Brief Timeline of Events

## Pre-1880

**1864:** The Treaty of Richmond is signed, officially signaling the recognition of the Confederate States of America as separated from the United States of America.

**1875: (Cuba)** The Confederacy intervenes in Cuba in support of Spain, against abolitionist rebels under Marti.

**1877: (Cuba)** The uprising against Spanish rule in Cuba is successfully defeated with Confederate aid; the resulting Treaty of Santa Clara provided for the Confederate occupation of the island, on Spain's behalf, for the next ten years.

**1878: (Mexico)** With Confederate support, Porfirio Diaz successfully seizes power in Mexico and becomes President.

**1880: (Mexico)** After Diaz refuses to reinstate slavery or to hand over mining concessions along the northern border, he is assassinated while on his honeymoon trip in New Orleans. This quickly results in chaos in Mexico.

## 1880s

**1882: (Mexico)** Confederate-Mexican War. After two failed coup attempts, a third ends in the assassination of Mexican President Aguilera, a pro-Confederate moderate. Using this as a pretext, the Confederacy invades Mexico, taking advantage of the turmoil to advance rapidly.

**1885: (Mexico)** After several victories, the Confederacy enters Mexico City. While resistance forces retreat to Guadalajara, the Confederacy installs a new Republic of Mexico and imposes harsh territorial terms on the Mexicans.

**1885: (Confederacy)** In the face of severe resistance in the Mexican territories, the Militia Act is signed into law.

**1887: (Cuba and Spain)** At the end of the ten-year treaty term, the Spanish demand the departure of Confederate forces from Cuba. However, General John Bell Hood, commander of forces in Cuba, refused the request; in response, the Spanish land troops at Santiago de Cuba, starting the Confederate-Spanish War.

**1888: (Cuba and Spain)** Within ten months of declaring war, Spanish troops are decisively defeated at the Battle of Camaguey, while the Spanish Navy is mauled at the Battle of Gibara. The Spanish are forced to come to terms, signing away not only Cuba but also Puerto Rico to the Confederacy.

**1890: (Hispaniola)** The Confederacy participates in a coup against Ulises Heureaux, the President of the Dominican Republic, which results in his death in May, while in July, the Navy bombards Port-au-Prince in support of a candidate to the presidency, successfully bringing Haiti to heel.

## 1890s

**1891 (Hispaniola)**: The Confederacy lands troops in Haiti to maintain order, and soon begins clashing with forces from the Dominican Republic next door.

**1892 (Guatemala)**: A native uprising leads to the Confederacy sending troops into Guatemala, sparking a war with Guatemala which eventually draws in El Salvador and Honduras as well due to their supposed support of the Guatemalans.

**1893 (Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador)**: Confederate victory at Tegucigalpa brings an end to the Southern War after 14 months; while Guatemala and Honduras are partially annexed, El Salvador is given new territories from the two annexed countries for its role in switching sides.

**1894 (British Honduras)**: Honduras Incident. Confederate irregulars from the Territorial forces enter the territory of British Honduras in pursuit of escaped slaves and native rebels, resulting in a British demand for restitution and withdrawal.

The Confederates do not respond to the ultimatum, and mobilise the Navy, sparking off the brief Confederate-British War. The Jamaica Squadron's ships quickly catch and badly maul a Confederate squadron off Cancun, sinking the *CSS Louisiana*, and then mount a circumnavigation of Cuba during which they encounter and again destroy a Confederate force before returning with only light damage to Kingston.

**1895 (Confederacy)**: Shocked by the humiliation from the Royal Navy, the Confederate Congress passes the First Naval Act to strengthen its navy.

**1895 (Hispaniola)**: The Dominican Republic rises in rebellion against the Confederacy. Fighting lasts for some six months, until Santo Domingo, capital of the Dominican Republic, is surrounded and put under a siege and heavy bombardment for 14 days, killing thousands. This ends with the retirement of the President of the Dominican Republic, and the whole of Hispaniola is annexed to the Confederacy as a territory.

**1897 (Nicaragua)**: Forrest's Coup in Nicaragua: William Bedford Forrest, son of the famed Nathan Bedford Forrest, launches a coup in Nicaragua, before inviting Confederate troops into the country just 12 days after the coup.

**1897 (Panama)**: Stuart's Coup in Panama: J.E.B. Stuart Jr., almost simultaneously to Forrest, begins a three-month civil war in Panama which ends with his capture of Panama City. Similarly to Forrest, he then invites Confederate troops and militia into Panama.

**1898 (Costa Rica)**: June War: Inspired by the two previous coups, plantation owners in Panama and Nicaragua agitate for a war against Costa Rica, and a coalition of militias land in June. San Jose is captured near the end of June, and Costa Rica is similarly made a client state of the Confederacy.