The Ottoman Republic

The once great Ottoman Empire sprawling from Budapest in the North, to Algiers in the West, to Baghdad in the East, and Mecca to the South is now relegated to Anatolia and Syria, rife with stability issues, the Ottoman Empire, now a Republic, with Abdulmejid II as its Caliph, is some what stabilizing, but has to deal with Arab revolts in Syria, as well as the Kurds in Anatolia.

## History

### Before World War One (1908 - 1914)

In 1908, a failed Young Turk coup had lead to the execution of many of the leaders of the Young Turks, namely Enver Pasha and Kemal Pasha. The failed coup and the execution of many of the leaders of the Young Turks, left them leaderless and by 1911 had almost died out. The Parliament was filled with conservatives. In the Balkan Wars, the Ottomans lost all of there Balkan Holdings except for Edirne and Konstantiniyye, which was regained in the Second Balkan War.

### Neutrality (1914 - 1918)

Once Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in 1914 in the city of Sarajevo, the Ottoman Empire immediately declared neutrality, not wanting to get trapped in a Major European War. Throughout the war, the Ottoman Conservatives passed many acts, such as closing the Bosporus Straights to all sides in the war. Also, the Ottoman industry some what grew as the Ottomans exported cheap goods to some of the countries in WW1, mainly the Russians. The Ottomans also seized the former province of Kars from the Georgians in 1918, after the treaty of Brest Litovsk.

### Post War (1918 - 1929)

The Ottoman Empire was left rather untouched throughout the Great War, and the Ottomans encouraged much investment from foreign powers, such as the French paying for oil fields in Syria. The Ottomans actually had an economic boom during this era, and their industry kept on growing. However after the great depression began in 1929, the Ottoman Empire's economy collapsed. Once oil fields were being constructed across Syria, the Ottomans began the assimilation of the local Arabs in Syria.

### Cracks Begin to Form (1929 - 1933)

The Ottoman Empire was in a fragile state during the Post War era, only being supported up by the growing economy, the Ottoman Empire began collapsing during the Great Depression. The first cracks began to form after the Hejaz Vilayet declared independence. The Ottomans immediately marched an army into Hejaz to regain the land, but was repulsed. This showed the weakness of the Ottoman Army, and shortly after, the Emirate of Hai'l declared independence from the Ottomans striking at modern day Israel and Jordan annexing the territories. The Ottomans had defeat after defeat, however Ottoman luck seem to have turned around during the Shiite revolt in Iraq during 1931, where the Ottomans crushed the Shiites near Basra ending the rebellion. However, Kurdish rebels in Iraq had cut off the Ottoman control in the hole of Iraq, and the Ottomans created a Iraqi state. The Ottoman Empire only controlled modern day Syria and Turkey, and nothing else, having to make an independent Kurd State. In 1933, Russian landed troops Konstantiniyye, the Russian Army, being far superior to the Ottomans decisively defeated them, taking control of the Dardanelles and Konstantiniyye. This sparked international outrage, and the British pressured the Russians by sending ships into Konstantiniyye, threatening to bombard the Russian Black Sea fleet and to blockade the Bosporus. This made the Russians to withdraw from Konstantiniyye.

### Ottoman Reform (1933 - )

Sultan Abdulmejid, having lost much support from the largely conservative Ottoman Parliament, was pressured to create the 'Ottoman Republic' in where the Caliph would have small powers, and the Parliament would have more. Abdulmejid caved into the Parliament demands. Immediately, the Parliament called out to the Germans, requesting help modernizing their army. The Germans obliged. Now, the Ottoman Parliament is rapidly industrializing their country by allowing free trade and large capitalist influences. In 1935, during the Syndicalist War of 1935, the Ottomans seized French oil fields, further bolstering the Ottoman Economy. In 1933, the Ottoman Empire launched attacks into Kurdistan, retaking the region.

## Military

### Army

The Ottoman Army is of medium size, and is modernizing with the help of a German military mission.

### Navy

The Ottoman Navy numbering 27 Ships, most of the ships are outdated, with the exception of a few modern submarines.

### Airforce

The Ottoman Airforce is very small. Most of the planes are relics from before WW1, and the modern ones are German fighters.