Kingdom of Jaipur

The **Kingdom of Jaipur** is a puppet Kingdom of the Empire of Iran that is south of the Kingdom of Bikaner, North of the Kingdom of Jodhpur, East of the Kingdom of Jaisalmer and West of the Kingdom of Dholpur. Jaipur was established by Iran to be the homeland of the Rajput people as the city was the capital of Rajasthan before Iran's invasion of India.

## History

### Early History

Jaipur's predecessor state was the Kingdom of Dhundhar or Dausa, founded in 1093 by Dullah Rai, also known as Dulha Rao. The state was known as Amber between the fourteenth century and 1727. In that year, a new capital was built and named Jayapura, when the kingdom was renamed as Jaipur.

### Dhundhar Kingdom

The Kachwahas claim descent from Kusha, son of the legendary Rama. Their ancestors allegedly migrated from Rama's kingdom of Kosala and established a new dynasty at Gwalior. After 31 generations, they moved to Rajputana and created a kingdom at Dhundhar. Dullah Rai, one of the ancestors of the Kachwaha rulers, defeated the Meenas of Manchi and Amber and later completed the conquest of Dhundhar by defeating the Bargurjars of Dausa and Deoti.

### Amber State

The rulers of Amber fought as generals in the army of Prithviraj Chauhan and later under the banner of Rana Sanga against the Mughals under Babur. The small kingdom of Amber was later conquered by Maldev Rathore and became feudatories of Marwar until the 16th century, Raja Bharmal Kachwaha, sought alliance with Akbar to gain his political and military support against the Mirza Sharfuddin Husain and his own divided clansmen. He was invested into the Mughal nobility and his daughter's marriage was fixed to Emperor Akbar. Raja Bharmal's daughter, Mariam-uz-Zamani, who married Akbar, later became the mother of the fourth Mughal emperor Jahangir. She gained prestige in the Mughal court both during the reign of her husband and that of her son as Empress and Queen mother respectively. The Rajas of Amer also gained significant prominence in the Mughal court due to Akbar's need of trustworthy generals against his treacherous Uzbek and other musalman generals and Afghan Rebels.

The Son of Raja Bharmal and his grandson Kunwar Mansingh were given service in mughal empire and Raja Bharwal Returned to his kingdom.

The ruling dynasty of Amber prospered under Mughal rule and provided the Mughal Empire with some distinguished generals. Among them were Bhagwant Das, Man Singh I and Jai Singh I.

### First Jaipur Kingdom

Jai Singh I was succeeded by Ram Singh I, Bishan Singh and Jai Singh II. Jai Singh II, also known as Sawai Jai Singh, ruled the state from 1699 to 1743 and was a famous mathematician and astronomer. During his rule, the new capital city of Jaipur was founded in 1727.

Throughout the disintegration of the Mughal Empire, the armies of Jaipur were in a constant state of warfare. Towards the end of the 18th century, the Jats of Bharatpur and the Kachwaha chief of Alwar declared themselves independent from Jaipur and each annexed the eastern portion of Jaipur's territory. This period of Jaipur's history is characterised by internal power-struggles and constant military conflicts with the Marathas, Jats, other Rajput states, as well as the British and the Pindaris. Jaipur defeated Maratha forces of Mahadji Scindia in the Battle of Lalsot 1787  suffered against the Rathors of Marwar in the Battle of Gangwana with appalling losses. The kingdom again suffered a disastrous defeat at the hands of the Maratha forces of Mahadji Scindia in the Battle of Patan in 1790, forcing the rulers of Jaipur to pay heavy tributes. Nevertheless, enough wealth remained in Jaipur for the patronage of fine temples/palaces, continuity of its courtly traditions and the well-being of its citizens and merchant communities. Jaipurs again fought maratha invaders but ended in a defeat at the Battle of Malpura. A treaty was initially made by Maharaja Sawai Jagat Singh and the British under Governor General Marquis Wellesley in 1803, however the treaty was dissolved shortly afterwards by Wellesley's successor, Lord Cornwallis. In this event, Jaipur's Ambassador to Lord Lake observed that "This was the first time, since the English government was established in India, that it had been known to make its faith subservient to its convenience".

In 1818 Jaipur became a British protectorate by entering into a subsidiary alliance. In 1835 there was a serious disturbance in the city because of a false rumour that the British had murdered the infant raja to ensure the annexation, after which the British government intervened. The state later became well-governed and prosperous. During the Indian rebellion of 1857, when the British invoked the treaty to request assistance in the suppression of rebellious sepoys, the Maharaja opted to preserve his treaty, and thus sent in troops to help to subdue the uprisings in the area around Gurgaon.

Jaipur state had a revenue of Rs.65,00,000 in 1901, making it the wealthiest princely state in Rajputana. Jaipur's last princely ruler signed the accession to the Indian Union on 7 April 1949.

### Restoration

The Kingdom had gained independence after Iran's war with India in the 90s as it was created to be the homeland of the Rajput people by Iran. Bhawani Singh was declared Maharajah of Jaipur after his Kingdom gained independence. Bhawani Singh as a former military veteran had decided to establish a military for Jaipur to defend itself just in case the country is engulfed in war. Singh, as a former soldier was training his army with Indian army drills as Iranians also drilled the army with Iranian army drills. Bhawani Singh was even responsible for the economic and political progress of the country itself. Bhawani had ruled from the time Jaipur gained independence as an independent Kingdom until his death in 2011.

The Maharajah had chosen his successor to be his maternal grandson, Padmanabh Singh to be his heir since the Maharajah only had half brothers, this was very concerning as the boy was merely 11 years old at the time of his ascension to the throne, thus his father who was the son of a man who was friends with Bhawani Singh became the boy's regent. The regency continued until Padmanabh Singh became of age to rule the country of Jaipur.

## Government

Jaipur is a Constitutional Monarchy ruled by a Maharajah who is the ceremonial head of religious institutions such as Hindu Temples, education facilities and all public owned facilities in the country. The Maharajah's enforcer in the political circles is the Prime Minister who is appointed by the Maharajah himself. Jaipur's order of succession is Semi-Saliac in which the Maharajah's heirs are males that are his paternal descendants and males that are maternal descendants. The current Maharajah is the maternal grandson of his predecessor and he was adopted by his maternal grandfather as his maternal Grandfather did not have any sons and his brothers were illegitimate members of the royal family.

* **Maharajah:** Padmanabh Singh
* **Prime Minister:** Narendra Singh
* **Foreign Minister:** Raghuvansh Prasad Singh
* **Economics Minister:** Manorama Singh
* **Industry Minister:** Shankersinh Vaghela
* **Minister of Defense:** Vijai Singh Shekhawat
* **Minister of Intelligence:** Sher Singh Rana
* **Chief of Staff:** Brigadier General Digendra Kumar
* **Chief of State Forces:** Lieutenant General Saurabh Singh Shekhawat

## Military

The Military of Jaipur only consists of 150 Infantry Brigades, 140 Artillery Brigades and 130 Armored Brigades all under the command of the Prime Minister and Chief of State Forces. This is due to Jaipur being a landlocked country within the Indian Peninsula and the fact the only bodies of water Jaipur are the man made lake of Man Sagar Lake and the Dravyavati River. An Air Force is near non existent due to the fact the country does not have enough landmass for an Air Force and the Geography of Jaipur also makes an Air Force Impossible.

## Economy

In addition to its role as the provincial educational, and administrative centre of the Rajiput Kingdoms, the economy of Jaipur is fuelled by tourism, gemstone cutting, the manufacture of jewellery and luxury textiles, and information technology. Three major trade promotion organisations have their offices in Jaipur. These are: Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI) and the PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PHDCCI), Jaipur was ranked 31 among the 50 Emerging Global Outsourcing cities.

### Manufacturing

Jaipur is a major hub for arts and crafts. It has many traditional shops selling antiques, jewelry, handicrafts, gems, bangles, pottery, carpets, textiles, leather and metal products. Jaipur is one of India's largest manufacturers of hand-knotted rugs. Jaipur foot, a rubber-based prosthetic leg for people with below-knee amputations, was designed and is produced in Jaipur.

### Communication

Jaipur has offices of companies like Airtel, Jio, VI (Vodafone-Idea) and BSNL which are providing mobile telephony and there are also various internet service providers in the city. The government of Rajasthan has started free WiFi at various public places like Central Park, Jantar Mantar among others.

### Media

Major daily newspapers in Jaipur include *Amar Ujala*, *Rajasthan Patrika*, *Dainik Bhaskar*, *Indian Express*, *Dainik Navajyoti* and *The Times of India*. The state-owned All India Radio is broadcast both on the medium wave and FM band in the city. Private FM stations include Radio Mirchi (98.3 MHz), Radio City (91.1 MHz), My FM (94.3 MHz), FM Tadka 95 FM (95.0 MHz), Mirchi Love (104.0 MHz), Red FM 93.5 (93.5 MHz) and Gyan Vani (105.6 MHz). The city has a community FM channel in FM Radio 7 (90.4 MHz) by India International School Institutional Network. The public broadcaster Doordarshan (Prasar Bharati) provides a regional channel in addition to the private broadcasters.

### Tourism

Jaipur is a major tourist destination in India forming a part of the Golden Triangle. Visitor attractions include the Birla Auditorium, Albert Hall Museum, Hawa Mahal, Jal Mahal, City Palace, Amer Fort, Jantar Mantar, Nahargarh Fort, Jaigarh Fort, Birla Mandir, Galtaji, Govind Dev Ji Temple, Garh Ganesh Temple, Moti Dungri Ganesh Temple, Sanghiji Jain temple and the Jaipur Zoo. The Jantar Mantar observatory (The Jantar Mantar is a collection of 19 astronomical instruments remarkable at their time.) and Amer Fort are one of the World Heritage Sites. Hawa Mahal is a five-storey pyramidal shaped monument with 953 windows that rises 15 metres (50 ft) from its high base. Sisodiya Rani Bagh and Kanak Vrindavan are the major parks in Jaipur. Raj Mandir is a notable cinema hall in Jaipur.

## Education

Public and private schools in Jaipur are governed by the Central Board of Secondary Education or Board of Secondary Education of Jaipur International Board of education and follow a "10+2" plan. This plan entails eight years of primary education and four years of secondary education. The secondary school includes two years of upper secondary education, which is more specific and diverse than the two years of lower secondary education before it. Languages of instruction include English and Hindi. Admission to graduation colleges in Jaipur, many of which are affiliated with Jaipur National University.

## Culture

Jaipur has many cultural sites like Jawahar Kala Kendra formed by Architect Charles Correa and Ravindra Manch. Government Central Museum hosts several arts and antiquities. There is a government museum at Hawa Mahal and an art gallery at Viratnagar. There are statues depicting Rajasthani culture around the city. Jaipur has many traditional shops selling antiques and handicrafts, as well as contemporary brands reviving traditional techniques, such as Anokhi. The prior rulers of Jaipur patronised a number of arts and crafts. They invited skilled artisans, artists and craftsmen from India and abroad who settled in the city. Some of the crafts include bandhani, block printing, stone carving and sculpture, tarkashi, zari, gota-patti, kinari and zardozi, silver jewellery, gems, kundan, meenakari and jewellery, Lakh ki Chudiya, miniature paintings, blue pottery, ivory carving, shellac work and leather ware.

Jaipur has its own performing arts. The Jaipur Gharana for Kathak is one of the three gharanas of the major north Indian classical dance form of Kathak. The Jaipur Gharana of Kathak is known for its rapid intricate dance forms, vivacious body movements and subtle Abhinaya. The Ghoomar is a popular folk dance style. Tamasha is an art form where Kathputli puppet dance is shown in play form. Major festivals celebrated in Jaipur include Elephant Festival, Gangaur, Makar Sankranti, Holi, Diwali, Vijayadashami, Teej, Eid, Mahavir Jayanti and Christmas. Jaipur is also famous for the Jaipur Literature Festival, the world's largest free literature festival in which authors, writers and literature lovers from all over the country participate.