Constitution of Amin

The Constitution of Amin was drafted during February of 1964 and was ratified on 29th June 1964.

**(Link to the original Constitution pdf can be found here.)**

## History

The men who wrote the constitution clearly couldn't count. (Needs more information)

## Original Frame

(N.B: Due to errors in syntax and grammar in the original Constitution, while the wording below is quoted accurately, some of the numbers for the numbered lists may have shifted. If using this wiki to settle ingame disputes regarding the constitution, refer to the pdf for quoting specific sections.)

### Preamble

> Amin; considering itself to be a united, democratic nation; formally; through its elected officials; has seen to implement the following constitution as a declaration of its sovereign power; to decide its own laws and to govern itself within its own means; guided by the principles of government of the people, by the people and for the people; within one nation, under God.
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### Title I: On Sovereignty

#### First Article

> 1. Amin shall be an indivisible, secular, democratic and civil Republic;
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> 2. It shall ensure the equality of all citizens before the law, without distinction of origin, race or religion. It shall respect all beliefs;
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> 3. Statutes shall grant some form of local government;
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> 4. No Statute may discriminate directly based on whether someone is a man or is a woman;
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#### Second Article

> 1. The name of the Republic shall be the Republic of Amin;
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> 2. The language of the Republic shall be English;
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> 3. The flag of the Republic shall be a horizontal triband of white, green (double height) and white; charged with a white Ten-pointed Star;
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> 4. The seal of the Republic shall be a Mullet of ten points Argent inside a Roundel Vert fimbriated Gules bearing the words ‘Republic of Amin’ Gules;
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> 5. The national anthem shall be the Republican March;
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> 6. The maxim of the Republic shall be "Liberty, Unity, Progress";
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> 7. The principle of the Republic shall be: government of the people, by the people and for the people;
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> 8. Citizenship of Amini may be defined by jus soli or jus sanguinis; or by a combination of the two as determined by an Institutional Act;
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#### Third Article

> 1. National sovereignty shall vest in the people, who shall exercise it through their representatives and by means of referendum;
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> 2. No section of the people nor any individual may arrogate to itself, or to himself, the exercise thereof;
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> 3. Suffrage may be direct or indirect as provided for by the Constitution. It shall always be universal, equal and secret;
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> 4. All Amini citizens of either sex who have reached their majority and are in possession of their civil and political rights may vote as provided for by statute;
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#### Fourth Article

> 1. Political parties and groups shall contribute to the exercise of suffrage;
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> 2. They shall be formed and carry on their activities freely;
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> 3. They shall respect the principles of national sovereignty and democracy;
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> 4. They shall contribute to the implementation of the principle set out in the second paragraph of article 1 as provided for by statute;
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> 5. Statutes shall guarantee the expression of diverse opinions and the equitable participation of political parties and groups in the democratic life of the Nation;
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### Title II: The Presidency

#### Fifth Article

> 1. The President of the Republic shall ensure due respect for the Constitution;
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> 2. He shall ensure, by his arbitration, the proper functioning of the public authorities and the continuity of the State;
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> 3. He shall be the guarantor of national independence, territorial integrity and due respect for Treaties;
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#### Sixth Article

> 1. The President of the Republic shall be elected for a term of five years by direct universal suffrage;
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> 2. The President of the Republic must be a Citizen as defined by Article 2;
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> 3. No one may hold office for more than two consecutive terms;
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> 4. The manner of implementation of this article shall be determined by an Institutional Act;
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#### Seventh Article

> 1. The President of the Republic shall be elected via a process of Instant-Runoff Voting;
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> 2. The process of electing a President shall commence by the calling of said election by the Government;
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> 3. The election of the new President shall be held no fewer than twenty days and no more than thirty-five days before the expiry of the term of the President in office;
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> 4. Should the Presidency of the Republic fall vacant for any reason whatsoever, or should the Constitutional Council on a referral from the Government rule by an absolute majority of its members that the President of the Republic is incapacitated, the duties of the President of the Republic, with the exception of those specified in articles 9 and 10, shall be temporarily exercised by the President of the National List, or, if the latter is in turn incapacitated, by the Government;
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> 5. In the case of a vacancy, or where the incapacity of the President is declared to be permanent by the Constitutional Council, elections for the new President shall, except in the event of a finding by the Constitutional Council of force majeure, be held no fewer than twenty days and no more than thirty-five days after the beginning of the vacancy or the declaration of permanent incapacity;
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> 6. In the event of the death or incapacitation in the seven days preceding the deadline for registering candidacies of any of the persons who, fewer than thirty days prior to such deadline, have publicly announced their decision to stand for election, the Constitutional Council may decide to postpone the election;
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> 7. In the event of the death or incapacitation of a candidate standing for the election, the Constitutional Council may decide to postpone the election;
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> 8. In the event of the death or incapacitation of more than half the candidates standing for the election, the Constitutional Council shall declare that the electoral process must be repeated in full;
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> 9. All cases shall be referred to the Constitutional Council in the manner laid down in the second
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> paragraph of article 52 or in that laid down for the registration of candidates in the Institutional
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> Act provided for in article 6;
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> 10. The Constitutional Council may extend the time limits set in paragraphs three and five above, provided that polling takes place no later than thirty-five days after the decision of the Constitutional Council. If the implementation of the provisions of this paragraph results in the postponement of the election beyond the expiry of the term of the President in office, the latter shall remain in office until his successor is proclaimed;
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> 11. Neither articles 42, 43 and 44 nor article 75 of the Constitution shall be implemented during the vacancy of the Presidency of the Republic or during the period between the declaration of the permanent incapacity of the President of the Republic and the election of his successor;
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#### Eighth Article

> 1. The President of the Republic shall appoint the Prime Minister;
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> 2. He shall terminate the appointment of the Prime Minister when the latter tenders the resignation of the Government;
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> 3. The President of the Republic may, on the recommendation of the Court of Justice of the Republic, terminate the appointment of the Prime Minister if he is found guilty of a crime under the process established in Article 60 and 61;
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#### Ninth Article

> 1. The President of the Republic may, on a recommendation from the Government when Parliament is in session, and on a motion in Parliament, published in the Official Journal, submit to a referendum any Bill which deals with the organization of the public authorities, or with reforms relating to the economic or social policy of the Nation, and to the public services contributing thereto, or which provides for authorization to ratify a treaty which, although not contrary to the Constitution, would affect the functioning of the institutions;
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> 2. Where the referendum is held on the recommendation of the Government, the latter shall make a statement before Parliament and the same shall be followed by a debate;
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> 3. A referendum concerning a subject mentioned in the first paragraph may be held upon the initiative of one fifth of the Members of Parliament, supported by one tenth of the voters enrolled on the electoral register. This initiative shall take the form of a Private Member's Bill and shall not be applied to the repeal of a statutory provision promulgated for less than one year;
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> 4. The conditions by which it is introduced and those according to which the Constitutional Council monitors the respect of the provisions of the previous paragraph, are set down by an Institutional Act;
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> 5. If the Private Member's Bill has not been considered by Parliament within a period set by the Institutional Act, the President of the Republic shall submit it to a referendum;
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> 6. Where the decision of the Amini people in the referendum is not favourable to the Private Member's Bill, no new referendum proposal on the same subject may be submitted before the end of a period of two years following the date of the vote;
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> 7. Where the outcome of the referendum is favourable to the Government Bill or to the Private Member's Bill, the President of the Republic shall promulgate the resulting statute within fifteen days following the proclamation of the results of the vote;
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#### Tenth Article

> 1. The President of the Republic may, after consulting the Prime Minister and the Presidents of the Parliament, declare Parliament dissolved;
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> 2. A general election shall take place no fewer than twenty days and no more than forty days after the dissolution;
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> 3. No further dissolution shall take place within a year following said election;
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#### Eleventh Article

> 1. The President of the Republic shall sign the Ordinances and Decrees deliberated upon in the Council of Ministers;
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> 2. He shall make appointments to the civil and military posts of the State;
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#### Twelfth Article

> 1. The President of the Republic shall accredit ambassadors and envoys extraordinary to foreign powers;
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> 2. Foreign ambassadors and envoys extraordinary shall be accredited to him;
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#### Thirteenth Article

> 1. The President of the Republic shall be Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. He shall preside over the higher national defence councils and committees;
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#### Fourteenth Article

> 1. Where the institutions of the Republic, the independence of the Nation, the integrity of its territory or the fulfilment of its international commitments are under serious and immediate threat, and where the proper functioning of the constitutional public authorities is interrupted, the President of the Republic shall take measures required by these circumstances, after formally consulting the Prime Minister, the Presidents of Parliament and the Constitutional Council;
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> 2. He shall address the Nation and inform it of such measures;
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> 3. The measures shall be designed to provide the constitutional public authorities as swiftly as possible, with the means to carry out their duties. The Constitutional Council shall be consulted with regard to such measures;
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> 4. The Parliament shall act as of right shall not be dissolved during the exercise of such emergency powers;
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> 5. After thirty days of the exercise of such emergency powers, the matter may be referred to the Constitutional Council by the President of the Representative List, the President of the National List or sixty Members of Parliament, so as to decide if the conditions laid down in paragraph one still apply;
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> 6. The Council shall make its decision publicly as soon as possible. It shall, as of right, carry out such an examination and shall make its decision in the same manner after sixty days of the exercise of emergency powers or at any moment thereafter;
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#### Fifteenth Article

> 1. The President of the Republic is vested with the power to grant individual pardons;
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> 2. The President of the Republic is vested with the power to veto over any Bill which deals with the organization of the public authorities, or with reforms relating to the economic or social policy of the Nation, and to the public services contributing thereto, or which provides for authorization to ratify a treaty which, although not contrary to the Constitution, would affect the functioning of the institutions, in the instance that the bill is ratified by the Presidents of Parliament with less than a supermajority in Parliament.
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#### Sixteenth Article

This article seems to have been removed from the constitution.

#### Seventeenth Article

This article seems to have been removed from the constitution.

#### Eighteenth Article

> 1. The President of the Republic shall communicate with the Parliament by messages which he shall cause to be read aloud and which shall not give rise to any debate.
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> 2. He may take the floor before Parliament convened in Congress for this purpose. His statement may give rise, in his absence, to a debate without vote.
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### Title III: The Government

#### Ninteenth Article

* The Government shall determine and conduct the policy of the Nation;
* It shall have at its disposal the civil service and the armed forces;
* It shall be accountable to Parliament in accordance with the terms and procedures set out in articles 42, 43 and 44;

#### Twentieth Article

* The Prime Minister shall direct the actions of the Government;
* The Prime Minister must be a member of Parliament;He shall be responsible for national defence;
* He shall ensure the implementation of legislation;
* Subject to article 11, and Institutional Act shall determine the power the Prime Minister has to make regulations and shall make appointments to civil and military posts;
* He shall appoint members to the Council of Ministers;
* He shall be Chairman of the Council of Ministers and may delegate certain of his powers to Ministers;
* He shall deputize, if the case arises, for the President of the Republic as chairman of the councilsand committees referred to in article 13;

#### Twenty First Article

> 1. Membership of the Government shall be incompatible with the holding of any Parliamentary office, any position of professional representation at national level, any public employment or any professional activity;
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> 2. Members of the Council of Ministers are required to be Members of Parliament;
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> 3. An Institutional Act shall determine the powers and responsibilities of each Minister, and the Ministerial positions available;
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> 4. There shall be a Leader of Parliament in the Institutional Act, and they shall be responsible for tabling bills put forward by the Government;
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> 5. An Institutional Act shall determine the manner in which the holders of such offices, positions or employment shall be replaced;
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> 6. The replacement of Members of Parliament shall take place in accordance with the provisions of article 23;
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### Title IV: The Parliament

#### Twenty Second Article

> 1. Parliament shall pass statutes;
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> 2. It shall monitor the action of the Government;
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> 3. It shall assess public policies;
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> 4. It shall comprise the National List and the Representative List united in one Parliament;
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> 5. Half of the Parliament will be members of the National List;
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> 6. Members of the National List, whose number shall not exceed 250, shall be elected by direct suffrage via d’hondt party-list proportional representation;
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> 7. Half of the Parliament will be members of the Representative List;
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> 8. The Representative List, whose members shall not exceed 250, shall be elected via First Past the Post;
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> 9. The Representative List shall ensure the representation of the constituent communities of the Republic;
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> 10. Amini nationals living abroad shall be represented in the Parliament;
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#### Twenty Third Article

> 1. An Institutional Act shall determine the term for which Parliament is elected, the number of its members, their allowances, the conditions of eligibility and the terms of disqualification and of incompatibility with membership;
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> 2. A member of Parliament must be a Citizen as defined by Article 2;
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> 3. It shall likewise determine the manner of election of those persons called upon to replace Members of the National List or Members of the Representative List whose seats have become vacant, until the general or partial renewal by election of the List in which they sat, or have been temporarily replaced on account of having accepted a position in Government;
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> 4. An independent commission, whose composition and rules of organization and operation shall be set down by statute, shall publicly express an opinion on the Government and Private Members' Bills defining the constituencies for the election of Members of the Representative List, or modifying the distribution of the seats of Members of the National List or of the Representative List;
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#### Twenty Fourth Article

> 1. No Member of Parliament shall be prosecuted, investigated, arrested, detained or tried in respect of opinions expressed or votes cast in the performance of his official duties.
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> 2. No Member of Parliament shall be arrested for a serious crime or other major offence, nor shall he be subjected to any other custodial or semi-custodial measure, without the authorization of the Bureau of the Parliament. Such authorization shall not be required in the case of a serious crime or other major offence committed flagrante delicto or when a conviction has become final;
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> 3. The detention, subjecting to custodial or semi-custodial measures, or prosecution of a Member of Parliament shall be suspended for the duration of the session if the Parliament so requires. The Parliament shall meet as of right for additional sittings in order to permit the application of the foregoing paragraph should circumstances so require;
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#### Twenty Fifth Article

> 1. No Member shall be elected with any binding mandate;
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> 2. Members' right to vote shall be exercised in person;
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> 3. An Institutional Act may, in exceptional cases, authorize voting by proxy. In that event, no Member shall be given more than one proxy;
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#### Twenty Sixth Article

> 1. Except where Parliament sits as of right, extraordinary sessions shall be opened and closed by a Decree of the President of the Republic;
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#### Twenty Seventh Article

> 1. Members of the Government shall have access to Parliament. They shall address Parliament whenever they so request;
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#### Twenty Eighth Article

> 1. The Presidents of the National List and Representative List shall be elected for the life of the Parliament;
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> 2. The Presidents will be elected by the members of their respective lists;
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> 3. The President of the National List and the President of the Representative list will serve as Speaker and Deputy Speaker of Parliament;
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#### Twenty Ninth Article

> 1. The sittings of the Parliament shall be public. A verbatim report of the debates shall be
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> published in the Official Journal;
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### Title V: The Relationship of the Parliament to the Government and the Presidency

#### Thirtieth Article:

> 1. Statutes shall determine the rules concerning:
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> Civic rights and the fundamental guarantees granted to citizens for the exercise of their civil liberties; freedom, diversity and the independence of the media; the obligations imposed for the purposes of national defence upon the person and property of citizens;
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* > Nationality, the status and capacity of persons, matrimonial property systems, inheritance and gifts;
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* > The determination of serious crimes and other major offences and the penalties they carry; criminal procedure; amnesty; the setting up of new categories of courts and the status of members of the Judiciary;
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* > The base, rates and methods of collection of all types of taxes; the issuing of currency;
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> 2. Statutes shall also determine the rules governing:
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* > The system for electing members of the Parliament, local assemblies and the representative bodies for Amini nationals living abroad, as well as the conditions for holding elective offices and positions for the members of the deliberative assemblies of the territorial communities;
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* > The setting up of categories of public legal entities;
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* > The fundamental guarantees granted to civil servants and members of the Armed Forces;
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* > Nationalization of companies and the transfer of ownership of companies from the public to the private sector;
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> 3. Statutes shall also lay down the basic principles of:
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* > The general organization of national defence;
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* > The preservation of the environment;
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* > Systems of ownership, property rights and civil and commercial obligations;
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* > Employment law, Trade Union law and Social Security;
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> 4. Finance Acts shall determine the revenue and expenditure of the State in the conditions and with the reservations provided for by an Institutional Act;
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> 5. Social Security Financing Acts shall lay down the general conditions for the financial equilibrium thereof, and taking into account forecasted revenue, shall determine expenditure targets in the conditions and with the reservations provided for by an Institutional Act;
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> 6. Programming Acts shall determine the objectives of the action of the State;
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> 7. The multiannual guidelines for public finances shall be established by Programming Acts;
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> 8. They shall contribute to achieving the objective of balanced accounts for public administrations;
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> 9. The provisions of this article may be further specified and completed by an Institutional Act;
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#### Thirty First Article

> 1. The Parliament may adopt resolutions according to the conditions determined by the
> Institutional Act;
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> 2. Any draft resolution, whose adoption or rejection would be considered by the Government as an issue of confidence, or which contained an injunction to the Government, shall be inadmissible and may not be included on the agenda;
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#### Thirty Second Article

> 1. A declaration of war shall be authorized by Parliament through an initial vote requiring a majority;
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> 2. The Government shall inform Parliament of its decision to have the armed forces intervene abroad, at the latest three days after the beginning of said intervention;
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> 3. It shall detail the objectives of the said intervention;
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> 4. This information may give rise to a debate, which shall not be followed by a vote;
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> 5. Where the said intervention shall exceed four months, the Government shall submit the extension to Parliament for authorization. It may ask the National List to make the final decision.
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#### Thirty Third Article

> 1. A state of emergency shall be decreed in the Council of Ministers;
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> 2. The extension thereof after a period of twelve days may be authorized solely by Parliament;
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#### Thirty Fourth Article

> 1. Matters other than those coming under the scope of statute law shall be matters for Regulation;
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> 2. Provisions of statutory origin shall be amended by decree only if the Constitutional Council has found that they are matters for regulation as defined in the foregoing paragraph;
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#### Thirty Fifth Article

> 1. Statutes and regulations may contain provisions enacted on an experimental basis for limited purposes and duration.
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#### Thirty Sixth Article

> 1. In order to implement its programme, the Government may ask Parliament for authorization, for a limited period, to take measures by Ordinance that are normally the preserve of statute law;
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> 2. Ordinances shall be issued in the Council of Ministers;
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> 3. They shall come into force upon publication, but shall lapse in the event of failure to table before Parliament the Bill to ratify them by the date set by the Enabling Act;
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> 4. They may only be ratified in explicit terms;
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> 5. At the end of the period referred to in the first paragraph hereinabove Ordinances may be amended solely by an Act of Parliament in those areas governed by statute law;
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#### Thirty Seventh Article

> 1. Both the Prime Minister and Members of Parliament shall have the right to initiate legislation;
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> 2. Government Bills shall be discussed in the Council of Ministers and shall be tabled in Parliament;
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> 3. Finance Bills and Social Security Financing Bills shall be tabled first before the National List;
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> 4. The tabling of Government Bills before the National List or the Representative List, shall
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> 5. comply with the conditions determined by an Institutional Act;
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> 6. Government Bills may not be included on the agenda if the Conference of Presidents of the Parliament declares that the rules determined by the Institutional Act have not been complied with; In the case of disagreement between the Conference of Presidents and the Government, the Presidents of the Parliament or the Prime Minister may refer the matter to the Constitutional Council;
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> 7. Within the conditions provided for by statute, either President of Parliament may submit a Private Member's Bill tabled by a Member of the said List, before it is considered in committee, to the Constitutional Council for its opinion, unless the Member who tabled it disagrees;
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#### Thirty Eighth Article

> 1. Private Members' Bills and amendments introduced by Members of Parliament shall not be admissible where their enactment would result in either a diminution of public revenue or the creation or increase of any public expenditure;
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#### Thirty Ninth Article:

> 1. If, during the legislative process, it appears that a Private Member's Bill or amendment is not a matter for statute or is contrary to a delegation granted under article 36, the Government or the Presidents of Parliament may argue that it is inadmissible;
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> 2. In the event of disagreement between the Government and the Presidents of Parliament concerned, the Constitutional Council, at the request of one or the other, shall give a ruling;
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#### Fortieth Article

> 1. Parliament shall pass Finance Bills in the manner provided for by an Institutional Act;
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> 2. Should Parliament fail to reach a decision with haste, the provisions of the Bill may be broughtinto force by Ordinance;
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> 3. Should the Finance Bill setting out revenue and expenditure for a financial year not be tabled in time for promulgation before the beginning of that year, the Government shall as a matter of urgency ask Parliament for authorization to collect taxes and shall make available by decree the funds needed to meet commitments already voted for;
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> 4. The accounts of public administrations shall be lawful and faithful, they shall provide a true and fair view of the result of the management, assets and financial situation of the said public administrations;
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#### Forty First Article

> 1. During one week of sittings out of four, priority shall be given, in the order determined by Parliament, to the monitoring of Government action and to the assessment of public policies;
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> 2. One day of sitting per month shall be given over to an agenda determined by Parliament upon the initiative of the opposition groups in Parliament, as well as upon that of the minority groups;
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> 3. During at least one sitting per week priority shall be given to questions from Members of Parliament and to answers from the Government;
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#### Forty Second Article

> 1. The Prime Minister, after deliberation by the Council of Ministers, may make the Government's programme or a general policy statement, or a Government Bill an issue of a vote of confidence before the Parliament;
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> 2. At the start of every Parliamentary term in the House, the Government should put forward their Legislative Programme for the upcoming session, including it as a vote of confidence;
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> 3. The Parliament may call the Government to account by passing a resolution of no-confidence; such a resolution shall not be admissible unless it is signed by at least one tenth of the Members of Parliament;
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> 4. Voting may not take place within forty-eight hours after the resolution has been tabled;
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> 5. Solely votes cast in favour of the no-confidence resolution shall be counted and the latter shall not be passed unless it secures a majority of the Members of Parliament;
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> 6. Except as provided for in the following paragraph, no Member shall sign more than three resolutions of no-confidence during a single ordinary session;
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> 7. The Prime Minister may, after deliberation by the Council of Ministers, make the passing of a Finance Bill or Social Security Financing Bill an issue of a vote of confidence before Parliament; in that event, the Bill shall be considered passed unless a resolution of noconfidence, tabled within the subsequent twenty-four hours, is carried as provided for in the foregoing paragraph;
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> 8. In addition, the Prime Minister may use the said procedure for one other Government or Private Members' Bill per session;
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#### Forty Third Article

> 1. When the Parliament passes a resolution of no-confidence, or when it fails to endorse the Government programme or general policy statement, the Prime Minister shall tender the resignation of the Government to the President of the Republic.
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#### Forty Fourth Article:

> 1. The Government may, before Parliament, upon its own initiative or upon the request of a parliamentary group, make a declaration on a given subject, which leads to a debate and, if it so desires, gives rise to a vote, without making it an issue of confidence;
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#### Forty Fifth Article

> 1. The Rules of Procedure of Parliament shall determine the rights of the parliamentary groups set up within it;
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> 2. They shall recognize that opposition groups in Parliament concerned, as well as minority groups, have specific rights;
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#### Forty Sixth Article

> 1. In order to implement the monitoring and assessment missions laid down in the first paragraph of article 24, committees of inquiry may be set up within Parliament to gather information, according to the conditions provided for by statute;
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> 2. Statutes shall determine their rules of organization and operation;
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### Title VI: The Constitutional Council

#### Forty Seventh Article

> 1. The Constitutional Council shall comprise six members, each of whom shall hold office for a non-renewable term of nine years;
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> 2. One half of the membership of the Constitutional Council shall be renewed every six years;
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> 3. Two of its members shall be appointed by the President of the Republic, two by the President of the National List and two by the President of the Representative List;
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> 4. The President of the Constitutional Council shall be appointed by the President of the Republic;
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> 5. The President of the Constitutional Council shall have a casting vote in the event of a tie;
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#### Forty Eighth Article

> 1. The office of member of the Constitutional Council shall be incompatible with that of Minister or Member of Parliament;
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> 2. Other incompatibilities shall be determined by an Institutional Act;
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#### Forty Ninth Article

> 1. The Constitutional Council shall ensure the proper conduct of the election of the President of the Republic; 2. It shall examine complaints and shall proclaim the results of the vote;
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#### Fiftieth Article

> 1. The Constitutional Council shall rule on the proper conduct of the election of Members of the Representative List and Members of the National List in disputed cases;
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#### Fifty First Article

> 1. The Constitutional Council shall ensure the proper conduct of referendum proceedings as provided for in articles 9 and 75 and shall proclaim the results of the referendum;
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#### Fifty Second Article

> 1. Institutional Acts, before their promulgation, Private Members' Bills mentioned in article 9 before they are submitted to referendum, and the Rules of Procedure of Parliament shall, before coming into force, be referred to the Constitutional Council, which shall rule on their conformity with the Constitution;
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> 2. To the same end, Acts of Parliament may be referred to the Constitutional Council, before their promulgation, by the President of the Republic, the Prime Minister, the President of the National List, the President of the Representative List, or sixty Members of Parliament;
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#### Fifty Third Article

> 1. If during proceedings in progress before a court of law, it is claimed that a statutory provision infringes the rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution, the matter may be referred by the Judiciary to the Constitutional Council;
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#### Fifty Fourth Article

> 1. A provision declared unconstitutional on the basis of article 52 shall be neither promulgated nor implemented;
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> 2. A provision declared unconstitutional on the basis of article 53 shall be repealed as of the publication of the said decision of the Constitutional Council or as of a subsequent date determined by said decision; The Constitutional Council shall determine the conditions and the limits according to which the effects produced by the provision shall be liable to challenge;
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> 3. No appeal shall lie from the decisions of the Constitutional Council;
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> 4. They shall be binding on public authorities and on all administrative authorities and all courts;
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### Title VI: The Judiciary

#### Fifty Fifth Article

> 1. The President of the Republic shall be the guarantor of the independence of the Judicial Authority;
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>

> 2. He shall be assisted by the High Council of the Judiciary;
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>

> 3. An Institutional Act shall determine the status of members of the Judiciary;
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> 4. Judges shall be irremovable from office;
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#### Fifty Sixth Article

> 1. The High Council of the Judiciary shall consist of a section with jurisdiction over judges and a section with jurisdiction over public prosecutors;
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> 2. The section with jurisdiction over judges shall be presided over by the Chief President of the Court of Cassation;
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> 3. It shall comprise, in addition, five judges and one public prosecutor, one appointed by the Constitutional Council and one practicing lawyer, as well as six qualified, prominent citizens who are not Members of Parliament, of the Judiciary or of the administration;
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> 4. The President of the Republic, the President of the National List and the President of the Representative List shall each appoint two qualified, prominent citizens;
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> 5. The procedure provided for in the last paragraph of article 11 shall be applied to the appointments of the qualified, prominent citizens;
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> 6. The section with jurisdiction over public prosecutors shall be presided over by the Chief Public Prosecutor at the of Cassation. It shall comprise, in addition, five public prosecutors and one judge, as well as the Constitutional Councillor appointment and the practicing lawyer, together with the six qualified, prominent citizens referred to in the second paragraph;
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> 7. The section of the High Council of the Judiciary with jurisdiction over judges shall make recommendations for the appointment of judges to the Court of Cassation, the Chief Presidents of Courts of Appeal and the Presidents of the Grand Tribunal;
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> 8. Other judges shall be appointed after consultation with this section;
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> 9. The section of the High Council of the Judiciary with jurisdiction over public prosecutors shall give its opinion on the appointment of public prosecutors;
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> 10. The section of the High Council of the Judiciary with jurisdiction over judges shall act as disciplinary tribunal for judge;
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> 11. When acting in such capacity, in addition to the members mentioned in the second paragraph, it shall comprise the judge belonging to the section with jurisdiction over public prosecutors;
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> 12. The section of the High Council of the Judiciary with jurisdiction over public prosecutors shall give its opinion on disciplinary measures regarding public prosecutors; When acting in such capacity, it shall comprise, in addition to the members mentioned in paragraph three, the public prosecutor belonging to the section with jurisdiction over judges;
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> 13. The High Council of the Judiciary shall meet in plenary section to reply to the requests for opinions made by the President of the Republic in application of article 55;
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> 14. It shall also express its opinion in plenary section, on questions concerning the deontology of judges or on any question concerning the operation of justice which is referred to it by the Minister of Justice;
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> 15. The plenary section comprises three of the five judges mentioned in the second paragraph, three of the five prosecutors mentioned in the third paragraph as well as the Constitutional Councillor pick, the practicing lawyer and the six qualified, prominent citizens referred to in the second paragraph;
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> 16. It is presided over by the Chief President of the Court of Cassation who may be substituted by the Chief Public Prosecutor of this court;
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> 17. The Minister of Justice may participate in all the sittings of the sections of the High Council of the Judiciary except those concerning disciplinary matters;
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> 18. According to the conditions determined by an Institutional Act, a referral may be made to the High Council of the Judiciary by a person awaiting trial.;
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> 19. The Institutional Act shall determine the manner in which this article is to be Implemented;
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#### Fifty Seventh Article

> 1. No one shall be arbitrarily detained;
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> 2. The Judicial Authority, guardian of the freedom of the individual, shall ensure compliance with this principle in the conditions laid down by statute;
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>

### Title VII: On Impeachment

#### Fifty Eighth Article:

> 1. The President of the Republic shall incur no liability by reason of acts carried out in his official capacity, subject to the provisions of Articles 59 and 65 hereof;
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>

> 2. Throughout his term of office, the President shall not be required to testify before any Amini Court of law or Administrative authority and shall not be the object of any civil proceedings, nor of any preferring of charges, prosecution or investigatory measures;
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> 3. All limitation periods shall be suspended for the duration of said term of office;
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> 4. All actions and proceedings thus stayed may be reactivated or brought against the President one month after the end of his term of office;
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>

#### Fifty Ninth Article

> 1. The President of the Republic shall not be removed from office during the term thereof on any grounds other than a breach of his duties patently incompatible with his continuing in office. Such removal from office shall be proclaimed by Parliament sitting as the High Court;
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> 2. The High Court shall be presided over by the President of the National List. It shall give its ruling as to the removal from office of the President, by secret ballot its decision shall have immediate effect;
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> 3. Rulings given hereunder shall require a majority of two thirds of the members of Parliament involved in the High Court;
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> 4. No proxy voting shall be allowed;
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> 5. Only votes in favour of the removal from office or the convening of the High Court shall be Counted;
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> 6. An Institutional Act shall determine the conditions for the application hereof;
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#### Sixtieth Article

> 1. Members of the Government shall be criminally liable for acts performed in the holding of their office and classified as serious crimes or other major offences at the time they were committed;
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> 2. They shall be tried by the Court of Justice of the Republic;
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> 3. The Court of Justice of the Republic shall be bound by such definition of serious crimes and other major offences and such determination of penalties as are laid down by statute;
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>

#### Sixty First Article:

> 1. The Court of Justice of the Republic shall consist of fifteen members: twelve Members of Parliament, elected in equal number from among their ranks by the National List and the Representative List after each general or partial renewal by election of Parliament; and three judges of the Court of Cassation, one of whom shall preside over the Court of Justice of the Republic;
>
>

> 2. Any person claiming to be a victim of a serious crime or other major offence committed by a member of the Government in the holding of his office may lodge a complaint with a petitions committee;
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>

> 3. This committee shall order the case to be either closed or forwarded to the Chief Public Prosecutor at the Court of Cassation for referral to the Court of Justice of the Republic;
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>

> 4. An Institutional Act shall determine the manner in which this article is to be implemented;
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>

### Title VIII: On Treaties

#### Sixty Second Article

> The President of the Republic shall negotiate and ratify treaties; He shall be informed of any negotiations for the conclusion of an international agreement not subject to ratification;
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>

#### Sixty Third Article

> 1. Peace Treaties, Trade agreements, treaties or agreements relating to international organization, those committing the finances of the State, those modifying provisions which are the preserve of statute law, those relating to the status of persons, and those involving the ceding, exchanging or acquiring of territory, may be ratified or approved only by an Act of Parliament;
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> 2. They shall not take effect until such ratification or approval has been secured;
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> 3. No ceding, exchanging or acquiring of territory shall be valid without the consent of the population concerned;
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>

#### Sixty Fourth Article

> 1. The Republic may enter into agreements with Middle Eastern States which are bound by undertakings identical with its own in matters of asylum and the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, for the purpose of determining their respective jurisdiction as regards requests for asylum submitted to them;
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>

> 2. However, even if the request does not fall within their jurisdiction under the terms of such agreements, the authorities of the Republic shall remain empowered to grant asylum to any foreigner who is persecuted for his action in pursuit of freedom or who seeks the protection of Amin on other grounds;
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>

#### Sixty Fifth Article

> 1. The Republic may recognize the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court.
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>

#### Sixty Sixth Article

> 1. If the Constitutional Council, on a referral from the President of the Republic, from the Prime Minister, from the President of one or the other Lists, or from sixty members of Parliament, has held that an international undertaking contains a clause contrary to the Constitution, authorization to ratify or approve the international undertaking involved may be given only after amending the Constitution;
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>

#### Sixty Seventh Article

> 1. Treaties or agreements duly ratified or approved shall, upon publication, prevail over Acts of Parliament, subject, with respect to each agreement or treaty, to its application by the other party;
>
>

### Title X: Rights of Citizens

#### Sixty Eighth Article

> 1. The following rights shall not be infringed upon under any circumstances within the Republic which are not enshrined or specified by the Constitution;
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>

> 2. Changes to these rights can only be made via the process enshrined in Article 75;
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>

#### Sixty Ninth Article

> 1. There shall be freedom of expression;
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>

> 2. No citizen may be held liable in law for having imparted or received information, ideas or messages unless this can be justified in relation to the grounds for freedom of expression, which are the seeking of truth, the promotion of democracy and the individual’s freedom to form opinions;
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>

> 3. Such legal liability shall be prescribed by an Institutional Act;
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> 4. Everyone shall be free to speak their mind frankly on the administration of the State and on any other subject whatsoever; Clearly defined limitations to this right may only be imposed when particularly weighty considerations so justify in relation to the grounds for freedom of expression;
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>

> 5. Every Citizen has a right of access to documents of the State and municipalities and a right to follow the proceedings of the courts and democratically elected bodies;
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> 6. Limitations to this right may be prescribed by law to protect the privacy of the individual, to protect the rights of an individual to be free from false attacks on their reputation, or for other weighty reasons;
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>

#### Seventieth Article

> 1. There shall be the freedom to acquire, possess, and carry arms;
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>

> 2. No one may be held liable in law for having participated in such activity unless this can be justified in relation to the grounds for the freedom to arms, which are the promotion of democracy, the maintenance of the peace, and the defence of the Republic from enemies, both foreign and domestic; Such legal liability will be prescribed by Statute;
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> 3. The Government may impose strong regulations on fire arms, to keep national stability and peace intact;
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> 4. There shall be freedom to form well-regulated militias dedicated to the defence and communities and the constitution; The Government has the right to prevent formation or continued of militias which threaten national security, and those whose members do not all swear an oath to uphold the constitution, to be determined by an Institutional Act;
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> 5. The Government may regulate militias as necessary in the interests of national security;
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>

#### Seventy First Article

> 1. The Right to Property, both alone and in association of others, must be maintained;
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> 2. There will be no arbitrary seizure of property; the seizure of property for the public good shall be compensated at minimum at a fair market value as determined by an Institutional Act;
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> 3. Regulations on property ownership shall be determined by an Institutional Act;
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#### Seventy Second Article

> 1. All citizens of Amin have the right to life, unless they have taken or have conspired to take the life of other, or have committed a high crime against the state, such as treason or conspiracy for treason;
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>

#### Seventy Third Article

> 1. All citizens of Amin have the right to create and join political and apolitical organizations;
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> 2. No organization can, by statute, mandate membership; Constitution of the Republic of Amin Collective Council of the Transitional Republic 15
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> 3. No statute can punish membership to any organization, unless it has been judged in a court of law, by fair trial, that they conspired to murder/assault Amini civilians or overthrow the Republic;
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> 4. All Amini citizens have the right to peacefully assemble where they please for political or apolitical purposes, without restriction from statutes, except in the event of use of violence, or the committing of criminal action, by those assembled;
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>

#### Seventy Fourth Article

> 1. The right to a fair trial must not be infringed; the right to an attorney and legal defence, the right to not be subject to unreasonable searches or seizures, the right to not be subject to self incrimination and double jeopardy, the right to due process, and the right to not be subject to cruel and unusual punishments;
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>

> 2. All citizens of Amin are entitled to freedom of religion; The government shall not create any statutes that discriminate based on religion;
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>

### Title XI: On Amendments

#### Seventy Fifth Article

> 1. The President of the Republic, on the recommendation of the Prime Minister, and Members of Parliament alike shall have the right to initiate amendments to the Constitution;
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>

> 2. A Government or a Private Member's Bill to amend the Constitution must be considered passed by Parliament in 2/3rd terms. The amendment shall take effect after approval by referendum;
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>

> 3. No amendment procedure shall be commenced or continued where the integrity of national territory is placed in jeopardy;
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>

> 4. The democratic form of government shall not be the object of any amendment;
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>