Egyptian pharaohs

This list shows how the Egyptian pharaohs in Manetho and other traditional classical sources correlate with kings known from hieroglyphics.

(See also: Mesopotamian kings)

### Antediluvian pharaohs 3117-2755 BC

The Antediluvian pharaohs who ruled Egypt in the first 8 dynasties, 3117-2755 BC, are not included here at present, although overall Manetho's list of their traditional names, from **Menes** (Narmer) through **Nitocris** (Netjerkare), is remarkably accurate, as the hieroglyphic record of them had survived the deluge.

### Postdiluvian pharaohs 2409-334 BC

[The first set of traditional names for Post-diluvian pharaohs, in dynasties 9 through 11, are preserved in the Aramaic historians, Bar Hebraeus and Michael the Syrian, but these names were cut out from Proto-Manetho.]

* **Panophis** - Wahkare Kheti (aka Oceanus, Misraim) 2409-2342 BC
* **Eupipaphios** - Neferkare I Kheti (aka Achtoes, Ham) 2342-2323 BC
* **Sanos Ethiopos** - Meribtawi / Meryibre Kheti (Misraim again) 2323-2263 BC
* **Peron Barsanos** - Userkare Sa-Khety (aka Osiris Apis) 2263-2228 BC
* **Karimon** - Neferkare II Kheti 2228-2224 BC
* **Apintos** - Userhapy Shed (Osiris Apis again) 2224-2192 BC
* **Auronkos** - Nebkaure Kheti 2192-2159 BC
* **Samonos** - Neferkare III Senen 2159-2139 BC
* **Armios** - Merikare Kheti 2139-2073 BC
* **Parandos** the Theban - Mentuhotep II (Osiris Apis a third time) 2113-2069 BC
* **Panos** - Antef I 2069-2058 BC
* **Hisokos** - Antef II Wahankh 2058-2008 BC

[The traditional names for the next 3 kings of the 11th dynasty are in *Defloratio*:]

* **Typhon** - Antef III 2008-2002 BC
* **Osiris Apis** (fourth reign) - Mentuhotep III 2002-1995 BC
* **Hercules Libycus** - Mentuhotep IV Nebtawyre 1995-1994 BC

[All remaining traditional names from the 12th dynasty on (except Phosinos and Tnephactos) are found in Manetho, although some dynasties are known to be a bit jumbled.]

* **Ammenemes** - Amenemhat I 1994-1964 BC
* **Sesonkhosis** - Senusret I 1964-1930 BC
* **Ammanemes** - Amenemhat II 1930-1897 BC
* **Sesostris** - Senusret II 1897-1880 and Senusret III 1880-1851 BC
* **Lamares** - Amenemhat III 1851-1824 BC
* **Ammenemes** - Amenemhat IV 1824-1816 BC
* **Q. Skemiophris** - Q. Sobekneferu 1816-1812 BC

[The 13th dynasty names were at some point uprooted from Proto-Manetho, and the following 8 traditional names were transplanted to the 18th dynasty to cover the names 1353-1292 BC, from Akhenaten to Horemheb, and conflating Aegyptus with Ramses I. Aside from causing much later confusion, this created a gap in the traditional names from 1812 to 1783 BC.]

* **Orus** - Hor Awybre 1783-1775 BC
* **Achencheres** - Sekhemre 1775-1773 BC

[omitted: Djedkheperew 1773 BC]

* **Achoris** - Sedjefakare 1773-1768 BC

[omitted: Khutawyre 1768-1766 BC]

* **Cenchres** - Khendjer 1766-1758 BC
* **Acherres** - Smenkhare 1758-1746 BC
* **Cherres** - Sehetepkare 1746-1736 BC
* **Armaios Danaus** - Set Meribre 1736-1733 BC
* **Aegyptus** - Sobekhotep III 1733-1693 BC (aka 'Pharaoh of the Oppression')

[There is another gap in traditional names for 5 pharaohs of the 13th dynasty, 1693-1657 BC.]

* **(Phosinos)** - Merneferre Ay 1657-1653 BC (aka 'Pharaoh of the Exodus')
* **Salitis** - Sakir-Har 1653-1634 BC (Hyk.)
* **Bnon** - Aper-Anati 1634-1630 BC (Hyk.)
* **Apachnan** - Khyan 1630-1594 BC (Hyk.)
* **Staan** - Shamuqenu 1594-1585 BC (Hyk.)
* **Apophis** - Apepi 1585-1552 BC (Hyk.)
* **Archles** - Khamudy 1552-1540 BC (Hyk.)
* **Amosis** - Ahmose I 1550-1526 BC
* **Amenophthis** - Amenhotep I 1526-1505 BC
* **Mephres** - Thutmose I 1505-1493 BC
* **Chebron** - Thutmose II Akheperenre 1493-1479 BC
* **Q. Amesses** - Q. Hatshepsut 1479-1458 BC
* **Mispharmuthosis** - Thutmose III 1458-1425 BC
* **Amenophis** - Amenhotep II 1425-1401 BC
* **Tuthmosis** - Thutmose IV 1401-1391 BC
* **Amenophath / Menophis** - Amenhotep III 1391-1353 BC

[The remaining 6 pharaohs of the 18th dynasty 1353-1292 BC from Akhenaten through Horemheb were overwritten with the names above of Orus through Aegyptus, from the 13th dynasty, yet they were inserted before Menophis. This has resulted in another gap here in those years, and much confusion to this day.]

* **Rhamesses** - Ramesses I 1292-1290 BC
* **Sethos / Zetus** - Seti I 1290-1279 BC
* **Rhampses** - Ramesses II 1279-1213 BC
* **Amenephthes** - Merneptah 1213-1203 BC
* **Amenemnes** - Amenmesse 1203-1200 BC
* **Ramesses** - Seti II 1203-1197 BC

[omitted: Siptah 1197-1191 BC. The preceding seven traditional names, with "Menophis" appearing between "Ramesses Aegyptus" and Zetus, are the only pharaohs appearing in the entire *Manethonian Supplement* -- where their reigns have been stretched to cover all the years beginning 1733 BC, minus a significant gap in the text 1545-1318 BC. This gap falls within the time it allots to Ranses (Rhampses), proving the pages comprising this gap were already missing from the annals, before they were recast to reflect the new paste of part of the 13th onto the 18th dynasty eliminating the names from Akhenaten to Horemheb. This paste and recast of the records leading to this classical list may well have occurred around this time, since no pharaohs after 1197 BC are named in the *Supplement*.]

* **Thuoris** - Q. Twosret 1191-1190 BC

[No traditional names preserved for the 20th dynasty, 1190-1077 BC]

* **Smendes** - Nesbanebdjed I 1077-1051 BC
* **Nephercheres** - Neferkare Amenemnisu 1051-1047 BC
* **Psusennes** - Pasebakhenniut I 1047-1001 BC
* **Amenophthis** - Amenemope 1001-992 BC
* **Osochor** - Osorkon the Elder 992-986 BC
* **Psinaches** - Siamun 986-967 BC
* **Psusennes** - Pasebakhenniut II 967-943 BC
* **Sesonchosis** - Shoshenk I 943-922 BC
* **Osorthon** - Osorkhon I 922-887 BC

[No traditional names were preserved for the kings from 887-840 BC]

* **Takelothis** - Takelot II 840-816 BC
* **Petubastis** - Padibastet I 830-807 BC (Lower Egypt only)
* **Osorcho** - Osorkhon III 816-769 BC

[Omitted: Takelot III 769-760 BC; Rudamun 760-756 BC; Ini 756-744 BC]

* **Psammus** - Piye (Piyankhi) 744-714 BC
* (**Tnephachthos**) - Tefnakht I 732-725 BC (not in Manetho; Lower Egypt only)
* **Bocchoris** - Bakenranef 725-720 BC (Lower Egypt only)
* **Sebichos** - Shebitku 714-705 BC
* **Sabacon** - Shabaka 705-690 BC
* **Stephinathes** - Tefnakht II 695-678 BC (Lower Egypt only)
* **Taracos** - Taharkha 690-664 BC (Upper Egypt only)
* **Nechepsos** - Nekauba 678-672 BC (Lower Egypt only)
* **Nechao** - Nekau I 672-664 BC (Lower Egypt only)
* **Ammeris** - Tantamani 664-656 BC (Upper Egypt only)
* **Psammetichus** - Psamtik I 664-610 BC
* **Nechao** - Nekau II 610-594 BC
* **Psammuthis** - Psamtik II 594-589 BC
* **Waphres** - Wahibre aka Apries 589-570 BC
* **Amosis** - Ahmose II 570-526 BC
* **Psammecherites** - Psamtik III 526-525 BC

[Kings of Persia 525-404 BC not included here]

* **Amyrteus** - Amenirdisu 404-398 BC
* **Nepherites** - Nefaarud I 399-392 BC
* **Achoris** - Hakor 392-391 BC, 390-380 BC
* **Psammuthis** - Pasherienmut 391-390 BC
* **Nepherites** - Nefaarud II 380 BC
* **Nectanebes** - Nakhtnebef 380-361 BC
* **Teos** - Djedhor 361-360 BC
* **Nectanebus** - Nakhthorheb 360-343 BC

[2nd Persian dynasty 343-334 BC]

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