Family Pomphorhynchidae

## Source: Wikipedia

**Pomphorhynchidae** is a family of parasitic worms from the order Echinorhynchida.

## Species

**Pomphorhynchidae** has five genera which contain the following species:

***Longicollum*** Yamaguti, 1935

* ***Longicollum alemniscus*** (Harada, 1935)
* ***Longicollum cadenati*** Gupta & Naqvi, 1984
* ***Longicollum chabanaudi*** Dollfus & Golvan, 1963
* ***Longicollum dattai*** Saxena, Johri & Gupta, 2008
* ***Longicollum edmondsi*** Golvan, 1969
* ***Longicollum engraulisi*** Gupta & Fatma, 1985
* ***Longicollum indicum*** Gupta & Gupta, 1970
* ***Longicollum lutjani*** Jain & Gupta, 1980
* ***Longicollum noellae*** Golvan, 1969
* ***Longicollum pagrosomi*** Yamaguti, 1935

*L. pagrosomi* was found parasitizing the Atlantic horse mackerel (*Trachurus trachurus*) in the bay of Gemlik, Turkey. The body was between 5036 and 10164 µm long and 478 and 878) µm wide. The proboscis was cylindrical, wider anteriorly, between 2310 and 5313 µm long, and armed with 11 or 12 rows of hooks comprising 11 to 13 hooks in each. The anterior hooks were smaller than the posterior, measuring 34 (24 – 42) µm, 42 (40 – 44) µm, to 61 (54 – 70) µm long. The short proboscis sac consisted of two membranes. The lemnisci were level with the proboscis. One immature male sample had two spherical testes, 216 × 272 µm in diameter. The copulatory bursa was 80 by 140 µm. The cement glands were indistinct. The eggs measured between 70 and 210 µm long and 17 and 52 µm wide.

* ***Longicollum psettodesai*** Gupta & Gupta, 1980
* ***Longicollum quiloni*** Gupta & Naqvi, 1984
* ***Longicollum riouxi*** Golvan, 1969

* *Paralongicollum* Amin, Bauer & Sidorov, 1991
	+ *Paralongicollum nemacheili* Amin, Bauer & Sidorov, 1991
	+ *Paralongicollum sergenti* (Choquette & Gayot, 1952)
* *Pomphorhynchus* Monticelli, 1905
	+ *Pomphorhynchus bosniacus* Kistaroly and Cankovic, 1969
	+ *Pomphorhynchus bufonis* Fotedar, Duda and Raina, 1970
	+ *Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli* Linkins in Van Cleave, 1919
	+ *Pomphorhynchus bullocki* Gupta and Lata, 1968
	+ *Pomphorhynchus cylindrica* Wang and Gu, 1983
	+ *Pomphorhynchus dubious* Kaw, 1941
	+ *Pomphorhynchus francoisae* Golvan, 1969
	+ *Pomphorhynchus jammuensis* Fotedar and Dhar, 1977
	+ *Pomphorhynchus kashmirensis* Kaw, 1941
	+ *Pomphorhynchus kawi* Fotedar, Duda and Raina, 1970
	+ *Pomphorhynchus kostylewi* Petrochenko, 1956
	+ *Pomphorhynchus laevis* (Zoega in Müller, 1776)

***P. laevis*** is a parasitic acanthocephalan worm that can influence the reaction of its intermediate host, the freshwater amphipod *Gammarus pulex*, to the smell of potential predators like perch, *Perca fluviatilis*.

*P. laevis* facilitates its movement from its initial host. Research has demonstrated that organisms affected by the parasite exhibit a diminished or inverted avoidance response to the scent of predators when compared to uninfested specimens, supporting the notion that the parasite manipulates its host, with the goal of passing itself on to its definitive host, a freshwater fish. Affected specimens also demonstrate vibrant changes in color, making them more visible to predators.

This worm swells its proboscis to press microneedles into the intestinal wall, with a very strong adhesive force. This has inspired a structural skin graft adhesive that sticks strongly but has minimal tissue damage while in place and upon removal.

* + *Pomphorhynchus lucyi* Williams & Rogers, 1984
	+ *Pomphorhynchus megacanthus* Fotedar and Dhar, 1977
	+ *Pomphorhynchus moyanoi* Olmes and Habit, 2007
	+ *Pomphorhynchus omarsegundoi* Arredondo and Gil de Pertierra, 2010
	+ *Pomphorhynchus oreini* Fotedar and Dhar, 1977
	+ *Pomphorhynchus orientalis* Fotedar and Dhar, 1977
	+ *Pomphorhynchus patagonicus* Ortubay, Ubeda, Semenas and Kennedy, 1991
	+ *Pomphorhynchus perforator* (von Linstow, 1908)
	+ *Pomphorhynchus purhepechus* García-Varela, Mendoza-Garfias, Choudhury & Pérez-Ponce de León, 2017
	+ *Pomphorhynchus rocci* Cordonnier & Ward, 1967
	+ *Pomphorhynchus sebastichthydis* Yamaguti, 1939
	+ *Pomphorhynchus sphaericus* Pertierra, Spatz and Doma, 1996
	+ *Pomphorhynchus spindletruncatus* Amin, Abdullah and Mhaisen, 2003
	+ *Pomphorhynchus tereticollis* (Rudolphi, 1809)
	+ *Pomphorhynchus tori* Fotedar and Dhar, 1977
	+ *Pomphorhynchus yamagutii* Schmidt and Higgins, 1973
	+ *Pomphorhynchus yunnanensis* Wang, 1981
	+ *Pomphorhynchus zhoushanensis* Li, Chen, Amin & Yang, 2017

***Tenuiproboscis* Yamaguti, 1935**

* ***Tenuiproboscis bilqeesae*** Gupta & Naqvi, 1992
* ***Tenuiproboscis clupei*** Gupta & Sinha, 1992
* ***Tenuiproboscis edmondi*** Gupta & Naqvi, 1992
* ***Tenuiproboscis ernakulensis*** Gupta & Naqvi, 1992
* ***Tenuiproboscis guptai*** Gupta & Sinha, 1989
* ***Tenuiproboscis keralensis*** Kaur, Shamal, Chandran, Binesh, Gishnu, Asokan & Sanil, 2017
* ***Tenuiproboscis meyeri*** Saxena & Gupta, 2007
* ***Tenuiproboscis misgurni*** Yamaguti, 1935

## Notes

1. **^** A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than the present genus.