recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Central Province

The **Central Province** (Sinhala: මධ්‍යම පළාත *Madhyama Paḷāta*, Tamil: மத்திய மாகாணம் *Madhdhiya Mākāṇam*) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka, the first level administrative division of the country. (The provinces have existed since the 19th century but did not have any legal status until 1987 when the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka established provincial councils.) The Central Province is primarily in the central mountainous terrain of Sri Lanka. It is the 6th largest province by area and is home to 2.5 million people. It is bordered by North Central Province to the north, Uva Province to the east, North Western Province to the west and Sabaragamuwa Province to the south and west. The province's capital is Kandy.
Ayeyarwady Region

**Ayeyarwady Region** (Burmese: ဧရာဝတီတိုင်းဒေသကြီး [ʔèjàwədì táiɰ̃ dèθa̰ dʑí], S'gaw Karen: ထံထၣ်စွ့, Western Pwo: *ထံၫထၪကျိၩ့*; formerly **Ayeyarwady Division** and **Irrawaddy Division**), is a region of Myanmar, occupying the delta region of the Ayeyarwady River (Irrawaddy River). It is bordered by Bago Region to the north, Bago Region and Yangon Region to the east and the Bay of Bengal to the south and west. It is contiguous with the Rakhine State in the northwest.

The region lies between approximately latitude 15° 40' and 18° 30' north and between longitude 94° 15' and 96° 15' east. It has an area of 35,140 square kilometres (13,566 sq mi). The estimated 2022 population is more than 6.5 million. According to the 2014 Burmese National Census the population of the Ayeyarwady Region was 6,184,829, making it the second most populous of Burma's states and regions after Yangon Region.
Artigas Department

**Artigas Department** (Spanish: *Departamento de Artigas*, Spanish pronunciation: [aɾˈtiɣas]) is the northernmost department of Uruguay, located in its northwestern region. Its capital is the city of Artigas, which borders on the Brazilian city of Quaraí. Artigas Department has an area of 11,928 square kilometres (4,605 sq mi), making it the fifth largest in the country. The population is 73,378 inhabitants, according to the 2011 census.

It is bordered on the north and east by Brazil, from which it is separated by the Cuareim River. To the south, Artigas Department borders on Salto Department, and to the west is Argentina, from which it is separated by the Uruguay River. Artigas is the only Uruguayan department that borders two other countries.

The department and its capital city are named after José Gervasio Artigas (1764–1850), leader of the *Orientales* (inhabitants of the *Banda Oriental*, the Eastern bank of the Uruguay River) during Uruguay's wars of independence.
Boquerón department

**Filadelfia** (Spanish pronunciation: [fi.laˈðel.fja]) is the capital of Boquerón Department in the Gran Chaco of western Paraguay. It is the centre of the Fernheim Colony. It is about a 5-hour drive from the capital of Asunción. With a population of about 20,000, it is the largest town for 400 kilometres (250 mi).
Dagestan

## Republic of Dagestan

**Dagestan** (/ˌdæɡɪˈstæn, -ˈstɑːn/ *DAG-i-STA(H)N*; Russian: Дагеста́н; IPA: [dəɡʲɪˈstan]), officially the **Republic of Dagestan**, is a republic of Russia situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe, along the Caspian Sea. It is located north of the Greater Caucasus, and is a part of the North Caucasian Federal District. The republic is the southernmost tip of Russia, sharing land borders with the countries of Azerbaijan and Georgia to the south and southwest, the Russian republics of Chechnya and Kalmykia to the west and north, and with Stavropol Krai to the northwest. Makhachkala is the republic's capital and largest city; other major cities are Derbent, Kizlyar, Izberbash, Kaspiysk, and Buynaksk.

Dagestan covers an area of 50,300 square kilometres (19,400 square miles), with a population of over 3.1 million, consisting of over 30 ethnic groups and 81 nationalities. With 14 official languages, and 12 ethnic groups each constituting more than 1% of its total population, the republic is one of Russia's most linguistically and ethnically diverse, and one of the most heterogeneous administrative divisions in the world. Most of the residents speak one of the Northeast Caucasian, or Turkic, languages; however, Russian is the primary language and the lingua franca in the republic.
Asturias

## Principality of Asturias

**Asturias** (/æˈstʊəriəs, ə-/, Spanish: [asˈtuɾjas]; Asturian: *Asturies* [asˈtuɾjes; -ɾjɪs]), officially the **Principality of Asturias** (Spanish: *Principado de Asturias*; Asturian: *Principáu d'Asturies*; Galician-Asturian: *Principao d'Asturias*), is an autonomous community in northwest Spain.

It is coextensive with the province of Asturias and contains some of the territory that was part of the larger Kingdom of Asturias in the Middle Ages. Divided into eight *comarcas* (counties), the autonomous community of Asturias is bordered by Cantabria to the east, by León (Castile and León) to the south, by Lugo (Galicia) to the west, and by the Cantabrian sea to the north.
Cerro Largo Department

**Cerro Largo Department** (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsero ˈlaɾɣo]) is a department of Uruguay. Its capital is Melo. It is located in the east of the country, bordering Brazil to its northeast with Yaguaron River as the natural border, Treinta y Tres Department to its south, Durazno Department to its west and the departments of Tacuarembó and Rivera to its northwest with Negro River as its natural border with them.
Barbados

## Flag

**Barbados** is an island country in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies, in the Caribbean region of the Americas, and the most easterly of the Caribbean Islands. It occupies an area of 432 km2 (167 sq mi) and has a population of about 287,000 (2019 estimate). Its capital and largest city is Bridgetown.
Democratic Republic of the Congo

## Flag

The **Democratic Republic of the Congo**, informally **Congo-Kinshasa**, **DR Congo**, **the DRC**, **the DROC**, or **the Congo**, and formerly and also colloquially **Zaire**, is a country in Central Africa. It is bordered to the northwest by the Republic of the Congo, to the north by the Central African Republic, to the northeast by South Sudan, to the east by Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi, and by Tanzania (across Lake Tanganyika), to the south and southeast by Zambia, to the southwest by Angola, and to the west by the South Atlantic Ocean and the Cabinda exclave of Angola. By area, it is the second-largest country in Africa and the 11th-largest in the world. With a population of around 108 million, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the most populous officially Francophone country in the world. The national capital and largest city is Kinshasa, which is also the nation's economic center.

## History

### Early History

* Bantu migration & cultures
* Upemba culture
* Kingdom of Kongo
* Kingdom of Luba
* Kingdom of Lunda
* Yeke Kingdom
* Kuba Kingdom
* Anziku Kingdom

### Colonial Period

* Congo Free State
* Belgian Congo

### Independence Period

* Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville) (1st Congolese Republic) (1960-1964)
* 1st Democratic Republic of Congo (1964-1971)
* Zaire (1971-1997)
* 2nd Democratic Republic of Congo (1997-present)

## Provinces

* Kinshasa
* Kongo Central
* Kwango
* Kwilu Province
* Mai-Ndombe Province
* Kasaï Province
* Kasaï-Central
* Kasaï-Oriental
* Lomami Province
* Sankuru
* Maniema
* South Kivu
* North Kivu
* Ituri Province
* Haut-Uélé
* Tshopo
* Bas-Uélé
* Nord-Ubangi
* Mongala
* Sud-Ubangi
* Province of Équateur
* Tshuapa
* Tanganyika Province
* Haut-Lomami
* Lualaba Province
* Haut-Katanga Province
Akwa Ibom State

## Flag

**Akwa Ibom State** is a state in the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria, bordered on the east by Cross River State, on the west by Rivers State and Abia State, and on the south by the Atlantic Ocean. The state takes its name from the Qua Iboe River which bisects the state before flowing into the Bight of Bonny. Akwa Ibom was split from Cross River State in 1987 with its capital Uyo and with 31 local government areas.
Department of Loreto

**Loreto** (Spanish pronunciation: [loˈɾeto]) is Peru's northernmost department and region. Covering almost one-third of Peru's territory, Loreto is by far the nation's largest department, slightly larger than Japan; it is also one of the most sparsely populated regions due to its remote location in the Amazon Rainforest. Its capital is Iquitos.
Amhara Region

The **Amhara Region** (Amharic: አማራ ክልል, romanized: *Åmara Kilil*), officially the **Amhara National Regional State** (Amharic: የአማራ ብሔራዊ ክልላዊ መንግሥት), is a regional state in northern Ethiopia and the homeland of the Amhara people. Its capital is Bahir Dar which is the seat of the Regional Government of Amhara. Amhara is the site of the largest inland body of water in Ethiopia, Lake Tana (which is the source of the Blue Nile), and Semien Mountains National Park (which includes Ras Dashan, the highest point in Ethiopia). Amhara is bordered by Sudan to the west and northwest and by other the regions of Ethiopia: Tigray to the north, Afar to the east, Benishangul-Gumuz to the west and southwest, and Oromia to the south.
East Flanders

**East Flanders** (Dutch: *Oost-Vlaanderen* [ˌoːst ˈflaːndərə(n)] (listen), French: *(Province de) Flandre-Orientale* [flɑ̃dʁ ɔʁjɑ̃tal], German: *Ostflandern* [ˈɔstˌflandɐn]) is a province of Belgium. It borders (clockwise from the North) the Dutch province of Zeeland and the Flemish province of Antwerp, Flemish Brabant, Hainaut and West Flanders. It has an area of 3,007 km2 (1,161 sq mi), divided into six administrative districts containing 60 municipalities, and a population of 1,515,064 as of January 2019. The capital is Ghent, home to the Ghent University and the Port of Ghent.
El Salvador

## Flag

**El Salvador**, officially the **Republic of El Salvador**, is a country in Central America. It is bordered on the northeast by Honduras, on the northwest by Guatemala, and on the south by the Pacific Ocean. El Salvador's capital and largest city is San Salvador. The country's population in 2022 is estimated to be 6.5 million.
Ang Thong province

**Ang Thong** (Thai: อ่างทอง, pronounced [ʔàːŋ tʰɔ̄ːŋ]) or Angthong is one of the central provinces (*changwat*) of Thailand. The name "Ang Thong" means 'gold basin', thought to have derived from the basin-like geography of the area, and the golden color of the rice grown in the region.

Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Sing Buri, Lopburi, Ayutthaya, and Suphan Buri.
Czech Republic

## Flag

The **Czech Republic**, also known as **Czechia**, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as **Bohemia**, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The Czech Republic has a hilly landscape that covers an area of 78,871 square kilometers (30,452 sq mi) with a mostly temperate continental and oceanic climate. The capital and largest city is Prague; other major cities and urban areas include Brno, Ostrava, Plzeň and Liberec.
Department of La Libertad

**La Libertad** (Spanish pronunciation: [la liβeɾˈtað]; in English: ***The Liberty***) is a region in northwestern Peru. Formerly it was known as the Department of La Libertad (*Departamento de La Libertad*). It is bordered by the Lambayeque, Cajamarca and Amazonas regions on the north, the San Martín Region on the east, the Ancash and Huánuco regions on the south and the Pacific Ocean on the west. Its capital is Trujillo, which is the nation's third biggest city. The region's main port is Salaverry, one of Peru's largest ports. The name of the region is Spanish for "freedom" or "liberty"; it was named in honor of the Intendencia of Trujillo's proclaiming independence from Spain in 1820 and fighting for that. It is the ninth smallest department in Peru, but it is also its second-most populous department after Piura and its second-most densely populated department after Lambayeque.
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes

**Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes** (**ARA**; French: [ovɛʁɲ ʁon alp] (listen); Arpitan: *Ôvèrgne-Rôno-Ârpes*; Occitan: *Auvèrnhe Ròse Aups*; Italian: *Alvernia-Rodano-Alpi*) is a region in southeast-central France created by the 2014 territorial reform of French regions; it resulted from the merger of Auvergne and Rhône-Alpes. The new region came into effect on 1 January 2016, after the regional elections in December 2015.

The region covers an area of 69,711 km2 (26,916 sq mi), making it the third largest in metropolitan France; it had a population of 7,994,459 in 2018, second to Île-de-France. It consists of twelve departments and one territorial collectivity (Lyon Metropolis) with Lyon as the prefecture.
Andorra

## Flag

**Andorra**, officially the **Principality of Andorra**, is a sovereign landlocked microstate on the Iberian Peninsula, in the eastern Pyrenees, bordered by France to the north and Spain to the south. Believed to have been created by Charlemagne, Andorra was ruled by the count of Urgell until 988, when it was transferred to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell. The present principality was formed by a charter in 1278. It is headed by two co-princes: the bishop of Urgell in Catalonia, Spain and the president of France. Its capital and largest city is Andorra la Vella.

Andorra is the sixth-smallest state in Europe, with an area of 468 square kilometres (181 sq mi) and a population of approximately 79,034. The Andorran people are a Romance ethnic group of originally Catalan descent. Andorra is the world's 16th-smallest country by land and 11th-smallest by population. Its capital, Andorra la Vella, is the highest capital city in Europe, at an elevation of 1,023 metres (3,356 feet) above sea level. The official language is Catalan, but Spanish, Portuguese, and French are also commonly spoken.

Tourism in Andorra brings an estimated 10.2 million visitors to the country annually. Andorra is not a member state of the European Union. It has been a member of the United Nations since 1993.
Copán Department

**Copán** is one of the departments in the western part of Honduras. The departmental capital is the town of Santa Rosa de Copán. The department is well known for its tobacco and fine cigars.

The department is famous for its Pre-Columbian archaeological site at Copán, one of the greatest cities of the Maya civilization.

The department of Copán covers a total surface area of 3,242 km2 and, in 2015, had an estimated population of about 382,722 people.
About (disambiguation)

Disambiguation page for About (disambiguation)The following is a list of links to pages that might share the same title.Please follow one of the disambiguation links below or search to find the page you were looking for if it is not listed. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
Angola

## Flag

**Angola**, officially the **Republic of Angola,** is a country located on the west coast of central-southern Africa. It is the second-largest Lusophone (Portuguese-speaking) country in both total area and population (behind Brazil in both cases), and is the seventh-largest country in Africa. It is bordered by Namibia to the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Zambia to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Angola has an exclave province, the province of Cabinda, that borders the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The capital and most populous city is Luanda.

## Historical States

### Early History

* San peoples
* Bantu cultures
* Kingdom of Kongo
* Kingdom of Ndongo
* Kingdom of Lunda
* Mbunda Kingdom

### European Period

* Dutch Loango-Angola
* Portuguese Angola
* Colony of Benguela
* Portuguese Congo (Cabinda)

### Independence Period

* Republic of Cabinda
* People's Republic of Angola
* Republic of Angola

## Movements

### Central-Eastern Angola

* Lunda-Tchokwé (República Democrática da Lunda-Tchokwé)

## Provinces

* Bengo Province
* Benguela Province
* Bié Province
* Cabinda Province
* Cuando Cubango Province
* Cuanza Norte Province
* Cuanza Sul Province
* Cunene Province
* Huambo Province
* Huíla Province
* Luanda Province
* Lunda Norte Province
* Lunda Sul Province
* Malanje Province
* Moxico Province
* Namibe Province
* Uíge Province
* Zaire Province
Cundinamarca Department

**Department of Cundinamarca** (Departamento de Cundinamarca, Spanish pronunciation: [kundinaˈmaɾka]) is one of the departments of Colombia. Its area covers 22,623 square kilometres (8,735 sq mi) (not including the Capital District) and it has a population of 2,919,060 as of 2018. It was created on August 5, 1886, under the constitutional terms presented on the same year. Cundinamarca is located in the center of Colombia.

Cundinamarca's capital city is Bogotá, the capital of Colombia. This is a special case among Colombian departments, since Bogotá is not legally a part of Cundinamarca, yet it is the only department that has its capital designated by the Constitution (if the capital were to be ever moved, it would take a constitutional reform to do so, instead of a simple ordinance passed by the Cundinamarca Assembly). In censuses, the populations for Bogotá and Cundinamarca are tabulated separately; otherwise, Cundinamarca's population would total over 10 million.
Cantabria

**Cantabria** (/kænˈteɪbriə/, also UK: /-ˈtæb-/, Spanish: [kanˈtaβɾja], Cantabrian: Asturian: [kanˈtaβɾja]) is an autonomous community in northern Spain with Santander as its capital city. It is called a *comunidad histórica*, a historic community, in its current Statute of Autonomy. It is bordered on the east by the Basque autonomous community (province of Biscay), on the south by Castile and León (provinces of León, Palencia and Burgos), on the west by the Principality of Asturias, and on the north by the Cantabrian Sea (Bay of Biscay).

Cantabria belongs to *Green Spain*, the name given to the strip of land between the Bay of Biscay and the Cantabrian Mountains, so called because of its particularly lush vegetation, due to the wet and temperate oceanic climate. The climate is strongly influenced by Atlantic Ocean winds trapped by the mountains; the average annual precipitation is about 1,200 mm (47 inches).
Central Bohemian Region

The **Central Bohemian Region** (Czech: *Středočeský kraj*, German: *Mittelböhmische Region*) is an administrative unit (Czech: *kraj*) of the Czech Republic, located in the central part of its historical region of Bohemia. Its administrative centre is in the Czech capital Prague, which lies in the centre of the region. However, the city is not part of it but is a region of its own.

The Central Bohemian Region is in the centre of Bohemia. In terms of area, it is the largest region in the Czech Republic, with 11,014 km2, almost 14% of the total area of the country. It surrounds the country's capital, Prague, and borders Liberec Region (in the north), Hradec Králové Region (northeast), Pardubice Region (east), Vysočina Region (southeast), South Bohemian Region (south), Plzeň Region (west) and Ústí nad Labem Region (northwest).
Bratislava Region

The **Bratislava Region** (Slovak: *Bratislavský kraj*, pronounced [ˈbracislawskiː ˈkraj]; German: *Pressburger/Bratislavaer Landschaftsverband* (until 1919); Hungarian: *Pozsonyi kerület*) is one of the administrative regions of Slovakia. Its capital is Bratislava. The region was first established in 1923 and its present borders exist from 1996. It is the smallest of the eight regions of Slovakia as well as the most urbanized, most developed and most productive by GDP per capita.
Berlin

**Berlin** (/bɜːrˈlɪn/ *bur-LIN*, German: [bɛɐ̯ˈliːn] (listen)) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constituent states, Berlin is surrounded by the State of Brandenburg and contiguous with Potsdam, Brandenburg's capital. Berlin's urban area, which has a population of around 4.5 million, is the second most populous urban area in Germany after the Ruhr. The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region has around 6.2 million inhabitants and is Germany's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions.
Ekiti State

**Ekiti State** (Yoruba: *Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkìtì*) is a state in southwestern Nigeria, bordered to the north by Kwara State, to the northeast by Kogi State, to the south and southeast by Ondo State, and to the west by Osun State. Named for the Ekiti people—the Yoruba subgroup that make up the majority of the state's population—Ekiti State was formed from a part of Ondo State in 1996 and has its capital as the city of Ado-Ekiti.
Belgium

## Flag

**Belgium**, officially the **Kingdom of Belgium**, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to the southwest, and the North Sea to the northwest. It covers an area of 30,528 km2 (11,787 sq mi) and has a population of more than 11.5 million, making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe, with a density of 376 per square kilometre (970/sq mi). The capital and largest city is Brussels; other major cities are Antwerp, Ghent, Charleroi, Liège, Bruges, Namur, and Leuven.

Belgium is a sovereign state and a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system. Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds. It is divided into three highly autonomous regions: the predominately Dutch-speaking Flemish Region (Flanders) in the north, the predominately French-speaking Walloon Region (Wallonia) in the south, and the Brussels-Capital Region. Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region, as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita.

## History

### Prehistory

* Bell Beaker culture
* Hallstatt culture
* La Tène culture

### Antiquity

* Belgic tribes
* Roman Empire
* Gallia Belgica
* Germania Inferior
* Western Roman Empire

### Middle Ages

* Francia
* Merovingian dynasty
* Carolingian dynasty
* West Francia
* Middle Francia
* Kingdom of France
* Lotharingia
* Lower Lotharingia
* Holy Roman Empire
* Burgundian Netherlands
* Habsburg Netherlands

### Early Modern Period

* Seventeen Provinces
* Spanish Netherlands
* Austrian Netherlands
* United Belgian States
* French First Republic
* First French Empire
* Provisional Government of Belgium (1814–1815)
* United Kingdom of the Netherlands
* Provisional Government of Belgium
* Kingdom of Belgium

### Modern Period

* Belgian colonial empire
* General Government of Belgium
* Kingdom of Belgium
* Military Administration in Belgium and Northern France
* Reichskommissariat of Belgium and Northern France
* Kingdom of Belgium

## Subdivisions

### Flemish Region (Flanders)

* Antwerp Province
* East Flanders
* Flemish Brabant
* Limburg
* West Flanders

### Walloon Region (Wallonia)

* Hainaut Province
* Liège Province
* Luxembourg
* Namur Province
* Walloon Brabant
Chubut Province

**Chubut** (Spanish: *Provincia del Chubut*, IPA: [tʃuˈβut]; Welsh: *Talaith Chubut*) is a province in southern Argentina, situated between the 42nd parallel south (the border with Río Negro Province), the 46th parallel south (bordering Santa Cruz Province), the Andes range to the west, and the Atlantic ocean to the east. The province's name derives from the Tehuelche word *chupat*, meaning "transparent," their description of the Chubut River.

The largest city is Comodoro Rivadavia in the south of the province; it has 180,000 inhabitants. The administrative capital is Rawson (40,000). Other important cities are Puerto Madryn, Trelew, Esquel and Sarmiento. Gaiman is a cultural and demographic centre of the region known as *"Y Wladfa"* in which Welsh-Argentines are concentrated. Of the 25,000 Welsh speakers in Argentina, 5,000 live in the Chubut region, particularly in the early Welsh settlements of Gaiman, Trelew and Trevelin.
Department of Tumbes

**Tumbes** (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈtumbes]) is a coastal department and region in northwestern Peru bordering Ecuador. Due to the region's location near the Equator it has a warm climate, with beaches that are considered among the finest in Peru.[*citation needed*] Despite its small area, the region contains a wide variety of ecosystems. It is the smallest department in Peru and its third least populous department after Moquegua and Madre de Dios, but it is also its third most densely populated department, after La Libertad and Lambayeque.

The name "Tumbes" originates from either *Tumpis*, a group of native peoples from the area, the word *tumbos*, a species of Passiflora that used to abound in the area, or the name of the Tumba cacique, whose son founded and populated the area.
Azores

## Autonomous Region of the Azores

The **Azores** (/əˈzɔːrz/ *ə-ZORZ*, US also /ˈeɪzɔːrz/ *AY-zorz*; Portuguese: *Açores* Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐˈsoɾɨʃ]), officially the **Autonomous Region of the Azores** (*Região Autónoma dos Açores*), is one of the two autonomous regions of Portugal (along with Madeira). It is an archipelago composed of nine volcanic islands in the Macaronesia region of the North Atlantic Ocean, about 1,400 km (870 mi) west of Lisbon, about 1,500 km (930 mi) northwest of Morocco, and about 1,930 km (1,200 mi) southeast of Newfoundland, Canada.

Its main industries are agriculture, dairy farming, livestock, fishing, and tourism, which has become a major service activity in the region. The government of the Azores employs a large percentage of the population directly or indirectly in the service and tertiary sectors. The largest city of the Azores is Ponta Delgada. The culture, dialect, cuisine, and traditions of the Azorean islands vary considerably, because these remote islands were settled sporadically over a span of two centuries.
Escuintla Department

**Escuintla** (Spanish pronunciation: [esˈkwintla]) is one of the 22 departments of Guatemala. The capital of the department is the city of Escuintla. Escuintla covers an area of 4,384 km² and is situated in the coastal lowland region, directly south of Guatemala City, and bordered by the Pacific Ocean. Escuintla produces about 43 percent of gross domestic product of Guatemala.
Beni Department

**Beni** (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈbeni]), sometimes **El Beni**, is a northeastern department of Bolivia, in the lowlands region of the country. It is the second-largest department in the country (after Santa Cruz), covering 213,564 square kilometers (82,458 sq mi), and it was created by supreme decree on November 18, 1842, during the administration of General José Ballivián. Its capital is Trinidad.
Arkhangai Province

The **Arkhangai Province** or **Arkhangai Aimag** (Mongolian: Архангай аймаг, romanized: *Arhangai aimag*, pronounced [arχəɴˈɢæˑ ˈæˑməq]; lit. "North Khangai") is one of the 21 aimags of Mongolia. It is located slightly west of the country's center, on the northern slopes of the Khangai Mountains. It is composed of 19 soums.
Dakahlia Governorate

## Flag

**Dakahlia Governorate** (Arabic: محافظة الدقهلية *Muḥāfaẓah el Daqahliyah*, pronounced [ed.dæʔæhˈlejjæ]) is an Egyptian governorate lying northeast of Cairo. Its area is approximately 3,500 km2. Although the capital of the governorate is Mansoura, it got its name from the ancient town of Daqahlah (Arabic: دقهلة, from Coptic: ⲧⲕⲉϩⲗⲓ, lit. 'shrine') which is located in the modern Damietta Governorate.
Brandenburg

**Brandenburg** ([ˈbʁandn̩bʊʁk] (listen); Low German: *Brannenborg*; Lower Sorbian: *Bramborska* [ˈbrambɔrska]), officially the **State of Brandenburg** (German: *Land Brandenburg*; Low German: *Land Brannenborg*; Lower Sorbian: *Kraj Bramborska*), is a state in the northeast of Germany bordering the states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Saxony, as well as the country of Poland. With an area of 29,480 square kilometres (11,382 square miles) and a population of 2.5 million residents, it is the fifth-largest German state by area and the tenth-most populous. Potsdam is the state capital and largest city, and other major towns are Cottbus, Brandenburg an der Havel and Frankfurt (Oder).

Brandenburg surrounds the national capital and city-state of Berlin, and together they form the Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, the third-largest metropolitan area in Germany with a total population of about 6.2 million. There was an unsuccessful attempt to unify both states in 1996 and the states cooperate on many matters to this day.
Córdoba Department

**Córdoba Department** (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkoɾðoβa], Spanish: *Departamento de Córdoba*) is a Department of the Republic of Colombia located to the north of this country in the Colombian Caribbean Region. Córdoba faces to the north with the Caribbean Sea, to the northeast with the Sucre Department, east with the Bolívar Department and south with the Antioquia Department. Its capital is the city of Montería.
Aruba

## Flag

**Aruba**, officially the **Country of Aruba** is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands physically located in the mid-south of the Caribbean Sea, about 29 kilometres (18 mi) north of the Venezuela peninsula of Paraguaná and 80 kilometres (50 mi) northwest of Curaçao. It measures 32 kilometres (20 mi) long from its northwestern to its southeastern end and 10 kilometres (6 mi) across at its widest point. Together with Bonaire and Curaçao, Aruba forms a group referred to as the ABC islands. Collectively, these and the other three Dutch substantial islands in the Caribbean are often called the Dutch Caribbean, of which Aruba has about one-third of the population. In 1986, it became a constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and acquired the formal name the Country of Aruba.

Aruba is one of the four countries that form the Kingdom of the Netherlands, along with the Netherlands, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten; the citizens of these countries are all Dutch nationals. Aruba has no administrative subdivisions, but, for census purposes, is divided into eight regions. Its capital is Oranjestad.
Central Province (Papua New Guinea)

## Central Province

**Central Province** is a province in Papua New Guinea located on the southern coast of the country. It has a population of 237,016 (2010 census) people and is 29,998 square kilometres (11,582 sq mi) in size. The seat of government of Central Province, which is located within the National Capital District outside the province, is the Port Moresby suburb of Konedobu. On 9 October 2007, the Central Province government announced plans to build a new provincial capital city at Bautama, which lies within Central Province near Port Moresby, although there has been little progress in constructing it.

Whereas Tok Pisin is the main lingua franca in all Papua New Guinean towns, in part of the southern mainland coastal area centred on Central Province, Hiri Motu is a stronger lingua franca (but not in Port Moresby).
Democratic Republic of Sudan

On 25 May 1969, several young officers calling themselves the Free Officers Movement (after the Egyptian officers who instigated the Egyptian revolution of 1952) seized power in Sudan in a coup d'état and started the **Nimeiry era**, also called the **May Regime**, in the history of Sudan. At the conspiracy's core were nine officers led by Colonel Gaafar Nimeiry, who had been implicated in plots against the Abboud regime. Nimeiry's coup preempted plots by other groups, most of which involved army factions supported by the Sudanese Communist Party (SCP), Arab nationalists, or conservative religious groups. He justified the coup on the grounds that civilian politicians had paralyzed the decision-making process, had failed to deal with the country's economic and regional problems, and had left Sudan without a permanent constitution.
Baden-Württemberg

**Baden-Württemberg** (/ˌbɑːdən ˈvɜːrtəmbɜːrɡ/; German: [ˌbaːdn̩ ˈvʏʁtəmbɛʁk] (listen)), commonly shortened to **BW** or **BaWü**, is a German state (*Land*) in Southwest Germany, east of the Rhine, which forms the southern part of Germany's western border with France. With more than 11.07 million inhabitants as of 2019 across a total area of nearly 35,752 km2 (13,804 sq mi), it is the third-largest German state by both area (behind Bavaria and Lower Saxony) and population (behind North Rhine-Westphalia and Bavaria). As a federated state, Baden-Württemberg is a partly-sovereign parliamentary republic. The largest city in Baden-Württemberg is the state capital of Stuttgart, followed by Mannheim and Karlsruhe. Other major cities are Freiburg im Breisgau, Heidelberg, Heilbronn, Pforzheim, Reutlingen, Tübingen, and Ulm.

What is now Baden-Württemberg was formerly the historical territories of Baden, Prussian Hohenzollern, and Württemberg. Baden-Württemberg became a state of West Germany in April 1952 by the merger of South Baden, Württemberg-Baden, and Württemberg-Hohenzollern. These three states had been artificially created by the Allies after World War II out of the existing traditional states by their separation over different occupation zones.
East Timor

## Flag

**East Timor**, also known as **Timor-Leste**, officially the **Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste**, is an island country in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the exclave of Oecusse on the island's north-western half, and the minor islands of Atauro and Jaco. Australia is the country's southern neighbour, separated by the Timor Sea. The country's size is 14,874 square kilometres (5,743 sq mi). Dili is its capital and largest city.

## History

### Pre-Colonial Period

* Australesian migrations
* Melanesians migrations
* Majapahit
* Timor chiefdoms

### Modern Period

* Portuguese Timor
* Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
* Democratic Republic of East Timor (1975)
* East Timor (province)
* United Nations Administered East Timor
* Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste

## Subdivisions

* Lautém Municipality
* Baucau Municipality
* Viqueque Municipality
* Manatuto Municipality
* Dili Municipality
* Aileu Municipality
* Manufahi Municipality
* Liquiçá Municipality
* Ermera Municipality
* Ainaro Municipality
* Bobonaro Municipality
* Cova Lima Municipality
* Oecusse
* Atauro
Chin State

**Chin State** (Burmese: ချင်းပြည်နယ်; MLCTS: *hkyang: pranynai*, pronounced [tɕʰɪ́ɰ̃ pjìnɛ̀]) is a state in western Myanmar. The 36,019-square-kilometre (13,907 sq mi) Chin State is bordered by Sagaing Division and Magway Division to the east, Rakhine State to the south, Bangladesh to the south-west, and the Indian states of Mizoram to the west and Manipur to the north. The population of Chin state is about 478,801 in 2014 census. The capital of the state is Hakha. The state is a mountainous region with few transportation links. Chin State is sparsely populated and remains one of the least developed areas of the country. Chin State has the highest poverty rate of 73% as per the released figures from the first official survey. The official radio broadcasting dialect of Chin is Falam. There are 53 different subtribes and languages in Chin State. There are nine townships in Chin State: Hakha, Thantlang, Falam, Tedim, Tonzang, Matupi, Mindat, Kanpetlet and Paletwa townships. In 1896, Mindat and Kanpetlet were placed under Pakokku Hill Tracts District of British Burma later emerged into Chin hills. Only Paletwa Township became a part of Arakan Hill Tracts District of British Burma.
Alagoas

**Alagoas** (Portuguese pronunciation: [alaˈɡoɐs], [alaˈɡowɐs]) officially **State of Alagoas**, is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil and is situated in the eastern part of the Northeast Region. It borders: Pernambuco (N and NW); Sergipe (S); Bahia (SW); and the Atlantic Ocean (E). Its capital is the city of Maceió. It has 1.6% of the Brazilian population and produces 0.8% of the Brazilian GDP. It is made up of 102 municipalities and its most populous cities are Maceió, Arapiraca, Palmeira dos Índios, Rio Largo, Penedo, União dos Palmares, São Miguel dos Campos, Santana do Ipanema, Delmiro Gouveia, Coruripe, and Campo Alegre.

It is the second smallest Brazilian state in area (larger only than Sergipe) and it is 16th in population. It is also one of the largest producers of sugarcane, coconuts, and natural gas in the country. Alagoas also has oil exploration, mostly of onshore deposits.

Land of the *sururu* (or Charru Mussel), lagoon shellfish which serves as food for the coastal population, and of coconut water, Alagoas also possesses some of the country's richest folklore.
Antioquia Department

**Antioquia** (Spanish pronunciation: [anˈtjokja] (listen)) is one of the 32 departments of Colombia, located in the central Northwestern part of Colombia with a narrow section that borders the Caribbean Sea. Most of its territory is mountainous with some valleys, much of which is part of the Andes mountain range. Antioquia has been part of many territorial divisions of former countries created within the present-day territory of Colombia. Prior to adoption of the Colombian Constitution of 1886, Antioquia State had its own sovereign government.

The department covers an area of 63,612 km2 (24,427 sq mi), and has a population of 5,819,358 (2006 estimate); 6.6 million (2010 estimate). Antioquia borders the Córdoba Department and the Caribbean Sea to the north; Chocó to the west; the departments of Bolivar, Santander, and Boyaca to the east; and the departments of Caldas and Risaralda to the south.

Medellín is Antioquia's capital city, and the second-largest city in the country. Other important towns are Santa Fe de Antioquia, the old capital located on the Cauca River, and Puerto Berrío on the Magdalena.
Department of Cajamarca

**Cajamarca** (Spanish pronunciation: [kaxaˈmaɾka]; Quechua: *Kashamarka*; Aymara: *Qajamarka*) is a department and region in Peru. The capital is the city of Cajamarca. It is located in the north part of the country and shares a border with Ecuador. The city has an elevation of 2,700 metres (8,900 ft) above sea level in the Andes Mountain Range, the longest mountain range in the world. Part of its territory includes the Amazon Rainforest, the largest in the world.
Essequibo Islands-West Demerara

**Essequibo Islands-West Demerara** (Region 3) is a region of Guyana.

Split in two by the Essequibo River, Venezuela claims the territory to the west of Essequibo river as part of Delta Amacuro state, what represents **Essequibo Islands**. Unlike **West Demerara** who is located east of Essequibo river, which means is out of the dispute.

It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, the region of Demerara-Mahaica and Demerara River to the east, the region of Upper Demerara-Berbice to the south and the region of Pomeroon-Supenaam to the west. It contains villages such as Parika, Tuschen and Uitvlugt. It contains the three hundred and sixty five islands in the Essequibo river of which three of the largest islands can be found at the mouth of the Essequibo, these are Hogg Island, Wakenaam and Leguan.
Afghanistan

## Flag

Taliban flag which is used as the country flag

**Afghanistan**, officially the **Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan**, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south, Iran to the west, Turkmenistan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, Tajikistan to the northeast, and China to the northeast and east. Occupying 652,864 square kilometers (252,072 sq mi) of land, the country is predominantly mountainous with plains in the north and the southwest, which are separated by the Hindu Kush mountain range. As of 2021, its population is 40.2 million (officially estimated to be 32.9 million), composed mostly of ethnic Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras, and Uzbeks. Kabul is the country's largest city and serves as its capital.

## History

### Prehistory

* Early human cultures
* Indus Valley Civilisation

### Antiquity

* Medes
* Achaemenid Empire
* Macedonian Empire
* Seleucid Empire
* Maurya Empire
* Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
* Indo-Greek Kingdom
* Indo-Scythians
* Indo-Parthian Kingdom
* Kushan Empire
* Sasanian Empire
* Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom
* Kidarites
* Hephthalites
* Alchon Huns
* Nezak Huns

### Middle Ages

* Turk Shahis
* Hindu Shahis
* Rashidun Caliphate
* Umayyad Caliphate
* Abbasid Caliphate
* Zunbils
* Tahirid dynasty
* Saffarid dynasty
* Samanid Empire
* Ghaznavids
* Ghurid dynasty
* Khwarazmian Empire
* Mongol Empire
* Chagatai Khanate
* Ilkhanate
* Timurid Empire

### Early Modern Period

* Khanate of Bukhara
* Mughal Empire
* Safavid Iran
* Hotak dynasty
* Afsharid Iran
* Durrani Empire
* Herat (1793–1863)
* Emirate of Afghanistan

### Modern Period

* Kingdom of Afghanistan
* Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978)
* Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
* Islamic State of Afghanistan
* Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)
* Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan
* Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
* Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (present)

## Provinces

* Badakhshan Province
* Badghis Province
* Baghlan Province
* Balkh Province
* Bamyan Province
* Daykundi Province
* Farah Province
* Faryab Province
* Ghazni Province
* Ghor Province
* Helmand Province
* Herat Province
* Jowzjan Province
* Kabul Province
* Kandahar Province
* Kapisa Province
* Khost Province
* Kunar Province
* Kunduz Province
* Laghman Province
* Logar Province
* Nangarhar Province
* Nimruz Province
* Nuristan Province
* Uruzgan Province
* Paktia Province
* Paktika Province
* Panjshir Province
* Parwan Province
* Samangan Province
* Sar-e Pol Province
* Takhar Province
* Maidan Wardak Province
* Zabul Province
Azawad

## State of Azawad

**Azawad**, or **Azawagh** (Tuareg: **Azawaɣ**, or **Azawad**; Arabic: أزواد), was a short-lived unrecognised state lasting from 2012 to 2013. Azawagh (*Azawaɣ*) is the generic Tuareg Berber name for all Tuareg Berber areas, especially the northern half of Mali and northern and western Niger. The Azawadi declaration of independence was declared unilaterally by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) in 2012, after a Tuareg rebellion drove the Malian Armed Forces from the region.

Azawad, as claimed by the MNLA, comprised the Malian regions of Timbuktu, Kidal, Gao, as well as a part of Mopti Region, encompassing about 60 percent of Mali's total land area. Azawad borders Burkina Faso to the south, Mauritania to the west and northwest, Algeria to the north and northeast, and Niger to the east and southeast, with undisputed Mali to its southwest. It straddles a portion of the Sahara and the Sahelian zone. Gao is its largest city and served as the temporary capital, while Timbuktu is the second-largest city, and was intended to be the capital by the independence forces
Austria

## Flag

**Austria**, officially the **Republic of Austria**, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous city and state. A landlocked country, Austria is bordered by Germany to the northwest, the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia to the northeast, Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The country occupies an area of 83,871 km2 (32,383 sq mi) and has a population of 9 million.

## History

### Prehistory

* Paleolithic & Mesolithic cultures
* Linear Pottery culture
* Lengyel culture

### Antiquity

* Urnfield culture
* Hallstatt culture
* La Tène culture
* Celtic tribes
* Alemanni
* Roman Empire
	+ Raetia
	+ Noricum
	+ Pannonia
* Western Roman Empire
* Ostrogothic Kingdom

### Middle Ages

* Raetia Curiensis
* Francia
* Carolingian Empire
* East Francia
* Holy Roman Empire
* Margraviate of Austria
* Duchy of Austria
* Duchy of Styria
* Archduchy of Austria
* Habsburg monarchy

### Early Modern Period

* German Confederation
* Austrian Empire
* Cisleithania
* Austria-Hungary

### Modern Period

* Republic of German-Austria
* First Austrian Republic
* Federal State of Austria
* Nazi Germany
* Allied-occupied Austria
* Second Austrian Republic

## States

* Burgenland
* Carinthia
* Lower Austria
* Salzburg
* Styria
* Tyrol
* Upper Austria
* Vienna
* Vorarlberg
Atlántico Department

**Atlántico** (Spanish pronunciation: [aðˈlantiko], English: **Atlantic**) is a department of Colombia, located in northern Colombia with the Caribbean Sea to its north, the Bolívar Department to its west and south separated by the Canal del Dique, and the Magdalena Department to its east separated by the Magdalena River. It is the third-smallest of the country's departments but its population of 2,535,517 makes it one of the most densely populated.

Its capital is Barranquilla. Other important cities include Sabanalarga, Soledad and Malambo.
Cuba

## Flag

Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and Atlantic Ocean meet. Cuba is located east of the Yucatán Peninsula (Mexico), south of both the American state of Florida and the Bahamas, west of Hispaniola (Haiti/Dominican Republic), and north of both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands. Havana is the largest city and capital; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey. The official area of the Republic of Cuba is 109,884 km2 (42,426 sq mi) (without the territorial waters) but a total of 350,730 km² (135,418 sq mi) including the exclusive economic zone. Cuba is the second-most populous country in the Caribbean after Haiti, with over 11 million inhabitants.
Castile and León

**Castile and León** (Spanish: *Castilla y León* [kasˈtiʎa i leˈon] (listen); Leonese: *Castiella y Llión* [kasˈtjeʎa i ʎiˈoŋ]; Galician: *Castela e León* [kasˈtɛlɐ ɪ leˈoŋ]) is an autonomous community in northwestern Spain.

It was created in 1983 by the merging of the provinces of the historic region of León: León, Zamora and Salamanca with those of Castilla La Vieja (Old Castile): Ávila, Burgos, Palencia, Segovia, Soria and Valladolid. The provinces of Santander and Logroño, which until then had been included in the *Old Castile* administrative division, opted out of this merger and formed the new Autonomous Communities of Cantabria and La Rioja respectively.
Ahuachapán Department

**Ahuachapán** (Spanish pronunciation: [awatʃaˈpan]) is a department of El Salvador in the west of the country. The capital is Ahuachapán. In the South it has the Apaneca-Ilamatepec Range and the Cerro Grande de Apaneca (Apaneca Grand Hill). Its extension is 1,240 km2 (480 sq mi) and has more than 333,000 people living in the department.
Costa Rica

## Flag

**Costa Rica**, officially the **Republic of Costa Rica**, is a country in the Central American region of North America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, and maritime border with Ecuador to the south of Cocos Island. It has a population of around five million in a land area of 51,060 km2 (19,710 sq mi). An estimated 333,980 people live in the capital and largest city, San José, with around two million people in the surrounding metropolitan area.

The sovereign state is a unitary presidential constitutional republic. It has a long-standing and stable democracy and a highly educated workforce. The country spends roughly 6.9% of its budget (2016) on education, compared to a global average of 4.4%. Its economy, once heavily dependent on agriculture, has diversified to include sectors such as finance, corporate services for foreign companies, pharmaceuticals, and ecotourism. Many foreign manufacturing and services companies operate in Costa Rica's Free Trade Zones (FTZ) where they benefit from investment and tax incentives.