Electric Light Orchestra

English rock bandTemplate:SHORTDESC:English rock band

 Genres | * Progressive pop
* progressive rock
* orchestral pop
* pop rock
 Years active | * 1970–1983
* 1984–1986
* 2000–2001
 Labels | * Harvest
* Warner Bros.
* United Artists
* Jet
* Columbia
 Spinoffs | * ELO Part II
 Spinoff of | * The Move

The **Electric Light Orchestra** (**ELO**) are an English rock band formed in Birmingham in 1970 by songwriters and multi-instrumentalists Jeff Lynne and Roy Wood with drummer Bev Bevan. Their music is characterised by a fusion of pop, classical arrangements and futuristic iconography. After Wood's departure in 1972, Lynne became the band's sole leader, arranging and producing every album while writing nearly all of their original material. For their initial tenure, Lynne, Bevan and keyboardist Richard Tandy were the group's only consistent members.

ELO was formed out of Lynne's and Wood's desire to create modern rock and pop songs with classical overtones. It derived as an offshoot of Wood's previous band, the Move, of which Lynne and Bevan were also members. During the 1970s and 1980s, ELO released a string of top 10 albums and singles, including the band's most commercially successful album, the double album *Out of the Blue* (1977). Two ELO albums reached the top of British charts: the disco-inspired *Discovery* (1979) and the science-fiction-themed concept album *Time* (1981). In 1986 Lynne lost interest in the band and disbanded the group. Bevan responded by forming his own band, ELO Part II, which later became the Orchestra. Apart from a brief reunion in the early 2000s, ELO remained largely inactive until 2014, when Lynne re-formed the band with Tandy as **Jeff Lynne's ELO**.

During ELO's original 13-year period of active recording and touring, they sold over 50 million records worldwide, making them one of the best-selling music groups of all time. They collected 19 CRIA, 21 RIAA, and 38 BPI awards. From 1972 to 1986, ELO accumulated 27 top 40 songs on the UK Singles Chart, and fifteen top 20 songs on the US *Billboard* Hot 100. The band also holds the record for having the most *Billboard* Hot 100 top 40 hits (20) without a number one single of any band in US chart history. In 2017, the key members of ELO (Wood, Lynne, Bevan and Tandy) were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

## History

### 1970–1973: Formation and early albums

 File:Electric Light Orchestra publicity photo 1973.png
In 1968, Roy Wood — guitarist, vocalist and songwriter of the Move — had an idea to form a new band that would use violins, cellos, string basses, horns and woodwinds to give their music a classical sound, taking rock music in the direction to "pick up where the Beatles left off". The orchestral instruments would be the main focus, rather than the guitars. Jeff Lynne, frontman of fellow Birmingham group The Idle Race, was excited by the concept. When Trevor Burton left the Move in February 1969, Lynne was asked by Wood to join, only to say no, as he was still focused on finding success with his band. But in January 1970, when Carl Wayne quit the band, Lynne accepted Wood's second invitation to join, on the condition that they focus their energy on the new project.

On 12 July 1970, when Wood added multiple cellos to a Lynne-penned song intended to be a Move B-side, the new concept became a reality and "10538 Overture" became the first Electric Light Orchestra song. The original plan was to end The Move following the release of the *Looking On* album at the end of 1970, crossing over to the new unit in the new year, but to help finance the fledgling band, one further Move album, *Message from the Country*, was also recorded during the lengthy ELO recordings and released in mid-1971. The resulting debut album *The Electric Light Orchestra* was released in December 1971. Only the trio of Wood, Lynne and Bevan played on all songs, with Bill Hunt supplying the French Horn parts and Steve Woolam playing violin. It was released in the United States in March 1972 as *No Answer*. The name was chosen after a record company secretary had tried to ring the UK company to get the name of the album. They were unavailable so she left a note reading "No answer". "10538 Overture" became a UK top-ten hit. With both band's albums in the stores simultaneously, the Move and ELO both appeared on television during this period.

ELO's debut concert took place on 16 April 1972 at the Greyhound Pub in Croydon, Surrey, with a line-up of Wood, Lynne, Bevan, Bill Hunt (keyboards/French horn), Andy Craig (cello), Mike Edwards (cello), Wilfred Gibson (violin), Hugh McDowell (cello), and Richard Tandy (bass). However, this line-up did not last for long.[*failed verification*] First Craig departed, and then Wood, during the recordings for the band's second LP. Taking Hunt and McDowell with him, Wood left the band to form Wizzard. Both cited problems with their manager, Don Arden, who Wood felt failed in his role, and an unsatisfactory tour of Italy, where the cellos and violins could not be heard over the electric instruments. However, Arden would manage Wizzard, despite Wood's negative comments towards Arden. Despite predictions from the music press that the band would fold without Wood, who had been the driving force behind the creation of ELO, Lynne stepped up to lead the band, with Bevan, Edwards, Gibson and Tandy (who had switched from bass to keyboards to replace Hunt) remaining from the previous line-up, and new recruits Mike de Albuquerque and Colin Walker joining the band on bass and cello, respectively.

The new line-up performed at the 1972 Reading Festival on 12 August 1972. Barcus Berry instrument pick-ups, now sported by the band's string trio, allowed them to have proper amplification on stage for their instruments, which had previously been all but drowned out by the electrified instruments. The band released their second album *ELO 2* in early 1973, which produced their second UK top 10 and their first US chart single, an elaborate version of the Chuck Berry classic "Roll Over Beethoven" (which also incorporated the first movement of Beethoven's own Fifth Symphony). ELO also made their first appearance on *American Bandstand*. During the recording of the third album, Gibson was let go after a dispute over money, Mik Kaminski joined as violinist, and Walker left since touring was keeping him away from his family too much.Template:Citation needed Remaining cellist Edwards finished the cello parts for the album. The resulting album, *On the Third Day*, was released in late 1973, with the American version featuring the popular single "Showdown". After leaving Wizzard, Hugh McDowell returned as the group's second cellist, also in late 1973, in time to appear on the *On the Third Day* cover in some regions, despite not having played on the album.

### 1974–1982: Global success and concept albums

For the band's fourth album, *Eldorado*, a concept album about a daydreamer, Lynne stopped multi-tracking strings and hired Louis Clark as string arranger with an orchestra and choir. ELO's string players still continued to perform on recordings, however. The first single off the album, "Can't Get It Out of My Head", became their first US top 10 hit, and *Eldorado, A Symphony* became ELO's first gold album. Mike de Albuquerque departed the band during the recording sessions as he wished to spend more time with his family, and consequently much of the bass on the album was performed by Lynne.

Following the release of *Eldorado*, Kelly Groucutt was recruited as bassist and in early 1975, Melvyn Gale replaced Edwards on cello. The line-up stabilised as the band took to a decidedly more accessible sound. ELO had become successful in the US at this point and the group was a star attraction on the stadium and arena circuit, and appeared on *The Midnight Special* more than any other band in that show's history with four appearances (in 1973, 1975, 1976 and 1977).

*Face the Music* was released in 1975, producing the hit singles "Evil Woman", their third UK top 10, and "Strange Magic". The opening instrumental "Fire on High", with its mix of strings and acoustic guitars, saw heavy exposure as the theme music for the American television programme *CBS Sports Spectacular* in the mid-1970s. The group toured extensively from 3 February to 13 April 1976, playing 68 shows in 76 days in the US.

Their sixth album, the platinum selling *A New World Record*, became their first UK top 10 album when it was released in 1976. It contained the hit singles "Livin' Thing", "Telephone Line", "Rockaria!" and "Do Ya", the last a re-recording of a Move song recorded for that group's final single. The band toured in support in the US only from September 1976 to April 1977 with a break in December, then an *American Music Awards* show appearance on 31 January 1977, plus a one-off gig in San Diego in August 1977. Casey Kasem said that the Electric Light Orchestra is the "World's first touring rock 'n' roll chamber group" before he played "Livin' Thing" at #28.

*A New World Record* was followed by a multi-platinum selling album, the double-LP *Out of the Blue*, in 1977. *Out of the Blue* featured the singles "Turn to Stone", "Sweet Talkin' Woman", "Mr. Blue Sky", and "Wild West Hero", each becoming a hit in the United Kingdom. The band then set out on a nine-month, 92-date world tour, with an enormous set and a hugely expensive space ship stage with fog machines and a laser display. In the United States the concerts were billed as *The Big Night* and were their largest to date, with 62,000 people seeing them at Cleveland Stadium. *The Big Night* went on to become the highest-grossing live concert tour in music history up to that point (1978). The band played at London's Wembley Arena for eight straight sold-out nights during the tour, another record at that time.

During an Australian tour in early 1978, Electric Light Orchestra were presented with 9 platinum awards for the albums *Out of the Blue* and *New World Record*.

In 1979, the multi-platinum album *Discovery* was released, reaching number one on the UK Albums Chart. Although the biggest hit on the album (and ELO's biggest hit overall) was the rock song "Don't Bring Me Down", the album was noted for its heavy disco influence. *Discovery* also produced the hits "Shine a Little Love", their first and only No. 1 hit from 1972 to the present with any of the four major or minor US singles charts on *Radio & Records (R&R)*, "Last Train to London", "Confusion" and "The Diary of Horace Wimp". Another song, "Midnight Blue", was released as a single in southeast Asia. The band recorded promotional videos for all the songs on the album.

By the end of 1979, ELO had reached the peak of their stardom, selling millions of albums and singles, and even inspiring a parody/tribute song on the Randy Newman album *Born Again*, titled "The Story of a Rock and Roll Band". During 1979, Jeff Lynne also turned down an invitation for ELO to headline the August 1979 Knebworth Festival concerts. That allowed Led Zeppelin the chance to headline instead.

In 1980, Jeff Lynne was asked to write for the soundtrack of the musical film *Xanadu* and provided half of the songs, with the other half written by John Farrar and performed by the film's star Olivia Newton-John. The film performed poorly at the box office, but the soundtrack did exceptionally well, eventually going double platinum. The album spawned hit singles from both Newton-John ("Magic", a No. 1 hit in the United States, and "Suddenly" with Cliff Richard) and ELO ("I'm Alive", which went gold, "All Over the World" and "Don't Walk Away"). The title track, performed by both Newton-John and ELO, is ELO's only song to top the singles chart in the United Kingdom. More than a quarter of a century later, *Xanadu*, a Broadway musical based on the film, opened on 10 July 2007 at the Helen Hayes Theatre to uniformly good reviews. It received four Tony Award nominations. The musical received its UK premiere in London in October 2015. Casey Kasem called The Electric Light Orchestra a "seven-man supergroup" and "amazing" for hitting the top 40 a remarkable six times in a one-year period from August 1979 to August 1980 before playing "All Over the World" at #23.

In 1981, ELO's sound changed again with the science fiction concept album *Time*, a throwback to earlier, more progressive rock albums like *Eldorado*. With the string section now departed, synthesisers took a dominating role, as was the trend in the larger music scene of the time; although studio strings were present on some of the tracks conducted by Rainer Pietsch, the overall soundscape had a more electronic feel in keeping with the futuristic nature of the album. *Time* topped the UK charts for two weeks and was the last ELO studio album to be certified platinum in the United Kingdom until *Alone in the Universe* in 2015. Singles from the album included "Hold On Tight", "Twilight", "The Way Life's Meant to Be", "Here Is the News" and "Ticket to the Moon". However, the release of the single for "Rain Is Falling" in 1982 was the band's first single in the US to fail to reach the *Billboard* Top 200 since 1975, and the release of "The Way Life's Meant to Be" similarly was their first single in the UK to fail to chart since 1976. The band embarked on their last world tour to promote the LP. For the tour, Kaminski returned to the line-up on violin, whilst Louis Clark (synthesizers) and Dave Morgan (guitar, keyboards, synthesizers, vocals) also joined the on stage lineup. Clark had previously handled string arrangements for the band.Template:Citation needed

### 1983–1986: *Secret Messages*, *Balance of Power*, disbanding

 File:Electric Light Orchestra (1986).jpg
Jeff Lynne wanted to follow *Time* with a double album, but CBS blocked his plan on the grounds that a double vinyl album would be too expensive in the oil crisis and not sell as well as a single record, so as a result, the new album was edited down from double album to a single disc and released as *Secret Messages* in 1983 (many of the out-takes were later released on *Afterglow* or as B-sides of singles). The album was a hit in the UK reaching the top 5; but its release was undermined by a string of bad news that there would be no tour to promote the LP. Lynne, discouraged by the dwindling crowds on the *Time* tour, CBS's order to cut *Secret Messages* down to one disc, and his falling out with manager Don Arden (he would eventually leave Arden and Jet by 1985), decided to end ELO in late 1983.Template:Cn

Drummer Bevan moved on to play drums for Black Sabbath and bassist Groucutt, unhappy with no touring income that year, decided to sue Lynne and Jet Records in November 1983, eventually resulting in a settlement for the sum of £300,000 (equivalent to £994,300 in 2018). While *Secret Messages* debuted at number four in the United Kingdom, it subsequently performed poorly in the charts, with a lack of hit singles (though "Rock 'n' Roll Is King" was a sizeable hit in UK, the US and Australia) and a lukewarm media response.Template:Citation needed

That same year, Lynne moved into production work, having already produced two tracks for Dave Edmunds' album *Information*, and he would go on to produce six cuts from his next one, *Riff Raff*, in 1984 and one cut on the Everly Brothers reunion album *EB 84*. He also composed a track for former ABBA member Agnetha Fältskog's 1985 album *Eyes of a Woman*.

Lynne and Tandy went on to record tracks for the 1984 *Electric Dreams* soundtrack under Lynne's name; however, Lynne was contractually obliged to make one more ELO album. So Lynne, Bevan and Tandy returned to the studio in 1984 and 1985 as a three-piece (with Christian Schneider playing saxophone on some tracks and Lynne again doubling on bass in addition to his usual guitar in the absence of an official bass player) to record *Balance of Power*, released early in 1986 after some delays. Though the single "Calling America" placed in the Top 30 in the United Kingdom (number 28) and Top 20 in the States, subsequent singles failed to chart. The album lacked actual classical strings, which were replaced once again by synthesizers, played by Tandy and Lynne. However, despite being a 3-piece, much of the album was made by Lynne alone, with Tandy and Bevan giving their additions later.

The band was then rejoined by Kaminski, Clark and Morgan, adding Martin Smith on bass guitar, and proceeded to perform a small number of live ELO performances in 1986, including shows in England and Germany along with US appearances on *American Bandstand*, *Solid Gold*, then at Disneyland that summer. ELO performed at the Heart Beat 86 charity concert organised by Bevan in the band's hometown of Birmingham on 15 March 1986; a hint of Lynne's future was seen when George Harrison appeared onstage during the encore, joining in the all-star jam of "Johnny B. Goode". ELO's last performance for several years occurred on 13 July 1986 in Stuttgart, Germany playing as opening act to Rod Stewart. With Lynne no longer under contractual obligation to attend further scheduled performances, ELO effectively disbanded after that final show in Stuttgart in 1986, but there was no announcement made of it for the next two years, during which George Harrison's Lynne-produced album *Cloud Nine* and the pair's follow-up (with Roy Orbison, Bob Dylan and Tom Petty as Traveling Wilburys) *Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1* were released.

### 1989–1999: ELO Part II

 File:Electric Light Orchestra 3.jpg
Bev Bevan (under an agreement with Lynne, who co-owned the ELO name with him) continued on in 1989 as ELO Part II, initially with no other former ELO members, but with ELO's main orchestra conductor, Louis Clark. Bevan also recruited Eric Troyer, Pete Haycock, and Neil Lockwood. ELO Part II released their debut album *Electric Light Orchestra Part Two* in May 1991. Mik Kaminski, Kelly Groucutt and Hugh McDowell, at the time working in a group called OrKestra, joined the group for their first tour in 1991. While McDowell did not stay, Groucutt and Kaminski became fully-fledged members.

In 1994, after the departure of Haycock and Lockwood, the remaining five recorded *Moment of Truth* with their newest member, Phil Bates. This lineup toured extensively up to 1999. Bevan retired from the lineup in 1999 and sold his share of the ELO name to Jeff Lynne in 2000, after Lynne had expressed his dismay that in certain areas the band were billed as 'ELO', rather than with '...Part II' added, suggesting it was the original outfit.Template:Cn After Bevan left, the band continued after they changed its name to The Orchestra. In 2001 The Orchestra released their debut album *No Rewind*.

### 2000–2001: Reformation

Lynne's comeback with ELO began in 2000 with the release of a retrospective box set, *Flashback*, containing three CDs of remastered tracks and a handful of out-takes and unfinished works, most notably a new version of ELO's only UK number one hit "Xanadu". In 2001 *Zoom,* ELO's first album since 1986, was released. Though billed and marketed as an ELO album, the only returning member other than Lynne was Tandy, who performed on one track. Guest musicians included former Beatles Ringo Starr and George Harrison. Upon completion of the album, Lynne reformed the band with completely new members, including his then-girlfriend Rosie Vela (who had released her own album, *Zazu*, in 1986) and announced that ELO would tour again. Tandy rejoined the band a short time afterwards for two television live performances: *VH1 Storytellers* and a PBS concert shot at CBS Television City, later titled *Zoom Tour Live* and released on DVD. Besides Lynne, Tandy and Vela, the new live ELO lineup included Gregg Bissonette (drums, backing vocals), Matt Bissonette (bass guitar, backing vocals), Marc Mann (guitars, keyboards, backing vocals), Peggy Baldwin (cello), and Sarah O'Brien (cello). However, the planned tour was cancelled, reportedly due to poor ticket sales.

### 2001–2013: Non-performing work, reissues and miniature reunions

 File:Electric Light Orchestra in 2013 on Stage.jpg
From 2001 to 2007, Harvest and Epic/Legacy reissued ELO's back catalogue. Included amongst the remastered album tracks were unreleased songs and outtakes, including two new singles. The first was "Surrender" which registered on the lower end of the UK Singles Chart at number 81, some 30 years after it was written in 1976. The other single was "Latitude 88 North".

In August 2010, Eagle Rock Entertainment released *Live – The Early Years* in the UK as a DVD compilation that included *Fusion – Live in London* (1976) along with previously unreleased live performances at Brunel University (1973) and on the German TV show *Rockpalast* (1974). *The Essential Electric Light Orchestra* artwork was re-jigged to feature two different covers. The US and Australian releases shared one design, while the rest of the world featured the other for a new double album release in October 2011.

*Mr. Blue Sky: The Very Best of Electric Light Orchestra* was released on 8 October 2012. It is an album of re-recordings of ELO's greatest hits, performed by Lynne exclusively, along with a new song titled "Point of No Return". Released to coincide with Lynne's second solo album release *Long Wave,* these new albums contained advertisement cards, announcing the re-release of expanded and remastered versions of both the 2001 album *Zoom* and Lynne's debut solo album *Armchair Theatre*, originally released in 1990. Both albums were re-released in April 2013 with various bonus tracks. Also released was the live album, *Electric Light Orchestra Live*, showcasing songs from the Zoom tour. All three releases also featured new studio recordings as bonus tracks.

Lynne and Tandy reunited again on 12 November 2013 to perform, under the name Jeff Lynne and Friends, "Livin' Thing" and "Mr. Blue Sky" at the Children in Need Rocks concert at Hammersmith Eventim Apollo, London. The backing orchestra was the BBC Concert Orchestra, with Chereene Allen on lead violin.

### 2014–present: Jeff Lynne's ELO

 File:Jefflynne hydepark.jpg
The success of the Children in Need performance was followed by support from BBC Radio 2 DJ Chris Evans, who had Lynne as his on-air guest and asked his listeners if they wanted to see ELO perform. The 50,000 tickets for the resulting BBC Radio 2's "Festival in a Day" in Hyde Park on 14 September 2014 sold out in 15 minutes. Billed as "Jeff Lynne's ELO", Lynne and Tandy were backed by the Take That/Gary Barlow band from the Children in Need concert, led by Mike Stevens and the BBC Concert Orchestra. Lynne chose to use the name as a response to ELO offshoots ELO Part II and The Orchestra. Chereene Allen was again the lead violinist for the band. The development of modern digital processing added a smoother finish to the work, which led Lynne to reconsider his preference for studio work, hinting at a UK tour in 2015.

On 8 February 2015, Jeff Lynne's ELO played at the Grammy Awards for the first time. They performed a medley of "Evil Woman" and "Mr. Blue Sky" with Ed Sheeran, who introduced them as "A man and a band who I love".

On 10 September 2015, it was announced that a new ELO album would be released. The album was to be under the moniker of Jeff Lynne's ELO, with the band signed to Columbia Records. *Alone in the Universe* was released on 13 November 2015. The album was ELO's first album of new material since 2001's *Zoom*. The first track, and single, "When I Was a Boy" was made available for streaming on the same day and a music video for the song was also released. A small promotional tour followed the album's release which saw Jeff Lynne's ELO perform a full concert for *BBC Radio 2* along with their first two shows in the United States in 30 years, both which sold out very quickly. Jeff Lynne's ELO also made rare US television appearances on *The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon*, *Jimmy Kimmel Live* and *CBS This Morning*. A 19-date European tour was announced for 2016, with the band playing the Pyramid Stage at Glastonbury Festival on 26 June 2016.

In 2017 they played their "Alone in the Universe" tour. That same year, on 7 April, they played at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as they were inducted during the 32nd Annual Induction Ceremony.

The band continued to tour in 2018 in North America and Europe. A video was created for the City of Birmingham which used the original recording of "Mr. Blue Sky" as its music; this was played at the Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games Closing Ceremony during the handover presentation of Birmingham 2022.

On 3 August 2018, *Secret Messages* was reissued "as originally conceived" as a double album. It included several cut tracks, such as the CD exclusive bonus track "Time After Time", B-side exclusives "Buildings Have Eyes" and "After All", the *Afterglow* exclusives "Mandalay" and "Hello My Old Friend", and the 2001 reissue exclusives "Endless Lies" and "No Way Out".

On 22 October 2018, Lynne announced that Jeff Lynne's ELO would embark on a 2019 North American tour from June to August 2019.

ELO released their 14th album, *From Out of Nowhere*, on 1 November 2019. While a tour from the album was announced to begin in October 2020, the official Jeff Lynne's ELO Twitter page then later announced that the tour was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Legacy and influence

According to music journalist Simon Price, ELO was

> arguably the most uncool, even defiantly anti-cool, of the lot and have been the slowest to be rehabilitated since ... They've been sampled by dozens upon dozens of acts, from Company Flow to the Pussycat Dolls, if you go looking. Every now and then in my journalistic career, it's been possible to coax a contemporary band to admit to an ELO influence; the Flaming Lips and Super Furry Animals being two examples. But the band in whom I perceive the greatest amount of ELO DNA are outside the rock genre altogether: Daft Punk."
>
>

In November 2016, Jeff Lynne's ELO won Band of the Year at the Classic Rock Roll of Honour Awards. In October 2016, ELO were nominated for the 2017 class of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for the first time. It was the first time the Hall had announced in advance the members of bands who would be inducted; the members of ELO listed were Jeff Lynne, Roy Wood, Bev Bevan and Richard Tandy. On 20 December 2016, it was announced ELO had been elected to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Class of 2017.

## Members

**Principal members**

* Jeff Lynne — lead and backing vocals, guitars, bass, piano, keyboards, cello, drums, percussion (1970–1983, 1985–1986, 2000–2001, 2014–present)
* Roy Wood — lead and backing vocals, guitars, bass, cello, oboe, bassoon (1970–1972)
* Bev Bevan — drums, percussion, backing vocals (1970–1983, 1985–1986)
* Richard Tandy — piano, keyboards, synthesizer, bass, guitar, backing vocals (1972–1983, 1985–1986, 2000–2001, 2014–2016, 2019–present)

## Discography

* *The Electric Light Orchestra* (1971)
* *ELO 2* (1973)
* *On the Third Day* (1973)
* *Eldorado* (1974)
* *Face the Music* (1975)
* *A New World Record* (1976)
* *Out of the Blue* (1977)
* *Discovery* (1979)
* *Xanadu* (1980) (with Olivia Newton-John) (soundtrack album)
* *Time* (1981)
* *Secret Messages* (1983)
* *Balance of Power* (1986)
* *Zoom* (2001)
* *Alone in the Universe* (2015) (credited as Jeff Lynne's ELO)
* *From Out of Nowhere* (2019) (credited as Jeff Lynne's ELO)

## Notes

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Template:Citation
2. ↑ Electric Light Orchestra, Part II.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Electric Light Orchestra.
4. ↑ The following references cite the band as either orchestral pop or symphonic pop:

	* Macan, Edward (1997). *Rocking the Classics: English Progressive Rock and the Counterculture*. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-509887-7. https://archive.org/details/rockingclassicse0000maca.
	* Music review: Jeff Lynn's ELO. *The Scotsman* (2018). Retrieved on October 16, 2022.
	* Araimo, Catherine (2018). Listen to ELO Play the Ultimate Anti-Love Song on Valentine's Day 1976. *Paste*. Retrieved on October 16, 2022.
5. ↑ Lecaro, Lina (7 August 2018). Live in L.A.: Jeff Lynne's ELO Prove That Spacy Pop Rock Is Still a Livin' Thing. *LA Weekly*.
6. ↑ Ray, Michael, ed (2012). "Classical Influences: Art Rock and Progressive Rock". *Disco, Punk, New Wave, Heavy Metal, and More: Music in the 1970s and 1980s*. Britannica Educational Publishing. p. 105. ISBN 978-1-61530-912-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=hd-bAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT97.
7. ↑ Center, Event Tickets (22 October 2018). Jeff Lynne's ELO Announces 2019 Headlining Tour.
8. ↑ Electric Light Orchestra – Band History.
9. ↑ RIAA. RIAA.
10. ↑ Home.
11. ↑ Electric Light Orchestra Chart History.
12. ↑ E.L.O. | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company.
13. ↑ Casey Kasem's American Top 40 from 15 March 1986
14. ↑ Robert Porter. Electric Light Orchestra – The USA Singles. *Jeff Lynne Song Database*.
15. ↑ ELO.
16. ↑ Charts.
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Sisario, Ben (20 December 2016). "Pearl Jam, Tupac Shakur and Joan Baez Will Join the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame - NYTimes.com". *The New York Times*. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
18. ↑ ELO.
19. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Picking up where the Beatles left off ... Jeff Lynne and ELO. Photograph: Andre Csillag/Rex Alan McGee (16 October 2008). "ELO: The band the Beatles could have been". *The Guardian*. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
20. ↑ Electric Light Orchestra's No Answer. snopes.com. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
21. ↑ Bevan, Bev (1980). *The Elo Story*. Mushroom Publishing. p. 174. ISBN 0907394000.
22. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Roy Wood talks about ELO". BBC. 2007.
23. ↑ Kielty, Martin. Why Roy Wood Really Left the Electric Light Orchestra (en).
24. ↑ Larkin, Colin (20 July 2016). Electric Light Orchestra. Oxford University Press.
25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 "ELO: UK Chart History". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 9 February 2015
26. ↑ Eaton Music – Louis Clark. Web.archive.org (5 June 2008). Retrieved 31 January 2011.
27. ↑ ELO Livin Thing American Music Awards 31 Jan 1977 Full. YouTube (25 February 2011)
28. ↑ Casey Kasem's American Top 40 from 29 January 1977
29. ↑ Bornino, Bruno, "62,000 see ELO’s UFO" *Cleveland Press* 17 July 1978
30. ↑ Robert Porter. Electric Light Orchestra – Out Of The Blue Tour: An in-depth look at the 1978 tour. *Jeff Lynne Song Database*.
31. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
32. ↑ ELO.
33. ↑ Charts.
34. ↑ Guinness World Records: "British Hit Singles 14th Edition", page 195. 0-85112-156-X
35. ↑ Sara Benn (20 August 2015). Xanadu gets UK premiere. *Theatre news*.
36. ↑ Casey Kasem's American Top 40 from 30 August 1980
37. ↑ Electric Light Orchestra – *Time*.
38. ↑ Van Der Kiste, John (2015). *Jeff Lynne The Electric Light Orchestra*. Fonthill Media.
39. ↑ Deriso, Nick (17 February 2021). 35 Years Ago: Electric Light Orchestra Blow Apart On "Balance of Power". Ultimate Classic Rock.
40. ↑ ELO – Calling América AB 5 Jul 1986. *YouTube* (31 May 2011).
41. ↑ ELO – Disney's Summer Vacation Party (TV Show – 1986). *YouTube* (17 October 2012).
42. ↑ Electric Light Orchestra (ELO) Concert at Birmingham NEC 1986 – Heartbeat 86. *YouTube* (28 May 2013).
43. ↑ Zoom.
44. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"ELO a no-go". *The Philadelphia Inquirer*. 18 August 2001. pp. E8. "The off-switch has been flipped on the Electric Light Orchestra. Or at least its tour, which was wired to illuminate the First Union Center on 15 Sept."
45. ↑ Electric Light Orchestra Live – The Early Years Coming to DVD August 24th (13 August 2010).
46. ↑ Face The Music – HERE IS THE NEWS.
47. ↑ Releases : elo (5 October 2012).
48. ↑ "Do Ya" Want More Reissues From Electric Light Orchestra and Jeff Lynne? « The Second Disc.
49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 Chereene Allen.
50. ↑ Caroline Sullivan (15 September 2014). Jeff Lynne's ELO review – school-disco joy for 1970s maximalism.
51. ↑ Jeff Lynne's Long-Awaited Return to Electric Light Orchestra (10 November 2015).
52. ↑ Review and setlist: Jeff Lynne's ELO, Hyde Park, London (15 September 2014).
53. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
54. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
55. ↑ JEFF LYNNE'S ELO TO RELEASE FIRST ALBUM OF ALL NEW ELO MUSIC IN OVER A DECADE. *Electric Light Orchestra and Jeff Lynne*.
56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 Electric Light Orchestra Returns In Fine Form (24 September 2015).
57. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
58. ↑ Jeff Lynne's ELO playing intimate U.S. release shows this month, touring Europe in 2016 (dates) (17 November 2014).
59. ↑ Jeff Lynne's ELO to Play Pyramid Stage Sunday Teatime Slot. Glastonbury Festival.
60. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Jeff Lynne's ELO announce Wembley Stadium show". *NME*. 27 June 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
61. ↑ Tom Chaplin and the Shires To Support Jeff Lynne's ELO on UK Dates.
62. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
63. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"ELO to have role in Birmingham 2022 handover at Gold Coast 2018 alongside rap artist and cast of youngsters". *Insidethegames.biz*.
64. ↑ SECRET MESSAGES – 35TH ANNIVERSARY 2LP.
65. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
66. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
67. ↑ Template:Cite tweet
68. ↑ The Jesus of Uncool Is Risen: ELO Live, By Simon Price. *The Quietus* (16 September 2014).
69. ↑ Cheap Trick, ELO, Queen, Def Leppard, Jeff Beck Among Winners at Classic Rock Awards. Vintage Vinyl News.
70. ↑ Rock Hall 2017 Nominations: Pearl Jam, Tupac, Depeche Mode, Kraftwerk, Janet Jackson, Bad Brains | Pitchfork (18 October 2016).
71. ↑ Electric Light Orchestra (ELO).

## Further reading

* Bevan, Bev *The Electric Light Orchestra Story* (London: Mushroom, 1980)
* Van der Kiste, John *Jeff Lynne: The Electric Light Orchestra, before and after* (Stroud: Fonthill Media, 2015)

## External links

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* Electric Light Orchestra – The official Facebook page by Legacy Recordings.
* Electric Light Orchestra Legacy Recordings site – ELO's page at their record label.
* Jeff Lynne's ELO – The official Jeff Lynne website.
* Jeff Lynne Song Database
* ELO|Rock & Roll Hall of Fame
* Template:Discogs artist
* Electric Light Orchestra at IMDb

Template:2017 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame

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