recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
VENEZUELA

Venezuela is a Latin America country located on the north of Brazil and to the west of Colombia which it borders. Their population approximation is of about 28 million people. It’s capital name is Carracas and is currently divided in twenty-three states, with one capital district. It’s name is originally derived from little Venice due to the housing near the lakes that previously  took place. Since the 20th century and on 1953 it was officially named Republica de  Venezuela.

Venezuela as many Central and South Americans countries was colonized by the Spanish during the 16th century. Before the colonization of the European country, Venezuela was home to many native Indians who were prone on hunting and fishing. Eventually, Spanish agriculturists began colonizing the land with encomiendas—a kind of grant—giving by the crown of Spain. It’s new circumstances, numerous changes began to take place including the social class hierarchy. Creoles, were on the top of power being descendants of Europeans, mestizos were seen as inferior of the latter as they were descendants from European and Indian lineages, and mulattoes who were of Indian ancestry and hold no economical, social or political power.

Colonization gradually became an issue and Venezuela was lead to Independence. Leaders such as Francisco de Miranda and Simon Bolivar were key to the eventual success of the revolution against Spanish control. Bolivar was in due course triumphant and began acting as President of Gran Colombia. Finally, Venezuela followed the independence footsteps on 1829.

Currently, Venezuela is home to a great amount of mestizos and mulattoes mestizos from European, African and Indian descent. Due to its industrial need of skilled workers it has in the past, not so long ago encourage non-Hispanic immigration. The country in majority practices Roman Catholicism although there is other religions that are followed along with Native Indians traditional religions. Spanish is the primary language spoken distinctive with colloquialisms, nonetheless there’s around 23 different Indian languages widely spoken and English is use as a business language.

  Presently, the country faces a humanitarian emergency that has caused lack of resources such as clean water, food and healthcare. The main responsible of such situation seem to be Venezuela own government as the Nations Humans Right Council (HRC) has found it guilty of numerous atrocities against its citizens such as extrajudicial executions, disappearances, and persecution of opponents. As a result, many people have fled the county in search for a better standard of living. The country concerns are still persistent as the Maduro government keeps holding control over the nations and elections are difficult to take place.

VENEZUELA: Oppression and Resistance

McCoy, Jennifer L. , Lieuwen, Edwin , Heckel, Heather D. and Martz,

John D.. "Venezuela". Encyclopedia Britannica, 28 Mar. 2021, https://www.britannica.com/place/Venezuela. Accessed 29 March 2021.]

“World Report 2021: Rights Trends in Venezuela.” Human Rights Watch, 13 Jan. 2021, www.hrw.org/world-report/2021/country-chapters/venezuela.

Maria Sanchez
Russia by Mari Gavelovska

Russia

Russia is located on the tectonic plate labeled Eurasia, partly in eastern Europe and partly in northern Asia, bordering the Arctic Ocean in the North. Most of Russia's northern lands have a polar climate while some of the coastal parts , like Sochi, are classified as coastal and humid subtropical. Overall most of the Russian landscape varies from desert to frozen coastline, tall mountains, giant marshes. The population survey from 2020 shows that Russia has about 144.1 million people, which has since risen to be 145.5 million as of January 1st 2022.  The former USSR has far fewer men than women in Russia; that ratio is 86.8 men per100 women. The age distribution chart down below showcases the population distribution from 2010 to 2020, 18.36 % of the population is in the 0-14 years category, 66.13% of the population is 15-64 years old, and 15.51% of the population are 65 years old or older.

Historian Sergei Soloviev in the 1840s stated “The history of Russia is the history of a country that colonizes itself.” As such the former USSR now known as Russia. Although this fact is denied by Russian historians till this day, in the late imperial period the Russian historians wrote detailed accounts dedicated to documenting the takeover of Crimea, Finland, Ukraine, Poland and other lands. However these takeovers are not considered as colony takeovers. Instead Russian historians argue that this takeover was an internal matter nowhere near the western definition of colonization.

I researched more into basic human needs, and how Russia is dealing with human rights violations in relation to the ongoing war. To summarize, Russia has been constantly disregarding the vitality and safety of its citizens way before this war was even in the works. However, Russia's disrespect classifies it as a misanthrope down to its core. All the money spent on their military and not even being able to afford their people basic first aid kits, or at least helmets that won't be broken by a kick, not to mention all of the Russian civilians who are being denied treatments to treat wounded troops. On another note the horrendous treatment of the dead. Russia is as prideful as ever before, delaying families the ability to bury their dead parents, siblings, children, just to make their numbers look better. Just to be clear, Russia's disrespect for basic human rights has been occurring long before the war, now it is just easier to see.

Throughout my research I realized that I was applying my own lenses to this research, gender, medical history, Slavic ethnicity, etc. I am furious that a country with such a long and rich history is choosing to be the oppressor not only towards another country, but also to their own citizens.

Infographic

Justice Warrior

[1]
Aka Hansen Denmark Social Justice Warrior

Denmark has a very long history of being at the forefront of the social movements in the world. With this being said there are still many activist groups in the country. I will be looking at a group that is based in Greenland. Many people think that Greenland and Denmark are two separate countries, however, Denmark is in control of Greenland. The Social Justice warrior I will be looking into today will be Aka Hansen. Being born to both Danish and Greenland parents she had an identity crisis between the two identities. Like many other children born in Greenland, she was sent to Denmark to study and has an extensive educational background in the capital city of Denmark.

With her main focus being on activism in regards to the Native cultures and people of Greenland she did much in her film career. Her film “Half and Half” in 2016 was one of the most stand-out films and helped solidify her career in activism. This focused on the conflict and colonial history of Denmark and Greenland. Her film focused on the hardship of people who seem to be in this middle ground. This means that she focused on the idea of what it meant to be Greenlandic or Danish and what it means for the people in between these two. This film is one of the only films done almost completely in the Greenlandic language. Many of her films focus on the experiences of people in the Faroe Islands and Greenland.

Having and focusing on this difference in identity is extremely important to the people of Denmark. She is known for many of her other films and her ability to make films is quite amazing. Denmark is often seen as almost a utopian society and filmmakers like Aka Hansen helps show this fault in modern-day history. During this time of decolonization Greenlanders also have been removing statues and throwing paint on them to show the separation of the island and Denmark. Things like this are extremely important to consider when looking at activism. Many people start their focus on activism in their own lives and backyards and she is just one example of this.
Fondo Semillas by Jamar Clark

Fondo Semillas is a non-profit organization that is focused on helping women lives in Mexico. They were founded in Mexico City, Mexico back in 1990 because they wanted a country for all women to have access to health care, education, jobs, etc. The Fondo Semillas was established to support other women rights groups and organizations throughout Mexico. The five programs that they have is body, work, identities, land, and resilient communities. They believe that leadership among girls and women is necessary to achieve social change in society. Over the past 30 years, Fondo Semillas has help support over 1,100 organizations, 800,000 women, and 3 million other people. These other organizations stop these problems and then provide them economic resources, capacity buildings, accompaniment, and alliance buildings. Some examples of groups that Fondo Semillas support are midwives, indigenous and rural women, and domestic workers.
ESCsort 13

## Países

### Retornos

  Chipre
  Georgia

### Retiradas

  Andorra
  Luxemburgo
  San Marino
  Ucrania

## Sorteo

* Azerbaiyán
* Georgia
* Israel
* Turquía
* Dinamarca
* Finlandia
* Islandia
* Noruega
* Suecia
* Eslovenia
* Macedonia del Norte
* Montenegro
* Serbia
* Suiza

* Bulgaria
* Chipre
* Grecia
* Moldavia
* Rumanía
* Irlanda
* Letonia
* Lituania
* Malta
* Polonia
* Bélgica
* Eslovaquia
* Países Bajos
* Portugal
* República Checa
A Crucial Item

I have been watching a documentary on El Salvador's women who are jailed because of abortion. This is an ongoing process in which the women are usually jailed for a long time or even life. Some who have already have other children are then to raise them inside the prisons, seeing these pictures and watching these women is awful and that the Government have seem to have no remorse.
Suicide Rates in Lithuania

Lithuania has consistently maintained the highest suicide rate in Europe since their departure from the USSR. With a 2016 rate of 28.3 suicides per 100,000 residents, they far exceed other countries with high rates, such as Latvia, Hungary, and Slovenia, who had rates in the late teens. Lithuania’s suicide rates are ultimately going down over time, as they hit a high of 45.6 in 1995 and have lowered consistantly since. That being said, they still remain disturbingly high. While this trend can’t be pinned to just one issue completely, it’s hypothesized that the high suicide rates in Lithuania are due to poverty and bad living conditions. While Lithuania has fared comparably well next to other former Soviet states, the gap between the rich and the poor is large, the differences between major cities such as their capital of Vilnius and the more rural regions of the country notable. According to research done by Mariarosaria Comunale, “macroeconomic and labour-market conditions appear to be strongly linked to total and males suicides.” Suicide rates are notably higher than the country average in rural regions such as Varena, which had a rate of 71.9 in 2006 while the country as a whole had a rate of 30. Lack of access to jobs and isolation may be responsible for the spike in suicide in rural districts, as well as a lowered ability to adapt to post-Soviet life compared to more developed areas of the country. According to Alvydas Navickas, president of the Lithuanian Association of Suicidology, “Better social conditions will lead to fewer suicides. Today some people live in such poverty, they have no illusions about escaping it. It’s a big social crisis.”

Sources:

https://voxeu.org/article/persistently-high-rate-suicide-lithuania

https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2020/0211/Latvia-and-Lithuania-begin-to-tackle-a-chronic-scourge-suicide

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-lithuania-suicide/suicides-in-lithuania-show-social-pains-persist-idUSL0879374620080409
Blue Ocean Law by Madison Torres

### Blue Ocean Law

Guam has been colonized for 500 years, first by the Spanish, then by the Japanese, and finally by the Americans. The Department of Defense owns an estimated 30% of Guam's territory, and the island is extensively militarized, resulting in the degradation of the island's natural ecology. Much of the attention afforded to Guam is concentrated on the United States' presence there, ignoring the contributions of the island's Indigenous peoples and their way of life. Blue Ocean Law is a Pacific-based international law company that focuses on human and indigenous rights, self-determination, and environmental justice. Blue Ocean Law is a Pacific-based organization that works on issues such as political and economic self-determination for non-self-governing territories, redress for victims of nuclear testing and non-consensual medical experimentation, anthropogenic climate change accountability, and recognition of indigenous peoples' rights. Blue Ocean Law is giving back to the community by being a voice for more freedom.
Justice Warrior in Kenya by Emma Chang

A group in Kenya that is advocating for social Justice is called Mathare Social Justice Centre (MSJC), which is located in Mathare, Nairobi, Kenya. Mathare is a part of Nairobi that is a group of highly populated areas that are in poverty. There are about 500,000 people trying to live in a half square mile. Mathare is known for their gang activity especially since there are 2 rival gangs living in the same place. There is a lot of poverty, unemployment and violent crimes that happen in Mathare and not a lot of children are able to have access to education.

MSJC was founded in 2014 to create a centre that would help young members to participate in fighting for forms of justice. They have been in initiatives, creating grassroots reports and have held community research and they are continuing to create latter reports. The goal for MSJC is to create Mathare a place free of human rights violations by promoting social justice through engaged community and social movement platforms. MSJC is created by the younger members of this community to educate the people about the “violence, land grabbing, forced evictions, police abuse and extrajudicial killings, political impunity and other economic, social and psychological violations.” (https://www.matharesocialjustice.org/about-msjc/) that has been going on in the community for a long time. They currently have 9 campaigns on-going with 3 different levels of leadership, an advisory council, the secretariat, and the membership. MSJC works with 30 different grassroots centres throughout Kenya with the same mission they have.

MSJC has an Internship program that is open to university students and researchers that are interested in helping the organization with their cause. The internship has a duration of 3 month and about 20 hours a week and volunteers will be assigned to at least one of the 5 campaigns that MSJC has already created. MSJC also has an exchange program with the other Kenyan grassroots organizations that MSJC has partnered with and they are also willing to do it with other organizations throughout the globe. Lastly, the MSJC wants to include more young members of the Mathare community to help get them out of poverty and violence and into helping solve the problem they have known their whole life.

Website: https://www.matharesocialjustice.org/

Twitter: @MathareSJustice

Facebook: @OfficialMSJC

Mathare Social Justice Centre. (n.d.). *Reflections on Mwai Kibaki & the betrayal of the second liberation struggles*. Mathare Social Justice Centre. Retrieved May 6, 2022, from https://www.matharesocialjustice.org/

Worley, W. (2016, January 7). *Kids photograph the slum they call home*. CNN. Retrieved May 6, 2022, from https://www.cnn.com/2016/01/07/africa/kids-photograph-mathare-slum-nairobi/index.html
Colombian Civil War

From the 1960s up until the present, Colombia has been dealing with civil war and conflict. The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the National Liberation Army (ELN) were formed in the 1960s as a response to political unrest in the country. When explaining the difference between FARC and the ELN, the Council on Foreign Relations said that "Both [groups] oppose the privatization of natural resources and claim to represent the rural poor against Colombia’s wealthy. Historically they have cooperated in some parts of the country and clashed in others" (Felter). So while the two guerrilla groups sprouted out of the same causes, their opinions differ in some areas and have led to FARC being recognized as more militaristic. With that being said, both groups have been involved in kidnappings of government officials and the drug trade. Along with US involvement in the conflicts, the Colombian presidential election of Álvaro Uribe in 2002 is what lead to a decrease in paramilitary group activity and laid the groundwork for peace talks (Felter). Finally, 10 years later, president Juan Manuel Santos started peacefully negotiating with FARC on issues such as disarmament and guerrilla members' reintegration into society. In 2016, an agreement was established as a result of the peace talks. However, many Colombians were dissatisfied at the lack of punishment for FARC members who, in some cases, had committed violent crimes. Finally, in April of 2017 after much discussion and debate, all paramilitary groups were officially disarmed.

**References**

Felter, C., & Renwick, D. (2017, January 11). Colombia's civil conflict. Retrieved April 14, 2021, from https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/colombias-civil-conflict

Read my page on Colombia here.
Indigenous Maya Knowledge and the Possibility of Decolonizing Education in Guatemala

In the thesis statement, Indigenous Maya Knowledge and the Possibility of Decolonizing Education in Guatemala by Vivian Michelle Jiménez Estrada, she focuses on the Maya people in Guatemala and their efforts for decolonization. As stated, Maya peoples in Guatemala continue to practice their Indigenous knowledge in spite of the violence experienced since the Spanish invasion in 1524. From 1991 until 1996, the state and civil society signed a series of Peace Accords that promised to better meet the needs of the Maya, Xinka, Garífuna and non-Indigenous groups living there.

Vivian Michelle Jiménez Estrada research investigates the philosophy and customs of Maya Indigenous knowledge (MIK) in broadly defined educational contexts through the stories of 17 diverse Maya professional women and men involved in educational reform that currently live and work in Guatemala City. The findings reveal that MIK promotes social change and healing within and outside institutionalized educational spaces and argues that academia needs to make room for Indigenous theorizing mainly in areas of education, gender, knowledge production, and nation building.

The researcher relies on Maya concepts and units of analyses (Jun Winaq’) guided by an Indigenous research methodology (Tree of Life) to conduct informal and in-depth interviews that lasted 2 to 4 hours. The researcher's analysis is founded by her own experience as an Indigenous person, her observations and participation in two Maya organizations in 2007 and a review of secondary literature in situ. The study contributes to a general understanding of contemporary Maya peoples and knowledge, and describes the theoretical validity of the Maya concept of Jun Winaq’.

In the thesis the researcher argues that this concept seeks to heal individuals and a society to strengthen the Maya and all peoples. Throughout the dissertation the researcher highlights the value of Indigenous knowledge and voices as parts of a political process that has the potential to decolonize mainstream education. The researcher ends with a graphic illustration of the elements in Maya Indigenous education and discusses future research for building a political agenda based on self-determination and healing relevant to Indigenous struggles globally.

Indigenous Maya Knowledge and the Possibility of Decolonizing Education in Guatemala by Vivian Michelle Jiménez Estrada, 2012.

https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/34068/1/JimenezEstrada\_Vivian\_M\_201211\_PhD\_Thesis.pdf
Racial/Ethnic Inequity in Mexico

Mexico is a decently sized country and roughly equivalent to California, Texas, and Florida's size if combined. Greater Latin America comprises 33 countries of varying sizes and equates to about ¾ of the Global South. Mexico has a population of 126,014,024, with the greater metropolitan area of Mexico City boasting 20,100,000~ people. Gender distribution amongst the population is generally even. The majority of the population is between the ages of 15-65.[1]

Mexico's Ethnic groups include many Indigenous people such as Nahua, Mestizo- indigenous and European ancestry, Castizo- white or light-skinned Mexicans, Asian Mexicans, and Afro Mexicans. These demographics are currently in transition as more Black migrants from the Caribbean and the continent of Africa make their way into the country. Mexico experiences high amounts of migrant movement in the country. The most well-known is the influx of migrants from Central and South America, traveling through to the U.S. border. The highest number of migrants into Mexico, though, is that of U.S. citizens often for business or retirement. Many U.S. citizens in Mexico are undocumented- such as overstaying visas.[2] [3]

Mexico has had long-standing historical issues with inequality. There exists an wide wealth gap between the poor and the rich as the Mexican governement prioritized the wealthy post-revolution. In this map we can clearly see the GDP per state within the United Mexican States is unevenly ditributed. The states with higher inidgenious populations and the states that border Central America have the lowest GDP, while Ciudad de Mexico and the states within Baja California Sur have higher incomes. Baja California is a common resort destination and Ciudad de Mexico is a massive world class city and a central business hub for the country. [4]

In Mexico there has been a commonly held belif that there is not racism in the country but discrimination based on socio-economic class and ethnicity. A study was done however and show that racism based on skin darkness is a major aspect to Mexican culture. [5] Undocumented migrants in Mexico face particularly worrisome risk and violence due to an inability to blend in within border towns. The situation of immigration into the U.S. is also getting worse as the Biden Administration released new policies that specifically only apply to Mexicans and Central Americans. [6]
Ethiopia by Acsah Lemma

Ethiopia is a country in the Eastern region of Africa, more specifically the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Somalia, Kenya, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Sudan. Ethiopia used to be an empire centuries ago and was previously called Abyssinia, so both Eritrea and Djibouti used to be a part of it. Ethiopia currently has a population of 109.22 million people making it the second most populated African country after Nigeria.

Ethiopia is similar to India in the sense that there are several different ethnic groups in this country. There are over 70 ethnic groups in Ethiopia, each with its language and culture. The three biggest tribes are the Oromo, Tigray, and Amhara. The Amhara speak Amharic, and their language is the official language of Ethiopia, although most political leaders can speak Tigrinya and Oromo as well.

What sets Ethiopia apart from the rest of Africa, is Ethiopia was never colonized. Italy tried and failed twice, even occupying the country for about two years, but Ethiopia never yielded. The main reasoning behind this success was Emperor Menelik II. He was able to take advantage of European rivalries to create a supply of weapons. That combined with the country's challenging geography that Europeans were not used to, resulted in a win over Italy. In addition, the coffee plant was originally discovered in Ethiopia. Ethiopians even have a special coffee ceremony that is a critical part of their culture.

Ethiopia is a very religious country, even mentioned in the Bible. Religion, specifically Orthodox Christianity is intertwined with their culture and as a result, the nation is pretty conservative. For instance, homosexuality is extremely illegal in Ethiopia and there are even a few organizations there that petition each year to make it punishable by death. Building off of that, political instability has been a big problem in the country. Ethiopia has gone from having an emperor to a prime minister to military occupation and now a prime minister again. However, the current prime minister, Dr. Abiy Ahmed is well-respected and even elected a woman to be his president. His cabinet also has more women representatives than previous Ethiopian leaders. Within the first few months of his term, he ended Ethiopia's war between the bordering country Eritrea and even won a Nobel Peace Prize in his efforts to unify East Africa.
Ethnic Cleansing

### Background

The term "ethnic cleansing" had not surfaced until the late twentieth century in order to highlight the distinction between ethnic cleansing and genocide. Genocide, which is a warcrime, has legal and political charges which do not always apply to ethnic cleansing. For example, genocide must have intent to remove groups of people entirely. Ethnic cleansing may apply to cases where that intent is not provable. In other words, ethnic cleansing has not been considered a warcrime because there is no single and clear definition for what qualifies to be ethnic cleansing.

### Description

Ethnic cleansing refers to the elimination of an ethnic group from a geographical area. Methods to do so include forcible removal, murder, detention, executions, and other actions that attempt to move an ethnic group. The variation in methodology contributes to the reasons why ethnic cleansing often does not have a clear definition. If the methods used to remove an ethnic group involve destruction of the group, then it may be considered genocide. However, methods are not limited to ending lives, and it therefore can not be labeled as genocide.

While ethnic cleansing is not considered a war crime, it is considered by the International Criminal Court as a crime against humanity. This only pertains to the forced removal of an ethnic group. The methods in doing so may be considered crimes under international law.

### Causes

The notion of superiority or "otherness" is essential in evoking nationalist sentiments. It is crucial for people to believe that they are more deserving than others because of some important and shared quality, often ethnicity. Individuals or groups in power may turn to ethnic cleansing in an effort to assure that the group of people who remain should feel proud of themselves. In theory, after ethnic cleansing occurs, the people who remain are more willing to cooperate with the group or individual that believes they are more worthy.

### Works Cited

1. https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/ethnic-cleansing.shtml
2. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/whats-the-difference-between-genocide-and-ethnic-cleansing
3. https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/crimes-against-humanity.shtml
4. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/ethnic-cleansing#:~:text=Political%20elites%20seek%20to%20attain,can%20lead%20to%20ethnic%20cleansing.
Turkey by Alecia Perez

The country I decided to write about was Turkey. The capital of Turkey is Ankara and the main language spoken is Turkish.  The population of Turkey is 84 million. Turkey connects Asia to Europe and acts as a bridge between the two. It is also surrounded by three bodies of water. The Aegean Sea, the Black Sea, and the Mediterranean are the major bodies of water that enclose Turkey.

The people have many diverse backgrounds. Because of the vast amount of people that have conquered Turkey over centuries, there are different cultures and ethnicities. However, the Turkish people are Sunni Muslims, and about one-fifth of the population is Kurdish. The population is a 50/50 female and male ratio.

The landscape of Turkey varies across the country.  The terrain of Turkey has a high central plateau area in Anatolia. There is also a narrow coastal plain and many mountain ranges. The mountain ranges are some of the tallest in the world with the peak of the tallest mountain being Mount Ararat. Mount Ararat has two peaks but the highest is Great Ararat reaching 5,165 meters.

The climate of Turkey has several variations based on the different regions. Near the Black Sea especially in Rize, there is a high amount of precipitation. Rize has reportedly had almost 100 inches of rain every year. The plateau region of the country has really hot and dry summers with temperatures reaching 90 degrees. There is usually no cloud in the sky and primarily clear skies.

Carbon emissions have increased significantly over the years. Today over 97% of Turkeys population are exposed to unsafe amounts of particulate matter pollution. Because of Turkey's increased industrialization, there is a massive amount of toxins released into the air causing this issue.

Turkey Social Justice Warrior by Alecia Perez

Turkey-Enviromental Crisis

Infographic

https://www.canva.com/design/DAE-MsHan7k/DgtldHbOuBt9eAlP2rv52g/view?utm\_content=DAE-MsHan7k&utm\_campaign=designshare&utm\_medium=link2&utm\_source=sharebutton
Minecraft Bedrock Edition 1.17.0.56

**Beta 1.17.0.56**, 13 Mayıs 2021'de yayınlanan Bedrock Edition 1.17.0'ın dördüncü beta sürümüdür. Lav akiferleri ekleyerek hataları düzeltir.

<Minecraft Bedrock Edition 1.17.0.54 | Minecraft Bedrock Edition 1.17.0.58>

## Değişiklikler

### Bloklar

Açelya ve Çiçekli Açelya
**•** Yosun bloğuna yerleştirildiğinde artık doğru bir şekilde ağaca dönüşüyor
Deepslate ve İstila Edilmiş Deepslate
**•** Üst ve alt dokular artık izotropik şekilde uygulanmaktadır
**•** Mozaikleme sınırlamaları nedeniyle, izotropik, şimdilik bu dokular yukarı ve aşağı olduğunda (bu döndürülebilir bir blok olduğu için) derin kayma ile sınırlıdır
Kar tozu
**•** Doku artık rastgele döndürülmüyor
### Canlılar

Aksolot
**•** Aksolotlar artık görünmez canlılara saldırmıyor
**•** Aksolot dokuları güncellendi
Parlayan Mürekkep Balığı
**•** Doğal olarak ortaya çıkan Parlayan Mürekkep Balığı artık "despawn" oluyor.
### Dünya nesli

Ametist Geoitleri
**•** Şimdi biraz daha nadir
**• şansı** 1 / 48'den 1 / 53'e düşürüldü
### Genel

Denetleyici ipuçları
Aşağıdakiler için araç ipuçları eklendi

**•** Bir Teleskop Tutmak
**•** Kova kullanarak Kazan'dan Lav toplayın
**•** Kova kullanarak Toz Kar Bloğundan Toz Kar toplayın
**•** Kovadan Kazana Lav Boşaltın
**•** Kovadan Kazana Toz Kar Boşaltılmak
Deneyler geçişi
**•** Oyunun yeni bir sürümünde Deneysel özelliklere sahip eski bir dünyanın yüklenmesi için bir uyarı eklendi
**•** Dünyanın Deneysel olduğunu belirten bir etiket eklendi
**•** Dünya oluşturma ekranına Deneysel özellikler için bir açıklama eklendi
### Deneysel

Bedrock Edition 1.18.0'da gelen dünya nesline erken erişim sağlayan "Caves & Cliffs" deneyleri geçişinin arkasında değişiklikler yapıldı .

Akiferler
**•** Y = 0'ın altındaki akiferler bazen lavdan yapılacaktır.
Düzeltmeler ve daha fazla bilgi için
https://minecraft.fandom.com/wiki/Bedrock\_Edition\_beta\_1.17.0.56
New Zealand - Environmental Crisis & Solutions

According to the WWF, New Zealand is facing horrific events as a result of global warming and climate change. Stated by the WWF, they claim that Over the next 30 – 100 years, temperatures will continue to rise. In the future, projected impacts include: More droughts for areas like the East Cape and Northland. More floods for other areas, particularly the West Coast. Worse erosion – and possibly inundation – of coastal areas. Introduction of new pests and diseases, affecting both health and agriculture. It’s also likely that our lives and livelihoods will be significantly affected by global impacts such as immigration, food shortages, and political instability." This means that basically all aspects can and will change in the projected 30-100 years. With habitats worsening, plant and animal life are sure to be damaged heavily and many animal species could go extinct due to the rapid-changing landscape. This could ultimately mean less for people as well. Less clean water, less places to live safely, and less reliable food sources. According to WWF, "ice volume in the Southern Alps down 11% in the past 30 years." as well as "A rise in sea level by 16cm on average across New Zealand's four major ports in the past 100 years." These changes affect large areas of land and drastically change the environment.

While climate change is a major threat of destroying life in New Zealand, all hope is not lost. In wellington.govt, they propose a plan to become a "zero carbon capital" by the year 2050. In New Zealand's "Te Atakura" or "first to zero" plan, they have main focuses on transportation, building energy and and urban form, advocacy, and the council. With these four focus points, New Zealand has an approach for each way to tackle the damaging effects of climate change. While 87% of emissions come from transportation and stationary energy (energy use in buildings), they have a plan of attack to reduce it. Targets for 2020 at 10% emission reduction, 2030 at 43%, 2040 at 68% and 2050 at 100%, they have impressive claims, but with a four-leveled approach, New Zealand is taking this matter very seriously.

New Zealand - Sylus Krall

Resources:

https://www.wwf.org.nz/what\_we\_do/climateaction/new\_zealand\_impacts/

https://wellington.govt.nz/environment-and-sustainability/climate-change
Ireland GLST 302 Postcolonialism, Decolonization, & Environmental Crises & Solutions/Resistance

**Postcolonialism**

Why and when did Ireland begin to industrialize? They began in the 1960s and 1970s, it occurred mostly in the west. This paper will look at post-colonial Ireland (1920s-1960s). It will describe rural fundamentalism and how it influenced Irish social and economic policy, as well as how poverty, emigration, and unemployment influenced the eclipse of rural Ireland's communities. The opening up of the economy and the shift in beliefs were critical to the nation's existence, according to this argument. The International Development Authority (IDA) and its role in encouraging industrialization in the West will be discussed next. It will explain why multinational corporations picked the west of Ireland over other parts of the country to locate. The essay will concentrate on the social effects of industrialization on individuals and groups, demonstrating that industrialization in rural Ireland was considered as beneficial to the entire community. According to Frankenberg (1994), Arensberg and Kimball's description of the west of Ireland was "a community that was homogeneous, well-integrated, stable, and harmonious entity, expressed through kinship and coring, the chosen son inherited the farm, and the farmers of Luogh have allegiances to all these communities" (p. 26). Arensberg and Kimball were selected to tour a picture-perfect Ireland. However, they failed to see that between 1930 and 1934, small-scale farmers were fast disappearing, as they sold their land to their neighbors and emigrated to England or America (Gibbon1962). 1 Brody (1973) revealed that the family system had changed dramatically. The family was in serious trouble. He noticed that women were emigrating in order to find jobs in the industrial sector and that women were abandoning rural life in favor of metropolitan culture.

**What impact does climate change have on Ireland?**

The effects of climate change are plainly seen, with the most obvious effect being an increase in temperature. Temperatures increased by 0.7°C between 1890 and 2008, and by 0.4°C between 1980 and 2008. Increased temperatures have had an impact on Ireland's natural environment, altering farming and increasing the number of species suited to warmer climates. Storm frequency and impact have both increased during the last few decades. If the rate of global warming continues to rise and the climate continues to change, Ireland may face serious consequences. We are particularly vulnerable to rising sea levels as an island nation, with coastal areas experiencing flooding.

*References*

“Global Warming.” *Bing*, Microsoft, https://www.bing.com/search?q=ireland+global+warming.
Protests in Guadalajara - The Stand

Wednesday, May 12, 2021, the University of Guadalajara gathered and organized to protests the murder of three siblings, who were kidnapped from there homes and left on the freeway to rot. This event, like many others, are a part of an almost daily occurrence of fear cast down upon the people by drug gangs and Cartels. The people today to protest insecurity, demanding justice for the who were murdered and for there fellow Guadalajarense for there nation to step up and protect them. The fear, although seemingly lasting forever, has gotten stale. For to long these people have lived there lives under the boot of a chaotic and brutal life style. Like so many times in History, The young have to stand up for there people. These fights are older than they are, but they chose to rally against it never the less. The students of this school are brave and powerful; They shouldn't have to be the ones to do this but they are, and they will. Like protests all over the world combating police brutality, drug violence, the subjugation of rights in "democratic" nations everywhere, to even the struggle to keep clean water in your home. It shouldn't be this way, fighting for your life shouldn't be a culture, it should be a rare and scary time. For too long, basic rights and living conditions have been commodified to the highest bidder, while they tell you to keep working, making there money and feeding there bellies. This may not be a fight to reject a government that has failed them, but it will turn into this if this continues, and it's been happening for longer than these students have even been alive.
Libyas hope for peace

Libya has long been a country known for its ongoing internal conflict. Although Libya has been on shaky for a while now, some would say that it has gotten extremely worse ever since the assassination of Muammar Ghadafi in 2011. Libya has never been able to establish a sustainable governing force to support its people, making the country essentially lawless. Libya currently has two competing political parties. One is the UN backed Government for National accord or (GNA) whom which is motivated by western countries. Then there is Khalifa Haftar’s armed forces that is a more natural Libyan based political movement. Both political parties have the interest and support of many outside countries. Russia, Turkey, UAE, and more countries support the Khalifa led army and the Tobruk based parliament in their quest to take full control over the country and implement their style of government.On the other hand the UN countries in Europe and the United states are backing the Government of national accord. While all of this is happening Libya's people sit and pray, just hoping that their country will soon know peace and stability. It is estimated that Libyans are in poverty at a 33% rate. Most data is inaccurate simply because Libya is in such a fractured and dangerous state and that makes it hard for censuses and other data collected surveys to be distributed to most or all citizens.Libya also is a country where asylum seeking global citizens come to seek refugee, while they are safer than where they have come from, they overall contribute to the low quality of life in Libya and the crime rate.There is no clear direction for a citizen in Libya except to survive. Until a sustainable government takes control of the countries problems, Libya and its citizens will continue to hope for better days.

Sources:
https://www.usip.org/publications/2020/07/four-things-know-about-libyas-conflict-and-foreign-interference
https://www.usip.org/publications/2021/02/libya-amid-hope-peace-regional-rifts-still-pose-hurdles
https://www.wfp.org/countries/libya#:~:text=Gripped%20since%202011%20by%20a,in%20need%20of%20humanitarian%20assistance
Justice Warrior--ACCE--Ayana Forbes

I have chosen to highlight a group here in Sacramento working for social justice. That group is Alliance of Californians for Community Empowerment (ACCE) Action.

This is a non-profit community organization that fights and stands for economic, racial and social justice to create transformative community change.

Some recent victories that ACCE has contributed to within the community is the cancel rent movement, which is a tent relief bill passed to excuse tenant inability to pay rent this past covid pandemic year if income is between a certain bracket. If landlord participates in program rent is forgiven, if not tenant can apply for 25% off. There are loopholes in this SB 91, tenant relief bill and ACCE is currently working to close those loopholes.

ACCE also participated in the success of tenants winning for a rent cap and eviction protections across California. There are many ACCE chapters throughout California we even have one right here in Sacramento. The Sacramento chapter is currently focused on housing justice and civic engagement.
Human Rights in The Philippines

The Philippines has a very controversial and violent history in regards to human rights. From martial law being declared to "prevent or suppress...any act of insurrection or rebellion," ("Proclamation No. 1081," 1972), to extra-judicial killings and the suppression of opposing political opponents, the country has a worrying trend that is seemingly leading more and more towards an authoritarian government which subsequently leads to the neglection of human rights in the country.

Since taking office in 2016, President Rodrigo Duterte’s murderous “war on drugs,” continued to target mostly impoverished Filipinos in urban areas. The police and unidentified gunmen linked to the police have committed thousands of extrajudicial executions. The killings increased dramatically during the Covid-19 lockdown, rising by over 50 percent during April to July 2020 compared to the previous four months ("Human Rights Watch," 2021). Killings and other human rights violations continued under the government’s “war on drugs”. On several occasions, President Duterte incited violence against people suspected of using or selling drugs, while promising to protect those who kill them.2 Reports of killings increased in cities where police chiefs who had previously overseen abusive operations were appointed. Based on government data, police killed at least 155 people from April to July, compared to 103 people from December 2019 to March. Killings by unknown individuals, many with suspected links to the police, continued. Victims were overwhelmingly poor ("Philippines 2020," 2020).

Threats, attacks, and killings, against left-wing political activists, environmental activists, community leaders, Indigenous peoples’ leaders, journalists, lawyers, and others rose in the past year. There has been almost total impunity for these killings. In March, the government placed the country under lockdown, restricting people’s movement to limit the spread of Covid-19, using the military, as well as the police and local officials, to enforce the lockdown. Tens of thousands of people were arrested and often detained in crowded jails and holding centers where they were at increased risk of contracting the virus. Police and local officials targeted vulnerable populations, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people and children, and in some cases using public humiliation and cruel treatment. On 10 August 2020, activist and peace advocate Randall Echanis and his neighbour were killed in Metro Manila. A week later, human rights defender Zara Alvarez was shot dead in Bacolod City. Echanis and Alvarez were branded as “terrorists” in a 2018 government list. Other human rights defenders and political activists were arbitrarily detained and faced increased threats and harassment after the government “red-tagged” or linked them to communist armed groups ("Repression of dissent," 2020)

**Sources**

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1972/09/21/proclamation-no-1081/

https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2021/country-chapters/philippines

https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/asia-and-the-pacific/philippines/report-philippines/
Jamaica - Noemy Gomez

Jamaica is one of the Caribbean island countries in the Caribbean Sea. It is the third largest of the Caribbean islands with an area of 4,411 miles. The islands climate is very tropical because its surrounded by sea. Storms and other natural disasters are somewhat common and unfortunately cause destruction within the island. Its population is approximately 2,973,463 and its population is mostly of African ancestry. Although English is the official language, Jamaican Creole is also a widely spoken language in Jamaica. In 1494 after Christopher Columbus came across the island the Spanish invaded Jamaica and brutally destroyed the island and its inhabitants. Later on in the 1600's the Spanish surrendered to the English and they took over the island. The English settlers brought many African slaves to Jamaica during the late 1600's and 1700's. After over 300 years Jamaicas people gained independence from Britain in 1962. Despite their independence Jamaica continues to struggle with poverty rates because of the debts they owe, the lack of resources, poor leadership, corruption, and other outside interference. Jamaica is going through many environmental issues right now, and a big one is water pollution. The island's waste system involves dumping everything out at sea, burning garbage that can have toxic trash, and sewers that are not managed properly. Burning all the waste and plastic is bad for the environment and poses a huge respiratory risk to people. And dumping waste into the sea doesn't provide a long term solution because of the long term consequences that will happen. Water pollution will cause the biodiversity and food sources to diminish and will hurt their water quality (drinking) and even swimming because Jamaica's income does depend on tourists.
Norwegian Justice Warrior by Oleksandr Kostiuk

## Thorolf Rafto

Thorolf Rafto (1922-1986) was a human rights activist and professor in Economic History at the Norwegian School of Economics in Bergen, Norway. His efforts and inspiration lead to establishing the Rafto Foundation for Human Rights after his death. The main purpose of the organization was to continue Rafto’s work on promoting freedom of speech and political expression in Eastern Europe. After the Iron Curtain fall, there were many possibilities to promote basic human rights to newly democratized countries of Eastern Europe. The organization was providing a platform for the laureates, who provided information that could be spread by international media. The foundation has helped to hear many activist voices on the international level.

Thorolf Rafto’s activism career started with the Prague Spring of 1968 in Eastern Europe. Later he was supporting liberal ideas of Czechoslovak reformists, Alexander Dubček and Jiří Hájek. During his visit to Odessa in 1973, Rafto witnessed the persecution of Soviet Jewish and intellectuals because they applied to travel to Israel. When Rafro returned home, he wrote an article criticizing the internal Soviet politics. Thorolf Rafto’s articles inspired many other activists to support his ideas.