recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
KL Functional requirements for Monetary Sovereignty

## Initial Rounds

#### **2016-05-17** 11:38AM

1) Restore/enhance the option of government to use Overt Monetary Financing as a means of financing public spending.

Extracted from quote: "Restore/enhance the ability of Government to create Sovereign NZ money for investment in the public sector, for public good" May 17

2) NZ Government should not incur debt denominated in foreign currency
Extracted from quote: "prohibiting NZ Government from borrowing offshore". [Req- Sovereign debt restrictions]

3) NZ Government shall not be constrained by what debt the private sector is willing to extend to them.

Extracted from: ""prohibiting NZ Government from... relying on private investment"

 4) Bail outs of private financial institutions shall be prohibited.

extracted from: "stop bail outs like South Canterbury Finance"

#### **2016-08-01**

5) Money creation needs to be democratized- responsive to public, welfare seeking motivations evaluated by publicly accountable decision makers rather than profit seeking motivations evaluated by private market decision makers.

Extracted from: "money creation needs to be democratised", "drivers of the financial system... are privately owned and invested into military and industrial pursuits that are not sustainable nor allied to Green principles"

#### **2016-08-05**

6) Agree with Urs requirement: "halt offshore borrowing and predatory lending practices"

2016-10-23

"tight regulation and monitoring will be required along with as close as possible to 100 percent reserves for private banks in order the Crown has control and can protect NZ's currency and value as it is they that need taming and tethering."  [req- restrict fractional reserve banking]
Bulbasaur

## Type **1**Grass

**Strong Vs**
Water / Ground / Rock

**Strong Vs**
Grass / Fairy

## Description

**Seed Pokémon**

Bulbasaur can be seen napping in bright sunlight. There is a seed on its back. By soaking up the sun's rays, the seed grows progressively larger.

## Possible Attacks

**Fast Attacks**

* Tackle 12
* Vine Whip 7

**Special Attacks**

* Seed Bomb 40
* Sludge Bomb 55
* Power Whip 70

## Extra Info

* **Bulbasaur** is one of the four starter Pokémon, the others being Charmander, Squirtle and Pikachu.
* Bulbasaur is a possible result of a hatched egg (2km).
* Bulbasaur can be easily found at parks as it is a grass type Pokémon.

## Links

* Bulbasaur at the official Pokédex
* Bulbasaur at the Pokémon Wiki

## Gallery

Bulba.pngBulbasaur Pokedex entryBulbasaur candy.pngBulbasaur candy
pt-br:Bulbassauro
Joseph Schumpeter

Joseph Alois Schumpeter (8 February 1883 – 8 January 1950) was an Austrian-born American economist and political scientist. He briefly served as Finance Minister of Austria in 1919. In 1932 he became a professor at Harvard University where he remained until the end of his career. One of the most influential economists of the 20th century, Schumpeter popularized the term "creative destruction" in economics.

"A “conservative Marxist”, as Minsky would later characterize his mentor, Schumpeter’s earliest work on the Theory of Economic Development (1912) had emphasized the importance of money creation by the banking system as the crucial source of entrepreneurial finance. Banks can and do lend by creating deposits, which serve as purchasing power that entrepreneurs use to acquire the real resources they need in order to make their future plans into present realities. This mechanism, according to Schumpeter, is the source of the dynamism of capitalism, just as it is also, according to Simons, the source of capitalism’s instability."-  Perry Mehrling
### References

1. ↑ Mehrling, Perry. Minsky's Financial Instability Hypothesis and Modern Economics.
Michael Rosen's Rap!

Right

I'm going to rap for everybody

Why?

Yes, it is because I'm a badass poet, but there's another reason, isn't there?

*\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_*

I'm Michael Rosen, king of the world

Popping caps in your ass while I cum in your girl.

See me strutting round town, now you might want to scram!

I'm the speedy Michael Rosen, I'm the fastest in the land!

So all my homies shout and raise the roof!

Ba-lam-bam-boolah! Ba-lam ba-diddy-boof!

Mick Daddy, no fatty! I know how to run!

I've got 203 problems but a SnanS ain't one! HA!

*\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_*

Really good

I've got to do it!

*\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_*

I'm a fast spitting, money-getting wordsmith.

Fucking words leave my mouth and become myth.

Mess with me, and soon you'll see

That I'm the baddest motherfucker in history! YEAH!

People say I'm a bit fucked up

Because I pushed Mark Sabine out an Ice Cream Truck!

So take it from me, M I K E

Forever king of YTP

Hollywood life, livin' it big

Got a great big jet. Fly it smoking a cig.

Now sorry to say, but I'm needing to go.

So thank you for listening to me bust a flow!

*\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_*

Heh heh

Yeah peace bitches.

Rock on over at London Airport

Rock on Chicago

That's right Harrybo, yeah, no no, you can, yeah.
Super Typhoon Haiyan

Super Typhoon Haiyan was a very destructive and deadly Typhoon in West Pacific in 2013 that struck the Philippines on November 8. It packed winds of 195mph and gusting over 210mph and made landfall at that strength.

## History

On November 3 a Tropical Depression formed in the western Pacific and the next day became a Tropical Storm,Getting the name Haiyan. On November 5 it hit Typhoon strength and the next day moved into the area of responsibility of the PAGASA receiving the name Yolanda. It reached Category 5 status later that day and hit max strength on the 7. The next day it struck decimating everything in its path. After its landfall, It hit Vietnam as a Severe Tropical Storm 3 days later.
CL Functional requirements for Monetary Sovereignty

## Initial Rounds

#### **2016-09-23**

1.       Sovereign money should be used to meet social, infrastructural and environmental needs. (This could well include providing a universal income.) [Req- Be bold with OMFG]

2.       It should be on a scale sufficient to direct investment towards democratically chosen ends.

3.       If random and irresponsible private lending, and growth-inducing, inequality-building compound interest cannot be easily regulated and reduced, sovereign money creation should be used to render them peripheral. (They are hard to regulate since credit is generally given in response to demand, and any reserves made up after the fact.)

- Possibly related to Req- Public trustee - ownership assuming that what is imagined is that public lending would help make private lending peripheral.
KR Functional requirements for Monetary Sovereignty

1) must provide a clear alternative to the "bail out" solution to a future serious financial crisis

2) must reduce threat to NZ's economy posed by excessive private debt

3) must be constructed in a way that it can fully exploit the opportunity presented by a dramatic financial crisis.

#### **2016-09-24**

**4)** need to educate people about the current system (how money is actually created/banking works)

5) Facilitate a national discussion about alternatives
Project- Debt Jubilee

Steve Keen's current idea (Jul 2016) idea is that the debt jubilee takes the form that the payment goes to both people who have saved as those who have debts.  If a person has bank debt, it goes to retire that debt.  Otherwise, it is additional bank balance.  Technically it could be implemented either as a monetary system or fiscal system project.
UB Functional requirements for Monetary Sovereignty

## Initial Rounds

#### **2016-05-30**

1)  "...functional requirement is about the governing body of the reserve bank..."  The process of election of Governor must be changed so that the "person elected is much more objective and has a broader acceptance."

2) Sovereign Money should replace all hybrid money.

#### 2016-08-04

3)  [NZ has substantial overseas debt.]  [NZ "must not be dependant on foreign (privately owned) banks" (Req- Overhang‎)  (Req- Sovereign debt restrictions)

#### **2016-08-17**

4) Condensed version: Resolve the inequity that the public purse is backstopping the private system against losses, while the private system profits fom risks that it ultimately is not required to pay.

" The question is really, whether it's fair that private banks are creaming that profit or if it should go to the state/public AND therefore if the creation of money should be in the hands of the state. The situation in 2008 with the banks bailed out by the state was raising this question about the greediness of theprivately owned banks giving out credits/producing money they didn't had and falling over to the extent ghat the state had to come up for it as they were deemed 'too big to fall over' ".(Req- Public trustee - ownership)
BC Functional requirements for Monetary Sovereignty

## Initial Rounds

#### **2016-05-30**

* SovMon policy should be able to influence, and where necessary control, the inflows and outflows of funds from overseas - this is broader than only credit inflows, as mentioned by Kath; this is a complex area, but the days of extreme liberalisation are past; even the IMF now advocates forms of capital controls. I would ideally like to see this reinforced by a Financial Transactions Tax, as is being developed by the core EU nations.
* SovMon should be able to differentiate between speculation and productive investment (it is implied by Kath's post on the characteristic of credit, but may need to be made more specific).
* SovMon policy should be accountable and transparent, specifically linked to agreed social aims (without getting too much into specifics, it may be worth discussing the need for a greater degree of independence and diversity in the body that provides advice to the Reserve Bank).
Financial system- categories of activities

The financial system is engaged in a wide variety of activities.

One approach to managing the financial system (goals such as insuring stability) is to to keep  compartmentalized these activities into separate companies.  For this reason, decomposition of the activities of modern banks into functional categories is useful.

## Banking

Banks are public/private partnerships, established for the public purpose of two functions:

* facilitate a payments system (smooth money flows, maintaining par)

* provide loans to credit-worthy customers.

### MMT Banking requirements

List (including rationale)Bill Mitchell's this document Warren Mosler guidelines in this document

* Banks should only be permitted to lend directly to borrowers. All loans would have to be shown and kept on their balance sheets.
* Prohibit third-party commission deals which might involve banks acting as ‘brokers’ and on-selling loans or other financial assets for profit.
CG Functional requirements for Monetary Sovereignty

## Initial Rounds

#### **2016-09-20**

1) the economic system must not be dependent on economic growth, except in cases where an economic sector needs to grow because it is too small

* related to zero interest self financing, Req- OMFG
* related to debt overhang which forces growth to pay interest rates
* related to debt in non-NZD

2) we should do our best to avoid investment bubbles

* possibly related to public trustee- ownership
* possibly related to welfare seeking

3) we need to reduce the gap in spending power between rich and poor

4) the economic system must reward innovation and useful work

5) monetary flows across borders should not be so great as to interfere with a government's ability to make rules that set the direction of the economy
Term- Base Money/ High Powered Money / Sovereign Money

Central banks call this M0 or Base Money.

"Sovereign Money"  in the Green policy context generally means "The direct control of the money supply by the public sector, including money both in its physical form (currency notes/ coin) and in electronic form (deposits)."  Some definitions also include the item credit along with deposits and currency [BC definition May 15].  Minus credit, If we substitute reserve deposits at the cental bank for "deposits" then it is equivalent to M-zero or Base Money.  However, if credit is included, then what is being said is that sellers cannot propose that the buyer pay them later for the goods sold, since this is providing credit to the buyer.
Full Reserve Banking- Criticisms

+ Some Full Reserve banking proponents assume that "only money already saved should be made available for lending"
		- This is wrong because it assumes that money exists as a consequence of economic activity
			* Pettifor argues this is backwards- that economic activity is a result of Money (Credit) creation
	+ Un-Democratic:  the key to the UK’s money supply lies with borrowing decisions made at a micro level by hundreds of thousands of economic actors. It is in this sense that ‘money creation’ is a bottom-up, even democratic, process
		- Implication- a central monetary authority would be prone to a top down undemocratic process.
MM Functional requirements for Monetary Sovereignty

## Initial Rounds

#### **2016-05-23**

* 1) That regional branches of the Reserve Bank could have some control over the issuing of credit in their areas. Req- Localized authority, Req- Governance of central bank
* 2) \*That greater control in the issuing of credit would be an extremely useful tool in the balancing of inflationary pressures.

#### **2016-09-20**

* 3)  Remove Bank’s and any private organisation’s ability to create money, and ensure that all new money is created through a democratic and accountable process. Req- Public trustee, Req- Accountability
* 4) Use new money to invest in the things that matter rather than purely for quick profits. [Req- Welfare motivated decisions] [Req- Be bold with OMFG]
* 5) Create debt-free money.
Concept: Labour as under utilized resource

What are the real statistics on hidden unemployment?

Statistics NZ defines "Jobless" as: "Jobless: people who are either officially unemployed, available but not seeking work, or actively seeking but not available for work. The ‘available but not seeking work’ category is made up of the ‘seeking through newspaper only’, ‘discouraged’, and ‘other’ categories."
Classical theory of labour market equilibrium purports to balance off the Law of Diminishing returns against profits: where the labour demand and labour supply determine the equilibrium real wage (W/P\*) and employment level (N\*).

* Classical system requires a factor to ensure that the labour market equilibrium with no excess supply or
demand, would be consistent with a product market equilibrium where aggregate demand for goods and services
was equal to aggregate supply
* This factor Is Loanable Funds theory, and interest rate is the throttle on this factor.

Jobless= 279,300 people.  March 2016 Quarter statistics, see table "Household labour force survey tables" (hlfs-mar16qtr-tables.xlsx) Line 46, table 8.

#####  **International Labour Organization definition**

According to Employment Policy Convention (ILO No. 122), which was adopted by signatory nations in 1964. full employment ensures that

* (i) there is work for all persons who are willing to work and look for work;

* (ii) that such work is as productive as possible; and

* (iii) that they have the freedom to choose the employment and that each worker has all the possibilities to acquire the necessary skills to get the employment that most suits them and to use in this employment such skills and other qualifications that they possess.

The situations which do not fulfil objective (i) refer to unemployment, and those that do not satisfy objectives (ii) or (iii) refer
mainly to underemployment.
TA Functional requirements for Monetary Sovereignty

2016-05-23

"Sovereign Money is  to me money created by Central that is Gov’t owned bank"

#### **2016-09-22**

To achieve the desirable, not because it is economic, but because it is worthwhile and or necessary.

### Possible refinement

Motivation of investments requiring money creation should have welfare seeking motives, not profit seeking motives?
ZZ-IK Req-Public / private lending

External contributor: "Ikonoclast" said on MMT blog run by Bill Mitchell:

#### Tuesday, November 24, 2015 at 20:04 [link]:

While private lending does not increase net assets of the private sector, it **clearly increases the volume of high powered money circulating in the economy**. If, over an extended period, new lending continues to exceed repayments on existing lending then the volume of high powered money in the economy increases (all other things being equal). So the economy is getting “pump primed” in a sense but it’s kind of odd. It’s almost as if the economy is running on “empty calories”. The private sector has lots of money circulating but it has to net dis-save if the government has to run surpluses (as Howard did) to damp inflation. I am not sure what this would mean but my guess is it causes odd distortions in the economy. Is this one way to get high housing asset inflation with low headline (goods) inflation? (Which I think is unhealthy by the way and a distortion which hurts low income groups.)
MB Functional requirements for Monetary Sovereignty

## Initial Rounds

#### **September 20**

1.  Enable financing of major state capital programmes without overseas lending or private lending. [Req- Be bold with OMFG]

2.  Restrict private debt creation to  sustainable levels.

#### **September 22** 6:31 AM**:**

3.  \*To allow the de-emphasing of debt-driven growth in the economy.

4.  \*To account for the (probable)ecological footprint of any new money, new debt or new investments.

5.  \*To account retrospectively for ecological footprints of monetary policy, lending and debt and all investments

#### **September 22** 2:12 PM

6.  \* Where the state has some or all responsibility for its creation, enable the cancelling of bad, unfair or impossible debt.  Eg student loans, MSD loans, etc where another instrument other than individuals declaring bankruptcy may be desirable.
Narrow banking

* 100% reserve banks that cannot lend.  They just hold depositor's money, and can invest it in Treasuries or hold it in reserves at the central bank,  but no lending is allowed
* Lending institutions that allow borrowing for mortagaes or loans to businesses.  This would be funded by shareholders, and no new money creation would occur.  They would merely be the intermediary for stockholder money.

#### Ben Dyson and Andrew Jackson book

Modernizing Money:Why our Monetary System is Browken

## Disaggregated Banking

After repeal of banking regulations (eg repealing Glass Stiegal in the US), banks began to aggregate several functions, some of which created conflicts of interest.  EG: Bear Stearns was making markets in debt securities, represented clients who were packaging those securities, as well as advising consumers of such securities on their investment decisions.  So they were not just dealer, but representing parties on both sides of the transaction.  What could possibly go wrong.

Some economists such as John Kay, (See esp. page 39 on in his essay "Narrow Banking: The reform of banking regulation") advocate divesting out the aggregated functions into separate companies.  The functions:

* Investment banking
* Debt sellor representative (A small business attempting to float a bond either in the domestic or foreign market, and properly hedging any forex risk exposure).
* Debt vendor- Packaging, or monetizing debt for resale, for example securitizing mortgage debt into tranches.
* Money Market dealer (forex trader, trader in credit default swaps, hedging products)
* Investment advisor, representing small investors looking to store money with higher returns in money market products.
* Retail (passbook, eftpos) banking
* Retail lending (mortgages, car loans)
Starbucks

**Starbucks** is the competitor of Dunkin' Donuts, which usually sell frappuccinos, the **STRONGEST** coffee in the world and other coffee drinks and teas. There name is Bucks which means that you have to spend a crapload of money, and Star which means that you get a star because of how expensive it is.
ML Functional requirements for Monetary Sovereignty

## Initial Rounds

#### **2016-09-22**

1. supply money that is otherwise not available (because, for example, no profit  can be made). [Req- Be bold with OMFG]
2. supply money while avoiding impact on inflation that is greater than minor (safeguarding its use)
3. limit  its use,  for example to urgently necessary public good/environmental expenditure.
AR Functional requirements for Monetary Sovereignty

2. any tools used to for achieving full employment economy must facilitate our Green Party policies (for a change to a sustainable ecologically based economy)
3. a government role is to make up the gap between full employment economy and level of private (investment?) spending, and to constrain private spending back to a full employment level where needed
4. all potential ethical tools to achieve above should be used, and not be limited to the range advocated by neoliberal ideology
5. there should be effective control on the level of private creation of money (which may mean a different tool to (sovereign) money creation/destruction.

#### **2016-09-22**

* sovereign money is stand alone and not defined in terms of some other currency Maybe Req- debt in non-nzd  Maybe Req- Sovereign debt restrictions
Hurricane Joaquin

**Hurricane Joaquin** was a powerful category 4 hurricane, the strongest storm of the 2015 Atlantic hurricane season. It developed from a non-tropical low, which is rare for a major hurricane. It had two separate peak intensities, one of which was just under category 5 status. This storm was expected to hit the United States by many models, although this never materialized. However, an unrelated storm complex brought severe flooding to the Southeastern United States.

## Meteorological History

In mid-September 2015, an upper-level low developed over the central Atlantic. On September 27, convection began to develop over the system while it was located southwest of Bermuda. By 00:00 UTC September 28, the low had acquired sufficient organization to be declared Tropical Depression Eleven. Due to moderately strong wind shear, the depression struggled to strengthen for the next day. The depression was initially not expected to strengthen to tropical storm status; it was expected to dissipate in a few days in the western Atlantic without impacting land. However, early on September 29, after entering a more favorable environment, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Joaquin. Joaquin began moving more to the south-southwest than originally forecast and began to intensify. By early on September 30, Joaquin neared hurricane status, reaching hurricane intensity by 06:00 UTC that day. After reaching hurricane status, Joaquin began a period of rapid intensification. By early on October 1, while moving slowly south-southwest, Joaquin reached major hurricane intensity, eventually reaching category 4 status - making it the strongest Atlantic hurricane by pressure since Igor in 2010.

Joaquin battered the Bahamas on October 1, and resulted in the sinking of the *El Faro* ship and its over 30 crew members. Joaquin's initial peak intensity was as a category 4 hurricane with a minimum pressure of 931 millibars and maximum sustained winds of 140 mph. Joaquin was the first category 4 hurricane for the Bahamas in October since the 1866 season; however this event was repeated the following year with Hurricane Matthew. Joaquin weakened to a category 3 hurricane on October 2 due to an eyewall replacement cycle.

Unexpectedly, the next day while moving northeast, Joaquin acquired its secondary peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 155 mph and a minimum pressure of 933 millibars. While it began to rapidly move northeast, rapid weakening ensued for Joaquin, and it weakened to a category 2 hurricane on October 4. Shortly afterwards, it passed near Bermuda. Joaquin then slowly weakened over the coming days, becoming a post-tropical cyclone by 00:00 UTC on October 8.

## Retirement

In April 2016, the World Meteorological Association (WMO) retired the name *Joaquin* due to its destruction in the Bahamas and sinking of *El Faro*. The name was replaced with *Julian* for the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season.
Orange Soda

This is one of the stories of the weekly series, A Pure Sip of Random.

This story is about a person named Bronzilox and 3 ~~chumps~~ friends,

So Bronzilox is going around town and he sees this house that looks very nice, he was looking around and then he sees that the door is open, he tries not to go in but why the heck not he went in. So he went in and the inside of the house is also really nice, he was having so much fun, there's like a huge flatscreen TV, a huge fridge, and much more, he layed down on the couch and then he fell off because he felt like it, he jumped into the indoor pool body first and he went SMACK! Because that's how belly flops REALLY work, and then he accidentally fell on the roof because there's an indoor trampoline and he went sky high and broke the roof, he went REAL high up and he landed on the roof, he somehow found that fun. Then he felt like getting some soda. He was looking around the fridge and he saw THREE bottles of orange soda, he had the first one, and he spit out fire, "This one is too hot," he said, he tries the second one, and when he tries to drink if a block of orange ice shaped into a bottle fell on him, "This one is too cold," he said. Then he tried the last one, "this one is, just WRONG," he threw the bottle at the wall, now he knew he didn't want soda, he wanted food. But when he was gonna go get some food he noticed, that 3 people just came in the house,

Friend #1, I don't remember keeping the door open,

Friend #2 I didn't even know we had a door.

Fri3nd #3, I don't care, I'm hungry fo sum orANGE soDA.

Bronzilox was gonna run out, but he was not able to leave, because the three might see him, he hid somewhere, BUT, he farted, the three friends where alarmed and they cornered Bronzilox, BUT, he........ Punched the first one, smacked the second one in the face, and kicked the third one in the nuts and bolts. Bronzilox then, ran away from the house. And then the story ends.
Tax on cross border capital flow

Pettifor advocacy

### Challenges to Implementation

Tricky flows: Corporate bond issuance through foreign subsidiaries boosts foreign direct investment by using the mechanism of intercompany loans.   "A recent International Monetary Fund (IMF) report, which has pointed out that “intercompany loans accounted for some 60 percent of total FDI [Foreign direct investment] in 2014."

### Brazil

Brazil uses a tax on international capital flows counter-cyclically - the tax is raised during capital inflow surges and reduced during capital outflow periods.

The Brazilian Executive Branch on May 2, 2016, issued Decree 8,731/2016 (decree), which amends the tax on financial transactions (IOF) regulations related to certain foreign-exchange transactions and repurchase agreements held by financial institutions. The decree increases the IOF tax rate from 0.38% to 1.1% with respect to foreign-exchange transactions involving the purchase of foreign currency, such as US Dollars, in cash and settled on or after May 3, 2016. (Source)

Motivations for changes:""We only react when we aren't together with the others," Mr. Mendes said. "If we're moving in step with the other currencies of the world, there's not reason to enter the market." (WSJ 2013-06-05)
Debt denominated in foreign currencies

“"From early 2009, we assume that more than 80 percent of long-term wholesale funding is done in the offshore US dollar market. ".”(Source RBNZ 2012)

"**“Increased foreign debt puts pressure on New Zealand to grow fast enough to meet increased debt servicing obligations – otherwise the debt will not be sustainable. “ (Source RBNZ 2007)**
RS Functional requirements for Monetary Sovereignty

## Initial Rounds

#### 2016-05-23

Sovereign money may well be the best way to create structural change coming out a recession eg it would have made a radical difference today, if in 1996 NZ had implemented strong energy efficiency standards, put in a meaningful carbon tax and used Reserve Bank credit to offer low-interest loans for businesses and households to invest in energy efficienct new technology.   This approach can bring a real positive difference as it largely focuses on the first two points above.
However as John commented earlier, if the economy is at or close to full employment, Reserve Bank credit is simply inflationary.
.....
So I do think that the functional requirement for Sovereign Money is simply a political willingness to use this tool plus the existence of a borrowing facility with the Reserve Bank for the Crown.

#### **2016-09-21**

1    Human activity occurs at a rate and at a scale that maintains the capacity of global and local ecosystems to sustain themselves and in a way that supports climate stabilisation.

2    Positive engagement and collaboration with the whānau and whenua-centred assumptions and practices of the Māori economy and the role of hapū as kaitiaki.

3    Getting the most long term benefit from each resource and from resource use across society, enhancing productivity and minimising waste.

4    Empowers people to choose a level of material consumption that is sufficient and within ecosystem capacity at local, national and global levels.

5    \* Total (public and private) debt and international position of Aotearoa New Zealand are at sustainable levels

6    Foster creativity, innovation and sustainable technology

7    Strengthen resilience ie the capacity of New Zealand's economy and our social networks to withstand and adapt to economic and ecological shocks.

8    Deliver basic material security and sufficient income for all, and a fair distribution of the economy's benefits and burdens
Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale

****Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale****
 Four
 Three
 Two
 One

**Related classifications**
 Tropicaldepression

The **Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale** is a scale to measure the intensity of tropical cyclones, primarily tropical cyclones in the Atlantic and East Pacific basins, where they are known as hurricanes. The scale was invented by Herbert Saffir and Robert Simpson in 1971, and was first officially used in 1973. Officially, the scale is used for hurricanes in excess of 74 mph, and has a five-category system for measuring the intensity of a tropical cyclone. The lowest classification is Category 1 (74-95 mph), followed by Category 2 (96-110 mph), then Category 3 (111-129 mph), then Category 4 (130-156 mph), and finally Category 5 (157+ mph). The Saffir-Simpson scale only takes into account the maximum winds in a storm, and does not consider barometric pressure, storm surge, or storm size; as a result, the scale is sometimes criticized. For instance, barometric pressures can vary largely in a storm of the same intensity on the SSHWS. For example, while both storms had maximum sustained winds of 110 mph and were category 2 hurricanes on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale, Hurricane Alex in 2010 had a minimum pressure of 946 millibars, and Hurricane Florence of 1994 had a significantly higher minimum pressure of 972 millibars.
SB Functional requirements for Monetary Sovereignty

## Initial Rounds

#### **2016-08-11**

* 1) Financial institutions should not have strong political influence over governments
* 2) Those making banking and related investment finance decisions should be publically accountable with transparent decision making
* 3) \*Should address wealth inequality
* 4) \*(Paraphrase) Eliminate the problem of financial entities rorting the system or bypassing policies through regulatory arbitrage.   (An example implementation of complete elimination might be by eliminating private banking)
Transporte

## Transporte de Cargas

No servidor contem 17 Empresas de transporte onde você pode trabalhar, Nessas empresas você irá poder dirigir TODOS os caminhãos existentes no GTA San Andreas.

Os destinos de carga e descarga são randômicos, isso significa que você não fica rodando sempre entre o mesmo ponto A e B, tivemos o capricho de criar mais de 900 pontos diferentes de carga e descarga distribuídos por todas as empresas, ou HQ´s, como preferir chamar.

Players VIP Podem escolher o local de carga e descarga.

## Transporte de pessoas

Nesta categoria nos encontramos os nossos Taxistas e os Motoristas de Ônibus.

 Empresa de Onibus

###
Hurricane Danny (2015)

**Hurricane Danny** was an unusually small hurricane that rapidly intensified at an unusually low latitude. The fourth named storm, first hurricane, and first major hurricane of the slightly below average 2015 Atlantic hurricane season, Danny peaked as a category 3 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 125 mph and a minimum pressure of 960 mbar.

## Meteorological History

On August 16, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began monitoring a tropical wave that had just recently emerged off the coast of west Africa. By 06:00 UTC on August 18, the wave had acquired sufficient organized deep convection to become Tropical Depression Four. Four strengthened into Tropical Storm Danny six hours later, while moving very slowly westward in the tropical Atlantic. Danny strengthened some later that evening to a 50 mph tropical storm, and maintained this intensity for over a day. On August 19, dry air entrainment from the Saharan Air Layer caused Danny to nearly become devoid of deep convection, however, the cyclone was able to maintain a well-defined circulation.

After convection redeveloped, Danny began to strengthen in the Atlantic Main Development Region (MDR) as it developed an eye feature. At 12:00 UTC on August 20, Danny strengthened into a hurricane. Rapid intensification commenced shortly thereafter, and Danny acquired Category 2 status by 00:00 UTC on August 21. The intensification continued, and at 12:00 UTC that day, Danny strengthened into a major hurricane, reaching its peak intensity as a category 3 hurricane with a minimum pressure of 960 mbar. Danny was a very small hurricane with a very tight windfield. It also became the first major hurricane to develop in the Atlantic MDR since Hurricane Julia in 2010. Danny began to weaken that afternoon, but was not operationally classified as a major hurricane until 18:00 UTC that day, when a NOAA Hurricane Hunter aircraft identified winds that suggested a major hurricane. Danny fell below major hurricane status at 00:00 UTC on August 22 as its eye disappeared from satellite imagery.

As Danny approached the Lesser Antilles, strong shear - likely associated with El Nino - began to cause Danny to rapidly weaken. Danny weakened to a tropical storm at 00:00 UTC on August 23. The weakened tropical storm passed near Guadeloupe, bringing light but somewhat beneficial rains to the area. Danny weakened to a tropical depression at 12:00 UTC on August 24, and then dissipated at 18:00 UTC that day. Danny's effects in the Lesser Antilles were minor, with no fatalities reported.
Hurricane Nicole (2016)

**Hurricane Nicole** was a very powerful hurricane that passed over Bermuda, and the second-strongest storm of the active 2016 Atlantic hurricane season. It was the 14th named storm, sixth hurricane, and third major hurricane of the season, and peaked as a category 4 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 130 mph and a minimum pressure of 950 mbar.
Hurricane Ike

***Hurricane Ike*** was a strong and destructive tropical cyclone that wrought enormous damage across the Caribbean and United States in September 2008. In most regions in the Caribbean, Ike remains the costliest Atlantic hurricane on record. Other locations, especially the U.S. state of Texas, were heavily impacted by the storm. Ike ultimately resulted in a damage total of $25 billion; the third costliest Atlantic hurricane in history.

* Bahamas
* Hispanola
* Cuba
* Cayman Islands
* Southeast Texas
* South Central United States
* Great Lakes Region

A Cape Verde-type hurricane, Ike initially formed out of a tropical wave that emerged off the coast of Africa. Moderate intensification ensued as it took on a track westward, achieving peak intensity as a Category 4 hurricane over the open Atlantic. Ike fluctuated in intensity multiple times prior to making landfall in northeast Cuba as a major hurricane. After crossing the country and emerging over the Gulf of Mexico, Ike remained a hurricane, heavily weakened to land interaction. Nevertheless, Ike re-intensified to a strong Category 2 hurricane, later making landfall over Galveston, Texas at this intensity.

The ninth named storm, fifth hurricane, and third major of the annual hurricane season, Ike is held responsible for well over $30 billion in damage and almost 200 deaths as it swept across the Atlantic. Ike was absolutely devastating for Haiti, of which 74 deaths were reported. Impeding the recovery efforts from three previous storms - Fay, Gustav, and Hanna, Ike became the fourth consecutive cyclone that year to impact the country. In addition, at least seven fatalities were reported as it swept across Cuba, making two separate landfalls on the island nation. Destruction was most severe in the United States, especially in the state of Texas.

## History

The origins of this hurricane can be traced back to a low pressure area associated with a well-defined, vigorous tropical wave near Africa on August 28. Despite displaying signs of organization amidst a very favorable environment, the wave struggled to gain even intermittent convection. Moving generally westward, the wave gained sufficient enough organization and was officially classified as a tropical depression on September 1. Post analysis showed Ike attained tropical storm status three hours earlier than when the NHC first initiated advisories. Over the next several hours, Ike began producing curved rainbands around its center of circulation, but failed to centralize convection due to the presence of dry air entrained in the circulation. In addition, at the time, Ike remained situated in a location with only marginal sea surface temperatures (SSTs).

## Impact

Hurricane Ike left devastating impacts throughout multiple nations across the Atlantic.

## Retirement

The name *Ike* was retired in 2009 and will not be used again. *Isaias* was chosen to replace it.
Assassination Attempt at the Boutique

The assassination attempt at the boutique takes place in The Royal Romance, Book 3, Chapter 19. It was an attempt by Anton Severus and the Sons of Earth to kill Your Character before her wedding, for the purpose of destabilizing the Cordonian monarchy.

## The Big Day

Your and your friends including Hana Lee (if she is not your fiancée), Maxwell Beaumont (if he is your Man of Honor), Kiara Theron, Bertrand Beaumont, Olivia Nevrakis, Penelope Ebrim, Merlin And Morgana, Madeleine, and Ana De Luca arrive at the boutique to pick your wedding dress. When it comes time for you to see your dress, you see smoke coming out of the door and hear chaos outside. Mara leaves the room to protect you and asks the group to barricade the door. Madeline and Bertrand use a couch to barricade the door. Maxwell (if he is present) prepares to use the chandelier ornaments as a defensive weapon, Hana (if she is present) uses a vase, Kiara overcomes her fear and grabs some scissors to defend herself, Olivia draws her hidden stiletto knives, and you either wield the sword Maxwell gave you or give it to Bertrand.

## Battle

You and your bridal party help each other fight. Madeline uses a scheduling clipboard to catch one assassin off-guard for either Hana to throw a vase at the assassin and knock him unconscious (if present) or for Olivia to stab him with a stiletto. Merlin and Morgana bite one of the assassin's legs before Kiara throws the scissors at the assassin. You notice Penelope panicking and encourage Penelope to think about her poodles, Zeke, or living; when the assassin scoffs at that, Penelope slaps the assassin and Kiara saves her by beating the assassin with a broken mannequin arm. An assassin attempts to attack Olivia but she uses her stiletto to defend herself and takes out the assassin herself. Maxwell (if present) and Bertrand take down another assassin. The tide of the battle turns in your favor.

After you and the bridal party have put down the assassins, Bastien comes in and asks where Mara is, and you explain that she left to defend you. Mara survives her confrontation with the assassins, but she is injured and informs the group that Anton escaped in a SUV after he found out the battle was lost. You put on your wedding dress and get ready to drive to the Cathedral for your wedding.
1991 Perfect Storm

The origins of the 1991 Perfect storm can be traced to a baroclinic frontal boundary that emerged from the eastern coast of the United States in late October 1991. Moving in a southeastward direction, the system interacted with Hurricane Grace, and became a subtropical storm on October 30 as it swung to the southwest and absorbed the remains of the former hurricane, helping to generate convective activity along the system's core region, and allowing the nor'easter (at the time) to attain it's peak intensity. Following it's peak on October 31, the nor'easter turned to the east, and became a subtropical storm on November 1, before becoming a hurricane later that day as it finished the transition to a fully tropical cyclone. Moving towards the north towards Nova Scotia, the Perfect Storm weakened, becoming extratropical again the following day.
List of retired hurricane names

The following names were **retired** by the World Meteorological Association (WMO) and will never be used again to name a tropical cyclone. Each spring, the WMO occasionally retires hurricane names of destructive storms.

## Atlantic

The following names have been retired in the Atlantic basin. Asterisk (\*) indicates the name was later reused or on a naming list, either in the Atlantic or East Pacific basin.
Hurricane Alex (2016)

**Hurricane Alex** was a very rare January hurricane and the first named storm of the active 2016 Atlantic hurricane season. Forming from an extratropical cyclone on January 12, Alex strengthened to a peak intensity at 12:00 UTC on January 14 with maximum sustained winds of 85 mph and a minimum pressure of 981 millibars. Alex then weakened to a strong tropical storm and passed through the Azores at this intensity.

## Meteorological History

On January 7, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) noted the possibility of subtropical or tropical development with a developing extratropical cyclone in the eastern subtropical Atlantic over the next several days. The extratropical cyclone strengthened to a hurricane-force low early on January 10. Slight weakening occurred the next day as the extratropical cyclone began to detach from its frontal boundaries. By January 12, frontal boundaries had completely dissipated from the cyclone and deep convection had begun to develop near the center of the cyclone. At 18:00 UTC that day, the extratropical cyclone had completed subtropical cyclogenesis and became Subtropical Storm Alex. Alex then weakened slightly overnight, as it continued to become increasingly tropical. On the evening of January 13, despite being located in water temperatures around 20 degrees Celsius, well below the typical threshold for a tropical cyclone, fairly low wind shear and high atmospheric instability allowed Alex to strengthen. By 06:00 UTC on January 14, Alex had acquired hurricane status despite still having some subtropical characteristics. Alex then reached its peak intensity 6 hours later with maximum sustained winds of 85 mph and a minimum pressure of 981 millibars. Alex retained this intensity for 6 hours, but began to weaken around 00:00 UTC on January 15 as shear increased and sea surface temperatures cooled. Alex weakened to a 65-mph tropical storm that morning and passed through the Azores at this intensity. Alex transitioned into an extratropical cyclone at 18:00 UTC on January 15, ending the life of this rare January hurricane.
TC Wikia Usercane Center

Usercanes will be added eventually

 Duration
 Peak intensity

...BRICK STRENGTHENS TO A MAJOR HURRICANE. EXPECTED TO STRENGTHEN MORE...

 Duration
 Peak intensity

```
...DARREN FORMS...CURRENTLY STRENGTHENS...
Tropical Storm Darren as formed just west of the Cabo Verde Islands. Darren is moving slow, and could possibly strengthen in the coming months.
Current: 45MPH
Movements: 1 MPH
Pressure: 1003 mbars

EARLY SEPTEMBER 2016- 60MPH
LATE SEPTEMBER 2016- 80MPH
EARLY OCTOBER 2016- 100MPH
LATE OCTOBER 2016- 115MPH
LATE NOVEMBER 2016- 130MPH

```
Nintendo 4DS

The Nintendo 4DS is a revolutionary handheld gaming console released on Octember 69, 1776. It features 4D technology (also known as "robot magic space stuff") to make the screen ~~appear to be real life.~~ This console uses 4D technology to make the screen produce real life objects.

## Games

* Kirby's Keem Land
* Meme Simulator 1802
* Seinfeld The Game
* Mtn Dew Time!
* Crusty Neckbeard Simulator (This one is just the front facing camera)

* ReggieTales

## Discontinuation

The Nintendo 4DS was discontinued after a toddler exploded while playing "Kirby's Keem Land".
2017–18 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season

The **2017–18 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season** was below-average. The South-West Indian Ocean basin is defined as the portion of the Indian Ocean that is west of 90°E and south of the Equator. For the majority of the basin, the season officially began on November 15, 2017, and officially ended on April 30, 2018; for Mauritius and the Seychelles, however, the season ended on May 15, 2018. The first storm of the season, Tropical Cyclone Ava, formed on December 27, 2017. The final storm of the season, Severe Tropical Storm Flamboyan, dissipated on May 1, 2018.

Throughout the season, nine tropical depressions formed. Eight of these depressions were eventually classified as moderate tropical storms. All of these moderate tropical storms were eventually classified as severe tropical storms. Five of these severe tropical storms, Ava, Irving, Berguitta, Cebile, and Dumazile, were eventually classified as tropical cyclones. Two of these tropical cyclones, Berguitta and Cebile, were eventually classified as intense tropical cyclones.

The South-West Indian Ocean classifies tropical disturbances and tropical cyclones using seven categories: tropical disturbance, tropical depression, moderate tropical storm, severe tropical storm, tropical cyclone, intense tropical cyclone, and very intense tropical cyclone. Tropical disturbances have 10-minute sustained winds of <28 knots (<50 km/h). Tropical depressions have 10-minute sustained winds of 28-33 knots (51-62 km/h). Moderate tropical storms have 10-minute sustained winds of 34-47 knots (63-88 km/h). Severe tropical storms have 10-minute sustained winds of 48-63 knots (89-117 km/h). Tropical cyclones have 10-minute sustained winds of 64-89 knots (118-165 km/h). Intense tropical cyclones have 10-minute sustained winds of 90-115 knots (166-212 km/h). Very intense tropical cyclones have 10-minute sustained winds of >115 knots (>212 km/h).