Robert Venturi

**Robert Charles Venturi Jr.** (June 25, 1925 – September 18, 2018) was an American architect, founding principal of the firm Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates, and one of the major architectural figures of the twentieth century.

Together with his wife and partner, Denise Scott Brown, he helped shape the way that architects, planners and students experience and think about architecture and the American-built environment. Their buildings, planning, theoretical writings, and teaching have also contributed to the expansion of discourse about architecture.

Venturi was awarded the Pritzker Prize in Architecture in 1991; the prize was awarded to him alone, despite a request to include his equal partner, Brown. Subsequently, a group of women architects attempted to get her name added retroactively to the prize, but the Pritzker Prize jury declined to do so. Venturi is also known for having coined the maxim "Less is a bore", a postmodern antidote to Mies van der Rohe's famous modernist dictum "Less is more". Venturi lived in Philadelphia with Denise Scott Brown. He was the father of James Venturi, founder and principal of ReThink Studio.

## Early life and education

Venturi was born in Philadelphia to Robert Venturi Sr. and Vanna (née Luizi) Venturi and was raised as a Quaker. Venturi attended school at the Episcopal Academy in Merion, Pennsylvania. He graduated *summa cum laude* from Princeton University in 1947 where he was a member-elect of Phi Beta Kappa and won the D'Amato Prize in Architecture. He received his M.F.A. from Princeton in 1950. The educational program at Princeton under Professor Jean Labatut, who offered provocative design studios within a Beaux-Arts pedagogical framework, was a key factor in Venturi's development of an approach to architectural theory and design that drew from architectural history and commercial architecture in analytical, as opposed to stylistic, terms. In 1951 he briefly worked under Eero Saarinen in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, and later for Louis Kahn in Philadelphia. He was awarded the Rome Prize Fellowship at the American Academy in Rome in 1954, where he studied and toured Europe for two years.

From 1959 to 1967, Venturi held teaching positions at the University of Pennsylvania, where he served as Kahn's teaching assistant, an instructor, and later, as associate professor. It was there, in 1960, that he met fellow faculty member, architect and planner Denise Scott Brown. Venturi taught later at the Yale School of Architecture and was a visiting lecturer with Scott Brown in 2003 at Harvard University's Graduate School of Design.

## Architecture

The architecture of Robert Venturi, although perhaps not as familiar today as his books, helped redirect American architecture away from a widely practiced, often banal, modernism in the 1960s to a more exploratory design approach that openly drew lessons from architectural history and responded to the everyday context of the American city. Venturi's buildings typically juxtapose architectural systems, elements and aims, to acknowledge the conflicts often inherent in a project or site. This "inclusive" approach contrasted with the typical modernist effort to resolve and unify all factors in a complete and rigidly structured—and possibly less functional and more simplistic—work of art. The diverse range of buildings of Venturi's early career offered surprising alternatives to then current architectural practice, with "impure" forms (such as the North Penn Visiting Nurses Headquarters), apparently casual asymmetries (as at the Vanna Venturi House), and pop-style supergraphics and geometries (for instance, the Lieb House).

Venturi created the firm Venturi and Short with William Short in 1960. After John Rauch replaced Short as partner in 1964, the firm's name changed to Venturi and Rauch. Venturi married Denise Scott Brown on July 23, 1967, in Santa Monica, California, and in 1969, Scott Brown joined the firm as partner in charge of planning. In 1980, The firm's name became Venturi, Rauch, and Scott Brown, and after Rauch's resignation in 1989, Venturi, Scott Brown, and Associates. The firm, based in Manayunk, Philadelphia, was awarded the Architecture Firm Award by the American Institute of Architects in 1985. The practice's recent work includes many commissions from academic institutions, including campus planning and university buildings, and civic buildings in London, Toulouse, and Japan.

Venturi's architecture has had worldwide influence, beginning in the late 1960s with the dissemination of the broken-gable roof of the Vanna Venturi House and the segmentally arched window and interrupted string courses of Guild House. The playful variations on vernacular house types seen in the Trubeck and Wislocki Houses offered a new way to embrace, but transform, familiar forms. The facade patterning of the Oberlin Art Museum and the laboratory buildings demonstrated a treatment of the vertical surfaces of buildings that is both decorative and abstract, drawing from vernacular and historic architecture while still being modern. Venturi's work arguably provided a key influence at important times in the careers of architects Robert A. M. Stern, Rem Koolhaas, Philip Johnson, Michael Graves, Graham Gund and James Stirling, among others.

Venturi was a Fellow of the American Academy in Rome, the American Institute of Architects, The American Academy of Arts and Letters and an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects.

## Death

Venturi died on September 18, 2018, in Philadelphia from complications of Alzheimer's disease. He was 93.

In the wake of Venturi's death, Michael Kimmelman, the current architecture critic for the *New York Times*, tweeted..."RIP the great, inspiring Robert Venturi who opened millions of eyes and whole new ways of thinking about the richness of our architectural environment, and whose diverse work with Denise Scott Brown contains a mix of wit and humanity that continues to transcend labels and time".

## Notable students

Venturi's notable students include Amy Weinstein and Peter Corrigan.

## Selected houses

* Vanna Venturi House; Philadelphia (1964) won the AIA Twenty-five Year Award and was recognized as a "Masterwork of Modern American Architecture" by the United States Postal Service in May 2005.
* Guild House; Philadelphia (1964)
* The Lieb House located in Barnegat Light, New Jersey was designed by Venturi and his wife Denise Scott Brown and built in 1967. It is best known for the huge number 9 on its front, and the sailboat-shaped window on one side. A Long Island, New York couple purchased this home in early March 2009 for just $1 to save it from demolition, paying at least $100,000 to move it on a barge to Glen Cove, Long Island.
* Trubek and Wislocki Houses; Nantucket, Massachusetts (1971)
* Brant House; Greenwich, Connecticut (1972)
* The Park Regency Terrace Residences, later renamed to Park Regency Condominium Houston Texas (1981)
* Coxe-Hayden House and Studio; Block Island, Rhode Island (1981)
* House in New Castle, Delaware (1983)
* House in East Hampton, Long Island, New York (1990)

## References

1. ↑ Pogrebin, Robin. "No Pritzker Prize for Denise Scott Brown", *The New York Times*, 14 June 2013.
2. ↑ Catriona Davies. "Denise Scott Brown: Architecture favors 'lone male genius' over women", 29 May 2013.
3. ↑ Goldberger, Paul. "ARCHITECTURE VIEW; Robert Venturi, Gentle Subverter of Modernism", The New York Times, 14 April 1991.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 The Nassau Herald 1947, Princeton University yearbook
5. ↑ Robert Venturi 1991 Laureate Archived 2010-12-21 at the Wayback Machine. Pritzker Architecture Prize
6. ↑ Interview: Robert Venturi & Denise Scott Brown. Archdaily.com (April 25, 2011).
7. ↑ Robert Venturi passes away - Archpaper.com (en-US).
8. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/19/obituaries/robert-venturi-dead.html
9. ↑ https://twitter.com/kimmelman/status/1042496869564395521
10. ↑ "Building Blocks Architect Amy Weinstein Is Redesigning Capitol Hill One Block at a Time", Washington City Paper, 25 October 1996. Retrieved on 13 September 2017.
11. ↑ "Vale Peter Corrigan", *Australian Design Review*. (in en)
12. ↑ La Gorge, Tammy. "To Save a Venturi House, It Is Moved", *New York Times*, 2009-03-13. Retrieved on 2009-03-15.

## External links

* *Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates, Inc.* firm web site
* Online profile of Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates, Inc.
* Stories of Houses: The Vanna Venturi House in Philadelphia, by Robert Venturi
* Design Strategies of Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown
* Robert Venturi interview