recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Hippocampus denise

Denise's pygmy seahorse or yellow pygmy seahorse (of which I don't know if other pygmy seahorses are yellow, but I do know that most seahorses are yellow) is one of the smallest seahorses. Identification as a new species credited to Lourie & Randall in 2003. It seems that they may be particularly good at camouflaging themselves around their native seafans.Even I could see it from the pictures before I read the article. They only come in colors of beige, yellow, and orange with some darker specks or white marks, depending on what their home seafan looks like and perhaps other factors like mood. Unlike other seahorse species, their pictures on websites seem to be relatively consistant- the main differences that I can see between individuals is smooth versus bumpy, acne-like bodies. Thus this is either sex or age-related, or a matter of being confused only with a close relative rather than farther ones of various species. They don't get bigger than 2.5 cm, usually being smaller than that. They are named after underwater photographer Denise Tackett, who was scuba diving with the woman who first described the pygmy seahorses, who is named Sara Lourie. They did this in 1999 in the Lembeh Strait.

From what I can see based off of observations, those off of Romblon island have a smoother connection to the snout then those off of the north of Cebu island. Their bumps are also larger and rounder considerably. On the west and east of Cebu island, they are large again. There aren't enough observations on south Bohol to be sure, but they appear to have some space on their side-neck and less bumps overall. By the time we get to the Sulu sea, most of them don't have many bumps and some even have thin ones, though some of those pictured are fries. This trend fades at north Indonesia and Brunei. But some of those depicted are smoother or smooth, and less fry-like. It seems like it's only in northwest Australia and the Greater Sunda Island where they actually get to be yellow instead of beige or orange. Anyways, someone with a better eye might be able to discern those images better than I.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/102818-Hippocampus-denise
2. ↑ https://projectseahorse.org/denises-pygmy-seahorse-a-champion-hide-and-seeker/
3. ↑ https://projectseahorse.org/iseahorse/explore/species/
4. ↑ https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Hippocampus-denise.html
5. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denise%27s\_pygmy\_seahorse&oldid=1177673452
6. ↑ https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?taxon\_id=102818
Haliichthys taeniophorus

The Ribboned Pipefish is a small creature from the waters of northern Australia. I came across it while researching seahorses. First, I came across this. Then I looked it up here. That's clearly not a pipefish, nor a snake in any way. That's a video game boss. Judging from the art of that area through other searches, it seems that they can detail animals so well that this is clearly what the artist intended to draw. Then even worse, there's this page. This is absolutely insane. Those "scientists" and field specialists are absolutely looney. Perhaps there is actual art based on the ribbon pipefish. At least the one on the left might be forgiven, even though its snout is more dolphinine. Any specialist who thinks that this is anything other than sheer creativity, several unknown prehistoric creatures, or straight up time travel is crazy. I don't know all representations of the rainbow snake, but this is clearly a modern viewpoint forcing different creative creatures into one representation. Even the various dragons that we have, with all of their different body parts, have more similarities between each other and to real animals than any of these things. This is why it's so important to double check your references. I don't actually know if there is any cave art of the ribbon pipefish. I did find this, which looks like cave art, but might be an artist copying the style (or otherwise redrawing actual cave art). I do not know why specialists in Australian Aboriginal cave paintings are denying the obvious the way outer-space experts deny aliens, but this is ridiculous. I can't believe this. What is this?
Groundhog's Day

Groundhog's Day is a major, but barely celebrated, holiday in the United States. Despite having little to no celebration, most people know about it. It is taught in school, and it appears on most calendars (forcing the tradition to remain alive, if you ask me). The holiday comes from an old saying where if a groundhog sees its shadow while coming out of its burrow from hibernation, winter is supposed to be for another 6 weeks. If it doesn't, then spring is upcoming. In some ways it can be confusing, as a shadow would indicate that the sun is out, thus melting the snow. Some places keep their own groundhogs for the purposes of a small morning festival. Others borrow one from a nearby zoo. Not like individual houses or buildings, but mainly governmental entities (I think) or unique groups intent on keeping the tradition alive and repeating it each year.

In Boulder, Colorado, a group of wildlife rangers keep a stuffed yellow-bellied marmot named Flatiron Freddy and try to make it more lively by putting it in a stump and turning it into a bit of a mystery in trying to find him when he no-shows, treating the stuffed animal as if it was alive. It is more for the enjoyment of children and is a cute/funny festivity for adults. This year he predicted 6 more weeks of winter.  One reason they use a yellow-bellied marmot instead of a groundhog is because groundhogs aren't found in the west, so they use a local close relative instead.  Groundhogs are *Marmota monax* and yellow-bellied marmots are *Marmota flaviventris*.

Punxsutawney Phil may be the most famous groundhog, but he was not well known until recently. The festival was somewhat more important to the residents, perhaps because the tradition is said to originate from the Pennsylvanian Dutch, which is local for them. The tradition has been going for them since 1887. They have a bunch of men in black gathered on a platform read out the announcement from a scroll while carrying Punxsutawney Phil (a living groundhog) around. This year, he has predicted 6 more weeks of winter. Apparently some people dress in black for this (perhaps it's a reference to his shadow?) But I never knew it was a thing until today.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uYpbNVKVjlM
2. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qOEFjPOIFIU
3. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDD28SE7EF8
4. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marmot&oldid=1116705550
5. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXYyuGHjSkA
6. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PkRhD9IbfTA
Veronica Powerman

Veronica Powerman is the wife of John Powerman and the mother of Sid Powerman.

## Biography

### Childhood

Veronica was always a small and skinny kid, but was very social and friendly and made many friends. She loved playing with Barbie dolls and wanted to be a fashion model.

### Career and Married Life

Veronica Dipika worked as a model until she met John Powerman. After they were married, they went on a cruise to Hawaii, where she gave birth to Sid Powerman. She did not need to work again until John Powerman's death. After his death, she continued working as a model.

### Death

Veronica Powerman died of cancer on February 15, 2032
Dragons

English speakers use the word "dragon" to denote a certain kind of mythological creature and any other mythological creature that resembles it enough. Lungs, wyrms, and Quetzalcoatl are examples of mythological creatures that decidedly fall under English's dragon category. Traditionally dragons are considered to be serpents, but less snake like: typically with limbs, wings, horns, and a uniquely shaped jaw.

## Etymology

Dragon ultimately comes from δρᾰ́κων, which also translates to dragon. This word may have come from δέρκομαι, which can mean: to see or to watch, to live, or something that's gleaming or flashing. This invokes the lidless staring of a snake or the shine of a snake or dragon's scales. Deeper in it comes from Proto-Indo-European's \*derḱ, to see.
Equus ferus caballus

The horse is a domesticated creature that is common throughout cultures all over the world. It seems to have started its domestication in southern Europe and spread throughout Eurasia. By now it is one of the most well-known animals. Many children know what a horse is. In ancient times they were a necessity as a vehicle for riding or pulling carts. See Horses for more.

## List of horse breeds

* Aegidienberger
* American Cream Drafts
* American Miniature Horses
* American Paint Horses
* American Quarter Horses
* American Saddlebreds
* American Sugarbush Harlequin Drafts
* Andalusians
* Appaloosas
* Arabians
* Bajau Ponies
* Black Forest Horses
* Blazers
* British Appaloosas
* British Riding Ponies
* British Spotted Ponies
* Camarillo White Horses
* Caspians
* Chevel Canadien
* Cleveland Bays
* Colorado Rangers
* Connemara Ponies
* Curly Horses
* Dales Ponies
* Dartmoor Ponies
* Eriskay Ponies
* Exmoor Ponies
* Faroese Ponies
* Florida Cracker Horses
* Friesans
* Friesan Heritage Horses
* Galiceno
* Georgian Grande
* Gypsy Vanners
* Icelandics
* Irish Cobs
* Irish Draughts
* Irish Sport Horses

1. ↑ https://www.discoverthehorse.com/horse-breeds/profiles
Easter

Easter is a holiday celebrated in many countries. In America, it is a holiday that is half or fully celebrated as Jesus' resurrection by some Christians, and half or fully celebrated as a sort of child/fertility holiday by Christians and non-Christians alike. Depending on how you celebrate the holiday, Easter celebrates eggs (especially colored ones), chicks, rabbits, and new grass.

Easter is considered to have derived from Eostre, a hypothetical Pagan Goddess. Wiccans celebrate Ostara, which is named after her. People have hypothesized how rabbits and eggs would have been important to her fertility cult.

In America, Easter in the latter sense as a spring festival is a huge event and many corporations and media partake in it. There are many episode and movie specials dedicated to Easter. Easter baskets, fake grass, plastic eggs, and chocolate bunnies and eggs are sold during this time of year.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%92ostre&oldid=1147971088
Dama mesopotamica

The Persian Fallow Deer is considered a species of deer by some authors and a subspecies by others (as *Dama dama mesopitamica*), and is likely an intermediate between the two. It readily hybridizes with *Dama dama*, and offspring are fertile. Some areas, mainly in Anatolia, are populated with self-sustaining herds of hybrids.

## Conservation

I was researching the deer an noticed a cultural shock: that the conservationists who grew the deer and released them were upset by the wolves eating one! This shows the cultural differences between countries. In the United States predation is expected and hoped for to encourage the other population. The deer have to maintain enough numbers to keep going with predation, and might not be released until the scientists thought that they would be good. But despite 300 deer, these scientists actually saw wolves as a threat. It's true that wolves are a threat to them, but again, for Westerners, it's really a part of the natural process and its kind of the point. Even if wolves were released we'd expect bears and cougars to take a swipe at them. A sad fate, but its part of what happens. And while it did mess up the numbers and is a threat to growth, it's not that much of a problem except insoforth for wolf lovers seeing more wolves die. I just can't believe conservationists in the Middle East actually don't like predators!

Conservation has been going on since the mid 1900s. They live in Dez Wildlife Refuge and the Karkeh Wildlife Refuge, as well as in northern Iran. The population in DWR were missing in 2019 due to a flood that covered the whole of the park. I do not know if they survived.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-comeback-kids-persian-fallow-deer-reestablishing-themselves-up-north-1.8939369
2. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/6232/97672550
3. ↑ https://thepersianexperience.com/wildlife/
4. ↑ https://www.toiran.com/en/city-ahvaz/natural\_attractions/Dez-Wildlife-Refuge/5569
Mustela nivalis rixosa

The smallest carnivore in the world, Bang's Least Weasel has a small history with its name. Currently it is placed as a subspecies of *Mustela nivalis*, however before the name *Mustela rixosa* was the one who took on the subspecies, many of them having the same third name as before. Mustela rixosa rixosa is no longer, now it is only *Mustela nivalis rixosa*. It was described by Baird based off of a taxidermic specimen from extreme northwestern Minnesota, near North Dakota and given the name *Putorius pusillus*. It was later changed to *Putorius rixosa*. They also live in Montana and most provinces of Canada.

## See also

* Mustela nivalis
* Mustela
* Weasels

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Least\_weasel&oldid=1111814028
2. ↑ https://www.jstor.org/stable/1373581?seq=10#metadata\_info\_tab\_contents
Brachylagus coloradoensis

This is an extinct species of pygmy rabbit. They were found in what is now Colorado in the Irvingtonian age, which itself spanned 2 mya- 250,000 ya. Its fossils were first discovered in Porcupine Cave, Park County, Colorado. It's teeth represent the evolution of *Brachylagus idahoensis* from *Hypolagus*. This is likely the direct ancestor of the modern Pygmy Rabbit.

## References

1. ↑ http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon\_no=44652
2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Irvingtonian&oldid=1147070684
3. ↑ https://www.jstor.org/stable/41713099
Elephants

Elephants are the creatures and the fictional creatures that are based off of the the living animals encompassing Elephantidae, including extinct ones like mammoths and mastodons as well.

In American culture, elephants are huge. They represent hugeness and it is a common and important aspect in many of their portrayals. They are considered to be intelligent animals in their realistic depictions and are occasionally considered inquisitive or book smart. They are infamous for the phrase "an elephant never forgets" which was a reference to how elephants never forget a human individual who has abused them or befriended them. However it has been taken literally in their literature and TV portrayals. As a result many elephant characters have photographic memory of every waking moment. They may at times be taken as creatures with a bit of a temper, but are usually not portrayed as a villainous species. However they may at times be villains, especially when there are other non-villanous (whether they are heroes or neutral) elephants to balance them out. Their trunks are important to humans as they remind them of their arms and hands and thus they are depicted as more prehensile, less fingered versions of them. They are incredibly famous and have a number of portrayals, especially in cartoons and documentaries that take place in Africa, India, or other Jungle Asian countries. All children know what elephants are. Woolly Mammoths are also very famous, but not as well portrayed as their African and Asian descendants, but mostly due to the fact that while the Ice Age is famous, there aren't as many depictions of it as there are of modern-day or based off of Africa.
A Bug's Life

This is a Disney film shown in theatres in 1998. It based off of the old tale The Ant And The Grasshopper. In it an ant named Flick attempts to rescue his colony from an abusive grasshopper gang that feeds off of the villager-ants' food. It is also a sort of competitive remake of Antz. It has a video game and a sit-down attraction at Disney World. The Disney Plus version has changed the color of Hopper's eyes, perhaps in an attempt to make it a real eye disorder. One of them is now blue and the other has different discoloration features, including red veins. The modern graphics and colors do not fit in with the old scheme.

## Animals depicted

* Ants, exact species based upon unknown, but rumored to be black ants due to their coloration.
* Grasshoppers, exact species based upon unknown.
* Aphids, exact species unknown or null.
* Flea, exact species unknown.
* Flies, exact species unknown.
* Walking Stick, exact species unknown
* Ladybug, exact species unknown
* Black Widow, *Latrodectus,* exact species unknown or nil*.*
* Rhinoceros Beetle, *Dynastinae*, exact species unknown or null.
* Pillbugs, exact species unknown or nil. They speak a fake language.
* Caterpillar, exact species unknown. German accent.
* A moth claimed to be a "Gypsy Moth", but with a completely different, much more vibrant wing pattern than it. Perhaps a nomad rather than a *Lymantria dispar?*
* Praying Mantis, exact species unknown or null.
* Mosquitoes, exact species unknown or void.
* Daddy Long Legs, exact species unknown or void.
* A centipede or millipede
* An unknown species of bird.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 I watched it.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 I went there.
3. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A\_Bug%27s\_Life&oldid=1125650908
Canis lupus hodophilax

The Japanese wolf used to exist in central and southern Japan. However, it is now extinct. The scientific name references the "sending wolf". As Japanese society grew and developed roads, wolves started watching, accompanying, and even attacking travelers. The "hodo" means path in this sense, and "philax" means guard. Thus they are guardians of travelers on the roads. Wolves were considered to be crop protectors due to hunting the deer and boars that were attracted to farms.

1. ↑ https://www.google.com/books/edition/The\_Lost\_Wolves\_of\_Japan/NBUTCgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Horkew%20Kamuy&pg=PA78&printsec=frontcover
Flies (bug)

Flies are a common bug depicted in American culture. everybody knows what a fly is. It's not just media portrayals, it's also because flies are naturally drawn towards eating human food. Since they are a common outdoor insect, they often raid barbeques, picnis, and festivals. Therefore everybody has to swat flies away from landing on their skin and on their food. They are considered to be one of the nastiest bugs around. Not in terms of aggression, but in terms of disgusting low lives. They are commonly presented in negative and weak ways. Nobody likes flies for the most part. I think they're ok. They are noted for their particularly large, red, compound bug eyes and their sucking tube. And though most people don't see them vomit, they know that they vomit on their food, which helps spread diseases.
Lepus tolai

The Tolai Hare, or Baikal Hare, has been considered a species since at least 1778.

SUBSPECIES tolai

SUBSPECIES aurigineus

SUBSPECIES buchariensis

SUBSPECIES cheybani

SUBSPECIES cinnamomeus

SUBSPECIES filchneri

SUBSPECIES lehmanni

SUBSPECIES swinhoei

1. ↑ https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13500237
2. ↑ https://archive.org/details/animalkingdomorz00linn/page/280/mode/2up?ref=ol&view=theater
3. ↑ https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lepus\_tolai
Buteo jamaicensis

The Red Tailed Hawk is an animal that lives in North America. They come in many colored variants, but the most popular one is one with a lighter belly and a red tail. Their scream is used in media as a back-ground raptor call, often replacing that of a Bald Eagle's. They are not often featured as characters. In the Animorph book series by K. A. Applegate, one of the main characters is a human who was restricted to living as a Red Tailed Hawk due to a metamorphosis failure on his part. Red Tailed Hawks may be common suburban/country city animals in some areas in the West, but not necessarily in most U.S or Canadian towns.
Haplorhini

Haplorhinis are a suborder of primates under the taxonomic ranking system. Their name translates to "simple nose", and in English they may also be referred to as the dry nosed primates. As said, these monkeys and apes are distinguished from their distant Strepsirrhini relatives by the way of their nose. These apes tend to have the characteristic monkey nose with its large flaring nostrils plastered onto the face's skin, or the variations thereof like in the proboscis monkey or humans. Strepsirrhini, on the other hand, have cold and wet noses like those in lemurs that are comparable to dogs, or the weirder variations that resemble bats but are clearly made with a different kind of skin. Haplorhinis have the mischievous, aggressive, complex societal, and intelligent features of monkeys whereas those of Strepsirrhini, while a little smart, tend to be closer to animals. According to Wikipedia, Pocock gave them the name in 1918 when he noticed that tarsiers looked different than lemurs, but that's incorrect. Going by the very reference they linked, he noted that lemurs and "pithecoids" were distinguished by way of their noses already, which in turn defined their drinking habits. Lemurs lap water up with their tongue, while monkeys suck in water with their lips. Tarsiers have a nose that's kind of inbetween but, in Pococks opinion, leans towards the dry nose look. Despite the anatomical structures of the muzzle resembling monkeys, they are said to lap up water instead. Thus he decided that tarsiers represented an ancient line from between the two groups. Therefore, the differences between lemurs (and their near relatives) and monkeys (and the apes) was already noted by scientists at this point of time. However, he doesn't mention the words haplorhini or strepsirrini, so the distinguishment in taxonomy was different at this point in time.

I'm still unsure of when Haplorhini and Strepsirrhini separated according to the theory of evolution, but Wikipedia thinks it was soon after primates themselves evolved 63 million years ago. Then later it says that they changed 74 million years ago.

Tarsiers and other monkeys lack a different feature that's very important to defining these animals. Most mammals create their own vitamin C. This actually allows humans to be carnivorous by choice (like Inuits) as both red meat and fish supply vitamin C, though it's difficult to detect in meats for some reason (if I remember right). However, monkeys don't produce vitamin C, which means they have to obtain it from fruit. This is likely what pushed their diets to become heavily frugivorous.

## References

1. ↑ https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1918.tb02076.x
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haplorhini&oldid=1183831182
Beastars

Beastars started as a manga and became adapted by Netflix. It stars an anthropomorphic wolf named Legoshi, who, going through puberty, accidentally unleashed his predatory instincts on a fellow schoolmate female rabbit named Haru soon after a different herbivorous classmate was murdered and eaten. The story goes through his and other character's personal dilemmas through the carnivore/herbivore dynamic that permeates their world.
Helmut Debelius

Not much is known available about him, and that's all right. He appears to be a diver who collects animals from his dives and sends them in to be identified. He has a few animal species named after him and has published many books.Animals named after him include (but are possibly not limited to):

* *Centropyge debelius*
* *Enoplometopus debelius*
* *Hippocampus debelius*
* *Lysmata debelius*
* *Naviculavolva debelius*

## References

1. ↑ https://www.goodreads.com/author/list/411428.Helmut\_Debelius
2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lysmata\_debelius&oldid=1017119667
3. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?query=debelius&searchType=species
4. ↑ https://fishbase.se/summary/Hippocampus-debelius.html
5. ↑ https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/100003-Enoplometopus-debelius
6. ↑ https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/508074-Lysmata-debelius
7. ↑ https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/1222130-Naviculavolva-debelius
Hippocampus camelopardalis

The giraffe seahorse doesn't have a long neck, but it does have some small brown spots on a yellow background. The name camelopardalis means the same as its common English name. It is found on the southeast African reefs and seagrass beds. Credit for the species is given to Bianconi in 1854, though the history on this is hard to discover.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/102814-Hippocampus-camelopardalis
2. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10064/100939136
3. ↑ https://projectseahorse.org/protecting-giraffes-giraffe-seahorses-that-is-in-mozambique/
Macaca sylvanus

Called Barbary apes/macaques, these creatures are said to be native to North Africa, specifically the Atlas Mountain region of Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco. They are also known for their introduced population on Gibraltar, a tiny island just off of Spain that's owned by Britain. Despite being seen as an African macaque, Wikipedia notes that in the Pleistocene they lived all over Europe, so perhaps it's more rewilding than feral?

They seem to be noted for the males having an interest in raising the young. It's not like other macaques don't partake in interacting with children, but it seems they must have a more intricate role. They say "paternal", but most macaque species are somewhat unaware of whose child is whose due to how their polyamorous mating structure works. They're not noted for being monogamous, so I'm not sure if they pay more attention to the children of the females they mated with that year or to all of the children in general. As I learn more about them from documentaries and books featuring them rather than these quick online info-graphic articles, I'll be able to figure this out.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbary\_macaque&oldid=1181090555
2. ↑ https://animalcorner.org/animals/macaque-monkeys/
3. ↑ https://www.britannica.com/animal/macaque
4. ↑ https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/animals-of-the-atlas-mountains.html
5. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gibraltar&oldid=1184054101
Ants

Ants are a bug famous in American culture. All kids know about them. They used to walk in lines, but they no longer do. No one talks about this. They live in colonies ruled by a queen. They have the most incredibly advanced architecture of any creature besides human beings. Despite this they are considered one-minded, or hive-minded, or in general working only for the sake of the colony with individual expression surpressed. Most working ants are females, but despite this portrayals continue to have male ants.
Arctoidea

This is an infraorder of the taxonomic order Carnivora. This clade covers weasels, bears, and seals. It started 46 million years ago. It was named by a flower in 1869. It's funny that that popped up on my random page button, because I was working on Bambi and skunks not too long ago. Skunks are also a member of Arctoidea.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arctoidea&oldid=1114657742
Mustela sibirica

The Siberian weasel lives in Russia and Asia. They may also be called kolonok from their Russian name.

## Subspecies & Variants

* Mustela sibirica canigula
* Mustela sibirica charbinensis
* Mustela sibirica coreanus
* Mustela sibirica davidiana
* Mustela sibirica fontanierii
* Mustela sibirica hodgsoni
* Mustela sibirica manchurica
* Mustela sibirica moupinensis
* Mustela sibirica quelpartis
* Mustela sibirica sibirica
* Mustela sibirica subhemachalana

Additionally some people recognize Mustela itatsi as a subspecies of the kolonok. The weasels from the Baraba Steppe in Russia are noted to be larger than others. They would currently be considered to belong to *Mustela sibirica sibirica*, but it seems they may need to be separated from that population into a different subspecies due to their body size.

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siberian\_weasel&oldid=1079818747
Eagles

Eagles are large birds of prey and their fictional representations thereof. Scientifically they're usually characterized as belonging in Accipitridae, a group filled with hawk-like birds. However not all members of this family are eagles. Rather this word defines the particularly large ones, The word "eagle" makes it to be a different animal than other similar looking raptors like falcons and hawks. Thus it functions like rat and mouse, or frog and toad. Though I would say that since eagles are more regal, it feels a little bit more seperate to me, though their looks and personalities are so similiar that they might as well be hawks.

The English word "eagle" is known to be derived from Proto-Indo-European's "*\*h₃érō"* and has other words that helped shape it into what it is now, such as Latin's "aquila".

Eagles have been popular throughout the world, impressing most cultures wherever they are. The white-tailed eagle and golden eagle have impressed Eurasians for thousands of years. As some Eurasians migrated into North America, the Bald Eagle became incredibly important, completely replacing the memory of its relative the white tailed eagle (which looks very similar to it and even has a white head as well). Eagles have a fearsome, noble reputation, and in a way they are similar to lions. For more information on eagles, it is best to check out the pages of the individual species.

In the past eagles were quite larger, capable of preying on humans and other large creatures. In New Zealand history they are an important part of their fossil record, and used to be the sole predator of the moa before humans arrived.
Halloween

Halloween is a holiday in several or more countries. It is famous for its dark and creepy themes and for children dressing up and going door to door trick or treating. Due to this holiday being infamous many countries that don't have the holiday have become aware of American concepts associated with Halloween, such as spooky black cats and jack-'o-lanturns.

Several animals are commonly seen in Halloween amongst and sometimes included as part of the monster-plethora:

* Black cats
* Bats
* Spiders
* Ravens and Crows
* Scary variations of dogs, especially dead or black dogs.
* Owls
* Rats

To a lesser extent other scary animals are included in Halloween, such as snakes and bugs like cockroaches and flies. But really anything portrayed as dead or especially frightening and monstrous. Other animals that have associations with the night or monsters, such as moths and toads, may also be included. Their Halloween feel may be strong, but not as strong as those animals above IMO.

If we were an archeologist looking at Halloween, we'd probably say that these animals, amongst many other aspects, were sacred to the holiday.
Arsapnia arapahoe

The Arapahoe Snowfly is a small insect that currently only lives in one county, Larimer, of north-eastern Colorado. Despite their winter attributions, there is not much information available. It seems that the young finalize their larval stage in early winter and metamorphosize, and in late winter to early spring emerge as adults. It seems likely that it and its near relatives may walk on snow, perhaps even emerging from it, giving them their name. Fossils of Arsapnia arapahoe have been found. Like many bugs, the Arapahoe Snowfly has no listing on the IUCN Redlist whatsoever. Considering its limited living area, it is best to treat it as a critically endangered species.

1. ↑ https://xerces.org/endangered-species/species-profiles/at-risk-aquatic-invertebrates/arapahoe-snowfly
2. ↑ https://www.mindat.org/taxon-8297820.html
Acraga infusa

The Yellow Fuzzy Legs moth is a Central and South American moth. It is occasionally featured in articles and youtube videos recently due to its unique look. This is one of many darker types of animals that have been highlighted recently as a trend to make them look cuter and friendlier to people. Since its a moth and people tend to think of moths as dull colored. In my opinion its actually more of an orange, so I think it might be okay if you started calling it the Orange Fuzzy Legs moth. After all, language is by the people, not necessarily by an authority. I'm also not the only one who thinks they're more orange.

## In fiction

Spoilers*This article is about a specific form of media, such as a movie or a video game. Therefore it may contain heavy spoilers so as to best discuss it. You have been warned!*

In Flutter: Starlight, the Yellow Furry Legs caterpillar is the first one the player gets to have. It is the first moth in the Flutterpedia book. It doesn't have its famed, common-named feature as all moths in the game are drawn without legs. It is in the Flutterpedia category Polilla, which is Spanish for moth. This is due to it living in Spanish dominant countries. Like many moths in the games, the caterpillars don't look like their normal forms, instead their color scheme reflects the adult form.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/500573-Acraga-infusa
2. ↑ https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/21988485
3. ↑ I played the game.
4. ↑ https://flutter-starlight.fandom.com/wiki/Yellow\_Furry-legs
5. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=polilla&oldid=74769382
Afroinsectiphilia

It's name suggests that someone likes African insects, and I'm sure the animals of this group do love them! As food. This is a "proposed" taxonomic clade based off of shrew-like insectivores that evolved in Afrotheria. It separates into three living orders, Afrosoricida, Macroscelidea and Tubulidentata. The extinct Ptolemaiida is also in here. In terms of common names, aarvarks and elephant shrews are the most popular creatures found in this clade. With this seperation, the clade Paenungulata can contain its own creatures.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afrotheria&oldid=1137034057
2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afroinsectiphilia&oldid=1187711141
Giant Wolf

There are ancient depictions of giant wolves throughout mythology and history. Fenrir was a wolf god/monster who grew so big that even the gods feared him. Amaroks were not truly wolves, but were wolf-like in appearance and their name was initially derived from wolves. They two were pretty large, but maybe not as large as Fenrir, just somewhat bigger than a polar bear. The beast of Gévaudan was not considered a wolf by the victims, but other people had nonetheless speculated it to be a large wolf. There are many other portrayals of large wolves in history. Even today, in our comics and cartoons, we sometimes draw stylized wolves as being much taller than they should be, like over 6 feet.

In modern times, we try to make our own mythologies. We use science because science it's on hand through books, TV, and computers. However, we are not scientists, and we misunderstand it sometimes and it doesn't filter into our minds and culture correctly. We like to portray direwolves as very large wolves, much larger than they were. They weren't even Canis lupus, so they weren't wolves. When we have werewolves, sometimes they're bigger than normal wolves. When we don't put it in our cryptozoology or find it in history, then we'll put it on TV instead.

Giant wolves are aggressive and may or may not be protective of humans. Most importantly, they are usually ready to kill anything. We see this in TV such as Princess Mononoke, Game of Thrones, and Twilight.
Hippocampus bargibanti

The pygmy seahorse lives in the eastern Pacific, from south Japan going south around Indonesia and down to north eastern Australia. As babies they nestle on a piece of fan coral, change their color from brown to the coral's color, and then live there for the rest of their lives. Some species have recently been severed from the pygmy seahorse and several into their own category, though it is not clear to me which localities were confused for what. The species is given credit to a Whitley in 1970. The details of which, as always, are unknown to me.

## References

1. ↑ https://fishbase.se/summary/Hippocampus-bargibanti.html
2. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10060/54904073
3. ↑ https://reeflifesurvey.com/species/hippocampus-bargibanti
4. ↑ https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/102812-Hippocampus-bargibanti
5. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q3CtGoqz3ww
6. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XG5d7SZ9Ns8
7. ↑ https://projectseahorse.org/how-many-bargibants-pygmy-seahorses-do-you-see/
8. ↑ https://projectseahorse.org/resource/three-new-pygmy-seahorse-species-from-indonesia-teleostei-syngnathidae-hippocampus/
Hippocampus guttulatus

They are called the Long-snouted seahorse or spiny seahorse. They may be the species with their backs are covered in long cirri, which makes them reminiscent of a hedgehog or a porcupine. However, other sources show seahorses that lack this feature. Despite this it might be better to call them the spiny seahorse, as otherwise their contending the name with the longsnout seahorse. Or perhaps the longsnout seahorse should be called the slender seahorse while this one keeps the name. Either way, both these species have almost the same name. Reidi is the Longsnout Seahorse, while guttulatus is the Long-Snouted Seahorse. Their scientific name is biologist Latin for "having small speckles". Their identification is attributed to Cuvier in 1829, but I don't have more information on this. These seaporcupines live in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, from Germany to the Mediterranean sea. Their depth ranges greatly, from 3 feet to 66 feet deep (1-20 m). They live close or within meadows of eelgrass or Poseidon seagrass (fittingly enough). The population in Portuguese waters dislike the noise of motor boats. The IUCN doesn't have enough data on them to know whether they are endangered or not. Fossils of the spiny seahorse have been found. They have existed for 3 million years. It is possible that these are the oldest surviving species of seahorses. These fossils were found at the Marecchia River Formation in Italy. As a fossil they're called *H. ramulosus**.*

## References

1. ↑ Liittschwagei, David (2022) pg. 133 ISBN: 1426221797
2. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/guttulatus
3. ↑ https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/102821-Hippocampus-guttulatus
4. ↑ https://projectseahorse.org/resource/effects-of-anthropogenic-noise-wild-populations-of-hippocampus-portugal/
5. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41006/67617766
6. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seahorse&oldid=1088533517#Evolution\_and\_fossil\_record
7. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=Hippocampus+ramulosus&title=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns0=1
Mustela furo

Missing media*This article is missing information about its appearances in media. This may include books, television, video games, and newspapers. You can improve this by contributing to the article.*
*Mustela furo* is the domesticated ferret. Some people feel that all domesticated species are subspecies and not full species and therefore should not have their own species name, in which case their scientific name is described as *Mustela putorius furo*.

These animals were domesticated from polecats in an unknown ancient civilization 2,500 years ago.. They were initially used for rabbiting. They are rarely used for this in North America today, rather they are pets. The name ferret comes from Latin furritus, "little thief", which remarks upon the tendency for ferrets to grab their owners objects, small and large, and attempt to drag it to where they want it. Ferrets are illegal to own in Hawai'i, California, New York, and Washington D.C due to their mischievous behavior and risk of destructive feral populations. However they are seen as a slightly not normal but still common pet.

Their main color is called sable, which is also the name for a dissimilarly colored relative.

## See also

* Weasels
* Ferrets
* Mustela

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferret&oldid=1072337017
2. ↑ https://petkeen.com/types-of-ferrets-colors-patterns/
Chinchillas

Chinchillas are creatures that are currently documented as under the genus Chinchilla. This part of the article also covers fictional variations and representations of chinchillas.

It looks like they used to considered rabbits, as Carl Linnaeus describes a domesticated rabbit from Chile the size of a small rat with fine, short fur. If this is true, then in the 1700s at least their name used to be the Chilean Hare. It was called Lepus minimus, which reminds me of Minun from Pokemon.

Chinchillas were eaten for their meat in South America in the past. They are currently a popular form of "exotic" pet.

## References

1. ↑ https://archive.org/details/animalkingdomorz00linn/page/280/mode/2up?ref=ol&view=theater
Mustela richardsonii

The American stoat, American ermine, or short-tailed weasel was reidentified as a species rather than a subspecies in 2021. It previously belonged to Mustela erminea.The subspecies richardsonii was given the type species. This is a list of the subspecies that are now considered belonging to the American stoat.

* *alascensis*
* *anguinae*
* *bangsi*
* *cigognanii*
* *fallenda*
* *gulosa*
* *initis*
* *invicta*
* *muricus*
* *olympica*
* *richardsonii*
* *seclusa*
* *semplei*
* *stratori*

## Impact on societies

**M'icmaq:** There is a story called Weasel and Mouse. In this story they are thieving children or teenage humans with the names of the animals, and they have the power to summon weasels and mice, respectively. There is a fairytale about two sisters who call themselves The Weasels. They accidentally get married to two Star-men after stargazing, and are then turned into anthropomorphic ermines stuck at the top of a tree, in beds. They then go through various trials and tribulations, running around the spirit world trying to go home. All the while they solicit men to marry them. Their brother goes on to search for them.  *possibly Bernardson's stoat*

**Modern Anglosphere:** As this is a recently defined species, most of its portrayals have been that of a short-tailed weasel. In the future people will begin to see the two differently and redefine what it means and is about. Like other weasels in North America, it is an interest in conservation and to farmer's with smaller animals to protect.

## See also

* Ermines
* Weasels

## References

1. ↑ https://www.google.com/books/edition/Legends\_of\_the\_Micmacs/fzV1AAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA443&printsec=frontcover
2. ↑ https://www.google.com/books/edition/Legends\_of\_the\_Micmacs/fzV1AAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA160&printsec=frontcover
Городской район

Тип местности, который позволяет строить город или городское улучшение.

* Расширяет границы
* Каждый городской район поддерживает 2 единицы населения
* Осадные отряды (Siege): + 50% атаки
* Пехота (Infantry): + 25% обороны

## Описание

Городские районы - основной тип местности для развития империи. Располагаются на карте всегда группами по 2-10 гексов на значительном удалении друг от друга. Город может быть построен только на одном из гексов такой группы. Изначально игрок стартует именно в городском районе. Еще одна свободная группа городских районов располагается неподалеку. Все остальные городские районы на карте принадлежат либо другим цивилизациям, либо племенам, либо варварам. Для того, чтобы основать город, игроку необходимо сперва уничтожить отряд варваров/племени в центральном гексе группы, после чего город может быть построен в любом гексе группы.

При выборе Поселенца все свободные центральные гексы городских групп на видимой части карты подсвечиваются зеленым цветом. При наведении курсора на любой гекс городской группы показываются как будут распределены границы будущего города, что позволяет планировать строительство города.

Городские районы - единственный тип местности, в который может быть терраформирован другой тип местности. Терраформирование происходит при строительстве в любом гексе (кроме морского) городского здания, либо рабочим при наличии у лидера архетипа Строитель (Builder)

см. также Местность и улучшения
Hippocampus histrix

The thorny or spiny seahorse is credited to Kaup in 1856. Their scientific name is Latin for "porcupine", of which the Romans knew through their porcupine. They aren't particularly more spiny than other seahorses, and there are plenty of species that are way spikier than them. They are wrongly credited as the Long-snouted seahorse by Gbif, but when spelled with a "y", is designated as the correct species. Additionally it seems that many seahorse species that are caught in trawl catched are reported as "spiny seahorse" (or Hippocampus histrix, I'm not sure whether they use common or scientific names to report bycatch). This would mean that the status concerns of all other seahorses are jeopardized and frankly, wrong, as no one knows how many of them are caught, despite the IUCN's official status. It's given a wide range by the IUCN and Fishbase- all over the Indian Ocean from southeastern Russia all the way down to the Solomon Islands, the westwards around Seychelles and the eastern coast of Africa, and also Hawai'i. Either this is a very adaptable species which must have a series of undocumented subspecies adapted to these specific climates, or many people are confusing various seahorse species for *H. histrix*. It's listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.iucn-seahorse.org/seahorses-seadragons
2. ↑ https://projectseahorse.org/iseahorse/explore/species/
3. ↑ https://www.gbif.org/species/5201038
4. ↑ https://www.gbif.org/species/5201045
5. ↑ https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/102823-Hippocampus-histrix
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10070/54905206
7. ↑ https://www.fishbase.ca/summary/Hippocampus-histrix.html
Lepus mandshuricus

The manchurian hare is a creature that lives in Russia, China, and North Korea. It has a black morph, and this may be responsible for the now defunct species *Lepus melainus* and *Lepus niger*.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manchurian\_hare&oldid=1141361864
2. ↑ https://archive.org/details/animalkingdomorz00linn/page/278/mode/2up?ref=ol&view=theater
Cercopithecidae

This is a family of primates that covers a majority of the monkeys from Africa and Asia. As such, they have been called Old-World Monkeys for many years now. The New-World Monkeys of the America(n) continent(s) separated from them 35-55 million years ago. Unlike their American cousins, many of these monkeys are at home with the ground, regularly moving from tree to ground as a part of their living habits. Some live on the ground most of the time. They are also more likely to be smarter and aggressive. Some are also tailless, and to define an ape as a tailless monkey is a matter of linguistical choice or culture, rather than to define ape as a member of Homonoidea. Catarrhini may also be called Old-World Monkeys, though it includes Homonoidea. Homonoidea split from Cercopithecidae about 25 million years ago. The earliest known Cercopithecidid is from the Oligocene in Egypt.

Family Cercopithecidae splits into two subfamilies, Cercopithecinae and Colobinae. Cercopithecinae is further split into two tribes, Cercopithecini and Papionini. Colobinae appears to be a group of supergenuses rather than tribes, at least by eyeing the Wikipedia article. Cercopithecines may have cheek pouches for storing food for later, "simple" stomachs, and are prone to exploring alternative food sources and venturing into omnivorism. Colobines lack cheek pouches, exploratory eating, and have more complex stomachs for digesting vegetable matter.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Old\_World\_monkey&oldid=1175742223
2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catarrhini&oldid=1183831230
3. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ape&oldid=1182346631
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Cercopithecidae/