Black Hole Feats in Fiction

1. Introduction

When it comes to the topic of black holes
 there are a lot of common misconceptions about their nature and through
 that also misconceptions about the evaluation of feats involving them.
Generally black holes are often depicted wrong in works of fiction.

While a completely correct depiction can not be expected, some
basic laws have to be followed. If that is not the case, we can not be
certain about the black hole being an actual black hole and not just a
fake black hole, which can not be assumed to have the properties black
holes usually have.

2. About Inescapability and destructiveness

The features that make a black hole outstanding for vs-battles are
its destructiveness and its inescapability. Hence those features are the
 most important to know about to deal with most feats involving black
holes.

Let us first take a look at inescapability. Now one thing
interesting about gravity in the general theory of relativity is that
gravity isn´t a force, but just a geometrical feature of spacetime.

A good way to explain that is the light cone model.
 As in the article already shown nothing can escape a black hole once
past the event horizon, because it will just travel further into the
black hole no matter in which direction it goes. That is, as long as it
is confined in the light cone, which only is the case for things below
the speed of light. So Faster than light characters would still be
capable to escape a black hole past the event horizon even through even
for them it gets more and more difficult, and at the center of the black
 hole, in the singularity, it would require infinite speed to do so.

The destructiveness of a black hole works over the same mechanism
 as for the gravitational fields of other celestial bodies: Through
Tidal force, maybe better known as spaghettification in context with
black holes. Tidal forces destroy things through the different strength
of force on different points of the body.

Basically points closer to the black hole get accelerated
stronger than points further away and through that the whole thing gets
stretched. One can easily imagine it by taking one end of a rubber band
in each hand and then move the right hand swiftly to the right and the
left hand slowly to the right. The distance between the hands will
become larger and the rubber band will stretch. One will notice that the
 rubber band will begin pulling the hands together, which means that it
will try to even out their speed.

In the same way the forces holding our body together usually do
so in a manner so that it is evenly accelerated through gravitation. But
 in a black hole things become extreme. Destruction would occur in three
 steps. First the body will just be ripped apart through tidal forces,
because the force becames too strong to be counteracted through the
forces holding the body together. Further in the tidal forces will
become stronger than the four fundamental forces, which means that atoms
 will be disintegrated to the point that only elementary particles
remain, without a special structure. In vs-battles terms that means they
 get disintegrated on quantum level.

For our vs-physics a 3rd step gets important and that is at the
center of the black hole. Gravity towards the center of the black hole
gets exponentially stronger. At the very center it would, in theory, be
infinite. That means also the tidal forces become infinite, so even
things which at quantum level are a lot more durable than our physical
matter would certainly be destroyed when approaching the center of the
black hole.

With this knowledge most feats should be able to be appraisable.
In the following we will go through a few examples, which typically show
 that a black hole may not have the usual properties necessary to use it
 as a feat.

3. Regular 3-dimensional characters withstanding a singularity

Now out of the reasons stated above a regular 3-dimensional character
 would get destroyed when approaching the singularity (the center of the
 black hole). The tidal forces would become infinite and he or she would
 be destroyed no matter how high his or her durability is. Since saying
that a characters durability is infinite is an outlier in any case
surviving a singularity can not be taken as a durability feat. It can
only be understood as a feat for resistance against black holes.

4. Destroying black holes through physical force

A black hole can not be destroyed by the use of physical force. That
has multiple reasons. For one thing the center of a black hole is a
point. If one were to focus energy on a single point that would mean
that the energy becomes infinitely dense, which means that it in itself
would become a black hole. Simpler said, energy itself produces gravity
and by putting it into a black hole the black hole will just grow
instead of being destroyed.

The second reason is that in order to destroy a black hole one
would have to somehow remove mass/energy out of it. But that is in
common physics impossible, since even with infinite energy one could not
 accelerate matter above the speed of light. While that can be ignored
in case of characters going FTL, when it comes to destroying something
it has to be considered, since destruction in almost all cases is done
through energy.

Because of both of these reasons, a black hole can not be
destroyed through normal methods. Destroying it through brute force
would conflict with the very basics of its nature and as such it should
be doubted if it really is a black hole, with common black hole
properties.

A clarification to be made is that, while black holes can not be
destroyed through brute force, they can possibly be destroyed by other
means. Quantum science has the Black hole information paradox,
 which theories give various possibilities to how a black hole could
destroy itself over time. These theories don´t break the ideas of
inescapability and indestructibility of the black hole, but instead
circumvent them.

For example Hawking radiation does not actually remove
energy/matter from the black hole. Instead it produces energy at the
border of the event horizon and, to uphold conservation of energy,
shoots particles with negative energy into the black hole, so that the
energy within it lessens.

Other theories use other processes that can only happen with a
uncontrollable probability in order to remove energy from the black
hole. While this type of destruction is possible, as long as it is not
stated that it was used it should not be assumed that it was and
destroying a black hole through such methods would not produce an attack
 potency feat, since one did not actually destroy it through energy, but
 just circumvented its durability.

5. Physically moving black holes around

A black hole can be moved, since it does not break the law of
conservation of momentum. So the momentum of everything thrown into a
black hole will add to the total momentum of the black hole itself.

But a problem occurs if someone would try to hold a black hole in
 his hand, to kick it into an other direction or do something similar.

The Event horizon of a black hole is an intangible phenomenon, so
 a black hole can not be grabbed by it. One could possibly grab and
throw a black hole through the singularity in its center, but because it
 destroys everything approaching it (as explained in 2) it is
practically impossible.

So while moving a black hole by shooting something into it is
possible moving it through physical contact is impossible, because it
would require an unreachable durability in order to remain whole when
doing it.

6. Black holes appearing and disappearing

Even gravity is bound to the laws of nature and by that to the
universal speed limit of the speed of light. Gravity extends itself with
 the speed of light. Should a black hole extent or disappear faster than
 the speed of light it can be concluded to not be a proper black hole,
given that it does not follow basic laws of physics.

7. Attack Potency from creating black holes

Black holes have many special and amazing properties, but aside from
the parts that can not be quantified in a number, which Attack Potency
would one get for creating a black hole?

In general creating a black hole is about equal to creating any
other celestial bodies. Usually creating a planet is seen as planet
level and creating a star is seen as star level etc.

So how do black holes rank? The answer lies in their mass.
Usually stellar black holes have masses ranging from about 5 to several
tens of solar masses and can easily be assumed to be at least star
level, if not large star level. But some characters also have the
ability to create very small black holes and some black holes in fiction
 may even be extremely large. So how do we rank them?

The good thing is that there is an easy formula that lets us
approximate the mass of black holes based on the radius of the event
*r*s is the Schwarzschild radius (radius of the event horizon);
G is the gravitational constant;
M is the mass of the object;
c is the speed of light in vacuum.
(To shamelessly copy from Wikipedia)

So if we know the size we can just set in all values and can
easily solve to M. By comparing their mass to the mass of the earth or
our sun one can easily assume the Attack Potency levels one would get.

A more comfortable way may be calculators for the mass and size of a black hole such as this one or this one.

8. Surviving a block hole collapsing through Hawking radiation

A black hole can, as mentioned under point 4 be destroyed through
natural means, by Hawking radiation. Since such an event converts the
black hole in energy radiated outwards one could assume that a character
 that survives inside a black hole during its collapse would get its
mass-energy as durability. Now there are several problem with such an
assumption:

First the question whether or not we actually deal with such an
black hole collapse. In nature Hawking radiation would require 8\*1050 years to disintegrate a 1 centimeter big black hole, 8\*1056 years for a 1 meter big black hole and 1069
 years for the smallest black hole actually found in our universe. That
is way to long and of course would also hardly be a durability feat,
given that we would just have a energy of less than 1 joule per year.

In fiction a black hole of course might not need that long, but
given that it would take that long in nature it should not be assumed to
 necessarily be a black hole collapse, if it wasn't mentioned to have
the black hole destroyed by Hawking radiation, which was being massively
 sped up somehow. If it wasn't made clear to work through such a
mechanism the black hole should not be assumed to be destroyed by such
means and it should not be considered a durability feat at all.

A second thing comes up if we actually have the case of a black
hole collapse in fiction, that is made clear to be an actual collapse
using Hawking radiation. In such a case the energy would only be a
durability feat for characters standing close to, but outside, the event
 horizon. For beings inside the event horizon it still isn't a
durability feat. Reason for that is that Hawking radiation works in such
 a way that the energy radiating outwards is actually just produced
outside the event horizon. Things inside the event horizon aren't hit by
 the energy. Instead they are hit by the particles that fall into a
black hole, which according to the theory of hawking radiation carry
negative energy. So surviving a collapse while inside the black hole
serves as a resistance feat for negative energy, but can not be viewed
as a feat for common durability.