Bretannia

**126 BCE** King Manogan Changed Britain to Bretannia.

3rd Britain Flag

**125 BCE** In Rome, Marcus Fulvius Flaccus proposes the extension of Roman citizenship to the northern Italians, but the Senate reacts by sending him off to deal with disturbances around Massilia. And in so doing, commences the conquest of Transalpine Gaul.

# Peace

**123 BCE** King Marganus (439 BCE) dragons died from sadness.

**121 BCE** ROME: Consul Quintus Fabius Maximus, allied with the Aedui, defeats the Arverni and Allobroges in Transalpine Gaul, thus establishing the province for Rome.

**120 BCE** King Manogan dies, and his son *Minocannus* was named King.

**90 BCE** King *Minocannus* dies, and his son Beli Mawr was named King.

# The Fisher King

**60 BCE** King Beli Mawr dies, and his son Bendigeidfran was named King.

The Avalon king Matholwch sails to Harlech to speak with King Bendigeidfran,and to ask for the hand of his sister Branwen in marriage, thus forging an alliance between the two Kingdom's. the celebrations lasted 20 day's.

Once in Matholwch's kingdom, Branwen gives birth to a son, Gwern, but she was beaten every day. She sends a message to her brother. when King Bendigeidfran arrives in Avalon Efnysien (brother of Matholwch) murders baby Gwern by burning him alive in the beach, and a vicious battle breaks out. Bendigeidfran burned alive the troops of Avalon sliced them in pieces and added the remains as baits for fishing in the sea. he ordered the army to make camp and fish fishes. the next day he took the fishes and went to Avalon City Avalonia met king Matholwch and said "this is your army" and he dropped the fishes. he took back his sister Branwen and returned to Britain.

After that King Bendigeldfran became known as The Fisher King.

**59 BCE ROME:** Consulship of Julius Caesar.

**58 BCE** The Galic Wars began.

**57 BCE** The Fisher King began the creation of a castle (the White Tower) as new capital of Bretannia Kingdom.

# Roman Invasion

**55 BCE** In late summer, even though it was late in the campaigning season, Caesar decided to make an expedition to Britain.He took only two legions; his cavalry auxiliaries were unable to make the crossing despite several attempts. Caesar crossed late in the season, and in great haste, leaving well after midnight on 23 August. Initially, he planned to land somewhere in Kent, but the Britons were waiting for him. He moved up the coast and landed at Pegwell Bay but the Britons had kept pace and fielded an impressive force, including cavalry and chariots. The legions were hesitant to go ashore. Eventually, the X legion's standard bearer jumped into the sea and waded to shore. To have the legion's standard fall in combat was the greatest humiliation, and the men disembarked to protect the standard bearer. After some delay, a battle line was finally formed, and the Britons withdrew. Because the Roman cavalry had not made the crossing, Caesar could not chase down the Britons. The Romans' luck did not improve, and a Roman foraging party was ambushed. The Britons took this as a sign of Roman weakness and amassed a large force to assault them. The campaigning season was now nearly over , Caesar withdrew back across the Channel.

Caesar initially tried to land at Dubris (Dover), when he came in sight of shore, the forces of the Britons gathered on the overlooking hills and cliffs dissuaded him from landing there, since the cliffs were so close to the shore that javelins was thrown down from them onto anyone landing there. forcing him to land in north east along the coast to an open beach.

Having been tracked all the way along the coast by the British cavalry and chariots, the landing was opposed. To make matters worse, the loaded Roman ships were too low in the water to go close inshore and the troops had to disembark in deep water, all the while attacked by the enemy from the shallows. however the Romans was far more experienced in war and managed to land and drive them off. The cavalry, delayed by adverse winds, still had not arrived, so the Britons could not be pursued and finished off.

however the Fisher King was prepared for the romans because the Gauls were in war for years with rome and he knew that it was only a matter of time for rome to attack Bretannia and so he was watching in a hill the battle with a Sorcerer from the Lefay named Juklon and when the army was seem to lose from the romans, Juklon casted a storm.

Caesar was taken by surprise by the magic and a storm. His beached warships filled with water, and his transports, riding at anchor, were driven against each other. Some ships were wrecked, and many others were rendered unseaworthy by the loss of rigging or other vital equipment, threatening the return journey. while Caesar was trying to save the ships the Britons renewed the attack, ambushing one of the legions as it foraged near the Roman camp. but the Roman force were again driven off the Britons.

after several days of storms thanks to Juklon The Fisher King army with a larger force attacked the Roman camp. This attack was driven off fully, in a bloody rout, by Roman's. Caesar was narrowly escaped disaster and returned to Rome where he was hailed as a hero and given an unprecedented 20-day thanksgiving. He now began planning for a proper invasion of Britain.

# Second invasion

**54 BCE** Caesar determined not to make the same mistakes as the previous year, Caesar gathered a larger force than on his previous expedition with five legions as opposed to two, plus two thousand cavalry, carried in ships which he designed, with experience of Venetic shipbuilding technology so as to be more suitable for a beach landing. Titus Labienus was left at Portus Itius to oversee regular food transports from there to the British beachhead. The military ships were joined by a flotilla of trading ships captained by Romans and provincials from across the empire, and local Gauls, hoping to cash in on the trading opportunities. It seems more likely that the figure Caesar quotes for the fleet (800 ships) include these traders and the troop-transports, rather than the troop-transports alone.

Caesar landed at the place he had identified as the best landing-place the previous year. without resistance and immediately went to find the Britonic army. The Britons used guerilla tactics to avoid a direct confrontation. This allowed them to gather a formidable army under Cassivellaunus, Duke of the Catuvellauni.

The Romans assaulted Cassivellaunus' stronghold and he surrendered. The Fisher King was again watching with Juklon who again casted a storm. Caesar ships suffered considerable damage. About forty, He returned to the coast, recalling the legions that had gone ahead, and immediately set about repairing his fleet. His men worked day and night for approximately ten days, beaching and repairing the ships, and building a fortified camp around them. Word was sent to Labienus to send more ships. a roman legion spotted the Sorcerer in the hill and with a arrow they killed Juklon and the storms were ended.

Caesar then returned to the Stour crossing and found the Britons had massed their forces there. The Fisher King had free Cassivellaunus and appointed him to lead their combined forces. After several indecisive skirmishes, during which a Roman tribune, Quintus Laberius Durus, was killed, the Britons attacked a foraging party of three legions under Gaius Trebonius, but were repulsed and routed by the pursuing Roman cavalry.

Caesar used a large war elephant, which was equipped with armour and carried archers and slingers in its tower, to put the defenders to flight. When this unknown creature entered the river, the Britons and their horses fled and the Roman army crossed over and entered Cassivellaunus' territory.

The Trinovantes sent ambassadors, promising him aid and provisions. Mandubracius, who had accompanied Caesar, was restored as their Duke and Ceasar named king if they win, and the Trinovantes provided grain and hostages. Five further Duccats, the Cenimagni, Segontiaci, Ancalites, Bibroci and Cassi, surrendered to Caesar, and revealed to him the location of Cassivellaunus' stronghold, the hill fort at Wheathampstead, which he proceeded to put under siege.

Cassivellaunus sent word to his allies in Kent, Cingetorix, Carvilius, Taximagulus and Segovax, described as the "four kings of Cantium", to stage a diversionary attack on the Roman beach-head to draw Caesar off, but this attack failed, and Cassivellaunus sent ambassadors to negotiate a surrender. Caesar was eager to return to Gaul for the winter due to growing unrest there, and an agreement was mediated by Commius. Cassivellaunus gave hostages, agreed an annual tribute, and undertook not to make war against Mandubracius or the Trinovantes. Caesar wrote to Cicero on 26 September, confirming the result of the campaign, with hostages but no booty taken, and that his army was about to return to Gaul. He then left, leaving not a single Roman soldier in Britain to enforce his settlement.

# Aftermath

**20 BCE** Cassivelaunus dies and is succeeded by his nephew Tenvantius, as Androgeus has gone to Rome. Since Tenvantius Bretannia was a independent Kingdom as it was before the roman invasion but payed tribute with slaves and iron to Rome.

**9 CE** King Tenvantius dies, and is succeeded by his son Kymbelinus.

**40 CE** King Kymbelinus dies, and is succeeded by his son Guiderius.

The Roman emperor Caligula (also known as the most evil human who ever ruled a nation) sent Adminius to Kent and he gained control of the Cantiacl, but was driven of from Britain army Guiderius refuses to pay tribute,Adminius returned to rome and Caligula planned an invasion of Britain in response, but he went to a beach and ordered the men to cut off trees and returned to rome with the trees as proof that he conquered Britain.

**41 CE** On 24 January Caligula was assassinated in a conspiracy involving Cassius Chaerea and several senators. they had enough of him and his crazy laws that transformed the wifes of senators into whores and the executions for no reason in roman empire, In the chaos following the murder, Claudius granted a general amnesty by the senate, although he executed a few junior officers involved in the conspiracy. The actual assassins, including Cassius Chaerea and Julius Lupus, the murderer of Caligula's wife and daughter, were put to death to ensure Claudius's own safety and as a future deterrent. Claudius was named Emperor.

Under Claudius, the Empire underwent its first major expansion since the reign of Augustus. The provinces of Thrace, Noricum, Lycia, and Judea were annexed under various circumstances during his term. The most far-reaching conquest was that of Bretannia.

**43 CE** Claudius sent Aulus Plautius with four legions to Britain after an appeal from King Guiderius.

Claudius himself traveled to the island bringing with him reinforcements and elephants. King Guiderius was killed in battle with the Romans, his brother Arvirargus continues the defence, but eventually agrees to submit to Rome, and is given the hand of Claudius's daughter Genvissa in marriage. Claudius returns to Rome, leaving the province under Arviragus's governorship.

**48 CE** Claudius conducted a census that found 5,984,072 (adult male) Roman citizens (women, children, slaves, and free adult males without Roman citizenship were not counted), Bretannia kingdom and laws were ended. the Duccats were fallen apart , Avalon and Lefay Kingdoms were changed from friends of Bretannia into enemies and chaos began.