Serum Soldiers

## Notable Users

* **Johann Schmidt** was the first user of the serum, a prototype version that had yet to be perfected. According to Abraham Erskine, neither he nor the serum was ready, and while Schmidt gained enhanced abilities, the skin of his face had burned off.
* **Steve Rogers** was the first and only recipient of Erskine's perfected serum, granting him superhuman abilities, curing all his medical ailments, and significantly increasing his height and physicality. It also increased his lifespan, allowing him to survive to be over one hundred years old.
* **Bucky Barnes** was a second successful attempt at a super soldier, injected with serum similar to Rogers' while he was a prisoner of HYDRA in 1943. The serum enabled him to survive the fall from the HYDRA train in 1945, but was not potent enough to prevent the loss of his left arm.
* **Isaiah Bradley** was a third successful attempt at a super soldier, injected with a recreated serum in the 1950s and deployed by the United States Armed Forces during the Korean War.
* **Alexei Shostakov** was a fourth successful attempt at a super soldier, and the Soviet Union's first and only super soldier. He was deployed by the Soviet Armed Forces during the Cold War.
* **Josef and four other Winter Soldiers** were converted into super soldiers in 1991 using a serum developed by Howard Stark. Despite being created to share the role and title of the Winter Soldier and being shown to be strong enough to relatively quickly overpower the original, despite his metal arm, they were not as versatile or useful as Barnes, who was the first and true Winter Soldier. This was due to this serum's mental side effects, including increased aggression. Because of this, HYDRA continued to use only Barnes as their assassin while cryogenically freezing the rest.
* **Bruce Banner** attempted to recreate Erskine's original serum but replaced the original formula's Vita Radiation with Gamma Radiation before administering it on himself. The different radiation prompted him to turn him into an aggressive muscular, giant humanoid version of himself with green skin. Banner reverted to his original state but would transform again in the future whenever his heart rate passed 200 beats per minute or he became extremely angry and lost emotional control. This is due to the gamma in his body being stored in his cells and being reactivated due to emotional or physical stress. Banner had a limited ability to control his transformations by remaining angry at all times without releasing his anger to keep him from transforming. When he is transformed in this controlled manner, Hulk is not mindless, as he would be if Banner did not willingly transform. However, over time, Hulk gained more and more of its own mind, to the point where he could take control of the transformation process and keep himself from reverting back into Banner, as well as keeping Banner from transforming into him. Later, Banner spent 18 months in the gamma lab in order to permanently transform himself into the Hulk and maintain complete control over his transformed state.
* **Emil Blonsky** had a variant of the serum injected into his spine's bone marrow and deep muscle systems, which enhanced him physically to superhuman levels. His regenerative abilities, compared to the other super-soldiers, were more advanced, to the point where he could completely regenerate from all his bones being broken or shattered all within a matter of hours. However, this serum had delayed side effects, which soon manifested as physical deformations, such as a protruding skeletal structure, as well as mental side effects, including increased aggression. After Blonsky was injected with Banner's gamma-irradiated blood, the serum kicked into overdrive, transforming Blonsky into a Hulk-sized version of himself with an external bone structure. Unlike Banner, however, Blonsky retained full control over his transformed state.
* **Karli Morgenthau**, **Dovich**, **Gigi**, **DeeDee**, **Lennox**, **Diego**, **Nico** and **Matias** are members of the Flag Smashers who injected themselves with Wilfred Nagel's recreated version of the serum.
* **John Walker** injected himself with the last remaining vial of Nagel's serum shortly after being given the mantle of Captain America. As the serum enhances one's inner traits, it exacerbated Walker's mental instability, causing him to become significantly more violent and cruel.

### Alternate Universes

* **Peggy Carter** was injected with Abraham Erskine's perfected version of the serum, granting her superhuman abilities.