Rossweisse

**Rossweisse** is a high-ranking Valkyrie and part of Odin's personal Valkyrior Guards. She was formerly a Valkyrie and served under Odin, the Chief God of the Norse Pantheon, but she was abandoned by him after the battle against Loki.

She is the granddaughter of Göndul is a powerful and famous Valkyrie and magician in the Norse Pantheon, She is a younger sister of Eynhildre, the rogue valkyrie and the cousin of Eric, the Leader of Draconian.

She is also the daughter of the notorious Valkyrie Edelweiss, who once wielded the Divine Dividing and became one of the few Godslayers of the modern age.

She is currently acting as the Civics Teacher at Kuoh Academy and Class 3-B's Homeroom Teacher. She subsequently becomes reincarnated as a Devil under Rias Gremory, becoming her second Rook.

Following Issei's promotion to a High-class Devil, she has become his Rook. She but now serves as Hyoudou Issei's first Rook and is one of his harem.

## Appearance

Rossweisse is a beautiful young woman with a voluptuous figure and large breasts, long straight silver hair and aqua-colored eyes who appears to be in her late teens. Her body measurements are [B96-W61-H89 cm] [B38-W24-H35 in]; height is 173 cm (5 feet 8 inches) and body weight is [59 kg].

Her battle attire is normally of a set of Valkyrie armor, which consists of a white breastplate with gold and pale blue accents and matching, fingerless gauntlets, boots, hip guards, and wing-shaped hair clips.

She also wears a black leotard underneath her breastplate, black thigh-high stockings, and a pale blue cloth wrapped underneath her hip guards, all of which are clad with pink lacing along with her hair clips.

For her teaching position at Kuoh Academy, she wears a simple business suit and skirt. When she is not at work, she is noted for often wearing cheap, plain jerseys. It was pointed out by Euclid that Rossweisse has a strong resemblance to his sister, Grayfia, as both of them have silver hair.

Whenever in battle, she is usually dressed in a white combat dress akin to a bikini with a breastplate, a garter belt on her waist with features on its side, a crown-like bonnet, which has white feathers on both sides, armored shoulder pads that have a short white cape, and a silver necklace around her neck that is sort of shaped like a ribbon in the middle.

In the Azazel Cup, Rossweisse dons a white cloak that covers her face. Underneath, she wears a black high-neck décolletage blouse with studded wristbands on the arms, a black and white overbust corset, a skirt with white tulle underneath, gray leggings, and knee-high boots with red soles.

## Personality

Rossweisse is known to be a very serious person, acting professional prioritizing work and study above all else since her youth, this however, caused her to miss out on romance, thus is extremely bitter and sensitive about not having a boyfriend and is quick to anger or sadness when made fun of.

She has taken a liking to her role as a teacher in education for her students, making sure they understand her lessons and helping them whenever they're in a bind and is appreciated for it. Rossweisse has little tolerance for those who behave unprofessionally, especially for lewd acts at inappropriate times.

When she lectures them on standards, they usually retort with her simply being jealous. This may have some truth to it as on numerous occasions she has expressed interests in doing perverted things with her future boyfriend, she also desires her lover to be financially stable with a bright future.

Despite her seriousness, she is stated to be clumsy and has a tendency to make rash decisions without informing anyone. She is highly susceptible to alcohol as one drink from it can leave her drunk and vomit for extended periods of time.

Rossweisse has a lot of repressed baggage from upholding her uptight and modest demeanor which goes out the window when drunk and begins opening her true thoughts and frustrations.

She also has a compulsion to buy things at sales when they're cheap, showing enthusiastic excitement whenever she goes to 100-Yen shops, causing Issei to dub her "The 100-Yen Shop Valkyrie". Rossweisse also has a tendency to speak using her country's accent when she is flustered.

Like the other girls, Rossweisse acts like someone her age whenever she is on a date with Issei as she ended up acting shy when she was called cute. She soon develops romantic feelings for Issei in Auros Academy when he proclaimed to her that he will protect her from Euclid, which he did.

After falling in love with Issei and becoming engaged to him, Rossweisse has started to partake in perverted activities she normally frowns upon, such as wanting him to apply suntan oil on her, sleeping with him while wearing revealing lingerie and fighting with the other girls over him.

She has a strong sense of morality, which also directly stems from his upbringing. She believes her worth in life depends on her Longinus to protect others and has an aversion to the abuse of one's power and to preventable deaths. She values life and tries to help even her enemies at times. This is seen through her interactions with Athena, Eynhildre, and Akashi Kyoya and during her battles with Eric.

However, on the flip side, Rossweisse has a black/white binary view of morality and of good/evil of the world in which he tries to help those she can relate to who have suffered like her, but ignores and rejects the personal struggles or suffering of those she deems "evil", even when his opponents can teach her greater lessons about combat, life, or different world views.

This is most evident through her view of Eynhildre whom she refuses to understand and whom she has hypocritically dehumanized as a monster who can only cause destruction and kill, despite Eynhildre's many attempts to understand Rossweisse as a person.

This quality of Rossweisse has greatly hurt her partnership with Eynhildre in battle as she had no trust in her due to her rigid views of her in her mind. Although still struggling with her self-esteem and the words of her late Cousin, Rossweisse gradually improves her confidence and sense of self after joining the Hyoudou Issei's Peerage.

She continues to be strengthened by several missions and the clashes between the Khaos Brigade, Hero Faction, Alliance of Hell, and Qlippoth Faction (among others). Her will hardens in these tough situations, and she becomes steadfast, reliable, and intensely caring. However, she still experiences paralyzing fear of fighting alone and often needs a companion to aid her in battle or at times save her in order to feel powerful.

## History

Rossweisse was raised in the countryside by her grandmother, Göndul, as both her parents are warriors who serve the Norse Gods and rarely come home. Rossweisse was born into a house that specializes in three types of spiritual magic known as the rune, gandol, and seiz styles that have been down through her family generations.

While still a child, Rossweisse went through several ceremonies that were meant for her to inherit her family's magical crest, but she wasn't able to inherit it, and her cousin ended up receiving the position as the family head instead. She previously had difficulty living up to her families expectations due to Rossweisse's incompatibility with the magic seiz-style.

As a consequence of trying to make up for her perceived shortcomings in magic, Rossweisse's school life was completely academic, to the point that she did not have a social life and looked down on her classmates that rarely spent any time studying, which contributed to Rossweisse's rapid grade skipping through high-school and college and her degrading nickname, "The Valkyrie that's never had a boyfriend."

Her talent in other fields grew exponentially enough to surprise her parents, however, it was still not enough to live up to everyone's high standards, yet after all this time, her clan was still very understanding as they did not blame or criticize her for her shortcomings.

While in college, Rossweisse wrote an essay about Trihexa but never published it. Regardless, she is considered to be a sought-after expert on the creature by Qlippoth. While working as a Valkyrie, she had trouble finding souls of heroes to bring to Valhalla. At some point before the series, she was appointed as Odin's bodyguard.

During her time with Odin, Rossweisse was basically used as a maid by Odin, taking care of him during his trips, supporting Odin with his daily life, despite her small salary, and was even mistreated by her fellow Valkyries who called her Odin's "Servant Girl".

At some point during her time serving Odin, the Einjerhar Sigurd, and the Arch-Valkyrie, Brynhildr took pity on her and took her under their wing. Brynhildr was the one who taught Rossweisse most of the magic she knows today.

## Powers & Abilities

Rossweisse is a very powerful devil with her power level in the canon series as being High Class. She is an exceptional mage using high-level spells that only expert mages are capable of using with relative ease. Azazel, Le Fay, and Euclid have all commented that she is a magical genius nearly on the same level as that of her grandmother.

### Natural Abilities

**Advanced Valkyrie Physiology**: Like other Valkyries, Rossweisse possess abilities relating to her duty as a chooser of the fate of slain warriors. She can sense when a warrior is about to die, arrange that this warrior will die, defer the death so the warrior can survive to grow in skill, and have the power to take the chosen warrior's soul with her. They are able to move around unseen and some can take forms of birds or animals or fly with wings.

**Enhanced Divine Power**: As a Valkyrie, Rossweisse is considered a Half-God, and as such, she possesses a high amount of divine power within her body. She is considered to be more "Divine" due to her divine blood being more potent than the average Valkyrie. However, her grandmother aren't the same, as they possess the average amount of Divinity that any Valkyrie should. Though Rossweisse is unsure as to why, she does not question it, and simply dismisses it.

**Immense Demonic Power:** As a Devil, Rossweisse has the power common to a Devil. Like the power to cast spells and special phenomena, she can also use her demonic powers to enhance her magic skills.

* **Enhanced Strength and Endurance:** As a Rook, Rossweisse possesses enhanced physical strength and endurance. Her strength is at the level that she could be mistaken for a High-class Rook, or even stronger than one. Her great strength causes others to believe that she was reincarnated with the Rook Evil Piece - even though it was the Pawn.

**Immense Durability**: As a Rook, Rossweisse possesses an elevated level of durability beyond that of most of her comrades. She is able to tank damage and cast spells making her a magical tank in terms of combat. She was able to barely survive Brynhildr's strongest attack before she teleported it away. Though not quite at the level of a High-class Rook, her body is still incredibly tough, to the point one might wonder if she was actually a Rook.

**Enhanced Speed**: As a Valkyrie, Rossweisse already possessed great speed - however, after becoming a reincarnated Devil, her speed had substantially improved. Though not quite at the level of a High-class Knight, she is still immensely fast that it would be mistaken that she was reincarnated with the Knight Evil Piece - even though it was the Pawn.

**Master Magician**: Rossweisse is highly proficient in the use of Norse magic, specializing in long-range and bombarding attacks. She is even capable of using summoning and teleportation spells. According to Le Fay, the Norse magic circles Rossweisse use is of a very rare type, incorporating very high-level magic symbols in her magic formula. Le Fay described Rossweisse's self-invented magic technique as extremely intricate and well made and is of such difficulty that only skilled magic experts can use it. Given the fact that Rossweisse can use such difficult magic techniques so easily is a testament to her great magic skill., it is stated by Azazel that her power is equal to that of a Ultimate-class Devil. Rossweisse magic talent is so formidable that she could theorize the creation of a sealing spell powerful enough to seal Trihexa, and even Euclid stated that Rossweisse magic abilities are exceptional and is in no way inferior to her grandmother Göndul, a famous master of magic. Rossweisse was able to fight on par with Brynhildr, who is the Strongest Valkyrie in Asgard. In Satanael Arc, due to the power of her magic being enhanced by her Mistilteinn wand, she was capable of initially overwhelming Baraqiel, who is a powerful Fallen Angel who can use Holy Lightning.

* **Elemental Magic**: Rossweisse is capable of casting fire, water, air, earth, lightning, light, and explosive based magic through the use of Runes.
	+ **Primordial Rune**: Flames of Surtr: Rossweisse summons a sphere made of fire to trap her opponents.
	+ **Primal Rune: Wind**: Rossweisse can summon a massive gale that can tear through a house.
	+ **Primordial Rune: Eternal Prison of Niflheim**: Rossweisse forms a massive crystalline prison of ice. It was powerful enough to restrain Durga for a second.
* **Defensive Magic**: Upon returning from her training in Valhalla, Rossweisse starts to use defensive spells (using the trait of Rook), which are strong enough to easily shield against Balance Breakers that specialize in destructive power. She also learned defense magic to negate the adverse effect of touching holy objects such as Holy Swords and the Holy Bible for a short period of time. As seen when she used two of Xenovia's Excalibur fragments (Transparency and Mimic) by putting multiple layers of defense magic on her hand during the Rias and Sairaorg Rating Game match and reading a Bible without suffering a severe headache.
* **Sealing Magic:** Rossweisse can also use sealing magic, which she learned by researching the information about Trihexa. Used in conjecture with barrier magic, she can seal the movements of mass-produced Evil Dragons by studying Asia's Evil Dragons. After modifying her technique, her sealing barrier technique was used by Three Powers to seal the Emperor Beast of Apocalypse. She could also use it in combat to seal her foes. Her barrier was even effective against Armaros, the Grigori anti-magic specialist although she needed time to prepare a stronger barrier as his anti-magic abilities could destroy a half-baked barrier. Rossweisse, by enhancing her power with Mistilteinn, could use her Barrier magic to seal off entire areas to prevent her foes from escaping.
* **Summoning Magic:** While she does not excel at it, Rossweisse possesses knowledge in summoning magic as she was capable of teaching Asia the basics of summoning magic.
* **Strengthening Magic:** Rossweisse can use physical enhancement magic to enhanced her own physical abilities such as increasing her speed. She could enhance the physical abilities of the entire Hyoudou Issei's Peerage and Rias Gremory's Peerage.
* **Hypnosis Magic:** Rossweisse can use hypnotism magic on Ingvild Leviathan to lose consciousness.
* **Rune Magic**: Rossweisse can utilize glyphs and runes to cast magic. It should be noted that the only other beings that are capable of this are Odin, the King of Norse Pantheon and Frigga, the Queen of Norse Pantheon.
	+ **Runic Array: Lifbrasir**: An array of runes that can summon blasts of green energy.
	+ **Primordial Rune**: An enhancement rune used by Rossweisse to drastically increase her speed to beyond that of a Knight.
* **Requip Magic**: Rossweisse can alter her outfit using requip magic.
* **Security System Magic**: Rossweisse has some level of skill with Security System Magic, as she tried to use it to undo the technique placed on Issei.
* **Space-Time Magic**: Rossweisse can use both summoning and spacetime magic. She can use a combination of the two in order to summon massive meteors from the Asteroid Belt and Oort Cloud to bombard an area of her choosing.
	+ **Shattered Heaven**: Rossweisse creates a massive spacetime seal that summons a set of massive building-sized meteors to crash down on her targets. This spell was powerful enough to defeat Brynhildr.
	+ **Comet Storm**: Rossweisse creates a series of magic circles that summons comets from the Oort Cloud creating a veritable hail of celestial rocks to rain down on her opponents.
	+ **Continuum Seal: Gate**: Rossweisse combines sealing magic with spacetime magic to create a rift that sucks in her opponent and teleports them elsewhere.
* **Enochian Magic**: Rossweisse is capable of using Enochian Magic after learning it from Hephaestus. She is currently capable of using only a few spells.
	+ **SHEKHINAH**: Rossweisse gathers a massive amount of energy and unleash it as a deadly pulse of light.

* **Clairvoyance**: Rossweisse's greatest spell. It allows her to take a peep into the future of only up to three seconds, however, she can do so near instantaneously and from any perspective that she desires. Thanks to her demonic power, she can now see up to five seconds into the future However, a downside to this, is that if she uses it too much, she can easily become dizzy and nauseous, to the point that she would clutch her stomach and try to swallow back vomit. She has been witnessed throwing up one multiple occasions after using it three times consecutively.
* **Magic Shield**: Rossweisse can put together a powerful shield made out of her magic by using equations and formulas at a high speed. Thanks to her demonic power, the shield can be made even more durable and at a faster pace than when she was a Valkyrie.

* **Cloth Manipulation**: Rossweisse is capable of using magic to altering her attire, changing from her formal suit into her Valkyrie armor.
* **Anti-Magic**: Rossweisse uses this unique energy to nullify magic. Despite not having the ability to use magic, Rossweisses control over her Anti Magic energy, as well as the very uniqueness of this power itself has earned her the rank of an Special Class-Devil.

**Expert Swordswoman**: Rossweisse initially only knew the basic levels of Swordswoman, of which she seemed to have only mastered the rudimentary skills. By her own admission, she has less talent in swordsmanship than Magic. However, after much training by her former mentor, Brynhildr, her skill drastically improved. She can hold her own in a battle, most notably defending herself from attacks from the Olympian Gods, who possessed the expert swordsmanship skill of Brynhildr. Rossweisse has also demonstrated enough skill in swordsmanship to cut down multiple of Athena's attacking **Magic**.

**Expert Hand-To-Hand Combatant**: Even without the aid of her Magic, Rossweisse is quite a skilled fighter. During her battle against Eric, she was able to skillfully dodge and counter his attacks. Rossweisse proved to be quite aggressive as well as highly proficient in hand-to-hand combat. She demonstrates her skill and agility in this area by launching a devastating attack against Enyo, Greek Goddess of War.

**Expert Technician:** Rossweisse trains relentlessly in all areas that she can when she has the time - be it physically or magically. She is a well-rounded fighter, though it is obvious that she is best suited for close-quarter-combat with her sword. However, even with her talent focusing towards the blade, she does not give up training in other areas - such as how to combat becoming nauseous so that she can improve the time that she can see into the future with her Clairvoyance.

**Genius-Level Intellect**: Rossweisse is very proficient and knowledgeable in the use of magic, developing difficult, complicated and intricate magic, as well as including magic symbols of the highest level in her technique which include defenses against every type of known phenomena with ease. She is also capable of minimizing the amount of magic a specific technique consumes without a reduction in the effectiveness of said technique, which is noted to be exceptional among magicians.

**Enhanced Senses**: As a Devil, her senses are definitely of a different level than what they were previously when she was a Valkyrie.

* **Nightvision**: As a Devil, she can naturally see in the dark as long as there is a small source of light nearby.

**Flight:** As a Valkyrie, she possessed the ability to levitate using magic, however, as a Devil, she can simply fly with her bat-like wings, though her skill in it is quite low. As such, she rather flies without her wings, even though she likes how they feel flapping in the wind.

## Equipment

**Mistilteinn Wand**: A powerful magical weapon originating from Asgard, which is normally only used by God-class beings. An old-looking wand made out of mistilteinn (mistletoe), possessing powerful magic. Mistilteinn can strengthen Rossweisse's magic and spells, such as her defensive magic to guard against Brynhildr's magically-imbued sword and strengthen her offensive magic bombardment enough to retire Brynhildr with a single blast. The wand is capable of enhancing Rossweisse's magic spells to the point where she is able to cast a spell capable of summoning meteors and comets from space. Misteleinn was recently reforged as an Enochian Weapon.

**Angurvadal**: often shortened to just **Angul**, is a True Holy Sword that belonged to the Norse Faction. Known in the supernatural community as the **SIlver White-studded Sword** and the **Magic-Slaying Holy Sword**, It possesses immense destructive power, as well as the power to not only nullify, but also completely destroyed magic .After six days of training in the Asgard, Rossweisse has gained the ability to remotely control the Anti Magic within the sword, allowing her to summon the sword back to herself by holding her hand open and calling its name, as well as ride it through the air. The blade can negate and nullify the powers of divine and eldritch beings such as Primordial Entities and Outer Gods, preventing them from using their powers, effectively making them powerless. It can kill a deity/deities or any divine embodiment they may choose to get rid of. They are resistant to the effects of a deity and are capable of killing the specified deity.

## Quotes

* "*Hey, Ise-kun. If I ever get used by them……will you please kill me*?" Rossweisse to Hyoudou Issei.
* "……*If I was to be used by them to hurt my comrades and cause trouble to this world, I would rather choose death. I won’t be able to endure everyone dying for someone like me*…… " Rossweisse to Hyoudou Issei.
* "......*Y-Y……You looked heroic. A-A-Also……I was happy back then. For coming after me*……" Rossweisse to Hyoudou Issei.
* "……*N-Next time……let’s go to a……two-hundred yen shop. No, will you please go with me*?" Rossweisse to Hyoudou Issei.
* "*I! Will become Hyoudou Issei-kun’s! Wife! It’s the pwomising Oppai Dragon, you know? It means I will be married to a rich man with power! And on top all that, he is also kind to me*!" Rossweisse while drunk to Vidar.
* "*Even though that might be the case, Ise-kun is…someone who will do anything for my sake! He might be younger, but he is a master who is dependable! For my sake…He risked his own life to save me, after all! He immediately came to my rescue when that sister-loving bastard Euclid kidnapped me! I was so happy! Uwaaaaaaaaaaaa*!" Rossweisse while drunk to Vidar.
* "*I don’t want to…marry Vidar-sama. I…want to be by your side...Will you snatch me away from Vidar-sama*?" Rossweisse to Vidar.
* "*I WILL GIVE BIRTH TO YOUR CHILD! PLEASE LET ME GIVE BIRTH TO MANY OF ISE-KUN’S CHILDREN*!" Rossweisse to Hyoudou Issei.
* "*When it comes to offense, defense and support, I fall behind you in the degree of perfection in all aspects of magic. However, I won’t lose when it comes to barrier magic! Because this is the power that I gained after meeting my comrades*!" Rossweisse to Brynhildr defeating.
* "*Ise-kun! N-Next time, let’s watch the real world tree Yggdrasil*…" Rossweisse to Hyoudou Issei.
* "*Ise-kun iwf my husband! I won’t hand him over to anyone*!" Drunk Rossweisse during the party.

## Gallery

RossweisseValkyrie FormValkyrie Goddess FormFull BodyRossweisse's ExpressionsRossweisse in business suitRossweisse standing next to OdinRoseweisse accompanying Odin as BodyguardRoseweisse Crying after Being teased by OdinRossweisse in her battle suitRossweisse prepares to attack LokiRossweisse in Valkyrie FormRossweisse TutoringRossweisse helping Xenovia Quarta & Asia Argento with their homeworkRossweisse Depressed as Xenovia Quarta and Shidou Irina Overlook HerRossweisse Late Discussion with IsseiRossweisse ReflectingRosswiese abandonedRossweisse Holding her Rook Evil PieceRossweisse becomes a DevilRossweisse Revealing her Wings as a Newly Reincarnated DevilRossweisse being introduced as another Resident of the Hyoudou ResidenceRossweisse VacuumingRossweisse Introduced as a New Teacher of Kuoh AcademyRossweisse watching IsseiRossweisse attempting to close the windowRossweisse accidentally slips on IsseiRossweisse shirt destRossweisse and Rias GremoryRossweisse and Himejima AkenoRossweisse, Xenovia Quarta and Shidou Irina at the BeachRossweisse and AzazelRossweisse and Azazel in fornt of the studentsLass Boss RossweisseRossweisse Blocking the PathRossweisse embarassed over hearing she's singleRossweisse hearig she has no BoyfriendRossweisse Covering Her Naked BodyRossweisse embarrassed after her clothes is destroyedRossweisse Lecturing IsseiRossweisse in Black PajamasRossweisse surprisedDrunk Rossweisse creating Numerous Magic CirclesRossweisse and Koneko After TrainingRossweisse Getting A MakeoverRossweisse forming magic circles against Sairaorg BaelRossweisse and Himejima AkenoRose and RiaRoseweisse as a SantaRossweisse and Rias GremoryRossweisse and OphisRoseweisse as a SucuubusRossweisse and Asia Argento as Nurses!!Rossweisse and Eucild LucifugeTwin Teacher Rossweisse and GabrielRossweisse and Hyoudou IsseiRossweisse with swimsuit at the beachRossweisse Wedding Bride Dress

## Trivia

* Rossweisse's birthday is on August 8th.
* Rossweisse is the name of one of the Valkyries featured in Richard Wagner's opera *Der Ring des Nibelungen* (*The Ring of the Nibelung*).
	+ Rossweisse from German, (Roßweiße) means "white rose".
* Rossweisse is the only child of her parents.
* Rossweisse, being a Valkyrie, is said to be a "Half-God".
* Despite being in her late teens, she has already finished high school and most of college in Valhalla.
	+ Rossweisse was offered a position as a teacher in Sona Sitri's Auros Academy, in order to teach magic to the Devil children attending there.
* In the future, Rossweisse has stated that she wants to establish a Norse magic school in the Gremory territory, and start a business training new Valkyries out of female Devils.
* Rossweisse's dream is to build a discount store in her homeland which has every good imaginable.
* She held the record for the longest duration of being Odin's escort.
* In Rating Game fighting-types, Rossweisse is considered a Wizard-type.
* Issei called her "moving cannon" due to the fact that she is a wizard-type Rook.
* Rossweisse is shown to be unable to inherit the magic of her family, which forced her cousin to inherit it.
	+ However, Rossweisse has shown to have an inherent talent at learning offensive magic.
* Rossweisse's job requests as a Devil are mostly related to housewives, to whom she gives financial advice and acts as their consultant. She also teaches them methods to ease their worries and win in bargain sales.
* Rossweisse reviews and presents 100 yen merchandise on DeviTube. Her videos are a huge hit with the underworld citizens.
* Rossweisse is the third female character to be placed into an engagement, the first being Rias Gremory, and second, being Abe Kiyome. Among these girls, she is the only one who didn't fall in love with Issei after he saved her as she already loved him before the engagement.
* Rossweisse has a driving license.
* One of Rossweisse's romantic dreams was to go on a driving date with a guy, which she finally fulfilled with Issei.
* In the dub, Rosswiesse is pronounced "Rossvisa" by Issei, Asia, and Azazel.
* Rossweisse cannot handle alcohol.
* Rossweisse has been noted to bear an eerie resemblance to Grayfia Lucifuge due to their hair colors.
* In the "DxD" popularity election, she ranked seventh in the all-character category and seventh in the heroine category.