recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Freddie Young

Freeddie Young

**Frederick A. Young** OBE, BSC (9 October 1902 – 1 December 1998) was a British cinematographer. He is probably best known for his work on David Lean's films Lawrence of Arabia (1962), Doctor Zhivago (1965) and Ryan's Daughter (1970), all three of which won him Academy Awards for Best Cinematography. He was often credited as F. A. Young .

He was also director of photography on more than 130 films, including many other notable productions, such as Goodbye, Mr Chips (1939), 49th Parallel (1941), Lust for Life (1956), The Inn of the Sixth Happiness (1958), Lord Jim (1965), Battle of Britain (1969), Nicholas and Alexandra (1971), and the James Bond film You Only Live Twice (1967). He was also the first British cinematographer to film in CinemaScope.

Young co-wrote The Work of the Motion Picture Cameraman, with Paul Petzold, published in 1972 (Focal Press, London).

In 2003, a survey conducted by the International Cinematographers Guild placed Young among the ten most influential cinematographers in history.

He was awarded The Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship (HonFRPS) in recognition of a sustained, significant contribution to the art of photography in 1996/97.

In 1984, Young directed his only film as at the age of 82, Arthur's Hallowed Ground, starring Jimmy Jewel, which was made for television.

## Sources

1. ↑ History Project
2. ↑ Cinematographers pick their Top 11 (Los Angeles Times - 17 October 2003)
3. ↑ Wikipedia entry
C.4K-130

Terry Fletcher's 2012 photo of C.4K-130

## History

Constructed as a HA-1112-M1L by Hispano at Spain, and taken on Strength/Charge with the Ejercito de Aire. Following service with the EdA, this aircraft was registered to Spitfire productions as **G-AWHN**, before becoming one of the aircraft acquired by Wilson 'Connie' Edwards, Edwards Lucian Wells Ranch Airport, Big Spring, TX.

Sold to Tillamook/Erickson in 1989, before moving on 11 December 1992 to Erickson Group Ltd, Beaverton, OR as **N90602**. Based at Tillamook Air Museum, Tillamook Airport (OTK), Sierra Vista, OR, it was photographed on 24 June 2012 by Terry Fletcher. On 21 April 2016, it moved to Avenger Llc, Beaverton, OR. A certificate of airworthiness was issued on 30 March 2017.

Passed to Erickson Aircraft Collection, Madras, Oregon, as **N700E**, it has been restored to fly with a lowered Allison V-1710 and fitted with genuine Bf 109 G-10 cowling and reconfigured tail unit.

## Notes

1. ↑ Messerschmitt Bf 109 aircraft, which were licence built by Spanish Hispano Aviaçion in the 40’ and 50’s, using Rolls-Royce Merlin engines.

## Sources

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Aerial Visuals entry
2. ↑ Sons of Damian
3. ↑ Wikipedia
4. ↑ Aeroplane - November 2020. Page 68
Ox

**Ox** is a polish fighter pilot serving with the Royal Air Force.

After bailing out of his Hurricane following one combat, Ox was briefly detained by a group of farmers who, because of his heavy accent, mistakenly believed him to be German.

At the end of the film, he is seen with his squadron, waiting for the call to scramble.
Trafford Leigh-Mallory

**Trafford Leigh-Mallory** is the commander of 12 Group, tasked with protecting 11 Group's airfields while 11 Group meets the enemy, but in raid after raid 12 Group aircraft are nowhere to be seen. Called to meet Dowding, Leigh-Mallory explains that the "Big Wing" tactic takes time for form up. When he states his belief that it is better to destroy 50 enemy aircraft after they hit the target, rather than 10 before, Park point's out the targets are the airfields of 11 Group, amd complains that the tactic simply is not working because, as he tells Leigh Mallory "You aren't getting 50 - you aren't even getting 10!" Dowding ends the debate noting a critical shortage of pilots, wearily remarking, "We're fighting for survival, and losing."
Hein Riess

Discogs entry image

**Hein Riess**, (11 September 1913 – 7 September 1993) was a German actor and folk singer.

Riess was born in Hamburg-Eilbek. He was previously a sailor who began work as a cabin boy on ships and then became a professional singer, mainly of sea shanties. An LP of his recordings was released and a single on Polydor Records entitled "The Story of the Pale Mary".

As an actor, he made appearances on several German television productions and in German films including the 1963 Werner Jacobs directed drama *Homesick for St. Pauli* (German: Heimweh nach St. Pauli), but he is best known internationally for his performance as Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring in the film *Battle of Britain* (1969). According to a booklet publicising the movie, he had allegedly once met Göring himself during the war. Former fighter ace Adolf Galland, who worked as a technical consultant on the film, had known Göring and was impressed with his performance and said his voice was exactly like Göring's.

Riess died of heart failure a few days before his 80th birthday.

1. ↑ https://www.discogs.com/artist/3597440-Hein-Riess
2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hein\_Riess
André Maranne

**André Maranne** (born 1926) is a French actor best known for playing roles in English-language films starting in the mid-1950s.

## Career

Born André Gaston Maillol in Toulouse, France, Maranne's best known role was probably Sergeant François Chevalier in six of *The Pink Panther* films alongside Peter Sellers and Herbert Lom. Before the Pink Panther, he appeared as a French officer in *The War Lover* (1962) and had a cameo role in the James Bond movie *Thunderball* (1965).

He appeared in such diverse television programmes as Merton Park Studios' *Scotland Yard* (as a gendarme in 1956 episode "Wall of Death" and credited as André Maillol & the 1957 episode "Night Crossing" as Detective Nouvel credited as Andre Maranne), *Jason King* ("Wanna buy a television series?", 1971), *Fawlty Towers* (as André in the 1975 "Gourmet Night" episode), *Lord Peter Wimsey* ("Clouds of Witness", 1972), *Yes Minister* (as European Agricultural Commissioner Maurice, proponent of the "euro-sausage", in "Party Games", 1984, the episode in which Jim Hacker becomes UK Prime Minister), *All Creatures Great and Small* and *Doctor Who* (*The Moonbase*, 1967).

Maranne was also a co-presenter of four in the French teaching programme, *Bonjour Françoise* on the BBC in the 1960s and acted in all eight episodes of *La Chasse au Trésor* (1967) as well as all 24 episodes of *Ensemble-French for Beginners* in the 1970s, also for the BBC. Maranne provided English audio translation of French-speaking interviewees in the 1988 ITV documentary *The Men Who Killed Kennedy*.

## Sources

1. ↑ McFarlane, Brian; Slide, Anthony (7 August 2018). *The Encyclopedia of British Film: Fourth Edition*. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780719091391. https://books.google.com/books?id=mqyuDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA495.
2. ↑ Andre Maranne – TV Guide.
3. ↑ André Maranne BFI entry.
4. ↑ André Maranne Aveleyman entry.
5. ↑ "BONJOUR FRANCOISE – BBC Two England – 23 April 1968 – BBC Genome". *The Radio Times* (2319): 25. 1968-04-18. https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/f1a62cdaac984735b1b1ab4ebfe25553.
6. ↑ La Chasse au Trésor – BroadcastForSchools.co.uk.
B2-166

G-AWHA as **6J+PR** at RAF Bovingdon.

## B2-166 in the film

Flown with fuslage codes **6J-BR**, **6J-PR**, **V1-CL** and **A5-BN**

## History

One of two examples purchased from the Spanish Air Force, B2-166 was registered to Spitfire Productions as **G-AWHA.**

Subsequently repainted in Spanish markings as B2-177, the aircraft is currently on display at the Deutsches Museum Flugwerft Schleißheim, Oberschleißheim

## Notes

1. ↑ Photographed by Bernard Martin on 26 October 1968.
2. ↑ By the end of filming when shown to the Press at Bovingdon, G-AWHA and G-AWHB were BOTH wearing 6J+PR.

## Sources

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 AB Pic
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 http://www.sonsofdamien.co.uk/BoBPG3.htm#Back%20to%20top
3. ↑ https://www.airport-data.com/aircraft/photo/000724269.html
C.4K-112

## History

Initially the only surviving original two seat Messerschmitt / Hispano left in the world, this aircraft was originally operated by Ala 7 and 471 Escuadron of the EdA, as a HA-1110-K1L, with French built Hispano-Suiza 12Z-17, prior to the fitting of a Merlin 500/45. Following it's retirement in 1965, it was among the aircraft acquired by Spitfire Productions, and flown in the Battle of Britain film in 1968. On several occasions it was flown by Luftwaffe Ace General Adolf Galland, who even had the opportunity to give Royal Air Force Ace Robert Stanford Tuck a ride in the aircraft.

Upon completion of the filming, C.4K-112 was disassembled and shipped to Texas, where it has been in storage for 45 years.

In July 2014 C.4K-112 was the sole two seater, out of a group of five Buchon aircraft, advertised for sale on the Platinum Fighters website, complete with a substantial spares package, for US $3 million. In late October 2014, it was reported that the group of aircraft had been bought by a European collector, who planned to restore, and eventually sell, some of the aircraft.

During October 2015 C.4K-112 was one of four Buchons resold by Platinum Fighters to an Australian owner, who arranged for them to be transported to the UK for restoration to airworthiness. C.4K-112 was reportedly intended to be part of a commercial ride programme, alongside a two seat Spitfire. following it's return to flight in November 2017. Following reinstatement of it's filming registration, and a post restoration flight performed on 24 November 2017 by Richard Grace, C.4K-112 carried it's first fare paying passenger in 2018, operating from Sywell under the Ultimate Warbird Banner.

## Notes

1. ↑ Messerschmitt Bf 109 aircraft, which were licence built by Spanish Hispano Aviaçion in the 40’ and 50’s, using Rolls-Royce Merlin engines.
2. ↑ Dual Control version
3. ↑ C.4K-169 was subsequently rebuilt to Bf-109G-12 two seat configuration, complete with DB605 engine, following a taxiing accident in 2013, and reflown in August 2016.
4. ↑ Registered as **G-AWHC** for the production, it is unclear whether C4K-112 actually appeared on screen - it's dual seat configuration may have restricted it's use to training and formation camera work. However, it is known to be one of the three Buchons that was selected, along with C.4K-105 and C.4K-169, to join nine Spitfires and the B-25 camera plane for filming in France, and may have operated at the back of formations filmed from the B-25 camera aircraft.
5. ↑ Despite not having been flown since 1968 at this point, C4K-112 was added to the US register as **N1109G**

## Sources

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Aeroplane - November 2020 Database - Page 68
2. ↑ Aeroplane - November 2020. Pages 50-60
3. ↑ Aeroplane - November 2020 - Page 37
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 http://www.platinumfighters.com/#!ha-1112-m4l/cmor
5. ↑ Aeroplane - Autumn 2014. Page 7
6. ↑ Aeroplane - Autumn 2014. Page 9
7. ↑ Fly Past Magazine - December 2014. Page 7.
8. ↑ Aeroplane - February 2016. Page 6
9. ↑ Aeroplane - February 2020. Page 54.
Albert Kesselring

*This entry concentrates on the character during the course of the film. For more details about the real person, please visit the wikipedia page.*

## ***Albert Kesselring***

* Peter Hager as Kesselring
* Kesselring in 1940

## Career

### Rank

Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal)

**Albert Kesselring** (30 November 1885 – 16 July 1960) was a German *Generalfeldmarschall* of the Luftwaffe during World War II who was subsequently convicted of war crimes. In a military career that spanned both world wars, Kesselring became one of Nazi Germany's most highly decorated commanders, being one of only 27 soldiers awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds.
Buckingham Palace

**Buckingham Palace** (UK: /ˈbʌkɪŋəm/) is a London royal residence and the administrative headquarters of the monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning.

Originally known as **Buckingham House**, the building at the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was acquired by King George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte and became known as The Queen's House. During the 19th century it was enlarged, principally by architects John Nash and Edward Blore, who constructed three wings around a central courtyard. Buckingham Palace became the London residence of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837.

The last major structural additions were made in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including the East Front, which contains the well-known balcony on which the British royal family traditionally congregates to greet crowds. A German bomb destroyed the palace chapel during the Second World War; the Queen's Gallery was built on the site and opened to the public in 1962 to exhibit works of art from the Royal Collection.

The original early-19th-century interior designs, many of which survive, include widespread use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis, on the advice of Sir Charles Long. King Edward VII oversaw a partial redecoration in a Belle Époque cream and gold colour scheme. Many smaller reception rooms are furnished in the Chinese regency style with furniture and fittings brought from the Royal Pavilion at Brighton and from Carlton House. The palace has 775 rooms, and the garden is the largest private garden in London. The state rooms, used for official and state entertaining, are open to the public each year for most of August and September and on some days in winter and spring.

The Palace is one of the landmarks shown in the film.
G-ALOK

## [Source]

Built by F Hills And Sons Ltd. this aircraft was photographed as early as 1953, wearing racing number 77 under the wingtips and on the rudder. By 26 April 1959, the racing number had been removed, and the tailfin was marked with a band of light and dark interlocking triangles.

## Notes

1. ↑ The location is described as Unknown, UK.

## Sources

1. ↑ https://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=6551
2. ↑ https://www.airport-data.com/aircraft/G-ALOK.html
3. ↑ https://abpic.co.uk/pictures/registration/G-ALOK
James Lacey

**James Harry Lacey**, DFM & Bar (1 February 1917 – 30 May 1989), was one of the top scoring Royal Air Force fighter pilots of the Second World War and was the second-highest scoring RAF fighter pilot of the Battle of Britain, behind Pilot Officer Eric Lock of No. 41 Squadron RAF. Lacey was credited with 28 enemy aircraft destroyed, five probables and nine damaged.

1. ↑ Wikipedia
BL614

BL614 on display

## History

Ordered on 24 October 1940 as one of a batch of 1000 Mk.VB aircraft (serials BL231-BM653) built by Vickers-Armstrongs at its Castle Bromwich plant against contract No.B981687/39; originally ordered as Mk.III aircraft and delivered between Nov 1941 and May 1942, including the serial block BL613-647.

First flown from Castle Bromwich in Decenber 1941, it was passed on 4 January 1942 to No.8 Maintenance Unit RAF Little Rissington, Gloucs, for fitting with operational equipment, before joining 611 (West Lancashire) Squadron at RAF Drem, near Edinburgh, and coded
FY, on 7 February. (The squadron was being rested following a very active period of fighter sweeps with No.11 Group, and was involved with convoy escort patrols.)

On 18 February, BL614 made it's first operational sortie; a patrol over
Queen May Isle, Firth of Forth, flown by Flight Sergeant W.L. Miller, 11.15–12.45 hours.

The aircraft was damaged in a dogfight during March 1942. Repaired June, 1942, it was transferred to 222 Squadron (Natal), and participated in Operation Jubilee. Transferred to 64 Squadron, based at Friston and Gravesend, in March 1943. Damaged while at Gravesend, it was transferred to 118 Squadron, based at Peterhead in September 1943. Transferred to 3501 Support Unit, November 1943.

Assigned to No 2 School Of Technical Training at RAF Cosford, and later assigned to various schools, it was displayed at RAF Credenhill, from March 1955 until 1967 as a gate guard, marked as AB871.

After being used in taxy scenes for movie "Battle Of Britain, 1968, the aircraft was stored at RAF Wattisham in 1969, passing to the RAF Museum, RAF Colerne, 1975. Displayed as BL617, and painted in 222 Squadron colors. Held at RAF Museum, RAF St. Athan., August 1975-1982, then at Manchester Air & Space Museum, Manchester, 1982-1985 and Museum Of Science & Industry, Manchester, 1985-1996. Displayed as BL614/ZD-F, it was restored for static display, March 1995-1997 by Medway Aircraft Preservation Society (MAPS), with 30,000 manhours spent in restoration.

Rolled out September 11, 1997, it was moved to RAF Museum, Hendon, October 1997, for display as BL614/ZD-F.

## Use of **BL614** in the film

Taxying with serials **N3313**, **N3315** and **N3327**, and fuselage codes **AI-B**, **AI-D** and **DO-M**.

## Sources

1. ↑ https://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/documents/collections/82-A-1716-Spitfire-VB-BL614.pdf
2. ↑ http://www.warbirdregistry.org/spitregistry/spitfire-bl614.html
MK356

MK356 in flight during 2006.

## History

Built at Castle Bromwich, and delivered to Digby in March 1944, MK356 was fitted with a Merlin 66 engine, optimised for operations at low level and below 25.000 feet. She was allocated to 443 ‘Hornet’ Squadron, Royal Canadian Air Force, which became part of 144 Canadian Wing, commanded by Wing Commander J. E. ‘Johnny’ Johnson and was based at various locations on the South Coast of England.

The aircraft flew its first operational mission from Westhampnett on 14 April 1944 as part of a ‘Rodeo’ fighter sweep over occupied France. In the weeks leading up to the Invasion of France, MK356 was involved in various fighter and fighter-bomber missions. On D-Day +1 (7 June 1944) during an invasion beach head cover patrol, her pilot, Flying Officer Gordon Ockenden, a Canadian from Alberta, attacked 4 Bf109s “on the deck”. He chased one of the Messerschmitts, opened fire and obtained strikes. His wingman, Flt Lt Hugh Russell finished it off, so they were both credited with a shared kill.

MK356 was damaged 3 times herself, including 2 belly landings and on 14 June lost a wheel on take-off; the pilot completing the mission prior to making a third belly landing. Normally the aircraft would have been repaired on site but the Squadron moved to a forward operating base in France the next day, leaving MK356 behind to be picked up and stored by a Maintenance Unit.

After the war MK356 was used as an instructional airframe, as a gate guardian at Hawkinge and Locking, and she also served as a static airframe in the film ‘The Battle of Britain’, before going on display in the museum at St Athan.

In January 1992 a complete refurbishment to flying condition was commenced and in November 1997 the aircraft flew for the first time in 53 years, subsequently moving to her present home with the BBMF. In 2008 the aircraft was painted as **UF-Q**, **MJ250** of No 601 (County of London) Squadron the aircraft of Flt Lt Desmond Ibbotson DFC.

It was later painted to represent Spitfire Mk IXc **ML214**, coded ‘**5J-K**’, the personal aircraft of Squadron Leader ‘Johnny’ Plagis, the Commanding Officer of No 126 Squadron from July 1944. Plagis named all of his personal Spitfires after his sister ‘Kay’ (Katrina) and ML214 bore her name on the port side above two scrolls displaying 16 swastikas - his kill markings. The aircraft is painted with black and white invasion stripes on the underside of the wings and rear fuselage. For some unknown reason, certain fighter units of the UK-based No 10 Group, Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB), painted non-standard, narrower stripes on their aircraft (nine inches wide instead of the standard eighteen) and this was how the 126 Squadron Spitfires were marked.

## Use of **MK356** in the film

Static airframe, marked as **N3328/AI-R** & **N3317/BO**.

## Sources

1. ↑ http://www.warbirdregistry.org/spitregistry/spitfire-mk356.html
2. ↑ http://www.touchdown-aviation.com/flying-legends/plane/battle-of-britain-memorial-flight/supermarine-spitfire-lf-mk-ixc-mk356.php
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 http://www.sonsofdamien.co.uk/MK356.htm
4. ↑ http://www.raf.mod.uk/bbmf/theaircraft/spitfiremk356.cfm
MJ627

Profile

## History

Yet another of the Spitfires built at Castle Bromwich against Contract No. B981687/39, MJ627 was an LFIX manufactured at the end of 1943 and delivered to No.9 MU at Cosford on 4th December. It seems to have been stored until August 1944 and on the 18th of that month appears to have been allocated to General Aircraft Ltd, a civilian servicing unit, followed by No.83 Group Support Unit the next day. It was awaiting collection on 1st September and five days later was again to be found with No.83 GSU. All of this was probably associated with preparation work required to get the aircraft up to operational condition, this being achieved on 28th September 1944, when it joined No.441 squadron. On 9th March 1945 it suffered a Cat.E (write-off) flying accident, but the damage was not that serious as it was reclassified as Cat.B on 11th September on allocation to Air Service Training Ltd. It was repaired and awaiting collection by 21st February 1946 and dispatched to the storage depot at No.29 MU High Ercall one week later, remaining there until July 1950, when it was declared non-effective stock and sold to Vickers Ltd.

Vickers converted the aircraft into a Tr.9 trainer and test flew it as **G-15-171** prior to sale to the Irish Air Corps as **IAC158**, to which it was delivered in June 1951. Following retirement in 1960 it was used as an instructional airframe at Baldonnel until acquired by Film Aviation Services Ltd, and shipped to Biggin Hill, where it arrived by road on 13th November 1963. It was offered for sale at £1500 in Flight International, but remained unsold and dismantled, being placed on the civil register the following February as G-ASOZ. It remained uncertificated and in September 1964 it was bought by Tim Davies, removed from the register and taken to Elstree, where it was placed in store as spares for G-ASJV (MH434). It was at the time of its collection from Biggin Hill that its wings were mistakenly exchanged with those from MJ772/IAC159.

The composite airframe remained at Elstree until 11th December 1967, when it was taken to Bossington House airstrip, Stockbridge, Hants. – the home of John Fairey – and placed in store once again, remaining there until sold to M S & P K Bayliss, who registered it as **G-BMSB** on 3rd May 1978 and restoration began to a flying condition at Kenilworth, Warwickshire. A Mosquito Merlin 76, No. 183741 is installed in the airframe.

It made its first post-restoration flight on November 8th 1993. Damaged in a wheels-up landing at Coventry Airport on 25th April 1998 and being restored by a team of volunteers from BBMF. Repaired and test flown on 14th February 2002 - now based at the Heritage Hangar, Biggin Hill and is available to fly in as a rear seat passenger.

## Sources

1. ↑ http://www.sonsofdamien.co.uk/MJ627.htm
Duxford

Aerial photo of the airfield

Locator Map

**Duxford Aerodrome** (ICAO: **EGSU**) is located 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) south of Cambridge, within the Parish of Duxford, Cambridgeshire, England and nearly 1-mile (1.6 km) west of the village.

The airfield is owned by the Imperial War Museum (IWM) and is the site of the Imperial War Museum Duxford and the American Air Museum.

Duxford Aerodrome has a Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) Ordinary Licence (Number P678) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction as authorised by the licensee (Cambridgeshire County Council). The aerodrome is not licensed for night use.

In 1968 Duxford was used as one of the locations for the shooting of the film Battle of Britain. On 21 June and 22 June, one of the original World War I hangars was blown up in stages for the filming (without the concurrence of the Ministry of Defence) and the airfield was spectacularly filmed from the air in a realistic bombing sequence. Ironically this was the nearest Duxford came to being destroyed as no significant wartime German raids were carried out on the aerodrome. The French château, seen at the beginning of the film, was constructed on the south-west corner of the airfield.

Duxford Airfield in the summer of 1968.The Hanger blast
T.G. 'Hamish' Mahaddie

Mahaddie during his time at Wing Commander rank

Group Captain **Thomas Gilbert "Hamish" Mahaddie**, DSO, DFC, AFC & Bar, FRAeS (19 March 1911 – 16 January 1997) was a Scotsman who served in the Royal Air Force (RAF). As a youth he was selected for an apprentice program and was trained as an RAF ground crew "metal rigger". He had earned his wings and reached the rank of sergeant pilot by the outbreak of the Second World War. In his second tour he was selected to be a member of the newly formed "Pathfinder Force" (No. 8 Group RAF). At the end of his second combat tour he was brought onto Air Vice Marshal Don Bennett's Headquarter Staff in the position of "Group Training Inspector". In this position he selected, recruited and trained aircrews to serve in the Pathfinder Force. Within the span of two years from the start of the war Mahaddie had risen in rank from sergeant to group captain. Following the war he continued to serve in the RAF until 1958. Out of the service he worked as an electronics consultant for the Armed Services, and as an aircraft consultant for the film industry. His most remarkable accomplishment in the film industry was the procurement of aircraft, crews and service personnel for the film *Battle of Britain* (1969).

As it was decided to make all of the non-airworthy Spitfires resemble a cross between a Mk. V and Mk. IX, individuals working on the film set refered to this mythical type as the “Mark Addie”, in honour of the Group Captain.

## Sources

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamish\_Mahaddie
2. ↑ http://www.sonsofdamien.co.uk/BoBPG1.htm
Hugh Dowding

Olivier as Dowding

Air Chief Marshal **Hugh Caswall Tremenheere Dowding, 1st Baron Dowding**, GCB, GCVO, CMG (24 April 1882 – 15 February 1970) was an officer in the Royal Air Force. He was Air Officer Commanding RAF Fighter Command during the Battle of Britain and is generally credited with playing a crucial role in Britain's defence, and hence, the defeat of Adolf Hitler's plan to invade Britain.

Born in Moffat, Scotland, Dowding was an officer in the British Army in the 1900s and early 1910s. He joined the Royal Flying Corps at the start of the First World War and went on to serve as a fighter pilot and then as commanding officer of No. 16 Squadron. During the inter-war years he became Air Officer Commanding Fighting Area, Air Defence of Great Britain and then joined the Air Council as Air Member for Supply and Research. In July 1936, Dowding was appointed chief of the newly created RAF Fighter Command.

During the Battle of Britain in the Second World War, Dowding's Fighter Command successfully defended the UK against the attacks of the *Luftwaffe*, thanks to his prudent management of RAF resources and detailed preparation of Britain's air defences (the Dowding system). He subsequently came into conflict with proponents of the Big Wing tactic, most notably Trafford Leigh-Mallory and Douglas Bader, which along with the inadaquecies of RAF's nighttime defence during the Blitz led to his eventual downfall. In November 1940, Dowding was replaced in command against his wishes by Sholto Douglas, another Big Wing advocate.

Dowding retired from the Royal Air Force in July 1942 and was made a peer in June 1943. Upon retirement, Dowding subsequently became an influential member of the British spiritualist, theosophical, and animal rights movements. He died on 15 February 1970, aged 87.
Robert Stanford Tuck

Stanford Tuck in the cockpit of his Hurricane c. 1940.

Wing Commander **Robert Roland Stanford Tuck**, DSO, DFC & Two Bars, AFC (1 July 1916 – 5 May 1987) was a British fighter pilot, flying ace and test pilot. Tuck joined the Royal Air Force (RAF) in 1935 and first engaged in combat during the Battle of France, over Dunkirk, claiming his first victories. In September 1940 he was promoted to squadron leader and commanded a Hawker Hurricane squadron. In 1941–1942, Tuck participated in fighter sweeps over northern France. On 28 January 1942, he was hit by anti-aircraft fire, was forced to land in France, and was taken prisoner. At the time of his capture, Tuck had claimed 29 enemy aircraft destroyed, two shared destroyed, six probably destroyed, six damaged and one shared damaged.

Following retirement from the RAF, Tuck continued flying as a test pilot, including working on the RAF's long-serving English Electric Canberra.

In 1953 he and his wife Joyce, whom he married in 1945, moved to The Lynch at Eastry with their two sons, Michael and Simon. He developed a mushroom farm in collaboration with Mr. Douglas Miller and successfully farmed mushrooms for over 20 years. Tuck found peace and contentment on his mushroom farm in Kent, choosing to shun the publicity enjoyed by some of his better known Battle of Britain comrades. He retired to Sandwich Bay in the 1970s where he was a member of St. George's Golf Club.

He was the subject of *This Is Your Life* in 1956 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at the BBC Television Theatre.

*Fly For Your Life* by Larry Forrester, is a biography of his life.

Robert Stanford Tuck died on 5 May 1987 at the age of 70.

## Robert Stanford Tuck's connection with the film

Tuck worked as a technical adviser to the film *Battle of Britain* (1969). He had already developed a close friendship with the German fighter pilot Adolf Galland who was also a technical advisor to the film. Testimony of this friendship is the fact that Tuck was the godfather of Galland's son Andreas Hubertus, born 7 November 1966. During filming, Galland and Tuck flew together in the two seat Hispano Aviaçion HA-1112‏‎ C.4K-112.
Duncan Lamont

IMDN entry image

**Duncan William Ferguson Lamont** (17 June 1918 – 19 December 1978) was a British actor. Born in Lisbon, Portugal, and brought up in Scotland, he had a long and successful career in film and television, appearing in a variety of high-profile productions.

## Career

He trained as an actor at RADA in London. He had a considerable amount of stage experience pre-WWII. He acted in repertory and at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon. He entered films in the early 1950s.

On film, he appeared in *The Adventures of Quentin Durward* (1955, as the villain De La Marck), *The 39 Steps* (1959, as Kennedy), *Ben-Hur* (1959, as Marius, an associate of Messala), *Mutiny on the Bounty* (1962, as John Williams), *Arabesque* (1966, as Kyle Webster) and *Battle of Britain* (1969, as Flight Sergeant Arthur). Lamont is particularly memorable in his role as the wry, urbane Viceroy in Jean Renoir's *The Golden Coach* (1952).

From 1958 to 1960, Lamont was a semi-regular as David MacMorris in the CBS western television series, *The Texan*, starring Rory Calhoun.

Lamont also appeared in guest roles in a range of popular British programmes from the 1950s to the 1970s, including *The Adventures of Robin Hood*, *Dixon of Dock Green*, *Danger Man*, *The Avengers*, *Secret Army, Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased)*, *The Persuaders!* and *Doctor Who*.

In 1953, he appeared in the major role of astronaut Victor Carroon in Nigel Kneale's ground-breaking BBC science-fiction serial *The Quatermass Experiment*, and fourteen years later returned to the series when he played the role of Sladden in the Hammer Films version of the third serial, *Quatermass and the Pit*.

He died in 1978 in Tunbridge Wells, Kent, of a heart attack at the age of 60. He was working at the time on "Hostage", an episode of the BBC science-fiction series *Blake's 7*. Although he had completed location work for the episode, he died before the studio scenes had been shot, necessitating a re-mount of the location material performed by his replacement John Abineri.

1. ↑ IMDB entry nm0483653
Aces High

Template:Music

**Aces High** is the first piece of music in Ron Goodwin's score for the film.

## Details

Originally titled "Luftwaffe March", Aces High was composed in the style of a traditional German military march in 6/8 time. The march places heavy emphasis on the "oom-pah" sound of tubas and lower-pitched horns on the first and second beats and has the glockenspiel double the horns in the melody. Because of the great length of the opening sequence, which shows a Luftwaffe general's inspection of a Heinkel squadron in occupied France, there are three separate bridges between choruses of the main theme, one of which recurs several times in a gently sentimental variation.

## Legacy

Despite its origin in a representation of a tyrannical threat to democracy, the march has become a popular British march tune, like the *Dambusters March*; an adaptation was first played by a British military band in 1974 by the Corps of Drums of the Royal Pioneer Corps and is now frequently played at military parades and by marching bands in Northern Ireland. American radio personality and convicted Watergate conspirator G. Gordon Liddy has used the march as bumper music on his syndicated radio programme.
Kriegsmarine

The ***Kriegsmarine*** (German pronunciation: [ˈkʁiːksmaˌʁiːnə], lit. 'War Navy') was the navy of Germany from 1935 to 1945. It superseded the Imperial German Navy of the German Empire (1871–1918) and the inter-war *Reichsmarine* (1919–1935) of the Weimar Republic. The *Kriegsmarine* was one of three official branches, along with the *Heer* and the *Luftwaffe*, of the *Wehrmacht*, the German armed forces from 1935 to 1945.

## History

In violation of the Treaty of Versailles, the *Kriegsmarine* grew rapidly during German naval rearmament in the 1930s. The 1919 treaty had limited the size of the German navy and prohibited the building of submarines.

*Kriegsmarine* ships were deployed to the waters around Spain during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) under the guise of enforcing non-intervention, but in reality supported the Nationalists against the Spanish Republicans.

In January 1939, Plan Z, a massive shipbuilding program, was ordered, calling for surface naval parity with the British Royal Navy by 1944. When World War II broke out in September 1939, Plan Z was shelved in favour of a crash building program for submarines (U-boats) instead of capital surface warships, and land and air forces were given priority of strategic resources.

The Commander-in-Chief of the *Kriegsmarine* (as for all branches of armed forces during the period of absolute Nazi power) was Adolf Hitler, who exercised his authority through the *Oberkommando der Marine* ('High Command of the Navy').

Among the *Kriegsmarine*'s most significant ships were its U-boats, most of which were constructed after Plan Z was abandoned at the beginning of World War II. Wolfpacks were rapidly assembled groups of submarines which attacked British convoys during the first half of the Battle of the Atlantic but this tactic was largely abandoned by May 1943 when U-boat losses mounted. Along with the U-boats, surface commerce raiders (including auxiliary cruisers) were used to disrupt Allied shipping in the early years of the war, the most famous of these being the heavy cruisers *Admiral Graf Spee* and *Admiral Scheer* and the battleship *Bismarck*. However, the adoption of convoy escorts, especially in the Atlantic, greatly reduced the effectiveness of surface commerce raiders against convoys.

Following the end of World War II in 1945, the *Kriegsmarine*'s remaining ships were divided up among the Allied powers and were used for various purposes including minesweeping. Some were loaded with superfluous chemical weapons and scuttled.

## Kriegsmarine's connection to the film

At least one scene in the film shows Kriegsmarine vessels in a French port
RAF Fighter Command

**RAF Fighter Command** was one of the commands of the Royal Air Force. It was formed in 1936 to allow more specialised control of fighter aircraft. It served throughout the Second World War. It earned near-immortal fame during the Battle of Britain in 1940, when the Few held off the Luftwaffe attack on Britain. The Command continued until 17 November 1943, when it was disbanded and the RAF fighter force was split into two categories; defence and attack. The defensive force became Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) and the offensive force became the RAF Second Tactical Air Force. Air Defence of Great Britain was renamed back to Fighter Command in October 1944 and continued to provide defensive patrols around Great Britain. It was disbanded for the second time in 1968, when it was subsumed into the new Strike Command.
Lasham Airfield

Aerial View

Location map

**Lasham Airfield** (ICAO: **EGHL**) is an aerodrome located 3.6 miles (5.8 km) north-west of Alton in Hampshire, England, in the village of Lasham.

It was built in 1942 and was a Royal Air Force Station during the Second World War, many significant operations being flown from it. The RAF ceased operations at Lasham in 1948, but an aircraft company, General Aircraft Ltd, continued to fly from the airfield. From 1951 the main activity at Lasham airfield became recreational gliding.

The airfield is now owned by the largest British gliding club, also one of the world's largest, Lasham Gliding Society (LGS). It is also the location for 2Excel Engineering Ltd., a company that maintains large jet aircraft.

Pilots of powered aircraft visiting the airfield require prior permission and a briefing on its hazards: in particular dense concentrations of thermalling gliders (up to 100 gliders can be in the vicinity at once), winch cables up to 3,000 ft (910 m) above the ground, and occasional movements of large jet airliners. Over-flying aircraft are requested to not fly below 3,618 ft (1,103 m) QNH. The airfield frequency is 131.03 MHz.

## Lasham Airfield's connection to the film

Due to the need was for models in aerial sequences, art director and model maker John Siddall was asked by the producer to create and head a team specifically for this because of his contacts in the modelling community.  A test flight was arranged at Lasham Airfield in the UK and a model was flown down the runway close behind a large American estate car with a cameraman in the rear. This test proved successful, leading to many radio-controlled models being constructed in the band rehearsal room at Pinewood Studios. Over a period of two years, a total of 82 Spitfires, Hurricanes, Messerschmitts and He 111s were built.

## Notes

1. ↑ Modellers included Mick Charles, Jack Morton and Chris Olson. Siddall was told by production that the models would not get any credit because they didn't want it generally known that models were used in the film.
Battle of Britain (Event)

The **Battle of Britain**, also known as the **Air Battle for England** (German: *die Luftschlacht um England*), was a military campaign of the Second World War, in which the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Fleet Air Arm (FAA) of the Royal Navy defended the United Kingdom (UK) against large-scale attacks by Nazi Germany's air force, the Luftwaffe. It has been described as the first major military campaign fought entirely by air forces. The British officially recognise the battle's duration as being from 10 July until 31 October 1940, which overlaps the period of large-scale night attacks known as the Blitz, that lasted from 7 September 1940 to 11 May 1941. German historians do not accept this subdivision and regard the battle as a single campaign lasting from July 1940 to June 1941, including the Blitz.

The primary objective of the German forces was to compel Britain to agree to a negotiated peace settlement. In July 1940, the air and sea blockade began, with the Luftwaffe mainly targeting coastal-shipping convoys, as well as ports and shipping centres such as Portsmouth. On 1 August, the Luftwaffe was directed to achieve air superiority over the RAF, with the aim of incapacitating RAF Fighter Command; 12 days later, it shifted the attacks to RAF airfields and infrastructure. As the battle progressed, the Luftwaffe also targeted factories involved in aircraft production and strategic infrastructure. Eventually, it employed terror bombing on areas of political significance and on civilians.

The Germans had rapidly overwhelmed France and the Low Countries, leaving Britain to face the threat of invasion by sea. The German high command recognised the logistic difficulties of a seaborne attack, particularly while the Royal Navy controlled the English Channel and the North Sea.[*page needed*] On 16 July, Hitler ordered the preparation of Operation Sea Lion as a potential amphibious and airborne assault on Britain, to follow once the Luftwaffe had air superiority over the Channel. In September, RAF Bomber Command night raids disrupted the German preparation of converted barges, and the Luftwaffe's failure to overwhelm the RAF forced Hitler to postpone and eventually cancel Operation Sea Lion. The Luftwaffe proved unable to sustain daylight raids, but their continued night-bombing operations on Britain became known as the Blitz.

Historian Stephen Bungay cited Germany's failure to destroy Britain's air defences to force an armistice (or even an outright surrender) as the first major German defeat in the Second World War and a crucial turning point in the conflict. The Battle of Britain takes its name from the speech given by Prime Minister Winston Churchill to the House of Commons on 18 June: "What General Weygand called the 'Battle of France' is over. I expect that the Battle of Britain is about to begin."
Luftwaffe

The ***Luftwaffe*** (German pronunciation: [ˈlʊftvafə] (listen)) was the aerial-warfare branch of the German *Wehrmacht* before and during World War II. Germany's military air arms during World War I, the *Luftstreitkräfte* of the Imperial Army and the *Marine-Fliegerabteilung* of the Imperial Navy, had been disbanded in May 1920 in accordance with the terms of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles which banned Germany from having any air force.

During the interwar period, German pilots were trained secretly in violation of the treaty at Lipetsk Air Base in the Soviet Union. With the rise of the Nazi Party and the repudiation of the Versailles Treaty, the *Luftwaffe*'s existence was publicly acknowledged on 26 February 1935, just over two weeks before open defiance of the Versailles Treaty through German rearmament and conscription would be announced on 16 March. The Condor Legion, a *Luftwaffe* detachment sent to aid Nationalist forces in the Spanish Civil War, provided the force with a valuable testing ground for new tactics and aircraft. Partially as a result of this combat experience, the *Luftwaffe* had become one of the most sophisticated, technologically advanced, and battle-experienced air forces in the world when World War II broke out in 1939. By the summer of 1939, the *Luftwaffe* had twenty-eight *Geschwader* (wings). The *Luftwaffe* also operated *Fallschirmjäger* paratrooper units.

The *Luftwaffe* proved instrumental in the German victories across Poland and Western Europe in 1939 and 1940. During the Battle of Britain, however, despite inflicting severe damage to the RAF's infrastructure and, during the subsequent Blitz, devastating many British cities, the German air force failed to batter the beleaguered British into submission. From 1942, Allied bombing campaigns gradually destroyed the *Luftwaffe*'s fighter arm. From late 1942, the *Luftwaffe* used its surplus ground support and other personnel to raise *Luftwaffe* Field Divisions. In addition to its service in the West, the *Luftwaffe* operated over the Soviet Union, North Africa and Southern Europe. Despite its belated use of advanced turbojet and rocket-propelled aircraft for the destruction of Allied bombers, the *Luftwaffe* was overwhelmed by the Allies' superior numbers and improved tactics, and a lack of trained pilots and aviation fuel. In January 1945, during the closing stages of the Battle of the Bulge, the *Luftwaffe* made a last-ditch effort to win air superiority, and met with failure. With rapidly dwindling supplies of petroleum, oil, and lubricants after this campaign, and as part of the entire combined *Wehrmacht* military forces as a whole, the *Luftwaffe* ceased to be an effective fighting force.

After the defeat of Germany, the *Luftwaffe* was disbanded in 1946. During World War II, German pilots claimed roughly 70,000 aerial victories, while over 75,000 *Luftwaffe* aircraft were destroyed or significantly damaged. Of these, nearly 40,000 were lost entirely. The *Luftwaffe* had only two commanders-in-chief throughout its history: Hermann Göring and later *Generalfeldmarschall* Robert Ritter von Greim for the last two weeks of the war.
Bolesław Drobiński

Flying Officer Bolesław Henryk Drobiński of No. 303 Polish Fighter Squadron in the cockpit of his Spitfire.

### Role in the film

Adviser

**Bolesław Henryk Drobiński** DFC (23 October 1918 – 26 July 1995) was a Polish fighter ace of the Polish Air Force in World War II with 7 confirmed kills and one shared.

## Biography

Drobiński made his first flight on a glider in 1934. On 2 January 1938 he entered the Polish Air Force Academy in Deblin. After the Invasion of Poland he was evacuated to France via Romania and Italy, then he came to England.

On 11 September 1940 Drobiński was assigned to the No. 65 Squadron RAF and took part in the Battle of Britain. On 2 March 1941 he was posted to the No. 303 Polish Fighter Squadron. On 15 May 1941 he damaged a Ju 52 which was on the ground. On 21 June 1941 Drobiński heavily damaged the plane flown by German ace Adolf Galland and forced him to a crash-landing. From 18 March 1942 to 9 August 1942 he was an instructor in No. 58 Operational Training Unit at RAF Grangemouth. On 18 October 1943 he was ordered to No. 317 Polish Fighter Squadron]. On 3 April 1944 he began to work in the Ministry of Defence. On 26 September 1944 he took command of No.303 Polish Fighter Squadron.

Drobiński was demobilized in 1948. He worked in the oil industry in America. In 1950's he settled in a village in Surrey. In 1960 he obtained British citizenship. In 1969 he acted as a technical advisor for the Battle of Britain film. In 1943 he married a South African woman, they had two sons and a daughter.

## Sources

1. ↑ Archived copy of 1941 bailouts.
2. ↑ Archived copy of BBNM entry. Archived from the original on November 17, 2015.
Dunkirk

**Dunkirk** (French: *Dunkerque* [dæ̃kɛʁk] (listen); French Flemish: *Duunkerke*; Dutch: *Duinkerke(n)* [ˈdœy̯ŋkɛrkə(n)] (listen); UK: /dʌnˈkɜːk/ *dun-KURK*, US: /ˈdʌnkɜːrk/ *DUN-kurk*;) is a commune in the department of Nord in northern France. It lies 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the Belgian border. It has the third-largest French harbour.

Early in the film footage of a beach, littered with abandoned military equipment, is used to represent the aftermath of the military evacuation, during the playing of Winston Churchill's speech referring to General Weygand.
Berlin

**Berlin** is the German city that served as the capital at the time of the Battle.

## In the Film

Following the accidental bombing of London, the pilot and naivgator of the crew responsible are ordered to report to Berlin, in order to explain themselves to their superiors. When they arrive, they find the city is still brightly lit, only for the lights to be extinguished when the RAF arrive to carry out a bombing raid, in relatiation for the accidental bombing of London.

The main effect of this raid is the order from Adolf Hitler for the Luftwaffe to switch the focus of it's attacks away from RAF airfields, and to concentrate their efforts in bringing about the destruction of the English capital, which indirectly, allows the RAF to make good their losses.