recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Isthion

**Isthion** is a Recurring character in the third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a former Gladiator and freedman from the city of Canusium. In 72 BC, Isthion decided to join spartacus' rebellion.

## Background

### Early Life

Isthion was born and raised on Sicilia. Eventually he was taken by the Cilician pirates and brought to Italia where he was sold to Quintus Ausonius, a *Lanista* in Canusium.

## Traits and Skills

* **Combat skill**: Isthion was an incredibly skilled fighter, having fought and survived in the Arena long enough to win his freedom.
Gaius Maecenatus

**Gaius Maecenatus** is an unseen character in ***Spartacus***. He was a Roman citizen and farmhouse owner who's slaves rebelled in 73 BC.

## Background

He was a Roman landowner who owned a Villa rustica near the hills of Abella.

### Third Servile War

In 73 BC, Maecenatus' slave shepherds, under the command of Pioplenus, decided to escape and join Spartacus' growing slave rebellion. These slaves would aid Spartacus at Mount Vesuvius, where Praetor Gaius Claudius Glaber was defeated.

In early 71 BC, Maecenatus sent word to Marcus Licinius Crassus of his desire to pay for some of the slaves he had captured at the Silarus River. Crassus refused the offer, deciding instead to crucify all of the rebels he had captured.
Gennius Vallus

**Gaius Gennius Vallus** was a Roman politician and a citizen of Thurii. In 72 BC he was killed by Spartacus and his rebel army attacked and captured the city.

## Background

### Early Life

Vallus was born in Rome in 125 BC. He was present during Sulla's civil war, and would eventually enter into politics in Rome, eventually gaining the favour of Marcus Licinius Crassus, wealthiest man in the Republic. In 81 BC, Vallus was again in contact with Crassus, having left Rome to live in Thurii a few years prior. Crassus sold him one of his slaves, Alioppe, whom he feared his wife Tertulla would have killed, having used him as a *Concubina*. A few days later, Vallus discovered that Alioppe
Issaphus

**Issaphus** is a recurring character in the second, third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a Greek born slave who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Roman Republic.

He was killed in 71 BC during the Battle of Mount Cantenna, under Gannicus and Castus' command.

## Traits and Skills

* **Bilingual**: Issaphus could speak Greek and Latin, using both to communicate with hundreds of other rebels.
Gaius Icilius Mius

**Gaius Icilius Mius** is a Minor character in the fifth season of ***Spartacus***. He was a Roman Centurion under the command of Marcus Licinius Crassus during the Third Servile War, serving in the ***Legio I Licinii Crassi***.

## Biography

### Early Life

Gaius was born in 108 BC, into the *Icilia*, a prominent Plebian family of Rome. Mius received a good education, and upon turning eighteen he was recruited into the Roman Legions.

## Traits and Skills

* **Bilingual** (limited): Other than his native language Latin, Mius was somewhat fluent in Greek.
Lanista

A **Lanista** was a man who purchased and trained gladiators. They could gain considerable wealth in renting or selling gladiators, particularly to small, local games but their social status was considered low. Newly bought gladiators were formed into troupes called 'Familia gladiatorium'. The lanista was also responsible for training the gladiators.

Training involved the learning of a series of figures, which were broken down into various phases. Sometimes fans complained that a gladiator fought too mechanically, according to the numbers.

## Notable Lanistas

* Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Batiatus (Capua)
* Gaius Accalius Vibius (Capua)
* Octavius Ofonius Vinicius (Rome)
* Gaius Aurelius Scaurus (Capua)
* Publius Poetellius Syrys (Rome)
* Gnaeus Afinius Capito (Pompeii)
Inphion

**Inphion** is a recurring character in the first, second, third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a Greek born slave and a veteran Gladiator in Capua, belonging to the Ludus of Lanista Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Batiatus Vatia, alongside Spartacus, Crixus and Gannicus.

In 73 BC, Inphion decided to join Spartacus' breakout from Batiatus' ludus, ultimately joining the latter's growing rebellion against the Romans. Surviving most of the rebellion, Inphion was killed in 71 BC during the Battle of the Silarus River, against the legions commanded by Marcus Licinius Crassus.

## Background

### Early Life

Inphion was born sometime before 110 BC, in Western Greece, being captured and enslaved by the Cilician pirates. After almost a decade being bought and sold from Roman to Roman, he was eventually sold to Marcus Cornelius Batiatus in Capua, and trained as a Gladiator. After Marcus' son Gnaeus inherited the ludus, Inphion became one of his prized veteran Gladiators.

## Traits and Skills

* **Combat skill**: As a veteran Gladiator, Inphion was incredibly trained in one on one combat, surviving many matched in the Arena before 73 BC.
* **Bilingual**: Inphion was fluent in both Greek and Latin, using both to communicate with his fellow Gladiators, and later many of the rebels
Farrarius

In **Ancient Rome**, a Farrarius was a blacksmith.

## Description

A Farrarius would forge a range of products; military weaponry and armour, jewellery, agricultural tools, nails, hammers, iron gates, chains, horse shoes.

In small Roman towns, there was perhaps only one Farrarius (usually a family business including a father and his sons) Meanwhile in Larger towns and cities, it could have been a public shop with several Farrarius working together. A number of *Farrarius* were employed by the Roman Legions and would accompany them on their campaigns, as they would have been a very valuable asset.

Despite not having the same social standing as the high offices of the Senate, this being a Farrarius was one of the most valued and highly skilled professions in the Republic, and thus one of the most respected. Until the late Republic, a Roman would pay for and provide his own military weaponry and armour.

In the Roman Empire, A Farrarius would work hand in hand with an *Armurarius* (a man of higher social standing), allowing him to sell a Farrarius' labor straight to the Roman Army, and to many wealthy and influential customers. A Farrarius could be a highly paid profession.

A Farrarius made (possibly) daily prayers and offerings to Vulcan, god of blacksmiths and craftsmen.
Gaius Pilius Panulius

**Gaius Pilius Panulius** is a minor character in the third, fourth and fifth seasons of Spartacus. He was a Roman citizen who joined Spartacus' rebellion against Rome.

In 71 BC, Gaius was captured by Marcus Crassus' scouts near the Silarus River, and ultimately crucified on the Appian Way, on Crassus' orders.

## Background

Born around 90 BC in the commune of Ariccia, Gaius was the only son of his father, also named Gaius Pilius Panulius, who was a freedman of the Gens *Pilia*. From a young age, he worked with his father as a *Stercorarii*, a collector and tradesman of human waste, selling it from many public latrines around the city.

Although his family made a good living from their profession, Gaius and his family were never able to make enough coin, and remained partially impoverished until 72 BC.

## Third Servile War

Hearing that Spartacus and his army had defeated Praetor Gaius Claudius Glaber and his army at Mount Vesuvius. Knowing that Spartacus and his army would be pillaging Lucania and Campania, Gaius believed he could get some of their loot and bring it back to his family to end their financial troubles. Before leaving, Gaius gave himself a slave brand.

Gaius would spend several days travelling across the Appian Way, until finding Spartacus' camp near the city of Forum Annii.

### Death

Upon being captured by Crassus' troops, he was immediately identified as a Roman citizen. Spending days in chains, he was eventually branded as a slave, and eventually crucified on the Appian Way, on Crassus' orders. After dying, his body was left on the cross, rotting in the sun for weeks before being buried in a mass grave.

His family would never know what happened to him, although the expected it has something to do with Spartacus' rebellion.

## Traits and Skills

* **Combat skill**: Having had very little fighting skill before joining the rebellion, Gaius would later be trained by Carbo.
* **Bilingual**: Other than his native Latin, Gaius would become fluent in Greek, from many months of training from the Greek born rebels.

## Personality

Gaius was an audacious young Roman, but also naive as he found out by the end of the rebellion.
Lygdimius

**Lygdimius** is a minor character in the second, third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was slave from Illyria who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans.

After the Battle of the Silarus River, Lygdimius was captured and crucified on the Appian Way, on the orders of Marcus Licinius Crassus.
Mignon

**Mignon** is a recurring character in the second, third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a Greek born slave who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans.

He was killed in 71 BC during the Battle of the Silarus River, under Spartacus' command.

## Traits and Skills

* **Bilingual**: Mignon was fluent in Greek and Latin, using both to communicate with hundreds of the rebels.
Komninos

**Komninos** is a minor character in the second, third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a Thracian born slave who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans.

He was killed in 72 BC during the Battle of Mutina, against the legions of Proconsul Gaius Cassius Longinus Varus.
Getae

The **Getae** are a Thracian Tribe located near the Black Sea. The Getae have a close relationship with both the Greeks and the Dacians. The Getae were a formidable regional power during the First Century BC, whom lived in a series of fortified settlements known as "Davas", which were supported by a series of outlying farms and villages. From the early to middle First Century BC, they were ruled by a powerful and ambitious king named Burebista, whom also presided over and promoted a henotheistic cult around the prophet-god Zalmoxis, who was reputed to be a man whom lived centuries ago, was taught by Greek philosophers such as Pythogoras and from Egyptian priests, before returning to his Thracian homeland and preaching the belief in spiritual immortality. Most Thracian kingdoms, however, believed in the traditional pantheon featuring the storm-god Gebeliezis (though Zalmoxis is thought have sometimes been equated with Gebeliezis).

In Getae (and indeed among other Thracian nations) there was a class of holymen called Ctistae, who according to Strabo (History VII:3.3) were said to lead celibate lives. The Ctistae may have been to the Thracian people what the Druids were to the Celts. The Getae/Dacians were divided into two main social casts: the nobles were called the Tarabostes, whom wore felt caps as to designate their higher social-status. While the lower class of people were recorded as the Comati. Gold and silver-mining were important industries in Getae society until their conquest by the Romans under the Emperor Trajan in 106 BC.

Other tribal components of the main Getae nation include the Carpi, who dwelled east of the Carpathian Mountains (which may have been named for the them) in Moldavia and Wallachia. After the Roman conquest of the Dacian Kingdom in 106 CE, the Carpi would remain outside of Roman rule, and later join forces with the newly-arrived Germanic Goths in the early Third Century CE. There was also the Costoboci, found south of the Carpathian Mountains, whom are believed to have absorbed foreign Celtic and Sarmatian influences, or indeed, may have been composed of mixed Dacian and Celtic ancestry. And there were the Agathyrsi, found in Transylvania, who were believed to be the Thracianized descendants of formerly Scythian nomads whom settled in the region and became farmers.

Dacians are descendants of the Getae, and long-time enemies of the Maedi tribe.
Icliope

**Icliope** is a minor character in the first, second, third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. She was slave from the city of Capua, owned by Marcus Cornelius Batiatus and later Lentulus Batiatus. In 73 BC, Icliope was among Batiatus' slaves to escape Spartacus' breakout. Icliope joined Tresura's growing Dionysian cult inside the rebellion.

## Background

Icliope was born in Capua, and was born as a *Verna*. She was eventually bought by Marcus Cornelius Batiatus, a Lanista of one of Capua's main *Ludi*.
Goiteirus

**Goiteirus** is a minor character in the second, third and fourth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a Germanic born slave who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans. He was killed in 72 BC during the Battle of Mutina, against the legions of Proconsul Gaius Cassius Longinus Varus.

He was the lover of Ginonia, a non-combatant in Spartacus' army who was later crucified on the Appian Way
Lucius Cossinius

**Lucius Cossinius** is a Recurring character in the third season of ***Spartacus***. He was a Roman general sent to defeat Spartacus during the Third Servile War in 72 BC. His legions were defeated by Spartacus and his rebel army but Cossinius and his tribune Lucius Furius managed to escape. Cossinius and Furius were later beheaded by Spartacus when the rebels stormed Cossinius' villa.

## Background

### Early Life

Born into a wealthy family during the mid-100's BC, Cossinius was raised in the very height of Roman society. He moved quickly through politics and became praetor in 73 BC.

### Third Servile War

He was sent to assist Publius Varinius against the slave army led by Spartacus.

One night, while bathing at his villa in Salinae, near Pompeii, when Spartacus and a large band of rebels attacked, forcing Cossinius to flee on horseback.

## Traits and Skills

* **Combat skill**: An average fighter, Cossinius left the fighting to his men and usually stayed on his horse looking at the battlefield. He was later easily defeated by Spartacus when he attacked his villa.

## Personality

Like most Romans he saw himself above others simply because he was Roman. He also saw Spartacus as an inferior slave, which eventually lead to his downfall. Still, Spartacus described him as a "worthy tactician". Cossinius was known to flee from battle

## Appearance

Cossinius had short swept black hair, and a light stubble. He had a muscular build and was taller than most of the men under his command.
Ketonymus

**Ketonymus** is a minor character in the second, third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a Greek born slave who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Roman Republic.

He was ultimately killed in 71 BC during the Battle of the Silarus River, killed fighting in Spartacus' personal cohort of rebels.

Ketonymus was among the many slaves in the rebellion owned by Marcus Licinius Crassus, richest man in the Republic, who would defeat the rebellion.

## Background

### Early Life

Ketonymus was born sometime before 110 BC, in Greece. Being enslaved sometime after that, he was brought to Italy, and eventually sold to Marcus Licinius Crassus in 81 BC, and sent to Lucania to work as a *Pastores* on one of Crassus' various estates.

### Third Servile War

In 73 BC, after hearing of Spartacus' victory over Praetor Gaius Claudius Glaber at Mount Vesuvius, Ketonymus and a small group of others slaves managed to escape Crassus' estate, travelling north to find Spartacus' army.

## Traits and Skills

* **Combat skill**: As a *Pastores*, Ketonymus had been well trained in armed combat, having needed such skills to defend his masters stock from wild animals and thieves. These skills allowed him to survive much of the rebellion, including the battles against Crassus' more disciplined troops.
* **Bilingual**: Ketonymus could speak his native Greek, as well as Latin, using both languages to communicate with the rebels.
Lucius Mummius Rufius

**Lucius Mummius Rufius** is a minor character in the first and second seasons of *Caesar*, and a a minor character in the first, second and third seasons of *Triumvirate*. He was a Roman magistrate and the son of Marcus Mummius.

## Background

Lucius was born in 78 BC, and was only five years old when his father, Legatus Marcus Mummius served Marcus Licinius Crassus against the rebel Gladiator Spartacus and his slave rebellion. After his fathers defeat by Spartacus, he fled to Greece to serve Gaius Scribonius Curio, the current governor of Macedonia.

From there he was adopted by members of the Rufia, a prominent plebeian family in Rome. He adopted the name Rufius.

Lucius served under Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus during the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BC, later surrendering under the command of Marcus Junius Brutus. On his return to Rome, he was wed to Decilia Decia, who's brother, Centurion Publius Decilius Decius, had died at Phillipi under Brutus' command.

### 44 BC

Lucius received word of Caesar's assassination while at his families' estate in 44 BC. Lucius would be placed under Gaius Octavius' command some years later, and took part in both the Battle of Mutina against Mark Anthony and his forces in 43 BC, and later against Brutus and Cassius' forces during the Battle of Phillipi in 42 BC.

With the formation of the Second Triumvirate, Rufius was placed under the command of Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and would travel with Lepidus to Africa as the Triumvir governed his province.

Unable to maintain his loyalty to Lepidus, Rufius eventually gave his support to Gaius Octavius, leading to Lepidus' downfall.

Rufius died in 1 BC, survived by his son Marcus.
History & Blood

**History & Blood** is a series of short animated videos included in the blu ray release of each season of ***Spartacus***.

## Style

### Season 1

* **"Life of a Gladiator"**: Spartacus narrate the life of a gladiator, and the reason behind the breakout from Batiatus' ludus.
* **"The Battle of Mount Vesuvius"**: Oenomaus speaks of the first battle the rebels had one, defeating glaber and his army at Vesuvius.

### Season 2

* **"Growing a Rebellion"**:  explains the rebels who joined his rebellion following the defeat of Glaber.
* **"A slave of the rebellions"**: Thenus narrates his life, speaking of the other slave rebellion that took place on the island of Sicily.
* **"The Gods Who Rule Us, the Demigod Who Leads Us"**: Tresura speaks of her beliefs that Spartacus is the son of a god, and will lead the rebels to victory.

### Season 3

* **"The Cilician pirates"**: Heracleo explains the deal he struck with Spartacus.
* **"The Battle of Mount Garganus"**: Crixus speaks of his travel east towards Apulia, where he makes his final stand against the consul Gellius Publicola.
* **"Remembering the fallen"**: Lucius Linianus explains the punishment Spartacus inflicted upon the Roman legionaries captured during Lentulus' defeat.

### Season 4

* **"The Battle of Mutina"**: Antoninus narrates the rebels' victory over Cassius Longinus Varus at Mutina, clearing their way to escape over the Alps.
* **"A True Love for Rebellion"**: Psammus narrates Spartacus' failed attempt to cross the Alps.

### Season 5

* "**"The Battle of Cantenna"**: Gannicus narrates his and Castus' final stand against Crassus
* **"The Battle of the Silarus River"**: Spartacus speaks of the final stand the rebels made against
* **"The Defeat of the Rebellion"**: Trius narrates the aftermath of Spartacus' defeat, and Crassus' final act of savagery.
* **"The Last Battle of Etruria"**: Publipor narrates the final defeat of the rebellion; not by Crassus, but by the returning Pompey.

## Voice Cast

* Richard Armitage as Spartacus
* Hayley Atwell as Tresura
* Travis Fimmel as Crixus
* Paul Bettany as Gannicus
* Richard E. Grant as Marcus Crassus
Gonnus

**Gonnus** is a recurring character in the third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a Thracian born slave who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans. He was killed in 71 BC during the Battle of the Silarus River.

He was the lover of Diobena, who also died in the final battle.
Lucianus

**Lucianus** is a Minor Character in the second, third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a former slave who was freed by Spartacus from Capua in 73 BC. Though unknown to most of the rebels, he was the unacknowledged bastard son of Marcus Licinius Crassus.

Following the rebellion, Lucianus and Alliope were among the survivors who settled in Thurii, with Lucianus taking on his former dominus' name **Gaius Gennius Vallus**,

## Background

### Early Life

While living as a slave of Marcus Crassus in Rome, Crassus often used Alliope as a *Concubina*, engaging in intercourse with her often, among a dozen others.

Crassus soon decided to sell Alliope to Gaius Gennius Vallus, a former senator and friend now living in Capua. Having forgotten to make Alliope drink Silphium before she left Rome, Alliope found herself pregnant. Vallus discovered this, and decided to keep her, believing he could use the child to his advantage in the future. Alliope gave birth to the boy in late 81 BC. Vallus named named him Lucianus, after a friend who had died in the Social War.

Vallus soon explained to Alliope that since Crassus was the wealthiest man in Rome, it would be seen as an embarrassment if word got out that he had resorted to breeding his own slaves instead of purchasing expensive ones.

### Third Servile War

In 73 BC, Lucianus and Alioppe were asleep at Vallus' villa when Spartacus, and the other gladiators from Batiatus' villa snuck in. Vallus and his guards were all killed, and the rebels took this opportunity to gain supplies. Along with the supplies, they took all of the slaves in the villa with, including Lucianus and Alliope.

For most of the rebellion, Lucianus never left his mothers side. Hearing news that Marcus Crassus had been charged with defeating Spartacus, Alliope begged Spartacus' wife Tresura to help keep Lucianus safe, revealing to her that Crassus was his father.

### Later life

Like some other surviving rebels, Lucianus and Alliope returned to the city of Thurii. Having been one of Vallus' favourite slaves, Alliope learned enough information about him to pass herself off as his widow, as well as passing Lucianus off as their son Gaius.

In 58 BC, Lucianus was conscripted into the Legio XI Claudia, and fought in the Gallic Wars, serving in its Sixth Cohort.
Egypt

**Egypt** is the site of one of the most ancient civilizations in the world, and one of the first great empires known to history. By the time of the Third Servile War, though, Egypt was in decline, having passed through centuries of foreign rule, having been subjected first to the Assyrians, then the Persians, and finally the Macedonians and Greeks led by Alexander the Great. After conquest by Alexander the Great in 332 B.C., Egypt was ruled by one of Alexander's generals, Ptolemy, who founded a Macedonian dynasty which ruled Egypt until the final conquest of Egypt by Octavian. Each of Ptolemy's male successors also ruled under the name Ptolemy, and the period of Egyptian history from the time of Alexander's conquest to the death of Cleopatra VII, the last descendant of Ptolemy, is known as Ptolemaic Egypt.
Ennana

**Ennana** is a minor character in the second, third and fourth seasons of ***Spartacus***. She was a slave from Egypt who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans. He was killed in 72 BC during the Battle of Mutina.

## Background

### Early Life

Ennana was born in the city of Alexandria in Egypt in 99 BC, and taken into slavery at a young age. Taken to Italy, she had a number of masters in both Campania and Lucania, before ultimately being sold to a Roman living in northern Lucania, in the city of Bantia. Ennana, while an obedient slave, was known for her outbursts, and was even threatened with being sent to the Mines if her attitude did not change.

### Third Servile War

Finally, after hearing of Spartacus' rebellion in 73 BC, she bided her time until her dominus and domina travelled along the Via Appia, where she and a number of other slaves escaped, killing their masters.

Ennana and this small group travelled northwards into Campania until they were eventually found by Trius, one of Spartacus' men, and brought to his encampment.

## Traits and Skills

* **Combat skill**: Having had no training for most of her life, Ennana became a fast learner with a bow and arrow, and used it to a deadly effect against the Romans.
Koinos

**Koinos** is a recurring character in the first, second, third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a Gladiator from Thracewho later escaped from the ludus of Lentulus Batiatus along with Spartacus, Crixus, Oenomaus, Gannicus, Castus and many other gladiators. He subsequently joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans.

He was killed in 71 BC during the Battle of the Silarus River, being killed by Marcus Licinius Crassus himself.

## Background

### Early Life

Koinos was the son of a Thracian elder of an unknown tribe in western Thrace. He would ultimately find himself fighting and ultimately being enslaved by Roman troops.

After being brought to Italia, he was purchased by lanista Lentulus Batiatus and trained as a gladiator at his ludus.

## Traits and Skills

* **Combat skill**: Koinos was an exceptionally skilled fighter, even before being trained as a gladiator.
* **Bilingual**: Other than his native tongue, Thracian, Koinos was also fluent in both Greek and Latin.

## Appearance

Koinos had cropped black hair with a deep scar above his left eye. He was average in height with a muscular build
First Triumvirate

The **First Triumvirate** (60–53 BC) was an informal alliance between three prominent Roman politicians: Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus, at the end of the Roman Republic.

The constitution of the Roman Republic was a complex set of checks and balances designed to prevent a man from rising above the rest and creating a monarchy. In order to bypass these constitutional obstacles, Caesar, Pompey and Crassus forged a secret alliance in which they promised to use their respective influence to help each other. According to Goldsworthy, the alliance was "not at heart a union of those with the same political ideals and ambitions", but one where "all [were] seeking personal advantage." As the nephew of Gaius Marius, Caesar was at the time very well connected with the Populares faction, which pushed for social reforms. He was moreover Pontifex Maximus—the most important priest of the Roman religion—and could significantly influence politics, notably through the interpretation of the auspices. Pompey was recognised as the greatest military leader of the time, having notably won the wars against Sertorius (80–72 BC), Mithridates (73–63 BC), Spartacus (73–71 BC), and the Cilician Pirates (66 BC). Crassus was known for his fabulous wealth, which he acquired thanks to intense land speculation. Both Pompey and Crassus had also extensive patronage networks. The alliance was cemented with the marriage of Pompey with Caesar's daughter Julia in 59 BC.

Thanks to this alliance, Caesar thus received an extraordinary command over Gaul and Illyria for five years, so he could start his conquest of Gaul. In 56 BC the Triumvirate was renewed at the Lucca conference, in which the triumvirs agreed to share the Roman provinces between them; Caesar could keep Gaul for another five years, while Pompey received Hispania, and Crassus Syria. The latter embarked into an expedition against the Parthians to match Caesar's victories in Gaul, but died in the disastrous defeat of Carrhae in 53 BC.

The death of Crassus ended the Triumvirate, and left Caesar and Pompey facing each other; their relationship had already degraded after the death of Julia in 54 BC. Pompey then sided with the Optimates, the conservative faction opposed to the Populares—supported by Caesar—and actively fought Caesar in the senate. In 49 BC, once the conquest of Gaul complete, Caesar refused to release his legions and instead invaded Italy from the north by crossing the Rubicon with his army. The following civil war eventually led to Caesar's victory over Pompey at the Battle of Pharsalusin 48 BC and the latter's assassination in Ptolemaic Egypt where he fled after the battle. In 44 BC Caesar was assassinated in Rome and the following year his heir Octavian (later known as Augustus) formed the Second Triumvirate with Marcus Antonius and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus.
Herema

**Herema** is a minor character in the third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. She was a slave from Thrace who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Roman Republic in the Third Servile War. She was killed in 71 BC during the Battle of the Silarus River, the final battle of the rebellion.

## Background

### Early Life

Herema was born somewhere in western Thrace and taken into slavery when she was captured by Roman soldiers.
Marcus Pompo

**Marcus Pompo** is a minor character in the fifth season of ***Spartacus***. He was a Roman legionary under the command of Marcus Licinius Crassus during the Third Servile War, serving in the second cohort of the *Legio I Licinii Crassi*.

He would later serve as Centurion of the Legion's second cohort during Crassus' campaign against the Parthians, ultimately dying at the Battle of Carrhae with most of the *Legion I*.
Lucius Livinius Trypho

**Lucius Livinius Tryphon** was a Greek freedman and a former slave of a Lucius Livinius.

## Background

Trypho was born somewhere in Greece, and taken into slavery at some point in his youth.

Eventually he would gain his freedom, and as standard for a freedman, he adopted the first name and gens of his dominos, Lucius Livinius.

He remained in Rome for the rest of his life, finding work befitting that of a Greek freedman. He eventually became an acquaintance of senator Marcus Porcius Cato.
Hoplomachus

The **Hoplomachus** was a gladiator fighting style representing the Greek, Illyrian and Carthageenemies of Rome. The style was made to resemble a lightly armored spear fighter much like the Greek and Illyrian warriors, the Hoplite. It was needed to replace the Samnite class when it became 'politically incorrect' to portray such allies as enemies.

## Equipment

The Hoplomachus was armed similar to the Hopilite:

* Dory: A 7 or 8 foot long greek spear designed for thrusting.
* Pugio (dagger) or Gladius Graecus (short sword).
* Manica: Segmented cotton or metal armguard.
* Hoplon: A smaller iron version of the bronze Greek Aspis, worn on the arm.
* Falconum Cassis: Iron helmet that can have a falcon for decoration on the top of the helm.

## Style

This style suited men with long arms and heavy shoulders. Men of this style would normally be short with compact and well toned bodies.

The Hoplomachus would use his spear's great reach to try to strike down an enemy before they got the chance to fight back. Their spear would also allow them to jab at a defender's shield at range, wearing their opponent's arm and shoulder down and tiring them out before the kill.

If a Hoplomachus' spear was lost or their enemy got too close, they could switch to their sword for short range combat. This also gave them the advantage of being able to quickly switch range from mid (spear) to short (sword), a strategic luxury few other classes afforded.

This style was better fitted to constant attack rather than defending or using agility. Although their small shield afforded less protection than that of some other classes, their lighter equipment did not weigh them down as much and thus they would not tire easily as a more heavily armored opponent.

## Traditional Opponents

The Hoplomachus traditionally fought the enemies of Greece:

* Murmillo
* Thraex

## Notes

A **Hoplomachus** (pl. hoplomachi) (hoplon meaning "Equipment" in Greek) was a type of gladiator in ancient Rome, armed to resemble a Greek hoplite(soldier with heavy armor and helmet, a small, round, concave shield, a spear and a sword). The hoplomachus would wear a bronze helmet, a manica on his right arm, loincloth (subligaculum), heavy padding on his legs, and a pair of high greaves reaching to mid-thigh. His weapons were the spear and a short sword.[1] He was often pitted against the murmillo (armed like a Roman soldier), perhaps as a re-enactment of Rome's wars in Greece and the Hellenistic East.[2] The name hoplomachus means 'armored fighter'. The small, round shield, or hoplon, was as much a weapon as a sword or spear, not unlike the original hoplites (who carried a larger shield), who used it primarily for defensive purposes, but also employed it in their charges, using it to ram their opponents at the onset of a fight. They wear no shoes so the sand will chafe their feet and give them a challenge.

His usual opponent was the murmillo but he might fight the thraex in exceptional cases. Justus Lipsius conjectured that it was one of two designations of Samnite, and that Samnites were called hoplomachi when battling a Thracian, and a secutor when matched against retiarii.
Mocottius

**Mocottius** is a Recurring Character in the first, second, third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a Sicilian born Gladiator from the Ludus of Lentulus Batiatus in Capua.

In 73 BC, Mocottius aided his fellow Gladiators, including Spartacus, Crixus and Gannicus in escaping the Ludus, beginning the rebellion known as the Third Servile War.

Mocottius was ultimately killed in 71 BC during the Battle of the Silarus River, against the Legions led by Marcus Licinius Crassus.

## Background

### Early Life

Moccotius was born around 100 BC, on the island of Sicilia. As a child, Moccotius was brought to Rome, where he was sold to a wealthy Roman following Sulla's takeover. Moccotius was trained for several years as a *Pastores*, until he was sold to merchants who brought him to Capua. Afterwards, he was sold to *Lanista* Lentulus Batiatus, and brought to his Ludus to train as a Gladiator. Moccotius was one of the few of Batiatus' Gladiators to train in the style of Retiarius, fighting with a net and spear. To Batiatus' surprise, Moccotius became masterfully skilled in the style.

### Death

Moccotius would ultimately be killed while fleeing North with Spartacus' surviving forces, when they were ambushed by Pompey and his returning Legions near Etruria. Moccotius fought to the end, eventually being brought down by spears and arrows.

## Traits and Skills

* **Combat skill**: Having been trained as a Gladiator for a number of years, Mocottius was well experienced in hand-to-hand combat. In the Arena, he fought as a *Retiarius*.

## Personality

Moccotius was one of the more headstrong and determined rebels in Spartacus' army. This would stick with him until his death. Even though he chose loyalty to Spartacus over Crixus or Gannicus, the two still had respect for Moccotius

## Appearance

Moccotius was tall and with a strong build, one of the reasons he was trained as a Retiarius.
Thitheia

**Thitheia** is a major character in the first, second, third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. Born in Thrace, a member of the Maedi tribe, and wife of Spartacus. She was also a priestess of Dionysus.

She and Spartacus were enslaved in 75 BC after her husbands desertion from the Roman legions, and they were brought to Capua and sold to the Lanista Lentulus Batiatus. While her husband was trained as a Gladiator, Tresura worked in Batiatus' villa, attending his wife Aurelia.

In 73 BC Thitheia aided her husband and the other Gladiators escape from the Ludus. During Spartacus' rebellion, Iphinnia would grow a small cult of her own which

## Background

### Early Life

Thitheia was born in the Maedi tribe of Thrace along with her husband, later known as Spartacus to the Romans. At some point, Spartacus joined the Roman army, eventually deserting when the Romans were planning on marching on innocent Thracian tribes.

Both Thitheia and Spartacus were eventually caught and enslaved by Roman troops and taken to Italy.

Some say that, when Spartacus was taken to the slave-market in Rome, he fell asleep there, and a snake coiled itself upon his face. His wife, who had been enslaved with him, was a prophetess, a priestess of the frenzied cult of Dionysus. Seeing the snake on her husband's face, she declared that it was a lucky sign portending that Spartacus would grow powerful.

Thitheia and Spartacus were sold in 74 BC to a Lanista by the name of Lentulus Batiatus in Capua. Thitheia most likely worked in the kitchens to prepare food for the gladiators and Batiatus.

## Personality

Thitheia was very devout in her religion, and saw the rebellion as a miracle from Dionysus.

## Appearance

Thitheia was of average height, with long brown hair and brown eyes. Having been a follower of Dionysus, Tresura bore the tattoos of a Thracian priestess.

## Historical context

"Thitheia" is only the name given to Spartacus' wife in the show, Historically, it is said that Spartacus had a wife, who like him was also Thracian, and was enslaved with him, having been sold supposedly to Batiatus with him in Capua. Her name is never mentioned, but what is known is that she was a priestess, most likely of Dionysus, an important god in 1st century BC Thrace, and an important god of Roman slaves, representing freedom.

## Trivia

* While her name and most of her story in the series is fictionalised, *Historical figure* will still be added to this pages categories.
Klathotus

**Klathotus** is a recurring character in the second, third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a slave from Dacia who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans.

He was killed in 71 BC during the Battle of the Silarus River.

## Traits and Skills

* **Combat skill**: As an experienced *Pastores*, Klathotus was well experienced in hand to hand combat. These skills would help him survive until the final battle against Crassus.
* Bilingual: Klathotus was fluent in both his native Dacian as well as Latin.
Thoemia

**Thoemia** is a minor character in the third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. She was a slave from Greece who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans. She was killed in 71 BC during the Battle of Cantenna.

She was the lover of Ichontus, who was killed during the Battle of Brundisium.

## Traits and Skills

* **Bilingual**: Thoemia was fluent in both her native Greek, as well as Latin.
Drasbus

**Drasbus** is a recurring character in the first, second, third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a Gladiator from Numidia who escaped from the ludus of Lentulus Batiatus to join Spartacus, and joined his rebellion against Rome. He was killed in 71 BC during the Battle of the Silarus River.

## Background

### Early Life

Drasbus was born somewhere in southern Numidia, and brought into slavery as an adolescent when he was captured and sold to the Cilician pirates. As a young adult, Drasbus was sold to Lanista, Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Batiatus, and brought to his Ludus in Capua, and trained as a Gladiator.

## Traits and Skills

* **Combat skill**: Drasbus was an incredibly skilled fighter, having trained as a Gladiator for over a decade. He was well skilled with a spear, having used similar weaponry as a Retiarius. Throughout the rebellion, he fought mainly with a Roman Pilum and Scutum, only occasionally using a Gladius
* **Bilingual**: Drasbus spoke both Old Libyan and Latin. He could also understand several sentences in Greek
Ploios

**Ploios** is a minor character in the third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. He was a Greek born slave who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans.

He was killed in 71 BC during the Battle of Potentia, under Spartacus' command.

## Traits and Skills

* **Combat skill**: As a former *Pastores*, Ploios was well skilled in hand-to-hand combat, having used these skills to defend his dominus' stock from bandits and wild animals.
* **Bilingual**: Ploios could speak Greek and Latin, using both to communicate with many of the rebels.
Publius Cassanus Bullo

**Publius Cassanus Bullo** is a Mentioned Character in the third season of ***Spartacus***.

He was a Roman Magistrate living in the city of Sinuessa in 72 BC. That year, Spartacus and his rebel army sieged the city, sacking it and killing off most Romans living there, including Bullo and his wife.

## Personality

Like most Romans, Bullo ignored Spartacus' rebellion, believing an army of slaves was nothing to worry about.
Nocynia

**Nocynia** is a minor character in the second, third and fourth seasons of ***Spartacus***. She was a Greek born slave who later joined Spartacus' rebellion. As a non-combatant, Nocynia joined the cult of Spartacus' wife, Tresura.

After the Battle of Mutina in 72 BC, Nocynia was among the few dozen rebels who attempted to cross the Alps.
Peculium

A **Peculium** (plural *Peculia*) in Roman law, was the savings and/or property of a Paterfamilias' son or slave, with their consent

## Trivia

* The English word Peculiar comes from Latin **peculiaris**, an adjective meaning "privately owned" or "special" that is derived from the word for "property," peculium.
Temessa

**Temessa** is a minor character in the second and third season of ***Spartacus***. She was a slave from Phoenicia who was later freed by Spartacus in 73 BC, and joined his rebellion, ultimately dying in 72 BC during the Battle of Mount Garganus.

## Background

### Early Life

Temessa was born in Phoenicia and taken into slavery when her town was attacked and burned down by the romans. taken to Italy, she was then sold to a roman living in Capua.
Numidia

**Numidia** was an ancient Berber kingdom in modern-day Algeria and a smaller part of western Tunisia in North Africa. Numidia is first recorded in history as divided between two related tribal federations, the Maesulians in the east, and Masaesyli in the west. The Masaesylian king Massinissa allied with Rome during the Second Punic War, and, with Roman assistance, conquered the Maesulians, forming Numidia into one kingdom. The loss of their Maesulian allies deprived Carthage of its best source of cavalry, the Berber tribesmen making superb light horsemen, and contributed greatly to Carthage's great general Hannibal's loss at the Battle of Zama in 202 B.C., ending the war in Carthaginian defeat. Numidia profited from the alliance with Rome, annexing a number of Carthaginian cities in north Africa in the aftermath of the Second Punic War, and providing the instigation of the Third Punic War, ending in Carthage's utter destruction, by ongoing conquest of other Carthaginian towns and cities.
Sextus Flivius

**Sextus Flivius** is a Minor Character in the fourth season of ***Spartacus***. He was a Roman Centurion under the command of Pro-Consul Gaius Cassius Longinus Varus during 72 BC, serving in the third Cohort of the *Legio I Gallia Cisalpina*.

## Traits and Skills

* **Combat skill**: As a seasoned Centurion, Flivius was well experienced in hand to hand combat.
Pourippia

**Pourippia** is a Minor Character in the third, fourth and fifth seasons of ***Spartacus***. She was a Greek born slave who later joined Spartacus' rebellion against the Romans.

In 71 BC, after the Battle of the Silarus River, Pourippia was quickly captured and crucified along the Appian Way, on the order of Marcus Licinius Crassus.

## Traits and Skills

* **Combat skill**: While initially untrained in combat, Pourippia was trained in the skill of archery alongside hundreds of other rebels.
Pastores Revolt

The **Pastores Revolt** was a short lived slave rebellion located in the Apulia region of Italia, between 186 to 185 BC.

## History

Led mainly by slave shepherds (*Pastores*), the revolt happened as a result of the rapid spread of Bacchanalic worship (the worship of Bacchus, known to Greeks and Thracians as Dionysus).

It is unknown how many Pastores and their followers revolted, or if the revolt spread outside of the Apulia region, but it was eventually defeated. This revolt, alongside other smaller revolts, and the widespread fear of conspiracies, forced the senate to pass the *Senatus consultum de Bacchanalibus.* This decree limited Dionysian worship in the Republic.
Pilum

The **Pilum** was a long spear from Roman origin, measuring around two meters long and ending with a pyramidal iron head. The Pilum was designed mainly for use as a throwing weapon, though it was also used effectively as a defensive weapon, especially when in close formation with other Pilum-carrying soldiers. The Pilum was able to remain stuck in the shield of the apponent, and it caused the enemy to usually drop their shield.
Lucius Tillius Cimber

**Lucius Tillius Cimber** is a minor character in the fifth season of ***Spartacus***. He was a Roman military tribune under the command of Marcus Licinius Crassus in the Third Servile War.

Following Spartacus' rebellion, Cimber would become a senator, and in 44 BC, was one of the senators involved in Julius Caesar's assassination. He was killed in 42 BC, possibly dying in the Battle of Philippi along with Brutus and Cassius.

## Trivia

* Nothing is known about Cimber before his involvement in Caesar's assassination in 44 BC. His inclusion as one of Crassus' military tribunes is a fictional inclusion. As Romans had to be of at least 30 years of age to become senators, Cimber would have been born during or before 74 BC, making his age in 44 BC unclear historically.
Gnaeus Pollius Vicricius

**Gnaeus Pollius Vicricius** was a Roman nobleman and a supporter of Marcus Licinius Crassus. He was the dominus of Nylius, and many other slaves who later joined Spartacus' rebellion in 73 BC.

## Background

### Early Life

Vicricius would discover that another slave was pregnant with Nylius' child. The next day, he ordered the slave to drink Silphium, believing having a child would cause Nylius to neglect his duties.

### Third Servile War

Following the Battle of the Silarus River in 71 BC, Vicricius was among the Roman nobles who wished to reclaim some of the slaves who had joined Spartacus' rebellion. Unfortunately, Crassus had already decided to crucify any and all captured rebels following Pompey's return to Rome.

### Later life

Following the war, Vicricius would eventually purchase more slaves, but would also enforce stricter discipline and forbade any of his slaves from interacting with each other.
Gaius Rutius

**Gaius Rutius** is a minor character in the fifth season of ***Spartacus***. He was a Roman legionary under the command of Marcus Licinius Crassus during the Third Servile War.

Following the Battle of Ariminum, after fleeing under Mummius' command, Rutius was among the fifty men decimated in 71 BC, by Crassus' command.

## Background

### Early Life

Rutius was born in Rome in 101 BC, and at the age of eighteen, enlisted in the Roman armies, in 83 BC. He was set to be enlisted into the legions which Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus had raised, but the latter wished to raise them with his own fathers veterans instead. Rutius would remain in Rome for the next ten years, usually serving as a guardsman for a number of patrician families, including the family of the young Gaius Cassius Longinus.

### Third Servile War

In late 71 BC, Rutius was conscripted into one of the new legions that Marcus Licinius Crassus raised to face the rebel Gladiator Spartacus and his slave army, after they had defeated the consuls Cornelius Lentulus and Gellius Publicola.

When Marcus Licinius Crassus was granted command to defeat Spartacus and his army, Rutius was conscripted into the Legio V Latium, into its First Cohort.

### Death

Rutius was among the first five hundred legionaries to return to Crassus' encampment. Having fled from the battle, he and the other five hundred men were rounded up, presented before Crassus' entire army. He and the others would be punished through decimation. The men divided into fifty groups of ten men each. From there, he and the other nine men drew from a bag of lots, and unfortunately, Rutius drew the shortest lot.

Rutius was beaten to death by the other nine men in his group. Along with him, forty nine other men were killed through decimation, and from there, Crassus succeeded in showing that he was more dangerous than Spartacus to his legions, and that cowardice and flight from battle was no longer an option.

## Personality

While displaying the typical attitudes of a Roman, he ultimately proved himself a coward against Spartacus and his army. During decimation however, he partly accepted his fate, asking the men who beat him to death to save themselves, and fight to the end against Spartacus.