Deer

**Deer** (*Cervidae*) are the hoofed ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. The two main groups of deer are the Cervinae, including the muntjac, the elk (wapiti), the fallow deer, and the chital; and the Capreolinae, including the reindeer (caribou), the roe deer, and the moose. Female reindeer, and male deer of all species except the Chinese water deer, grow and shed new antlers each year. In this, they differ from permanently horned antelope, which are part of a different family (Bovidae) within the same order of even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla).

The musk deer (Moschidae) of Asia and chevrotains (Tragulidae) of tropical African and Asian forests are separate families within the ruminant clade (Ruminantia). They are no more closely related to deer than are other even-toed ungulates.

Deer appear in art from Paleolithic cave paintings onwards, and they have played a role in mythology, religion, and literature throughout history, as well as in heraldry. Their economic importance includes the use of their meat as venison, their skins as soft, strong buckskin, and their antlers as handles for knives. Deer hunting has been a popular activity since at least the Middle Ages and remains a resource for many families today. Most species of deer are so common that they are at no risk of extinctions.

Deer appear in all continents in the Makolan verse, and are the most common animal to ever exist there. Examples of deer are below.

## List of deer species (examples)

Red Deer.jpgCervus elaphus (red deer).Roe Deer.jpgCapreolus capreolus (roe deer).Sika Deer.jpgCervus nippon (sika deer).Fallow Deer.jpgDama dama (fallow deer).Water Deer.JPGHydropotes inermis (water deer).Swamp Deer.jpgRucervus duvaucelii (swamp deer).White-tailed deer.jpgOdocoileus virginianus (white-tailed deer).Mule Deer.jpgOdocoileus hemionus (mule deer).Reindeer.jpgRangifer tarandus (reindeer).Chinese Muntjac.jpgMuntiacus reevesi (Chinese muntjac).Elk.jpgCervus canadensis (elk or wapiti).Moose.jpgAlces alces (moose).Borany.jpgBorany sp.: 1. B. borani (gold-backed forward deer); 2. B. carlsoni (common forward deer); 3. B. scambus (white-faced forward deer); 4. B. valei (greater forward deer); 5. B. verrinus (brown-headed forward deer).Capratragus.jpgCapratragus sp.: 6. C. sertorii (sword-antlered deer); 7. C. diploceros (long-antlered deer).Celeritragus.jpgCeleritragus sp.: 8. C. certos (small-antlered sprinting deer) 8a. male 8b. female; 9. C. gracilia (slender sprinting deer); 10. C. mehaudyi (brown sprinting deer); 11. C. occidentalis (western sprinting deer); 12. C. minor (lesser sprinting deer); 13. C. velox (common sprinting deer); 14. C. wadei (Wade's deer); 15. C. vulgaris (red sprinting deer); 16. C. albicaudatus (white-tailed sprinting deer).Cervus.jpgOther Cervus sp.: 17. C. palus (common swamp deer); 18. C. eurunguis (brood-hoofed deer); 19. C. proceratis (long-necked deer); 20. C. macroceros (large-antlered deer); 21. C. brunnea (brown elk); 22. C. americanus (plains elk).Damalia.jpgDamalia sp.: 23. D. diasi (little brown dama); 24. D. grisealbus (bicolored dama); 25. D. elegans (gray-mantled dama); 26. D. minutus (little dama); 27. D. stolidium (southern dama).Dorcada.jpgDorcada sp.: 28. D. asemantus (Chinese jabbuck); 29. D. drasterius (common jabbuck); 30. D. dumitrescui (red jabbuck).Foedecervus.jpgFoedecervus brevisoma (South American musk deer).Jubacervix.jpgJubacervix monarchus (maned, or monarch deer).Lascivia.jpgLascivia aries (lion-tailed deer) 33a. male; 33b. female.Leiotriccus.jpgLeiotriccus sp.: 34. L. scitamentum (brown short-horned deer); 35. L. malcomi (golden-chested short-horned deer); 36. L. perryi (white short-horned deer); 37. L. leucopygia (common short-horned deer); 38. L. erithacus (orange-throated short-horned deer).Megachauliodus.jpgMegachauliodus sp.: 39. M. albigens (white-cheeked long-tusked deer); 40. M. mandarinus (Mandarin deer); 41. M. nippon (Nippon long-tusked deer); 42. M. dama (common long-tusked deer).Megaladama.jpgMegaladama ingens (robust deer).Pinguicervix.jpgPinguicervix sp.: 44. P. anocornis (Amazon fat deer); 45. P. centralis (Central American fat deer); 46. P. vulpinus (thick-tailed fat deer); 47. P. hispanolicus (Hispanolian fat deer); 48. P. insignus (lettered fat deer); 49. P. messeri (gold-tailed fat deer); 50. P. youngi (masked fat deer).Spoudaioceros.jpgSpoudaioceros sp.: 51. S. australis (southern long-antlered deer); 52. S. leptocornis (slender-antlered deer); 53. S. bifidus (San Diego club deer); 54. S. alces (giant-antlered deer).Xenaxis.jpgXenaxis sp.: 55. X. campbelli (red-sided deer); 56. X. guttatus (dwarf spotted deer); 57. X. hypoleucas (dwarf white-faced deer); 58. X. phoenicurus (band-tailed deer); 59. X. pyrrhodes (red-rumped deer); 60. X. quei (red-backed deer).