Nandegakkovian language

The Nandegakkovian language, a relative of the Igarin language, is the language of Nandegakko and its people. It was derived from an archaic form of Igarin with many Resparin words.

## Alphabetical order

b, a, g, o, f, č, i, m, e, ž, <ļ>, l, -i, <ɨ>, p, r, u, s, k, z, ö, j, w, d, t, n, <š>, <h>

## Dialects

There are around 879 dialects on the planet Nandegakko, arranged into five great categories. Standard Nandegakkovian, or Northern Nandegakkovian, is the official standard of the Nandegakkovian language. Southern Nandegakkovian has these phonemes: /ŋ/ (ñ), /d͡ʒ/ (dž), and /s̺~ɕ/ (ś). /ɭ~lʷ/ (ļ) and /ɨ~ɯ/ (ɨ) only exist in religious texts, while the earlier two extra phonemes were derived from reintroduced, archaic words from Resparin languages.

The southern Nandegakkovians also created their version of the Nandegakkovian language, which was heavily derived from other Resparin languages. It was originally used for an alternate history franchise, but it became popular among the locals who used it to study their ancestors' language.

Chakravela uses two out of 379 dialects, and the Exiles have around 567 dialects. Forty-nine of these Exilic dialects have become descendant languages of Old Nandegakkovian, and many of them were influenced by archaic Resparin or Novantir. The standard dialect of the Exiles has three additional phonemes: /ŋ/ (ñ), /æ/ (ä), and /ɨ/ (ɨ).

## Pronouns

male-female-drone-carer - it - neuter

* I: fión - fián - fién - fôín - fói - fuai

* me, my: -fió - -fiá - -fié - -fôjo - -fói - -fójal

* we: fjôs/fjõsjös - fjâs - fjoje - fóje(s) - foljes

* us, our: -fjôn - -fjân - -fjôjön/fjõsjös - -fójes - -foljen

* thou: lõn - lãn - lẽn - lóen - žói - luoi

* thee, thy: -ljo - -lja - -lje - -lõje - -žóje - -luoi

* thou (humble): ža\* - žei\* - žön\* - zője\*

* thee, thy (humble): -ža\* - -žei\* - -žön\* - -zőjen\*

* you: lájos - lájas\* - ljójes\* - ljőwez\* - luojes

* ye, your: ljójen - ljájen\* - ljõnön\* - -ljójen\* - -luojen

* he: dô - deã - deín - dáen - töi - néu

* him, his: -nuó - -nuá - -nué - -nuói - -nöi - -néujen

* they: čójos - čájas\* - čójes\* - čőzes\*

* them, their: -čójes - -čájen\* - čónjön\* - -čőjen\*

-jes - (plural)

-îž - (genitive)

-giz - -self

Giz ... - one's own

### Notes

(\* - now considered obsolete as in 50 BK, so no one uses them in daily life)

(fjõsjös is used as a collective "we", referring to the people or nation of Nandegakko)

(drones and carers were referred to with the same plural pronouns)

## Verbal tenses

Infinitive-Continuous-Perfect-Irrealis = do - doing - have done - want to do

* Past: X-ssâi - X-ssâlei - mê-X-ssãe - njêN-X-ssâe
* Present: X-(e)âi - X-(e)âlei - mê-X-(e)ãe - njêN-X-lâe

* Future: X-zâi - X-zâlei - mê-X-zãe - njêN-X-zâe

be- ... - (passive verb)

## Affixes

### Location

* mje - from
* ke - to
* kus - towards
* -ger - towards
* kjon - in
* keró - around
* mad- - mid-, middle
* ásta - up
* eč - here (closer)
* za - here (far)
* tãče - there
* ketãče - there (far off)
* -ža, -kíža - on
* -nu, -kínu - under
* -ki, ... ki - at, this direction
* tãče - there
* sølpen - near
* lõjen - far
* swe - behind
* ástai, as, áč(a)- - north
* lãrai, lâr, lãru, lã(r)- - east
* dõrai, dô, dõ(r)- - south
* nũrai, nû, nû(m)- - west

### Amount

* léira - less
* suéžki - few
* dezéžki - so few
* éssa - many
* derássa - so many
* déra - a lot, very, much
* derã(i), derãje - to become more than, to be strong
* -dera - -er, more
* -derate - -est, most
* -derače, -derača - most -est, most more (4th, highest degree)
* álja - all
* eté - every
* ček, čéka - each, portion
* méga(n/nna), mága(n/nna) - great
* máganna - great
* wi- - little
* dáre - again
* ólto - only
* -jok - entire
* ruás - some
* olžán - other
* uóka - both

### Time

* prána, pran- - pre-, first, start
* prílča - last, final
* jo - now
* jodáken - today
* ečjéwaiz - every day (pronounced as [iˈɟjewaɪ̯z])
* kedãro - throughout

### Question

* nûn, nũnče, su, sûná, sûák - what
* ken, kénče, sumá - who
* kíta, kítače, sréi(s), suberí, surí - when
* sâ, sãče, susãka, sãku, suékari, seár - where
* awái, awáiče, subár - why
* gondó, gondóče - how

### Miscellaneous

* ... dáken - this

* ... báken - that
* -on - by (someone)
* sóimiž - like, resembling
* séla - like, resembling (in a list)

* -če - (doer)
* -čo - (greater doer)
* -es - (demonym)
* -ari - place of
* -oklo, nâu ... , -ra - collective
* kwön- - quite
* lak - like, similar to
* X ni Y - X the Y, Y of X
* X ro Y - X the Y
* -iža - -ness, state of being

## Numbers

0; 1-10 - lun; géla/kól(a), wéri, ánčo/ándo, fílo, žâjo, kẽwo, sâwé, lâdwé, jöraé, čôré

Resparin, 0; 1-10 - uísa, kan, nar, lör/lurí, jánok(ka), kái, méi, joéja, toléka, náeda, čõn(da)

(Resparin numbers are used in classical or poetic texts)

100 - račőt, račánda (poetic)

1,000 - dráu, dráunar (poetic)

10,000 - nőndar, nóntara (poetic)

100,000 - dőrwata

million - nárwačo, narwátara (poetic)

## Basics

* ... séla - to have
* londéâi - to do
* nir, -me - to be, is, are
* sakjés - greetings
* aõl léira, aoléira - go in peace, goodbye
* taékillez - thank you
* réfa - yes
* gáreu - fine, very well
* refín - correct
* čø - no, not
* čai - no, not (stronger)
* wássok - wrong
* čon- - -less, without
* -jež - is, are
* te - and
* ája - or
* lói - but
* anó - though
* čø - no, not
* čai - no, not (stronger)
* fir - for
* mẽ(a) ... because (of)
* ... mê - for (a name, as in a motto)
* laé - with
* mírri, mírre - ready
* njê - if
* Ast-álja - above all, most importantly

### Replacements of religious oaths

When Nandegakko was founded, its first president encouraged the development of a secularised culture. While people were free to worship any god as they pleased, the culture of his republic was meant to be devoid of religious influences, except in pop culture. As part of his plan, he formed several minced oaths to be used by his people instead of invoking the gods.

* Fir Kálkatroda!, Fir Dárdanötar - By the Academy!
* Lwóskad - By the Octopus
* Úrsida - By the Turtle
* Dándödrei - By the Diamond Tree
* Ô mőkilwôda-fió!, Mőkil(da)! - O my weak body!
* Žãressâi Náunča(-fio)!, Žãrenaun! - By my burnt [weary] mind!
* Fir Nőndar Čáskajes!, Nőnčaskar! - By the Ten Thousand Archives!
* Náunča-fjo skáutra!, Náunčaskau! - My mind is broken/shattered!

## Samples

**Báken, uóka skándajes nalí-îž-ža.**

[ˈbakɛn ˈʔwokʌ ˈskandʌjɛs naˈl(iʔ)iːʒːʌ]

*That, both side-PLU river-GEN-on*

That is on both sides of the river.

**Nánda dánda dérače!**

[ˈnandʌ ˈdandʌ ˈderʌɟɛ]

*Wisdom diamond most!*

Knowledge is the greatest diamond!

**Kléppaiža Máigara!** / **Nándaiža Máigara-derača!**

[ˈklepːaɪ̯ʒə ˈmaɪ̯garʌ] / [ˈnandaɪ̯ʒə ˈmaɪ̯garʌdɛrʌɟʌ]

*Gather-ness strength! / Knowledge strength-most!*

INFORMATION IS POWER! / KNOWLEDGE IS THE GREATEST POWER!

### Kurita's Speech

#### Old Nandegakkovian:

Kedaraw mačōmeazo, grɨ̄waes tlatta girifjai uččir fɨr gosčjai naelɨža oj bešɨža tainaelɨža.

Lonssai möj reaižar oj ruekkassea, lōj mê rukkomjai grɨ̄waes fɨr ročulkojai zun, dajen biloččar fɨr meradera. Tje deranen čofees nrissai ošpūries muhgurjen, luak jušpahkar fležorren waekooɨža.

Subara, raesabbo Nandagaskōwaes krazačiljai laugös-baen: čō balčujai takne

#### Pronunciation:

[keˈdarəw maˈt͡ɕumɛazo ˈgrɨːwɔɛs ˈtɫatːə ˈgirɪfɛai̯ wuˈt͡ɕːir fɨr gusˈt͡ɕɛai̯ ˈnɔɛlɨʒə ɔj ˈbɛɕiʒə tʌi̯ˈnɔɛlɨʒə]

#### Grammar:

Throughout history, person-PLU try kill-PRES each-other for stop-PRES god-ness or atheism-ness.

Do-PAST for fear or rage, but if frighten-PRES person-PLU for reject-PRES belief, this backfire for many-many. And much kill-PRES descend-PRES obsession-PLU wasteful, like barbarian reckless taste-blood-ness.

Therefore, better Nandegakko-ian resist-PRES temptation-that; do not waste-PRES time

#### Modern Nandegakkovian:

Kedãro mačõmazo, grĩfajes lántassai čófeâi učír fir góččeâi práliža ája mésiža čompráliža.

Dáen lónsâi mê rájadja rúka, loi njê mê rúkomeâi grĩfajes fir račúlkoâi zon, dáen lap-číkrassa fir déra-déra. (x) Te déranen čófejes nírassâi uspũrjes mukgúrijen, lak júspakkrar flẽžarrjen wéikoroîž.

Dáen subár ráe-dera, Nándegakkôesjes krazáčileâi

#### Pronunciation:

[kɛˈdaːro mʌˈɟoːmʌzo ˈgriːfʌjɛs ˈlantʌsːʌi̯ ˈɟoːfɛaːi̯ uˈɟir fir ˈgoɟːɛaːi ˈpraliʒʌ ˈajʌ ˈmesiʒʌ ɟomˈpraliʒʌ]

[ˈdaɛn ˈlonsaːi̯ meː ˈrajʌdjʌ ˈrukʌ loi̯ ɲeː meː ˈrukomɛaːi ˈgriːfʌjɛs fir raˈɟulkoaːi̯ zon ˈdaɛn lʌpˈɟikrʌsːʌ fir ˈderʌ ˈderʌ

#### Grammar:

Throughout history, person-PLU try kill-PRES each-other for prevent-PRES faith-ness or exist-ness atheism-ness.

It do-PAST

#### Translation in English:

Throughout history, people tried to kill each other to stop certain religions or the existence of atheism.

It was mostly done out of rage or fear, but if it was meant to frighten people into rejecting the belief, it backfired for many times. And such excessive killings became wasteful obsessions, no better than a barbarian's frenzied taste for blood.

That is why it is better for Nandegakkovians to resist that temptation: waste no time in such quarrels, for they lead to wasted time and blood.

Together, use your minds and hands for other, better things. Not to tear a society down, but to build a new one, a refuge for those who reject cruelty and fear.

-- President Kurita Deratako, Year 2.

## Trivia

* Nandegakkovian's pronunciation was influenced somewhat by Italian, Hungarian, Sanskrit, and Quenya, and its usage of accent marks was based on Greek and Spanish diacritics.

### Pronunciation

* č - [ɟ], [c] in some words or in clusters
* e - [e]
	+ [i] before [ɟ] in some words and at the start of those words (such as ečjéwaiz, which means "every day")
* i - [i] usually stressed
	+ [ɪ] usually unstressed
	+ [j] for the former i in diphthongs, [ʔj] if said i begins a word (e.g. iá)
* j - [j]
* k - [k]
	+ [x] before any consonant other than g, m, l, r, s, z, j, w, and n
* o - [o]
	+ [ʊ] occasionally when unstressed
	+ [-oʊ̯] lengthened at the end of a word
* ö - [ø]
* p - [p], [f] before a consonant except b, l, r, s, z, j, and w
* u - [u]
	+ [-ʊ̯] as the latter u of a diphthong (e.g. áu)
	+ [w] as the former u of a diphthong
	+ [ʔw] if said u begins a word (e.g. uá)
* ž - [ʒ], [ʃ] before unvoiced consonants
* ö is ő when stressed, ö̂ when lengthened, and simply ø when stressed *and* lengthened. Both ö̂ and ø are pronounced as [øː], but [ø(w)o] at the end of a word or in a one-syllable word.

## See also

* Nandegakkovian glossary
* Nandegakkovian slang
* Kuelgon language
* Novantirna language