1994 Commonwealth Games

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The **1994 Commonwealth Games** were held in Victoria, in the province of British Columbia in Canada, from 18 to 28 August 1994.

The XV Commonwealth Games (French: *XV Jeux du Commonwealth*) marked South Africa's return to the Commonwealth Games following the apartheid era, and over 30 years since the country last competed in the Games in 1958. It was also Hong Kong's last appearance at the games before the transfer of sovereignty from Britain to China.

The official mascot of the Games was an anthropomorphic killer whale named "Klee Wyck". "Klee Wyck", meaning "the laughing one", was a nickname given to Canadian painter and sculptor Emily Carr by the Ucluelet First Nation.

Ten types of sports were featured at the Victoria Games: athletics, aquatics, badminton, boxing, cycling, gymnastics, lawn bowls, shooting, weightlifting, and wrestling.

## Selection Process

Three bids for the 1994 Commonwealth Games were submitted. Victoria, New Delhi, and Cardiff were the bidding cities. On 15 September 1988, the Commonwealth Games Federation voted to award Victoria the 1994 Commonwealth Games.

 Cardiff |  Wales | 7

## "Lightweight Games"

Victoria 1994 was considered by many in the Commonwealth movement to be a minimalistic version of the games. After the high memories of Auckland's games four years previously, many considered Victoria to be a mild let-down. Some facilities were old and decrepit such as Victoria Memorial Arena. Other venues were temporary; none more so than the large scaffolding-built stands that totally transformed the University of Victoria's Centennial Stadium.

Overall the games were successful, proving that smaller cities could manage hosting large events such as the Commonwealth Games.

## Final "Original Games"

The 1994 games was the last time Team Sports were excluded. The Commonwealth Games Federation deemed the original set up of ten sports to be obsolete. Beginning with the 1998 games, team sports such as Rugby sevens, Basketball, and Field hockey were added. The decision was taken to encourage more revenue streams from television by making the games more attractive to viewing audiences.

## Opening Ceremony

A simple friendly atmosphere was the theme to the Opening Ceremonies.
In the presence of HRH Prince Edward, the Athletes had a long march past to their seated area (an idea created four years previously and emulated since at the 2014 Games in Glasgow). Welcome speeches and flag raisings were followed by a precision horse riding display by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. A visual and theatrical display by the Four Nations Tribes culminated in a massive Thunderbird symbol covering the entire inner field. This was followed by a flypast by the "Snowbirds" Canadian Forces aerobatic display team.

## Games

### Participating nations

There were 63 participating nations at the 1994 Commonwealth Games.

* File:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda
* Australia
* Bahamas
* File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh
* File:Flag of Barbados.svg.png Barbados
* File:Flag of Belize.svg Belize
* File:Flag of Bermuda.svg Bermuda
* File:Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana
* File:Flag of the British Virgin Islands.svg.png British Virgin Islands
* File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei
* Canada **(host)**
* File:Flag of the Cayman Islands.svg Cayman Islands
* File:Flag of the Cook Islands.svg Cook Islands
* File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus
* Dominica
* England
* File:Flag of the Falkland Islands.svg Falkland Islands
* File:Flag of The Gambia.svg Gambia
* Ghana
* File:Flag of Gibraltar.svg Gibraltar
* File:Flag of Guernsey.svg Guernsey
* File:Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana
* File:Flag of Hong Kong 1959.svg.png Hong Kong
* India
* File:Flag of the Isle of Man.svg Isle of Man
* File:Flag of Jamaica.svg.png Jamaica

* File:Flag of Jersey.svg Jersey
* File:Flag of Kenya.svg.png Kenya
* File:Flag of Lesotho (1987-2006).svg Lesotho
* File:Flag of Malawi.svg Malaŵi
* File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia
* File:Flag of Maldives.svg Maldives
* File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta
* File:Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius
* File:Flag of Montserrat.svg Montserrat
* File:Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia
* File:Flag of Nauru.svg Nauru
* New Zealand
* Nigeria
* File:Flag of Norfolk Island.svg Norfolk Island
* Northern Ireland
* Pakistan
* File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg.png Papua New Guinea
* File:Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis
* File:Flag of Saint Lucia.svg Saint Lucia
* File:Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* Scotland
* File:Flag of Seychelles (1977–1996).svg Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore
* File:Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg Solomon Islands
* South Africa
* File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka
* File:Flag of Eswatini.svg Swaziland
* File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania
* File:Flag of Tonga.svg Tonga
* File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago
* Uganda
* File:Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu
* Wales
* File:Flag of Samoa.svg Western Samoa
* File:Flag of Zambia (1964–1996).svg Zambia
* File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe

 File:Commonwealth games 1994 countries map.PNG
### Sports

There were events in 14 disciplines across 10 sports for the 1994 Commonwealth Games.

Template:Col-1-of-3* Aquatics
	+ File:Diving pictogram.svg Diving (6) (details)
	+ File:Swimming pictogram.svg Swimming (34) (details)
	+ File:Synchronized swimming pictogram.svg Synchronised swimming (2) (details)
* File:Athletics pictogram.svg Athletics (44) (details)
* File:Badminton pictogram.svg Badminton (5) (details)
* File:Boxing pictogram.svg Boxing (12) (details)

Template:Col-2-of-3* Cycling (details)
	+ File:Cycling (road) pictogram.svg Road (4)
	+ File:Cycling (track) pictogram.svg Track (9)
* Gymnastics (details)
	+ File:Gymnastics (artistic) pictogram.svg Artistic gymnastics (14)
	+ File:Gymnastics (rhythmic) pictogram.svg Rhythmic gymnastics (6)
* File:Lawn bowls pictogram.svg Lawn bowls (8) (details)

Template:Col-3-of-3* File:Shooting pictogram.svg Shooting (32) (details)
* File:Weightlifting pictogram.svg Weightlifting (30) (details)
* File:Wrestling pictogram.svg Wrestling (10) (details)

### Calendar

The following table shows a summary of the competition schedule.
Template:1994 Commonwealth Games calendar

### Medal table

This is a full table of the medal count of the 1994 Commonwealth Games. These rankings sort by the number of gold medals earned by a country. The number of silvers is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze. If, after the above, countries are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically. This follows the system used by the IOC, IAAF and BBC.

This is the first time since the commencement of the British Empire Games (in 1930) that England did not achieve a medal ranking in the top 2.

## Medals by event

### Aquatics

Main article: Aquatics at the 1994 Commonwealth Games
### Athletics

Main article: Athletics at the 1994 Commonwealth Games
### Badminton

Main article: Badminton at the 1994 Commonwealth Games
### Bowls

Main article: Lawn Bowls at the 1994 Commonwealth Games

## Boxing committee

In preparation for 1994 Commonwealth Games, a boxing committee was formed in 1989. The chairperson of the boxing committee was Hassan Sunderani, and the initial members were Brian Zelley, Glyn Jones and Mike Sartori.

In the initial stages, of the committee one of the immediate tasks was to prepare a guide as to what was expected at the Games, and to document some history of amateur boxing in the Greater Victoria area. The primary work was done by chairperson Sunderani while the local boxing history was assigned to committee member Zelley, a previous news editor for the British Columbia Amateur Boxing Association in the mid-1980s and a contributor of boxing news to various news outlets in the 1970s and 80s.

The next order of business was to start the process of organising volunteers. The first formal public meeting to begin this process took place in Victoria in the boardroom of the Victoria Commonwealth Games Society on 21 April 1990. The meeting included three of the committee members, a VCHS official, and seven potential volunteers including two former Vancouver Island Amateur Boxing commissioners – Bert Wilkinson and Rick Brough.

The primary decision was to arrange a bigger meeting and consider reviving the Greater Victoria Amateur Boxing Association on a formal or informal basis and to have former experienced persons with some background in the sport of amateur boxing. That meeting took place on 13 May 1990 with twenty three persons in attendance and was listed as the "Greater Victoria Amateur Boxing Association Founding Meeting", and took place at the Princess Mary restaurant. This would become an important meeting to begin the real work in preparation of volunteers; having a representative attend the 1990 Seattle Goodwill Games to observe; and plan and prepare for a test event in 1993. Preliminary coverage of the 13 May meeting included a piece a couple of days earlier titled *Approaching Games to lift amateur boxing's profile*. The reporter Jeff Rud interviewed Games official John Stothart and boxing committee members Mike Sartori and Brian Zelley.

The 1993 test event was held in August and would include some top Canadian boxers such as Dale Brown of Calgary. Brown was highlighted in the local paper with the headlines *Brown building impressive ring career*; at the end of the tournament the local newspaper reported *"Tournament was a perfect dry run" by Jeff Rud, 29 August 1993.*

### Interim Boxing chairman

During 1991 Hassan Sunderani resigned as the chairman and committee member Brian Zelley stepped-in for a one-year period as the acting chairman of the committee. During this period, the primary role was to attend Sports Committee meetings while the local boxing community started to organise for potential boxing club activity. In 1992, Sunderani resumed his position and steps were taken to prepare for the pre-Commonwealth Games event in 1993. Also, some new members were appointed to the boxing committee such as Tom Black.

## References

1. ↑ http://www.umanitoba.ca/cm/cmarchive/vol21no6/revkleewyck.html
2. ↑ http://bcheritage.ca/emilycarrhomework/writing/klee.htm
3. ↑ "Victoria wins 1994 Games". New Straits Times. 16 September 1988. Retrieved 9 March 2016. Italic or bold markup not allowed in: `|publisher=` (help)
4. ↑ "Times-Colonist. Jeff Rud, 11 May 1990.
5. ↑ "Times-Colonist", 27 August 1993.
6. ↑ "Times-Colonist, 29 August 1993.
7. ↑ Victoria Commonwealth Games Society, Sports Committee Meetings during 1991.
8. ↑ Times-Colonist, 17 May 1993

* 21 April 1990, Minutes of a Meeting of Victoria Boxing Enthusiasts
* 13 May 1990, Minutes of Greater Victoria Amateur Boxing Association Founding Meeting

## External links

* Commonwealth Games Official Site

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Template:Commonwealth Games Associations at the 1994 Commonwealth Games
Template:Commonwealth Games years
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