance and physiology, *Dimetrodon* is nevertheless more closely related to mammals than to reptiles, though it is not a direct ancestor or descendant of mammals.

*Dimetrodon* is assigned to a group traditionally called "mammal-like reptiles"—more recently termed "stem-mammals" or "non-mammalian synapsids". That is, many vertebrate paleontologists today group *Dimetrodon* together with mammals in an evolutionary group, or clade, called Synapsida, while they place dinosaurs with living reptiles and birds in a separate clade, Sauropsida. Temporal openings and other skull features distinguish *Dimetrodon* and mammals from most of the earliest sauropsids.

*Dimetrodon* was probably one of the top predators in Early Permian ecosystems, feeding on fish and tetrapods, including reptiles as well as amphibians. Smaller *Dimetrodon* species may have had different ecological roles. The sail of *Dimetrodon* may have been used to stabilize its spine or to heat and cool its body as a form of thermoregulation. Some recent studies argue that the sail would have been ineffective at removing heat from the body, and was most likely used in sexual display.
Spix's Macaw

Spix's macaw, also known as the little blue macaw, is a macaw native to Brazil. It is a member of Tribe Arini in the subfamily Arinae, part of the family Psittacidae. It was first described by German naturalist Georg Marcgrave, when he was working in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, in 1638 and it is named for German naturalist Johann Baptist von Spix, who collected a specimen in 1819 on the bank of the Rio São Francisco in northeast Bahia in Brazil.
Paradoxides

Paradoxides is a genus of large to very large trilobites found throughout the world during the Mid Cambrian period. One record-breaking specimen of Paradoxides davidis is 37 cm. It has a semicircular head, free cheeks each ending with a long, narrow, recurved spine, and sickle-shaped eyes, providing almost 360° view, but only in the horizontal plane. Its elongated trunk was composed of 19-21 segments and was adorned with longish, recurved lateral spines. Its pygidium was comparatively small. Paradoxides is a characteristic Middle Cambrian trilobite of the 'Atlantic' fauna. Avalonian rocks were deposited near a small continent called Avalonia in the Paleozoic Iapetus Ocean. Avalonian beds are now in a narrow strip along the East Coast of North America, and in Europe.
Mungus

Mungus is the biggest and strongest warrior in the Ice Hunter tribes, easily twice the size of anyone else. He’s so big that it took three CHI orbs to wake him up from his frozen sleep. Mungus can flip over a rhino without even trying hard and defeat a troop of Lions all by himself. He is actually a lovable sort but not very bright, and can’t do much of anything unless his mother, , tells him how to do it. He’s sweet, friendly, and happy all the time – unless Maula, tells him to attack something, in which case he charges forward and crushes it flat.
Megatherium

Megatherium was a genus of elephant-sized ground sloths endemic to South America, sometimes called the giant ground sloth, that lived from the Early Pliocene through the end of the Pleistocene. Among land mammals, its size was exceeded by only a few other species, including mammoths and the much older Paraceratherium.
Yapok

The water opossum, also locally known as the yapok, is a marsupial of the family Didelphidae. It is the only living member of its genus, Chironectes. This semiaquatic creature is found in and near the freshwater streams and lakes in Mexico, Central, South America to Argentina and is the most aquatic living marsupial. It is also the only living marsupial in which both sexes have a pouch. The thylacine, commonly referred to as the Tasmanian tiger, also exhibited this trait, but is now believed to be extinct.
Giant Bee

The recently described giant fossil honey bee, *Apis lilthohermaea* Engel, is introduced and briefly described. The species was recovered from middle Miocene deposits of Iki Island, Japan. *Apis lithohermaea* is the largest fossil honey bee discovered, rivaling in size the modern giant honey bee, A. dorsata Fabricius, and is the first recorded fossil of the dorsata species group. Although the dorsata group does not occur further north than Tibet and southern China and in the Philippines in the Pacific, this lineage occurred near what is today southern Korea and Japan during the Miocene. The geological history of the honey bees is briefly reviewed.
Peltephilus

Peltephilus, the horned armadillo, is an extinct genus of dog-sized, armadillo xenarthran mammals which first inhabited Argentina during the Oligocene epoch, and became extinct in the Miocene epoch. Notably, the scutes on its head were so developed that they formed horns protecting its eyes. Aside from the horned gophers of North America, it is the only known fossorial horned mammal.
Proterogyrinus

Proterogyrinus was an extinct genus of early tetrapods from the order Embolomeri. Fossils have been found in Scotland, UK, and West Virginia, United States and date back to the Serpukhovian from about 331-323 million years ago. The genus was originally named by renowned vertebrate paleontologist Alfred Sherwood Romer in 1970. A comprehensive redescription was later published by Canadian paleontologist Robert Holmes in 1984. The generic name "Proterogyrinus" is Greek for "earlier wanderer" or "earlier tadpole". This name was chosen by Romer in keeping with a trend of naming long-bodied early tetrapods with the suffix "-gyrinus".
Formicium

Formicium is a giant ant from the Early Eocene Epoch and are bigger than modern ants by far. They were the largest ants of all time, with workers and wingless soldiers around 5 cm long and the Queen and her winged soldiers up to 8 cm in wingspan.

They were carnivorous and would have behaved as modern army ants, maintaining a large territory with massive numbers going on regular foraging raids into the undergrowth and even perhaps attacking prey up the trees.

As with modern ant species, though many could be eaten in turn by large spiders and other such predators, eventually, sheer weight of numbers would destroy anything in their path. Even larger animals like lizards, mammals and birds could have been at some serious risk. Hundreds of thousands, if not millions of individuals over 2-3 inches long, were a terrifying prospect. Even Gastornis, the 1.75-2 metre tall, half tonne bird of terror, would have probably avoided or fled from a large army of Formicium on the hunt.

There was very little defence any single animal could put up against the vast swarms of biting giant ants. Various specimens are known from Messel and Geistel in Germany. They lived around 49 Million Years Ago as such; though no fossil evidence has yet been found to extend their time range any further than this, it is likely they or at least ants like them lived throughout the Palaeocene and Early Eocene Epochs.

They were seen in Ice Age. where a huge army has devoured a young Gastornis and the mother returned and saw that her chick has been eaten by the army of the ants. Formicium were killed by the carbon dioxide possibly, though this is not shown. When the Leptictidium found the dead Ambulocetus, a Formicium scout was crawling over the corpse already. Formicium also appeared in Animal Planet: The Most Extreme in Awesome Ancestors where they were bigger than modern ants.
Vulpes skinneri

Vulpes skinneri is a species of extinct fox in the genus Vulpes of the early Pleistocene, identified based on fossil remains dated to about 2 million years ago. The species is known from a single partial skeleton discovered in the Malapa Fossil Site at the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site in South Africa and is associated with the fossil hominin remains of Australopithecus sediba. The fossils have been dated to between 1.977 and 1.980 million years ago. Hartstone-Rose and colleagues described the remains as a newly discovered species of Fox called Vulpes skinneri of the early Pleistocene, identified based on fossil remains dated to about 2 million years ago.
Mexican leprechaun

Mexican Leprechauns are a branch of the species leprechaunis that evolved in Mexico. Everyone has a Mexican Leprechaun inside of them except for Mexican People, these Mexican Leprechauns cause many magic abilities to surface in people such as a misconception of a thing called the force. If your Mexican Leprechaun breaks out of you will explode and die. A spaceship carrying Mexican Leprechauns crashed in Himalayas. It was highly advanced experimental spacecraft that Mexican Leprechauns had been working on for 18 years. Radiation from their Warp Core caused them to mutate into Yetis.
Eurypterus

Eurypterus is an extinct genus of eurypterid, a group of organisms commonly called "sea scorpions". The genus lived during the Silurian period, from around 432 to 418 million years ago. Eurypterus is by far the most well-studied and well-known eurypterid and its fossil specimens probably represent more than 90% of all known eurypterid specimens.
Nessie

In Scottish folklore, the Loch Ness Monster or Nessie is a creature said to inhabit Loch Ness in the Scottish Highlands. It is often described as large in size with a long neck and one or more humps protruding from the water. Popular interest and belief in the creature has varied since it was brought to worldwide attention in 1933. Evidence of its existence is anecdotal, with a few disputed photographs and sonar readings.
Diabetes

Diabetes is a sometimes sought after disease and sometimes unwanted. You can contract diabetes in multiple ways. Diabetes is mainly contracted by coming in contact with a fat person three times. Diabetes was creating during the 2nd world war by the Gestapo to infect Jewish People. The only known natural cure for Diabetes is penguin blood. Diabetes can be contracted in the following ways:

* Writing Summaries
* Eating Broccoli or Brussels Sprouts
* Laughing
* Eating an extremely large amount of sugar or sugar content items
* Developing from Pangitas
* Tatoos
VoomVoom

There is one thing VoomVoom knows for sure: everything will always turn out all right, somehow. Even if he’s facing a horde of enemies, VoomVoom always manages to look on the bright side. (After all, with that many targets, how can he miss?) He’s a skilled pilot who always expects that every battle will end in a victory. VoomVoom spends a lot of his time around , who is his exact opposite. VoomVoom’s non-stop optimism drives Vornon a little crazy, since Vornon always figures the worst is about to happen. In a way, they are a perfect team, balancing each other out in battle.

Voom Voom is a white Vulture with greyish marks. Being a zombie, much of his skin and feathers have rotted away, leaving frozen purple flesh exposed underneath. His eyes are glowing blue and his beak is long, grey and frozen over. Voom Voom's wings are pitch black and his claws and hands are a deep shade of grey.

Voom Voom, despite the freezing cold, wears hardly any clothes, and they are a light green hue. He dons a sash across his bare muscular chest with a bone patching in the lower left corner. He owns a deep colored belt with a loincloth of feathers hanging from the front and sides. Two primitive kneepads protect his bare legs.
Aepyornis

Aepyornis is a genus of aepyornithid, one of three genera of ratite birds endemic to Madagascar until their extinction about 1000 A.D. The species A. maximus weighed up to 540 kilograms, and until recently was regarded as the largest known bird of all time. However, in 2018 the largest aepyornithid specimens, weighing up to 730 kilograms, were moved to the related genus Vorombe.
American Lion

The American lion – also known as the North American cave lion – is an extinct pantherine cat related to the lion that lived in North America during the Pleistocene epoch. Genetic analysis has revealed that it was the sister lineage to the Eurasian cave lion. It was part of the Pleistocene megafauna, a wide variety of large mammals that lived at the time. The majority of American lion fossils have come from the La Brea Tar Pits.
Glyptodon

Glyptodon was a genus of large, heavily armored mammals of the subfamily Glyptodontinae – relatives of armadillos – that lived during the Pleistocene epoch. It was roughly the same size and weight as a Volkswagen Beetle, though flatter in shape. With its rounded, bony shell and squat limbs, it superficially resembled a turtle, and the much earlier dinosaurian ankylosaur – providing an example of the convergent evolution of unrelated lineages into similar forms. In 2016 an analysis of Doedicurus mtDNA found it was, in fact, nested within the modern armadillos as the sister group of a clade consisting of Chlamyphorinae and Tolypeutinae. For this reason, glyptodonts and all armadillos but Dasypus were relocated to a new family, Chlamyphoridae.
Mottrot

Mottrot is one of the smartest warriors in all of the Ice Hunter tribes, a master planner who has devised incredibly effective battle strategies. Unfortunately, he doesn’t get much credit for his brains. He is short, and among Mammoths that means you aren’t respected. And his mother, Maula, dotes on his huge, dumb brother Mungus. She gives Mungus the credit for all of Mottrot’s great ideas. Mottrot doesn’t object, because he doesn’t want to get his Mom angry at him. Mottrot can’t even get a little comfort when he gets hurt in battle. Maula will usually just blame him for being clumsy.
Passenger Pigeon

The passenger pigeon or wild pigeon is an extinct species of pigeon that was endemic to North America. Its common name is derived from the French word passager, meaning "passing by", due to the migratory habits of the species. The scientific name also refers to its migratory characteristics. The morphologically similar mourning dove was long thought to be its closest relative, and the two were at times confused, but genetic analysis has shown that the genus Patagioenas is more closely related to it than the Zenaida doves.
Scutosaurus

**Scutosaurus** was a genus of armoured pareiasaur from the period, loosely related to the turtles and tortoises.

Scutosaurus were massively built pareiasaurs which were several metres in length, and possessed very large osteoderms on their backs, for which they were named. They were also herbivorous and normally passive animals.

Scutosaurus (name meaning "*Shield Reptile*") was a large, heavily-built anapsid reptile and genus of armour-covered pareiasaur, with protective bony armour and spikes decorating its skull. It lived from 254 to 252 million years ago, during the Permian period, in Russia, in a semi-arid environment. Scutosaurus was relatively small (at a maximum length of three metres) but heavily-built, and it was armoured against predators by scutes under its skin and aided by powerful bones and muscles, but was unable to move fast for long lengths of time due to its short legs and heavy build. Scutosaurus likely lived alone or in small herds due to harsh conditions, and would have probably wandered but stuck close to water sources in its semi-desert Permian environment. Scutosaurus was one of the major prey animals of Gorgonopsids.
Teratornis

Teratornis was a huge North American bird of prey – the best-known of the teratorns. A large number of fossil and subfossil bones, representing more than 100 individuals, have been found in locations in California, Oregon, southern Nevada, Arizona, and Florida, though most are from the Californian La Brea Tar Pits. All remains except one Early Pleistocene partial skeleton from the Leisey Shell Pit near Charlotte Harbor, Florida date from the Late Pleistocene, with the youngest remains dating from the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary.
Icerlot

Icerlot is a general in the Ice Bear army. He is extremely loyal to his tribe and refuses to believe Ice Bears could ever lose a battle. His faith in the strength of his warriors inspires them to fight harder and longer. Icerlot feels that the time spent giving orders can slow down an army in battle, so he gives all his commands in a shorthand code. The general is ready for any challenge that Laval and the heroes may throw at him and will fight to the very end.
Indian Rhinoceros

The Indian rhinoceros, also called the greater one-horned rhinoceros and great Indian rhinoceros, is a rhinoceros native to the Indian subcontinent. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, as populations are fragmented and restricted to less than 20,000 km². Moreover, the extent and quality of the rhino's most important habitat, alluvial grassland and riverine forest, is considered to be in decline due to human and livestock encroachment. As of 2008, a total of 2,575 mature individuals were estimated to live in the wild.
When The Lights Go Out

When The Lights Go Out is a game developed for Personal 500 computers by Titanium Ninja Team #4. It was released in 1995 for a price of $2.99. It was a Doom-clone survival horror game, using a custom engine. It was praised for its excellent lighting physics and fluid 3D animations, but criticized for the short amount of gameplay. The game was made in a 2 month period, which explains the 1 hour maximum play time. The engine, known as the Titanium Lights engine, would later be used by many other first person shooters made by Titanium Ninja.
Macrauchenia

Macrauchenia was a long-necked and long-limbed, three-toed South American ungulate, typifying the order Litopterna. The oldest fossils date to around seven million years ago, and M. patachonica disappears from the fossil record during the late Pleistocene, around 20,000-10,000 years ago. M. patachonica was the best known member of the family Macraucheniidae, and is known only from fossil finds in South America, primarily from the Luján Formation in Argentina. The type specimen was discovered by Charles Darwin during the voyage of the Beagle. In life, Macrauchenia resembled a humpless camel with a short trunk, though it is not closely related to either camels or proboscideans.
Colossus Penguin

***Palaeeudyptes klekowskii***, also known as the **colossus penguin**, was a species of the extinct penguin genus *Palaeeudyptes*. It was until recently thought to have been approximately the size of its congener *Palaeeudyptes antarcticus*, which would mean it was somewhat larger than the modern emperor penguin, but a new study shows it was in fact almost twice as tall.[1] It is known from an extensive collection of fossil bones from the Late Eocene (34-37 MYA) of the La Meseta Formation on Seymour Island, Antarctica. *P. klekowskii* was at first not recognized as a distinct species, and despite the coexistence of two so closely related species of similar size as *Palaeeudyptes gunnari* and *P. klekowskii* seeming somewhat improbable, the amount of fossil material suggests that the two species are indeed diagnosably different.
Dung Beetle

**Dung beetles** are small insects that lived into the modern age.

As insects, dung beetles are tiny creatures that roll orbs made of animal dung so as to feed it to their young. Blue-shelled with six limbs, dung beetles sport small horns that vary in size: males have longer and thicker horns than females.
Columbian Mammoth

The Columbian mammoth is an extinct species of mammoth that inhabited North America as far north as the northern United States and as far south as Costa Rica during the Pleistocene epoch. It was one of the last in a line of mammoth species, beginning with Mammuthus subplanifrons in the early Pliocene. The Columbian mammoth evolved from the steppe mammoth, which entered North America from Asia about 1.5 million years ago. The pygmy mammoths of the Channel Islands of California evolved from Columbian mammoths. The closest extant relative of the Columbian and other mammoths is the Asian elephant.
Swamp Ogre

Swamp Ogres are a type of ogre that live and prosper in swamps and swamp-like regions. Swamp Ogres have green skin and really weird ears, Swamp Ogres are also incredibly obese weighing up to 2300 lbs. Swamp Ogres are very territorial and well defend their swamp. A very well known Swamp Ogre is named Shrek who starred in a Disney Pixar movie called Shrek. A Swamp Ogre diet probably consists of algae causing the green skin coloration similar to flamingos, and probably the meat of common wood and swampland creatures.
Thylacoleo

Thylacoleo is an extinct genus of carnivorous marsupials that lived in Australia from the late Pliocene to the late Pleistocene. Some of these "marsupial lions" were the largest mammalian predators in Australia of that time, with Thylacoleo carnifex approaching the weight of a small lion. The estimated average weight for the species ranges from 101 to 130 kg.
Dodo

The dodo is an extinct flightless bird that was endemic to the island of Mauritius, east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean. The dodo's closest genetic relative was the also extinct Rodrigues solitaire, the two forming the subfamily Raphinae of the family of pigeons and doves. The closest living relative of the dodo is the Nicobar pigeon. A white dodo was once thought to have existed on the nearby island of Réunion, but this is now thought to have been confusion based on the Réunion ibis and paintings of white dodos.
Buzzy Beetle (SMB/SMBTLL)

Buzzy Beetles first appear in World 4-2, an underground level of Super Mario Bros.. Like a Koopa Troopa, they will hide in their shell when jumped on, and can be kicked around the level. However, Mario and Luigi cannot defeat them with fireballs. After the player completes the game and restarts, all Goombas will be replaced with Buzzy Beetles.

In World 3-4, a Buzzy Beetle is one of the seven Bowser Impostors. Unlike all other Buzzy Beetles, this one is affected by fireballs; like all the other False Bowsers, five fireballs will destroy him.

In Super Mario Bros. The Lost Levels, Buzzy Beetles return just as they did in the previous game. They are also found underwater occasionally in World 9, along with all the other enemies. When underwater, Buzzy Beetles are completely invulnerable, since no enemies can be jumped on while underwater.
Pterygotus

Pterygotus is a genus of giant predatory eurypterid, an extinct group of aquatic arthropods. Fossils of Pterygotus have been discovered in deposits ranging in age from Late Silurian to Early Devonian, and have been referred to several different species. Fossils have been recovered from four continents; Australia, Europe, North America and South America, which indicates that Pterygotus might have had a nearly cosmopolitan distribution. The type species, P. anglicus, was described by Swiss naturalist Louis Agassiz in 1839. Agassiz mistakenly believed the remains were of a giant fish, with the name Pterygotus translating to "winged fish". He would only realize the mistake five years later in 1844.
Bluebuck

The **bluebuck** (Afrikaans: **bloubok** /ˈblaʊbɒk/) or **blue antelope** (*Hippotragus leucophaeus*) is an extinct species of antelope that lived in South Africa until around 1800. It is congeneric with the roan antelope and sable antelope (belonging in the genus *Hippotragus*), but was smaller than either. It was sometimes considered a subspecies of the roan antelope, but a genetic study has confirmed it as a distinct species.

The largest mounted bluebuck specimen is 119 centimetres (47 in) tall at the withers. Its horns measure 56.5 centimetres (22.2 in) along the curve. The coat was a uniform bluish-grey, with a pale whitish belly. The forehead was brown, darker than the face. Its mane was not as developed as in the roan and sable antelopes; its ears were shorter and blunter, not tipped with black; and it had a darker tail tuft and smaller teeth. It also lacked the contrasting black and white patterns seen on the heads of its relatives. The bluebuck was a grazer, and may have calved where rainfall, and thus the availability of grasses, would peak. The bluebuck was confined to the southwestern Cape when encountered by Europeans, but fossil evidence and rock paintings show that it originally had a larger distribution.

Europeans encountered the bluebuck in the 17th century, but it was already uncommon by then, perhaps due to its preferred grassland habitat having been reduced to a 4,300-square-kilometre (1,700 sq mi) range, mainly along the southern coast of South Africa. Sea level changes during the early Holocene may also have contributed to its decline by disrupting the population. The first published mention of the bluebuck is from 1681, and few descriptions of the animal were written while it existed. The few 18th-century illustrations appear to have been based on stuffed specimens. Hunted by European settlers, the bluebuck became extinct around 1800; it was the first large African mammal to face extinction in historical times, followed by the quagga in 1883. Only four mounted specimens remain, in museums in Leiden, Stockholm, Vienna, and Paris, along with skulls and horns in various museums.