Ligne 150 KV - (Garchizy-Henri-Paul)

## Présentation :

La ligne Garchizy-Henri-Paul est une ancienne liaison à 150 000 volts qui reliait la centrale électrique de Garchizy au poste d'interconnexion *Henri-Paul* près de Montchanin. Elle a été fractionné à plusieurs reprises durant le XXe siècle et est aujourd'hui en majeure partie déposée.

Chargement de la 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class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHenri-Paul\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Henri-Paul\n","link":"","lat":46.74650833465061,"lon":4.500802247523716,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGarchizy\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Garchizy\n","link":"","lat":47.03098037204275,"lon":3.0850619891189446,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESaint-Eloi\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Saint-Eloi\n","link":"","lat":46.99185718319732,"lon":3.212904494420261,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EChampvert\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Champvert\n","link":"","lat":46.841838606160415,"lon":3.487483321495568,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELa Boulaye\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"La Boulaye\n","link":"","lat":46.72880238727689,"lon":4.130356548245366,"icon":""}]}
## Historique :

#### Origines de la ligne :

On peut estimer les origines de la ligne à 1928, quand le groupe Schneider créa une filiale appelée *Compagnie d'Interconnexion Rhône EGuzon* (CIREG) afin de construire une artère entre son réseau électrique et le barrage d'Eguzon sur la Creuse. La ligne Garchizy - Henri-Paul, partie orientale de cette liaison, fut mise en service en 1936 et reliait les usines métallurgiques du Creusot à la centrale thermique de Garchizy, près des forges de Fourchambault. Elle servait notamment à évacuer l'excédent de production des barrages du Jura vers Nevers et Bourges.

#### Trois décennies d'évolutions :

La ligne fut fracturée une première fois dès le début des années 1940, quand le poste de coupure de La boulaye fut mis en service afin de raccorder une ligne 150 KV venant de Bayet (Prolongement de la ligne Bayet-Gueugnon, exploitée jusque là en 120 KV).

Cette situation ne dura guère car en 1953, la ligne Bayet-la Boulaye fut déroutée vers *Henri-Paul* via un tronçon de 30km construit entre Toulon-sur-Arroux et Ecuisses. Le poste de La Boulaye est alors désaffecté et rapidement démonté. A la même époque (entre 1950 et 1955), la ligne se raccorda au poste de Champvert par une entrée en coupure.

   En 1963, le poste de transformation 225/150/63 KV de Saint-Eloi est construit au Sud-Est de Nevers et deviendra à terme le centre nerveux du réseau électrique de la Nièvre. Le tracé de la ligne est alors légèrement modifié pour la raccorder à ce nouveau poste. A ce stade, l'artère Garchizy - Henri-Paul est découpée en 3 lignes à 150 KV et restera en l'état une vingtaine d'années.

#### Déclassement progressif à partir des années 1980 :

Avec le développement de la très haute tension dans la région, le réseau 150 000 volts est voué à disparaître. Le poste de Garchizy reçoit ainsi l'échelon 225KV en 1984 (par entrée en coupure de la ligne Saint-Eloy - Tabarderie) et la ligne Garchizy - Saint-Eloi est déclassée en 63 KV. Le tronçon Saint-Eloi - Champvert subira le même sort l'année suivante.

La ligne Champvert - Henri-Paul, section la plus longue de cette continuité, sera exploitée sous 150 KV jusqu'en 2016 avant d'être entièrement démontée.

#### Dépose de la ligne par étapes :

La ligne a été en grande partie démontée depuis les années 1980 :

* 1986 : Remplacement des pylônes entre Saint-Eloi et la voie ferrée Clamecy-Nevers par des supports type Danube pour réaliser un tronc commun avec la ligne 225 KV Saint-Eloi - Vignols.
* Fin 2016 : Démontage de la ligne Champvert - Henri-Paul.
* Vers 2017 : Enfouissement du tronçon entre la voie ferrée Clamecy-Nevers et le poste de Garchizy.

## Futur :

La ligne Saint-Eloi - Champvert devrait être entièrement remplacé par une liaison aéro-souterraine d'ici à 2022. Le démontage de la ligne actuelle est prévu entre 2022 et mi 2023, ce qui ne laissera plus aucune trace de l'ancienne artère Garchizy - Henri-Paul.

## Description du tracé :

* Depuis Garchizy, la ligne partait plein Est en direction de Varennes-Vauzelles puis bifurquait au Sud-Est après la D907.
* Après le franchissement de la Nièvre, elle tournait un peu plus au Sud et gardait ce cap jusqu'au *bois du Mont Dessend* à Sauvigny-les Bois.
* A partir de Sauvigny, la ligne se composait de pylônes à 3 triangles. Elle repartait alors vers le Sud-Est, longeait brièvement la D18 puis se dirigeait vers La Machine.
* Elle cheminait à travers le *bois des Frétys* puis contournait La Machine par le Sud en traversant le *bois des Glênons*. Elle sortait de la forêt au niveau de Champvert et arborait à nouveau des pylônes de type nappe.
* Elle suivait ensuite le canal du Nivernais et la ligne Nevers-Chagny puis contournait Cercy-la-Tour par le Sud, croisant deux fois la voie ferrée et la D981.
* Elle partait ensuite vers le Sud-Est, franchissait une dernière fois la D981 et la voie ferrée et suivait cette direction jusqu'à Marly-sous-Issy.
* Après avoir croisé la D973, elle bifurquait franchement vers l'Est.
* Elle passait au Nord de Toulon-sur-Arrou, franchissait l'étang de la Sorme puis longeait la D102 par le nord jusqu'à la N70 (RCEA).
* Après avoir traversé la RCEA, elle passait au dessus de Montchanin-Le-Haut puis partait vers le Nord pour se raccorder au poste d'interconnexion *Henri-Paul*.

## Tronçons récupérés pour la création de nouvelles lignes :

* Ligne 150 KV - (Garchizy - La Boulaye)
* Ligne 150 KV - (La Boulaye - Henri-Paul)
* Ligne 150 KV - (Garchizy - Champvert)
* Ligne 63 KV - (Garchizy - Saint-Eloi)
* Ligne 63 KV - (Saint-Eloi - Champvert)
* Ligne 150 KV - (Champvert - Henri-Paul)

## Liens :

* https://www.persee.fr/doc/helec\_0758-7171\_1999\_num\_33\_1\_1432