Second Brazilian Civil War

**Supported by:**

* Canada
* Russia
* Venezuela

	+ North Brazilian People's League
* Estado Novo loyalists

**Supported by:**

* Pacific States
* Third International

	+ Syndicalist States
	+ Mexico
	+ Central America
* Colombia

 Peru-Bolivia

* Guapore Clique

**Supported by:**

* Portugal

The **Second Brazilian Civil War**, also known as the **Treaty War** or the **Revolt of the North**, was a conflict fought in South America in the immediate aftermath of the Argentine-Brazilian War, a theater of the Second Weltkrieg.

After Argentine victory, the Estado Novo regime in Brazil completely collapsed, with Getúlio Vargas being deposed and executed by the Brazilian military. Forming an authoritarian military government to defend against both Argentines and their collaborationists, the unstable junta would be forced to gun down rioters after the Battle of Sorocaba created fears of Argentina reaching Sao Paulo. Forced to sign peace with Argentina, the Treaty of Porto Alegre would see Acre and Rio Grande do Sul stripped from Brazil, the latter forming the collaborationist Riograndense Republic under José Antônio Flores da Cunha.

Controversy over the treaty, as well as over the mass purges of Vargas loyalists, democratic activists, and hardliner syndicalists led to the northern states denouncing the military government in a united front. Proclaiming the Fourth Brazilian Republic (refusing to recognize the military junta), riots and rebel activity across Brazil escalated into full uprisings, with full-scale military operations occurring in Minas Gerais and the city of Sao Paulo.

Despite initially presenting a united front, internal sabotage from both Argentines and the junta's secret police led to rebel divisions becoming increasingly violent, primarily regarding whether or not to solicit Third International funds for the rebellion. The international community was deeply involved in the conflict as a theater of the Cold War, with the Entente and Moscow Accord reaching a private agreement to recognize both the military government *and* the Riograndense Republic, a move that led to tensions in the alliance between the Pacific States and Canada, the former refusing to recognize the collaborationist republic and issuing their diplomatic support towards Brazilian democrats.

## Fronts

### Central-West

Bolivian-occupied sections of Mato Grosso and Amazonas would be reorganized into the Guaporé Clique, under a group of military defectors who would use the purged integralist movement as a stepping stone for legitimacy. Under Márcio Melo, the Guaporé Clique would expand into Mato Grosso, capturing the city of Cuiabá and declaring the restoration of the Empire, though the throne remains empty as it is merely intended as a puppet to the clique's interests. The collaborationist nature of the clique would lead to its great instability, as many integralists who had supported Brazil in the war would be disillusioned to its formation, eventually leading to mutiny further down the line.

Paraguayan émigrés, who had fled to Campo Grande in droves after the Argentine annexation of the region, banded together in Rafael Franco's expedition to secure the cerrado. With Argentine forces at the gates of the city, the National Patriotic Revolutionary Army would repel both their and Cunha's forces, establishing what would later become the Concepcion Republic. The military government, however, would repel the NPRA from Campo Grande proper, under a clique of federal-aligned militarists seeking their opportunity. This group, primarily comprised of former integralists who despised the Guapore Clique's collaborationist tendencies, would form the neutral Pantanal Clique.

### North

As radicalism tore the Republican united front apart, the left itself began to tear at the seams, as the Brazilian Union's coup would be unrecognized in the west. Francisco Julião's peasant leagues, following a failed general strike amid the Tocantins Expedition, would lead an exodus to Pará, organizing the North Brazilian People's League into a legitimate fighting force in the north. However, taking advantage of the group's inexperience, a military division under Ernesto Geisel would march into the Amazon under Venezuelan funding, using unorthodox diplomatic tactics in order to sway the republicans to his side and make his own moves to restore democracy.