Partridge

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For other uses, see Partridge (disambiguation), Perdix, and Heathcock (disambiguation).

 Alectoris
Ammoperdix
Arborophila
Bambusicola
Haematortyx
Lerwa
Margaroperdix
Melanoperdix
Perdix
Rhizothera
Rollulus
Tetraophasis
Xenoperdix

**Partridges** are medium-sized non-migratory birds, with a wide native distribution throughout the Old World, including Europe, Asia, and parts of Africa. They are sometimes grouped in the Perdicinae subfamily of the Phasianidae (pheasants, quail, etc.). However, molecular research suggests that partridges are not a distinct taxon within the family Phasianidae, but that some species are closer to the pheasants, while others are closer to the junglefowl.[1]

Birds of Persia luchas, called būqalamūn (بوقلمون turkey in Persian), and partridges

The so-called "Vučedol dove", one of the most well-known emblems of the prehistorical Vučedol culture, is now interpreted as representing a male partridge as a symbol of fertility

## Contents

* 1Description
* 2Range and habitat
* 3Hunting
* 4Cultural references
* 5Species list in taxonomic order
* 6See also
* 7References
* 8External links

## Description[edit]

These are medium-sized birds, intermediate between the larger pheasants and the smaller quail.

## Range and habitat[edit]

Partridges are native to Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle East. Some species are found nesting on steppes or agricultural land, while others species prefer more forested areas. They nest on the ground and have a diet consisting of seeds, grapes and insects.

## Hunting[edit]

Species such as the grey partridge and the red-legged partridge are popular as game birds, and are often reared in captivity and released for the purpose of hunting. For the same reason, they have been introduced into large areas of North America.

Red-legged partridge.

Chestnut-bellied partridge.

Scaly-Breasted Partridge.

Grey partridge.

## Cultural references[edit]

According to Greek legend, the first partridge appeared when Daedalus threw his nephew, Perdix, off the sacred hill of Athena in a fit of jealous rage. Supposedly mindful of his fall, the bird does not build its nest in the trees, nor take lofty flights and avoids high places.[2]

A famous reference to the partridge is in the Christmas carol, "The Twelve Days of Christmas".[3] The first gift listed is "a partridge in a pear tree", and these words end each verse. Since partridges are unlikely to be seen in pear-trees (they are ground-nesting birds) it has been suggested that the text "a pear tree" is a corruption of the French "*une perdrix*".[*citation needed*]

The partridge has also been used as a symbol that represents Kurdish nationalism. It is called *Kew*. Sherko Kurmanj discusses the paradox of symbols in Iraq as an attempt to make a distinction between the Kurds and the Arabs. He says that while Iraqis generally regards the palm tree, falcon, and sword as their national symbols, the Kurds consider the oak, partridge, and dagger as theirs.[4]

## Species list in taxonomic order[edit]

* Genus *Lerwa*
	+ Snow partridge, *Lerwa lerwa*
* Genus *Tetraophasis*
	+ Verreaux's monal-partridge, *Tetraophasis obscurus*
	+ Szechenyi's monal-partridge, *Tetraophasis szechenyii*
* Genus *Alectoris*
	+ Arabian partridge, *Alectoris melanocephala*
	+ Przevalski's partridge, *Alectoris magna*
	+ Rock partridge, *Alectoris graeca*
	+ Chukar, *Alectoris chukar*
	+ Philby's partridge, *Alectoris philbyi*
	+ Barbary partridge, *Alectoris barbara*
	+ Red-legged partridge, *Alectoris rufa*
* Genus *Ammoperdix*
	+ See-see partridge, *Ammoperdix griseogularis*
	+ Sand partridge, *Ammoperdix heyi*
* Genus *Perdix*
	+ Grey partridge, *Perdix perdix*
	+ Daurian partridge, *Perdix dauurica*
	+ Tibetan partridge, *Perdix hodgsoniae*
* Genus *Rhizothera*
	+ Long-billed partridge, *Rhizothera longirostris*
	+ Hose's partridge، *Rhizothera dulitensis*
* Genus *Margaroperdix*
	+ Madagascar partridge, *Margaroperdix madagascarensis*
* Genus *Melanoperdix*
	+ Black wood-partridge, *Melanoperdix nigra*
* Genus *Xenoperdix*
	+ Rubeho forest partridge, *Xenoperdix obscuratus*
	+ Udzungwa forest partridge, *Xenoperdix udzungwensis*
* Genus *Arborophila*, the hill partridges
	+ Hill partridge, *Arborophila torqueola*
	+ Sichuan partridge, *Arborophila rufipectus*
	+ Chestnut-breasted partridge, *Arborophila mandellii*
	+ White-necklaced partridge, *Arborophila gingica*
	+ Rufous-throated partridge, *Arborophila rufogularis*
	+ White-cheeked partridge, *Arborophila atrogularis*
	+ Taiwan partridge, *Arborophila crudigularis*
	+ Hainan partridge, *Arborophila ardens*
	+ Chestnut-bellied partridge, *Arborophila javanica*
	+ Grey-breasted partridge, *Arborophila orientalis*
	+ Bar-backed partridge, *Arborophila brunneopectus*
	+ Orange-necked partridge, *Arborophila davidi*
	+ Chestnut-headed partridge, *Arborophila cambodiana*
	+ Red-breasted partridge, *Arborophila hyperythra*
	+ Red-billed partridge, *Arborophila rubrirostris*
	+ Scaly-breasted partridge, *Arborophila chloropus*
	+ Chestnut-necklaced partridge, *Arborophila charltonii*
	+ Sumatran partridge, *Arborophila sumatrana*
	+ Vietnam partridge, *Arborophila merlini*
* Genus *Caloperdix*
	+ Ferruginous partridge, *Caloperdix oculea*
* Genus *Haematortyx*
	+ Crimson-headed partridge, *Haematortyx sanguiniceps*
* Genus *Rollulus*
	+ Crested partridge, *Rollulus roulroul*
* Genus *Bambusicola*
	+ Mountain bamboo partridge, *Bambusicola fytchii*
	+ Chinese bamboo partridge, *Bambusicola thoracica*