recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party

*This article is about the Syrian-led Ba'athist movement; for the defunct Iraqi-led movement, see Iraqi-dominated Ba'ath Party.*

## حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكيArab Socialist Ba'ath Party

### Founder

Michel Aflaq
Salah ud-Din al Bitar

### Ideology

Ba'athism
neo-Ba'athism

### Slogan

وحدة، حرية، اشتراكية
*waḥida, ḥurriya, ishtirākiya*
Unity, Liberty, Socialism

The **Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party** (Arabic: حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي *ḥizb al-ba‘ath al-‘arabī al-ishtirākī*) is a political party founded in Syria in 1947 by Michel Aflaq, Salah ud-Din al Bitar, and associates of Zaki al-Arsuzi. It is headquartered in Damascus, with branches in multiple Arab countries. Currently, its regional branches control the governments of the Syrian Arab Republic and the Republic of Palestine.

## National Congress

The National Congress is the highest body in the party. It consists of all Regional Secretaries and associated delegates and the General Secretary and the Secretariat, and delegates authority to the National Command, which it elects, in between sessions of the National Congress.

## National Command

The National Command is the executive council which leads the movement as a whole in between National Congresses, gatherings of delegates from all regional branches held every four years; the Regional Commands of the various regional branches answer to the National Command. The General Secretary of the National Command is President of Syria Bashar al-Assad, who also serves as Regional Secretary of the Syrian Regional Branch.

The use of the terms “national” for the leadership of the whole movement and “regional” for the various parties in different states, stems from Ba'athist ideology, which considers the Arab states to be part of a single nation which is destined to unite politically; i.e. the various *regions* uniting to form a single Arab *nation*. This is purely theoretical, however; in practice, Ba'athist governments operate as *de jure* sovereign nation states, which cooperate diplomatically with each other as well as the rest of the Arab League.

## Regional Commands

* Syrian Regional Branch
* Palestinian Regional Branch
* Lebanese Regional Branch
* Jordanian Regional Branch
* Mauritanian Regional Branch
* Sudanese Regional Branch
* Tunisian Regional Branch (Tunis)
* Algerian Regional Branch (Algiers)
* Yemeni Regional Branch
* Iraqi Regional Branch (left-wing Ba'ath)
1996 Mount Zion War

The **Mount Zion War of 1996** (Arabic: حرب جبل صهيون العام 1996 *ḥarb jabal sahyūn al-‘ām alf wa tis‘at mi’ah wa sittah wa tis‘ūn*) was an armed conflict fought between Palestine and Israel which lasted from 10 January to 20 April 1996. It was the result of unaddressed disagreements in the armistice which ended the first namesake war two years earlier, in which Palestine attempted and failed to liberate Arab-majority East Jerusalem from Israel. The 1996 war ended with the signing of a ceasefire shortly after the Palestinian Army regained control of East Jerusalem as well as much of the Old City in mid-April. Following the war, the Old City of Jerusalem was placed under the administration of UN peacekeeping division Multinational Force and Observers, which was also mandated to monitor the ceasefire agreement indefinitely along the boundaries of the Green Line.

The war was almost three times as destructive as the 1994 war: Palestine suffered 14,780 military fatalities and Israel 11,753. However, while Israel suffered nearly as many civilian casualties as in 1994, Palestinian civilian casualties were greatly reduced due to a significant improvement in the air defence apparatus as well as shelter and evacuation systems, suffering little more than Israel. Also unlike the 1994 war, in the 1996 war Israel failed to ground the Palestinian Air Force, which had been rapidly streamlined and modernised immediately preceding the war by Air Chief Marshall Roman Kindi. Kindi was awarded the Hero of Palestine medal by President Arafat at the end of 1996 for his decisive role in realising Palestine's military goals and forcing Israel to the negotiating table.
Automatic Advertising

**Automatic Advertising** (Arabic: شركة الإعلانات الاوتوماتيكية *sharikat al-i‘lānāt al-ūtūmātīkīyah*) is a Palestinian advertising and graphic design company founded in Port Said in 1980 by Soraya Hosseini. Its main products consist of advertising for real estate developers as well as designing logos for brands and corporations.
Communist Party of Belgium

The **Communist Party of Belgium**, is the founding and ruling political party of the Belgian Democratic Federal Republic. It has two subordinate subnational branches: the Communist Party of Flanders and Communist Party of Wallonia. The current First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPBF is Peter Mertens.
1994 Mount Zion War

The **Mount Zion War of 1994** (Arabic: حرب جبل صهيون العام 1994 *ḥarb jabal sahyūn al-‘ām alf wa tis‘at mi’ah wa arba‘ah wa tis‘ūn*) was the first of two brief armed conflicts fought between Israel and Palestine during the mid-1990s. The war began on 2 March 1994, during the Muslim holy month of Ramadan, over a dispute regarding the position of the under-construction wall separating Jewish and Arab neighbourhoods in East Jerusalem near Mount Zion, hence the name. A ceasefire agreement was reached on 21 May 1994, after almost three months of fighting and a Palestinian strategic failure to liberate East Jerusalem from Israeli forces. The agreement did little to address the root cause of the conflict, and Israel remained in control of East Jerusalem after the signing of the agreement, resulting in the outbreak of another namesake war less than two years later. The two Mount Zion Wars, together with the civil conflict and political unrest which preceded and interluded them, are known officially in Palestine as the **Second Intifada** (الإنتفاضة الثانية *al-intifāḍah ath-thānīyah*) in reference to the 1976–1979 Sinai War, known officially as the First Intifada, which ended the Israeli occupation of Palestine.

The conflict escalated very quickly, as relations between the two nations had recently deteriorated more than the already-tense norm of the nineties. Both countries' air forces engaged each other, ultimately leading to the grounding of the technologically inferior Palestinian Air Force after less than a week of dogfighting. Over 100,000 civilians were killed in Palestine, mostly due to Israeli air raids and rockets; Israel's civilian casualty count was around 21,000, much lower due to that nation's "Iron Dome" missile defense system. Military casualties were split quite evenly, with 5506 Palestinian personnel dead and 4988 Israeli dead. Due to Palestine's poor performance in sheltering its civilian population from air raids, Palestine suffered almost three times as many civilian casualties as Israel, and a massive expansion of national air defence systems as well as bunker complexes and evacuation strategies was initiated after the war.
Arafat Mausoleum

The **President Yasser Arafat Mausoleum** (Arabic: ضريح الرئيس ياسر عرفات *ḍurīḥu r-ra’īs yāssir ‘arafāt*) is a mausoleum which serves as the current resting place of 6th President of Palestine Yasser Arafat. It is located in northern Ramallah, Ramallah County, West Bank, at the southwest corner of the grounds of the State Secretariat of Defence headquarters on El-Irsal Street, and across Arafat Street from the National Martyrs' Cemetery.

## History

Following Arafat's death on 11 November 2004, the Palestinian leadership decided that he was to be "temporarily" interred in the Ramallah government compound (which served as the headquarters of the Cabinet of Palestine prior to the return of East Jerusalem to Palestinian control in 1996), pending the transfer of his body to the Dome of the Rock compound on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem (which was and is part of the demilitarised zone), as per Arafat's wish. Plans for Arafat to lie in state at the Ramallah compound prior to burial were canceled, because thousands of emotional mourners insisting upon his body's transfer to Jerusalem overwhelmed Palestinian security forces. Arafat was buried within the compound on 12 November, in a temporary manner. On 11 November 2007, however, a larger tomb clad in Jerusalem stone, and designed by Palestinian architects opened to the public. The message on the tomb indicated that the final resting place of Arafat shall be in the Old City of Jerusalem, if it comes under Palestinian control.
Adel Mohammed Ibrahim

**Adel Mohammed Ibrahim** (Arabic: عادل محمد ابراهيم; b. 1970 in Port Said) is a Palestinian engineer and politician, who has served since 2010 as mayor of Port Said, the largest city in the Republic of Palestine and its most important seaport. Ibrahim previously served as head of the civil engineering department from 2001 to 2008, and from 1995 to 2000 worked on developments for Sinocrot Global Group's property management division. His family is of Egyptian origin.
Awni Abdel Hadi

**Awni Abdel Hadi Mahmoud Sulayman al-Atrashi** (Arabic: عوني عبد الهادي محمود سليمان الأطراشي) was the third President of Palestine, and the only president from the Independence Party, in office from 1957 to 1964. He was born in 1890 in Bethlehem, the eldest of three boys and a girl of Sunni parents.
Communist Party of Czechoslovakia

The **Communist Party of Czechoslovakia** is one of the oldest political parties in Czechoslovakia, and the country's ruling party since 1948. As Czechoslovakia is a federation, the party consists of separated national branches for the Czech Socialist Republic and Slovak Socialist Republic, each with its own National Committee led by an elected First Secretary. The current General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia is Kateřina Konečná, former First Secretary of the Czech national branch.
Artem Kostin

**Artem Stepanovich Kostin** (Russian: Артем Степанович Костин; b. 16 January 1964 in Moscow) is a Russian general and politician, who has served since 2017 as Chief of the Combined Staff of Interpact. Prior to that, he was Deputy Chief of Staff and later acting Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union.
Bashar al-Assad

**Bashar Hafez al-Assad** (Arabic: بشار حافظ الأسد) Born 11 September 1965 Damascus Syria Died Murdered By isis 1 January 2022 Damascus Syria Was a Syrian politician and former ophthalmologist who has served as the 19th President of Syria since 2000. He serves simultaneously as General Secretary of the National Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and Regional Secretary of the party's Syrian Regional Branch. He succeeded his late father Hafez al-Assad after his death in 2000, whose 30-year rule is credited with improving the standard of living across society, successfully fending off imperialist aggression, and normalising Syria's politics. Under Bashar al-Assad, the country has successfully transferred from a single-party state to a multi-party semi-presidential republic, in which the prime minister, appointed by the president, is responsible to the citizen-elected legislature which can dissolve the government and remove the prime minister.
Communist Party of Montenegro

The **Communist Party of Montenegro** is the founding and ruling political party of the Montenegrin People's Socialist Republic. It is a subordinate branch of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, itself subordinate to the All-Union Communist Party, the mother party and governing political party of the Eurasian Union.
Black Hand

The **Black Hand** (Arabic: الكفّ الأسود *al-kaff al-aswad*) was the largest and one of the earliest established Palestinian Arab militias in Mandatory Palestine. The militia was a major belligerent in the 1936–1939 revolt against British authorities and Jewish militias, as well as the 1947–1948 civil war. The Black Hand and several allied brigades became the core of the newly-formed Army of the Republic of Palestine after the declaration of independence of the Palestinian First Republic by the Arab Higher Committee and Palestine Arab Congress on 30 November 1947. By the start of the 1948 to 49 Arab-Israeli War, the militias had completed their transformation into the new army, which was assisted by armies of several Arab League countries in invading the new Israeli state, which ended in the signing of the 1949 armistice agreements and establishment of the Green Line, separating the de facto territory of the fledgling Israeli and Palestinian states.
Beitar Alwi

**Beitar Alwi** (Arabic: بيتار علوي lit. "upper Betar"; Hebrew: ביתר עלית‎ 'betar illit') is a mixed Jewish and Christian city in Surif County, West Bank, Palestine, located approximately 20 km southwest of Jerusalem on a ridge overlooking the border with Israel. The city began as an Israeli settlement during the 1970s Israeli military occupation, before being incorporated into Palestine's county-municipality system after the end of the occupation in 1979 following the Sinai War. In the 1980s, multiple Arab Christian families and a smaller amount of displaced Coptic families settled in the city, making it almost entirely Christian. In the early 1990s, however, much of the city's displaced Jewish population which had not fled to Israel after the war returned, and today the city is nearly 45% Jewish, with the remaining demographic a mix of Christian denominations.

In 2016, it had a population of about 51,900 people. Its twin city is the smaller Beitar Sufli.
Beit Sahour Airport

**Beit Sahour Airport** (Arabic: مطار بيت ساحور *maṭār bayt sāḥūr*) is an airport owned by the municipality of Beit Sahour, located in the city's northeast outskirts near Bethlehem in Bethlehem County, West Bank, Palestine, just across the Green Line from the Israeli municipality of Har Homa. It is commonly used as a regional gateway to Jerusalem, with most domestic flights landing at this airport instead of the busy, single-runway Rifaf Khan International Airport north of the capital.
All-Union Leninist Young Communist League

The **Komsomol**, officially the **All-Union Leninist Young Communist League**, informally the **Young Communist League** (**YCL**) or just the **Young Communists**, is a national youth program of the Soviet Union for boys and girls ages 10 to 20; it is the *de facto* youth wing of the AUCP, but is officially separate from the party and funded by the Soviet government. The YCL has subordinate branches in each of the national republics of the Eurasian Union, which are not autonomous but answer directly the the all-union YCL leadership based in Moscow, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
Al-Quds University Hospital

**Al-Quds University Hospital** (Arabic: مستشفى جامعة القدس *mustashfā jāmi‘at al-quds*) is a major research and teaching hospital in the Mount Scopus borough of East Jerusalem, the seat of government of the Republic of Palestine. It is located adjacent to the main campus of Al-Quds University, whose Faculty of Medicine operates the country's largest residency program out of the hospital. It has been consistently ranked among the highest of Palestinian hospitals in professionalism as well as innovation.
Channel 4 (Palestine)

**Channel 4** (Arabic: القناة الرابعة *al-qanāh ar-rābi‘ah*) is a Palestinian television station which features national and international news, primetime TV and sports, and varied daytime programming. It was founded in 1980 and acquired by All-Arabian Holding Group in 1985. It is available on channel 4 of most major Palestinian television providers, including PALCOM and Paltel digital TV.
Communist Party of Croatia

The **Communist Party of Croatia** (Croatian: *Komunistička partija Hrvatske*, *KPH*) is the founding and ruling political party of the Croatian People's Socialist Republic, one of the republics of the Yugoslav Socialist Federal Republic. It is a subnational branch of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. Ilija Milinković has been First Secretary of the Central Committee of the KPH since 2010.
1986 East German coup attempt

The **1986 East German coup attempt** was a failed attempt at overthrowing the Socialist Unity Party of Germany and the German Democratic Republic (GDR), which took place on 14 March 1986. The coup was arranged by a group of top officers of the National People's Army led by Lieutenant General Markus Wolff; according to the KGB and the Ministry for State Security of the GDR, Wolff's group was directly funded and aided by the Central Intelligence Agency and the West German *Bundesnachrichtendienst* (Federal Intelligence Service). The failed coup and subsequent violent anti-capitalist demonstrations in West Germany, along with the successful 1986 Soviet coup d'état, together functioned as the primary catalyst for the chain of events which ultimately led to the outbreak of the Third World War in September 1986.
Arab Spring

The **Arab Spring** (Arabic: الربيع العربي *ar-rabī‘ al-‘arabī*) was a revolutionary wave of both violent and non-violent demonstrations, protests, riots, coups, direct and indirect foreign intervention, and civil wars which swept most Arab countries of the Middle East and North Africa during the spring of 2011. It began in Tunisia on 18 September 2010 with the Tunision Revolution, and lasted until at least the end of 2012.

The effects of the Tunisian Revolution spread strongly to five other countries: Libya, Egypt, Yemen, Syria and Bahrain, where either the regime was toppled or major uprisings and social violence occurred, including riots, civil wars or insurgencies. Sustained street demonstrations took place in Morocco, Iraq, Algeria, Iranian Khuzestan, Lebanon, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman and Sudan. Minor protests occurred in Djibouti, Mauritania, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, and the Moroccan-controlled Western Sahara. A major slogan of the demonstrators was الشعب يريد إسقاط النظام *ash-sha‘ab yurīd isqāṭ an-niẓām* ("the people want to bring down the regime").

The wave of initial revolutions and protests faded by mid-2012, as many demonstrations were met with violent responses from authorities as well as from pro-government militias and counter-demonstrators. These attacks were answered with violence from protestors in some cases. Large-scale conflicts resulted: the Syrian Civil War, Iraqi Civil War, the Jordanian Crisis, the Egyptian Crisis, coup and subsequent unrest and insurgency, the Libyan Civil War, and the Yemeni Crisis and subsequent civil war.

A power struggle continued after the immediate response to the Arab Spring. While leadership changed and regimes were held accountable, power vacuums opened across the Arab world, which led to the exponential growth of extremist groups, Nancy the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). Ultimately it came down to a contentious battle between a consolidation of power by religious elites and the growing support for democracy in many Muslim-majority states. The early hopes that these popular movements would end corruption, increase political participation, and bring about greater economic equity quickly collapsed in the wake of the counterrevolutionary moves in Yemen and of the Saudi-UAE-linked military deep state in Egypt, the regional and international military interventions in Bahrain and Yemen, and the destructive civil wars in Syria, Iraq, Libya and Yemen.

Some have referred to the succeeding and still ongoing conflicts as the Arab Winter. As of May 2018, only the uprising in Tunisia has resulted in a transition to constitutional democratic governance.
Arab Legion

The **Arab Legion** (Arabic: الفيلق العربي *al-failaq al-‘arabī*) was a five-country (Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Lebanon, Egypt) coalition of regular forces which fought alongside the All-Palestine Army against the Israel Defence Forces during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. After the war, it remained stationed in the First Palestinian Republic for over a decade under the auspices of the Arab League, mostly in an advisory capacity, but not without at least a nominal stabilisation effect on domestic politics. After the Palestinian republic's admission to the Arab League in 1950, the Arab Legion was given the official role of training and bringing up to date the military forces of the new republic, which was overtaken by Soviet advisors at the beginning of the 1960s as the Cold War picked up pace and Palestine aligned itself with the Warsaw Pact as a bulwark against Western support of Israel.
Central Committee (AUCP)

The **Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party** is the supreme organ of the All-Union Communist Party when the Party Congress is not in session. It is elected at each Party Congress (normally held every two years), and answers to subsequent Congress sessions. The Central Committee elects the Politburo, which is empowered to act on the Central Committee's behalf between sessions.
Arsuzi Military Academy

**Zaki al-Arsuzi Military Academy** (Arabic: مدرسة زكي الأرسوزي العسكرية *madrasat zakī al-arsūzī al-‘askarīyah*) is an officer training school in the Republic of Palestine, founded by the Palestinian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and jointly operated by the Ba'ath Party and the State Secretariat of Defence. In addition to training a significant portion of the commissioned officers in the Palestinian Army and Gendarmerie, the academy runs the only training program in the country for the Gendarmerie's Political Officers' Corps. It is located in Bethlehem.

Arsuzi Military Academy is located at 5 El-Wardieh St in central Bethlehem, the former location of Bethlehem University before moving to the larger campus at 115 El-Atfal St in 1990. The phone number for the academy's head office is (16)-1082-0406.
Beit Jala

Template:Infobox municipality**Beit Jala** (Arabic: بيت جالا) is a small city located approximately 2 km northwest of Bethlehem in Bethlehem County, West Bank, Palestine. Approximately 75% of the population are Arab Christians, mostly of the Greek Orthodox denomination; the remaining 25% are almost entirely Sunni Muslims.
Communist Party of Belarus

The **Communist Party of Belarus** is the founding and ruling political party of the Belarusian Socialist Republic, one of the union republics of the Eurasian Union. It is the Belarusian national branch of the All-Union Communist Party, the founding and ruling party of the Eurasian Union, which is based in Moscow, Russian Socialist Federal Republic. The current First Secretary of the Communist Party of Belarus is Tatsyana Holubeva, in office since 2010.
All-Union People's Armoury

The **All-Union People's Armoury** is the name of an armoury in Berlin, German Democratic Federal Republic, and the name of a defence company which uses the armoury as its headquarters, the largest weapons manufacturer and exporter in the Eurasian Union. It is a state-owned corporation, primarily manufacturing firearms, tanks and explosives for the Eurasian Army and the Armed Forces of the Eurasian Union.
Arabian Airlines

**Arabian Airlines** (Arabic: الخطوط العربية *al-khuṭūṭ al-‘arabīyah*; stylized **ARABIAN**) is a major airline of the Republic of Palestine, and the country's *de facto* flag carrier. It is a subsidiary of Arabian Airlines Group, which is owned by All-Arabian Holding Group, a publicly-traded joint stock company. It is the second-largest airline in the Arab World, operating over 3,000 flights per week to at least 140 destinations, and is considered a competitor to Emirates, the UAE's flag carrier. The airline is headquartered out of Rifaf Khan International Airport.

Arabian operates a modern fleet of 166 Airbus A300s, A320s, A330s and A340s; as well as 26 Boeing 737s, 767s and 777s. The fleet also includes 30 Bombardier CRJ-200 jets, used for short domestic and regional flights, bringing the airline's fleet size to a total of 222 aircraft. In 2016 the airline employed a total of 44,330 people, making it Palestine's fourth-largest employer after the government, the military and the Suez Canal Authority.

Arabian Airlines was founded by Ahmad Asfari in 1996, who remains a major shareholder and serves as CEO to this day.
Communist Party of Finland

The **Communist Party of Finland** (Finnish: *Suomen kommunistinen puolue*, *SKP*) is the founding and ruling political party of the Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic, a national republic of the Soviet Union. It is the Finnish national branch of the All-Union Communist Party (AUCP), the founding and ruling political party of the Soviet Union.

The SKP has one subordinate party branch: the Communist Party of Lapland–Sapmi, which governs the only autonomous republic of the Finnish SSR, the Lapland–Sapmi ASSR.
1964 Palestinian coup d'état

On 30 September 1964, the leadership of the Palestine Arab Party, supported by generals of the All-Palestine Army loyal to the Palestinian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party (which at this stage endorsed the Palestine Arab Party), staged a military coup which removed the current administration led by an Independence Party-Conservative Party coalition, resulting in the Republican Guard arresting 3rd President of Palestine Awni Abd al-Hadi and fellow top officials, and the implementation of a new regime led politically by a Palestine Arab Party-Ba'athist coalition. Palestine Arab Party Secretary-general Ahmad Shukeiri was inaugurated as president in January 1965, after twelve years of incarceration in Khan al-Ahmar Military Prison following the failed coup of 1952. On 1 December of that year, the draft of a new constitution was unanimously approved by a newly elected Palestine Arab Congress.
All-union city

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Communist Party of Sweden

The **Communist Party of Sweden** (**SKP**) is the founding and ruling political party of the Swedish Democratic Republic (SDR), one of the member republics of the Scandinavian Democratic Federal Republic (SDFR). It is a branch of the All-Union Communist Party (AUCP) headquartered in Moscow, RSFR.

The Communist Party of Sweden is one of three parties which make up the Scandinavian Progressive Union Front (SPUF), which contest elections as a united front to the Unionkongressen, the bicameral legislature of the SDFR.
Amjed Farrah

**Dr. Younis Amjed Farrah** (Arabic: يونس أمجد فرّح; b. 19 July 1973 in Bethlehem) is a Palestinian psychologist and politician, who has served since 2014 as Secretary of Family Development in the Cabinet of Palestine.

## Biography

Farrah was born in Bethlehem to an Ismaili Shiite family of Damascene origin. He became a member of the Palestinian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in 1997, and graduated from al-Quds University in 1999 with a Master of Psychology majoring in clinical psychology and minoring in child psychology. He served from 2000 to 2005 as Secretary of the Bethlehem Chapter of the Palestinian Regional Branch. In April 2010, he was named Secretary of Family Development in the cabinet of newly elected Prime Minister Yahya Abdalati; barely a month later, however, he was diagnosed with lung cancer, and was prevented from ever assuming office as he began intensive radiation therapy. He began to recover slowly, and by late 2012 was informed by his doctors at St. Joseph's Hospital that he had entered remission. By late 2013, he had almost completely recovered, and in January 2014 was invited by Abdalati and President Roman Kindi to resume his appointed role, which had been left technically vacant during his illness, its responsibilities overseen by Deputy-Secretary of Family Development Hiba Ismail as Acting Secretary of Family Development.
Arabian Airlines Group

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Arabian Airlines Group's other main subsidiary is Aeropal Express, Palestine's largest air and ground courier company.
Bethlehem University

**Bethlehem University** (Arabic: جامعة بيت لحم *jāmi‘at bayt laḥm*) is a major Palestinian university, and the fourth-largest post-secondary institution in the country by number of enrolled students. It is located at 115 El-Atfal St in Bethlehem, Bethlehem County, west of the city centre. The university's Faculty of Medicine operates a major residency program out of Bethlehem University Hospital as well as St. Joseph's Hospital in East Jerusalem.
Bab el-Zahara

**Bab el-Zahara** (Arabic: باب الساهرة) is a borough of East Jerusalem, Palestine located in the city centre southeast of the boroughs of Sheikh Jarrah and the American Colony, east of the borough of Wadi el-Jouz, and north of the Old City of Jerusalem. It is home to Damascus Gate Station, home to the central bus station and the terminus of three Palrail Express lines.
Stray Kids 2nd LoveSTAY "SKZ's Chocolate Factory"

**Stray Kids 2nd #LoveSTAY 'SKZ's Chocolate Factory'** é a segunda reunião de fãs realizada por Stray Kids. Foi realizado em 12 de fevereiro de 2022 às 18h KST e em 13 de fevereiro de 2022 às 5pm KST offline no Olympic Hall, e em 13 de fevereiro online via Beyond LIVE.

## História

Em 7 de janeiro, a Stray Kids anunciou sua segunda encontro de fãs a ser realizada nos dias 12 e 13 de fevereiro offline e em 13 de fevereiro online.

As atuações de Felix foram limitadas devido a lesões nas costas.

A votação foi re-transmitida nos dias 5 e 6 de março de 2022.
Ammunition Hill

**Ammunition Hill** (Arabic: تلة الذخيرة *tallat adh-dhakhīrah*) is a small hill in East Jerusalem, Palestine, near the American Colony district, which was the location of a fortified military post during the Israeli occupation of Palestine and was the site of one of the fiercest battles during the 1976–1979 Sinai War. It was under Israeli administration until the end of the 1996 Mount Zion War, when the boundaries of East and West Jerusalem were agreed upon. Today it is a Palestinian national war memorial, and a preserved part of the original fort and bunker, used as a museum, is a popular tourist attraction.
Andrawos Bassous

**Andrawos Bassous** (Arabic: أندراوس باسوس; b. 11 November 1991 in Bethlehem) is a Palestinian-Swedish photographer and internet celebrity. He has had many of his photographs and some videos featured on Al-Jazeera, BBC and Al-Arabiya, among others. He is well-known for working in conflict areas, such as his YouTube documentary about Damascus' recovery during the final stages of the Syrian Civil War.
Communist Party of Albania

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Communist Party of Karelia

The **Communist Party of Karelia** is the governing party of the Karelian Soviet Socialist Republic, one of the national republics of the Soviet Union. It is a national branch of the All-Union Communist Party, the founding and ruling political party of the Soviet Union. Jorma Raitanen has served as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Karelia since April 2010, and since April 2017 as Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Premier) of the Karelian SSR.

The Communist Party of Karelia has one subordinate branch, the Communist Party of Murmansk–Sapmi, which governs the Murmansk–Sapmi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, the only autonomous republic of the Karelian SSR.
Balady County

**Balady County** (Arabic: مقاطعة البلادي *muqāṭa‘at al-balādī*) is a county in the Sinai region of Palestine. Its largest city and county seat is Arish, located on the Mediterranean coast at the mouth of the River Pleides (البلادي *al-balādī*). It borders Bir el-Abd County on the west, Sheikh Zoweid County on the east, and Hassaneh County on the south.
Benefs Observatory

**Dr. Mohammed Amin Aita Observatory**, known colloquially as **Benefs Observatory**, is a celestial observatory located outside the city of Benefs in the Republic of Palestine. It was built in 1991 and is maintained and operated by Al-Quds University's Faculty of Astronomy, and is considered one of the top observatories in the Middle East due to the unparalleled observation point on which it sits.
Brussels

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Canal Naval Construction Co.

**Canal Naval Construction Co.** is a Palestinian defence contractor based out of Port Fuad, across the Suez Canal from Port Said. It is the primary supplier of hardware to the Palestinian Navy, and also develops much of the hardware used in the government's spy satellite program. The company is publicly traded as a public joint-stock company. 51% of its shares are owned by the Palestinian Armed Forces.
Bethlehem University Hospital

**Bethlehem University Hospital** (Arabic: مستشفى جامعة بيت لحم *mustashfā jāmi‘at bayt laḥm*) is a teaching hospital located on the campus of Bethlehem University in Bethlehem, Bethlehem County, Palestine. It is one of the most prestigious hospitals in the country, hosting the largest residency program of the university's Faculty of Medicine.
Communist Party of Norway

The **Communist Party of Norway** (**NKP**) is a political party which was formed in Norway in 1923. It is the founding and ruling political party of the Norwegian Democratic Republic, a constituent republic of the Scandinavian Democratic Federal Republic, part of the Eurasian Union. It is one of three members of the Scandinavian Progressive Union Front, the other two being the Communist Party of Sweden (SKP) and the Communist Party of Denmark (DKP), which govern the federated Eurasian union republic known as the Scandinavian Democratic Federal Republic (SDFR).
All-Palestine Provisional Government

Flag of the provisional government

The **All-Palestine Provisional Government** (Arabic: حكومة عموم فلسطين المؤقتة *ḥukūmat ‘umūm falasṭīn al-mu’aqqatah*) was established by the Arab Higher Committee and the Palestine Arab Congress under the auspices of the Arab League on 30 November 1947, the day of the publication of the Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Palestine, to manage the political transition from the period of the British mandate to the First Palestinian Republic. It functioned as a temporary administration governing the territories under the control of the Army of the Republic of Palestine and its Arab Legion allies, during and immediately after the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. It was dissolved in July 1950 after the inauguration of Ragheb al-Nashashibi as President of Palestine.

Following Nashashibi's election, the Arab Higher Committee became the Cabinet of Palestine, and the subsequent Palestine Arab Congress elections resulted in a majority for Nashashibi's National Defence Party, the remaining seats going to the Palestine Arab Party of Amin al-Husseini, the runner-up in the presidential election.
Beit Ijza

**Beit Ijza** (Arabic: بيت إجزا *bayt ijzā*, Hebrew: גבעת זאב *giv'at ze'ev*) is a new city located in southeastern Khalidia County, West Bank, Palestine. The 2016 municipal census recorded a total population of 38,419, nearly 25% of whom were Jews, with the remaining 75% almost entirely Arab Christians, mostly of the Greek Orthodox denomination.

The city was founded in 1979 immediately after the end of the Israeli occupation of Palestine, on the site of a former Palestinian National Salvation Front training camp. It was named after a small village located on the southwestern edge of the site of the new city, and thus known at first as "New Beit Ijza" (بيت إجزا الجديد *beit ijzā al-jadīd*); the village was officially incorporated with the new city into a single municipality named Beit Ijza in 1985 after the municipalities had *de facto* merged as there was no longer any farms or empty land separating the village from the new city.

The northeastern outskirts of Beit Ijza host Sarar Prison, one of the largest prisons in Palestine.
Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades

**al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades** (Arabic: كتائب شهداء الاقصى *katā’eb shuhadā’ al-aqsā*) is a secular coalition of nationalist and Ba'athist militias and paramilitary divisions under the command of the Palestinian National Guard. The brigades can be recognised by their yellow berets.

Founded in Cairo in 1967 by Yasser Arafat shortly after the Six-Day War and capitulation of the first republic, the group became a leading faction in Rifaf Khan's Palestinian National Salvation Front (PNSF), which spearheaded the Palestinian popular armed resistance to the Israeli occupation. While beginning as a guerrilla war, the insurgency culminated in all-out armed conflict in the 1976–79 Sinai War, which ended with Israeli withdrawal from the occupied territories and the establishment of a second republic. While much of the PNSF forces became part of the reconstituted armed forces, the al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades remained a partisan force outside the government bureaucracy along with fellow community militias and Fedayeen forces in the National Guard.
Central Committee of the Regional Command of the Palestinian Regional Branch

The **Central Committee** (Arabic:مجلس المركز *majlis al-markiz*) is the highest policymaking authority within the Regional Command of the Palestinian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. It consists of twenty-five members elected from and by the Regional Command, and is responsible for electing the membership of the Secretariat, the highest executive authority in the Regional Command, as well as the Regional Secretary, the highest office of the Secretariat who leads the Central Committee and by extension the Regional Command.
Communist Party of Armenia

The **Communist Party of Armenia** is a communist political party founded in Armenia in 1920. It is the ruling political party of Armenia, officially known as the Armenian Socialist Republic. The party is a subnational branch subordinate to the Communist Party of the Transcaucasian Federation (CPTF), itself subordinate to the All-Union Communist Party (AUCP), the founding and ruling political party of the Eurasian Union.
Bulgarian Democratic Republic

The **Bulgarian Democratic Republic** (**BDR**; Bulgarian: Българска демократична република, БДР *Bǎlgarska demokratična republika*, *BDR*), informally known as **Bulgaria** (България *Bǎlgariya*), is a socialist republic in Southeast Europe, and one of 26 constituent republics of the Eurasian Union. Its capital and largest city is Sofia and its official language is Bulgarian. The republic is a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of Bulgaria, the national branch of the All-Union Communist Party, the founding and ruling political party of the Eurasian Union. Home to just over 7 million people, Bulgaria is the fifth-least populous union republic.
Baksan

**Baksan** (Rangyayo: 白山市 *baksān-zhi*) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Rangya, as well as the administrative seat of Baksan County. In the 2016 census, Baksan was home to 901,440 people, while the metropolitan area extending across Baksan County to Dotsin Prefecture, Hangphu Prefecture, and Shichen County is home to about 4 million people, two-thirds the total national population.
Bassel Abbas

**Bassel Abbas Lindsqo el-Beity** (Arabic: باسل عباس لندسقو البيتي) is a Palestinian businessman and entrepreneur, who since 2001 has served as CEO and CFO of PALCOM, one of the nation's largest telecommunications companies. He is a paternal cousin of President of Palestine Roman Kindi. He is also the founder and owner of Istizada Consulting, a medium-sized private IT consulting firm.
1947 Mandatory Palestine War

The **1947 Mandatory Palestine War**, also known as the **Civil War in Mandatory Palestine**, was a civil war which broke out on 30 November 1947 between Jewish and Arab militias in the British Mandate for Palestine, immediately after the Palestinian declaration of independence the night before, which the British mandatory administration and Jewish community refused to recognise. It lasted until the official termination of the mandate by the British in May 1948 and the simultaneous Israeli declaration of independence, which brought regular and allied forces into the conflict that would ultimately become the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
SMTOWN Live 2023 : SMCU Palace@Jakarta

**SMTOWN Live 2023 : SMCU Palace@Jakarta** é um concerto conjunto realizado por artistas SM Entertainment (coletivamente conhecidos como SMTOWN). Foi realizado em 23 de setembro de 2023, no Gelora Bung Karno Stadium, em Jacarta, na Indonésia.

## História

Em 23 de julho de 2023, a SM anunciou que realizaria o SMTOWN LIVE 2023 SMCU PALACE em Jacarta, Indonésia. O concerto será em parceria com o KB Bank, celebrando o 50º aniversário das relações diplomáticas Coreia-Indonésia.

Em 26 de agosto, foi anunciado que o concerto será transmitido ao vivo via Beyond LIVE, KNTV e Weverse Concert com retransmissão em 28 de outubro.

## Lista de conjuntos

1. aespa - "Girls" (Band ver.)
2. aespa - "Hold On Tight" (Band ver.)
3. aespa - "Better Things"
4. aespa - "Next Level" (Band ver.)
5. WayV - "Kick Back" (Korean ver.)
6. WayV - "Take Off"
7. WayV - "It's Only Me" (cover)
8. WayV - "Love Talk"
9. NCT 127 - "Limitless"
10. NCT 127 - "Lemonade"
11. NCT 127 - "Ay-Yo"
12. NCT 127 - "Kick It"
13. SUPER JUNIOR - "Black Suit"
14. SUPER JUNIOR - "Mamacita"
15. SUPER JUNIOR - "Mr. Simple"
16. SUPER JUNIOR - "Bonamana" (Rock ver.)
17. Taeyong, Jeno, Hendery, Giselle & Yangyang - "Zoo"
18. NCT Dream - "Candy"
19. RIIZE - "Memories"
20. Red Velvet - "Psycho"
21. Red Velvet - "Birthday"
22. Red Velvet - "Queendom"
23. Red Velvet - "Red Flavor" (R to V ver.)
24. NCT Dream - "Glitch Mode"
25. NCT Dream - "Hot Sauce"
26. NCT Dream - "Yogurt Shake"
27. NCT Dream - "Beatbox"
28. TVXQ! - "Rising Sun"
29. TVXQ! - "Keep Your Head Down"
30. TVXQ! - "Hi Ya Ya Summer Day"
31. TVXQ! - "Balloons"
32. TVXQ! - "Somebody to Love" (Korean ver.)
33. RIIZE - "Get a Guitar"
34. NCT U - "Baggy Jeans"
35. aespa - "Spicy"
36. NCT Dream - "ISTJ"
37. WayV - "Phantom" (English ver.)
38. Red Velvet - "Feel My Rhythm"
39. NCT 127 - "Faster"
40. NCT 127 - "2 Baddies"
41. TVXQ! - "Mirotic"
42. SUPER JUNIOR - "Sorry, Sorry" (Rock ver.)
43. SMTOWN - "Hope from Kwangya"
Budapest Naval Station

**Budapest Naval Station** (محطة بودابست البحرية *maḥaṭṭat būdābest al-baḥrīyah*) is a military harbour located on the Mediterranean coast of Port Fuad directly across the Suez Canal from Port Said. It was named after the former Fort Budapest, the northernmost point along the Bar-Lev line during Israel's occupation of the Sinai Peninsula during the 1970s, on whose site the naval base was founded. Today it serves as the headquarters and main hub of operations of the Palestinian Navy, and is also the location of the Palestinian Naval Officers' Academy and the headquarters of the Naval Intelligence Directorate.

Construction began on 19 June 1979, just after the end of the Sinai War; the base was opened on 26 March 1981.
American Colony

The **American Colony** (Arabic: المستعمرة الأمريكية *al-musta‘amrah al-amrīkīyah*) is a borough of East Jerusalem, Palestine. It is bounded by the boroughs of Sheikh Jarrah to the north, Wadi el-Jouz to the east, Bab el-Zahara to the south, and by West Jerusalem, Israel to the west. The American Colony is home to many government buildings, including the Supreme Court and the State Secretariat of Justice, as well as the embassies of countries which recognise Palestine's capital as Jerusalem, such as Syria, Egypt, China, Russia, Venezuela and Brazil.

American Christian leader Horatio Spafford originally established a colony in the area near the Garden Tomb in 1881. Nothing of the original colony remains, but the name grew to include the whole neighbourhood and remains in use to the present day.
All-Union People's Inspectorate

The **All-Union People's Inspectorate** (Russian: Всесоюзная народная инспекция, ВНИ *Vsesoyuznaya narodnaya inspektsiya*, *VNI*), commonly shortened to the **People's Inspectorate**, is a permanent body attached to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union. It is responsible for supervising the Council of Ministers' application of funding as per budged policy set out by the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union and the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. It consists of a chair and deputy chair, who are both permanent members of the Council of Ministers at the all-union level.

The People's Inspectorate is similar to the office of state comptroller in several other nations.
Abdul Rahman Khan

**Abdul Rahman Younis Khan al-Maqdisi** (Arabic: عبد الرحمن يونس خان المقدسي) is a Palestinian officer who since 2009 has served as Chief of Staff of the Palestinian Army, holding the rank of Field Marshal. He was born in 1969 in the Arab Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem. He is a paternal nephew of Rifaf Khan, fourth President of Palestine.
Bassel Barghouti

**Dr. Bassel Barghouti** (Arabic: باسل البرغوثي; born 14 May 1960 in Jenin) is a Palestinian lawyer and former Supreme Court justice, who has served since 2014 as Minister of Justice in the Cabinet of Prime Minister Yahya Abdalati. Barghouti has a Doctorate of Law from al-Quds University. He is a son of Palestinian People's Party founder Bashir Barghouti.