2010: The Year We Make Contact

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***2010: The Year We Make Contact*** (abbreviated on-screen as simply ***2010***) is a 1984 science fiction film written, produced, shot and directed by Peter Hyams. It is a sequel to Stanley Kubrick's 1968 film *2001: A Space Odyssey* and is based on Arthur C. Clarke's 1982 sequel novel, *2010: Odyssey Two*. The film stars Roy Scheider (replacing William Sylvester), Helen Mirren, Bob Balaban and John Lithgow, along with Keir Dullea and Douglas Rain of the cast of the previous film.

## Plot

It is nine years after the mysterious failure of the *Discovery One* mission to Jupiter in 2001, which resulted in the deaths of four crew members and the disappearance of mission commander David Bowman. Blamed for the fiasco, Dr. Heywood Floyd resigned his position as head of the National Council for Astronautics.

While an international dispute causes tension between the United States and the Soviet Union, both nations prepare space missions to determine what happened to the *Discovery*; the Soviet spacecraft *Leonov* (named after the cosmonaut Alexei Leonov) will be ready before the American spacecraft *Discovery Two*, but the Soviets need American astronauts to help board the *Discovery* and investigate the malfunction of the ship's sentient computer, HAL 9000, which caused the disaster. The U.S. government agrees to a joint mission when it is determined that *Discovery* will crash into Jupiter's moon Io before *Discovery Two* is ready. Floyd, along with *Discovery* designer Walter Curnow and HAL 9000's creator Dr. Chandra, joins the Soviet mission.

Upon arriving at Jupiter, the crew detects signs of life on Jupiter's seemingly barren moon Europa. They send an unmanned probe down to Europa to investigate the unusual readings, but just as it finds the source, a mysterious energy burst destroys the probe and its data. The "burst" then flies toward Jupiter. The Soviets believe the burst was simply electrostatic build-up, but Floyd suspects it was a warning to stay away from Europa.

After surviving a dangerous braking maneuver around Jupiter's upper atmosphere, the *Leonov* crew find the abandoned *Discovery* adrift in orbit over Io. Curnow reactivates the ship and Chandra restarts HAL, who had been deactivated by Bowman before he disappeared. Also nearby is the giant alien Monolith that the *Discovery* was originally sent to investigate. Cosmonaut Max Brailovsky travels to the Monolith in an EVA pod, at which point the Monolith briefly opens with a burst of energy, sending Max's pod spinning off into space. On Earth, Dave Bowman, now an incorporeal being that exists inside the Monolith, appears on his wife's television screen to tell her goodbye, and then visits his terminally ill mother just before she dies.

Aboard the *Discovery*, Chandra discovers the reason for HAL's malfunction: The National Security Council had ordered HAL to conceal from the *Discovery*'s crew the fact that the mission was about the Monolith; this conflicted with HAL's basic programming of open, accurate processing of information, causing him to suffer the computer equivalent of a paranoid mental breakdown. Although the order bears his signature, Floyd angrily denies any knowledge of the NSC's actions.

Back on Earth tension between the United States and the Soviet Union escalates to war, and the Americans are ordered to leave the *Leonov* and move to the *Discovery*, with communication with each other forbidden except in an emergency. Both crews plan to leave Jupiter separately when a launch window opens in several weeks' time, but Bowman appears to Floyd and says it is paramount that everyone leave within two days. Stunned by Bowman's appearance, Floyd returns to the *Leonov* to confer with Captain Tanya Kirbuk, who remains skeptical. The Monolith then suddenly disappears, and a growing black spot appears on Jupiter itself. This convinces the two crews that they must leave soon. Since neither ship could reach Earth with an early departure, they work together using the *Discovery* as a booster rocket for the *Leonov* by attaching it onto the *Discovery*, though it will mean the *Discovery* and HAL's destruction. HAL reveals that the spot is actually a vast group of Monoliths that are exponentially multiplying. The Monoliths begin shrinking Jupiter's volume, increasing the planet's density, and modifying its chemical composition.

Uninformed about the true purpose of the operation, HAL suggests to Chandra to stop the launch and remain to study Jupiter's conversion. When Chandra finally tells HAL the truth, he understands and willingly continues the countdown to save the humans, thanking Chandra for telling him the truth. The Monoliths engulf Jupiter, causing nuclear fusion that transforms the planet into a small star. The *Discovery* is consumed in the blast after the *Leonov* breaks away to safety. Just before the *Discovery* is engulfed, Bowman's voice is heard once again as he speaks to HAL and tells him that they will soon be together after he transmits a message to Earth:

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The star's miraculous appearance inspires American and Soviet leaders to seek peace. Despite being ahead of their launch window, the *Leonov* then travels back to Earth and Floyd, Chandra, and Curnow all go back under hibernation. Europa gradually transforms from an icy wasteland to a humid jungle covered with plant life. A Monolith stands in the primeval Europan swamp, waiting for intelligent life forms to evolve.

## Cast

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In addition, background crew members on the *Leonov* are played by Victor Steinbach and Jan Triska, while Herta Ware briefly appears as Bowman's mother. Candice Bergen, credited as "Olga Mallsnerd", voices the SAL 9000.

Arthur C. Clarke, author of the novels for *2001* and *2010*, appears as a man on a park bench outside the White House (visible in the letterboxed and widescreen versions). In addition, a *Time* magazine cover about the American–Soviet tension is briefly shown, in which the President of the United States is portrayed by Clarke and the Soviet Premier by the *2001* film's writer, producer and director, Stanley Kubrick.

## Production

### Development and filming

When Clarke published his novel *2010: Odyssey Two* in 1982, he telephoned Stanley Kubrick, and jokingly said, "Your job is to stop anybody [from] making it [into a movie] so I won't be bothered." Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer subsequently worked out a contract to make a film adaptation, but Kubrick had no interest in directing it. However, Peter Hyams was interested and contacted both Clarke and Kubrick for their blessings:

“*I had a long conversation with Stanley and told him what was going on. If it met with his approval, I would do the film; and if it didn't, I wouldn't. I certainly would not have thought of doing the film if I had not gotten the blessing of Kubrick. He's one of my idols; simply one of the greatest talents that's ever walked the Earth. He more or less said, 'Sure. Go do it. I don't care.' And another time he said, 'Don't be afraid. Just go do your own movie.'*”
―{{{2}}}

While he was writing the screenplay in 1983, Hyams (in Los Angeles) began communicating with Clarke (in Sri Lanka) via the then-pioneering medium of e-mail using Kaypro II computers and direct-dial modems. They discussed the planning and production of the film almost daily using this method, and their informal, often humorous correspondence was published in 1984 as *The Odyssey File*. As it focuses on the screenwriting and pre-production process, the book terminates on February 7, 1984 just before the movie is about to start filming, though it does include 16 pages of behind-the-scenes photographs from the film.

Principal photography on the film began in February 1984 for a 71-day schedule. The majority of the film was shot on MGM's soundstages in Culver City, California, with the exception of a week of location work in Washington, D.C., Rancho Palos Verdes, California, and at the Very Large Array in New Mexico. Originally, Hyams had intended to film the opening scene at the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico, home of the world's largest radio telescope, but after visiting there in 1983, he told Clarke that the site was "truly filthy" and unsuitable for filming.

### Music

Initially, Tony Banks, keyboardist for the band Genesis, was commissioned to do the soundtrack for *2010: The Year We Make Contact*. However, Banks' material was rejected and David Shire was then selected to compose the soundtrack, which he co-produced along with Craig Huxley. The soundtrack album was released by A&M Records.

Unlike many film soundtracks up until then, the soundtrack for *2010: The Year We Make Contact* was composed for and played mainly using digital synthesizers. These included the Synclavier by the New England Digital company and a Yamaha DX1. Only two compositions on the soundtrack album feature a symphony orchestra. Shire and Huxley were so impressed by the realistic sound of the Synclavier that they placed a disclaimer in the album's liner notes stating "No re-synthesis or sampling was employed on the Synclavier."

Andy Summers, guitarist for the band The Police, performed a track entitled "2010", which was a modern new-wave pop version of Richard Strauss's *Also Sprach Zarathustra* (which had been the main theme from *2001: A Space Odyssey*). Though Summers' recording was included on the soundtrack album and released as a single, it was not used in the film. For the B-side to the single, Summers recorded another *2010*-based track entitled "To Hal and Back", though this appeared in neither the film nor the soundtrack album.

## Release

### Box office

*2010: The Year We Make Contact* debuted at number two at the North American box office, taking $7,393,361 for its opening weekend. It was held off from the top spot by *Beverly Hills Cop*, which became that year's highest-grossing film in North America. During its second week, the film faced competition from two other new sci-fi films; John Carpenter's *Starman* and David Lynch's *Dune*, but ultimately outgrossed both by the end of its domestic theatrical run. It finished with just over $40 million at the domestic box office and was the 17th-highest-grossing film in North America to be released in 1984.

### Comic book

In 1984, Marvel Comics published a 48-page comic book adaptation of the film by writer J. M. DeMatteis and artists Joe Barney, Larry Hama and Tom Palmer. It was published both as a single volume in *Marvel Super Special* #37 and as a two-issue miniseries.

### Home media

*2010: The Year We Make Contact* was first released on home video and laserdisc in 1985, and on DVD (R1) in 1998 by MGM. It was re-issued (with different artwork) in September 2000. Both releases are presented with the soundtrack remastered in Dolby 5.1 surround sound and in the original 2.35:1 aspect ratio, though a packaging error appears on the 2000 Warner release, claiming that the film is presented in anamorphic widescreen when, in reality, it is simply 4:3 letterboxed and not anamorphic (the MGM version of the DVD makes no such claim). The R1 and R4 releases also include the film trailer and a 10-minute *behind-the-scenes* featurette *2010: The Odyssey Continues* (made at the time of the film's production), though this is not available in other regions.

The film was released on Blu-ray Disc on April 7, 2009. It features a BD-25 single-layer presentation, now in high-definition 16:9 (2.40:1) widescreen with 1080p/VC-1 video and English Dolby TrueHD 5.1 Surround audio. In all regions, the disc also includes the film's original "making of" promotional featurette (as above) and theatrical trailer in standard definition as extras.

## Reception

### Critical reception

Critical reaction to *2010: The Year We Make Contact* was generally positive. It holds a 66% "Fresh" rating with an average score of 5.78/10 on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 35 reviews. The critical consensus reads, "*2010* struggles to escape from the shadow of its monolithic predecessor, but offers brainy adventure in a more straightforward voyage through the cosmos." Roger Ebert gave *2010: The Year We Make Contact* three stars out of four, writing that "It doesn't match the poetry and the mystery of the original film, but it does continue the story, and it offers sound, pragmatic explanations for many of the strange and visionary things in *2001*." Ebert also wrote it "has an ending that is infuriating, not only in its simplicity, but in its inadequacy to fulfill the sense of anticipation, the sense of wonder we felt at the end of *2001*". He concluded, however: "And yet the truth must be told: This is a good movie. Once we've drawn our lines, once we've made it absolutely clear that *2001* continues to stand absolutely alone as one of the greatest movies ever made, once we have freed *2010* of the comparisons with Kubrick's masterpiece, what we are left with is a good-looking, sharp-edged, entertaining, exciting space opera".

James Berardinelli also gave the film three stars out of four, writing that "*2010* continues *2001* without ruining it. The greatest danger faced by filmmakers helming a sequel is that a bad installment will in some way sour the experience of watching the previous movie. This does not happen here. Almost paradoxically, *2010* may be unnecessary, but it is nevertheless a worthwhile effort." Vincent Canby gave *2010: The Year We Make Contact* a lukewarm review, calling it "a perfectly adequate though not really comparable sequel" that "is without wit, which is not to say that it is witless. A lot of care has gone into it, but it has no satirical substructure to match that of the Kubrick film, and which was eventually responsible for that film's continuing popularity."

Colin Greenland reviewed *2010* for *Imagine* magazine, and stated that "a tense space drama with excellent performances from Helen Mirren and John Lithgow, and glorious special effects. For everyone who was mystified by *2001*."

### Awards and nominations

*2010: The Year We Make Contact* was nominated for five Academy Awards:

* Best Art Direction (Art Direction: Albert Brenner; Set Decoration: Rick Simpson)
* Best Costume Design (Patricia Norris)
* Best Makeup (Michael Westmore)
* Best Sound (Michael J. Kohut, Aaron Rochin, Carlos Delarios and Gene Cantamessa)
* Best Visual Effects (Richard Edlund, Neil Krepela, George Jenson and Mark Stetson)

The film was also nominated for three Saturn Awards; Best Science Fiction Film, Best Costumes (Patricia Norris), and Best Special Effects (Richard Edlund). It won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation in 1985.

## References

1. ↑ 2010. British Board of Film Classification.
2. ↑ Hughes, Mark. "Top 10 Best Space Travel Films Of All Time", *Forbes.com*, November 8, 2014, p. 1.
3. ↑ 2010 (1984).
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 LoBrutto 1997, p. 456.Template:Citation not found
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Arthur C. Clarke and Peter Hyams. The Odyssey File. Ballantine Books, 1984.
6. ↑ Rothman, David H. (November 16, 1982). The Arthur C. Clarke chapter of *The Silicon Jungle*. *DavidRothman.com*.
7. ↑ Template:Cite AV media
8. ↑ Tony Banks interview, *WorldOfGenesis.com*
9. ↑ 2010 Official Soundtrack Album (cat: AMA 5038). Liner notes: All of the original music, with the exception of "New Worlds" and the second half of "New Worlds Theme" was entirely synthesized using the New England Digital Synclavier II, Yamaha DX-1 and Roland Jupiter-8. The Blaster Beam was used on "Reactivating Discovery". No resynthesis or sampling was employed on the Synclavier. All electronic music was recorded with an Amek 3500 mixing desk and Otari MTR 90 24-track recorder and remixed to a Mitsubishi X-80 digital recorder.
10. ↑ Andy Summers "2010" (AM 2704)
11. ↑ Andy Summers - 2010.
12. ↑ Weekend Box Office Results for December 7-9, 1984 - Box Office Mojo. *boxofficemojo.com*.
13. ↑ Weekend Box Office Results for December 14-16, 1984 - Box Office Mojo. *boxofficemojo.com*.
14. ↑ 1984 Yearly Box Office Results - Box Office Mojo. *boxofficemojo.com*.
15. ↑ GCD :: Issue :: Marvel Super Special #37. *comics.org*.
16. ↑ *2010* at the Grand Comics Database
17. ↑ 2010: The Year We Make Contact Movie Reviews, Pictures.
18. ↑ "2010", *RogerEbert.suntimes.com*, January 1, 1984.
19. ↑ 2010: A Film Review by James Berardinelli. Reelviews.net.
20. ↑ Canby, Vincent. "Movie Review - 2010 - '2010,' PURSUES THE MYSTERY OF '2001'", *The New York Times*, December 7, 1984.
21. ↑ Greenland, Colin (April 1985). "Fantasy Media". *Imagine* (TSR Hobbies (UK), Ltd.) (25): 47.
22. ↑ The 57th Academy Awards (1985) Nominees and Winners. *oscars.org*.
23. ↑ "2010 — Awards", *The New York Times*, Baseline & All Movie Guide, 2009.
24. ↑ Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA. *imdb.com*.
25. ↑ 1985 Hugo Awards. *The Hugo Awards*.

## External links

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* *2010* at the Internet Movie Database
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