Bob Keeshan

***Robert James Keeshan*** (June 27, 1927 – January 23, 2004) was an American television producer and actor. He created and played the title role in the children's television program *Captain Kangaroo*, which ran from 1955 to 1984, the longest-running nationally broadcast children's television program of its day. Keeshan also played the original Clarabell the Clown on the *Howdy Doody* television program.

## Early life

Keeshan was born to Irish parents, in Lynbrook, New York. After an early graduation from Forest Hills High School in Queens, New York, in 1945, during World War II, he enlisted in the United States Marine Corps Reserve, but was still in the United States when Japan surrendered. He attended Fordham University on the GI Bill. He received his bachelor's in education in 1951.

An urban legend claims that actor Lee Marvin said on *The Tonight Show* that he had fought alongside Keeshan at the Battle of Iwo Jima in 1945. However, Marvin never said this, not having served on Iwo Jima (Marvin was wounded during the Battle of Saipan), and Keeshan never saw combat, having enlisted too late to serve overseas.

## Television career

Network television programs began shortly after the end of the war. *Howdy Doody*, an early show which premiered in 1947 on NBC, was one of the first. Debuting on January 3, 1948, Keeshan played Clarabell the Clown, a silent Auguste clown who communicated by honking several horns attached to a belt around his waist. One honk meant "yes"; two meant "no". Clarabell often sprayed Buffalo Bob Smith with a seltzer bottle and played practical jokes. Keeshan had conflicts with Smith and in late 1952 left the show, or possibly was fired, after hiring an agent for himself and other workers on the show.

By September 21, 1953, Keeshan came back to local TV on WABC-TV, Channel 7 in New York City, in a new children's show, *Time for Fun*. He played Corny the Clown, and this time he spoke. Later that same year, in addition to *Time for Fun*, Keeshan began *Tinker's Workshop*, a program aimed at preschoolers, with him playing the grandfather-like Tinker.

Developing ideas from *Tinker's Workshop*, Keeshan and his long-time friend Jack Miller submitted the concept of *Captain Kangaroo* to the CBS network, which was looking for innovative approaches to children's television programming. CBS approved the show, and Keeshan starred as the title character when it premiered on CBS on October 3, 1955. Keeshan described his character as based on "the warm relationship between grandparents and children". The show was an immediate success, and he served as its host for nearly three decades.

Recurring characters included his sidekick (and fan favorite) Mr. Green Jeans (played by Hugh "Lumpy" Brannum), Dennis (played by Cosmo Allegretti), and puppets such as Bunny Rabbit and Mr. Moose.

*The New York Times* commented: "Captain Kangaroo, a round-faced, pleasant, mustachioed man possessed of an unshakable calm ... was one of the most enduring characters television ever produced."

Keeshan also had a Saturday morning show called *Mister Mayor* during the 1964–65 season. Keeshan, in his role as the central character in both *Captain Kangaroo* and *Mister Mayor*, heavily promoted the products of the Schwinn Bicycle Co., a sponsor, directly on-air to his audience. By 1972, Keeshan had introduced another character on *Captain Kangaroo* to recommend Schwinn products, Mr. Schwinn Dealer, due to the Federal Trade Commission ruling against children's show hosts directly endorsing their sponsor's products during their programs after 1969.

Keeshan had a longtime close friendship with Fred Rogers of *Mister Rogers' Neighborhood*. Each paid visits to the other's show (Keeshan on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood and Rogers on Captain Kangaroo) in 1970, and the two appeared together on the PBS special *Springtime with Mister Rogers* in 1980. The following year, Fred Rogers appeared briefly in Keeshan's TV special *Good Evening, Captain* (following Keeshan's 1981 heart attack), in which Rogers and Dick Clark both presented Keeshan with flowers at the end of the show.

Keeshan did voice recordings for a number of albums for Columbia Records, Golden Records and RCA-Victor. Several were of children's songs performed with other characters from *Captain Kangaroo*, but other albums included *A Child's Introduction to Jazz*, narration for *Peter and the Wolf* conducted by Leopold Stokowski, and *Captain Kangaroo Introduces You to the Nutcracker Suite*.

## Heart attack and cancellation

Keeshan suffered a severe heart attack just moments after stepping off a plane at Toronto Pearson International Airport on July 11, 1981, which pushed the start of a revamped version of his show back to at least mid-August. He had come to the city to accept a children's service award.

Keeshan underwent triple-bypass surgery and received an estimated 5,000 get-well wishes from fans during his hospitalization.

Following the heart attack, Keeshan received three Emmy awards for Outstanding Performer in 1982, 1983, and 1984. Despite these accolades, Keeshan's show was shortened from its hour-long format to 30 minutes in 1981, to make room for the expansion of the *CBS Morning News* lineup. The program was retitled *Wake Up with the Captain*, and moved to a new 7:00 am time slot. At the start of 1982, the show was rescheduled to an even earlier slot of 6:30 am. In the fall of 1982, CBS installed it as a weekend-only hour offering, and two years later, in the fall of 1984, the show became a Saturday half-hour entry.

Tired of CBS's constant reductions of his show, Keeshan left *Captain Kangaroo* when his contract with the network ended in December 1984, just nine months shy of the show's 30th anniversary. By 1987, repeats of the show were airing daily on many PBS stations.

Keeshan's show was given a farewell of sorts with *Captain Kangaroo and Friends*, a primetime network TV special that aired in 1985.

## Later life

After *Captain Kangaroo* ended, Keeshan hosted 1985's *CBS Storybreak*, which featured animated versions of children's literature. Keeshan appeared in framing sequences for the animated stories, showcasing the book versions and suggesting similar books for the viewers to seek out. In 1987, Keeshan founded Corporate Family Solutions with former Tennessee Republican Governor Lamar Alexander. The company provided day-care programs to businesses.

Keeshan lived on Melbury Road in Babylon Village, Long Island, New York, before moving to spend the last 14 years of his life in Norwich, Vermont, where he became a children's advocate, as well as an author. He published his memoirs, entitled *Good Morning, Captain*, in 1995 by Fairview Press. He was a strong advocate against video game violence and took part in congressional hearings in 1993. In addition, he joined with parents' groups in the 1980s who protested children's TV shows based on toys like He-Man and Transformers; he felt that toys turned into TV shows did not teach children anything about the real world. He also made a rare film appearance in *The Stupids* in 1996.

Keeshan was an adopted member of the Dartmouth College class of 1942, receiving an honorary doctorate from the college in 1975. He was also awarded an honorary doctor of humane letters by Fordham University in 1975. Le Moyne College, a Jesuit liberal arts college in Syracuse, New York, awarded him an honorary doctor of humane letters in 1983. He was awarded an honorary doctorate by the College of New Rochelle in 1985, after serving for several years on its board of trustees. In 1997, he received an honorary doctorate from Middlebury College, the alma mater of his grandson Britton Keeshan, for his work in children's literacy. That same year he starred as the Wizard in the St. Louis Muny Outdoor Theater production of *The Wizard of Oz*.

In the 1990s, Keeshan expressed an interest in bringing back a new version of *Captain Kangaroo* as a gentler and kinder answer to the violent cartoons on children's television. Despite having sponsors and television stations lined up, Keeshan was unable to obtain permission from ICM, the company that owned the rights to *Captain Kangaroo* at that time.

## Death

Keeshan died in Windsor, Vermont, on January 23, 2004, at age 76. He was survived by three children: Michael Derek, Laurie Margaret, and Maeve Jeanne. His wife of 45 years, Anne Jeanne Laurie Keeshan, died February 25, 1996. Keeshan's grandson, Britton Keeshan, became the youngest person at that time to have climbed the Seven Summits by climbing Mount Everest in May 2004. He carried photographs of his grandfather on that ascent, and buried a photo of the two of them at the summit.

Keeshan was buried in Saint Joseph's Cemetery in Babylon, New York.

## Awards

Keeshan received many awards, including:

* Iris Award for man of the year from NATPE, 1965
* Honorary doctorate of humane letters from Alfred University, 1969
* Several other honorary doctorates and degrees
* Five Emmy Awards (1978, 1981–1984)
* Three Peabody Awards (1958, 1972, 1979)
* National Education Award, 1982
* Induction into the clown hall of fame, 1990
* American Medical Association Distinguished Service award, 1991
* Induction into the National Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame, 1998