Artificial intelligence

**Ai (Artificial intelligence)** Is a computing idea in which a computer or machine acts by itself in a manor that resembles human intelligence, Machines that utilize AI are very advanced and the tech is currently in its infancy.

## History

Earliest examples of **Artificial intelligence** Originate within fiction, An early example being Mary Shelley's *Frankenstein ,* In which a scientist imbues an artificial being with intelligence and explores the **Ethics of creating new life.**

It Would not be until the early 1900s however when the concept of a computerized intelligence began to flourish with notable individuals such as mathematician **Alan Turing** Creating some of the baseline ideas for an Artificial intelligence Such as Turing's theory of computation in which Turing hypnosis's that any machine by simply shuffling symbols (Such as binary numbers "0" and "1") could simulate any act of mathematical deduction.

In 1956 a Cognitive scientist named **Marvin Minsky** Coined the term **Artificial intelligence** during his time at Dartmouth college while taking part in a workshop named **Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence** (Also referred to as simply the Dartmouth workshop) The workshop is widely accepted to be the first real study and use of artificial intelligence in history, Its members (Who went on to be regarded as the founders and leaders of AI Research) create several revolutionary programs, some examples were a computer learning to play chess strategies and solving word problems in algebra

This would continue in a large period of research into AI Which led to some rather overzealous predictions such as when **Herbert Simon** predicted in 1965 that "machines will be capable, within twenty years, of doing any work a man can do". or when Minsky predicted in 1967 "within a generation … the problem of creating 'artificial intelligence' will substantially be solved" however starting slowing following the 1960s and by 1974 following the **Lighthill report** (A document commissioned to see how far research on Ai had gotten since its initial funding) and a push by congress in the us to fund more worthwhile projects both the U.S. and British governments cut off funding for exploratory research in AI which led to the period now called the "AI Winter".

By the 1980s AI Research received a brief revival following the success of **expert systems** ( a type of AI program that simulated the knowledge and skills of human experts) By 1985, the market for AI had reached over a billion dollars. At the same time, **Japan's fifth generation computer project** inspired the U.S and British governments to restore funding for academic research. However the failure of the **Lisp Machine** market in 1987, led to AI research Slowing once again, and a second, longer-lasting winter began.

It would take until the 1990s for AI To finally become a funded and regular part of the world as researchers focused on more specific solutions to specific problems and by 2000 solutions developed by AI researchers were being widely used, although in the 1990s they weren't often described as "artificial intelligence"

## Uses

AI Is used in many areas of the modern world such as:

* Search engines
* Targeting online advertisements
* Recommendation systems (like Netflix, YouTube or Amazon
* Driving internet traffic
* Targeted advertising (AdSense, Facebook),
* Virtual assistants (like Siri or Alexa),
* Autonomous vehicles (including drones and self-driving cars)
* Automatic language translation (Microsoft Translator, Google Translate
* Facial recognition
* Image labeling
* Spam filtering.