Espero and Bravus

## Espero

(Used Rodrigos Mod)

Espero or RS 8513-489-8-8303385-479 B1 - is the first planet from the star Sonza or RS 8513-489-8-8303385-479 B(Brown dwarf). The planet is a temperate lacustrine ferria. This planet is translated from Esperanto as "hope". Presumably, this planet will be a habitable for another 1.3 trillion years. Espero is 298 light-years from Earth.

ESI: 0.878

### History

* Espero formed 6.6 billion years ago, most likely this planet formed around the brown dwarf RS 8513-489-8-8303385-479.
* ~6.5 billion years ago. Water appeared on the planet, brought by icy asteroids and comets
* ~6 billion years ago. The emergence of unicellular life
* ~5 billion years ago. Global ice age. Espero was covered with a thin shell of ice for several tens of millions of years, thanks to which life was able to survive.
* ~4.9 billion years ago. The emergence of multicellular life
* ~2.1 billion years ago. The first complex organisms came to land
* Today - Espero has several large oceans. The surface is predominantly mountainous. There are several forests. There is little oxygen in the atmosphere, but more than on Bravus. Gravity is less than Earth's gravity. Volcanoes and mountains reach a height of 10 to 19 kilometers. Atmospheric pressure is high. There are many active volcanoes on the planet. Espero receives most of its heat and light from the red dwarf Tebru (RS 8513-489-8-8303385-479 A)
* Near future - In an estimated 700,000 years, the moon-asteroid will collide with Copio, causing a mass extinction on Espero.
* Future - Espero will be habitable for approximately ~1.3 trillion years (1300 billion years). In 300 billion years, when the red dwarf RS 8513-489-8-8303385-479 A dies, Espero will become much colder, but will still be habitable, thanks to the light and gravitational forces of the brown dwarf RS 8513-489-8-8303385-479 B. It is difficult to imagine what life will look like after billions of years of evolution.

### Biosphere

Animals on the planet are broad and usually have three limbs. They have something that looks like scales and move by jumping. Animals travel long distances to find food and water. In behavior, the animals are more primitive than the animals on Bravus. The flora is red-brown, in the form of forests. The plants do not look like ordinary trees, but more like very tall grass. Marine flora does not grow on the bottom, but "travels" in the sea. Fish are like elongated huge "sticks", and their role in nature is reminiscent of leeches.

Espero(Rodrigos Mod)Espero(Vanilla)Beautiful sunset(Rodrigos Mod)Two moons and the brown dwarf Sonza in one frame(Vanilla)Mountain ranges with forests(Rodrigos Mod)Landscape of Espero 1(Rodrigos Mod)Landscape of Espero 2(Rodrigos Mod)Landscape of Espero 3(Rodrigos Mod)Espero surface map(Vanilla)Espero surface map(Rodrigos Mod)
## Copio

Copio is one of the smallest space objects to have had water on it(Diameter about 2000 km). This miniferria has river streams and ice caps at the poles. There are no mountains or volcanoes on the moon at all. The surface is dotted with craters and huge canyons. Perhaps there was life on this planet. Probably the moon simply could not keep water on the surface for a long time due to too weak gravity. It is also possible that Copio collided with a large asteroid. Among the "extreme" hypotheses there is a version that this moon could have been terraformed a very long time ago. The orbit of Copio and the second moon (asteroid) is extremely close. In 700,000 years, the asteroid will collide with Copio, causing catastrophic destruction. It is likely that the collision will cause a mass extinction on Espero, due to the large number of fragments of the asteroid and the moon.

Copio(Rodrigos Mod)Copio(Vanilla)The closest approach of the asteroid and Copio 1(Rodrigos Mod)4 space objects in one beautiful frame(Rodrigos Mod)A huge canyon that was once filled with water 1(Rodrigos Mod)Copio and Espero 1(Rodrigos Mod)Copio and Espero 2(Rodrigos Mod)The closest approach of the asteroid and Copio 2(Rodrigos Mod)The closest approach of the asteroid and Copio 3(Rodrigos Mod)Barren deserts.(Rodrigos Mod)You can see vast ice caps, once there was water, and maybe life...(Vanilla)A huge canyon that was once filled with water 2(Vanilla)From the surface of Copio, the planet Espero is very clearly visible.(Vanilla)Copio surface map(Vanilla)Copio surface map(Rodrigos Mod)

## Surface Conditions

### Atmosphere

* 49.9% N2
* 47.7% H2O
* 2.23% O2

## Additional Information

### Position in Star System

1st

Bravus or RS 8513-489-8-8303385-479 A1 - is the first planet from the star Tebru or RS 8513-489-8-8303385-479 A(Red dwarf). The planet is a temperate marine terra. This planet will be a habitable about 300 billion years. Bravus is 298 light-years from Earth.

ESI: 0.821

### History

* Bravus formed 6.6 billion years ago around a disk of gas and dust around the red dwarf RS 8513-489-8-8303385-479 A.
* ~6.6 billion years ago. The appearance of the first oceans and seas.
* ~6.2 billion years ago. The emergence of unicellular life.
* ~5.4 billion years ago. The emergence of multicellular life
* ~2.5 billion years ago. The first complex organisms came to land
* ~1.7 billion years ago. The comet was captured by Bravus's gravity, approached the planet, and split into several pieces. The largest fragment fell in the northwest of the planet. The event was very large-scale, causing a huge mass extinction. The craters are still preserved.
* ~1.7 billion years ago - 900 million years ago. Calm time. Life was restored after extinction. Presumably, at this time, oxygen was in the range of 5-15%.
* ~900 million years ago. Solar flare on a red dwarf. Catastrophic extinction of species, reduction of oxygen in the atmosphere.
* ~11.5 million years ago. Hyrea supervolcano eruption
* Today - There are several small seas and several large Impact crater lakes on the planet. The surface is predominantly hilly. The equator is almost completely covered in jungle, while the north and south are almost completely barren. The climate is humid, tropical and hot. There is very little oxygen in the atmosphere. Gravity is really low compared to other planets. Volcanoes and mountains reach a height of 8 to 15 kilometers. There are no active volcanoes on the planet. The brown dwarf Sonza or RS 8513-489-8-8303385-479 B is clearly visible from the surface of Bravus
* Future - Bravus will be a habitable planet for another 300 billion years. But for this planet danger is represented by coronal mass ejections on the red dwarf RS 8513-489-8-8303385-479 A. Also, the planet is close to the star, which is why solar flares can be very dangerous.

### Biosphere

Animals on the planet are very tall, but slow and motionless. Most of the time they sleep standing up. They mostly move in huge herds. Periodically, these herds go to the "watering place", creating a truly beautiful sight. Very strange behaviors of certain animals have also been observed. They bury dead relatives, and put huge tall stones vertically at the burial site. There are quite a lot of such cemeteries on the planet, and some stones are more than 10 million years old. Some researchers said that they felt intelligence in the eyes of animals. Flying species are common, but they fly quite low, as higher up they can pass out due to lack of oxygen. The animal world is calm and slow, perhaps this is due to the lower content of O2 in the atmosphere. The flora is predominantly reddish. It is tall and mostly huge plants that look like tropical trees and huge ferns. Marine life generally does not move or travel at all, remaining in their usual places. Nobody lives in the north and south.

Bravus(Rodrigos Mod)Bravus(Vanilla)Bravus from a different angle (Rodrigos Mod)Beautiful sunset(Rodrigos Mod)Huge oasis in the desert(Rodrigos Mod)Wonderful coastline and supervolcano Hyrea, 14-15 kilometers high.(Vanilla)Landscape of Bravus 1(Rodrigos Mod)Landscape of Bravus 2(Rodrigos Mod)Landscape of Bravus 3(Rodrigos Mod)Landscape of Bravus 4(Vanilla)Huge ancient Impact crater lake. In fact, its center is a mountain, which was formed in the center of the fall of a large asteroid. Due to erosion, the crater has been significantly deformed. You can see that numerous forests and jungles have formed around the lake.(Vanilla)Volcanic crater(Vanilla)Mountain landscape. In this image, you can see how close Bravus is to the star Tebru or RS 8513-489-8-8303385-479 A(Vanilla)The only plateau in the area. The jungle is at the top. This place is home to a huge flock of "birds".(Vanilla)Bravus surface map(Vanilla)Bravus surface map(Rodrigos Mod)