recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Jean Beazley

## Jean Blake, née Beazley

Christopher Beazley II (son)

Jack Beazley (son)

Danny Parks (nephew)

Jean Beazley is Lucien Blake's housekeeper and love interest as well as the second protagonist. She is portrayed by Australian actress Nadine Garner.

## Biography

### Marriage

Before the war, Jean used to be married to Christopher Beazley and they lived together in a farm which would later go to Ben and Ruth Dempster.

She had always wanted to travel out of Ballarat and see the world, whereas her husband was content with a simple sedentary life. Not long after the start of the war, she asked him if that was the reason of his not enlisting in the army, which he took as his manliness being called into question. He therefore enlisted and was deployed to the front, dying two weeks afterward.

## Personality

Jean is as proud and independent as a woman could be in 1950s Australia. She is also a devout catholic and part of a knitting circle.

As a mature widow, she is very conservative and modest, as shown by her clothing, often flattering and very well put together, but never revealing, as well as her hair which is styled the exact same way all throughout the series.

For Lucien Blake, she is a figure of order and regularity to contrast his own chaotic way of life. She also obviously harbors strong feelings for him, but attempts to hide them on account of being his housekeeper and a widow. At first, she is close to a maternal figure, preparing his dinner and putting him to bed after he's spent the night drinking. As the series progresses, however, Jean progressively comes closer and eventually shows obvious manifestations of love.

Jean appears to be fiercely protective of her children, and tries as best she can to defend and support them, for instance when she confronts an angry mob of men accusing Jack of murder. Sometimes, however this turns to rashness or mild paranoia, such as dissuading Mattie from seducing Jack when in reality he was the one making inappropriate advances toward the nurse.
Research Triangulation

video File:Placeholder
Research Triangulation is the use of two or more research methods where the weaknesses of one method can be offset by the strength of another to improve overall research reliability and validity.

## Argument for use of triangulation

As Parke and Griffith (2002) argue: "One obvious advantage of non-participant observation is that it relies only on observing behavior. Since the researcher cannot interact in the behavioural processes, most data collected will be qualitative, interpretative, and to some extent, limited. However,by using other methodological research tools, suspicions, interpretations and even hypotheses can be confirmed."

## Critiques

Practical issues
paradigms - incompatible
embedded methods
Write the second section of your page here.
Past papers

This page contains sociology test papers that have been used by various test centres in the past.

## Cambridge AS past papers (9699)

### Summer 2014

9699/11/M/J/14

9699/12/M/J/14

9699/13/M/J/14

9699/21/M/J/14

9699/22/M/J/14

9699/23/M/J/14

### Winter 2014

9699/11/O/N/14

9699/12/O/N/14

9699/13/O/N/14

9699/21/O/N/14

9699/22/O/N/14

9699/23/O/N/14

### Summer 2015

9699/11/M/J/15

9699/12/M/J/15

9699/13/M/J/15

9699/21/M/J/15

9699/22/M/J/15

9699/23/M/J/15

### Winter 2015

9699/11/O/N/15

9699/12/O/N/15

9699/13/O/N/15

9699/21/O/N/15

9699/22/O/N/15

9699/23/O/N/15

### Summer 2016

9699/11/M/J/16

9699/12/M/J/16

9699/13/M/J/16

9699/21/M/J/16

9699/22/M/J/16

9699/23/M/J/16

### Winter 2016

9699/11/O/N/16

9699/12/O/N/16

9699/13/O/N/16

9699/21/O/N/16

9699/22/O/N/16

9699/23/O/N/16

## Cambridge AL past papers (9699)

### Summer 2014

9699/31/M/J/14

9699/32/M/J/14

9699/33/M/J/14

### Winter 2014

9699/31/O/N/14

9699/32/O/N/14

9699/33/O/N/14

### Summer 2015

9699/31/M/J/15

9699/32/M/J/15

9699/33/M/J/15

### Winter 2015

9699/31/O/N/15

9699/32/O/N/15

9699/33/O/N/15

### Summer 2016

9699/31/M/J/16

9699/32/M/J/16

9699/33/M/J/16

### Winter 2016

9699/31/O/N/16

9699/32/O/N/16

9699/33/O/N/16

## Links

You can find PDF versions of the past papers on the Cambridge website: \

http://www.cie.org.uk/programmes-and-qualifications/cambridge-international-as-and-a-level-sociology-9699/past-papers/

video File:Placeholder
Case studies

## Overview

A case study is an in-depth study of a particular group or 'case'. It is often longitudinal—studied over a long period of time. A range of qualitative methods such as interviews and participant observation can be used in a case study.

## Strengths

* In-depth qualitative study is likely to be high in validity
* People can 'speak for themselves'
* Sometimes a small-scale case study is used as a pilot study

## Limitations

* Practical issues such as research fundings and time
* Sometimes difficult to generalise the results to a larger population
Positivism

## Introduction

Positivism is one of the two main approach to sociology. Positivism assumes there exist objective sociological facts just as objective scientific fact, and employ systemic, objective method to discover these facts. Because of such assumptions, structural theories develop from this methodological approach.

Although often considered to be an approach opposite to interpretivism, such an division is often criticized for establishing an false dichotomy; normally the sociologists will conduct experiments using both methodological approach without taking sides.

## Key Sociologists

**Auguste Comte**

**Emile Durkheim**

## Critique

1. Quantitative researchers fail to distinguish people and social institutions from 'the world of nature'. (Schutz (1962)) As Schutz argues, social scientists who employ a natural science model with treating the social world are turning a blind eye to the differences between the social and the natural world. More particularly, it means ignoring the riding roughshod over the fact that people interpret the world around them, whereas this capacity for self-reflection cannot be found among the objects of the natural sciences ('molecules, atoms and electrons')

2.The measurement process possesses an artificial and spurious sense of precision and accuracy.

3.The reliance on instruments and procedures hinders the connection between research and everyday life.

4.The analysis of relationships between variables creates a static view of social life that is independent of people's lives.
Interviews

## **Structured interview**

An interview schedule is involved in a structured interview. All respondents will be asked a same set of questions prepared beforehand, and the order and phrasing of the questions should be standardised for every interviewee.

Evaluation points:

## **Semi-structured interview**

A semi-structured interview is not structured by a list of preset questions, but the interviewer has control over the focus and direction of the interview. Unlike structured interviews, respondents are encouraged to go into details at certain points, and different respondents might receive different questions.

Evaluation points:

## **Unstructured interview**

It aims to get the respondent to talk freely about whatever they think is important, so that the researcher could develop more understanding over the subject. Questions are non-standardised, and the researcher has little control over the direction of the interview.

Evaluation points:

## **Group interview (focus groups)**

A group interview involves a selected group of respondents having a discussion over a topic selected by the researcher, who has control over the focus of the interview. It allows interactions between the group members, assuming that people would be more comfortable sharing ideas in such an environment.

Evaluation points:

## **Interviewer effect**

Characteristics of the interviewer, such as gender and race, may cause a distortion of the response provided by the respondents. For example, a female victim of domestic violence might not trust or feel comfortable with opening up to a male interviewer. Regarding sensitive topics, people may choose to provide socially desirable answers as they fear the consequences of revealing their own thoughts. For some, the mere presence of the interviewer can cause stress, making their response less natural.
Experiments

## Overview

In an experiment, the researcher manipulates the **independent variable**(IV) to see if a change can be induced in the **dependent variable**(DV) while confounding variables are sometimes controlled. Experiments aim to test the relationship between variables, which can be either:

* Correlations: two or more things occur at roughly the same time. This suggests a possible relationship that is not necessarily causal.
* Causation: when A happens, B must follow as B is caused by A. This suggests a relationship of causal and predictive nature.

## Laboratory experiments

Lab experiments takes place in a laboratory, where conditions can be monitored and controlled. An example of a lab experiment is Bandura et al.'s (1963) 'Bobo doll experiment'. It showed how violent behaviour represented in the media(IV) can affect children's behaviour(DV). Three experimental groups and a control group were used.

* Experimental group: subjects of the experiment. IV is manipulated (in this case, films depicting violent behaviours were shown to the children)
* Control group: another group with matched characteristics of the experimental group, however, the IV will not be manipulated (in this case, the children were not shown violent film)

Bandura et al. found at worst a correlation and, at best, a causal relationship between seeing violence and acting violently. To further separate correlation from causality, the test-retest method can be used. If replicating the experiment (with different participants, for example) constantly achieve the same result, the relationship established is more likely to be causal.

### Strengths

* Easy to replicate
* Can establish cause-and-effect relationships

### Limitations

* Hawthorne/observer effect
* Artificial environment reduces ecological validity

## Field/natural experiments

Field/natural experiments take place in a natural setting, which is much more commonly used than lab experiments in Sociology. Since it's more difficult to exert control over the environment/conditions, correlations rather than causations are more likely to be established.

Rosenthal and Jacobson(1968) conducted a field experiment inside a school on how expectations from the teachers about the ability of their pupils(IV) can affect the educational achievement of the pupils(DV). They gave a sophisticated IQ test to the pupils, randomly selected some students and then told the teachers that those students would display 'dramatic intellectual growth'. They retested the pupils at a later date and found a significant increase in the IQ scores of the 'late-developers'.

### Strengths

* High ecological validity
* Participants behave more naturally if unaware of being studied

### Limitations

* Less likely to control the conditions
* Unethical to study participants (if) without consent
Editing the wikia

It's simple. Either click on the Edit button in the top-left hand corner on the page you wish to edit or an Editbutton to the right of a heading to enter the page editing interface.

After you add or change the desired content, click the Save button on the top-right hand corner to save your work.

## How do I add links?

To add a link to another page, select the text to be used as the link, and click the chain button on the top bar of the editor;

A prompt to enter the name of the page to link to will show up; by clicking done anyone who clicks on the name will be redirected to the page with the name you specified in the prompt, which does not have to be the same as the text used as the link:
How to edit the wikia will take you back to this this exact page.

For external links, simply type the link as it is; no additional actions are required:

https://www.youtube.com

## How do I add pictures?

To add a picture to a page, click the picture button on the top-left hand corner; a prompt will show up for you to drag the desired picture into it. Do not drag pictures directly into the editor; it will likely change the page you are on resulting in you potentially losing the changes you've made.

Choose 'This will be used in a way that qualifies as fair under the U.S. law' for pictures not hand-drawn; otherwise choose 'I created this picture myself'. (See the pictures in the homepage for examples of hand-drawn pictures.)

Links can be added to pictures: to do so open the source editor through the drop-down menu to the left of the cancel button and find the code for your picture which should be identifiable from text by being encased in double brackets:

## How do I make these 'hide/show' buttons for revealing additional content?

This is very useful for stuff such as hiding hints to questions; open the source editor and find the title where you want the button to be (for example **hints:[show]**).

Write the following code around your title and the content you wish to hide:

<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext='''"Expand"''' data-collapsetext='''"Collapse"'''>

**\*Your title\***

<div class="mw-collapsible-content">

**\*Content you wish to hide\***

</div>

</div>

You can customize the text on the button through changing the bold areas as highlighted in the code: 'expandtext' is the text shown on the button when the content is hidden; 'collapsetext' is the text shown on the button when the content is shown.

### Like this

Check out the source code of this part to see how the text on the button was customized.
The Doctor Blake Mysteries Wikia

### About

The Doctor Blake Mysteries is an Australian television series that premiered on ABC TV on 1 February 2013. The series stars Craig McLachlan in the lead role of Doctor Lucien Blake, who returns home to Ballarat, northwest of Melbourne, in the late 1950s to take over his late father's general medical practice and role as police surgeon after an absence of 30 years

Lucien BlakeJean BeazleyMattie O'BrienMatthew Lawson

### News

**The Doctor Blake Mysteries - Alibi HD - TVguide.co.uk - - 2024/01/30 03:41**

The Doctor Blake Mysteries - Alibi HD  TVguide.co.uk...

**The Doctor Blake Mysteries - Alibi HD - TVguide.co.uk - - 2024/01/26 08:05**

The Doctor Blake Mysteries - Alibi HD  TVguide.co.uk...

**The Doctor Blake Mysteries - Alibi HD - TVguide.co.uk - - 2024/01/25 07:02**

The Doctor Blake Mysteries - Alibi HD  TVguide.co.uk...

**The Doctor Blake Mysteries - Alibi HD - TVguide.co.uk - - 2024/01/24 07:05**

The Doctor Blake Mysteries - Alibi HD  TVguide.co.uk...

**The Doctor Blake Mysteries - Alibi HD - TVguide.co.uk - - 2024/01/23 07:04**

The Doctor Blake Mysteries - Alibi HD  TVguide.co.uk...
Socialization

**Socialization** is a sociological concept referring to the process of providing an individual with the vital skills, norms, and values for participating in their own society.

Methods of socialization can be categorized into two general types: Primary socialization and secondary socialization. The idea is theorized by Talcott Parsons (1937,1951,1955,1959)

## Primary socialization

Family is considered as the most important agency of primary socialisation in which children primarily learn through **identification** with **significant others** (parents). Within the family, children learn language and basic behavioural patterns which form the foundation for later learning.

Functionalists believe primary socialization particularly important for it is a crucial stage for children to learn about segregated gender roles.

## Secondary socialization

Later in childhood and into maturity, secondary socialization takes place through a process of interaction during which individuals are actively engaged (Stanley&Wise, 2002). Agencies of socialization at this stage include education, mass media, religion, etc.

Parsons (1961) considered school as a **focal socialising agency** as it acts as a bridge between the family and the society as it 'emancipates children from primary attachment' and allows them to 'internalise a level of society's values and norms that is a step high than those learnt within family' through interactions with strangers.

It is especially important to note that education involves two kinds of curricula: **formal curriculum** and **hidden curriculum** (Jackson, 1968)

## Gender-role socialisation

Oakley (1974) argues that there are distinct gender roles for men and women that derive from **culture** rather than from biology. Although gender roles may vary from society to society, it is ubiquitous that men have **dominance** over women. From a feminist perspective, socialisation is the process in which different gender roles are learned and patriarchy is reinforced.

## Social sanctions

**Social sanctions** are used to socialize individuals; they either encourage or discourage an individual from acting in a specific way in order to mould their behaviour.

**Positive** and **negative** sanctions:

Positive sanctions **encourage** behaviour, e.g. a teacher's verbal reward for well-performing students.

Negative sanctions **discourage** behaviour, e.g. parents spanking naughty children.

**Formal** and **informal** sanctions:

Informal sanctions control individuals through **informal agreements**, e.g. ridicule for straying away from customs.

Formal sanctions control individuals through **written rules**, e.g. law enforcement.

You can find further information on Haralambos p756; Giddens p339
A Glasgow Gang Observed

James Patrick’ is a pseudonym for a researcher who in the mid
1960s observed a Glaswegian gang in the Maryhill district for four months. He
found a gang member called Tim in an approved school, and Tim got him into the
gang. Given his privileged position and knowledge, Tim also protected the
researcher. Tim in Glasgow was especially important because one gang member
became suspicious and stated this to others when ‘James Patrick’ did not want
to carry a weapon when the gang engaged in fights with rivals. He also held
back from the actual fights. Tim would then come in on his side. Nevertheless
the researcher did not write his field notes until after the research.

‘James Patrick’ left Glasgow quickly when the violence became
too unacceptable for him and he felt threatened. By memory after the events he
reproduced rich data on the speech and ways of the gang, although the research
itself was presented in a neutral and academic style. He was afraid of the gang
and waited years before publishing; this was also to protect their identities.
It was published in 1973 as “*A*
Glasgow Gang Observed*”.*

‘Patrick’s’ findings relate to social conditions that led to
such a gang forming and becoming so intense in their behaviour, and that a core
activity of the group was to put themselves into conflict situations where they
may well have to fight but where actual fighting often did not happen. The
Glasgow gang was found to be equivalent in behaviour and custom to the
experience of gangs in the United States.
Qualitative data

Qualitative data means non-numerical data which reflects the quality of a subject. It aims to provide explanations for complex human behaviours in different contexts.

It is often associated with unstructured interviews, observations and semiology

## Strengths

More realistic since people are allowed to talk and act freely in a more natural setting

Researcher is more likely to establish a strong rapport with respondents/participants

Data-rich; detailed accounts of thoughts/behaviours can be collected

Seeks to explain 'why', which is useful for solving problems or just for the sake of understanding

## Limitations

Time-consuming, difficult to study a large number of people, thus limits generalisability

Qualitative data is not really comparable...difficult to make comparisons across location and time

Higher risk to bias which might be introduced from either the researcher or participants

Lower reliability since unable/difficult to replicate the research
Topup Pulsa Android

**Topup Pulsa Telkomsel / XL / Voucher Smartfren**

1. Login ke dalam game menggunakan akun Guest, NGames atau Facebook.

2. Tingkatkan Level sampai Lv.20 dan Fame sampai 100 Fame untuk memunculkan tombol “Beli Gold”

3. Tekan Tombol “Beli Gold” di pojok kiri atas.

4.Pilih Pilihan kedua "Recharge" dan pilih kembali ke "Mimopay" agar tidak muncul tulisan 'Coming soon', lalu pilih operator pulsa Anda.

5.Ikuti petunjuk pada layar sampai transaksi berhasil, dan selamat! Gold atau Kartu Bulanan akan diperoleh dalam waktu 1-5 menit.
Imperial Struggle/Action Rounds

In *Imperial Struggle*, during the Action Phase of each Peace Turn, players have four Action Rounds. In each Action Round, you follow these steps:

1. Select an Investment tile.
2. Optionally play an Event card if the selected Investment tile has an Event symbol.
3. Spend the Action Points shown on the chosen Investment tile. These Action Points come in three types: Economic, Diplomatic, and Military, each allowing you to perform different actions.
4. You can increase your Action Point allotment by incurring Debt or spending Treaty Points if needed.

In each Action Round, a player must either choose an Investment tile or Pass. If an Investment tile has an Event symbol, you have the option to play an Event card. After resolving the Event card, you can spend the Action Points provided by the Investment tile, supplementing them with Treaty Points or Debt if desired. Successful coordination of Event cards, Ministry card bonuses, Advantages, and Investment tiles is essential for gaining an advantage in the game Imperial Struggle.
Functionalism

## Basic ideas

Functionalism is a perspective that attempt to understand society by analyzing the functions each social institutions serves. As the word function implies, Functionalism almost sees society as a organism that continue its existence through the co-functioning of its different body parts.

As accused by many sociologists, the way functionalism analyze society dictates that this perspective will construct a rather idealistic, and sometimes unrealistic understanding of society. Functionality is defined as the positive contribution different social institution made to ensure the survival of society, and thus it is classified as "consensus theory" (It is intuitional to suggests that harmonious interaction between social institutions will have positive contribution toward society. However, it is worth noticing that it is not always as such; for example, a certain level of crime is functional for soceity) . Therefore, functionalism, rather than deducting the function of institutions by observing their behaviors, create functions the institutions may serve and then try to apply those functions to the behaviors of the institutions. This can be problematic because this way of understanding assume that all social structures must have positive contributions to the survival of society, thereby ignoring the possibility that some social institutions may not serve functions at all, or may be harmful to the society.

Being a structural theory, Functionalism describes society in a top-down manner. The primary interest of the functionalists is to show how the cooperations inside the social structure maintain the society. This perspective gives little space for individuals' will of influencing society, since functionalism almost assumes that once the function is settled the individuals inside will automatically comply to the demand of the system.

## Criticisms

- As stated earlier in this entry, Functionalism seems to be dedicated to the "consensus" part of society. It is essentially hard for functionalism to decide whether an institution contribute to the existence of society or not (they may hold the view that there is a mechanism, similar to those in organism, embedded in society which helps to eliminate useless or harmful institution; but the existence or at least the efficiency of the mechanism is in question.)

-The studies are based on
interpretations of the researcher rather than empirical data.

## Related links

Wikipedia entry: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural\_functionalism
A-Level Sociology Wikia

## Welcome to the A-Level Sociology Wikia

This wiki is dedicated to helping students develop an interest in sociology, and to help those studying the subject (especially Alevel) achieve better grades through the resources provided here.

## What is Sociology?-course overview

**Sociology** is the study of social behavior or society, including its origins, development, organization, networks, and institutions. It is a social science that uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about social order, disorder, and change.[1]

It is still debated today as to whether Sociology is a scientific discipline. Learn more

## How can I help the Alevel Sociology Wikia?

**It's easy**. If you have any content related to Alevel Sociology, feel free to click the 'edit' button on the relevant page (or create a new one if needed) and add it in.

Alternatively you can send the content through **alevelsocwiki\_scie@163.com** to our team.

Need help? Read this guide on editing here.

## Latest activities

Photos and videos are a great way to add visuals to your wiki. Find videos about your topic by exploring Wikia's Video Library.
Marxist feminism

Marxists feminists believe that gender equality should be
reached by the abolition of Capitalism, as its practices result in the exploitation of women in the domestic sphere by men.

## Key ideas

In a capitalist society, housewives bear and raise children at no cost to the capitalist system. They then socialize children with capitalist beliefs, including the idea that it is
natural for women to be men’s subordinates. Due to this type of domestic service being unpaid, it is often seen as "inferior work" to men's work which earns money, despite being equally important. In needed times, women can become available for employment as a "reserve army of labour", but are not treated equally, as they are usually fired first when redundancy occurs, thus causing them to returning to their housewife roles.

## Evaluations

**Margaret Benston**

**Fran Ansley**

**Selma James**

## Criticisms

-Criticised by liberal feminists: Marxist feminism ignores the fact that some
women may actually enjoy doing housework and childcare.

-Women’s
oppression is based purely on economic factors in this theory of feminism; it ignores all other factors such
as culture and family structure.

-In communist societies, gender equality
haven’t been very well achieved: e.g. the USSR banned abortion in the late 1920s.

## Related theories

Marxism

Feminism

Liberal feminism

Radical feminism

Postmodern feminism
Semiology

## Overview

Semiology is a research method involving the analysis of language and signs.

Semiology operates on the belief that no sign has a definite meaning, and that different signs can be assigned to different meanings as needed. For example, switching the meanings of 'up' and 'down' so that 'up' means 'below' and 'down' means 'above' would have little effect on the society, as it is only the signs assigned to meanings that have been changed instead of the actual meanings. Therefore, studying the meanings behind signs and the reasons for the formation of these relationships can prove useful in analyzing different social phenomena, especially those ideology-related.

Semiology is often performed on:

* Language: Analysing the meaning behind speech, written text, recordings, etc. (Also known as content analysis)
* Behaviour: Analysing norms and values, customs, rituals, etc. in an environment.
* Communication codes: Literature, fashion, etc.

## Strengths

* High validity: qualitative data is produced.

## Weaknesses

* Interpretation is needed to analyse data collected; therefore, the results can be affected by researcher bias.
* Low reliability: individual studies are hard to replicate

## Examples of Research

Oxfam - Asylum: The Truth Behind The
Headlines
Content analysis

## Overview

Content analysis is used for the systematic analysis of media texts and communications (e.g.television, written documents, websites, etc.) Berelson(1952): content analysis is "a research technique for the objective, systematic, and quantitative description of the manifest content of communication." Though content analysis can be an 'umbrella term', referring to both quantitative and qualitative forms of analysis, for the qualitative method, please see semiology.

## Strengths

Content analysis enables sociologists to:

* Uncover underlying patterns and themes that may not be immediately apparent
* Uncover recurrent themes with predictive qualities, such as female associations with housework
* 'Concept mapping': to organise knowledge and draw complex conclusions from simple data-collection techniques

## Limitations

* Interpretations is involved, so result might be influenced by subjective judgements by the researchers
* Might be difficult to replicate the study
* Tells us little about 'how' and 'why' the underlying themes and patterns exist, and the audience's response towards it.
Rebirthing

Rebirthing
is a new age movement created in the 1970s by Leonard Orr, advocating the
practice of a special type of yoga called Prana Yoga, which allegedly helps the
individual to forget painful memories by mimicking of the birth process from
the mother’s womb.

## Beliefs

Rebirthing
focuses heavily on the use of breathwork; it believes that the breath is a
bridge between the conscious and the unconscious as while one breathes unconsciously,
breathing can also be controlled consciously. Sessions of rebirthing involves continually
breathing without break, which claims to have the effect of changing the carbon
dioxide level in the brain, bringing out memories, emotions and body sensations
for review or ‘deleting’.

## Membership

Initial sessions of Rebirthing are practiced collectively in clubs, lasting around
1-2 hours each and led by Rebirthing ‘coaches’; after an individual has
experienced 10-20 collective Rebirthing sessions, he/she would be ‘experienced’
enough to rebirth at home by themselves.

## Leadership

There is no clear leadership structure within the rebirthing movement: while
the movement was created by Leonard Orr, many rebirthing clubs exist in the
western world under separate leaderships, each led by a number of Rebirthing
coaches.

## Significant events

Rebirthing has been banned in the US state of Colorado after a 10-year
old girl, Candace, died in one of her rebirthing sessions in 2001. The
technique used in that session was a variant; rebirthing practitioners trapped
the girl with items weighing over 300kg and asked her to ‘squeeze out’ of the
pile to experience the process of birth and be ‘reborn’. When the girl was
released, she was found to have stopped breathing and she died on the next day.
This incident resulted in all psychotherapies which use active restraint,
including rebirthing, to be banned in Colorado.

## Critiques

No one has conducted sociological research on Rebirthing up to now, however the
movement has been criticized by anti-cult experts claiming that the movement is
irrational for being proud of their ‘bizarre’ practices unsupported by
scientific evidence, and has faced criticism from various psychologists on
their beliefs.

## Editors

* Billy
* Kery

## References

http://www.mcs.ca/vitalspark/2040\_therapies/518rebi.html

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1174742/

Back to Research
Hudy102

**Hudy102** (znany także jako TikiTaka TV) – nieaktywny reżyser machinimy, stworzył również kilka teledysków. Konto założył **14 kwietnia 2007**. Jego najpopularniejszy film to "**Gothic - Tekstury Pancerzy**".

## Filmy

1. Gothic - Music MiX 1/6
2. Gothic - Music MiX 2/6
3. Gothic - Rada Puchaczy
4. Gothic - Wiedźminskie teksty
5. Gothic - Chłopcy idą na wojnę
6. Gothic - Kariera Wrzoda
7. Gothic - Tekstury Pancerzy HD
8. Gothic - Music MiX 3/6
9. Gothic - Poradnik toggle desktop
10. Gothic - Wódka
11. Gothic - Music MiX 4/6
12. Gothic The Story
13. Gothic - Dres
14. Wiedźmin - Opowieść
15. Gothic - Pojedynek Mutantów
16. Gothic - Misja Specjalna
17. Gothic - Music MiX 5/6
18. Gothic - Murzynek Bambo
19. Gothic - Otwieram Wino
20. Gothic - Music MiX 6/6
21. Gothic - Misja Samobójcza
22. Gothic - GSS Life Trailer
23. Gothic - Koci Wybryk
24. Gothic - Teledisk - We no speak Americano
25. Gothic - Człowiek z wielką Pałą
26. Gothic - Music Mix 1/5
27. Gothic - Music Mix 2/5
28. Gothic - Xardas Magia Świąt
29. Gothic - Prezes
30. Gothic - Historia Dextera
31. Gothic - Freestyler
32. Gothic - Techno Thorus
33. Gothic Gangam Style
34. Gothic - Przygody Macieja
35. Gothic 3 - Special - Jak przynieść orka?
36. Gothic - Misja Specjalna
Stratified sample

**Stratified sampling** is commonly used probability method that is superior to random sampling because it reduces sampling error. A stratum is a subset of the population that share at least one common characteristic. Examples of stratums might be males and females, or managers and non-managers. The researcher first identifies the relevant stratums and their actual representation in the population. Random sampling is then used to select a *sufficient* number of subjects from each stratum. "*Sufficient*" refers to a sample size large enough for us to be reasonably confident that the stratum represents the population. Stratified sampling is often used when one or more of the stratums in the population have a low incidence relative to the other stratums.
Snowball sample

Snowball sampling (also known as chain-referral sampling) is a non-probability (non-random) sampling method used when characteristics to be possessed by samples are rare and difficult to find. For example, if you are studying the level of customer satisfaction among elite Nirvana Bali Golf Club in Bali, you will find it increasingly difficult to find primary data sources unless a member is willing to provide you with contacts of other members.

As the sample builds up, enough data are gathered to be useful for research. As sample members are not selected from a sampling frame, snowball samples are subject to numerous biases. For example, people who have many friends are more likely to be recruited into the sample.

If the topic of the research is not sensitive or personal, it may be acceptable for subjects to provide researchers with names and contact information for people who might be interested in participation.  If the topic is sensitive or personal, snowball sampling may be justified, but care should be taken to ensure that the potential subjects' privacy is not violated.   For example, studies of networks of drug users or studies tracking sex partners require extreme caution with information gathered from one subject about another.

### Applications

1. Establish a contact with one or two initial cases from the sampling frame. This stage is usually the most difficult one.
2. Request the initial cases to identify more cases
3. Ask new cases to identify further cases (and so on)
4. Stop when:

* a) Your pre-specified sample size has been completed;
* b) There are no further cases left;
* c) Pursuing further cases will make the project unmanageable due to the large size.

### Advantages

1. It is possible for the surveyors to include people in the survey that they would not have known.
2. There are no lists or other obvious sources for locating members of the population (e.g. the homeless, users of illegal drugs).
3. As subjects are used to locate the hidden population, the researcher invest less money and time in sampling.
4. Snowball sampling method does not require complex planning and the staffing required is considerably smaller in comparison to other.

### Disadvantages

1. Oversampling a particular network of peers can lead to bias
2. Respondents may be hesitant to provide names of peers and asking them to do so may raise ethical concerns
3. There is no guarantee about the representativeness of samples. It is not possible to determine the actual pattern of distribution of population.
4. It is not possible to determine the sampling error and make statistical inferences from the sample to the population due to the absence of random selection of samples
Zeros94

**Zeros94** – jeden z reżyserów gothicowej machinimy. Jego najpopularniejsza seria to "**Kryształy Mocy**". Obecnie ma ponad 1200 widzów. Kanał założył w 2006/2007 roku, ale pierwszy film z machinimy na YouTube pojawił się w marcu 2009 roku.

## Przyszłe produkcje

Ma w planach trzy większe produkcje, a mianowicie: POWSTANIE (sequel UPADKU), Dochodzenie (serial) i kolejna część Kryształów Mocy.

## Najważniejsze serie

* Kłopoty w Kolonii - sezon 1
* Kryształy Mocy
* Kłopoty w Kolonii - sezon 2
* Kryształy Mocy 2
* Upadek

## Linki zewnętrzne

* Link do nowego kanału
* Link do starego kanału
TheNikerX

**TheNikerX** – jeden z nielicznych reżyserów machinimy w Gothic 3. Konto założył **9 czerwca 2010**. Najpopularniejszy fim stworzony przez tego użytkownika, to **Smutna historia orka Theo**, nagrana w dodatku do Gothica 3 - Zmierzchu Bogów. Był członkiem nieistniejącego już Studia Filmowego Monastyr.

## Filmy NikerX'a

Filmy podane są w kolejności chronologicznej, od najstarszego, do najnowszego.

1. Gothic 3: Rekrutancja
2. Gothic 3: Kolęda
3. Gothic 3: 10000 BC
4. Arcania: Poradnik filmowca
5. Gothic 3: Jakiś gościu chce zastąpić Beziego
6. Gothic 3 ZB: Smutna historia orka Theo
7. Gothic 3: Od zera do reżysera
8. Gothic 3: Play ani!
Amhyr

## Amhyr666

**Amhyr666** – reżyser machinimy. Swoje konto na Youtube (trzecie) założył 17 grudnia 2012 i jest ono czynne do teraz. Jest obecnie członkiem studia Red Dragon Company.

## Gothic: Kłest

19 grudnia 2012 r. na serwisie Youtube pojawiła się pierwsza część cyklu, noszącego nazwę **Gothic: Kłest**. Opowiada on o Bezimiennym bohaterze, który ma za zadanie zniszczyć kostkę przeznaczenia.

### **Kontrowersje wokół zakończenia**

Amhyr zakończył swój serial na szóstym odcinku, tłumacząc to chęcią zrobienia czegoś na wyższym poziomie. Poniżej domniemana wypowiedź Amhyra:

*"Sądzę, iż moje umiejętności jako filmowego autora znacznie przewyższyły efekt pierwotny. Kłest był jedynie próbą. Teraz biorę się za coś poważniejszego"*.

## Mózgotrzepy

**Mózgotrzepy** – kilkuminutowe (2-3) filmiki komediowe.

## Gothic: Ja Złodziej

Po zakończeniu pracy nad **Kłestem**, Amhyr wziął się za projekt **Ja Złodziej**, opowiadający o losach pewnego człowieka, który chce zostać złodziejem. Pierwszy odcinek pojawił się 20 stycznia 2013 r.

## Gildia Chrząszczy

Amhyr był członkiem Gildii Chrząszczy, ale został wyrzucony z powodu braku aktywności.

## Gothic: Super Zdzisław

Najpopularniejszy film Amhyra, 15 minutowa komedia opowiadająca o losach Super Zdzisława

## Gothic: Straceńcy

Dwuczęściowy, poważny film będący luzną adaptacją Nędzników Victora Hugo. Opus vitae Amhyra.
Sociology as a science

Sociology can either be viewed as a natural science or a social science. These two viewpoints form two distinct approaches to Sociology.

are "truths" behind every society. Therefore,
methods similar to **natural sciences** should
be used. Prefers **quantitative** data.
society is formed by people's actions.
Therefore, methods similar to **social sciences**
should be used. Prefers **qualitative** data.

These viewpoints are not factions; modern sociologists tend to combine methods from both approaches.
Rite Site

**RiTe SiTe -** Studio powstałe z inicjatywy JayBonafide w **20 listopada 2017** jednak oficjalnie zaczęło działać w **styczniu 2018 roku**.

## Historia

Gdy JaySon w 2017 roku usunął wszystkie swoje filmy, postanowił zakończyć swoją karierę z machinimą. Po jakimś czasie zdecydował się wrócić do tworzenia machinimy i w listopadzie 2017 roku, podczas rozmowy ze swoim przyjacielem Kanią, dyskutowali o założeniu własnego studia. Nazwa studia przyszła im bardzo szybko, gdy JaySon wypowiedział słowo RiTe, co w innej pisowni oznacza Right(Prawy). RiTe też oznacza Rytuał. Z kolei człon SiTe został dodany trochę później, głównie dla rymu co w polskim tłumaczeniu oznacza Teren. Studio oficjalnie zaczęło działać w styczniu 2018 roku, w czasie gdy Jay wypuścił Wzruszającą Historię II. W kwietniu zostały przyjęte dwie nowe osoby: Fagoth oraz LesterGothic.

## Członkowie

### **Obecni Członkowie**

**JayBonafide** - Założyciel, Reżyser, Aktor Dubbingowy

**Kania69** - Współzałożyciel, Przyszły Reżyser, Aktor Dubbingowy

**LesterGothic** - Reżyser, Aktor Dubbingowy

**Fagoth** - Aktor Dubbingowy

**Grochu Machinima** - Reżyser, Aktor Dubbingowy

**SzalonyXardas** - Reżyser, Aktor Dubbingowy
Liberal feminism

Liberal feminists are
concerned with campaigning against sex discrimination and for equal rights and
opportunities for women.

## Key ideas

-Some progress has been made; Women’s oppression is being
gradually overcome through changing people's attitudes and through changes in
 the law such as the Sex Discrimination Act (1975) & Equal Pay Act. Full equality will be realized through
further reform (harsher penalties for domestic violence) and the socialization pattern of both sexes (encouraging sharing of household and childcare tasks).

-Many men do not have
patriarchal values and do not wish to dominate and exploit women; due to this, heterosexual relationships can be a source of
great happiness and fulfillment.

-It is important for women to be socialized
and educated; by doing this, women would have increased free choice between a career or motherhood. Women who choose to be a housewife as their main role are not disadvantaged; they can obtain as much fulfillment as other women who have chosen to focus on their career instead.

## Related sociologists

**Ann Oakley**

**Sue Sharpe**

## Evaluations

-Liberal feminism is based too much on norms and
values; there is little empirical evidence to support its beliefs.

-Liberal feminism is based
on male values: it thinks that women should be competitive and strive for
higher status.

## Related theories

feminism

Marxist feminism

Radical feminism

Postmodern feminism
Questionnaires

## Overview

Questionnaires consist of a list of written questions. It is commonly used by sociologists for gathering opinions from respondents. It normally takes the form of **postal questionnaires** (respondents answer the questions in private and send it back to the researcher) or **researcher-administered questionnaires** (respondents answer the questions verbally in the presence of the researcher). The questions can be either open-ended or closed-ended.

## Closed-ended questions

Yes-or-no questions like 'Do you enjoy studying Sociology?'. Also called **pre-coded questions** as sociologists code the answers for data analysis. For example, Yes[1], No[2], Don't Know[3]. This type of questions are quick and easy to code (quantify) and interpret.

## Open-ended questions

Questions like 'What areas of Sociology are you most interested in?'. Respondents have to produce their own response without given options. This type of questions give respondents the freedom to provide explanations and further details.

## Strengths

* The research can be easily replicated, thus results in highly replicable data.
* Respondents remain anonymous
* No interviewer effect (postal)
* Easy to conduct even the number of respondents is very large. Possible to get a more representative sample and make generalisations

## Limitations

* Low response rate (postal)
* Difficult to examine complex issues and opinions in depth
* Poorly phrased questions and unclear definitions might cause ambiguity
* Leading questions might introduce bias
Cultural diversity

Cultural diversity is a form of family diversity that focuses on the differences in family life caused by the ethnicity of the family members.

## Examples of Cultural diversity

#### South African Family:

**Ballard(1990):**

 compare families in South Asia and in Britain

• Families in South Asia:

○  based traditionally around a man,

○ family groups live in large multigenerational households

○ sharing domestic and production tasks.

• Families in Britain:

○ women were increasingly working outside home

○ Production less frequently family-based

○ Married couples expected more independence from their kin

○ Split into smaller domestic units to fit British housing

○ Children experience 2cultures: conformed to British culture in society, conformed to ethnic subculture at home

○Retained links with their origin in South Asia

**Bhatti(1999)**

* Continue emphasis on loyalty to maintain traditional practices
* Family honor was taken seriously
* Paid work less important than caring for children
* Father see their roles more of a traditional breadwinner
* Conflict between different generation
* Generally children seem happy to adhere to traditional patterns of family life
Kuda Zeram

**Kuda Zeram** adalah kuda hitam tercepat dari gurun Xin Jiang, kecepatannya diibaratkan secepat seekor naga.

## Biaya Recast

* 1x Serbuk Orange
* 2x Serbuk Ungu
* 3x Serbuk Biru
* 300000x Gandum

## Lingkup Status

* **Meningkatkan 16%-23% HP Kavaleri Macan**.
* **Meningkatkan 16%-23% HP Mammoth**.
* **Meningkatkan 16%-23% HP Kavaleri**.
* Meningkatkan 4%-15% HP Kavaleri.
* Meningkatkan 4%-15% HP Kavaleri Macan.
* Meningkatkan 4%-15% HP Mammoth.
* Meningkatkan 4%-15% ATK Kavaleri.
* Meningkatkan 4%-15% ATK Kavaleri Macan.
* Meningkatkan 4%-15% ATK Mammoth.
* Meningkatkan 4%-15% Kecepatan Gerak Kavaleri.
* Meningkatkan 4%-15% Kecepatan Gerak Kavaleri Macan.
* Meningkatkan 4%-15% Kecepatan Gerak Mammoth.
* Meningkatkan 4%-15% Kecepatan Serang Kavaleri.
* Meningkatkan 4%-15% Kecepatan Serang Kavaleri Macan.
* Meningkatkan 4%-15% Kecepatan Serang Mammoth.
* Mengurangi 24%-64% Waktu Melatih Kavaleri.
* Mengurangi 8%-30% Waktu Melatih Kavaleri Macan.
* Mengurangi 8%-30% Waktu Melatih Mammoth.
The Making of a Moonie

Eileen Barker’s
aim of her study was to find out how and why people become a Moonie and join
this religion.

Barker
set out to do this study because at the time there was bad press and
accusations of the Unification Church corrupting, kidnapping and brainwashing
their members and she wanted to investigate whether the accusations were true.

## What methods were used in this study?

Barker
used a triangulation (multiple methods) to investigate the question on 3
different levels. Methods include:

·
Overt participant
observation. Over six years Barker lived with Moonies at various centres. This was an interpersonal level.

·
In-depth interviews (36 at
the start of the research) between 2 and 12 hours. This was to investigate on a
personal level.

·
Questionnaires- A pilot study
(sample of 20), followed by a full study of all Moonies in the UK (about 500).
This was an impersonal level.

## Key findings

·
Moonies attend residential courses where they are subject to carefully
controlled situations. (This can exert considerable influence on many guests).

·
Distorted versions of Moonie
history and activity may be given to enhance its image.

·
Converts were ‘normal’ (no
special characteristics).Individuals eventually decide – ‘conversion to
themovement is the result of a (limited) number of individual experiences; it is
not the result of mass-induced hypnosis’.

·
Moonies sometimes target individuals in different ways to influence
them and manipulate what ‘resonates’ with each one.

·
She found no evidence of
coercion

Barker said “I have
not been persuaded that they are brainwashed Zombies”.

## Research Methods

Observations

Interviews

Questionnaires
Interpretivism

## Introduction

Interpretivism is one of the two main approaches to sociology. Interpretivism assumes that there is no objective truth in society, as each individual holds his or her own norms and values and act accordingly. Social action theories are based on interpretivism; they aim to understand the society by uncovering the meanings held by different individuals and social groups and investigating why these meanings were formed.

Interpretivism is often considered to be the opposite of positivism; research conducted with the interpretivist approach often rely on qualitative data.