Maned Wolf

## Description

The Maned wolf gets its name from its mane, which stands erect when danger is sensed. Its long reddish-brown hair covers its body, with its mouth, back, and tail being black. Sometimes the tip of the tail, the chin, and throat are white. Its legs are almost black, and their length enables the wolf to see over the long grass while it runs.

## Distribution

Maned wolves make their home in central South America, extending from north-eastern Brazil, west into Peru, and south through Paraguay. They also live in parts of Argentina and Bolivia, and possibly Uruguay. These animals prefer open habitats such as tall grasslands, low-scrub parts of forests edges, and sometimes swampy areas. In Brazil, they live in the cerrado, a big area of savanna and open woodland, one of the world's principal "hot-spots" of biodiversity. Maned wolves can also be found in riparian forests, wet fields and plantations.

## Behavior

The Maned wolf is not a social animal and does not live in a pack. They are nocturnal, hunting only at dusk and during the night. They hardly ever move about during the day. They have three types of communication: a high-pitched whine, a low growl, and a "roar-bark," a low, guttural bark for communicating over long distances. They are shy and timid and pose little or no threat to men. A Maned wolf marks its territory with the strong odor of its urine, a warning to other animals to stay away.

## Diet

Maned wolves are omnivores. They eat small and medium-sized prey, such as small mammals, rodents, birds, and fish. Much of their diet, perhaps over 50%, also includes vegetable matter, such as sugarcane, tubers, and fruits.

## Reproduction

Maned wolves are monogamous and mate for life. A male and female will share a territory but only come together during the mating season, from November to April. Male and female together find a den to house the pups. The males protect their den while the pups are being born. The gestation period is 60 to 65 days, and a litter consists of 2 to 6 pups, having black fur and weighing about 450 g (16 oz). They are fully grown at one year old. During their first year, they rely on their parents to provide food.

## Population

### Population threats

The main threat to this species is loss of habitat and fragmentation, with grasslands being converted to farmland for crops grazing purposes. Road accidents cause a number of deaths, particularly to younger animals. Domestic dogs can spread diseases to the wolves, and chase and attack them.

### Population number

According to IUCN, as of 2005, the Maned wolf population was estimated at 17,000 mature individuals, including 15,849 in Brazil, 613 in Paraguay, 487 in Argentina and less than 1,000 in Bolivia. The ICUN classifies the maned wolf as "Near Threatened".

## Fun Facts

The Maned wolf is also called "skunk wolf" due to the strong smell of its territorial markings.

Leafcutter ants use the dung of maned wolves to fertilize their fungus gardens.

Maned wolves look clumsy when walking due to their limbs moving almost together as if they were cycling.

The Maned wolf's long legs help it to sight its prey. They often scrape the carcasses of their prey with their teeth.

A mating pair of wolves claims a territorial area of 27-30 square km and marks crisscrossed paths with urine.

Males and females both use urine to communicate, for example, they mark a hunting path or where prey is buried with urine.