Ligne 70 KV - (Coudes-Brioude)

### Nombre de pylônes:

517 supports : 269 pylones à 6 triangles + 248 poteaux à 3 triangles + 2 portiques

## Détails:

### Date de suppression:

Déposée par étape entre 1955 et 2004 (sauf la section Le Breuil-A75)

## Présentation :

La ligne Coudes-Brioude est une ancienne ligne à haute tension de 70 kilovolts qui reliait le poste électrique de Brioude à l'ancienne centrale thermique de Coudes. Elle fut sectionnée en 1951 pour former deux nouvelles lignes qui furent déclassées l'une à la fin des années 1950 et l'autre au début des années 1970. Elle fut progressivement et presque intégralement démontée durant la seconde moitié du 20e siècle. Il n'en reste aujourd'hui qu'une portion d'un kilomètre et 11 pylônes d'origine.

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## Historique :

Cette ligne fut construite au début des années 1920 par la *Compagnie Hydro-électrique d'Auvergne* (CHEA), qui exploitait à l'époque plusieurs centrales hydrauliques (notamment sur la Sioule) et des usines thermiques dont celle de Coudes. Cette dernière possédait une puissance de 25,5 mégawatts et l'énergie était évacuée par deux lignes 70 KV à doubles ternes dirigées vers Brioude et Clermont-Ferrand ainsi que deux lignes simples à 25KV, Elle fut probablement mise en service en même temps que les lignes. Les circuits 70 et 25KV étaient installés conjointement sur deux portiques pour franchir l'Allier à la sortie de l'usine.

En outre, la CHEA développa un réseau de transport et de distribution d'énergie qui à terme allait couvrir tout le Puy-de-Dôme et une partie des départements limitrophes (Allier au Nord, Cantal et Haute-Loire au Sud).

Contrairement à la ligne Coudes-Liève (qui alimentait Clermont-Ferrand), l'axe Coudes-Brioude était une ligne à un seul circuit qui se décomposait en trois sections distinctes :

* Une section à double terne avec des pylônes treillis à 6 triangles de Coudes à Beaulieu mais dont le deuxième circuit ne sera exploité que partiellement à partir de 1939 pour créer une ligne Coudes - Le Piat alimentant l'usine *Forgeal* (aujourd'hui Auber & Duval) à Issoire. Ce tronçon supportait également une ligne à 25KV sur l'étage inférieur des pylônes afin d'assurer la distribution d'électricité vers les commune situées sur le parcours de la ligne
* Une section en simple circuit composée de poteaux béton et un armement à 3 triangles entre Beaulieu et Brioude
* Une section à double terne d'1,5km à Brioude avec des pylônes treillis à 6 triangles qui porteraient également quelques année plus tard la ligne Neussargues-Brioude jusqu'au poste électrique de la sous-préfecture Altiligérienne.

La ligne est interrompue en 1951 suite à la mise en service la centrale thermique de *la Taupe* à Vézézoux, dans le bassin minier de Brassac. EDF, gestionnaire de la ligne depuis la nationalisation du réseau en 1946, monte alors 6 pylônes à 3 triangles et 2 "drapeaux", plus imposants que ceux de la CHEA, pour dérouter la ligne vers la nouvelle centrale, créant ainsi les lignes Coudes - La Taupe et La Taupe - Brioude. La première aura une existence brève car elle sera supplantée par l'actuelle ligne Issoire - La Taupe en 1959 et sera partiellement déposée dans la foulée. La deuxième verra sa tension portée à 63 000 volts la même année puis sera déclassée en ligne 20 KV au début des années 1970 suite à son remplacement par la ligne actuelle. Elle sera déposée intégralement entre 1979 et 1983.

## La ligne de nos jours :

La section au Sud de *la Taupe* a disparu au début des années 1980. Quant à la section Nord, elle fut démantelée progressivement entre les années 1960 et les années 2000. Il reste aujourd'hui un dernier vestige de cet ouvrage de la CHEA; une portion d'un kilomètre (et 11 pylônes d'origines) le long de la D726 entre la sortie 16 de l'A75 et l'entrée du Breuil-sur-Couze.

## Description du tracé :

* A la sortie de la centrale thermique de Coudes, la ligne franchissait l'Allier à l'aide de deux portiques supportant également la ligne Coudes-Liève.
* Elle bifurquait ensuite vers le Sud-Est pour longer la RN9 (devenue aujourd'hui A75) jusqu'à *Veneix* puis prenait un peu d'altitude pour suivre la D713.
* La ligne suivait le tracé cette route jusqu'aux abords d'Issoire en traversant au passage le village de Saint-Yvoine. Elle contournait ensuite Issoire par l'Ouest puis arrivée à la sortie Sud de la ville, longeait la RN9 jusqu'au Broc.
* Elle prenait ensuite la direction du Breuil-sur-Couze en longeant la D726 puis partait en direction de Beaulieu en suivant la D725. Après Beaulieu, elle continuait à longer la D725 jusqu’à Charbonnier-les-Mines puis tournait vers l'Est pour se diriger vers Brassac-les-Mines.
* A Brassac, la ligne bifurquait à nouveau vers le Sud puis suivait grossièrement le cours de l'Allier jusqu'à *Lugeac*. Elle passait ensuite près de *Lubières* avant de rattraper la D14 qu'elle suivait jusqu'a *Largelier*.
* A partir de *Largelier*, elle longeait la N102 jusqu'à Brioude pour rejoindre la ligne Brioude-Neussargues. Les deux lignes étaient ensuite couplées sur un tronc commun jusqu'au poste de Brioude, équipé des mêmes pylônes à 6 triangles que la section Coudes-Beaulieu.

## Tronçons récupérés pour la création de nouvelles lignes :

* Ligne 70 KV - (Coudes - La Taupe)
* Ligne 70 KV - (Brioude - La Taupe)

## Notes :

* La centrale thermique de Coudes a probablement été mise à l'arrêt en 1951 quand fut mise en service celle de *la Taupe*.
* Le tronçon de ligne à double ternes au départ de Coudes se terminait à Beaulieu mais le deuxième circuit semble n'avoir jamais été exploité entièrement (seule la portion Coudes-Issoire fut utilisée à partir de 1939). La ligne fut sans doute construite ainsi en prévision d'une future arrivée en 70 KV pour renforcer ultérieurement l'alimentation du bassin minier de Brassac-les-Mines, Sainte-Florine et La Combelle.