recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
JPInstitute.com

File:Jurassic logo.webp
File:JPI Home Page!.webp
The **JPInstitute.com** was an expansive Jurassic Park-based website launched by Universal Studios that opened on June 12, 2001 and closed down in 2006. The site contained a database about dinosaurs as well as games and activities. The main point of the website was to "create the ultimate dinosaur experience". Also abbreviated as "JPI", the website itself was to have a school program where kids could learn about dinosaurs.

The ultimate goal of the Institute was to be "factual and scientifically accurate" by consulting with some of the world's leading paleontologists at the time.

## Dinopedia

The Dinopedia was a section that contained a list of dinosaurs from A-Z. It was the last remaining page of the website that could be viewed up until recently. It was transferred to Yahoo Kids for a minimal time, but has since disappeared.

Parts of the Dinopedia and site can be found at the Wayback machine.

The dinosaur profiles were copied nearly exactly to the Jurassic Park III website's dinosaur profiles when it opened, including some of the Institute artwork.

## Dino News

The Dino News was a page where all of the latest dinosaur information was added.

## Dino of the Day

The "Dino of the Day" was a small link on the home page that featured a different dinosaur each day, and you were able to get information on that particular dinosaur.

## Dinotainment

The "Dinotainment" (portmanteau: dinosaur and entertainment) was a link for entertainment. The page had crafts, games, cards and more. The page was going to have a user name setting, but it never opened.

## Dino Guides

The Dino Guides was a page on the JPI from which you could study dinosaur eggs, and more subjects relating to dinosaurs.

## Dino Lab

File:Dino Lab Research Center.webp
The Dino Lab could be entered through the round green button in the middle of the screen. It leads you to this movie. It shows a computer screen on which you've to click. The commentary says: *Congratulations!* *You have been accepted to the official Jurassic Park* *Institute field study program. As a member of the* *team, please report to the Dino Lab Research Center* *so that you may choose your assignment and learn* *more about the many adventures ahead.*

The movie shows that you are transported to the Dino Lab Research Center by helicopter. After you arrived you can enter the Dino Lab.

## Closure

As of 2022, no official press has been released regarding the closure of the website.

## Links

https://web.archive.org/web/20080509190557/http://kids.yahoo.com/dinosaurs/

1. ↑ https://thejournal.com/articles/2001/12/01/universal-launches-jurassic-park-institute.aspx
2. ↑ http://web.archive.org/web/20031011042141/http://www.jpinstitute.com/dinopedia/index.jsp
Damalasaurus

**"Damalasaurus"** (meaning "Damala lizard") is the informal name given to a genus of herbivorous dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic, (Bajocian stage, around 160 to 175 million years ago). It was a sauropod, though its exact classification within the clade is unknown. Fossils of "Damalasaurus" have been found in China. Found in Tibet, the name was coined by Zhao in 1985 and two possible species Damalasaurus laticostalis and D. magnus are known, but there is no description of either. Apparently they could have been related to Euhelopus or Brachiosaurus .

The type species, "Damalasaurus laticostalis", is a *nomen nudum* named from fossils recovered in Tibet. A second species, "D. magnus", also exists. Neither species has ever been fully described, though the name was published (by Zhao) in 1983.

## References

* "Damalasaurus" in the Dinosaur Encyclopedia at DinoRuss' Lair
* "Damalasaurus"
Calamospondylus

*Calamospondylus oweni*

***Calamospondylus*** (meaning "quill vertebrae") is a theropod dinosaur genus. It lived during the Early Cretaceous, and its fossils were found in England. The type species, *Calamospondylus oweni*, was described by amateur paleontologist Reverend William Darwin Fox in 1866, but is based on fragmentary material. It has been part of a confusing taxonomic issue also involving *Aristosuchus* and *Calamosaurus* (which was also named "Calamospondylus", but then renamed).

## Description

*Calamospondylus* was a small dinosaur at 1 meter in length. It had a full body covering of feathers, including wings and long tail feathers, as well as a beak. it would likely have been omnivorous eating mostly insects and some plant mater as well as some dinosaurs. It was the pheasant of the early cretaceous.

## Classification

*C. oweni* was named by William D. Fox (1866) based on a sacrum and pelvis, meaning "quill vertebrae". Authors such as Woodward and Sherborn (1890), Swinton (1936) and Steel (1970) regard *C. oweni* as a nomen nudum based on the same remains as the holotype of *Aristosuchus*. Naish (2002) notes, based on discrepancies between the specimens and letters between Richard Owen and William Fox, that they are named from different specimens.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.nhbs.com/encyclopedia-of-paleoherpetology-part-17a-pelycosauria-book
2. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229293026\_The\_historical\_taxonomy\_of\_the\_Lower\_Cretaceous\_theropods\_Dinosauria\_Calamospondylus\_and\_Aristosuchus\_from\_the\_Isle\_of\_Wight
3. ↑ https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.394.8883&rep=rep1&type=pdf
4. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309725903\_English\_Wealden\_Fossils
Fulgurotherium

*Fulgurotherium australe*

Fulgurotherium (meaning "Lightning Beast") is the name given to a genus of dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous (Albian). It lived in what is now Australia.

## Description

The type species, *Fulgurotherium australe*, was named and formalised by Friedrich von Huene in 1932 but the animal may be a chimera based on multiple species of Ornithopods. The genus name is derived from Latin, Fulguro, meaning "lightning", and Greek, therium, meaning "beast", a reference to the Lightning Ridge site in New South Wales. The specific name means "southern" in Latin. The holotype is **BMNH R.3719**, which is the opalised lower end of a femur, indicating a total body length of 1 to 1.5 metres. Von Huene thought it was a theropod, a member of the Ornithomimidae.

It has later been described as a hypsilophodont, a primitive ornithopod. However, this was based on a contentious reference of bones found in the Dinosaur Cave, leading to a possible confusion between multiple species of Euornithopoda. Most researchers today consider it a nomen dubium. Fulgurotherium was a hypsilophodont, a primitive ornithopod.

## JPInstitute.com Description

Fulgurotherium was one of the earlier dinosaur discoveries in Australia and has helped establish and identify other members of this family within the country.

## Links

https://web.archive.org/web/20031006235254fw\_/http://www.jpinstitute.com/dinopedia/dinocards/dc\_fulgu.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20080706160839/http://kids.yahoo.com/dinosaurs/315--Fulgurotherium
Dinosaur Earth

Dinosaur Earth is a website that used dinosaurs images from Jurassic Park Institute. It also has new prehistoric beings such as *Agustinia*, *Amphicoelias*, *Echizensaurus*, and *Saurosuchus*.

## Prehistoric Animals

* *Abrictosaurus*
* *Acanthopholis*
* *Achelousaurus*
* *Achillobator*
* *Adasaurus*
* *Aegyptosaurus*
* *Aeolosaurus*
* *Afrovenator*
* *Agilisaurus*
* *Agustinia*
* *Albertosaurus*
* *Alectrosaurus*
* *Algoasaurus*
* *Allosaurus*
* *Altispinax* (under the name of *Becklespinax*)
* *Alvarezsaurus*
* *Alwalkeria*
* *Ammosaurus*
* *Ampelosaurus*
* *Amphicoelias*
* *Amygdalodon*
* *Anasazisaurus*
* *Anchiceratops*
* *Anchisaurus*
* *Andesaurus*
* *Ankylosaurus*
* *Anserimimus*
* *Antarctosaurus*
* *Aragosaurus*
* *Aralosaurus*
* *Archaeoceratops*
* *Archaeopteryx*
* *Archaeornithoides*
* *Archaeornithomimus*
* *Argentinosaurus*
* *Argyrosaurus*
* *Aristosuchus*
* *Arstanosaurus*
* *Atlasaurus*
* *Atlascopcosaurus*
* *Aublysodon*
* *Aucasaurus*
* *Austrosaurus*
* *Bactrosaurus*
* *Bagaceratops*
* *Bambiraptor*
* *Barapasaurus*
* *Barsboldia*
* *Beipiaosaurus*
* *Bellusaurus*
* *Blikanasaurus*
* *Borogovia*
* *Bothriospondylus*
* *Brachiosaurus*
* *Brachyceratops*
* *Brachylophosaurus*
* *Brachypodosaurus*
* *Breviceratops*
* *Brontosaurus*
* *Bruhathkayosaurus*
* *Caenagnathasia*
* *Carcharodontosaurus*
* *Carnotaurus*
* *Caseosaurus*
* *Cetiosauriscus*
* *Chaoyangsaurus*
* *Chasmosaurus*
* *Chialingosaurus*
* *Chindesaurus*
* *Chirostenotes*
* *Chubutisaurus*
* *Chungkingosaurus*
* *Conchoraptor*
* *Cryolophosaurus*
* *Daspletosaurus*
* *Datousaurus*
* *Dimetrodon*
* *Diplodocus*
* *Diplotomodon*
* *Dravidosaurus*
* *Dryptosaurus*
* *Echinodon*
* *Echizensaurus*
* *Edmontonia*
* *Elmisaurus*
* *Emausaurus*
* *Enigmosaurus*
* *Eolambia*
* *Eotyrannus*
* *Epachthosaurus*
* *Erectopus*
* *Erlikosaurus*
* *Eucnemesaurus* (under the name of *Aliwalia*)
* *Euoplocephalus*
* *Euskelosaurus*
* *Fabrosaurus*
* *Fukuiraptor*
* *Fukuisaurus*
* *Fulgurotherium*
* *Futabasaurus*
* *Gargoyleosaurus*
* *Gasosaurus*
* *Gasparinisaura*
* *Gastonia*
* *Geranosaurus*
* *Gilmoreosaurus*
* *Gorgosaurus*
* *Gryposaurus*
* *Hadrosaurus*
* *Haplocanthosaurus*
* *Herrerasaurus*
* *Homalocephale*
* *Huayangosaurus*
* *Hypacrosaurus*
* *Iguanodon*
* *Indosaurus*
* *Irritator*
* *Jainosaurus*
* *Janenschia*
* *Kakuru*
* *Kentrosaurus*
* *Kotasaurus*
* *Lesothosaurus*
* *Maiasaura*
* *Megalosaurus*
* *Neuquenraptor* (under the name of *Araucanaraptor*)
* *Pachycephalosaurus*
* *Psittacosaurus*
* *Scipionyx*
* *Stegosaurus*
* *Suchomimus*
* *Supersaurus/Dystylosaurus*
* *Therizinosaurus*
* *Thescelosaurus/Bugenasaura*
* *Torvosaurus/Edmarka*
* *Triceratops*
* *Tyrannosaurus rex/Dinotyrannus*
* *Velociraptor*

## Behind the Scenes

* The *Chungkingosaurus* image is used from the game *Jurassic World Evolution*.
Drinker

*Drinker nisti*

Drinker was a small, plant-eating dinosaur that probably scurried through the forests and swampy shores of lakes. This small dinosaur had large feet to help it move quickly and quietly. It was discovered by Dr. Robert Bakker, and he named if for Edward Drinker Cope, who was a famous dinosaur paleontologist in the late 1800s.

Drinker had a fairly primitive design. It was probably a fairly common dinosaur in its time and may be a basal dinosaur for the hypsilophondontids. It is known from three partial skeletons

## Links

https://web.archive.org/web/20040214163916fw\_/http://www.jpinstitute.com/dinopedia/dinocards/dc\_drink.html#
Lycaenops

*Lycaenops* is a carnivorous Therapsid from late Permian South Africa. It was about 3 feet (1 meter) long, the size of a medium-sized dog. It had a narrow skull and vaguely saber-like traits. *Lycaenops* was found in the Karoo; it was described by Robert Broom in 1925, and later re-desribed more fully by E.H. Colbert in 1948.

## Description

*Lycaenops* measured about 1 m (3 ft) and weighed up to 15 kg (33 lb). Like the modern-day wolves from which it takes its name, *Lycaenops* had a long and slender skull, with a set of dog-like fangs set into both its upper and lower jaws. These pointed canine teeth were ideal for the use of stabbing and/or tearing at the flesh of any large prey that it came upon. *Lycaenops* most likely hunted small vertebrates such as reptiles and dicynodonts.

*Lycaenops* walked and ran with its long legs held close to its body. This is a feature found in mammals, but not in more primitive amniotes, early reptiles, and synapsids such as pelycosaurs, whose legs are positioned to the sides of their bodies. The ability to move like a mammal would have given *Lycaenops* an advantage over other land vertebrates, since it would have been able to outrun them.

## Species

The type species *Lycaenops ornatus* was named by South African paleontologist Robert Broom in 1925. Several other species have also been referred to the genus, including *L. angusticeps*, which was originally named *Scymnognathus angusticeps*, *L. kingwilli*, which was originally named *Tigricephalus kingwilli* and is now placed in the genus *Aelurognathus*, and *L. tenuirostris*, which was originally named *Tangagorgon tenuirostris* and is now in the genus *Cyonosaurus*. Two additional species, *L. microdon* and *L. sollasi*, were added to *Lycaenops* after having been classified as species of *Aelurognathus*. The species *L. minor* is now considered a synonym of *L. sollasi*.

## Appearance in other media

### Jurassic Park Franchise

Lycaenops never appears in the novels or the movies. It does appear in some toy lines.
Kannemeyeria

***Kannemeyeria simocephalus*** was a large dicynodont of the family Kannemeyeriidae, one of the first representatives of the family, and hence one of the first large herbivores of the Triassic. It lived during the later Early and early Middle part of the Triassic period (from the late Olenekian to the Middle Anisian age).

## Description

*Kannemeyeria* was about 3 m (10 ft) in length, about the size of an ox. It was well-adapted to living as a herbivore; it had a powerful beak and strong jaw muscles built for shearing plant material. Although it had a large head, it was lightweight due to the size of the eye sockets and nasal cavity. It also had limb girdles which formed massive plates of bone that helped support its heavily built body.

## Distribution

Various species of the genus *Kannemeyeria* are known from South Africa, Argentina, India, and (either this or a similar genus) China, and it can be assumed that, like many animals of this time, it had worldwide distribution.

### *The Land Before Time*

* in *The Land Before Time: Preschool Adventure*, it appeared in the four-legged creature valley of 'Cera's Creature Categories' minigame.
Bihariosaurus

*Bihariosaurus bauxiticus*

Bihariosaurus was a extinct genus of herbivorous iguanodont. It lived in the Cretaceous period and inhabited Europe. Its fossils have been found in places such as Arad (Romania). It lived in the Bauxite of Cornet Formation alongside *Hypsilophodon*. The type species, "Bihariosaurus bauxiticus", was named but not described by Marinescu in 1989. It was similar to Camptosaurus, and was an iguanodont. The original publication of the taxon did not include sufficient description, and the illustrations cannot distinguish it from any other ornithopod.
Epachthosaurus

*Epachthosaurus sciuttoi*

***Epachthosaurus*** is a titanosaur from late Cretaceous Argentina during the Cenomanian and Turonian ages. Previously known from incomplete material, but a newly discovered skeleton will show us many more details of this titanosaur. The type and only species of this genus is named *E. scuittoi*.

## Description

*Epachthosaurus* was a quite large titanosaur, with a morphology that resembles other members of its clade with a thick neck and a proportionally short tail. It was 59 feet (18 meters) and weighed 3 tons (6,000 lbs).

The bones assigned to it by Powell in 1990 were, originally, assigned to *Antarctosaurus* sp., and then to *Argyrosaurus superbus?, before being named as a new taxon.*

### Distinguishing characteristics

Below is a list of autapomorphies that distinguish *Epachthosaurus* from other genera:[2]

* middle and caudal dorsal vertebrae with unique articular processes extending ventrolaterally from the hyposphene;
* a strongly developed intraprezygapophyseal lamina, and processes projecting laterally from the dorsal portion of the spinodiapophyseal lamina;
* hyposphene-hypan-trum articulations in caudals 1–14;

and a pedal phalangeal formula of 2-2-3-2-0.

The genus shares the following apomorphies with various titanosaurians:[2]

* caudal vertebrae with ventrally expanded posterior centrodiapophyseal laminae;
* six sacral vertebrae;
* an ossified ligament or tendon above the sacral neural spines;
* procoelous proximal, middle, and distal caudal centra with well-developed distal articular condyles;
* semilunar sternal plates with cranioventral ridges;
* humeri with squared proximolateral margins and proximolateral processes;
* unossified carpals;
* greatly reduced manual phalanges;
* nearly horizontal, craniolaterally expanded iliac preacetabular processes;
* pubes proximodistally longer than ischia;
* and transversely expanded ischia.

## Classification

Epachthosaurus is considered to be the most basal titanosaurian known with procoelous caudal vertebrae.

Below is a phylogenetical cladogram showing the position of Epachthosaurus within Titanosauria:

The cladogram below follows Mocho et al. (2019), placing Epachthosaurus within Lithostrotia, instead of a basal titanosaur.

## JPInstitute.com Description

Epachthosaurus is one of the giant titanosaurs of South America. These huge plant-eaters, the last of the long-necked sauropod dinosaurs, spread from South America through the rest of the world in the last part of the Cretaceous period.

Unlike the other titanosaurs, Epachthosaurus appears to have lacked dermal plates. Very little material is known from this dinosaur, primarily vertebrae and parts of the hip.

## Links

https://web.archive.org/web/20040214170813fw\_/http://www.jpinstitute.com/dinopedia/dinocards/dc\_epach.html
Borogovia

*Borogovia gracilicrus*

**Borogovia** (meaning borogove, which is a fictional creature from Lewis Carroll's "Jabberwocky") is a Troodontid from late Cretaceous Mongolia, which lived from 70 to 65 million years ago. It was about 6.6 feet (2 meters) long and weighed about as much as a beaver.  Known from hind-limb material, and thought by some to be a species of Saurornithoides. It had a similar appearance to that of the Dromaeosauroides.

## Description

In 1971, a Polish-Mongolian expedition discovered at the Altan Ula IV site, in the Nemegt Basin of Ömnögovĭ province, the remains of a small theropod. The find was in 1982 reported by Halszka Osmólska and considered by her a possible specimen of *Saurornithoides*.[1] Later she concluded it represented a species new to science.

In 1987, Osmólska named and described the type species *Borogovia gracilicrus*. The generic name is derived from the fantasy creatures known as 'borogoves' in the Lewis Carroll poem Jabberwocky, part of his Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. The specific name is a combination of Latin gracilis, "lightly built", and crus, "shin", in reference to the elegant build of the lower leg.[2]

The holotype specimen, ZPAL MgD-I/174, was found in the Nemegt Formation, dating from the early Maastrichtian. It consists of two lower legs of a single individual, including fragments of both tibiotarsi, the undersides of both metatarsi and the second, third and fourth toes of each foot.[2]

The tibiotarsi have an estimated length of twenty-eight centimetres. *Borogovia* is about two meters (6 feet) long, weighing some twenty kilograms (forty-five pounds). The tibiotarsus is very elongated. The third toe is narrow. The second phalanx of the second toe is short. The claw of the second toe is short and relatively flat. Osmólska claimed that the second toe could not be hyperextended and suggested that it had regained a weight-bearing function, compensating for the weakness of the third toe.[2]

*Borogovia* was by Osmólska assigned to the Troodontidae in 1987.

## JPInstitute.com Description

Borogovia was a small meat-eater from Asia that was very closely related to Troodon.

Like its North American cousin, Borogovia would have had a large brain and been a swift hunter. This theory is based mostly on what scientists know about Troodon, however, as only part of one of its legs and most of a foot have been found.

Discovered in 1971, Borogovia was originally described as a species of Saurornithoides, but later study placed it in the troodontid family. It appears to have been a more gracile form based on how thin one of the toes appears. There also appears to be a minor pathology that indicates that the type specimen was injured. Like Troodon, Borogovia is categorized as a bird-like dinosaur and may have been feathered.

Borogovia was named after "Borogove", a creature from the Alice in Wonderland fairytale.

## Links

http://web.archive.org/web/20031008033604fw\_/http://www.jpinstitute.com/dinopedia/dinocards/dc\_borog.html#

## References

https://novataxa.blogspot.com/2021/12/borogovia.html
Alvarezsaurus

*Alvarezsaurus calvois*

***Alvarezsaurus*** (/ˌælvərɛzˈsɔrəs/; "Alvarez's lizard") is a genus of small alvarezsaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous period of Argentina, approximately 86 - 83 million years ago. Estimates suggest that it measured about 2 meters (6.5 ft) in length and weighed approximately 20 kg (45 lbs). It was found in the Bajo de la Carpa Formation and was named by paleontologist José Bonaparte in 1991 after the historian Don Gregorio Alvarez. The type species is *A. calvoi,* and is the only known species of the genus so far.

## Description

Alvarezsaurus was a small theropod with a single claw on each hand, a long tail, and a very feathery coat. Its leg structure also suggests a lifestyle of fast running, either used for evading predators or chasing prey; it is unknown which of these two uses the speed was prioritized for. Estimates measure the creature at about 2 meters (6.5 ft) in length and weighed approximately 20 kg (45 lbs).

Given its morphology and related genera, it was likely an insectivore, but may have also hunted small animals as well.

The type species is *A. calvoi*. It was bipedal, had a long tail and its leg structure suggests that it was a fast runner. It may have been insectivorous and was basal to better-known members of its family, such as *Mononykus* and *Shuvuuia*. It has been alternately classified with both non-avian theropod dinosaurs and early birds.

## Classification

*Alvarezsaurus* is considered basal to better-known members of its family, such as *Mononykus* and *Shuvuuia*. It has been alternately classified with both non-avian theropod dinosaurs and early birds, but a move of the alvarezsaurids to be recognized as more closely related to neornithine birds proved controversial despite being supported by earlier studies. It was once believed that the Patagonian alvarezsaur taxa were the most basal of their family, but the discovery of a more basal member, *Haplocheirus*, disproved that when its fossils were discovered in China.

## Dinosaur Earth Description

Alvarezsaurus was a small South American bird-like dinosaur that was a plant eater. What makes this strange is that it belongs to the family of dinosaurs known as theropods. This family includes T. rex and Velociraptor. Until the last few years, it was believed that all theropods were meat eating dinosaurs. Recent discoveries like Alvarezsaurus and Therizinosaurus are leading scientists to believe that during the late
Cretaceous some theropods became plant eaters. Until recently, Alvarezsaurus was considered by some to be more bird than dinosaur and it was often excluded from dinosaur genera. It was most likely feathered and looked like many of the ornithomimids. The most recent
studies have placed it into the dinosaurian genera.
Asiaceratops

***Asiaceratops*** (meaning "Asian horned face") is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaur. It lived during the Late Cretaceous. Its fossils have mainly been found in Uzbekistan; a referred species is known from China and Mongolia.

## Discovery and naming

The type species, *Asiaceratops salsopaludalis*, was formally described by Lev Nesov, L.F. Kaznyshkina and Gennadiy Olegovich Cherepanov in 1989. The generic name combines a reference to Asia with *~ceratops*, "horned face". The specific name means "of the salt marsh" in Latin. In the same publication *Microceratops sulcidens* Bohlin 1953 was renamed into a second species of *Asiaceratops*: *Asiaceratops sulcidens*.[1]

The holotype of *Asiaceratops salsopaludalis*, **CCMGE 9/12457**, was found in Uzbekistan in a layer of the Khodzhakul Formation dating from the early Cenomanian, about ninety-nine million years old. It consists of a part of a left maxilla. Some other fragments were in 1989 referred to the species, among them teeth and a phalanx. In 1995 Nesov referred more material, from three Uzbek sites, mostly skull elements and a partial humerus, of individuals of different ages.[2]

*Asiaceratops* has often been considered a *nomen dubium*, in view of the limited holotype material.[3]

## Classification

*Asiaceratops* belonged to the Ceratopsia (the name is Greek for "horned faces"), a group of herbivorous dinosaurs with parrot-like beaks which thrived in North America and Asia during the Cretaceous Period, which ended roughly 66 million years ago. All ceratopsians became extinct at the end of this era.

In 1995 Nesov assigned *Asiaceratops* to a Asiaceratopsinae of its own.[2] Recent cladistic analyses indicated, despite the presumed status as a *nomen dubium*, a basal position in the Leptoceratopsidae.[4]

## Diet

*Asiaceratops*, like all ceratopsians, was an herbivore. During the Cretaceous, flowering plants were "geographically limited on the landscape", and so it is likely that this dinosaur fed on the predominant plants of the era: ferns, cycads, and conifers. It would have used its sharp Ceratopsian beak to bite off the leaves or needles.
Kileskus

*Kileskus aristotocus*

***Kileskus*** (meaning *lizard* in the Khakas language) is a genus of tyrannosauroid dinosaur known frompartial remains found in Middle Jurassic (Bathonian stage) rocks of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. Fossils recovered include the holotype maxilla, a premaxilla, a surangular, and a few bones from the hand and foot. The skull bones are similar to those of Proceratosaurus. The type species is *K. aristotocus*. *Kileskus* was named in 2010 by Averianov and colleagues. They performed a phylogenetic analysis and found it to be a basal proceratosaurid.

## History

*Kileskus* is a case study in the subtleties of theropod paleontology: technically, this middle Jurassic dinosaur is classified as a "tyrannosauroid" rather than a "tyrannosaurid," which means it almost, but didn't quite, belong to the exact same evolutionary line that evolved into animals like *Tyrannosaurus*. (In fact, Kileskus' closest relative seems to have been Proceratosaurus, which isn't recognized by most amateurs as a true tyrannosaur, though paleontologists might disagree.) However you choose to describe it, the (possibly feathered) *Kileskus* was clearly near the top of the food chain in its central Asian habitat, even if it was decidedly shrimpy compared to later tyrannosaurs.

## Classification

Kileskus has been included in two phylogenetic analyses and found to be a basal proceratosaurid both times.

Although it is unknown whether Kileskus sported a nasal crest, it can be assigned to Proceratosauridae due to a number of other features. These include elongated external nares, a short ventral margin of the premaxilla, and the area of the antorbital fossa directly below the antorbital fenestra being deeper than the maxilla directly below it. Kileskus also shares with Proceratosaurus nares inclined posterodorsally at a 40 degree angle to the skull. Kileskus is distinguished from other proceratosaurids by the anterior rim of its maxilla being confluent with the ascending process of the maxilla and gently sloping posterodorsally.

## Appearance in other media

### *Jurassic Park*

* Kileskus appeared in the Jurassic World toys.
Eryops

*Eryops megacephalus*

***Eryops megacephalus*** (pron.: /ˈɛəri.ɒps/) meaning "drawn-out face" because most of its skull was in front of its eyes (Greek ἐρύειν, eryein = drawn-out + ὤψ, ops = face) is a genus of extinct, semi-aquatic temnospondyl amphibian found primarily in the Lower Permian-aged Admiral Formation (about 295 mya) of Archer County, Texas, but fossils are also found in New Mexico and parts of the eastern United States. *Eryops* also occurs in older Pennsylvanian strata of the Conemaugh Group in West Virginia
*Eryops* averaged a little over 1.5-2.0 meters (5–6 feet) long, making it one of the largest land animals of its time. It weighed about 90 kilograms (200 lbs). It probably had few predators, although it would have likely been preyed upon by *Dimetrodon*, which was larger and was the apex predator at the time. Several complete skeletons of *Eryops* have been found in the Lower Permian deposits, but skull bones and teeth are the most common fossils.
*Eryops* was better adapted to a terrestrial environment than its ancestors. Sturdy limbs and a strong spine supported its body while out of water.

## Appearance in other media

### Jurassic Park Franchise

* *Eryops* features in Jurassic World: The Game as a tournament creature.
Elmisaurus

*Elmisaurus rarus*

***Elmisaurus*** is an extinct genus of dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous. It was a theropod belonging to the Oviraptorosauria. Its fossils have been found in Mongolia. It is known from foot and hand bones.

## Discovery

In 1970 a paleontological Polish-Mongolian expedition discovered two fragmentary specimens of a small theropod in the Ömnögovĭ province of Mongolia. The type species, *Elmisaurus rarus*, was named and described by Halszka Osmólska in 1981. The generic name is derived from Mongol '**elmyi'** or '**ölmyi'**, "foot sole", as the type specimen consisted of a metatarsus. The specific name means "rare" in Latin. The holotype is ZPAL MgD-I/172, a left metatarsus fused with the tarsalia. There are two paratypes: ZPAL MgD-I/98, consisting of a right hand and foot, and ZPAL MgD-I/20, the upper part of the left metatarsus of a larger individual.

A second species, *Elmisaurus elegans*, was named in 1989 by Philip J. Currie. This represented a North American form originally described as a species of *Ornithomimus* by William Arthur Parks in 1933, based on specimen ROM 781, a foot. Currie also referred the material of the American form *Caenagnathus sternbergi*, based on a jaw fragment, to *Elmisaurus elegans*. Due to their poor preservation and geographical distance from the type species, the classification of the American forms has been contentious. In 1997, Hans-Dieter Sues stated that this supposed second species of *Elmisaurus* should be referred to *Chirostenotes*, as a *Chirostenotes elegans*, though this position was not accepted by Currie. However, other researchers, including Teresa Maryańska, Osmólska, and their colleagues, followed Sues in reassigning *E. elegans* to *Chirostenotes*.

In a 2001 study conducted by Bruce Rothschild and other paleontologists, 23 foot bones referred to *Elmisaurus* were examined for signs of stress fracture, but none were found.

## Classification

The cladogram below follows an analysis by Longrich et al. in 2013, which found Elmisaurus to be a Caenagnathid.

## JPInstitute.com Description

Elmisaurus was a small, bird-like dinosaur. Some scientists think it may have looked like an Oviraptor, but since no skull parts have been found of this dinosaur, it is all mostly guesswork. It had long, thin fingers, and it isn't hard to imagine them evolving into wing bones.

First discovered in Mongolia, this dinosaur provides more evidence of dinosaur migration between Asia and North America well towards the last part of the Cretaceous. There are some scientists who believe that at least one species of Elmisaurus is actually Chirostenotes.

## Appearance in other media

### *Jurassic Park*

* *Elmisaurus* was supposed to appear in Jurassic World Dominion but it was scrapped.

## Links

https://web.archive.org/web/20030803092943fw\_/http://www.jpinstitute.com/dinopedia/dinocards/dc\_elmis.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20080724015439/http://kids.yahoo.com/dinosaurs/204--Elmisaurus
Glyptotherium

Julius T. Csotonyi Artwork

Glyptotherium is an extinct genus of glyptodont, a group of mammals related to the armadillo. Its genus is considered an example of North American megafauna, most of which became extinct in the Quaternary extinction event. Glyptotherium probably disappeared due to overhunting. The last species of Glyptotherium became extinct approximately 12,000 years ago coinciding with the expansion of the human being.

## Description

Like its living relative, the armadillo, Glyptotherium had a shell that covered its entire body, similar to that of a turtle. In any case, unlike the turtle's shell, Glyptotherium 's shell was made up of hundreds of small hexagons (like honeycomb). Some species grew to be three meters long and had a body weight of a ton.
Glyptotherium species lived in tropical and subtropical areas of Florida, Arizona, Texas and in several states of Mexico such as Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tlaxcala, etc.

## Appearance in other media

### *Jurassic Park*

It appears in illustrations in the Smithsonian Jurassic World Dominion Prehistoric Projector Kit alongside Eremotherium.
Orthacanthus

Orthacanthus is a genus of prehistoric freshwater shark that lived during the Paleozoic era (400-225 mya). It was a member of a group of ancient sharks called xenacanths, all of which were freshwater sharks with long fins down their backs and a spine at the start of the fin. It was the largest of the known xenacanths.
Fabrosaurus

*Fabrosaurs australis*

***Fabrosaurus*** (/ˌfæbrɵˈsɔrəs/ fab-ro-sawr-əs; meaning "Fabre's lizard" in honor of Jean Fabre, a French geologist and a colleague of Ginsburg on the expedition that collected the fossil in Basutoland, Southern Africa; Greek sauros "lizard" was a genus of herbivorous dinosaur which lived during the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic (Hettangian to Sinemurian stages 206 - 189 mya). As the only fossil known of it is a partial jawbone with three teeth, *Fabrosaurus* is a nomen dubium and may in fact be the same as *Lesothosaurus*. *Fabrosaurus* was around 1 meter long (3.3 feet), and probably 60 cm tall. Little else can be inferred from the scanty remains. It was named by paleontologist Leonard Ginsburg in 1964. The type species, *F. australis*, is named for the location of the fossils in Lesotho, Southern Africa. He had very long legs, which helped him to run and escape from predators. He have powerful hands, with 5 fingers with small claws.

## JPInstitute.com Description

Fabrosaurus was a small plant-eater that lived in the early part of the Jurassic Period in South Africa. This little dinosaur probably lived in groups to help protect it from predators. Only a part of a jaw with three teeth has been found, so scientists are still not sure how to classify it.

There is a good deal of discussion about Fabrosaurus's familial relationship. It was suggested recently that this dinosaur was actually a Lesothosaurus, and that this specimen may represent a different gender. It has also been suggested that it belongs to the hypsilophodontidae.

## Links

https://web.archive.org/web/20031006234754fw\_/http://www.jpinstitute.com/dinopedia/dinocards/dc\_fabro.html
Indosaurus

*Indosaurus matleyi*

Indosaurus ("Indian lizard") is a genus represented by a single species of abelisaurid theropod dinosaur, which lived at end of the Cretaceous period, approximately 69 million years ago, in the Maastrichtian, in what is now the Indian subcontinent. It was found in the Lameta Formation of Jabalpur, an area known as The Carnosaur Corridor. The Indosaurus was a predator weighing approximately 700 kilograms and around 6 meters long, with a large skull that probably had decorations that, although they did not amount to horns as in the Carnotaurus, were characteristic of the clade.

## Description

The remains include an unusually thick partial skull, and other skeletal parts. The skull suggests that Indosaurus may have had horns over its eyes, although all fossil evidence has since been lost. Indosaurus was related to the rare South American predator, Carnotaurus. If this is the case, then India had not been a separate continent for the previous 100 million years, as paleontologists had thought. It is possible that the two landmasses were intermittently connected by land bridges, allowing dinosaurs from both areas to migrate.
The type species, I. matleyi, was named by von Huene and Matley in 1933. This species has been included in Megalosaurus matleyiconfusing it with a doubtful tooth-taxon. Orthogoniosaurus may be the same animal but based on different material. Some paleontologists have speculated that both Indosuchus and Compsosuchus should be included in this gender.

## JPInstitute.com Description

Indosaurus was a large meat-eater that lived in India. It is an interesting dinosaur for a number of scientific reasons. It seems to be closely related to Carnotaurus, the strange horned predator from South America. The fossil remains of Indosaurus show what may be horns over its eyes. Also, it is evidence that India was not an island floating alone for nearly 100 million years as has be thought by many scientists.

The fact that this dinosaur seems to be closely related to a South American genus supports a growing belief that India was occasionally connected to Africa by land bridges during the Jurassic and Cretaceous. This would have allowed dinosaurs to migrate to and from what is now India.

## Links

https://web.archive.org/web/20031007001553fw\_/http://www.jpinstitute.com/dinopedia/dinocards/dc\_indos.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20080518081032/http://kids.yahoo.com/dinosaurs/318--Indosaurus
Dinosaur Sticker Book

The **Dinosaur Sticker Book** is a book produced by the Jurassic Park Institute in 2001. It is written by Scott Ciencin and Alice Alfonsi, Robert Walters was the illustrator.

## Creature List

* *Allosaurus*
* *Amargasaurus*
* *Baryonyx*
* *Brachiosaurus*
* *Camptosaurus*
* *Carcharodontosaurus*
* *Coelophysis*
* *Compsognathus*
* *Dilophosaurus*
* *Dryptosaurus*
* *Eoraptor*
* *Euoplocephalus*
* *Giganotosaurus*
* *Gryposaurus*
* *Herrerasaurus*
* *Heterodontosaurus*
* *Pachycephalosaurus*
* *Parasaurolophus*
* *Plateosaurus*
* *Pteranodon*
* *Sauroposeidon*
* *Sinraptor*
* *Spinosaurus*
* *Stegosaurus*
* *Triceratops*
* *Tyrannosaurus*
* *Velociraptor*
Lessemesaurus

*Lessemsaurus sauropoides*

Tim Bradley Artwork

***Lessemsaurus sauropoides*** is an extinct genus of sauropod dinosaur that lived in South America during the Late Triassic period.

## Naming and description

The type species, L. sauropoides, was formally described by José Fernando Bonaparte in 1999 in honor of Don Lessem, a writer of popular science books.

This dinosaur was around 30 feet long, and was discovered in strata dating to the Norian stage, around 210 million years ago.

## Classification

In 2018, Apaldetti et al. recovered it as part of a clade they named Lessemsauridae, after Lessemsaurus.
Jurassic Park Institute Wiki

## Welcome to Jurassic Park Institute!

The formation of the Jurassic Park Institute represents the next step in the evolution of one of the most popular franchises in motion picture history - Jurassic Park. A science-based and educationally focused program, JPI has one mission - to provide kids, families, educators and scientists with the ultimate resource for dinosaur learning and fun.

Beginning with the launch of JPI Online, the Institute will, when completed, combine all forms of media to create the most exciting and dynamic forum for dinosaur fun, study, and research the world has ever known.

While *Jurassic Park* and *Jurassic Park: The Lost World* are works of fiction, the premise is grounded in scientific fact and theory. The filmmakers and author Michael Crichton went to great lengths to make sure that that the science upon which the movies were based was as credible and realistic as possible. The Jurassic Park Institute will use this as its foundation and will continue this commitment to authenticity.

Dinosaurs were the most spectacular and some of the most successful animals ever to walk the Earth. Often times they are a child's first entry into the world of science and a subject of endless fascination and speculation among people of all ages. By its unprecedented support of scientific research, its public communication of the latest information in science education, its activities, exhibits and programs, The Jurassic Park Institute opens a new window into the greatest adventure in the history of life - the world of dinosaurs.

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You can also be part of the larger Fandom family of communities. Visit Fandom's Community Central!
Campylodoniscus

*Campylodoniscus ameghinoi*

Campylodoniscus ameghinoi (gr. "curved tooth") is the only known species of the dubious extinct genus Campylodoniscus , possibly titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur, which lived at the end of the Cretaceous period, approximately 83 to 65 million years ago, between the Campanian and the Maastrichtian, in what today is Argentina. The age of Campylodoniscus is in doubt, it could be from the Cenomanian, about 95 million years ago, or the Campanian-Maastrichtian, about 70 million years ago. It is sometimes estimated to be around 20 meters in length. Campylodoniscus is probably a member of Titanosauria. Some researchers consider it a nomen dubium.

The type species, C. ameghinoi was described by Friedrich von Huene in 1929 who called it Campylodon , which was pre-occupied, being changed by Haubold and Kuhn in 1961 to the current name. The genus name meaning 'bent tooth' ', from the Greek καμπυλος, 'bent' or 'curved' (like a bow) and ὀδών meaning 'tooth'. The specific name honors Florentino Ameghino. In 1961, Oskar Kuhn noticed that the name was occupied by a fish and renamed the genus Campylodoniscus, the diminutive.

It is represented by the holotype MACN A-IOR63 , an incomplete maxilla with teeth with spatulate crowns wider than those of diplodocids, but not as wide as those of camarasaurids and absolutely different from the thin and tiny peg-shaped teeth of Antarctosaurus. and Alamosaurus , having a form intermediate between all of these. A second jaw described by Huene and Matley in 1933 from the late Cretaceous was found in India, the teeth are missing, however the fossil is tall and robust, as in camarasaurids. Due to the incomplete state of the two jaws, they cannot be compared critically and in no way can they be said to be related. It has been proposed that it is a basal titanosaur that survived until the end of the Cretaceous.
Archaeotherium

*Archaeotherium mortoni*

Julius T. Csotonyi Artwork

***Archaeotherium*** (Greek: αρχαιοθήριον, meaning "ancient beast") is an extinct genus of entelodont artiodactyl endemic to North America during the Eocene and Oligocene epochs (38—24.8 mya), existing for approximately 6 million years. *Archaeotherium* was about 1.2m tall at the shoulder and around 2m long and weighing around 270kg.

Although superficially pig-like, *Archaeotherium*, along with all other entelodonts, was more closely related to anthracotheres, hippopotamuses, and whales. Evidence from the Wyoming Dinosaur Center suggests that the omnivorous *Archaeotherium*, like modern carnivores, kept caches of food when their hunting was unsuccessful.

## Taxonomy

*Archaeotherium* was named by Leidy (1850). Its type is *Archaeotherium mortoni*. It was synonymized subjectively with *Entelodon* by Joseph Leidy (1853) and synonymized subjectively with *Elotherium* by Leidy (1857). It was assigned to Entelodontidae by Leidy (1850), Peterson (1909), Scott (1940), Galbreath (1953), Russell (1980), Carroll (1988) and Effinger (1998).

## Description

In life, *Archaeotherium* probably resembled a large, fanged, cow-sized peccary with bumps projecting from the side of its head. It had high shoulders, presumably to carry strong neck muscles to support the heavy head. The brain was tiny, but had relatively large olfactory lobes, suggesting that the animal had a keen sense of smell.

The largest (and type) species, *A. mortoni* was a cow-sized predator. Rhino jaws and other mammal bones have been found with bite marks on them that match the large canines of *A. mortoni*. A fossil trackway in Toadstool Geologic Park depicts the path of a *Subhyracodon* walking forward, stopping to see an *Archaeotherium* approach, then breaking into a gallop with the entelodont chasing after it. In leaner times, it is suggested that *Archaeotherium* dug for roots and tubers, as with other pig-like mammals.

## Paleobiology

It lived in forested and riverbank environments before the evolution of grasslands. Like all entelodonts, the genus had typical artiodactyl legs but lacked specializations for fast running; though it supported its weight on cloven hooves, the foot bones remained unfused, and the toes could spread as camelid feet do. This structure, unique to entelodonts, may have helped the living animal move on soft ground. The head was unusually large, and the high spines on the vertebrae above the shoulders supported strong neck muscles and tendons to handle the weight of the head. The brain was tiny, but had relatively large olfactory lobes, suggesting that the animal had a keen sense of smell.

## Appearance in other media

### *Jurassic Park*

* Archaeotherium appeared in the video game Jurassic Park: Builder.

* Archaeotherium is a super rare cenozoic creature in Jurassic World: The Game.

* Archaeotherium appeared in Jurassic World: Alive as a common creature.
Dinotyrannus

*Dinotyrannus megagracilis*

Dinotyrannus is a synonym of a Tyrannosaurus rex.

## JPInstitute.com Description

Dinotyrannus is the name given to a fragmentary skull and assorted bones that at first were thought to be an Albertosaurus. Originally called Albertosaurus megagracilis, it was later renamed when it was determined that it lacked the small horns over the eyes that are found on Albertosaurus. It is possible that it may be of the genus Tyrannosaurus.

## Links

https://web.archive.org/web/20040214162924fw\_/http://www.jpinstitute.com/dinopedia/dinocards/dc\_dinot.html
Jurassic Park Institute Wiki/Rules and guidelines

* No hybrids or named character or unidentified creatures, Only real dinosaurs and other prehistoric creatures of Jurassic Park franchise and other two Universal dinosaurs such The Land Before Time franchise and We're Back a Dinosaur's Story is perfectly acceptable.

## JPInstituteinfo Navigation for three other wikis

For use in Jurassic Park Wikia, other wikis besides Jurassic Park Wiki (such as Land Before Time Wikia and We're Back A Dinosaur's Story Wiki) is perfectly acceptable.

## References

1. ↑    Landbeforetime.com, The Land Before Time website, circa 2004. Link.
Euronychodon

Euronychodon ("claw tooth of Europe") is a genus with 2 species of troodontid coelurosaurian dinosaurs, which lived at the end of the Cretaceous period, approximately 90 to 70 million years ago, between the Turonian and Maastrichtian, in what is today Europe. and Asia. Known from two species, the first discovered was Euronychodon portucalensis , from Portugal, whose remains consist of three diagnostic teeth, since they are considered a new genus and species by themselves. Found in the town of Taveiro, it is the type species of Euronychodon , and was described in 1991 by Miguel Telles Antunes and Denise Sigogneau-Russell. A second species was found in Uzbekistan, known for only seven teeth and named by Nessov in 1995 as Euronychodon asiaticus , from Asia, but is much earlier than E. portucalensis and is considered doubtful.
Despite being a tooth-taxon Euronychodon was originally described as a Dromaeosauridae, but was later included in the Troodontidae, in any case an advanced maniptor. It is only around 2 meters long and its teeth indicate that it was a carnivore or insectivore. Being a tooth taxon, the true affinities of Euronychodon are difficult to determine. The teeth are similar to the better known Paronychodon , which may be a larger synonym. Paronychodon was originally described as similar to Zapsalis , another tooth taxon often considered synonymous with Richardoestesia , a possible dromaeosaurid. It later had many different identifications, such as a coelurid, an ornithomimid, a dromaeosaurid, an archeopterygid, and a troodontid. Although it could also be another type of coelurosaur theropod. While most researchers have considered such taxa to simply represent indeterminate theropod teeth, a small consensus has found them to belong to the Deinonychosauria. One study showed that tooth enamel is identical to that found in Byronosaurus , a troodontid.