recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Thutmose I

Thutmose I was the third pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty, who ruled all of Egypt and Nubia from 1025 to 1022 B.C. He succeeded his father Amenhotep I, and was succeeded by his son Thutmose II. Little is known about this pharaoh in the revised history, as some of the inscriptions attributed to him in the traditional history actually belong to Pinudjem I of the Tanite 21st Dynasty.

Thutmose was the son of Amenhotep I, who was the son of Ahmose I (who founded the 18th Dynasty). He had several children, but the only ones important to the revised history were Thutmose II and Hatshepsut.

In 1025 B.C., Amenhotep I died and passed the throne on to his sickly son Thutmose I. Thutmose went on a military campaign in his second year (1024 B.C.), and failed to conquer the Levant during the rule of Saul of Israel in 1023 B.C. He died after just three years of rule, and his infant son Thutmose II became pharaoh.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence regarding this pharaoh specifically can be found here.
Ramesses II

Ramesses II was the third pharaoh of the 19th Dynasty, and arguably the most famous of all time. He ruled over all of Egypt, including the Levant, Libya, and Nubia (though he would be the last pharaoh ever to do so), from 840 to 774 B.C. He succeeded his father Seti I, and was succeeded by his thirteenth son Merneptah. A lot is known about this pharaoh.

Ramesses II was the son of Seti I, who was the son of Ramesses I, who was himself the son of Seti who was a vizier during the late 18th Dynasty. Ramesses had many sons, but the only one to succeed him was Merneptah.

In 840 B.C., Seti I died after a long reign of nearly thirty years during which he conquered parts of Libya and Nubia. Ramesses II became pharaoh, and immediately set out to bring peace to Egypt following the chaotic Amarna period. In his second year (839 B.C.), he defeated invading Sea Peoples and thus expanded his territory to the west and north.

In the fourth year of his reign (837 B.C.), Ramesses II conquered parts of Palestine and Syria. This angered the Hittite king Muwatallis, who had previously owned this territory. The next year, Muwatallis and Ramesses II battled for the Levant at Kadesh, which became one of the best-attested battles in ancient history. Ramesses lost, but maintained the territory of Israel during the reigns of Athaliah and Jehu.

The next major event of Ramesses' reign would take place in 820 B.C., when he negotiated the first peace treaty in recorded history with the Hittite king Hattusili III. This kept the northern border of Egypt secure and peaceful, until the reign of Ramesses' son Merneptah.

Throughout Ramesses' reign, he continued to collect tribute from the Levant, Nubia, and Libya, but turned his focus to construction. He built many temples in Egypt and Nubia, and even built a new capital for the 19th Dynasty in Pi-Ramesses. Ramesses died after a long reign of 67 years.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence regarding this pharaoh specifically can be found here and here. Supplemental evidence can be found here.
21st Dynasty (Thebes)

The Theban 21st Dynasty was a series of High Priests of Amun who ruled Upper Egypt from Thebes under the Assyrian occupation, and afterwards. It followed the 20th and 23rd Dynasties, ruled concurrently with the 22nd, 21st (Tanis), and 25th Dynasties, and was followed by the Babylonian invasion. The dynasty ruled from 671 to 564 B.C., or 107 years. The priest-kings who ruled this dynasty were Herihor, Piankh, Pinudjem I, Menkheperre Piankhi, Smendes II, Pinudjem II, and Psusennes III.

The 21st Dynasty in Thebes began when the Assyrian army, under Esarhaddon, invaded Egypt and appointed the High Priest of Amun at Thebes (Herihor) to be commander of the Egyptian army. He ruled alongside Piankh, and died in 661 B.C. The job of priest-king of Upper Egypt was passed to Piankh's son, Pinudjem I.

Pinudjem I expelled the Assyrians in the last year of his reign, with the help of Piankhi. Menkheperre Piankhi then unified Egypt under his new 25th Dynasty, and went on many military campaigns until his death in 584 B.C. The three last kings of this dynasty were short-lived, ruling only until the Babylonian invasion of 564 B.C.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence regarding this dynasty specifically can be found here.
Mangle

Mangle is the main protagonist in Phantom GhostFazbear's channel (Possibly Main Character) She is one of the characters to have the most screen time.

## Personality

Mangle is shown to be Shy, unusual for her character, but she as seen as menacing when she bit Puppet in the episode Hungry Hungry Hippos Mayhem!

## Likes

Toy Chica (Best Friend)

Toy Bonnie

Carl The Cupcake

Toy Foxy

Toy Freddy

Balloon Boy (In Modern episodes)

Puppet (One-Sided)

The FNAF 1 Gang.

## Trivia

Mangle is Phantom GhostFazbear's favorite character in FNAF 2

The Mangle plush Phantom GhostFazbear uses Is from Good Stuff

)

## Criminal Record

Mangle has caused a bit of violence throughout the series.
Psusennes I

Psusennes I (*Tyetkheperre Psebkhannu*) was the second pharaoh and priest-king of the Tanite 21st Dynasty, who ruled from 734 to 688 B.C. He succeeded Smendes I, and was succeeded by Amenemnisu (Nephercheres). Little is known about this pharaoh, in either the traditional or revised histories, possibly because he lived so close in time to the catastrophic Santorini eruption.

Psusennes's parentage is unknown, but he may have been the son or grandson of his predecessor Smendes I. He had several sons, but the most important to the revised history is Amenemope, who later became king.

In 734 B.C., Smendes I died and passed the throne to his son or grandson Psusennes I. Psusennes ruled for a long reign of forty-six years, and he died in his forty-seventh (688 B.C.). His reign must have been largely uneventful, and he left very few monuments in Egypt. He passed the throne on to his (son? brother?) Amenemnisu.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence pertaining to this pharaoh specifically can be found here.
Senusret III

Senusret III was the fifth pharaoh of the 12th Dynasty, who ruled from 1296 to 1276 in Upper Egypt at Thebes, and from 1276 to 1253 in Lower Egypt at Itjtawy. He succeeded his father Senusret II in the south, succeeded his grandfather Amenemhat II in the north, and was succeeded by his son Amenemhat III. Much is known about this pharaoh, due to his multiple military campaigns.

Senusret III was the son of Senusret II, who was the son of Amenemhat II, who was himself the son of Senusret I. He had several sons, but the only one of note to the revised history was his son Amenemhat III.

In 1286 B.C., Senusret II died, and passed the throne of Upper Egypt to his son Senusret III. For the first few years of his reign, very little of importance happened. However, in his sixth and eighth years of rule (1281 and 1279 B.C.), he went on military campaigns to Nubia. Senusret was unable to conquer this region, and when his grandfather died in 1276 B.C., he moved to the north and became ruler of Upper Egypt.

Upon his coronation as full pharaoh of Egypt, he appointed his son Amenemhat III ruler in the south, at Thebes. Senusret III embarked on two more campaigns to Nubia, with the help of his son, in his sixteenth and nineteenth years of rule (1271 and 1268 B.C.), and finally was able to conquer this area. He built many monuments in the latter part of his reign, including his pyramid, and died in his thirty-seventh year of rule.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence pertaining to this pharaoh specifically can be found here and here.
Ramesses IV-X

The pharaohs Ramesses IV-X were a series of rulers in Thebes of the 20th Dynasty, from 726 to 689 B.C. They named themselves after the illustrious Ramesses II of the 19th Dynasty. Ramesses IV succeeded Ramesses III, and Ramesses X was succeeded by Ramesses XI. Due to these pharaohs' short lengths of reign and lack of contemporary attestations, little is known about the events during their rule.

Ramesses IV, VI, and VIII were sons of Ramesses III, who was the son of the dynasty founder Setnakhte. Ramesses V was the son of Ramesses IV, and Ramesses VII was the son of Ramesses VI. Ramesses IX was the grandson of Ramesses III through his son Montuherkhopshef, and Ramesses X was the son of Ramesses IX. The last pharaoh of this dynasty, Ramesses XI, was the son of Ramesses X.

In 726 B.C., Ramesses III died after a long reign of 32 years. He passed the throne on to his son, Ramesses IV. Ramesses IV began a building program upon his rule, and built many buildings over his short reign of 6 years. Ramesses IV died in 720 B.C., and his son Ramesses V became king.

Ramesses V ruled for 4 years, and died in 716 B.C. when his uncle (Ramesses VI) killed him and usurped the throne. Ramesses VI ruled for 7 years, and during his short reign the 20th Dynasty fell further and further into disarray. He went on several campaigns to fight off the northern dynasties as they tried to expand, and he died in 709 B.C.

Ramesses VI's son Ramesses VII became king upon his death, but only ruled for a few months before his uncle Ramesses VIII became pharaoh, and he also only ruled for a few months to a year. His nephew, Ramesses IX, was the next ruler of the 20th Dynasty for 17 years. He expanded his territory as far northward as Heliopolis, where he finished several construction projects before his death in 692 B.C.

Finally, the last in this succession of Ramesside kings, Ramesses X came to power. He only ruled what was left of the 20th Dynasty for 3 years, until his death in 689 B.C., when he passed the throne on to his son Ramesses XI.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence regarding this sequence of Ramesside kings can be found here.
Mentuhotep II

Mentuhotep II was the fourth pharaoh of the 11th Dynasty, who ruled Upper Egypt from 1509 to 1471 B.C. and all of Egypt from 1471 to 1458 B.C. He succeeded his father Intef III, and was succeeded by his son Mentuhotep III. Much is known about this pharaoh in both the revised and traditional histories.

Mentuhotep was the son of Intef III, who was the son of Intef II, who was himself the son of Intef I. He had several children, but the only one of note was Mentuhotep III.

In 1509 B.C., Intef III died and passed the throne on to his son Mentuhotep II. For the first thirteen years of his reign, very little happened. However, in Mentuhotep's fourteenth year (1496 B.C.), the 10th Dynasty to the north made a move to attack, and he sent armies up to stop them. Merikare died in this battle or shortly after, weakening the 10th Dynasty further.

Mentuhotep II saw his chance, and began a revolution against 10th Dynasty rule in Lower Egypt. He was finally able to reunite Egypt in his thirty-ninth year (1471 B.C.). Other military actions he took were conquering Nubia in two campaigns of his twenty-ninth and thirty-first years of rule (1481 and 1479 B.C.), and he may have conquered Canaan as well before his death in 1458 B.C.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence regarding this pharaoh specifically can be found here.
Shabataka

Shabataka was the third pharaoh in the 25th Dynasty, who ruled from 585 to 570 B.C. He succeeded Shabaka, and was succeeded by Taharka. Little is known about this pharaoh in either the traditional or revised histories.

Shabataka was the son of Shabaka, son of Rudamon, son of Piankh. As Piankh was the son-in-law of Osorkon III, Shabataka is connected by genealogy to the 21st, 22nd, and 23rd Dynasties. Shabataka had several sons, but the only one important to the revised history is Tanuatamon.

In 585 B.C., Shabaka died after a long reign of 52 years, and passed the throne of pharaoh on to his son, Shabataka. Early in his reign, Shabataka saw the threat of Nebuchadnezzar and Babylon looming over Egypt, and so asked his brother Taharka to come up to the Nile delta and ready his army. However, this was premature, and Shabataka died in 570 B.C. six years before Nebuchadnezzar would invade.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence concerning this pharaoh specifically can be found here.
Tanuatamon

Tanuatamon was the fifth and terminal pharaoh of the 25th Dynasty, from 543 to 535 B.C. He succeeded Taharka in Nubia and proclaimed himself pharaoh of Egypt. He was defeated by Cyrus the Great and replaced by Psamtik I. Not much is known about this pharaoh in either history, but more is known from the revised chronology.

Tanuatamon was likely the son of Shabataka, son of Shabaka, son of Rudamon. This connects him all the way back to the end of the 22nd Dynasty. Tanuatamon may have had some sons and daughters, but they are not known to the traditional or revised history.

Early in the year of 543 B.C., Taharka died in exile in Nubia, where he had been forced by the Babylonian invasion. Tanuatamon, his nephew and only living relative, succeeded him. In a trip down the Nile, to the delta, Tanuatamon defeated the remaining Babylonian garrisons and proclaimed himself the ruler of Upper and Lower Egypt. However, within the year he was forced south by Cyrus' invasion/liberation.

Tanuatamon resided in Thebes, still proclaiming himself ruler of southern Egypt, until 535 B.C. when Psamtik I led a campaign south the retake those lands and restore it to its former glory. Tanuatamon may have survived, or died in the attack. His life after this is unknown.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence specifically regarding this pharaoh can be found here.
Pinudjem II

Pinudjem II was the sixth ruler and High Priest of Amun in the 21st Dynasty, who was HPA from 597 to 572 B.C., and ruler of Thebes and the surrounding area from 584 to 572 B.C. He succeeded his brother Smendes II and his father Menkheperre Piankhi, and was succeeded by his son Psusennes III. Very little is known about this person.

Pinudjem was the son of Piankhi, who was the son of Pinudjem I, who was the son of Piankh. He had several children, but his only son of note to the revised history was Psusennes III who succeeded him.

In 597 B.C., Pinudjem’s brother Smendes II died, and so Pinudjem II was made the High Priest of Amun. He ruled as such for the rest of his reign in Thebes, but upon his father's death, he was also made king of Upper Egypt alongside Shabataka. He died in 572 B.C.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence pertaining to this pharaoh can be found here.
Ramesses I

Ramesses I was the founder of the 19th Dynasty, who ruled Egypt from 870 to 869 B.C. He succeeded Horemheb, and was succeeded by his son Seti I. Very little is known about this pharaoh, due to his short length of reign.

Ramesses I was the son of Seti, a vizier during the late 18th Dynasty, and had one son of note to the revised history (Seti I).

In 870 B.C., Horemheb of the 18th Dynasty died and appointed Ramesses I his successor. Ramesses ruled for just one year, and died near the beginning of his second. He may have been very old, as it appears a tomb had already been prepared for him upon his death.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence pertaining to this ruler specifically can be found here.
Khety III

Khety III (*Wahkare Khety*) was likely the second pharaoh of the 10th Dynasty, who ruled from around 1530 to 1480 B.C. in Upper Egypt at Herakleopolis. He succeeded Neferkare VIII, and was succeeded by Merikare. Not a lot is known about this pharaoh, but somewhat more in the revised history than the traditional.

Khety's parentage is unknown, though his father may have been his predecessor, Neferkare VIII. He had no known sons.

Around 1530 B.C., Neferkare VIII died and passed the throne to Khety III. Under Khety's rule, the Israelites were further oppressed, and he decreed that all male Israelite infants should be killed on sight to stop population growth. The Israelite Moses slipped through this law when born in 1526 B.C., and he later went on to free them.

Khety III started his reign by continuing the feud with the 11th Dynasty. He took back some territory that had been conquered by Intef II. However, he later decided to make peace and accept that two dynasties could rule side by side. He died around 1480 B.C.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence regarding this pharaoh's place in history can be found here.
Pepi II

Pepi II (*Neferkare Pepi*) was the fifth and final pharaoh of the 6th Dynasty, from 1625 to 1617 B.C. in Upper Egypt and from 1617 to 1579 B.C. in Lower Egypt at Memphis. He was born around 1669 B.C., living for over 90 years total. Pepi succeeded his father Merenre I, and his reign was followed by the chaos of the 7th and 8th Dynasties. Much is known about this pharaoh in both the revised and traditional histories.

Pepi was the son of Merenre I, who was the son of Pepi I, who was himself the son of Teti (founder of the 6th Dynasty). He had many sons, including Merenre II and Siptah who ruled in the south during his reign.

In 1625 B.C., Pepi I died and passed the throne of Lower Egypt to Merenre I. To fill the vacuum of power in the south, Pepi II was appointed ruler of Upper Egypt. He was about thirty-five years old at this time. During his reign in the south, very little of importance happened. His rule was marked by a time of external peace, though internal affairs would later tear his dynasty apart.

Less than ten years later, Merenre I died and his son Pepi became pharaoh in the north. Pepi appointed his wife Nitocris to rule in the south. Nitocris died within twenty years, around Pepi II's thirtieth year of reign, as they both were over sixty years old. He then appointed one of his sons to rule in Upper Egypt. However, due to his old age, his sons died quickly after becoming ruler.

Pepi II became older and less authoritative to the people in Egypt near the end of his reign, and the nomarchs in Egypt which had been gaining power before now effectively ruled autonomously in their regions. Pepi finally died in his forty-seventh year of rule, and the government of Egypt collapsed. This began the chaotic time of the 7th and 8th Dynasties.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence regarding this pharaoh specifically can be found here and here.
Amenemopet

Amenemopet (Amenemope II?) was the eighth and penultimate priest-king of the Tanite 21st Dynasty, who ruled from 625 or later to 581 B.C. He succeeded Psusennes II, and was succeeded by Siamun. This king is not acknowledged by the traditional history, due to its faulty chronology.

Amenemopet's parentage or children are not known to the revised history.

In 625 B.C., Amenemopet succeeded Psusennes II (although this may have happened later, with a different predecessor). He kept good relations with his southern counterparts, Menkheperre Piankhi, Smendes II and Pinudjem II. Little otherwise is known about his reign of less than 44 years. He died in 581 B.C. and passed the throne on to his successor Siamun.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence regarding this pharaoh specifically can be found here.
Amarna Period

The Amarna period was a time during the 18th Dynasty, from 934 to 897 B.C., during which the capital of Egypt was transferred from Thebes to Amarna. This began under the reign of Akhenaten, and lasted through to the time of Horemheb. A lot is known about this period, more so in the traditional history.

This began in 934 B.C., during the reigns of Amenhotep III and Akhenaten. Akhenaten changed the religion of Egypt to a monotheism, and moved the capital of Egypt to Akhetaten (Amarna) in this year. Four years later, Solomon of Israel died, and the kingdom was split into Judah (ruled by Rehoboam) and Israel (ruled by Labaya/Jeroboam). As Labaya was the brother-in-law of Akhenaten, this renewed interest in the Levant for Egypt.

In 925 B.C., Akhenaten invaded Judah and captured Jerusalem, putting an Egyptian official (Abdi-Hiba) there to watch over Rehoboam. A civil war between Labaya and Rehoboam caused the Egyptians in the Levant to call on Akhenaten, and later Ay, to help. This led to a large-scale correspondence now known as the Amarna letters.

This period of monotheism continued into the reign of Tutankhamen, who reverted Egypt back to the old religion. He died, and an interregnum followed from 904 to 897 B.C. in which Horemheb ruled as commander of the Egyptian army. Following this, Horemheb declared himself pharaoh, and moved the capital back to Thebes.

Evidence here.
Apries

Apries was the fourth pharaoh of the 26th Dynasty, who ruled from 468 to 449 B.C. He succeeded Psamtik II, and was succeeded by Amasis. A lot is known about this pharaoh in the traditional history, but far more is known from the revised history.

Apries was the son of Psamtik II, son of Necho II, son of Psamtik I. This links him to every other pharaoh of the 26th Dynasty. Apries also likely had a brother, named Inaros. He had many sons, but only one important to the revised history, Pausiris, who fathered Amyrtaeus.

Apries succeeded his father in 468 B.C., and became pharaoh without any problem. During the majority of his rule (465 to 446 B.C.), Egypt was engulfed in rebellion, now known to Egyptologists as the Inaros rebellion named after a major player in this war. After the death of the harsh Xerxes I, Apries saw his chance and began a fight for independence. He began fortifying his capital at Memphis, now known as Apries’ Memphite fortress, and began going by another of his names, Amyrtaeus (I).

Along with several other regional rulers of Egypt (Khababash and Inaros, among others), he battled the Persian army for over a decade. Eventually, Greek and Ionian mercenaries were used by Egypt as well. In 454 B.C., an official under Apries, Amasis, began declaring himself absolute ruler. Thus Egypt was also engaged in civil war for the last five years of the rebellion. Eventually, Amasis was recognized as the true pharaoh, and the two began working together to defeat the Persians. Apries died in a final offensive in 446 B.C.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence regarding this pharaoh specifically can be found here.
Psamtik II

Psamtik II was the third pharaoh of the 26th Dynasty, who ruled from 474 to 468 B.C. He succeeded Necho II as ruler of Egypt, and was succeeded by Apries. Very little is known about this pharaoh, in either the traditional or revised Egyptian histories.

Psamtik II was the son of Necho II, who was the son of Psamtik I, himself the son of Necho I. This connects Psamtik II back to the origins of the 26th Dynasty. He had multiple sons, but three important to the revised chronology, who are Apries, Inaros, and Psamtik (III).

The rule of Psamtik began in 474 B.C., when Necho II died and the throne was passed to him. Not much happened during his reign, as the first Egyptian rebellion had been put down a decade earlier, and little freedom was likely given to the pharaohs by their Persian overlord (Xerxes I). In Psamtik II’s third year (471 B.C.), Nubia (now Ethiopia) was conquered. He put up many large monuments celebrating this event. The rest of his rule was largely uneventful.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence about this specific pharaoh can be found here.
Darius II

Darius II was the sixth emperor of the Achaemenid Empire, and a pharaoh of the 27th Dynasty (First Persian Domination) from 423 to 405 B.C. He also was a governor of Babylon from 435 to 423 B.C., from which he dated his regnal years. He succeeded his father, Artaxerxes I, and ruled Egypt above Amasis. Little is known about this pharaoh in the traditional history, but more is known from the revised.

Darius was the son of Artaxerxes I, son of Xerxes I, son of Darius I. This links him back to the rest of the 27th Dynasty. He had several sons, but the most important was Artaxerxes II, who succeeded him.

In 423 B.C., Artaxerxes I died and Darius II became Persian emperor. In Egypt, Amasis was governor, and Egypt was prospering under his rule. The final years of Amasis, and thus Darius' reign, were uneventful. Upon Darius II's death, Persia went into somewhat of a civil war between Artaxerxes II and Cyrus (III), and Amasis rebelled.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence for this ruler specifically can be found here.
Springtrap

Springtrap is one of the main characters in the Phantom GhostFazbear Franchise, he is William Afton after being Springlocked in a Spring Bonnie suit to escape the children's spirits.

## Appearance

Springtrap is this rotten old green shade for a suit with organs and meanacing teeth.

## Trivia

Springtrap Made his first appearance in the Lolbit episode.
Amenemhat IV

Amenemhat IV was the seventh pharaoh of the 12th Dynasty, who ruled only in Upper Egypt at Thebes from 1253 to 1244 B.C. He succeeded his father Amenemhat III, and was succeeded by his sister Sobekneferu. Little is known about this pharaoh.

Amenemhat IV was the son of Amenemhat III, who was the son of Senusret III, who was the son of Senusret II. He had no children known to the revised history.

In 1253 B.C., Sesostris III died and Amenemhat III became pharaoh in the north. He appointed his oldest son, Amenemhat IV, to rule in the south during his reign. This situation continued for nine years, but Amenemhat died, likely in a skirmish with the Hyksos of the soon-to-begin 15th Dynasty, in his tenth year of rule.

Evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence regarding this pharaoh can be found here.
Artaxerxes I

Artaxerxes I was the fourth emperor of the larger Achaemenid Empire, and a pharaoh of the 27th Dynasty (First Persian Domination) from 466 to 423 B.C. He succeeded Xerxes I as emperor of Persia, and ruled above Apries and Amasis, governors of Egypt. He was succeeded by Darius II. Much is known about this pharaoh in both the traditional and revised Egyptian histories.

Artaxerxes was the son of Xerxes I, son of Darius I, son of Hystaspes. His great-grandfather was the second cousin of Cyrus the Great, linking him back to the origins of the Persian Empire. He had many sons, but the most important one to the revised history is Darius II.

In 466 B.C., Xerxes I died and passed the throne on to his son Artaxerxes I. In Egypt, Apries saw his chance to gain independence and he began a rebellion that lasted for nearly twenty years, from 465 to 446 B.C. During this time, Egypt was fractured, and following 454 B.C., they were also in a civil war between Apries and Amasis. Amasis became ruler of Egypt in 449 B.C., and a peace was negotiated. Amasis remained regional governor for the rest of Artaxerxes' rule.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence concerning this pharaoh can be found here.
Nepherites I

Nepherites I was a pharaoh of Egypt during the 29th Dynasty, who ruled from 399 to 393 B.C. He succeeded Amyrtaeus, otherwise Psamtik III, and was succeeded by Achoris. Not much is known about this pharaoh in either the traditional or revised histories. The little that is known about Nepherites I can be found at his Wikipedia page.

In the revised history, Nepherites I was the first pharaoh of his dynasty, and ruled during the First Persian Domination of Egypt, also known as the 27th Dynasty. For the first half of his reign, he was coruler with Combaphis (Kbdj).

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence specifically concerning this pharaoh is scant, as he is little known in the monuments of Egypt, but it can be found here.
Assyrian Occupation of Egypt

The Assyrian occupation of Egypt was a period from 671 to 639 B.C. during which Assyria controlled every aspect of Egyptian life. They appointed 20 governors to rule each territory, including Piankh of the Theban 21st Dynasty, Shoshenq IV of the 22nd Dynasty, Nesubanebdjed of the Tanite 21st Dynasty, and Pedubast I of the 23rd Dynasty. The kings of Assyria during this time were Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal.

In 674 B.C., Esarhaddon attempted to invade Egypt. However, the crown prince Osorkon was able to fight them off, and he was crowned as the pharaoh Osorkon III a year later. Esarhaddon decided to try again in 671 B.C., and this time he succeeded. He exiled the rebellious pharaoh at Thebes, Ramesses XI, to Nubia, and appointed Herihor as the commander of the Egyptian army.

Two years later, Esarhaddon died and his son Ashurbanipal became king. This change in authority prompted a response from the governors in Egypt, and they rebelled in 665 B.C. Takelot III was among those who rebelled, and as a response he was killed. His nephew led another rebellion in 664 B.C., and was thus exiled to Nubia.

After this crackdown, Egypt stayed submissive for two decades, until Piankhi became commander of the Egyptian army under his father Pinudjem I. He participated as the leader of a final rebellion, and drove out the weakened Assyria from both Egypt and the Levant. This happened just a year before his coronation, in 639 B.C.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence regarding this period specifically can be found here.
Neferkare VIII

Neferkare VIII was likely the founder of the 10th Dynasty, who ruled around 1540 B.C. in Upper Egypt at Herakleopolis. He succeeded soon after Khety II of the 9th Dynasty, and a series of ephemeral rulers. Neferkare was succeeded by Khety III. Very little is known about this pharaoh.

Neferkare's parentage is completely unknown. His successor Khety III may have been his son, but this is not known for sure.

Khety II, the last powerful ruler of the 9th Dynasty, died soon before 1540 B.C. His dynasty began to collapse as Intef II conquered more and more of their territory. However, Neferkare VIII managed to retake some parts of northern Upper Egypt, and he regained authority in Lower Egypt as well. He ruled for an unknown period of time, continuing the rivalry between the Herakleopolitan dynasties and the 11th Dynasty, until his death some time before 1526 B.C.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence regarding this pharaoh's place in history can be found here.
Ay

Ay was the eleventh pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty, whose reign from 923 to 914 B.C. marked the middle of the Amarna period. He succeeded his nephew and son-in-law Akhenaten, and was succeeded by Tutankhamen. Little is known about the rule of this pharaoh.

Ay was the son of Yuya, a royal courtier. He had several children, possibly including Nefertiti (wife of Akhenaten).

In 923 B.C., Akhenaten died and appointed Tutankhamen (his oldest son) as his successor. However, at this time Tutankhamen was little more than an infant, so Ay ruled in his place for nine years. The events of Ay's reign are little known to the revised history, though he retained the monotheistic religion of Akhenaten throughout his rule. Ay died or was replaced by Tutankhamen upon his coming of age, in 914 B.C.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence regarding this pharaoh specifically can be found here and here.
Thutmose II

Thutmose II was the fourth pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty, who ruled all of Egypt from 1022 to around 1010 B.C. He succeeded his father Thutmose I, and was succeeded by his wife Hatshepsut and his son Thutmose III. Little is known about this pharaoh's reign, in either the traditional or revised history.

Thutmose was the son of Thutmose I, who was the son of Amenhotep I, who was himself the son of Ahmose I (founder of the dynasty). He had one son of note, Thutmose III who succeeded him.

In 1022 B.C., Thutmose I died after a very short reign. He passed the throne on to his son Thutmose II, who was at the time a child. He likely ruled with a regent for the first ten or more years of his reign, and only became fully pharaoh later. He went on several military campaigns to subdue Nubia in the south. He died after a reign of 14 years, and passed the throne on to his infant son Thutmose III with his wife Hatshepsut as regent.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence regarding this pharaoh's place in history can be found here.
Shabaka

Shabaka was the second pharaoh of the 25th Dynasty, who ruled with Menkheperre Piankhi from 637 to 585 B.C. He ruled more independently from 597 to 585 B.C. Shabaka was appointed a position in the government by Menkheperre, proclaimed himself pharaoh forty years later, and was succeeded by Shabataka. Upon his coronation as pharaoh, he also accepted the five-fold titulary of Thutmose IV, and named himself *Menkheperure Thutmose*. Much more is known about this pharaoh in revised history than the traditional history.

Shabaka was the son of Rudamon of the 22nd Dynasty, who was the son of Piankh of the 21st Dynasty, who was the son-in-law of Osorkon III of the 23rd Dynasty. He was also the cousin of Menkheperre Piankhi. This links him to rulers from three other dynasties. Shabaka had two sons important to the revised chronology, Shabataka and Taharka.

In 639 B.C., Piankhi defeated the Assyrian forces occupying Egypt, and drove them out of both Africa and the Levant. Two years later, he appointed Shabaka, his cousin, to a prominent position governing Memphis. In Shabaka's nineteenth year (619 B.C.), he was sent to govern a treaty with Assyria to finally bring peace. His absence led to a rebellion that same year that Piankhi had to put down.

Very little happened in Shabaka's life following this event, except for following 597 B.C., when Shabaka proclaimed himself pharaoh in Piankhi's advanced age, and accepted the honorary name *Menkheperure Thutmose*. Shabaka then set about restoring the magnificent Sphinx, until he died twelve years later in 585 B.C. and passed the throne on to his son, Shabataka.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence concerning this pharaoh specifically can be found here and here.
Menkheperre Piankhi

Menkheperre Piankhi was the first pharaoh of the 25th Dynasty, as well as the fourth High Priest of Amun in the 21st Dynasty, from 638 to 584 B.C. He succeeded his father Pinudjem I, ruled alongside his cousin Shabaka, and was succeeded by his first cousin (once removed) Shabataka. As High Priest of Amun, he was succeeded by his son Smendes II. Upon his coronation as pharaoh, he accepted the five-fold titulary of Thutmose III, and named himself *Menkheperre Thutmose*. This is the title he used on most of his monuments. Far more is known about this pharaoh in the revised history than in the traditional history.

Menkheperre Piankhi was the son of Pinudjem I, who was himself the son of Piankh, the son of a king of Nubia. Piankh was also the son-in-law of Osorkon III. This links him back to the beginnings of the 21st Dynasty, and to the 23rd as well. Piankhi had two sons of note in the revised history, who succeeded him as High Priest of Amun, Smendes II and Pinudjem II.

In 639 B.C., Piankhi was appointed High Priest of Amun under his father. Using the army he now commanded, he drove out the Assyrian forces in Egypt, ending the Assyrian occupation. A year later, Pinudjem I died, and Piankhi became king of Egypt. He began going by the name of an 18th Dynasty pharaoh, *Menkheperre Thutmose*.

In Piankhi's twentieth year (619 B.C.), he sent his cousin Shabaka to negotiate a treaty with Assyria and bring peace. This absence caused an uprising, with self-proclaimed pharaoh Tefnakht at the head. Piankhi quickly put it down, and erected a monument celebrating this achievement. In his twenty-third year, Piankhi began to go on military campaigns to the Middle East and proclaiming them under his name Menkheperre.

By 616 B.C., Piankhi had made a name for himself and was wanted to help stop a siege on Nineveh by Babylon. He was unable to do so. However, Assyria asked for his help again in 610 B.C., with the siege of Harran. Piankhi failed in this task also, and Assyria fell. Five years later, Babylonian troops battled the Egyptians at Carchemish for Piankhi's Levant territory. They lost this battle, and tribute from Syria and Israel to Egypt stopped.

For the next four years, Piankhi began building a Mediterranean empire, conquering Crete and other islands. Finally, after building up his forces, he delivered a striking blow to the Babylonians and took back his Levant territories in 601 B.C. Despite this, Piankhi quickly lost them again in the first decade of the sixth century B.C. to Babylon.

After this loss, Shabaka likely lost faith in the military prowess of Menkheperre Piankhi and proclaimed himself pharaoh in 597 B.C. Piankhi’s son Smendes II also died in this year, causing Menkheperre to stop his campaigns. Despite this, Piankhi stayed alive and ruled alongside Shabaka until 584 B.C., when he finally died in his fifty-fourth year of rule.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence relating to this pharaoh specifically can be found here.
Setnakhte

Setnakhte was the founder of the 20th Dynasty, who ruled for a short two years in the Nile delta from 759 to 757 B.C. He formed his dynasty out of the chaos following the reign of Merneptah, considered Seti II his predecessor, and was succeeded by his son Ramesses III. Not much is known about him.

Setnakhte's parentage is unknown, though he is likely connected to the 19th Dynasty genealogically. He married a daughter of Merneptah, and had several sons, including his successor Ramesses III.

In 765 B.C., a volcano in the Mediterranean exploded catastrophically, which would become known as the Santorini eruption. This caused Egypt to fracture politically, and nomads began to claim land in the Nile delta, forming the 22nd Dynasty. The High Priests of Amun in Tanis also formed their own dynasty, the 21st. The previously ruling dynasty was destroyed, and an interlude occurred for five years in which there were many who claimed to be pharaoh of Egypt.

Out of these ashes of the 19th Dynasty, Setnakhte unified a part of the Nile delta centered on the city of Pi-Ramesses. He managed to maintain this territory throughout his reign (despite opposing claims to it, by Shoshenq I and Smendes I), though it would be eventually lost by his successor. He died in his third or fourth year of reign, 757 B.C.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence specifically pertaining to this pharaoh can be found here and here.
Herakleopolitan Dynasties

The 9th and 10th Dynasties were dynasties based at Herakleopolis, whose pharaohs mainly contested territory in northern Upper Egypt alongside the 11th Dynasty. They followed the 7th and 8th Dynasties, and was followed by the 11th Dynasty. The dynasties lasted from ca. 1575 to 1471 B.C., or about 100 years. The occupants of these dynasties were Khety I, Neferkare VII, Khety II, Neferkare VIII, Khety III, and Merikare.

The 9th Dynasty began with Khety I, the nomarch of Herakleopolis during the 7th and 8th Dynasties. Though the power at this time was technically focused at Memphis, it was beginning to recentralize around Herakleopolis and Thebes. Thus, Khety I became pharaoh of Lower Egypt and parts of Upper Egypt near the end of his reign, around 1571 B.C. His rule was followed closely by that of Neferkare VII, who began the rivalry between his dynasty and the 11th as Intef I started to gain more territory close to that of this dynasty.

After Neferkare, Khety II was the fourth pharaoh of these dynasties who contested the territories of northern Upper Egypt with Intef II. He was the last powerful ruler of the 9th Dynasty, and the dynasty collapsed soon after his reign. The founder of the next dynasty, the 10th, in the same spot was Neferkare VIII. He continued to battle the 11th Dynasty to the south.

The longest-lived king of these dynasties was Khety III, who made peace with his rivals to the south around 1490 B.C. Mentuhotep II never forgot his insults earlier in his reign, however, and conquered Lower Egypt, killing Merikare, in 1471 B.C. This ended the Herakleopolitan dynasties.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence regarding this dynasty can be found here.
Achoris

Achoris was the final pharaoh of the 29th Dynasty, who ruled from 393 to 380 B.C. He succeeded Nepherites I as pharaoh of Egypt. Not much is known about this pharaoh in either the traditional or the revised history, but the little that *is* known about him can be found on his Wikipedia page.

In the revised history, he is the last pharaoh of the First Persian Domination of Egypt, otherwise known as the 27th Dynasty. The beginning part of his rule was under Artaxerxes II, emperor of Persia, and at some point in his rule, Egypt gained independence.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence for the revised history specifically concerning this pharaoh is scant, as he is little known in the monuments of Egypt, but it can be found here.
Ahmose I

Ahmose I was the founder of the 18th Dynasty, who ruled all of Egypt from 1069 to 1047 B.C. He succeeded his brother, Kamose of the 17th Dynasty, and was succeeded by his son Amenhotep I. Much is known about this pharaoh, in both the revised and traditional histories.

Ahmose was the son of Seqenenre Tao, who was himself the son of Senakhtenre Ahmose. He had only one son of note to the revised history, Amenhotep I who succeeded him.

Soon before 1069 B.C., during the reign of his predecessor, Ahmose I began a siege of the Hyksos capital of Avaris. He succeeded, but Kamose was likely killed in the ensuing battle, making Ahmose the new pharaoh of Egypt. This began a new dynasty, the 18th, which would last for two hundred years.

Soon after Ahmose became pharaoh, he also conquered Nubia in the south, expanding his territory. Following this, he probably attempted to take control of the Levant, but no pharaoh would be able to do so until the Amarna period. Ahmose built many monuments during his reign, as he was an avid architect. He died after a long reign of 22 years, and passed the throne to his oldest surviving son, Amenhotep I.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence regarding this pharaoh specifically can be found here.
Psamtik I

Psamtik I was the first pharaoh of the 26th Dynasty, who ruled from 543 to 489 B.C. He was appointed by Cyrus the Great of Persia, and succeeded Tanuatamon. He was succeeded by Necho II, his son. His reign was long, and so much is known about him in both the traditional and the revised histories.

Psamtik was the son of Necho I, who was killed by Babylonian garrisons during their invasion in 564 B.C. Psamtik had multiple sons, but only one is important to the revised history, Necho II.

Psamtik I’s reign began in 543 B.C., when Cyrus the Great invaded the Nile delta and appointed him governor of the Egyptian province of Persia. From his first to his nineteenth year of rule (525 B.C.), he made it his goal to restore Egypt to its former glory. He appointed many people, including Petesi I, Samtoutefnakht, Mentuemhet, and Udjahorresne, to help restore the land. In his ninth year (535-534 B.C.), he led a campaign to Thebes to defeat Tanuatamon and conquer Upper Egypt.

By 525 B.C., all of Egypt was restored to its glory before the Babylonian invasion of 564 B.C. Cambyses visited Egypt to determine if more renovation was necessary, and to remind the Egyptian people of their Persian sovereigns. The rest of Psamtik’s reign was unremarkable, though he established many fortresses along the Mediterranean border (specifically at Daphne), and increased relations with the Greeks at the Persians’ request.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence regarding this pharaoh specifically can be found here, here, and here.
23rd Dynasty

The 23rd Dynasty was one of four dynasties ruling in Egypt just before the invasion of Assyria in 671 B.C. This dynasty followed and ruled concurrently with the 22nd, 21st (Tanis), and 20th Dynasties. It lasted from 715 to 664 (or 646) B.C., lasting 51, or possibly 69) years. The 23rd Dynasty consisted of Takelot II, Pedubast I, Iuput I, Osorkon III, Takelot III, and Rudamon. Little is known about this dynasty.

The dynasty began in 715 B.C., when Takelot II broke away from his ancestors' dynasty, the 22nd. He founded a new dynasty centralized in southern and central Egypt. However, his rule was quickly contested, and in 705 B.C., Pedubast I challenged his authority in Thebes. Four years later, tectonic upheaval in Egypt relating to the miraculous defeat of Sennacherib's army in Judah led to political and social upheaval. Pedubast saw his opportunity, and took over more 23rd Dynasty territory.

Following Takelot II's death in 690 B.C., Pedubast became sole ruler of the dynasty, and he appointed his son Iuput I as coregent. When they both died, seventeen years later, Takelot II's son Osorkon III was able to retake the throne. This was short-lived, though, as Esarhaddon of Assyria invaded and occupied Egypt just two short years later. To combat this threat, Osorkon appointed *his* son, Takelot III, coregent with him.

Takelot III failed in his duties, and Assyria took over. Six years later, he led a rebellion, but was killed in the process, making his nephew Rudamon the ruler of the dynasty. When Rudamon tried to take Egypt back for himself, he was exiled and deported. This ended the 23rd Dynasty.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence regarding this dynasty can be found here. Supplemental evidence can be found here.
Khety II

Khety II (*Nebkaure Khety*) was the fourth pharaoh of the 9th Dynasty, who ruled around 1550 B.C. in Upper Egypt at Herakleopolis. He succeeded Neferkare VII, and was succeeded by a series of ephemeral rulers who ended the dynasty in about 1540 B.C. Very little is known about this pharaoh.

Khety's parentage is unknown, though he may have been a son of his predecessor Neferkare VII. He did not have any known sons.

After Neferkare VII's death, Khety II became ruler of Lower Egypt and the northern parts of Upper Egypt. He continued the rivalry with the 11th Dynasty in the south, now ruled by the powerful king Intef II. They contested the region of northern Upper Egypt and it eventually went to Intef, thus decreasing the power of the Herakleopolitan Dynasty even more. Khety died around the year 1545 B.C.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence regarding this pharaoh's place in history can be found here.
Tefnakht

Tefnakht was the first and possibly only pharaoh of the 24th Dynasty, with an ephemeral rule of only several months during 619 B.C. He became king of the Nile delta during a rebellion against s, and may have been succeeded by his son, Bocchoris. Very little is known about this pharaoh, in either the traditional or revised histories.

Tefnakht was the son of Gemnefsutkapu. He had at least one son, named Bocchoris, who may have succeeded him.

In 519 B.C., Menkheperre Piankhi sent his cousin and coregent, Shabaka, to Assyria to negotiate a treaty with them and bring peace in the Middle East. In his absence, some regional governors in the Nile delta decided to challenge Piankhi’s authority. Tefnakht specifically decided to create a coalition of rulers and take over Lower Egypt at the mouth of the Nile. However, his rebellion was quickly put down, within a year, and life went back to normal. Menkheperre Piankhi’s rule was unchallenged.

The evidence for the revised history can be found at Displaced Dynasties. Evidence about this pharaoh specifically can be found here.