recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Torrance House

The **Torrance House**, also known as the **Pink House**, is the most well-known historic house in Charlotte, North Carolina's Fourth Ward district. It is located between 7th and 8th street. It is a Queen Anne style house with Italianate overtones, and was built between approximately 1987 and 1906. It is one of the few houses built on site in the Fourth Ward. Originally, the Torrance house was a ten unit rooming house during World War II. Capt. Richard "Captain Dick" Torrance bought the house out of foreclosure some time in the late 1800s or early 1900s.

## Renovations

In the 1970s, the house was restored to a single family home. The house was stripped down to the frame, wiring and plumbing were replaced, and the house was completely reconstructed. Old mill and work doors were taken from other period properties and installed in the Torrance House. During restoration, some framing was discovered to be pegged rather than nailed together.

 A kitchen was added in the 1980s, and more modern updates were added in the 2000s. In 2001, the front porch deck was replaced with treated lumber, in 2004 the original tin roof was replaced with a Pro-Panel roof, and in 2009 the back deck was replaced.

## Unique features

During its 1970s renovation, many items were taken from other properties and installed in the house. The house's front door is from a home in Lexington, North Carolina, and features rare oval beveled glass, and the house's front foyer contains two antique columns from a house on Elizabeth Avenue.

The driveway has a carport that was grandfathered by the Charlotte Historic District Commission. It is the only carport at a historic house in the Fourth Ward.

The last step of the stairs is a half step. This was a common home security feature in the late 1800s and early 1900s, as the step would trip an intruder unfamiliar with the house.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "The Pink House 424 North Poplar Fourth Ward Charlotte, NC". *oldhouses.com*. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "History of Fourth Ward". *Friends of Fourth Ward.* Retrieved October 17, 2018.
Lyles-Sims House

The **Lyles-Sims House** is a historic Modified Queen Anne style house built between 1867 and 1869 and enlarged between 1870 and 1887. The house is located the historic district of Fourth Ward, Charlotte, North Carolina. It is a rare survivor of nineteenth century domestic architecture, and is among the few older Fourth Ward homes in their original sites. It features a wraparound front porch with the original front door.
Herbert and Katherine Jacobs First House

**Herbert and Katherine Jacobs First House**, commonly referred to as Jacobs I, is a single family home located at 441 Toepfer Avenue in Madison, Wisconsin, United States. Designed by noted American architect Frank Lloyd Wright, it was constructed in 1937 and is considered by most to be the first Usonian home. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2003.

## Description

The Jacobs House is located in a residential area southwest of downtown Madison, on the east side of Toepfer Avenue between Birch and Euclid Avenues. It is a modest single-story structure, its exterior finished in a combination of brick, horizontal boarding, and glass doors, the latter opening from the rear of the house. It is covered by a flat roof and rests on a concrete pad foundation. It has two bedrooms. The house's original heating system consisted of steam heating pipes laid in the sand base that underlies the main concrete pad. The furnace that provided the steam heat was located in a small basement space under the kitchen.

## History

Madison newspaperman Herbert Jacobs, a Wright acquaintance, challenged the architect to design and build a home for $5,000. Wright designed an L-shaped structure with an open floor plan and two bedrooms. To economize construction costs Wright developed a plywood sandwich wall for use on this house. Rumor maintains that redirected bricks from the Johnson Wax Building ultimately helped keep final construction costs at $5,500.

The Jacobs family moved into the house after construction but quickly outgrew the two-bedroom ranch. Herbert Jacobs commissioned Wright to build a second home, Jacobs II. The family moved there in the late 1940s.

Over the following decades the house passed ownership and was exposed to modifications and maintenance techniques of variable historical value. A multi-year restoration project began in 1983, restoring the house to its 1937 appearance and updating worn and inefficient building systems.

The current owner opens the house for tours through the Frank Lloyd Wright Wisconsin Heritage Tourism Program, Inc.

The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2003.

## See also

* Herbert and Katherine Jacobs Second House

## References

1. ↑ Heinz, Thomas A., *The Vision of Frank Lloyd Wright*, Regency House Publishing, 2000
2. ↑ Heinz, Thomas A., *Frank Lloyd Wright Field Guide*, Vol 1., Academy Editions, 1996

## External links

* YouTube: 1992 video tour featuring Katherine Jacobs
* Wright in Wisconsin
* "Usonia 1" from 99% Invisible
Historic districts in the United States

**Historic districts in the United States** are designated historic districts recognizing a group of buildings, properties, or sites by one of several entities on different levels as historically or architecturally significant. Buildings, structures, objects and sites within a historic district are normally divided into two categories, contributing and non-contributing. Districts greatly vary in size: some have hundreds of structures, while others have just a few.

The U.S. federal government designates historic districts through the United States Department of Interior under the auspices of the National Park Service. Federally designated historic districts are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, but listing usually imposes no restrictions on what property owners may do with a designated property. State-level historic districts may follow similar criteria (no restrictions) or may require adherence to certain historic rehabilitation standards. Local historic district designation offers, by far, the most legal protection for historic properties because most land use decisions are made at the local level. Local districts are generally administered by the county or municipal government.
Eaves

The **eaves** are the edges of the roof which overhang the face of a wall and, normally, project beyond the side of a building. The eaves form an overhang to throw water clear of the walls and may be highly decorated as part of an architectural style, such as the Chinese dougong bracket systems.

## Etymology and usage

*Eaves* is derived from Old English *efes* meaning *edge*. According to the *Oxford English Dictionary*, *eaves* is both the singular and plural form of the word. However, the Merriam-Webster website lists the word as *eave* and states that it is "usually used in plural". The word was used before the 12th century in the form *efes* (Old English).

## Function

The primary function of the eaves is to keep rain water off the walls and to prevent the ingress of water at the junction where the roof meets the wall. The eaves may also protect a pathway around the building from the rain, prevent erosion of the footings, and reduce splatter on the wall from rain as it hits the ground.

The secondary function is to control solar penetration as a form of passive solar building design; the eaves overhang can be designed to adjust the building's solar gain to suit the local climate, the latitude and orientation of the building.

The eaves overhang may also shelter openings to ventilate the roof space.

## Design

Aesthetic, traditional or purely decorative considerations may prevail over the strictly functional requirements of the eaves. The Arts and Crafts Movement influenced the American Craftsman tradition, which has very wide eaves with decorative brackets, for which there is not necessarily a real functional need; likewise the Italian-style eaves, shown above.

The eaves may terminate in a fascia, a board running the length of the eaves under the tiles or roof sheets to cap off and protect the exposed rafter ends and to provide grounds on which to fix gutters. At the gables the eaves may extend beyond the gable end wall by projecting the purlins and are usually capped off by bargeboards to protect the wall and the purlin ends.

The underside of the eaves may be filled with a horizontal soffit fixed at right angles to the wall, the soffit may be decorative but it also has the function of sealing the gap between the rafters from vermin and weather.

Eaves must be designed for local wind speeds as the overhang can significantly increase the wind loading on the roof.

The line on the ground under the outer edge of the eaves is the eavesdrip, or dripline, and in typical building planning regulations defines the extent of the building and cannot oversail the property boundary.

## References

1. ↑ Eave. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved on 20 June 2014.
2. ↑ "HOME CLINIC; Making Eaves Inspection a Routine", 26 November 2000. Retrieved on 17 May 2011.
3. ↑ "Certain Home Shapes And Roofs Hold Up Best In Hurricane Says NJIT Professor", 20 June 2007. Retrieved on 17 May 2011.
Benjamin and Hilarita Lyford House

## Lyford House

The **Lyford House** is a Victorian house located in Tiburon, California. Built in 1876, the house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Prehistory

The earliest human habitation of the local area was by hunter-gatherer Native American peoples. The clearest extant record of such habitation in the vicinity is on the nearby Ring Mountain, where rock art and grinding stones are found on some of the large boulders.

## History

The Lyford House on Richardson Bay in Tiburon, California, was the home of Benjamin Lyford (1841–1906), a doctor in the Union Army who was born in New Hampshire and raised in Cabot, Vermont. He migrated to San Francisco after the American Civil War to practice medicine. He married Hilarita née Reed (1839–1908), the daughter of John Reed, an Irish immigrant who was granted the *Rancho Corte Madera del Presidio*, literally "the place where wood is cut for the Presidio", which today comprises the peninsula incorporating Tiburon, Belvedere and much of southern Marin County. The Lyford House was originally located at Strawberry Point as part of Lyford's Eagle Dairy Ranch, but was moved by barge in December 1957 when threatened with demolition and is now owned by the National Audubon Society.

The Benjamin Lyford House is part of the Richardson Bay Audubon Center and Sanctuary. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. In December 2002 the house was damaged when a tree crashed through the roof. It was closed for a year of restoration, reopening in 2004.

## References

1. ↑ C. Michael Hogan. 2008. Ring Mountain, The Megalithic Portal, ed. Andy Burnham
2. ↑ History of Early Mill Valley, Mill Valley Historical Society Archived 2001-12-13 at the Wayback Machine.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Maura Thurman. "Tiburon Victorian set to unveil makeover", *San Francisco Chronicle*, April 16, 2004. Retrieved on 2008-04-07.

## External links

* Richardson Bay Audubon Center and Sanctuary
* Lyford House
* Tiburon Heritage & Arts Commission
Isaiah Davenport House

The **Isaiah Davenport house** is a historic home in Savannah, Georgia, United States, built in 1820. It has been operated as a historic house museum by the Historic Savannah Foundation since 1963.

The house is located at 324 East State Street, on the northwest corner of Columbia Square.

## Architectural style

The Federal-style dwelling neared completion in 1820 and first appeared on the tax rolls 1821. Master builder Isaiah Davenport, a native of New England, designed and built the home as a dwelling for his growing household as well as a demonstration of his building skills.

## History

The 1820 Federal-style dwelling was built by upwardly mobile artisan Isaiah Davenport and his crew for his growing household, which included his wife, ten children, and nine slaves. It was his family home until his death in 1827 when his wife, Sarah Clark Davenport, converted it into a boarding house. She lived in the residence on Columbia Square until 1840 when she sold it to the Baynard family of South Carolina. The house remained in their hands for the next 109 years. As time passed, the once stately home in a fashionable neighborhood became a rundown rooming house in a seedy part of town. Even in an advanced state of neglect, New Deal surveyors recognized the architectural significance of the home when they identified and measured it for the Historic American Buildings Survey in the 1930s. Threatened with demolition in 1955, a group of community-spirited citizens joined forces to purchase the Davenport House. This was the first act of the Historic Savannah Foundation, which has gone on to save hundreds buildings in the historic city through its renowned revolving loan fund and other historic preservation activities. In 1955, the Davenport House became the office for Historic Savannah Foundation as well as a family services agency. Sensing the potential for an historic site, the first floor of the house was restored and opened to the public as a museum on March 9, 1963. Years later the second and third floors were opened and Historic Savannah Foundation moved its offices to another building. Beginning in the mid-1980s leaders of the museum began an effort to adhere to professional museum standards. In the mid-1990s the museum began a re-restoration process, which resulted in a more authentic experience for museum visitors, including period wallpaper and period room furnishings which reflect the inventory taken at the time of Isaiah Davenport’s death in 1827.

## Museum

The Davenport House was first opened as a museum in 1963. In 2005, The Davenport House Museum received the *Preserve America* Presidential Award. In 2010 it received the Georgia Governor's Award in the Humanities.

## Footnotes

1. ↑ Directions. Historic Savannah Foundation. Retrieved on May 2, 2014.
2. ↑ http://scarysavannah.com/isaiah-davenport-house
3. ↑ President and Mrs. Bush Present the 2005 Preserve America Presidential Awards. Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (May 2, 2005). Retrieved on May 2, 2014.
Wyckoff-Bennett Homestead

The **Wyckoff-Bennett Homestead**, located at 1669 E. 22nd Street in Madison, Brooklyn, New York, is a National Historic Landmark. It is believed to have been built before 1766. During the American Revolution, it housed Hessian soldiers, two of whom, Captain Toepfer of the Ditfourth regiment and Lieut. M. Bach of the Hessen-Hanau Artillerie, scratched their names and units into windowpanes.

It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976. It is part of the Revolutionary War Heritage Trail.

According to an embroidered needlepoint artwork currently on display in the main home building, it was owned and occupied by the Wyckoff Family from 1776 to 1835. The Bennett family owned and occupied it from 1835 to 1983, and the Mont family has owned and occupied it since 1983.

From Wyckoff Bennett Mont House placard (in front of house, next to sidewalk, inside
fence):
"This Dutch-American farmhouse is a quiet reminder that the Battle of Brooklyn, one of
the biggest conflicts of the Revolutionary War, took place when Kings County was still
mostly farm country. The county boasted fewer than 4,000 inhabitants, one third of whom
were slaves working on and owned by families descended from 17th-century Dutch
immigrants.
Hendrick Wyckoff built the house in 1766. The site he chose lay along Kings Highway,
then the county's main east-west artery. After the British invasion in 1776, Hessian
soldiers were quartered here. Several of them left their mark by etching their names and
rank on window panes among them Toepfer Captain Regt. De Ditrurth and "M. Bach
Lieutenant V. Hessen Hanau Artillerie's". When the Battle of Brooklyn began on August
27, 1776, these men may well have taken part in the attack that drove American defenders
from the Battle Pass, in what is now Prospect Park, and nearly destroyed the army under
command of George Washington."

The property is one of the last privately owned Dutch Colonial houses in New York City. Starting sometime around the year 2000 the City of New York planned to buy the house and land from its present owners, Annette and Stuart Mont, who would have remained on the property rent-free but those plans have since fallen through.

## See also

* Wyckoff House, another historic house in Brooklyn

## References

1. ↑ Ralph Blumenthal (January 29, 2010). A Prewar Home to Say the Least. *New York Times*. Retrieved on March 23, 2011.

## External links

* Brooklyn Genealogical Information page on Wyckoff-Bennett Homestead
* Historical Marker Database Wyckoff Bennett Mont House Revolutionary War Heritage Trail
Aaron Ferrey House

The **Aaron Ferrey House**, also known as the **Winan Snyder House**, is a historic structure located at 5058 Sunnybrook Road in the southern part of Kent, Ohio, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 13, 1974. The house is an example of Carpenter Gothic architecture and a rare complete use of a design by early 19th century landscape designer and Gothic Revival advocate Andrew Jackson Downing. The design is a nearly-exact replica of Design III in Downing's 1850 book, *The Architecture of Country Houses*,
 with an upper porch included instead of an extra room. It is named for
 Aaron Ferrey, an early settler of the area who built the house in 1866
and also maintained a brickyard on the property until 1880. Ferrey was
born in Massachusetts in 1808 and moved to Ohio in 1842 after his
parents had come in 1831. He came to Kent in 1846 and his parents
followed in 1850.
West Darien Historic District

The **West Darien Historic District** is a historic district in Darien, Georgia. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 17, 2001.

## History

Darien was founded in 1736 about 1 mile from Fort King George, which was built in 1721. Darien was directly protected by Fort Darien, built in 1736. The current streets were laid out in an 1806 plan. The town was mostly destroyed in 1863 when it was burned by Union troops. Rebuilding the town started on the east side, followed by the west side. The east side of historic Darien is in the NRHP Vernon Square-Columbus Square Historic District. As of 2001, only one antebellum structure remained; otherwise the oldest buildings are from 1870-1910. The district includes 143 contributing
buildings and eight contributing sites.

## See Also

* Vernon Square-Columbus Square Historic District
* Palmer House
Ashintully Castle

**Ashintully Castle**, located near Kirkmichael, north of Blairgowrie, in the county of Perthshire, Scotland, was built in 1583 as a fortified tower house by the Spalding family, the Feudal Barons of Ashintully. The castle is reached from the B950 road to the Northeast of Kirkmichael. The name *Ashintully* is an anglicized spelling of the Gaelic *Eas an Tulaich* and means "cascade of the hillock".

R J R Ayton ocupied the castle in the mid 19th century.

## References

1. ↑ Perth Post Office Directory 1860: List of Noblemen and Gentlemens Country Seats
Wyckoff House

Part on the left dates to the 18th century, part on the right is of the 17th century

## General Information

### Location

5816 Clarendon Road (Milton Fidler Park), Brooklyn, NY

### Register

U.S. National Register of Historic Places

### Reference #

67000013

The **Wyckoff House**, or **Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House** is located at 5816 Clarendon Road in the Canarsie area of Brooklyn. The house itself is located in Milton Fidler Park. The house was one of several ordered built by Wouter Van Twiller before he was recalled to Holland by 1640. The house is estimated to have been built ca. 1638, making it the oldest surviving example of a Dutch saltbox frame house in America, and it was one of the first structures built by Europeans on Long Island. The majority of the current structure was added in the 19th century, with the small kitchen section dating back to the 18th century. Only a small section remains from 1638.

It is situated on land that Wouter van Twiller purchased from the local Lenape people in approximately 1636. (Europeans often referred to the native inhabitants simply by the Lenape language place name for the larger area: "Canarsie", in this case)

It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1967.

It is owned by New York City but is operated by The Wyckoff House & Association.

It is believed that the majority of Americans with the name Wyckoff (or its variations) descend from Pieter (Claessen) Wyckoff from this house. Pieter Claessen was forced to adopt a surname after 1664 and chose "Wyckoff," the place name of an estate near Marienhafe, Ostfriesland, where he, as an orphan, may have occupied a sleeping cupboard. At that time there were no other known Wyckoffs in America. Some 60 known variations of the name appeared between 1790 and 1900.

## See also

* Wyckoff-Bennett Homestead, another historic house in Brooklyn

## References

1. ↑ Wyckoff Farmhouse Museum. The Historic House Trust of New York City (2014-04-13).
2. ↑ The Wyckoff House & Association website

## External links

* Wyckoff House Museum - official site
* Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House Historic Marker Database
Vernacular architecture

**Vernacular architecture** is an architectural style designed based on local needs and construction material availability, and reflecting local traditions. At least originally, vernacular architecture did not use formally-schooled architects, but relied on the design skills and tradition of local builders. However, since the late 19th century many professional architects have worked in this style.

Vernacular architecture can be contrasted against polite architecture which is characterized by stylistic elements of design intentionally incorporated for aesthetic purposes which go beyond a building's functional requirements.

## Gallery

The origin of the vernacular Bungalow has its roots in BangladeshThe Myron Angel House in San Luis Obispo, California has a vernacular stylePagaruyung Palace is an opulent example of Rumah Gadang, vernacular house of the Minangkabau people, Sumatra, IndonesiaThe Elizabeth Farm house in Sydney, Australia is a vernacular cottageMaison Bolduc, in Ste. Geneviève, Missouri is a French style buildingBahay na bato houses in the cultural and historical areas of the Philippines
Karamanly House Museum

The **Karamanly House Museum** (also known as the **Qaramanli House Museum**, the **House of Karamanly** and the **Tripoli Historical Exhibition**) is a historic house and museum located in Tripoli, Libya. It is associated with the Karamanli dynasty.

The house was built in the second half of the 18th century. After restoration in the 1990s, it became a museum.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Karamanly (Qaramanli) House Museum. Temehu Tourism Services.
Laperal White House

The **Laperal Guesthouse**, popularly known as **Laperal White House** is a building in Baguio which houses a museum.

## History

The house was built by Roberto Laperal in the 1930s.The house is made of narra and yakal wood, designed in Victorian style with its wooden planks and gables and steep roof. The clan heads, Roberto and Victorina Laperal made the house as their vacation home.

During World War II, the house was occupied by Japanese soldiers and was used as a garrison. The troops reportedly raped women, tortured and killed suspected spies working for the United States and their allies.

The house transferred ownership after the death of the head of the Laperal clan. It was adequately maintained but despite being closed to the public over the years, it did not stop the persistent rumors of the unearthly sightings spotted near the house. The house withstood many natural and man-made casualties, such as the deadly earthquake in 1990 and many more.

Chinese Filipino billionaire tycoon Lucio Tan purchased the property in 2007 but never stayed in the place during some of his trips to Baguio. He instead had it renovated and refurbished with proper maintenance then made it into a tourist attraction. From then on, the house was opened to public.

In 2013, the tycoon's Tan Yan Kee Foundation transformed the house to a Bamboo Foundation museum where Filipino artworks based on bamboo and wood.

## In popular culture

According to believers, the house is haunted. The house has been featured on television, especially during Halloween, by TV5, GMA, the ABS-CBN programme *Magandang Gabi, Bayan*, and i-Witness news. The 2010 horror movie White House featured the house.

## See also

* List of reportedly haunted houses in the Philippines

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Caluza, Desiree (1 November 2013). *Signs of the spirits in ‘White House’*. Inquirer. http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/518129/signs-of-the-spirits-in-white-house. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
Siyadi House

**Siyadi House**, also known as Bayt Siyadi (Arabic: بيت سيادي) is a historic building in Muharraq City, Kingdom of Bahrain. It is part of a larger complex of buildings constructed for the pearl merchant Abdullah bin Isa Siyadi, which further includes a mosque and a majlis. While the Siyadi House was built under Ahmad bin Jassim Siyadi, the construction of the Siyadi Majlis was initiated by Ahmad bin Jassim Siyadi and the Siyadi Mosque was a shared initiative of Isa and Jassim bin Ahmad Siyadi. It is also a part of the Bahrain pearling trail, the second UNESCO World Heritage Site in the country.

## History

The Siyadi family arrived to Bahrain in the early 19th century and settled close to the rulers’ houses in the Sh. Abdallah neighborhood. The family's wealth originated from their involvement in the pearl trade, which blossomed in Muharraq in the 19th century.

## Architecture

The oldest part of the complex is Siyadi Mosque, which Isa and Jassim bin Yousif Siyadi donated to the Muharraq community in 1865. The original building was later revised and, according to Yarwood, the preserved structure dates to 1910. the Siyadi Mosque is the oldest preserved mosque in Muharraq and is still used for daily prayers.

Siyadi Majlis was constructed in two phases; the first phase initiated by Jassim bin Yousif Siyadi in 1850, which covered the ground floor and the upper-storey rooms constructed during the second phase in 1921. The largest part of the complex, Siyadi House is still used as a private residence and is inhabited by Abdallah bin Hassan Siyadi, the grandson of the builder Abdallah bin Isa Siyadi. It is not open to accessible to public and cannot be visited. The 450 square meters residence was the last construction and is dated to 1931.

The three buildings illustrate elaborate decorations of the late pearling era of Bahrain, in particular Siyadi Majlis has an inside room worth visiting. At present the Siyadi Majlis is under the responsibility of the Ministry of Culture, Bahrain.

## Notes

1. ↑ Ministry of Culture and Information: *Pearling, Testimony of an island economy*, 2010, p. 156
2. ↑ Ministry of Culture and Information: *Pearling, Testimony of an island economy*, 2010, p. 158
3. ↑ John Yarwood: *Al-Muharraq: Architectural Heritage of a Bahraini City*, 2005
4. ↑ John Falagan: *We're all men here*, 2007, p. 294
Tom Williams House

**Tom Williams House** is a historic home located near Williams, Colleton County, South Carolina.
 The house dates to the 19th century, and is a one-story, clapboard
dogtrot style house on brick piers and with a spraddle roof. It
features a front porch supported by six tapered, hand-hewn columns. The
house was owned by and housed the family of Tom Williams, a much
respected middle class farmer who donated land for the town that was
named in his honor. In 1914, it was used as a tenant house for the
Warren and Griffin Lumber Company. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
Lezhë Castle

**Lezhë Castle** (Albanian:*Kalaja e Lezhës*) is a castle dominating the city of Lezhë, northern Albania. Its highest point is 186 meters (610 ft). Lezhë Castle is at an elevation of 322 meters (1,056 ft).

The castle originates from Illyrian times. In 1440 it was reconstructed
by the Venetians, and in 1522, after the Ottoman conquest, it was also
rebuilt by the latter. The castle bears traces of Illyrian, Roman,
Byzantine and Ottoman architecture. Interesting places to visit are the
ruins of the Ottoman buildings inside the castle, the mosque,
 the tower of the south-eastern wall with a Roman arch, and the Illyrian
 tower on the southern wall. The Lezha castle is a cultural monument.
The castle offers a beautiful view of the Lezha fields and the Adriatic
Sea.
Thomas Hilton, Sr.

**Thomas Hilton, Sr.** was a lumber mill owner from Preston, England known for building the Palmer House. He came to Darien, Georgia in the early- mid 1850s and established a saw milling and lumber firm at Cat Head Creek under the name Thomas Hilton & Sons, which later became Hiltons and Fosters, Hilton Timber & Lumber Company, and finally Hilton and Dodge Lumber Company. Soon after establishing his firm, he purchased two lots and built a modest house that would later be expanded to become the opulent Palmer House.
William G. Low House

The **William G. Low House** was a seaside cottage at 3 Low Lane in Bristol, Rhode Island.

It was designed in 1886-87 by architect Charles McKim of the New York City firm, McKim, Mead & White. With its distinctive single 140-foot-long (43 m) gable it embodied many of the tenets of Shingle Style architecture — horizontality, simplified massing and geometry, minimal ornamentation, the blending of interior and exterior spaces.

The architectural historian Vincent Scully saw it as "at once a climax and a kind of conclusion" for McKim, since its "prototypal form ... was almost immediately to be abandoned for the more conventionally conceived columns and pediments of McKim, Mead, and White's later buildings."

Just before it was demolished in 1962, the now iconic house was documented with measured drawings and photographs by the Historic American Buildings Survey.

Wrote architectural historian Leland Roth, "Although little known in its own time, the Low House has come to represent the high mark of the Shingle Style."

## References

1. ↑ Low, William G., House (supplemental materials). Library of Congress (May 1975).

## External links

* Low House floor plans from Great Buildings Online
Baghaberd

## Baghaberd Fortress

**Baghaberd** (Armenian: Բաղաբերդ; also **David Bek's Castle**) is a 4th to 12th century Armenian fortress located along a ridge overlooking the Voghji River, 14 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of the village of Kapan in the Syunik Province of Armenia. Baghaberd is at an elevation of 1,438 meters.

## History

Baghaberd is thought to have been built in the 4th century by Baghak of Sisak Nahapet. According to Stepanos Orbelian's *History of the Province of Syunik* (Patmutyun Nahangin Sisakan), in the mid-4th century Prince Andovk, the hereditary lord of Syunik, attacked and plundered one of the cities of the Persian Sassanid King Shapur II (309-379) while the king was at war with the Huns.
 King Shapur II was furious about the incident and took his armies to
Syunik to defeat the prince. Andovk and his troops went to Baghaberd
with a large supply of provisions and waited. Once the king's forces
arrived at the fortress, Andovk and his men defeated three of Shapur's
military units by rolling rocks down the cliffside upon them.

Prince Andovk soon fled to Constantinople and his subjects scattered. When he arrived, he was given honors by the Emperor Theodosius I showered him with great honors.

Baghaberd became the last capital of the Syunik kingdom after the
 destruction of the nearby village of Kapan in the year 1103. In 1170,
the fortress was captured by the Seljuq Turks.
Board-and-batten

**Board-and-batten** siding is an exterior treatment of vertical boards with battens covering the seams. Board-and-batten roofing is a type of board roof with battens covering the gaps between boards on a roof as the roofing material. Board-and-batten is also a synonym for single-wall construction, a method of building with vertical, structural boards, the seams sometimes covered with battens.
Savannah Victorian Historic District

The **Savannah Victorian Historic District** is a historic district in Savannah, Georgia. It is mostly residential in character and features Late Victorian, Queen Anne, Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals, and other architectural styles. The district, which is not part of the Savannah Historic District was first listed in 1974 and officially extended in 1982. The total area is bounded to the north by the Savannah Historic District, to the west by a public housing project, to the south by a neighborhood of early- to mid-20th-century residences, and to the east by a mixed-use area of Seaboard Coast Line railroad tracks, industry, commerce, housing, and vacant lots.
List of historic houses in North Carolina

This is a **list of historic houses in North Carolina**.

## Mecklenburg County

* 427 N Pine Street
* Alsop House
* Bagley-Mullen House
* Berryhill House
* Blair House
* Bootlegger House
* Fennimore House
* GW Campbell House
* Jones House
* Liddell-McNinch House
* Lyles-Sims House
* McCausland-Taylor House
* Morrison-Lawry House
* "Mother In Law" House
* Overcarsh House
* Sheppard House
* Sloan-Davidson House
* Torrance House
* Young-Morrison House
Latta Plantation

The **Latta Plantation**, also known as **Latta House**, is a historic house located in Huntersville, North Carolina near Mountain Island Lake. Built in about 1800 in a Federal style, the plantation also contains some elements of Georgian design, including the house's main staircase.

The house and its environs are currently used as a living history exhibit and museum dedicated to exhibiting the facets of daily life in the antebellum North Carolina Piedmont. Historic Latta Plantation hosts a variety of living history events throughout the year, including battle reenactments, summer camps, and homeschool programs. The site is operated by a nonprofit corporation, but the land is owned by Mecklenburg County, and maintained by the Mecklenburg County Parks and Recreation department. The property also houses the Ezekiel Alexander Log Home, a log building built between 1760 and 1790, that formerly sat in nearby Charlotte.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

## References

1. ↑ National Register of Historic Places Inventory – Nomination Form. North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office. Retrieved on 21 June 2013.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Historic Latta Plantation. Retrieved on 21 June 2013.

## External links

* Historic Latta Plantation - official site
Italianate architecture

The **Italianate style of architecture** was a distinct 19th-century phase in the history of Classical architecture. In the Italianate style, the models and architectural vocabulary of 16th-century Italian Renaissance architecture, which had served as inspiration for both Palladianism and Neoclassicism, were synthesised with picturesque aesthetics. The style of architecture that was thus created, though also characterised as "Neo-Renaissance", was essentially of its own time. "The backward look transforms its object," Siegfried Giedion wrote of historicist architectural styles; "every spectator at every period—at every moment, indeed—inevitably transforms the past according to his own nature."

The Italianate style was first developed in Britain about 1802 by John Nash, with the construction of Cronkhill in Shropshire.
 This small country house is generally accepted to be the first
Italianate villa in England, from which is derived the Italianate
architecture of the late Regency and early Victorian eras. The Italianate style was further developed and popularised by the architect Sir Charles Barry in the 1830s. Barry's Italianate style (occasionally termed "Barryesque") drew heavily for its motifs on the buildings of the Italian Renaissance,
 though sometimes at odds with Nash's semi-rustic Italianate villas.
Olde Pink House

The **Olde Pink House** is a historic house in Savannah, Georgia so named for its pink stucco exterior, which covers its old brick. It was built in 1789 for James Habersham Jr. and is an example of colonial architecture. It was one of the few buildings to survive the fire of 1796.

The house was originally red brick and covered with white stucco. However, the white stucco did not fully conceal the bricks, give the house a pinkish tint. In the 1920s, the house was painted pink, and it has since been repainted yearly.

The house features a Greek portico with a Palladian window above. The fanlight over the front door is one of the oldest in Georgia.

Today, the house is a restaurant offering "new Southern cuisine".

## Rumors and legends

Some claim to have seen James Habersham Jr.'s ghost in the house. Other spirits reputed to haunt the house are a friendly Revolutionary War veteran, a crying woman, wandering house servants, and children.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 https://www.visit-historic-savannah.com/pink-house.html
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 https://ghostcitytours.com/savannah/haunted-places/haunted-restaurants/pink-house-restaurant/
3. ↑ Visit Savannah
Savannah Historic District

The **Savannah Historic District** is a large urban U.S. historic district that roughly corresponds to the city limits of Savannah, Georgia prior to the American Civil War. The area was declared a National Historic Landmark District in 1966, and is one of the largest districts of its kind in the United States.

Notable historic houses in the district include the Isaiah Davenport House, the Green-Meldrim House, the Owens-Thomas House, and the William Scarbrough House.

1. ↑ "Savannah Historic District". *National Historic Landmark summary listing*. Nation Park Service. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
2. ↑ "Savannah". *New Georgia Encyclopedia.* Georgia Humanities Council and the University of Georgia Press. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
John Steinbeck House (Monte Sereno, California)

The **John Steinbeck House** at 16250 Greenwood Lane in Monte Sereno, California, was the home of author John Steinbeck from 1936 to 1938. The house was built in 1936, in the foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains in what was then part of the town of Los Gatos, California, for Steinbeck and his wife, Carol. While living in the house, Steinbeck wrote *The Grapes of Wrath* and completed *Of Mice and Men*. The Steinbecks added a guest house to the property after the house's completion; renowned actors, literary agents, and friends of the Steinbecks stayed in the guest house while visiting the couple. In 1938, the Steinbecks left the house, as they felt that its location was no longer as secluded as it had been two years earlier.

The John Steinbeck House was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 28, 1989. Unlike Steinbeck's birthplace in Salinas, California, this house is now a private residence home and is closed to the public.

## See also

* John Steinbeck House (Salinas, California), another Steinbeck residence on the NRHP

## References

1. ↑ John Steinbeck House - Monte Sereno, CA - U.S. National Register of Historic Places on Waymarking.com. Retrieved on September 13, 2018.
Winslow House (River Forest, Illinois)

The **Winslow House** is a Frank Lloyd Wright-designed house located at 515 Auvergne Place in River Forest, Illinois. A landmark building in Wright's career, the Winslow House, built in 1893–94, was his first major commission as an independent architect. While the design owes a tremendous debt to the earlier James Charnley House, Wright always considered the Winslow House extremely important to his career. Looking back on it in 1936, he described it as "the first 'prairie house'."

The original owner, William Winslow, was exemplary of Wright's Chicago clients, which the architect described as, "American men of business with unspoiled instincts and ideals." A manufacturer of decorative ironwork, Winslow later worked with Wright on a number of publishing projects, specifically for Keats's *The Eve of St. Agnes* (1896), and William C. Gannett's *The House Beautiful* (1896/97). The men were first introduced through Winslow's dealings with Adler and Sullivan, Wright's former employers. William Winslow knew Wright from business with Adler and Sullivan. He was in the ornamental iron business and his firm had done the facade on the Carson Pirie Scott building for Wright's previous employer. Adler and Sullivan were not interested in performing residential architectural assignments so Winslow turned to Wright. The house's design is inspired by the works of Wright's mentor Louis Sullivan and anticipates Wright's mature Prairie School buildings of the next decade. Sheltered beneath a low-pitched roof with wide eaves, the home is symmetrical and horizontally divided into a stone section, a golden Roman brick section, and a terra cotta frieze of Sullivanesque ornament. In contrast to the calm and balanced front facade, the rear is a mass of irregular geometric forms. The interior echoes both Wright's own home and the Charnley House, with the fireplace at the center facing the entry with rooms on either side and a hidden main staircase.

The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 17, 1970.

## References

1. ↑ National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form: The William H. Winslow House and Stable. Illinois Historic Preservation Agency (December 5, 1969). Retrieved on April 3, 2016.
2. ↑ William Winslow House. Frank Lloyd Wright Trust. Retrieved on April 3, 2016.

## External links

* A site about Winslow House
* Archive of photographs and drawings
* The Houses Wright Built New York Times, June 8, 1986
* Photos on Arcaid
Palmer House hag

The **Palmer House hag** is a being reputed to haunt the Palmer House in Darien, Georgia. She is not believed to be the ghost of a former resident; rather she is commonly believed to be a demonic entity or nightmare spirit. She is said to be a malevolent creature that manifests herself as a wizened elderly woman or a monstrous figure with gnarled iron claws. The Palmer House hag myth shares many similarities with the Gullah Boo Hag myth, and Darien's location in the Georgia Lowcountry suggests the Palmer House hag story may be derived directly from the Gullah legend.

According to local legend, the Palmer House hag is similar to vampires, or to Boo Hags from Gullah folklore. Like Boo Hags, she is said to gain sustenance from feeding off a person's energy. She is said to venture out at night in Darien, and often pretends to be a kindly woman to lure her unsuspecting prey before transforming into her true, demonic form and draining her victim of energy. Despite her grotesque appearance, she is said to be a vain creature who wishes to absorb her victims' youth. According to the legend, she is also a greedy being who chose to haunt the Palmer house due to its size and opulence, and wishes to have the house all for herself; she is said to sometimes attack those who attempt to enter or even view the house.
Hog Hammock, Georgia

A historic structure in Hog Hammock

**Hog Hammock** is an African American community on Sapelo Island, a barrier island of the U.S. state of Georgia near the port of Darien, Georgia about 100 miles (160 km) south of Savannah, Georgia.

The entire 427 acre (173 ha) community was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996 as **Hog Hammock Historic District**. In 1996 it included 59 contributing buildings, 16 contributing structures, and five contributing sites.

Its principal historic resources are about 50 one-story historic homes that are small and simple vernacular buildings, most covered with weatherboard and some by board-and-batten or other siding.

In the 1990s, mainlanders began acquiring parcels of land from the Gullah people to construct vacation homes. In 2012, McIntosh County property tax appraisers notified Hog Hammock residents of huge property tax increases, even though there was no longer a school on the island. One Hog Hammock property owner's annual tax bill soared from $600 to $2,100. In 2013, a fight over the sudden tax hikes was well underway, with some residents claiming they would be driven from land they had owned for many generations for the benefit of mainlanders who would acquire more of Hog Hammock's homes.

## Photos

A contributing house in Hog HammockHog Hammock store and post officeSt. Lukes Church in Hog Hammock
## References

1. ↑ Kenneth H. Thomas, Jr. (1996-07-17). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Hog Hammock Historic District". National Park Service. Retrieved 2018-10-19.
2. ↑ Bynum, Russ. "Ga. island slave descendants fight huge tax hikes." *Associated Press*.
Bäckaskog Castle

**Bäckaskog Castle** in Kristianstad Municipality, Scania, southern Sweden,
 was originally a monastery built in the 13th century. It was
transformed into a castle in the 16th century. The castle is located on
the isthmus between Ivö Lake (Scania's largest lake) and Oppmanna Lake.

The monastery was closed down by the Danish Crown in 1537 during the Reformation. In 1584-1653, the noblemen Henrik Ramel and his son Henrik Ramel Junior gave the castle its present appearance.
Shotgun house

A **shotgun house** is a narrow rectangular domestic residence, usually no more than about
12 feet (3.5 m)

wide, with rooms arranged one behind the other and doors
 at each end of the house. It was the most popular style of house in the
 Southern United States from the end of the American Civil War through the 1920s. Alternate names include "shotgun shack", "shotgun hut", "shotgun
cottage", and in the case of a multi-home dwelling, "shotgun apartment";
the design is similar to that of railroad apartments.

A longstanding theory is that the style can be traced from Africa to Haitian influences on house design in New Orleans, Louisiana, but the houses exist as far away as Chicago, Key West, Florida, Ybor City, Florida, and Texas. Though initially as popular with the middle class as with the poor, the
shotgun house became a symbol of poverty in the mid-20th century. Urban renewal has led to the destruction of many shotgun houses; however, in areas affected by gentrification, historic preservation efforts have led to the renovation of such houses.

Several variations of shotgun houses allow for additional features and
space, and many have been updated to the needs of later generations of
owners. The oldest shotgun houses were built without indoor plumbing,
 but this was often added later, often on the back of the house
(sometimes crudely). "Double-barrel" or "double" shotgun houses consist
of two houses sharing a central wall, allowing more houses to be fit
into an area. "Camelback" shotgun houses include a second floor at the
rear of the house. In some cases the entire floor plan is changed during remodeling to create hallways.