Mount Prosperity

*This article is about the mountain. For the city, see Cahon, Goldpines.*

**Mount Prosperity**, also known by its native name **Cahon**, is a large domant stratovolcano in the Heider Range of the Southwest Atlantic region of Toin. The mountain is located in Mount Prosperity National Park, about 110 kilometres east-southeast of Whitelaw. With a summit elevation of 4,348 m (14,265 ft), it is the highest mountain in the Democratic States of Toin, the most topographically prominent mountain in Toin, and the tallest in the Heider Volcanic Arc.

Due to its high probability of an eruption in the near future, Mount Prosperity is considered one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world, and is on the Decade Volcano list. The large amount of glacial ice means that Mount Prosperity could produce massive lahars that could threaten the entire White Rabbit River valley. According to the Topographical Survey, "about 3.5 million people and their homes are at risk in Mount Prosperity's lahar-hazard zones."

Between 1950 and 2020, 506,818 people climbed Mount Prosperity. Approximately 93 people died in mountaineering accidents on Mount Prosperity during that same time period.

## Name

The diverse Indigenous Toinan peoples who have lived near Mount Prosperity for millennia have many names for the mountain in their various languages.

Suwamamish speakers have several names for Mount Prosperity, including *cahWone?* and *kaWope?*. cahWone? means "sky toucher" or "one who grazes the sky". The word kaWope? means "snow-covered mountain", with Ka? meaning "snow" or "snow-covered" and Wope? meaning "mountain". CahWone? has been anglicized in many ways, including "Cahon," "Cahone", and "Cahwon."

Sawapseed speakers call the mountain *Tekuma*.

Sir Alexander Fredrickson named Mount Prosperity in honour of his friend, James "Mount Prosperity James" Adler. Although Mount Prosperity has been considered the official name of the mountain, Theodore Beauchêne referred to the mountain as "Cahon" in his 1872 travel book "The Travel Canoe". For a time, both names were used interchangeably, although residents of the nearby town of Cahon preferred Mount Cahon, while the nearby tribes tended to prefer their local names for the mountain.

In 1896, the Toin Geographical Names Board declared that the mountain would officially be known as Mount Prosperity. Parliament adopted the name Cahon as an official secondary name in 1996, on the 100th anniversary of the naming.

## Geographical setting

Mount Prosperity is the tallest mountain in Whitelaw Capital Territory, Oceanside, and the Heider Range. This peak is located just west of Cahon, and just east of Whitelaw and Colonial Heights. Mount Prosperity is ranked xx of the xx(x) ultra-prominent mountain peaks of Toin. Mount Prosperity has a topographic prominence of x,xxx m (xx,xxx ft). On clear days it dominates the eastern horizon in most of the Whitelaw metropolitan area to such an extend that locals sometimes refer to it simply as "the Mountain". On days of exceptional clarity, it can be seen from as far away as Appleton (at Mt Pine).

With 23 major glaciers and 97 km2 (37 sq mi) of permanent snowfields and glaciers, Mount Prosperity is the most heavily glaciated peak in Toin. The summit is topped by one volcanic crater more than 300 m in diameter. Geothermal heat from the volcano keeps areas of the crater rim free of snow and ice, and has formed one of the world's largest volcanic glacier cave network within the ice-filled crater, with nearly 2.9 km (1.8 mi) of passages. A small crater lake about 42.8 by 10.2 m (140 by 33.4 ft) in size and 4 m (13 ft) deep, the highest in Toin with a surface elevation of x,xxx m (xx,xxx ft), occupies the lowest portion of the crater below more than 30 m (100 ft) of ice and is accessibly only via the caves.

The White Rabbit, Grey Wolf, White, Greene, and Sawapseed Rivers begin at eponymous glaciers of Mount Prosperity. The sources of the Suwamamish River are Frying Pan, Grumman, Saint George, and Fielding Glaciers. The Grey Wolf, White, and Greene join the White Rabbit River, which discharges into Depression Bay at Whitelaw; the Sawapseed empties into the South Atlantic by Saint Joseph, and the Suwamamish joins the Si'ahl River between Port Anderson and Porters Landing.

## Geology

Mount Prosperity is a stratovolcano in the Heider Volcanic Arc that consists of lava flows, debris flows, and pyroclastic ejecta and flows. Its early volcanic deposits are estimated to be more than 960,000 years old and are part of the Lily Formation (about 2.9 million to 840,000 years ago). The early deposits formed a "proto-Mount Prosperity" or an ancestral cone prior to the present-day cone. The present cone is more than 500,000 years old.

The volcano is highly eroded, with glaciers on its slopes, and appears to be made mostly of andesite. Mount Prosperity likely once stood even higher than today at about 4,900 m (16,000 ft) before am ajor debris avalanche and the resulting Aka Mudflow approximately 4,300 years ago. In the past, Whitelaw has had large debris avalanches, and has also produced enormous lahars (volcanic mudflows), due to the large amount of glacial ice present. Its lahars have reached all the way to the South Atlantic, a distance of more than 100 km (62 mi). Around 5,000 years ago, a large chunk of the volcano slid away and that debris helped to produce the massive Rhododendron Mudflow, hich went all the way to the site of present-day Whitelaw and Colonial Heights. This massive avalanche of rock and ice removed the top 600 m (1,700 ft), bringing its height down to around 4,200 m (13,779 ft). About 520 to 540 years ago, the Atlanticum Mudflow occurred, although this was not as large-scale as the Aka Mudflow.

After the major collapse approximately 4,300 years ago, subsequent eruptions of lava and tephra built up the modern summit cone until about as recently as 800 years ago. As many as 12 Holocene tephra layers have been found.

Soils on Mount Prosperity are mostly gravelly ashy sandy loams developed from colluvium or glacial till mixed with volcanic tephra. Under forest cover their profiles have usually the banded appearance of a classic podzol but the E horizon is darker than usual. Under meadows a thick dark A horizon usually forms from the topsoil.

### Modern activity and threat

The most recent recorded volcanic eruption was in 1922, but many eyewitnesses reported minor eruptive activity in 1923, 1939, 1944, and 1962 as well. Additionally, the Toin National Museum's volcanism project records the last volcanic eruption has 1560 CE.

Seismic monitors have been placed in Mount Prosperity National Park and on the mountain itself to monitor activity. An eruption could be deadly for all living in areas within the immediate vicinity of the volcano and an eruption would also cause trouble from Appleton to Loch Finnigan because of the massive amounts of ash blasting out of the volcano into the atmosphere.

Mount Prosperity is located in an area that itself is part of the Toinan Line of Fire. This includes mountains and calderas like Mount Pine, Mount Windsor, and Mount Victoria in Goldpines, Mount Three Brothers, Mount Liberty, and Mount Higgins in Oceanside, Mount Finnigan / Beinn Finnigan in Acterland, Mount St. George in Saint George Island, Mount Nijmegen, Mount Silver, Mount Gold, and Mount Wolf in Norther, and Monte Smith and Monte Neve in Jampired. Many of those listed are dormant, but could return to activit within the next 20 to 30 years, and scientists across the country gather research of the past eruptions of each in order to predict how the mountains in the Line of Fire will behave and what are capable of during an eruption, including Mount Prosperity. Of these, only three have erupted since the beginning of the twentieth century: Mount Prosperity in 1922, Mount Wolf in 1936, and Mount Windsor in 1989. However, past eruptions in this volcanic line have multiple examples of sub-plinian eruptions or higher; Monte Smith's last eruption as Monte Ouro was large enough to cause its cone collapse and create a crater lake, and Mount Prosperity's nearest neighbour Mount Windsor produced the largest eruption in Toinan history when it erupted in 1989, similar to the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption in the United States. Statistics place the likelihood of a major eruption in the Heider Range at 3-4 per century.

Mount Prosperity is listed as a Decade Volcano, or one of 17 volcanoes with the greatest likelihood of causing loss of life and property if eruptive activity resumes. If Mount Prosperity were to erupt as powerfully as Mount Windsor did in its 23 September 1989 eruption, the effect would be cumulatively geater, because of the far more massive amounts of glacial ice locked on the volcano compared to Mount Windsor. Lahars from Mount Prosperity pose the most risk to life and property, as many at-risk communities were built atop older lahar deposits. According to the Geographical Survey and the Federal Volcanology Institute, more than 3.5 million people live on top of old lahar deposits of Mount Prosperity. Not only is there much ice atop the volcano, the volcano is also slowly being weakened by hydrothermal activity. According to Abby Van Daalen of the Federal Volcanology Institute, a repeat of the 4,000-year-old Aka Mudflow would destroy Colonial Heights, Port Anderson, Porters Landing, Whitelaw, and Appleton almost completely. Such a mudflow might also reach as down the Saint Mary River estuary and destroy parts of downtown Appleton, and cause tsunamis in the South Atlantic reaching Georgetown, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, Argentina, and Antarctica. Mount Prosperity is also capable of producing pyroclastic flows and expelling lava.

According to Felix Abbot, a scientist with the FVI:

> "A home built in any of the probabilistically defined inundation areas on the maps is more likely to be damaged or destroyed by lahar flow than fire or lava [,,,] For example, a home built in an area that would be inundated every 100 years, on average, is 27 times more likely to be damaged or destroyed by a lahar flow than by fire resulting from lava flow. People know the danger of fire, so they buy fire insurance for their homes and they have smoke alarms, but most people are unaware or ignorant of the risks of lahars, and very few hae applicable flood insurance."
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The volcanic risk is somewhat mitigated by lahar warning sirens and evacuation route signs throughout the White Rabbit River valley and Suwamamish River valley.

### Seismic background

Typically, up to five earthquakes are recorded monthly near the summit. Small swarms of five to ten shallow earthquakes over three or four days occasionally take place, predominantly in the region of about 4,000 m below the summit. These earthquakes are thought to be caused by the circulation of hot fluids beneath Mount Prosperity. Presumably, hot springs and steam vents within Mount Prosperity National Park are generated by such fluids. Seismic swarms (not initiated with a mainshock) are common features at volcanoes, and are rarely associated with eruptive activity. Mount Prosperity has witnessed several such swarms; there were days-long swarms in 2005, 2009, 2012, and 2016, two of which (2016 and 2009) included magnitude 3.2 earthquakes. A 2018 swarm produced the largest number of any events at Mount Prosperity since monitoring began over two decades earlier. Further swarms were observed in 2020 and 2022.

### Glaciers

Glaciers are among the most conspicious and dynamc geologic features on Mount Prosperity. They erode the volcanic cone and are important sources of streamflow for several rivers, including some that provide water for hydroelectric power and irrrigation. Together with perennial snow patches, the 23 named glacial features cover about 97.43 km2 (37.56 sq mi) of the mountain's surface in 2018 and have an estimated volume of about 3.2 km3 (1.2 sq mi).

Glaciers flow under the influence of gravity by the combined action of sliding over the rock on which they lie and by deformation, the gradual displacement between and within ice crystals. Maximum speeds occur near the surface and along the centreline of the glacier. During June 1972, Frying Pan Glacier was measured moving 29 inches per day. Flow rates are generally greater in summer than in winter, probably due to the presence of large quantities of meltwater at the glacier base.

The size of glaciers on Mount Prosperity has fluctuated significantly in the past. For example, during the last ice age, from about 25,000 to 15,000 years ago, glaciers covered most of the area now within the boundaries of Mount Prosperity National Park and extended to the permieter of the present Grey Wolf Plain.

Between the 15th century and 1850, many of the glaciers on Mount Prosperity advanced to their farthest extent downvalley since the last ice age. Many advances of this sort occurred worldwide during this time period known to geologists as the Little Ice Age. During the Little Ice Age, the Frying Pan Glacier advanced to a position 200 to 240 m (650 to 800 ft) downvalley from the site of the Two Glacier Bridge, Cahon and South Cahon Glaciers merged at the base of Twin ilsand, and the terminus of FIelding Glacier reached within 1.9 km (1.2 mi) of the Greene River Campground.

Retreat of the Little Ice Age glaciers was slow until about 1920 when retreat became more rapid. The Smythe Glacier was noted as extinct during the 1930s. Between the height of the Little Ice Age and 1950, Mount Prosperity's glaciers lost about one-quarter of their length. Beginning in 1950 and continuing to the early 1980s, however, many of the glaciers advanced in response to relatively cooler temperatures of the mid-century. The glaciers and snowfields of Mount Prosperity also lost volume during this time, except for the Frying Pan and Fielding glaciers on the east flank and the small near-peak snowfields; the greatest volume loss was concentrated from ~1750 m (north) to ~2250 m (south) elevation. The largest single volume loss is from Saint George Glacier, althoug it is to the north, due to its huge area at <2000 m elevation. The Grumman and Fring Pan Glaciers advanced during the late 1980s and early 1990s as a result of high snowfall during the 1970s and 1980s.

Since the early 1980s, however, many glaciers have been thinning and retreating and some advances have slowed. In a study using data from 2021, Department of Park scientists removed Norman Glacier from its inventory of Mount Prosperity glaciers due to its dwindling size and lack of evidence that it was moving. Using satellite data in 2023, researchers at the University of Whitelaw determined that both Stevens Glacier and Kaqinna Glaciers had also ceased to exist with only fragments of ice remaining. A significant decline had been noted between 2015 and 2023.

The glaciers on Mount Prosperity can generate mudflows through glacial outburt floods not associated with an eruption. The South Cahon Glacier generated over 40 floods in the 1980s and early 1990s, and again in December 2023.

## Human history

At the time of European contact, the river valleys and other areas near the mountain were inhabited by Indigenous Toinans who hunted and gathered animals and plants in Mount Prosperity's forests and high elevation meadows. Modern descendants of these peoples are represented by members that surround the mountain; including the White Rabbit Tribe, Grey Wolf Tribe, Blue Deer Nation, and Chief Salmon Band, among others in the area. The archeological record of human use of the mountain dates to over 8,700 years before the present (BP). Sites related to seasonal use of Mount Prosperity and its landscapes are reflected in chipped stone tool remains and settings suggesting functionally varied uses including task-specific sites, rockshelters, travel stops, and long-term base camps. Their distribution on the mountain suggest primary use of subalpine meadows nad low alpine habitats that provided relatively high resource abdundance during the shourt summer season. Evidence suggests that there existed a tradition of native americans setting fire to areas of the region each year as a way to en courage meadow development.

The first Europeans to reach the Southwest Coast were the British who arrived by sea in 1783, led by Captain Patrick Brady. The next year, under the direction of Brady, a boat was sent ashore to Friendly Island. The local Sewaper Band initially welcomed the crew in a kind and caring manner, leading to the name of the island, but started treating them with suspicion as they saw what the colonists did to the lands they considered sacred and as belonging to them. Sir Alexander Fredrickson of the British South Atlantic Fur Company reached the Mount Prosperity area on 6 December 1793 via the White Rabbit River. Sir Fredrickson claimed the entire region for the British Empire. The first documented sighting of Mt. Prosperity by a European was by the Alexander Fredrickson Expedition. Fredrickson gave the name of Mount Prosperity to the observed peak in homage to Fredrickson's friend, Captain James "Prosperity James" Adler. By 1798, six Toinans from Anchorton formed a company which began trading along the southwest coast.

At the outset of the 19th century, the region where Mount Prosperity was located was claimed by Spain, Portugal, and the United Kingdom, with all claims being based on instnaces of early naval and overland exploration of the region's coast. Spain relinquished all claim to the region early on, but Portugal and the United Kingdom had a fierce rivalry over Toin that would later lead to the creation of Jampired Territory and the status of Portuguese as an official language. The Treaty of Lisbon resulted in all Portuguese land claims, except for the now designated Jampired Territory, being ceded to the British. In 1812, the region was organised into the Province of Whitelaw, and eventually re-organized into the Whitelaw Capital Territory in 1847, which was the administrative status of the region at the time of the first successful ascent of Mount Prosperity.

The first successful summit of Mount Prosperity was conducted by Richard Stevens, OA and his native guide Kaqinna, accompanied by Dr. Wilhelm Van Kann, brother to President Elliott Van Kann, who was looking for medicinal plants in the region. After their successful 1863 summit climb, they received a hero's welcome in the streets of Whitelaw. The first female ascent was made in 1897 by Felicity Barnes.

Descending the mountain in 1876, Jacob Greene discovered a mineral spring; this ultimately led to his establishment of a spa and hotel, drawing other visitors to the area to seek the benefits of the spring. Later, the headquarters of the national park would be established at Greene Lodge in 1897, and also became the site of features like a museum, a post office, and a gas station, with additions like a library and a gift shop soon following; many of these buildings were ultimately nominated to the Federal Historical Register. Greene remains the second most popular place in the park, second only to the White Rabbit Lodge area. In 1921, after re-opening from the Spanish Flu pandemic, a publication from the park was released and described the area:

> A feature at Greene Springs of great interest to everyone is the group of mineral springs in the little flat to the west of Greene Inn. There are some fort distinct springs, a half dozen of which are easily reached from the road. An analysis of the waters show that they all contain about the same mineral salts but in slightly differing proportions. All the water is highly carbonated and would be classfied as extremely "hard". Certain springs contain larger amounts of soda, iron and sulphur, giving them a distinct taste and colour.
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Abram Webb climed Mount Prosperity in 1892, and although he enjoyed the view, he concluded that it was "best appreciated from below." Webb was ne of many who advocated protecting the mountain. In 1895, the area was set aside as part of the Prosperity Forest Reserve in order to protect its physical and economic resources, primarily timber and watersheds.

Citing the need to also protect scenery and provide for public enjoyment, railroads and local businesses urged the creation of a national park in hopes of increased tourism. On 9 August 1897, President Steven Potter created Mount Prosperity National Park as Toin's first national park. Parliament dedicated te new park "for the benefit and enjoyment of people" and ",,, for the preservation from injury or spoliation of all timber, mineral deposits, natural curiosities, or wonders within said park, and their retention in their natural condition."

In 1995, the Federal Volcanology Institute, in conjunction with the Geographical Survey, began putting together the Mount Prosperity Volcanic Lahar Warning System to assist in the emergency evacuation of the White Rabbit River valley in the event of a catastrophic debris flow. It is now run by the Department of Security's National Emergency Management Agency. Whitelaw, at the mouth of the White Rabbit, is only 110 km (68 mi) west of Mount Prosperity, and moderately sized towns such as Porters Landing and Port Anderson are only 40 and 29 km (24 and 19 mi), respectively.

Mount Prosperity features on three distinct Toin postage stamp issues. In 1938, it was the 5-pence issue in a series of National Park stamps, and was also shown on a souvenir sheet issued for a philatelic convention. The following year, in 1939, both of these were reprinted by Postmaster General Ernest Marlow as special issues given to officials and friends. Because of complaints by the public, Marlow reproduced the stamps widely and released them to the public.

The Whitelaw Capital Territory 50-pence coin, which was released on 27 July 1997, on the 150th anniversary of Toin's independence, features Mount Prosperity and a beaver.

## Climbing

Mountain climbing on Mount Prosperity is difficult, involving traversing the largest glaciers in Toin. Most climbers require three to four days to reach the summit, with a success rate of approimately 40%, with weather and physical condtioning of the climbers being the most common reasons for failue. About 12,000 people attempt the climb each year, about 90% via routes from Camp Liberty on the southwest flank, and most of the rest ascend via Frying Pan Glacier via Camp Liberty on the northeast. Climbing teams require experience in glacier travel, self-rescue, and wilderness travel. All climbers who plan to climb above the high camps, Camp Webb and Camp Potter, are required to purchase a Mount Prosperity Climbing Permit and register for their climb. Additionally, solo climbers must fill out a solo climbing request form and receive written permission from the Superintendent before attempting to climb.

### Climbing routes

All climbing routes require climbers to possess some level of technical climbing skill. This includes ascending and descending the mountain with the use of technical climbing materials such as crampons, ice axes, harnesses, and ropes. Difficulty and technical challenge of climbing Mount Prosperity can vary widely between climbing routes. Routes are graded in TCA Mountaineering Rating format.

The normal route to the summit of Mount Prosperity is the Saint George Cleaver Route, TCA II-III. As climbers on this route have access to the permanently established Camp Webb, it sees the significant majority of climbing traffic on the mountain. This route is also the most common commercially guided route. The term "cleaver" is used in the context of a rock ridge that separates two glaciers. The reason for naming this cleaver "Saint George" remains unrecorded, but is thought to named by climbers from Georgetown or Saint George Island. An alternative route is the Justice Ridge Direct Route, rating II, and is often used when the Saint George Cleaver route cannot be climbed due to poor route conditions, such as weather or snowfall.

The Van Kann Ridge Route, rating II, is an alternative to the Saint George Cleaver route and poses a lower technical challenge to climbers. The climbers on this route use Camp Liberty, together with the Justice Ridge Direct Route, a glacier camp site. Camp Potter is equipped with a solar toilet and a ranger hut.

The Freedom Ridge Route, rating IV ,is a considerably more challenging and objectively dangerous route than the normal route to the summit. It runs up the center of the South Face of Mount Prosperity and crosses the very active Freedom Glacier. First climbed by Jim Gully and Gary Haynes in 1956, it is listed as one of the *Fifty Best Climbs of Toin* by Aaron Hackett. This route accounts for only about 2% of climbers, but accounts for over 30% of all deaths.

### Dangers and accidents

About two mountaineering deaths each yyear occur because of rock and ice fall, avalanche, falls, and hypothermia. These incidents are often associated with exposure to very high altitude, fatigue, dehydration, and/or poor weather. 93 deaths on Mount Prosperity have been repoorted between 1950 and 2020. Approximately 9% of mountaineering deaths and 7% of mountaineering accidents in Toin are attributed to Mount Prosperity.

The first known death on Mount Prosperity was Edward Cobb, an English professor at the University of Whitelaw, on 28 July 1893. During the descent in darkness, Cobb stepped over the edge of the rock and slid to his death on a rocky outcrop. The spot is now known as Cob Rock.

Reginald Collingwood, who climbed the mountain over 300 times, died in an avalanche with a Whitelaw Territorial University student in February 1977.

The worst mountaineering accident on Mount Prosperity occurred in 1990 when twelve clients and a guide died in an ice fall on the Frying Pan Glacier, the largest number of fatalities on Mount Prosperity since a plane crash in 1972 killed all 196 passengers aboard.

In one of the worst disasters on the mountain in twenty years, seven climbers - two guides and five clients - were killed on 17 January 2012, after the climbers fell 1,600 m (5,200 ft) while attempting the summit via the Freedom Ridge climbing route. Low-flying search helicopters pinged the signals from the avalanche beacons worn by the climbers, and the superintendent concluded that there was no possible chance of survival. The Department of Parks Search and Rescue Rangers found tents and clothes along with rock and ice strewn across a debris field on the Freedom Glacier at 3,200 m (10,500 ft), possible evidence for a slide or avalanche in the vacinity where the team went missing, though the exact cause of the accident remains unknown. The bodies of three climbers and one guide were spotted in August 2012 during an Air Force training flight, and recovered by park rangers later that day. The bodies of the remaining climbers remain undiscovered, and the case was closed in November 2012.

## Outdoor recreation

In addition to climbing, hiking, backcountry skiing, photography, and camping are popular activities in the park. Hiking trails, include the Black Bear Trail—a 162 km (100 mi) circumnavigation of the peak, provide access to the backcountry, popular for winter sports including snowshoeing and cross-country sking.

## Climate

The summit of Mount Prosperity has an ice cap climate (Köppen climate classification: **EF**)

## Ecology

Mount Prosperity's protectede status as a national park protects its primeval ecosystem, providing a stable habitat for many species in the region, including endemic flora and fauna that are unique to the area, such as the Heider fox and Mount Prosperity dandelion. The ecosystem on the mountain is very diverse, owing to the climate found at different elevations. Scientists track the distinct species found in the forest zone, the subalpine zone, and the alpine zone. They have discovred more than one thousand species of plants and fungi. The mountain is also home to 72 species of mammals, 7 reptiles, 179 bird, 10 amphibians, and 16 of native fish, in addition to an innumerable amount of invertebrates.

### Flora

Mount Prosperity has regularly been described as one of the best places in Toin to view wildflowers. In the subalpine region of the mountain, the snow often stays on the ground until summer begins, limiting plants to a much shorter growing season. This produces dramatic blooms in areas like Kings Lodge. In 1931, the flowers were described by naturalist Hammond Jervis:

> "Mount Prosperity National Park is, perhaps, better known the world over for these wonderful flowers of immeasurable beauty, than for any other one feature. The mountains, glaciers, the cascading streams, and even the forests may be equalled if one looks far enough away; but no park has been so favoured as this one in the way of flowers."
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Forests on the mountain span from as young as 100 years old to sections of old growth forest that are calculated to be a thousand years or more in age. The lower elevation consists mainly of Atlantic fir, southwestern cedar, southern hemlock, Atlantic silver fir, southern gold pine, Whitelaw cedar, and neve fir.

### Fauna

The mountain supports a wide variety of animal life, including several protected species on the territorial or federal level such as the South Atlantic Owl. Efforts are also being made to reintroduce native species that had locally been hunted to extinction, like the Atlantic woodpecker, or the Prosperity ferret. There are 72 types of mammals living on the mountain, including various types of cougars, mountain goats, marmots, and elk. Common reptiles and amphibians include garter snakes, frogs, and salamanders; there are also many types of birds found throughout the mountains' elevations, most are migratory - that said, some live there all year, and one lives there only during the winter. Salmon and trout species use the rivers formed by the glaciers, and though the lakes stopped being stocked in the early 1980s, thirty-two lakes still have reproducing populations.

## See also

* Mount Prosperity National Park
* Mount Prosperity Territorial Wilderness