Wow air

Iceland's geographic position has made it an attractive stopover point for flights across the Atlantic. In the 1960s, flag carrier Icelandair established a stopover program to encourage tourism that continues to this day. Icelandic Airlines, also known as Loftleiðir and remembered by the nicknames "Hippie Airline" and "Hippie Express", also used this approach along with a number of expense-lowering measures to become one of the first low-cost transatlantic carriers before it merged to form Icelandair. The collapse of the króna due to the Icelandic financial crisis in 2008 and the publicity brought by the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull to its natural features led to a significant rise in tourism in the country.

WOW air was founded by Icelandic entrepreneur Skúli Mogensen, who previously had an extensive business background largely in technology and telecoms in Iceland, Europe, and North America. The sole owner of WOW air was Titan, an investment company owned by Mogensen, who was the company CEO and sat on the five-person board of directors. Mogensen cited a gap in the low-cost aviation market with regards to Iceland, and aimed to make it a major international transit point, repeatedly stating throughout that airline's history that he wanted Iceland to become "the Dubai of the north". According to him, the airline's name was chosen to signify his feelings toward Iceland and also because it reads "MOM" when the letters are turned upside down. Booking was opened 24 November 2011, with the airline planning to serve 12 destinations in Europe upon its operational launch the next summer.

The airline's first service, from Keflavík to Paris Charles de Gaulle, was flown on 31 May 2012. In October 2012, WOW air acquired Iceland Express's operations and network. Iceland Express operated to several destinations in Europe and North America using leased equipment. At the end of October 2012, following the acquisition of its operations, flights to Gatwick and Copenhagen saw frequency increases, services to Berlin, Kaunas (which was later dropped again), Salzburg and Warsaw had begun.

The airline carried over 400,000 passengers in 2013 and reached its one millionth passenger in December 2014.

From 2015, WOW air started expanding into North America, serving first the U.S., then Canada starting in May 2016. Flights to Los Angeles and San Francisco began in June 2016 using two Airbus A330-300 planes leased from Air Europa. WOW air's annual passenger capacity more than doubled in 2016 to over 1.6 million, from approximately 740,000 in 2015.

## Criticism of pricing claims

In 2017, Wow Air was accused of spreading false claims through churnalism, after several media outlets reported its claim that it would fly passengers from London Stansted to New York for £99, which it said was below cost. A flight leg priced at £99 was only available as part of a significantly more expensive return flight.

## Peak, financial difficulties and takeover talks (2017-2018)

Despite a 58% increase in revenue from the past year, WOW air experienced a loss in 2017 after two profitable years. Although a contemporary analysis from the Aviation Week Network pinned the results on overexpansion, the airline didn't relent, reaching a high of 36 destinations in its network by 2018. Third quarter results that year showed a similar pattern, with increased revenues being counteracted by a larger loss margin. These issues were compunded with an increasing reputation for poor customer service. On 5 November 2018, it was announced that Icelandair Group, the holding company of rival carrier Icelandair, would acquire the entire share capital of WOW air, subject to shareholder approval; the two airlines would continue to operate under separate names. Together, Icelandair and WOW air have a share of around 3.8% of the transatlantic market. On 27 November 2018, WOW air announced that it had returned four aircraft to their lessors as a sale and lease back offer fell through and the company's financial situation worsened due to stricter demands by suppliers and contractors. The four returned aircraft (two Airbus A320s and two A330s) are owned by the same company that was supposed to deliver four Airbus A330neos to WOW air. On 29 November, Icelandair abandoned its takeover plans as the pre-conditions of the shareholders meeting were unlikely to be met.

The same day, Indigo Partners, which has stakes in several ultra low-cost carriers, reached a preliminary agreement to buy WOW air. Shortly after, WOW air announced major adjustments to its operations: the staff was reduced by 360 down to about 1,000, a further five aircraft (four Airbus A321s and the remaining A330) were to be phased out and the A330neos ordered would be cancelled. WOW air thus ended its routes to Delhi, Los Angeles, San Francisco (which was seasonal) and Vancouver (which was to be introduced as a seasonal route in 2019). In January 2019, WOW air disclosed that Indigo's investment would initially correspond to a 49% shareholding, with the option to increase at a later date. However, by March 2019, Indigo Partners withdrew its investment proposal and WOW air briefly but unsuccessfully resumed talks with Icelandair Group, but after Icelandair examined WOW's finances, they quickly dismissed the proposals. On 25 March 2019, the day after talks with Icelandair ceased, several WOW air flights were cancelled, fueling speculation as to the airline's fate. The airline attributed the cancellations to a technical failure and its knock-on effects, although two planes were immobilised after being repossessed by the lessor.

On 26 March 2019, WOW air announced the conversion of bonds into equity and ongoing discussions with bondholders to secure the company's sustainability. The following day, the company postponed all flights scheduled for 28 March "until documentation with all parties involved have been finalised."

## End of operations (2019)

On 28 March 2019, WOW air announced that it was ceasing operations. All flights were cancelled and thousands of stranded passengers were advised to book flights with other airlines. The founder of the company, Skúli Mogensen, has spoken of a possible resurrection of the airline with a new, slow-growth business plan, if he receives the $40 million he needs. He plans to re-launch the company with 5 brand new Airbus A321neos. WOW air's website has since been taken down and replaced by a static update page.

Due to the market share of WOW air on the Icelandic air travel market, the airline's bankruptcy caused some disruption in the travel plans of multiple expected visitors. The loss of flights harmed Iceland's tourism and fishing-dependent economy and caused an increase in unemployment; the airline previously delivered over one fourth of all visitors to Iceland, and its failure caused tourist visits to drop 16 percent overall and 20 percent from the United States, prompting a decline in vacation home and hotel construction.

### Potential successor airlines

#### WAB air, PLAY

Main article: PLAY

In July 2019, former WOW air executives announced their intention to form a new airline, tentatively named **WAB air** ("We Are Back"), aiming to operate six aircraft to 14 destinations across Europe and the US. The new company applied for an air operator's certificate from the Icelandic Transport Authority. In November 2019, WAB air was renamed as **PLAY**.

#### WOW air (USAerospace Associates)

On 6 September 2019, USAerospace Associates chairman Michele Ballarin announced that the company had acquired WOW air's assets and would launch flights in October 2019 between Washington Dulles International Airport and Iceland using a United States air operator's certificate. Ballarin did not disclose the price that USAerospace paid for WOW air's estate, but said that the purchase included uniforms, computers and marketing material. Ballarin expressed confidence in the WOW air brand and claimed that US$85 million would be spent to begin operations. WOW air would hire Icelandic staff and would initially operate two aircraft, with plans to expand to 10–12 in the near future. Both Airbus and Boeing aircraft would be used, and the airline would offer both passenger and cargo service, possibly transporting seafood from Iceland to the United States.

As of 17 September 2019, USAerospace Associates had not stated a firm inaugural service date, and neither Dulles nor Keflavík airport would confirm that the company had made arrangements to use airport facilities. Additionally, no application for an air operator's certificate had been filed with the United States Department of Transportation, although observers conceded that the company could begin flights under an existing airline's certificate.

As of 8 October, USAerospace Associates intended to start ticket sales in November and flights in December, though it did not give any details of schedules or destinations. The company noted that the recent failures of a number of carriers meant that more used aircraft were on the market. On 28 October, an airline spokesperson said that WOW air would initially transport cargo only, but intends to "eventually" offer passenger service to mainland Europe.

On 28 February 2020, WOW Air announced on social media that it would be "landing soon in Rome and Sicily" and commencing passenger and cargo operations "in the very near future". WOW Italy would be a part of "WOW World". Giuseppe Cataldo would be the director of the Italian entity.