Uyghur genocide

## **Uyghur Genocide, Concentration Camps, and oppression resources**

**(Resources will be in multiple categories as applicable)**

### **Uyghur Testimonials**

* Uyghur Pulse (A large collection of Uyghur testimonials read by Volunteers) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxtHBfWaWYQPNgfvdvSDn4A/videos
* Xinjiang VIctims Database: https://shahit.biz/eng/
* Xinjiang Victims Database “Primary Evidence Report: https://shahit.biz/primrep.php
* Uyghur Transitional Justice Database: https://www.utjd.org
* Talking About Xinjiang https://www.talkaboutxinjiang.com
* “Gene Bunin of Xinjiang Victim Database & Uyghur Pulse, on The Xinjiang Genocide: As Armenian and Jewish founders of Asia Art Tours,  we are keenly aware of the pain and suffering of Genocide. Right now, the genocide in Xinjiang is one of the most urgent crises the world must face. To shine light on this mass atrocity, I spoke to the founder of the Xinjiang Victim Database, and Uyghur Pulse – Gene Bunin. Gene’s platforms are essential in documenting the Genocide of Xinjiang.” https://asiaarttours.com/interview-gene-bunin-of-xinjiang-victim-database-and-uyghur-pulse-on-documenting-and-stopping-the-xinjiang-genocide/
* “Interpreting Witness Statements from the Uyghur Genocid The undercover reporter asked, ‘Do Uyghurs feel their human rights are being violated?’ And the reply was, ‘They don’t have human rights. It’s not about violation. They just don’t have human rights.’”  by Rahima Mahmut https://www.societyandspace.org/articles/interpreting-witness-statements-from-the-uyghur-genocide
* “Weather Reports: Voices from Xinjiang” by Ben Mauk https://believermag.com/weather-reports-voices-from-xinjiang/
* “‘Truth and reconciliation’: Excerpts from the Xinjiang Clubhouse” by Darren Byler (archived comments from a Clubhouse room moderated by Uyghurs themselves and offering a rare opportunity to talk about their oppression without censorship, it has since been shut down by the state) https://supchina.com/2021/03/03/truth-and-reconciliation-excerpts-from-the-xinjiang-clubhouse/
* “July 5, 2009: The day I became a second-class citizen” by Zumretay Arkin https://hongkongfp.com/2020/07/05/july-5-2009-the-day-i-became-a-second-class-citizen-in-china/
* “The Imprisonment of the ‘Model Villagers’ For the family of sisters Nursiman and Nur’iman, a local work brigade placed a small red plaque with five stars on it to the front gate of their house. The stars stood for “patriotism, honesty, education, hygiene, and harmony.” But in the end, that didn’t stop the sisters’ parents and brother from being sent to jail for reasons that remain murky to this day.” by Darren Byler https://livingotherwise.com/2020/08/10/the-imprisonment-of-the-model-villagers/
* “Uighur doctor tells ITV News of disturbing testimonies of 'forced abortions and removal of wombs' in China” by Emma Murphy https://www.itv.com/news/2020-09-02/uighur-doctor-tells-itv-news-of-disturbing-testimonies-of-forced-abortions-and-removal-of-wombs
* “Muslim women ‘sterilised’ in China detention camps, say former detainees: ‘It’s like we were just a piece of meat,’ says Gulbahar Jalilova” by Peter Stubley https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/uighur-muslim-china-sterilisation-women-internment-camps-xinjiang-a9054641.html
* “Abortions, IUDs and sexual humiliation: Muslim women who fled China for Kazakhstan recount ordeals” by Amie Ferris-Rotman https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia\_pacific/abortions-iuds-and-sexual-humiliation-muslim-women-who-fled-china-for-kazakhstan-recount-ordeals/2019/10/04/551c2658-cfd2-11e9-a620-0a91656d7db6\_story.html
* “My wife was detained, released, and disappeared again in China. Here's my message on behalf of my people, the Uighurs.” by Mamutjan Abdurehim *https://www.businessinsider.com.au/uighur-china-father-mamutjan-abdurehim-wife-detained-ordeal-2020-7*
* “A Poem for My Father Who Stayed In His Grave Only 623 Days: The Chinese government said this was done in order to modernize us, but their true aim was to destroy Uyghur ethnic, cultural and religious identities. I felt as if my father’s body had been brutally torn out of its resting place in our ancestors’ land.” by Aziz Isa Elkun https://www.societyandspace.org/articles/a-poem-for-my-father
* Photographic evidence of Mosque destruction using google maps compiled by a Uyghur man whose Father was detained finding that “about 30% of Mosques (about 5000) were completely demolished. 80% of domes and towers were demolished/removed from Mosques and other architecture in XUAR.” (includes photos) https://www.uyghurism.com/culturalgenocide
* “Revealed: new evidence of China's mission to raze the mosques of Xinjiang” by Lily Kuo https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/07/revealed-new-evidence-of-chinas-mission-to-raze-the-mosques-of-xinjiang
* “Uighur Woman Tells Dutch Newspaper She Shared Leaked Chinese Government Documents: A Uighur woman in the Netherlands has claimed that she was one of the sources of documents used as part of the China Cables investigation.” by Fergus Sheil https://www.icij.org/investigations/china-cables/uighur-woman-tells-dutch-newspaper-she-shared-leaked-chinese-government-documents/
* “Watch: A voice for Xinjiang detainees: Zumrat Dawut, a Uighur woman who spent time in one of China’s detention camps, speaks about her experience on behalf of those still in camps. ‘Now I have the chance. And I choose to be their voice.’” by Scilla Alecci https://www.icij.org/investigations/china-cables/watch-a-voice-for-xinjiang-detainees/
* “Kazakh court frees woman who fled Chinese re-education camp: Sayragul Sauytbay said during trial she had worked at ‘prison in the mountains’ in Xinjiang: Sayragul Sauytbay said during trial she had worked at ‘prison in the mountains’ in Xinjiang” by Lily Kuo https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/01/kazakh-court-frees-woman-who-fled-chinese-re-education-camp
* Select table of victim and relative testimony from Woke Global Times (categorized by type of abuse):  https://wokeglobaltimes.com/3938794a3c104988aac59227336e1a46
* “‘They screamed like babies’: Uyghur prisoner describes abuse in Xinjiang: In one of the most detailed accounts from a Uyghur prisoner in Xinjiang to date, the fashion model Merdan Ghappar leaked video and text describing his detention, including instances of torture that he witnessed. Ghappar’s account shows that even well-integrated Uyghurs are being targeted, and that arbitrary detentions have continued into 2020.” by lucas Niewenhuis https://supchina.com/2020/08/05/they-screamed-like-babies-uyghur-prisoner-describes-abuse-in-xinjiang/
* More on this story: “China Uighurs: A model's video gives a rare glimpse inside internment” https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-53650246
* “'Our souls are dead': how I survived a Chinese 're-education' camp for Uighurs: After 10 years living in France, I returned to China to sign some papers and I was locked up. For the next two years, I was systematically dehumanised, humiliated and brainwashed” by Gulbahar Haitiwaji with Rozenn Morgat https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/12/uighur-xinjiang-re-education-camp-china-gulbahar-haitiwaji
* “China treats Uighur kids as ‘orphans’ after parents seized” by Yanan Wang and Dake Kang https://apnews.com/article/903a97b7c62a47b98553b6f422827dd7
* “What They Saw: Ex-Prisoners Detail The Horrors Of China's Detention Camps” by Alison Killing and Megha Rajagopalan https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/alison\_killing/china-ex-prisoners-horrors-xinjiang-camps-uighurs
* “She survived a Chinese internment camp and made it to Virginia. Will the U.S. let her stay?” By Emily Rauhala and and Anna Fifield (includes mention of forced sterilization) https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/11/17/she-survived-chinese-internment-camp-made-it-virginia-will-us-let-her-stay/?arc404=true
* “Making the Xinjiang authorities dance: 40 examples of publicized cases” (covers 40 publicized cases and the state response) https://livingotherwise.com/2019/05/17/making-xinjiang-authorities-dance-40-examples-generally-positive-outcomes-publicized-cases/
* “I am an Uighur who faced China’s concentration camps. This is my story.” interview by Victor Jack with Ӧmir Bekali https://www.varsity.co.uk/interviews/19990
* “Ferkat Jawdat is risking everything to speak out about China’s crackdown on Uyghurs (covers being labeled a terrorist and the threats on his family for speaking out, also covers his mother’s detention) https://nuvoices.com/2020/07/13/ferkat-jawdat-is-risking-everything-to-speak-out-about-chinas-crackdown-on-uyghurs/
* “How the “Happiest Muslims in the World” are Coping with Their Happiness” by Gene A. Bunin (covers the emotional responses of uyghur people to their oppression including mass depression and dissociation, gallows humor, religious devotion, and hyper-normalization) https://livingotherwise.com/2018/07/31/happiest-muslims-world-coping-happiness/
* “The Elephant in the XUAR: I. Entire families sentenced” by Gene A Bunin (covers collective punishment of families as a pattern) https://livingotherwise.com/2020/12/09/the-elephant-in-the-xuar-i-entire-families-sentenced/
* “‘We’re a people destroyed’: why Uighur Muslims across China are living in fear: Gene A Bunin has spent the past 18 months talking to Uighur restaurant workers all over China. These conversations reveal how this Muslim minority feel the daily threat of arrest, detention and ‘re-education’” by Gene A Bunin https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/aug/07/why-uighur-muslims-across-china-are-living-in-fear
* “‘We Are Afraid to Even Look for Them’ Enforced Disappearances in the Wake of Xinjiang’s Protests” (“This 44-page report documents the enforced disappearances of 43 Uighur men and teenage boys who were detained by Chinese security forces in the wake of the protests.”) https://www.hrw.org/report/2009/10/20/we-are-afraid-even-look-them/enforced-disappearances-wake-xinjiangs-protests
* “Uighurs forced to eat pork as China expands Xinjiang pig farms: Former detainees claim that the forcible feeding of pork is most rampant in re-education camps and detention centres.” by By Ted Regencia https://www.aljazeera.com/author/ted\_regencia\_201281121442856892
* “Muslims forced to drink alcohol and eat pork in China’s ‘re-education’ camps, former inmate claims'The psychological pressure is enormous when you have to criticise yourself, denounce your thinking,' says detainee” by Gerry Shih and Dake Kang https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/china-re-education-muslims-ramadan-xinjiang-eat-pork-alcohol-communist-xi-jinping-a8357966.html
* “Uighur Muslim teacher tells of forced sterilisation in Xinjiang: Chinese government threatened woman when she resisted in move to suppress Muslim minority birth rates” By Emma Graham-Harrison and Lily Kuo https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/04/muslim-minority-teacher-50-tells-of-forced-sterilisation-in-xinjiang-china
* “Ex-Detainee Describes Torture In China's Xinjiang Re-Education Camp” by Rob Schmitz https://www.npr.org/2018/11/13/666287509/ex-detainee-describes-torture-in-chinas-xinjiang-re-education-camp
* “'Illegal Superstition': China Jails Muslims For Practicing Islam, Relatives Say” by Emily Feng https://www.npr.org/2019/10/08/764153179/china-has-begun-moving-xinjiang-muslim-detainees-to-formal-prisons-relatives-say
* “Reeducation Time: A Decade Of Stories Of Loss In Xinjiang” by Darren Byler https://livingotherwise.com/2020/01/01/reeducation-time-a-decade-of-stories-of-loss-in-xinjiang/
* “As if you’ve spent your whole life in prison’: Starving and subdued in Xinjiang detention centers: When Chinese state authorities prepared to release Gulbahar Jelil, an ethnic Uyghur woman born and raised in Kazakhstan, they told her that she was forbidden to tell anyone about what she had experienced over the one year, three months, and 10 days in which she was detained… She didn’t listen.” by Darren Byler https://supchina.com/2018/12/05/starving-and-subdued-in-xinjiang-detention-centers/
* “‘Will they let us live?’ Inside Xinjiang, survivors of China’s internment camps speak” By Alice Su https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-12-17/china-xinjiang-uighurs-muslim-minority-camps
* “How I Escaped China’s War on Uyghurs: A poet from China’s persecuted Uyghur community recalls filling out the government form” by Tahir Hamut Izgil (A story of a uyghur refugee about lying about not being religious to avoid persecution on a form in which “People fell into three categories: red for those deemed ‘dangerous,’ yellow for ‘suspicious,’ and blue for merely ‘untrustworthy.’”) https://newlinesmag.com/first-person/a-form-in-xinjiang/
* “Uighur Poets on Repression and Exile: It is precisely because of poetry’s power in Uighur culture that these three poets, along with nearly every other prominent Uighur intellectual, disappeared more than two years ago into China’s internment camps.” by Joshua L. Freeman https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2020/08/13/uighur-poets-on-repression-and-exile/
* “Inside Xinjiang’s Prison State: Survivors of China’s campaign of persecution reveal the scope of the devastation.” By Ben Mauk, Artwork by Matt Huynh https://www.newyorker.com/news/a-reporter-at-large/china-xinjiang-prison-state-uighur-detention-camps-prisoner-testimony

### **Statements and Reports from the Chinese State (Leaked or otherwise):**

* **“**Full transcript: Interview with Xinjiang government chief on counterterrorism, vocational education and training in Xinjiang” (in this interview he discusses how people accused of minor offenses are detained but may be made to do labor instead of punishment) by Xinhua http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-10/16/c\_137535821.htm
* “Xinjiang's Party chief wages 'people's war' against terrorism” from Xinhua https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2014-05/26/content\_17541318.htm
* “Official court document, as used in court proceedings in the People's Republic of China.” (original documents and translation of Ismayil Sidiq, a Uyghur man, who was sentenced to 10 years in prison only five days after his arrest and has been sentenced to an additional 11 years for a combination of doing night prayers, going to the bathroom to perform ablution, and saying “Are you all Uyghurs? Uyghurs like to report other Uyghurs like this?” after being reported on by a fellow detainee for which he was accused of “inciting ethnic hatred and discrimination”) https://shahit.biz/eng/viewentry.php?entryno=13566
	+ Archive of original document (in Chinese): https://archive.vn/AOK26
* (In Chinese) 识别宗教极端活动（75种具体表现）基础知识 (Auto Translate: Identify the basic knowledge of religious extreme activities 75 specific manifestations) hosted by the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Committee United Front Work Department (extremely broad and many open to interpretation reasons to label someone an extremist include resisting, opposing, or refusal to obey current policy, wearing religious clothing, practicing Halal for things besides just food, closing a restaurant on Ramadan, Storing or buying a large amount of food, quitting drinking or smoking, fleeing ones home, gathering with too many people, going to religious ceremonies in other villages or internationally “without proper reason,” wearing or displaying explicitly star and moon symbols or patterns, cultural exchanges teaching Turkish, Urdu, or Arabic, praying collectively anywhere besides a mosque, purchasing gym equipment,  maps, compasses, binoculars, ropes, tents and other items “without proper reason,” reading or owning illegal religious or political books, ebooks, and materials, Using satellites or radio to watch or listen to foreign broadcasts, conducting religious ceremonies without consent of “patriotic religious groups,” going on a unorganized Hajj, and Performing religious marriages or divorces without state approval)  https://archive.vn/XLxqi
* “Suppression of Birthrates” includes data and charts including on the massive increase of sterilizations in Xinjiang compared to a decrease in the rest of china, see the “Population, Birth-rate, and Other Data” section (Note: this corrects errors in Zenz reporting while still providing damning evidence directly from the Chinese state)  https://wokeglobaltimes.com/d4b7ba7e7ed746f78ef2c6100464f6fa
	+ (in chinese) 关于印发《且末县2018年度违法生育专项治理工作实施方案》的通知(Auto translate: Notice on Issuing the Implementation Plan for the Special Treatment of Illegal Childbirth in Qiemo County in 2018) notes that women who had illegal children were required to undergo reeducation and contraceptive measures: “二）违法多生育两个以上子女的，除按照新修订《新疆维吾尔自治区人口与计划生育条例》相关规定逐胎加倍征收社会抚养费外，同时采取长效节育措施并进行职业技能教育培训” (translated from: https://wokeglobaltimes.com/d4b7ba7e7ed746f78ef2c6100464f6fa) “For those who have more than two children illegally, in addition to doubling the social maintenance fee for each child in accordance with the relevant provisions of the newly revised "Regulations on Population and Family Planning of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region", long-term birth control measures and vocational skills education and training are also to be enacted.” Archive: http://archive.is/TKjX8#selection-1539.2-1543.85
	+ (In Chinese) 关于印发《尼勒克县流动人口计划生育双向服务管理办法》的通知 (Auto Translate: Notice on Printing and Distributing the "Management Measures for Two-way Family Planning Services for Floating Population in Nilek County" contains similar sections: “公安机关对相关人员进行集中教育，促使政策外怀孕人员终止妊娠、违法生育人员缴纳社会抚养费，对拒绝、阻碍计划生育工作人员依法执行公务构成违法行为的，加大打击力度” (translated from: https://wokeglobaltimes.com/d4b7ba7e7ed746f78ef2c6100464f6fa “For these reasons, the public security organs shall initiate concentrated education, induce\* [can mean urge, induce, promote, etc.] those who are pregnant outside policy to terminate their pregnancy, and induce those who illegally give birth to pay social support fees. [Public security organs shall] intensify the crackdown on those who refuse or hinder family planning staff from performing their official duties in accordance with the law.” Archive: http://archive.is/8rqCE#selection-1855.0-1871.137
	+ (In Chinese) “加强孕前型管理 提高妇幼健康和计划生育技术服务工作水平的实施方案” (Auto Translated: “Implementation plan for strengthening pre-pregnancy management and improving maternal and child health and family planning technical services”) a report for the Bayingol Commission of Health in 2018 mentions women being highly resistant to the IUDs: “育龄妇女对计划生育各项政策不了解，对“查环、查孕、查病”服务抵触情绪大，存在“怕、厌、躲”的现象” (translated from: https://wokeglobaltimes.com/d4b7ba7e7ed746f78ef2c6100464f6fa “Women of childbearing age do not understand various policies on family planning, and are highly resistant to the services of "checking for an IUD, checking for pregnancy, and checking for disease disease", and there is "fear, disgust, and evasion" but despite this stipulates “确保长效避孕措施落实率75%以上” (translated from same source) “Ensure that the implementation rate of long-term contraceptive measures exceeds 75%” Archive: http://archive.is/m06Jg#selection-161.0-161.2
	+ (In Chinese) “新疆的人口问题及人口政策分析” "An Analysis of Xinjiang Population Problems and Population Policy" by Li Xiaoxia in the Journal of the Central Institute of Socialism, a periodical managed by the United Front Work Department of the CCP ties the resistance to forced IUDs to “extremism and ethnic separatism” (pg. 25).Archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20190727045107/http:/www.shehui.pku.edu.cn/upload/editor/file/20180829/20180829171343\_5582.pdf
		- Notes: from: https://wokeglobaltimes.com/d4b7ba7e7ed746f78ef2c6100464f6fa
		- “Li 2020 avoids any mention of "vocational training centers," i.e., the mass internment/reeducation facilities, nor of (likely forced) labor transfer schemes or imprisonment in Xinjiang”
		- “as the data in Section I from the World Bank and Mitchell clearly demonstrates, for the last half century or so declines in birth rates among developing countries almost never reach what has been seen in Xinjiang since 2017. We can also turn to Li's 2017 paper, where she notes that birthrates in Xinjiang have indeed declined significantly—over the space of several decades”
		- “Li selectively leaves out newer data when she reiterates the above statistics in her 2020 essay. Government statistics show the Uyghur birthrates have been below replacement level since the mid-2000s. (Populations can keep growing for a generation or so after this occurs”
		- “Li selectively leaves out newer data when she reiterates the above statistics in her 2020 essay. Government statistics show the Uyghur birthrates have been below replacement level since the mid-2000s”
		- “Xinjiang's 2010 census shows a fertility rate of 1.53 in 2010 (chart 6-4 on page 1823), far too low to justify birth control policy” source: https://shahit.biz/yearbooks/2010%20Census%20(3).pdf
		- “With the sole exception of Turpan, all prefectures and prefecture-level cities in Xinjiang had fertility rates below 2.0. This means that birth control measures had already been strictly implemented and "mindsets" had already "changed" in Xinjiang well before 2017. There is no reason to believe birth control policy in Xinjiang is suddenly being implemented more stringently just as a matter of "reasonable" family planning concerns. The goal is to reduce the number of Uyghurs.”
* “China’s Communist Party Hardens Rhetoric on Islam: Regional Chinese Officals make repeated warnings about threat of religious ‘extremism’ during meeting in beijing” (includes a favorable comparison to Trump’s muslim ban) https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/3/12/chinas-communist-party-hardens-rhetoric-on-islam
* “China defends its ‘vocational training centres’ in Xinjiang white paper: It claims regional government organised ‘employment-oriented training’ and labour skills for nearly 1.3 million workers a year from 2014 to 2019 Beijing faces mounting criticism from Western countries and human rights groups over its policies in the far western region” by Mimi Lau and Linda Lew https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3101986/china-claims-vocational-training-given-nearly-13-million-people
* “The 2017 Xinjiang De-extremiﬁcation Regulations” (coverage and translation of the “Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region De-extremiﬁcation Regulations” demonstrating how broad the definition of extremism is, including Growing your beard too long ("abnormally"), Wearing niqāb of your own accord, Naming your child Mohammad (Sharing any content the state, through its extremely broad and vague definition of extremism, finds objectionable, Saying something interpreted by the state as extremist to others, and Protesting any of these policies you find objectionable. https://wokeglobaltimes.com/33a959dd06214e1f9d1be3dfaef2b4e2
	+ Archived here (in Chinese): https://web.archive.org/web/20180518073906/http://www.xinjiang.gov.cn/2017/03/30/128831.html
	+ Coverage of the 2018 version of the same law which includes “rejecting or refusing public goods and services such as radio and television,” “ Generalizing the concept of Halal," Wearing, or compelling others to wear, burqas with face coverings, or to bear symbols of extremification,” “Spreading religious fanaticism through irregular beards or name selection” “Failing to perform the legal formalities in marrying or divorcing by religious methods” (which as another article in this lists points out includes a mandate to have party cadre at your wedding) and various forms of resistance to these policies as justification for detention. https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/decision-to-revise-the-xinjiang-uighur-autonomous-region-regulation-on-de-extremification/
* “The ‘Four Togethers’ and ‘Three Gifts’ Handbook” (contains the original documents and translations) https://xinjiang.sppga.ubc.ca/policy-documents/government-sources/cadre-materials/the-four-togethers-and-three-gifts-handbook/
* “‘Hundred Questions and Hundred Examples’: Cadre Handbooks in the Fanghuiju Campaign” (Contains original documents and translations) https://xinjiang.sppga.ubc.ca/policy-documents/government-sources/cadre-materials/cadre-handbooks/
* “Study explains population change in Xinjiang” by Xinhau (this is a propagandistic depiction of what is occurring, it reads as open eugenics) http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-01/07/c\_139649763.htm
* “Qiu 2017: Early Chinese research on mass internment” (A 2017 study published by Qiu Yuanyuan, a researcher at the Xinjiang Party School, a party institution, "Closely Center upon the Main Goal—Do the Job of 'De-extremification' Transformation through Education Well" (紧紧围绕总目标 做好“去极端化”教育转化工作), and which has since been deleted, details that “Before their training, 67.6% were unable to recognize their mistakes” (aka slightly over two thirds didn’t know why they were detained in the first place) and the need to “enact regular inspections for hidden dangers to discover them in time and block up risky cracks so as to ensure the absolute safety of the facilities and people therein” (aka focusing on minor offenses)  https://wokeglobaltimes.com/d6ebe9d76e81451bbe3f2145fc4fed32
* “China’s Concentration Camps For Uyghurs: In China’s Own Words” by the Communist Party of India Marxist leninist https://www.cpiml.net/liberation/2020/08/chinas-concentration-camps-for-uyghurs-in-chinas-own-words
	+ Direct link to the white pater linked and mentioned in the article “The Fight Against Terrorism and Extremism and Human Rights Protection in Xinjiang” http://english.www.gov.cn/archive/white\_paper/2019/03/18/content\_281476567813306.htm
* “Chinese gov’t figures show sharp decline in Xinjiang birth rate amid mounting claims of Uighur ‘genocide’” by Rhoda Kwan https://hongkongfp.com/2021/02/25/chinese-govt-figures-show-sharp-decline-in-xinjiang-birth-rate-amid-mounting-claims-of-uighur-genocide/
* “Revealed: Massive Chinese Police Database: Millions of Leaked Police Files Detail Suffocating Surveillance of China’s Uyghur Minority” by Yael Grauer https://theintercept.com/2021/01/29/china-uyghur-muslim-surveillance-police/
* “State of Surveillance: Government Documents Reveal New Evidence on China’s Efforts to Monitor Its People” by Jessica Batke and Mareike Ohlberg https://www.chinafile.com/state-surveillance-china
* “China’s ‘War on Terror’ uproots families, leaked data shows” by Dake Kang https://apnews.com/article/890b79866c9eb1451ddf67b121272ee2
* “Top China Official urges ‘reform through education’ for Xinjiang Prisoners” by Reuters Staff https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-xinjiang/top-china-official-urges-reform-through-education-for-xinjiang-prisoners-idUSKCN1M10ES
* “Blackwater Founder to Open Bases in Xinjiang” by Fan Lingzhi https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1038847.shtml
* “Read the China Cables Documents: Download and read the classified documents at the heart of the China Cables.” By ICIJ (people behind the Panama Papers) https://www.icij.org/investigations/china-cables/read-the-china-cables-documents/ More ICIJ reporting based off those files:
	+ “China Cables: Who Are the Uighurs and Why Mass Detention? To better explain China’s actions and the findings of the China Cables, we answer some key questions about who is involved, the crackdown’s origins, and the significance of the secret documents.” by Fergus Shiel and Sasha Chavkin: https://www.icij.org/investigations/china-cables/china-cables-who-are-the-uighurs-and-why-mass-detention/
	+ “How China Targets Uighurs ‘One by One’ for Using a Mobile App: Highly classified Chinese government documents reveal Chinese authorities have been targeting users of the Zapya app, as part of their crackdown against the Muslim Uighur population.” by Scilla Alleci https://www.icij.org/investigations/china-cables/how-china-targets-uighurs-one-by-one-for-using-a-mobile-app/
	+ “Exposed: China’s Operating Manuals for Mass Internment and Arrest by Algorithm: A new leak of highly classified Chinese government documents reveals the operations manual for running the mass detention camps in Xinjiang and exposed the mechanics of the region’s system of mass surveillance.” by Bethany Allen-Ebrahimian https://www.icij.org/investigations/china-cables/exposed-chinas-operating-manuals-for-mass-internment-and-arrest-by-algorithm/
	+ “Uighur Woman Tells Dutch Newspaper She Shared Leaked Chinese Government Documents: A Uighur woman in the Netherlands has claimed that she was one of the sources of documents used as part of the China Cables investigation.” by Fergus Sheil https://www.icij.org/investigations/china-cables/uighur-woman-tells-dutch-newspaper-she-shared-leaked-chinese-government-documents/
	+ “Watch: A voice for Xinjiang detainees: Zumrat Dawut, a Uighur woman who spent time in one of China’s detention camps, speaks about her experience on behalf of those still in camps. ‘Now I have the chance. And I choose to be their voice.’” by Scilla Alecci https://www.icij.org/investigations/china-cables/watch-a-voice-for-xinjiang-detainees/
	+ “How the world learned of China’s mass internment camps: We’ve learned a lot about China’s mass internment camps since the first English reports were published in 2017. But there are still plenty of unanswered questions.” by Bethany Allen-Ebrahimian https://www.icij.org/investigations/china-cables/how-the-world-learned-of-chinas-mass-internment-camps/
	+ “New Leak Shows How China Targets Uighurs in Xinjiang: The leaked “Qaraqash List” shows that ethnic minorities were detained in camps for growing a beard or wearing a veil, or having too many children.” by Sasha Chavkin https://www.icij.org/investigations/china-cables/new-leak-shows-how-china-targets-uighurs-in-xinjiang/
		- Direct link to “Qaraqash List” https://docs.uhrp.org/pdf/UHRP\_QaraqashDocument.pdf
	+ “Uighurs Sent From Camps to Factories, New Report Says: More than 80,000 Uighurs have been sent to work in factories making products for global brands, including Apple and Nike, according to a think tank report.” by Hamish Boland-Rudder and Douglas Dalby https://www.icij.org/investigations/china-cables/uighurs-sent-from-camps-to-factories-new-report-says/
	+ “‘Huge uptick’ in Chinese propaganda over Uighur camps, report finds: China launched a propaganda blitz after media reports exposed mass detention and repression of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang, according to a new report.” by Carmen Molina Acosta https://www.icij.org/investigations/china-cables/huge-uptick-in-chinese-propaganda-over-uighur-camps-report-finds/
	+ “ICC complaint alleging Uighur genocide cites China Cables as evidence: Leaked Chinese government documents published by ICIJ were part of evidence submitted to the International Criminal Court by two Uighur activist groups.” by Scilla Alecci https://www.icij.org/investigations/china-cables/icc-complaint-alleging-uighur-genocide-cites-china-cables-as-evidence/
	+ “Uighur repression ‘turbocharged by technology,’ confidential documents show: Researchers uncover new details on how apps and tech companies like Zapya, Huawei and Megvii contribute to China’s surveillance and mass internment program in Xinjiang.” by Scilla Alecci https://www.icij.org/investigations/china-cables/uighur-repression-turbocharged-by-technology-confidential-documents-show/
* Another chinese white paper “Vocational Education and Training in Xinjiang” (reading this makes it incredibly obvious what is going on in xinjiang is a cultural genocide justifed by the pretext of a loosely defined “extremism,” with considerable similarities to the war on terror, and designed to facilitate capitalist development and an imperial national project.) http://english.www.gov.cn/archive/whitepaper/201908/17/content\_WS5d57573cc6d0c6695ff7ed6c.html
* “Chinese Government Sources: This Section Contains Sources on the extrajudicial detainment of Uyghurs, Kazakhs, and other ethnic minorities produced by the government of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). It features documents released by the state for mass consumption by international readers foreign governments, and media organizations, as well as “internal materials” published for use by the government employees and others associated with the policies” https://xinjiang.sppga.ubc.ca/policy-documents/government-sources/
* “‘Absolutely No Mercy’: Leaked Files Expose How China Organized Mass Detentions of Muslims: More than 400 pages of internal Chinese documents provide an unprecedented inside look at the crackdown on ethnic minorities in the Xinjiang region.” (includes original documents and direct translations) https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/11/16/world/asia/china-xinjiang-documents.html
* “Translations of additional Chinese sources: this page contains translations of papers, social media posts, etc. written by Chinese civilians, media, or security officers about Xinjiang, many of whom are dispatched there to assist with the implementation of government policy. Scroll past intro for actual list of translations.” (Includes reports from police officers, coverage of the suppression of religious freedom, and accounts of disappearances) https://wokeglobaltimes.com/75dedb60c0854624bd6f6408c17a875b
* (In Chinese) 浅析以色列反恐战略及对中国新疆反恐启示以“国安委”决策机制为视角 (Auto Translate: An Analysis of Israel’s Anti-terrorism Strategy and Its Enlightenment to China’s Xinjiang Anti-terrorism From the Perspective of the Decision-making Mechanism of the "National Security Committee") by Lu Peng & Cao Xuefei in the Journal of the Criminal Investigation Police university of China http://www.mbtsg.com/qikan/55ca2409d551547a6ddd5198b8573a7f.html
* (In Chinese) 反恐社区警务的理论与实践 (Auto translate: Theory and Practice of Police Affairs in Anti-terrorism Community) by Ji Yantao and Yin Wei in Journal of People’s Public Security University of China (Social Sciences Edition)  (argues for preventative policing based in global counter-insurgency strategy and reminiscent of the US, Police application of counter insurgency strategies from the war on terror, ie community policing) https://xinjiangdocumentation.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2020/11/%E5%8F%8D%E6%81%90%E7%A4%BE%E5%8C%BA%E8%AD%A6%E5%8A%A1%E7%9A%84%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5\_%E5%A7%AC%E8%89%B3%E6%B6%9B.pdf
* (In Chinese) A video from the Chinese state accusing the former head of education in Xinjiang and the commonly used text books (state produced) of “instilling the idea of division” and spreading terrorism to the sudents. the former directors general of the education department, the director of the publishing house, and the chief editor, were sentenced to death or got life sentences because of these textbooks. https://weibo.com/2656274875/K90TJkWE2?refer\_flag=1001030103\_&type=comment
	+ (In English) A thread analyzing the video: “the only two pieces of evidence provided in the documentary are: the first example is a photograph of Ehmetjan Qasimi wearing a badge that supposedly represents the ETR. Qasimi was a member of the Soviet communist party and a leader of the second ETR. The person interviewed says this symbol shouldn't appear in a textbook. the 2nd example she gave was a folktale about 7 Uyghur girls jumping off a cliff when trapped by Han Chinese soildiers [the actual text book references Manchurians not Han soldiers: https://twitter.com/Dave\_Brophy/status/1377953515469905923?s=20 ]. She says this incites ethnic hatred. on the other hand, Chinese textbooks I grew up with are full of stories about Han "ethnic heroes" 民族英雄 sacrificing their lives when there was a war between the Han and other ethnic groups. That's all the evidence given in this documentary about violence and extremism in these previous textbooks.” https://twitter.com/chenchenzh/status/1377917344610201602?s=20

### **CCP Media Manipulation, Denial, and Disinformation**

* "PRC denial of reeducation centers at the UN" https://wokeglobaltimes.com/6b2cca2ddfe64ed6ab2b77f4aa148609
* "AP Exclusive: China tightens up on info after Xinjiang leaks" https://apnews.com/article/c1d08873154907be8a3dd93562d6785c
* "Strange bedfellows on Xinjiang: The CCP, fringe media and US social media platforms" by Albert Zhang, Jacob Wallis, and Zoe Meers https://www.aspi.org.au/report/strange-bedfellows
* "Enter the Grayzone: fringe leftists deny the scale of China’s Uyghur oppression" by Caitlin Thompson https://www.codastory.com/disinformation/grayzone-xinjiang-denialism/
* "Welcome to TikTok’s sanitized version of Xinjiang" by Isobel Cockerell https://www.codastory.com/disinformation/tiktok-xinjiang-sanitized-version/
* "China ramps up media war on Xinjiang as censors blur Western brands" by Sean Mantesso https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-04-17/inside-china-s-media-war-on-xinjiang/100068394
* “‘Huge uptick’ in Chinese propaganda over Uighur camps, report finds: China launched a propaganda blitz after media reports exposed mass detention and repression of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang, according to a new report.” by Carmen Molina Acosta https://www.icij.org/investigations/china-cables/huge-uptick-in-chinese-propaganda-over-uighur-camps-report-finds/

### **Other First Hand Accounts**

* “Witness to discrimination: Confessions of a Han Chinese from Xinjiang” by Cha Naiyu https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/06/witness-to-discrimination-confessions-of-a-han-chinese-from-xinjiang/
* “People in China Left Wondering, ‘What Happened in Xinjiang?’: Boycott Introduces Netizens to Previously Unknown Abuses” by Yaqiu Wang https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/03/25/people-china-left-wondering-what-happened-xinjiang
* “List of diaspora voices” https://wokeglobaltimes.com/ed10f27b02514194ba1c478faa7da253
* “Outsiders' accounts of Xinjiang” https://wokeglobaltimes.com/bfdc56ea67d4455986a787b583b4d3df
* “I was in China doing research when I saw my Uighur friends disappear” by Sarah Tynen https://theconversation.com/i-researched-uighur-society-in-china-for-8-years-and-watched-how-technology-opened-new-opportunities-then-became-a-trap-119615
* “I researched Uighur society in China for 8 years and watched how technology opened new opportunities – then became a trap” by Darren Byler https://theconversation.com/i-researched-uighur-society-in-china-for-8-years-and-watched-how-technology-opened-new-opportunities-then-became-a-trap-119615
* “A Pakistani father’s ordeal: China seized his Uighur son and sent his daughters to an orphanage” by Alice Su, Shashank Bengsli, Shah Meer Baloch https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-09-25/china-pakistan-uighurs-xinjiang-silence
* “‘The atmosphere has become abnormal’: Han Chinese views from Xinjiang: Around 9.5 million Han Chinese live in Xinjiang, making up about 40% of the region's population. How do they view Beijing's policies of surveillance and Uyghur reeducation?” by Darren Byler https://supchina.com/2020/11/04/han-chinese-views-from-xinjiang/
* “‘Truth hidden in the dark’: Chinese international student responses to Xinjiang:’ I grew up (with the idea) being instilled (in me) that fifty-six nations compose one family. This was the first time that a person showed me a social issue which was hidden by the media.’” by Darren Byler https://supchina.com/2019/05/01/truth-hidden-in-the-dark-chinese-international-student-responses-to-xinjiang/
* "AP looks inside China's largest detention center in Xinjiang" by Dake Kang https://www.independent.co.uk/news/ap-looks-inside-chinas-largest-detention-center-in-xinjiang-china-xinjiang-chinese-communist-party-cctv-vatican-city-b1888373.html [EN
* "LETTER | Uyghurs mourning on Aidiladha, fourth year since my family disappeared" by Nursimangul Abdureshid https://www.malaysiakini.com/letters/583789 [EN]

### **(Cultural) Genocide and Sterilizations**

* “Cultural Destruction: This timeline outlines state efforts to regulate religious and cultural expression in Xinjiang. With justifications ranging from deradicalization to development, authorities have eliminated public events, razed mosques and graveyards, and enforced linguistic and cultural hegemony” https://xinjiang.sppga.ubc.ca/timelines/cultural-destruction-timeline/
* “Worse than Death: Reflections on the Uyghur Genocide” by Mamtimin Ala https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780761872290/Worse-than-Death-Reflections-on-the-Uyghur-Genocide
* “China’s Neo-Totalitarian Turn and Genocide in Xinjiang: The implementation of policies to forcibly Sinicize Uyghurs will eradicate their means of ethnic identification. Extra-judicial killings carried out in response to popular protest, conscious neglect of detainees in internment camps, and policies that prevent births and separate husbands and wives seem intended to bring about the physical disappearance of Uyghurs as an autonomous ethnic group with a distinct identity and worldview.” by Ondřej Klimeš and Joanne Smith Finley https://www.societyandspace.org/articles/chinas-neo-totalitarian-turn-and-genocide-in-xinjiang
* “Reflecting on the persecution of Uyghur Muslims from the perspective of  the genocide of the Rohingya: This article addresses aspects of Myanmar’s genocide of the Rohingya people in the hope of contributing a) to a conceptual understanding of China’s genocidal persecution of its Uyghur Muslim minority, and b) to a civil society strategy for combatting genocide.” by Penny Green https://www.societyandspace.org/articles/reflecting-on-the-persecution-of-uyghur-muslims-from-the-perspective-of-the-genocide-of-the-rohingya
* “'Illegal Superstition': China Jails Muslims For Practicing Islam, Relatives Say” by Emily Feng https://www.npr.org/2019/10/08/764153179/china-has-begun-moving-xinjiang-muslim-detainees-to-formal-prisons-relatives-say
* “Chinese Uighurs defy Ramadan ban: The government’s attempt to clamp down on religious expression has backfired among Uyghurs.” by Umar Farooq https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/features/2014/7/5/chinese-uighurs-defy-ramadan-ban
* “China’s new rules for Xinjiang ban parents from encouraging or forcing children into religion” https://www.scmp.com/news/china/policies-politics/article/2027342/chinas-new-rules-xinjiang-ban-parents-encouraging-or
* “Uighurs forced to eat pork as China expands Xinjiang pig farms: Former detainees claim that the forcible feeding of pork is most rampant in re-education camps and detention centres.” by By Ted Regencia https://www.aljazeera.com/author/ted\_regencia\_201281121442856892
* “Muslims forced to drink alcohol and eat pork in China’s ‘re-education’ camps, former inmate claims'The psychological pressure is enormous when you have to criticise yourself, denounce your thinking,' says detainee” by Gerry Shih and Dake Kang https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/china-re-education-muslims-ramadan-xinjiang-eat-pork-alcohol-communist-xi-jinping-a8357966.html
* “‘Once Their Mental State Is Healthy, They Will Be Able to Live Happily in Society’: How China’s Government Conflates Uighur Identity with Mental Illness” by Timothy Grose https://www.chinafile.com/reporting-opinion/viewpoint/once-their-mental-state-healthy-they-will-be-able-live-happily-society
* “His dictionaries taught Chinese to the Uyghur world. Then he was taken away: Hüsenjan was a Chinese state employee — and member of the Chinese Communist Party — tasked with creating dictionaries for the Uyghur language. His work couldn’t save him.” by Darren Byler https://supchina.com/2020/05/06/his-dictionaries-taught-chinese-to-the-uyghur-world/
* “Where Is Uyghur Folklore Expert Rahile Dawut? Uyghur scholar Rahile Dawut, missing since 2017, was awarded the 2020 Scholars at Risk “Courage to Think” award.” b Ruth Ingram https://thediplomat.com/2020/11/where-is-uyghur-folklore-expert-rahile-dawut/
* “A Poem for My Father Who Stayed In His Grave Only 623 Days: The Chinese government said this was done in order to modernize us, but their true aim was to destroy Uyghur ethnic, cultural and religious identities. I felt as if my father’s body had been brutally torn out of its resting place in our ancestors’ land.” by Aziz Isa Elkun https://www.societyandspace.org/articles/a-poem-for-my-father
* “‘Do you know that I am with you?’: Uighur poetry preserves culture under attack: China’s crackdown in Xinjiang has put Uighur poetry on the verge of extinction, leaving writers fighting to keep the tradition alive” translated by Joshua L. Freeman https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/06/do-you-know-that-i-am-with-you-uighur-poetry-captures-fading-memories-of-home
* “Uighur Poets on Repression and Exile: It is precisely because of poetry’s power in Uighur culture that these three poets, along with nearly every other prominent Uighur intellectual, disappeared more than two years ago into China’s internment camps.” by Joshua L. Freeman https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2020/08/13/uighur-poets-on-repression-and-exile/
* “The disappearance of Perhat Tursun, one of the Uyghur world’s greatest authors” by Darren Byler https://supchina.com/2020/02/05/disappearance-of-perhat-tursun-uyghur-worlds-greatest-author/
* “China Disappeared My Professor. It Can’t Silence His Poetry: Against overwhelming state violence, poetry might appear to offer little recourse. But for many Uighurs, it’s a powerful form of resistance.” by By Joshua L. Freeman https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/23/opinion/uighur-poetry-xinjiang-china.html
* “The jailed folk singer at the front line of the Uighur struggle: Abdurehim Heyit unites Uighurs, intimidates China and makes the world pay attention to our plight only with his music.” by Turdi Ghoja https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2019/3/16/the-jailed-folk-singer-at-the-front-line-of-the-uighur-struggle/
* “Imagining Re-Engineered Muslims in Northwest China” by Darren Byler https://www.milestonesjournal.net/photo-essays/2017/4/20/imagining-re-engineered-muslims-in-northwest-china
* “‘Capitalism Loving Disease”: Western China’s Hidden HIV epidemic” by Casey Halter (“Last January, one of Western China’s foremost HIV/AIDS advocates was arrested by the People’s Republic of China on charges of “endangering state security.” Human rights activists say no one has heard from—or about—him ever since.”) http://www.hopesandfears.com/hopes/now/politics/215601-china-hiv-uyghur-xinjiang
* “Xinjiang education reform and the eradication of Uyghur-language books: The “bilingual” education system introduced over the past decade in Xinjiang is better characterized as an attempt to transform minority education systems in the region. There have been frightening consequences for Uyghur culture.” by Darren Byler https://supchina.com/2019/10/02/xinjiang-education-reform-and-the-eradication-of-uyghur-language-books/
* “Education, Gender and Islam in China: the place of religious education in challenging and sustaining ‘undisputed traditions’ among Chinese Muslim women” by Maria Jaschok https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08b6640f0b64974000b18/JaschokandChan\_EducationGenderIslam.pdf
* “A language under attack: China’s campaign to sever the Uighur tongue” By Rustem Shir https://hongkongfp.com/2019/06/18/language-attack-chinas-campaign-sever-uighur-tongue/
* “Suppression of Birthrates” includes data and charts including on the massive increase of sterilizations in Xinjiang compared to a decrease in the rest of china, see the “Population, Birth-rate, and Other Data” section (Note: this corrects errors in Zenz reporting while still providing damning evidence directly from the Chinese state)  https://wokeglobaltimes.com/d4b7ba7e7ed746f78ef2c6100464f6fa
* “Uighur doctor tells ITV News of disturbing testimonies of 'forced abortions and removal of wombs' in China” by Emma Murphy https://www.itv.com/news/2020-09-02/uighur-doctor-tells-itv-news-of-disturbing-testimonies-of-forced-abortions-and-removal-of-wombs
* “She survived a Chinese internment camp and made it to Virginia. Will the U.S. let her stay?” By Emily Rauhala and and Anna Fifield (includes mention of forced sterilization) https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/11/17/she-survived-chinese-internment-camp-made-it-virginia-will-us-let-her-stay/?arc404=true
* “Muslim women ‘sterilised’ in China detention camps, say former detainees: ‘It’s like we were just a piece of meat,’ says Gulbahar Jalilova” by Peter Stubley https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/uighur-muslim-china-sterilisation-women-internment-camps-xinjiang-a9054641.html
* “Abortions, IUDs and sexual humiliation: Muslim women who fled China for Kazakhstan recount ordeals” by Amie Ferris-Rotman https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia\_pacific/abortions-iuds-and-sexual-humiliation-muslim-women-who-fled-china-for-kazakhstan-recount-ordeals/2019/10/04/551c2658-cfd2-11e9-a620-0a91656d7db6\_story.html
* “Uighur Muslim teacher tells of forced sterilisation in Xinjiang: Chinese government threatened woman when she resisted in move to suppress Muslim minority birth rates” By Emma Graham-Harrison and Lily Kuo https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/04/muslim-minority-teacher-50-tells-of-forced-sterilisation-in-xinjiang-china
* (in chinese) 关于印发《且末县2018年度违法生育专项治理工作实施方案》的通知(Auto translate: Notice on Issuing the Implementation Plan for the Special Treatment of Illegal Childbirth in Qiemo County in 2018) notes that women who had illegal children were required to undergo reeducation and contraceptive measures: “二）违法多生育两个以上子女的，除按照新修订《新疆维吾尔自治区人口与计划生育条例》相关规定逐胎加倍征收社会抚养费外，同时采取长效节育措施并进行职业技能教育培训” (translated from: https://wokeglobaltimes.com/d4b7ba7e7ed746f78ef2c6100464f6fa) “For those who have more than two children illegally, in addition to doubling the social maintenance fee for each child in accordance with the relevant provisions of the newly revised "Regulations on Population and Family Planning of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region", long-term birth control measures and vocational skills education and training are also to be enacted.” Archive: http://archive.is/TKjX8#selection-1539.2-1543.85
* (In Chinese) 关于印发《尼勒克县流动人口计划生育双向服务管理办法》的通知 (Auto Translate: Notice on Printing and Distributing the "Management Measures for Two-way Family Planning Services for Floating Population in Nilek County" contains similar sections: “公安机关对相关人员进行集中教育，促使政策外怀孕人员终止妊娠、违法生育人员缴纳社会抚养费，对拒绝、阻碍计划生育工作人员依法执行公务构成违法行为的，加大打击力度” (translated from: https://wokeglobaltimes.com/d4b7ba7e7ed746f78ef2c6100464f6fa “For these reasons, the public security organs shall initiate concentrated education, induce\* [can mean urge, induce, promote, etc.] those who are pregnant outside policy to terminate their pregnancy, and induce those who illegally give birth to pay social support fees. [Public security organs shall] intensify the crackdown on those who refuse or hinder family planning staff from performing their official duties in accordance with the law.” Archive: http://archive.is/8rqCE#selection-1855.0-1871.137
* (In Chinese) “加强孕前型管理 提高妇幼健康和计划生育技术服务工作水平的实施方案” (Auto Translated: “Implementation plan for strengthening pre-pregnancy management and improving maternal and child health and family planning technical services”) a report for the Bayingol Commission of Health in 2018 mentions women being highly resistant to the IUDs: “育龄妇女对计划生育各项政策不了解，对“查环、查孕、查病”服务抵触情绪大，存在“怕、厌、躲”的现象” (translated from: https://wokeglobaltimes.com/d4b7ba7e7ed746f78ef2c6100464f6fa “Women of childbearing age do not understand various policies on family planning, and are highly resistant to the services of "checking for an IUD, checking for pregnancy, and checking for disease disease", and there is "fear, disgust, and evasion" but despite this stipulates “确保长效避孕措施落实率75%以上” (translated from same source) “Ensure that the implementation rate of long-term contraceptive measures exceeds 75%” Archive: http://archive.is/m06Jg#selection-161.0-161.2
* (In Chinese) “新疆的人口问题及人口政策分析” "An Analysis of Xinjiang Population Problems and Population Policy" by Li Xiaoxia in the Journal of the Central Institute of Socialism, a periodical managed by the United Front Work Department of the CCP ties the resistance to forced IUDs to “extremism and ethnic separatism” (pg. 25).Archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20190727045107/http:/www.shehui.pku.edu.cn/upload/editor/file/20180829/20180829171343\_5582.pdf
	+ Notes: from: https://wokeglobaltimes.com/d4b7ba7e7ed746f78ef2c6100464f6fa
	+ “Li 2020 avoids any mention of "vocational training centers," i.e., the mass internment/reeducation facilities, nor of (likely forced) labor transfer schemes or imprisonment in Xinjiang”
	+ “as the data in Section I from the World Bank and Mitchell clearly demonstrates, for the last half century or so declines in birth rates among developing countries almost never reach what has been seen in Xinjiang since 2017. We can also turn to Li's 2017 paper, where she notes that birthrates in Xinjiang have indeed declined significantly—over the space of several decades”
	+ “Li selectively leaves out newer data when she reiterates the above statistics in her 2020 essay. Government statistics show the Uyghur birthrates have been below replacement level since the mid-2000s. (Populations can keep growing for a generation or so after this occurs”
	+ “Li selectively leaves out newer data when she reiterates the above statistics in her 2020 essay. Government statistics show the Uyghur birthrates have been below replacement level since the mid-2000s”
	+ “Xinjiang's 2010 census shows a fertility rate of 1.53 in 2010 (chart 6-4 on page 1823), far too low to justify birth control policy” source: https://shahit.biz/yearbooks/2010%20Census%20(3).pdf
	+ “With the sole exception of Turpan, all prefectures and prefecture-level cities in Xinjiang had fertility rates below 2.0. This means that birth control measures had already been strictly implemented and "mindsets" had already "changed" in Xinjiang well before 2017. There is no reason to believe birth control policy in Xinjiang is suddenly being implemented more stringently just as a matter of "reasonable" family planning concerns. The goal is to reduce the number of Uyghurs.”
* “Chinese gov’t figures show sharp decline in Xinjiang birth rate amid mounting claims of Uighur ‘genocide’” by Rhoda Kwan https://hongkongfp.com/2021/02/25/chinese-govt-figures-show-sharp-decline-in-xinjiang-birth-rate-amid-mounting-claims-of-uighur-genocide/
* “Forced Sterilization of Minority Groups Another Form of Convergent Behavior Between the US and China” by Brian Hioe  https://newbloommag.net/2020/10/30/ice-forced-sterilization-us-china/
* “China treats Uighur kids as ‘orphans’ after parents seized” by Yanan Wang and Dake Kang https://apnews.com/article/903a97b7c62a47b98553b6f422827dd7
* “Uighur author Gulbahar Haitiwaji tells of imprisonment and China attacks ‘I was never into politics, and I'm still not. I never did anything to harm China, and yet they locked me up and tortured me," Gulbahar Haitiwaji says. "All I want is for those camps to close.’” https://hongkongfp.com/2021/03/06/uighur-author-gulbahar-haitiwaji-tells-of-imprisonment-and-china-attacks/
* “‘We’re a people destroyed’: why Uighur Muslims across China are living in fear: Gene A Bunin has spent the past 18 months talking to Uighur restaurant workers all over China. These conversations reveal how this Muslim minority feel the daily threat of arrest, detention and ‘re-education’” by Gene A Bunin https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/aug/07/why-uighur-muslims-across-china-are-living-in-fear
* “The ‘patriotism’ of not speaking Uyghur: Uyghur ‘patriotism’ now requires the active disavowal of the Uyghur way of life. Vague euphemisms like ‘patriotism,’ ‘harmony,’ ‘stability,’ ‘vocational training,’ and ‘poverty elimination’ gaslight the erasure of a native system of knowledge and the basic elements that make Uyghur life Uyghur: language, religion and culture” by Darren Byler https://supchina.com/2019/01/02/the-patriotism-of-not-speaking-uyghur/
* “China’s Concentration Camps For Uyghurs: In China’s Own Words” by the Communist Party of India Marxist leninist (Includes discussion of linguistic imperialism) https://www.cpiml.net/liberation/2020/08/chinas-concentration-camps-for-uyghurs-in-chinas-own-words
* “Fear and oppression in Xinjiang: China’s war on Uighur culture: Beijing’s crackdown on minorities reflects a broader push towards a single ‘state-race’” by Christian Shepherd (includes discussion of the targeting and detention of Uyghur intellectuals) https://www.ft.com/content/48508182-d426-11e9-8367-807ebd53ab77
* “Living on the Margins: The Chinese State's Demolition of Uyghur Communities” by Henryk Szadziewski https://www.academia.edu/35113422/Living\_on\_the\_Margins\_The\_Chinese\_States\_Demolition\_of\_Uyghur\_Communities
* Photographic evidence of Mosque destruction using google maps compiled by a Uyghur man whose Father was detained finding that “about 30% of Mosques (about 5000) were completely demolished. 80% of domes and towers were demolished/removed from Mosques and other architecture in XUAR.” (includes photos) https://www.uyghurism.com/culturalgenocide
* “Revealed: new evidence of China's mission to raze the mosques of Xinjiang” by Lily Kuo https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/07/revealed-new-evidence-of-chinas-mission-to-raze-the-mosques-of-xinjiang
* “China Is Erasing Mosques and Precious Shrines in Xinjiang” By Chris Buckley and Austin Ramzy https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/09/25/world/asia/xinjiang-china-religious-site.html
* “The Mazar of the Seven Maidens: A Shrine that once Lived but Still Stands in Pichan” by Timothy Grose http://www.uygurarastirmalari.com/arsiv/2020-16/2020\_10.pdf
* “Why China Is Banning Islamic Veils: And Why It Won’t Work” by Timothy Grose and James Leibold https://www.chinafile.com/reporting-opinion/viewpoint/why-china-banning-islamic-veils
* “How the CCP Took over the Most Sacred of Uighur Rituals” by Timothy Grose (covers the mandatory inclusion of party cadre at weddings, other important life events, and religious ceremonies as well as restricting those who traditionally carried out these functions or explicitly banning them from doing so. This is not explicitly discussed as a colonial process but it is one) https://www.chinafile.com/reporting-opinion/viewpoint/how-ccp-took-over-most-sacred-of-uighur-rituals
* “You shall sing and dance: contested ‘safeguarding’ of Uyghur Intangible Cultural Heritage” https://sci-hub.st/10.1080/14631369.2020.1822733
* “The Spatial Cleansing of Xinjiang: Mazar Desecration in Context” by Rian Thum (covering the destruction of an over 400 year old pilgrimage site in Xinjiang by the Chinese state as well as other religious and cultural sites) https://madeinchinajournal.com/2020/08/24/the-spatial-cleansing-of-xinjiang-mazar-desecration-in-context/
* “China is perpetrating genocide. We’ve seen this before.” by Chad gibbs (witen by holocaust survivors making direct connection between the selling of human hair from concentration camps in Xinjiang and Nazi Germany) https://forward.com/opinion/451278/china-is-perpetrating-genocide-weve-seen-this-before/
* “Without land, there is no life: Chinese state suppression of Uyghur environmental activism” by Henryk Szadziewski https://www.academia.edu/35113490/Without\_land\_there\_is\_no\_life\_Chinese\_state\_suppression\_of\_Uyghur\_environmental\_activism
* "Illegal pots, carpets, bowls, and other 'extremist' items" from the Woke Global Times (analyzing local journalists' reports from Xinjiang) https://wokeglobaltimes.com/acfd0aa2ec84470eb2609c98950b062b

### **Ties to the War on Terror, Islamophobia, and Global Imperial and Policing Systems**

* “Xinjiang's Party chief wages 'people's war' against terrorism” from Xinhua https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2014-05/26/content\_17541318.htm
* “China's hidden partner in suppressing the Muslim Uighurs – the US: It’s been revealed that Trump encouraged the mass internment of Uighurs. But the US complicity goes back to 9/11” by Sean R. Roberts https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jun/24/china-suppressing-muslim-uighurs-us-trump-9-11
* "U.S. Terrorism Policy Paved the Way for China’s Repression U.S.-favored policies in Central Asia must be rolled back to help save the Uighur people." by Bradley Jardine https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/09/24/u-s-terrorism-policy-paved-the-way-for-chinas-repression/
* “Countering the root causes of violent extremism undermining growth and stability in China's Xinjiang Region by sharing UK best practice” a Royal United Services Institute (a British defence and security think tank) program to “organise a two day Track 2 Dialogue in Urumqi bringing together UK experts on CVE with Chinese officials and academics working on these issues in Xinjiang to demonstrate the effectiveness of UK best practice in CVE and identify ways this can be adopted in China” (with a budget of £18,940) https://devtracker.fcdo.gov.uk/projects/GB-GOV-3-PAP-CNF-002340
* “Blackwater Founder to Open Bases in Xinjiang” by Fan Lingzhi https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1038847.shtml
* “Blackwater founder to open bases in Xinjiang: Will open bases in Yunnan, Xinjiang to support Chinese firms” http://en.people.cn/n3/2017/0322/c90000-9193291.html
* “Blackwater’s Erik Prince, China and a new controversy over Xinjiang: Critics accuse Prince’s Frontier Services Group of potentially helping the Beijing government engage in mass repression of ethnic Uygurs But the former US Navy Seal denies he has any plans to engage in activity in the troubled autonomous region” https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/2185588/blackwaters-erik-prince-china-and-new-controversy-over-xinjiang
* “Erik Prince Company to Build Training Center in China’s Xinjiang” by Reuters Staff https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-xinjiang-idUSKCN1PP169
* “Spirit Breaking: Capitalism and Terror in Northwest China” by Adam Hunervan and hosted by ChuangCN https://chuangcn.org/journal/two/spirit-breaking/
* “‘War on Terror’ as a Diversionary Strategy: Personifying Minorities as Terrorists in the People's Republic of China” by Kilic Bugra Kanat https://sci-hub.st/10.1080/13602004.2012.746179
* “Imaginary Terrorism? The Global War on Terror and the Narrative of the Uyghur Terrorist Threat” by Sean Roberts https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272998379\_Imaginary\_Terrorism\_The\_Global\_War\_on\_Terror\_and\_the\_Narrative\_of\_the\_Uyghur\_Terrorist\_Threat
* “The Spatial Cleansing of Xinjiang: Mazar Desecration in Context” by Rian Thum (covering the destruction of an over 400 year old pilgrimage site in Xinjiang by the Chinese state as well as other religious and cultural sites) https://madeinchinajournal.com/2020/08/24/the-spatial-cleansing-of-xinjiang-mazar-desecration-in-context/
* “The Camps in Xinjiang are a Global Problem: Oppression of Uighurs is the Product of Global Historical Forces, not just National Ones” by A. Liu and hosted by LuasanHK
	+ English: https://lausan.hk/2020/camps-in-xinjiang-global-problem/
	+ Chinese: https://lausan.hk/2021/camps-in-xinjiang-global-problem-chinese/
* Major Events Preceding the Construction of Re-Education Camps: This timeline gives an overview of major events since the turn of the century, that preceded the establishment of “re-education camps” in Xinjiang. Human rights watchdogs have categorized these camps as mass prisons and internment camps” https://xinjiang.sppga.ubc.ca/timelines/reeducation-camps/
* “Blood and Fear in Xinjiang: The relationship between China's majority Han and its Uighurs has been fraught for years.” by James Palmer https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/03/02/blood-and-fear-in-xinjiang/
* “China’s Communist Party Hardens Rhetoric on Islam: Regional Chinese Officals make repeated warnings about threat of religious ‘extremism’ during meeting in beijing” https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/3/12/chinas-communist-party-hardens-rhetoric-on-islam
* “Saudi crown prince defends China’s right to fight ‘terrorism’ Activists say MBS’ support for China’s ‘anti-terrorism’ measures is tacit approval of crackdown on Uighur Muslims.” https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/2/23/saudi-crown-prince-defends-chinas-right-to-fight-terrorism
* “China’s ‘War on Terror’ uproots families, leaked data shows” by Dake Kang https://apnews.com/article/890b79866c9eb1451ddf67b121272ee2
* “Top China Official urges ‘reform through education’ for Xinjiang Prisoners” by Reuters Staff https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-xinjiang/top-china-official-urges-reform-through-education-for-xinjiang-prisoners-idUSKCN1M10ES
* “Revealed: Massive Chinese Police Database: Millions of Leaked Police Files Detail Suffocating Surveillance of China’s Uyghur Minority” by Yael Grauer https://theintercept.com/2021/01/29/china-uyghur-muslim-surveillance-police/
* “The biopolitics of China’s “war on terror” and the exclusion of the Uyghurs” by Sean R Roberts: https://sci-hub.do/10.1080/14672715.2018.1454111
* “The Wang Lixiong prophecy: ‘Palestinization’ in Xinjiang and the consequences of Chinese state securitization of religion” by Joanne Smith Finley https://sci-hub.do/10.1080/02634937.2018.1534802
* “Securitization, insecurity and conflict in contemporary Xinjiang: has PRC counter-terrorism evolved into state terror?” by Joanne Smith Finley https://sci-hub.do/10.1080/02634937.2019.1586348
* “From camps to prisons: Xinjiang’s next great human rights catastrophe” by Gene A. Bunin https://livingotherwise.com/2019/10/05/from-camps-to-prisons-xinjiangs-next-great-human-rights-catastrophe-by-gene-a-bunin/
* “Prisons in the Mountains” by Ben Mauk https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v41/n18/ben-mauk/diary
* “China’s Protracted Securitization of Xinjiang: Origins of a Surveillance State” by Pablo Rodríguez-Merino https://www.e-ir.info/2018/08/15/chinas-protracted-securitization-of-xinjiang-origins-of-a-surveillance-state/
* “Good and Bad Muslims in Xinjiang” by David Brophy https://madeinchinajournal.com/2019/07/09/good-and-bad-muslims-in-xinjiang/
* “Confronting China’s War on Terror: Muslim minorities in Xinjiang are facing unprecedented repression. David Brophy argues that socialists should offer solidarity to the repressed minorities without pinning hopes on Washington as an ally of the Uyghur cause.” by David Brophy https://www.rs21.org.uk/2018/12/14/confronting-chinas-war-on-terror/
* “Why Did the United States Take China’s Word on Supposed Uighur Terrorists? The Eastern Turkistan Islamic Movement barely existed, but Washington wanted Beijing on board for the war on terror.” by Sean Roberts https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/11/10/why-did-the-united-states-take-chinas-word-on-supposed-uighur-terrorists/
* “China's "War on Terror": September 11 and Uighur Separatism” by Chien-peng Chung https://sci-hub.st/10.2307/20033235
* “Dispossession and displacement of migrant workers: the impact of state terror and economic development on Uyghurs in urban Xinjiang” by Sarah Tynen https://sci-hub.do/10.1080/02634937.2020.1743644
* “How China’s ‘Xinjiang Mode’ draws from US, British, and Israeli counterinsurgency strategy: China's Han settler colonial model has turned Uyghur and Kazakh communities into open-air prisons” by Darren Byler  https://lausan.hk/2020/chinas-xinjiang-mode-counterinsurgency-strategy/
* “China’s hi-tech war on its Muslim minority: Smartphones and the internet gave the Uighurs a sense of their own identity – but now the Chinese state is using technology to strip them of it” by Darren Byler https://www.theguardian.com/news/2019/apr/11/china-hi-tech-war-on-muslim-minority-xinjiang-uighurs-surveillance-face-recognition
* “Uyghur ‘caretaking’ and the isolation of reeducation: In Uyghur society, lending money is more than capital exchange, it's part of a practice that social theorist AbdouMaliq Simone refers to as “taking care.” In Xinjiang, as China's "People's War on Terror" accelerated, money transfers across international boundaries were seen as a possible sign of extremism — just another way that Uyghurs were cut off from their support networks and isolated from one another.” by Darren Byler https://supchina.com/2020/09/02/uyghur-care-taking-and-the-isolation-of-reeducation/
* “China : Xinjiang :: India : Kashmir” by Nitasha Kaul https://madeinchinajournal.com/2020/10/05/china-xinjiang-india-kashmir/
* “China Is Exporting Its Anti-Muslim Strategy to India: Muslims in Kashmir may find themselves in a Xinjiang-style dystopia thanks to Chinese technology and Narendra Modi’s Hindu nationalism.” by Nithin Coca https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/uighur-china-india/
* “China’s Use of America’s ‘war on terror’ to Justify the Suppression of its Muslim Population” by Brian Hioe https://newbloommag.net/2017/03/14/china-xinjiang-war-terror/
* “Forced Sterilization of Minority Groups Another Form of Convergent Behavior Between the US and China” by Brian Hioe  https://newbloommag.net/2020/10/30/ice-forced-sterilization-us-china/
* “After Uighurs Escape China, They Face the U.S. Asylum System: Uighur asylum seekers in Virginia thought they would be safe here. But new rules delay work permits, draining savings and risking survival.” (Despite the title not only about refugee experiences in the US) https://prospect.org/world/after-uighurs-escape-china-face-u-s-asylum-system/
* “Why is China repressing the Uyghurs in Xinjiang? Like its counterparts in the West, the Chinese government is using the pretext of fighting "Islamic extremism" to expand its repressive powers and gain a geostrategic advantage.” by Eleanor Morley https://redflag.org.au/node/7314
* “Dust storms, green waves: A lattice of violent, global relations sustains China's colonization of 'Xinjiang'” by Xqsu https://lausan.hk/2021/dust-storms-green-waves/
* “Naturalized Violence: Affective Politics of China’s “Ecological Civilization” in Xinjiang” by Guldana Salimjan https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348286831\_Naturalized\_Violence\_Affective\_Politics\_of\_China's\_Ecological\_Civilization\_in\_Xinjiang
* “Transnational Carceral Capitalism in Xinjiang and Beyond” by Gerald Roche https://madeinchinajournal.com/2019/02/12/transnational-carceral-capitalism-xinjiang/
* “How capitalism is enabling China's Uighur repression: Over 20 percent of the world's cotton comes from China, mostly from Xinjiang region” by Malia Bouattia https://english.alaraby.co.uk/english/comment/2020/12/23/how-capitalism-is-enabling-chinas-uighur-repressio
* “How China Turned a city into a Prison a Surveillance State Reaches New Heights” By Chris Buckley, Paul Mozur and Austin Ramsey https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/04/04/world/asia/xinjiang-china-surveillance-prison.html
* “How Mass Surveillance Works in Xinjiang, China: ‘Reverse Engineering’ Police App Reveals Profiling and Monitoring Strategies” (Available in various languages) https://www.hrw.org/video-photos/interactive/2019/05/02/china-how-mass-surveillance-works-xinjiang
* “Major camera company can sort people by race, alert police when it spots Uighurs” by Johana Bhuiyan https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/story/2021-02-09/dahua-facial-recognition-china-surveillance-uighur
* “Lawyers Demand Release of Chinese Muslims” by Josh White (details the detention of Uyghurs in Guantanamo Bay based on reports of extremism from the chinese state and allowed chinese officials to interrogate them as well) https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/04/AR2006120401191.html
* “'It breaks my heart': Uighurs wrongfully held at Guantánamo plead to be with families”  by Leyland Cecco https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/oct/07/uighur-men-guantanamo
* “How did 22 innocent Chinese Uyghurs get sucked into America’s War on Terror? Lives destroyed by a decade in the black hole of Guantánamo: Director Patricio Henriquez shares the remarkable story behind his documentary Uyghurs, Prisoners of the Absurd.” by Alex King https://www.huckmag.com/art-and-culture/film-2/top-pics/uyghurs/
* “The innocent man at Guantánamo” by Sabin Willet https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/27/opinion/27iht-edwillett.html
* “China's Counterinsurgency Strategy in Tibet and Xinjiang” by Liselotte Odgaard and Thomas Galasz Nielsen https://sci-hub.se/10.1080/10670564.2013.843934#
	+ “Tibet: Satellites Show New Internment Camps in Tibet: Internment camps like those built in East Turkestan for the Uyghur population are now spreading into Tibet. New satellite images show the recent construction of several prison-like camps in Chinese occupied Tibet. The name used by the Chinese Communist Party to describe those prisons is even more ridiculous than the ‘Reeducation Camps’ used to describe the ones in East Turkestan, as the CCP calls them ‘Buddhist Temples’” https://unpo.org/article/21403
	+ “Economic Expansion, Marketization, and Their Social Impact on China’s Ethnic Minorities in Xinjiang and Tibet” by Yuchao Zhu and Dongyan Blachford https://sci-hub.se/https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/as.2012.52.4.714?seq=1
	+ “Colonization with Chinese characteristics: politics of (in)security in Xinjiang and Tibet” by Dibyesh Anand https://sci-hub.se/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02634937.2018.1534801?src=recsys
	+ “Passports taken, more police ... new party boss Chen Quanguo acts to tame Xinjiang with methods used in Tibet: 24/7 police surveillance and spying neighbours are familiar to residents of Chen Quanguo’s last post” by Nectar Gan https://www.scmp.com/news/china/policies-politics/article/2053739/party-high-flier-uses-his-tibet-model-bid-tame-xinjiang
* “Blogging Fanghuiju: State Surveillance, Propaganda Work, and Coerced Gratitude” https://xinjiang.sppga.ubc.ca/policy-documents/government-sources/online-sources/bloggingfanghuiju/
* “Fear and oppression in Xinjiang: China’s war on Uighur culture: Beijing’s crackdown on minorities reflects a broader push towards a single ‘state-race’” by Christian Shepherd (includes discussion of the targeting and detention of Uyghur intellectuals) https://www.ft.com/content/48508182-d426-11e9-8367-807ebd53ab77
* “Surveillance  and  Repression  of  Muslim  Minorities:  Xinjiang  and  Beyond” Introduction by Rachel Harris and Sophia Woodman (A forum with a variety of articles many of which are also linked individually) https://www.societyandspace.org/forums/surveillance-and-repression-of-muslim-minorities
	+ “Islamophobia,  the  Global War  on  Terror,  and  China’s  policies  in  Xinjiang” by Rachel Harris https://www.societyandspace.org/articles/islamophobia-the-global-war-on-terror-and-chinas-policies-in-xinjiang
	+ “The Digital Enclosure of Turkic Muslims: What makes the case in Northwest China unique is that the digital enclosure of Uyghur and Kazakh space also harnesses state power and private textile manufacturers to hold them in place in factories—producing a permanent underclass of ethno-racial minority industrial workers. Rather than banishing populations to human warehousing spaces such as peripheral ghettos or prisons, in this context terror capitalism works to explicitly “reeducate” the population as industrial workers and implement a forced labor regime.” by Darren Byler https://www.societyandspace.org/articles/the-digital-enclosure-of-turkic-muslims
	+ “China’s Neo-Totalitarian Turn and Genocide in Xinjiang: The implementation of policies to forcibly Sinicize Uyghurs will eradicate their means of ethnic identification. Extra-judicial killings carried out in response to popular protest, conscious neglect of detainees in internment camps, and policies that prevent births and separate husbands and wives seem intended to bring about the physical disappearance of Uyghurs as an autonomous ethnic group with a distinct identity and worldview.” by Ondřej Klimeš and Joanne Smith Finley https://www.societyandspace.org/articles/chinas-neo-totalitarian-turn-and-genocide-in-xinjiang
* “Preventative Policing as Community Detention in Northwest China” by Darren Byler (examining this model of counter-insurgency including its western antecedents to its novel elements) https://madeinchinajournal.com/2019/10/25/preventative-policing-as-community-detention-in-northwest-china/
* “China: Minority Region Collects DNA from Millions: Private Information Gathered by Police, Under Guise of Public Health Program” https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/12/13/china-minority-region-collects-dna-millions
	+ “China Uses DNA to Track Its People, With the Help of American Expertise: The Chinese authorities turned to a Massachusetts company and a prominent Yale researcher as they built an enormous system of surveillance and control.” by Sui-Lee Wee https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/21/business/china-xinjiang-uighur-dna-thermo-fisher.html
* “The Xinjiang Data Police: In western China, the government has deputized an army of mostly young men to surveil the digital and real lives of people in their own communities.” by Darren Byler https://www.noemamag.com/the-xinjiang-data-police/
* “The ethical questions that haunt facial-recognition research: Journals and researchers are under fire for controversial studies using this technology. And a Nature survey reveals that many researchers in this field think there is a problem.” by Richard Van Noorden (Includes discussion of facial recognition research done on Uyghur people) https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03187-3
* (In Chinese) 浅析以色列反恐战略及对中国新疆反恐启示以“国安委”决策机制为视角 (Auto Translate: An Analysis of Israel’s Anti-terrorism Strategy and Its Enlightenment to China’s Xinjiang Anti-terrorism From the Perspective of the Decision-making Mechanism of the "National Security Committee") by Lu Peng & Cao Xuefei in the Journal of the Criminal Investigation Police university of China http://www.mbtsg.com/qikan/55ca2409d551547a6ddd5198b8573a7f.html
* (In Chninese) 国际环境下新疆反恐话语的构建 (Auto Translate: The Construction of Xinjiang Anti-terrorism Discourse in the International Environment) by Li Mingxia in Journal of Hotan Normal College http://libgen.gs/ads.php?md5=622D53F2E6CB387BEE157C325F7B4C75
* (In Chinese) 反恐社区警务的理论与实践 (Auto translate: Theory and Practice of Police Affairs in Anti-terrorism Community) by Ji Yantao and Yin Wei in Journal of People’s Public Security University of China (Social Sciences Edition) (argues for preventative policing based in global counter-insurgency strategy and reminiscent of the US, Police application of counter insurgency strategies from the war on terror, ie community policing) https://xinjiangdocumentation.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2020/11/%E5%8F%8D%E6%81%90%E7%A4%BE%E5%8C%BA%E8%AD%A6%E5%8A%A1%E7%9A%84%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5\_%E5%A7%AC%E8%89%B3%E6%B6%9B.pdf
* (In Chinese) 反恐研究与新疆模式 (Auto translate: Anti-terrorism research and Xinjiang model) by Wang Dinf and Shandan (Advocates religious management as carried out in Xinjiang as the basis for “an anti-terrorism research system with Chinese characteristics”) https://xueshu.baidu.com/usercenter/paper/show?paperid=0b9f6b9bf63fd2cefb53c9b34cb85132&site=xueshu\_se

### **Relationship to Colonialism in China and Beyond**

* “The international development of China” by Sun Yat-Sen (written in 1920 by the first leader of Kuomintang, who is seen as a “Forerunner of the Revolution.” He dedicates a section to the colonization of Mongolia and Xinjiang, favorably comparing the concept to the US, Canada, Australia, and Argentia (Pg.10), referring to both as unpopulated (Pg.87), reminiscent of other colonial rhetorics, and advocating extensive agricultural cultivation (Pg.139-40) as well as iron (Pg.155), oil (Pg.157), and jade (Pg.158) mining in the region. https://archive.org/details/internationaldev00suny/page/138/mode/2up?q=sinkiang
* “Borderland Capitalism: Turkestan Produce, Qing Silver, and the Birth of an Eastern Market” by Kwangmin Kim https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=27275
* “Requiem for the ‘Living Dead’: Ten years after 7-5” by Darren Byler https://chuangcn.org/2019/07/requiem-for-the-living-dead/
* “How China’s ‘Xinjiang Mode’ draws from US, British, and Israeli counterinsurgency strategy: China's Han settler colonial model has turned Uyghur and Kazakh communities into open-air prisons” by Darren Byler  https://lausan.hk/2020/chinas-xinjiang-mode-counterinsurgency-strategy/
* “Imagining Re-Engineered Muslims in Northwest China” by Darren Byler https://www.milestonesjournal.net/photo-essays/2017/4/20/imagining-re-engineered-muslims-in-northwest-china
* “Uyghur love in a time of interethnic marriage: Since 2018, there has been a notable rise in articles promoting marriage between Han men and Uyghur women. At a time when many people across China think of Uyghur men as potential terrorists and Uyghur women as potential fashion models, a new interethnic sexual politics is being institutionalized across Xinjiang.” by Darren Byler https://supchina.com/2019/08/07/uyghur-love-in-a-time-of-interethnic-marriage/
* “China’s Government Has Ordered a Million Citizens to Occupy Uighur Homes. Here’s What They Think They’re Doing.” by Darren Byler https://www.chinafile.com/reporting-opinion/postcard/million-citizens-occupy-uighur-homes-xinjiang
* “Uyghur ‘caretaking’ and the isolation of reeducation: In Uyghur society, lending money is more than capital exchange, it's part of a practice that social theorist AbdouMaliq Simone refers to as “taking care.” In Xinjiang, as China's "People's War on Terror" accelerated, money transfers across international boundaries were seen as a possible sign of extremism — just another way that Uyghurs were cut off from their support networks and isolated from one another.” by Darren Byler https://supchina.com/2020/09/02/uyghur-care-taking-and-the-isolation-of-reeducation/
* “Internal Colonialism and the Uyghur Nationality: Chinese Nationalism and its Subaltern Subjects” by Dru C. Gladney https://journals.openedition.org/cemoti/pdf/48
* “Dislocating China. Muslims, Minorities, and Other Subaltern Subjects” by Dru C. Gladney https://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/pdf/556
* “Uneven State Territorialization: Governance, Inequality, and Survivance in Xinjiang, China” by Sarah Elizabeth Tynen https://scholar.colorado.edu/concern/graduate\_thesis\_or\_dissertations/7w62f830j
* “China : Xinjiang :: India : Kashmir” by Nitasha Kaul https://madeinchinajournal.com/2020/10/05/china-xinjiang-india-kashmir/
* “The Wang Lixiong prophecy: ‘Palestinization’ in Xinjiang and the consequences of Chinese state securitization of religion” by Joanne Smith Finley https://sci-hub.do/10.1080/02634937.2018.1534802
* “Dust storms, green waves: A lattice of violent, global relations sustains China's colonization of 'Xinjiang'” by Xqsu https://lausan.hk/2021/dust-storms-green-waves/
* “‘No CCP, No New China’: Pastoral Power in Official Narratives in China” by Xiaoling Zhang, Melissa Shani Brown and David O'Brien https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/china-quarterly/article/no-ccp-no-new-china-pastoral-power-in-official-narratives-in-china/7F50CD7A7731200ECF8D0A44CFFE6B6E
* “Settler Colonialism and the XPCC” by Woke Global Times: https://wokeglobaltimes.com/d22396fd9f0c445f99de6443c5f2dd01
* “Recruiting Loyal Stabilisers: On the Banality of Carceral Colonialism in Xinjiang” by Yi Xiaocuo https://madeinchinajournal.com/2019/10/25/recruiting-loyal-stabilisers-on-the-banality-of-carceral-colonialism-in-xinjiang/
* “China’s drive to settle new wave of migrants in restive Xinjiang: Residency rules in the region, the scene of violent attacks blamed on Muslim militants, are the most relaxed in the country, but relations between ethnic Han Chinese and local Uygurs remain distant and strained” https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/1789160/chinas-drive-settle-new-wave-migrants-restive-xinjiang
* “Hosting the hostage: Looking beneath China’s policy to infiltrate Uyghur homes: While programs such as “Visit the People, Benefit the People, and Bring Together the Hearts of the People” 访惠聚 and “United as One Family” 结对认亲 have conscripted over 1 million Han civilians and sent them to live with Uyghurs in arranged homestays, the Chinese Communist Party’s contrived attempt to require Han people to share intimate moments and spaces with Uyghurs is fraught with paternalism, deception, and ethnocentrism; as such, it will be unlikely to alleviate Uyghur distrust of the Party and Han people.” by Timothy A. Grose https://supchina.com/2020/07/24/hosting-the-hostage-looking-beneath-chinas-policy-to-infiltrate-uyghur-homes/
* “The Spatial Cleansing of Xinjiang: Mazar Desecration in Context” by Rian Thum (covering the destruction of an over 400 year old pilgrimage site in Xinjiang by the Chinese state as well as other religious and cultural sites) https://madeinchinajournal.com/2020/08/24/the-spatial-cleansing-of-xinjiang-mazar-desecration-in-context/
* “How the CCP Took over the Most Sacred of Uighur Rituals” by Timothy Grose (covers the mandatory inclusion of party cadre at weddings, other important life events, and religious ceremonies as well as restricting those who traditionally carried out these functions or explicitly banning them from doing so. This is not explicitly discussed as a colonial process but it is one) https://www.chinafile.com/reporting-opinion/viewpoint/how-ccp-took-over-most-sacred-of-uighur-rituals
* “If you don’t know how, just learn: Chinese housing and the transformation of Uyghur domestic space” by Timothy Grose https://xinjiangdocumentation.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2021/01/If-you-don-t-know-how-just-learn-Chinese-housing-and-the-transformation-of-Uyghur-domestic-space3.pdf
* “China's Counterinsurgency Strategy in Tibet and Xinjiang” by Liselotte Odgaard and Thomas Galasz Nielsen https://sci-hub.se/10.1080/10670564.2013.843934#
	+ “Tibet: Satellites Show New Internment Camps in Tibet: Internment camps like those built in East Turkestan for the Uyghur population are now spreading into Tibet. New satellite images show the recent construction of several prison-like camps in Chinese occupied Tibet. The name used by the Chinese Communist Party to describe those prisons is even more ridiculous than the ‘Reeducation Camps’ used to describe the ones in East Turkestan, as the CCP calls them ‘Buddhist Temples’” https://unpo.org/article/21403
	+ “Economic Expansion, Marketization, and Their Social Impact on China’s Ethnic Minorities in Xinjiang and Tibet” by Yuchao Zhu and Dongyan Blachford https://sci-hub.se/https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/as.2012.52.4.714?seq=1
	+ “Colonization with Chinese characteristics: politics of (in)security in Xinjiang and Tibet” by Dibyesh Anand https://sci-hub.se/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02634937.2018.1534801?src=recsys
* “Fear and oppression in Xinjiang: China’s war on Uighur culture: Beijing’s crackdown on minorities reflects a broader push towards a single ‘state-race’” by Christian Shepherd (includes discussion of the targeting and detention of Uyghur intellectuals) https://www.ft.com/content/48508182-d426-11e9-8367-807ebd53ab77
* “Land of Strangers the civilizing project in Qing central Asia” by Eric Schlussel https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=5D6E87D637DD93289CD1B8881EFB19D2
* “The ‘patriotism’ of not speaking Uyghur: Uyghur ‘patriotism’ now requires the active disavowal of the Uyghur way of life. Vague euphemisms like ‘patriotism,’ ‘harmony,’ ‘stability,’ ‘vocational training,’ and ‘poverty elimination’ gaslight the erasure of a native system of knowledge and the basic elements that make Uyghur life Uyghur: language, religion and culture” by Darren Byler https://supchina.com/2019/01/02/the-patriotism-of-not-speaking-uyghur/
* ““Violent Paternalism: On the Banality of Uyghur Unfreedom” by Darren Byler https://www.academia.edu/38022109/Violent\_Paternalism\_On\_the\_Banality\_of\_Uyghur\_Unfreedom
* “Standing with the Oppressed. On Colonialism and Terror-Capitalism in Xinjiang” https://nqch.org/2021/03/17/colonialism-and-terror-capitalism-in-xinjiang/
* “Terror Capitalism – The Enclosure of Uyghurs in Xinjiang” https://nqch.org/2021/01/21/podcast-terror-capitalism-xinjiang/
* The Hanification of Xinjiang, China: The Economic Effects of the Great Leap West” by Amy Liu and Kevin Peters https://sci-hub.do/10.1111/sena.12233
* “Why is China repressing the Uyghurs in Xinjiang? Like its counterparts in the West, the Chinese government is using the pretext of fighting "Islamic extremism" to expand its repressive powers and gain a geostrategic advantage.” by Eleanor Morley https://redflag.org.au/node/7314
* “Autonomy in Xinjiang: Han Nationalist Imperatives and Uyghur Discontent East-West Center Washington” by Gardner Bovingdon https://www.academia.edu/8061286/Autonomy\_in\_Xinjiang\_Han\_Nationalist\_Imperatives\_and\_Uyghur\_Discontent\_East\_West\_Center\_Washington
* “Advancing ‘Ethnic Unity’ and ‘De-Extremization’: Ideational Governance in Xinjiang under “New Circumstances” (2012–2017)” by Ondřej Klimeš https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322868597\_Advancing\_Ethnic\_Unity\_and\_De-Extremization\_Ideational\_Governance\_in\_Xinjiang\_under\_New\_Circumstances\_2012-2017
* “Blood and Fear in Xinjiang: The relationship between China's majority Han and its Uighurs has been fraught for years.” by James Palmer https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/03/02/blood-and-fear-in-xinjiang/
* (In Chinese) 浅析以色列反恐战略及对中国新疆反恐启示以“国安委”决策机制为视角 (Auto Translate: An Analysis of Israel’s Anti-terrorism Strategy and Its Enlightenment to China’s Xinjiang Anti-terrorism From the Perspective of the Decision-making Mechanism of the "National Security Committee") by Lu Peng & Cao Xuefei in the Journal of the Criminal Investigation Police university of China http://www.mbtsg.com/qikan/55ca2409d551547a6ddd5198b8573a7f.html
* “Chinese Academic Discourse: This annotated bibliography focuses on academic discourse in the past decade as a context leading to the current mass internment of Uyghurs, Kazakhs, and other Turkic peoples in Xinjiang. This list aims to show the development of academic justifications generated by Chinese Scholars. As part of the goal of this documentation project, we also host the original chinese articles on this site to prevent “link rot” and make them available for the future: This list will be updated regularly and is currently divided into three overarching themes 1) Minzu 民族 (ethnicity/nationality) 2) Stability 稳定 3) Development 发展” https://xinjiang.sppga.ubc.ca/policy-documents/chinese-academic-discourse/

### **Relation to Global Capital and Production**

* “Dispossession and displacement of migrant workers: the impact of state terror and economic development on Uyghurs in urban Xinjiang” by Sarah Tynen https://sci-hub.do/10.1080/02634937.2020.1743644
* “Forced Labour and Detainment Transfer: This timeline shows the steps Chinese authorities took to present the internment camps as ‘vocational training centers’. Under international pressure, state spokespersons have announced the camps as “closed” but in fact the detainees have either been transferred into long-term prisons or have become forced labourers” https://xinjiang.sppga.ubc.ca/timelines/forced-labour/
* “China’s Detention Camps for Muslims Turn to Forced Labor” by By Chris Buckley and Austin Ramzy https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/16/world/asia/xinjiang-china-forced-labor-camps-uighurs.html
* “Capitalism and ‘Culturecide’ The idea of ‘cultural differences’ has been used as a justification for some of humanity’s worst crimes.” By Ai Weiwei https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/13/opinion/ai-weiwei-germany-china.html
* “How brands are responding to China’s Xinjiang boycotts: deleting past statements or all-out flip-flops” by Grady McGregor https://fortune.com/2021/03/26/brands-respond-xinjiang-cotton-china-hm-zara-hugo-boss-fila/
* “H&M releases new statement following Xinjiang controversy, says China is a 'very important market'” https://news.yahoo.com/h-m-releases-statement-following-075110128.html?guccounter=1&guce\_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce\_referrer\_sig=AQAAALet9tc67vv8kdtyZbjbQQ0nCh2BM11-GACo2T0wt31OMbretxoMCEQEaGls0kuTGEPuWD1Ur-m6wor07a-chzYQ3lXZr-6XtgFt0yZE7SACA5Pp0FHGcPVfWsY36IaLapRnj20eb1fJ9gNOUUge9\_XMp9TwS1EKzAiPRxhseLv6
* “How companies profit from forced labor in Xinjiang: Factories of Turkic Muslim internment, part of China’s reeducation camp system, are subsidized and directed by the state, and employ many former detainees at a fraction of minimum wage. Companies, both Chinese and foreign, are taking advantage.” by Darren Byler https://supchina.com/2019/09/04/how-companies-profit-from-forced-labor-in-xinjiang/
* “The Digital Enclosure of Turkic Muslims: What makes the case in Northwest China unique is that the digital enclosure of Uyghur and Kazakh space also harnesses state power and private textile manufacturers to hold them in place in factories—producing a permanent underclass of ethno-racial minority industrial workers. Rather than banishing populations to human warehousing spaces such as peripheral ghettos or prisons, in this context terror capitalism works to explicitly “reeducate” the population as industrial workers and implement a forced labor regime.” by Darren Byler https://www.societyandspace.org/articles/the-digital-enclosure-of-turkic-muslims
* “Standing with the Oppressed. On Colonialism and Terror-Capitalism in Xinjiang” https://nqch.org/2021/03/17/colonialism-and-terror-capitalism-in-xinjiang/
* “Terror Capitalism – The Enclosure of Uyghurs in Xinjiang” https://nqch.org/2021/01/21/podcast-terror-capitalism-xinjiang/
* “Uighurs Sent From Camps to Factories, New Report Says: More than 80,000 Uighurs have been sent to work in factories making products for global brands, including Apple and Nike, according to a think tank report.” by Hamish Boland-Rudder and Douglas Dalby https://www.icij.org/investigations/china-cables/uighurs-sent-from-camps-to-factories-new-report-says/
* “Does VW profit from Uighur forced labor in Xinjiang?” From DW News https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nYmiq9wWcLk
* “Nike and Coca-Cola Lobby Against Xinjiang Forced Labor Bill: Business groups and major companies like Apple have been pressing Congress to alter legislation cracking down on imports of goods made with forced labor from persecuted Muslim minorities in China.” by Ana Swanson https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/29/business/economy/nike-coca-cola-xinjiang-forced-labor-bill.html
* “Apple is lobbying against a bill aimed at stopping forced labor in China: Apple wants to water down key provisions of the bill, which would hold U.S. companies accountable for using Uighur forced labor, according to two congressional staffers” by Reed Albergotti https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/11/20/apple-uighur/
* “China’s Concentration Camps For Uyghurs: In China’s Own Words” by the Communist Party of India Marxist leninist (Includes discussion of the use of forced labor in Xinjiang for a variety of global brands including Apple, Nike, Amazon, Samsung, Zara, H&M, Microsoft, Mercedes-Benz, and Uniqlo.) https://www.cpiml.net/liberation/2020/08/chinas-concentration-camps-for-uyghurs-in-chinas-own-words
* “US Solar Companies Rely On Materials From Xinjiang, Where Forced Labor Is Rampant: ‘It’s almost impossible to confidently assess the labor conditions in Xinjiang.’” by Megha Rajagopalan and Alison Killing https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/meghara/forced-labor-xinjiang-solar
* “China's human rights abuses may threaten U.S. solar” by David Iaconangelo and David Ferris https://www.eenews.net/stories/1063717011/
* “Human rights allegations in Xinjiang could jeopardize solar supply chain” by Michael Copley https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/human-rights-allegations-in-xinjiang-could-jeopardize-solar-supply-chain-60829945
* “Huge gas reserve found in NW China's Xinjiang” from Xinhua http://english.www.gov.cn/news/photos/202012/21/content\_WS5fdff11fc6d0f72576942342.html
* “US farm brand John Deere at forefront of surging cotton machinery sales to Xinjiang, as human rights sanctions loom: Sales of hi-tech US cotton-harvesting machinery to be used in Xinjiang rose by more than 4,000 per cent in April from a year earlier, a Post investigation shows John Deere has a heavy presence in the western Chinese region, where dominant entities face US sanctions over alleged human rights abuse” by Jacob Former, Cissy Zhou, and Finbarr Berminghamhttps://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3096510/us-farm-brand-john-deere-forefront-surging-cotton-machinery
* “Without land, there is no life: Chinese state suppression of Uyghur environmental activism” by Henryk Szadziewski https://www.academia.edu/35113490/Without\_land\_there\_is\_no\_life\_Chinese\_state\_suppression\_of\_Uyghur\_environmental\_activism
* “‘Capitalism Loving Disease”: Western China’s Hidden HIV epidemic” by Casey Halter http://www.hopesandfears.com/hopes/now/politics/215601-china-hiv-uyghur-xinjiang
* “How capitalism is enabling China's Uighur repression: Over 20 percent of the world's cotton comes from China, mostly from Xinjiang region” by Malia Bouattia https://english.alaraby.co.uk/english/comment/2020/12/23/how-capitalism-is-enabling-chinas-uighur-repression
* “Economic Expansion, Marketization, and Their Social Impact on China’s Ethnic Minorities in Xinjiang and Tibet” by Yuchao Zhu and Dongyan Blachford https://sci-hub.se/https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/as.2012.52.4.714?seq=1
* “Living on the Margins: The Chinese State's Demolition of Uyghur Communities” by Henryk Szadziewski https://www.academia.edu/35113422/Living\_on\_the\_Margins\_The\_Chinese\_States\_Demolition\_of\_Uyghur\_Communities
* “Rooted in Poverty?: The Political Economy of Terrorism in Xinjiang” by Weiwen Yin https://sci-hub.se/10.1017/S1468109916000311#
* “China: UN experts deeply concerned by alleged detention, forced labour of Uyghurs” from The UN Working Group on human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=26957&LangID=E
* “Minority Economy in Xinjiang -  A Source of Uyghur Resentment” by Debasish Chaudhuri https://www.academia.edu/24835119/A\_Source\_of\_Uyghur\_Resentment\_Minority\_Economy\_in\_Xinjiang
* “Why are US companies buying tech from Chinese firms that spy on Muslims? Amazon and IBM get Covid screening systems from companies that use their technology to oppress minority groups” by Darren Byler https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/aug/31/why-are-us-companies-buying-tech-from-chinese-firms-that-spy-on-muslims
* “China: Minority Region Collects DNA from Millions: Private Information Gathered by Police, Under Guise of Public Health Program” https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/12/13/china-minority-region-collects-dna-millions
* “China Uses DNA to Track Its People, With the Help of American Expertise: The Chinese authorities turned to a Massachusetts company and a prominent Yale researcher as they built an enormous system of surveillance and control.” by Sui-Lee Wee https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/21/business/china-xinjiang-uighur-dna-thermo-fisher.html
* “U.S. Firms Are Helping Build China’s Orwellian State: Tech partnerships are empowering new methods of control.” BY Lindsay Gorman and Matt Schrader https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/03/19/962492-orwell-china-socialcredit-surveillance/
* “How Oracle Sells its Repression in China: In its bid for TikTok, Oracle was supposed to prevent data from being passed to Chinese police. Instead, it’s been marketing its own software for their surveillance work.” by Mara Hvistendahl https://theintercept.com/2021/02/18/oracle-china-police-surveillance/
* “Major camera company can sort people by race, alert police when it spots Uighurs” by Johana Bhuiyan https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/story/2021-02-09/dahua-facial-recognition-china-surveillance-uighur
* “Alibaba Uyghur Recognition As A Service: Alibaba, the NYSE-listed 'Amazon of China' with a $700 billion+ market cap, openly offers Uyghur/'ethnic minority' recognition as a Cloud service, allowing customers to be alerted any time Alibaba detects a Uyghur.” by IPVM Team https://ipvm.com/reports/alibaba-uyghur
	+ Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5xvK1VqjkM&feature=youtu.be
* “Revealed: New videos expose China’s forced migration of Uyghurs during the pandemic: Dozens of Chinese TikTok videos show Uyghurs being transported to work in involuntary labor schemes during the Covid-19 outbreak” https://www.codastory.com/authoritarian-tech/china-uyghur-migration/
* “China plans to send Uygur Muslims from Xinjiang re-education camps to work in other parts of country: Inmates who have undergone compulsory re-education programme to be moved to other parts of China under job placement scheme delayed by Covid-19 outbreak Critics have said the camps are a move to eradicate cultural and religious identity but Beijing has defended them as way of boosting job opportunities and combating Islamic radicalisation” by SCMP Reporters https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3082602/china-plans-send-ugyur-muslims-xinjiang-re-education-camps-work
* “China: 83 major brands implicated in report on forced labour of ethnic minorities from Xinjiang assigned to factories across provinces; Includes company responses” https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/china-83-major-brands-implicated-in-report-on-forced-labour-of-ethnic-minorities-from-xinjiang-assigned-to-factories-across-provinces-includes-company-responses/
* “Growing evidence Uighurs forced to work in China factories-report: Report finds Uighurs working in Chinese factories that are in the supply chains of 83 global brands” https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2020/3/2/growing-evidence-uighurs-forced-to-work-in-china-factories-report

### **On “Extremism” as a (Poor) Justification**

* “Requiem for the ‘Living Dead’: Ten years after 7-5” by Darren Byler https://chuangcn.org/2019/07/requiem-for-the-living-dead/
* “‘War on Terror’ as a Diversionary Strategy: Personifying Minorities as Terrorists in the People's Republic of China” by Kilic Bugra Kanat https://sci-hub.st/10.1080/13602004.2012.746179
* **“**Full transcript: Interview with Xinjiang government chief on counterterrorism, vocational education and training in Xinjiang” by Xinhua http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-10/16/c\_137535821.htm
* “China’s ‘War on Terror’ uproots families, leaked data shows” by Dake Kang https://apnews.com/article/890b79866c9eb1451ddf67b121272ee2
* “The 2017 Xinjiang De-extremiﬁcation Regulations” (coverage and translation of the “Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region De-extremiﬁcation Regulations” demonstrating how broad the definition of extremism is, including Growing your beard too long ("abnormally"), Wearing niqāb of your own accord, Naming your child Mohammad (Sharing any content the state, through its extremely broad and vague definition of extremism, finds objectionable, Saying something interpreted by the state as extremist to others, and Protesting any of these policies you find objectionable. https://wokeglobaltimes.com/33a959dd06214e1f9d1be3dfaef2b4e2
	+ Archived here (in Chinese): https://web.archive.org/web/20180518073906/http://www.xinjiang.gov.cn/2017/03/30/128831.html
	+ Coverage of the 2018 version of the same law which includes “rejecting or refusing public goods and services such as radio and television,” “ Generalizing the concept of Halal," Wearing, or compelling others to wear, burqas with face coverings, or to bear symbols of extremification,” “Spreading religious fanaticism through irregular beards or name selection” “Failing to perform the legal formalities in marrying or divorcing by religious methods” (which as another article in this lists points out includes a mandate to have party cadre at your wedding) and various forms of resistance to these policies as justification for detention. https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/decision-to-revise-the-xinjiang-uighur-autonomous-region-regulation-on-de-extremification/
* “Top China Official urges ‘reform through education’ for Xinjiang Prisoners” by Reuters Staff https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-xinjiang/top-china-official-urges-reform-through-education-for-xinjiang-prisoners-idUSKCN1M10ES
* “The Wang Lixiong prophecy: ‘Palestinization’ in Xinjiang and the consequences of Chinese state securitization of religion” by Joanne Smith Finley https://sci-hub.do/10.1080/02634937.2018.1534802
* “Imagining Re-Engineered Muslims in Northwest China” by Darren Byler https://www.milestonesjournal.net/photo-essays/2017/4/20/imagining-re-engineered-muslims-in-northwest-china
* “Uyghur ‘caretaking’ and the isolation of reeducation: In Uyghur society, lending money is more than capital exchange, it's part of a practice that social theorist AbdouMaliq Simone refers to as “taking care.” In Xinjiang, as China's "People's War on Terror" accelerated, money transfers across international boundaries were seen as a possible sign of extremism — just another way that Uyghurs were cut off from their support networks and isolated from one another.” by Darren Byler https://supchina.com/2020/09/02/uyghur-care-taking-and-the-isolation-of-reeducation/
* “China’s Protracted Securitization of Xinjiang: Origins of a Surveillance State” by Pablo Rodríguez-Merino https://www.e-ir.info/2018/08/15/chinas-protracted-securitization-of-xinjiang-origins-of-a-surveillance-state/
* “China’s Concentration Camps For Uyghurs: In China’s Own Words” by the Communist Party of India Marxist leninist (includes discussion of why communists should not accept cultural explanations for “extremism” and must understand what drives it materially) https://www.cpiml.net/liberation/2020/08/chinas-concentration-camps-for-uyghurs-in-chinas-own-words
* “China's "War on Terror": September 11 and Uighur Separatism” by Chien-peng Chung https://sci-hub.st/10.2307/20033235
* **“**Full transcript: Interview with Xinjiang government chief on counterterrorism, vocational education and training in Xinjiang” (in this interview he discusses how people accused of minor offenses are detained but may be made to do labor instead of punishment) by Xinhua http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-10/16/c\_137535821.htm
* “The Elephant in the XUAR: I. Entire families sentenced” by Gene A Bunin (covers collective punishment of families as a pattern) https://livingotherwise.com/2020/12/09/the-elephant-in-the-xuar-i-entire-families-sentenced/
* “Rooted in Poverty?: The Political Economy of Terrorism in Xinjiang” by Weiwen Yin https://sci-hub.se/10.1017/S1468109916000311#
* “Minority Economy in Xinjiang -  A Source of Uyghur Resentment” by Debasish Chaudhuri https://www.academia.edu/24835119/A\_Source\_of\_Uyghur\_Resentment\_Minority\_Economy\_in\_Xinjiang
* “‘Once Their Mental State Is Healthy, They Will Be Able to Live Happily in Society’: How China’s Government Conflates Uighur Identity with Mental Illness” by Timothy Grose https://www.chinafile.com/reporting-opinion/viewpoint/once-their-mental-state-healthy-they-will-be-able-live-happily-society
* “Fear and oppression in Xinjiang: China’s war on Uighur culture: Beijing’s crackdown on minorities reflects a broader push towards a single ‘state-race’” by Christian Shepherd (includes discussion of the targeting and detention of Uyghur intellectuals) https://www.ft.com/content/48508182-d426-11e9-8367-807ebd53ab77
* “Advancing ‘Ethnic Unity’ and ‘De-Extremization’: Ideational Governance in Xinjiang under “New Circumstances” (2012–2017)” by Ondřej Klimeš https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322868597\_Advancing\_Ethnic\_Unity\_and\_De-Extremization\_Ideational\_Governance\_in\_Xinjiang\_under\_New\_Circumstances\_2012-2017
* “Reporter's Notebook: Uighurs Held For 'Extremist Thoughts' They Didn't Know They Had” by Rob Schmitz https://www.npr.org/2019/05/07/720608802/reporters-notebook-uighurs-held-for-extremist-thoughts-they-didnt-know-they-had
* “Why China Is Banning Islamic Veils: And Why It Won’t Work” by Timothy Grose and James Leibold https://www.chinafile.com/reporting-opinion/viewpoint/why-china-banning-islamic-veils
* “Autonomy in Xinjiang: Han Nationalist Imperatives and Uyghur Discontent East-West Center Washington” by Gardner Bovingdon https://www.academia.edu/8061286/Autonomy\_in\_Xinjiang\_Han\_Nationalist\_Imperatives\_and\_Uyghur\_Discontent\_East\_West\_Center\_Washington
* (In Chinese) 反恐社区警务的理论与实践 (Auto translate: Theory and Practice of Police Affairs in Anti-terrorism Community) by Ji Yantao and Yin Wei in Journal of People’s Public Security University of China (Social Sciences Edition) (argues for preventative policing based in global counter-insurgency strategy and reminiscent of the US, Police application of counter insurgency strategies from the war on terror, ie community policing) https://xinjiangdocumentation.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2020/11/%E5%8F%8D%E6%81%90%E7%A4%BE%E5%8C%BA%E8%AD%A6%E5%8A%A1%E7%9A%84%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5\_%E5%A7%AC%E8%89%B3%E6%B6%9B.pdf
* (In Chinese) 识别宗教极端活动（75种具体表现）基础知识 (Auto Translate: Identify the basic knowledge of religious extreme activities 75 specific manifestations) hosted by the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Committee United Front Work Department (extremely broad and many open to interpretation reasons to label someone an extremist include resisting, opposing, or refusal to obey current policy, wearing religious clothing, practicing Halal for things besides just food, closing a restaurant on Ramadan, Storing or buying a large amount of food, quitting drinking or smoking, fleeing ones home, gathering with too many people, going to religious ceremonies in other villages or internationally “without proper reason,” wearing or displaying explicitly star and moon symbols or patterns, cultural exchanges teaching Turkish, Urdu, or Arabic, praying collectively anywhere besides a mosque, purchasing gym equipment,  maps, compasses, binoculars, ropes, tents and other items “without proper reason,” reading or owning illegal religious or political books, ebooks, and materials, Using satellites or radio to watch or listen to foreign broadcasts, conducting religious ceremonies without consent of “patriotic religious groups,” going on a non organized Hajj, and Performing religious marriages or divorces without state approval)  https://archive.vn/XLxqi

### **Uyghur Refugees**

* “After Uighurs Escape China, They Face the U.S. Asylum System: Uighur asylum seekers in Virginia thought they would be safe here. But new rules delay work permits, draining savings and risking survival.” (Despite the title this is not only about refugee experiences in the US) https://prospect.org/world/after-uighurs-escape-china-face-u-s-asylum-system/
* “Controversial trial in Kazakhstan sheds light on Chinese camps: China’s attempts to suppress information about Xinjiang open floodgates to scrutiny of its indoctrination policy.” (covers the case of a Uygur refugee who was arrested fleeing to Kazakhstan and the surrounding case. Note the relation to global border systems.) https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/odr/controversial-trial-in-kazakhstan-sheds-light-on-chinese-camps/
* “Kazakh court frees woman who fled Chinese re-education camp: Sayragul Sauytbay said during trial she had worked at ‘prison in the mountains’ in Xinjiang: Sayragul Sauytbay said during trial she had worked at ‘prison in the mountains’ in Xinjiang” by Lily Kuo https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/01/kazakh-court-frees-woman-who-fled-chinese-re-education-camp
* “Uyghur refugees speak out against genocide and crimes against humanity” By Marga Zambrana https://www.equaltimes.org/uyghur-refugees-speak-out-against
* “Carefully, Kazakhstan Confronts China About Kazakhs in Xinjiang Re-Education Camps: Astana can’t afford to push Beijing too hard, even on behalf of its own citizens detained in Xinjiang re-education camps.” by Catherine Putz https://thediplomat.com/2018/06/carefully-kazakhstan-confronts-china-about-kazakhs-in-xinjiang-re-education-camps/
* “She survived a Chinese internment camp and made it to Virginia. Will the U.S. let her stay?” By Emily Rauhala and and Anna Fifield (includes mention of forced sterilization) https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/11/17/she-survived-chinese-internment-camp-made-it-virginia-will-us-let-her-stay/?arc404=true
* “Ferkat Jawdat is risking everything to speak out about China’s crackdown on Uyghurs (covers being labeled a terrorist and the threats on his family for speaking out, also covers his mother’s detention) https://nuvoices.com/2020/07/13/ferkat-jawdat-is-risking-everything-to-speak-out-about-chinas-crackdown-on-uyghurs/
* “China’s Uighurs still caught in jaws of Thai Immigration” by The Nation Thailand  https://www.nationthailand.com/opinion/30364100
* “China to neighbours: Send us your Uighurs: Afghanistan is among several countries under pressure to deport Chinese members of the Muslim ethnic group.” by Bethany Matta https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2015/02/18/china-to-neighbours-send-us-your-uighurs/
* “Thailand: Uyghur Escape Draws International Focus on Minority Muslim Group” by BenarNews staff https://www.benarnews.org/english/news/thai/uyghur-update-01232020181558.html
* “Uzbekistan’s invisible Uighurs: The plight of Uighurs is object of an unspoken policy of censorship” https://eurasianet.org/uzbekistans-invisible-uighurs
* “Egyptian Police Detain Uighurs and Deport Them to China” by Nour Youssef https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/06/world/asia/egypt-muslims-uighurs-deportations-xinjiang-china.html
* “Malaysia’s New Govt Says it Won’t Hand Over Uyghur Refugees to China” by Noah Lee https://www.benarnews.org/english/news/malaysian/Uyghurs-09042020182238.html
* “Malaysia released Uygurs because they ‘did nothing wrong’, PM Mahathir Mohamad says, in move likely to strain relations with China” https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/2168563/malaysias-mahathir-disregards-china-says-uygurs-released
* “Thailand defends Uighur deportation to China: 'We didn't send them all back' Following international criticism, Bangkok claims China had asked for all Uighur Muslims to be sent back, but only 100 were deported” https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/10/thailand-defends-uighur-deportation-to-china-we-didnt-send-them-all-back
* “Thailand Says It Rejected China’s Request to Deport All Uighur Muslims” by Amy Sawitta Leffevre & Pracha Hariraksapitak https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/asia/thailand-says-it-rejected-chinas-request-to-deport-all-uighur-muslims.html
* “Why Thailand Returned the Uyghurs: The move, condemned by the UN, reflects an increasing alignment.” by Robert Potter https://thediplomat.com/2015/08/what-thailand-returned-the-uyghurs/
* “Turkey accused of deporting Uighurs back to China via third countries: Uighur Muslims fear their relatives have been deported to Tajikistan, from where Beijing can more easily secure their extradition” https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/uighurs-china-turkey-accused-deporting-third-countries
* “They Thought They’d Left The Surveillance State Behind. They Were Wrong: China is using its huge digital surveillance system, and the threat of sending family members to reeducation camps, to pressure minorities to spy on their fellow exiles.” by Megha Rajagopalan https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/meghara/china-uighur-spies-surveillance
* “Indonesia deported three Uygurs to China before Pompeo visit, security source says: The action came before US secretary of state urged Muslim youth group not to ‘look away’ from the suffering of Muslim Uygurs in Xinjiang. Human Rights Watch said the three men were almost certain to be mistreated upon their return to China” by Amy Chew https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3107868/indonesia-deported-three-uygurs-china-pompeo-visit-security
* “Malaysia stands firm on not deporting Uygurs, risking Beijing’s anger: Malaysia’s position, revealed in a written parliamentary reply, could result in some Uygurs in Southeast Asia seeking refuge in the Muslim-majority country: The hardline stance contrasts with that of Indonesia, which sent three Uygurs to Beijing at China’s behest last month” by Amy Chew https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3109885/malaysia-stands-firm-uygur-deportations-risking-chinas-wrath-and
* “China’s Xinjiang work in Turkey” by Ondřej Klimeš https://sinopsis.cz/en/klimes-xinjiang-turkey/
* “‘Heaviness in the stomach’: A Uyghur daughter alone in America on her birthday during a pandemic” by Darren Byler https://supchina.com/2020/04/01/a-uyghur-daughter-alone-in-america-during-a-pandemic/
* “List of diaspora voices” https://wokeglobaltimes.com/ed10f27b02514194ba1c478faa7da253
* Uyghur Refugees: Covid-19 Emergency Relief Fund: https://www.uyghurcongress.org/en/uyghur-refugees-covid-19-emergency-relief-fund/ [EN]
* "Activists: Morocco arrests Uyghur man at China’s request" by Tarik El Barakah and Angela Charlton https://apnews.com/article/government-and-politics-middle-east-africa-europe-china-1788d4f54d0e2d56b612468f02bac125 [EN]

### **International Solidarity, Particularly of Oppressed People**

* “Building Solidarity Among Women in the Long Aftermath of Genocidal Violence” by Jasmina Tesanovic https://www.societyandspace.org/articles/building-solidarity-among-women-in-the-long-aftermath-of-genocidal-violence
* “Fighting anti-Asian violence cannot include apologism for the Chinese state: The movement against anti-Asian violence must not become yet another bargaining chip between two repressive super powers.” by Promise Li https://lausan.hk/2021/fighting-anti-asian-violence/
* “China’s Concentration Camps For Uyghurs: In China’s Own Words” by the Communist Party of India Marxist leninist https://www.cpiml.net/liberation/2020/08/chinas-concentration-camps-for-uyghurs-in-chinas-own-words
* “Reflecting on the persecution of Uyghur Muslims from the perspective of  the genocide of the Rohingya: This article addresses aspects of Myanmar’s genocide of the Rohingya people in the hope of contributing a) to a conceptual understanding of China’s genocidal persecution of its Uyghur Muslim minority, and b) to a civil society strategy for combatting genocide.” by Penny Green https://www.societyandspace.org/articles/reflecting-on-the-persecution-of-uyghur-muslims-from-the-perspective-of-the-genocide-of-the-rohingya
* “China : Xinjiang :: India : Kashmir” by Nitasha Kaul https://madeinchinajournal.com/2020/10/05/china-xinjiang-india-kashmir/
* Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research poll from 9-12 September 2020 including results on Palestinain views on Xinjiang finding: “80% of the Palestinians believe that if press reports about the treatment of the Uighur Muslims in China are true, Palestinians should condemn the Chines policy towards its Muslim community and 15% disagree with that. Support for condemning China in such case is a little higher in the West Bank (81%) compared to the Gaza Strip (77%), in villages (90%) compared to cities and refugee camps (79% and 68% respectively), and among supporters of Fatah (83%) compared to supporters of Hamas and third parties (77% and 76% respectively). An overwhelming majority of 79% indicates that it does not believe the statement of the Chinese government that the camps built by China to allegedly detain the Uighur Muslims are in fact teaching centers aiming at eradicating extremism; 10% believe the Chinese statement. Similarly, an overwhelming majority of 83% believes that world Muslims should express solidarity with the Uighur Muslims against the Chinese government while 10% disagree with that.” http://www.pcpsr.org/sites/default/files/Poll%2077%20English%20full%20text%20September2020.pdf
* “China is perpetrating genocide. We’ve seen this before.” by Chad gibbs (writen by holocaust survivors making direct connection between the selling of human hair from concentration camps in Xinjiang and Nazi Germany) https://forward.com/opinion/451278/china-is-perpetrating-genocide-weve-seen-this-before/
* “Why is China repressing the Uyghurs in Xinjiang? Like its counterparts in the West, the Chinese government is using the pretext of fighting "Islamic extremism" to expand its repressive powers and gain a geostrategic advantage.” by Eleanor Morley https://redflag.org.au/node/7314
* A thread detailing a meeting between Black and Uyghur community leaders (including the author of “Black in China”) as well as solidarity efforts to oppose genocide denial: https://twitter.com/Locadoes/status/1376013713912836098?s=20
* “Protests in Bangladesh, Nepal over persecution of Uyghurs in China” from India Blooms News Service https://www.indiablooms.com/world-details/SA/26760/protests-in-bangladesh-nepal-over-persecution-of-uyghurs-in-china.html
* “Indian Muslims protest China’s detention of Uighur Muslims” (A protest including Raza Academy which has also organized protests against violence against muslims in india) https://apnews.com/article/02b0eb7b1aec4a8fba879c8fd8961ef7
* “In KL, [Kuala Lumpur] hundreds of Muslims protest against China’s treatment of Uighurs” by Azril Annuar, Jerry Choong, and Soo Wern Jun https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/12/27/in-kl-hundreds-of-muslims-protest-against-chinas-treatment-of-uighurs/1822584
* “Indonesian Muslims Protest China’s Uyghur Abuses: More than a thousand protesters marched to the Chinese embassy in downtown Jakarta.” by Niniek Karmini https://thediplomat.com/2019/12/indonesian-muslims-protest-chinas-uyghur-abuses/
* “#MetooUyghur campaign asks Chinese government to prove that Xinjiang detainees are still alive” https://globalvoices.org/2019/02/13/metoouyghur-campaign-asks-chinese-government-to-prove-that-xinjiang-detainees-are-still-alive/
* “Standing with the Oppressed. On Colonialism and Terror-Capitalism in Xinjiang” https://nqch.org/2021/03/17/colonialism-and-terror-capitalism-in-xinjiang/
* “Confronting China’s War on Terror: Muslim minorities in Xinjiang are facing unprecedented repression. David Brophy argues that socialists should offer solidarity to the repressed minorities without pinning hopes on Washington as an ally of the Uyghur cause.” by David Brophy https://www.rs21.org.uk/2018/12/14/confronting-chinas-war-on-terror/
* "AP Exclusive: Diplomats say China puts squeeze on Ukraine" by Jamey Keaten https://apnews.com/article/united-nations-china-europe-ukraine-health-a0a5ae8f735b92e39c623e453529cbb9

### **Pushing back against Denial and Apologism**

* “China, the Canadian left, and countering state capitalist apologia” by Vincent Wong https://briarpatchmagazine.com/articles/view/china-the-canadian-left-and-countering-state-capitalist-apologia
* “Fighting anti-Asian violence cannot include apologism for the Chinese state: The movement against anti-Asian violence must not become yet another bargaining chip between two repressive super powers.” by Promise Li https://lausan.hk/2021/fighting-anti-asian-violence/
* “How brands are responding to China’s Xinjiang boycotts: deleting past statements or all-out flip-flops” by Grady McGregor https://fortune.com/2021/03/26/brands-respond-xinjiang-cotton-china-hm-zara-hugo-boss-fila/
* “We have not heard from my baba-jaan’s relatives in kashgar for almost two years now: The work of resistance and dismantling all systems of oppression is messy. We cannot dispose of people whose lived experiences do not match up to our ideological assumptions and projections.” https://daikon.co.uk/blog/we-have-not-heard-from-my-baba-jaans-relatives-in-kashgar-for-almost-two-years-now
* “Pro-Beijing influencers and their rose-tinted view of life in Xinjiang: A network of social media personalities cast doubt on Uyghur abuses in Xinjiang” by BY Isobel Cockerell https://www.codastory.com/authoritarian-tech/influencers-xinjiang-denialism/
* “The China-based foreigners defending Beijing from Xinjiang genocide claims: Chinese foreign ministry highlights remarks by Shenzhen-based Canadian to counter allegations of human rights abuses Counter-narrative describes Western efforts to undermine and destabilise China by criticising policies in its remote western region” by Holly Chik and Eduardo Baptista https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3127611/china-based-foreigners-defending-beijing-xinjiang-genocide
* “China’s Concentration Camps For Uyghurs: In China’s Own Words” by the Communist Party of India Marxist leninist (demands thinking materially on the question of extremism and explicitly saying “No one should choose to believe or disbelieve facts, or support or oppose oppression, based on “camps” in the global world order.”) https://www.cpiml.net/liberation/2020/08/chinas-concentration-camps-for-uyghurs-in-chinas-own-words
* “Neither Washington nor Beijing: The Left Must Stand With the Uighurs” by Ben Towse (points to the possibility of working class solidarity with Uyghurs) https://novaramedia.com/2020/08/05/neither-washington-nor-beijing-the-left-must-stand-with-the-uighurs/
* “Netizen Voices: ‘Don’t just Support Xinjiang Cotton, Support Xinjiang People” by John Chan (in the face of a nationalist consumer narrative in defense of cotton produced by forced labor, and despite censorship, many people were on chinese social media were critical of this narrative)
	+ English: https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2021/03/netizen-voices-dont-support-xinjiang-cotton-support-xinjiang-people-instead
	+ Chinese: https://chinadigitaltimes.net/chinese/663984.html
* “People in China Left Wondering, ‘What Happened in Xinjiang?’: Boycott Introduces Netizens to Previously Unknown Abuses” by Yaqiu Wang https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/03/25/people-china-left-wondering-what-happened-xinjiang
* “‘Truth hidden in the dark’: Chinese international student responses to Xinjiang:’ I grew up (with the idea) being instilled (in me) that fifty-six nations compose one family. This was the first time that a person showed me a social issue which was hidden by the media.’” by Darren Byler https://supchina.com/2019/05/01/truth-hidden-in-the-dark-chinese-international-student-responses-to-xinjiang/
* “‘The atmosphere has become abnormal’: Han Chinese views from Xinjiang: Around 9.5 million Han Chinese live in Xinjiang, making up about 40% of the region's population. How do they view Beijing's policies of surveillance and Uyghur reeducation?” by Darren Byler https://supchina.com/2020/11/04/han-chinese-views-from-xinjiang/
* “How Beijing silences Chinese voices against oppression of Uyghurs” by Alice Su https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2021-04-01/china-xinjiang-uyghur-han-censorship-nationalism
* “Blogging Fanghuiju: State Surveillance, Propaganda Work, and Coerced Gratitude” https://xinjiang.sppga.ubc.ca/policy-documents/government-sources/online-sources/bloggingfanghuiju/
* “Abandoning Criticism of China’s Government Isn’t the Right Way to End Anti-Asian Racism in the U.S.” by Ho-fung Hung https://www.chinafile.com/reporting-opinion/viewpoint/abandoning-criticism-of-chinas-government-isnt-right-way-end-anti-asian
* “In China’s State News Media, What Is Said May Not Be What’s Printed” by Javier C. Hernandez https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20151015/c15sino-news/en-us/
* “China’s state media defends Xinjiang Muslim crackdown: More than one million Uighurs are estimated to be in detention in ‘counter-extremism centres’ in China’s far west.” https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2018/08/13/chinas-state-media-defends-xinjiang-muslim-crackdown/
* “Leftist defense of persecution of Uyghurs triggers a fierce response from professors: An open letter signed by 35 international academics called out a Monthly Review article that denied the persecution of China’s Muslim minority” by Isobel Cockerell https://www.codastory.com/disinformation/academics-confront-xinjiang-denialism/
* A thread detailing a meeting between Black and Uyghur community leaders (including the author of “Black in China”) as well as solidarity efforts to oppose genocide denial: https://twitter.com/Locadoes/status/1376013713912836098?s=20
* “But international observers are allowed to visit! (This shows camps are humane)” https://wokeglobaltimes.com/aac16063149c4e37a8e3ee58066c4837
* “But some Uyghur on Twitter lied! (This is just like Nayirah)” https://wokeglobaltimes.com/137db32016d64e81adb0f5fe54266dee
* “But an Army colonel said it's all a plot!” https://wokeglobaltimes.com/de211c4aa1de42d188092aec609a70b1
* "The faux anti-imperialism of denying anti-Uighur atrocities" by Azeezah Kanji and David Palumbo-Liu https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2021/5/14/the-faux-anti-imperialism-of-denying-anti-uighur [EN] (Qatari state-owned media with anti-Saudi geopolitics)
* "Yes, the Uyghur Genocide Is Real" by New American Left https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yd9Vi0SqXfo (deleted, folks brigaded because
* NAL was a reformed anarcho-capitalist from 2016 who became a market socialist)
* "Cutting Through the BS on Xinjiang: Uyghur Genocide or Vocational Training?" by BadEmpanada https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cz9ICFDk8Js (BadEmpanada's behavior on Twitter is reprehensible)
* "Roméo Dallaire urges Canada to act on 'genocide' in China" https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/romeo-dallaire-genocide-china-1.5944504 (Dallaire pushed back on Rwandan genocide denialism)
* "Philippe Sands on the Uighurs: 'Why does it matter if we call it a genocide?'" by Ido Vock https://www.newstatesman.com/world/asia/2020/07/philippe-sands-uighurs-why-does-it-matter-if-we-call-it-genocide [EN] (archived: https://archive.is/LPmns, talks about how western nations deliberately diluted Lemkin's definition of genocide)
* "Defining Genocide" by Anoosh Chakelian https://www.newstatesman.com/international/places/2020/07/definition-genocide-Uighur-Armenian-Holocaust-slavery (archived: https://archive.is/AAtau, written by an Armenian, talks about how Lemkin's definition was diluted)

### **Population, Birth-Rate, and Other Data**

* China Statistical yearbook (shows: The birth-rate in Xinjiang was 15.88% in 2017, 10.69% in 2018, and 8.14% in 2019. Almost 50% decline in two years, which is not mirrored in the rest of China and does nto follow trends anywhere in the world. The death rate went from 4.48% to 4.56% to 4.45 in the same period. When birth-rate drops because of development death-rate drops too so this is not caused by development. Also note that Xinjiang's minority population declined from 16,544,800 in 2017, to 14,977,200 in 2018, to 14,899,400. At the same time the Han population increased and so the minority percentage dropped from 67.68% to 60.22% to 59.05%. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2020/indexeh.htm
	+ Graphs based on this data: (note the population was increasing until camps were formed and sterilizations started, and that the specifically Uyghur data cuts off at that point but the minority population in Xinjiang, including Uyghurs and other groups, declined after that point)
	+ Another Chart based off the same data (comparing the drop in birth-rate by Province, Xinjiang is circled and demonstrates a clear and extreme outlier, including compared to other provinces in which the one child policy was only recently introduced)

* Based on data from: “Fifty Years in Xinjiang (table 2-1), The Statistical Yearbook of Xinjiang over the years” (Note the incredibly stark drop in the last two-three years. This does not follow the trends of birth-rate decrease as driven by development in china or in general)

Source: http://www.ecns.cn/news/politics/2021-01-07/detail-ihafkemm6622233.shtml

* Based on data from China’s “National Statistics Yearbook” (note that compared to the rest of china, and even compared to autonomous regions with high birth-rates, which have declined in recent years, the decline in Xinjiang is incredibly pronounced, even dropping below the national rate)

Source: https://www.voanews.com/east-asia-pacific/voa-news-china/chinese-statistics-reveal-plummeting-births-xinjiang-during

* Based on data from Tianshan Net, Xinjiang People’s Procuratorate Annual Work Reports (2014-2017), Supreme People’s Procuratorate Annual Work Reports (2013-2017) (note Xinjiang is only about 1.5% of the chinese population) source: https://www.nchrd.org/2018/07/criminal-arrests-in-xinjiang-account-for-21-of-chinas-total-in-2017/

* Based on data from the China Health Statistical Yearbook: (Also note: “The 2019 Yearbook contraceptive data for Xinjiang is unusual. While it records 1,244,886 instances of contraceptive operations (including 89,018 IUD removals—on a side note, at 7.15%, this is a proportion far lower than pre-2017 averages, wherein removals made up 20-30% of all contraceptive operations), it is only able to account for 45.09% of them in its composition data (cf. 95.05% for the 2018 Yearbook, 92.04% for 2016, 88.26% for 2013, 87.6% for 2011). The only area with comparably low composition data is Tibet, which had less than 3% of the total operations Xinjiang did in 2019, and unlike Xinjiang, historically has had incomplete composition data. This is a pattern we might expect to see if large numbers of procedures suddenly were performed outside of normal clinical contexts or where data is otherwise suppressed. This is not definitive evidence by any means, but it is something we might expect to see if sterilizations were suddenly occurring outside of normal clinical contexts.”)  Source: https://wokeglobaltimes.com/d4b7ba7e7ed746f78ef2c6100464f6fa

Also based on the 2019 Xinjiang Statistical Yearbook (note that non-Han areas have seen a disproportionately large number of birth control procedures.)

### **Photographic Evidence**

* Photographic evidence of Mosque destruction using google maps compiled by a Uyghur man whose Father was detained finding that “about 30% of Mosques (about 5000) were completely demolished. 80% of domes and towers were demolished/removed from Mosques and other architecture in XUAR.” (includes photos) https://www.uyghurism.com/culturalgenocide
	+ “Revealed: new evidence of China's mission to raze the mosques of Xinjiang” by Lily Kuo https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/07/revealed-new-evidence-of-chinas-mission-to-raze-the-mosques-of-xinjiang
	+ “China Is Erasing Mosques and Precious Shrines in Xinjiang” by Chris Buckley and Austin Ramzy https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/09/25/world/asia/xinjiang-china-religious-site.html
	+ "Cultural erasure: Tracing the destruction of Uyghur and Islamic spaces in Xinjiang" by Nathan Ruser, James Leibold, Kelsey Munro, and Tilla Hoja https://www.aspi.org.au/report/cultural-erasure (Australian Strategic Policy Institute recieves funding from Australian government)
* “China Secretly Built A Vast New Infrastructure To Imprison Muslims” (satellite photos and maps of locations for the camps)
	+ “Inside A Xinjiang Detention Camp” by Megha Rajagopalan and Alison Killing (satellite photos and maps of reconstructions of the camps) https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/meghara/inside-xinjiang-detention-camp
	+ “The Factories in the Camps: Observers have long warned of rising forced labor in Xinjiang. Satellite images show factories built just steps away from cell blocks” (many photos of camps including of work sites) https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/alison\_killing/xinjiang-camps-china-factories-forced-labor
* “Revealed: New videos expose China’s forced migration of Uyghurs during the pandemic: Dozens of Chinese TikTok videos show Uyghurs being transported to work in involuntary labor schemes during the Covid-19 outbreak” https://www.codastory.com/authoritarian-tech/china-uyghur-migration/
* “China’s Vanishing Muslims: Undercover In The Most Dystopian Place In The World” from VICENewsTonight: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v7AYyUqrMuQ
* “Blanked-Out Spots On China's Maps Helped Us Uncover Xinjiang's Camps: China's Baidu blanked out parts of its mapping platform. We used those locations to find a network of buildings bearing the hallmarks of prisons and internment camps in Xinjiang. Here's how we did it.” by Megha Rajagopalan and Alison Killing https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/alison\_killing/satellite-images-investigation-xinjiang-detention-camps
* “UBC student uses satellite images to track suspected Chinese re-education centres where Uyghurs imprisoned” by Nathan Vanderklippe https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-ubc-student-uses-satellite-images-to-track-suspected-chinese-re/
* “‘They screamed like babies’: Uyghur prisoner describes abuse in Xinjiang: In one of the most detailed accounts from a Uyghur prisoner in Xinjiang to date, the fashion model Merdan Ghappar leaked video and text describing his detention, including instances of torture that he witnessed. Ghappar’s account shows that even well-integrated Uyghurs are being targeted, and that arbitrary detentions have continued into 2020.” by lucas Niewenhuis https://supchina.com/2020/08/05/they-screamed-like-babies-uyghur-prisoner-describes-abuse-in-xinjiang/
	+ More on this story: “China Uighurs: A model's video gives a rare glimpse inside internment” https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-53650246