List of mammals of North America

North American animals Wiki list articleTemplate:SHORTDESC:North American animals Wiki list article
This is a **list of North American mammals**. It includes all mammals currently found in the United States, St. Pierre and Miquelon, Canada, Greenland, Bermuda, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean region, whether resident or as migrants. This article does not include species found only in captivity. Mammal species which became extinct in the last 10,000 to 13,000 years are also included in this article. Each species is listed, with its binomial name. Most established introduced species occurring across multiple states and provinces are also noted.

Some species are identified as indicated below:

* (A) = **Accidental**: occurrence based on one or a few records, and unlikely to occur regularly
* (E) = **Extinct**: died out between 13,000 years ago and the present
* (Ex) = **Extirpated**: no longer occurs in area of interest, but other populations exist elsewhere
* (I) = **Introduced**: population established solely as result of direct or indirect human intervention; synonymous with non-native and non-indigenous

Conservation status - IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

**EX** - extinct, **EW** - extinct in the wild
**CR** - critically endangered, **EN** - endangered, **VU** - vulnerable
**NT** - near threatened, **LC** - least concern
**DD** - data deficient, **NE** - not evaluated
(v. 2013.2, the data is current as of March 5, 2014)
and Endangered Species Act:

**E** - endangered, **T** - threatened
**XN**, **XE** - experimental non essential or essential population
**E(S/A)**, **T(S/A)** - endangered or threatened due to similarity of appearance
(selected only taxa found in the US, the data is current as of March 28, 2014)

## Opossums

### Didelphidae

* Common opossum, *Didelphis marsupialis* **LC**
* Virginia opossum, *Didelphis virginiana*  **LC**
* Derby's woolly opossum, *Caluromys derbianus* **LC**
* Bare-tailed woolly opossum, *Caluromys philander* **LC**
* Water opossum, *Chironectes minimus* **LC**
* Alston's mouse opossum, *Marmosa alstoni* **LC**
* Isthmian mouse opossum, *Marmosa isthmica*
* Mexican mouse opossum, *Marmosa mexicana* **LC**
* Linnaeus's mouse opossum, *Marmosa murina* **LC**
* Robinson's mouse opossum, *Marmosa robinsoni* **LC**
* Dusky slender opossum, *Marmosops fuscatus* **DD**
* Panama slender opossum, *Marmosops invictus* **LC**
* Brown four-eyed opossum, *Metachirus nudicaudatus* **LC**
* Sepia short-tailed opossum, *Monodelphis adusta* **LC**
* Gray four-eyed opossum, *Philander opossum* **LC**
* Grayish mouse opossum, *Tlacuatzin canescens* **LC**

## Armadillos

### Dasypodidae

* Beautiful armadillo, *Dasypus bellus* (E)
* Nine-banded armadillo, *Dasypus novemcinctus*  **LC**

### Cabassous

* Northern naked-tailed armadillo, *Cabassous centralis* **DD**

### Chlamyphoridae

* American glyptodont, *Glyptotherium floridanum* (E)

### Pampatheriidae

* American giant armadillo, *Holmesina septentrionalis* (E)

## Anteaters and tamanduas

### Cyclopedidae

* Common silky anteater, *Cyclopes didactylus* **LC**
* Central American silky anteater, *Cyclopes dorsalis* **NE**

### Myrmecophaga

* Giant anteater, *Myrmecophaga tridactyla* **VU**

### Tamanduas

* Northern tamandua, *Tamandua mexicana* **LC**
* Southern tamandua, *Tamandua tetradactyla* **LC**

## Sloths

### Megalonychidae

* Jefferson ground sloth, *Megalonyx jeffersonii*  (E)

### Bradypus

* Pygmy three-toed sloth, *Bradypus pygmaeus* **CR**
* Brown-throated sloth, *Bradypus variegatus* **LC**

### Choloepus

* Hoffmann's two-toed sloth, *Choloepus hoffmanni* **LC**

### Megatheriidae

* American giant ground sloth, *Eremotherium laurillardi* (E)

### Mylodontidae

* Harlan's ground sloth, *Paramylodon harlani* (E)

### Nothrotheriidae

* Shasta ground sloth, *Nothrotheriops shastensis*  (E)

## Rodents

### Echimyidae

* Haitian edible rat, *Brotomys contractus* **EX** (E)
* Oriente cave rat, *Boromys offella* **EX** (E)
* Torre's cave rat, *Boromys torrei* **EX** (E)
* Hispaniolan edible rat, *Brotomys voratus* **EX** (E)
* Rufous soft-furred spiny-rat, *Diplomys labilis* **LC**
* Antillean cave rat, *Heteropsomys antillensis* (E)
* Insular cave rat, *Heteropsomys insulans* (E) **EX**
* Armored rat, *Hoplomys gymnurus* **LC**
* Brazilian spiny tree-rat, *Makalata didelphoides* **LC**
* Tome's spiny-rat, *Proechimys semispinosus* **LC**
* Trinidad spiny rat, *Proechimys trinitatis* **LC**

### Aplodontiidae

* Mountain beaver, *Aplodontia rufa*  **LC**

(ssp. *A. r. nigra*: **E**)
### Beavers

* North American beaver, *Castor canadensis*  **LC**
* Giant beaver, *Castoroides ohioensis*  (E)

### Jumping mice

* Woodland jumping mouse, *Napaeozapus insignis*  **LC**
* Meadow jumping mouse, *Zapus hudsonius*  **LC**

(Preble's meadow jumping mouse, *Z. h. preblei*: **T**)
* Western jumping mouse, *Zapus princeps*  **LC**
* Pacific jumping mouse, *Zapus trinotatus*  **LC**

### Porcupines

* Mexican hairy dwarf porcupine, *Coendou mexicanus* **LC**
* Brazilian porcupine, *Coendou prehensilis* **LC**
* Andean porcupine, *Coendou quichua* **DD**
* North American porcupine, *Erethizon dorsatum*  **LC**

### Capybaras

* Lesser capybara, *Hydrochoerus isthmius* **DD**
* Pinckney's capybara, *Neochoerus pinckneyi* (E)
* Holmes's capybara, *Neochoerus aesopi* (E)

### Heptaxodontidae

* Blunt-toothed giant hutia, *Amblyrhiza inundata* (E)
* Osborn's key mouse, *Clidomys osborni* (E)
* Plate-toothed giant hutia, *Elasmodontomys obliquus* (E)
* Twisted-toothed mouse, *Quemisia gravis* (E)

### Dasyproctidae

* Coiban agouti, *Dasyprocta coibae* **VU**
* Red-rumped agouti, *Dasyprocta leporina* **LC**
* Mexican agouti, *Dasyprocta mexicana* **CR**
* Central American agouti, *Dasyprocta punctata* **LC**
* Ruatan Island agouti, *Dasyprocta ruatanica* **EN**

### Capromyidae

* Desmarest's hutia, *Capromys pilorides* **LC**
* Jamaican coney, *Geocapromys brownii* **EN**
* Cuban coney, *Geocapromys columbianus* (E) **EX**
* Bahamian hutia, *Geocapromys ingrahami* **VU**
* Little Swan Island hutia, *Geocapromys thoracatus* (E)
* Imposter hutia, *Hexolobodon phenax* (E) **EX**
* Montane hutia, *Isolobodon montanus* (E) **EX**
* Puerto Rican hutia, *Isolobodon portoricensis* (E) **EX**
* Hispaniolan hutia, *Plagiodontia aedium* **EN**
* Wide-toothed hutia, *Plagiodontia araeum* (E)
* Samaná hutia, *Plagiodontia ipnaeum* (E)
* Cabrera's hutia, *Mesocapromys angelcabrerai* **CR**
* Eared hutia, *Mesocapromys auritus* **EN**
* Dwarf hutia, *Mesocapromys nanus* **CR**
* San Felipe hutia, *Mesocapromys sanfelipensis* **CR**
* Garrido's hutia, *Mysateles garridoi* **CR**
* Gundlach's hutia, *Mysateles gundlachi* **VU**
* Black-tailed hutia, *Mysateles melanurus* **VU**
* Isla De La Juventud tree hutia, *Mysateles meridionalis* **CR**
* Prehensile-tailed hutia, *Mysateles prehensilis* **NT**
* Lemke's hutia, *Rhizoplagiodontia lemkei* (E)

### Geomyidae

There has been much debate among taxonomists about which races of pocket gopher should be recognized as full species, and the following list cannot be regarded as definitive.

* Yellow-faced pocket gopher, *Cratogeomys castanops*  **LC**
* Oriental Basin pocket gopher, *Cratogeomys fulvescens* **LC**
* Smoky pocket gopher, *Cratogeomys fumosus* **LC**
* Goldman's pocket gopher, *Cratogeomys goldmani* **LC**
* Merriam's pocket gopher, *Cratogeomys merriami* **LC**
* Perote pocket gopher, *Cratogeomys perotensis* **LC**
* Desert pocket gopher, *Geomys arenarius*  **NT**
* Attwater's pocket gopher, *Geomys attwateri*  **LC**
* Baird's pocket gopher, *Geomys breviceps*  **LC**
* Plains pocket gopher, *Geomys bursarius*  **LC**
* Knox Jones's pocket gopher, *Geomys knoxjonesi*  **LC**
* Texas pocket gopher, *Geomys personatus*  **LC**
* Southeastern pocket gopher, *Geomys pinetis*  **LC**
* Llano pocket gopher, *Geomys texensis*  **LC**
* Tropical pocket gopher, *Geomys tropicalis* **CR**
* Chiriqui pocket gopher, *Orthogeomys cavator* **LC**
* Cherrie's pocket gopher, *Orthogeomys cherriei* **NT**
* Oaxacan pocket gopher, *Orthogeomys cuniculus* **DD**
* Darien pocket gopher, *Orthogeomys dariensis* **LC**
* Giant pocket gopher, *Orthogeomys grandis* **LC**
* Variable pocket gopher, *Orthogeomys heterodus* **NT**
* Hispid pocket gopher, *Orthogeomys hispidus* **LC**
* Big pocket gopher, *Orthogeomys lanius* **CR**
* Underwood's pocket gopher, *Orthogeomys underwoodi* **LC**
* Botta's pocket gopher, *Thomomys bottae*  **LC**
* Camas pocket gopher, *Thomomys bulbivorus*  **LC**
* Wyoming pocket gopher, *Thomomys clusius*  **LC**
* Idaho pocket gopher, *Thomomys idahoensis*  **LC**
* Mazama pocket gopher, *Thomomys mazama*  **LC**
* Mountain pocket gopher, *Thomomys monticola*  **LC**
* Northern pocket gopher, *Thomomys talpoides*  **LC**
* Townsend's pocket gopher, *Thomomys townsendii*  **LC**
* Southern pocket gopher, *Thomomys umbrinus*  **LC**
* Alcorn's pocket gopher, *Pappogeomys alcorni* **CR**
* Buller's pocket gopher, *Pappogeomys bulleri* **LC**
* Michoacan pocket gopher, *Zygogeomys trichopus* **EN**

### Heteromyidae

* Ord's kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys ordii*  **LC**
* Gulf Coast kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys compactus*  **LC**
* San Quintin kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys gravipes* **CR**
* Chisel-toothed kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys microps*  **LC**
* Nelson's kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys nelsoni* **LC**
* Panamint kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys panamintinus*  **LC**
* Phillips's kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys phillipsii* **LC**
* Stephens's kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys stephensi*  **EN** **E**
* Narrow-faced kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys venustus*  **LC**
* Heermann's kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys heermanni*  **LC**

(Morro Bay kangaroo rat, *D. h. morroensis*: **E**)
* California kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys californicus*  **LC**
* Giant kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys ingens*  **EN** **E**
* Banner-tailed kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys spectabilis*  **NT**
* Texas kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys elator*  **VU**
* Merriam's kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys merriami*  **LC**

(San Bernardino kangaroo rat, *D. m. parvus*: **E**)
* Fresno kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys nitratoides*  **VU**

(Fresno subspecies *D. n. exilis* and Tipton kangaroo rat, *D. n. nitratoides*: **E**)
* Desert kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys deserti*  **LC**
* Dulzura kangaroo rat, *Dipodomys simulans*  **LC**
* Panamanian spiny pocket mouse, *Heteromys adspersus* **NT**
* Trinidad spiny pocket mouse, *Heteromys anomalus* **LC**
* Southern spiny pocket mouse, *Heteromys australis* **LC**
* Desmarest's spiny pocket mouse, *Heteromys desmarestianus* **LC**
* Gaumer's spiny pocket mouse, *Heteromys gaumeri* **LC**
* Mexican spiny pocket mouse, *Heteromys irroratus*  **LC**
* Nelson's spiny pocket mouse, *Heteromys nelsoni* **EN**
* Painted spiny pocket mouse, *Heteromys pictus* **LC**
* Salvin's spiny pocket mouse, *Heteromys salvini* **LC**
* Jaliscan spiny pocket mouse, *Heteromys spectabilis* **EN**
* Dark kangaroo mouse, *Microdipodops megacephalus*  **LC**
* Pale kangaroo mouse, *Microdipodops pallidus*  **LC**
* White-eared pocket mouse, *Perognathus alticola*  **EN**
* Arizona pocket mouse, *Perognathus amplus*  **LC**
* Olive-backed pocket mouse, *Perognathus fasciatus*  **LC**
* Plains pocket mouse, *Perognathus flavescens*  **LC**
* Silky pocket mouse, *Perognathus flavus*  **LC**
* San Joaquin pocket mouse, *Perognathus inornatus*  **LC**
* Little pocket mouse, *Perognathus longimembris*  **LC**

(Pacific pocket mouse, *P. l. pacificus*: **E**)
* Merriam's pocket mouse, *Perognathus merriami*  **LC**
* Columbia Plateau pocket mouse, *Perognathus parvus*  **LC**
* Little desert pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus arenarius* **LC**
* Narrow-skulled pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus artus* **LC**
* Bailey's pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus baileyi*  **LC**
* California pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus californicus*  **LC**
* Nelson's pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus nelsoni*  **LC**
* Dalquest's pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus dalquesti* **VU**
* Chihuahuan pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus eremicus*  **LC**
* San Diego pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus fallax*  **LC**
* Long-tailed pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus formosus*  **LC**
* Goldman's pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus goldmani* **NT**
* Hispid pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus hispidus*  **LC**
* Rock pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus intermedius*  **LC**
* Lined pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus lineatus* **DD**
* Desert pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus penicillatus*  **LC**
* Sinaloan pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus pernix* **LC**
* Baja pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus rudinoris*  **LC**
* Spiny pocket mouse, *Chaetodipus spinatus*  **LC**

### Squirrels

* Harris's antelope squirrel, *Ammospermophilus harrisii*  **LC**
* Espíritu Santo antelope squirrel, *Ammospermophilus insularis*
* Texas antelope squirrel, *Ammospermophilus interpres*  **LC**
* White-tailed antelope squirrel, *Ammospermophilus leucurus*  **LC**
* San Joaquin antelope squirrel, *Ammospermophilus nelsoni*  **EN**
* Central American dwarf squirrel, *Microsciurus alfari* **LC**
* Western dwarf squirrel, *Microsciurus mimulus* **LC**
* Abert's squirrel, *Sciurus aberti*  **LC**
* Allen's squirrel, *Sciurus alleni* **LC**
* Arizona gray squirrel, *Sciurus arizonensis*  **DD**
* Mexican gray squirrel, *Sciurus aureogaster*  **LC**
* Eastern gray squirrel, *Sciurus carolinensis*  **LC**
* Collie's squirrel, *Sciurus colliaei* **LC**
* Deppe's squirrel, *Sciurus deppei* **LC**
* Red-tailed squirrel, *Sciurus granatensis* **LC**
* Western gray squirrel, *Sciurus griseus*  **LC**
* Mexican fox squirrel, *Sciurus nayaritensis*  **LC**
* Fox squirrel, *Sciurus niger*  **LC**

(Delmarva fox squirrel, *S. n. cinereus*: **E**)
* Peters's squirrel, *Sciurus oculatus* **LC**
* Variegated squirrel, *Sciurus variegatoides* **LC**
* Yucatan squirrel, *Sciurus yucatanensis* **LC**
* Bangs's mountain squirrel, *Syntheosciurus brochus* **NT**
* Douglas squirrel, *Tamiasciurus douglasii*  **LC**
	+ Mearn's squirrel, *T. d. mearnsi* **EN**
* Southwestern red squirrel, *Tamiasciurus fremonti* **NE**

(Mount Graham red squirrel, *T. f. grahamensis*: **E**)
* North American red squirrel, *Tamiasciurus hudsonicus*  **LC**
* Northern flying squirrel, *Glaucomys sabrinus*  **LC**

(Carolina northern flying squirrel *G. s. coloratus* and Virginia northern flying squirrel *G. s. fuscus*: **E**)
* Humboldt's flying squirrel, *Glaucomys oregonensis* **NE**
* Southern flying squirrel, *Glaucomys volans*  **LC**
* Gunnison's prairie dog, *Cynomys gunnisoni*  **LC**
* White-tailed prairie dog, *Cynomys leucurus*  **LC**
* Black-tailed prairie dog, *Cynomys ludovicianus*  **LC**
* Utah prairie dog, *Cynomys parvidens*  **EN** **T**
* Mexican prairie dog, *Cynomys mexicanus* **EN**
* Alaska marmot, *Marmota broweri*  **LC**
* Hoary marmot, *Marmota caligata*  **LC**
* Yellow-bellied marmot, *Marmota flaviventris*  **LC**
* Woodchuck, *Marmota monax*  **LC**
* Olympic marmot, *Marmota olympus*  **LC**
* Vancouver Island marmot, *Marmota vancouverensis*  **CR** **E**
* Tropical ground squirrel, *Notocitellus adocetus* **LC**
* Ring-tailed ground squirrel, *Notocitellus annulatus* **LC**
* Baja California rock squirrel, *Otospermophilus atricapillus* **EN**
* California ground squirrel, *Otospermophilus beecheyi*  **LC**
* Rock squirrel, *Otospermophilus variegatus*  **LC**
* Golden-mantled ground squirrel, *Callospermophilus lateralis*  **LC**
* Sierra Madre ground squirrel, *Callospermophilus madrensis* **NT**
* Cascade golden-mantled ground squirrel, *Callospermophilus saturatus*  **LC**
* Mohave ground squirrel, *Xerospermophilus mohavensis*  **VU**
* Perote ground squirrel, *Xerospermophilus perotensis* **EN**
* Spotted ground squirrel, *Xerospermophilus spilosoma*  **LC**
* Round-tailed ground squirrel, *Xerospermophilus tereticaudus*  **LC**
* Franklin's ground squirrel, *Poliocitellus franklinii*  **LC**
* Rio Grande ground squirrel, *Ictidomys parvidens*  - split from Mexican ground squirrel, *Ictidomys mexicanus*  **LC**
* Thirteen-lined ground squirrel, *Ictidomys tridecemlineatus*  **LC**
* Uinta ground squirrel, *Urocitellus armatus*  **LC**
* Belding's ground squirrel, *Urocitellus beldingi*  **LC**
* Northern Idaho ground squirrel, *Urocitellus brunneus*  **CR**
* Southern Idaho ground squirrel, *Urocitellus endemicus*  **VU**
* Columbian ground squirrel, *Urocitellus columbianus*  **LC**
* Wyoming ground squirrel, *Urocitellus elegans*  **LC**
* Arctic ground squirrel, *Urocitellus parryii*  **LC**
* Richardson's ground squirrel, *Urocitellus richardsonii*  **LC**
* Townsend's ground squirrel, *Urocitellus townsendii*  **VU**
* Merriam's ground squirrel, *Urocitellus canus*  **LC**
* Piute ground squirrel, *Urocitellus mollis*  **LC**
* Townsend's ground squirrel, *Urocitellus townsendii* **VU**
* Washington ground squirrel, *Urocitellus washingtoni*  **NT**
* Alpine chipmunk, *Neotamias alpinus*  **LC**
* Yellow pine chipmunk, *Neotamias amoenus*  **LC**
* Buller's chipmunk, *Neotamias bulleri* **VU**
* Gray-footed chipmunk, *Neotamias canipes*  **LC**
* Gray-collared chipmunk, *Neotamias cinereicollis*  **LC**
* Cliff chipmunk, *Neotamias dorsalis*  **LC**
* Durango chipmunk, *Neotamias durangae* **LC**
* Merriam's chipmunk, *Neotamias merriami*  **LC**
* Least chipmunk, *Neotamias minimus*  **LC**
* California chipmunk, *Neotamias obscurus*  **LC**
* Yellow-cheeked chipmunk, *Neotamias ochrogenys*  **LC**
* Palmer's chipmunk, *Neotamias palmeri*  **EN**
* Panamint chipmunk, *Neotamias panamintinus*  **LC**
* Long-eared chipmunk, *Neotamias quadrimaculatus*  **LC**
* Colorado chipmunk, *Neotamias quadrivittatus*  **LC**
* Red-tailed chipmunk, *Neotamias ruficaudus*  **LC**
* Hopi chipmunk, *Neotamias rufus*  **LC**
* Allen's chipmunk, *Neotamias senex*  **LC**
* Siskiyou chipmunk, *Neotamias siskiyou*  **LC**
* Sonoma chipmunk, *Neotamias sonomae*  **LC**
* Lodgepole chipmunk, *Neotamias speciosus*  **LC**
* Eastern chipmunk, *Tamias striatus*  **LC**
* Townsend's chipmunk, *Neotamias townsendii*  **LC**
* Uinta chipmunk, *Neotamias umbrinus*  **LC**

### Cricetidae

There has been much debate among taxonomists about which races of mice and voles should be recognized as full species, and the following list cannot be regarded as definitive.

* Chinanteco deer mouse, *Habromys chinanteco* **CR**
* Delicate deer mouse, *Habromys delicatulus* **EN**
* Ixtlán deer mouse, *Habromys ixtlani* **CR**
* Zempoaltepec deer mouse, *Habromys lepturus* **CR**
* Crested-tailed deer mouse, *Habromys lophurus* **NT**
* *Habromys schmidlyi* **CR**
* Jico deer mouse, *Habromys simulatus* **EN**
* Insular vole, *Microtus abbreviatus*  **LC**
* California vole, *Microtus californicus*  **LC**

(ssp. *scirpen*: **E**)
* Gray-tailed vole, *Microtus canicaudus*  **LC**
* Rock vole, *Microtus chrotorrhinus*  **LC**
* Western meadow vole, *Microtus drummondii* **NE**
* Florida salt marsh vole, *Microtus dukecampbelli* **E**
* Guatemalan vole, *Microtus guatemalensis* **NT**
* Long-tailed vole, *Microtus longicaudus*  **LC**
* Mexican vole, *Microtus mexicanus*  **LC**
(including *M. mogollonensis*: **LC**, ssp. *hualpaiensis*: **E**) and:
	+ Mogollon vole, *Microtus mogollonensis*
* Singing vole, *Microtus miurus*  **LC**
* Montane vole, *Microtus montanus*  **LC**
* Prairie vole, *Microtus ochrogaster*  **LC**
* Tundra vole, *Microtus oeconomus*  **LC**
* Creeping vole, *Microtus oregoni*  **LC**
* Eastern meadow vole, *Microtus pennsylvanicus*  **LC**
	+ Beach vole, *M. p. breweri*  **VU**
* Woodland vole, *Microtus pinetorum*  **LC**
* Water vole, *Microtus richardsoni*  **LC**
* Townsend's vole, *Microtus townsendii*  **LC**
* Jalapan pine vole, *Microtus quasiater* **NT**
* Zempoaltépec vole, *Microtus umbrosus* **EN**
* Taiga vole, *Microtus xanthognathus*  **LC**
* Sagebrush vole, *Lemmiscus curtatus*  **LC**
* Muskrat, *Ondatra zibethicus*  **LC**
* White-footed vole, *Arborimus albipes*  **LC**
* Red tree vole, *Arborimus longicaudus*  **NT**
* California red tree mouse, *Arborimus pomo*  **NT**
* Western heather vole, *Phenacomys intermedius*  **LC**
* Eastern heather vole, *Phenacomys ungava*  **LC**
* Western red-backed vole, *Myodes californicus*  **LC**
* Southern red-backed vole, *Myodes gapperi*  **LC**
* Northern red-backed vole, *Myodes rutilus*  **LC**
* Northern bog lemming, *Synaptomys borealis*  **LC**
* Southern bog lemming, *Synaptomys cooperi*  **LC**
* Brown lemming, *Lemmus trimucronatus*  **LC**
* Round-tailed muskrat, *Neofiber alleni*  **LC**
* Northern collared lemming, *Dicrostonyx groenlandicus*  **LC**
* Ungava collared lemming, *Dicrostonyx hudsonius*  **LC**
* Richardson's collared lemming, *Dicrostonyx richardsoni*  **LC**
* Nelson's collared lemming, *Dicrostonyx nelsoni*  **LC**
* Ogilvie Mountains collared lemming, *Dicrostonyx nunatakensis*  **LC**
* Unalaska collared lemming, *Dicrostonyx unalascensis*  **DD**
* Goldman's diminutive woodrat, *Nelsonia goldmani* **EN**
* Diminutive woodrat, *Nelsonia neotomodon* **NT**
* Anthony's woodrat, *Neotoma anthonyi* (E)
* White-throated woodrat, *Neotoma albigula*  **LC**
* Bunker's woodrat, *Neotoma bunkeri* (E)
* Bushy-tailed woodrat, *Neotoma cinerea*  **LC**
* Arizona woodrat, *Neotoma devia*  **LC**
* Eastern woodrat, *Neotoma floridana*  **LC**

(Key Largo woodrat, *N. f. smalli*: **E**)
* Dusky-footed woodrat, *Neotoma fuscipes*  **LC**

(ssp. *riparia*: **E**)
* Desert woodrat, *Neotoma lepida*  **LC**
* Bryant's woodrat, *Neotoma bryanti*  **LC**
* Allegheny woodrat, *Neotoma magister*  **NT**
* San Martín Island woodrat, *Neotoma martinensis* (E)
* Mexican woodrat, *Neotoma mexicana*  **LC**
* Southern Plains woodrat, *Neotoma micropus*  **LC**
* Stephen's woodrat, *Neotoma stephensi*  **LC**
* White-toothed woodrat, *Neotoma leucodon*  **LC**
* Big-eared woodrat, *Neotoma macrotis*  **LC**
* Southern pygmy mouse, *Baiomys musculus* **LC**
* Northern pygmy mouse, *Baiomys taylori*  **LC**
* Azara's broad-headed rice rat, *Hylaeamys megacephalus* **LC**
* Tweedy's crab-eating rat, *Ichthyomys tweedii* **LC**
* Yellow isthmus rat, *Isthmomys flavidus* **LC**
* Mount Pirri isthmus rat, *Isthmomys pirrensis* **NT**
* Martinique giant rice rat, *Megalomys desmarestii* (E) **EX**
* Saint Lucia giant rice rat, *Megalomys luciae* (E) **EX**
* Painted bristly mouse, *Neacomys pictus* **DD**
* Sumichrast's vesper rat, *Nyctomys sumichrasti* **LC**
* Northern grass mouse, *Necromys urich* **LC**
* Trinidad water rat, *Nectomys palmipes* **LC**
* Golden mouse, *Ochrotomys nuttalli*  **LC**
* Savanna arboreal rice rat, *Oecomys speciosus* **LC**
* Trinidad arboreal rice rat, *Oecomys trinitatis* **LC**
* St. Vincent pygmy rice rat *Oligoryzomys victus* (E) **EX**
* *Peromyscus anayapahensis*  (E)
* California mouse, *Peromyscus californicus*  **LC**
* Cactus mouse, *Peromyscus eremicus*  **LC**
* Northern Baja deer mouse, *Peromyscus fraterculus*  **LC**
* Mesquite mouse, *Peromyscus merriami*  **LC**
* Canyon mouse, *Peromyscus crinitus*  **LC**
* Eastern deermouse, *Peromyscus maniculatus*  **LC**
* Oldfield mouse, *Peromyscus polionotus*  **LC**

(Choctawhatchee beach mouse, *P. p. allophrys*, Perdido Key beach mouse, *P. p. trissyllepsis*, St. Andrews beach mouse, *P. p. peninsularis*, Alabama beach mouse, *P. p. ammobates* and Anastasia Island beach mouse, *P. p. phasma*: **E**, Southeastern beach mouse, *P. p. niveiventris*: **T**)
* White-footed mouse, *Peromyscus leucopus*  **LC**
* Nimble-footed mouse, *Peromyscus levipes* **LC**
* Cotton mouse, *Peromyscus gossypinus*  **LC**

(ssp. *allapaticola*: **E**)
* Aztec mouse, *Peromyscus aztecus* **LC**
* Brush mouse, *Peromyscus boylii*  **LC**
* Texas mouse, *Peromyscus attwateri*  **LC**
* Big deer mouse, *Peromyscus grandis* **NT**
* Guatemalan deer mouse, *Peromyscus guatemalensis* **LC**
* Osgood's mouse, *Peromyscus gratus*  **LC**
* Naked-eared deer mouse, *Peromyscus gymnotis* **LC**
* Northwestern deer mouse, *Peromyscus keeni*  **LC**
* Black-eared mouse, *Peromyscus melanotis*  **LC**
* Mexican deer mouse, *Peromyscus mexicanus* **LC**
* Northern rock mouse, *Peromyscus nasutus*  **LC**
* Giant island deer mouse, *Peromyscus nesodytes*  (E)
* Pinyon mouse, *Peromyscus truei*  **LC**
* White-ankled mouse, *Peromyscus pectoralis*  **LC**
* La Palma field mouse, *Peromyscus sagax* **DD**
* Schmidly's deer mouse, *Peromyscus schmidlyi* **LC**
* Santa Cruz mouse, *Peromyscus sejugis* **EN**
* Nayarit mouse, *Peromyscus simulus* **VU**
* Slevin's mouse, *Peromyscus slevini* **CR**
* Gleaning mouse, *Peromyscus spicilegus* **LC**
* San Esteban Island mouse, *Peromyscus stephani* **CR**
* Winkelmann's mouse, *Peromyscus winkelmanni* **EN**
* Yucatan deer mouse, *Peromyscus yucatanicus* **LC**
* Chiapan deer mouse, *Peromyscus zarhynchus* **VU**
* Fulvous harvest mouse, *Reithrodontomys fulvescens*  **LC**
* Eastern harvest mouse, *Reithrodontomys humulis*  **LC**
* Western harvest mouse, *Reithrodontomys megalotis*  **LC**
* Plains harvest mouse, *Reithrodontomys montanus*  **LC**
* Coues's climbing mouse, *Rhipidomys couesi* **LC**
* Venezuelan climbing mouse, *Rhipidomys venezuelae* **LC**
* Salt marsh harvest mouse, *Reithrodontomys raviventris*  **EN** **E**
* Mearn's grasshopper mouse, *Onychomys arenicola*  **LC**
* Northern grasshopper mouse, *Onychomys leucogaster*  **LC**
* Southern grasshopper mouse, *Onychomys torridus*  **LC**
* Florida mouse, *Podomys floridanus*  **VU**
* Hispid cotton rat, *Sigmodon hispidus*  **LC**
* Yellow-nosed cotton rat, *Sigmodon ochrognathus*  **LC**
* Arizona cotton rat, *Sigmodon arizonae*  **LC**
* Jaliscan cotton rat, *Sigmodon mascotensis* **LC**
* Miahuatlán cotton rat, *Sigmodon planifrons* **EN**
* Toltec cotton rat, *Sigmodon toltecus* **LC**
* Bolivar rice rat, *Transandinomys bolivaris* **LC**
* Talamancan rice rat, *Transandinomys talamancae* **LC**
* Tawny-bellied cotton rat, *Sigmodon fulviventer*  **LC**
* Alston's brown mouse, *Scotinomys teguina* **LC**
* Chiriqui brown mouse, *Scotinomys xerampelinus* **LC**
* Jamaican rice rat, *Oryzomys antillarum* (E)
* Coues's rice rat, *Oryzomys couesi*  **LC**
* Common marsh rice rat, *Oryzomys palustris*  **LC** (ssp. *natator*: **E**)
* Nelson's rice rat, *Oryzomys nelsoni* (E) **EX**
* Nevis rice rat, *Pennatomys nivalis* (E) **EX**
* Chiapan climbing rat, *Tylomys bullaris* **CR**
* Fulvous-bellied climbing rat, *Tylomys fulviventer* **DD**
* Peters's climbing rat, *Tylomys nudicaudus* **LC**
* Panamanian climbing rat, *Tylomys panamensis* **DD**
* Tumbala climbing rat, *Tylomys tumbalensis* **CR**
* Watson's climbing rat, *Tylomys watsoni* **LC**
* Short-tailed cane rat, *Zygodontomys brevicauda* **LC**

## Primates

### Aotus

* Panamanian night monkey, *Aotus zonalis* **NT**
* Hispaniola monkey, *Antillothrix bernensis* (E)
* Haitian monkey, *Insulacebus toussaintiana* (E)
* *Paralouatta marianae* (E)
* *Paralouatta varonai* (E)
* Jamaican monkey, *Xenothrix mcgregori* (E) **EX**

### Howler monkeys

* Coiba Island howler, *Alouatta coibensis* **EN**
* Guyanan red howler, *Alouatta macconnelli* **LC**
* Mantled howler, *Alouatta palliata* **VU**
* Guatemalan black howler, *Alouatta pigra* **EN**

### Spider monkeys

* Black-headed spider monkey, *Ateles fusciceps* **EN**
* Geoffroy's spider monkey, *Ateles geoffroyi* **EN**

### Cebus

* Colombian white-faced capuchin, *Cebus capucinus* **EN**
* Panamanian white-faced capuchin, *Cebus imitator*

### Saguinus

* Geoffroy's tamarin, *Saguinus geoffroyi* **LC**

### Saimiri

* Central American squirrel monkey, *Saimiri oerstedii* **EN**

## Rabbits and hares

### Leporidae

* Atzlan rabbit, *Aztlanolagus agilis* (E)
* Pygmy rabbit, *Brachylagus idahoensis*  **LC** **E**
* Antelope jackrabbit, *Lepus alleni*  **LC**
* Tamaulipas jackrabbit, *Lepus altamirae* **NE**
* Snowshoe hare, *Lepus americanus*  **LC**
* Arctic hare, *Lepus arcticus*  **LC**
* Black-tailed jackrabbit, *Lepus californicus*  **LC**
* White-sided jackrabbit, *Lepus callotis*  **NT**
* Tehuantepec jackrabbit, *Lepus flavigularis* **EN**
* Black jackrabbit, *Lepus insularis* **VU**
* Alaskan hare, *Lepus othus*  **LC**
* White-tailed jackrabbit, *Lepus townsendii*  **LC**
* Volcano rabbit, *Romerolagus diazi* **EN**
* Swamp rabbit, *Sylvilagus aquaticus*  **LC**
* Desert cottontail, *Sylvilagus audubonii*  **LC**
* Brush rabbit, *Sylvilagus bachmani*  **LC** (ssp. *riparius*: **E**)
* Tapeti, *Sylvilagus brasiliensis* **EN**
* Mexican cottontail, *Sylvilagus cunicularius* **LC**
* Dice's cottontail, *Sylvilagus dicei* **DD**
* Eastern cottontail, *Sylvilagus floridanus*  **LC**
* Tres Marias cottontail, *Sylvilagus graysoni* **EN**
* Central American tapetí, *Sylvilagus gabbi* **LC**
* Robust cottontail, *Sylvilagus holzneri*  **VU**
* Northern tapetí, *Sylvilagus incitatus* **NE**
* Omilteme cottontail, *Sylvilagus insonus* **DD**
* San José brush rabbit, *Sylvilagus mansuetus* **CR**
* Marsh rabbit, *Sylvilagus palustris*  **LC**

(Lower Keys marsh rabbit, *S. p. hefneri*: **E**)
* Mountain cottontail, *Sylvilagus nuttallii*  **LC**
* Appalachian cottontail, *Sylvilagus obscurus*  **NT**
* New England cottontail, *Sylvilagus transitionalis*  **VU**

### Ochotonidae

* Collared pika, *Ochotona collaris*  **LC**
* American pika, *Ochotona princeps*  **LC**
* Giant pika, *Ochotona whartoni*  (E)

## Moles and shrews

### Talpidae

* Star-nosed mole, *Condylura cristata*  **LC**
* Hairy-tailed mole, *Parascalops breweri*  **LC**
* Eastern mole, *Scalopus aquaticus*  **LC**
* Broad-footed mole, *Scapanus latimanus*  **LC**
* Coast mole, *Scapanus orarius*  **LC**
* Townsend's mole, *Scapanus townsendii*  **LC**
* American shrew-mole, *Neurotrichus gibbsii*  **LC**

### Soricidae

* Northern short-tailed shrew, *Blarina brevicauda*  **LC**
* Southern short-tailed shrew, *Blarina carolinensis*  **LC** and:
	+ Sherman's short-tailed shrew, *Blarina shermani*
	+ Everglades short-tailed shrew, *Blarina peninsulae*
* Elliot's short-tailed shrew, *Blarina hylophaga*  **LC**
* Central Mexican broad-clawed shrew, *Cryptotis alticola* **DD**
* Enders's small-eared shrew, *Cryptotis endersi* **EN**
* Talamancan small-eared shrew, *Cryptotis gracilis* **VU**
* Goldman's broad-clawed shrew, *Cryptotis goldmani* **LC**
* Goodwin's broad-clawed shrew, *Cryptotis goodwini* **LC**
* Guatemalan broad-clawed shrew, *Cryptotis griseoventris* **EN**
* Big Mexican small-eared shrew, *Cryptotis magna* **VU**
* Yucatan small-eared shrew, *Cryptotis mayensis* **LC**
* Merriam's small-eared shrew, *Cryptotis merriami* **LC**
* Mexican small-eared shrew, *Cryptotis mexicana* **LC**
* Nelson's small-eared shrew, *Cryptotis nelsoni* **CR**
* Grizzled Mexican small-eared shrew, *Cryptotis obscura* **LC**
* Central American least shrew, *Cryptotis orophila* **DD**
* Tropical small-eared shrew, *Cryptotis tropicalis* **DD**
* North American least shrew, *Cryptotis parva*  **LC** and:
	+ Berlandier's least shrew, *Cryptotis berlandieri*
* Cockrum's gray shrew, *Notiosorex cockrumi*  **LC**
* Crawford's gray shrew, *Notiosorex crawfordi*  **LC** and:
	+ Ticul's gray shrew, *Notiosorex tataticuli*
* Long-tailed shrew, *Sorex dispar*  **LC**
* Gaspé shrew, *Sorex gaspensis*
* Smoky shrew, *Sorex fumeus*  **LC**
* American pygmy shrew, *Sorex hoyi*  **LC** and:
	+ Western pygmy shrew, *Sorex eximius*
* Dwarf shrew, *Sorex nanus*  **LC**
* Ornate shrew, *Sorex ornatus*  **LC** (ssp. *relictus*: **E**)
* Inyo shrew, *Sorex tenellus*  **LC**
* Baird's shrew, *Sorex bairdi*  **LC**
* Marsh shrew, *Sorex bendirii*  **LC**
* New Mexico shrew, *Sorex neomexicanus*  **DD**
* Pacific shrew, *Sorex pacificus*  **LC**
* American water shrew, *Sorex palustris*  **LC** and:
	+ Eastern water shrew, *Sorex albibarbis*
	+ Western water shrew, *Sorex navigator*
* Fog shrew, *Sorex sonomae*  **LC**
* Vagrant shrew, *Sorex vagrans*  **LC**
* Cinereus shrew, *Sorex cinereus*  **LC** and:
	+ Maryland shrew, *Sorex cinereus fontinalis*
* Olympic shrew, *Sorex rohweri*  **LC** (formerly in *Sorex cinereus*)
* Prairie shrew, *Sorex haydeni*  **LC**
* Saint Lawrence Island shrew, *Sorex jacksoni*  **LC**
* Southeastern shrew, *Sorex longirostris*  **LC**
* Mount Lyell shrew, *Sorex lyelli*  **LC**
* Preble's shrew, *Sorex preblei*  **LC**
* Pribilof Island shrew, *Sorex pribilofensis*  **EN**
* Barren ground shrew, *Sorex ugyunak*  **LC**
* Alaska tiny shrew, *Sorex yukonicus*  **LC**
* Arctic shrew, *Sorex arcticus*  **LC**
* Maritime shrew, *Sorex maritimensis*  **LC**
* Tundra shrew, *Sorex tundrensis*  **LC**
* Arizona shrew, *Sorex arizonae*  **LC**
* Merriam's shrew, *Sorex merriami*  **LC**
* Saussure's shrew, *Sorex saussurei* **LC**
* Sclater's shrew, *Sorex sclateri* **CR**
* San Cristobal shrew, *Sorex stizodon* **CR**
* Trowbridge's shrew, *Sorex trowbridgii*  **LC**
* Southern montane shrew, *Sorex monticolus*  **LC** and:
	+ Northern montane shrew, *Sorex obscurus*
* Veracruz shrew, *Sorex veraecrucis* **LC**
* Verapaz shrew, *Sorex veraepacis* **LC**
* Glacier Bay water shrew, *Sorex alaskanus*   **DD**

### Solenodontidae

* Cuban solenodon, *Atopogale cubana* **EN**
* Giant solenodon, *Solenodon arredondoi* (E)
* Marcano's solenodon, *Solenodon marcanoi* (E) **EX**
* Hispaniolan solenodon, *Solenodon paradoxus* **LC**

### Nesophontes

* Puerto Rican nesophontes, *Nesophontes edithae* (E) **EX**
* *Nesophontes hemicingulus* (E)
* Atalaye nesophontes, *Nesophontes hypomicrus* (E) **EX**
* Slender Cuban nesophontes, *Nesophontes longirostris* (E)
* Greater Cuban nesophontes, *Nesophontes major* (E) **EX**
* Western Cuban nesophontes, *Nesophontes micrus* (E) **EX**
* St. Michel nesophontes, *Nesophontes paramicrus* (E) **EX**
* Lesser Cuban nesophontes, *Nesophontes submicrus* (E)
* Cuban nesophontes, *Nesophontes superstes* (E)
* Haitian nesophontes, *Nesophontes zamicrus* (E) **EX**

## Bats

### Vespertilionidae

* Western pipistrelle, *Pipistrellus hesperus*  **LC**
* Eastern pipistrelle, *Pipistrellus subflavus*  **LC**
* Brazilian brown bat, *Eptesicus brasiliensis* **LC**
* Argentine brown bat, *Eptesicus furinalis* **LC**
* Big brown bat, *Eptesicus fuscus*  **LC**
* Evening bat, *Nycticeius humeralis*  **LC**
* Eastern red bat, *Lasiurus borealis*  **LC**
* Hoary bat, *Lasiurus cinereus*  **LC**

(Hawaiian hoary bat, *L. c. semotus*: **E**)
* Southern yellow bat, *Lasiurus ega*  **LC**
* Desert red bat, *Lasiurus blossevillii*   **LC**
* Seminole bat, *Lasiurus seminolus*  **LC**
* Northern yellow bat, *Lasiurus intermedius*  **LC**
* Western yellow bat, *Lasiurus xanthinus*  **LC**
* Allen's big-eared bat, *Idionycteris phyllotis*  **LC**
* Spotted bat, *Euderma maculatum*  **LC**
* Rafinesque's big-eared bat, *Corynorhinus rafinesquii*  **LC**
* Townsend's big-eared bat, *Corynorhinus townsendii*  **LC**

(ssp. *C. t. virginianus* and *C. t. ingens*: **E**)
* Silver-tipped myotis, *Myotis albescens* **LC**
* Southwestern myotis, *Myotis auriculus*  **LC**
* Southeastern myotis, *Myotis austroriparius*  **LC**
* California myotis, *Myotis californicus*  **LC**
* Western small-footed myotis, *Myotis ciliolabrum*  **LC**
* Dark-nosed small-footed myotis, *Myotis melanorhinus*  **LC**
* Guatemalan myotis, *Myotis cobanensis* **DD**
* Long-eared myotis, *Myotis evotis*  **LC**
* Elegant myotis, *Myotis elegans* **LC**
* Cinnamon myotis, *Myotis fortidens* **LC**
* Gray bat, *Myotis grisescens*  **NT** **E**
* Keen's myotis, *Myotis keenii*  **LC**
* Eastern small-footed myotis, *Myotis leibii*  **LC**
* Little brown bat, *Myotis lucifugus*  **LC**
* Northern long-eared myotis, *Myotis septentrionalis*  **LC**
* Indiana bat, *Myotis sodalis*  **EN** **E**
* Fringed myotis, *Myotis thysanodes*  **LC**
* Cave myotis, *Myotis velifer*  **LC**
* Long-legged myotis, *Myotis volans*  **LC**
* Yuma myotis, *Myotis yumanensis*  **LC**
* Silver-haired bat, *Lasionycteris noctivagans*  **LC**
* Arizona myotis, *Myotis occultus*  **LC**

### Molossidae

* Wagner's mastiff bat, *Eumops glaucinus*  **LC**
* Florida bonneted bat, *Eumops floridanus*  **CR** **E**
* Western mastiff bat, *Eumops perotis*  **LC**
* Underwood's mastiff bat, *Eumops underwoodi*  **LC**
* Pallas's mastiff bat, *Molossus molossus*  **LC**
* Pocketed free-tailed bat, *Nyctinomops femorosaccus*  **LC**
* Peale's free-tailed bat, *Nyctinomops aurispinosus* **LC**
* Broad-eared bat, *Nyctinomops laticaudatus* **LC**
* Big free-tailed bat, *Nyctinomops macrotis*  **LC**
* Mexican free-tailed bat, *Tadarida brasiliensis*  **LC**

### Antrozoidae

* Pallid bat, *Antrozous pallidus*  **LC**

### Pteronotus

* Davy's naked-backed bat, *Pteronotus davyi* **LC**
* Big naked-backed bat, *Pteronotus gymnonotus* **LC**
* Parnell's mustached bat, *Pteronotus parnellii* **LC**
* Wagner's mustached bat, *Pteronotus personatus* **LC**

### Lonchophylla

* Goldman's nectar bat, *Lonchophylla concava* **NT**
* Godman's nectar bat, *Lonchophylla mordax* **LC**
* Orange nectar bat, *Lonchophylla robusta* **LC**
* Thomas's nectar bat, *Lonchophylla thomasi* **LC**

### Noctilionidae

* Lesser bulldog bat, *Noctilio albiventris* **LC**
* Greater bulldog bat, *Noctilio leporinus* **LC**

### Balantiopteryx

* Thomas's sac-winged bat, *Balantiopteryx io* **VU**
* Gray sac-winged bat, *Balantiopteryx plicata* **LC**

### Mormoopidae

* Antillean ghost-faced bat, *Mormoops blainvillii* **NT**
* Ghost-faced bat, *Mormoops megalophylla*  **LC**
* Pristine mustached bat, *Pteronotus pristinus* (E)

### Phyllostomidae

* Tree bat, *Ardops nichollsi* **LC**
* Mexican long-tongued bat, *Choeronycteris mexicana*  **NT**
* Aztec fruit-eating bat, *Dermanura azteca* **LC**
* Pygmy fruit-eating bat, *Dermanura phaeotis* **LC**
* Toltec fruit-eating bat, *Dermanura tolteca* **LC**
* Thomas's fruit-eating bat, *Dermanura watsoni* **LC**
* White-winged vampire bat, *Diaemus youngi* **LC**
* Hairy-legged vampire bat, *Diphylla ecaudata*  **LC**
* Velvety fruit-eating bat, *Enchisthenes hartii*  **LC**
* Mexican long-nosed bat, *Leptonycteris nivalis*  **EN** **E**
* Lesser long-nosed bat, *Leptonycteris yerbabuenae*  **VU**
* California leaf-nosed bat, *Macrotus californicus*  **LC**

### Desmodus

* Stock's vampire bat, *Desmodus stocki* (E)
* Common vampire bat, *Desmodus rotundus* **LC**

### Sturnira

* Little yellow-shouldered bat, *Sturnira lilium* **LC**
* Highland yellow-shouldered bat, *Sturnira ludovici* **LC**
* Louis's yellow-shouldered bat, *Sturnira luisi* **LC**
* Talamancan yellow-shouldered bat, *Sturnira mordax* **NT**

### Artibeus

* Honduran fruit-eating bat, *Artibeus inopinatus* **DD**
* Jamaican fruit bat, *Artibeus jamaicensis* **LC**
* Great fruit-eating bat, *Artibeus lituratus* **LC**

### Glossophaga

* Commissaris's long-tongued bat, *Glossophaga commissarisi* **LC**
* Gray long-tongued bat, *Glossophaga leachii* **LC**
* Western long-tongued bat, *Glossophaga morenoi* **LC**
* Pallas's long-tongued bat, *Glossophaga soricina* **LC**

### Carollia

* Silky short-tailed bat, *Carollia brevicauda* **LC**
* Chestnut short-tailed bat, *Carollia castanea* **LC**
* Seba's short-tailed bat, *Carollia perspicillata* **LC**
* Sowell's short-tailed bat, *Carollia sowelli* **LC**
* Gray short-tailed bat, *Carollia subrufa* **LC**

### Rhynchonycteris

* Proboscis bat, *Rhynchonycteris naso* **LC**

### Diclidurus

* Northern ghost bat, *Diclidurus albus* **LC**

### Diaemus

* White-winged vampire bat, *Diaemus youngi* **LC**

### Diphylla

* Hairy-legged vampire bat, *Diphylla ecaudata* **LC**

### Natalus

* Mexican greater funnel-eared bat, *Natalus mexicanus* **LC**

### Thyroptera

* Peters's disk-winged bat, *Thyroptera discifera* **LC**
* Spix's disk-winged bat, *Thyroptera tricolor* **LC**

### Uroderma

* Tent-making bat, *Uroderma bilobatum* **LC**
* Brown tent-making bat, *Uroderma magnirostrum* **LC**

### Vampyressa

* Striped yellow-eared bat, *Vampyressa nymphaea* **LC**

### Vampyrodes

* Great stripe-faced bat, *Vampyrodes caraccioli* **LC**

### Micronycteris

* Common big-eared bat, *Micronycteris microtis* **LC**
* White-bellied big-eared bat, *Micronycteris minuta* **LC**
* Schmidts's big-eared bat, *Micronycteris schmidtorum* **LC**

### Anoura

* Handley's tailless bat, *Anoura cultrata* **NT**
* Geoffroy's tailless bat, *Anoura geoffroyi* **LC**

### Cynomops

* Greenhall's dog-faced bat, *Cynomops greenhalli* **LC**
* Mexican dog-faced bat, *Cynomops mexicanus* **LC**
* Southern dog-faced bat, *Cynomops planirostris* **LC**

### Cormura

* Chestnut sac-winged bat, *Cormura brevirostris* **LC**

### Cyttarops

* Short-eared bat, *Cyttarops Alecto* **LC**

### Glyphonycteris

* Davies's big-eared bat, *Glyphonycteris daviesi* **LC**
* Tricolored big-eared bat, *Glyphonycteris sylvestris* **LC**

### Lonchorhina

* Tomes's sword-nosed bat, *Lonchorhina aurita* **LC**

### Lophostoma

* Pygmy round-eared bat, *Lophostoma brasiliense* **LC**
* Davis's round-eared bat, *Lophostoma evotis* **LC**
* White-throated round-eared bat, *Lophostoma silvicolum* **LC**

### Chrotopterus

* Big-eared woolly bat, *Chrotopterus auritus* **LC**

### Lampronycteris

* Yellow-throated big-eared bat, *Lampronycteris brachyotis* **LC**

### Macrophyllum

* Long-legged bat, *Macrophyllum macrophyllum* **LC**

### Mimon

* Cozumelan golden bat, *Mimon cozumelae* **LC**
* Striped hairy-nosed bat, *Mimon crenulatum* **LC**

### Phyllostomus

* Pale spear-nosed bat, *Phyllostomus discolor* **LC**
* Greater spear-nosed bat, *Phyllostomus hastatus* **LC**

### Tonatia

* Stripe-headed round-eared bat, *Tonatia saurophila* **LC**

### Trachops

* Fringe-lipped bat, *Trachops cirrhosus* **LC**

### Trinycteris

* Niceforo's big-eared bat, *Trinycteris nicefori* **LC**

### Promops

* Big crested mastiff bat, *Promops centralis* **LC**

### Centronycteris

* Thomas's shaggy bat, *Centronycteris centralis* **LC**

### Choeroniscus

* Godman's long-tailed bat, *Choeroniscus godmani* **LC**

### Lichonycteris

* Dark long-tongued bat, *Lichonycteris obscura* **LC**

### Centurio

* Wrinkle-faced bat, *Centurio senex* **LC**

### Hylonycteris

* Underwood's long-tongued bat, *Hylonycteris underwoodi* **LC**

### Musonycteris

* Banana bat, *Musonycteris harrisoni* **VU**

### Mesophylla

* MacConnell's bat, *Mesophylla macconnelli* **LC**

### Chiroderma

* Salvin's big-eyed bat, *Chiroderma salvini* **LC**
* Little big-eyed bat, *Chiroderma trinitatum* **LC**
* Hairy big-eyed bat, *Chiroderma villosum* **LC**

### Bauerus

* Van Gelder's bat, *Bauerus dubiaquercus* **NT**

### Plecotus

* Mexican big-eared bat, *Plecotus mexicanus* **NT**

### Rhogeessa

* Yucatan yellow bat, *Rhogeessa aeneus* **LC**
* Genoways's yellow bat, *Rhogeessa genowaysi* **EN**
* Slender yellow bat, *Rhogeessa gracilis* **LC**
* Thomas's yellow bat, *Rhogeessa io* **LC**
* Little yellow bat, *Rhogeessa parvula* **LC**
* Black-winged little yellow bat, *Rhogeessa tumida* **LC**

### Peropteryx

* Greater dog-like bat, *Peropteryx kappleri* **LC**
* Lesser doglike bat, *Peropteryx macrotis* **LC**

### Phylloderma

* Pale-faced bat, *Phylloderma stenops* **LC**

### Ametrida

* Little white-shouldered bat, *Ametrida centurio* **LC**

### Ectophylla

* Honduran white bat, *Ectophylla alba* **NT**

### Platyrrhinus

* Choco broad-nosed bat *Platyrrhinus chocoensis* **VU**
* Thomas's broad-nosed bat, *Platyrrhinus dorsalis* **LC**
* Brown-bellied broad-nosed bat, *Platyrrhinus fusciventris* **LC**
* Heller's broad-nosed bat, *Platyrrhinus helleri* **LC**
* Greater broad-nosed bat, *Platyrrhinus vittatus* **LC**

### Furipterus

* Thumbless bat, *Furipterus horrens* **LC**

### Natalus

* Mexican greater funnel-eared bat, *Natalus mexicanus* **LC**
* Trinidadian funnel-eared bat, *Natalus tumidirostris* **LC**

### Monophyllus

* Leach's single leaf bat, *Monophyllus redmani* **LC**

### Saccopteryx

* Greater sac-winged bat, *Saccopteryx bilineata* **LC**
* Lesser sac-winged bat, *Saccopteryx leptura* **LC**

### Phyllonycteris

* Jamaican flower bat, *Phyllonycteris aphylla* **CR**
* Puerto Rican flower bat, *Phyllonycteris major* (E)
* Cuban flower bat, *Phyllonycteris poeyi* **LC**

## Carnivores

### Felidae

* Jaguarundi, *Herpailurus yagouaroundi*  **LC**
* *Homotherium serum* (E)
* Ocelot, *Leopardus pardalis*  **LC** **E**
* Oncilla, *Leopardus tigrinus* **VU**
* Margay, *Leopardus wiedii*  **NT**
* Canada lynx, *Lynx canadensis*  **LC** **T**
* Bobcat, *Lynx rufus*  **LC**
* *Miracinonyx inexpectatus* (E)
* *Miracinonyx trumani* (E)
* *Panthera atrox* (E)
* Jaguar, *Panthera onca*  **NT** **E**
* *Panthera spelaea* (E)
* Cougar, *Puma concolor*  **LC** **T(S/A)**

(ssp. *P. c. couguar* **E**)
* *Smilodon fatalis* (E)

### Canines

* Dire wolf, *Aenocyon dirus*  (E)
* Armbruster's wolf, *Canis armbrusteri* (E)
* Coyote, *Canis latrans*  **LC**
* Gray wolf, *Canis lupus*  **LC** **E** (and **XN**)
	+ Eastern wolf, *C. l. lycaon* **NE**
	+ Red wolf, *C. l. rufus* **CR** **E**
* Crab-eating fox, *Cerdocyon thous*  **LC**
* Dhole, *Cuon alpinus* (Ex) **EN** **E**
* Bush dog, *Speothos venaticus* **NT**
* Gray fox, *Urocyon cinereoargenteus*  **LC**
* Island fox, *Urocyon littoralis*  **NT**

(ssp. *U.l. littoralis*, *U. l. catalinae*, *U. l. santarosae* and *U. l. santacruzae*: **E**)
* Arctic fox, *Vulpes lagopus*  **LC**
* Kit fox, *Vulpes macrotis*  **LC** (ssp. *mutica*: **E**)
* Swift fox, *Vulpes velox*  **LC** (ssp. *hebes*: **E**)
* Red fox, *Vulpes vulpes*  **LC**

### Bears

* Short-faced bear, *Arctodus simus*  (E)
* Florida cave bear, *Tremarctos floridanus* (E)
* Brown bear, *Ursus arctos*  **LC** (includes grizzly bear, *U. a. horribilis*: **T**, **XN** and
Alaskan brown bear or Kodiak bear, *U. a. middendorffi*)
* American black bear, *Ursus americanus*  **LC** **T(S/A)**
(Louisiana black bear *U. a. luteolus*: **T**)
* Polar bear, *Ursus maritimus*  **VU** **T**

### Procyonidae

* Northern olingo, *Bassaricyon gabbii* **LC**
* Western lowland olingo, *Bassaricyon medius* **LC**
* Ringtail, *Bassariscus astutus*  **LC**
* Cacomistle, *Bassariscus sumichrasti* **LC**
* White-nosed coati, *Nasua narica*  **LC**
* Kinkajou, *Potos flavus* **LC**
* Crab-eating raccoon, *Procyon cancrivorus* **LC**
* Raccoon, *Procyon lotor*  **LC**
* Cozumel raccoon, *Procyon pygmaeus* **CR**

### Mustelids

* Tayra, *Eira barbara* **LC**
* Sea otter, *Enhydra lutris*  **EN**

(ssp. *E. l . nereis* and *E. l . kenyoni*: **T**, ssp. *E. l . nereis* also **XN**)
* Greater grison, *Galictis vittata* **LC**
* Wolverine, *Gulo gulo*  **LC**
* North American river otter, *Lontra canadensis*  **LC**
* Neotropical otter, *Lontra longicaudis* **NT**
* American marten, *Martes americana*  **LC**
* Pacific marten, *Martes caurina* **NE**
* Beringian ermine, *Mustela erminea*  **LC**
* Haida ermine, *Mustela haidarum* **NE**
* American ermine, *Mustela richardsonii* **NE**
* Least weasel, *Mustela nivalis*  **LC**
* Black-footed ferret, *Mustela nigripes*  **EN** **E** (and **XN**)
* Long-tailed weasel, *Neogale frenata*  **LC**
* Sea mink, *Neogale macrodon*  (E) **EX**
* American mink, *Neogale vison*  **LC**
* Fisher, *Pekania pennanti*  **LC**
* American badger, *Taxidea taxus*  **LC**

### Mephitidae

* Short-faced skunk, *Brachyprotoma obtusata* (E)
* American hog-nosed skunk, *Conepatus leuconotus*  **LC**
* Striped hog-nosed skunk, *Conepatus semistriatus* **LC**
* Striped skunk, *Mephitis mephitis*  **LC**
* Hooded skunk, *Mephitis macroura*  **LC**
* Southern spotted skunk, *Spilogale angustifrons* **LC**
* Western spotted skunk, *Spilogale gracilis*  **LC**
* Eastern spotted skunk, *Spilogale putorius*  **VU**
* Pygmy spotted skunk, *Spilogale pygmaea* **VU**

### Eared seals

* Galápagos fur seal, *Arctocephalus galapagoensis*  **EN** (A)
* Guadalupe fur seal, *Arctocephalus townsendi*  **NT** **T**
* Northern fur seal, *Callorhinus ursinus*  **VU**
* Steller sea lion, *Eumetopias jubatus*  **NT**

(ssp. *E. j. monteriensis*: **LC**, ssp. *E. j. jubatus*: **EN**) **T** (except west of 144° W, where **E**)
* California sea lion, *Zalophus californianus*  **LC**
* Galápagos sea lion, *Zalophus wollebaeki*  **EN** (A)

### Earless seals

* Hooded seal, *Cystophora cristata*  **VU**
* Bearded seal, *Erignathus barbatus*  **LC**
* Ribbon seal, *Histriophoca fasciata*  **DD**
* Grey seal, *Halichoerus grypus*  **LC**
* Northern elephant seal, *Mirounga angustirostris*  **LC**
* Caribbean monk seal, *Neomonachus tropicalis*  (E) **EX**
* Harbor seal, *Phoca vitulina*  **LC**
* Spotted seal, *Phoca largha*  **DD** **T**
* Ringed seal, *Pusa hispida*  **LC**
* Harp seal, *Pagophilus groenlandicus*  **LC**

## Perissodactyla

### Horses

* *Equus alaskae* (E)
* Mexican horse, *Equus conversidens*  (E)
* *Equus fraternus* (E)
* Giant horse, *Equus giganteus* (E)
* Yukon wild horse, *Equus lambei* (E)
* Niobrara horse, *Equus niobrarensis* (E)
* Western horse, *Equus occidentalis* (E)
* *Equus semiplicatus* (E)
* Scott's horse, *Equus scotti* (E)
* Hagerman horse, *Equus simplicidens* (E)
* Stilt-legged horse, *Haringtonhippus francisci* (E)

### Tapirs

* Baird's tapir, *Tapirus bairdii* **EN**
* Cope's tapir, *Tapirus copei* (E)
* California tapir, *Tapirus californicus* (E)
* Merriam's tapir, *Tapirus merriami* (E)
* Florida tapir, *Tapirus veroensis* (E)

## Artiodactyla

### Camelidae

* *Camelops hesternus*  (E)
* *Camelops kansanus* (E)
* *Camelops minidokae* (E)
* Stilt-legged llama, *Hemiauchenia macrocephala* (E)
* Stout-legged llama, *Palaeolama mirifica* (E)

### Tayassuidae

* Long-nosed peccary, *Mylohyus nasutus*  (E)
* Collared peccary, *Dicotyles tajacu*  **LC**
* Flat-headed peccary, *Platygonus compressus*  (E)
* White-lipped peccary, *Tayassu pecari* **VU**

### Bovines

* Ancient bison, *Bison antiquus* (E)
* American bison, *Bison bison*  **NT** (Wood bison, *B. b. athabascae*: **T**)
* Giant bison, *Bison latifrons* (E)
* *Bison occidentalis*  (E)
* Steppe wisent, *Bison priscus* (E)
* Harlan's muskox, *Bootherium bombifrons*  (E)
* Shrub-ox, *Euceratherium collinum*  (E)
* Muskox, *Ovibos moschatus*  **LC**
* Mountain goat, *Oreamnos americanus*  **LC**
* Harrington's mountain goat, *Oreamnos harringtoni*  (E)
* Bighorn sheep, *Ovis canadensis*  **LC**

(Desert bighorn sheep, *O. c. nelsoni* and Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep, *O. c. sierrae*: **E**)
* Dall sheep, *Ovis dalli*  **LC**
* Giant muskox, *Praeovibos priscus* (E)
* Saiga antelope, *Saiga tatarica* (Ex) **CR**

(ssp. *S. t. tatarica*: **CR**, ssp. *S. t. mongolica* **EN**)
* Soergel's ox, *Soergelia mayfieldi* (E)

### Cervidae

* Moose, *Alces alces*  **LC**
* Stag-moose, *Cervalces scotti*  (E)
* Elk (wapiti), *Cervus canadensis*  **LC**
	+ Eastern elk, *C. c. canadensis* (E) **EX**
	+ Merriam's elk, *C. c. merriami* (E) **EX**
* Red brocket, *Mazama americana* **DD**
* Amazonian brown brocket, *Mazama nemorivaga* **LC**
* Central American red brocket, *Mazama temama* **DD**
* Mule deer, *Odocoileus hemionus*  **LC**
* American mountain deer, *Odocoileus lucasi* (E)
* Yucatan brown brocket, *Odocoileus pandora* **VU**
* White-tailed deer, *Odocoileus virginianus*  **LC**

(Columbian white-tailed deer, *O. v. leucurus* and Key deer, *O. v. clavium*: **E**)
* Caribou, *Rangifer tarandus*  **VU**

(Migratory woodland caribou, *R. t. caribou*: **E**)
### Antilocapridae

* Pronghorn, *Antilocapra americana*  **LC**

(Baja California pronghorn, *A. a. peninsularis*: **E**, Sonoran pronghorn, *A. a. sonoriensis*: **E**)
* Pacific pronghorn, *Antilocapra pacifica* (E)
* Dwarf pronghorn, *Capromeryx minor* (E)
* Barbour's pronghorn, *Hayoceros barbouri* (E)
* Shuler's pronghorn, *Tetrameryx shuleri* (E)
* Conkling's pronghorn, *Stockoceros conklingi* (E)

### Cetacea

#### Delphinidae (oceanic dolphins)

* White-beaked dolphin, *Lagenorhynchus albirostris*  **LC**
* Atlantic white-sided dolphin, *Leucopleurus acutus*  **LC**
* Rough-toothed dolphin, *Steno bredanensis*  **LC**
* Striped dolphin, *Stenella coeruleoalba*  **LC**
* Atlantic spotted dolphin, *Stenella frontalis*  **DD**
* Spinner dolphin, *Stenella longirostris*  **DD**
* Clymene dolphin, *Stenella clymene*  **DD**
* Pantropical spotted dolphin, *Stenella attenuata*  **LC**
* Short-beaked common dolphin, *Delphinus delphis*  **LC**
* Long-beaked common dolphin, *Delphinus capensis*  **DD**
* Common bottlenose dolphin, *Tursiops truncatus*  **LC**
* Fraser's dolphin, *Lagenodelphis hosei*  **LC**
* Northern right whale dolphin, *Lissodelphis borealis*  **LC**
* Pacific white-sided dolphin, *Sagmatias obliquidens*  **LC**
* False killer whale, *Pseudorca crassidens*  **DD**
* Vaquita, *Phocoena sinus* **CR**
* Guiana dolphin, *Sotalia guianensis* **NT**
* Killer whale, *Orcinus orca*  **DD** **E**
* Risso's dolphin, *Grampus griseus*  **LC**
* Long-finned pilot whale, *Globicephala melas*  **DD**
* Short-finned pilot whale, *Globicephala macrorhynchus*  **DD**
* Pygmy killer whale, *Feresa attenuata*  **DD**
* Melon-headed whale, *Peponocephala electra*  **LC**

#### Monodontidae

* Beluga, *Delphinapterus leucas*  **NT** **E** (Cook Inlet subpopulation: **CR**)
* Narwhal, *Monodon monoceros*  **NT**

#### Porpoise

* Harbor porpoise, *Phocoena phocoena*  **LC**
* Dall's porpoise, *Phocoenoides dalli*  **LC**

#### Kogiidae

* Pygmy sperm whale, *Kogia breviceps*  **LC**
* Dwarf sperm whale, *Kogia sima*  (Hawaiian Islands only) **LC**

#### Physeteridae

* Sperm whale, *Physeter macrocephalus*  **VU** **E**

#### Ziphiidae (beaked whales)

* Gervais' beaked whale, *Mesoplodon europaeus*  **DD**
* Blainville's beaked whale, *Mesoplodon densirostris*  **DD**
* True's beaked whale, *Mesoplodon mirus*  **DD**
* Sowerby's beaked whale, *Mesoplodon bidens*  **DD**
* Stejneger's beaked whale, *Mesoplodon stejnegeri*  **DD**
* Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale, *Mesoplodon ginkgodens*  **DD**
* Hubbs' beaked whale, *Mesoplodon carlhubbsi*  **DD**
* Perrin's beaked whale, *Mesoplodon perrini*  **DD**
* Hector's beaked whale, *Mesoplodon hectori*  (A) **DD**
* Pygmy beaked whale, *Mesoplodon peruvianus*  (A) **DD**
* Tropical bottlenose whale, *Indopacetus pacificus*  **DD**
* Northern bottlenose whale, *Hyperoodon ampullatus*  **DD**
* Cuvier's beaked whale, *Ziphius cavirostris*  **LC**
* Giant beaked whale, *Berardius bairdii*  **DD** (collective name for two species - Baird's beaked whale and Arnoux's beaked whale)

#### Eschrichtiidae

* Gray whale, *Eschrichtius robustus*  **LC** **E**

#### Balaenopteridae (rorquals)

* Blue whale, *Balaenoptera musculus*  **EN** **E**

(ssp. *brevicauda* - pygmy blue whale: **DD**, ssp. *musculus* North Pacific stock: **LR/cd**, ssp. *musculus* North Atlantic stock: **VU**)
* Rice's whale, *Balaenoptera ricei* **CR**
* Fin whale, *Balaenoptera physalus*  **EN** **E**
* Sei whale, *Balaenoptera borealis*  **EN** **E**
* Common minke whale, *Balaenoptera acutorostrata*  **LC**
* Bryde's whale, *Balaenoptera edeni*  (A) **DD**
* Humpback whale, *Megaptera novaeangliae*  **LC** **E**

#### Balaenidae

* Bowhead whale, *Balaena mysticetus*  **LC** **E** (Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Sea subpopulation: **LR/cd**, Svalbard-Barents Sea (Spitsbergen) subpopulation: **CR**)
* North Atlantic right whale, *Eubalaena glacialis*  **EN** **E**
* North Pacific right whale, *Eubalaena japonica*  (A) (Alaska) **EN** **E** (Northeast Pacific subpopulation: **CR**)

## Sirenia (sea cows)

### Trichechidae

* West Indian manatee, *Trichechus manatus*  **VU** **E**

(ssp. *T. m . manatus* - Antillean or Caribbean manatee: **EN**, ssp. *T. m . latirostris* - Florida manatee: **EN**)
### Dugongidae

* Steller's sea cow, *Hydrodamalis gigas*  (E) **EX**

## Proboscidea

### Elephantidae

* Columbian mammoth, *Mammuthus columbi*  (E)
* Pygmy mammoth, *Mammuthus exilis*  (E)
* Woolly mammoth, *Mammuthus primigenius*  (E)

### Mammutidae

* American mastodon, *Mammut americanum*  (E)

### Gomphothere

* *Cuvieronius hyodon* (E)
* *Stegomastodon aftoniae* (E)
* *Stegomastodon mirificus* (E)
* *Stegomastodon nebrascensis* (E)
* *Stegomastodon primitivus* (E)

## Introduced mammals

### Muroidea

* House mouse, *Mus musculus*  (I) **LC**
* Norway rat, *Rattus norvegicus*  (I) **LC**
* Black rat, *Rattus rattus*  (I) **LC**

### Leporidae

* European hare, *Lepus europaeus*  (I) **LC**
* Cape hare, *Lepus capensis*  (I) **LC**
* European rabbit, *Oryctolagus cuniculus*  **EN** (I)

### Cercopithecidae

* Mona monkey, *Cercopithecus mona*  (I) **NT**
* Vervet monkey, *Chlorocebus pygerythrus*  (I) **LC**
* Green monkey, *Chlorocebus sabaeus*  (I) **LC**
* Japanese macaque, *Macaca fuscata*  (I) **LC**
* Rhesus macaque, *Macaca mulatta*  (I) **LC**

### Herpestidae

* Small Indian mongoose, *Urva auropunctata*  (I) (Caribbean) **LC**

### Mustelidae

* Beech marten, *Martes foina*  (I) **LC**

### Bovidae

* Barbary sheep, *Ammotragus lervia*  (I) **VU**
* Blackbuck, *Antilope cervicapra*  (I) **NT**
* Nilgai, *Boselaphus tragocamelus*  (I) **LC**
* Bezoar ibex, *Capra aegagrus aegagrus*  (I) **LC**
* Siberian ibex, *Capra sibirica*  (I) **NT**
* Gemsbok, *Oryx gazella*  (I) **LC**

### Cervidae

* Chital, *Axis axis*  (I) **LC**
* Indian hog deer, *Axis porcinus*  (I) **EN**
* Sika deer, *Cervus nippon*  (I) **LC**
* Red deer, *Cervus elaphus*  (I) **LC**
* European fallow deer, *Dama dama*  (I) **LC**
* Sambar, *Rusa unicolor*  (I) **VU**

## See also

* List of birds of North America
* List of mammals of Mexico
* Mammals of the Caribbean
* List of mammals of Central America
* List of reptiles of North America
* List of amphibians of North America
* List of U.S. state mammals
* List of U.S. state birds
* List of U.S. state reptiles
* List of U.S. state amphibians

## Notes

Baker et al. 2003, Kays & Wilson 2002, North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
2. ↑ Virginia opossum, *Didelphis virginiana*: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - as Opossum, *D. marsupialis* (merged Mexican, *D. marsupialis* and *D. virginiana*).
Baker et al. 2003, Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), Kays & Wilson 2002, North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - mentioned only in the description of another species as possible split.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - described separately as the nominative species but merged with another species.
6. ↑ Texas pocket gopher, *Geomys personatus*: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), Kays & Wilson 2002, North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
Baker et al. 2003, - as 2 distinct species: Texas Pocket Gopher *G. personatus* and Strecker's Pocket Gopher *G. streckeri*.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 Baker et al. 2003, Kays & Wilson 2002, North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - described as the nominative species and 1 or 2 additional distinct species.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Baker et al. 2003, North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - range not clear because described separately as the nominative species but merged with another species.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Baker et al. 2003, Kays & Wilson 2002, IUCN Red List.
11. ↑ Mexican fox squirrel, *Sciurus nayaritensis*: Baker et al. 2003, Kays & Wilson 2002, North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - only as Apache fox squirrel *S. apache*.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Mexican vole, *Microtus mexicanus*:
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List - *M. mexicanus*.
Baker et al. 2003, Kays & Wilson 2002 - only *M. mogollonensis*.
North American Mammals NMNH SI - *M. mexicanus* listed, but only *M. mexicanus mogollensis* (Arizona and New Mexico) described in "Mexican Vole (*Microtus mexicanus*)" chapter.
IUCN Red List - *M. mexicanus* sometimes split in two species: *M. mexicanus* and *M. mogollonensis*.
12 subspecies are recognized, 4 occur in the USA (1991), Hualapai Mexican vole *M. m. hualpaiensis* is listed as endangered (E) under the Endangered Species Act.
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 Baker et al. 2003, Kays & Wilson 2002, North American Mammals NMNH SI, IUCN Red List.
14. ↑ Northern collared lemming, *Dicrostonyx groenlandicus*: Kays & Wilson 2002, North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
Baker et al. 2003 - as 3 distinct species: Peary Land collared lemming *D. groenlandicus*, Bering collared lemming *D. rubricatus* and Victoria collared lemming *D. kilangmiutak*
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), - described separately as the nominative species but merged with *D. exsul*.
15. ↑ Nelson's collared lemming, *Dicrostonyx nelsoni*: Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
Baker et al. 2003 - as 2 distinct species: Nelson's collared lemming *D. nelsoni* and St. Lawrence Island collared lemming *D. exsul*.
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), - mentioned only in the description of *D. groenlandicus* as possible split (*D. exsul*).
16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 Baker et al. 2003, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
17. ↑ Northern rock mouse, *Peromyscus nasutus*: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - mentioned only in the description of rock mouse, *Peromyscus difficilis* that *P. difficilis* was formerly known as *P. nasuts*, so range is not clear because these species are merged here.
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - described separately as the nominative species but probably merged with another species.
19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Baker et al. 2003, North American Mammals NMNH SI, IUCN Red List.
20. ↑ Long-tailed shrew, *Sorex dispar*: IUCN Red List.

Baker et al. 2003, Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), Kays & Wilson 2002, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), North American Mammals NMNH SI
- as 2 distinct species: longtail/long-tailed shrew *S. dispar* and Gaspé shrew *S. gaspensis*.
21. ↑ Gaspé shrew, *Sorex gaspensis*: Baker et al. 2003, Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), Kays & Wilson 2002, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), North American Mammals NMNH SI
22. ↑ North American Mammals NMNH SI, IUCN Red List.
23. ↑ Baker et al. 2003, IUCN Red List.
24. ↑ 24.00 24.01 24.02 24.03 24.04 24.05 24.06 24.07 24.08 24.09 24.10 24.11 24.12 24.13 24.14 24.15 24.16 24.17 24.18 24.19 24.20 24.21 24.22 24.23 24.24 24.25 24.26 24.27 24.28 24.29 24.30 24.31 24.32 24.33 24.34 24.35 24.36 24.37 24.38 24.39 24.40 Baker et al. 2003, Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), Kays & Wilson 2002, North American Mammals NMNH SI, IUCN Red List.
25. ↑ Southwestern myotis, *Myotis auriculus*: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - mentioned only in the description of long-eared myotis, *M. evotis* as possible split, occurring in southern N. Mexico.
26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
27. ↑ Baker et al. 2003, Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
28. ↑ Velvety free-tailed bat: Baker et al. 2003, North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
Kays & Wilson 2002 - it is believed that colonies found in buildings in the Florida Keys were members of *Molossidae*.
29. ↑ Prinstine mustached bat: Mammal Species of the World (MSW3) - possibly Florida.
Extinct at the end of Pleistocene - in the USA found in Rancholabrean cave deposits in southern Florida (Monkey Jungle Hammock).
30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `e`
31. ↑ Lesser long-nosed bat, *Leptonycteris yerbabuenae*: Kays & Wilson 2002, North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
Baker et al. 2003 - as southern long-nosed bat *L. curasoae* (*L. yerbabuenae* was included in *L. curasoae* as a subspecies).
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - mentioned only in the description of *L. nivalis* under the junior synonym *L. sanborni* as possible split, so range is not clear here.
32. ↑ Margay: Baker et al. 2003, Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), Mammal Species of the World (MSW3).
Kays & Wilson 2002: last record in Texas from 1852.
33. ↑ Red fox, *Vulpes vulpes*: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - as North American *V. fulva* distinct from the Old World species *V. vulpes*.
34. ↑ Brown bear, *Ursus arctos*: Baker et al. 2003, Kays & Wilson 2002, North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - as 2 distinct species: grizzly bear, *U. horribilis* and Kodiak bear, *U. middendorffi*, also distinct from the "worldwide" species *U. arctos*.
35. ↑ Wolverine, *Gulo gulo*: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - as North American *G. luscus* distinct from the Old World species *G. gulo*.
36. ↑ Least weasel, *Mustela nivalis*: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - as North American *M. rixosa* distinct from the Old World species *M. nivalis*.
37. ↑ American hog-nosed skunk, *Conepatus leuconotus*: Baker et al. 2003, Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
Kays & Wilson 2002 - as 2 distinct species: eastern hog-nosed skunk *C. leuconotus* and western hog-nosed skunk *C. mesoleucus*.
38. ↑ Guadalupe fur seal, *Arctocephalus townsendi*: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - as Guadalupe fur seal *A. philippi*, formerly *A. townsendi*.
39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Baker et al. 2003, Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), Kays & Wilson 2002, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
40. ↑ Moose, *Alces americanus*: North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), - as North American *A. americanus* (distinct from Eurasian elk *A. alces*).

*Alces alces*: IUCN Red List, Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), Kays & Wilson 2002.
41. ↑ Elk, *Cervus canadensis*: Baker et al. 2003, Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), North American Mammals NMNH SI (species list from the database).
Kays & Wilson 2002, North American Mammals NMNH SI (Field Guide), Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List - as "worldwide" *C. elaphus* (not North American *C. canadensis*.)
42. ↑ Caribou, *Rangifer tarandus*: Baker et al. 2003, Kays & Wilson 2002, North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - as 3 distinct species: woodland caribou, *R. caribou*, barren-ground caribou, *R. arcticus* and Greenland caribou *R. tarandus*.
43. ↑ Kays & Wilson 2002, IUCN Red List.
44. ↑ Pygmy beaked whale: Kays & Wilson 2002: one record in North America, Division of Mammals Collections NMNH SI: two strandings in California (2001 and 2012).
45. ↑ Baker et al. 2003, Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), Kays & Wilson 2002, IUCN Red List.
46. ↑ House mouse: Baker et al. 2003, Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), Kays & Wilson 2002, IUCN Red List.
Mammal Species of the World (MSW3) - only general range description.
47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Baker et al. 2003, Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), Kays & Wilson 2002.
48. ↑ Baker et al. 2003, Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
49. ↑ European rabbit: Baker et al. 2003.
Kays & Wilson 2002 - range not clear (islands on Pacific Coast).
Introduced to Hawaii.
50. ↑ *Sus scrofa*: Baker et al. 2003 - feral pig or wild boar, Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - wild boar (Swine), Kays & Wilson 2002 - wild boar, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3) - wild boar - feral populations, IUCN Red List - wild boar - introduced.
51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 51.3 51.4 51.5 Baker et al. 2003, Kays & Wilson 2002, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
52. ↑ Barbary sheep - free ranging.
53. ↑ Blackbuck - free ranging.
54. ↑ Nilgai - semi-free-ranging/free-ranging.
55. ↑ Bezoar ibex - free-ranging: Florida Mountains near Deming New Mexico.
56. ↑ Gemsbok - free ranging.
57. ↑ Chital - free-ranging.
58. ↑ Red deer, *elaphus* division (not *canadensis* division) - introduced
59. ↑ Sambar - free ranging.

* Species listed in Baker et al. 2003, but omitted in this article: European ferret, *Mustela putorius*, Himalayan tahr, *Hemitragus jemlahicus*.

## References

1. ↑ "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Title 50: Wildlife and Fisheries, § 17.11 Endangered and threatened wildlife". US Government Printing Office. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.29 3.30 3.31 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.35 Robert J. Baker; Lisa C. Bradley; Robert D. Bradley; Jerry W. Dragoo; Mark D. Engstrom; Robert S. Hoffmann; Cheri A. Jones; Fiona Reid; Dale W. Rice; Clyde Jones (1 December 2003). "Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 2003" (PDF). *Occasional Papers*. Museum of Texas Tech University (229). ISSN 0149-175X. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 Kays, Roland W.; Wilson, Don E. (2002). *Mammals of North America*. Illustrated by Sandra Doyle, Nancy Halliday, Ron Klingner, Elizabeth McClelland, Consie Powell, Wendy Smith, Todd Zalewski, Diane Gibbons, Susan C. Morse, Jesse Guertin. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-07012-1.
5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 "North American Mammals". Smithsonian Institution. National Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 1 April 2014. This site is based on The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals, by Don E. Wilson and Sue Ruff (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1999) and Mammals of North America, by Roland W. Kays and Don E. Wilson (Princeton University Press, 2002).  Downloaded on 25 March 2014
6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20 6.21 6.22 6.23 6.24 6.25 6.26 6.27 6.28 6.29 \* Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). *Mammal Species of the World* (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 7.24 7.25 7.26 7.27 7.28 7.29 7.30 7.31 7.32 7.33 7.34 7.35 7.36 7.37 7.38 "Search Results: Mammalia North America 2014-03-29". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2*. IUCN. 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2014. Search terms Search by taxonomy: Mammalia, Search by location: North America, (Native, Introduced, Vagrant, Uncertain), Refinements : [X] Show regional assessments:, Taxa to show: Species, Subspecies and varieties, Stocks and subpopulation. Downloaded on 29 March 2014
8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.17 8.18 8.19 8.20 8.21 8.22 8.23 8.24 8.25 8.26 8.27 8.28 8.29 8.30 8.31 8.32 8.33 8.34 Burt, William Henry (Text and Maps); Grossenheider, Richard Philip (Illustrations) (1976). *A Field Guide to the Mammals. North America north of Mexico*. Peterson Field Guides (Third ed.). Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-91098-6.
9. ↑ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 Haynes, Gary, ed. (23 December 2008). *American Megafaunal Extinctions at the End of the Pleistocene (Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology)*. Springer Science + Business Media B. V. ISBN 978-1402087929. Retrieved 2014-04-11.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 \* Mammal Diversity Database (2020). "Mammal Diversity Database. (2020). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.2) [Data set]. Zenodo". doi:10.5281/zenodo.4139818. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
11. ↑ Yensen, E. 2019. *Urocitellus mollis . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019*: e.T116989381A116989399. Downloaded on 12 December 2019.
12. ↑ Álvarez-Castañeda, S.T.; Reid, F. (2008). "*Microtus mexicanus*". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2008**. Retrieved 2 April 2014. old-form url
13. ↑ Musser, G.G.; Carleton, M.D. (2005). "*Microtus* (see comments) *mexicanus*". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. *Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference* (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 894–1531. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (1991). *Hualpai Mexican Vole Recovery Plan* (PDF). Albuquerque, New Mexico. pp. 28 pp. Retrieved 2014-04-02.
15. ↑ Álvarez-Castañeda, S.T., Lacher, T. & Vázquez, E. (2017). "*Neotoma bryanti*". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2017**: e.T117189944A22371413. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T117189944A22371413.en . Retrieved 16 January 2018. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 Turvey, Samuel T. (May 28, 2009). *Holocene Extinctions*. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199535095. Retrieved 2014-04-11.
17. ↑ Whitaker, John O.; Hamilton, William John (1998-06-28). *Mammals of the Eastern United States* (3rd ed.). Cornell University Press. ISBN 9780801434754. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
18. ↑ Hutterer, R. (2005). "*Sorex* (*Otisorex*) *cinereus*". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. *Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference* (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 220–311. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
19. ↑ Morgan, Gary S.; Emslie, Steven D. (2010). "Tropical and western influences in vertebrate faunas from the Pliocene and Pleistocene of Florida" (PDF). *Quaternary International*. **217** (1–2): 143–158. Bibcode:2010QuInt.217..143M. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2009.11.030. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Simmons, N.B. (2005). "*Leptonycteris yerbabuenae*". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. *Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference* (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 312–529. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
21. ↑ Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Miller, B.; Reid, F.; Cuarón, A.D.; de Grammont, P.C. (2008). "'**Leptonycteris yerbabuenae'**". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2008**. Retrieved 8 April 2014. old-form url
22. ↑ Courtenay, O.; Maffei, L. (2008). "*Cerdocyon thous*". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2008**. Retrieved 22 March 2009. old-form url
23. ↑ Trillmich, F.; IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group (2008). "*Arctocephalus galapagoensis*". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2008**. Retrieved 30 January 2009.
24. ↑ Aurioles, D.; Trillmich, F. (2008). "*Zalophus wollebaeki*". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2008**. Retrieved 30 January 2009. old-form url
25. ↑ Hall, Stephen Austin (Aug 1972). "Holocene *Bison occidentalis* from Iowa". *Journal of Mammalogy*. **53** (3): 604–606. doi:10.2307/1379052. JSTOR 1379052.
26. ↑ "Search the Division of Mammals Collections". Keywords: Mesoplodon peruvianus: STR 13453 Stranding, Skull, Salinas State Beach, Monterey Bay, California, 2001, STR 18334: Stranding, Photograph, Arcata, Humboldt County, California, 2012
27. ↑ Taylor, B.L.; Baird, R.; Barlow, J.; Dawson, S.M.; Ford, J.; Mead, J.G.; Notarbartolo di Sciara, G.; Wade, P.; Pitman, R.L. (2008). "*Indopacetus pacificus*". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2008**: e.T40635A10345818. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T40635A10345818.en . Retrieved 16 January 2018.
28. ↑ Crossen, K. S. (2005). "5,700-Year-Old Mammoth Remains from the Pribilof Islands, Alaska: Last Outpost of North America Megafauna". *Geological Society of America*. **37**: 463. Archived from the original on 5 September 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
29. ↑ Bloggs, Fred (2011). "The history of mammal eradications in Hawai`i and the United States associated islands of the Central Pacific". In Veitch, C. R; Clout, M. N; Towns, D. R. *Island invasives: eradication and management*. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. pp. 67–73.
30. ↑ Matsuda Goodwin, R., Segniagbeto, G., Nobimè, G. & Imong, I. (2020). "*Cercopithecus mona*". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2020**: e.T4222A17946672. Retrieved 10 July 2020. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
31. ↑ *The Illustrated Encyclopedia of North American Mammals: A Comprehensive Guide to Mammals of North America*. Mobi Reference. Boston: MobileReference. 2008. ISBN 9781605012797. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
32. ↑ [1]
33. ↑ [2]
34. ↑ [3]
35. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2010-01-14.
36. ↑ Kingdon, J.; Gippoliti, S. (2008). "*Chlorocebus sabaeus*". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2008**: e.T136265A4267012.
37. ↑ *The Illustrated Encyclopedia Of North American Mammals: A Comprehensive Guide To Mammals Of North America*. Mobi Reference. MobileReference. January 7, 2010. ISBN 9781605012797. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
38. ↑ The State | Homepage Archived 2004-08-26 at the Wayback Machine
39. ↑ Development of the Morgan Island rhesus monkey col... [P R Health Sci J. 1989] - PubMed Result
40. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-09-21. Retrieved 2010-01-14.
41. ↑ Wolfe, Linda, Cambridge University Press (2002). *Primates Face to Face*. p. 320. ISBN 0-521-79109-X. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
42. ↑ [4]
43. ↑ [5]
44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 Exotics in Texas by: Max Traweek and Roy Welch. April 1992. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Reproduced from PWD-BK-W7000-206 5/92
45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 45.4 45.5 Bowers, Nora; Bowers, Rick; Kaufmann, Kenn (2004). *Mammals of North America*. Kaufman focus guides. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 168. ISBN 0-618-15313-6. Retrieved 2014-04-04.
46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 Deal, Kevin (2010). *Wildlife and Natural Resource Management* (3rd ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-4354-5401-9. Retrieved 2014-04-05.
47. ↑ "Blackbuck - North America Introduced". *Big Game Hunting Records - Safari Club International Online Record Book*. Safari Club International. 2007–2014. Retrieved 2014-04-05.
48. ↑ Fedosenko, A. K.; Blank, D. A. (26 December 2001). "*Capra sibirica*". *Mammalian Species* (675): 1–13. doi:10.2307/0.675.1 .
49. ↑ Whitford, Walter G. (April 2002). *Ecology of Desert Systems* (1st ed.). Elsevier Science. ISBN 9780127472614. Retrieved 2014-04-02.
50. ↑ Timmins, R.; Duckworth, J.W.; Samba Kumar, N.; Anwarul Islam, M.; Sagar Baral, H.; Long, B.; Maxwell, A. (2012). "'**Axis porcinus'**". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2012**. Retrieved 4 April 2014. old-form url

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* Nowak, Ronald M. (29 July 1999). *Walker's Mammals of the World* (6th ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-5789-9.

## Further reading

* Kays, Roland W.; Wilson, Don E. (2002). *Mammals of North America*. Illustrated by Sandra Doyle, Nancy Halliday, Ron Klingner, Elizabeth McClelland, Consie Powell, Wendy Smith, Todd Zalewski, Diane Gibbons, Susan C. Morse, Jesse Guertin. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-07012-1.
* Burt, William Henry (Text and Maps); Grossenheider, Richard Philip (Illustrations) (1976). *A Field Guide to the Mammals. North America north of Mexico*. Peterson Field Guides (Third ed.). Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-91098-6.
* Robert J. Baker; Lisa C. Bradley; Robert D. Bradley; Jerry W. Dragoo; Mark D. Engstrom; Robert S. Hoffmann; Cheri A. Jones; Fiona Reid; Dale W. Rice; Clyde Jones (1 December 2003). "Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 2003" (PDF). *Occasional Papers*. Museum of Texas Tech University (229). ISSN 0149-175X. Retrieved 9 March 2014.

## External links

* American Society of Mammalogists
* Databases: Division of Mammals: Department of Vertebrate Zoology: NMNH - i.e. printable Field Guide to mammals of North America
* Search the Division of Mammals Collections - National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
* Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition (MSW3) - database of mammalian taxonomy
* IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (Search results: mammalia, North America, 2014-03-29)
* Endangered Species Program - US Fish & Wildlife Service
* Species Search - US Fish & Wildlife Service
* Endangered Species Act - National Marine Fisheries Service - NOAA
* List of Endangered and threatened wildlife - US Government Printing Office