recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Cleeran

## Habilidades

Cleeran s0 ic.png**ATAQUE BÁSICO**Cleeran s1 ic.png**CORTE PROFUNDO**Cleeran s2 ic.png**VIENTO DEL OCÉANO**Cleeran s3 ic.png**PURIFICAR**
* **Ataque básico:** Inflige un 100 % de daño (50 % físico, 50 % agua) a 2 enemigos en la misma fila.
* **Corte profundo:** Inflige un 250 % de daño (50 % físico, 50 % agua) a un enemigo (4 golpes).
* **Viento del océano:** Inflige un 110 % de daño (50 % físico, 50 % agua) a todos los enemigos (un golpe).
* **Purificar:** Ganas un 30 % de resistencia (Agua) y un 30 % de resistencia (Zafiro). Reduce la duración de las mejoras de los enemigos a los que ataques en 2 turnos por golpe. Ganas un 5 % de ATQ adicional cada turno (hasta un máximo de 10 acumulaciones).
Angeline

## Habilidades

**ATAQUE BÁSICO**
**CANCIÓN SAGRADA DE LA SANTA LUZ****BAILE SAGRADO DEL SANTO ACORDE****FUERZA SAGRADA DE LA SANTA ALMA**
* **Ataque básico:** Inflige un 100 % de daño (70 % físico, 30 % sagrado) a un enemigo.
* **Canción sagrada de la Santa Luz:** Inflige un 120 % de daño (50 % físico, 50 % sagrado) a todos los enemigos en fila. Coloca una marca sagrada sobre ellos que dura 3 turnos (puede acumularse hasta 2 veces).
* **Baile sagrado del Santo Acorde:** Inflige un 120 % de daño (50 % físico, 50 % sagrado) a todos los enemigos Coloca una marca sagrada sobre ellos que dura 3 turnos (puede acumularse hasta 2 veces).
* **Fuerza sagrada de la Santa Alma:** Gana un 10 % de resistencia elemental. Mejora un 30 % el daño de todos los aliados (excluyéndola a ella).
Mazmorra elemental

La **mazmorra elemental** es una de las mazmorras disponibles en el juego. En esta mazmorra, podrás obtener las piedras elementales que necesitas para subir de rango a tus héroes, uno de las herramientas de progreso para tus personajes. No te olvides de seguir mejorando todos y cada uno de los héroes que vayas consiguiendo hasta que alcancen las 6 estrellas, ya que te servirán para crear nuevos equipos de ataque o como almas para mejorar a tus mejores héroes y hacerlos aún más poderosos.

## Cómo se juega

La mecánica de la mazmorra elemental es sencilla: cada día de la semana, se abrirá una mazmorra diferente, con varias etapas. Al completar dicha mazmorra, obtendrás piedras elementales para mejorar a tus héroes. Cuanto más difícil sea la etapa de una mazmorra que consigas vencer, mayor será el rango de las piedras que consigas. El tipo de piedras a conseguir por día de la semana son las siguientes:

- **Lunes:** Diamantes

- **Martes:** Zafiros

- **Miércoles:** Rubís

- **Jueves:** Topacios

- **Viernes:** Esmeraldas

- **Sábado:** Amatistas

## Premios

Estas son los premios que podrás conseguir en esta mazmorra (que se escogerán aleatoriamente en cada

**BATALLAcomo tu recompensa):**

## Consejos y trucos

* Aprende cuál es la mazmorra de cada día para poder mejorar los héroes que necesites con más urgencia.
* Recuerda que los sábados podrás jugar a cualquiera de las mazmorras de la semana, ¡así que úsalo en tu favor para conseguir las piedras que no hayas podido obtener a lo largo de la semana!
Sala Pig

## Habilidades

**ATAQUE BÁSICO****RUGIDO DE LA SELVA****PIEL DURA**
* **Ataque básico:** Inflige 100 % de daño físico a un enemigo.
* **Rugido de la selva:** Te vuelves inmune a enfermedades y otorga una bonificación del 20 % al daño para los aliados en la misma columna durante 2 turnos - Enfriamiento: 220 s
* **Piel dura:** Aumenta un 40 % la DEF de todos los aliados durante 4 turnos - Habilidad pasiva
Deep Bigjaw

## Habilidades

**Ataque básico**
**Gran mordedura****Dientes afilados**
* **Ataque básico:** Inflige 100 % de daño físico a un enemigo.
* **Gran mordedura:** Inflige 180 % de daño físico a 2 enemigos contiguos en la misma fila. Tiene una probabilidad de congelarlos durante 3 turnos - Enfriamiento: 220 s
* **Dientes afilados:** Gana un 125 % de resistencia (Agua), un 30 % de probabilidad de golpe crítico y un 50 % de daño de ataque al más débil - Habilidad pasiva
Rana de Sala

## Habilidades

**ATAQUE BÁSICO****ESPUTO VENENOSO****LÍQUIDO VENENOSO**
* **Ataque básico:** Inflige 100 % de daño (70 % físico, 30 % no-muerto) a un enemigo.
* **Esputo venenoso:** Inflige 100 % de daño (50 % físico, 50 % no-muerto) a todos los enemigos en la columna frontal.
* **Líquido venenoso:** Gana un 50 % de resistencia (No-muerto). Cada vez que golpees a un enemigo, tienes una probabilidad de envenenarlo, infligiendo 50 % de daño (No-muerto) cada turno durante 3 turnos.
Lorline

## Habilidades

**ATAQUE BÁSICO****SALTO AL CIELO****MARTILLO DE LAS MIL LIBRAS****FUERZA DE DIAMANTE**
* **Ataque básico:** Inflige un 100 % de daño físico a un enemigo
* **Salto al cielo:** Inflige un 220 % de daño físico a un enemigo y lo lanza durante 4 turnos, haciéndolo desaparecer del campo de batalla temporalmente. - Enfriamiento: 220 s
* **Martillo de las mil libras:** Inflige un 150 % de daño físico a todos los enemigos. Tiene una probabilidad de aturdirlos durante 1 turno. - Enfriamiento: 220 s
* **Fuerza de diamante:** Ganas un 25 % de resistencia (Oscuridad) y un 25 % de resistencia (Sagrado). Tus aliados ganan un 30 % de daño físico adicional (excluyéndola a ella). - Habilidad pasiva
Chill

## Habilidades

**ATAQUE BÁSICO****BALA DORADA****AGUANTA Y RESPONDE**
* **Ataque básico:** Inflige un 33 % de daño (70 % físico, 30 % sagrado) a 3 enemigos aleatorios.
* **Bala dorada:** Inflige 120 % de daño (Sagrado) a todos los enemigos - Enfriamiento: 220 s
* **Aguanta y responde:** Cuando recibas daño elemental, ganarás un 30 % de daño elemental adicional durante 3 turnos (se acumula un máximo de 3 veces)
Varness

## Habilidades

**Ataque básico**
**Garra negra****Eliminar****Robo de sangre**
* **Ataque básico:** Inflige un 100 % de daño (90 % físico, 10 % oscuridad) a un enemigo.
* **Garra negra:** Inflige un 200 % de daño (80 % físico, 20 % oscuridad) a un enemigo y reduce la duración de sus mejoras en 2 turnos.
* **Eliminar:** Inflige un 200 % de daño (80 % físico, 20 % oscuridad) al enemigo con los PV más bajos.
* **Robo de sangre:** Ganas un 30 % de resistencia (Oscuridad). Otorga una bonificación del 10 % al robo de vida de todos los aliados.
John 5:47

**εἰ δὲ τοῖς ἐκείνου γράμμασιν οὐ πιστεύετε, πῶς τοῖς ἐμοῖς ῥήμασιν πιστεύσετε;**

And/but if you all do not believe in his writings, how will you all believe in my words

* οὐ πιστεύετε - you all do not believe. Imperfect active indicative 2P pl.
* πιστεύετε and the "believe" family of verbs take a dative (believe in), hence τοῖς γράμμασιν are dative
* πιστεύσετε - Future active indicative 2P pl. With πῶς. How are you going to believe.
* ῥήμασιν - again, the believe takes a dative, in this case the dative of ῥῆμα. Note the rough breathing. Supposedly we are meant to roll the "r".
BMV-20 SHOTGUN

## BMV-20 Shotgun

### IMAGE UNAVAILABLE

Stats:

Damage: 360

Stopping Power: 40%

Accuracy: 60%

Fire Rate: 120 RPM

Range: 20 Units

Max Ammo: 5/65

Reload Speed: 4.08S

Penetration: 1

Penetration Damage Fall-Off: 22,5%

Cost: 120 Gold

## In-Game Description

IT'S A BRAND NEW 12 GAUGE PUMP-ACTION SHOTGUN.

### Contributor Thoughts

This is my main goal of playing this game, its like a garbage can but weaker.

Note from Aosdhsg: ok
Kyu

## Habilidades

**ATAQUE BÁSICO****ARCO DE LLAMAS****ARCO OSCURO****AGOTAMIENTO**
* **Ataque básico:** Inflige un 70 % de daño (70 % físico, 15 % fuego, 15 % oscuridad) a 2 enemigos aleatorios.
* **Arco de llamas:** Inflige un 160 % de daño (50 % físico, 50 % fuego) a todos los enemigos en la misma fila. Tiene una probabilidad de quemarlos, infligiendo un 100 % de daño (Fuego) cada turnos durante 2 turnos - Enfriamiento: 220 s
* **Arco oscuro:** Inflige un 400 % de daño (50 % físico, 50 % oscuridad) repartido entre 7 enemigos aleatorios - Enfriamiento: 220 s
* **Agotamiento:** Sus ataques causan fatiga a los objetivos durante 3 turnos - Habilidad pasiva
Golden

## Habilidades

**ATAQUE BÁSICO****INMUNIDAD FÍSICA**
* **Ataque básico:** Inflige un 100 % de daño físico a un enemigo.
* **Inmunidad física:** Se vuelve inmune al daño físico durante 5 turnos. - Habilidad pasiva

## Consejos y trucos

* Este héroe no inflige mucho daño con sus ataques, pero puede ser útil para poder sumar algo de daño contra enemigos que solo causan daño físico, ya que su pasiva le vuelve inmune a ese tipo de daño, haciéndolo invulnerable a efectos prácticos.
Apollonius' Canon

**Apollonius' Canon** states states that two nouns in regimen are either both articular or both anarthrous. This pattern was observed by a second-century Greek grammarian Apollonius of Dyscolus. In other words, where there is a noun phrase with two nouns, a head noun and another noun in the genitive case which qualifies it, then both nouns will either have the article or both nouns will not have the article. There is no difference in the meaning of the expression whether the article is there or not. Thus ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ means the same as λόγος θεοῦ.

Apollonius' Canon is usually discussed in relation to the genitive because of the two nouns, the qualifying noun is usually in the genitive.
Kami

## Habilidades

**ATAQUE BÁSICO**
**PROTECCIÓN ALEATORIA****CONTRAATAQUE**
* **Ataque básico:** inflige 100 % de daño físico a un enemigo.
* **Protección aleatoria:** crea un escudo del 200 % de tus PV para 3 aliados aleatorios durante 2 turnos - Enfriamiento: 220 s
* **Contraataque:** tiene una gran probabilidad de contraatacar - Habilidad pasiva
Kim

## Habilidades

**ATAQUE BÁSICO**
**LUZ DE ESPEJO****MIRA EN EL ESPEJO****ESPEJO ELEMENTAL**
* **Ataque básico:** Inflige un 100 % de daño (20 % físico, 80 % oscuridad) a un enemigo.
* **Luz de espejo:** Cura un 25 % de sus PV a todos los aliados.
* **Mira en el espejo:** Cura a los tres aliados con los PV más bajos un 30 % de sus propios PV cada turno durante 3 turnos.
* **Espejo elemental:** Otorga un 50 % de daño elementa a todos los aliados durante 6 turnos.

## Consejos y trucos

* Kim es una excelente sanadora para tu equipo, así que no dudes en tenerla potenciada al máximo para batallas donde recuperar salud pueda significar la diferencia entre una victoria o una derrota.
HMG-45

In-Game Description:

```
"THE HMG-45 SMG WAS DEVELOPED TO REPLACE THE LONG USED GLOBAL STANDARD COUNTER-TERRORIST SMG. IT'S LACKING IN MAGAZINE CAPACITY, BUT IT'S HEAVY SENSATION WHEN FIRING IS MAGNIFICENT."

```

Specs:

Accuracy: 65%

Damage: 50

Stopping Power: 20%

Range: 25 unit

Fire Rate: 600 Rounds Per Minute

Max Ammo: 25 / 250

Reload Speed: 2 Seconds

Penetration: 1

Penetration Damage Fall-Off: 21.51%

Upgrade cost (Cash): 700 -> 1,400 -> 2,800

Upgrade cost (Gold): 112 -> 224

The HMG-45 is a fully automatic submachine gun which trades rate-of-fire for increased damage and range.

It's fairly accurate, although it could be improved with the following gadgets:

* The **Red Dot Sight** increases damage by **5%** and accuracy by **10%**; when equipped, the HMG-45 will inflict more damage with greater precision.
* The **Hybrid Sight** increases range and accuracy both by **15%**; while this gadget doesn't improve on damage output, it does make the HMG-45 better at killing enemies at further distances.
* The **Laser Sight** increases accuracy by **15%**.
* The **IR Laser Sight** increases damage and accuracy both by **5%**; this and the Laser Sight are good options to pick - matter of preference.
* The **Angled Grip** increases damage by **5%** and accuracy by **10%**; if you want more accuracy, use the **Vertical Grip** which increases accuracy by **15%**; though, if you want both accuracy and damage boost, use the **Angled Grip**.

Upgrading it's accuracy or the "Hawk-Eye" skill can also help.

The HMG-45's effective range is good for hitting targets off-screen.

Reload speed is fairly quick at 2 seconds, and can be faster while equipped with Magazine Assist.
Third declension

The **Third declension** is the catch all declension. It comprises nouns that do not end with α or η (First declension) or with ο (Second declension). A number of features make the third declension challenging:

* There's a fair spread of genders with no one being particularly dominant.
* Masculine and feminine nouns share (roughly) a set of endings while the neuters have their own.
* The nominative singulars seem almost always unique in appearance. They do not have a uniform ending and often the gender can't be discerned from the nominative singular.
* Because many of the stems could end with consonants, they react with the ending in all various ways, causing all kinds of transformations.

## Third declension tips

* Learn the genitive--the root is most visible in the genitive (most times)
* Genitive singular is usually -ος or some transform like -ως
* Genitive plural is, still, always -ων
* Datives always have an iota
* Neuter
	+ The nominative and accusative is always the same for each number
	+ The nominative/accusative singular is usually the bare stem (except if it ends with τ - τ is dropped)
	+ The nominative/accusative plural always ends with -α
	+ Neuter genitives and datives still respect the rule that they conform to the masculine endings so all three genders are the same.

## Third declension endings

* mnemonic for masc./fem. : sosian esonsias
* mnemonic for neuter : osi aonsia

## Typical Paradigms

### Standard endings

By far one of the best behaved paradigms is actually from the adjective **πᾶς**. In the masculine and neuter forms, this adjective demonstrates all the standing endings.

This shows all the standard ends where the root was πάντ,except for the nominative and accusative neuter. The bare stem would have been πάντ but τ cannot stand at the end of a word, so it drops off.

Another example is neuter πνεῦμα where the root is πνεῦματ

### Stems which end in –ι

This is a special case with the following features:

* The unchanged stem is only visible in the nominative and accusative. Elsewhere –ι is replaced by –ε.
* So the genitive is no clue to the stem. The genitive singular ending changes –ος by lengthening to –ως.
* Genitive plural is still –εων.
* Accusative singular uses –ν, basically behaving like 1st or 2nd declension.
* These nouns are typically feminine.

An example is πολις.

 Accusative | πόλιν | πόλεις

Also βρῶσις.

### Stems ending with -ευ

These words include βασιλεύς (king) and quite a number of "occupations". Note that the –υ hardly stays and usually drops or changes

 accusative | βασιλέα | βασιλεῖς
Γίνομαι

**γίνομαι** (ginomai)

Gloss: I become, I come to be

Verb

Root: γεν

Principal parts: γίνομαι, γενήσομαι, ἐγενόμην, γέγονα, γεγένημαι, ἐγενήθην
Strong's: 1096

GK: 1181

Frequency: 669

## Notes

* Mounce classifies this as a v-1c(2). The present stem is modified regularly from the root but in other tenses the root is clearly visible.
* One of those middle-only verbs in the first 3 parts.
* Imperfect is ἐγινόμην
* ἐγένετο (egeneto), 2nd aorist middle 3P sg is especially common, occuring some 200 times. Often used impersonally to signify the passage of time. Translated as "it came to pass" in the KJV. Some newer translations leave this phrase out.

## Paradigms

### Imperfect

 2P
 3P

### 2nd Aorist Middle Indicative

Considered 2nd aorist because the stem is slightly different from the present, but only very slightly.

 2P
 3P
Contract verbs

**Contract verbs** are verbs with roots ending with α, ε, or ο. When a verb is formed, the connecting vowel and personal endings come into contact with the root ending. And since too many vowels do not like to be together, they contract to form other vowels or diphthongs.

All the possible contractions can be memorized as a table with some 63 cells. Alternatively, Mounce describes 8 rules for vowel contraction which are useful in working backwards from the resulting verb to figure out the root, the connecting vowel and the personal ending. This allows most of the commonly occuring cells to be filled. Rules 1 to 5 are most frequently encountered:

* Rule 1: ου replaces οε, εο, οο (**ο** overpowers ultimately **e**ach)
* Rule 2: εε becomes ει (**e**ach and **e**very becomes **e**ach **i**ndividual)
* Rule 3: ω replaces any combination of ο ω with any other vowel unless Rule 1 kicked in (omega always wins unless **o**vercome)
* Rule 4: α replaces ε. ᾳ replaces αει (air is replacing aero - who says aeroplane these days?)
* Rule 5: η replaces εα. ῃ replaces εαι (Ears **e**longate **i** the end)
	+ Since connecting vowels are ο and ε, Rule 5 only kicks in under special circumstances e.g. when an intervocalic σ two vowels is dropped. It also illustrates a multistage process of contraction as seen below. ποιεσαι to ποιηι takes 3 steps:
		- ποιεσαι to ποιεαι (drop intervocalic σ)
		- ποιεαι to ποιηι (Rule 5)
		- ποιηι to ποιῇ (Rule 5 again)
Tyler

## Habilidades

**ATAQUE BÁSICO****RETO DE FUEGO****TERREMOTO****MANOS ARDIENTES**
* **Ataque básico:** Inflige un 100 % de daño físico a un enemigo.
* **Reto de fuego:** Provoca a los enemigos y tiene una probabilidad de dejar una marca ígnea en aquellos que le ataquen durante 4 turnos. También les da a los aliados en la misma columna un 20 % de daño (Fuego) a sus ataques.
* **Terremoto:** Inflige un 400 % de daño físico repartido entre todos los enemigos.
* **Manos ardientes:** Ganas un 75 % de resistencia (Fuego). Todo el daño que inflijas será de tipo Fuego durante 6 turnos.

## Trucos y consejos

* Tyler es claramente un héroe usado para enfrentarte a enemigos débiles al elemento Fuego (es decir, los No-Muertos), tanto por su propio daño de fuego mediante su pasiva como por su habilidad "Reto de fuego", mejorando el daño de los aliados en su misma columna con un porcentaje de daño por Fuego que también puede ser crucial para las batallas más complejas.
Micca

## Habilidades

**ATAQUE BÁSICO**
**DOS RONDAS****MISIL EXPLOSIVO****POTENCIADOR**
* **Ataque básico:** Inflige un 100 % de daño físico a un enemigo
* **Dos rondas:** Inflige un 120 % de daño físico a todos los enemigos en la columna frontal
* **Misil explosivo:** Inflige un 120 % de daño físico a 3 enemigos aleatorios
* **Potenciador:** Ganas un 20 % de resistencia (Agua). Otorga una bonificación del 30 % al ataque físico de todos los aliados durante 5 turnos.

## Consejos y trucos

* Micca no es un personaje especialmente potente en ningún campo, por lo que no será una primera elección para un equipo de arena o de dragones.
* Este personaje cuenta con un aspecto muy interesante: todos sus ataque son físicos y posee una habilidad que mejora el ataque físico de los aliados. Esto la convierte en una opción viable para rellenar tu equipo en eventos con jefes que solo sufren daño físico, ya que infligirá el máximo de daño con cada habilidad y, además, mejorará el daño de tus atacantes físicos más útiles.
Efectos de estado

Los **efectos de estado** son modificaciones temporales de las estadísticas o condiciones de los héroes durante una batalla. Estos efectos pueden ser tanto defensivos (permitiéndote ganar salud o defensa adicionales durante un periodo de tiempo) u ofensivos (infligiendo más daño al enemigo o incluso impidiéndoles atacar durante algunos turnos). Emplea estos efectos a tu favor y conseguirás que hasta el equipo más débil puede tener la mejor de las oportunidades en las batallas más aguerridas.

## Lista de efectos estado

### Marca sagrada

La marca sagrada es un efecto de estado por el que cada marca infligirá al objeto un 100 % de daño adicional con cualquier ataque que reciba).

### Marca ígnea

La marca ígnea es un efecto de estado por el que un enemigo afectado por dicha marca quedará aturdido si recibe daño de fuego mientras esté activa.

### Muerte súbita

La muerte súbita es un efecto de estado que provoca la muerte instantáneamente de cualquier héroe en el campo de batalla al cumplirse las condiciones adecuadas que la colocan sobre un objetivo.

### Daño repartido

El daño repartido no es un efecto de estado como tal, pero sí que es una propiedad de un ataque o habilidad a considerar. Los ataques con daño repartido dividirán el valor total del daño infligido entre todos los enemigos (o en su defecto, entre los enemigos especificados) a partes iguales.

### Furia sangrienta

La furia sangrienta es un efecto de estado que hace que por cada 1 % de PV perdidos, el héroe gane un 2 % de daño físico.

### Fatiga

La fatiga es un efecto de estado que reduce un 30 % el ATQ y la DEF de un enemigo afectado por ella.

### Inalcanzable

Un héroe inalcanzable no podrá recibir daño de ningún tipo, hasta que se cumplan las condiciones que hacen que vuelva a poder ser un objetivo del enemigo.

### Maldición mortal

Un héroe con maldición mortal hace que toda curación que reciba se convierta en daño, evolucionando a convertirse en una marca mortal si el enemigo recibe otra maldición mortal.

### Marca mortal

Un héroe con una marca mortal recibe un 25 % más de daño por cada marca, acumulándose hasta un total de 4 veces.

### Venganza

Este efecto de estado lo provoca exclusivamente la habilidad pasiva de Jian. Por cada acumulación de Venganza, un aliado ganará un 25 % de daño adicional en el próximo ataque, consumiéndose todas las acumulaciones después de atacar.

### Marca de enlace fatal

Este efecto de estado lo provoca exclusivamente la habilidad pasiva de Mariana. Los enemigos con esta marca recibirán un 50 % del daño que inflijan a tus aliados con un ataque básico. El daño siempre será crítico. La marca se eliminará una vez el enemigo ataque y sufra el daño asociado.

### Armonía

Este efecto de estado lo provoca exclusivamente la habilidad pasiva de Graves. Este efecto provoca que, al comienzo de la batalla, Graves gane un 400 % de daño de ataque. Por cada aliado que muera, este efecto disminuirá un 125 %.
Crowy

## Habilidades

**ATAQUE BÁSICO****CUERVOS NOCTURNOS****RECHAZO AL SILENCIO**
* **Ataque básico:** Inflige 100 % de daño (80 % físico, 20 % oscuridad) a un enemigo.
* **Cuervos nocturnos:** Inflige 50 % de daño (Oscuridad) a 3 enemigos aleatorios. Tiene una probabilidad de silenciarlos durante 3 turnos.
* **Rechazo al silencio:** Gana un 50 % de resistencia (No-muerto) y un 5 % de resistencia (Oscuridad). Otorga inmunidad al silencio a todos los aliados.
Balista

## Habilidades

**ATAQUE BÁSICO**
**RUGIDO DEL INFIERNO****PIEL DE FUEGO**
* **Ataque básico:** Inflige 100 % de daño (80 % físico, 20 % fuego) a un enemigo.
* **Rugido del infierno:** Gana un 200 % de DEF y provoca a los enemigos durante 3 turnos. - Enfriamiento: 220 s
* **Piel de fuego:** Gana un 20 % de resistencia (Fuego). Al ser atacado, tiene una probabilidad de infligir un 35 % de daño (Fuego) al atacante. - Habilidad pasiva

## Consejos y trucos

* Balista será uno de los primeros tanques que pruebes en tu alineación, ya que su habilidad para provocar e infligir daño de fuego a aquellos que le ataquen te sacará de más de un apuro mientras estés mejorando a tu equipo de atacantes hasta niveles aceptables.
Ἐγώ

**ἐγώ** (ego)

Gloss: I and other 1P pronouns

Strong's 1473

GK 1609

Frequency in New Testament 2584

* Just like in English narrative texts, the 1P personal pronoun is likely to rank high in frequency, so ἐγώ ranks 7th among the most common word overall in the Greek NT. However, the 2P σύ pronoun actually ranks even higher in 4th position.
* κἀγὼ "and I" is a common crasis.

## Paradigm

 accusative | ἐμέ (με) | ἡμᾶς

Note the pairs ἐμοῦ (μου), ἐμοί (μοι), and ἐμέ (με). The accented forms mean the same as the unaccented form but are used when the writer wishes to be emphatic.
Accents

* Accents were not present in the earliest manuscripts and were added later. Mainly as an aid to pronunciation.
* They are not exegetically significant--they don't change the meaning of a word.
* They are, however, useful for differentiating between two words spelled with the same letters.
* Therefore, no need to stress out about accents, unless your teacher wants it (and te teacher is always right!)

## Accent rules

* There are 3 accents, acute, grave and circumflex. They go over the vowel in a syllable to be stressed.
* Only the last three syllables of a word can be accented.
* The acute can go over any of the last 3 syllables.
* The circumflex can go over any of the last 2 syllables only.
* The circumflex only goes over a long syllable.
* Short syllable-long syllable. If the last syllable is long, the second last syllable can only be acute. So "δοῦλος" but the circumflex changes to acute for "δούλου". Think of the last long syllable as counting for two syllables.
* Long syllable-short syllable. If the second last syllable is long, and it is to be stressed (it may not be), then it willbe a circumflex.
* The grave can go over the last syllable only and is a special case. It happens when a word on its own has an acute on the last syllable but now is followed by another word in the sentence (technical term: it is "in composition"). Then the acute changes to grave. If the word is the last word in a sentence and is followed by a punctuation, the accent remains acute.

* Nouns
	+ the accent tries to stay at its position in the lexical form (nominative singular form) subject to other rules
	+ For 2nd declension nouns, genitive or dative case, if the ultima is accented, it will be a circumflex.

* Verbs
	+ the accent tries to move as far back towards the front of the word as it can as it is conjugated.
Ms Stress

## Habilidades

**ATAQUE BÁSICO**
**LA MADRE DE TODAS LAS BALAS****ANDANADA DE STRESS****OPORTUNIDAD DE ORO**
* **Ataque básico:** Inflige un 100 % de daño (90 % físico, 10 % fuego) a un enemigo.
* **La madre de todas las balas:** Inflige un 200 % de daño (90 % físico, 10 % fuego) a un enemigo. Si muere, infligirá un 150 % de daño (Fuego) a todos los enemigos. Si sobrevive, infligirá un 200 % de daño al enemigo detrás del objetivo.
* **Andanada de Stress:** Inflige un 350 % de daño (80 % físico, 20 % fuego) Efectos de estado#Daño repartido entre todos los enemigos en la columna frontal. Ganas un 20 % de prob. de golpe crítico tras lanzar la habilidad.
* **Oportunidad de oro:** Inflige un 50 % de daño adicional si los PV del objetivo son inferiores al 50 %.
Hawk-50

In-Game Description:

A big, scary 50 caliber automatic pistol that can load up to seven rounds in its magazine. It has impressive penetration power.

Specs:

Accuracy: 80%

Damage: 75

Range: 40 Unit

Fire Rate: 200 Rounds Per Minute

Magazine Capacity: 7/56

Reload Speed: 1.55 Seconds

Penetration: 1

Penetration Damage Fall-Off: 35%

Price: 375 Cash or 7 Gold

Note: This screams Desert Eagle (due to it being a Desert Eagle). If you want a gun that can shoot threw 5 armored enemies, go with this, and If you dump a bunch of gold into it's upgrades like I have, You'll be swaging through missions saying "I have a God Pistol" blowing up your enemies heads while waiting for more to come. Body Count 1k+
Τὰ ζῷα τρέχει Rule

The "Τὰ ζῷα τρέχει" (ta zoa trechei) rule, or "The Animals Run" rule, is a common pattern in koine Greek where neuter plural subjects take a singular verb as illustrated in the name of the rule where "ζῷα" is a neuter plural nominative and "τρέχει" is a 3rd person present indicative verb. There are, however, exceptions in the New Testament text.

## Examples

* John 1:28: ταῦτα ἐν Βηθανίᾳ ἐγένετο.... (All this took place in Bethany) - ἐγένετο is 3rd person singular

## Counter-examples

* Matt 6:28: καταμάθετε τὰ κρίνα τοῦ ἀγροῦ πῶς αὐξάνουσιν.... (Consider the lilies of the field how they grow) - αὐξάνουσιν (grow) is 3rd person plural
Misiones

Las **misiones** son una serie de acciones que puedes completar en el juego y que te permitirán obtener recompensas. Algunas de estas misiones son muy sencillas, mientras que otras serán particularmente complejas. Recuerda centrarte en las más importantes primero (diarias, semanales y mensuales), ya que te darán medallas que dan acceso a grandes premios. Todas las demás categorías son generalmente menos premiadas, y por tanto solo será interesante completarlas una vez termines con las anteriores.

## LISTA DE MISIONES

    **MISIONES DIARIAS**

Recompensa: 2 cupones de descuento
Recompensa: 5 de energía
Recompensa: 5 de energía de arena
Recompensa: 5 de energía
 Completa 3 misiones de la Taberna
Recompensa: 30.000 de oro
 Completa las 9 misiones diariasRecompensa: 1 medalla diaria

    **MISIONES SEMANALES**

Recompensa: 200 gemas
Recompensa: 5 cupones de invocación de gema
Recompensa: 500.000 de oro
 Completa las 5 misiones semanalesRecompensa: 1 medalla semanal

    **MISIONES MENSUALES**

Recompensa: Boleto de héroe (6 estrellas)
Recompensa: 10 tréboles afortunados
Recompensa: Selector de héroe (4 estrellas)
Recompensa: 1.000.000 puntos de EXP

    **MISIONES DE LA HISTORIA**

 Consigue el sello de AmatistaRecompensa: 2000 gemas

    **MISIONES DE REPETICIÓN**

 Mata a 500 enemigosRecompensa: 10 de energía

    **LOGROS**
Εἰμί

**εἰμί** (eimi)

Gloss: verb to be, am, is, was

Principal Parts: εἰμί, ἔσομαι, -, -, -, -

Strong's 1488

GK 1639

Frequency 2462

## Notes

* A very frequent word in the Greek New Testament, in fact the 8th most frequent word.
* There's nothing for it, all the forms and paradigms have to be memorized.
* Fortunately, there are only present, imperfect and future forms in the indicative mood
* There are some parallels with verbs to be e.g. in European languages like Spanish and French and these can be tips in remembering.

## Paradigms

### Future Middle Indicative

The future of εἰμί is in the middle voice

 3P | ἔσται | ἔσονται

Tips:

* The tense formative σ, σο is visible thoughout the future paradigm
* The 1P plural usually has a -μεν or μεν somewhere. Think Spanish estamos.
* The 2P plural typically has a -τε or -θε (like French)
* The 3P forms in all tenses typically have a -ν somewhere, even if only a movable ν. Think Spanish estan.
* It would be nice if the 2P singular forms ended in -ς. Then it would really be like Spanish or French. Well they don't!
* Secondary endings are visible (kind of) in the imperfect. And of course they all start with ἤ - sign of an augment leading to lengthened vowel.
Illeism

**Illeism** is the use of the third person to refer to oneself. This style is seen frequently in the bible, for example in the New Testament when Jesus is talking about himself.

## Examples

* John 5:27: καὶ ἐξουσίαν ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ κρίσιν ποιεῖν, ὅτι υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἐστίν. (And he has given him authority to execute judgment because he is the Son of Man.)
Πνεῦμα

**πνεῦμα** (pneuma, πνεῦμα, -ματος, τό)

Gloss: spirit, wind

Strong's 4151

GK 4460

Frequency in New Testament 381

## Notes

* A very frequent word, ranks 47th in frequency
* Often used as the model paradigm for a 3rd declension neuter
* the stem is πνεῦματ. This stem is very visible in the genitive and oblique forms. The nominative exhibits some drop out as described below.
* -ατ is one of the most common stem for neuter nouns in the 3rd declension and the pattern here is very typical.

## Paradigm

* nom. sg. - τ cannot stand at end of word, so drops off
* gen. sg. - 1st dec. ends with ς, 2nd dec. ends with ο (combines with ο at end of stem. οο -> ου)
* dat. sg. - same as 1st, 2nd declension, always an iota somewhere. Since last letter of stem is a consonant, ι cannot superscript.
* acc. sg. - same rule in all neuters, nom. and acc. the same
* nom. and acc. pl. - we see this in English too, sometimes, schema, schemata
* gen. pl. - always same rule for all genders, all declensions
* dat. pl. - always an iota. Where 1st and 2nd dec. is ις, 3rd dec. decides to be perverse and flip it to σι
Hermy

## Habilidades

**ATAQUE BÁSICO****QUÉDATE CONMIGO****MARTILLO ESPIRITUAL****ARMADURA ESPIRITUAL**
* **Ataque básico:** Inflige un 100 % de daño físico a un enemigo.
* **Quédate conmigo:** Otorga un 200 % de DEF a los aliados en la misma columna y provoca a los enemigos durante 3 turnos. Te curas un 15 % de tus PV - Enfriamiento: 220 s
* **Martillo espiritual:** Inflige un 110 % de daño físico a todos los enemigos en la misma fila. Tiene una probabilidad de aturdirlos durante 2 turnos. - Enfriamiento: 220 s.
* **Armadura espiritual:** Ganas un 10 % de resistencia elemental. Ganas un 100 % de tus PV en forma de escudo elemental durante 6 turnos. - Habilidad pasiva
Movable Nu

A **Movable Nu** is a ν inserted at the end of a word ending in a vowel when the following word also begins with a vowel. This is somewhat similar in English to the article "a" which becomes "an" when it comes before a word beginning with a vowel. The purpose is to make it easier to pronounce the two words in succession. The movable nu is encountered frequently but not necessarily consistently so its use may be thought of as optional. Most verbs of the 3rd person present indicative come with a movable nu. In lexicons and tables, the movable nu is shown thus: (ν)
Ἀνοίγω

**ἀνοίγω** (anoigo)

Gloss: I open

Principal parts: ἀνοίγω, ἀνοίξω, (ἀνέῳξα or ἠνέω/ξα or ἤνοιξα), ἀνέω/γα, ἀνέω/γμαι, (ἀνεῴχθην or ἠνοίχθην)

Strong's 455

GK 487

Frequency in New Testament 77

* This word occurs with lots of alternative spellings. In John 9:14, 17, 21, it occurs 3 times in the aorist 3P sg with 3 different spellings! (ἀνέῳξεν, ἠνέῳξέν, ἤνοιξεν)
* Frequently in the passive, after all, most times God is the one doing the opening.
* The present indicative 1P sg. also has an alternative ᾰ̓νοίγνῡμῐ but most lexicons list ἀνοίγω.

## Paradigms

Note not all forms are used in the NT. The tables are constructed from various sources. The forms which do occur in the NT are in bold. The LXX contains morre forms.

### Future Active Indicative

 3P | ἀνοίξει | ἀνοίξουσῐ(ν)

* exhibits contraction rule: κ, γ, χ + σ → ξ

### Future Passive Indicative

 3P | **ἀνοιγήσεται** | ἀνοιγήσονται (LXX)

### Aorist Active Indicative

 3P | **ἀνέῳξεν**/**ἠνέῳξεν**/**ἤνοιξεν** | ἤνοιξαν (LXX)

* exhibits contraction rule: κ, γ, χ + σ → ξ
* Of the variant forms of 3P sg. ἤνοιξεν is most common in the NT
Adjective

An **adjective** modifies (gives more information) about another word. In greek, an adjective can function in three ways"

* attributive - it gives an attribute or description about something, usually a noun or pronoun. E.g. The good man....
* predicate - it states a fact about something, usually a noun or pronoun. E.g. The man is good.
* substantival - it stands in the place of a noun. E.g. You can have the large or the small....

An adjective agrees with the word it modifies in case, gender and number. That is why a typical dictionary entry for an adjective will list it in all three genders.

The article can be helpful in seeing what the adjective is doing in a sentence.

## Attributive

* In attributive usage, an adjective must agree the word it modifies in case, gender, number.
* There are two patterns:
	+ **1st attributive positon** - ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος (the good man - like in English)
	+ **2nd attributive position** - ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὁ ἀγαθός (the man the good. Note the article **must** precede both noun and adjective)
Πόλις

**πόλις** (polis, πόλις, -εως, ἡ)

Gloss: city, town, settlement

Strong's 4172

GK 4484

Frequency in New Testament 162

## Notes

* Ranks 96th in terms of most frequent word in the NT
* Easily learnt, from the English cognate e.g. metropolis
* 3rd declension feminine, just have to learn the paradigm. Mostly regular except for the genitive.
Φῶς

**φῶς** (phos, φῶς, φωτός, τό)

Gloss: light

Strong's 5457

GK 5890

Frequency in New Testament 73

* ranking 235 in the list of most frequent words in the NT.
* good range of representation in most forms, the light, in the light, of the light and so on.
* useful exemplar of a neutral 3rd declension paradigm.

## Examples

* καταβαῖνον ἀπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς τῶν φώτων - James 1:17 descending from the father of lights (genitive plural)
Principal parts

The **Principal Parts** of a Greek verb is a set of 6 basic forms of a given Greek verb from which all other forms can be derived. In lexicons the principal parts are usually laid out horizontally in the same order, sometimes labelled with Roman numerals.

A typical set of principal parts for the verb λύω (I loose, I destroy) is given below:

 tense/voice
pluperf. act
pluperf. mid/pass

* λύω is the lexical form. Lexicons which list the principal parts might omit the first one because that's the lexical form.
* Where a particular form does not occur in the Greek New Testament, a lexicon might not list the form but show a dash: -

* The 1st principal part lists the 1p singular of the Present tense active. All other present forms e.g. middle/passive can be derived from the same stem. The Imperfect is not given a separate principal part because all the forms can be derived from the stem found in the 1st principal part.
* The Future active and middle are the 2nd principal part but note that the future passive is derived from the 6th principal part.
* The Aorist active and middle, similarly, uses the 3rd principal part but the aorist passive is derived from the 6th principal part. This separation is necessary because the passive is sometimes not reliably derivable from the 3rd principal part.
* In the same way, the Perfect active uses the 4th principal part but the middle/passive uses the 5th principal part.
* The Pluperfect is a rare form but is distributed the same way as for the Perfect.
Φοβέομαι

**φοβέομαι** (phobomai)

Gloss: to be afraid

Principal Parts: φοβέομαι, -, -, -, -, ἐρρήθην

Strong's 5399

GK 5828

Frequency in New Testament 95

## Notes

* In terms of frequency it ranks 182, which is quite a lot.
* Occurs predominantly in the passive or middle, when subjects are feeling afraid, or as an imperative, in telling people not to be afraid.
* And because fear is typically an ongoing state rather than an event, it's common to see it in the imperfect tense.
* Sometimes the lexical form is listed as the active "φοβέω" but no active forms occur in the NT.
* There's an easy cognate: phobia

## Paradigms

### Present Middle/Passive Imperative

* Note the 2P pl. is similar to the indicative mood.
* φοβοῦ and φοβεῖσθε are very common - 13x and 12x

### Infinitives

* Present Middle/Passive: **φοβῆσαι**
* Aorist: φοβῆσαι
Postpositive

A **postpositive** word never occurs first in a clause. These are typically conjunctions. In English translations, these conjunctions might be placed first. A postpositive is commonly placed second although it can occur later as well. Note that καί is not a postpositive.

## Examples

* γάρ (for)
* δέ (but, and)
* οὖν (therefore)
Historical present

Historical present, also known as narrative or dramatic present, is the use of the present tense in narrating past events. This is often done to make the account more vivid or dramatic. It is common in koine Greek and occurs frequently in the Gospels of Mark and John. When translated into English, however, these passages are typically rendered in the simple past tense.

The use of the historical present is common in verbs of speech, motion or for transitions, when something new is coming on to the scene.

## Examples

John 1:29: Τῇ ἐπαύριον βλέπει τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐρχόμενον πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ λέγει· ἴδε ὁ ἀμνὸς τοῦ θεοῦ ὁ αἴρων τὴν ἁμαρτίαν τοῦ κόσμου. (Τhe next day he (John) sees Jesus coming to him and he says: behold the Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world.)
Ὁράω

**ὁράω**

Principal parts: ὁράω, ὄψομαι, ὠψάμην, ἑώρακα, -, ὤφθην

Root: ορα as seen in the perfect
the root ὀπ -> ὄψ is visible in the future tense

Gloss: I see

Strongs: 3708

GK: 3972

Freqeuncy: 454

* Mounce classifies this as a v-1d(1a) verb, verbs which do not change from the root in forming the present tense but with stems ending in α and which may therefore do some contraction with a tense formative.
* This is a very large group and includes words like ἀγαπάω.
* Occurs frequently, often in the imperative: see!
* According to Mounce in MBG ὁράω was being replaced by other words: βλέπω, θεωρέω, and ὀπτάνομαι.
* The aorist form is rare and occurs only once in the subjunctive in Luke 13:28.
* According to Mounce in MBG also, the aorist form was being replaced by εἶδον (eidon) which has a separate GK number 1625. Other lexicons might list it as the aorist of ὁράω.
* εἶδον is formed from a different root and occurs a lot.
* The imperfect tense is formed from the present stem so ἐώρων.
Top Mistakes for Beginners

## When producing a Greek sentence

* Forgetting the accusative case for an object and using the lexical form instead
* Forgetting the augment in an aorist
* Forgetting to reduplicate for a perfect
* Getting case wrong with prepositions -- often needs genitive or dative
* Getting case wrong with certain verbs
* Forgetting article with adjectives or participles where this is necessary
Εἶδον

**εἶδον**

Treated by many grammars as the aorist of ὁράω. ὁράω has its own aorist ὠψάμην which however occurs only once in the NT as a subjunctive in Luke 13:28.

Gloss: I saw

Strongs: 3708 (same as ὁράω)

GK: 1625 (separate GK number from ὁράω)

## Notes

* εἶδον actually has a theoretical present active indicative εἴδω but this doesn't occur in the NT. Was in NT times being replaced by ὁράω.
* Root of εἶδον is \*Fιδ. The symbol is a digamma with a w sound, from which we get video.

## Paradigms

2nd aorist active indicative paradigm

 2P
 3P

Tip: aorist ending in -ον often are the same in 1P sing. and 3P plur. Have to determine from context which it is.
Complementary infinitive

A **complementary infinitive** is a verb in the infinitive form which is used with an indicative verb to complete the idea or action of the verb.

The complementary infinitive can be present or aorist:

* present - to express am action viewed as a process or ongoing
* aorist - to express an action viewed as a complete whole

## Examples

* present example: Οὐ δύναμαι ἐγὼ ποιεῖν ἀ ἐμαυτοῦ οὐδέν (I am able to do nothing on my own, John 8:30) - δύναμαι is the indicative verb "able" and ποιεῖν is the present infinitive "to do" which completes the idea of "able".
* aorist example: δυνήσεται ἡμᾶς χωρίσαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγάπης τοῦ θεοῦ (will be able to separate us from the love of God, Romans 8:39) - χωρίσαι is aorist infinitive.

## Observations

It seems the choice of present or aorist infinitive is a matter of subtle nuance. In the case of "able to do", the speaker is telling the listener, see, all the things I am doing.... So he is looking at the things he is doing as onging processes. He is doing, and will continue to be doing these things. In the aorist example, "nothing will be able to separate us", the speaker is not interested in elaborating whether the act of separation is a process or an event since it isn't going to happen. He wants to emphasise that "nothing can". So he uses the aorist.
Αὐτὸς

**αὐτὸς** (autos, αὐτός, -ή, -ό)

gloss: 3rd person pronoun, adjective, intensifier in its various forms. In masculine: he, his, himself etc.

Strong's 846

GK 899

Frequency 5597

* The third most common word in the Greek New Testament with a range of meanings and uses.
* Has a wide variety of forms for the various genders and cases. Fortunately all very regular as seen in the tables below.

## Paradigms

**Masculine**

 accusative | αὐτόν | αὐτούς

**Feminine**

 accusative | αὐτήν | αὐτάς

Note carefully the accent mark on αὐτή. It will be useful to distinguish it from the demonstrative nominative feminine αὕτη which has a rough breathing and an accent over the first syllable.

**Neuter**

 accusative | αὐτό | αὐτά

Like in many situations, the neuter follows the masculine but loses the ν at the end of the nominative and accusative.

## Uses

### As an intensifier

αὐτὸς can function as an intensifier, to emphasis the subject of an action. Also called a reflexive intensifier. For example:

* καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ θεὸς - and God **himself**

Characteristics:

* will always be in the nominative
* will always be in the predicate position, e.g. before the subject and not preceded by an article
* person - no person is determined by the verb
* number - agrees with the verb
* gender - agrees with the subject or the implied subject

### As a regular 3rd person pronoun

Since the person is usually inherent in the verb, αὐτὸς in the nominative would seem redundant (just like in many European languages like Spanish). Thus its presence in the nominative usually signals intensifification. But it does occur as a plain old nominative pronoun:

* αὐτὸς γὰρ σώσει τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ - for he will save his people (Matthew 1:21)
* ὅτι αὐτοὶ τὸν θεὸν ὄψονται - for they will see God (Matthew 5:8)

Where it occurs in any other case, and is not in the attributive position, it is functioning as a regular 3rd person pronoun: his, to him, him etc. Plenty of such examples here.
John 3:1

**Ἦν δὲ ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τῶν Φαρισαίων, Νικόδημος ὄνομα αὐτῷ, ἄρχων τῶν Ἰουδαίων**

Now there was man from the pharisees, named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews

* δὲ - glossed as and/but. When used to introduce a new thing which may or may not be connected to the previous text. So effectively translated as "now".
* Ἦν - simply the form of εἰμί.
* ἐκ τῶν Φαρισαίων - from the pharisees. Note ἐκ takes genitive - from out of the pharisees
* Νικόδημος ὄνομα αὐτῷ - ὄνομα is neuter nominative sg. αὐτῷ is dative. The name to him (was) Nicodemus.
Ἐσθίω

**ἐσθίω** (esthio)

Gloss: I eat

Principal parts: ἐσθίω, φάγομαι, ἔφαγον, -, -, -

Strong's 2068, 5315 for φάγω

GK 2266

Frequency in New Testament 158

## Notes

* This word has a complicated family story but since it ranks 103rd in the most frequent words in the NT, it's worth learning. So much of the bible touches on eating, whether physically, or symbolically in the sense of assimilating or partaking of something.
* Forms relating to ἐσθίω only occur in the present and imperfect tenses.
* In other tenses, aorist, the forms relate to a different root \*φαγ. The lexical form φάγω has different Strong's number 5315 but not every lexicon lists it separately.
* Often relating to instructions or wishes, so forms in the imperative, infinitive and subjunctive are common.

## Paradigms

### Infinitives

* Present: ἐσθίειν
* 2nd Aorist: φαγεῖν
1 John 1:1

**Ὃ ἦν ἀ ἀρχῆς, ὃ ἀκηκόαμεν, ὃ ἑωράκαμεν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν, ὃ ἐθεασάμεθα καὶ αἱ χεῖρες ἡμῶν ἐψηλάφησαν περὶ τοῦ λόγου τῆς ζωῆς ἐθεασάμεθα καὶ αἱ χεῖρες ἡμῶν ἐψηλάφησαν περὶ τοῦ λόγου τῆς ζωῆς**

That which was in the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen with our eyes, which we looked upon and our hands touched concerning the word of life

* Ὃ - relative pronoun is neuter. Why? Clearly later he is talking about the person of Jesus who, he has seen, heard, touched and so on. A few explanations found from the internet resources. John implied as his main topic "the eternal life" or "the life", which is a neuter entity. Christ is, of course, Life itself. Another explanation is that John is referring to the totality of his experience--"all that I have heard, seen...." about Jesus, about eternal life.... in this case neuter is appropriate.
* ἀκηκόαμεν and ἑωράκαμεν are perfect tense. Things completed in the past but which have, as is obvious here, ongoing consequences or relevance to the present discourse
* τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς - puzzled by the absence of a preposition? That's what dative is for. This is the instrumental use of the dative. By means of, with the eyes.
* the next two verbs ἐθεασάμεθα and ἐψηλάφησαν are plain aorist indicative. Perhaps here John is referring to a one-off event like when he saw and touched Jesus when he first appeared to the disciples after his resurrection.
Λαμβάνω

**λαμβάνω**

Gloss: I take, I receive

Verb

Principal parts: λαμβάνω, λήμψομαι, ἔλαβον, εἴληφα, εἴλημμαι, ἐλήμφθην

Root: λαβ

Frequency: 258

## Notes

* Mounce classifies this as a v-3a(2b) verb, one of those where the root undergoes some rule based change to get to the present tense stem
* According to Mounce in MBG, two things happen to get from λαβ -> λαμβάν
	+ epithetic αν added to the end (to help with pronunciation): λαβ + αν -> λαμβάν
	+ to the short vowel of the root, add ν but then this comes up against a labial β so changes to a μ: λαβάν + ν -> λαvβάν -> λαμβάν

* The imperfect tense is formed from the present stem so ἐλάμβανον
* The aorist is formed straightforwardly from the root as a second aorist which has augment and secondary personal ending but no tense formative. So ἔλαβον. The root is most clearly visible here.
* The other tenses the root is not so clearly visible because the αβ have gone through various transforms.

## Derived words

Lots of prepositions can be tacked on to produce a range of compound words:

* καταλαμβάνω (I understand, I overcome) John 1:5

## Paradigms

### 2nd Aorist

 2P
 3P

In 2nd aorist, unlike 1st aorist, the 1P sing. does use the ν as does the 3P plur. Hence they are the same.