recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Picardy

**Picardy** is a historical region of northern France, with Amiens as its capital. The region, which merged into Hauts-de-France in January 2016, used to stretch from Noyon to Calais along the Somme River, and the region was the center of the *Jacquerie* peasant revolt of 1358 during the Hundred Years' War. In 1419, Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy acquired Picardy from the Kingdom of France, but Louis XI of France reconquered Picardy in 1477. In 1557, during the Italian Wars, the Habsburg army of Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy ravaged St. Quentin and burnt  Noyon to the ground. Under Napoleon I, the sugar beet industry grew in the region in response to the United Kingdom's seizure of the French colonies in the Caribbean, and the sugar business dominated the economy of Picardy for centuries. In 2007, Picardy had a population of 1,890,000 people.

## Gallery

Location of PicardyThe fields of Picardy during World War IThe countryside of Picardy in 1940
Lakota

The **Lakota**, also known as the **Teton Sioux**, are a tribe of Native Americans that are part of the seven-tribe Sioux confederation. The Lakota include the Miniconjou, Sans Arc, Brule, Oglala, Hunkpapa, Blackfoot Sioux, and Two Kettles, the seven tribes of the Lakota. In the 1990s, 55,000 lived on reservations and 103,255 identified as Lakota on the census, with most living in North Dakota and South Dakota; historical records state that they originated in Minnesota. The Lakota were forced into The Dakotas by the firearm-wielding Ojibwe, but by 1750 their population reached 30,000 as they reached prosperity by hunting buffalo. They sided with Great Britain during the American Revolutionary War and War of 1812, but in 1815 they signed a friendship treaty with the United States and were granted a tract of land from Wisconsin to Wyoming in 1825 before selling the eastern part of it. Eventually, settler invasion and Lakota reprisals led to conflict with the United States Army starting in the 1850s, and the Lakota were eventually in a constant state of war with the USA after the mid-1860s. In 1877, the end of the Great Sioux War led to the Lakota defeat and their forced departure for reservations, where around half of them live today.
Portugal

The **Portuguese Republic** is a country located on the western coast of the Iberian Peninsula of southwestern Europe, with its capital at Lisbon. Portugal was first established as a Christian kingdom in 1139 during the Reconquista, and Portugal became the first global empire after conquering the Azores, Madeira, Ghana, the Congo, and parts of West Africa from the 15th to 16th centuries. The Portuguese also settled in Brazil and India, setting up lucrative colonies. Portugal would remain an empire into the 1900s under the *Estado Novo* regime, but the Carnation Revolution of 1974 and uprisings in Angola, Mozambique, Cape Verde, and Equatorial Guinea led to the downfall of the dictatorship and the end of the Portuguese empire. Today, Portugal is a developed country with a high standard of living, and it had a population of 10,341,330 people in 2015.
Jews

The **Jews** are an ethnoreligious group that is descended from the Israelites and people such as Abraham, Moses, and Noah. Most Jews adhere to the religion of Judaism, but many were forced to convert to other religions during their long history of persecution and calamities, with Jews in Spain, Portugal, and other countries in Western Europe being converted to Catholicism while Jews in the Middle East were converted to Islam. The Jews have historically been a diasporic community ever since their homeland of Israel was conquered by Babylon, the Assyrian Empire, and other empires, with the Jews marrying people in their new homelands and creating distinct groups of Jews such as Ashkenazim (in Europe), Sephardim (in the Iberian Peninsula, Southern Europe, and North Africa), Hasidim (in Russia), Bukkharan Jews (in Central Asia), and Beta Israel (in Ethiopia), among others. Today, there are around 14,500,000 Jews living in various countries, with the majority residing in either their homeland of Israel or the United States.
Orthodox Christianity

**Orthodox Christianity** is a denomination of Christianity whose largest communities exist in Eastern Europe and the Middle East. Orthodox Christianity, like Catholicism, originated with the original Christian Church established by the Twelve Apostles in 30 AD following the crucifixion of Jesus. Its theology is based on the Nicene Creed, adopted at the First Council of Nicaea in 325 AD, and the church was formed by the eastern bishops who disagreed with the Bishop of Rome's claim of primacy over the other bishops at the council. Orthodoxy is characterized by its belief in self-governing churches (as opposed to the Catholic Church, which is centered around the Pope), the belief that Jesus redeemed humanity by triumphing over death at his crucifixion (while Catholics believed that his death itself was a sacrifice made to redeem humanity), praying while standing (while Catholics kneel), the use of leavened bread at rituals (while Catholics use unleavened bread), the ability of priests to marry (unlike the clerical celibacy of Catholicism), and the celebration of Easter according to the Julian calendar (while Catholics use the Gregorian calendar, 13 days ahead of the Julian one). In 1054, in the Great Schism, Orthodoxy broke communion with the Catholic Church, formally splitting, but efforts have been made to rejoin the two denominations due to their many similarities.
Ingolfr Arnarson

**Ingolfr Arnarson** (840-891) was Chief of Vestisland from 867 to 891.

## Biography

Ingolfr Arnarson was born in Rivedal, Norway in 840, the sof on Arni Bjornolfrsson, and he left Norway because of a blood feud and decided to settle on the newly-discovered island of Iceland, which had become a Norse colony under Hrafna-Floki Vilgertharson and Gardar Svavarsson. He founded the chiefdom of Vestisland, naming it for a group of Irish (*vestmenn*) slaves whom he had tracked down and killed there. In 874, he founded Reykjavik, the present-day capital of Iceland. Ingolfr died in 891.
Joshua

**Joshua** (1537-1427 BC) was the leader of the Israelites from 1451 BC to 1427 BC, succeeding Moses and preceding Othniel.

## Biography

Joshua was born in Egypt in 1537 BC to a family of Hebrew slaves, and he worked as a stonecutter during his years of bondage, falling in love with the water girl Lilia. One day, he met the Egyptian prince Moses and told him of the Hebrew God, and Moses later saved Joshua from death by killing his overseer Baka. Joshua escaped from hard labor in the copper mines during Moses' exile and later rejoined him while Moses was living among the Midianites as a shepherd. After Moses reached Canaan during the Exodus, Moses appointed Joshua as the new leader of the Israelites before dying in 1451 BC. After the crossing of the Jordan River, Joshua led the Israelites to destroy the walled city of Jericho, and he defeated Ai in c. 1400 BC after a brief setback. Later that year, he routed an alliance of enemies at the Waters of Merom. He died in 1427 BC, and he told his people not to mate with the locals, lest they stray from God, and reminded them to continue being faithful.
Marxism

**Marxism** is a leftist political ideology that was founded by Karl Marx and his associate Friedrich Engels in the 19th century, advocating the proletariat's class struggle against the bourgeoisie and the upper classes. Marx hypothesized that socialism - distribution based on contribution - would lead to a society of communism, where everybody would share the world's resources and live in a utopia. Today, Marx's ideas are commonly mixed with Vladimir Lenin's beliefs in Marxism-Leninism, and his views are found in both socialist and communist organizations.
Navajo

The **Navajo** are a Native American people from the American Southwest. The Athabaskan ancestors of the Navajo and Apache arrived in the Southwest around 1400, and they were largely hunters and gatherers until the arrival of the Pueblo and the Spanish. The Navajo believe that they moved from the lower world to the Earth's surface because of witchcraft practiced against them, and the original Navajo are said to be present in the form of natural objects such as rocks, mountains, wind, and rain. The Navajo celebrate their ancestors with several "sings".

The Navajo later co-opted Pueblo farming techniques and began herding sheep and goats and growing corn, beans, and squash, and they also spun and wove wool. In 1680, the Navajo helped the Pueblo and Hopi overthrow the Spanish, but the Spanish reoccupied the area and pushed the Navajo into the southwestern desert in 1693. In the 1770s, the Spanish sent military expeditions against the Navajo, but the Spanish, Navajo, and Hopi later allied against the Apache and Comanche bands. In 1846, the Navajo came into conflict with the United States Army during the Mexican-American War, and the Navajo went to war with the Hopi in 1850 over resources.

In 1863, the US hired Kit Carson to capture the Navajo under the guise of a peace conference, and he killed the Navajo livestock to create starvation. Beginning in the spring of 1864, 9 thousand Navajo were forced to walk 400 miles to Fort Sumner, New Mexico in the "Long Walk", with thousands dying. In 1868, the US government agreed to a treaty with the Navajo in which they were allowed to return to their original land in a large reservation, which was generously apportioned due to the Navajo tribe's relatively passive reaction to American expansionism. However, they were put on the same reservation as their Hopi rivals. From 1873 to 1895, the Navajo were even used as scouts for the United States Army. From the 1930s to the 1950s, the US government imposed livestock reduction upon the Navajo, hoping to solve land erosion problems on the Navajo reservation; the Navajo were concerned about the destruction of their old customs. In 2015, the Navajo had a population of 300,460 people, mostly living in Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah.

## Gallery

Location of the Navajo nation.Original historical Navajo flag.Navajo Women.A Navajo man.
Ignacio Comonfort

**Ignacio Gregorio Comonfort de los Rios** (12 March 1812 – 13 November 1863) was President of Mexico from December 11, 1855 to December 17, 1857, succeeding Juan Alvarez and preceding Benito Juarez.

## Biography

Ignacio Gregorio Comonfort de los Rios was born in Puebla de los Angeles, Puebla, Mexico in 1812 to French immigrant parents. He served in the Mexican Army during the Mexican-American War, and he later became a leader of the Liberal Party of Mexico and served as Governor of Jalisco from 1854 to 1855 and as Secretary of War from 1854 to 1857, and, in 1855, he took over the presidency from Juan Alvarez after Alvarez's resignation. Comonfort was a moderate liberal, and he passed an anti-clerical constitution which weakened the Catholic Church and enfranchised all citizens. He appointed Benito Juarez to the Supreme Court, but when Comonfort attempted to make himself dictator, Juarez declared his action unconstitutional, and Comonfort resigned and was replaced as President by Juarez. He served as a general during the French Intervention, but he was killed in a *bandito* attack at Celaya, Guanajuato in 1863.
Indian Subcontinent

The **Indian Subcontinent**, also known as **South Asia**, is a southern region part Asia that is located south of the Himalayas and surrounded on three sides by the Indian Ocean. The core regions are India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, but Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and the Maldives are also included in the definition. The region is diverse in religion and ethnicity, with most Indians, Maldivians, Tamils, Sinhalese, and Bengalis being Dravidians while many Pakistanis are either Pashtuns or Punjabis, many Nepalese are a mixture of Indian and East Asian people, and most Bhutanese are Asian.
Isoroku Yamamoto

**Isoroku Yamamoto** (April 4, 1884 – April 18, 1943) was commander-in-chief of the Imperial Japanese Navy's Combined Fleet from August 30, 1939 to 18 April 18,1943, succeeding Zengo Yoshida and preceding Mineichi Koga.

## Biography

Isoroku Takano was born on 4 April 1884 in Nagaoka, Niigata Prefecture, Japan to a *samurai* of the Nagaoka Domain. In 1904, he graduated from the Imperial Japanese Navy Academy and fought in the Russo-Japanese War, losing two fingers at the Battle of Tsushima. In 1916, by the time that he was a Lieutenant Commander in the IJN, he was adopted into the Yamamoto samurai family, also a Nagaoka Domain family. He attended Harvard University and was posted as a naval attache to the United States in Washington DC, learning fluent English. When World War II broke out in 1939, he was an opponent of the Tripartite Pact, leading to the Imperial Japanese Army guarding him at his house to keep an eye on him. Minister of the Navy Mitsumasa Yonai appointed him commander-in-chief of the Combined Fleet, fearing that he would be assassinated by the far-right patriots if he remained on the Japanese mainland.

### World War II

On 15 November 1940, Yamamoto was promoted to admiral, and he led the Combined Fleet. When war became unavoidable, Yamamoto decided that the only way to end the war would be to take over all of the United States and negotiate peace terms in the White House, and on 7 December 1941 he led the Attack on Pearl Harbor against the US Navy, starting the Pacific War. Yamamoto was a great leader of Japan in the war, perhaps the best commander that they could field. He succeeded in fighting the Americans to a draw at the Battle of the Coral Sea after winning the Battle of the Java Sea, but the Battle of Midway was a disaster for the Imperial Japanese Navy.

After the fall of Guadalcanal, Yamamoto decided to visit the Japanese forces in the South Pacific, and President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox to kill Yamamoto and destroy the leadership of the Imperial Japanese Navy. On 18 April 1943, his plane was shot down over Bougainville in a targeted assassination and crashed in Buin, New Guinea, depriving Japan of their best naval commander.
Osman

**Osman** (1258-1326) was an Anatolian warlord who was best known as the founder of the Ottoman Empire. By 1301 he controlled land around the city of Nicaea (Iznik) and, as his success against the Byzantines grew, more Turkish warriors were attracted to his banner. His son Orhan Bey would conquer Brusa, Nicaea, and Nicomedia in the 1320s and 1330s, weakening the Byzantine Empire.

## Biography

Osman's Anatolian family was pushed westwards by the onslaught of the Mongol Empire, and the very year he was born, Baghdad was sacked. His father Ertugrul conquered the Byzantine Empire city of Thebasion (Sogut), which became the capital of his Kayi tribe, in 1231. In 1282, he came to the fore as mercenaries from across the Byzantine Empire streamed into his realm to plunder the remaining strongholds of the Greeks. One night, he had a dream that Sheik Edebali interpreted as a message from God that he would take over the world. He was given Edebali's daughter as his wife, and in 1302, at the Battle of Bapheus, he defeated a Byzantine army near Nicaea. Shortly after, he seized the city of Ephesus.

His last action before his death was to capture the city of Brusa (Bursa) from the Byzantine Greeks. Brusa became the capital of his eponymous Ottoman Empire, and his son Orhan Bey would proceed to conquer the cities of Nicaea and Nicomedia.
Montenegro

**Montenegro** is a country in the Balkans, located along the Adriatic Sea and to the south of Bosnia and Herzegovina, west of Serbia, and north of Albania. Podgorica is its capital and largest city, while Cetinje was the historical capital of the country. During the Middle Ages, Montenegro was divided into Serbian principalities, and the independent Montenegrin state of Duklja was established in 1042 after Stefan Vojislav rebelled against the Byzantine Empire. The region passed through the control off several powers, and the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro was established in 1696 as a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. In 1852, the Prince-Bishopric became a principality, and the principality became the Kingdom of Montenegro in 1910. The short-lived kingdom made minor territorial acquisitions from the Ottomans during the First Balkan War in 1912, splitting the Sanzak border region with Serbia. From 1916 to 1918, Austria-Hungary occupied Montenegro due to its support for Serbia during World War I, and the government of Montenegro was still in exile when the Podgorica Assembly proclaimed unification with Serbia to form the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
Industrial Revolution

The **Industrial Revolution** was a period from 1760 to around 1840 that saw a transition from hand production methods of manufacturing to machines, new chemical manufacturing, and iron production processes. The Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain due to the large amounts of natural resources located in the British Isles, and the development of trade and the rise of capitalism led to the revolution. The development of new technologies such as the steam engine, the flying shuttle, the cotton gin, and the seed drill led to the rise of the factory system in urban areas, with farmers and agricultural workers growing raw materials that would be manufactured into marketable goods at factories. The need for workers in the new factory system led to the rapid expansion of urban areas, the decline of agricultural areas, urban sprawl, increased migrant labor, the rise of the laborer and the decline of the farmer, and a rise in *per capita* income. Populations increased as new jobs were created, but there was some opposition to the new system. Agrarianists argued that the Industrial Revolution was causing greater unemployment among farmers as their jobs were outsourced to machines; Luddites sought to destroy machines to return jobs to unemployed workers; socialism and communism grew among workers who were opposed to the gross exploitation of labor by the now-dominant capitalist class; children's rights groups opposed the rise of child labor; and liberal groups sought shorter working hours and stronger safety laws. In the end, the Industrial Revolution created unprecedented sustained growth in average income and population, began a steady increase in the standard of living of the population, and started the mechanization process of labor.
Pacific Ocean

The **Pacific Ocean** is the largest ocean on Earth, covering 63,800,000 square miles (46% of Earth's water and 33% of the total surface area, larger than all of the land area combined). The ocean's favorable winds led to Ferdinand Magellan calling it the "pacific" ocean, as it was peaceful and helpful. It is located between Asia and Oceania to the west, North America and South America to the north and east, and Antarctica and the Southern Ocean to the south.
James Monroe

**James Monroe** (April 28, 1758 – July 4, 1831) was 5th President of the United States from March 4, 1817 to March 4, 1825, succeeding James Madison and preceding John Quincy Adams. He formerly served as a US Senator from Virginia from November 9, 1790 to May 27, 1794 (succeeding John Walker and preceding Stevens Thomson Mason), Governor of Virginia from December 28, 1799 to December 1, 1802 (succeeding James Wood and preceding John Page) and from 16 January to 2 April 1811 (interrupting George William Smith's two terms), Secretary of State from 6 April 1811 to 4 March 1817 (succeeding Robert Smith and preceding John Quincy Adams), and Secretary of War from 27 September 1814 to 2 March 1815 (succeeding John Armstrong Jr. and preceding Alexander J. Dallas). He was a member of the Democratic-Republican Party.

## Biography

James Monroe was born in Westmoreland County, Virginia in 1758, and he was a member of the planter class. He served in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and he was wounded at the Battle of Trenton by a musketball to the shoulder. After studying law under Thomas Jefferson from 1780 to 1783, he served as a delegate in the Continental Congress. At the Constitutional Convention in 1787, he opposed the ratification of the US Constitution, claiming that it gave too much power to the central government. However, he took part in the government as a US Senator from 1790 to 1794, and he joined the Democratic-Republican Party.

Monroe served as Governor of Virginia from 1799 to 1802 and briefly in 1811, and he helped to negotiate the Louisiana Purchase from France in 1803. During the War of 1812, he served as Secretary of State and Secretary of War, and he was easily elected President in 1816, facing little opposition from the Federalist Party. He embarked on a tour of the country that was well-received, and he encouraged the healing of political divisions and consensual American nationalism. In 1818, the United States and the United Kingdom agreed to jointly occupy Oregon, and the USA gained fishing rights in the Pacific. The 1819 Adams-Onis Treaty secured Florida for America. The swell of harmony subsided during the Panic of 1819, and the Missouri Compromise roiled the country in 1820. However, Monroe won near-unanimous reelection that same year. During the 1820s, he supported the founding of colonies in Africa by freed slaves, and Monrovia, the capital of the freed slave colony of Liberia, was named in his honor. In 1823, he unveiled his Monroe Doctrine, which announced US opposition to European intervention in the Americas. He retired in 1825, and the First Party System would soon fall apart as the Democratic Party and US Whig Party were formed. Monroe died in New York City in 1831.
M16

The **M16 rifle**, officially designated **Rifle, Caliber 5.56 mm, M16**, is a family of military rifles adapted from the ArmaLite AR-15 rifle for the United States military. The original M16 rifle was a 5.56 mm assault rifle with a 20-round magazine.

In 1964, the M16 entered United States military service and the following year was deployed for jungle warfare operations during the Vietnam War. In 1969, the M16A1 replaced the M14 rifle to become the US military's standard service rifle. The M16A1's improvements include a bolt-assist, chrome-plated bore and a 30-round magazine.

In 1983, the United States Marine Corps adopted the M16A2 rifle and the United States Army adopted it in 1986. The M16A2 fires the improved 5.56×45 mm NATO (M855/SS109) cartridge and has a newer adjustable rear sight, case deflector, heavy barrel, improved handguard, pistol grip and buttstock, as well as a semi-auto and three-round burst fire selector. Adopted in July 1997, the M16A4 is the fourth generation of the M16 series. It is equipped with a removable carrying handle and Picatinny rail for mounting optics and other ancillary devices.

The M16 has also been widely adopted by other armed forces around the world. Total worldwide production of M16s is approximately 8 million, making it the most-produced firearm of its 5.56 mm caliber. The US military has largely replaced the M16 in frontline combat units with a shorter and lighter version, the M4 carbine.
Levi

**Levi** (1756 BC-1620 BC) was the third son of Jacob and Leah and the founder of one of the Twelve Tribes of Israel. He and his brother Simeon exterminated the people of Shechem in retaliation for their rape of their sister Dinah, leading to Jacob cursing Levi's descendants to become scattered. He fathered four sons (Gerson, Kohath, Merari, and Amram).
Imperial German Army

The **Imperial German Army** was the combined air and land forces of the German Empire that existed from 1871 to 1919, being formed in the aftermath of the unification of Germany. The imperial army had a strength of 500 thousand troops in 1871, but it would rise to a strength of 13,500,000 troops during World War I in 1914-18.

The Imperial German Army was deployed to regions across the world, including Namibia and Cameroon in Africa, China, and New Guinea, being sent on expeditions to add more lands to the empire. In 1914, it began its most famous war with its invasion of Belgium and France in Western Europe and Poland and the Russian Empire in Eastern Europe, leading to the start of the First World War.

The war saw the Germans have many successes, especially on the Eastern Front, but the Germans would be held back on the Western Front and eventually repelled by the British Army, French Army, and United States Army, and the November 11, 1918 armistice ended the war. The Imperial German Army ended with the German Empire, as the Reichswehr became the military of the Weimar Republic after the end of the empire.

## Gallery

Imperial German Army squad in 1917Imperial German Army march in a color footage.Imperial German Army advancing.
New Zealand

**New Zealand** is an island nation located in the southern Pacific Ocean, just to the southeast of Australia. The islands were first explored by the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1642, and the islands were colonized by the United Kingdom under the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840. The indigenous Maori tribes tried to resist British colonization at times, but they were eventually put down by the British Army. New Zealand would become a dominion of the Commonwealth on September 26, 1907 after 67 years of being a part of Britain, and it gained its *de jure* independence on December 10, 1947 after adopting the Statute of Westminster. New Zealand became a developed country with a market economy, and the capital of Wellington became the cultural capital of the nation, while Auckland was the largest city. In 2016, New Zealand had a population of 4,725,330 people.
Kingdom of Asturias

The **Kingdom of Asturias** was a kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula that existed from 718 to 910, with Oviedo serving as its capital. The kingdom was founded by the Visigoth noble Pelayo, whose Christian army defeated an Umayyad army at the Battle of Covadonga in 718. Much of northwestern Spain was reconquered during Pelayo's reign (718-737), and King Alfonso I of Asturias conquered Galicia in 740, Leon in 754, and advanced on La Rioja. In 761, King Froila I of Asturias founded a new capital at Oviedo. Asturias would eventually be plagued by infighting between nobles, and it became too large for a single ruler to govern. When Alfonso III of Asturias died in 910, his kingdom was divided into the Kingdom of Leon and the County of Portugal.
Lazaro Cardenas

**Lazaro Cardenas** (May 21, 1895 – October 19, 1970) was President of Mexico from December 1, 1934 to November 30, 1940, succeeding Abelardo L. Rodriguez and preceding Manuel Avila Camacho. Cardenas was a candidate of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), and he strengthened the educational system, promoted agrarian reform, and nationalized the oil industry as Pemex, while he also enforced secularism and destroyed the legacy of his former ally Plutarco Elias Calles, a conservative president.

## Biography

Lazaro Cardenas was born on May 21, 1895 in Jiquilpan, Michoacan, Mexico. He was one of eight children born to a lower-class *mestizo* family, and he worked as a tax collector, jail guard, and printer's apprentice; although he left school at the age of eleven, he studied history whenever possible. He joined Emiliano Zapata's party during the Mexican Revolution, later serving under Alvaro Obregon and Pancho Villa after Zapata's defeat. From 1928 to 1932, he served as Governor of Michoacan, and he was allied with the conservative President Plutarco Elias Calles. During his term as governor, he oversaw the redistribution of land, the growth of peasant and labor organizations, and the increase in education, with his grassroots style of governing leading to him becoming a popular politician.

### President of Mexico

In 1934, he became the presidential candidate for the National Revolutionary Party of Mexico (PNR), leading the liberal faction of the PNR. The conservative Calles made the mistake of believing that he could control Cardenas, but Cardenas went on to exile Calles and his corrupt associates, returning the PNR to its roots in social democracy. Cardenas destroyed the *hacienda* economy and created a system of *ejidos* (communal agricultural lands), built modern secular schools to eradicate the influence of the Catholic church (although he did condemn Plutarco Elias Calles' persecution of the Church), and formed workers' cooperatives to oppose the excesses of industrial capitalism. Cardenas reached out to both peasants and workers, and he nationalized the oil industry in 1938, forming Pemex as the national oil company. His destruction of relations with major countries such as the United Kingdom and unpopularity in Mexico led to Vincente Lombardo Toledano forming pro-communist militia forces while Juan Andreu Almazan formed right-wing militias, showing that Cardenas had opposition from both sides. He put down military revolts in Mexico and faced opposition from former revolutionaries, and he decided to create the new Party of the Mexican Revolution in 1938.

### Post-presidential career

Cardenas endorsed its candidate Manuel Avila Camacho in the 1940 elections, hoping to put an end to an era of unrest. From 1942 to 1945, Cardenas served as Minister of Defense, and he retired to a modest home in Lake Patzcuaro, Michoacan. Cardenas supervised irrigation projects during his later years, and he died in 1970 in Mexico City at the age of 75. His son Cuauhtemoc Cardenas would later go on to found the Party of the Democratic Revolution in opposition to the decaying PRI.
Histor-Fiction Wiki

**Welcome to the Histor-Fiction Wiki!**
We talk about real or fictional subjects in a historical setting in 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th and 21th century from real life history, movies, video games (such as Call of Duty, Assassins Creed, Battlefield or Medal of Honor), tv shows, and events that are happening right now. However this wiki fandom is not entirely factual; this wiki contains pieces of history from real-world history, the Total War video games (the original purpose for this wiki - formerly called "Total War: Alternate Reality Wiki" - which I later decided to expand upon), historical video games such as Assassin's Creed , Crusader Kings II , Victoria 2 , and other games of the type, books, plays, and films, in addition to some personal creations based on these universes or on current events. Also, this wiki is mainly intended as a personal project to record all of my video game alternate realities and to write down history mixed with these universes, but as this is a wiki, I will permit others to contribute to the wiki in a positive way.

We're a collaborative community website about Histor-Fiction that anyone, including you, can build and expand. Wikis like this one depend on readers getting involved and adding content. Click the "ADD NEW PAGE" or "EDIT" button at the top of any page to get started!
Illinois

**Illinois** is a state in the Midwest region of the United States. The state is a microcosm of the whole country, with small industrial cities and agricultural productivity in northern and central Illinois, coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, and the largest population center in the state is the city of Chicago, with Springfield being the capital. In the 1810s, settlers from Kentucky began arriving in Illinois, which had legally become a part of the USA after the 1783 Treaty of Paris that ended the American Revolutionary War. In 2015, the state had a population of 12,859,995 people.
Imperial Japanese Navy

The **Imperial Japanese Navy** (**IJN**) was the navy of Japan from 1868 to 1945, and by 1920 it was the third-largest navy in the world after the end of World War I. Although the First Sino-Japanese War and Russo-Japanese War saw the IJN destroy their enemies, World War II left the navy annihilated, and it was dissolved after the defeat. With great leaders like Heihachiro Togo and Isoroku Yamamoto, the Imperial Japanese Navy won great battles like the Battle of the Yalu River, Battle of Tsushima, and the Battle of the Java Sea, but defeats at the Battle of Midway, the Battle of the Philippine Sea, and the Battle of Leyte Gulf left the navy diminished, with all but one Japanese capital ship being sunk by the US Navy by July 1945.
Leon Trotsky

**Lev Davidovich Bronstein** (November 7, 1879 – August 21, 1940), better known as **Leon Trotsky**, was a Bolshevik revolutionary leader who led the Red Army to victory during the Russian Civil War and helped in the creation of the Soviet Union. Trotsky was a supporter of Vladimir Lenin from the beginning, and he founded his own branch of Marxism-Leninism known as Trotskyism, an ideology which would be persecuted under his rival, Joseph Stalin. Stalin defeated Trotsky in a power struggle after Lenin's death and forced him to go into exile in Mexico, where he was killed in 1940.

## Biography

Leon Trotsky, born Lev Davidovich Bronstein, was a Marxist revolutionary who came to prominence during the failed Russian popular uprising of 1905. He fled into exile, returning to Russia after the overthrow of the czarist regime in March 1917. He joined Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik (later Communist) Party in time for its seizure of power in November 1917.

Commissar for foreign affairs in Lenin's revolutionary government, Trotsky negotiated peace with Germany at Brest-Litovsk in March 1918. He became commissar for war, facing large-scale civil war in which the Bolshevik regime was threatened by White (counterrevolutionary armies and foreign forces. Trotsky transformed the small Red Army - evolved from revolutionary workers' Red Guard units - into a mass regular army. Employing former czarist officers to take command as "military specialists", he reimposed formal discipline and hierarchy of ranks. Between 1918 and 1920, conscription swelled the ranks of the Red Army to five million troops, far more than could be adequately supplied or equipped. Nonetheless, the Red Army won the civil war, thanks in no small measure to Trotsky, who toured the fronts delivering fiery speeches and ordering the execution of deserters.

In October 1919, he organized the last-ditch defense of Petrograd (St. Petersburg) against the White general, Nikolai Yudenich, at one point mounting a horse to round up retreating troops and turn them back to face enemy tanks. He was sceptical about the invasion of Poland in 1920, which led to defeat, but by then faced opposition within the communist leadership. After a long struggle against Joseph Stalin, Trotsky was expelled from the Soviet Union in 1929 and assassinated by one of Stalin's agents in Mexico in 1940.
Harlem

**Harlem** is a large neighborhood of northern Manhattan, New York City, best known for its history as a major African-American residential, cultural, and business center during the 20th century. Harlem's first African-American residents arrived in 1905 during the Great Migration, and the 1920s and the 1930s saw the start of the "Harlem Renaissance" as new clubs opened up to showcase black jazz musicians and poets, among other artists. However, the Great Depression and the deindustrialization of the city after World War II led to poverty and crime rates rising in the neighborhood (with Bumpy Johnson and Frank Lucas' black mob running the neighborhood during the late 1960s and early 1970s), and Harlem was a no-go neighborhood until the 1990s. From the 1990s onwards, Harlem was gentrified, and less than 40% of its residents were black by 2008. In 2000, Harlem had a population of 335,109 people.
House of York

The **House of York** was a cadet branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet, and the Yorkists held the throne of England from 1461 to 1485: Edward IV of England, Edward V of England, and Richard III of England belonged to the house. In 1459, Richard of York, the great-grandson of King Edward III of England, rebelled against the mentally-unstable Henry VI of England, beginning the Wars of the Roses. The House of York, symbolized by the white rose, seized power in 1461, and it fought against the rival House of Lancaster, represented by a red rose. In 1485, the Yorkists suffered a decisive defeat at the Battle of Bosworth Field, during which King Richard III was slain. Henry Tudor, now known as "King Henry VII of England", married Elizabeth of York to unite the families of England, creating the House of Tudor.
Ojibwe

The **Ojibwe** are a tribe of Native Americans in both the United States and Canada. Also known as the **Chippewa**, they are the fourth-largest tribe in the United States and the second-largest in Canada, with 170,142 living in the US in 2010. Many lived near Fort Sault Ste. Marie in Michigan, leading to some Canadian Ojibwe becoming known as "Salteaux"; the Mississaugas were Ojibwe who headed to Ontario. The Ojibwe are best known for their birch bark canoes and scrolls, their cultivation of wild rice, and their use of copper arrowheads, and the Ojibwe were very friendly with the Europeans, allowing them to settle on their land.
House of Plantagenet

The **House of Plantagenet** was a royal house originating in Anjou, France which ruled over England from 1154 to 1485. Henry II of England was the first Plantagenet monarch, and he united his holdings in France with the Kingdom of England to form the "Angevin Empire"; the Plantagenets controlled England, a claim on France, Ireland, Wales, Scotland, Aquitaine, Normandy, Brittany, Anjou, the County of Maine, County of Nantes, County of Poitou, and Cyprus at varying times. The house's end came when the House of York was defeated at the Battle of Bosworth Field, leading to the rise of the House of Tudor and the end of the Plantagenet line.
Italic tribes

The **Italic tribes** were an Indo-European people who migrated across the Alps from east-Central Europe in 1800 BC. The Italic tribes divided into several peoples, spreading from the Po Valley in the north and travelling to central and southern Italy. In the 1200s BC, Celts from Switzerland, eastern France, and southwestern Germany entered Lombardy and eastern Piedmont in northern Italy, mixing with the local Ligurians. In the region south of the Tiber, the Latins emerged, while the Veneti appeared in the northeast of the peninsula. By the mid-1st millennium BC, the Latins of Rome were growing in power and dominance, and several non-Italic Etruscans formed the Latin League against the Romans. After the Latins liberated themselves from Etruscan rule in 509 BC, they formed the Roman Republic, and they also became enemies with the Samnites. The Romans began to conquer the peninsula, and, following the Social War of the 1st century BC, all Italic tribes (except the Celts of the Po Valley) were granted Roman citizenship. The Italic peoples were quickly Romanized and came to speak Latin.
Middle East

The **Middle East** is a geographical region of Western Asia located between the Indian Subcontinent to the east, Central Asia to the northeast Africa to the southwest, the Caucasus to the north, and the Balkans to the northwest. The region has been a major part of history since the start of civilization, with early civilizations such as Sumer, Babylon, Ur, Uruk, and Assyria flourishing then; in recent years, it has been an important source of oil as well as a battleground for primarily-Sunni Salafist insurgents. Almost all of the countries in the Middle East have a Muslim majority, with most of those countries specifically having a Sunni Muslim majority; Israel is mostly Jewish and Lebanon has a 45% Christian minority. Great cities such as Jerusalem, Istanbul, Tehran, Mecca, Medina, Baghdad, and Cairo are located in the Middle East.
Myanmar

The **Republic of the Union of Myanmar**, also known as Burma, is a Southeast Asian country; Yangon (Rangoon) serves as its capital. Myanmar was once a powerful empire, with the Taungoo Dynasty and Konbaung Dynasty owning large territories in Southeast Asia. In 1824, the United Kingdom colonized Burma, conquering the rest of the country in a series of wars that lasted throughout the 19th century. British Burma, ruled mostly by Scottish administrators, was given its independence as a dominion in 1948 as the Union of Burma. Myanmar was ruled as a military dictatorship from 1962 to 2011, with Ne Win ousting Aung San's democratic government and replacing it with a military junta. For years, the government oppressed ethnic and religious minorities, leading to the Internal conflict in Burma of 1948-present. In 2011, democratic elections were held, and the opposition National Leage for Democracy, led by jailed opposition activist Aung San Suu Kyi, won a majority in the 2016 elections. Myanmar's transition to democracy did not end the internal conflict, however, and violence continues. In 2014, Myanmar had a population of 51,486,253 people.
Reactionism

**Reactionism** is a right-wing political ideology that favors reaction, especially extreme conservatism or rightism in politics, and opposition to political change. Reactionism emphasizes the return of a previous social or political state, supporting a return to the "good old days". In 19th century Europe, the reactionary class included the clergy, aristocracy, royal families, and royalists, who believed that national government was the sole domain of the Catholic Church and the state. Reactionaries supported an agrarian economy, a dominating landed society, a hereditary king, and Catholic moralism; reactionaries favored the aristocracy instead of the middle and lower classes. Reactionaries are typically found on the right of the political system, and they advocate authoritarian forms of government in opposition to democracy.
Balkans

The **Balkans** is a region of Southern Europe located along the Balkan Mountains. The Balkans include Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Kosovo, Montenegro, Albania, and Macedonia, with Slovenia, Romania, and Bulgaria usually being included in the region, while Greece and Turkey can also be included. The most conservative size of the Balkans coincides with a large population of southern Slavs, while Romania and Greece are inhabited by their own ethnic groups, not of Slavic origin.
Hispanics

**Hispanics** or known as **Latinos**, are descendants of the Spanish-speaking peoples of the Iberian Peninsula, at least partially. In Spain, almost all of the Spanish speakers are of pure Iberian European ancestry, but Hispanics in Latin America are (for the most part of this) only culturally Spanish, while they are usually of both Spanish and indigenous (*mestizo*) blood. In 2016, America had a population of circa 56,592,793 Hispanics, with most of them coming from Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, El Salvador, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, or Colombia. Most Hispanics are Catholic, while a minority are Protestant, Jewish, atheist, or other faiths.
Paganism

**Paganism** is the belief in many gods, worshipped in ways considered to be anti-Christian. Paganism originated in the Middle East, with the worshipping of many gods, and famous gods include those of Greek, Roman, Norse and Egyptian beliefs. Paganism prevailed in Germany and the Baltics well into the 1500s, and many Asian religions still worship multiple gods, such as Hinduism.
Malcolm X

**Malcolm X** (May 19, 1925-February 21, 1965) was an African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist. From 1952 to 1964, he was one of the most important figures within the black supremacist Nation of Islam, advocating for segregation and rejecting the Civil Rights movement. In March 1964, however, he embraced Sunni Islam and left the NOI, emphasizing black self-determination and self-defense. On 21 February 1965, he was assassinated by three NOI members.

## Biography

Malcolm Little was born in Omaha, Nebraska on May 19, 1925, the son of the Baptist minister Earl Little and his fellow UNIA activist wife Louise Little, and his home was burnt down by the Ku Klux Klan when he was just a child. Later, he moved to Boston, where he worked as a waiter and spent seven years in prison for burglary. In prison, he converted to Islam, and he became a follower in 1952 of the ascetic Elijah Muhammad, founder of the Nation of Islam, who sent him to New York City, where he worked in Harlem. As a brilliant spaker he became known nationally for his part in the Black Power wing of the Civil Rights movement. At first a strong advocate of black separatism, he was prepared to condone violence as a means of self-defense. In 1964, he quarrelled with Muhammad and left the NOI. After a pilgrimage to Mecca, he modified his views on separatism. He became an advocate of world brotherhood and formed the Organization of Afro-American Unity. Hostility developed between his followers and the Black Muslims led by Louis Farrakhan, one of whom shot him at a rally of his followers in Harlem in 1965.

## Gallery

Malcolm Little in Boston, 1940s.West Indian Archie and "Detroit Red" in Harlem.X in Early 1965, holding an M1 Carbine and looking out of the window.Malcolm with his daughters Qubilah Shabazz, Attallah Shabazz, Ilyasah Shabazz and wife Betty Shabazz.
George S. Patton

**George Smith Patton Jr.** (11 November 1885 – 21 December 1945) was a General of the United States Army who commanded the US Seventh Army in the Mediterranean theater of World War II and the US Third Army in France and Germany following the D-Day invasion. Patton was known for his colorful image, his hard-driving personality, and his success as a commander, and he became an American folk hero.

## Biography

George Smith Patton Jr. was born in San Gabriel, California in 1885, and he graduated from West Point in 1909 and joined the staff of General John J. Pershing, with whom he fought in Mexico in 1916 and France in 1917. Between World War I and World War II he became an expert on tank warfare, and in World War II commanded a corps in North Africa and then the US Seventh Army in Sicily. He temporarily lost his command in 1943 after a publicized incident in which he hit a soldier suffering from battle fatigue. This was doubly unfortunate since his warfare was always concerned with making sure that he protected all of his men as much as humanly possible and the incident conveyed an apparent callousness that was not present. In 1944, Patton returned to lead the US Third Army at D-Day and in the Battle of Normandy. He continued in a spectacular sweep through France, across the Rhine, and into Czechoslovakia. As military governor of Bavaria, he was criticized and relieved of his command in October 1945 for his leniency toward Nazis. He was critically injured in an automobile accident on 8 December 1945, and he died in a hospital in Heidelberg on 21 December at the age of 60.
Norway

**Norway** is a country located in the Scandinavia region of northern Europe, with its capital at Oslo. Norway was united under Harald Fairhair in 872, and Norway would become a major country in the region during the Viking Age. In 1035, Norway added the Faroe Islands to its empire, then Greenland in 1261, Iceland in 1262, and Shetland and Orkney until 1468. Norway was in union with Denmark for hundreds of years, starting 1397 and ending in 1814, when it would enter union with Sweden for 89 years. Norway would adopt a market economy and a welfare system, combining state capitalism and socialism, and Norway became the largest oil producer outside the Middle East. In 2016, Norway had a population of 5,214,900 people.
Harlem River

The **Harlem River** is an 8-mile tidal strait flowing between the Hudson River and East River and separating the island of Manhattan from The Bronx on the New York mainland. The Native Americans once used the river for fishing and oystering, but most of the land along the river was acquired by Dutch in the 17th century, and then by the English, who pushed out the Dutch during the Anglo-Dutch Wars. In 1693, the first crossing over the river was built, beginning a long history of bridge construction and physical alterations of the river. In 1895, the Harlem River Ship Canal was dug between Manhattan and Marble Hill, and the original course was filled in in 1914.