Republic of Krameria

The **Republic of Krameria** is a democratic republic located on an island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Located between the Hawaiian islands, Central America, South America, and the Polynesian islands, Krameria first developed a government system in 2106, a republican government system in 2114, and has since undergone a total of six republics. Its current government is the **Sixth Republic of Krameria,** having existed since 2304.

## Early Kramerian History

Krameria was initially populated in 2104, when many Americans became worried that World War IV would devolve into nuclear war. While they were branded as conspiracy theorists, a few thousand subscribed to this conspiracy theory, and thus populated the island. Seeing that the island would devolve into conflict itself over competition for resources, Benjamin Kramer called forth a convention to establish a societal structure.

It was established that any citizen could partake in a national Assembly of Citizens. The Assembly would elect a President, who would both preside over the Assembly and enforce the naiton's laws. If the President refused to enforce national laws, the Assembly of Citizens could remove him at any point; there would be a Vice President (chosen by the President with the approval of the Assembly) during times of No Confidence. The Vice President would not immediately inherit office, however, as there would be a snap election to fill a President's replacement.

Presiding over the convention, Kramer signed the Constitution and ratified it on January 6, 2106. A month later, that year's Presidential election would be held. In it, Alexander Intel would successfully win the Presidency for a two-year term. Following the election, Krameria would attempt socialist policy, as advocated for by President Intel. In mid-2106, however, conservatives wanting to keep their resources would fight this. Thus, progressives compromised with this faction of conservatives, saying that citizens could opt into a resource share, yet that some citizens could maintain control over their resources (so long as they did not steal from others).

Intel won re-election in 2108. Thus, he would serve four years in office. On his decision to step down, John Kungfuguy would take his place. Kungfuguy was a conservative advocate, who was a main leader in creating the Resource Compromise. Kungfuguy served one full term in office and was elected to serve for a second. On September 26, 2110, however, his Presidency would be cut short and he would be killed from the nuke that hit Krameria during Doomsday...

## Post-Doomsday

Doomsday obliterated Krameria's population. While there were thousands of Kramerians upon the nation's founding, the nuke reduced the nation to only a few hundred. Since there was only one nuke, damage to the Kramerian population was minimal compared to other nations, yet the radiation wreaked its own havoc on the island. With no way out, Kramerians began dying from disease. By 2114, only 40 Kramerians remained.

On February 17, 2114, American reconnaissance Commander Thomas Romulus discovered the island while charting out the globe. Although instructed to report his surroundings to the high command, Romulus looked at Krameria and thought he possessed an opportunity. Seizing the island, Romulus established contact with the locals and proclaimed the land to be under his Ownership. Having no choice, the locals complied with Romulus.

Upon seizing the land, Romulus developed a Constitution akin to what he saw in the United States. He named himself Owner of the land, and enshrined a provision in the Constitution granting the Owner absolute power over the government. Hearing what the locals were saying, he entitled this nation the "Republic of Krameria" to account for what the island was named. Upon the Constitution being established, Romulus called for emergency snap elections, with polls being managed by his reconnaissance unit.

## Romulan Republic

### Romulus's Expansion

Upon gaining control of Krameria, Romulus knew it needed more resources than it could produce to survive. Using his American military unit, Romulus began stealing from nearby nations. He started with South America and Mexico, and established "Kramerian Military Occupations" in land he was exploiting. He largely oppressed locals, and told them "Their pain could end if they migrated to Krameria." Thus, they many of them did.

In the early going, this strategy of warmongering would prove effective for Romulus. Although corrupt and oppressive, he was building his nation. This would change, however, when Romulus launched a raid on Hawaii. Although no longer the President of the United States, Benjamin Atwood took offense to the fact that "American territory was attacked by traitors". Thus, Atwood commenced a private military campaign to invade Krameria in 2118.

### Atwood's War & The First Kramerian Civil War

Because Atwood led a private military force, rather than the military of the United States, Atwood and the Romulan Republic were fairly evenly matched. It additionally helped that the Kramerian military was fighting on its own terrain, whereas Atwood's military was invading. With that said, however, Atwood's campaign did outnumber the Kramerians.

While the war was underway, many individuals in the Kramerian Military Occupations were fleeing to Krameria proper as a means of escaping Romulus's oppression. When in Krameria, they began informing the locals of what was happening in secret. Horrified, original Kramerians decided to take action. In March of 2119, former President Intel (having survived the nuke) organized a revolt against Romulus. By April 2, they seized a sizable chunk of the Kramerian island and established the "Free Republic of Krameria."

On seeing the Free Republic form, Kramerian President George Kramer, son of Founder Benjamin Kramer, approached President Intel in an attempt to negotiate. On hearing what the President did, Romulus would become enraged and call for an emergency Congressional meeting while President Kramer was away negotiating. During this meeting, Romulus would seize power directly from the Speaker of Congress to preside himself. By the end of an intense session, Romulus successfully coerced Congress to impeach. Following this, he would force a referendum through that scholars now agree was rigged.

Additionally, Romulus ordered his soldiers to apprehend Kramer on his return. As they did so, Romulus would order Kramer executed.

Kramer's successor, President John Ross, was a staunch Romulus supporter. Selected by President Kramer to bridge the gap between Romulus's soldiers and native Kramerians, Ross was a soldier who worked closely with Romulus, and thus carried out his bidding. On taking office, Ross issued an executive order creating internment camps for all who opposed Romulus, in addition to those who waged war against him. He additionally directed the military's attention to exclusively take out the Free Republic, as opposed to Atwood's invasion.

Ross was effective in defeating the Free Republic. By 2120, the last territory of the Free Republic was captured, and the Free Republicans were sent into exile. All prisoners of the Free Republic were sent to the Ross Internment Camps, as were any others who posed a threat to Romulus. While Ross was directing the military to suppress the Free Republic, however, he neglected to counter Atwood's force. While Atwood's forces lost the vast majority of their battles thus far, their superior numbers gave them stamina. Now that the Kramerian forces were additionally spread thin, Atwood had an opportunity to secure decisive victories. Thus, within that year, Atwood's forces successfully retook Hawaii.

Following this, they turned their attention to the Kramerian Military Occupations in Mexico and South America. In 2121, the Occupations were largely diminished, and Atwood's forces were now ready to turn their attention onto Krameria itself...Seeing that the destruction of the nation was upon them, Congressmen would finally take action against President Ross. When Congress impeached, both Vice President Charles Romulus and Thomas Romulus himself recognized that Ross had gone too far, having received counsel from Congressman Frederick Lan to remove him from office.

On taking the Presidency, Charles Romulus immediately appointed Frederick Lan as Vice President, before entering peace talks with Atwood. In the agreement, Krameria would not be able to expand its borders and/or annex any territory. Additionally, they would have to pay war reparations to Benjamin Atwood directly. The peace agreement was ratified in March of 2121, thus seeing Atwood's War conclude.

### Rise of the Liberals

Following Atwood's War, President Charles Romulus dissolved the Ross Internment Camps and let all Romulus opposition leave. Because of this, they were now more able to partake in the democratic process. Since most of Krameria's population was filled with immigrants forced to flee to Krameria due to Thomas Romulus's corruption, there was largely dissent toward Romulus in Krameria; and the masses prepared to act.

Gloria Orthosie, an original Kramerian who did not join the Free Republic, convened the first Liberal National Convention in 2121, and worked with other Romulus dissenters to come to a much-needed platform for Krameria. Essentially, they wished to abolish Article II of the Constitution, which granted Romulus complete control over the government. Additionally, they wanted to institute other democratic reforms, such as a bill of rights and ranked choice voting system.

On the campaign trail, the most ardent opposition to Romulus would be James Cosmical and Alexander Plotonia. These two individuals would lead and aid the campaigns of many Liberals. In 2122, the Liberals would take both a Congressional majority, and would elect James Cosmical to the Presidency.

On seeing that the Kramerian government now opposed him, Romulus would limit the sessions Congress could conduct. He prevented them from convening, and thus prevented their agenda from passing. In response to this, Congressional Speaker Alexander Plotonia would organize Congressional conventions in a different building, which Congressional Liberals attended. Additionally, President Cosmical stated that he would enforce anything the Liberals passed.

Meanwhile, Romulus would not give up. He stated that because Congress had not officially convened, they had not officially passed anything. Thus, the laws were illegitimate, as were any attempts to enforce the laws. Liberals took to the streets to protest this, while Plotonia, on behalf of the Liberal Party, sued Romulus in court. The resulting case would see the court rule that Article II did not give the Owner the power to prevent Congress from convening, and that Congress's laws were therefore indeed in effect. Romulus proceeded to appeal this ruling to himself, saying that Article II actually gave *him* judicial powers. On receiving this case, Romulus wrote a decree which ruled in favor of himself. Thus, the military proceeded to enforce Romulus's ruling over Plotonia's.

The Liberals' fight against Romulus would end following the Midterm Election of 2124. To counter the Liberal Movement, Romulus supporters formed their own coalition known as the "Protectionist Party", whose goal was to protect the Owner and Article II. In 2124, Protectionists obtained a Congressional majority. Reportedly, this Midterm Election had lower turnout of Romulus-dissenting demographics than in the 2122 General Election. Yet Romulus certified this election as legitimate and inaugurated the Protectionist Congressmen.

On winning the election, Charles Romulus would reprise his role as Speaker of Congress. The first thing he and the Protectionists prioritized was the impeachment of President Cosmical. Although all Liberals vehemently opposed this, Protectionists successfully passed the Articles on the basis of Cosmical enforcing "illegitimate laws". Before the impeachment referendum could properly take hold, Cosmical presented an outraged speech in which he stated "Kramerian democracy is non-existent!", and that the federal government could not fix the nation.

### Jackson Administration

President Cosmical's successor, Adam Jackson, was a moderate Liberal. Although Jackson opposed Article II, he did not support other reforms the Liberals wanted to institute, such as a bill of rights and/or Alternative Voting. Thus, he served as an effective puppet for Protectionists to maintain their agenda.

Meanwhile, the Liberal Party was now split on how they should handle their failure. Cosmical led a faction which argued that the federal government was Romulus's puppet, and that bolstering the state governments was the only way to progress the nation forward. Meanwhile, Plotonia maintained that national change had to occur on the national level. He therefore decided to continue his endeavors in national candidacies, especially since he was still a Congressman. Neither would pursue the Presidency.

### Brit Administration

In the 2126 General Election, Protectionist nominee Samuel Brit successfully won the Presidency by a sizable margin. Seeing the ever-increasing divide between Liberals and Protectionists, he promised his Presidency to be one of bipartisanship. To enforce this, he ran with Adam Jackson as his running mate. One week into his Presidency, however, it was discovered that Jackson embezzled money during his time as President, Congress would swiftly impeach Jackson.

Still aiming to be bipartisan, President Brit nominated Cosmical to the Vice Presidency. Congress proceeded to reject this nomination, with Speaker Charles Romulus saying Cosmical was "Public Enemy Number 1." Brit then attempted to appoint his former electoral opponent, Liberal Michael Alban, to the position. Following Congress's rejection of this nomination, Speaker Romulus requested to speak with Brit directly. Charles Romulus stated that if Brit did not select his and Thomases' younger cousin, Theodore Romulus, as his Vice President, Congress would pass impeachment charges. Outraged, President Brit initially refused to comply with their demands, saying that he would not kowtow to Congress in the name of partisanship.

As President Brit continued refusing the demands, Congress's efforts became more and more intense. After three weeks of Brit refusing to nominate Theodore Romulus, Congress passed the "Vice President Act", which stated that if the President could not successfully confirm a Vice President to office after a month, Congress could directly appoint a Vice President. President Brit vetoed this bill, yet Congress successfully overturned it with a 2/3 majority. Plotonia filed a court case on the basis that no Constitutional provision granted Congress the ability to do this, yet the bill was already instituted; and with their bill, Congress successfully confirmed Theodore Romulus as Vice President.

Following this, Congress impeached Brit. Seeing this, Brit had enough, and declared martial law in an attempt to salvage any attempt at Presidential control he could. In response to this, Congress overturned his declaration and passed impeachment charges. President Brit would subsequently be removed from office roughly six weeks after he entered, by what scholars agree to be another rigged referendum.

### Fall of the Romulan Republic

On taking office, President Romulus named former President Ross as his Vice President. He did so out of support for the Ross Internment Camps, and announced that since Krameria was no longer at war, he would bring them back. Theodore Romulus additionally proceeded to declare martial law and institute the "Romulus Supremacy Act", which declared the "Romulus Dynasty" as superior to all others. Although the unconstitutional titles created by this act are no longer recognized by historians, the Romulus Supremacy Act additionally deemed Thomas Romulus as King, and all other Romulus family members as royalty. Those who supported Romulus were deemed "First Class Subjects", whereas those who opposed Romulus were deemed "Intolerables".

With this, the Protectionist Party split in two. Some would form a breakaway faction known as the "Republican Party", which aimed to conserve Article II, yet opposed what Theodore Romulus was doing. Meanwhile, the remaining Protectionist Party supported Theodore Romulus's actions. In Congress, the Liberals and Republicans now possessed a joint majority, and thus impeached President Romulus. Unlike Presidents Kramer and Brit, however, Theodore Romulus suspiciously maintained his position by a margin of 2% (with 51% voting to acquit).

Directly following this referendum, poll-worker Ninaad Rockstar came forward with shocking news: Thomas Romulus was ordering certain removal votes to be discarded, so that President Theodore Romulus would not be removed. On hearing this revelation, this was the final straw. The State of Delmont declared independence on May 3, 2126 under the aegis of James Cosmical, who was now the state's Governor. Meanwhile, Republican Governor Justin DeWitt of Dovania met with notorious rioter Antonio ElConvict to organize a riot that would free Romulus-dissenters from the internment camps. On May 13, 2126, the Dovania State Guard and ElConvict rioters successfully stormed "Camp 1", in which Alexander Plotonia, Frederick Lan, Samuel Brit, and Michael Alban were kept. On breaching the security, the rioters were successful. DeWitt, ElConvict, and Rockstar greeted the Romulus-dissenting leaders in an event that became known as "The Democratic Unification." The political and riot leaders would now act as one.

## The People's Uprising/Second Kramerian Civil War

Two after DeWitt and ElConvicts' Riot, the eight leaders created a plan: It was time to overthrow the Romulan Republic for good and establish a new government for the people. Samuel Brit would be unanimously elected President of this new revolution, and would assume political leadership. Meanwhile, Alexander Plotonia would be Executor of the Revolution; he would be responsible for both capturing Romulus-controlled territory and rebuilding territory damaged during the conflict. President Brit selected DeWitt as his Vice President. Meanwhile, Plotonia appointed ElConvict as Lead General of the Armed Revolution, Cicero as Head of Infrastructure Reconstruction, and Frederick Lan as Head of Democratic Reconstruction. Both the new government and operative revolution additionally agreed to place Rockstar as Head of Polls.

With that, the People's Uprising was underway. Soon after the Uprising commenced, the Revolutionaries swept control over most of Dovania, thus relegating Romulus to the Kramerian capital and Dolicha. On seeing the Uprising commence, Owner Thomas Romulus enacted the full powers Article II vested in him. He removed all government officials, except for President Theodore Romulus, from office, and ceased all electoral activity. He would additionally appoint Charles Romulus as "Chief Advisor to the Owner", so that the two brothers could keep their cousin in check if they got out of hand.

### Delmontian Affairs

Thomas Romulus's next move was to organize a deal with the State of Delmont. Essentially, he agreed to grant Delmont independence if Governor Cosmical promised aid to the Romulan Republic. Cosmical agreed, and the "Treaty of Delmont City" was ratified in late 2126. Meanwhile, unaware of the treaty, Executor Plotonia thought his old political ally could use his free state to benefit the People's Uprising. Thus, Plotonia struck a deal with Cosmical that would see Delmont and the People's Krameria mutually protect each other during the war.

Soon, however, both the Romulan Republic and People's Krameria noticed that Delmontian soldiers were fighting the both of them. This became especially uncanny during the Battle of Merkie, in which Delmontian soldiers primarily fought other Delmontian soldiers. Upon noticing this revelation, both sides turned their attacks to Delmont. Cosmical fled the Kramerian island, and by November of 2126, the Delmontian government was non-existent.

For their efforts in the Uprising, Dovania was given a large section of eastern Delmont. Meanwhile, not wanting Krameria to be composed of only two states, the revolutionaries established a new state that would inhabit Delmont's west. The state was called "Arcadia" out of recognition for the largest city in the area.

### Battle of Romaria

After a year of fighting, the Revoluationaries were poised to launch an assault on the Kramerian capital: The City of Romaria. General ElConvict was to directly lead this assault himself, and would be accompanied by a Dovanian commando force led by Vice President DeWitt. The resulting Battle of Romaria would be the largest battle in the People's Uprising, and what most historians agree to be the most important in the entire war. During the battle, the Revolutionaries successfully reached the Presidential Mansion and captured Theodore Romulus. Meanwhile, both Thomas and Charles Romulus attempted to flee the city, yet were both captured by the Revolutionary army. Following its capture, the revolutionary Congress passed a law renaming the city to "Fortitude." It would additionally be kept as federal land until the conclusion of the war.

Historians largely consider this battle to be the conclusion of the Romulan Republic. While some use the term "People's Uprising" to describe the entirety of the war, others claim that the People's Uprising only refers to the fight against Romulus, and from June 6, 2127 onward, Krameria was simply undergoing the remainder of the "Second Kramerian Civil War". Although the Romulan military was still operational after this battle, neither Thomas nor Theodore Romulus would have any way of controlling it. Thus, there was largely a power-vacuum in the army, and individual military leaders would need to instate martial law over their respective territory.

### Birth of Latomé

Following the Battle of Romaria, many Romulan units began surrendering, especially given the passage of the Progressive Justice Act, which gave them essentially no punishment as long as they did indeed surrender. Despite this, many Romulan soldiers thought they would seize more power by continuing their fight. Thus, they would continue clinging to land, particularly in Dolicha. Seeing this, local Uprising-friendly Dolicha municipalities organized with General ElConvict a campaign to retake the vast majority of the state. After a year, the Uprising army and Dolichan commoners were successful, relegating Romulan forces to pockets of the state. December 7, 2128 is known as "Unity Day", and is celebrated as the day in which the People's Krameria controlled all three states.

In celebration of the unity, Dolichans took it upon themselves to reform their state. During the Romulan Republic, it was well-known that Thomas Romulus's son, Thomas Romulus II, left Krameria under unknown circumstances, and that anyone who spoke of him mysteriously disappeared. It was largely theorized among Liberals and other populists that Thomas Romulus Sr. was having them murdered and/or imprisoned, so as to diminish critical thinking on the matter. In recognition of this, the Dolichans renamed their state to "Latomé", so as to celebrate the fact that they could speak of Thomas Romulus Jr. again.

On being created, Frederick Lan helped Latomé develop a new Constitution. The Latomites decided to institute direct democracy, as seen in Early Krameria. Those who joined the Latomé assembly were called the "Latomé Peers", so as to signify that they were governing alongside their fellow equals, who were working toward their same goal.

### Romulan Terrorists

Following the "Fall of Dolicha" as Romulan soldiers called the campaign, the remaining forces changed their tactics. By this point, they were far weaker than General ElConvict's army, meaning any attempt to retain long-term control of territory would result in defeat by the People's Krameria. Because of this, the remaining Romulan forces changed their tactics and would use a terroristic approach. They would capture municipalities with minimal defenses, reap their riches, and flee before ElConvict's army could successfully defeat them. While it did not help them overthrow the People's Krameria, they would live in their territory despite them. Because these were soldiers initially fighting for the Romulan Republic, they were known as "Romulan Terrorists". Their tactics would become widespread in 2129.

The Romulan Terrorists would maintain activity in Krameria for two years, until the last military leader, Major David Robertson, surrendered to the People's Krameria in 2131. After five years, the Second Kramerian Civil War had concluded, with no remnants of the Romulan Republic left.

## The People's Krameria

### Constitutional Reforms

While the People's Uprising took its course, the new government would manage domestic affairs. President Brit issued an executive order calling for a Constitutional Convention in late May of 2126, and specified that he and Executor Plotonia would be part. Ninaad Rockstar would also be present, so as to mediate any disputes between the government and revolutionary army. Six months later, the Convention produced a Constitution that Congress accepted and a national referendum ratified into effect.

The new Constitution produced a variety of democratic reforms, the most influential of which were those that the Liberal Party fought for during the Romulan Republic. Not only were Ownership provisions gone, but Alternative Voting was instituted all elections, as was Plotonia's Declaration of Rights. The Kramerian populists had achieved their ambitions in addition to an official government for their nation.

### Conservatives V. Social Democrats

Six months following the Constitution's ratification, the first elections in the People's Krameria were held in January of 2127. During the buildup to the election, prominent original Kramerian and Free Republican politician, Andrew West, returned to Krameria and founded the "Social Democratic Party". The party's platform largely advocated for Progressive ideology, stating that Thomas Romulus's actions displayed the flaws of capitalism and private ownership. Thus, their main agenda was to institute a "land distribution program", which would regulate who received which land in Krameria.

President Brit alleged that this infringed on the Kramerian people's right to private property. Thus, in response to the Social Democratic movement, he formed his own "Conservative Party", whose main goal was to preserve capitalism and property rights. While Social Democrats alleged private property was consolidated in one private citizen under Thomas Romulus, thus creating a private monopoly, Brit and the Conservatives alleged that Romulus was the state; thus, Article II promoted monarchy and state-controlled land, rather than capitalism.

In 2127's election, Social Democrats secured a Congressional plurality. Andrew West, however, lost to President Brit in the Presidential Election. Thus, Congress and the Presidency possessed opposing legislative agendas. Seeing this, Congressional Speaker Plotonia, having joined the Social Democratic Party, met with President Brit to establish a compromise regarding land distribution. That year, they successfully established the "Right to Land Act", which stated that any Kramerian citizen too poor to buy land, and who requested land ownership, needed to be provided with an acre by the federal government. The federal government would additionally be able to buy land from both private entities and states, to in turn give to these citizens.

### Malice Toward None Act

Additionally in 2127, the Romulan Republic would fall for good, thus leaving its remaining territory under the control of military warlords. In response to this, many in the People's Krameria concluded that their main enemy was defeated, and that it was now time for peaceful reunification. These individuals would be known as "restorationists", and would make up a large portion of Congress. Notable restorationists included Alexander Plotonia, Frederick Lan, Justin DeWitt, and Marcus Cicero.

In June of 2127, the restorationists proposed the "Malice Toward None Act", which would essentially mandate a pardon for any Romulan soldier who surrendered and joined the People's Krameria. Debate surrounding this bill would be tense, as Congress was seemingly equally divided on the issue. Notably, Michael Alban and Ninaad Rockstar dissented to the act's provisions. The final Congressional vote came down to 15-15. With this, Vice President DeWitt broke the tie in favor of the bill. President Brit, however, vetoed it.

Going once again to compromise with President Brit, Plotonia and DeWitt formed a compromise which would essentially alleviate punishments Romulan soldiers would face, yet which would mandate certain hours of community service. Although hesitant, President Brit signed this version of the bill, now entitled the "Progressive Justice Act."

Following the act's passage, large portions of the Romulan army would indeed come forth with peace offerings to the People's Krameria. As per the Progressive Justice Act, they would be welcomed into the nation, and would largely be effective in rebuilding the wartorn republic.

Once the Romulan Terrorists sprung up, however, restorationists would once again promote the original Malice Toward None Act. This would see restorationists win a majority in the Midterm Election of 2129. The Restorationists would form their own party, which citizens could join alongside one of the economic parties (Conservatives, Liberals, or Social Democrats). President Brit still refused to sign the bill. Because Restorationists lacked 2/3 of Congress, their bill would fail.

Seeing President Brit's refusal to sign the bill, the Latomé government took matters into their own hands. They passed the "Latomé Amnesty Act", which stated any soldier who surrendered to the Latomé government would be granted amnesty. In response to this, President Brit himself met with key proponents of this bill to work out a compromise. On hearing that the only way was to sign the Malice Toward None Act into effect, President Brit proceeded to do so.

Following President Brit's signature of the Malice Toward None Act, the last remnants of the Romulan Republic were dissolved by 2131.

### Election of 2131

Following the signing of the Malice Toward None Act, the Restorationist Party dissolved. The only parties left were the economic parties, those being the Conservative Party, Social Democratic Party, and Liberal Party, which had now taken a moderate approach to economics. Following the People's Uprising/Second Kramerian Civil War, there was additional dispute over what to do with ElConvict's military; especially since ElConvict himself had officially retired in 2131.

President Brit argued that the military needed to be kept, saying that Krameria was a nation that needed to defend itself. Meanwhile, Social Democrats would advocate for reducing military spending in favor of spending more money on reconstruction; they stated that the war had only just ended, and that there was still more work to be done for rebuilding. Liberals, meanwhile, would be split in their stances; some would advocate for compromise between Conservatives and Social Democrats, while others had the plan of simply cutting spending, so that the free market would have less taxes; those who supported the latter were considered Classical Liberals.

The resulting election was close. While President Brit was popular, especially given his achievements during the People's Uprising, he faced criticism for how he initially handled the Malice Toward None Act. Additionally, the Kramerian people felt the effects of war on their soil, and thought the time was right to rebuild, rather than further propagate defense. Thus, although President Brit obtained the first-choice plurality, he would obtain second in the final election to his own Vice President, Liberal Justin DeWitt.

DeWitt was a moderate Liberal, and promised during his campaign that he would work to divert some military funding to reconstruction efforts. Voters thought his balanced approach was exactly what Krameria needed, and thus voted him into office with 56% of final ballots.

### DeWitt Administration

As President, DeWitt proposed national budgets that aligned with his campaign. Since Liberals possessed a majority, and Social Democrats thought of DeWitt's agenda as progress, he would easily pass his budget in place. DeWitt's first midterm would see Liberals take a complete majority in Congress, thus seeing Liberal agendas continue. In the Election of 2135, however, DeWitt would face challenges.

In the Conservative primaries, the Presidential race would largely be between Samuel Brit and Marcus Cicero. Brit said that there was still value to be had from his Presidency, and that he must retake office to institute it. Cicero, meanwhile, took a more moderate approach. While Brit advocated for bolstering military size, Cicero said that in addition to easing land and economic regulations, Krameria needed to keep taxes and spending low. Cicero was largely viewed as the more "electable" candidate. Thus, he won the Conservative nomination. Following his defeat, Brit left the Conservative Party, thus leaving Cicero as the sole leader.

In the General Election, Cicero faired well among Classical Liberals, whom he was closer to in economic policy. While DeWitt won re-election, he only obtained 51% of final ballots, to Cicero's 49%. The Liberals additionally lost Congress, now having only 7 seats to Social Democrats' 9 and Conservatives' 14. On seeing the Conservatives' victory, President DeWitt reached out to Cicero, in an attempt to establish a deal that worked better for them. DeWitt's next budget would therefore see a cut in spending in all regards. This budget would just fail, with all Social Democrats voting against it, 5 Liberals voting against it, and 4 Conservatives voting against it. Thus, to appease Liberals and Social Democrats, DeWitt kept the status quo of how his administration was spending. His typical budget distribution would pass.

In 2137's Midterm Election, a new party emerged as a breakaway from the Conservative Party. Congressional Deputy Speaker Ronald Navarro created the "Krameria Patriot Party" as a means of preserving old Conservative policy under the Brit Administration. In the 13th National Congress, Conservatives and Krameria Patriots possessed a joint majority, thus seeing President DeWitt needing to make a new decision. Reluctantly, DeWitt cut funding for reconstruction, yet did not cut funding for the military. Additionally, DeWitt negotiated a way to see land regulations amended, yet not abolished completely.

For his appeasement of Congress, DeWitt faced much controversy. He responded to this by saying it was not his business to block Congress from getting its way. The nation needed to progress forward in a bipartisan manner, and working with the Conservatives and Krameria Patriots when they controlled Congress was the best way to do that. Thus, this would be the policy DeWitt concluded his administration with.

### Election of 2139

In 2139, the election for the Presidency was tense. Conservative Congressional Speaker Marcus Cicero was the frontrunner, with Liberal Ninaad Rockstar running against him, in addition to Social Democrat Julius Cortina, Krameria Patriot Ronald Navarro, and former President Samuel Brit, who was now running as an independent.

In his campaign, Cicero promised reduced government involvement in the economy in all regards. His biggest competition was Rockstar, who thought that not only did reconstruction need to finish its course, yet that the best way to grow Krameria was through loosened immigration laws. Both Brit and Navarro opposed Rockstar's agenda vehemently. Meanwhile, Cortina was simply critical of the DeWitt Administration's conclusion, saying that the nation needed to be actively involved in reconstruction even moreso than it already was.

In the final results, Rockstar obtained a plurality of first choice votes. He lost the final election, however, to Marcus Cicero, who obtained 57% of the vote to Rockstar's 43%.

In this election, Frederick Lan would additionally form a new party known as the "Classical Liberal Party", which had the goal of using the government to benefit businesses. The party would not nominate a candidate for President in 2139, and Lan would instead run for Vice President under Cicero's ticket. The party would, however, successfully obtain four Congressional seats.

### Early Cicero Administration

Upon the inauguration of the 14th National Congress, Congressional Speaker Plotonia hired Ninaad Rockstar as his Chief of Staff. With this position, the two began developing more streamlined immigration policies, making it easier for immigrants to enter Krameria. President Cicero signed this bill with pride, saying that "Krameria is built on immigrants" and that the current Kramerian government should help the next generation.

Meanwhile, Cicero would pursue his own ambitions regarding tax cuts. While he had Conservative and Classical Liberal support, the Liberal, Social Democratic, and Krameria Patriot Parties all opposed his bill. They recognized that there would be a cut in spending too, which would hinder their respective ambitions. In response to this, Cicero approached Liberals and Social Democrats, promising to have reconstruction completed within the next year if they approved the tax cuts. All Liberals agreed to this compromise, whereas only three Social Democrats did so. Regardless, President Cicero now had the votes to pass his agenda. In doing so, he cut military spending while completing reconstruction by 2140.

### Rise of Victor Petre

In the Midterm Election of 2141, Conservatives and Classical Liberals obtained a Congressional majority. Thus, they began cutting spending to ensure the tax cuts were stable. In addition to their economic agenda, however, the Conservatives would additionally see a new social agenda brewing in their ranks, led by freshman Congressman Victor Petre.

In his Congressional campaign, Petre advocated for socially conservative policy, such as extreme immigration vetting and compulsory education for immigrants. Petre alleged that not all immigrants necessarily shared Kramerian values, and that they therefore needed to be educated in Kramerian culture. Additionally, Petre advocated for increased funding for the Church of Tomulus, and to give them exclusive authority over the institution of marriage.

Viewing Petre's campaign, veteran politicians such as Alexander Plotonia would be horrified. Yet upon Petre's election, he and his Conservative faction would fair well in the Speakership election against incumbent Plotonia. Because of this, Plotonia selected Petre as his Deputy Speaker in the 15th National Congress.

### Education Establishment

Despite their vehement disagreements, Petre's Conservatives and the Social Democrats came to a compromise regarding education. They proposed the "Educated Krameria Act", which essentially created a national education system and made it compulsory for all children. In addition to receiving 4 Social Democratic votes and 5 Conservative votes, the bill additionally received 3 Liberal votes, and 2 Krameria Patriot votes. While popular amongst Congress, it would just barely fail. To compromise, proponents approached the two Krameria Patriots who opposed it, and said that teenagers could opt out of mandatory education by enlisting in the military. With this, the act barely passed Congress.

Despite this, President Cicero vetoed the bill upon it arriving to his desk. He stated that systemized education would not fuel Krameria to success as much as economic opportunity would. He additionally criticized Petre's anti-immigrant mentality. In response to this, Plotonia and Petre met with Cicero for the purpose of compromise. They put forth the reasoning that if Cicero wanted economic opportunity, he could ensure all citizens were guaranteed vocational training. With this logic, Cicero agreed to work with Plotonia and Petre. The three individuals created the Workers' Opportunity Act, which essentially permitted vocational training for teenagers. To satisfy Petre's agenda, they additionally made some classes on Kramerian history and culture compulsory. The bill passed with 8 Conservatives voting in favor, all Social Democrats voting in favor, 3 Classical Liberals voting in favor, 3 Liberals voting in favor, and only 1 Krameria Patriot voting in favor. Following this, President Cicero signed the bill.

### Late Cicero Administration

Because of the Workers' Opportunity Act, many voters accredited Conservative and Social Democratic politicians as those who were progressing Krameria forward. Therefore, both the Conservative and Social Democratic Parties dominated the 16th National Congress, with Petre's branch of the Conservative Party additionally dominating 9 out of the 13 Conservative seats. With their success in the Workers' Opportunity Act, Petre and Plotonia thought it would be beneficial if they jointly pursued their respective agendas.

Early in the 16th National Congress, they created the "Employee Service Act", which would cut taxes on businesses if they provided fundamental services, such as healthcare benefits, to their employees. This bill would easily pass Congress, and would be signed into effect by President Cicero.

Toward the end of the 16th Congress, Krameria would experience a shock: President Cicero resigned from office, saying that he thought he has helped Krameria enough, and that it was now time to aid his homeland, the New Roman Empire, obtain its own democracy. Newly inaugurated President Frederick Lan would send Cicero off with a ceremony, in which he, former Executor Plotonia, newly inaugurated Vice President Michael Alban, Ninaad Rockstar, Antonio ElConvict and former President Justin DeWitt would wish him well in his Roman endeavors. Former President Samuel Brit was invited to join the ceremony, yet declined out of his old political rivalry with Cicero. He additionally alleged that Cicero was disloyal for not completing his second term.

### Early Lan Administration

Once President Lan assumed office, he immediately began pursuing his unique economic policy. Essentially, Lan wanted to establish a national bank that would see the Kramerian government grant loans to business owners in exchange for having to pay the loans off with interest. Lan alleged that this would generate bountiful economic growth. Upon proposing his "Opportunity Expansion Act", the Conservatives and Social Democrats in Congress rejected his plan. They alleged that it was too much of a risk, and that the spending was simply unnecessary. They additionally noted that the Kramerian economy was already the best in the Pacific region, and that the economy did not need this extra boost.

In response to this, Classical Liberals gained a significant boost in the 17th National Congress, having nearly 1/3 of all Congressional seats. President Lan proposed his Opportunity Expansion Act for a second time, with more moderate provisions than the first. The amount of spending the federal government could use to institute this act was capped, and any who applied for this act's benefits would need to demonstrate prior employment. While more popular than his previous act, Congress once again rejected it.

### Death of Alexander Plotonia

On August 19, 2149, Krameria underwent a period of mourning. Executor Alexander Plotonia of the People's Uprising died at age 61, being the first of the People's Uprising leadership to do so. In response to this, President Lan issued an executive order creating a national memorial for Plotonia in Place de la Revolution, the city in which the People's Uprising began. Meanwhile, the Church of Tomulus would follow suit, creating Plotonia's Temple in that very city. The Dovania state government would also follow suit. As Plotonia hailed from their state, they constructed a state memorial for Plotonia in the Dovania state capital, Corvallis. As Plotonia was additionally the longest-serving and arguably most-influential Congressman, in addition to the longest-serving Speaker, Congressional Speaker Petre ordered the creation of a painting depicting Plotonia to be hung above the Speaker's chair.

President Lan observed his funeral, as Vice President Alban, former Presidents Brit, DeWitt, and Cicero, and former General ElConvict, would all attend.

Upon Plotonia's death, many wondered who would succeed him as Deputy Speaker of Congress. Some suspected Rockstar would be an effective successor, given his good relationship with Plotonia and experience in the position, yet others did not think he was best suited; he did not work well with Petre and had gradually lost influence since the Cicero Administration. Instead, Speaker Petre chose Plotonia's only daughter and late Chief of Staff, Alexandria Plotonia, to succeed her father. Upon being endorsed by Petre, the Dovanian government quickly confirmed Alexandria Plotonia to her father's position, as Petre subsequently named her Deputy Speaker. This move would spark controversy in the halls of Congress, as many officials claimed Petre was employing nepotism rather than an evaluation of competence. This phased Petre little in his decision.

### Pacific War on Piracy

In the late 2140s, bands of seafaring pirates began organizing in droves and raiding costal Pacific cities. Recognizing this in 2149, President Lan worked to take action before they could reach Krameria. President Lan's budget this year would focus heavily on military spending. Seeing this as an emergency, Congress put aside their personal policy to build up the Kramerian military. Congress additionally decided that loose immigration laws needed to be reversed during the war, so that the pirates could not wreak havoc on the nation so easily. Behind the scenes, the Lan Administration additionally formed the "International Pacific Coalition Against Piracy" (IPCAP) with Japan, China, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Manchuria. Each nation would contribute to fighting piracy in the Pacific Ocean, and would defend one another during this conflict.

By 2150, piracy in the Pacific was effectively snuffed out by the coalition. It was no longer a force which could terrorize the Pacific nations, and only occurred in minimal instances. The coalition won.

### Recession of the 2150s

In 2151, President Lan announced he would not run for a third term. In his place, Victor Petre won the Presidency by a landslide, with Alexandria Plotonia as his running mate. Petre's Presidency would start out well. In October of that year, however, President Petre would see an economic recession hit Krameria as a result of the national debt taken on from the Pacific War on Piracy. Petre additionally refused to loosen immigration restrictions and/or reduce military spending, under the notion that he favored these policies anyways.

In response to President Petre's policies, Vice President Plotonia announced her own candidacy in the 2155 Presidential Election, running on a platform of reducing military spending, and providing relief to the Kramerian people in the form of public services. Once in office, Plotonia and the Social Democratic Congressional majority instituted numerous public services, such as welfare, free public education, and free healthcare. While this would improve the quality of life amongst poor Kramerians, it would not boost the economy; rather, it would worsen the recession. To ease this, Plotonia and the Social Democrats loosened the immigration restrictions. The problem was, however, while immigrants flocked to Krameria under its economic boom, they would not immigrate to a nation in the midst of a recession.

### Rise of Thomas Romulus II

In 2158, Krameria would be shocked on seeing 53-year old Thomas Romulus II return to the nation. Upon his arrival, the son of Krameria's former Owner would immediately get to work to forming his own political party. He successfully did so by November of 2158, calling his new movement the "Reform Party". Romulus and the party held that the People's Uprising was a failure, and that Krameria needed a strong leader to solve the economic crisis. Romulus promised on the campaign trail that he would use as much executive power as possible to reverse the Uprising and its subsequent government. While historians agree this movement would fail under usual circumstances, the Kramerian people underwent an economic crisis and just wanted their livelihoods back. Thus, Romulus defeated Plotonia in the Presidential Election of 2159.

Upon becoming President, Romulus worked with Conservatives to repeal President Plotonia's Social Democratic reforms, in addition to major People's Krameria policy, such as the Right to Land Act and Workers' Opportunity Act. Following this, President Romulus would proclaim his administration "already a success!", and would thus propose a bill entitled the "Savings Insurance Act", in which the President would receive 10% of the nation's treasury reserves each week for "saving purposes". Congress rejected this bill's passage, before many would propose articles of impeachment against President Romulus himself. While initially popular, Speaker Charles Freland reminded Congress that one of the People's Uprising's accomplishments was impeachments being on a legal basis. With this reasoning, Congress rejected the articles.

Meanwhile, in response to the rejection of his bill, President Romulus demonized Congress. He alleged it was "too susceptible to the crooked establishment", and that the nation needed legislative powers to be "more in the people's control". He proposed the "People's Centralization Amendment", which essentially abolished Congress and vested legislative powers in the President. Upon proposing this bill, Romulus would additionally organize a protest outside of Congress's building, so as to pressure Congressmen into voting in favor of the amendment.

In response to this protest organization, those opposed to the Romulus Administration organized their own counter-protest, so as to discourage Congress from voting in the amendment's favor. As the two protests convened outside Congress, tensions between them escalated. Soon, the Reformists turned their attentions away from Congress itself and toward the counter-protestors. After a short while, Reformists would become violent. After an hour, police broke up the fighting, and established that Reformists had started the fight as a means of pushing the counter-protestors out of the area. Police proceeded to arrest key Reformist leaders.

Hearing of the Congress Riot, as this event came to be called, President Romulus issued an executive order mandating the Reformists be released from prison, and that his Department of Justice prosecutes the counter-protestors and police. Complacent, Attorney General John Adamson complied.

Meanwhile, major politicians saw that the Romulus Administration was going too far, and that they needed to counter Romulus come time for the 2163 Presidential Election. Shortly following the 2161 Midterms, the Conservatives, Social Democrats, Classical Liberals, and Liberals all formed the "Red-Blue-Gold Coalition" to pull their resources for an intense campaign against President Romulus. Alexandria Plotonia quickly became the presumptive nominee of this coalition and would begin her campaign for the Presidency two years in advance.

Come time for the Presidential Election of 2163, Romulus was losing badly in the polls. Panicked, he declared martial law on the day of the election and ordered all polls to be closed and invalidated. As this occurred, Congressional Speaker Gregory Benton called for an emergency session. Congress would begin drafting impeachment articles for President Romulus's abuse of power. Hearing that this was occurring, President Romulus attempted to dissolve Congress. As President Romulus carried out his actions, the military initially complied with him. They ordered Congress to vacate their building, and arrested those who did not comply. As this occurred, the average Kramerian citizens rioted in the streets, demanding that Romulus allow elections to continue. Three days after this occurred, certain military officials turned. General Anthony Mark led his unit alongside a group of rioters to storm the Presidential Mansion and forcefully remove President Romulus from office. The plan was initially to detain Romulus and force him to resign, yet the Presidential Mansion riot soon became more violent than intended. Thus, President Romulus was forcefully beaten and mangled to death.

### De Gaulle Administration

Upon assuming the Presidency, President Enos De Gaulle repealed President Romulus's martial law declaration and subsequent obstruction of elections. He additionally pardoned the soldiers who couped, in addition to the rioters who killed President Romulus. Following this, President De Gaulle announced that the ballot would be as planned, and that if Romulus won, De Gaulle would unilaterally appoint a running mate to serve as the next President. Regardless, Alexandria Plotonia under the Red-Blue-Gold Coalition proceeded to win the 2163 Election, thus seeing De Gaulle's order become moot.

### Second Plotonia Administration

On taking office, Plotonia and Congress would get back to work regarding the economic crisis. The new Classical Liberals in Congress advocated for the institution of President Lan's economic plan, saying that if there was a time to institute it, it would be at this time. Desperate, President Plotonia and Congress instituted the plan. On doing so, many entrepreneurs flocked to the federal government for loans.

President Plotonia additionally re-instituted his relief program, yet moderated it to only provide services for those who could not afford other plans. With this, the economy slowly rebuilt over the course of Plotonia's term in office.

Over the next four years, the Kramerian economy gradually rebuilt to a stable condition. While not at the boom it underwent during the Cicero and Lan Administrations, it was stable enough for most Kramerians' livelihoods to be positive.

### Rockstar Administration

In 2167, Plotonia opted not to run for another Presidential term, claiming that she had accomplished everything she needed to in office. In her place, Ninaad Rockstar successfully won the Presidency, having ran on a platform that would create a program to actively help immigrants leave their homes in pursuit of Krameria. On becoming President, Rockstar worked with Secretary of State Justin DeWitt to make this a reality, as the Kramerian government would help many in developing countries immigrate to Krameria.

This program was ground-breaking on the world stage, and many viewed it as the Kramerian government "stealing citizens" from foreign nations. Additionally, the Imperialist Party of the United States of America especially took note of this, and became leery that Krameria was attempting to form a "socialist empire". Because of this, American CIA Director Astral Trinity negotiated with Conservative military leader Brian Blakeson to coup the Kramerian government and establish a right-wing regime. On December 30, 2170, this plan was executed. President Rockstar was assassinated, as was Vice President Henry Foxglove, Congressional Speaker Gregory Benton, and many other Congressmen. This event, known as the "December Coup", is largely considered the end of the People's Krameria.

## Third Kramerian Civil War

On couping the government, Brian Blakeson named himself President of Krameria. He additionally named his longest-serving four-star General, Ludwig Von Hesse, as Vice President. Upon assuming office, most of the Kramerian military submitted to President Blakeson and the American CIA, so as to avoid a power vacuum. While Krameria's major institutions submitted to this new dictatorship, the Kramerian people themselves would not go down without a fight.

Alexandria Plotonia and Charles Freland organized a riot against Blakeson's regime, and secured what remained of the 29th National Congress. As this occurred, they deemed Doau Helius James Xarca as the new de jure Speaker, as Xarca had been the surviving Deputy Speaker upon the December Coup. On January 7, 2171, the plan was put in place; riots broke out against Blakeson's military forces.

Within a month, the rioters were effective in pushing back Blakeson's forces; some soldiers who supported the people's cause even began joining the rioters' side. Seeing that American influence could not maintain control over the country, CIA Director Trinity approached Plotonia and Freland with an offer: Essentially, the CIA removes Blakeson and Von Hesse from office, in exchange for gaining Ownership of Krameria in a similar manner to the Romulan Republic. Plotonia and Freland both vehemently opposed this offer. Within a week, Director Trinity responded to this by asking for control over the Kramerian military in exchange for putting a stop to Blakeson's Regime. Trinity would even let an "Administration" control Krameria's military as a fourth branch of government, which both Plotonia and Freland could partake in. Plotonia and Freland accepted this offer. With that, Blakeson and Von Hesse were removed from office and exiled from Krameria on February 21, 2171. Doau Xarca was inaugurated as the 19th President of Krameria.

## Administrative Republic

The point in Kramerian history in which the Administration controlled the military is largely referred to as the "Administrative Republic". In it, Alexandria Plotonia and Charles Freland served as "Senior Administrators", whereas Astral Trinity served as "Head Administrator." The larger Administration made the decisions, yet Trinity chose who would be Administrators and who would not.

### Reconstruction

On taking office, President Xarca announced that rebuilding would be his top priority. Plotonia and Freland were named joint Chiefs of Staff over his office, and would assist him in his efforts to rebuild the nation following the Third Kramerian Civil War. Within three years, Krameria was successfully rebuilt to its former condition. Efforts thus shifted to other matters, as President Xarca issued an executive order commencing the next General Election in 2175 while also recusing himself from a second term.

### Return of Victor Petre

During the Xarca Presidency, former President Victor Petre worked to build his own private military out of distrust for Trinity. In 2175, he additionally declared his candidacy as the Conservative nominee for President. In his campaign, he promised to keep military funding low, so as to weaken Trinity and his Administration. Petre won the election by a margin of 10% against Liberal Vice President John Stunt.

On seeing Petre assume office, Trinity would be quick to act. On March 13, 2171, Trinity ordered the military to seize control of the Kramerian treasury. While this occurred, President Petre proposed an amendment that would see the Administration dissolved and the President of Krameria regain control over the Kramerian military. In response to this, the military proceeded to kidnap Petre and declare the Kramerian government dissolved. Trinity declared that he would become the "second Owner of Krameria" and that the nation was under his absolute control. During this time, common Kramerian citizens would once again take up arms against the military, though not in a fashion that could be considered a full war.

Fearful that this would dissolve into a war, however, Plotonia approached Trinity to enter a second round of negotiations. Plotonia demanded that Trinity release Petre and the treasury, in exchange for a salary that he could do with as he pleased. Plotonia additionally noted that the Blakeson's forces fared poorly against the rioters last time, and that there would likely be damage done to the military again if Trinity continued in his efforts. Trinity agreed, and Congress thus passed the "Military Funding Act", which mandated that 10% of the Kramerian budget went toward its military. Reluctantly, President Petre signed this bill.

In exchange, however, President Petre passed the "Right to Bear Arms Act", which both legalized secession and protected Kramerians' rights to possess any weapon. He additionally accomplished fiscally Conservative policy by cutting spending, so that the military's 10% bonus would be as low as possible. All the while, Petre, Plotonia, and Freland all built up a private military known as the "People's Resistance".

President Petre additionally passed the "Official Communications Act", which stated that the government had the exclusive prerogative to communicate with foreign governments, and that any attempt by private citizens to do so would be considered an act of Treason. Meanwhile, Congress amended their rules and procedures to prevent any bill making Krameria subservient to a foreign power from reaching Congressional debate and/or vote.

During this time, anti-Trinity and anti-American sentiments gradually rose in Krameria.

### Rise of Roltech

In 2179, Congressional Deputy Speaker Franklin Roltech declared his candidacy for President. He alleged that the efforts by the Petre Administration were not pushing Krameria forward by nearly enough, and that if he were President, he would bring back the Lan Economic Plan and the Rockstar Immigration Program. Roltech alleged that these plans would allow the Kramerian economy to flourish. These plans would be additionally popular among the Kramerian people, thus seeing Roltech defeat Petre by a landslide in the Presidential Election.

As President, Roltech would quickly insititute his plans. Additionally, he began forming alliances with foreign nations that protected the Kramerian government, in the case that a militaristic force were to ever attack. President Roltech reforged the Pacific Coalition, and ensured all nations involved had mutual defense.

The Roltech Presidency would arm Krameria with many tools the people could use against Trinity, and the People's Resistance decided to use this to their advantage. As they applied for loans from the Kramerian government, the Roltech Presidency would accept and give them 25 years to pay their loans off. Meanwhile, the new immigrants were bolstering Krameria's economy with businesses of their own.

President Roltech's first term was a rousing success, and he thus ran unopposed for a second. By 2185, Krameria's economy was nearly at the boom it was under the Cicero and Lan Presidencies. Feeling he had accomplished his goal, President Roltech resigned that year. His successor, Alexandria Plotonia, acted as a "caretaker President" and upheld Roltech's policies.

### Yankees Administration

Vice President Bernard Yankees successfully won the Presidency in 2187. He largely won from name recognition, having been the Vice President of respected politician Alexandria Plotonia. As President, Yankees was open about having a socialist agenda. While he possessed the Presidency, however, Congress would not be comprised of like-minded far-leftists. Therefore, Yankees's policies were largely blocked by Congress.

In response to this, President Yankees declared martial law in September of 2187, in an attempt to institute his policies unilaterally. Upon seeing this, Vice President Cameron Federali vetoed his declaration. In response to this, President Yankees fired his Vice President and appointed long-time legal partner Alexander Legion in his place.

While this occurred, Congress successfully passed impeachment articles. In response to this, President Yankees attempted to dissolve Congress and imprison Congressional Speaker Kramer Heinrichson. Regardless, the impeachment articles passed, and the Yankees Presidency would now be tried in the Supreme Court. Seeing that his administration would likely fall, President Yankees resigned on October 5, 2187.

### American-Kramerian War

Looking at the Yankees Administration and continuation of the former Rockstar Immigration Program, the United States once again became concerned about Krameria. American President Mohammed Dockery offered Trinity a large sum of money in exchange for handing Krameria over to the United States. Trinity accepted and declared on November 21, 2187, that the Republic of Krameria was dissolved and that it was now a territory of the United States of America. The US government additionally kidnapped former President Victor Petre, who they perceived to be a threat to the annexation.

On hearing what occurred, the People's Resistance kicked into full swing. American soldiers would be assaulted in a number of key attacks, as the Kramerian military loyal to Trinity would also struggle. Meanwhile, on December 1, 2187, Plotonia and Freland officially ordered the Kramerian military to join the side of the People's Resistance and to fight the Americans on the island. Seeing that their chances were superior on the side of their own people, the Kramerian military sided with the People's Resistance.

Within four months, the Americans were forced to depart from the island. Trinity fled back to the United States on March 21, 2188. Meanwhile, Senior Administrator Charles Freland planned the next stage of the war: "Operation North America Liberation." Using the Rockstar Immigration Program, Freland sent undercover diplomats into the United States to help Americans persecuted by the Imperialist Party flee the country.

On May 3, 2188, American President Dockery called for a ceasefire between the United States and Krameria. He, military Head Administrator Plotonia, and military Senior Administrator Freland agreed that both sides would stop their attacks; in exchange, Dockery would pay the two men a sizable amount of money. Plotonia offered Dockery a peace conference with President Legion, yet Dockery declined out of dread for an official American military defeat. Thus, Plotonia and Freland officially accepted the ceasefire agreement for the time being.

In the next General Election, the main question Krameria undertook was whether or not the United States would resume the American-Kramerian War. President Legion claimed that because the ceasefire was enacted, peace was restored to Krameria, and that the nation could therefore reduce its military funding. Meanwhile, Freland would run as the Conservative nominee against Legion, and claim that the time to bolster the Kramerian military was now. Freland additionally advocated for the creation of a Kramerian navy, so that Krameria could fight the United States across the Pacific.

After a close election, Freland successfully won the Presidency in 2191, receiving 53% of the vote to President Legion's 47%. As President, Freland worked with the Conservatives in Congress to both bolster military spending and create a Kramerian navy. Two years later, this investment would pay off, when the United States re-commenced attacks in 2193 under President Thorton Echevarria.

Out at sea, Krameria would largely face a stalemate with the United States. While the Kramerian navy was strong, the United States was still the world's sole superpower; thus, the Kramerian navy struggled to obtain decisive victories. It especially did not help that the only Pacific Coalition nations that aided Krameria were Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, as China, Japan, and Manchuria were too susceptible to the United States's influence.

Although Krameria was not decreasing American morale at sea, they were having some success in countering the United States on land, mainly in their occupation of Hawaiian territory. During the war, Krameria successfully occupied the Hawaiian islands of both Niihau and Kauai. They additionally managed to capture the cities of Naalehu and Kalapana on Hawaii itself.

In 2194, President Freland contacted his relatives in New England to hit the United States in its eastern territory. While they would not be able to win a war against the United States, their theory was that they could reap the benefits of New England land, before fleeing once the American army arrived, using similar tactics to the Romulan Terrorists in the Second Kramerian Civil War. President Freland's distant relatives agreed to this plan, and thus sent President Echevarria a letter declaring independence as the "Democracy of Freland". In doing so, they forced part of the American military to divert its attention away from the Pacific and toward their chaos in New England and northeastern Canada. Thus, the United States would not be able to retake its territory in Hawaii.

While the United States faced difficulties fighting Krameria, the naval stalemate remained; and this difficulty affected the 2195 Presidential Election. Liberal nominee Justin DeWitt II alleged that President Freland was simply "wasting resources" by insisting that the war continues. DeWitt promised a peace treaty with the United States if elected President. Meanwhile, President Freland countered by saying that the United States would not surrender, and that Krameria was performing well in the war. In this election, Freland put forth the famous quote: "Would you prefer a continuous stalemate out at sea, or continuous foreign rule on our land?" when campaigning for re-election. This quote stuck with the American people, and would contribute to Freland's re-election with 58.5% of final ballots.

Shortly following President Freland's re-election, Imperialist-dissenters in Hawaii approached Freland with an opportunity. Essentially, the Hawaiians would lead a rebellion against the United States, in exchange for the Kramerian government protecting Hawaii if it were to ever become an independent nation. President Freland accepted this agreement, thus seeing major Hawaiian uprisings in Honolulu, Hilo, Kapaau, and Lanai City. Because of these uprisings, the United States would be forced to divert its attention away from fighting Krameria itself, and instead to suppressing the Hawaiian revolts. By 2196, fighting had significantly reduced, and Krameria was more able to take out the weaker American forces in the Pacific.

### Abolition of the Administration

On May 13, 2196, Alexandria Plotonia proposed the "Fourth Republic Amendment", in both celebration of the 70th anniversary of the People's Uprising and Krameria's recent military victories. Ecstatic, Congress swiftly passed this amendment, before sending it to a national referendum only a week later. Most historians consider May 13, 2196 to be the final day of the Administrative Republic, and the Administration was completely dissolved by May 21, 2196. Following the passage of this amendment, Plotonia announced her retirement, having served the Republic from age 16 up until she was 67 years old.

Historians largely divide the Administrative Republic into two eras, to account for the services of each Head Administrator. The first era, commonly known as the Trinity Era, ranged from February 21, 2171, to March 21, 2188. Meanwhile the second era, commonly known as the Plotonia Era, ranged from March 21, 2188 to May 13, 2196.

## Fourth Republic

Alexandria Plotonia deemed the new government system established on May 13, 2196 as the "Fourth Republic". Historians largely dispute the accuracy of this. Some claim that Plotonia was accurate in this assumption, while others claim Krameria actually entered its Seventh Republic at this time. Others do not credit May 13, 2196 to be the start of a new republic at all, instead claiming it was the continuation of a government Alexandria Plotonia and Charles Freland ushered in by 2188. For the sake of clarity, however, this entry measures the Kramerian government distinctions by the Plotonia Interpretation, as is common among most Kramerians.

### Late Charles Freland Administration

By 2196, the American-Kramerian War had all but concluded. During the war, Krameria had taken on an excessive national debt for the purpose of funding a military that could fight the United States. Now that the war was over, however, this national debt would wreak havoc on the nation if not reduced. To counter this, President Freland issued an executive order which raised the amount of money the federal government would lend to citizens, in exchange for raising the interest rates citizens would need to pay back. President Freland additionally cut military spending, so as to limit excess spending.

In 2198, President Freland would additionally be approached with a petition from the occupied territory of Kauai and Niihau that asked for Kramerian statehood. Freland formulated a treaty with them that established the "State of Kauai", which comprised both Kauai and Niihau. The subsequent Treaty of Princeville received mixed perceptions in Congress. Some were in favor of integration the occupied Hawaiian territory into the nation, whereas other Congressmen alleged that this was imperialism. The vote passed with 18 votes in favor and 12 votes opposed. Thus, Kauai was deemed a Kramerian state, and would receive Congressional representation in the 2199.

President Freland left office as a highly popular President, being the first in Kramerian history to possess a 95% approval rating. He and Alexandria Plotonia are largely credited as the two individuals who led the victory against the Americans and restored democracy to Krameria following both the Blakeson Administration and the Administrative Republic.

### Election of 2199

In 2198, President Freland announced he would not run for a third term. This would lead to fierce intrigue and competition in the Election of 2199. While President Freland had made progress in reducing the national debt, it was by no means paid off, and this would lead Krameria's political parties to develop diverse economic platforms.

Conservatives acclaimed the Freland Administration to be a rousing success, and thus pledged to continue his policy. They would keep taxes low, military spending at the same rate, and Freland's loan policy the same as it was. Meanwhile, Social Democrats stated that because the American-Kramerian War was over, it was now time to shift funding to relief for the Kramerian people. Social Democrats proposed raising taxes to pay off the debt, while also investing in public services the Kramerian people would benefit from. Liberals acted as a moderate party, essentially claiming that they would shift funding toward debt-relief, while also providing essential services to only the Kramerians who need it most. In this election, an additional fourth party would arise, stating that the way to solve the debt issue was to institute extreme capitalism. Influential Latomé Congressman John Petre founded the Libertarian Party, on a platform of cutting spending in all regards, and instituting Libertarianism in national laws.

#### Stunt Presidential Campaign

The Liberal platform was largely developed by Justin DeWitt II, who largely declared that this election was not the time to think about ideology, and that the only philosophy that should be employed regards what helps people the most. Because of his influence over the party, many considered him the "Liberal Party Leader", and expected him to win the primary. John Stunt, meanwhile, took a different approach to the party platform. Stunt was a moderate Liberal, who alleged that now was rather the time to uphold Kramerian ideals and use the Presidency to reach compromises between these varying party platforms. Stunt claimed that the people's wishes must be taken into account, and that the President could not simply ignore differing points of view. In essence, Stunt's party platform comprised a rejection of his own policy in favor of reaching mutual ground.

While DeWitt's campaign appealed to the Liberal Party itself, Stunt's campaign appealed to core Kramerian values. Thus, Stunt won the Liberal primary with 55% of the vote, to DeWitt's 45%. Come time for the General Election, Stunt appealed to the Kramerian tradition of a bipartisan ticket by selecting Conservative Leader Victor Petre II as his Vice Presidential running mate. This not only showed a Stunt Administration would be one of diverse political perspectives, yet additionally appealed to Conservatives and other Freland Administration supporters; Petre, after all, was largely recognized as a war hero and staunchly supported Freland's Presidency.

Because of these factors, Stunt successfully won the Presidency.

### Stunt Administration

When President Stunt took office, Congress was largely split between all four parties, with the Conservatives and Social Democrats each possessing pluralities. Because of this Congressional composition, President Stunt prioritized both public services and military spending, and increased taxes to compensate for this. The "National Service Act of 2199" was President Stunt's most famous policy, and seemingly satisfied both Conservative and Social Democratic agendas. The problem, however, came with the bill's excessive spending. The National Service Act of 2199 reversed much of the debt the Freland Administration paid off in President Freland's late second term.

Because of this act, Liberals and Libertarians gradually rose in popularity, claiming that the Stunt Administration was going too far, and that "nationalists" and "socialists" needed to wait for their ideologies to progress. This bill, however, would give rise to a new party, which alleged that both the Conservatives and Social Democrats could still fulfill their agendas via a new method of democratic capitalism. This party was known as the "Libertarian Democratic Party", and advocated for a "democratic tax structure"; essentially, citizens would have a set amount of taxes they had to pay, yet they chose where their money would be spent. Hardline supporters of this new method claimed this had to be done for the entirety of the budget, whereas moderates said that a fixed budget should be set for debt reduction.

The Libertarian Democratic Party would be incredibly popular in the Midterm Election of 2201, winning a total of nine seats. On taking office, the first move of the 45th National Congress would be to repeal the National Service Act of 2199. Solemnly, President Stunt signed this repeal into effect. Next, the Libertarian Democrats alleged that the nation had to pay off debt within a short window, and that this should not necessarily sacrifice the people's desires; therefore, their proposed economic policy was worth a try. This persuasion was effective amongst all parties except for the Liberals. The Liberals alleged that the nation did not need what the other parties were advocating for, and that the government should thus focus on sheer debt reduction until the economy was once again stable. Regardless, President Stunt signed the "People's Spending Choice Act" into effect.

In 2203, President Stunt decided not to run for re-election, and instead thought the nation would benefit more from a Presidency led by Kauai Congressman Andrew Freland, the Leader of the Libertarian Democratic Party. Thus, he would become Andrew Freland's running mate in the next Presidential election. Upon Andrew Freland's election to the Presidency, Stunt became Vice President.

### Andrew Freland Administration

The Libertarian Democrats' success would render Andrew Freland an incredibly popular candidate in the buildup to the 2203 General Election. He was nominated by both his own Libertarian Democratic Party, in addition to the Conservative and Libertarian Parties. Thus, he won by a landslide that year, having obtained 72% of first choice votes.

Andrew Freland's early Presidency largely focused on enforcing the People's Spending Choice Act, in addition to President Charles Freland's loan policy. This would see the Kramerian national debt vastly reduce, thus officially ending the issue.

In 2205, Andrew Freland would additionally be approached by the government of the new Hawaiian Republic, which had just declared independence from the United States. The Hawaiians asked to form an alliance between Krameria and Hawaii, noting the agreement they had with President Charles Freland. Andrew Freland would be easily persuaded, and thus issued an executive order to uphold his relative's agreement formed during the American-Kramerian War.

In 2207, the Libertarian Democrats lost majority control over Congress. Thus, key members of the Liberals, Conservatives, and Social Democrats put forth the "Restoration of Organized Spending Act" (ROSA), which would repeal the People's Spending Choice Act. 5 Conservatives, 6 Social Democrats, and all 6 Liberals voted in favor of the bill, whereas all Libertarians and Libertarian Democrats opposed the bill. While the bill would be popular, it would fail Congress, and was subsequently denounced by President Andrew Freland. Freland accused the Congressmen promoting it of attempting to "strip economic democracy away from the Kramerian people" and "devalue the power of the individual." This amplified rhetoric put forth by President Freland saw the Libertarian Democrats sweep Congress a second time in 2209.

Following the 2209 Midterm Election, President Freland put forth a speech about how the Libertarian Democratic advancement was an "achievement for Kramerian democracy". Toward the end of this speech, he announced that he would be proposing a Constitutional amendment to enshrine the People's Spending Choice Act into the Constitution. While Freland was zealous in his announcement, the amendment would not receive nearly enough support in Congress. All Liberals, Conservatives, and Social Democrats would oppose it, as would 5 Libertarians and even 10 Libertarian Democrats. The amendment only received 14 final votes, with much of the opposition deriving from the notion that while the People's Spending Choice Act was not bad, it should not be enshrined in the Constitution. Thus, although President Andrew Freland was highly disappointed in the matter, his amendment would be blocked by Congress.

Regardless, Andrew Freland's Presidency is widely regarded as a more democratic period in Kramerian history than at any point beforehand. Historians recognize his administration as being directly democratic in a sense, because of how the Kramerian people could directly influence their budget.

### Election of 2211

President Andrew Freland chose not to run for a third term. Thus, competition would once again open up for the Presidency. By 2211, many American Imperialist soldiers were fleeing the United States, as many others were exiled from their bases in foreign nations. Krameria would be a hub for the soldiers to flock to; and many became ambitious in the realm of politics. Because the soldiers had served the American Imperialist regime, they were not grounded in Kramerian values. Instead, they possessed the philosophy of obtaining power via any means necessary; and this would come forth during the election.

During the Liberal primary, a zealous candidate named "Hughes Burande" declared his candidacy, promising left-wing reform for Krameria and a repeal of the People's Spending Choice Act. Burande noted that it gave a monopoly to the wealthy to determine where the nation's money went, and that the government needed to intervene to help those who had less. His campaign would gain significant traction amongst the Kramerian people, as he would soon become a frontrunner in national polls. A month into his campaign, however, a controversy arose regarding his campaign. Essentially, American Imperialist Liberals would go to people's homes demanding money to help fund his campaign. After barrages of harassment, many citizens would eventually comply.

These campaign tactics would see many Kramerians react with discuss. This, accompanied by the American Imperialists' established lack of Kramerian values, paved the way for Victor Petre II to gain traction in the Presidential race. Petre largely campaigned on fighting "American corruption", and promised to uphold Kramerian values. Because Petre was a war hero who possessed Kramerian values, many Kramerians would support him over Burande. The final results saw a Petre victory with 52% of final ballots to Burande's 48%.

#### The Republic V. Jones

In the original election, Burande secured a total of 51% of final ballots. The electoral commission, however, proceeded to throw many of Burande's ballots out on the basis of some voters voting in all three states, thereby increasing the number of votes for Burande. Additionally, Jones was attempting to form quid pro quos with many voters, so as to guarantee their votes for Burande. Discovering that this was a strategy to pull ahead of Petre, the Department of Justice proceeded to prosecute the orchestrator, Stanley Jones, on the basis of electoral fraud. Jones launched a counter-suit against the government, claiming that because the right to vote was enshrined in the Constitution, and because his voters were open about what they were doing, it was his and his voters' Constitutional right to vote in multiple states and cast multiple votes.

The Supreme Court proceeded to rule in favor of The Republic in this case, and convicted Jones and his voters on the basis of electoral fraud. The precedent was set that citizens only had one vote, and that they needed to vote in their respective state. Thus, Burande lost a total of 3% of votes in the final tally. The court acquitted Jones and his voters on the quid pro quo charges, however, on the basis that no federal law criminalized quid pro quo.

*The Republic V. Jones* delayed President-Elect Petre's inauguration by approximately a month. On April 3, 2211, however, Petre was finally inaugurated as the 28th President of Krameria.

### Petre Administration

Early in the his administration, President Petre II worked with Latomé Congressman Charles Popule to develop the "Anti-Corruption Act", which tightened corruption laws. The law prohibited the harassment of citizens for campaign money, and even stated that no citizen could go on another's property without explicit permission from the land owner. Additionally, the law criminalized quid pro quo, helping people immigrate for the purpose of increasing votes, helping people to flock to a state for the purpose of increasing votes, and additionally criminalized corrupt governmental actions, such as abuse of power, filibustering, party whips, and attempts to pocket veto.

President Petre additionally instituted a successful repeal of the People's Spending Choice Act, with all 15 Conservatives in favor, both Liberals in favor, 3 Social Democrats in favor, one Libertarian in favor, and even one Libertarian Democrat in favor. Petre reasoned that as American soldiers were to commit corrupt actions against Krameria, the Department of Justice needed stable funding to counter them. Out of protection for Kramerian culture, this compelled many to recognize that it was time to repeal the historic tax law.

During Petre's Presidency, Petre himself also opened a private political academy as a private citizen, with the goal of promoting classical Kramerian values and reducing corruption. Petre believed that the American soldiers could be rehabilitated into Kramerian culture, and wanted to give them that opportunity.

In the 2213 Midterm Election, the American soldiers would slowly but surely enter Kramerian politics. Noticing that Liberal Leader Justin DeWitt II was doing nothing about the Americans flooding the Liberal Party, President Petre called him to act for the good of the Republic. DeWitt, however, declined, saying that the Liberal Party always has and always will be inclusive. Thus, 8 out of the 12 Liberals in the 51st National Congress would be American soldiers, as would one Conservative. When they took office, Petre instructed his Department of Justice to investigate the newly-elected Congressmen for potential electoral crimes. Attorney General John Petre proceeded to do so, which prompted the American soldiers to file a court case against President Petre on the basis of discrimination. The Supreme Court ruled that because the Constitution technically possessed no equal rights provision, and that Kramerian equality was cultural custom, the Congressmen's backgrounds constituted probable cause.

The Department of Justice, in this instance, found no evidence of corruption from the Americans. Thus, they were unable to press charges. Historians today agree that this is likely because the Victor Petre Academy was highly effective, and that many American soldiers (including Petre's former electoral opponent, Hughes Burande) were simply embracing their new nation, and appreciating it over the Imperialist United States. At the time, however, President Petre did not recognize this correlation, and thus proposed the "Evidence Transparency Act", which stated that all findings the Department of Justice collected must be publicized for Kramerian citizens to take civil action. This bill was blocked by Congress, on the basis of violating the right to privacy.

In response to the *Congressmen V. Petre Administration* ruling, Charles Popule proposed the "Equal Rights Amendment", which would enshrine equality as a Constitutional right in Krameria while also stating that the exercise of one right did not invalidate any other. All Congressmen except for four Conservatives and one Libertarian would vote in favor of the amendment, yet would see a veto from President Petre. Petre alleged that the amendment's goal was not to enshrine equality, but to instead "undermine *Congressmen V. Petre Administration*" and "enable the Americans". In this speech, Petre announced that in his second term, he would attempt to pass the "Great Krameria Act", which would disqualify American soldiers from voting, holding public office, and owning any weapons until they proved they possessed Kramerian values.

Horrified, Vice President DeWitt announced that he would not be joining Petre's ticket for his second term, and instead opted to run with American Liberal nominee, Sawyer Jackson. Jackson promised, in his campaign, that he would promote the Equal Rights Amendment, while also passing an amendment that would render the Department of Justice independent from the Presidency.

During the Presidential Election of 2215, President Petre issued an executive order that would deny former American soldiers 2215 ballots on the basis of *Congressmen V. Petre Administration.* Petre reasoned that because the executive maintained electoral polls, it was his prerogative to issue an order of this manner. On February 22, 2215, this would see Petre impeached on the basis of Abuse of Power. On March 1, 2215, Petre would be removed from office based on these charges, as his executive order was rendered unconstitutional. The court additionally ruled, however, that Petre would not be disqualified from holding future office, and that he could still run in the 2215 Election, which the court ruled would restart so as to promote fairness.

### Petre's Massacre

Polls for 2215's electoral redo opened on March 8. In the final results, Sawyer Jackson won with 59% of final ballots to Petre's 41%. He was set to be inaugurated five days later, on March 13. During this time, Victor and John Petre would plot a riot that would kill Jackson and force Petre back into the Presidency as the runner-up. In the early morning of March 13, 2215, the Petre brothers and their rioters congregated outside the Presidential Mansion in an attempt to block Jackson from entering his inauguration venue. When Jackson approached, the rioters charged at him, and killed him in the process. With the President-Elect dead, they then stormed the Presidential Mansion itself, thus sending DeWitt into exile. From there, Victor Petre declared himself as the 30th President of Krameria and issued an executive order appointing the rioters as the "Kramerian Patriot Task Force". Although Petre is not recognized as an official President during this time, he had de-facto control over the office.

Following their creation, the Kramerian Patriot Task Force, led by John Petre, would proceed to assassinate many influential American-Kramerians, most of whom were Congressional Liberals. While Petre's Massacre transpired, President DeWitt managed the legitimate Kramerian armed forces from a secure location in Place de la Revolution. Over the course of the next month, the Kramerian military pushed back the Kramerian Patriot Task Force. By April 7, 2215, Petre sued for peace and stated that he would resign, so long as the Kramerian Patriot Task Force was pardoned and allowed to keep their weapons. Not wanting a faction ready to engage in civil war, President DeWitt declined and instead had the Kramerian military march on Fortitude. By April 12, 2215, Victor and John Petre were captured and convicted of both murder and treason. DeWitt further obtained an order from the Supreme Court saying Petre did not inherit the election upon Sawyer Jackson's assassination.

Because Petre acted as a governing force over parts of Krameria, Petre's Massacre is largely considered the Fourth Kramerian Civil War. Some dispute this, however, as the fighting between the military and Kramerian Patriot Task Force involved less large-scale battles and capture of territory, and more small skirmishes, riots, and assassinations. Additionally, most encounters with the Kramerian Patriot Task Force ended with their arrest, as would be expected in a law-enforcement operation. Not to mention that there was no destruction of property and/or infrastructure, as one would usually see in a war.

### President DeWitt's First Term

Upon the arrest of Petre, Justin DeWitt II was now the undisputed President of Krameria. On reaching Fortitude's Presidential Mansion, President DeWitt gave a speech on how Petre's attempted revolt was disgusting and completely contradictory to all Krameria stood for. DeWitt stated that Victor and John Petre were insults to President Victor Petre I, who DeWitt referenced as an "honorable Kramerian."

President DeWitt believed that American corruption was a moot issue by 2215. Thus, he re-proposed and signed the Equal Rights Amendment to be placed to a national referendum. While popular, rhetoric from the Petre Administration would prevent the amendment from receiving 2/3 of the vote, with it only receiving 62% in favor. Thus, the amendment would not be enacted. With this, DeWitt recognized that many Kramerians were leery of the intentions of American-Kramerians, and thus took action to ensure Kramerian values were promoted. DeWitt proposed the "National Education Act", which created a more formidable public education system and an extensive Kramerian history program. The 52nd National Congress ratified this bill into effect shortly thereafter.

Regarding foreign policy, President DeWitt was contacted by American President Barnabas Blankenship on May 1, 2216, to discuss a deal regarding Hawaii. DeWitt accepted and would attend the Honolulu Conference nine days later. During the conference, President Blankenship indicated he wanted the United States to regain control over Hawaii and establish more positive relations with Krameria. While sympathetic toward Blankenship's ambition and recognizing that he possessed positive intent, President DeWitt was hesitant to let a Kramerian ally become American territory; especially since the United States acted against Hawaii to begin with. Blankenship responded by saying that now was the time to promote democracy, and thus offered a compromise of letting the Hawaiian people decide their national allegiance. Both DeWitt and Hawaiian President Kai Deuda agreed to this, under the condition that the United States would pay the Hawaiian government compensation. Additionally, referendums for national allegiances would occur every five years.

The United States, Krameria, and Hawaii all signed the "Honolulu Compact", and all successfully ratified the treaty in national referendums. In addition to the provisions surrounding Hawaii, the three nations would enter into a trade union and non-aggression pact with one another, so as to promote "peace in the Pacific Ocean".

Toward the middle of DeWitt's first term, he signed Charles Popule's "Electoral Recall Amendment", which established provisions for recall elections in Krameria. By the end of his term, Krameria had largely stabilized, and was considered to be in another era of prosperity.

### President DeWitt's Second Term

Because of Krameria's prosperity, President DeWitt won a second term in 2219. During his second term, President DeWitt largely maintained the status quo of his first. Toward the end of his administration, the national consensus was that he was an effective President and that democracy could prosper in Krameria. DeWitt therefore once again proposed the Equal Rights Amendment to Congress. Not only did it pass, yet would finally be ratified in a national referendum. It was adopted as an official amendment to the Kramerian Constitution.

#### Rise of the Libertarians and Social Democrats

Following the arrest of John Petre, Norris Rambo took on the chairmanship of the Libertarian Party. Looking at what occurred during the Petre Administration, Rambo took the stance that funding for the Department of Justice needed to be scaled back, and that the Anti-Corruption Act was too strict in its legal provisions. Meanwhile, the Social Democrats thought that since the "American Soldier Crisis" and subsequent Petre Crisis was over, it was now time to institute democratic-socialist policies for the betterment of the Kramerian people.

The Libertarians and Social Democrats each obtained Congressional pluralities in the General Election of 2219, as Rambo and Social Democratic Leader Zachariah Carlson would come to a compromise that benefited both of their agendas. The two party leaders proposed the "Economic and Social Prosperity Act" (ESPA), which decriminalized most actions in Krameria in exchange for creating robust social programs. In Congress, 9 Social Democrats voted in favor of the bill, as did 8 Libertarians. Thus, although the bill was popular amongst its own parties, it would fail to pass Congress itself.

#### Rise of the Conservatives

In response to ESPA, Conservatives began regaining popularity. The new Conservative Leader, Michael England, campaigned on the notion that Libertarianism was dangerous, as were the economic programs the Social Democrats advocated for. England denounced President Victor Petre II, yet stated that the Department of Justice needed to be strong and that the government could not legalize anything which made upholding Kramerian values more difficult. Additionally, England held true that social programs in Krameria would not be effective. In 2221, Conservatives obtained the 55th National Congress's plurality.

In Congress, the Conservatives, Libertarians, and Social Democrats all convened to create a plan that would work for all of them. The resulting bill was the "Tripartisan Compromise". Essentially, free welfare and public service programs would be guaranteed for the poor, in addition to President DeWitt's education plan for everyone. Meanwhile, the Department of Justice would also receive adequate funding. The Libertarians would additionally all victimless crimes legalized, yet would not see the Anti-Corruption Act repealed or amended.

### Election of 2223

Following DeWitt's Presidency, the top contenders in the Presidential Election of 2223 were Libertarian Norris Rambo and Conservative Michael England. Polls placed the two neck and neck; the Presidency was largely regarded as a tossup race. The following election was the closest in Kramerian history, with Rambo winning with only 50.4% of final ballots.

Meanwhile, the Tripartisan Compromise gave rise to a new Libertarian Democratic movement. They claimed that it was a good start, yet that Krameria would avoid another debt crisis if the Kramerian people decided where the nation's funding was spent. The Libertarian Democrats gained a sizable number of seats in the 56th National Congress, having gained seven, yet did not have the support for a People's Choice Spending Act.

### Treaty of Rangiroa

Early in the Rambo Administration, many Kramerians took note of the fact that former American Imperialist soldiers governing the Republic of Populana were oppressing the native Polynesians on the 50 islands the nation inhabited. Seeing that the Petre Massacre pushed the American Imperialist soldiers to the southern Polynesian islands, President Rambo met with Populanan Head Diplomat George Curtis in 2224 to discuss an end to the Polynesian oppression, and a re-integration of the American soldiers into Krameria. The two nations would subsequently form the "Treaty of Rangiroa", which essentially stated that the Republic of Populana would dissolve, that the American soldiers would be provided with compensation upon their re-entry into Krameria, and that they would retain full rights as citizens.

Michael England and his Conservative Party vehemently objected to this treaty, saying that the soldiers were oppressing people in Populana and that it was therefore ridiculous and dangerous to let them back into Krameria. Meanwhile, President Rambo and others claimed that they reverted to oppressive ways, because Petre cut their habilitation into Kramerian culture short. By accepting them, Rambo claimed that Krameria would be able to resume that process. Since Conservatives did not possess anything near a Congressional majority, the treaty was ratified on July 13, 2224.

### Election of 2225

During his administration, President Rambo largely advocated for reducing government spending, and pulling back parts of the Tripartisan Compromise. This would cause fissure in the Libertarian Party, as Vice President Teddy Hill agreed with Rambo on social matters, yet thought that economic socialism was the way to progress Krameria forward. Because of this, Hill and other left-wing Libertarians left the party and formed the "Rose Torch Party", which combined both Social Democratic and Libertarian policy and was in favor of preserving the Tripartisan Compromise.

Meanwhile, the returning Populanans formed their own party that election known as the "Solidarity Party", which on paper advocated for acceptance of Populanans, and an end to the romanticism of the American-Kramerian War.

### Human Trafficking Crisis

During Populana's time, the American soldiers oppressed the native Polynesians by enslaving them and forcing them to build the islands into a nation suitable for the Americans. Over the course of Populana's nine-year history, slavery did little to build the nation into a developed country. The American Populanans, however, retained ownership over their slaves, and brought them to Krameria once Populana was dissolved. Because of this, Krameria saw a spike in human trafficking in the mid-2220s, from all the American Populanans returning to Krameria. The victims even spoke out, saying that the Populanans were using them for extra votes in their Solidarity Party during that election.

As the nation reacted with horror, President Rambo issued an executive order to enforce the Constitution's anti-slavery provisions. The Department of Justice was instructed to prosecute all human traffickers in Krameria. The order contained an addition provision, however, which stated that if human traffickers freed their victims before being prosecuted by the Department of Justice, no criminal charges would be pressed against them. For some slave owners, this was enough to cause them to free their slaves. Most, however, were phased little by President Rambo's action.

Additionally, because President Rambo had significantly decreased funding for the Department of Justice, much of Krameria's police forces were ineffective in stopping the human traffickers. Because of this, human trafficking was not stopped at the rate that was preferable in Krameria. Michael England used this to fuel his next Presidential campaign in 2227, as he criticized President Rambo for "letting human trafficking sweep the nation." Rambo, meanwhile, defended both his administration and the Treaty of Rangiroa, saying that the slavery would have happened anyways, and that Krameria was now able to put a stop to it. England used this to his advantage; he stated that because Krameria was now able to put a stop to the human trafficking, he would fund the Department of Justice to do so. With this, England defeated Rambo in the Election of 2227, in addition to Solidarity human trafficker Earl Korben.

As President, England repealed President Rambo's human trafficking executive order, and replaced it with one ordering the Department of Justice to prosecute all human traffickers. Additionally, President England significantly increased funding for the Department of Justice, so as to convict more human traffickers. By the end of England's first Presidential term, human traffickers were significantly less common, as many had fled back to Polynesia in an attempt to re-institute Populana. Because of his success in "ending slavery", as many proclaimed, England won re-election by a landslide, with no Solidarity nominee even running in the election.

### Kramerian Imperialism

The 2230s would see a rise in Kramerian imperialism. In 2230, Hawaii voted in its third national allegiance referendum to join the Republic of Krameria. Out of compliance with the treaty, President England accepted it into Krameria as the nation's fifth state. Thus, the 60th National Congress would be the first to possess 50 members as opposed to 40.

Additionally, the subsequent Hill Administration (2235 - 2239) would oversee the annexation of the Federal Polynesian Commonwealth in 2236, when the developing nation's economy became too unstable for it to sustain itself. Upon the Commonwealth being annexed by Krameria, there was dispute amongst Congress regarding what to do with the new territory. Some called for it to be added as the sixth state, whereas others thought it was best as a self-governing territory that Krameria sustained. President Teddy Hill thought statehood was the best option for the Commonwealth, and differed from most of his party in doing so; Social Democrats and Rose Torchmen largely favored self-autonomy with economic aid from Krameria.

### Constitution-Referendum Democracy & Hill's Constitutional Convention

In 2235, Rose Torchman Teddy Hill successfully won the Presidency, defeating incumbent President England in his attempt for a third term. In addition to promising Libertarian social philosophy and far-left economic policy, Hill promised to hold frequent polls for a policy he called "Constitutional-Referendum Democracy"; essentially, he would take approval rating polls of the Constitution, and would call forth a convention to reform it if approval was below 67%.

In his first Constitutional poll, Hill found that only 64% of Kramerians approved of the Constitution in his current condition. Thus, Hill called forth a new Constitutional Convention, with all states sending Delegates, in addition to all political parties, apart from that of the former Solidaritarians. Over the next three years, the Convention developed a new Constitution which was largely the same as the established one, yet with an added "New House of Representatives" to accompany the "Upper House of Representatives". The New House would be elected via proportional voting, while the Upper House would be elected via STV on a state level.

#### Expanded Declaration of Rights

In the new Constitution, the Convention expanded the Declaration of Rights. Rose Torchmen and Social Democrats advocated for the addition of positive rights to the Constitution, whereas Conservatives and Libertarians opposed it. To compensate, leftists in the Convention approached the Conservatives with an offer of a right that would prevent violators of these rights from entering the country, and which would additionally strip those who interfere in elections of their Kramerian citizenship.

#### Outcome

The final proposal passed the Convention with all members signing onto it. Upon its proposal in 2238, it would receive 59% of the vote in its national referendum, yet would not be ratified. Thus, Hill's Convention dissolved with the Constitution proposal having failed.

### Rise of the People's Progress Party

In the buildup to the 2239 General Election, a rich Greek businessman known as Alexander Alexanders immigrated to Krameria in search of opportunity. Having fled from the state government of Greece on bribery charges, Alexanders declared his candidacy for President soon after arriving, and stood on a platform that would see Krameria become an agriculture and manufacturing powerhouse. Meanwhile, he would gradually import voters from foreign nations on the basis of this being "good for the global economy." The Hill Administration caught onto this, and subsequently pressed charges against Alexanders. The trial had not concluded upon polls being opened, however, and Alexanders was thus an official candidate on the ballot.

Although President Hill issued an executive order in an attempt to prevent Alexanders from importing more voters, the damage was already done. Alexanders had a large base of support, and additionally had bought out much land in the State of Hawaii. Because he was additionally threatening those who rented his land to kick them out if they did not vote for him, he attained more voters out of fear. With these factors in mind, Alexanders successfully won the Presidency.

### Alexanders Administration

On taking office, President Alexanders issued an executive order halting his prosecution, and preventing any legal action from being taken against him. Seeing this, various private citizens would commence investigations into President Alexanders, so as to obtain evidence for themselves. In doing so, they discovered the corrupt means he used to get elected. Later, it was additionally discovered that Alexanders embezzled money during his time in office.

After nearly two years of Alexanders in office, Congress impeached Alexanders. Wanting to avoid conviction, he resigned on February 13, 2241, and would later be found guilty in court as a private citizen.

#### Hawaiian Secession

In 2240, Hawaii voted to secede from Krameria and rejoin the United States. Supporters of secession claimed that while Krameria was prosperous during the Third Golden Age, the Alexanders Administration proved it was not stable in the present moment, and that Hawaii would be better off in its former position as an American state. Secessionists additionally noted the stability of the United States, and that they seemed to replicate a Kramerian golden age in their present politics more than Krameria was.

Because of this, the size of Congress reduced from 50 to 40 in the 65th National Congress. Krameria was gradually losing territory.

### Alexanders Aftermath

Following the Alexanders Administration, two courses of action were immediately taken. Firstly, Congress saw that the People's Krameria's Right to Land Act was still highly important in the modern nation. Thus, they sent it to President Artemis Tamaq, who signed it into effect. Next, the Kramerian people took it upon themselves to conduct a recall elections. In addition to recalling all People's Progressive seats, the Kramerian people instituted the first recall election for the Presidency in 2241. They thought the election was stolen from incumbent President Hill, and therefore wanted to give him the chance for a second term.

As the recall was put into place, however, former human trafficker Romulus Stefano declared his own intent to run for President from prison. He alleged that the People's Progress Party was still at large, and that Krameria needed to get "tough on crime". Stefano proclaimed that because he was a former human trafficker, he knows how the criminals think.

Seeing Stefano gain popular support, President Tamaq pardoned Stefano and allowed him to run for President. Facing former President Michael England in the Conservative primary, Stefano won with just 51% of the vote to England's 49%. Seeing this, England broke away from the Conservatives to form his own "Unionist Party", which had the Conservative platform, but with an anti-pardon mentality.

In the final election, Stefano would face former President Hill, former President England, and Vice President William Hersey. While Hersey obtained the initial plurality of first-choice votes, the final ballot would see Stefano win with 61% to Hersey's 39%.

### Stefano Administration

On taking office, Stefano would bring about radical change to Krameria. He started by pardoning all former human traffickers and re-instituting "rehabilitation policy." Additionally, Stefano, as Conservative Leader, mandated the Conservatives in Congress to possess a party whip and to abide by party lines. Congressional Speaker Burt Donaldson further announced that he would not take any non-Conservative bills to the floor.

Because of this, many would accuse both Stefano and Donaldson of being corrupt and contrary to Kramerian values. Stefano countered with a new movement that actively opposed Classical Kramerian values, and attempted to declare a "new culture". Some were outraged by this, and began protesting for Stefano and his new Conservatives to resign. Others, meanwhile, welcomed this movement as a new age of progress not previously seen before.

In the buildup to the 2243 Midterms, Social Democrats, Rose Torchmen, Liberals, and Unionists formed a "Neo-Red-Blue-Gold Coalition" to counter Stefano's movement. While the coalition was popular, it would ultimately lose Congressional seats to Stefano, as many Kramerians were persuaded by his zeal and rhetoric of "progress". Because of this, Conservatives gained four seats; they additionally possessed half of Congress.

Yet the Conservatives' victory was incredibly close, and there was now a sizable population in Krameria which disapproved of Stefano's Presidency. Because of this, Stefano realized he had to resort to other measures to get elected. In the 66th National Congress, President Stefano successfully passed policy which shredded social welfare and benefits, thus leaving those impoverished without aid. Because of this, many former slaves backslid into poverty, as did other Kramerians. To counter this, Stefano created a new discrete program as Conservative Leader known as the "Conservative Voting Employment Program"; essentially, people would be employed to vote for Stefano and other Conservatives.

Come time for the Election of 2245, influential former Congressional Speaker and incumbent Supreme Court Justice Charles Popule announced an independent candidacy against Stefano. In his campaign, Popule promised a return to Classical Kramerian values, so much so to the point where he would be an "impartial President". Stefano, meanwhile, accused Popule of being "stuck in the past" and being "in the way of progress". In the election, Stefano won with 57% of first-choice votes.

In response to losing, many Kramerians concluded that bipartisanship was dead in the country, especially since Conservatives obtained 34 out of the 40 seats that election. While President Stefano proclaimed this a "victory for a prosperous Krameria", those who still subscribed to Classical Kramerian values began fleeing from Krameria to the United States of America, which was undergoing its own period of bipartisan democracy.

#### End of Kramerian Imperialism

In mid-2245, the state government of Kauai voted to secede from Krameria and rejoin the United States. It reasoned that many of its citizens were leaving for the American State of Hawaii anyways, and it was therefore only fitting. Not wanting to suffer the costs of a civil war, President Stefano negotiated a deal with Kauai that would see them pay Krameria money in exchange for secession. Stefano additionally conferred with both the state government of Hawaii and the United States federal government, both of which agreed to aid in paying the cost. On September 8, 2245, Kauai was officially transferred from Krameria to the United States.

Following this, the Federal Polynesian Commonwealth began their own secessionist movement out of fear for what the Conservatives in Congress would do to their territory; especially since President Stefano himself was a former human trafficker. In response to this, Stefano said he would grant the Commonwealth independence if its leadership paid Krameria a hefty sum of money. When the Polynesian Chancellor responded that the Commonwealth could not afford what Stefano was asking, Stefano discretely sent the military to abduct various Polynesians as compensation. On December 6, 2246, the Federal Polynesian Commonwealth once again received independence as an impoverished nation.

To cover up what had happened, President Stefano and the Conservative Party began spreading anti-imperialist propaganda. They stated that the Stefano Administration had accomplished progress by granting the Commonwealth independence, and even demonized the Polynesians so as to say Krameria did not want them as citizens anyways. With that, Krameria was once again its own island in the Pacific; it did not possess any additional territory.

#### 2247 Whistleblowers

Following the Midterm Election of 2247, many who had been exploited by Stefano and the Conservative Party would finally speak out. They exposed the tactics Stefano's Conservative Party had used since 2245, and claimed that the Kramerian people needed to act to restore democracy. In response to this, the Democratic State of Latomé passed the "National Justice Act", which essentially gave the state government the right to prosecute citizens for violating federal crimes, and lock them up in state prisons with the same sentences as they would receive from a federal court.

As Latomé began prosecuting those guilty of violating federal law, Congress proceeded to pass the "Restoration of Sane Prosecution Act", which prohibited anyone but the federal government from prosecuting federal crimes. This act shut down any prosecution of Conservative officials; the Conservative Party maintained its near-universal power.

### Fall of the Fourth Republic

In response to the Restoration of Sane Prosecution Act, Samuel Fu, the Latomé Peer who initially proposed the National Justice Act, declared his candidacy for President. He campaigned on ending Conservative corruption, and bringing back both democracy and justice to Krameria. While his campaign was popular, he ultimately lost to Conservative nominee Arthur Pendergast.

On taking office, President Pendergast's inauguration speech declared that the Republic of Krameria is dead, its people no longer inhabited the land, and that its values were outdated. Pendergast announced that he and the Conservatives had written a new Constitution, and that Congress was ready to pass it. The Constitution would dissolve the Republic of Krameria and replace it with a unitary government known as the "Conservative Republic of Stefania", named for President Stefano. On May 21, 2249, Congress passed the Stefanian Constitution. Upon its ratification on June 1, 2249, the Republic of Krameria officially dissolved.

## Conservative Republic of Stefania

While most do not consider the Conservative Republic of Stefania and official Kramerian government, most consider the government's reign over the nation as an official part of Kramerian history; it ties directly to the island's politics, in addition to the Republic of Krameria's eventual re-establishment in 2259.

### Government System

The Conservative Republic of Stefania rendered the Kramerian island under the control of a one-party state. Only Conservatives could run for the elected Presidency, and the Conservative Party Leader could remove anyone from their place in the party. Additionally, the Party Leader directly appointed Congressmen to serve for life, and served in place of a Supreme Court. The Party Leader himself served for life, and the Conservatives elected his replacement upon his death or retirement. Non-Conservatives were able to vote for President, yet could not serve in government themselves.

### Fifth Kramerian Civil War

Since 2245, Plotonia city Police Chief Doau Ark attempted to gain warrants to arrest the corrupt politicians from Arcadia. Upon receiving no warrants from judges, his efforts would continuously prove in vain. Seeing that Krameria was now replaced with Stefania, however, Ark decided that it was time to take extralegal measures. Upon the birth of Stefania, Ark would contact other police forces near his city in an attempt to coup the government and re-establish the Republic of Krameria.

Over the next four months, Ark would gradually build his united police force in secret. On October 4, 2249, Ark's police force stormed both Congress and the Presidential Mansion and arrested all establishment politicians. They could not, however, reach Party Leader Stefano, thus seeing him rally the army to Stefania's defense before Ark could take complete control.

Meanwhile, Ark's police force informed William Hersey that he was now President of the Republic of Krameria, having been Vice President to Pendergast that the police force did not think was guilty of corruption. Reluctantly, Hersey agreed, so as to maintain stability. As President, Hersey attempted to negotiate with Ark to release the Stefanian government. Ark continuously refused, saying that the government was corrupt and needed to be imprisoned for their subversion of democracy.

While Ark successfully pushed back Stefanian control, the war was largely a stalemate. In Kramerian-controlled territory, President Hersey largely acted as a dictator attempting to maintain the rule of law, as did Party Leader Stefano in his territory. Five months into the war, the United States government would notice and pass the "Kramerian Territories Act", which de-recognized both the Republic of Krameria and Conservative Republic of Stefania. On March 22, 2250, American troops landed on the Kramerian island, and swiftly began occupying territory for themselves.

Seeing Krameria engulfed in bloodshed, President Hersey concluded that Krameria had to take drastic measures to obtain peace. He met with American Secretary of State Michael Interva and Secretary of Defense Henry King to formalize a peace treaty that would see Krameria submit to American annexation. The resulting "Treaty of Ecrad" would establish the "United Territories of Krameria", and would see Dovania, Latomé, Arcadia, and Fortitude each become self-governing American territories. Furthermore, the "President of Krameria" would be a symbolic position for the American Cabinet official assigned to enforce American law on the island. The treaty was put in place on April 28, 2250.

## United Territories of Krameria

Much like Stefania, the United Territories largely isn't considered an official Kramerian republic, yet is considered an important part of Kramerian history. The period began with the Republic of Krameria surrendering to American annexation, and the Treaty of Ecrad being signed.

Immediately following the treaty's ratification, the American military began focusing on defeating the Stefanian military and capturing Romulus Stefano. On July 30, 2250, they successfully did so, and tried both Stefano and the rest of his Conservatives in an American court of law for both crimes specified in the Anti-Corruption Act, in addition to Treason against Krameria. Upon their conviction, American President Henry Doss himself visited Fortitude to give a speech on how this was a great victory for both the American and Kramerian people. Doss stated, in his speech, that the two people worked collectively to defeat "the last remnants of the Imperialist Party", which Doss alleged had brought about great destruction to both peoples. He additionally honored the Classical Kramerian ideals established by the People's Uprising, and stated that he was "excited for Krameria to once again pursue them with [America's] help." He additionally postured the United States as a nation that was now upholding Kramerian ideals ever since the collapse of the Imperialist Party. Doss concluded his speech by saying new elections for the President of Krameria were to commence, and that "The Kramerian spirit [was] restored."

Because of this shared morality, in addition to both the Conservatives' convictions, and the fact that President Hersey was now actively helping rebuild the former Kramerian states, American jurisdiction was initially welcomed by the Kramerian people, and seen as the new way of progressing the land's spirit forward. While Krameria was not an independent nation, the people living in the United Territories felt more regional pride than at any point since the establishment of the Fourth Republic.

### Exiled Republic of Krameria

While most welcomed American governance with open arms, there were some Kramerians who were distrustful of this foreign power controlling their land, and who wished to pursue independence as quickly as possible. These were known as the "Kramerian Nationalists."

The Nationalists first convened in Tombia on Christmas of 2250. Led by Charles Popule, the convention concluded that so long as Krameria was under American jurisdiction, they would govern independently in secret from an "Exiled Republic of Krameria". Among the Nationalists, there were two major factions: One was the "Pacifists", who advocated that while the Exiled Republic should operate independently from Krameria and even the state governments, it should not engage in active conflict with either the United States and/or state governments. The other faction was known as the "War Hawks", who advocated for taking back Kramerian independence by force and engaging in rebellion.

Upon being formed, Charles Popule was elected Preisdent on Christmas Day. While opposed by War Hawk Winston Wilson, Popule easily won by a landslide, having received 88% of the vote to Wilson's 12%. While Popule and other Nationalists claimed he was elected as the 38th President of Krameria, historians largely reject this title, and instead name him the 1st President of the Exiled Republic; he possesses the title of "President", yet never held the official office.

During the Popule Administration, the Exiled Republic would focus on obtaining established land and recognition from foreign nations. While it never established any bearing in the major cities, various rural areas would pledge their loyalty to the Exiled Republic over the United States, and vowed not to enforce American law. Regarding foreign nations, the Exiled Republic largely failed to obtain recognition, with many nations being simply unwilling to go against the United States. While foreign affairs proved bleak, however, President Popule and the Provisional Congress were successful in establishing a functioning source of revenue and a standing military, albeit one too weak to counter the United States.

Being incredibly popular, President Popule won a second term in 2255. Two years into his administration, however, Popule died while in office at age 97. Thus, Doau Ark took office as the 2nd President of the Exiled Republic, and largely acted as a caretaker President. While the Exiled Republic remained stable during his Presidency, little progress was made in terms of advancements. Seeing this as an opportunity, Victor Petre II, having been released from prison during the Fifth Kramerian Civil War, involved himself in the Exiled Republic and declared his candidacy for President. He negotiated with influential Pacifist Alexander DeWitt, the 66-year-old grandson of Justin DeWitt I, to support him in this campaign, saying that while the Exiled Republic would wage a war against the United States, he would let DeWitt determine humanitarian standards for combat.

Upon winning the Presidential election of 2259, President Petre put the Exiled Republic's military to action. Terrorist attacks were launched against various sites in Fortitude on May 17, 2257, as Krameria was once again enveloped in chaos. As the American military arrived back on the island, Petre hit the newly-reforged states too, and employed hit-and-run tactics against the United States. Petre's terrorist attacks, while targeted at President Hersey and American law-enforcement agencies, often harmed civilians, thus going against Vice President DeWitt's rules of war conduct. Because of this, Vice President DeWitt approached President Jay Faraday and Vice President Hersey with a deal that stated the Republic of Krameria would work to arrest and execute Petre if granted independence. Hesitant, Hersey decided to approach the United States government with this offer, saying that it would help the Kramerian citizens. The United States ultimately agreed, under the condition that the Kramerian island would operate under a "two-government system", with the United States and the Republic of Krameria sharing the island as joint territory. Krameria could enforce its law to its fullest extent on the island, as could the United States with its own. Krameria and the United States would additionally enter into an alliance with one another. This agreement was ratified on July 27, 2259, thus creating the Fifth Republic of Krameria.

Following the formation of the Fifth Republic, Vice President DeWitt informed the military that Krameria had obtained a greater sense of independence. Seeing that the Kramerian government could function without the United States, the Exiled Republic's military turned on Petre and arrested him on August 5, 2259. After a month, Victor Petre II was finally executed on September 6, 2259.

## Fifth Republic of Krameria

In the Treaty of Fortitude, which established the Fifth Republic, Presidential and Congressional elections were mandated to be held on August 10, 2259. Incumbent President Faraday declined to run for re-election, both because he had technically served two terms by that point, and because "leading an independent nation [was] much different than leading three American territories", as Faraday stated. Faraday instead opted to serve another term as William Hersey's Vice President.

The election would primarily be between Hersey and DeWitt, with Hersey running under his own "Hersey Imperial Party" and DeWitt running as an independent. The election would primarily be about how to present Krameria as an independent nation, with DeWitt promising to uphold a "Popule strategy" of a strong military and strong foreign affairs, whereas Hersey alleged that Krameria needed to expand into land that only it controlled. In the final election, especially given his previous acts as President, Hersey won with a 61% landslide, to DeWitt's 31% and Nationalist War Hawk Homulus Ben Bakstansky's 8%.

### Hersey Administration

Upon becoming President, Hersey would largely prioritize two main policies: Firstly, he created the "Department of Herseyan Records" to replace the Church of Tomulus's former work and maintain a record of Kramerian history. Hersey thought that Krameria's national pride came from its history of endurance, and thus thought that the nation must protect it at all costs. Additionally, Hersey began extensively funding the Kramerian military, which received support from Hersey Imperialists, in addition to those who opposed Hersey's imperialist tactics.

In September of 2259, President Hersey entered into negotiations with the Federal Polynesian Commonwealth in an attempt to get the territory to rejoin the nation. Upon the Commonwealth's refusal, Hersey issued an executive order in November that would see the Kramerian military invade the country. Without question, the military obliged. Upon seeing this, Congress would be swift to impeach Hersey, with only four Congressmen voting against his impeachment. Hersey would be removed from office on December 13, 2259, and would subsequently emigrate from the nation with an embittered speech on how it was dead and would never regain its former glory.

### Faraday Administration

Hersey would be succeeded by his Vice President, Jay Faraday. Upon taking office, Faraday signed the "Constitutional Supremacy Act", which criminalized compliance with unconstitutional executive orders and/or laws.

Over the course of the Faraday Administration, the economy in Krameria would largely decline. By the end of his administration, the Kramerian government could hardly afford to do anything, which left some of the citizens who rely on government aid impoverished. Despite this, President Faraday refused to decrease either taxes and/or military spending, saying that both were "necessary for protecting Kramerian sovereignty." Since he chose not to run for a second term, Faraday left office with the Kramerian economy as the worst it's been since the Recession of the 2150s.

### The Nationalists

This new economic turmoil would be fertile ground for Bakstansky in 2263. That year, he and members of his new political party known as the "Nationalist Party" ran for office in the General Election. Bakstansky was the candidate for President, and largely ran on an anti-American platform. Bakstansky reasoned that they were stripping Krameria of its rightful autonomy, and that he would pursue 100% control of the Kramerian island. Additionally, he would pledge to vastly bolster military spending. Meanwhile, although the Nationalist Party was not built on a platform that was meant to institute this, Bakstansky himself was a fiscal conservative, and wanted to lower taxes for the purpose of "economically liberating the Kramerian people".

Bakstansky's zeal would see him win the Presidential Election. On taking office, Bakstansky and his Nationalists proposed the "National Kramerian Deal", which would institute President Bakstansky's taxation and spending policies. In Congress, Bakstansky's plan would pass by a margin of only 2 votes, as 14 Nationalists and 7 independents voted in its favor.

Meanwhile, President Bakstansky also plotted direct executive action in opposition to the United States. He worked with the Department of State to openly help Americans move to Krameria, and thus challenge the American federal government in this regard. Seeing a foreign government acting within their nation, American Defense Secretary Michael Adams dispatched the American military to the Kramerian island in the name of it being "American territory". By November of 2263, skirmishes broke out between American and Kramerian forces. Bakstansky's Nationalists reacted to the American forces arriving as more reason to dissent to the United States, as they were fighting Kramerians. Those who opposed President Bakstansky, however, deemed that his actions in the United States were unacceptable, and that he was potentially to blame for a new war.

By January of 2264, American forces now controlled a significant chunk of Krameria, as the American Department of the Interior had even issued a directive saying that territory under American military control would not be treated as joint territory. The Americans were preparing to launch an assault on Fortitude, and many were now panicking that the end of the Republic of Krameria was near. Protests broke out for President Bakstansky to negotiate or resign, as a growing anti-Nationalist sentiment took hold in Krameria. Seeing this, Vice President Konrad Armstrong persuaded President Bakstansky to resign.

On taking office, President Armstrong entered into negotiations directly with the American military Generals invading. Armstrong alleged that if they were to aid Krameria rather than the United States, Armstrong's government could compensate them. For many Generals, this worked directly. For others, Armstrong bribed their subordinates to mutiny. By March of 2264, many American military forces were now loyal to Armstrong and the Kramerian government.

Seeing this, American Secretary of State Quinton Forest made a deal with Armstrong, creating a new treaty which stated that the United States would give up their control over the island and maintain recognition over the Republic of Krameria. Meanwhile, Krameria would not be able to conduct business in other countries, and would have to pay back the United States reparations. In August of 2264, this treaty would be ratified.

Over the course of Armstrong's remaining Presidency, Krameria's economy would largely decline, as federal funds would dwindle even from their limits in the Faraday Administration. Despite this, Armstrong would refuse to raise taxes, or cut military spending. This policy would deal a major blow to the Nationalist Party in the 2265 Midterm Election. Upon the 74th National Congress's assumption of office, Congress passed the "Economy Stabilization Act", which essentially reversed all of President Bakstansky's economic policies. Although President Armstrong vetoed this bill, Congress overturned the veto. Thus, Krameria would finally be focused on regaining its economic control. Upon seeing his veto overturned, however, President Armstrong resigned from his position. His successor, James Tsabil, was a moderate Nationalist who opposed the United States, yet supported the Economy Stabilization Act.

### The Administrative Period

Come time for the 2270s, Kramerian government spending had come to a halt. The government and public mentality was largely in a direction of preservation, rather than accomplishment, and the government thus did little to benefit the lives of the Kramerian people. Meanwhile, they still imposed rather high taxes, thus meaning that job creation at the start of the decade was minimal. Ultimately, the Kramerian government did not provide many of the services it did in its earlier days.

To fill this gap, American military soldiers who had defected from the United States used the money they received from the Armstrong Administration to fill this gap. In 2270, many began forming private companies known as "administrations", which would charge a fee from local governments in exchange for combatting crime. Large cities across the three Kramerian states began enlisting these administrations rapidly. Soon, owning or working for an administration was one's best opportunity for economic mobility in Krameria.

By 2275, most municipalities employed an administration as a substitute for government law enforcement. Their actions were more prominent than any funded by the Kramerian government. Because of this, a large minority in Krameria began seeing the administrations as undemocratic governments. Most, however, welcomed the service they brought as vital for maintaining decent living spaces, and noted that they were private entities who acted regardless of the Kramerian government. When questioned on the issue, President Joshua MacIntyre stated that he would not have the Kramerian government interfere with the administrations' work, and that the "free market" could maintain order while the government was not.

Because taxation was high and government spending was low during this time, the Kramerian government slowly built up its reserves. By the end of the Revial Presidency, economists predicted that Krameria could once again spend government funds whilst not necessarily jeopardizing economic stability. Because of this, Morris Sanders would lead a campaign on doing just this, as he and the "Workers Party" advocated for instituting social democracy. In the 2283 General Election, Sanders won the Presidency, as the Workers Party secured nearly half of Congress.

Upon being elected, Sanders proposed the "Workers Empowerment Act", which essentially created programs for Kramerian citizens to receive government benefits. Because the Workers Party did not possess a majority in Congress, this act failed. In response to this, President Sanders compromised with various independents led in negotiations by Adrian Viat, and made it so one had to possess a job to receive these benefits. This version of the act was put into effect in late October of 2284.

Upon the time the act took effect, the Kramerian government's funds once again dwindled. Various economists thought that while the Republic could provide these programs for a few years, this was not sustainable long-term, and that the Republic would eventually have to start preserving funds again. Because of this, the Nationalist Party reformed, and instituted President Bakstansky's economic platform. In 2285, both the Nationalist and Workers Parties controlled sizable portions of Congress, with the Workers Party now retaining 19 seats and Nationalists gaining 11. Despite their opposition, the Workers Party managed to retain the Sanders-Viat Compromise in effect. Come time for the General Election of 2287, however, Viat would run as an independent and promise a return to controlled spending. That election, he successfully unseated Sanders for the Presidency.

Under the Viat Presidency, spending was reduced, and the Kramerian economy once again began to stabilize. Over the course of his eight-year Presidency, Viat consistently kept spending low, and was largely a "preservationist" alongside most independents in Congress. The influence of both the Workers and Nationalist Parties additionally began to decline. By 2293, both parties only had one Representative in Congress each.

While Kramerian quality of life had improved during the Viat Presidency, not all were satisfied. In 2295, an ambitious upstart known as "Gaius Retter" came forward with a new party known as the "Common Man's Advocate". Essentially, this party alleged that the private administrations were stripping Krameria of its democracy, and that the Kramerian government had to outlaw their practices. Due to Retter's zeal, he successfully won the General Election of 2295.

Early in his Presidency, he proposed a bill that would accomplish his main agenda. Since the Common Man's Advocate only secured eight seats in the 90th National Congress, Congress initially refused to pass President Retter's agenda. In response to this, President Retter issued an executive order which directly prevented municipal governments from hiring the administrations. Upon the issue of this order, the influence the administrations had were swiftly cut in half. The profits the administrations received significantly reduced, as many had to lay many law enforcers off. Because of their reduced impact, the crime rate in Krameria slowly rose over the late 2290s.

Because of the rising crime rate and hole left by the administrations' decline, Congress caved to President Retter's plan to establish a federal law enforcement program in 2297. The federal government would take it upon themselves to directly enforce Krameria's laws. Upon the enactment of the bill, Retter's law enforcement program would not only take up the work from the administrations, but would also put down various attempts by the administrations to still go about law enforcement. Over the course of the next two years, the increased influence of Retter's program would see it become more and more costly. The Republic's funds would once again dwindle, which was not help by the high increase in unemployment; much of Krameria's employment opportunities, after all, came from the administrations.

While many credited Retter for "retaking Kramerian democracy" from the administrations, others viewed his Presidency as a hinderance for Krameria; they viewed him as one who put too much of a burden on the government, and who stripped a stable system from municipalities and private companies simply because of his rhetorical ideology. Come time for the General Election of 2299, Congressional Speaker Ash Ricci led an intense campaign opposing President Retter, alleging that economic stability and peace could be restored by legalizing administrative action and formation. Given Krameria's condition, Ricci successfully won the Presidency.

On taking office, President Ricci successfully repealed the "People's Law Enforcement Act", and re-instituted the policy of the Viat Presidency. Within the next year, the administrations began to retake control of Krameria. As they did so, new controversy arose. Because they saw their livelihoods were now at stake, many administrations adopted "private civil law", which essentially meant that in addition to enforcing laws separately from the federal government, they would also create their own laws to enforce. They claimed that because they were separate entities, they could create and enforce their own policy separately from the government.

While hardline supporters of the administrations supported this new policy, many panicked and saw this as unelected entities imposing their control over municipalities. Because of this, the early 2300s saw a new wave of support take hold for the Common Man's Advocate. Even Vice President John Restora stated that "failing to re-elect President Retter was a mistake", and refused to run with President Ricci for her re-election campaign. Gaius Retter would once again face Ash Ricci in the Presidential Election, and won a second term in office in 2303. Upon taking office, President Retter would begin planning the logistics of having the administrations permanently shut down.

In January of 2304, President Retter proposed the "People's Final Siege Act", which would not only criminalize the administrations' actions, but would also prosecute the administrations ex-post-facto. A week after this bill's proposal, many Constitutional attorneys already began preparations to challenge it in court. Some who even opposed the administrations commenced a plan to have only the ex-post-facto provisions struck from the bill, while keeping the rest. Some of the more corrupt administrations, however, had their own plans.

#### Fortitude Massacre & End of the Fifth Republic

On January 27, 2304, Alexander Alexanders II, the grandson of President Alexander Alexanders, launched an assault on Fortitude in an attempt to end the Retter Presidency and preserve his business practices. In the resulting Fortitude Massacre, Alexanders announced that the Kramerian government was dead, and that the administrations now directly governed the nation. He additionally claimed that his administration would directly own Fortitude.

During this seizure of power, Alexanders's law enforcement wreaked havoc across the Kramerian capital. Many government officials were killed, including President Retter, Vice President Frederickson, Speaker Demex, and Deputy Speaker Mon among others. Much of the city's infrastructure additionally incurred destruction. Leaving one's house during this event would have been deadly.

The Fortitude Massacre not only brought about destruction to the city of Fortitude, but ended the Fifth Republic. Krameria was now without a government; and in this new power vacuum would result the Sixth Kramerian Civil War.

## Sixth Kramerian Civil War

### Formation of the Administrative Council

Upon the fall of the Fifth Republic, administration-owner Lex Geon called for a convention to be held in Place de la Revolution for all administrations that were willing to attend. In the resulting convention, Geon stated that the administrations had total power over Krameria, and that if national unity was to be restored, the administrations had to unite and take back Fortitude together. Most administrations agreed that restoring the Republic was best for them and best for the larger island. Thus, the "United Administrations" was formed on February 21, 2304, as was a plan to take back the Kramerian capital. Lex Geon was unanimously named "President of the Council", yet is not officially recognized as a President of Krameria.

### Liberation of Fortitude

Over the course of the next month, the United Administrations worked to retake Krameria. They snuffed out major pockets of resistance and were ready to launch their assault on Fortitude on March 25, 2304. On doing so, they successfully secured the city within 10 hours of the initial assault, easily routing Alexanders's forces from the city and capturing Alexander Alexanders himself. On March 26, a new Constitution written by Charlatan Freland, a distant relative of Presidents Charles and Andrew Freland, was instituted and the Sixth Republic of Krameria was formed.

## Sixth Republic of Krameria

### New Constitution

Upon the formation of the Sixth Republic, Krameria enacted Charlatan Freland's Constitution. The Constitution mainly kept the nation's government system from the People's Krameria onward, yet included two new provisions in the Declaration of Rights. Article XV was added guaranteeing the Kramerian people a "Right to Serve", which protected the ability for private administrations to form and for municipalities to engage in conduct with the administrations. A second paragraph to the article additionally stated that the administrations would regulate themselves via the United Administrations council.

Additionally, a sixteenth article guaranteed a "Right to Democratic Law", which stated that private entities could not obstruct the enforcement of law passed by Congress. Additionally, the administrations would have no ability to exert any law onto communities. They could only regulate their business practices and employee conduct.

### Election of 2304

Upon the enactment of the new Constitution, the United Administrations ruled that the first General Election for the new republic would transpire on April 26, 2304, and that inaugurations would happen on May 13 in recognition of the People's Uprising and Fourth Republic.

Over the course of the next month, two new political parties emerged. The Common Man's Advocate retained its prominence, and put forth an even more zealous platform given the Fortitude Massacre. The Advocate called for the criminalization of administrations and for the Kramerian government to exclusively fund the enforcement of laws. Meanwhile, a party known as the "Republican Party" advocated for the Kramerian government to have an option to enforce laws, yet for Article XV to be kept. Republicans largely called for balance between the government and administrations.

A third party, meanwhile, alleged that Article XV and Article XVI were enough to keep the administrations in check. The "Enterprise Party" alleged that the high taxes were keeping Krameria in an economic stupor, and that they had to be reduced. In exchange for lowering taxes, the party advocated for also cutting spending, and privatizing all industry. This made the Enterprise Party largely pro-administration.

In the 95th National Congress, the Common Man's Advocate would win a plurality with 17 out of the 40 seats. Historians agree that the Fortitude Massacre instilled an element of fear in the Kramerian populous, and that they were thus distrustful of the administrations. In second, however, the Enterprise Party obtained 11 out of the 40 seats. Krameria had not seen economic prosperity for over half a century now, and the Enterprise platform was dedicated to changing this. Meanwhile, Republicans secured 7 seats and independents secured 4.

### People's Economic Reformation of 2304

Following the election, Krameria's main policy leaders met in a conference led by Charlatan Freland. Attendees of the Conference included President Restora, Common Man's Advocate Leader Alexander Stronet, Republican Leader Aaron Conser, and Enterprise Leader Maximilien Victron, all of whom had the goal of creating a unified plan for the nation. In the conference, both Victron and Restora pointed out how lowering taxes could do good for the nation, and how Lex Geon had already done wonders to save the nation through the private sector. Meanwhile, Conser and Stronet took the position that taxes needed to be kept at their previous level, so that the government could fund its necessary programs, especially those of law enforcement.

Freland, meanwhile, noted the economic policy of his distant relatives. He noted how President Charles Freland upheld a way for the government to supply opportunity to businesses, and how President Andrew Freland led a movement for citizens to directly choose where their tax dollars went. Freland used this to advocate for taxes to be kept at their current level, yet for citizens to choose where their taxes went. Additionally, Freland advocated for the federal government to restart a loan program. Stronet said he could agree to this, so long as government loans could not be used to create new administrations. Conser, meanwhile, insisted that citizens could only pick between law enforcement and the government loan program to divert their taxes, and that other smaller programs would be funded minimally and by the government's directive.

While Stronet, Conser, and Restora had agreed to Freland's plan, Victron denounced it. He insisted that taxes and spending had to be cut, and that more spending was not an effective compromise. He additionally alleged that tax cuts could allow the population to surge forward themselves without any extra debt to the government. Because of this, the conference amended their plan to introduce a different compromise. In addition to everything that was established, the conference proposed that hiring employees would be a tax write-off. All money spent on employing others would be deducted from taxes. The conference additionally wrote that law enforcement and the loan program would be the only thing the government would spend on. Reluctantly, Victron agreed, seeing that the Enterprise Party lacked a majority in Congress anyway, and that the bill would likely pass regardless of what he said. With his agreeance, however, Victron famously stated in the conference "The progress for enterprise doesn't end here"; a motto echoed throughout his party over the course of many Enterprise campaigns.

Upon the conference's conclusion in December of 2304, the five leaders proposed their compromise as the "People's Economic Reformation of 2304". The bill easily passed Congress, and was signed by President Restora in January of 2305.

### Fifth Kramerian Golden Age

#### Great Rise of 2305

Following the passage of the People's Economic Reformation of 2304, many Kramerians began taking advantage of the new opportunity at their disposal. Economic mobility was the highest it had been in 80 years, and various industries were returning to Krameria via the government loan program. Because economic prosperity began to increase rapidly in the nation, most historians mark 2305 as the commencement of the "Fifth Kramerian Golden Age". During this period, Classical Kramerian Values returned to the government in droves, and Kramerian quality of life reached the point it attained during the People's Krameria, late 22nd century and early 23rd century, DeWitt II Administration, and 2230s.

#### 96th National Congress

This new economic growth led many Kramerians to conclude that the established compromise was an ideal scenario for the nation, and that it was not simply the plan all parties could agree to. Those who thought this way formed a new party come time for the 2306 Midterm Election, with the goal of preserving the compromise and also making Krameria more immigrant-friendly, so that immigrants could find economic opportunity from Krameria and in turn contribute to the economy themselves. This party called themselves the "Neo-Populist Party".

In the 96th National Congress, the Neo-Populists secured a plurality, having 12 seats in total. Meanwhile, the Enterprise Party had 10, the Common Man's Advocate had 9, and the Republican Party had 8. Since no party which opposed the compromise could secure a majority, the status quo remained throughout the remainder of the Restora Presidency.

Meanwhile, the Neo-Populists pursued an agenda to provide increased opportunity to immigrants. The "New Citizen Integration Act" was popular amongst all Neo-Populists, 7 Enterprise Congressmen, 3 Common Man's Advocates, and 4 Republicans. Thus, it passed and was signed by President Restora into effect.

#### Rise of Kane Morale

On of the most influential businessmen at the start of the Fifth Golden Age would be a journalist known as Kane Morale. Using government a government loan, Morale started a paper known as the "New Democratic Beacon", which had the purpose of bringing to light corrupt actions from government officials. Over the course of its first three years in business, the paper would quickly rise to prominence, and would conduct investigations onto various government officials.

## Historical Records

### Church of Tomulus

During the People's Krameria, the Church of Tomulus was the first organization to extensively record the history of Krameria. Founded in 2127, their central belief was that Thomas Romulus I was a spiritual enemy, similarly to the Anti-Christ in Christianity or Dajjal in Islam, and that his son, who the church calls "Tomulus", went missing after a failed attempt to overthrow him. The church worships Alexander Plotonia as being the true messiah, and credit Samuel Brit, Justin DeWitt, Antonio ElConvict, Ninaad Rockstar, Marcus Cicero, Frederick Lan, and Michael Alban as other gods who serve Plotonia. The church additionally believes Theodore and Charles Romulus to be demons who serve the evil will of Thomas I.

Although very few believe the religion, the Church of Tomulus was well-respected in Kramerian society for being the first to maintain comprehensive records of Kramerian history. Because of this, their non-spiritual records are credited as the most credible from the Romulan Republic until TBD. Thus, most historians refer to the church's lists of government officials and detailed recounts of events as the most reliable. If one needed clarification on any history during this time, one would usually ask a Tomulust priest.