Armorial of the House of Plantagenet

The House of Plantagenet was the first truly armigerous royal dynasty of England. Their predecessor, Henry I of England, had presented items decorated with a lion heraldic emblem to his son-in-law, Plantagenet founder Geoffrey, Count of Anjou, and his family experimented with different lion-bearing coats until these coalesced during the reign of his grandson, Richard I (1189–1199), into a coat of arms with three lions on a red field, formally *Gules, three lions passant guardant or (armed and langued azure)*, that became the Royal Arms of England, and colloquially those of England itself. The various cadet branches descended from this family bore differenced versions of these arms, while later members of the House of Plantagenet would either quarter or impale these arms with others to reflect their political aspirations.

## Overview of Plantagenet arms

### Non-Plantagenet families

The heiresses of Norfolk and Kent transmitted the Plantagenet arms to non-Plantagenet families:

Henry VI of England granted differenced versions of the Plantagenet arms to his maternal half-brothers. This was an extraordinary grant, since they were not descended from the English royal family.

## House of Plantagenet

<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  Monarchs
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  Paternal descent
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  Maternal descent
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  Consorts
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  Illegitimate descent
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  Collaterals

### Descendants of Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou

Married to: Empress Matilda; 1128–1151.
Progenitor of the Plantagenet dynasty.

Possible: *Gules, two lions passant*
 File:Arms of Eleanor of Aquitaine.svg | Queen Eleanor | 1124?–1204
Married to: King Henry II; 1152–1189.There is not surviving contemporary evidence of her using arms, but later historians would attribute these arms to her.

Possible: *Two lions combatant*
Possible: *Two lions passant*
*Gules, three lions passant guardant Or*
His arms are only known from two armorial seals, and hence the tinctures can not be determined. His First Great Seal showed one lion on half of the shield. It is debated whether this was meant to represent two lions combatant or a single lion, and if the latter, whether the direction in which the lion is facing is relevant or simply an artistic liberty. A simple lion rampant is most likely.
 File:Arms of Berengaria of Navarre.svg | Queen Berengaria | 1170?–1230
Married to: King Richard I; 1191–1199.

### Descendants of John, King of England

 File:Arms of Isabella of Angoulême.svg | Queen Isabella | 1188–1246
Married to: King John; 1200–1216.

### Descendants of Henry III of England

 File:Arms of Eleanor of Provence.svg | Queen Eleanor | 1223–1291
Married to: King Henry III; 1236–1272.

 File:Arms of Henry, 3rd Earl of Leicester and Lancaster.svg | Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster | 1281–1345

### Descendants of Edward I of England

 File:Arms of Castille (English heraldry).svg | Queen Eleanor | 1241–1290
 File:Arms of Margaret of France.svg | Queen Margaret | 1279–1318
Married to: King Edward I; 1299–1307

### Descendants of Edward II of England

 File:Arms of Margaret of France.svg File:Arms of Isabella of France.svg | Queen Isabella | 1295–1358
*Quarterly, 1st England, 2nd France ancien, 3rd, Gules, a cross saltire and an orle of chains linked together Or (Navarre), 4th, Azure, a bend Argent cotised potent-counter-potent Or (Champagne)*
Married to: King of Edward II; 1308–1327

(later King Edward III)
 File:Arms of John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall.svg | John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall

### Descendants of Edward III of England

*Quarterly, 1st and 4th, Azure, semée of fleurs de lys Or (France), 2nd and 3rd, Gules, three lions passant guardant Or (England)*
 File:Arms of Philippa of Hainault (1330-1340).svg File:Arms of Philippa of Hainault (1340-1369).svg | Queen Philippa | 1314–1369
Married to: King Edward III; 1328–1369.

#### Descendants of Edward, the Black Prince

Married to: Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent; 1340–1360
Married to: Edward of Woodstock, Prince of Wales; 1361–1376.

 File:Arms of Anne of Bohemia.svg | Anne of Bohemia | 1366–1394
 File:Arms of Isabella of Valois.svg | Isabella of Valois | 1389–1409
Married to: King Richard II; 1396–1400.

#### Descendants of Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence

 File:Arms of the House of de Burgh.svg | Elizabeth de Burgh, Countess of Ulster
Married to: Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence; 1352–1363.

#### John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster

*Quarterly, Castile and Leon, impaling, quarterly, France and England, a label of three points ermine*
 File:Arms of Castille (English heraldry).svg | Constance of Castile | 1354–1394
 File:Arms of Katherine Swynford (de Roet).svg | Katherine Swynford | 1350–1403
Married to: John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster; 1396–1399.

#### Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York

 File:Arms of Castille (English heraldry).svg | Isabella of Castille | 1355–1392
Married to: Edmund of Langley, Duke of York; 1393–1402.

#### Descendants of Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester

Married to: Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester; 1374–1397.

 File:Arms of Anne of Gloucester, Countess of Stafford.svg | Anne of Gloucester, Countess of Stafford
Married to: Edmund Stafford, Earl of Stafford.

## House of Lancaster

<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  Monarchs
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  Paternal descent
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  Maternal descent
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  Consorts
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  Illegitimate descent
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  Collaterals

### Descendants of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster

*Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of five points ermine (Richmond)*

As Duke of Lancaster and Hereford:
*Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of five points two of ermine (Richmond) and three Azure flory Or (Lancaster)*
 File:Arms of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset (Bastard).svg  | John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset
*Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, within a bordure componée Argent and Azure*
 File:Arms of Thomas Beaufort, 1st Duke of Exeter.svg File:Arms of Thomas Beaufort, 1st Duke of Exeter moderne.svg | Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter

#### Descendants of Henry IV of England

Changed to *France moderne* in line with changes made in that kingdom: *Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England*
In 1376, the kings of France altered the royal coat of arms, replacing the field *semée fleurs de lys* with three fleurs de lys, alluding to the Trinity. This new design is referred to as *France Moderne*, the previous one being *France Ancien*. From about 1400 the kings of England imitated this change. As modified, the monarchs of England continued to bear arms in this form until the crown union with Scotland in 1603.
 File:Arms of Joan of Navarre.svg | Joan of Navarre | 1370–1437
Married to: King Henry IV; 1399–1413.

 File:Arms of Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence.svg | Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence
 File:Arms of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford.svg | John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford
 File:Arms of Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester.svg | Humphrey of Lancaster, Duke of Gloucester

##### Descendants of Henry V of England

 File:Arms of Catherine of Valois.svg | Catherine of Valois | 1401–1437
Married to: King Henry V; 1420–1422.
Later married to: Owen Tudor; 1428?–1437, progenitor of the House of Tudor.

 File:Arms of Margaret of Anjou.svg | Margaret of Anjou | 1430–1482
Married to: King Henry VI; 1445–1471.

Killed at the Battle of Tewkesbury 1471.

## House of York

<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  Monarchs
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  Paternal descent
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  Maternal descent
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  Consorts
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  Illegitimate descent
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  Collaterals

### Descendants of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York

*Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of three points Argent each point charged with three torteaux Gules*
 File:Arms of Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge.svg | Richard of Conisburgh, Earl of Cambridge
 File:Arms of Anne de Mortimer, Countess of Cambridge.svg | Anne Mortimer, Countess of Cambridge
Married to: Richard of Conisburgh, Earl of Cambridge; 1408–1411.
 File:Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York (Variant).svg  | Richard of York, Duke of York
*Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of three points Argent each point charged with three torteaux Gules*
Originator of the claim of the House of York to the throne, by combining the claims of Clarence (from his mother) and York (from his father).

#### Descendants of Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York

Originator of the claim of the House of York to the throne.
 File:Arms of Cecily Neville, Duchess of York.svg | Cecily Neville, Duchess of York
Married to: Richard of York, Duke of York; 1429–1460.

 File:Arms of Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence.svg | Richard, Duke of Gloucester(later King Richard III)

##### Descendants of Edward IV of England

Declared king in 1461, usurping the crown from the weak King Henry VI.
 File:Arms of Elizabeth Woodville.svg | Elizabeth Woodville | 1437–1492
Married to: Sir John Grey; 1452–1461.
Married to: King Edward IV; 1464–1483.

 File:Arms of Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York.svg | Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York
 File:Arms of Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount Lisle.svg | Arthur Plantagenet, Viscount Lisle
Imprisoned in 1540 at the orders of King Henry VIII for treason. Died two days after receiving the news he was to be released.

##### Descendants of George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence

 File:Arms of Isabel Neville, Duchess of Clarence.svg | Isabel Neville, Duchess of Clarence
Married to: George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence; 1469–1476.

Married to: Sir Richard Pole; 1487–1505?.
Matriarch of the Pole family; mother of Cardinal Reginald Pole, later Archbishop of Canterbury.
Executed in 1541 at the orders of King Henry VIII for treason.
 File:Arms of Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick.svg | Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Warwick
Nominated heir of King Richard III in 1484.
Executed in 1499 at the orders of King Henry VII for treason.
Last legitimate male-line member of the House of Plantagenet.

##### Descendants of Richard III of England

Defeated and killed at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, fighting against Henry Tudor, later King Henry VII.
 File:Arms of Anne Neville.svg File:Arms of Anne Neville (Variant).svg | Anne Neville | 1456–1485
*Gules, a saltire Argent*
Married to: Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales; 1470–1471.
Married to: King Richard III; 1472–1485.
Anne sometimes bore her father, Warwick the Kingmaker's, full achievement, however at other times she also bore the arms of Neville without difference.

Died at age 10 in 1484, Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Warwick nominated heir in his place.

## House of Beaufort

<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  Monarchs
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  Paternal descent
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  Maternal descent
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  Consorts
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  Illegitimate descent
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  Collaterals

### Descendants of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset

*Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, within a bordure componée Argent and Azure*
 File:Arms of Margaret Holland, Countess of Somerset.svg | Margaret Holland, Countess of Somerset
Married to: John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset; 1399–1410
Married to: Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence; 1411–1421

 File:Arms of Margaret Beauchamp.svg | Margaret Beauchamp | 1406–1482
Married to: Sir Oliver St John, of Bletsoe; 1425–1437.
Married to: John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset; 1439–1444.
Married to: Lionel de Welles, Baron Welles; 1447–1461.

*Quarterly, France moderne and England, a bordure Azure charged alternatively with fleurs de lys and martlets Or, impaling, Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, within a bordure componée Argent and Azure*
Married to: Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond; 1455–1456.
Married to: Sir Henry Stafford; 1462–1471.
Half brother to King Henry VI, legitimated by Parliament in 1453.

*Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England*
Defeats King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, claims the throne as King Henry VII.
 File:Arms of Elizabeth of York (Princess).svg File:Arms of Elizabeth of York.svg | Elizabeth of York | 1466–1503
Married to: King Henry VII; 1486–1503.
Heiress of the House of York.

## See also

[[{{{articlename}}}|     ]]
[[Image:{{{image}}}|100px|{{{articlename}}}]]

* Royal arms of England
* House of Plantagenet
* Issue of Edward III of England
* House of Lancaster
* House of York
* House of Beaufort
* War of the Roses

## References

**Citations**

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Brooke-Little 1978, pp. 205–222.
2. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 14.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 20.
4. ↑ Fox-Davies 1978, pp. 173.
5. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 21.
6. ↑ Holroyd, Graham (2000). "The Earliest Known Depiction of the Royal Arms of England?". *Coat of Arms* **192**. https://www.theheraldrysociety.com/articles/the-earliest-known-depiction-of-the-royal-arms-of-england/.
.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Ailes 1982, pp. 52–53, 64–74.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 24.
9. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 25.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 26.
11. ↑ Ailes 1982, pp. 52–53.
12. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 27.
13. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 28.
14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 30.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 32.
16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 33.
17. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 34.
18. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 35.
19. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 38.
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 48.
21. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 40.
22. ↑ Louda & Maclagan 1981, p. 19
23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 45.
24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 46.
25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 49.
26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 50.
27. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 52.
28. ↑ Baynes & Smith 1880, p. 689.
29. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 55.
30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 59.
31. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 60.
32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 62.
33. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 63.
34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 65.
35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 35.4 35.5 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 66.
36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 77.
37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 78.
38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 103.
39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 69.
40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 70.
41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 86.
42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 42.4 42.5 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 81.
43. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 84.
44. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 85.
45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 87.
46. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 89.
47. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 94.
48. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 91.
49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 92.
50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 95.
51. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 97.
52. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 99.
53. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 100.
54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 104.
55. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 105.
56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 56.3 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 106.
57. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 113.
58. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 108.
59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 59.2 59.3 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 110.
60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 60.2 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 122.
61. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 114.
62. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 117.
63. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 134.
64. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 121.
65. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 119.
66. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 120.
67. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 111.
68. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 116.
69. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 124.
70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 70.2 70.3 70.4 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 82.
71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 71.2 Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 127.
72. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 132.
73. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 133.
74. ↑ Pinches & Pinches 1974, p. 134.
75. ↑ Burke 1914, p. 207.
76. ↑ Gurney 1890, p. 55.
77. ↑ Quartering based on the arms in the 16th century portrait of Worcester (*Portrait of William Somerset, 3rd Earl of Worcester* 2018)
78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 Robinson 2004. sfn error: no target: CITEREFRobinson2004 (help)

**Bibliography**

* <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Ailes, Adrian (1982), *The Origins of The Royal Arms of England*, Reading: Graduate Center for Medieval Studies, University of Reading, ISBN 0704907763
* Baynes, T. S.; Smith, W.R., eds (1880). "Heraldry". *Encyclopædia Britannica*. **11** (9th ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 689. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Encyclop%C3%A6dia\_Britannica%2C\_Ninth\_Edition%2C\_v.\_11.djvu/page723-1024px-Encyclop%C3%A6dia\_Britannica%2C\_Ninth\_Edition%2C\_v.\_11.djvu.jpg.

* <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Brooke-Little, J.P., FSA (1978) [1950], *Boutell's Heraldry* (Revised ed.), London: Frederick Warne LTD, ISBN 0-7232-2096-4
* <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Burke, John (1914), *Burke's genealogical and heraldic history of peerage, baronetage and knightage*, New York: G.P.Putnam's Sons, p. 207.
* <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Portrait of William Somerset, 3rd Earl of Worcester", *Wikimedia Commons*, 13 July 2018
* <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Fox-Davies, Arthur (1978) [1909], *Complete Guide to Heraldry* (Revised ed.), New York: Bonanza Books, ISBN 1602390010
* <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Gurney, E. Henry (1890), *Reference handbook for readers, students, and teachers of English history*, Boston: Ginn & Company, p. 55
* <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Louda, Jiří; Maclagan, Michael (1981), *Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe*, United States of America: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc., ISBN 0517545586
* <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Pinches, John Harvey; Pinches, Rosemary (1974), *The Royal Heraldry of England*, Heraldry Today, Slough, Buckinghamshire: Hollen Street Press, ISBN 0-900455-25-X