1999 Atlantic hurricane season

**1999 Atlantic hurricane season**
 **Total damage** | $8.58 Billion (1999 USD)

The **1999 Atlantic hurricane season** was a slightly above-average season. This season featured a total of 16 tropical cyclones, 12 named storms, 8 hurricanes, and 5 major hurricanes. The two most notable storms were Floyd, and Lenny. Floyd, the strongest storm of the season, struck North Carolina as only a Category 2. However, it caused 57 direct deaths, 20-30 indirect deaths and $6.9 Billion 1999 USD in damage. While Lenny, is known for the unusual, extended west-to-east track, it caused $685.8 Million 1999 USD in damage throughout the Caribbean Sea.

## Storms

### Tropical Storm Arlene

 Duration
 Peak intensity

Arlene, the first tropical storm of the 1999 Atlantic hurricane season, spent its life at sea in the central Atlantic. Arlene passed roughly 100 n mi east of Bermuda, but did not bring tropical storm force winds to the islands.

### Tropical Depression Two

 Duration
 Peak intensity

### Hurricane Bret

 Duration
 Peak intensity

Bret was a small hurricane that made landfall along a sparsely-populated section of the south Texas coast with sustained winds up to 100 knots. Bret was the first hurricane to strike the Texas coast since Hurricane Jerry in October 1989. It was the first hurricane to affect south Texas since Hurricane Allen in August 1980, and it was the strongest since Hurricane Alicia in 1983.

### Hurricane Cindy

 Duration
 Peak intensity

Cindy had a long track across the Atlantic with no direct impact on land.

### Hurricane Dennis

 Duration
 Peak intensity

Dennis was a larger-than-average western Atlantic hurricane that was erratic in both track and intensity. Although it never made landfall as a hurricane, it affected the North Carolina coast with hurricane force winds, heavy rains, prolonged high surf, and beach erosion. Dennis also produced tropical storm force winds over portions of the Bahamas.

### Tropical Storm Emily

 Duration
 Peak intensity

Emily formed about 360 n mi east of the southern Windward Islands and its track and intensity were primarily controlled by the much larger circulation of Hurricane Cindy.

### Tropical Depression Seven

 Duration
 Peak intensity

### Hurricane Floyd

 Duration
 Peak intensity

Floyd was a large and intense Cape Verde hurricane that pounded the central and northern Bahama islands, seriously threatened Florida, struck the coast of North Carolina and moved up the United States east coast into New England. It neared the threshold of category five intensity on the Saffir/Simpson Hurricane Scale as it approached the Bahamas, and produced a flood disaster of immense proportions in the eastern United States, particularly in North Carolina.

### Hurricane Gert

 Duration
 Peak intensity

Gert was a 130-knot hurricane that moved across the central north Atlantic Ocean. It briefly produced hurricane force winds at Bermuda and high waves along the southeast coast of Newfoundland.

### Tropical Storm Harvey

 Duration
 Peak intensity

Tropical Storm Harvey, which formed in the eastern Gulf of Mexico and moved across southern Florida, produced heavy rainfall over portions of southwest Florida.

### Tropical Depression Eleven

 Duration
 Peak intensity

### Tropical Depression Twelve

 Duration
 Peak intensity

### Hurricane Irene

 Duration
 Peak intensity

Irene was a typical wet October tropical cyclone that moved over the Florida Keys and southeast Florida dumping from 10 to 20 inches of rain. This resulted in severe flooding conditions. This type of tropical cyclone was a common phenomena during the 30's and 40's. Figure 1 shows the track of Irene over Cuba and Florida.

### Hurricane Jose

 Duration
 Peak intensity

### Tropical Storm Katrina

 Duration
 Peak intensity

Katrina was a tropical depression that briefly became a 35-knot tropical storm while moving onshore on the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua.

### Hurricane Lenny

 Duration
 Peak intensity

Hurricane Lenny was the fifth category-four hurricane on the Saffir/Simpson Hurricane Scale (SSHS) of the 1999 season - a record. This hurricane had a major impact on numerous land areas in the Caribbean Sea. Moreover, Lenny was the first storm to have an extended west-to-east track across the central and eastern Caribbean Sea in the 113-year Atlantic tropical cyclone record.

## Storm names

* Bret
* Cindy
* Dennis
* Emily
* Floyd
* Gert
* Irene
* Jose
* Katrina
* Lenny
* Maria *(unused)*
* Nate *(unused)*
* Philippe *(unused)*
* Rita *(unused)*
* Stan *(unused)*
* Tammy *(unused)*
* Vince *(unused)*
* Wilma *(unused)*

### Retirement

In Spring 2000, it was announced the World Meteorological Organization had retired the names Floyd and Lenny for the damage and deaths caused by the storms. They were replaced by Franklin and Lee for the hyperactive 2005 Atlantic hurricane season

## References

1. ↑ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL011999\_Arlene.pdf
2. ↑ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL031999\_Bret.pdf
3. ↑ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL041999\_Cindy.pdf
4. ↑ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL051999\_Dennis.pdf
5. ↑ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL061999\_Emily.pdf
6. ↑ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL081999\_Floyd.pdf
7. ↑ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL091999\_Gert.pdf
8. ↑ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL101999\_Harvey.pdf
9. ↑ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL131999\_Irene.pdf
10. ↑ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL151999\_Katrina.pdf
11. ↑ http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL161999\_Lenny.pdf