My Little Pony

**My Little Pony** (**MLP**) is a toy line and media franchise mainly targeting girls, developed by American toy company Hasbro, although it has found an unintended audience of bronies. The first toys were developed by Bonnie Zacherle, Charles Muenchinger, and Steve D'Aguanno, and were produced in 1981. The ponies feature colorful bodies, manes and a unique symbol on one or both sides of their flanks. Such symbols are referred to in the two most recent incarnations as "cutie marks". My Little Pony has been revamped several times with new and more modern looks to continue its appeal to the market, with each new look called a "generation" by the show's collectors and fans.

Following the original My Pretty Pony toy that was introduced in 1981, My Little Pony was launched in 1982 and the line became popular during the 1980s. The original toy line ran from 1982 to 1992 in the United States and to 1995 globally, and two animated specials, an animated feature-length film and two animated television series produced during the period up until 1992. The first incarnation's popularity peaked in 1990, but the following year Hasbro decided to discontinue the toy line due to increased competition. One hundred fifty million ponies were sold in the 1980s.

The toy line was revived in 1997, but these toys proved unpopular and were discontinued in 1999. The brand saw a more popular revival in 2003 with toys that more closely resembled the original toy line, which sold approximately 100 million pony toys globally by 2010. Hasbro launched the fourth incarnation of the franchise in 2010, which started with the animated series *My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic*, which ended on October 12, 2019. The brand grossed over $650 million in retail sales in 2013, and over $1 billion annually in retail sales in 2014 and 2015. Hasbro is poised to launch a fifth generation of toys and associated media starting in 2021.

# History

### *My Pretty Pony* (1981)

*My Pretty Pony* is a pony figurine introduced by Hasbro in 1981 that was created by illustrator Bonnie Zacherle and sculptor Charles Muenchinger. *My Pretty Pony* is a ten-inch-tall hard plastic figurine that can wiggle its ears, swish its tail, and wink one eye. The original *My Pretty Pony* was followed by *My Pretty Pony and Beautiful Baby*, which came with an additional smaller "baby" pony figure. This was followed by pink and yellow versions of the original that have the now-hallmark symbol on the ponies' backsides, which preceded the *My Little Pony* figurines.

### 1982–1992 - Generation 1

After the relative lack of success of the *My Pretty Pony* toy line, Hasbro introduced six smaller and colorful versions of the toy in 1982, sold under the title *My Little Pony*. The toy line led to many more merchandise under the *My Little Pony* brand, which later became unofficially known as the "Generation One" or "G1" of My Little Pony among collectors. This incarnation ended in 1992 in the United States, but was marketed internationally until 1995. Animations from mid-1980s (*My Little Pony* animated special, *My Little Pony: Escape from Catrina*, *My Little Pony: The Movie* and *My Little Pony* segment within *My Little Pony 'n Friends* anthology series) and *My Little Pony Tales* from 1992 accompanied the line-up.

### 1997–1999 - Generation 2

The 1997 incarnation was marketed by Hasbro as "Friendship Garden" and designated "Generation 2" by collectors. They were manufactured in redesigned poses with jewel eyes and turning heads and are smaller, slimmer, and longer-legged than their 1982 counterparts. The line was not successful in the U.S. and was discontinued in 1999, although it continued overseas for several years. Since the second generation was more popular in Western Europe, Hasbro continued to produce and sell them in Western Europe after 1998. Most were Earth Ponies, but a few unicorns were made internationally. Although no Pegasus Ponies were made, some adults had clip-on wings. In the early 2000s, several unicorns with clip-on wings (called the Magic Unicorns) were made. Two baby ponies were introduced, and none of the baby ponies were sold in the United States.

In Europe, the main location was renamed Ponyland instead of Friendship Gardens, and were discontinued with the inception of the "G3" toyline in 2003. Many ponies released in the last years of the line are considered rare. A number of playsets were introduced, including a mansion and a castle. Some of the licensed merchandise released in Europe included beanbag plushes, magazines, clothing, perfume, wrapping paper and coloring books. A CD-ROM game for PC, *Friendship Gardens*, was also released, which involved taking care of a pony and playing games along the way.

Some "Generation Two" ponies were sold as detachable key chains, including Morning Glory, Sundance, Light Heart and Ivy. Each pony comes with a comb attached to her neck by a string. The back of the package says, "My Little Pony Logo and Pony Names are Trademarks of Hasbro Inc. Copyright 1998." They were produced under license by Fun-4-All Corporation and made in China.

### *My Little Pony: Friendship Gardens* (1998)

*My Little Pony: Friendship Gardens* is a virtual pet game developed by Artech Digital Entertainment.

### 2003–2009 - Generation 3

The third incarnation of *My Little Pony*, which is often unofficially referred to as "Generation Three" or "G3" by collectors, began in 2003. The revamped line of dolls was targeted to a younger audience than the previous lines. Before the generation's end in 2009, there were at least two minor revamps. A series of direct-to-video animated films (mostly produced by SD Entertainment) accompanied the line-up.

### 2010–2021 - Generation 4

The current incarnation of *My Little Pony*, unofficially known as the "Generation Four", was launched in 2010. It is set in a fictional location named Equestria, and the main characters include Twilight Sparkle, Spike, Rainbow Dash, Pinkie Pie, Applejack, Rarity and Fluttershy. Television series *My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic*, theatrical film *My Little Pony: The Movie*, as well as other related media accompany the current line-up. This era generated a fandom among grown-ups with the success of the television series.

*My Little Pony: Equestria Girls*, the anthropomorphic spin-off, was launched in 2013.

*My Little Pony: Pony Life*, a spin-off reboot series, launched in 2020 featuring a new, chibi animation style.

### 2021–present - Generation 5

Hasbro announced the start of the "Generation Five" toyline in 2021, with a 3D computer-animated film (produced by Entertainment One and animated by Boulder Media) and follow-up television series. Unlike previous generation changes which have generally featured a completely new set of characters, Generation Five will build upon the world and stories established in Generation Four from *Friendship Is Magic*, but will include a time jump as to introduce new characters and themes. According to Hasbro's Emily Thompson, vice president of global brand management for Entertainment One, the new line is aimed at Generation Alpha, which "has a higher emotional intelligence, and they expect a lot more from their entertainment"; to that end, the themes of the show will be aimed around diversity and inclusion but will still include nods and Easter eggs to the prior generation.

The film will take place some time after the end of *Friendship Is Magic*, where "friendship and harmony have been replaced by paranoia and mistrust" and the various pony species have segregated into their own tribes. The main characters of Generation Five includes Sunny Starcourt (a female earth pony), Izzy Moonbow (a female unicorn), and Hitch Trailblazer (a male earth pony).

The film was originally slated for theatrical release on September 23, 2021 by Paramount Pictures, but the release was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was sold to Netflix, with the film's release being pushed up a further date. Netflix also greenlight the animated series to release it on their streaming service.

# Adult fans

### Collectors

*My Little Pony* toys drew the attention of collectors from their initial release. Media coverage in the 2000s reported on collectors' conventions, finding it odd that adult women are interested in *My Little Pony*. The 2004 *My Little Pony Collectors' Convention* reportedly had only one man among the attendees. When updating the toy line, Hasbro reassured collectors that it will produce *My Little Pony* editions for collectors.

### Friendship Is Magic fandom

Despite Hasbro's target demographic of young girls and their parents, the fourth incarnation of the franchise became a cultural and Internet phenomenon as the *My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic* television series generated an unexpected fandom, with many male fans between 13 and 35 creating a large fanbase and a multitude of creative works, fan sites, and conventions. The fanbase has adopted the name "brony", a blend of "bro" and "pony", to describe themselves. The older fanbase had come as a surprise to Hasbro and staff members involved with the show. They have appreciated and embraced the fandom, adding nods to the fans within the show and the toys. Sherilyn Connelly and others have noted that bronies alienate other fans of the franchise by focusing on the fandom itself rather than the show.

# Social impact

### Consumerism

*My Little Pony* is often derided for promoting consumerism. When the media adaptations of the franchise debuted, there was much controversy in the United States about television advertising targeted at children. Relaxed regulation in the 1980s on cross-referencing between programming and commercials led to toy-based shows, such as Mattel's *He-Man and the Masters of the Universe*, Hasbro's *Transformers*, *G. I. Joe*, and later *My Little Pony 'n' Friends*. While *He-Man* initially drew the most controversy, *My Little Pony* remained controversial for many decades later, even when it was not being produced; the criticism is much more harsh and enduring than similar franchises with toy lines. Sherilyn Connelly cites examples from authors and journalists who single out *My Little Pony* for being tied to toys and merchandise, often putting it "first against the wall" while sparing such criticism from the aforementioned Hasbro franchises, or franchises such as *Star Wars*, *Toy Story*, and *Lego*. Connelly notes that professionals who work with children, for example psychologists and librarians, often have a positive view on the franchise; psychologist John Rosemond described *My Little Pony* toys as "great, soothing, quiet-time toys", having none of the violence or sexuality of other toy franchises. The first animated series is often given as the worst example of a Saturday-morning cartoon, despite never airing on Saturday mornings. Even though no *My Little Pony* adaptation was airing on television for much of the 1990s and no toys were being produced, it was still often brought up as a contemporary example of aggressive marketing through television.

### Femininity

Connelly contends that *My Little Pony* is singled out not because the franchise's business methods or content standards are particularly different from other franchises', but because it is overtly girly. Replying to criticism that *My Little Pony* is "junk" while *Star Wars* stems from "integrity and creative vision", cartoonist Craig McCracken noted that both franchises can have integrity or be junk, depending on how they're produced. Character designer Chris Battle pointed out that the media adaptation of *My Little Pony* is seen as less valid because it is aimed at girls. Director Lauren Faust, who was creative developer of the relaunch of the *My Little Pony* franchise in 2010, wrote that she expected people who haven't even watched the animated series "to instantly label it girly, stupid, cheap, for babies or an evil corporate commercial." Faust feels that the show's femininity makes it a target of derision, regardless of its other qualities. Ellen Seiter, professor of media studies, observed that girl's television shows are a ghettoization of girl culture, and the attacks on these shows is often aimed at their femininity. *My Little Pony* has been perceived as an icon of femininity and "girlie-girls", particularly in the United Kingdom. The franchise has alternately been described as asexual and *too* sexual by the UK media.