Second Transatlantic War

The Battle of Dauphine, the first major battle of the Second Transatlantic War

### Result

**English victory*** Cession of Aberdeen, Argyll, and the Inner Hebrides to England

Belligerents| **England*** English Colombia (English colony)
* Cuba (English colony)
* Thirteen Colonies (English colony)
* Sweden
	+ Novgorod (Swedish vassal)
	+ Norway (Swedish vassal)
	+ Livonia (Swedish vassal)
* Oldenburg
* Savoy (1601 - 1603)
* Wurzburg (1601 - 1604)
	+ French Canada (French colony)
* Liege

Commanders and leaders| Leaders:**Charles II** of England* Christian I of Sweden (also commander)
* Amedeo I of Savoy

Commanders:* Samuel Button of England
* Daniel Marlborough of England
* David Warwick of Cuba
* Patrik Lewenhaupt of Sweden
* Karl Johan of Sweden
* Albrecht Mayer of Oldenburg
* Bonaventura Vico of Savoy
* Lorenz Soll of Wurzburg

Admirals:* Jeremy Essex of England
* John Hudson of England
* Charles James Leicester of England
* Hugh Tarleton of England
* Ernest Albemarle of English Colombia
* Charles de Clifford of Cuba
* Patrik Gadh of Sweden
* Jean-Antoine de la Barthe of France
* Jules de Saint-Omer of France
* Firmin de Villenueve of France†
* Denis de Vergennes of France†
* Simon de Luynes of France

Admirals:* Henri de Chambronne of France

Strength| **England: 85,000 men, 120 ships*** English Colombia: 9,000 men, 12 ships
* Cuba: 17,000 men, 26 ships
* Thirteen Colonies: 6,000 men, 2 ships
* Sweden: 42,000 men, 38 ships
	+ Novgorod: 3,000 men, 5 ships
	+ Norway: 9,000 men, 7 ships
	+ Livonia: 1,000 men, 1 ship
* Oldenburg: 8,000 men, 5 ships
* Savoy: 17,000 men, 3 ships
* Wurzburg: 7,000 men
	+ French Canada: 5,000 men, 10 ships
* Liege: 7,000 men

Casualties and losses| **Total: 132,000+ men, 3 ships*** England: 11,648 men, 3 ships
	+ English Colombia: 5,345 men
	+ Cuba: 20,777 men
	+ Thirteen Colonies: 3,428 men
* Sweden: 34,515 men
	+ Novgorod:
	+ Norway: 4,185 men
	+ Livonia:
* Oldenburg: 2,113 men
* Savoy: 17,317 men
* Wurzburg: 280 men
* France: 28,821 men, 16 ships
	+ French Canada: 6,032 men, 7 ships
* Liege: 2,418 men

The **Second Transatlantic War** was a conflict between England and Scotland. France once more supported Scotland.

## Background

The Transatlantic War between the two, which occurred less than a decade ago, was extremely costly and only had a lackluster resolution. England had plans to dominate all of Scotland, and they planned this war to be *the* war to do so. In addition, whereas Spain had intervened in the previous war in Scotland's side, their recent war with France would most likely not make them join.

### Scottish Campaign (1601 - 1602)

English troops led by Samuel Button marched into Argyll at the start of the war. The invasion was very rapid, with the highlands occupied within a year. The capital in the Outer Hebrides fell on 8 June 1602, ending the war in Scotland.

### French Campaign (1601 - )

Unlike the first Transatlantic war, England was prepared, and they sent troops led by Daniel Marlborough to besiege Narbonnais and took the fort on 1 July. Their enemy was prepared as well, as they sent troops led by Jean-Antoine de La Barthe and besieged Caen, though de La Barthe himself had to attack Savoy (see below). Narbonnais was liberated by French troops on 25 April 1602, and Caen fell shortly after on 24 August.

England and allies attempted to take the fortress in Picardie and the countryside, but they were driven out by French troops. Forces from English Colombia and Cuba, led by Ernest Albemarle, were completely wiped out in Armor by Denis de Vergennes.

French forces continued their conquest of English continental possessions, with Simon de Luynes launching an attack on Navarra.

### Germano-Swedish Campaign (1601 - )

France sent troops led by Jules de Saint-Omer to besiege Hessen within Wurzburg, but it was later liberated by Swedish forces led by Patrik Lewenhaupt. The Swedes then besieged Liege but had to abandon the siege as French troops threatened to attack them. The forces did engage in September 1602 at Loon and were defeated.

Other troops led by de La Barthe attacked Savoyard ones led by Bonaventura Vico in Dauphine and defeated them, nearly killing Vico. Savoyard forces returned to besiege Lyonnais, but pulled back. Lewenhaupt once more tried to attack Liege, but were attacked by French forces and pulled back once more. French forces attacked Pomerania and Norwegian Jutland; Kolding fell on 16 August 1604, whereas Kolberg fell on 19 May 1605. Liegian forces besieged Oldenburg, which fell on 25 June 1604 and made them leave the war.

With the Oresund blockaded by Swedish forces, French troops moved through Livonia, first occupying Memel. The fort at Daugplis fell on 10 January 1606.

### North American Campaign (1601 - )

Swedish troops stationed at Hasterstad sailed to Newfoundland. Following the fall of Baye Saint-Claire, the Swedish heir Karl Johan was ordered to lead troops there. However, they were attacked by French Canadian forces led by Firmin de Villenueve, and were eventually wiped out. Karl Johan narrowly survived by boarding a Swedish ship and returning to Greenland.

English troops then made their attack in French Canada, with Miscou falling on 19 April 1603. French forces retaliated by besieging the Thirteen Colonies and took their capital Charleston on 18 January 1604, though it was liberated on 27 September. Swedish troops also returned to Newfoundland and occupied it.

## End

### Separate Peaces

* In August of 1603, Savoy left the war in the Treaty of Nice. While they only had to pay money and reparations, these reparations were very harsh.
* In January of 1604, Wurzburg also left the war, paying money and reparations in the Treaty of Bamberg.
* On 11 July 1604, Oldenburg left the war following the Treaty of Emden, paying money and reparations.

### Main Peace

On 8 May 1606, the Treaty of London was signed. Aberdeen, Argyll, and the Inner Hebrides were ceded to England.