Agilisaurus

*Agilisaurus louderbacki*

***Agilisaurus*** (/ˌædʒɪlɪˈsɔːrəs/; 'agile lizard') is a genus of ornithischian dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic Period of what is now eastern Asia. It was about 3.5–4 ft (1.2-1.7 m) long, 2 ft (0.6 m) in height and 40 kg in weight.

It has leaf-shaped teeth that were well-adapted to their abrasive, plant-based diets. Most surprisingly, the wavy enamel of the teeth of *A. louderbacki* and all other ornithopods, presumably to make it more resistant to wear, was previously thought to be exclusive to the hadrosaurs. This is also the case for *Changchunsaurus parvus*.

## Description

Its tibia (lower leg bone) 207.0 mm in length, was longer than its femur (upper leg bone) 199.0 mm in length, which indicates that it was an extremely fast bipedal runner, using its long tail for balance, although it may have walked on all fours when browsing for food. It was a small herbivore, about 2 meters (6.5 feet) in length, and like all ornithischians, it had a beak-like structure on the ends of both upper and lower jaws to help it crop plant material.

Because it lacks tail-stiffening interwoven bony struts, some paleontologists think it may have been a burrow dweller.

## Discovery and naming

There is one named species (*A. louderbacki*), named after Dr. George Louderback, an American geologist and the first to recognize dinosaur fossils from the Sichuan Province of China in 1915. The holotype, which is the only known specimen, was discovered in 1984, during the construction of the Zigong Dinosaur Museum. Both genus and type species were named by Chinese paleontologist Peng Guangzhou in very brief fashion in 1990, then described in further detail by Peng in 1992.

A single complete skeleton of *A. louderbacki* is known to science, one of the most complete small ornithischian skeletons ever found. Only a few parts of its left fore limb and hind limb are missing, and those can be reconstructed from their counterparts on the right side.

This skeleton was actually discovered during the construction of the Zigong Dinosaur Museum, in which it is now housed. This museum features many dinosaurs recovered from the famous Dashanpu Quarry outside the city of Zigong, in the Chinese province of Sichuan, including *Agilisaurus*, as well as *Xuanhanosaurus*, *Shunosaurus*, and *Huayangosaurus*. This quarry preserves sediment from the Lower Shaximiao Formation (sometimes called "Xiashaximiao") which ranges from the Bathonian through Callovian stages of the Middle Jurassic Period, or from about 168 to 161 million years ago.

## Taxonomy

Despite its completeness, *Agilisaurus* has been placed in many different positions in the ornithischian family tree. It was originally placed in the family Fabrosauridae, which is no longer considered valid by most paleontologists.

Several recent studies, including cladistic analyses, find *Agilisaurus* to be the most basal member of the group Euornithopoda, which includes all ornithopods more derived than the family Heterodontosauridae.

However, heterodontosaurs are not universally considered to be ornithopods and have been considered more closely related to the suborder Marginocephalia, which includes ceratopsians and pachycephalosaurs. In one recent cladistic analysis, *Agilisaurus* was found in a position basal to heterodontosaurs in the branch leading to Marginocephalia.

*Agilisaurus* has been recovered in other positions as well, including as an ornithischian basal to both ornithopods and marginocephalians.

In his more thorough 1992 description, Peng added a new species to the genus *Agilisaurus*. This species had previously been known as *Yandusaurus multidens*. Because this species did not belong in the genus *Yandusaurus* and due to similarities with *A. louderbacki*, it was assigned the name *Agilisaurus multidens*.

Other scientists were not convinced that this species belonged to either *Yandusaurus* or *Agilisaurus*, and in 2005, it was once again reassigned, this time to its own newly created genus. It is now known as *Hexinlusaurus multidens*. Several studies agree that this species is slightly more derived than *Agilisaurus*.

## Paleobiology

Comparisons between the scleral rings of Agilisaurus and modern birds and reptiles suggest that it may have been diurnal, unlike larger herbivorous dinosaurs that were inferred to be cathemeral, active throughout the day at short intervals.

## JPInstitute.com Description

Agilisaurus was discovered when construction workers uncovered it while they were digging a basement for a Chinese dinosaur museum!

A small, agile plant-eater, Agilisaurus was very lightly built. Its long legs could carry it through the Jurassic forests of China very quickly, giving it the ability to escape from all kinds of predators.

The Agilisaurus type specimen was found while construction crews were digging the foundation of the Zigong Dinosaur Museum in the Sichuan Province of China. It was an almost complete skeleton, and as a result of this discovery, another early Chinese ornithopod was reclassified to this genus.

This is the most complete ornithopod ever found in China. These small herbivores eventually evolved into the iguanodonts and hadrosaurs of the Cretaceous.

## Links

https://web.archive.org/web/20031006061320fw\_/http://www.jpinstitute.com/dinopedia/dinocards/dc\_agili.html