Ēosomê language

The **Ēosomê language** (Modern Eosome: **Aosomaë Lutanbal, Аосомае Лутанбал**) is one of the Kingdom of Bujan's official languages, the other being Bujanski.

## Background

It originated from the northwestern part of the island, and was used as a national language for Ersovjant during the Sixteenth Age. A modernised version of Eosome is used as the common language for all native people in Bujan. It is also one of several official languages of Bujan, commonly understood by almost all citizens of various races as a national language. This modern form of Eosome is known as **Common Eosome** (**Vanudna Aosomaë**), to differentiate it from more archaic, classical, or ceremonial forms.

Many words in modern Eosome were derived from later words created during the Sixteenth Age, when Bujan was united by Resovjant as a modern nation, complete with electricity, television, air conditioning, and elevators.

## Dialects

The standard dialect for modern Eosome is based on the speech used by aristocrats in Koscheigrad before the Wannaenid conquest.

Dialects or registers that utilise the obsolete "ng" phoneme are known as "ng-dialect", often associated with aristocrats or upper-class people. In modern speech, ng is often replaced with g, n, or -nna.

### Northern Eosome

Northern dialects pronounce æ as [ʌ~ɐ], and a as [ä~ɔ]. This also influenced northern dialects of the Bujanski Slavic language.

### Eastern Eosome

Eastern dialects of Eosome have the "ng" phoneme, which rarely appears in standard Eosome.

### Western Eosome

Western dialects, especially the Buronian dialect, tend to pronounce medial -o- as "ue". For example, the city of Buron's official Eosome name, even in Standard Eosome, is "Buruen", so "Buron" is considered old-fashioned or too strict.

Buronian Eosome is also known as Jurmadovian Eosome, after the native Wonao tribe that inhabits Buron Province. Jurmado is also the language that influenced local Eosome, hence o sometimes becoming "ue". Some words, like "nohjul" (Jurmado) and "gohjul" (Buronian dialect), retain their o vowels.

The phoneme [ç] (hj) survives in western dialects of Eosome, while elsewhere it becomes into "j", "sj", "zj"; or even "nj" or "rj".

* gohjul - (Buronian for kōsjul) "mangrove tree".
* sen, senau - no, not

### Koscheigradian Ēosomê

Ēosomê as spoken in Koscheigrad retains the "ng" phoneme due to its usage by younger people. However, the pronunciation of words can be "crunched", spoken in full and proper forms in formal settings.

* sen, sanau - no, not
	+ "en" is used, but is considered casual and not proper.
	+ To avoid confusion with the pronoun "sen", some speakers use "sanau".
* sanaura - certainly not (stronger)

### Lidongradian Eosome

[ʑ] and [ɕ] are among the phonemes used.

* sen, šonau - no, not

### Starij Province Eosome

Much Naonaere words, simplified or syllabic phonology.

Most people are taught the correct "ng" words from school lessons.

## Historical forms

### Resuvjomra

Resuvjomra was one of the earliest attested Wonao languages in history. It was the common language used by Motakol's kingdom, the most distant ancestor of the Eosome language.

This language was written in syllabic pictograms, standardised during the reign of King Motakol. The knowledge of the syllables became a classical art, which evolved into some of the modern scripts used by the Wonao languages.

* al, ala - fire
* alju, aljura - red
* bajana, bajaña, bajuña - good rain
* dakoih, dasoil - a mangrove tree
* dantoña, datona - a rainbow
* ga- - a collective
* ga-dakois - mangrove forest
* \*ñrolkon, guro(l)ko(n) - to rumble, to shake
* wra, mra, mura - a horse (Daizhouvian: mraa)

Decades into Motakol's reign, Daizhouvian characters were adopted due to frequent contact with merchants, sailors, intellectuals, and pirates, resulting in a mixed syllabary similar to Pinogunian. The Wonao readings of various ancient Daizhouvian characters, along with loanwords that survive into modern times, became very useful for researching historical Daizhouvian pronunciations.

Surviving documents from that era were especially useful for linguists who studied archaic Daizhouvian.

### High Eosome

This was the classical language that was the basis of the modern Eosome language. It is nowadays mostly a ceremonial and religious language, with later and modern Eosome being more simplified.

The eastern dialects of the Eosome language spoken during the Thirteenth Age became a source of classical songs and poems.

### Ngaal Dar

Ngaal Dar was the name of the Eosome language during the Tuksharan colonisation. Old Ngaal Dar was the speech during the start of colonial rule, while Later Ngaal Dar was the speech from the war of independence from the Tuksharan Empire.

This was when the simplified alphabet was created.

### Resvōjōntein

This was the stage of Eosome used during the Pinogunian invasion of Resovjant, and through the era of Red Ardesch.

It was also notably used by Namirian knights and their compatriots who fought against their Pinogunian kin to stop the latter from enslaving them. Resvōjōntein was the language of some hymns during those counterattacks and defensive crusades.

* ? - electricity
* pakaisab - air conditioner
* tawonsöimæt - television
* lōryl - elevator

### Resvujontieng

This was the stage of Eosome used during the Sixteenth Age, at the eve of the Terran Invasion. It was also present during the early days of the Denlotia, which Resovjant and its neighbours had as a great ally.

* \*ñrokoñrokæa - earthquake, caution

### Resovāntein

This was the Eosome language used at the latter Sarmelonid era, around the time of the conquest of Resovjant and the arrival of Koschei's Slavs.

* kōsjul, kōśjul - mangrove tree
* talañ - rainbow
* uol, ual - fire
* uolun, ualon - red

### Old Eosome

This was the stage of the Eosome language at the time of the Zvestarid Standardisation. In line with the Standardisation, many modern words in Eosome were put together from 16th Age Eosome.

The earliest dictionary in modern Eosome and Rukanian was composed in 1002 BT.

* kadañ - smith
* kadañan - smithing
* kōhjul - a mangrove tree
* sen - no, not
* zoreña - a rainbow

### Modern Eosome

In modern Eosome, the "ng" phoneme became "n", "g", or "-nna".

Nonetheless, after independence, the phoneme was revived in casual use, as standard and formal Eosome only use this archaic phoneme in several words and names.

"hj" evolved into "zj", "j", and "sj", retained in western dialects.

* kōzjul (around 900-1400 AT) > kōsjul - mangrove tree
* zorjeña > zōrænna - rainbow

## Alphabet

Eosome has two modes, an alphabetic mode and a syllabic mode. The alphabet is the informal form, while the syllabic is considered more proper and formal.

Alphabetic Eosome is used to teach children and foreigners to read and write, and to transcribe foreign languages. Many of the alphabetical letters were made from initial vowel letters and final consonants in the syllabic form.

A simplified mode was created for the earliest computers and typewriters used by the Wonaos, at around the Sixteenth Age during the Tuksharan conquest of the Western Hemisphere. It reduces the diacritics for long vowels and final consonants to shorter symbols. It is only for alphabetical form.

Although it is considered more "proper" to only use one mode in any single writing, it is more common for syllabic-mode Eosome writing to have alphabetical-mode words. Usually, foreign names and words are written in alphabetical order.

### Orders

International/basic order: a, æ, b, č, d, dž, e, (ê), g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, (ng/ñ), o, ö, p, r, s, t, tr, u, v, w, (y), z, ', -au, en

Traditional order: b, d, g, a, k, j, æ; h, č, i, l, n, o, p; r, s, m, t, (ê), v, ö; dž, u, z, e, ', w; (ng/ñ), (y), tr, -au, en

b, d, g, a, k, j, æ;

h, č, i, l, n, o, p;

r, s, m, t, (ê), v, ö;

dž, u, z, e, ', w;

(ng/ñ), (y), tr, -au, en

Modern Eosome has 31 letters.

### Obsolete sounds

hj, ng/ñ

* hj is nowadays replaced with sj, zj, j, rj, or nj.
* ng is mostly spelled in various archaic words in standard Eosome, even though the sound has disappeared as an independent phoneme.

If hj is included, there may be 32 basic letters in earlier forms of Eosome.

### Foreign sounds

f, š, kh, ž, šč, ï, tj, ts, dz

The latter six sounds are mainly for Bujanski and Slavic languages, although three of them are also used for other languages (ž, ts, dz), like f.

* ï is for the Bujanski "ï" vowel, a very light "i": ь
* tj is for the verbal suffix in various Bujanski words: -ть. It only represents the "tj" sound, while everything else in the verb is spelled. For example, "dælatj" (doing this action) is spelled in Eosome as "dæ-la-tj".
* All other instances of "tj" or ть are just spelled as "final consonant t + ï", as in "pjætj" (five) spelled as "pæ + medial j+ final t + ï".

### Notes in the Eosome scripts

* ng/ñ is only used in some words or is found in eastern dialects. It is commonly merged into n.
* y is a variant of u.
* aë (aee, [aˈɛ]) is different from æ (ae, [æ~ɛ]).
* ê is a variant of æ, jen, or jan. It is usually pronounced as [jæ] or [jɛ̃~jɛu̯] in ceremonial and archaic speech.

### Eosome spelling rules

* In the Eosome syllabary, ê does not have its own set of syllables. Instead, it is always written after e-syllables.
	+ E.g. "kê" - written as "ke-ê".
* -au (plural suffix) and en ("not") were added in 1910 AT as two new letters due to their frequent use in the Eosome language, both in syllabic and alphabet forms. New rules were created to standardise the new letters' usage.
	+ When -au is -rau, it is correctly spelled as "ra-au".
	+ When not used for a plural, "au" is written either as a-syllable + u, or any syllable with "au".
	+ For the archaic "sen" word for "no", it is correctly written as "se-en" in syllabic fotm; "sen" in all other contexts or in names is just "se-n".
	+ In alphabetic form, "sen" for "no" is "s-en", with all other "sen" as just "s-e-n".
* Consonant clusters in the Eosome script are:
	+ Syllable of the vowel + medial. E.g. ka+ -r- = kra
	+ For non-native or "impossible" clusters in typical Eosome, the consonant form is used, followed by the vowel syllable. E.g. "vpjered" is spelled as "v+pe+ -j- +re+d".
* Final consonants are written as diacritics.
	+ For clusters other than "-nt" or "-nd", any number of consonant forms are used, with the last consonant of the cluster being written as a diacritic. For example, "nst" is spelled as "n+s+ -t".
* "tr" is always written either as its own consonant in alphabetical form, or as t with medial r in syllabic form. Still, it is considered as one of the basic letters in modern Eosome.
* "ts" is written as t with medial s in syllabic form, or as two letters, "t-s", in alphabetical form. An example of a native word using "ts" is "tsun", which means "to die": it only applies to native Wonao words or older borrowings from some languages.
	+ For "ts" phonemes from other languages, the "ts" set of syllables is used.

There are thirty-one basic letters in the traditional Eosome alphabet.

Although ng, ê, and y are variants of n, e, and u; -au is a common plural suffix; and "en" is just the word for "no"; they are considered as letters for the sake of learning to read the alphabet and its syllabary.

### Common alphabet/Cyrillic

б, д, г, а, к, ј, ѣ;

х, ч, і, л, н, о, п;

р, с, м, т, ѧ, в, ѫ;

џ, у, з, е, ', w;

ң, ѵ, тр, у̊, ӈ

Ѧ is always used to transcribe ê [jæ].

Ѫ is used to transcribe ö [ø], and is a traditional symbol of Wonao culture next to the Bujanski Slavs' Ѣ (æ, yat letter). It is sometimes called "the flower letter", "the beautiful letter", or "flower" due to its shape. The Wonao people chose to retain this letter, claiming that it looked like a beautiful flower.

У̊ is used for the -au plural suffix, and Ӈ is used for the "en" (no, not) word.

ъ, sometimes transcribed as y like its main vowel, is added between the consonants of any unusual cluster in written Common letters.

## Pronouns

Somewhat like the Bujanski language, Eosome and its modern form have a series of pronouns that very by declension, social rank, and properness. Much of it was the result of thousands of years of Wonao monarchy.

There are seven types of the same pronoun: common, noble, royal, humble, divine, inanimate, and lowly.

### Types of pronouns

* common - basic
* noble - when referring to nobility or spoken by nobles
* royal - when referring to royalty or used by royals
* humble - when expressing obedience
* divine - when referring to gods or good beings
* inanimate - for non-living objects
* lowly - derogatory. Often used for diseases, waste, negative things, enemies, and things that are disliked; and obviously rude when used towards people.

People of the same social rank may use common pronouns when speaking to each other, or to a friend using a lower pronoun. In modern Bujan, many royals tend to use common pronouns all the time when speaking to anyone, because they wanted to encourage their people to become more modernised and fair.

Referring a person by a higher pronoun is not considered offensive in Bujan, as it is praising the person and showing them love, rather than insulting royalty or nobility.

Divine pronouns must not be used on other people, but only to gods and good supernatural beings. If they are used for people, even demigods, this is considered as blasphemy against the gods. It either ends with scolding at best, and prison for a few days at worst, especially if repeated too often and rudely.

Cases of intentionally using divine pronouns on people are thankfully rare, as in most cases it is done by accident, and the Bujanski are rather forgiving. They do sometimes use these pronouns in a mocking manner, but only when the pronunciation is distorted to avoid using the real words and offending the gods.

### List of pronouns

* lom, long/lon - I
	+ becomes "long" after -l.
* lomod (no/na) - I (noble)
* Lontoi - I (royal)
	+ -ntoi is an archaic suffix that means "the greater"
* löime (ro/ra) - I (humble, "I, your humble servant")
	+ -ro is for a male speaker, -ra is for a female speaker
* klom - me (accusative I, common)
* tlom, tolom, dlom - me (accusative, noble and royal)
* ... löty, ... löti, -lö - my
* sun, sen, sön - thou
	+ all three are technically correct, but sön is used more often in formal settings, while sen is often used in casual settings.
* sön - thou (more formal, respectful)
* sönta - thou (noble)
* Suantoi - Your Majesty (royal)
* sen - thou (common)
	+ Because "sen" is a classical word for "no", to avoid confusion with the pronoun, the word "sanau" or "senau" is used for "no".
* sei, sii - thee (accusative)
* siilom - thee (accusative, noble)
* ... sömy, -sö - thy
* ro - he
* rovei - he (formal)
* Ruan, Ruontoi - his majesty (royal)
* Ri - he (divine)
* rui, rei - him
* -ruwö - his (common)
* -rwō - his (formal)
* -Ruara, -Ruantoi - his (royal)
* -Rovja - his (divine)
* rja - she
* rjavai - she (formal)
* Rjetan, Rjentoi - her majesty (royal)
* Raati - she (divine)
* rejai, raai - hers
* -rjatö - her (common)
* -rwatjö - her (formal)
* -Rweta, -Rwetwai - her (royal)
* -Rwatja - her (divine)
* meti, meis - it
* tjanda - we
* Teunöi, Teunoi - we (honorific)
	+ Teunöi is the more proper form, even though both forms tend to be interchangeable.
* surö - you all
* tual, twon - they (plural, common)
* tovei - they (formal)
* Trajotroi, Trajoi - Their Majesties (plural, royal)
	+ Commonly used when referring to multiple monarchs, although nowadays replaced with noble or common pronouns.
* Tri - they (divine)

### Basic parts to words

* -au - (plural)
* -ar - (plural for some words, like deities)
* ... on - (genitive)
* mi ... - of (genitive, formal or honourific)
* -a - (genitive, for names and titles)
	+ after a final -a becomes -ra, after -ra becomes -na

## Verbs

Eosome verbal tenses are mostly marked by words before the verb. Verbs are usually written after the word that shows the doer.

* drei ... - past
* dreikau ... - past perfective
* nrien ... - past continuous
* mie ... - continuous
* ka ... - present perfective
* -ai!, -au!, -o!. -ol!. -ta!, -da! - present imperative
	+ All of them are correct, although -o and -da are the most commonly-used.
* ... jos! - present imperative (derogatory)
	+ Usually used to order an attack, a strike, or a punishment. Repeating this word repeats the action, for as many times as it is uttered.
* mö ... - future
* möin ... - future continuous
* komö ... - future perfective

### Example

*Verbal tense + subject-verb + object.*

* Drei lom-r(u) - I did it.
* Dreikau lom-r - I had did it.
* Nrien lom-r - I was doing it.
	+ Commonly pronounced, especially in fast speech, as "njen rom-ry", to fit into vernacular Bujanski phonology.
* Lom-ru. - I do it.
* Mie lom-r. - I am doing it.
* Ka lom-r. - I have done it.
* Mö lom-r. - I will do it.
* Möin lom-r. - I will be doing it.
* Komö lom-r. - I will have done it.

### Examples of usage

* Drei Korar-mita nilka. - *past God-PLU-see island* - "The gods watched the island".
* Džatin, jos! - *shoot, PRES-IMPER!* - "Shoot!"

## Affixes

### Amount

* su - big
* džo - great
* džōro - greater
* džōand - greatest
* -ntoi - the greater ... (archaic)
	+ related to džo.
* -ntoien - the greatest ... (archaic)
* maata, maita - little, small
* majet - little, very small, tiny
* mi(tu)- - little ...
* mitu - small
* olk, olka - all, all of
* ilkō- - omni-, all of (imperative, classical)
* ytjora - more (amount)
* ytsajotsa - more and more, bigger and bigger (size or amount)
* oitavoito, oitajoito - more and more (frequency)
* mituvy - less
* mitumitu, mitymitu - smaller and smaller, less and less (in size or amount)
* rabaraba, rabaroba - lesser and lesser (in frequency)
* etorūar - more
* etōrual - the rest of, the others
* etōr - and so on, etc.
* ... ine - every

### Locations

* -ambi - to go around
* amtu - around
* lo - up
* loylan - upper direction
* ul, yl - down
* yolan - just below, down direction
* džō - high
* nuz - low, downwards
* nuluz, naluz - lower
* noldžan - under
* nodžan - under, right below
* vjana - sunrise, east
* tjoloi - west
* netsjöl, nesjöl - north
* maivöl, māvjöl - south
* uon - towards
* yol, mjol, jol, ol - from
* ytmo - across
* nölun - through
* batol, bjatol - under
* hinei - over, above
* mæjau - behind
* kne, kjane - right here
* metjau - in front of, ahead
* taëlan - horizontal
* taëlap - straight
* korö(m) - into
* rö(m) - in, inside
* kolēn - outwards
* lēn - outside
* ... ron, -ron - with
	+ archaic: -roñ

### Time

* ylmak - before
* namairæ, nmairæ - now
* lōromak - after
* lōro - future
* -gā - a day (unit of time)
* tōjalmik - 2nd day before yesterday (western dialects)
* tōjalmak - 2nd day before yesterday (eastern dialects)
* hanyalmik - 2nd day before yesterday
* jolkamak - day before yesterday (western dialects)
* ygalmik - day before yesterday
* ylmoka, yolka - yesterday
* kīga - today
* lōrika - tomorrow
* hanlōmaë - day after tomorrow
* lōrumaa - day after tomorrow (eastern dialects)
* dosulōm - second day after tomorrow
* tojulsōn - 2nd day after tomorrow (eastern dialects)
* ikênda - together
* winja, wêja - later

### Questions

* na'i - can you?
* na'ika'e? - can you do it?
* kæ? - ... (yes) or not?
* -ka'e - can you do that?
* ... kao? - what?
* ... mui? - where?
* ... wikjê - why?

### Others

* ka- - -ness
* ka- -an - -ness (greater)
* -an - something
* -and - something or someone who is great
* -ant - -ia, -land, a country
* -ê, -ien - belonging to, -ian, (demonym)
	+ E.g. Ersovjantê, "Bujanski". (the country, not the ethnicity)
	+ E.g. Pelorönö (Pinogunian ethnic), Pelorörō (someone from Pinoguni) Pelorönê (Pinogunian, the country)
	+ Archaic spelling: Ersuvjontien
	+ Aosomaë and Wonaorörō do not need -ê/-ien suffixes, as these are the native names for the Eosome and Wonao peoples. Using this suffix on them is considered disrespectful, suggesting disloyalty or treason against Bujan. But "Ēosomê" is an archaic name, so it is exempted.
	+ Wonaos also discourage using these suffixes for Bujanski people, as they are equals in being the two ruling peoples of Bujan. So Ersovjantê is for the country of Bujan, not the Slavic people.
	+ If a name ends in a vowel, -ê/-ien becomes -je/jen.
* -ænda - (demonym adjective, archaic)
* -rönê - (demonym adjective, modern)
* -(r)örō - (demonym, honorific)
	+ plural: -röraau. "Wonaorörō" is both singular and plural.
	+ The correct Eosome terms for Wonaos and Bujanski Slavs are "Wonaorörō" and "Burjantrörō".
* -rö - (demonym, especially for ethnic people)
	+ plural: -rönö
* toko-, tog- - a place of
* moto - about, regarding
* sa - this
* mæ - that
* vadna - same
* mo- - turns a word into a verb
* ure-, re- - a doer
* -mak - a worker of something
	+ plural: -makau
	+ togamak - a staff member
* sijop, sjob - against
* sop- - anti-
* hon-, jon(a)- - for, pro-
* ron(a)- - (greater, honorific, classical) for, pro-
	+ archaic: roña(r)-, roña(t)-
* haso- - -isation
* -kap - house of...
* Ve ... - day of ...

### One consonant words

* r (ru, ur, yr) - to do
* s - wave, turn, stage
* g (gy, gu) - with, is, to be

## Basics

* am - yes
* toja, toiroi - true
* en - no
* en- - not
* sen, sanau, senau - (archaic) - no, not
	+ Nowadays mostly used in Koscheigrad, Lidongrad, and western dialects
	+ To avoid confusion with the pronoun "sen", it is often used as "senau" or "sanau".
* sanarau - (stronger) no!, absolutely not!
	+ Equivalent to "bez" in Bujanski.
* etunnoi, etwoi - false
* ... un - and
* ... at - and, with (in a list)
* m(y)no ... - or (up to three subjects)
* me ... - or, other than (in a list)
* mo - but
* o - by
* sema - about (someone), related to...
	+ sema klom - about me
* semarau - about (multiple people or topics), related to...

### Greetings

* Nore!, Noreu! - Hello!
* Am Saratrume, Soantra - Greetings
* Soantra - Welcome
* kovjane - good morning
* o uinamla - good afternoon
* ei wivantja, wivætja - good evening
* mo lihhoanda, lehio - good night
* Lon Uemesamze, Uesmaze - Excuse me
* Zōredne - I am sorry (common)
* Lon Uinomlaa - I am sorry (formal)
* Klahhæja - Thank you (rushed)
* Higaran - Thank you (gentle)
* Su'önna - Thank you (basic)
* Surökkan - Thank you (more polite)
* Su ögaran - Thank you very much, many thanks
* Kaikora - Goodbye
* Rokkurokka - Caution!, Danger! (originally it means "earthquake")

#### Festive greetings

* Es Damoblo! - Happy Birthday!
* Es Darokauta! - Happy Creation Day!
* Es Ve Horiwen! - Happy New Year's Eve!; Happy New Year!
* Es Ve Hōrivjana! - Happy New Year!
* Hōny(u) ... ! - Hail to, Glory to
* ... Džōju! - Praise to
* Sop-kirājel waëra, sop-basōhan waëra. Es Ve Kolanta! - "May there be victory over pain and darkness. Happy Kolieda!"

#### National greetings

* Ajudānæ Džararataënda! - Long Live the King!, Praise the Emperor!
	+ In Eosome, "Džararataënda" is the word used for the "king" of Zvesta and Bujan. For some countries with an "Emperor", like Pinoguni, their monarchs are still addressed as "rataraau".
* Maimonö Džōju! - Praise the Gods!, Glory to Heaven!
* Hōnyu Maimonö! - Thank the Gods
* Es Ve Mitouladan! - Blessed Svetovid's Holy Day!
* Es Ve Milnakdola! - Happy Independence Day
* Es Ve Tojamevōma! - Happy June 28! (Independence Day)
* Rikairjazōr Mö-röintora! - Daylight Will Return! (revolutionary war slogan)
* Rejosirau Maimonö! - "May Our Heroes of Bujan Shine With Glory!"
* Es Ve Nosorkau! - Happy Nosorkau Day!
* Es Ve Rataudamlo! - Happy Birthday, Your Majesty, O King of Bujan!
* Mila Resovjant! - Long Live Bujan!
* Milækjaara, Milnakdola! - Bujan Endures in Freedom, Forever!
* Hon-Kabakilan, Hon-Resovjant! - For the Neighbourhood and Bujan!
* Hon-Kor, Džararataënd, Daara at! - For the Gods, King, and Country!
* Pandži ! - Swear this vow!; Take the oath!

#### Miscellaneous

* soro ... - come on
* sero ... - come on! (stronger)
* nantökæ, nantö, nantekö (ra) - oh my gods; OMG
	+ From "Nantaau Korurai", a prayer meaning "[I call upon the] Blessed Rays of the Kolovrat/Sun God". Later a common interjection.
* Noi! - Go on!, Let us go!
* ačitana - be careful, caution
* čītwota, čītwona - watch out, be careful
* anē - bullseye!

#### Negative expressions

* Jos! - "Hit again!"
	+ Repeated as many times as to attack an enemy, such as shooting or beating.
* Sattara! - "Kill it!"
	+ Can also be used for a variety of curses, such as "You will die!", "You shall be killed!". Often yelled when one is going to execute or kill an enemy.
	+ Examples: Asu sattara! (Die, cur!); Tæreirau sattara (kill the Terrans); sattara jos!/satoraujos (Kill, and kill again!)
* Ilkōsatta!, Ilkōsattara! - "Kill them all!"
* Koröm Notluna - into hell
* Hokoi könotla - burn in hell
* Könotla nouto, könnoutlō - freeze in hell
	+ More common way to say "go to hell". In Wonao mythology, Hell is depicted as a frozen wasteland, known locally as Notluna.
* Notluna, Notullo, Natollo - Hell no

## Numbers

* ikčal, ičal (0)
* tolu (1)
* ue, ve (2)
* muta, mutja (3)
* no, non, nom (4)
* ui, y (5)
* čæn (6)
* mina (7)
* ma (8)
* noi, toi (9)
* ba, bant, want (10)
* vantol (11)
* vanwe (12)
* vantmas (13)
* vantnom (14)
* vantui (15)
* vantačæn (16)
* vantmina (17)
* vantmua (18)
* vantoi, vantanoi (19)
* mevant (20)
* mevantol(u) (21)
* mevantwe (22)
* mevammutja (23)
* mevantono (24)
* mevantui (25)
* mevančæn (26)
* mevantina (27)
* mevantua (28)
* mevantoi (29)
* muvant (30)
* muvantmas, muvontas (33)
* nomvant (40)
* yvant (50)
* čætvant (60)
* mintvant (70)
* muovant (80)
* noivant (90)
* ačiri, čōri, čōrja (100)
* loi, mjuloi (1000)
* milloi, timloi, mitloi (10000)
* hatta(ra) (100k)
* umidri (million)

### Affixes

* ko(n)- - ordinal
* -wa - of a number for a group
* ve(n)- - day number for a month
* -ga - amount of days

### Examples

* kotolu, konue, komutja, konon, konui, kočæn, komina, koima/kojōma, kontoi, kovant - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th
* minawa - six members in a group
* muvantmaswa - 33 members of a group
	+ Muvantosma(nt) - group of 33, Bujan (for its traditional provinces)
* čōrjawa - 100 members of a group
* Tojarikaa Vemevammua, Tojari Vemōva, Tojamevōma - 28th June, date of Bujan's independence day

### Native months

* March - Wīlarura - Spring
* April - Wīlatol - Tree Blossoms
* May - Datormak - Bonfires of the Sun ("dara tormakau")
* June - Tojarikaa - True Dawn
* July - Surataauva - Vast Ocean
* August - Rovjatoha - Year's Peak
* September - Sarikaa - Saffron
* October - Tsonkovjomi - Dying Leaves of a Tree
* November - Nira - Chill
* December - Notlon - Winter
* January - Zulan - Storm
* February - Yoljatoha - Year's Depth
* 24 Feb - 1/2 Mar - Lurō, Lurōri (the final week)

### Translated names

* Baitorja - April
* Konövan - June (Radiance, Sunlight)
* Nira - November (Chill)
* Notlohha - December (Frozen Month)
* Artaimak - January (Blue Skies)
* Koatormak - February (Windswept Bonfires)
	+ Tormakuo - "Bonfires"
* Gjeratroi - March (Blooming)

## Colours

* al - red
* rikaa - orange
* aituo - yellow
* woila, jora - green
* irda - blue
* tjagu, tjogu - purple
* ao - white
* hom, homdo - grey
* sōjoh, sōh - black

## Pronunciation

a, æ, b, č, d, e, ê, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, (ng/ñ), o, ö, p, r, s, t, u, v, w, (y), z, '

* ae, aë - [aɛ]
* æ - [æ]
* č - [t͡ʃ~t͡ʂ]
* dž - [ɟ]
* ê - [jæ(n)]
* h - [h]
	+ Not [x] as in Bujanski kh.
	+ However, between vowels and at the end of a word, it may also be pronounced as [x].
* hh - [ħː]
	+ [χ(ː)~x] in ceremonial speech
* i - [i], sometimes [-ɯ-] medially and unstressed
	+ Although some Wonao-speakers try to avoid this [-ɯ-] pronunciation as "vulgar", this is considered the correct pronunciation in formal Eosome.
* j - [j]
* ng/ñ - [ŋ]
	+ Often replaced with g or n in most words.
	+ Nowadays left in a few native words and many archaic terms and names, but still in daily use in dialects.
	+ Pronouncing "ng" correctly in modern Eosome is common in parts of Bujan, but is seen as very educated or pretentious.
* -nd - [-nd~-nt]
* -nt - [-ntʰ]
* ö - [ø]
	+ [øʊ̯] in the word sön (holy) and in related and derived terms.
	+ long ö is transcribed as õ.
* v - [ʋ~v~β]
* wa - [wa]
	+ [oa] in ceremonial speech
* y - [y~ɯ]
	+ allophone of u

i, ö, y may sometimes lapse into [ɯ] when unstressed. Y may also be added between consonants in awkward-sounding clusters, but is not written.

## Samples

See also: Samples of Eosome

**Lom nok g sa nokorol mihha.**

**Лом нок гъ са нокорол міхха.**

[lom nok gɯ sa nokoˈrol ˈmiχːa]

*I go with this turtle wise.*

I go with this wise turtle.

**Lom čölin nöja druntēziri.**

**Лом чѫлін нѫја друнте̄зірі.**

[lom t͡ʂølin nøˈja ˈdrunteːzɯri]

*I play (instrument) like guitar.*

I like to play the guitar.

**Soantra Resovjant töi!**

**Соантра Ресовјант тѫі!**

Welcome to Buyan!

**Teunoi-baja ikênda!**

**Теуноі-баја ікѧнда!**

We walk together!

**Resovjant tæura löty!**

**Ресовјант тѣура лѫтѵ!**

Buyan is my home!

**Es Ve Hōrivjana!**

**Ес Ве Хорівјана!**

Happy New Year!

## Gallery

A signpost in western Bujan leading to Buron City.Wīlarura, Wīlatol, Datormak, Tojarikaa (April, May, June, July)Soantra Resovjant töi ("Welcome to Bujan")Teunoi-baja ikênda ("We walk together")Rokkorokko (Danger)Resovjant tæura löty! (Bujan is my home)Es Ve Hōrivjana! (Happy New Year)Ikiril (a sacred rattle)Makura (a shark)Sop-kirājel waëra, sop-basōhan waëra. Es Ve Kolanta! ("Victory over cruelty, victory over darkness. Happy Kolieda!)En! (No)
## Trivia

* The Eosome language was partly influenced by Malay grammar.
* Eosome's multiple modes of writing - syllabic and alphabetical - may be influenced by the different writing systems used in the Japanese language, kana (syllabary) and kanji (Chinese characters).
* As of 1956 AT, nine out of every thirteen Bujanski Slavs can fluently understand and use Eosome, because it is taught in every school as a national language.

## See also

* Eosome glossary
* Eosome slang
* Samples of Eosome
* Wonao glossary
* Classical Bujanski language
* Bujanski language
	+ Bujanski slang
	+ Wonao Bujanski words
* Naonaere language
* Naonaere glossary
* Koedaker glossary
* Makkadalish glossary
* Drevobojanse glossary
* Wonao mythology
* Daizhouvian loanwords in Wonao languages
* List of Wonao names