Moldova

**Republic of Moldova** is a country in Eastern Europe that borders Ukraine and Romania. The capital is Chisinau.

Since September 3, 1990, the post of President has been held by Mircea Snegur, the Prime Minister is Andrei Sangeli. The administrative division of Moldova was transferred from the Moldavian SSR in the form of districts and cities of republican subordination. There are also territories that are not controlled by the government – the Republic of Gagauzia and Transnistria.

## Moldova

Flag

Moldova on the map

### Ethnic groups

63% - Moldovans
14% - Ukranians

12% - Russians

11% - Other

### Government

Unitary parliamentary republic
President - Mircea Snegur

Premier-minister - Andrei Sangheli

President (Parlament) - Alexandru Moșanu

## History

### Moldavian SSR

Bessarabia was part of Romania for 22 years — in the period from March 27, 1918 to June 28, 1940. The map of the Moldavian ASSR designating Bessarabia as the territory of the "Romanian occupation" on June 28, 1940, as a result of the signing of the Molotov—Ribbentrop Pact, Romania was forced to cede Bessarabia to the USSR.

As a result, the Moldavian SSR was formed. During the Great Patriotic War, it was occupied by German and Romanian troops; the Governorate of Bessarabia was formed by the Romanian administration. On August 24, 1944, as a result of the Iasi-Kishinev operation, the territory of the MSSR was liberated by Soviet troops.

With the help of other republics of the USSR, the restoration and construction of the economy of the Moldavian SSR began. At the same time, the active "Sovietization" of the republic began, expressed, among other things, in the introduction of the Russian language as the language of interethnic communication of the peoples of the USSR, acting officially on a par with the Moldovan language, as well as in the promotion of party workers from neighboring republics to leadership positions.

In 1989, there were organizations advocating for the national revival of Moldovans: the A. Mateevich Club, the Moldovan Democratic Movement, the Democratic League of Students and others, which later merged into the Popular Front of Moldova. At first, these organizations advocated the official status of the Moldovan language, the transition to the Latin script, the adoption of the Romanian tricolor as the national flag, etc. But very soon this movement turned from a Moldovan national movement into a pro-Romanian one.

### Independent Moldova

On August 27, 1991, the independence of Moldova was proclaimed.

The conflict between the Moldovan and Transnistrian authorities, which began in 1989, in 1992 led to an armed confrontation and numerous victims on both sides. The fighting was stopped thanks to the intervention of Russia. The fighting recovered after the sabotage in Tiraspol. At the time of June 18, 1993, the Transnistrian forces have control only over Tiraspol, and Gagauzia began an accelerated dialogue with the authorities.

## Administrative divisions of Moldova

After gaining independence as a result of the collapse of the USSR, Moldova retained the administrative-territorial division that existed in the Moldavian SSR. The changes were related only to the renaming of part of the settlements in the country, which was in most cases associated with getting rid of Soviet toponymy. At the first level of the administrative-territorial division of Moldova there were 40 districts and 10 cities of republican subordination.