Modern Golic Vulcan Grammar Lesson 12

TGV/MGV - Lesson 12

Ba-|Iyi-Gol-Vuhlkansu - Tupa 12

ADJECTIVAL FORMS

Rub-Zhit-Shidlar

This lesson builds on the information in Lesson 8.

The student might find it useful to review that lesson now.

New Vocabulary

Uzh-Zhit-Feim

abrashau to pick up

set-tor to drop

tev-tor to fall

vazgau to steal

s' from

akansu an alien

Andorsu an Andorian

Beidzhorsu a Bajoran

Beituh'zedsu a Betazed

Deltasu a Deltan

ek'zer gem, jewel

Ferengi a Ferengi

Gornarsu a Gorn

Horta a Horta

Kardassu a Cardassian

kitau-skaf desk

kosu woman

lan-tol floor

Melkotsu a Melkotian

natuhn box

Raidzhelsu a Rigellian

Rihansu a Romulan

salasu a native

sasu man

Tellarsu a Tellarite

Terrasu an Earthling (Terran)

Tlingansu a Klingon

Vuhlkansu a Vulcan

See also the chart below

Notes

Pitohlar

1. In Traditional and Modern Golic Vulcan, nearly every true adjective has two forms -- Combining Form and Non-Combining Form. (If you have not already done so, please review the material in Lesson 8 for a basic introduction to adjectives.)

2. The Combining Form of most adjectives is the base root word, although there are a few exceptions to be seen in our large vocabulary lists. This "root" is then prefixed to the noun to modify it.

3. The Non-Combining Form of most adjectives is the base root word, suffixed with the adjectival ending "~ik". These are considered "Regular Adjectives". Of course, many adjectives borrowed from older or other languages do not follow this construction. These are considered "Irregular Adjectives". The student will learn these through study and practice.

4. Adjectives based on verbs ending in "ai" or "au" are nearly always formed by directly suffixing "~k"; for example, "volaik" or "patauk". These are also considered Regular Adjectives.

5. Some Irregular Adjectives have the same spelling for both Combining and Non-Combining Form. The best known of these is "tsuri" (common, regular, usual) and its negative counterpart "ritsuri" (uncommon, irregular, unusual). Of course, the Combining Form is still separated by a punctuation mark.

6. It is the tendency in Golic Vulcan to prefer using the Combining Form whenever possible. Therefore, if the noun is composed of no more than two word segments -- for example, "dal" or "dal-nath" -- then the Combining Form of the adjective is often prefixed to the noun. A Combining Form is never prefixed to a trinary word such as "bai-lon-tak", due to the Golic Vulcan word formation rule that prevents such formation. Always use the Non-Combining Form with a trinary word. Note: When an adjectival form is used in addressing someone when a name is not known, the Non-Combining form is invariably used. So, "hey, little boy, leave my sehlat alone" would use "pi sa-kan" and not "pi'sa-kan".

7. Golic Vulcan forms an adjective referring to or describing something to do with a specific people, race or culture by using the same form for the name of the people or their language but it is not capitalized. This is because the Vulcan characters are all the same size in this special adjective. For example, someone from Bajor or their language is "Beidzhorsu" (Bajoran) but the adjective is "beidzhorsu" (Bajoran). This form nearly always follows the noun it describes. So if you wanted to say "Bajoran wilderness" it would be "shi'kwai beidzhorsu" (literally, "wilderness Bajoran").

8. Golic Vulcan also has a construction that acts as an adjective; this is colloquially called a "With Modifier" but actually has no official grammatical term. Two examples are "k'avon" (hungry, literally "with hunger") and "k'mag" (thirsty, literally "with thirst"). These were once very common in older forms of the Golic Vulcan languages but are not as common in Traditional or Modern Golic. Since these words are already prefixed with a preposition, no other prepositions can be added. To say "with the hungry le-matya", for example, you'd say "k'le-matya k'avon".

In the tables below are some examples of various kinds of adjectives in both forms:

F.S. English TGV/MGV

Combining Form TGV/MGV

Non-Combining Form

acidic sash- sashik

aggressive kres- kresik

alkaline sovash- sovashik

angry reshen- reshnek

automatic shati- shatik

big, large suk' suk

black nesh- nesh-kur

blind glan-fam- glan-famik

bright ugel- ugelik

clear pa'shi- pa'shik

cold sam- samek

common, regular tsuri- tsuri

dead tevi- tevik

deaf zhu-fam- zhu-famik

dishonest ritrau- ritrau

dishonorable ridor- ridorli

easy, simple veli- velik

fast sahr- sahris

fat thel- thelik

foreign --- k'shatri

frequent vakav- vakav

general pa'es- paik

good rom- rom

harmful klau-bosh- klau-bosh

healthy muhl-bosh- muhl-bosh

heavy ras- ras

honest trau- trau

honorable dor- dorli

hot fal- fal

hungry --- k'avon

ill, sick has-bosh- has-bosh

jealous kis- kis-ka

little, small pi' pi

long wu- wu

mature vin- vinik

medical has- hasuk

microscopic numo- numo

modern iyi- iyik

mutant tsel- tselik

native sala- salatik

natural malat- malatik

next thurai- thurai

obese thel'an- thel'anik

old-fashioned --- vesh-nartauk

original tvesh- tveshik

peaceful sochya-bosh- sochya-bosh

possible --- tor-yehat

pretty takov- takov

quiet hizh- hizhuk

radioactive --- galu-sayuk

right, correct yeht- yeht

same ka- ka

short pen- pen

silent ralash-fam- ralash-famik

slow vohr- vohris

static vit- vitik

tall ha-vol- ha-vol

tame fnau- fnau

telepathic --- irak-nahik

thick bali- bali

thirsty --- k'mag

tired zungri- zungor

traditional ba- baik

ugly watosh- watosh

united --- kaunshuk

useless is-fam- is-famik

violent khrash- khrashik

white wan- wan-kur

Exercise 1

Tusok 1

Translate the following into Federation Standard English:

1. Tlingansu khrashik hi Deltasu sochya-bosh. 2. Zhai-sehlatlar fnau hi le-matyalar kresik. 3. Ferengi ritrau hi Vuhlkansu trau. 4. Raidzhelsu k'avon heh k'mag. 5. Nesh-sehlat heh pla-kushel pi eh hizhuk. 6. Shitau Sonok ras-dunap fi'suk'pasu. 7. Dvin-tor T'Luki yar-sazhlar heh zhar-savaslar. 8. Abrashau reshnek Kardassu pi'natuhn s'kitau-skaf. 9. Tev-tor wu-lipau fi'lan-tol. 10. Set-tor Rihansu suk'snauk fi'yar-pasu. 11. Vazgau ridorli Tellarsu ek'zerler t'etek s'pi'kitau-skaf. 12. Ha-vol Beituh'zedsu glan-fam heh pen Vuhlkansu zhu-fam.

Exercise 2

Tusok 2

Translate the following into Golic Vulcan:

1. The Rigellian is violent but the Horta is peaceful. 2. The black sehlats are tame but the le-matyas are aggressive. 3. The Ferengi is dishonest but the Earthling is honest. 4. The Klingon is hungry and thirsty. 5. The grey sehlat and the blackbird are small and quiet. 6. T'Luki puts the heavy book on the small table. 7. The angry Andorian picks up the large box from the desk. 8. Sonok serves orange vegetables and blue fruits. 9. The long spoon falls on the floor. 10. The Romulan drops the large fork on the blue table. 11. The dishonorable Gorn steals our jewels from the big desk. 12. The tall Vulcan is blind and the short Betazed is deaf.

The student is encouraged to learn further by making new sentences based on words from the dictionaries.