Blue Monday (date)

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This article is about a Monday in late January. For other uses, see Blue Monday.
**Blue Monday** is a name given to a day in January (typically the third Monday of the month) reported to be the most depressing day of the year for countries in the Northern Hemisphere. The concept was first publicised as part of a 2005 press release from holiday company Sky Travel, which claimed to have calculated the date using an equation.

The idea is considered pseudoscience, with its formula derided by scientists as nonsensical.

## History

This date was published in a press release under the name of Cliff Arnall, at the time a tutor at the Centre for Lifelong Learning, a Further Education centre attached to Cardiff University. *Guardian* columnist Dr. Ben Goldacre reported that the press release was delivered substantially pre-written to a number of academics by public relations agency Porter Novelli, who offered them money to put their names to it. The Guardian later printed a statement from Cardiff University distancing themselves from Arnall: "Cardiff University has asked us to point out that Cliff Arnall... was a former part-time tutor at the university but left in February."

Variations of the story have been repeatedly reused by other companies in press releases, with 2014 seeing Blue Monday invoked by legal firms and retailers of bottled water and alcoholic drinks. Some versions of the story purport to analyse trends in social media posts to calculate the date.

## Date

The date is generally reported as falling on the third Monday in January, but also on the second or fourth Monday, or the Monday of the last full week of January. The first such date declared was 24 January in 2005 as part of a Sky Travel press release.

### Calculation

Arnall has said the date was devised to help a travel company to "analyze when people book holidays and holiday trends" and used many factors, including: weather conditions, debt level (the difference between debt accumulated and our ability to pay), time since Christmas, time since failing our new year’s resolutions, low motivational levels and feeling of a need to take action. One equation used by Arnall in 2006 was:

(
C
×
R
×
Z
Z
)

(
(
T
t
D
)
×
S
t
)

(
P
×
P
r
)
>
400

{\displaystyle {\frac {(C\times R\times ZZ)}{((Tt+D)\times St)}}+(P\times Pr)>400}

where Tt = travel time; D = delays; C = time spent on cultural activities; R = time spent relaxing; ZZ = time spent sleeping; St = time spent in a state of stress; P = time spent packing; Pr = time spent in preparation. Units of measurement are not defined.

The 2005 press release and a 2009 press release used a different formula:

[
W
(
D
−
d
)
]
×

T

Q

M
×

N

a

{\displaystyle {\frac {[W+(D-d)]\times T^{Q}}{M\times N\_{a}}}}

where W=weather, D=debt, d=monthly salary, T=time since Christmas, Q=time since failing our new year’s resolutions, M=low motivational levels, and Na=the feeling of a need to take action. Again, no units were defined.

Ben Goldacre has observed that the equations "fail even to make mathematical sense on their own terms", pointing out that under Arnall's original equation, packing for ten hours and preparing for 40 will always guarantee a good holiday, and that "you can have an infinitely good weekend by staying at home and cutting your travel time to zero". Dean Burnett, a neuroscientist who has worked in the psychology department of Cardiff University, has described the work as "farcical", with "nonsensical measurements".

### Happiest day

Arnall also says, in a press release commissioned by Wall's ice cream, that he has calculated the happiest day of the year—in 2005, 24 June, in 2006, 23 June, in 2007, 20 June in 2009, 19 June, and in 2010, 18 June. So far, this date has fallen close to Midsummer in the Northern Hemisphere (June 21 to 24).

## References

1. ↑ Dean Burnett (16 January 2012). "Blue Monday: a depressing day of pseudoscience and humiliation". *The Guardian*. London. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Goldacre, Ben (16 December 2006). "MS = media slut, but CW = corporate whore". *The Guardian*. London. Retrieved 21 January 2008.
3. ↑ Goldacre, Ben (18 November 2006). "How GxPxIxC = selling out to your corporate sponsor". *The Guardian*. London. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Snopes: Blues Druthers". *Snopes*. 14 January 2015. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Burnett, Dean (19 January 2015). "Blue Monday: is it really the most depressing day of the year?". *The Guardian*. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
6. ↑ Webb, Sam (5 January 2014). "Feeling glum? Well it is Blue Monday: Rain, debt and divorce make it worst day of the year". Daily Mail. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Jan. 24 called worst day of the year". MSNBC. 24 January 2005. Retrieved 13 March 2007.
8. ↑ "Campaign aims to help ease January blues British public urged to 'Beat Blue Monday'". www.mentalhealth.org.uk. 13 January 2009. Archived from the original on 21 February 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2009.
9. ↑ Burnett, Dean (21 January 2013). "Blue Monday: a depressing day of nonsense science (again)". *The Guardian*. London. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
10. ↑ "It's the happiest day of the year, formula shows". CTV.ca. 23 June 2006. Retrieved 13 July 2007.
11. ↑ "Cheer up for year's happiest day". BBC. 24 June 2005. Retrieved 13 March 2007.
12. ↑ "Smile, it's the happiest day of the year". *China Daily*. 23 June 2006. Retrieved 13 March 2007.
13. ↑ Smith, Rebecca (20 June 2008). "Today is the happiest day of the year according to Cliff Arnall's maths formula". *The Daily Telegraph*. London. Retrieved 20 June 2008.
14. ↑ "Here comes the sum... Algebra 'proves' how holiday hopes, heat and high spirits make today the year's happiest". *Daily Mail*. London. 19 June 2009. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
15. ↑ Grant, Alistair (18 June 2010). "Happiness is, today, claims maths equation". *Irish Examiner*. Cork. Retrieved 18 June 2010.

## External links

* BBC pages referencing Blue Monday 2005 2009 2012