Irish English

Irish English, also known as Hiberno-English, is a variant of English native to the Island of Ireland. It is one of two official languages in the country, along with the Irish language (Gaelic). It was formerly known as "Anglo-Irish". There are several shared features in pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary across the forms of English throughout the island. The language derives from Gaelic and no longer features familiar accents in England or North America.  Today, phonologists separate Irish English into multiple overarching dialects or accents, such as the Ulster accents, West and South-West Irish accents (such as the Cork accent), several Dublin accents, and standard accents that have been expanded since the latter half of the 21st Century (outside Northern Ireland).

## Irish English vs British English

Although the writing methods, such as spelling, are similar to British English, Irish English has diverse accents, and some grammatical structures and vocabulary are different. People in Ireland generally use grammar the same way as British English speakers, except for those who speak the local dialect. However, when one looks at everyday speech, it is unmistakable evidence that many salient structures in vernacular Irish English set it apart from standard British or American English.

While Ireland and Britain may seem similar, these two countries could not be more unique. Although many Irish people speak English, Ireland's English variant is very different from the UK language. It differs in various ways, such as vocabulary, grammar and parts of speech. For example, an Irish person calls the police "Gardai", bacon is known as "rashers", and an airing cupboard is a hot press. Since there is no translation for "yes" or "no" in Gaeilge, an Irish person would answer a question with the same verb in the question - for example, an answer to "did you see the game?" is "I did".

A unique form of the second-person plural pronoun was lost centuries ago in the standard form of English. The first is ye, the older English second-person plural pronoun retained in Ireland. This is heard across the country and at various levels of society. The other forms carry a degree of social stigma, especially when they are the only forms some speakers use. These include youse, which arose from speakers who put the plural -s on you when learning English. Also in existence is the combined record of ye and s - for example, the word yees (whose spelling is not regulated and varies). In Ulster Scots, the form yins (from you ones) occurs.

Non-standard use of -s in the third person plural, as in "The boys always gets up to trouble, or There are lots of cars outside) is standard, as is the use of them as a demonstrative pronoun - for example, them cakes are delicious. The word ain't is a widespread contracted form of am not - for example, ain't I clever?

When it comes to verbs, Irish English has many atypical constructions. The adverb after is used to report recent action; He's after stealing my car. The syntax (word order) is object + past participle used to indicate that an effort has been planned and carried out - she has finished researching for her exam (not 'She had someone research for her'). In local varieties, there is a common aspect used to specify that something is done continually; it is expressed in southern Irish English via do and V-ing: She be worrying about her grandchildren (in the north, the equivalent sentence would be she be worrying about the grandchildren). The interactive habitual is expressed via verbal -s; They call this place City Square. A subordinate clause can be introduced by and with a concessive or restrictive meaning; We went out running, and it is raining. The past forms of see and do are seen and done in virtually all colloquial forms of Irish English. For example, he saw his friend in town and did the word today.

To emphasise an element in a sentence, it can be brought to the front with the dummy verb. It's then beginning the sentence - for example, it's to Mallow he's gone today, or it's her son who rung up this evening. The sources of these structures have been the subject of many academic debates; some may come from the Irish language, while some are from the input varieties of English taken to Ireland in the past centuries.