recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Wendy Syndrome

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Wendy Syndrome** is a term for when an individual enables someone with Peter Pan syndrome or for individuals who feel the need to care for someone to the point of damaging their own health.

## Signs & Symptoms

* Prioritizing the needs of others.
	+ They feel the necessity to care for and tend to others, It makes them feel like they're making others happy.
	+ They prioritize the needs of others, then, slowly, begin to sacrifice their own desires and things that are important to them.
* Claiming that doing things for others makes them feel better.
	+ Giving care is a way of offering love.
	+ No one makes them care for others, they do it freely and because they want to.
* The fear of being alone.
* Thinking they're indispensable.
* Their idea of love involves sacrifice.
* They encourage attachment and codependency in others.
* They do everything possible so others don't get upset.
* They try to control others.
* They want to do everything, including others' tasks.
* They usually act in a parental way with their partner(s).

## Peter Pan Syndrome

Peter Pan Syndrome is a term that's used to describe an individual who struggles to accept adult responsibilities. This syndrome is usually enabled by those with Wendy syndrome.

## References

https://cornerstonefamilyservices.org/peter-pan-syndrome-wendy-syndrome/

https://steptohealth.com/wendy-syndrome/
Progressive Non-Fluent Aphasia

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Progressive Non-Fluent Aphasia (PNFA)**, also called **Nonfluent/Agrammatic Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia (nfvPPA)**, is when one finds it increasingly difficult to speak, yet can still recall the meaning of individual words. It is part of a group of conditions called frontotemporal dementia.

## Signs & Symptoms

Early symptoms of PNFA include:

* Speaking slowly or hesitantly
* Stuttering or finding it physically difficult to speak
* Saying incorrect words or words in the wrong order
* Speaking in shorter sentences
* Omitting words while speaking
* Making mistakes while reading and writing
* Difficulty making sense of what others are saying, especially with longer sentences
* Difficulty making decisions
* Changes in everyday behavior, such as apathy, agitation or low mood
* Reversing words

Later symptoms include:

* Talking very little
* Movement changes, such as unsteadiness or tremors
* Difficulty swallowing

## Treatment

While some medications are available for other forms of dementia, although they cannot cure it or slow it down, these medications do not work for PNFA, and can even make symptoms worse. One may be referred to a Speech and Language Therapist, and it has been shown that keeping the brain active in ways one enjoys may help as well.

## References

https://www.theaftd.org/what-is-ftd/primary-progressive-aphasia/nonfluent-agrammatic-ppa-nfvppa/

https://www.hacw.nhs.uk/progressive-non-fluent-aphasia/

https://www.alzscot.org/our-work/dementia-support/information-sheets/progressive-non-fluent-aphasia-pnfa
Recurrent Isolated Sleep Paralysis

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.UnrealityThe following page includes discussions of unreality, including delusions, hallucinations, derealization, and depersonalization. If you are uncomfortable or get triggered by this topic, it is recommended to not read this page.

**Recurrent Isolated Sleep Paralysis (RISP)** is a parasomnia that causes one to be unable to move their body, either when falling asleep or when waking up from sleep. Sleep paralysis occurs when REM atonia happens while one is falling asleep or waking up. Sleep paralysis becomes RISP when it recurrently appears without any other signs of narcolepsy or other sleep disorders.

## Signs & Symptoms

An episode of paralysis may cause one to be unable to speak. It can also make one unable to move their arms and legs, body and head. One is still able to breathe normally and is also fully aware of what is happening. Some individuals also hallucinate during an episode, they may see, hear or feel things that are not there.

An episode can last for seconds to minutes. The episode usually ends on its own. It may also end when someone touches the individual or speaks to them.

Sleep paralysis may occur only once in someone's life, or it may happen many times a year.

## Causes

The exact cause of sleep paralysis is not fully known. Research shows the following are linked to sleep paralysis:

* Not getting enough sleep.
* Having an irregular sleep schedule.
* Mental stress.
* Sleeping on ones back.

Though RISP is not related to medical problems, there are medical problems that can cause sleep paralysis in general:

* Narcolepsy and other sleep disorders.
* Mental conditions, such as bipolar disorder, PTSD, and panic disorder.
* Use of certain medicines, such as for ADHD.
* Substance use.

## References

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4958367/

https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders/sleep-paralysis/

Yelisetty V and Bagai K. A Case of Recurrent Sleep Paralysis: Beyond Narcolepsy. Austin J Clin Neurol 2014;1(3): 1015. ISSN : 2381-9154

https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/isolated-sleep-paralysis
Cotards Delusion

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.UnrealityThe following page includes discussions of unreality, including delusions, hallucinations, derealization, and depersonalization. If you are uncomfortable or get triggered by this topic, it is recommended to not read this page.

**Cotards Delusion**, also known as **Cotards Syndrome** or **Walking Corpse Syndrome** is a condition marked by the false belief that one or ones body parts are dead, dying or don't exist. Cases have been reported in individuals with mood disorders, psychotic disorders, and medical conditions.

Cotards delusion is not listed in the DSM-5.

## References

https://www.healthline.com/health/cotard-delusion

Ruminjo A, Mekinulov B. A Case Report of Cotard's Syndrome. Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2008 Jun;5(6):28-9. PMID: 19727279; PMCID: PMC2695744.

https://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.17010018
Sleep-Related Eating Disorder

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Sleep-Related Eating Disorder (SRED)**, also called **Nocturnal Sleep-Related Eating Disorder (NSRED)**, causes individuals to eat while they're asleep. SRED is not the same as night eating syndrome. Night eating syndrome causes individuals to wake up and eat several times a night, while individuals with SRED do not wake up to eat.

### Drug-Induced Sleep-Related Eating Disorder

Drug-Induced SRED results from taking certain medications, such as drugs to treat insomnia.

### Primary Sleep-Related Eating Disorder

Primary SRED affects individuals who have other sleep disorders. This type does not result from taking medications, but using sedatives and other drugs may make it worse.

## Signs & Symptoms

Individuals with SRED tend to prefer thick, sugary, and high calorie foods, such as peanut butter or syrup. The foods one eats during sleep-related events may be ones they don't normally enjoy. Alcoholic drinks are rarely consumed.

During a sleep-related eating event, one may eat food very quickly. An entire episode may last for only ten minutes. One does not have memory of the sleep-related eating event in the morning.

Problems resulting from SRED include the following:

* Eating strange forms or combinations of food, such as raw bacon, buttered cigarettes or coffee grounds.
* Eating or drinking toxic substances, such as cleaning solution.
* Eating foods to which one is allergic.
* Insomnia due to sleep disruption.
* Sleep-related injury.
* Loss of appetite in the morning.
* Stomach pain.
* High cholesterol.
* Excessive weight gain and obesity.
* Worsened control of diabetes.

## Causes

Drug-induced SRED results from taking sedative-hypnotic drugs to treat insomnia. These drugs slow down brain activity to help one fall asleep and stay asleep. Some antipsychotic and antidepressant medications can also cause SRED.

Experts do not know the exact cause of primary SRED, but individuals with primary SRED often have other sleeping problems, such as sleep walking or restless leg syndrome.

Other sleep disorders that can be closely linked to SRED include:

* Periodic limb movement disorder.
* Sleep apnea.
* Irregular sleep-wake rhythm.
* Sleep-related dissociative disorders.

Other factors that may lead to the development of SRED include the following:

* Use of certain medications.
* Ending the habit of smoking.
* Ending the abuse of alcohol or drugs.
* Stress.
* Dieting during the day.
* Daytime eating disorders.
* Narcolepsy.
* Hepatitis.
* Encephalitis.

## References

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21730-sleep-related-eating-disorders

https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders/sleep-eating-disorder/
Voice-Color and Voice-Shape

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Voice-Color and Voice Shape** is a subtype of auditory-visual synesthesia in which the sound of individuals speaking or singing can trigger very specific visual concurrents. It is considered a type of chromesthesia when the visual concurrent includes color.

## Ticker Tape

Ticker Tape is another voice-related type of visual synesthesia in which words are automatically visualized in the form of subtitles when hearing someone speak.

## References

https://www.thesynesthesiatree.com/2021/03/voice-colour-and-voice-shape.html
Elizabeth Slonail

Elizabeth Slonail is a member of Manhattan Rangers in Mutant's Gen.

## Background

Elizabeth used to study at the same school with Arron Slink and Fritz Alonod.

## I Am Not A Hero

### Part I

Elizabeth appeared as a Sniffer Team detective. She met Arron in front of Ronald McLyner's office. She asked him why he was there. Arron tried to prevent to answer before he left. In the afternoon break, Elizabeth, Arron and Fritz went to the Max Nolia fast-food restaurant. She told Arron that he was thinner than when he worked at Manhattan Rangers at the first day.

In the Manhattan Rangers 30th anniversary party, when the power was shut down, she was quiet, but when she heard the gunshot, she scream loudly.
Trichophagia

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Trichophagia**, also called **Rapunzel Syndrome**, is the repeated ingestion of hair, it is commonly associated with compulsive hair pulling. It can involve eating parts of one's own hair or whole strands. Less commonly, trichophagia may involve eating the hair of others, animal hair, hair extension, or brush bristles.

## Signs & Symptoms

Most signs and symptoms aren't noticeable until physical symptoms of a hairball has accumulated.

* Abdominal pain or swelling.
* A mass developed in the upper abdomen.
* Bad breath.
* Inflammation of the abdominal wall lining.
* Nausea.
* Vomiting.
* Feeling full from eating small portions.
* Weight loss.

### Consequences of Trichophagia

There are several health consequences from eating hair. Human hair cannot be digested, which means that it's stagnant in the gastrointestinal system.

Potential health consequences from hairballs include:

* Ulcers that perforate the stomach and spread bacteria.
* Infected or inflamed abdominal cavity.
* Gastrointestinal bleeding due to mucosal erosion.
* Bowel obstruction.

## References

https://dermnetnz.org/topics/trichophagia

https://www.choosingtherapy.com/trichophagia/
Postpartum Anxiety

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Postpartum Anxiety** is excessive worrying that occurs after childbirth or adoption. Individuals with postpartum anxiety may feel consumed with worry and constantly be nervous or panicked.

Postpartum anxiety is more intense than typical new parent worrying, it's also more persistent. What differentiates anxiety from regular new parent concerns is that the worries are more extreme, and typically are not based on any real problem or threat.

## Signs & Symptoms

Most, if not all, new parents experience some worry, but the symptoms of postpartum anxiety include:

* Constant or near-constant worry that can't be eased.
* Feelings of dread about things one fears will happen.
* Sleep disruption.
* Racing thoughts.

One can also have physical symptoms of postpartum anxiety:

* Fatigue.
* Heart palpitation.
* Hyperventilation.
* Sweating.
* Nausea or vomiting.
* Shakiness or trembling.

With the postpartum conditions, their symptoms match those of their non-postpartum counterparts, though may relate more specifically to the role as a new parent.

### Postpartum Panic Disorder

With postpartum panic disorder, one can have sudden panic attacks related to similar thoughts.

Postpartum panic attack symptoms include:

* Shortness of breath or a sensation that one is choking or unable to breathe.
* Intense fear of death, for themselves or their baby.
* Chest pain.
* Dizziness.
* Racing heart.

## Causes

Postpartum anxiety often results from a variety of triggers. Estrogen and progesterone levels increase 10- to 100-fold during pregnancy, then fall to essentially zero within 24 hours of delivery. In the days that follow, one is dealing with sleep deprivation, changes in relationships, and new schedules and responsibilities.

While any new parent can develop postpartum anxiety, there are some factors that might increase the risk:

* A personal or family history of anxiety.
* Certain symptoms of PMS.
* Eating disorders.
* Obsessive-compulsive disorder.
* Previous experience with depression.

Anyone who has had a miscarriage or stillbirth will be more susceptible to postpartum anxiety and depression with a subsequent healthy delivery, because they are more likely to be worried something else might go wrong.

## References

https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/postpartum-anxiety

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22693-postpartum-anxiety

https://www.parents.com/parenting/moms/healthy-mom/the-other-postpartum-problem-anxiety/

https://www.whattoexpect.com/first-year/postpartum-health-and-care/postpartum-anxiety/
Auditory Processing Disorder

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Auditory Processing Disorder (APD)** is a term that refers to problems with how the brain understands speech. The sounds may be loud and clear, but individuals with APD don't pick up on the subtle differences between them. APD can have an impact on learning and interacting with others, but it isn't related to intelligence.

Experts don't all agree that APD is a disorder on its own and there are multiple definitions of it. APD can look like other challenges, it is often mistaken for ADHD and vice versa. APD is not a hearing problem, individuals with this condition usually have typical hearing.

### Challenges

There are four auditory processing skills that individuals with APD may struggle with:

* **Auditory discrimination**: Noticing, comparing, and distinguishing between separate sounds.
* **Auditory figure-ground discrimination**: Focusing on the important noise in a noisy setting.
* **Auditory memory**: Recalling what one heard, either immediately or in the future.
* **Auditory sequencing**: Understanding and recalling the order of sounds and words.

## Cause

There is not always a clear cause for APD. Possible causes are regular ear infections, genetics, head injury, or complications at birth. APD is often found in individuals with other attention, language and learning disorders, such as dyslexia and ADHD.

## Signs & Symptoms

* Trouble following spoken directions, especially multi-step ones.
* Often asking others to repeat themselves.
* Trouble following conversation, especially if there are multiple speakers or lots of background noise.
* Trouble remembering details of things that are read or spoken.
* Trouble with reading or spelling, which require processing sounds.
* Taking longer to respond when someone speaks.
* Trouble knowing where sounds are coming from.

### Diagnosis

Testing for APD is done mostly by audiologist. These specialists do a series of advancing listening tests where the individual listens and responds to different sounds. Kids aren't usually tested until the age of 7 because their skills are still developing.

## Help & Resources

There is no cure for APD, there are things that can help one's challenges though. Schools may provide speech therapy for free if the child has a language disorder, but there are also speech-language therapists outside of school.

There are many ways to support individuals with APD and make it easier for them to manage tasks and challenges:

* Using simple, one-step directions.
* Speaking at a slower rate or slightly higher volume.
* Providing a quiet spot to do work.
* Being patient and repeating things.

## References

https://www.understood.org/en/articles/understanding-auditory-processing-disorder

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/auditory-processing-disorder/
Chromesthesia

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Chromesthesia** is a general name given to any type of synesthesia where the inducer is sound or music and the concurrent includes color. If auditory-visual synesthesia includes color, it can also be called Chromesthesia.

## Types of Chromesthesia

### Musical Note-Color

Musical Note-Color is a type of synesthesia in which hearing each individual musical note or categorical difference in pitch triggers a visual perception of color, or is automatically associated with a particular color.

### Chord-Color

Chord-Color is a type of chromesthesia in which listening to or playing music, each chord is automatically associated with a color or a combination of colors.

### Timbre-Color

Timbre-Color is a type of synesthesia in which the inducer is timbre and the concurrent is color.

### Key Signature-Color

Key Signature-Color is a type of synesthesia in which the key of a song or piece of music determines the color perceived as a synesthetic concurrent.

### Song-Color

Song-Color when someone with auditory-visual synesthesia receives their color impressions from individual sounds, notes/chords or timbre of instruments, but for others it is triggered by a much wider and more general music concept.

### General Sounds-Color

General Sounds-Color is when general or ambient sounds can induce visual synesthesia, triggering concurrents such as color.

### Voice-Color

Voice-Color is when the sound of others speaking or singing can trigger very specific visual concurrents for some synesthesia.

## References

https://www.thesynesthesiatree.com/search?q=chromesthesia

https://www.thesynesthesiatree.com/2021/02/chromesthesia.html
Landau-Kleffner Syndrome

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Landau-Kleffner Syndrome**, also referred to as **Acquired Aphasia**, **Epileptic Aphasia**, or **Verbal Auditory Agnosia**, is a condition that shows up during childhood and is characterized by the slow or sudden loss of the ability to use or understand spoken language and may include seizures.

## Signs & Symptoms

Not every child with LKS have the same symptoms. It may seem like the child can't hear others, they may have a hard time understanding what others say to them. Sometimes, these language difficulties may cause the child to feel frustrated and cause behavioral symptoms such as agitation, not paying attention, anger outbursts, or acting out.

Children with LKS may be:

* Unable to speak.
* Likely to have seizures.
* More likely to have behavioral disorders or developmental disorders.

Some children develop their own method of communication, like using gestures or signs.

Hearing and intelligence are usually typical in children with Landau-Kleffner syndrome.

## Causes

No cause can be found in the majority of children with LKS. But about 20% of children with LKS have changes in their *GRIN2A* gene, though not everyone with this genetic change develops LKS. Some children with KLS have mutations in other genes.

Researchers think these gene mutations cause electrical signals in their brains to malfunction. These abnormal signals may cause LKS symptoms.

Researchers are also studying whether there's a link between LKS and the immune system. An autoimmune response in which the immune system attacks the body's cells may contribute to LKS.

## Treatment

The seizures of LKS usually respond well to treatment with epilepsy medicines and the speech and behavioral difficulties are handled by speech and behavioral therapy.

## References

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/landaukleffner-syndrome

https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/l/landau-kleffner-syndrome.html

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22699-landau-kleffner-syndrome-lks

https://www.gosh.nhs.uk/conditions-and-treatments/conditions-we-treat/landau-kleffner-syndrome/

https://www.epilepsy.org.uk/info/syndromes/landau-kleffner-syndrome
Chord-Color

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Chord-Color** is a subtype of auditory-visual synesthesia and a type of chromesthesia. On listening to or playing music, each chord is automatically associated with a color or a combination of colors. For some individuals, chords may not only have one or more colors, but also shapes, a spatial location or their own characteristic movement.

Individuals with tone-color synesthesia may also have chord-color synesthesia. In this case, the color of the chord can be that of the main note, slightly nuanced by those of the other notes making it up, or it can be a combination of colors of all its different notes.

## References

https://www.thesynesthesiatree.com/2021/02/chord-colour.html
Maladaptive Daydreaming

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Maladaptive Daydreaming**, sometimes known as **Daydreaming Disorder**, describes a condition in which the individual regularly experiences daydreams that are intense and highly distracting, so much so that the individual may stop engaging with the tasks or the individuals in front of them.

Maladaptive dreamers may dissociate from reality to absorb themselves completely into their daydreams or may unknowingly act out the behavior or speak dialogue for the characters in their daydream.

## Signs & Symptoms

* Intense, vivid daydreams that present as a story, with characters, settings, and plot lines.
* Daydreams that are triggered by real-world events or sensory stimuli.
* Unconscious facial expressions, repetitive body movements, or talking or whispering that accompany daydreams.
* Daydreams that last for several minutes to hours.
* A strong or addictive desire to keep daydreaming.
* Trouble focusing and completely daily tasks due to daydreams.
* Trouble sleeping.

### Diagnosis

Early researchers developed a test known as the Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale (MDS) to further study and define the characteristics or maladaptive daydreaming.

## Causes

Maladaptive daydreaming may develop as a coping strategy in response to trauma. While it has been linked to social anxiety or previous trouble, individuals may develop maladaptive daydreaming without any prior trauma.

## References

https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mental-health/maladaptive-daydreaming
Dysgraphia

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Dysgraphia** is a condition that affects the ability to recognize and decipher written words, and the relationship between letter forms and the sounds they make. As a result, writing and forming words is challenging. Individuals with dysgraphia will likely struggle to write neatly and their letters, numbers, words and pronunciation will often appear jumbled.

## Signs of Dysgraphia

Just having bad handwriting doesn't mean an individual has dysgraphia.

Common signs include:

* Unclear, irregular or inconsistent handwriting.
* Writing very slowly.
* Mixing styles and upper/lower case latters.
* Inconsistent letter and word spacing.
* Unusual or cramped grip or position while writing.
* Incorrect spelling.
* Avoiding writing or drawing tasks.
* Tiring quickly while writing.
* Saying words out loud while writing.
* Unfinished or omitted words in sentences.
* Difficulty organizing thoughts on paper.
* Difficulty with syntax structure and grammar.

## Causes

Research has shown orthographic coding in working memory is related to handwriting and is often impaired in dysgraphia.

Orthographic coding refers to the ability to store words in working memory while the letters in the word are analyzed or the ability to create permanent memory of written words linked to their pronunciation and meaning.

Individuals with dysgraphia do not have primary developmental motor disorder, another cause of poor handwriting, but may have difficulty with planning sequential finger movements such as touching the thumb to successive fingers on the same hand without visual feedback.

## Known Individuals with Dysgraphia

### Agatha Christie

Famous author, Agatha Christie, best known for her stories about Hercule Poirot, often claimed herself to be "the slow one of the family," and always found writing and spelling to be difficult. Her dysgraphia was often bad enough that she couldn't balance her own checkbook.

## References

https://www.hft.org.uk/resources-and-guidance/learning-difficulties-and-other-needs/dysgraphia/

https://dyslexiaida.org/understanding-dysgraphia/

https://www.readingrockets.org/article/what-dysgraphia

http://dyslexiahelp.umich.edu/success-stories/agatha-christie
Sound-Texture Synesthesia

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Sound-Texture Synesthesia** is a type of synesthesia in which an individual consciously perceives textures on hearing different sounds. These textures usually accompany another concurrent, normally sensations of color, shape, taste or touch, rather than being evoked individually.

This is different from auditory-tactile synesthesia, it does not involve real physical tactile sensations on the body.

## Tone-Texture Synesthesia

With tone-texture synesthesia, someone may be able to distinguish the notes on the musical scale exclusively by the different textures they feel on hearing each one.

## References

https://www.thesynesthesiatree.com/2021/03/sound-texture-synesthesia.html
Sensory Modulation Disorder

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Sensory Modulation Disorder (SMD)** is a subtype of sensory processing disorder. SMD affects sensory processing across single or multiple sensory systems. Typically, sensory modulation happens automatically, without thinking and without any effort. It someone has sensory modulation disorder, the process isn't as automatic and requires effort.

## Signs & Symptoms

Individuals with sensory modulation disorder may demonstrate a number of different behaviors, including:

* Being over-responsive to sensory information
* Being under-responsive to sensory information
* Having problems with behavioral/emotional control
* Being frequently oblivious to sight, touch, smell, pain, sound or movement
* Displaying sensory-seeking behaviors
* Getting defensive and in "fight or flight" mode
* Overreactions to movement, touch, taste, odors and sound

These symptoms may result in distress, avoidance and distractability.

## Types of SMD

### Sensory Craving

Sensory Craving is a condition in which ones mind desires frequent sensory stimulation due to under-responsive sensory processing.

### Sensory Over-Responsivity

Sensory Over-Responsivity is a condition in which ones sensory processing is heightened. One may have a heightened sense of touch and may find small amounts of physical contact to be stressful and overwhelming.

### Sensory Under-Responsivity

Sensory Under-Responsivity is a condition in which ones sensory processing is lower than usual. One may not notice injuries, may not taste food unless it has extra spice, may not process sounds around them, etc.

## References

https://sensationalbrain.com/fundamentals/sensory-modulation-disorder-education-and-intervention/

Bar-Shalita T, Granovsky Y, Parush S, Weissman-Fogel I. Sensory Modulation Disorder (SMD) and Pain: A New Perspective. Front Integr Neurosci. 2019 Jul 18;13:27. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2019.00027. PMID: 31379526; PMCID: PMC6659392.

https://sinetwork.org/subtype-1-sensory-modulation-disorder/

https://www.physio.co.uk/what-we-treat/paediatric/problems/sensory-processing-problems/sensory-modulation.php
Sleep-Related Dissociative Disorder

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Sleep-Related Dissociative Disorder (SRDD)** is considered to be a dissociative disorder that can arise throughout the sleep period. It was considered part of the other parasomnias category of the ICSD-II.

Features may support a specific dissociative disorder associated with the sleep-related episodes, such as dissociative identity disorder, dissociative fugue, or an other specified dissociative disorder.

Sleep-related dissociative disorder was included in the parasomnias section of the second edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, but was removed in the third edition. Despite this, cases of sleep-related dissociative disorder continue to be reported. The DSM does not include sleep-related dissociative disorder.

## References

Calamaro, Christina J., and Thornton B. A. Mason. “Sleep-Related Dissociative Disorder.” *The Parasomnias and Other Sleep-Related Movement Disorders*, edited by Michael J. Thorpy and Giuseppe Plazzi, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2010, pp. 163–174.

https://jcsm.aasm.org/doi/10.5664/jcsm.9048

https://jmscr.igmpublication.org/home/index.php/archive/172-volume-08-issue-03-march-2020/9040-sleep-related-dissociative-disorders-srdd
Dyscalculia

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Dyscalculia** is a specific and persistent difficulty understanding numbers, which can lead to a diverse range of difficulties with mathematics. Not all difficulties in math are caused by dyscalculia. Individuals don't grow out of dyscalculia, kids who have a hard time with math may continue to struggle with it as an adult.

In the DSM-5, dyscalculia is called "specific learning disorder with impairments in mathematics", but "dyscalculia" is still an accepted term and is used by schools and learning specialists.

## Signs of Dyscalculia

Individuals with dyscalculia can have trouble with math in different ways. Problems with numbers may show up as early as preschool or the challenges can become clearer as math gets more complex in school.

Common signs of dyscalculia include trouble:

* Grasping the meaning of quantities or concepts like biggest vs. smallest.
* Understanding that numerals are the same as the word, and these both mean the amount of items (for example: 5 and five).
* Remembering math facts in school, like times tables.
* Understanding the logic behind math.
* Holding numbers in their head while solving problems.

The impact of dyscalculia doesn't stop at math, the disorder can also affect individuals in other ways, such as:

* Having trouble remembering numbers such as zip codes, phone numbers, or game scores.
* Struggle with money matters such as change, counting bills, calculating a tip, splitting a check or estimating how much something will cost.
* Have difficulty judging the length of distance and how long it will take to get from one location to another.
* Struggle to remember directions.
* Have a hard time telling left from right.
* Get easily frustrated by games that require consistent score keeping, number strategies or counting.
* Have difficulty reading clocks and telling time.

## Known Individuals with Dyscalculia

### Robbie Williams

Robbie Williams has said, "I am numerically dyslexic." He's stated that he is increasing his tattoo collection by getting important dates inked on him as a reminder, often forgetting dates due to struggling to read them.

### Cher

Cher has both dyslexia and dyscalculia. After failing several classes, she dropped out of high school her junior year. She was diagnosed after taking her child to a doctor for his own struggles with reading.

## References

https://www.bdadyslexia.org.uk/dyscalculia

https://childmind.org/article/how-to-spot-dyscalculia/

https://www.understood.org/en/articles/what-is-dyscalculia

https://www.the-sun.com/entertainment/1504689/robbie-williams-dyslexic-numbers/

https://www.understood.org/en/articles/celebrity-spotlight-superstar-cher-triumphs-with-dyslexia-and-dyscalculia
Generalized Anxiety Disorder

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)** is an anxiety disorder characterized by persistent and excessive worry about a number of different things. There is not always a reason for this anxiety, if there is a reason, it is usually a mixture of several aspects of everyday life.

## Signs & Symptoms

GAD can show itself in mental and physical symptoms, often times individuals with GAD confuse their symptoms with physical illnesses.

* Persistent worrying or anxiety about a number of areas that are out of proportion to the impact of the events.
* Overthinking plans and solutions to all possible worst-case scenarios.
* Perceiving situations and events as threatening, even when they aren't.
* Difficulty handling uncertainty.
* Indecisiveness and fear of making the wrong decision.
* Inability to set aside or let go of worry.
* Difficulty to relax, feeling restless, and feeling on edge.
* Difficulty concentrating or feeling that ones mind "goes blank".

Physical signs may include:

* Fatigue.
* Trouble sleeping.
* Muscle tension or muscle aches.
* Trembling, feeling twitchy.
* Nervousness or being easily startled.
* Sweating.
* Nausea, diarrhea or irritable bowel syndrome.
* Irritability.

As GAD can cause physical symptoms, it can cause damage to the individual's body or can worsen already existing physical health conditions. It can lead to or worsen chronic pain, headaches and migraines, insomnia and other sleep problems, digestive or bowel problems, and heart-related health issues.

## Causes

The cause of generalized anxiety disorder is from a complex interaction of biological and environmental factors.

* Differences in brain chemistry and function.
* Genetics.
* Differences in the way threats are perceived.
* Development and personality.

## Treatment

Treatment for GAD is commonly through a mixture of medication and therapy. There are ways to help lessen anxiety, as just medication and therapy may not be sufficient enough.

Many medications prescribed to those with GAD are actually antidepressants rather than anti-anxiety medications, but they are found to be effective with anxiety disorders as well.

Self-helping anxiety is often suggested with taking medications and going to therapy, Exercise can reduce anxiety symptoms and enhance the effects of therapy.

## References

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/generalized-anxiety-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20360803

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/generalized-anxiety-disorder

https://www.beyondblue.org.au/the-facts/anxiety/types-of-anxiety/gad

https://adaa.org/understanding-anxiety/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad

https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad
Nomidysphoria

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Nomidysphoria**, also known as **Nominal Dysphoria**, is a type of dysphoria and may be a specific type of gender dysphoria or social dysphoria. It is the distress caused from a disconnect between one's preferred name(s) and the name that is used on the individual.

## References

https://www.britannica.com/science/gender-dysphoria
Sexsomnia

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.Sexual AssaultThe following page includes discussions of sexual assault and rape. If you are uncomfortable or get triggered by this topic, it is recommended to not read this page.

**Sexsomnia**, also known as **Sleep Sex** or **Sexual Behavior in Sleep (SBS)**, is characterized by sexual behavior during sleep, particularly during non-REM sleep. Although their eyes may be open and they make sexual noises, they are asleep during these activities and are unaware of their behavior once they are awake.

Nocturnal emissions, commonly called "wet dreams", are not the same thing as sexsomnia. Nocturnal emissions are considered a normal part of adolescent development. However, individuals with sexsomnia may mistake their condition for nocturnal emissions if their behavior is not witness by another individual.

## Signs & Symptoms

SBS presents differently from individual to individual. However, there are a variety of common behaviors individuals display during a sleep sex event. These common behaviors include:

* Talking dirty.
* Moaning.
* Masturbating.
* Pelvic thrusting.
* Sexually fondling a bed partner.
* Having an orgasm.
* Participating in foreplay with a bed partner.
* Engaging in sexual intercourse.
* Having vacant, glassy eyes during these behaviors.
* Sleep-related violence.

These behaviors may be more assertive than would otherwise be had the individual been awake. Additionally, these behaviors may be aggressive, violent, and/or harmful to the bed partner. Some sexsomnia events may produce physical effects such as lacerations or genital bruising.

Sometimes a sleep sexsomnia event can result in sexual assault. In many of these cases, the diagnosis is considered in legal proceedings.

## Causes

The precise cause of sexsomnia has not been determined. It may be an idiopathic parasomnia, meaning it spontaneously arises without any identified neurological dispositions.

There are several risk factors that have been reported as associated with sexsomnia:

* Other parasomnias, such as sleep walking and REM sleep behavior disorder.
* Obstructive sleep apnea.
* Sleep-related seizures.
* Kleine-Levin syndrome.
* Chronic insomnia.
* Restless leg syndrome.
* Narcolepsy.
* Persistent sexual arousal syndrome.
* Sleep-related dissociative disorders.
* Nocturnal psychotic disorders.
* Bruxism, or teeth grinding.
* Drinking alcohol.
* Past or current recreational drug use.
* Stress or anxiety.
* Sleep deprivation.
* Depression.
* Poor sleep hygiene.
* Shift work.
* A history of certain medical conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, ulcerative colitis, migraines, Parkinson's disease, head trauma and ulcers.

## References

https://www.aastweb.org/blog/sexsomnia-sleep-disorder-signs-symptoms-and-causes

https://www.sleepfoundation.org/parasomnias/sexsomnia

https://www.issm.info/sexual-health-qa/what-is-sexsomnia/
Panic Disorder

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Panic Disorder** is a condition in which an individual has episodes of intense fear or anxiety that occur suddenly, often without warning. Panic attacks can last from minutes to hours. They may occur only one in a while or they may occur more frequently. The trigger for these attacks may not be obvious.

## Signs & Symptoms

Common signs of a panic attack include:

* Shaking or trembling.
* Rapid, pounding heart rate.
* Sweating.
* Chest pain or discomfort.
* Shortness of breath or tightness in the throat.
* Nausea.
* Cramping.
* Dizziness or weakness.
* An out-of-body feeling.
* Tingling or numbness in the hands, arms, feet or legs.
* Chills or hot flashes.
* Sense of unreality or dreamlike sensations.
* Headache.
* Fear of loss of control or death.

### Diagnosis.

A diagnosis of panic disorder is usually made after an individual experiences at least two panic attacks that occur without reason and are followed by a period of at least a month of fear that another attack will happen.

## Causes

The cause for panic disorder is not yet known. Some believe that it could be genetic, from a traumatic or stressful life experience, an imbalance of chemicals in the brain, or from substance abuse.

## Treatment

The most common ways to treat panic disorder is through counseling/therapy and medicine. Counseling does not work as fast as medication, but it can be just as effective. Like with most anxiety disorders, most of the medications given are actually antidepressants rather than anti-anxiety medication, but antidepressants seem to work just as effectively.

## References

https://familydoctor.org/condition/panic-disorder/?adfree=true

https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/panic-disorder/

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/panic-attacks/symptoms-causes/syc-20376021

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4451-panic-disorder
Letter Form

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Letter Form Synesthesia**, also called **Alphabet Form Synesthesia**, is a type of spatial sequence synesthesia. This form of synesthesia causes the individual to perceive the alphabet in the space around them. The letters are located consistently and the pattern never changes. Sometimes, each letter also has its own color, making it related to grapheme-color synesthesia, along with a particular texture.

It is unknown how common this form of synesthesia is, but it is believed to be rare.

## References

https://www.thesynesthesiatree.com/2021/02/alphabet-form-synesthesia.html
Other Specified Dissociative Disorder-2

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Other Specified Dissociative Disorder-2 (OSDD-2)** is characterized by identity disturbances due to brainwashing, programming, torture, thought reform, or otherwise coercion-based dissociation. This includes being indoctrinated into a cult or being held captive.

In the DSM-IV, OSDD-2 was described as derealization without depersonalization. With the revisions to depersonalization/derealization disorder in the DSM-5, this is no longer the definition of OSDD-2.

## References

https://pluralpedia.org/w/Otherwise\_Specified\_Dissociative\_Disorder

http://traumadissociation.com/osdd