recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
All-inclusive resort

An **all-inclusive resort** is a vacation  resort that includes at a minimum lodging, three meals daily, soft drinks, most alcoholic drinks, gratuities, and possibly other services in the price. Many also offer sports and non-motorized watersports and other activities that are included in the price as well. They are often located in warmer regions of the world, particularly in Mexico and the Caribbean. The all-inclusive model originated in the French Club Med resorts, which were founded by the Belgian Gérard Blitz in 1950.

Some all-inclusive resorts are designed for specific vacation interests. For example, some resorts cater to adults only, which are primarily favoured by nudists due to lax regulations, while even more specialized properties accept couples only. Other all-inclusive resorts are geared toward families, with facilities like craft centers, game rooms, and water parks to keep children of all ages entertained. All-inclusive resorts are also very popular locations for weddings and honeymoons.

## Resorts by type

### All-inclusive resort

An all-inclusive resort, in addition to all the amenities of a resort, charges a fixed price that includes most or all items offered. At a minimum, most inclusive resorts include lodging, drinks (both alcoholic and non-alcoholic), food (three meals: breakfast, lunch, and dinner), indoor and outdoor activities, and entertainment for a fixed price.

### Destination resorts

They generally are called "all-inclusive destination resorts". These facilities provide food, drink, lodging, sports, fitness programs and spas, entertainment, and shopping, with the advantage that guests do not have to leave the resort after arriving.

Generally, these facilities offer a higher quality of service than if one were to stay and eat at a regular hotel. However, this is not all so common in Europe as they are generally perceived as cheap and of an inferior quality experience.
Arachnids

**Arachnida** is a class of joint-legged invertebrate animals (arthropods), in the subphylum Chelicerata.
Spiders are the largest order in the class, which also includes scorpions, ticks, mites, harvestmen, and solifuges. In 2019, a molecular phylogenetic study also placed horseshoe crabs in Arachnida.

Almost all adult arachnids have eight legs, although the front pair of legs in some species has converted to a sensory function, while in other species, different appendages can grow large enough to take on the appearance of extra pairs of legs. The term is derived from the Greek word ἀράχνη (*aráchnē*), from the myth of the hubristic human weaver Arachne who was turned into a spider.

Almost all extant arachnids are terrestrial, living mainly on land. However, some inhabit freshwater environments and, with the exception of the pelagic zone, marine environments as well. They comprise over 100,000 named species.
At-a-glance/Hindu & Zoroastrian mythology

See also:

Hindu mythology
Zoroastrianism
Exotic tribes of ancient India
Thirty-three gods
Trimurti

THE SEVEN DIVINE BEINGS AND THEIR OPONENTS

## Notes

1. ↑ Devas, Siddhas, Asuras, Daityas, Garudas, Kinnaras, Nirutas, Kimpurushas, Gandharvas, Yakshas, Vinjayas, Bhutas, Pisachas, Antharas, Munivas, Uragas, Akashavasis and Bhoga Bumidars.
2. ↑ Pulaha (Light) learned the power of knowledge from sage Sanandana (Darkness) and in turn transmitted all knowledge to sage Gautama (Heaven)
3. ↑ Kamadeva is wed to Ratī, the daughter of Daksha
4. ↑ Son of Marichi
5. ↑ Thus spoke Brahma to him “O Angirasa, you are my third “manasa putra”
6. ↑ Father of Shukra. Was a compatriot of and lived during the time of Manu.
7. ↑ Married to ten daughters of Daksha
8. ↑ Daksha2 sprang from Aditi and Aditi from Daksha1
9. ↑ the charioteer of Surya the sun god
10. ↑ He had in his possession the divine cow Kamadhenu
11. ↑ A descendant of Angiras
won the hand of Ahalya by circumambulating the divine cow
Indra, was fascinated with Gautam's wife, Ahalya. Indra came in the form of Gautam and made love to Ahalya
He was the son of Rahugana
He is descended from Angirasa
12. ↑ Son of Hiranyakashipu
Krishna makes the following statement in regard to Prahlada, showing his favour towards him:
Translation: "Among the Daitya demons I am the devoted Prahlada
Bronchopneumonia

**Bronchopneumonia** is a subtype of pneumonia. It is the acute inflammation of the bronchi, accompanied by inflamed patches in the nearby lobules of the lungs.

It is often contrasted with lobar pneumonia but in clinical practice the types are difficult to apply, as the patterns usually overlap. Bronchopneumonia (lobular) often leads to lobar pneumonia as the infection progresses. The same organism may cause one type of pneumonia in one patient, and another in a different patient.

## Causes

Bronchopneumonia is usually a bacterial pneumonia rather than being caused by viral disease.

It is more commonly a hospital-acquired pneumonia than a community-acquired pneumonia, in contrast to lobar pneumonia.

Bronchopneumonia is less likely than lobar pneumonia to be associated with *Streptococcus pneumoniae*. Rather, the bronchopneumonia pattern has been associated mainly with the following: *Staphylococcus aureus*, *Klebsiella*, *E. coli* and *Pseudomonas*.

## Pathology

Bronchopneumonia may sometimes be diagnosed after death, during autopsy.

On gross pathology there are typically multiple foci of consolidation present in the basal lobes of the human lung, often bilateral. These lesions are 2–4 cm in diameter, grey-yellow, dry, often centered on a bronchiole, poorly delimited, and with the tendency to confluence, especially in children.

Light microscopy typically shows neutrophils in bronchi, bronchioles and adjacent alveolar spaces.

## Treatment

Further information: Pneumonia
Compared to pneumonia in general, the association between the bronchopneumonia pattern and hospital-acquired pneumonia warrants greater consideration of multiple drug resistance in the choice of antibiotics.
Carpet moth

***Trichophaga tapetzella***, the **tapestry moth** or **carpet moth**, is a moth of the family Tineidae. It is found worldwide.

The wingspan is 14–18 mm. The moth flies from June to September depending on the location.

The larvae feed on animal skin, bird nests, pellets, fur, clothing and floor and furniture covering made of animal skin.

Tapestry moths complete their cycles within a year and are more like webbing clothes moths in that they spin webbing in areas where they like to reside. Their speed of development depends entirely upon local temperature, humidity and food supplies.
Decapping complex

The mRNA **decapping complex** is a protein complex in eukaryotic cells responsible for removal of the 5' cap. The active enzyme of the decapping complex is the bilobed Nudix family enzyme Dcp2, which hydrolyzes 5' cap and releases 7mGDP and a 5'-monophosphorylated mRNA. This decapped mRNA is inhibited for translation and will be degraded by exonucleases. The core decapping complex is conserved in eukaryotes. Dcp2 is activated by Decapping Protein 1 (Dcp1) and in higher eukaryotes joined by the scaffold protein VCS. Together with many other accessory proteins, the decapping complex assembles in P-bodies in the cytoplasm.

## Yeast decapping complex

In yeast (*S. cerevisiae*), Dcp2 is joined by the decapping activator Dcp1, the helicase Dhh1, the exonuclease Xrn1, nonsense mediated decay factors Upf1, Upf2, and Upf3, the LSm complex, Pat1, and various other proteins. These proteins all localize to cytoplasmic structures called P-bodies. Notably in yeast there are no translation factors or ribosomal proteins inside P-bodies.

## Metazoan decapping complex

Higher eukaryotes have slightly different members of the decapping complex. The enzyme Dcp2 is still the catalytic subunit along with Dcp1, Xrn1, Upf1-3, the LSm complex, and the Dhh1 ortholog Rck/p-54. Proteins unique to plants and mammals include the beta propeller protein Hedls and the enhancer of decapping Edc3. Structural details of the assembly of this complex are not known, only physical association by immunoprecipitation.
Cosmic Man

In Jungian theory, the **Cosmic Man** is an archetypal figure that appears in creation myths of a wide variety of mythology. Generally, he is described as helpful or positive, and serves as a seed for the creation of the world, such that after death parts of his body became physical parts of the universe. He also represents the oneness of human existence, or the universe.

For example, in Chinese legend, Pangu is thought to have given the natural features of the Earth their form, and when he died his body became the Sacred Mountains of China. The Persian equivalent, Keyumars, released semen when he died, out of which came the first human couple.

In some Jewish legends, Adam was created from dust from the four corners of the Earth, and, when bent down, his head was the East and his feet the West. In another legend, he contained the soul of everybody who would ever be born. In the teachings of *Kabbalah*, such a primordial man is referred to as Adam Kadmon. In Indian mythology, Purusha is a similar figure, who is considered the part of the individual which is immortal.

The Cosmic Man corresponds within Islamic Sufi teachings with al-Insān al-Kāmil, meaning 'The Perfect Being", a honorific title often ascribed to Prophet Muhammad. The concept of al-Insān al-Kāmil was first coined and discussed by Ibn Arabi.

In many myths, the Cosmic Man is not just the beginning but also the final goal of life or creation. This is not necessarily a physical event, but may refer to the identification of the conscious ego with the self.

In the religious sciences of Islam, a more detailed explanation is furnished wherein the first Cosmic Man is identified as Adam. According to the sciences, Adam is a Cosmic Being because, apart from having an all-embracing power over the Universe, he also has the most privileged spiritual rank and status of a human being.
At-a-glance/Inca mythology

See also:

Five Suns
Popol Vuh

## External links

* Treasures of Mexico: The Mixtec, Aztec & Maya Codices that Survived the Conquistadors

## References

1. ↑ the god of death and lord of the Incan underworld
2. ↑ In one legend he had one son, Inti, and two daughters, Mama Quilla and Pachamama
3. ↑ she mothered Inti and Mama Quilla with Viracocha
4. ↑ Consort:
Pacha Kamaq
Offspring:
Inti
Mama Killa
5. ↑ daughter of Viracocha and Mama Cocha, as well as wife and sister of Inti
mother of Manco Capac, Earth maker, Kon and Mama Ocllo
6. ↑ wife of Earth maker or Inti
7. ↑ the god of rain and wind that came from the south. He was a son of Inti (the sun god) and Mama Quilla ("mother moon")
8. ↑ fertility goddess depicted with multiple breasts
9. ↑ he was a son of Inti and Mama Quilla, and husband of Pachamama
10. ↑ Manco Cápac (Ayar Manco) was the son of Viracocha. He and his brothers
(Ayar Auca, Ayar Cachi and Ayar Uchu)
and sisters
(Mama Ocllo, Mama Huaco, Mama Raua and Mama Ipacura)
lived near Cusco at Paqariq Tampu, and they united their people with other tribes encountered in their travels. They sought to conquer the tribes of the Cusco Valley. This legend also incorporates the golden staff
11. ↑ Huallallo Carhuincho
volcanoe god defeated by Pariacaca. Huallallo Carhuincho turned loose the
amaru, a huge two-headed Serpent, but Paria Caca stabbed furiously with his
golden staff and the animal froze, transforming into stone
12. ↑ god of metals, jewels and other underground items of great value. A chimera of serpent and deer
13. ↑ pre-Inca god of water, rain and storms, as well as a god of creation. born a falcon but later became human
14. ↑ 2 headed serpent
15. ↑ was a virgin goddess who ate a fruit, which was actually the sperm of Coniraya
16. ↑ she was a daughter of Inti and Mama Quilla
17. ↑ god of the hearth (plenty?) and wealth
18. ↑ The male sun was opposed and complemented by the female moon, while the
male zigzagging lightning was opposed by the female ccoa cat, which had
streaming hail from its eyes. an active and angry spirit that is greatly feared, not only for the destruction
to crops, but also as the cause of solar and lunar eclipses
At-a-glance/Revelation (Ouranos)

Main articles: Events of Revelation
See also: **Revelation (Ouranos)**, Revelation (Hyperion), Revelation (Michael), Revelation (YHVD), and Revelation (Tyr)
Peter, James, and John saw the vision of Revelation on the Mount of Transfiguration. Each interpreted it differently.

Each stripe is 30 years.

## Image

This is just a png preview. Click on image to see the original svg version.
CUBAC

The use, procuring or offering of a child by others for illegal activities, including the trafficking or production of drugs, is one of the *predefined worst forms of child labour* in terms of the International Labour Organization's Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, adopted in 1999.

It is also known as **Children used by adults in the commission of crime** (CUBAC).

In terms of the Worst Forms of Child Labour Recommendation ratifying countries should ensure that CUBAC is a criminal offence, and also provide for other criminal, civil or administrative remedies to ensure the effective enforcement of such national legislation (Article III(12) to (14)).
Crowd computing

**Crowd computing** is a form of distributed work where tasks that are hard for computers to do, are handled by large numbers of humans distributed across the internet.

It is an overarching term encompassing tools that enable idea sharing, non-hierarchical decision making and utilization of "cognitive surplus" - the ability of the world’s population to collaborate on large, sometimes global projects. Crowd computing combines elements of crowdsourcing, automation, distributed computing, and machine learning.

Prof. Rob Miller of MIT further defines crowd computing as “harnessing the power of people out in the web to do tasks that are hard for individual users or computers to do alone. Like cloud computing, crowd computing offers elastic, on-demand human resources that can drive new applications and new ways of thinking about technology.”

## History

The practice predates the internet. At the end of the 18th century, the British Royal Astronomers distributed spreadsheets by mail, asking the crowd to help them create maps of the stars and the seas. In the United States during the 1930s, when the government employed hundreds of “human computers” to work on the WPA and the Manhattan Project.

The modern day microchip made using large crowds for mechanical computation less attractive in the second half of the twentieth century. However, as the volume of data online grew, it became clear to companies like Amazon and Google that there were some things humans were simply better at doing than machines.
Dangerous animals

This is a **list of the deadliest animals to humans** worldwide, measured by the number of humans killed per year. Different lists have varying criteria and definitions, so lists from different sources disagree and can be contentious. This article contains a compilation of lists from several reliable sources.

## Comparative list

Note: the number for humans is for murder only. Adding in the some 1,250,000 die from road traffic accidents every year, along with suicide, approximately 800,000 per year, would bring humans to the top of the list, without considering other human causes, such as war, other accidents, drug abuse, smoking, alcohol, and human mediated disease.

## Combined list

1. Mosquitoes kill an average of 1 million humans per year mostly from malaria
2. Humans kill an average of 475,000 humans per year mostly from gun violence.
3. Snakes kill an average of 50,000 humans per year from snakebite
4. Dogs kill an average of 25,000 humans per year from dog bites causing rabies
5. Tsetse flies kill an average of 10,000 humans per year from African trypanosomiasis
6. Assassin bugs kill an average of 10,000 humans per year from Chagas disease
7. Freshwater snails kill an average of 10,000 humans per year from schistosomiasis
8. Scorpions kill an average of 3,250 humans per year from venom
9. Ascaris roundworms kill an average of 2,500 humans per year from malnutrition, tissue problems and bowel obstruction
10. Tapeworms kill an average of 2,000 humans per year from infection
11. Crocodiles kill an average of 1,000 humans per year from crocodile attack

## Zoos

Zebras are responsible for more injuries to zoo keepers than any other animal.

## Deadliest species

Another source goes in a different direction, and lists the 15 deadliest animals by species (deadliest first) as: hippopotamus, saltwater crocodile, polar bear, Indian cobra. lion, box jellyfish, elephant, blue-ringed octopus, African buffalo, Komodo dragon, black mamba, fat-tailed scorpion, poison dart frog, leopard, great white shark.
At-a-glance/Revelation (Tyr)

Main articles: Events of Revelation
See also: Revelation (Ouranos), Revelation (Hyperion), Revelation (Michael), Revelation (YHVD), and **Revelation (Tyr)**
Peter, James, and John saw the vision of Revelation on the Mount of Transfiguration. Each interpreted it differently.

And I saw a strong messenger crying with a great voice, `Who is worthy to open the scroll and to loose the seals of it?'.
And I saw, and lo, in the midst of the throne, and of the four living creatures, and in the midst of the elders, Wise Golden Eurynome, having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the Seven Spirits of God, which are sent to all the earth,
and he came and took the scroll out of the right hand of Him who is sitting upon the throne.
And they sing a new song, saying, `Worthy art thou to take the scroll, and to open the seals of it, because thou wast wise, and didst redeem us to God in thy amrita, out of every tribe, and tongue, and people, and nation.

and she shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call him Upser-Nome, for he shall save his people from their sins.'

## Image

This is just a png preview. Click on image to see the original svg version.
Developing happiness

Happiness can be a result of positive external circumstances causing us to feel joy

or

Happiness can come bubbling up from within even in the face of extremely bad external circumstances.

When circumstances make you miserable you can use it as an opportunity to strengthen your happy muscle by simply laughing (It might take quite a bit of effort though. As the muscle strengthens it will get easier).

Note: Cleaning is not the same thing as being happy. Thats totally different. Cleaning is just pretending to be happy, not actually being happy.

I am told that, for some inexplicable reason (I have no idea why), some people consider developing happiness to be a "sexual" act. Developing happiness therefore must wait until young adults are of legal age.

When in a painful and difficult situation people will sometimes resort to clowning around to make things seem less painful. You are much better off exercising your happy muscle than clowning around.
Craving

You desire things because they are desirable but you **crave** things because you think they are forbidden.

When going through a withdrawal period, **craving** is a psychological urge for the substance that is being withheld. This substance can be alcohol or a form of drug but is not limited to these.

## Duration

The duration that cravings last after discontinuation varies substantially between different addictive drugs. For instance, in smoking cessation, a substantial relief is achieved after approximately 6–12 months, but feelings of craving may temporarily appear even after many years following cessation.

Cravings may be triggered by seeing objects or experiencing moments that are associated with the drug or usage of it, and this phenomenon, termed post acute withdrawal syndrome, may linger the rest of the life for some drugs. For the alcohol withdrawal syndrome, the condition gradually improves over a period of months or in severe cases years.
Caramelization

**Caramelization** is the browning of sugar, a process used extensively in cooking for the resulting sweet nutty flavor and brown color. The brown colors are produced by three groups of polymers: caramelans (C24H36O18), caramelens (C36H50O25), and caramelins (C125H188O80). As the process occurs, volatile chemicals such as diacetyl are released, producing the characteristic caramel flavor.

Like the Maillard reaction, caramelization is a type of non-enzymatic browning. Unlike the Maillard reaction, caramelization is  pyrolytic, as opposed to being a reaction with amino acids.

When caramelization involves the disaccharide sucrose, it is broken down into the monosaccharides fructose and glucose.

## Process

Caramelization is a complex, poorly understood process that produces hundreds of chemical products, and includes the following types of reactions:

* equilibration of anomeric and ring forms
* sucrose inversion to fructose and glucose
* condensation reactions
* intramolecular bonding
* isomerization of aldoses to ketoses
* dehydration reactions
* fragmentation reactions
* unsaturated polymer formation

## Effects on caramelization

The process is temperature-dependent. Specific sugars each have their own point at which the reactions begin to proceed readily. Impurities in the sugar, such as the molasses remaining in brown sugar, greatly speed the reactions.

Caramelization temperatures
 Maltose | 180 °C (360 °F)

Caramelization reactions are also sensitive to the chemical environment, and the reaction rate, or temperature at which reactions occur most readily, can be altered by controlling the level of acidity (pH). The rate of caramelization is generally lowest at near-neutral acidity (pH around 7), and accelerated under both acidic (especially pH below 3) and basic (especially pH above 9) conditions.

## Uses in food

Caramelization is used to produce several foods, including:

* Caramel sauce, a sauce made with caramel
* *Confiture de lait* and *Dulce de leche*, caramelized, sweetened milk
* Caramel candies
* Creme Caramel, and the similar Crème Brûlée, a custard dish topped with sugar caramelized with a blowtorch
* Caramelized onions, which are used in dishes like French onion soup. Onions require 30 to 45 minutes of cooking to caramelize.
* Caramelized potatoes
* Caramelized pears
* Cola, of which some brands use caramelized sugar in small amounts for color

Note that the preparation of many caramelized foods also involves the Maillard reaction; particularly recipes involving protein- and/or amino acid-rich ingredients.
2000s

The War on Terror and War in Afghanistan began after the September 11 attacks in 2001. The International Criminal Court was formed in 2002. A United States-led coalition invaded Iraq, and the Iraq War led to the end of Saddam Hussein's rule as Iraqi President and the Ba'ath Party in Iraq. Al-Qaeda and affiliated Islamist militant groups performed terrorist acts throughout the decade. These acts included the 2004 Madrid train bombings, 7/7 London bombings in 2005, and the Mumbai attacks related to al-Qaeda in 2008. The European Union expanded its sanctions amid Iran's failure to comply with its transparency obligations under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and United Nations resolutions.

The War on Terror generated extreme controversy around the world, with questions regarding the justification for certain U.S. actions leading to a loss of support for the American government, both in and outside the United States. Additional armed conflict occurred in the Middle East, including between Israel and Hezbollah, then with Israel and Hamas. The greatest loss of life due to natural disaster came from the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, which caused a tsunami that killed around one quarter-million people and displaced well over a million others. Cooperative international rescue missions by many countries from around the world helped in efforts by the most affected nations to rebuild and recover from the devastation. An enormous loss of life and property value came in 2005, when Hurricane Katrina flooded nearly the entire city of New Orleans. The resulting political fallout was severely damaging to the George W. Bush administration because of its perceived failure to act promptly and effectively. In 2008, Barack Obama was elected President of the United States and became the first African-American U.S. president when he succeeded Bush in 2009.
Chelicerata

The subphylum **Chelicerata** (New Latin, from French *chélicère*, from Greek χηλή, *khēlē* "claw, chela" and κέρας, *kéras* "horn") constitutes one of the major subdivisions of the phylum Arthropoda. It contains the sea spiders, arachnids (including scorpions, spiders, and potentially horseshoe crabs), and several extinct lineages, such as the eurypterids.

The Chelicerata originated as marine animals in the Middle Cambrian period; the first confirmed chelicerate fossils, belonging to *Sanctacaris*, date from 508 million years ago. The surviving marine species include the four species of xiphosurans (horseshoe crabs), and possibly the 1,300 species of pycnogonids (sea spiders), if the latter are indeed chelicerates. On the other hand, there are over 77,000 well-identified species of air-breathing chelicerates, and there may be about 500,000 unidentified species.

Like all arthropods, chelicerates have segmented bodies with jointed limbs, all covered in a cuticle made of chitin and proteins. The chelicerate bauplan consists of two tagmata, the prosoma and the opisthosoma, except that mites have lost a visible division between these sections. The chelicerae, which give the group its name, are the only appendages that appear before the mouth. In most sub-groups, they are modest pincers used to feed. However, spiders' chelicerae form fangs that most species use to inject venom into prey. The group has the open circulatory system typical of arthropods, in which a tube-like heart pumps blood through the hemocoel, which is the major body cavity. Marine chelicerates have gills, while the air-breathing forms generally have both book lungs and tracheae. In general, the ganglia of living chelicerates' central nervous systems fuse into large masses in the cephalothorax, but there are wide variations and this fusion is very limited in the Mesothelae, which are regarded as the oldest and most primitive group of spiders. Most chelicerates rely on modified bristles for touch and for information about vibrations, air currents, and chemical changes in their environment. The most active hunting spiders also have very acute eyesight.

Chelicerates were originally predators, but the group has diversified to use all the major feeding strategies: predation, parasitism, herbivory, scavenging and eating decaying organic matter. Although harvestmen can digest solid food, the guts of most modern chelicerates are too narrow for this, and they generally liquidize their food by grinding it with their chelicerae and pedipalps and flooding it with digestive enzymes. To conserve water, air-breathing chelicerates excrete waste as solids that are removed from their blood by Malpighian tubules, structures that also evolved independently in insects.
Cell-mediated immunity

**Cell-mediated immunity** is an immune response that does not involve antibodies. Rather, cell mediated immunity is the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to antigen.
Historically, the immune system was separated into two branches: humoral immunity, for which the protective function of immunization could be found in the humor (cell-free bodily fluid or serum) and **cellular immunity**, for which the protective function of immunization was associated with cells. CD4 cells or helper T cells provide protection against different pathogens. Naive T cells, which are mature T cells that have yet to encounter an antigen, are converted into activated effector T cells after encountering antigen-presenting cells (APCs). These APCs, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells in some circumstances, load antigenic peptides onto the MHC of the cell, in turn presenting the peptide to receptors on T cells. The most important of these APCs are highly specialized dendritic cells; conceivably operating solely to ingest and present antigens.

Activated Effector T cells can be placed into three functioning classes, detecting peptide antigens originating from various types of pathogen: The first class being 1) Cytotoxic T cells, which kill infected target cells by apoptosis without using cytokines, 2) TH1 cells, which primarily function to activate macrophages, and 3) TH2 cells, which primarily function to stimulate B cells into producing antibodies.

The innate immune system and the adaptive immune system each comprise both humoral and cell-mediated components.

Cellular immunity protects the body through:

* T-cell mediated immunity or T-cell immunity: activating antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells that are able to induce apoptosis in body cells displaying epitopes of foreign antigen on their surface, such as virus-infected cells, cells with intracellular bacteria, and cancer cells displaying tumor antigens;
* Macrophage and natural killer cell action: enabling the destruction of pathogens via recognition and secretion of cytotoxic granules (for natural killer cells) and phagocytosis (for macrophages); and
* Stimulating cells to secrete a variety of cytokines that influence the function of other cells involved in adaptive immune responses and innate immune responses.

Cell-mediated immunity is directed primarily at microbes that survive in phagocytes and microbes that infect non-phagocytic cells. It is most effective in removing virus-infected cells, but also participates in defending against fungi, protozoans, cancers, and intracellular bacteria. It also plays a major role in transplant rejection.
Cellular Abroad

**Cellular Abroad** is a mobile virtual network operator and internet retailer based in Los Angeles that uses GSM technology to provide international wireless voice, messaging and data services. Cellular Abroad sells and rents unlocked international GSM cell phones, portable WiFi hotspots and SIM Cards under the National Geographic Society brand.

## History

Cellular Abroad was founded in 2002 by Sebastian Harrison, son of cult film star and b-movie legend Richard Harrison and grandson of American International Pictures co-founder James H. Nicholson. After operating another successful internet company selling region-free DVD players, Sebastian saw similar market potential for international SIM Cards, and launched www.cellularabroad.com in October 2002, offering early tri-band frequency GSM cell phones and SIM Cards for 25 popular travel destinations.

Cellular Abroad became incorporated in 2004. To compete with the ever-changing mobile device market, Cellular Abroad changed their business model to mostly offer GSM cell phone rentals, and launched the Talk Abroad service for international travelers. The original 'Talk Abroad' SIM offered flat rates for use in over 70 countries, and free inbound calling to the SIM card on a Liechtenstein phone number.

In January 2007, Cellular Abroad negotiated a branding license with the National Geographic Society and went on to launch the National Geographic Talk Abroad Travel Phone, which offered a service similar to the original Talk Abroad SIM, but with a United Kingdom phone number and increased coverage in more than 100 countries.

April 2009 saw the release of the National Geographic Duet Phone; the first FCC approved dual-SIM card cell phone for the U.S. market.

Cellular Abroad started offering portable WiFi hotspots for international travelers in the fall of 2011.

## Products and Services

Cellular Abroad owns and operates the National Geographic Talk Abroad Network, featuring U.K.-and U.S.-based phone numbers, and since 2011 has increased coverage to include more than 200 countries and territories. National Geographic Talk Abroad products include cell phones for rental or purchase and SIM Cards, available from their website.

Cellular Abroad also offers GSM quad band capable handsets with individual prepaid services for Europe, South America, North America, Africa, Asia and Australasia.
Camostat

**Camostat** (INN; development code **FOY-305**) is a serine protease inhibitor. Serine protease enzymes have a variety of functions in the body, and so camostat has a diverse range of uses. It is used in the treatment of some forms of cancer and is also effective against some viral infections, as well as inhibiting fibrosis in liver or kidney disease or pancreatitis. It is approved for use in Japan. A study shows that, in-vitro, Camostat reduces significantly the infection of Calu-3 lung cells by SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19.

## TMPRSS2

**Transmembrane protease, serine 2** is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the *TMPRSS2* gene.

This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the serine protease family. The encoded protein contains a type II transmembrane domain, a receptor class A domain, a scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain and a protease domain. Serine proteases are known to be involved in many physiological and pathological processes. This gene was demonstrated to be up-regulated by androgenic hormones in prostate cancer cells and down-regulated in androgen-independent prostate cancer tissue. The protease domain of this protein is thought to be cleaved and secreted into cell media after autocleavage. The biological function of this gene is unknown.

Some coronaviruses, e.g. both the SARS coronavirus of 2003 and the novel coronavirus of 2019/20 are activated by TMPRSS2 and can thus be inhibited by TMPRSS2 inhibitors.
Desquamation

**Desquamation**, commonly called **skin peeling**, is the shedding of the outermost membrane or layer of a tissue, such as the skin. The term is from Latin  *desquamare*, meaning 'to scrape the scales off a fish'.

## Skin

Normal, nonpathologic desquamation of the skin occurs when keratinocytes, after moving typically over about 14 days, are individually shed unnoticeably. Obvious but nonpathologic visible desquamation can be observed after immersion of the skin in warm or hot water, encouraging the topmost layer of dead skin cells to shed and, as such, is a common result from the use of a hot shower or bath. In pathologic desquamation, such as that seen in X-linked ichthyosis, the stratum corneum becomes thicker (hyperkeratosis), imparting a "dry" or scaly appearance to the skin, and instead of detaching as single cells, corneocytes are shed in clusters, forming visible scales. Desquamation of the epidermis may result from disease or injury of the skin. For example, once the rash of measles fades, there is desquamation. Skin peeling typically follows healing of a first degree burn or sunburn. Toxic shock syndrome, a potentially fatal immune system reaction to a bacterial infection such as *Staphylococcus aureus*, can cause severe desquamation; so can mercury poisoning. Other serious skin diseases involving extreme desquamation include Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Radiation can cause dry or moist desquamation.

Desquamation of skin on hands, caused by scarlet fever infectionDesquamation of skin on fingertips, caused by scarlet feverDesquamation of skin on the finger, caused by the popping of an acute paronychia
## Eyes

Certain eye tissues, including the conjunctiva and cornea, may undergo pathological desquamation in diseases such as dry eye syndrome. The anatomy of the human eye makes desquamation of the lens impossible.

## See also

* Desquamative gingivitis
* Moist desquamation
* Pityriasis—flaking of the skin
* Spalling
* Sunburn
At-a-glance/Sumerian mythology

See also: Apkallu, An = Anum (here), List of Mesopotamian deities, Weidner God List, SUMERIAN DICTIONARY, Mesopotamian Primordials
See also: Canaanite religion

Šassūrātu

Ninkurra (sculpture), Ninagal (smith), Kusibanda (gold/silver), Kusu (purification), Ningirima (snakes), Ninildu (carpentry), Ninzadim

Ninkurra (sculpture), Ninagal (smith), Kulla (brick), Ninmug (metal)

Shuzianna, Nuska, Ninimma, Ennugi, Ninšar, Ninkasi and Isimud

## References

1. ↑ son of Enlil and Ereshkigal; he was born before his father raped the goddess Ninlil.
2. ↑ Son of Ea (Enki)
3. ↑ Son of Marduk
4. ↑ goddess of Irkalla, the land of the dead. She is the mother of the goddess Manungal. Her son with Enlil was the god Namtar. With Gugalana her son was Ninazu.
5. ↑ the son of Enlil and Ninlil
6. ↑ Consort of Enlil. Most commonly she is called the daughter of Haia (god of stores) and Nunbarsegunu (or Ninshebargunnu (a goddess of barley) or Nisaba). Other sources call her a daughter of An and Nammu.

She lived in Dilmun with her family. Raped and ravaged by her (now-present) husband Enlil, who impregnated her with water, she conceived a boy, Nanna/Suen, the future moon god. As punishment Enlil was dispatched to the underworld kingdom of Ereshkigal, where Ninlil joined him.

Enlil impregnated her disguised as the gatekeeper, whereupon she gave birth to their son Nergal, god of death.

In a similar manner she conceived the underworld god Ninazu when Enlil impregnated her disguised as the man of the river of the nether world, a man-devouring river.

Later Enlil disguised himself as the man of the boat, impregnating her with a fourth deity Enbilulu, god of rivers and canals, these act as substitutes for Nanna/Suen to ascend.

In some texts Ninlil is also the mother of Ninurta.
7. ↑ his father, Enlil and his mother, Ninlil. In variant mythology, his mother is said to be the deity Ninhursag.
8. ↑ the son of Enlil and Ninlil
9. ↑ In the Sumerian story Enlil and Ninlil he is a son of Enlil and Ninlil. In Babylonian times he becomes the son of Ea and is connected with Adad.
10. ↑ Her parents are Enki and Ninkurra
At-a-glance/Revelation (Hyperion)

Main articles: Events of Revelation
See also: Revelation (Ouranos), **Revelation (Hyperion)**, Revelation (Michael), Revelation (YHVD), and Revelation (Tyr)
Peter, James, and John saw the vision of Revelation on the Mount of Transfiguration. Each interpreted it differently.

## Image

This is just a png preview. Click on image to see the original svg version.
Abundance of the elements

## Sun and solar system

* **S1** — Sun: Kaye & Laby
* **Y1** — Solar system: Kaye & Laby
* **Y2** — Solar system: Ahrens, with uncertainty s (%)

Atom mole fraction relative to silicon = 1.

## Earth bulk continental crust and upper continental crust

* **C1** — Crust: CRC Handbook
* **C2** — Crust: Kaye and Laby
* **C3** — Crust: Greenwood
* **C4** — Crust: Ahrens (Taylor)
* **C5** — Crust: Ahrens (Wänke)
* **C6** — Crust: Ahrens (Weaver)
* **U1** — Upper crust: Ahrens (Taylor)
* **U2** — Upper crust: Ahrens (Shaw)

## Urban soils

The established abundances of chemical elements in urban soils can be considered a geochemical (ecological and geochemical) characteristic, the accumulated impact of technogenic and natural processes at the beginning of the 21st century. The figures estimate average concentrations of chemical elements in the soils of more than 300 cities and settlements in Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and America. Regardless of significant differences between abundances of several elements in urban soils and those values calculated for the Earth's crust, the element abundances in urban soils generally reflect those in the Earth's crust. With the development of technology the abundances may be refined.

Mass fraction, in mg/kg (ppm).

## Sea water

* **W1** — CRC Handbook
* **W2** — Kaye & Laby

Mass per volume fraction, in kg/L. (The average density of sea water in the surface is 1.025 kg/L)

## Notes

Due to the estimate nature of these values, no single recommendations are given. All values are normalized for these tables. Underlined zeroes indicate figures of indeterminable significance that were present in the source notation.

## References

1. ↑ Vladimir Alekseenko; Alexey Alekseenko (2014). "The abundances of chemical elements in urban soils". *Journal of Geochemical Exploration* **147**: 245–249. . .
Diffuse alveolar damage

**Diffuse alveolar damage** is a histological pattern in lung disease. It is seen in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI) and acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP).

## Cause

Diffuse alveolar damage is associated primarily with ARDS and TRALI in adults, and hyaline membrane disease in neonates.
It is most commonly associated with infection. For example, diffuse alveolar damage has been reported in the lungs of individuals dying from COVID-19.

## Diagnosis

Diagnosis of ARDS is based on clinical manifestation and its severity is evaluated with ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FIO2).

## Prevalence

It is a common biopsy finding. Through histology, diffuse alveolar damage goes through several stages:

1. Exudative phase - similar to pulmonary edema. The alveoli become flooded with exudate
2. Hyaline membrane production. Hyaline membranes are fibrinous structures resulting from organization of the exudate.
3. Organising phase
Dimensional analysis

See also: Natural units
From Wikipedia:Dimensional analysis:
Any physical law that accurately describes the real world must be independent of the units (e.g. km or mm) used to measure the physical variables.

Consequently, every possible commensurate equation for the physics of the system can be written in the form

a
0

⋅

D
0

=
(

a
1

⋅

D
1

)

p
1

(

a
2

⋅

D
2

)

p
2

.
.
.
(

a
n

⋅

D
n

)

p
n

{\displaystyle a\_0 \cdot D\_0 = (a\_1 \cdot D\_1)^{p\_1} (a\_2 \cdot D\_2)^{p\_2}...(a\_n \cdot D\_n)^{p\_n}}

The dimension, Dn, of a physical quantity can be expressed as a product of the basic physical dimensions length (L), mass (M), time (T), electric current (I), absolute temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J), each raised to a rational power.

Suppose we wish to calculate the range of a cannonball when fired with a vertical velocity component

V

y

{\displaystyle V\_\mathrm{y}}

 and a horizontal velocity component

V

x

{\displaystyle V\_\mathrm{x}}

, assuming it is fired on a flat surface.

The quantities of interest and their dimensions are then

range as Lx

V

x

{\displaystyle V\_\mathrm{x}}

 as Lx/T

V

y

{\displaystyle V\_\mathrm{y}}

 as Ly/T
g as Ly/T2
The equation for the range may be written:

r
a
n
g
# e
(

V
x

)
a

(

V
y

)
b

(
g

)
c

{\displaystyle range = (V\_x)^a (V\_y)^b (g)^c}

Therefore

L

x

=
(

L

x

/

T

)
a

(

L

y

/

T

)
b

(

L

y

/

T

2

)
c

{\displaystyle \mathsf{L}\_\mathrm{x} = (\mathsf{L}\_\mathrm{x}/\mathsf{T})^a\,(\mathsf{L}\_\mathrm{y}/\mathsf{T})^b (\mathsf{L}\_\mathrm{y}/\mathsf{T}^2)^c\,}

and we may solve completely as

# a
1

{\displaystyle a = 1}

,

# b
1

{\displaystyle b=1}

 and

# c
−
1

{\displaystyle c=-1}

.
Denaturation

When food is cooked, some of its proteins become denatured. This is why boiled eggs become hard and cooked meat becomes firm.

A classic example of denaturing in proteins comes from egg whites, which are typically largely egg albumins in water. Fresh from the eggs, egg whites are transparent and liquid. Cooking the thermally unstable whites turns them opaque, forming an interconnected solid mass. The skin that forms on curdled milk is another common example of denatured protein. The cold appetizer known as ceviche is prepared by chemically "cooking" raw fish and shellfish in an acidic citrus marinade, without heat.

When preparing proteins for consumption, there are three ways of denaturing the proteins: heating, acids, and mechanical force (e.g. whisking eggs). All three methods have the same result: hydrogen bonds in the proteins are broken allowing the proteins to "unwind". When the proteins are unwound, they have been altered from their natural state and are considered denatured. Once denatured, the proteins are free to interact with other chemicals in the food like the Maillard reaction or recombine with itself to coagulate.

 Sarcoplasmic proteins
 Connective tissue

Bacteria are on the outer surface of all meats and require a **surface** temperature of 165°F to kill them. Ground meats of all kinds require an **internal** temperature of 165°F to kill all bacteria.

Pork should be cooked to **at least** 145°F and allowed to sit for 3 minutes before eating.

Chicken must be cooked to 165°F because of Campylobacter and Salmonella bacteria.

Denaturation temperature
 Sarcoplasmic proteins
 Collagen

## Color

The red color of meat comes from myoglobin not from hemoglobin.

 Pink
 Brown

## Milk

Denaturation temperature
 Albumin
 Casein
Congressional committees

A congressional committee is a legislative sub-organization in the United States Congress that handles a specific duty (rather than the general duties of Congress). Committee membership enables members to develop specialized knowledge of the matters under their jurisdiction. As "little legislatures", the committees monitor on-going governmental operations, identify issues suitable for legislative review, gather and evaluate information, and recommend courses of action to their parent body. Woodrow Wilson once wrote, "it is not far from the truth to say that Congress in session is Congress on public exhibition, whilst Congress in its committee rooms is Congress at work." It is neither expected nor possible that a member of Congress be an expert on all matters and subject areas that come before Congress. Congressional committees provide valuable informational services to Congress by investigating and reporting about specialized subjects.

Congress divides its legislative, oversight, and internal administrative tasks among approximately 200 committees and subcommittees. Within assigned areas, these functional subunits gather information; compare and evaluate legislative alternatives; identify policy problems and propose solutions; select, determine, and report measures for full chamber consideration; monitor executive branch performance (oversight); and investigate allegations of wrongdoing. While this investigatory function is important, procedures such as the House discharge petition process (the process of bringing a bill onto the floor without a committee report or mandatory consent from its leadership) are so difficult to implement that committee jurisdiction over particular subject matter of bills has expanded into semi-autonomous power. Of the 73 discharge petitions submitted to the full House from 1995 through 2007, only one was successful in securing a definitive yea-or-nay vote for a bill.

The growing autonomy of committees has fragmented the power of each congressional chamber as a unit. This dispersion of power has possibly weakened the legislative branch relative to the other two branches of the federal government, the executive branch and the judiciary branch. In his often cited article History of the House of Representatives, written in 1961, American scholar George B. Galloway (1898–1967) wrote: "In practice, Congress functions not as a unified institution, but as a collection of semi-autonomous committees that seldom act in unison." Galloway went on to cite committee autonomy as a factor interfering with the adoption of a coherent legislative program. Such autonomy remains a characteristic feature of the committee system in Congress today