Chico, California

Not to be confused with Chino, California.
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**Chico** (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell) is the most populous city in Butte County, California, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 86,187, reflecting an increase of 26,233 from the 59,954 counted in the 2000 Census. Following the 2018 Camp Fire that destroyed much of the neighboring town of Paradise, the population of Chico surged as many people who lost their homes in the fire moved to Chico. In 2018, the California Department of Finance estimated the population of Chico is 111,706, an increase of more than 20% from the 2018 population estimate. Chico is now the largest city in California north of Sacramento. The city is the cultural, economic, and educational center of the northern Sacramento Valley and home to both California State University, Chico and Bidwell Park, the country's 26th largest municipal park and the 13th largest municipally-owned park. Bidwell Park makes up over 17% of the city.

Other cities in close proximity to the Chico Metropolitan Area (population 212,000) include Paradise and Oroville, while local towns and villages (unincorporated areas) include Durham, Cohasset, Dayton, Nord, and Forest Ranch. The Chico Metropolitan Area is the 14th largest Metropolitan Statistical Area in California.

The nickname "City of Roses" appears on the Seal of the City of Chico. The city has been designated a Tree City USA for 31 years by the National Arbor Day Foundation.

## History

*Main article: History of Chico, California*
 File:Bidwell Mansion 2006 11 IMGP0863.JPG
The first known inhabitants of the area now known as Chico — a Spanish word meaning "little" — were the Mechoopda Maidu Native Americans. The City of Chico was founded in 1860 by John Bidwell, a member of one of the first wagon trains to reach California in 1843. During the American Civil War, Camp Bidwell (named for John Bidwell, by then a Brigadier General of the California Militia), was established a mile outside Chico, by Lt. Col. A. E. Hooker with a company of cavalry and two of infantry, on August 26, 1863.

By early 1865 it was being referred to as Camp Chico when a post called Camp Bidwell was established in northeast California, later to be Fort Bidwell. The city became incorporated January 8, 1872.

Chico was home to a significant Chinese American community when it was first incorporated, but arsonists burned Chico's Chinatown in February 1886, driving Chinese Americans out of town.

Historian W.H. "Old Hutch" Hutchinson identified five events as the most seminal in Chico history. They included the arrival of John Bidwell in 1850, the arrival of the California and Oregon Railroad in 1870, the establishment in 1887 of the Northern Branch of the State Normal School, which later became California State University, Chico (Chico State), the purchase of the Sierra Lumber Company by the Diamond Match Company in 1900, and the development of the Army Air Base, which is now the Chico Municipal Airport.

Several other significant events have unfolded in Chico more recently. These include the construction and relocation of Route 99E through town in the early 1960s, the founding of Sierra Nevada Brewing Company in 1979—what would become one of the top breweries in the nation—and the establishment of a "Green Line" on the western city limits as protection of agricultural lands.Template:Citation needed

## Geography

### Location

Chico is at the northeast edge of the Sacramento Valley, one of the richest agricultural areas in the world. The Sierra Nevada mountains lie to the east and south, with Chico's city limits venturing several miles into the foothills. To the west, the Sacramento River lies 5 miles (8 km) from the city limits.

### Topography

 File:ChicoDowntown2.jpg
Chico sits on the Sacramento Valley floor close to the foothills of the Cascade Range to the north and the Sierra Nevada range to the east and south. Big Chico Creek is the demarcation line between the ranges. The city's terrain is generally flat with increasingly hilly terrain beginning at the eastern city limits.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 27.8 square miles (72 km2), of which 27.7 square miles (72 km2) is land and 0.04% is water.

The city is bisected by Bidwell Park, which runs 5 miles (8 km) from the flat city center deep into the foothills.

The city is also traversed by two creeks and a flood channel, which feeds the Sacramento River. They are named Big Chico Creek, Little Chico Creek, and Lindo Channel (also known as Sandy Gulch, locally).

### Street system

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Downtown Chico is located generally between Big Chico Creek and Little Chico Creek. The downtown has a street grid offset 49.75° from the four cardinal directions. There are numbered streets and avenues, which generally run east-northeast to west-southwest. Blocks are usually addressed in hundreds corresponding to the numbered streets and avenues. While the east-northeast to west-southwest streets and avenues are numbered, streets running north-northwest to south-southeast are generally named after trees. The part of the "tree" streets that intersect the Chico State campus spell the word "CHICO" at Chestnut, Hazel, Ivy, Cherry, and Orange streets.

The main thoroughfare running northwest–southeast through the city is State Route Business 99, not to be confused with Highway 99. Business 99 has several common names. From northwest to southeast, these are Esplanade, Main Street/Broadway (these are one-way southeast and northwest, respectively, in downtown Chico), Main Street/Oroville Avenue (similarly one-way), Park Avenue, and Midway. The city streets are designated as "east" or "west" by their relation to this street.

There are numbered streets and avenues both of which flow east–west. This fact can cause confusion. The "streets" are south of the Chico State campus through downtown, while the "avenues" are north of campus through The Esplanade. There are no left turns permitted onto any odd numbered avenue from The Esplanade, in either direction, with the exception of West 11th Avenue.

In the numbered streets and avenues and most other streets that intersect The Esplanade, Main, and Park, the west addresses are all numbers whose last two digits are 00 through 49 and the east addresses are all numbers whose last two digits are 50 through 99. There are few exceptions. On most Chico streets odd addresses are on the south side of the street.

Standing at the bridge over the Big Chico Creek—where Main Street changes to The Esplanade—and facing north, the odd addresses are on the left. (Bidwell Mansion is 525 The Esplanade.) This convention holds for all the numbered avenues. However, while facing south the odd addresses are still on the left (i.e., the convention has switched). This convention holds throughout the numbered streets.

Many streets in Chico, most notably Nord Avenue/Walnut Street, change street names after small bridges. When the city was being built, these streets were on the outskirts of town and did not require bridge building. Modern residents of Chico use these streets frequently, and the name changes can cause confusion.

### Neighborhoods

 File:ChicoDowntown1.jpg
**Downtown Chico** – This is the main commercial district in Chico. It is located generally between the Big Chico Creek and Little Chico Creek between Wall Street and Salem Street. The Downtown Chico Business Association represents the interests of the downtown to the community. Main Street and Broadway are the two main thoroughfares bisecting the downtown. Ringel Park is the triangular-shaped area immediately north of downtown. The Chico City Plaza is the central point of downtown, between Fourth and Fifth streets. The area of West Ninth Street where Main Street and Oroville Avenue converge is known as The Junction, the southernmost part of the downtown. "The Junction", as the confluence of Humboldt Road and the old Shasta Stage Road (now Main Street and The Esplanade), got its name in the early 1860s when John Bidwell and partners established a company that created a stage line between Chico and Susanville, ultimately leading to Ruby City, Idaho, and the rich gold strikes there. This is the place where Humboldt Road began; it is now called Humboldt Avenue until it reaches the Highway 99 freeway, then regains the Humboldt Road name on the eastern side as it continues into the foothills. "The Junction" was for some years a business district unto itself, providing goods and services to people arriving at and departing from the stage depot.

**South Campus** – The South Campus neighborhood is the area bounded by West Second Street, Salem Street, West Ninth Street and the western city limits (which is called "The Green Line"). Historically, this area was the first residential area established in the city. Currently, it is the most densely populated area of the city. The South Campus Neighborhood Association represents the interests of the neighborhood to the community. South Campus is a dynamic residential neighborhood consisting overwhelmingly of young renters under thirty-five, and specifically Chico State students. The intersection of Fifth and Ivy streets is a neighborhood commercial core sometimes referred to locally as "Five and I." There are many fraternity and sorority houses in the area, and the city has designated a "Fraternity/Sorority Overlay Zone", largely contiguous with the neighborhood. South Campus is home of Craig Hall and Depot Park.

**Barber** – The Barber neighborhood is a working class residential neighborhood generally south of Little Chico Creek and west of Park Avenue. The Barber Neighborhood Association represents the interests of the neighborhood to the community. This neighborhood was originally built to house the employees of the adjacent Diamond Match Factory. The neighborhood was named after Ohio Columbus Barber, president of the Diamond Match Company. Today, the Diamond Match property is designated for a future development called Barber Yard.

**Chapmantown** – This is a working-class residential neighborhood entirely surrounded by area inside the city of Chico, but which itself is not a part of the city. Rather, it is under the jurisdiction of the County of Butte. Chapmantown is currently known as the area bounded by Little Chico Creek, Boucher Street, Guill Street and East Sixteenth Street. The neighborhood south of East Twentieth Street to the east of Fair street is also referred to as Chapmantown. Historically, Chapmantown referred to everything east of Mulberry street, but that is no longer the case. Due to not being within city limits, there are no sidewalks, sewers, or any other city services. However, there are also none of the regulations associated with the municipality either (prohibition on chicken coops, burn permits, etc.) The neighborhood is home to The Dorothy F. Johnson Neighborhood Center, a facility of the Chico Area Recreation District. The neighborhood is named after Augustus Chapman.

**The Avenues** – A relatively new name that refers to the area north of Big Chico Creek historically known as Chico Vecino (Spanish for 'neighbor'). This area includes the numbered avenues that intersect The Esplanade. This residential neighborhood is adjacent to the northern boundary of Chico State campus and is south of Lindo Channel. The neighborhood also is home to Enloe Medical Center. The Avenues are known for their beautiful older homes, mature trees and walkability.

**Mansion Park** is the high-end residential neighborhood adjacent to the Bidwell Mansion, and immediately between the northeast corner of the Chico State campus and Chico High School. This neighborhood is notable for its being a preferred parking zone for residents with permits only, located in an area of the city with very impacted parking. This neighborhood is home to the Albert E. Warrens Reception Center (formerly the Julia Morgan House), and the Bidwell Amphitheatre. Originally home to mostly university professors and staff, other professionals and upper-middle-class families now also call it home.

 File:Chico State's Kendall Hall.JPG
**Doe Mill** is a developing "new urbanist" residential neighborhood generally north of East Twentieth Street and East of Bruce Road. Cheerful, colorful homes, welcoming porches, mixed home sizes, and narrow streets that encourage pedestrian rather than vehicular traffic characterize this charming neighborhood.

**Nob Hill** is the developing residential neighborhood west of Bruce Road and north of Highway 32.

**California Park** is the developing residential neighborhood east of Bruce Road and north of Highway 32. This area contains a smaller area known as **Canyon Oaks**.

**Aspen Glen** is the residential neighborhood east of the Esplanade and north of East Shasta avenue. Many streets there are named after things associated with Colorado.

**Cussick Area Neighborhood** is an assortment of different housing types on the northwest end of town. It is flanked by orchards, the Esplanade, and West East Avenue.

**Big Chico Creek Estates** is a middle class development in the southwest area of town, Backed by Big Chico Creek, and very close to Chico's newest elementary school.

**Little Chico Creek Estates** generally referred to as "Chico Creek Estates", is a middle-class development that is bordered to the north by Little Chico Creek, to the west by Bruce Road, to the South by a seasonal flood control channel and Doe Mill neighborhood and bordered to the east by Stilson Canyon. Prior to its development in the late 1980s and early 1990s, Little Chico Creek Estates was an olive orchard. As a result, the streets in the neighborhood are named after olive varieties.

**Connors Neighborhood** is a very small neighborhood squeezed between East Avenue and Rio Lindo and between the Esplanade and Highway 99. Connors Neighborhood is made up of Connors Avenue and White Avenue, along with a couple of courts and circles. This neighborhood was incorporated into Chico in 2003.

Other neighborhoods include South Park, North Park, Vallombrosa, Baroni Park, Heritage Oaks and Hancock Park.

Chico also is home to several large new urbanist neighborhoods, either planned or under construction, including Doe Mill, Barber Yard, Meriam Park, The Orchard and Westside Place.

The above-mentioned "neighborhoods" do not include large sections of Chico. There are numerous other areas that each have unique characteristics and attractions. While some of these areas were not so long ago outside of city limits, they have always been a part of the Chico community. Most of these areas are well established with a high percentage of residents who have lived there for more than 20 years. In the older areas of the outlying neighborhoods, it is not uncommon to find households that have been there for fifty or even more years.Template:Citation needed

### Parks and creekside greenways

 File:Big Chico Creek in Upper Bidwell Park.jpg
Parks
* Verbena Fields: This site is a former quarry that has been restored into a natural park. The project expanded and improved seasonal wetlands, increased the floodplain width, restored native plantings, established Mechoopda Indian cultural planting areas, constructed a walking trail loop, and provides public education.
* Baroni Park
* Bidwell Park
* Children's Playground
* Depot Park
* DeGarmo Park
* East 20th St at Notre Dame Park (undeveloped)
* Hancock Park
* Henshaw Park (undeveloped)
* Hooker Oak Recreation Area
* Ceres Park (undeveloped)
* Humboldt Park (Humboldt at Willow)
* Nob Hill/Husa Ranch Park
* Peterson Park
* City Plaza
* Ringel Park
* Skateboard Park
* Wildwood Park
* Martin Luther King Park
* Chapman Park
* Oak Way Park
* Rotary Park (Wall Street)
* Rotary Park (Sixteenth and Broadway)

Creekside Greenways
* Little Chico Creek
* Mud Creek
* Sycamore Creek
* Commanche Creek
* Sandy Gulch (Lindo Channel) Greenway
* Bear Hole (in Upper Bidwell Park)
* Alligator Hole (in Upper Bidwell Park)
* Salmon Hole (in Upper Bidwell Park)

### Climate

Chico and the Sacramento Valley have a typically Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa), with very hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters.
Temperatures can rise well above 100 °F (38 °C) in the summer. Chico is one of the top metropolitan areas in the nation for number of clear days.

Winters are fairly mild and wet, with the most rainfall coming in January. July is usually the hottest month, with an average high temperature of 94 °F (34 °C) and an average low temperature of 61 °F (16 °C). January is the coolest month, with an average high temperature of 55 °F (13 °C) and an average low temperature of 35 °F (2 °C). The average annual rainfall is 27 inches (690 mm). Tule fog is sometimes present during the autumn and winter months.

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### 2010

The 2010 United States Census reported that Chico had a population of 86,187, which represents an increase of 43.8% since 2000 and a continuation of steady population increase since 1940. The population density was 2,604.2 people per square mile (1,005.5/km²). The racial makeup of Chico was 69,606 (80.8%) White, 1,771 (2.1%) African American, 1,167 (1.4%) Native American, 3,656 (4.2%) Asian, 210 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 5,437 (6.3%) from other races, and 4,340 (5.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13,315 persons (15.4%).

The Census reported that 83,009 people (96.3% of the population) lived in households, 2,591 (3.0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 587 (0.7%) were institutionalized.

There were 34,805 households, out of which 9,222 (26.5%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 11,745 (33.7%) were heterosexual living together, 3,975 (11.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,729 (5.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 2,806 (8.1%) unmarried heterosexual partnerships, and 295 (0.8%) same sex married couples or partnerships. 10,419 households (29.9%) were made up of individuals and 3,100 (8.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38. There were 17,449 families (50.1% of all households); the average family size was 2.97.

The population was spread out with 16,771 people (19.5%) under the age of 18, 20,622 people (23.9%) aged 18 to 24, 22,360 people (25.9%) aged 25 to 44, 17,256 people (20.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 9,178 people (10.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over there were 96.8 males.

There were 37,050 housing units at an average density of 1,119.5 per square mile (432.2/km²), of which 34,805 were occupied, of which 14,878 (42.7%) were owner-occupied, and 19,927 (57.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.0%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.8%. 36,008 people (41.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 47,001 people (54.5%) lived in rental housing units.

### 2000

As of the census of 2000, there were 59,954 people, 23,476 households, and 11,644 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,161.0 people per square mile (834.5/km²). There were 24,386 housing units at an average density of 879.0 per square mile (339.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 82.4% White, 2.0% Black or African American, 1.3% Native American, 4.2% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 5.7% from other races, and 4.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.3% of the population.

There were 23,476 households out of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.4% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.4% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the city, the population was spread out with 21.1% under the age of 18, 27.0% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 15.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over there were 93.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,359, and the median income for a family was $43,077. Males had a median income of $35,548 versus $26,173 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,970. About 12.7% of families and 26.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.2% of those under age 18 and 8.2% of those age 65 or over.

## Economy

Much of the local economy is driven by the presence of Chico State. Industries providing employment: educational, health and social services (30.3%), retail trade (14.9%), arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation and food services (12.6%).

Chico has always been a regional retail shopping destination. Chico's largest retail district is focused around the Chico Mall on East 20th Street. In the two decades since the Chico Mall was constructed, many national retailers have located nearby, including Target, Kohl's, Forever 21, Best Buy, and Walmart. In January 2008, plans were unveiled to remodel the Chico Mall by demolishing the westernmost portion of the mall (previously home to Troutman's) and constructing an open air "lifestyle" shopping center that will connect the mall with the Kohl's shopping center nearby. This has since been amended as Dick's Sporting Goods has renovated both the interior and exterior the space formerly occupied by Troutmans, and officially opened on July 10, 2013.

Chico is also home to the North Valley Plaza Mall, which was the city's first enclosed shopping center. Construction on this mall began in 1965 and it was the County's largest shopping center until the Chico Mall was completed in 1988. For a few years the "old" mall and the "new" mall competed against one another. The North Valley Plaza Mall was dealt a blow when JCPenney, one of the old mall's anchors, moved to the Chico Mall in 1993. The "old" mall slowly declined with increasing vacancies. After several failed attempts at revitalization, the North Valley Plaza Mall was overhauled in 2002, with the center of the mall demolished. Several large retailers, such as Trader Joe's, and Tinseltown Theater, are operating at the mall plus a number of restaurants. Mervyn's anchored the mall at the west end, filling the spot vacated by JCPenney, but declared bankruptcy in 2008 and liquidated its entire stock by the end of December of that year. The entire Mervyn's chain ceased operations just before the end of the year. A portion of the space is now being utilized by Goodwill. Other spaces in the North Valley Plaza include a dollar store, 99 cent only store, a U.S. Navy recruiting center and a number of smaller boutiques.

Chico's downtown is a thriving area for unique, independent retail shops and restaurants. Farmers markets attract crowds on Saturday mornings and Thursday evenings. City Plaza hosts free concerts regularly during the summer. Performance venues large and small, bars, coffee shops, bookstores and city offices contribute to a lively and flavorful experience.

### Top employers

Build.com (as of April 2013) was named as No. 81 on Internet Retailer Magazine's Top 500 List of online retailers.

## Government

### Municipal

*See also: List of mayors of Chico, California*
The City of Chico is a charter city and has a council–manager government. The City of Chico's administration offices are located at 411 Main Street immediately adjacent to the City Council Chambers. Chico's city council consists of seven nonpartisan councilmembers each elected at-large in November of even-numbered years. Their terms begin on the first Tuesday in December and end on the first Tuesday in December four years thereafter. The mayor is chosen by and from among the council members and serves for two years. City council meetings are on the first and third Tuesday of each month.

The City Council appoints members of the Airport Commission, Architecture Review Board, Arts Commission, Bidwell Park and Playground Commission, and Planning Commission.

The council consists of Mayor Randall Stone, Vice Mayor Alex Brown, Ann Schwab, Sean Morgan, Karl Ory, Scott Huber and Kasey Reynolds.

### County

The citizens of Chico are represented in the Butte County Board of Supervisors by the District Two Supervisor Debra Lucero and the District Three Supervisor Tami Ritter. The County of Butte office is located in Oroville at 25 County Center Drive.

The Butte County Association of Governments office is located in Chico at 326 Huss Lane. Chico Mayor Randall Stone represents the City of Chico on the Board of Directors of the Butte County Association of Governments.

### State

The citizens of Chico, as constituents of California's 3rd Assembly District, are represented by Template:Representative in the California State Assembly, and as members of California's 4th Senate District, are represented by Template:Representative in the California State Senate.

### Federal

The citizens of Chico, as constituents of California's 1st congressional district, are represented by Template:Representative in the United States House of Representatives.

## Education

The Chico Unified School District includes all of the greater Chico area including areas not within the city limits.

### Primary education

#### Elementary

* Chapman Elementary School
* Chico Country Day School (Charter)
* Citrus Elementary School
* Cohasset Elementary School
* Emma Wilson Elementary School,
* Forest Ranch Charter School
* Hooker Oak Elementary School
* John A. McManus Elementary School
* Little Chico Creek Elementary School
* Shasta Elementary School

* Neal Dow Elementary School,
* Nord Country School
* Notre Dame Catholic School
* Chico Christian School & Preschool
* Kings Christian Elementary
* Parkview Elementary School
* Rosedale Elementary School
* Shasta Elementary School
* Sherwood Montessori Charter School
* Sierra View Elementary School
* Wildflower Open Classroom

#### Junior high (6th through 8th)

* Chico Country Day School (Charter)
* Bidwell Junior High School
* Chico Junior High School
* Henry M. "Hank" Marsh Junior High School
* Notre Dame Catholic School
* Sherwood Montessori Charter School
* Wildflower Open Classroom
* Blue Oak Charter School
* Forest Ranch Charter School

### Secondary education

#### Public

* Chico High School
* Pleasant Valley High School
* Inspire School of Arts and Sciences - charter school

In 1998, city voters approved a bond to build a third comprehensive high school that was to be called Canyon View High School. However, after a protracted search for an acceptable site, the school district opted not to build the new high school, a decision based largely on declining enrollment figures. The money from the bond is now planned to be used for improvements at Chico and Pleasant Valley high school

#### Alternative education

* Head Start (Ages 0–5)
* Academy For Change—community day school
* Fairview High School—continuation school
* Forest Ranch Charter School—a free, public K–8 charter school
* Core Butte Charter School—charter school
* Hearthstone School—charter school
* Blue Oak Charter School—a Waldorf methods public school (includes grades K through 8)
* Sherwood Montessori Charter School–a Montessori public school (grades K through 8)
* Pivot - online Charter school
* Inspire North homeschool charter - TK -12 public charter school

#### Private

* Chico Oaks Adventist School
* Notre Dame Catholic School
* Champion Christian School
* Pleasant Valley Baptist School
* Chico Christian Preschool

### Higher education

* California State University, Chico (Chico State)
* Butte College
* Cal Northern School of Law

## Culture

### Museums

The Chico Museum first opened in February 1986 in the former Carnegie Library building in downtown Chico. It currently features the only circus exhibit of its kind in the Western United States. The museum has two main galleries, which host a variety of temporary and traveling exhibits. In addition, the museum has two smaller, permanent galleries displaying the diverse history of Chico. The Chico Museum is run by the Far West Heritage Association, which also runs the Patrick Ranch Museum. The museum is free and donations are graciously accepted.

 File:F-86 Mama Inez at Chico Air Museum (2).jpg
The Chico Air Museum is an aviation museum, which opened in 2004. Several aircraft and exhibits are displayed in and adjacent to an old hangar, one of the few remaining from World War II.

The National Yo-Yo Museum is the country's largest collection of yo-yo artifacts, which also includes a 4-foot (1.2 m) tall yo-yo that is dropped with a crane every few years, the world's largest functional yo-yo. Classes are available as well for those new to yo-yo and those who just want to get better. An art museum, the Chico Art Center, is also located in the city.

Two other historical buildings are also museums. Bidwell Mansion is a Victorian house completed in 1868, and the former home of John and Annie Bidwell. Bidwell Mansion is a California State Historical Park. Stansbury House, former home of physician Oscar Stansbury, is a museum of 19th-century life, completed in 1883.

The Valene L. Smith Museum of Anthropology on the Chico State campus presents temporary exhibits researched, designed and installed primarily by students. The museum was renamed November 18, 2009, by the Chico State Board of Trustees in honor of professor emerita Valene L. Smith, whose contributions and commitments to the museum have totaled over $4.6 million. The grand opening was held on January 28, 2010. The museum is across from the main entrance of the Miriam Library, next to the Janet Turner Print Museum.

Construction started on the Gateway Science Museum (formerly the Northern California Natural History Museum) in 2008 and was completed on February 27, 2010. In the works for more than 10 years, the Gateway Science Museum is the leading center for science education and Northern California's local history, natural resources, seacoast, Sacramento Valley, and surrounding foothills and mountains.

### Art and theatre

About 40 murals and several galleries can be found in the city, including Chico Paper Company, 1078 Gallery, Avenue 9, The Space, 24-Hour Drive-By and numerous other galleries. The theatres in Chico include Blue Room Theatre, Chico Performances, Chico Theater Company, and California Regional Theatre. The California State University, Chico Theatre Department also offers a variety of entertainment throughout the school year. In 2003, author John Villani named Chico one of the top 10 Best Small Art Towns in America.

## Points of interest

 File:Bidwell Park Chico.jpg
Chico is the site of Bidwell Park, the ninth-largest municipally-owned park in the United States, Bidwell Mansion State Historic Park, the Chico University Arboretum.

Sierra Nevada Brewing Company, the largest craft brewer in the US, is based in Chico.

Chico has the tallest building north of Sacramento in California: Whitney Hall, a nine-story dormitory on the Chico State college campus.

The Meriam Library on the Chico State campus is named
after Ted Meriam. The building has more square footage than any other building in California north of Sacramento.

The State of California, Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development defines Enloe Medical Center as a General Acute Care Hospital in Chico with a Level II Trauma Center and Basic emergency care as of August 22, 2006. The facility is located at 1531 The Esplanade at (NAD83) latitude/longitude Template:Coord.

The Hooker Oak, formerly the largest Valley Oak in the world, was located at Hooker Oak Recreation Area in Bidwell Park.

Located in urban Chico, the Mechoopda Maidu Indian Tribe of Chico Rancheria is at 125 Mission Ranch Blvd.

Bidwell Municipal Golf Course, United States Department of Agriculture Plant Introduction Garden,
Canyon Oaks Golf Course, Diamond Match Factory, Chico Museum, Chico Municipal Center, Dorothy F. Johnson Neighborhood Center, Veterans Memorial Building, Craig Hall, Stansbury House, Scrappy Dog, Madison Bear Garden, Chico Creek Nature Center, Chico Community Observatory, Big Chico Creek Ecological Reserve, Chico Area Recreation and Park District, Bidwell Amphitheatre, Honey Run Covered Bridge, Senator Theatre, A. H. Chapman House, Allen-Sommer-Gage House, Patrick Ranch House, Silberstein Park Building, Pioneer Days.

## Sports

Chico is home to Nettleton Stadium (also called *The Net*) baseball stadium on the California State University campus. It is the home field for the Chico State Wildcats baseball team, in NCAA Division 2.

Chico is also home of the Silver Dollar Speedway, a race track at the Silver Dollar Fairgrounds used for sprint car racing.

Chico is one of few cities to be home to two championship baseball teams in two different leagues simultaneously. The Chico State Wildcats were champions in both the 1997 and 1999 Division II College World Series. The Chico Heat were also champions in the Western Baseball League in 1997. The Chico Outlaws were founded with the Golden Baseball League in 2005 where they also won the championship in 2007 and 2010. Starting in the summer of 2016, the Chico Heat returned as a part of the Great West League, a collegiate summer wood-bat league, until 2018 when the league folded due to financial issues from a number of other participating teams.

The Chico State Women's Rugby Club won the Collegiate Division I National Championship in 2001.

The Chico Rugby Club senior men's team won the Division III National Championship in 2002.

### Bicycling

Chico has also gained a reputation as being a bicycle-friendly city. In 1997, Chico was ranked as the number-one cycling city in the nation by *Bicycle Magazine*Template:Citation needed and also hosts the Wildflower Century, an annual 100-mile (160 km) bike ride throughout Butte County every April, put on by Chico Velo Cycling Club. The city is in the process of creating a network of bicycle paths, trails and lanes. Some notable bicycle routes include a path leading from The Esplanade to the Chico Airport, a path running from downtown to East Avenue parallel to Hwy 32 along the railroad, a path along Park Avenue continuing down the Midway toward Durham, a path following Little Chico Creek from Bruce Road to Route 99, and a series of paths throughout Bidwell Park, and the Steve Harrison Memorial Bike Path, which bypasses Skyway and takes riders out to Honey Run Road.

### Former sports organizations

Chico is the former home of the Chico Rooks (soccer), the Chico Heat (baseball – Western Baseball League), and Chico Outlaws (baseball - Golden Baseball League).

## Agriculture

Almonds are the number one crop in Chico and the surrounding area, only recently edging out rice. Other crops in the area include walnuts, kiwis, olives, peaches, and plums.

The city is bounded on the west by orchards with thousands of almond trees, and there are still a few pockets of orchards remaining within the contiguous city limits. The trees bloom with a pink/white flower in late February or early March. Millions of bees are brought in for the pollination. The nuts are harvested in late August. Template:Citation needed

Walnuts are also a major agricultural production in the area north and west of town. Unlike the almond crops of the area, walnuts do not have the same appeal as they do not bloom in the spring. However, the trees themselves grow much larger, live longer, and are far more resilient to harsh weather than almond trees, which are known to be sensitive to frost and can be felled easily in winter storms. Walnuts in the area are harvested following the almond harvest season, beginning in mid to late September and stretching well into October. The walnut variety Chico is named after the city.

There are several farmers' markets held in Chico:

* Chico Certified Farmer's Market every Saturday morning (year-round) from 7 am until 1 pm at the Wall Street public parking lot on 2nd and Wall Streets.
* Saturday mornings, May through November 7:30 am to Noon at the North Valley Plaza;
* Thursday night market with a street-fair atmosphere is sponsored by the Downtown Chico Business Association from 6–9 p.m. each Thursday night during warm months in downtown Chico on Broadway, between 2nd and 5th Streets;

In June 2014, the Thursday night Chico farmers market was named one of the top 9 farmers markets to eat at in Northern California.`

## Transportation

### Air

Chico Municipal Airport serves the area and is north of the city limits. It was served by United Airlines' United Express flights operated by SkyWest Airlines nonstop to San Francisco (SFO). Commercial passenger flights were discontinued by SkyWest on December 2, 2014 due to nonviability as indicated by United Airlines in June 2014. The city administration is trying to restore air service which would be provided by alternate airlines. On July 31, 1961, the first-ever aircraft hijacking on United States soil occurred at the Chico Municipal Airport. Two men were critically wounded and the hijacker was sentenced to more than 30 years in prison.

In the early 1980s, the airport was the home base and headquarters for Pacific Express, a scheduled passenger airline that served Chico with British Aircraft Corporation BAC One-Eleven twin jets. From 1962 to 2010, the airport was also home to Aero Union, a company that refitted and operated surplus military aircraft such as the Lockheed P-3 Orion turboprop as fire fighting aircraft for state and federal agencies until their move to McClellan Airfield, near Sacramento.

Another local airfield is Ranchaero Airport which is surrounded by orchards on the west edge of Chico.

An altitude record for unmanned gas balloons was set in Chico in October 1972 (51.8 km or 32.2 mi). The record was broken on May 23, 2002.

### Land

Amtrak operates the Chico Amtrak station at Fifth and Orange Streets for the Coast Starlight service. The terminal is partially wheelchair accessible, has an enclosed waiting area, public restrooms, public pay phones, free short-term and long-term parking. Trains run between Seattle and Los Angeles with a northbound, and a southbound train departing from the station daily. The Greyhound bus station is also located at Fifth and Orange Streets.

The B-Line (Butte Regional Transit) serves the Chico Urban area with eight routes operating Monday through Saturday and two shuttle routes for Chico State students during the academic year. It also serves the Chico urban area with nine modified vans providing transportation for the elderly and the mobility impaired seven days a week. The transit center in Chico is located at Second and Salem Streets.

Uber and Lyft are used extensively, especially by students and trips to Sacramento International Airport.

Chico is a gold level bicycle-friendly community as designated by the League of American Bicyclists. Chico was also named "America's Best Bike Town" by *Bicycle* magazine in 1997.

Pedicabs are commonly available downtown during the evenings.

### Major highways

File:California 99.svg State Route 99 and File:California 32.svg State Route 32 intersect in Chico.

## Media

### Print

* Chico Enterprise-Record
* Chico News & Review
* The Orion
* Videomaker Magazine

### Broadcast

#### Television

* KCVU-TV Channel 20 (Fox)
* KHSL-TV Channel 12 (CBS)
* KNVN-TV Channel 24 (NBC)
* KRCR-TV Channel 7 (ABC)

#### Radio

* KBQB (FM) 92.7
* KCEZ (FM) 102.1
* KCHO (FM) 91.7
* KPAY-FM 93.9

* KHSL-FM 103.5
* KMXI (FM) 95.1
* KPAY 1290
* KZSZ 107.5

* KTHU (FM) 100.7
* KZAP (FM) 96.7
* KZFR (FM) 90.1

## Sister cities

* Template:Country data ROCTemplate:Namespace detect showall – Tamsui, Taipei, Taiwan 1985
* Template:Country data USTemplate:Namespace detect showall – Pascagoula, Mississippi (U.S.) 2005

## Defense

Chico was designated to be the provisional capital of California, in the event that a disaster occurred that would cause evacuation of Sacramento after a Civil Defense exercise named Operation Chico was deemed a success.

No person shall produce, test, maintain, or store within the city a nuclear weapon, component of a nuclear weapon, nuclear weapon delivery system, or component of a nuclear weapon delivery system under penalty of Chapter 9.60.030 of the Chico Municipal Code.

## Notable people

* Aaron Rodgers, quarterback, Super Bowl champion and 2-time NFL MVP
* Rebecca Merritt Smith Leonard Austin, botanist
* Emily Azevedo, Olympian, world champion in bobsled
* John Bidwell, pioneer and founder of Chico
* Annie Bidwell, civil rights leader
* Joseph Bottom, swimmer, Olympic silver medalist, NCAA and world champion
* Lisa Butts, national team player, women's rugby
* Bill Carter, documentary film maker, author
* Raymond Carver, writer
* Eugene A. Chappie, politician
* Pat Clements, professional baseball pitcher
* Edwin Copeland, botanist, founder University of the Philippines Los Banos College of Agriculture
* Clay Dalrymple, professional baseball catcher
* Leslie Deniz, Olympic silver medalist in discus
* Amanda Detmer, actress
* Big Poppa E, slam poet
* Pat Gillick, executive in Baseball Hall of Fame
* Ken Grossman, founder, Sierra Nevada Brewing Company
* Jerry Harris, sculptor
* Russell Hayden, actor
* Joseph Hilbe, Chico State University graduate, author, professor, statistician
* Marty James, musician
* Mat Kearney, musician
* Adnan Khashoggi, billionaire businessman
* Kurt Kitayama, professional golfer
* Janja Lalich, author, professor, sociologist
* Harold Lang, dancer and actor
* Major Ted W. Lawson, U.S Army Air Forces pilot
* Kyle Lohse, MLB pitcher, 2011 World Series champion
* Pat Mastelotto, musician
* Michael Messner, notable author, sociologist
* The Mother Hips, musical artists
* Joe Nelson, professional baseball player
* William Morris, glass artist
* Matt Olmstead, writer and producer
* Andranik Ozanian, Armenian general and activist
* Pete Parada, professional musician, drummer for The Offspring
* Kathleen Patterson, politician
* Michael Perelman, author, economist, professor
* Jackson Pollock, abstract expressionist painter
* Ed Rollins, political consultant
* Jason Ross, TV writer
* Lisa Kelly, radio personality
* Carolyn S. Shoemaker, astronomer
* Mike Sherrard, professional football player, Super Bowl XXIV champion
* Robert C. Stebbins, herpetologist and illustrator
* Jeff Stover, professional football player
* Mike Thompson, politician
* Douglas Tilden, sculptor
* Niki Tsongas, politician, widow of Paul Tsongas
* Muddy Waters, coach in College Football Hall of Fame
* Bill Wattenburg, scientist, radio talk show host
* Don Young, politician
* Ashley Everett, dancer, lead backup dancer and dance captain for Beyoncé
* Jordan Rodgers, SEC Network sportscaster

## See also

Template:Portal

* College town

## References

1. ↑ "About". City of Chico. http://www.chico.ca.us/about/. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
2. ↑ "California Cities by Incorporation Date" (Word). California Association of Local Agency Formation Commissions. Archived from the original on November 3, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141103002921/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities\_by\_incorp\_date.doc. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
3. ↑ "City Manager". City of Chico, CA. http://www.chico.ca.us/city\_manager/home\_page.asp. Retrieved February 7, 2019.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Senators". State of California. http://senate.ca.gov/senators. Retrieved March 20, 2013.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Members Assembly". State of California. http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers. Retrieved March 20, 2013.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "City Council - Government". City of Chico. http://www.chico.ca.us/city\_council/home\_page.asp. Retrieved February 7, 2019.
7. ↑ "2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2016\_Gazetteer/2016\_gaz\_place\_06.txt. Retrieved Jul 19, 2017.
8. ↑ Template:Cite GNIS
9. ↑ "Chico (city) QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0613014.html. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `USCensusEst2018`
11. ↑ "ZIP Code(tm) Lookup". United States Postal Service. https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupAction!input.action. Retrieved November 20, 2014.
12. ↑ "The 100 Largest City Parks". The Trust for Public Land. Archived from the original on March 26, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090326221758/http://www.tpl.org/content\_documents/ccpe\_100LargestCityParks.pdf.
13. ↑ "2010 Tree City USA Communities". *arborday.org*. Arbor Day Foundation. http://www.arborday.org/programs/treeCityUSA/map.cfm. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
14. ↑ Template:Cite book
15. ↑ Template:Cite journal
16. ↑ James W. Loewen. "Chico, CA". *Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism*. http://sundown.afro.illinois.edu/sundowntownsshow.php?id=1070. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
17. ↑ Chico: A 20th century Pictoral History (1995)
18. ↑ "Brewers Association Releases Top 50 Breweries of 2016". Brewers Association. March 15, 2017. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
19. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
20. ↑ "News and talk tops in overall local radio market". March 10, 2006. http://www.chicoer.com/article/zz/20090317/NEWS/903179784. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
21. ↑ "Chico Facts". *csuchico.edu*. California State University, Chico. http://www.csuchico.edu/pa/chico-facts.shtml. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
22. ↑ "Chico, CA". *CNNMoney.com*. Time Warner. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/moneymag/bplive/2006/snapshots/PL0613014.html. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
23. ↑ "All about Chico: Facts and figures for where you are" (4 November 2004). Retrieved on November 4, 2011.
24. ↑ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Chico city". U.S. Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0613014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
25. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on September 11, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
26. ↑ "Chico, California". City-Data. http://www.city-data.com/city/Chico-California.html. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
27. ↑ Announcement (2012-05-14). "Internet Retailer Magazine's Top 500 List of online retailers". Internet Retailer. http://www.internetretailer.com/top500/profiles/Build-com-Inc/#Build-com-Inc.
28. ↑ Template:Cite GovTrack
29. ↑ "Home page". Sherwood Montessori Charter School. http://www.sherwoodmontessori.org. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
30. ↑ "Squarespace - Claim This Domain". http://www.chicochristian.org. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
31. ↑ Museums & Historic Buildings Chico city website Template:Webarchive
32. ↑ "Valene L. Smith Museum of Anthropology Has Grand Opening Jan. 28 Highlighting New Exhibit: Living On Top Of The World: Arctic Adaptation, Survival And Stewardship". *CSU, Chico News*. California State University, Chico. http://news.csuchico.edu/2010/01/13/valene-l-smith-museum-of-anthropology-has-grand-opening-jan-28-highlighting-new-exhibit-living-on-top-of-the-world-arctic-adaptation-survival-and-stewardship/. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
33. ↑ "Home". Gateway Science Museum. http://www.gatewayscience.org. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
34. ↑ "Arts & Culture". *Visitor Information*. City of Chico. Archived from the original on October 12, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111012025458/http://chicochamber.com/visitor/arts\_culture. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
35. ↑ "Upcoming shows". JMAX Productions. http://www.senatortheatrechico.com/. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
36. ↑ "Chico Heat Return to Nettleton Stadium", Chico Enterprise-Record (25 November 2014). Retrieved on 3 December 2014.
37. ↑ "Harvest Time". California Walnut Co.. https://www.californiawalnutcompany.com/harvest-time/. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
38. ↑ "Ten new walnut varieties released". California Agriculture. http://calag.ucanr.edu/download\_pdf.cfm?article=ca.v022n04p8. Retrieved April 1, 1968.
39. ↑ "9 must-eat farmers markets in Northern California". http://matadornetwork.com/trips/9-must-eat-farmers-markets-northern-california/. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
40. ↑ Chico Municipal Airport official website
41. ↑ Chico: A 20th century Pictorial History
42. ↑ Welter, Greg (July 31, 2006). "First U.S. skyjacking attempt was in Chico, 45 years ago". Retrieved on November 4, 2011.
43. ↑ "Beyond Platinum". League of American Bicyclists. 2013. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130115072650/http://www.bikeleague.org/programs/bicyclefriendlyamerica/communities/beyond\_platinum.php. Retrieved 2013-05-12.
44. ↑ Sheckter, Alan (October 28, 2007). "Chico considers establishing permanent sister city guidelines". Retrieved on November 4, 2011. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011.
45. ↑ Gascoyne, Tom (October 27, 2005). "Chico gets a Southern sister". Retrieved on November 4, 2011.
46. ↑ News From Our Past, Chico ER, Dec 6, 2008
47. ↑ "library.amlegal.com". http://library.amlegal.com/nxt/gateway.dll/California/chico\_ca/title9publicpeacesafetyandmorals/divisionixnuclearweapons/chapter960nuclearfreezonelaw?f=templates$fn=altmain-nf.htm$3.0. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
48. ↑ Resnick, Carla (January 6, 2005). "Bench marks: The city of Chico's latest public-art projects combine form and function". Retrieved on November 4, 2011.

## External links

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