Egypt

## Map of Country

**Egypt**, officially the **Arab Republic of Egypt**, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip of Palestine and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt, while Alexandria, the second-largest city, is an important industrial and tourist hub at the Mediterranean coast. At approximately 100 million inhabitants, Egypt is the 14th-most populated country in the world.

Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage along the Nile Delta back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of scientific and popular interest. Egypt's long and rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, which reflects its unique transcontinental location being simultaneously Mediterranean, Middle Eastern and North African. Egypt was an early and important centre of Christianity, but was largely Islamised in the seventh century and remains a predominantly Sunni Muslim country, albeit with a significant Christian minority, along with other lesser practiced faiths.

## Historical Forms

### Prehistoric Egypt

* Halfan and Kubbaniyan culture
* Sebilian culture
* Qadan culture
* Harifian culture
* Neolithic cultures
	+ Merimde culture
	+ El Omari culture
	+ Maadi culture
	+ Tasian culture
	+ Badarian culture
	+ Naqada culture
	+ Amratian culture
	+ Gerzeh culture
	+ Naqada III

### Ancient Egypt

* Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)
	+ First Dynasty of Egypt
	+ Second Dynasty of Egypt
* Old Kingdom of Egypt
	+ Third Dynasty of Egypt
	+ Fourth Dynasty of Egypt
	+ Fifth Dynasty of Egypt
	+ Sixth Dynasty of Egypt
* First Intermediate Period of Egypt
	+ Seventh Dynasty of Egypt
	+ Eighth Dynasty of Egypt
	+ Ninth Dynasty of Egypt
	+ Tenth Dynasty of Egypt
	+ Heracleopolitan kingdom
* Middle Kingdom of Egypt
	+ Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt
	+ Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
	+ Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt
* Second Intermediate Period of Egypt
	+ Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt
	+ Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt
	+ Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt
	+ Abydos Dynasty
	+ Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt
* New Kingdom of Egypt
	+ Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
	+ Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
	+ Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt
* Third Intermediate Period of Egypt
	+ Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt
	+ Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt
	+ Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt
	+ Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt
	+ Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt

### Antiquity

* Late Period of ancient Egypt
	+ Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt
	+ Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt
	+ Achaemenid Empire
	+ Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt
	+ Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt
	+ Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt
	+ Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt
* Hellenistic period
	+ Argead dynasty
	+ Ptolemaic Kingdom
* Roman Period
	+ Roman Egypt
	+ Roman pharaoh
	+ Diocese of Egypt
	+ Sasanian Egypt

### Middle Ages

* Rashidun Caliphate
* Umayyad Caliphate
* Abbasid Caliphate
* Tulunids
* Ikhshidid dynasty
* Fatimid Caliphate
* Ayyubid dynasty
* Mamluk Sultanate
	+ Bahri Mamluks
	+ Burji Mamluks

### Early Modern Period

* Ottoman Empire
	+ Egypt Eyalet
* Khedivate of Egypt
* Sultanate of Egypt
* Kingdom of Egypt

### Modern Period

* Republic of Egypt (1953-1958)
* United Arab Republic (1958-1971)
* Arab Republic of Egypt (1971-Present)
	+ Arab Republic of Egypt under Sadat (1970-1981)
	+ Arab Republic of Egypt under Mubarak (1981-2011)
	+ Revolution
	+ Arab Republic of Egypt under Morsi and el-Sisi

## Egypt Governorates

* Alexandria
* Aswan
* Asyut
* Beheira
* Beni Suef
* Cairo
* Dakahlia
* Damietta
* Faiyum
* Gharbia
* Giza
* Ismailia
* Kafr El Sheikh
* Luxor
* Matrouh
* Minya
* Monufia
* New Valley
* North Sinai
* Port Said
* Qalyubiyya
* Qena
* Red Sea
* Sharqia
* Sohag
* South Sinai
* Suez