(Shingō: General Provisions Act)

# P.R. 0001:

**Chapter 1:**

> **§1)** In determining the meaning of any Act of Parliament, unless the context indicates otherwise—
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> words importing the singular include and apply to several persons, parties, or things;
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> words importing the plural include the singular;
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> words importing the masculine gender include the feminine as well;
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> words used in the present tense include the future as well as the present;
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> “officer” includes any person authorized by law to perform the duties of the office;
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> “signature” or “subscription” includes a mark when the person making the same intended it as such;
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> “oath” includes affirmation, and “sworn” includes affirmed;
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> “writing” includes printing and typewriting and reproductions of visual symbols by photographing,
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> multi-graphing, mimeographing, manifolding, or otherwise.
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> **§2)**
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> * **(a)** In determining the meaning of any Act of Parliament, or of any ruling, regulation, or interpretation of the various administrative bureaus and agencies of the Imperial Republic of Shingō, the words “person”, “human being”, “child”, and “individual”, shall include every infant member of the species homo sapiens who is born alive at any stage of development.
> * **(b)** As used in this section, the term “born alive”, with respect to a member of the species homo sapiens, means the complete expulsion or extraction from his or her mother of that member, at any stage of development, who after such expulsion or extraction breathes or has a beating heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles, regardless of whether the umbilical cord has been cut, and regardless of whether the expulsion or extraction occurs as a result of natural or induced labor, cesarean section, or induced abortion.
> * **(c)** Nothing in this section shall be construed to affirm, deny, expand, or contract any legal status or legal right applicable to any member of the species homo sapiens at any point prior to being “born alive” as defined in this section.
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> **§3)** Whenever an Act is repealed, which repealed a former Act, such former Act shall not thereby be revived, unless it shall be expressly so provided.
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> **§4)** The repeal of any statute shall not have the effect to release or extinguish any penalty, forfeiture, or liability incurred under such statute, unless the repealing Act shall so expressly provide, and such statute shall be treated as still remaining in force for the purpose of sustaining any proper action or prosecution for the enforcement of such penalty, forfeiture, or liability. The expiration of a temporary statute shall not have the effect to release or extinguish any penalty, forfeiture, or liability incurred under such statute, unless the temporary statute shall so expressly provide, and such statute shall be treated as still remaining in force for the purpose of sustaining any proper action or prosecution for the enforcement of such penalty, forfeiture, or liability.
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**Chapter 2:**

> **§1)** The Minister of Foreign Affairs shall cause to be compiled, edited, indexed, and published, a compilation entitled “Imperial Republic of Shingō Treaties and Other International Agreements,” which shall contain all treaties to which the Imperial Republic of Shingō is a party that have been proclaimed during each calendar year, and all international agreements other than treaties to which the Imperial Republic of Shingō is a party that have been signed, proclaimed, or with reference to which any other final formality has been executed, during each calendar year. The said Imperial Republic of Shingō Treaties and Other International Agreements shall be legal evidence of the treaties, international agreements other than treaties, and proclamations by Parliament of such treaties and agreements, therein contained, in all the courts of the Imperial Republic of Shingō, and the Territories and insular possessions of the Imperial Republic of Shingō.
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