Swedhuism (Indo-Europeanism)

**Swedhuism**, **Indo-Europeanism** or **Diwoyaǵnós** (Indo-European: **Swédhuismṇ** from *swedhús* "custom") is the polytheistic reconstructionist/revivalist religion based on the 5,000 year-old reconstructed religion of the Proto-Indo-Europeans. Swedhuism does not follow a single religious text, but rather a fluid understanding of order, disorder, sacrifice, reciprocity and hospitality.

## Main beliefs

Swedhuism is not a proselytizing religion. It is a belief system for those that want to reconnect with their distant Proto-Indo-European ancestors, way of life, and what it means to be culturally Indo-European. But one can practice this religion whether one is in the country or the city/suburbs if one wishes to.

### Sacrificial ideology and the virtue of Hospitality

The core beliefs in Proto-Indo-European religion was sacrifice, and the reciprocal nature of sacrifice. This also plays a role in the virtue of hospitality, which is another core concept. There is a reciprocal relationship between gods and men. This relationship can be summed up in the word g*hóstis*, meaning both "guest" and "host." Society and the gods are bound together in the exchange of gifts.

On occasion, one acts upon the role of host and guest on the another. Through the bond of the gods, one exchanges gifts and receive blessings. When a sacrifice was performed, one half of the animal was given to the gods. The people doing the sacrifice ate the rest, which was most of the meat. The sacrifice is thus a shared meal, in which the people are the hosts, and the gods as guests.

**Hospitality** is the virtue of letting visitors or strangers in to the home under the care of the host, especially by his/her protection. It is a sacred act symbolizing the relationship of gods and men. Hospitality is inspired by Dyeus himself. The law of hospitality also determines nobility and social standing.

Since the gods know the rules of hospitality, they then would be obligated to give humanity favors as hosts, and humanity as the guests. Some may see this a as a cold relationship, but it is this relationship that creates a bond between gods and men, which bind us all in a shared society. That, has been the nature of the relationship for all time. This is the Indo-European version of sacrifice.

### Order and disorder

Like sacrifice, order and disorder operate in a reciprocal manner. The world tree, it's branches form a pattern which is the Ṛtós, which was birthed from the cosmic heat of Ghāwos. The tree rose up through a flaming well to feed it. The tree is the cosmos itself, establishing the natural order of things, while the water surrounding the tree is disorder.

The primal force of sustanence is visualised as the cow goddess Gʷṓwswéntā, who first emerged from the churning of order and chaos.

## Family tree

The family tree is viewable here: https://www.familyecho.com/?p=START&c=y01caaki69&f=921746493857290474#

## Deiwōs (Wiḱwodeiwōs, All the Gods, Ṇmṛtṓs, the Immortals, and Danéwyōs, the Children of Dā́nu)

### Deiwṓs (Celestial Gods)

#### Dyēus Pətḗr (Olpətḗr)

God of the daytime sky, sovereignty, cosmic order, and oaths. Descendants: *Iuppiter, Dyáuṣ Pitṛ, Ζευς/Zeus/Zefs, Týr, Tiwaz, Tin; Olaithir,* and *Olfáthr*.

#### Diwónā (Diwí Mā́tēr, Dhḗsyā)

Trifunctional goddess of war, poetic inspiration, sovereignty, wisdom, smithing. Descendants: *Devona, Diana, Dione,* and *Dēvī.*

#### Áusōs (Áusrā, Diwós Dhugətḗr, Bhṛghṇtī́)

The Goddess of the dawn, light, youth, rebirth, and spring. She is imprisoned, but saved. Daughter of Dyeus and Dhéǵhōm or Diwónā. Epithets include *Áyerigenesī* "Early-born." Descendants: *Eos, Aurora, Usas, Ausrine, Eostre, Astghik; Brigindu,* and *Brigid.*

#### Aryomḗn (Mitrós)

God of peace, law, contracts, trade, marriage, healing, societal order. Descendants: *Aryaman, Éremón, Ariomanus, Irmin,* and *Airyaman*; *Mitra, Mithra,* and *Mithras*.

#### Diwós Súnū (Ékwinōu, Nósṇtyōu, Yéwone)

Twin horse gods who pull the chariot of the sun goddess. Gods of travel, luck, good harvest, war, sons of Dyeus and Medhewī; husbands of Sā́wḷ). Descendants: *Dioskouroi, Ashvins, Ašvieniai,* and *Dievi Deli.*

#### Áusros (Poluléukēs)

The Morning Star, god of fertility and harvest.

#### Sā́wḷ (Sāwélyosyo Dhugətḗr, Diwós oqos "eye of Dyēus")

Goddess of the sun, music, archery, poetry, divination, knowledge and wisdom. Descendants: *Suryā, Sol, Sól, Sulis, Sunna,* and *Saulė*,

#### Sāwélyos

Solar aspect of Dyeus, father of Sā́wḷ. Descendants: *Surya, Hvara,* and *Helios*.

#### Mḗns

God of the moon, time, hunting, fishing, magic, healing, and learning, brother of Sā́wḷ. Descendants: *Mene, Máni, Meno, Mėnuo, Meness, Miesiats, Μήν.*

#### Apṓm Népōts (Néptonos, Donúpotis)

God of waters and wells, water and fire, fishing and sailing, knowledge divination, secrets, and magic. Descendants: *Apam Napat, Neptunus, Nechtan, Nethuns; Poseidon, Bangpūtys,* and *Donbettyr.*

### Anséwes (Nature Spirits, Deiwṓs Yéwones. Minor Deities)

#### Príyā (Préwyā, Wénōs, Yḗrā & Préwyos, Wénespotis, Yḗros)

The Twin Goddess and god of love, beauty, fertility, gardens, summer, and youth. Descendants: *Frigga, Priya, Priye, Frya, Hera (?), (Aphrodite* and *Venus*, despite having similar functions, are based on the Mesopotamian goddess Ishtar/Inanna); *Eros; Freyjr; Vánaspatiḥ; Jaryło, Jarowit, Jarilo.*

#### Aisós

God of healing & agriculture. Descendants: *Aisos, Esus, Αΐσκληπιός,* and *Γεβελέϊσις*.

#### Álgis & Álgis

Twin god and goddess of grain. Descendants: *Halkis, Alcis, Algis*.

#### Agesmédā/Aisa

Goddess of healing and herbalism. Descendants: *Airmed, vī-māδaiia, Meditrina, Άγαµήδη*, and *Eir*.

#### Bháds & Bhadḗus

Goddess & god of happiness. Descendants: *Φαδεί (?), Bhadra*, *Fidius*.

#### Bhalṇtós

Orgiastic god of dance and wine. Descendants: *Bharatáḥ, Βάλιν*, and *Εύρυ-Βάλινδος*.

#### Bhérghimos

God of creation, speech, and poetry. Descendants: *Bragi, Bergimus, Brian*, and *Brahma*; *Ogmios, Oghma)*

#### Dháunos & Dháunā

Demigods associated with wolves and forests. Descendants: *Faunus, Daunus*, and *Fauna*.

#### Dhṛsōn

Daemon associated with healing and health. Descendants: *Δάρρων*, and *Tarsu*.

#### Dhúsyā & Dhúsalos

Deities of battle fury. Descendants: *Θυΐα, Furia, Δύαλος*.

#### Ghórdhā

Goddess of gardens and agriculture. Descendants: *Charites, Horta, Gerðr*.

#### Léudheros & Léudherā

Gods of viticulture and wine, fertility and freedom. Descendants: *’Ελεύθερος, Liber, Lódurr; Έλευάέρά, Libera. Louzera*.

#### Méneswā

Goddess of wisdom. Descendants: *Minerva*, and Sanskrit: मनस्विन् (manasvin-, “full of mind or sense.”)

#### Ópis

A goddess of the Earth, fruits. Consort of Séwətōr. Descendants: *Apis, Ωπις, O-pe, Ops*, and *Άπι*.

#### Párikā

Goddess of childbirth. Descendants: *Pairika, Parī, Parīk, Arech.*

#### Ṛtkónā/Ghwérṇtyā

Goddess of bears, hunting, wild animals; Ursa Major. Descendants: *Artio, Artemis; Θηρασία (?), Ζηρινθία, Žvoruna*.

#### Sā́lyā

Consort of Aqōm Népōts and Ōḱeyṃnós, mother of the Neices. Personifies the ocean. Descendants: *Halia, Ἕλλη/Héllē, Salacia, Salacea, Nehelennia.*

##### Ṇcnís (Leukópotis, Leukétyos, Promēdhyús, Lúgōn)

Genderfluid fire, lightning, craft and trickster deity. Travel companion of Perqū́nos (thunder and lightning). Stole fire from the gods and gave it to humans, and was punished by being chained to a rock and tormented by an animal (an eagle or a wolf). He's also the personification of fire, and a son of Sā́lyā and Ōkeyṃnós. Worshiped as a Being. Descendants: *Agni, Ogňь, Ugnis, Enj. Loucetios, Lūcetius, Laũkpatis; Prometheus, Pramathyú, Mātariśvan; Loki.*

##### Leukétyā (Leukódhēsyā, Nemétyā, Nemetónā)

Sister of Leuketyos/Ṇcnís, goddess of sacred groves, fields, meadows. Accompanies the Loukyṓs. Consort of Németos. Descendants: *Lucetia, Leukoϑéa; Nemetona, Arnemetia*.

#### Sḗmos/Sḗmōn & Sḗmonā

God and goddess sowing seed, planting, springtime. Descendants: *Σημόνη, Sĕmь, Sēmūnēs, Semepatis (?)*

#### Sílwānos

God of forests and woods. Descendants: *Silvanus, Selvans, Σίληνος*.

#### Stērónā/Stērésyā

Goddess of the stars. Descendants: *Sirona, Asteria, Astraea*.

#### Trī́tōn

God of the sea and ocean, wind, sailing. Son of Apōm Népōts and Sā́lyā. Descendants: *Triath*, and *Triton*.

#### Wésunā

Goddess of prosperity and abundance. Descendants: *Vesuna*, and *Vesunna*.

#### Wṓqs/Woqwṇtī́

Goddess of eloquence, speech, language, poetry. Descendants: *Vāc*.

### Dhḗses (Warrior Gods)

#### **Perqū́nos** (Tórṇts, Diwós Putlós, Wṛtróchnos)

Known as the "striker," is reconstructed from Sanskrit *Parjanya*, Prussian *Perkuns*, Lithuanian *Perkūnas*, Latvian *Pērkons*, Slavic *Перýн/Perun* and Norse *Fjörgyn*. Fjörgyn was replaced by Thor among the Germanic speaking peoples. These gods give their names to Thursday, the fifth day of the week, through calqueing. Therefore Thursday in Indo-European is *dyēus Perqū́nosyo*. The Celtic hammer god Sucellus is of the same character, but with an unrelated name. Wields his bronze axe called **Wā́ǵros**.

##### Perqunī́

Consort of Perqunos, goddess of grain. Descendants: *Fjörgyn*, and Perunika.

#### Mā́worts

God of war, agriculture, wind. Descendants: *Mārs, Māvorts, Marutāḥ*.

#### Kóryonos

Leader of war-bands. Descendants: *Κοίρανος, Herjan, Corionos*.

#### Éḱwonā (Mēdhéwī, Serényū, Rēgṇtónā)

Goddess of horses, sexuality, marriage, vengeance, sovereignty, and mead. Descendants: *Epona, Medb, Meduna, Madhavi, Saranyū, Erinys; Rhiannon*.

#### Wḷkā́nos (Twṛktḗr, Ḷbhús)

God of fire and smith-shamans/smiths, craftsman for the gods. Described as lame, ugly, and has a limp. Descendants: *Weiland, Vulcanus, Ulkan, Varcas, Velchanos, Tvastr, Θβōrəštar, Rbhú, Orpheus (?)*.

### Aisṓs (Terrestrial Deities)

#### Dhéǵhōm Mā́tēr (Pḷtáwī Mā́tēr)

Mother goddess of the earth, plants, nature, fertility, motherhood, food, cooking, and agriculture. Dhéǵhōm Mā́tēr was born to Séwətōr and Dā́nu. Her lifeblood is aeneous in color, but also poisonous to a human. Descendants: *Demeter, Gaia/Gē, Zeme, Mati. Semele, Syra Zemlja, Žemyna; Prithvi Mater, Lelwani, Litavis*.

#### Tépṇtī

The Goddess of the hearth, ire, home, and food stores. Descendants: *Vesta, Hestia; Δέσποινα, dəmąnōpaθnī; Tabiti.*

#### Páusōn (Kṛnonos, Pṇthóspotis)

The God of shepherds, nature, doorways, roads and paths; animals, forests, hunting; the psychopomp of the dead. Descenants: *Pan, Pashupati, Puṣan; Carnonos, Kuruntas; Pathaspatiḥ*.

#### Bhágos

The Guardian deity of fate, luck, and wealth. Descendants: *Bhágaḥ, baγa-, богъ, (Daž)bog, Bagaios, Pāk*.

#### Wēyús (Wēyúpotis)

God of the wind. Consort of Áusōs. Descendants: *Vayu, Vėjas, Venti, Vejapatis, Vejovis (?)*.

#### Wḗntes (Wḗtōs)

The four winds, guardians of the Medhyódoru.

##### Áusteros

East: Wind of prophecy, change, air, the Deiwos.

##### Déksinos (Súnteros)

South: Wind of prosperity, creativity, fire, the Anséwes.

##### Wéqsperos

West: Wind of knowledge, mystery, water, the Ánōs.

##### Kḗweros (Yégilos)

North: Wind of war and death, earth, and the Gāgóntes.

#### Ḱólyā (Mṛtis Pótnī)

The Goddess of death, and the underworld. Daughter of Nóqts the Night Goddess, and Swépnos the god of Sleep. Consort of Wélṇos. Descendants: *Kalypso, Hel, Hell, Śarva (?); Mors, Morena*.

#### Wélṇos

The God of the night sky, rain, poetry, and fertility. Fought Perqū́nos in the form of Ṇchis. Youngest brother of Dyēus. Perqū́nos and Wélṇos fight frequently, bring about the changing seasons. Perqū́nos fights Wélṇos's nephew during the Twilight of the Gods. Descendants: *Veles, Vala/Varuna, Ouranos/Uranus, Ullr, Vellaunos, Vēlinas, Walis.*

## Néres (Demigods, Primordials Heroes, and other Spirits)

### Gʷówindā/Cówindā (Kṓmodhēyus, Séleswṇtī)

The Cow goddess of marriage and plenty, oaths, magic, destiny, weaving and domestic crafts, and rain. Cówindā raises the twins Manus and Yemos. She is also sacrificed by Mánus, and her body becomes the world’s animal life. Descendants: *Boand, Govinda; Sarasvati; Kamadhenu, Amalthea, Audumbla, Gavaevodata*.

#### Mánus

Brother of Yemós, ancestor of mankind, the first priest. Sacrificed Yemos with magical bronze dagger, creating the world with his body. Consort of Woqwṇtī́. Descendants: *Manu, Mannuz/Mannus*.

##### Trítos & Ílā (Trítā)

First man and woman, created by Manus from the ash tree. Trítos helped Perqū́nos kill Wṛtrós with a weapon given to him by Ila, who becomes one of the cupbearers to the gods after her death. Descendants: *Trita, Θraetona, þriði; Ida, Tuisto.*

###### Polūréwos

King of a tribe, consort of Wǝruōqī́. Son of Trítos and Ílā. Father of Ayúwēsus.

#### Ayúwēsus

Son of Polūréwos and Wǝruōqī́. Succeded his father after his death.

#### Yemós

The Twin of Manus, whose sacrificed body was shaped into the universe. First being to die, became the ruler of the Underworld after his death. Ancestor of all the Gāgóntes. Descendants: *Ymir, Yama, Yima, Remus*.

#### Gʷhedhruṓs/Chedhruṓs

Warrior spirits of the retinue of Perqū́nos/Éḱwonā, who choose the warriors who will perish on the battleield. They wash the garments of those who are about to die. Connected to birds, esp. ravens, crows and swans.

### Gʷhóndherwōs/Chóndherwōs

Centaurs, half-man, half-horse creatures. Descendants: *gandharva, gandərəwa, Κένταυρος (?).*

#### Ḱóryōs (Wólōs, Mṛtṓs, Mawortes)

Spirits of the slain in battle. Retinue of a wind god (Wēyús or Rudlós). Descendants: *Einherjar, Hermóðr, Marutas*.

#### Sówəmos (Yéwonos)

Son of Mēns, God of vegetation, harvest, youth, poetry and alcohol. Cut down and his blood used to brew the Nmrtóm, which falls into the wrong hands, Perqū́nos must retrieve it by plucking it off the earth in the form of a bird, thereby inally allowing him to reform. He then becomes the cupbearer of the gods. Descendants: *Soma, Haoma, Maponos, Ganymede, Kvasir, Aengus Óg*.

### Ṇmṛtyā́ (Yéwonā)

Goddess of eternal youth who tends to the apples of immortality, which grow on the world tree. Closely associated with Áusōs. Descendants: *Ambrosia, Amritā, Ameretat, Anadatus, Idunn, Hesperides, Hebe, Juventas*.

## Ḷbhéwes (Land Spirits, elves, dwarves, the Ṛbhu)

#### Bhlōyṓs

Flower spirits.

Dhṃbhyṓs (Ghrobhyṓs)

The spirits of the burial mound/cemeteries.

#### Druyṓs

The spirits of trees. Descendants: *Dryads*.

#### Kaityṓs (Sílwanōs)

The spirits of forests. Accompany Dháunos and Dháunā, and/or Sílwānos.

#### Loukyṓs

The Field/meadow/steppe spirits. Accompany Pā́usōn.

#### Néigʷes/Néices

The Freashwater Spirits. Daughters of Apōm Népōts and Sā́lyā, and sisters of Trī́tōn. Descendants: Naides.

##### Wǝruoqī́

Spirit who is the personification of Europe. Descendants: *Ευρώπη.*

#### Ṇweidyṓs

The Underworld spirits. Descendants: Lampades.

#### Glendyṓs

Spirit of shores/riverbanks. Limṇyṓs (Lokuyṓs) Lake/reservoir spirits.

#### Ōḱeyṃyṓs

The spirits of the oceans. The *ṇperwōn* "innumerable" daughters of Ōḱeyṃnós, the great dragon and personification of the ocean. Descendants: *Oceanides*.

#### Dṃyṓs (Démspoteyes)

The spirits of the household. Descendants: *Lares*.

#### Bhágōs (Dáimones, Gnyṓs)

Personal guardians, tutelary deities. Companion guardian spirit, invisible to the person until the time preceding their death. Usually takes the form of an animal. Descendants: *Bogъ, Daimon, Genius, Fylgja*.

### Dhwósōs (Dhróughōs, Daemones, Ṇdherōs, Rétkesōs, Wélṇyṓs)

#### Wṛtrós (Ógʷhis/Ṇchis)

The Three-headed serpent, slain by Perqū́nos. Descendants: *Vrtraḥ; Ahi, Aži*.

#### Géronts

Ferryman of souls to the underworld. Literally means “Old Man.” Descendants: *Charon*.

#### Kerberós (Ghéredhs)

The Three-headed guard dog who guards the underworld. Literally means ”the Growler." Descendants: *Cerberus, Śarvbala*.

#### Kábeirōs

The Daemons/foreign gods of treasures and wealth. Descendants: *Kúberaḥ, Κάβειροι*.

##### Yagsós

A Kabeiros demon associated with ritual feasts and libations. Descendants: *Yaksah, Yaksa-, “Ιακχος*.

#### Ghū́ǵeyes

Giantesses, giant women, snow giants/demons.

#### Mórmōn (Bhórmōn)

A ghost, demon. Descendants: *Μορμώ, Μορμών.*

#### Mórā

A demoness of nightmares, evil spirit who torments people in their sleep. Descendants: *Nightmare, Marǭ,* and *Morà.*

#### Serényewes

The Avenging furies. Descendants: *Sirens, saranyas, Saranyū, Erinys*

#### Ógʷheyes/Ṇcheyes (Qṛméyes)

The dragons that inhabit certain forests, cities, or regions in an area.

### Gágontes (Pḱúklōpes)

12 primeval giants, predecessors of the Deiwos. Waged war with the Deiwṓs.

#### Áḱmōn (Wérunos)

The primordial One-eyed God of the sky. Born from the skull of Yemós. Consort to Érā, father of Séwətōr and Dā́nu. Also associated with water, the ocean, the grandfather of Dyeus. Descendants: *Varuna, Ouranos; Άκμων, Akmuo, Aśman.*

#### Séwətōr (Bélis Mōrós)

Ruler of earth during the Golden Age. God of fertility famine, agriculture, the sunset, autumn. Ate his children because he heard of a prophecy that they would overthrow him, until he was defeated by his youngest son Dyēus Pətḗr, who was hidden by his wife. Consort of Ópis, father of Dyeus, Dhéǵhōm Mā́tēr, Apōm Népōts and Cóuwindā. Descendants: *Savitṛ, Saturnus; Beli Mawr. Balor, Beli, Mahabali/Bali Maharajā, Beli Vid (Svetovid), Baloz*.

#### Réudhos (Rudlós, Wātónos, Léudheros)

God of alcohol, frenzy, wild nature, poetry, shamanism and arcane wisdom. Healer of plagues. Descendants: *Rudianos, Rudiobus, Rudra, Rugievit, Ruglъ, Rūgutis; Oðinn, Woden, Ódr; Liber, Eleutherios.*

#### Aiwṓn (Wétos)

Personification of the cyclical nature of time. Descendants: *Aeon, Vetus*.

#### Swépnos

God of sleep. Consort of Nóqts. Descendants: *Hypnos, Somnus*.

#### Ōḱeyṃnós

A great dragon and the personiication of the Ocean. Descendants: *Okeanos, Aśayana*.

#### Érā

The Personification of the Earth, the Underworld. Born from the body of Yemós. Consort to Aḱmōn, mother of Séwətōr and Dā́nu. Descendants: *Earth, Jörð, Rhea (?),Ericura (?)*.

#### Éghinā (Ánghobhudhā, Dṓtis)

A forest-dwelling witch and mother of monsters. Antithesis of her sister, Dā́nu. Descendants: *Echidna, Angitia, Baba Yaga, Ragana; Angrboda, Angerona (?); Diti Doris*.

#### Dā́nu (Seiqṇya, Ṇdṓtis)

The Goddess of rivers and fertility; mother of the Danéwyōs, the Deiwṓs. Descendants: *Danu, Danu, Don, Donets; Sequana, Sicouna, Sigyn; Aditi, Anahita, Anahit, Tuatha Dé Danann.*

#### Mṇsdhā (Mḗtis, Mṇtis)

The Personification of skill, memory, wisdom. Descendants: *Metis, Mnemosyne, Moneta, (Ahura) Mazda*.

#### Nūyṓi (Dhchítis Mā́tēr)

The Goddess of decay, ruin, violent war, bloodlust, slow death. Descendants: *Ένυώ, Nyja, Nasu, Nirṛta, Lua Mater*.

#### Gerā́

The Personification of old age. Consort of Aiwṓn. Descendants: *Geras, jara*.

#### Nóqts (Rḗtrī)

The Goddess of the night, primordial mother. She and Ausos follow after each other, riding on horses. Descendants: *Nyx, Nótt; Ratri.*

## Ghórdhōs (Worlds, realms, and nature)

### Medhyódoru

The giant World oak tree that connects the worlds. Descendants: *Yggdrasil, Aśvattha.*

### Áḱmōn (Dyēus)

The Sky, heaven, land of the Deiwos. Created from the skull of Yemos.

### Ṇmṛtom (Néktṝ)

The elixir that maintains the gods’ immortality. Descendants: *Ambrosia, Nectar.*

### Swélcṃs

The bridge to the Otherworld: a rainbow or the Milky Way. “The Sun’s Path." Descendants: *svarga,* and *Svarog.*

### Diwós Ḱwónes

The stars of the universe, literally "the dogs of Dyeus." Sons and daughters of Nóqts and Swépnos, brothers and sisters to Kólyā.

#### Ḱwṓn

The Orion Constellation, lit. "the Dog." The **wétokadhṇts Ḱunós** "the Dog/Orion calendar", the oldest-known Indo-European calendar, is named after this constellation.

### Dyēus, Dhéǵhōm, and Móri/Diwoǵmemóriqe

The Sky, Earth, & Sea together as a unit.

### Dhubnóm (Bhudhmḗn)

The Underworld, land of the dead, the Anséwes and the Dhwósōs. Ruled by Yemós.

#### Nā́wis

The river the dead must cross to reach the underworld by the ferryman Géronts. Descendants: *Navь, Styx*

#### Ánōs (Mṛwṓs, Pətéres Materesqe)

The collective Ancestors, souls of the dead.

### Ṛtóbhrēwṛ

The flaming well that waters the Medhyódoru, guarded by Apōm Népōts.

### Usés Mághās (Albhiyṓn)

An island on the horizon, where Áusōs resides and tends to her apples of immortality which grow on the world tree. It is also the home of the Wétos and the souls of the blessed dead. Descendants: *Avalon, Śvetadvīpam, Tírnanóg, Ódáinsakr,* and *Hyperborea.*

#### Étmṇ (Ánəmōn)

The Soul, composed of two parts: the Qístis remains and can receive offerings or is reincarnated, whereas the mentis travels to the Otherworld upon death, joining the collective Ancestors.

#### Qístis/Qekís

The mechanism of logic, reasoning of the Soul. Descendants: *huginn, čákšu, τέκμᾰρ, koṣkīye*

#### Mṇtis (Ménmṇ)

The mechanism of memory and wisdom of the Soul. Descendants: *muninn, mintis, μάντις, matí, and mēns.*

### Áyu

The Life force responsible for all living organisms, vital energy. The central belief in the philosophical concept of Áyuismṇ (Vitalism). Descendants: *ayú, Hayu, aevum.*

### Ṛtós and Ghāwos

The concepts and Beings of the Cosmic Law of the universe, and of Chaos, the void. Good and evil are illusionary templates of order and chaos respectively. The Ṛtós was birthed from the *Ghāwochernos,* the cosmic heat. Both are entwined by a symbiotic relationship that keeps the world together. Without one or the other, or both, the World dies. The chaotic waters feed the orderly World Tree. Without the waters, the tree wilts away. Embodiment of the philosopical concept of Equilibrism. Similar to the Chinese concept of Yin and Yang. Descendants: *ṛta, ritus, wyrd/weird,* and *arête (?)*; *Xαος, yawn, gómr,* and *gomurỹs*.

### Sṛtis (Mā́tēr, Bhǝtóm)

The concept of Fate. Bhǝtóm can mean fate, but can also mean the speech of the Gods. As in, when a god speaks, it's finality and another god cannot undo said action. It's predetermined course of events. It may be conceived as a predetermined future, whether in general or of an individual. Events are ordered and are unavoidable (i.e. the Chaoskampf of Perqū́nos and Wélṇos). Unfortunate events are the result of Fate. No one can alter their own fate, nor the fate of others. Descendants: *Fatum, Mater, Moira, Sors.*

#### Mātrónās (Mātéres, Dólyās)

The Mother Goddesses of Fate, The three fates) “Mothers”; Weavers, Assignors, the Alloters*.* Descendants: *Matres, Moirai, Parcae, Norns*.

#### Ṛtā́

The past, who spins the thread, goddess of cosmic order. The female equivalent to Ṛtós, the cosmic order. Descendants: *Harmonia, Wyrd, Urd, Asha, Arta, Arete, Rta*.

#### Dólyā (Déiksmā)

The present, who measures the thread. Allotter of fortune. Descendants: *Dalia, Dolja; Tekmor, Dike, Laksmi, Laima.*

#### Némōs (Skéltis, Ṇdréwəstā)

The future, who cuts the thread. A war goddess, often equated with Ḱólyā/Mṛtis. Descendants: *Skuld; Nemesis, Nemain, Nemiza, Numeias; Adrestia, Andraste*.

### Ṇdólyās (Ṇmóryās)

The allotters of misfortune, the antitheses of the Dolyas.

#### Ṇṛtā́

The embodiment of discord. Mother of Neiwā́ and Ághos. Descendants: *Nesrecha, Discordia, Nirṛta.*

##### Neiwā́

The Personification of depression and misery.

###### Ághos

The spirit of emotional distress. Descendants: *Ἄχος/Akhos/Achos.*

#### Ṇdólyā (Ṇdéiksmā)

The Personification of injustice. Descendants: *Nedolja, Adikia*.

#### Weltis Léudherā

The concept of Free Will. Free will is the ability to choose one's own actions without fate. One reason why we have free will is that the gods aren't omniscient. Everything that people do is for a reason. The path we take in our lives is for us to choose, but Fate will pre-determine the result.

### Dhérmṇ

The personal law, duty, conscience of an individual.

#### Swédhwōs

The individual deeds, ethics, parts of one’s Swā́rtus.

### Léges

The laws of human beings. Descendants: *Leges*

## Religious terms

* aidhis: shrine
* āsā: altar
* chedhyō: I pray
* yagtis: act of worshiping, worship
* némos: bow (gesture), reverential salutation, adoration (by gesture or word)
* bhṛghtom: hymn, mantra
* móldhos: prayer
* kintētis: meditation
* sákrodhokyom: sacrifice
* bhlā́ǵsmṇ/sákrodhots: priest
* bhlā́ǵsmō: the priestly class, as opposed to the warrior class (neros, nṛ) and common class (wolǵos)
* sakros: a sacred place, chaste, holy, pious, pure, purifying, sacred
* dhāps: sacrificial meal
* temlom: temple
* wéidolom: idol, image of a god or an ancestor
* smeirātlom: miracle
* swombhós soitos: magic mushroom (particularly Amanita muscaria, which is called sakroswombhós)
* wātis: poet and seer who takes omens
* ádbhertōr: priest in charge of making sacrifices and libations
* ghéutōr: priest in charge of prayers and invocation
* andhésā: unmarried woman, priestess in charge of tending ritual fire
* regs: king, head of the wiḱs "tribe" as well as conductor of sacrifices
* médodiks: healer
* etmṇ: soul, true self
* nṛ: hero, greatest warrior of the tribe, in charge of hallowing and protecting the ghordhos
* érqos: song of praise, poem

## Witchcraft Terms

* ḱówis: magician, male witch, warlock
* wikkā: female witch, enchantress
* wikātis: act of being a witch, act of practicing witchcraft, witchcraft
* wikāmi: I practice witchcraft, I practice sorcery
* soitos: magic
	+ qétos: magic force, magic energy, spell
	+ ḱóukanmṇ: charm
	+ skélokanmṇ: curse, hex
	+ skréidmō: magic symbols, magic carving
	+ soityos: magical
	+ wenesnom: potion

## Néwṇ Dékōs (9 Virtues)

* Bhéidhis: Loyalty
* Dhḷǵhos: Duty
* Ghódhos: Honor
* Ghóstis: Hospitality
* Nántis: Courage
* Tlā́wyā: Discipline
* Wénos: Temperance
* Wérotāts: Truth
* Yóusyom: Justice

## Drewā (Trees)

* Ábelos (Apple) = Healing
* Bherā́gs (Birch) = Beginnings
* Bhṛksnos (Ash) = Luck
* Óiwos (Yew) = Travel
* Ḱósolos (Hazel) = Wisdom
* Ḱórnos (Cherry) = Love
* Pérqos (Oak) = Strength
* Sórbhos (Rowan) = Protection
* Wernā́ (Alder) = Growth
* Wídhus (Willow) = Inspiration

## Afterlife

**Bhudhmḗn** "bottom" or **Yemós** (named after it's ruler) is the Underworld where souls go after death. At the moment of death, Némōs cuts the person's thread of life. Said person goes into a sleep, the *Mṇtis* "memory and wisdom" part of soul is separated from the corpse, taken by the lady of death Kólyā. The *Qístis* "logic and reason" remains, and reincarnates into another being. The body is placed in a kurgan or burial mound, with weapons, clothing, jewelry, or pottery, to use in the hereafter, with the forehead decorated with ocher. The kurgan is sometimes referred to as a permanent home to the former soul’s body.

The soul takes on the shape of the former person, and is transported to the entrance of the Underworld with assistance by the psychopomp Pā́usōn. The new *Skotós* "Shade" reaches the river of the dead *Nā́wis*. To which, the dead pays a bronze or copper coin to *Géronts*, the ferryman. At the end of Nā́wis, there is a gate to the underworld guarded by Ghéredhs, the three-headed dog; beyond it there are cattle pastures with herds (the *Rōdos Agros* "joyful plain"), where the soul joins the collective *Pətéres Mā́teresqe*, the Ancestors. The Joyful Plain is hidden within the Underworld's gloom. It's journey could be arduous, and requires prayers and offerings of food or drin on the part of the soul’s living kin for a period of time, including the deposit of various goods that could be needed on the journey. Not doing so will unleash the the shade's ire.

Life, like truth, shines in the bright sun-light, while the opposite finds expression in darkness, in misty and foggy environments. Life is dyēus, "the heavenly light", and death is récos/régʷos, the "abyssal darkness." We currently see the light of Sā́wḷ, but one day we will leave Her radiance. Thus removal from Her light.

The Underworld itself is described as the sunless realm that receives all men beneath the depths of the earth, and "the realm of sluggish rivers of black night that beach forth their limitless gloom." It is considered the dark counterpart to the brightness of Dyēus, and is the realm of the dead that corresponds to the realm of the gods. The Bhudhmḗn is a realm invisible to the living, made solely for the dead. It is the lowest section of the Medhyódoru.

The winterless dwelling place of the demigod heroes, Albhiyṓn. Heroes go here for those who wish to be reincarnated, as opposed to the ones who are deified and go to the heavens. It's described as an island on the horizon (somewhere west of the land of the Vučedol), where Áusōs resides and tends to her apples of immortality which grow on the world tree. It's home to the Wḗtōs.

## Rituals

See also: *Prayer and Ritual in Swedhuismos*

### Sacrifice ritual

* Ásā (Altar on which the sacrificial fire is held) “Altar”

* Ghórdhos, Némos (Sacred space where altar is located) “Enclosure”, “Grove”
* Wā́ǵros (Axe or Hammer that represents the weapon of Perk w unos. To establish a new Ghordhos, the Nṛ holds it in the air as an offering is made in each cardinal direction, clockwise starting with the East.
* 1. Purification by Water: Pū́romṇ
	+ Priest and/or sacrifices are purified with water; a prayer is offered to Áqōm Népōts.

* 2. First Omen: Prā́mom Óusmṇ
	+ An omen is taken to see if the day and time are auspicious for sacrifice.

* 3. Lighting the Fire: Ṇcnis
	+ Three worlds are ritually reconstructed. A fire is lit in the symbolic center of the worlds.

* 4. The Procession/Establishing the Grove: Tkéimṇ Ghórdhosyo
	+ To establish a new Ghordhos , the nṛ holds it in the air as an offering is made in each cardinal direction, clockwise starting with the East.

* 5. Opening Prayer: Prā́mos Móldhos
	+ The Déiwōs, Ánsūs, or Wíḱpotēs of the ritual are called in with prayer “calling”
	+ Prayer Structure: Name, Attribute and/or Mythical Deed, Prayer; (Deiwe Perqū́ne, Tontropoti, qis Wélṇom chent, ehsúm kerponom tebhei chedhyomos.) = “Deiwos Perqunos, lord of thunder, he who killed the great dragon, we pray to you for a good harvest”

* 6. Call to Silence: tústis
	+ A instrument sounds 3 or 9 times and all are called to silence to establish a sacred place and time.

* 7. Offering to the Hearth Goddess
	+ An offering is made into the fire to open the gates to the world beyond.

* 8. First Offerings: Prāmā Ghutā́
	+ A general offering is made to all the gods, ancestors and spirits that occupy the space.
* 9. The Hymn: Kánmṇ
	+ A hymn is sung to the god(s) to whom the sacrifice is being made.
* 10. The Blessing of the Sacrifice: Pū́romṇ Sākrodhṓkyos
	+ The sacrifice is purified by water and smoke and is blessed.
* 11. The Circumambulation: Ambhī́tis
	+ The sacrifice is brought around in a circle clockwise, as all participants lay hands upon it, infusing it with their prayers and wishes.

* 12. The Sacrifice: Sākrodhṓkyom
	+ Sacrifices are given to the gods through burning on the altar, burial, or submersion in water.

* 13. Libation: Ghutóm
	+ Part of a drink such as beer or mead is pour out with the sacrifice

* 14. Sacrificial Omen: Ghutós Óusmṇ
	+ An omen is taken to see if the sacrifice has been accepted

* 15. Sharing the Blessing: Dṓnom
	+ Participants share the horn from the libation and/or the meat of the sacrificed animal. This is the gods’ sacrifice in return to the participants. (If the offering was made to Ḱólyos, Yemós, or the dead then this step is skipped.)

* 16. The Piacular Sacrifice: Woinaghutóm
	+ An offering is made both to apease unkindly spirits who may be present and to forgive any errors made during the ritual.

* 17. Extinguishing the Fires: Césmṇ
	+ The deity of the sacrifice is thanked; Ausōsā is thanked with the last libation and asked to close the gate; the fire is extinguished.

* 18. The Closing Prayer: bhéndā
	+ All present are thanked and asked to leave. Purification by water may happen again.

## Philosophy

See also: Swedhuism philosophy

Philosophical concepts in Swedhuism include, the soul (IE: *etmṇ*), the concept of Equilibrism (the relationship between order and disorder), knowledge (*gnotis*), and imperishable fame (*ḱléwos ṇdhchitóm*).

## Calendar System

The **Calendar of the Dog** or the **Orion calendar** is the unique asterism calendar used in Swedhuism. It's based on the Orion calendar, the oldest-known Indo-European calendar that was in use by the Vičedol culture of Vinkovci, Croatia. It's coordinates are 45°17'15.3"N 18°48'10.6"E. In Swedhuism, it's known as the **Calendar of the Dog**. It's takes it's name from the constellation **Ḱwṓn** (Orion, also the **Trīstriyós**) (most likely invisioned by the original Indo-Europeans as a dog), the predominant constellation of winter. A sidereal coordinate system, it focuses on the fixed stars in the constellations (MIE: *stroqelos* "star group") relative to the changing seasons, *Sā́wḷ* (the Sun), Venus (MIE: *Áusros* and *Wéqsperos*, the Gods of the morning and the evening star) and Mars (MIE: *Perqūnyós*, "of Perqū́nos", cf. Greek *Ἄρειος/Áreios* "warlike", "of Ares", the Ancient Greek name for the planet Mars).

The engraved ornament on the vessel which was recovered from the Vučedol layer in Vinkovci and whose creation dates from before the year 2600 B.C.E., represents the most complete Indo-European calendar which is based on the astral symbolism with pertinent constellations to all four seasons. Although it was created in the same time period as the Sumerian and Egyptian calendars, it does not represent their replica, since it is based on the 45th parallel. Therefore neither the sun or moon could've been used for measuring time. The climate conditions which correspond to that latitude have four seasons as a con-sequence.The constellations which represent specific seasons are marked as during the time of twilight as the first features on the evening sky (Orion, the Pleiades, Gemini, Pisces, Cassiopeia, Cygnus). The usual imagery of the Sun, without any imagery of the Moon, confirms the complete absence of the lunar symbolism which is in fact the Indo-European characteristic.In the Vučedol culture, the year used to begin with the spring equinox, when the Sun symbolically used to step in the place of the most important winter constellation - Orion. That is to say, during that night, the Orion belt (three stars) would become visible for a short time for the last time in the winter sky, then disappearing for several months. That congruity, the disappear-ance of Orion at spring equinox, was first recorded by the inhabitants of the Vučedol culture. It helped them determine the first day in their year with the actual number of days of the yearly revolution of Earth around the Sun.

So in this calendar system, the year begins with the spring equinox, called the **Newóleukos**. It is sacred to the dawn goddess Áusōs, signifies the departure of the Dog (Orion) and Sāwḷ (the Sun) taking his place. Efigies of Mṛtis/Ḱólyā, as winter, are burned.

In addition to the seasonal constellations (Kairius Astrocyclus (Seasonal Star Cycle), another important constellation is proposed as Ursa Major (MIE: Ṛtḱónā, the goddess of bears, wild animals, and the hunt). Important stars include Sirius, Procyon, and Betelgeuse (together they're called **Trīstriyós**, "three-stars"). The Eteros Stroqelos "Other Constellations", are the constellations that aren't apart of the Orion calendar, thus the seasonal constellations are the main constellations.

The most solidly ‘reconstructed’ Indo-European constellation is Ursa Major, which is designated as ‘The Bear’ (Chapter 9) in Greek and Sanskrit (Latin may be a borrowing here), although even the latter identification has been challenged. Eric Hamp has suggested that we can also reconstruct a second constellation, a ‘Triangle’ (and not the constellation Triangulum). This is suggested by Avestan tištriya-‘three-star’ that may be cognate with Grk Seírios ‘Sirius, the dog-star’ thus suggesting a ‘three-star’ constellation involving Sirius. Hamp proposes a constellation that would embrace bright stars in Orion (Betelgeuse), Canis Major (Sirius), and Canis Minor (Procyon) (hence we may have a celestial ‘Dog’ contrasted with a ‘Bear’; neither of these is in the Babylonian zodiac where we find instead animals such as the lion, bull, and scorpion).

Nowadays, the three stars of the Belt of Orion typically disappear in the first week of March, in contrast with the 21st of March 5,000 years ago. The three stars reappear on the September equinox. YearsSince this calendar dates from before 2600 BCE, the Vičedol culture dates from c. 3000 BCE. So, 3000 BCE in this calendar is year 1. Current year 2021 CE is thus: 5021, in the 51st century, in the 6th millennium. Due to the original Indo-Europeans having a king as the leader of an individual tribe and/or in a village, they probably would've used a regal yearly system. Days and months are numbered according to the Gregorian calendar.

## Dā́pes (Holy days)

#### **Newóleukos** (New Year):

On March 21 - Day sacred to Áusōs as goddess of springtime. Efigies of Mṛtis, as winter, are burned.

#### **Upósamos** (Summerfinding):

May 1 - A day sacred to the Anséwes, for gathering sacred waters.

**Medhyósamos** (Midsummer):

Summer Solstice - A festival in honor of Sā́wl and the Diwós Súnū.

**Perqūnéyā** (Perqū́nos' feast):

August 1 - A festival in honor of Perkʷunos ○

**Ósēn** (Harvest):

The Autumn Equinox - A harvest celebration, sacred Dhéǵhōm Mā́tēr.

**Upógheyōm** (Winterinding): November 1 - Festival of the dead and the start of winter.

**Medhyógheyōm** (Midwinter):

The Winter Solstice. In honor of the birth of the Diwós Súnū.

**Welnéyā** (Wélṇos feast):

February 1 - A festival in honor of Wélṇos.

#### Calculating

Years of the Dog

3000 BCE + 2021 = 5021

Years before the Dog

3000 BCE - 6500 BCE = -3500

### Astrology

In astrological terms, the calendar focuses on the seasonal constellations relative to the position of Earth, Sāwḷ (the Sun), Venus (Áusros and Wéqsperos) and Mars (Perqūnyós) and the Ṛtós (cosmic order).

**Ḱwṓn** (Orion) and **Sāwḷ** (Sun) **Əcneyostriyós/Septṃstriyós** ("Star of Fire"/"Seven Stars", the Pleiades), **Qṛmis** ("worm/snake", Cassiopeia), **Elōr** ("Swan", Cygnus), **Yemōs** ("Twins", Gemini), **Éḱwos** ("Horse", Pegasus), **Ḱwṓn** ("Dog", Orion), and **Piskēs** ("Fishes", Pisces).

### Elemental Signs

**Ecnis**

The element of fire.

**Dhéǵhōm**

The element of earth.

**Wēyús**

The element of air.

**Áps**

The element of water.

The fifth element **Wḗs** (Aether/Ether), is not apart of the astrological element months.

### The Astrocyclus "Star Cycle"

**Ḱwṓn** (Orion) and **Sāwḷ** (Sun): Fire, Feb. 20- March 20

**Sāwḷ** (Sun): Earth, March 21 - April 21

Ruling Planet: **Perqūnyós** (Mars)

**Əcneyostriyós/Septṃstriyós** (the Pleiades): Air, April 22 - May 22

Ruling Planet: **Áusros** and **Wéqsperos** (Venus)

**Qṛmis** (Cassiopeia): Water, May 23 - June 21

**Sāwḷ** (Sun): Fire, June 22 - July 22

**Elōr** (Cygnus): Earth, July 23 - August 22

**Pleiades** (Summer): Air, August 21 - September 23

Ruling Planet: **Áusros** and **Wéqsperos** (Venus)

**Yemōs** (Gemini): Water, September 23 - October 22
Ruling Planet: Áusros and Wéqsperos (Venus)

**Qṛmis** (Cassiopeia): (Autumn): Fire, Oct. 22 - Nov. 22

**Éḱwos** (Pegasus): Earth, Nov. 23 - Dec. 21

**Ḱwṓn** (Orion): Air, Dec 22 - Jan. 20

**Piskēs** (Pisces): Water, Jan. 21 - Feb. 19

### Eteros Stroqelos "Other Constellations"

**Wṛtrós** (Draco)

**Ṛtḱónā** (Ursa Major)

## References

* https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/review?uri=urn:aaid:scds:US:e5b7a444-a65e-44ec-9312-7af998120325
* https://www.familyecho.com/?p=START&c=y01caaki69&f=921746493857290474#
* https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/review?uri=urn:aaid:scds:US:f7b6a2c9-4c93-4065-b1a8-b248ac9db87c

The Oxford Introduction To Proto-Indo-European And The Proto-Indo-European World, "The Physical World", page 131, Oxford Linguistics, J.P. Mallory and D.Q. Adams