Federal Republic of China

703AD-845AD

Flag of the Federal Republic

### Ethnic groups

Han Chinese, Tujia, Caijia, Hmong, Mien, Zhuang, Yi, Formosans, Hui, Mongols, Manchus

### Regional Language(s)

Mandarin, Yue, Hakka, Min, Wu, Xiang, Gan, Pinghua, Sichuanhua, Yunnanhua, North Zhaung, South Zhuang, Formosan languages, Hmong, Mien, Waxiang, Caijia, Tujia, Yi, Hlai

### Minority Religion(s)

Taoism, Buddhism, Chinese folk religions, Islam

### Legislature

National Assembly of China(700 elected members)

### Succeded by

Various Chinese states

The **Federal Republic of China** was a major Chinese nation, and the first nation to unite the region of Han China since Mandakh. The nation controlled the entirety of China from Yunnan up to Gansu and Liaoning, as well as the Pacific Northwest in North America as a colony known as *Chinese Columbia*. Originally splitting off from the Republic of Canton, its home territory was located in the province of *Hunan*. They would eventually begin to expand outwards and annexing neighboring Chinese countries. They were eventually able to achieve the goal of uniting all of Han China once again, and they lasted until the mid-ninth century. The federal republic was officially established after the Chinese Civil War. The nation was a federal republic made up of 23 provinces and a National Assembly of 700 members, with provinces and its colony also having their own assemblies. They collapsed after the death of their last president.

## History

### Early independence

The Federal Republic, then known as the *Republic of Hunan*, split off from the Republic of Canton in 703AD. For its first 11 years, it was led by Long Shui, a revolutionary who led the independence movement. Under his leadership, Hunan established its independence from Canton and grew slightly in the following years. After announcing his resignation, elections began to be held every four years. Over the next three decades, Hunan gained some territory from its neighbors, but also lost some to neighboring Sichuan, who became its rival for a while.

### Beginning of expansion

Hunan began to expand under president Xiao Hua, who would invade Sichuan. With the help of Yunnan, who was already invading them, Sichuan surrendered. Hunan doubled in size from this victory, and new provinces were established in conquered land. Some areas would become jointly administered by both Hunan and Yunnan for some time.

Despite his victory, Xiao would only served one term, losing to Bai Meng of the socialist party. Her two terms were relatively uneventful, but it marked the beginning of the Hunan Nationalist Party's growth. Yuan Chang was elected following her, and the nationalists continued to grow. In the midterm local and parliamentary elections, the nationalists would win a majority.

### Rule of the nationalists

In the wake of the nationalist victory, protests began across the country demanding for a new presidential election. As a result of the pressure Yuan Chang, allowed another one to occur. He resigned from his party shortly afterwards. In the snap election, Qiao Jin won the presidency, beginning a three-decade long rule of the HNP. In his first term, he annexed the Wu state to the east, and split the jointly administered region with Yunnan.

After being elected again, he extended presidential terms to six years, and made contact with Cantonese nationalists. He also repaired roads. In his third term, he intervened against the Zhuang and in favor of the Cantonese. He annexed the Zhuang entirely, and gave the Cantonese a de jure autonomous region. As he was unable to run again, he instead supported his close political ally, Meng Nuan.

Under Meng Nuan, Hainan was annexed, followed afterwards by Taiwan. However, she only served one term and would be succeeded as president by Qiao Xinyi, the son of Qiao Jin. Shortly afterwards, Hunan was able to convince Yunnan to join their nation under threat of a war. The nation's name was changed to the Changjiang Republic shortly afterwards, which reflected its large size and its reliance on the Yangtze River.

### Changjiang Republic

Qiao Xinyi was re-elected in 786AD, and his party continued to consistently win elections. The Shandong state was defeated and annexed, which brought the Changjiang Republic to its largest extent. In 790AD, a very controversial election occurred, which resulted in the socialists being disqualified, and a nationalist victory. After other opposition parties declared its results illegitimate, protests flared up across the country. Crackdowns against the protests began in Guangzhou, the largest opposition-held city, and violence spread quickly to other regions. Martial law would be declared in Yue and Hakka-speaking provinces shortly after in an attempt to quell the protests, but it was far too late to stop them.

### Chinese Civil War

After escalating clashes in the Pearl River Delta, anti-government militias quickly occupied the major cities of the region, which began the Chinese Civil War. This three-year long civil war resulted in the downfall of the nationalist dictatorship, and Qiao Xinyi fled to New Caledonia during its last months. After the civil war, many changes occurred to China. The nation was renamed to the Federal Republic of China, the Nationalist party was dissolved primarily as a result of its authoritarian rule leading to them sparking the civil war, and the capital was moved from Changsha up to Nanjing. This was done since it was located much closer to the sea, and was near the center of the country. They also established the new federalist system, which defined the country for the rest of its existence.

### Post-Civil War

After the civil war, the Federal Republic continued its expansion. In 802AD, under president Long Wei, a colony was established in North America. This colony would become known as Chinese Columbia, and would grow to encompass most of the Pacific Northwest. Two years later, the Shaanxi nation would be annexed. Afterwards, they would invade and annex Zhili. Under Kong Zhelan, they invaded Gansu, which effectively completed their period of expansion in Asia. For the next 30 years, China would not enter into any wars directly, although it sent volunteers to some countries, such as Finland during their war with Denmark. They also defeated a short-lived nationalistic uprising in Guangdong. The Federal Republic of China collapsed in 845AD, when the president, Xu Yonghua, mysteriously died. In the wake of his death, the country collapsed into its various provinces.

## Politics

China was a federalist democratic republic. It was divided into 23 provinces, as well as a special capital territory of Nanjing. The Chinese National Assembly was made up of 700 members who were all elected every four years. Each province had their own provincial assemblies, giving them some autonomy. The president was also elected once every 4 years. During its early years, the main dominant parties were the Socialist Party, Democratic Party and Liberal Party. All three held the presidency at various times. Many minor parties had successes in local elections. After the Nationalist party rose to prominence, they eclipsed most of the other major parties in terms of power. They held control over both the presidency and national assembly for over thirty years.

As a result of the Chinese Civil War, the Nationalist party was banned and dissolved. In the years after the Chinese Civil War, the Socialist, Democratic and Liberal parties returned to prominence, alongside the formation and rise of the smaller Communist, Green, and Conservative parties. In addition to these major national parties, there were many local parties which had successes in the provinces, as well as various smaller national parties. The Socialist party ruled for the longest period of time, for a total of 55 years.

### Provinces

1. Guangdong (Guangzhou)
2. Guangxi (Nanning)
3. Yunnan (Kunming)
4. Fujian (Fuzhou)
5. Jiangxi (Nanchang)
6. Hunan (Changsha)
7. Guizhou (Guiyang)
8. Sichuan (Chengdu)
9. Chongqing (Chongqing)
10. Hubei (Wuhan)
11. Anhui (Hefei)
12. Zhejiang (Hangzhou)
13. Jiangsu (Shanghai)
14. Shandong (Jinan)
15. Henan (Zhengzhou)
16. Hebei (Beijing)
17. Liaoxi (Jinzhou)
18. Shanxi (Taiyuan)
19. Shaanxi (Xi'an)
20. Gansu (Lanzhou)
21. Hainan (Haikou)
22. Taiwan (Taipei)
23. Columbia (Victoria)

### List of Presidents

In total, China had 21 presidents during its existence, with one serving as an acting president during the Civil War.

1. Long Shui (703AD - 714AD)
2. Dong Qing (714AD - 718AD)
3. Lin Hui (718AD - 722AD)
4. Qiu Yin (722AD - 730AD)
5. Zhang Lingxin (730AD - 734AD)
6. Bai Gang (734AD - 742AD)
7. Xiao Hua (742AD - 746AD)
8. Bai Meng (746AD - 754AD)
9. Yuan Chang (754AD - 760AD)
10. Qiao Jin (760AD - 774AD)
11. Meng Nuan (774AD - 780AD)
12. Qiao Xinyi (780AD - 793AD) (Overthrown)
13. Gong Wang (792AD - 794AD) (Transitional)
14. Long Wei (794AD - 802AD)
15. Cao Ming (802AD - 810AD)
16. Kong Zhelan (810AD - 814AD)
17. Duan Li (814AD - 818AD)
18. Liang Zedong (818AD - 826AD)
19. Liao Tao (826AD - 832AD)
20. Tang Qiu (832AD - 840AD)
21. Xu Yonghua (840AD - 845AD)