recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Ducks

Ducks are the concepts of creatures often characterized as creatures that belong in Anatidae. Ducks are one of the most common animals portrayed in Western media. They are most well known for their duck bills, however these beaks are often inaccurately portrayed and exaggerated, being far more broad and wide than most duck species, even the most common ones. They end up looking more like a short spoonbill beak instead of a real duck's. They are also known for their aquatic nature, floating on the surface of the water, and dipping their faces into the water with their rear ends sticking out. Their unusual webbed feet that they use to swim is also a favored body part of the animal. Most people understand webbed feet from ducks, and when they notice that humans and other animals have webbed feet (such as dogs) they attribute it from ducks. Their adorable, often yellow ducklings that follow their mother- or believing that something is their mom as it was present the moment it hatched, and then following it.

It seems to me that a large number of "ducks" are given suffixes like shelducks, eiders, teals, whistle ducks, shovelers, etc. These imply that they are a kind of duck or not necessarily a duck at all. Maybe even a special type of duck. But deep down we know- quite obviously- they're clearly **ducks**.

Ducks have been portrayed since some of the earliest black-and-white cartoons. Donald Duck is the most famous character, being a major part of the Disney franchise, being one of Mickey Mouse's main friends. Ducks were commonly hunted back in the day and sometimes even raised on farms. Ducks became slightly less popular at some point in time, but remained a common theme on farm sets and were taught to kids to be a farm animal, though they often saw it as a pond animal that came into the barn to be around it, rather than an actual domesticated one. For this reason, while white ducks are known, it is the male mallard that is the highlight of American portrayals, as most people see "ducks" not only as broad billed aquatic birds of any color, but as a real wild animal that can occur in ponds in farms and sometimes in the city. Some places like botanical gardens intentionally attract ducks and sell duck kibble in 25 or 50 cent dispensaries for the sake of entertaining guests. Duck meat isn't common in America, but it can occaisonally be found in expensive or Asian restaurants.
Macaca rilewa

I renamed it from Macaca sinica since sinica means China and it only lives in Sri Lanka. It's easy to make these dumb changes, they just haven't bothered. I care, so I will. According to Wikipedia රිළවා is rilewa or rilawa in Sinhalese, the common indigenous Sri Lankan language. Rilewa looks more scientific-name-Latiny, so I'll go with that vowel. I also think that, since they have stylish hair, it would make more sense to name them after their hair rather than for a hat that, as the term is used today, encompasses a wide variety of hats. It doesn't even look like it has a hat. There are other macaques that look like they have hats. This one clearly just has hair. It makes more sense to name it for this thing in English instead of just calling it a macaque-macaque or Rilewa macaque, in my opinion. But I guess a Sri Lankan macaque is okay. So after some research I think I'll call it the bowl-cut macaque. It can part like curtains on longer variations, but I think on most it looks like a short bowl. So short bowl cut, bowl crop macaque, etc. Call it a bowl macaque. Don't let scientists and common people burden you with unnecessary names. I have renamed it. I'll rename its subspecies later, when I figure them out more.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toque\_macaque&oldid=1156698942
Canis lupus hattai †

This wolf is an extinct wolf from the Hokkaido and Sakhalin islands. It is infamously known as the Hokkaido wolf, though it can also be called the Ezou wolf and, for the Russian wolves, the Sakhalin wolf. It went extinct during the Meiji era as a result of farmers poisoning it. It was not the only wolf in Japan, with the other being the Honshu wolf. This wolf is more related to North American wolves than Eurasian wolves.

In Ainu culture they were celebrated as important animals. They held the distinction between wolves and dogs, but let them interbreed enough that the lines were somewhat blurred. They hunted, ate, raised, and sacrificed wolves. Various mountains and other locations are named after wolves. Their mythology differs from town to town, but there's a white wolf god who marries either a goddess or a human girl, and then their offspring become the Ainu. A poem tells the story of a white wolf god who began his life as a pet, who refused to kill his owner. But after being killed twice for the same reasons, the other wolf gods destroyed the village. Another story tells of a white fox who saved the wolf gods by scaring away monsters that scared away their prey.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTp9CPwj8oo
2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hokkaido\_wolf&oldid=1069113401
3. ↑ https://www.google.com/books/edition/The\_Lost\_Wolves\_of\_Japan/NBUTCgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Horkew%20Kamuy&pg=PA83&printsec=frontcover
Chiroptera

This is an order in the study of taxonomy. Bats and myotises are the creatures contained in it. Chiroptera fossils don't preserve well due to their bones being more delicate for flight and hanging. As a result scientists are a little unsure of their record, or at least that's what they tell the public. However, they are at least 48 million years old with the reddish-brown *Palaeochiropteryx tupaiodon* and *Hassianycteris kumari*.

Bats used to be placed in Archonta. This group also contained primates, treeshrews, colugos. Chiroptera is broken into a two dfferent suborders: Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera. This is a reference to yin and yang, a Chinese religious concept.

There is an Australian movie called Chiroptera.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Archonta&oldid=1134910023
2. ↑ https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9318768/?ref\_=fn\_al\_tt\_1
Lutra lutra

The Eurasian otter is found throughout Europe and Asia, and is also found in northwestern Africa. It is very territorial.

## Religion and Impact

**Iceland:** There was a dwarf named Otter who was a shape-shifter and preferred the shape of an otter. He may have been a teen. One day he was sleeping on the river bank after having eaten a salmon. Loki, who was traveling with his friends Odin and Hoenir at the time, threw a rock at the otter to kill it. They skinned and ate him. When they found the nearby house of his family, they were shocked, and demanded blood money. The trio was to fill the skin up with regular gold, then cover up the said skin with red gold. They got all this gold by asking the sea goddess Ran for a net, which they then used on another shapeshifting dwarf, who preferred the form of a pike. He had a golden ring which could help him find lots of gold, so he had lots of gold. When Loki, Odin, and Hoenir took this gold Andvari the dwarf cursed all of it. Then when they gave the father of Otter the blood money, they became cursed. The eldest son became cursed with goldlust, and killed his father over it. He then became a dragon to guard his treasure. Then he was killed Sigurd, who was sent by Regin. Then Regin became cursed by the gold, and so on the story goes.

**Ireland:** In crytozoology there is said to be a giant otter called the King Otter, or Water-dog. Facts have not been yet checked by me. Couldn't find women's grave on findagrave.com.

1. ↑ https://www.google.com/books/edition/The\_Volsunga\_Saga/otS1YSr3-hkC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=otter
Equus ferus ferus

This is called the tarpan or the Eurasian wild horse. They were domesticated to create the modern *Equus ferus caballus*, the riding horse. It is said that the last one died in the Russian empire in 1909. However, it may be that tarpans were extinct by this time and it was only a hybrid or a wild-looking horse. It seems that they went extinct not just from human hunting and capturing, but genetically through hybridization. As horses escaped or were released into the wild, they bred with the local tarpans and changed their looks, creating more colors and longer hair. Horses were occasionally selected to be given to zoos and other places under the name of "tarpan". We don't even know whether they had a mohawk or a short but falling mane. We know of a few colors that they could be, like black dun, but it seems people are still unsure of what they looked like outside of their skeletons. It is entirely possible that the term "tarpan" is used to describe a kind of wild horse that was already (genetically) extinct by the time someone first tried to describe its descendants, which means that tarpan should be applied to either a certain kind of (probably now extinct) feral horse group or to a hybridized group of tarpans.

## Name

An older scientific name for this is Equus gmelini, Antonius 1912. This was named after the Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin who in 1771 brought a Russian group of wild horses to attention. They already had the Equus ferus name however, since 1784 from the Dutch Pieter Boddaert.

The name Tarpan was taken from Russian which was in turn derived from Kazakh's or Kyrgyz's *тарпан* (tarpan). Wikipedia suggests that this may have been derived from the Tartar or Cossack *takja*.

The word "horse" has similar variations throughout Europe. It ultimately derives from words of vehicle and run, fitting for the domesticated horse.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.mindat.org/taxon-7919457.html
2. ↑ https://www.theextinctions.com/articles-1/5wa1nzaq7zveeuawomiqu2n3c6cfdj
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarpan&oldid=1169686402
4. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=tarpan&oldid=75824673
5. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=horse&oldid=76281706
Christmas

Christmas is a holiday celebrated in many countries on December 25th. It's sort of a mixture between celebrating Christ's birth and a derivation of multiple Pagan traditions that have evolved into a celebration of winter and gifts. Some celebrators exclude the Christian elements.

Many animals are associated with Christmas. Most of them relate to either the North Pole or to other Euro-American winter animals. Snow is an important theme of Christmas, even in tropical areas, and in many ways Christmas is a tradition that honors the animals of the cold. These animals include polar bears, penguins, and Santa's reindeer. Other animals that are commonly portrayed, but not always known to be Christmas animals include forest deer, passerine birds (ironically, as many of these birds migrate for winter), partridges, doves, walruses, seals, squirrels, mice, dogs and other pets, European robins, etc. Additionally other animals are associated with the Christian side of Christmas, the Nativity scene. These are generally the farm animals that would have been present at Jesus' birth and right after: donkeys, oxen, sheep, camels, etc. In general, the animals sacred to Jesus' birth aren't the sacred in the "Xmas" side of the tradition. That is, camels and donkeys are only sacred for Christ's birthday and have nothing to do with the snow festivities that include Santa Claus and Christmas trees. While the decorations outside of a house may include one or the other or both, there is still a stark difference between these two holidays blended into one. Additionally other countries may have animals that are sacred to their Christmas, such as kangaroos to Australia.
Engraulis australis

The Australian anchovy is found in the Tasman sea and East Gipssland lakes. It is eaten and also used as fishing bait.

1. ↑ https://www.water.vic.gov.au/\_\_data/assets/pdf\_file/0025/541519/IEC2021\_Fish-Summary-and-Veg-Maps\_East-Gippsland.pdf
2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australian\_anchovy&oldid=1013520422
Hippocampus zebra

For some stupid reason it's called the seahorse zebra instead of the seazebra. "But it's still a seahorse!" No, we literally do this to animals all the time. It doesn't have to be too different to call it a seazebra. We'll think about it differently, sure, but it's still the same animal. It's just the choices we make in animal names. Like all animals named after the zebra, it is striped. This animal is credited to a Whitley in 1964. This animal isn't listed as endangered or as least concern by the IUCN due to a lack of data. However, it is considered to live off of the north Australian coast, from east to west.

1. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/107261083/54906819
Hippocampus capensis

The Knysna seahorse is an endangered species found along the coastal waters of South Africa. Its breeding grounds lie in a lake by the city of Knysna, hence the name.  It has the smallest home range of any seahorse. Some asshole named Boulenger documented this species in 1900.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10056/54903534
2. ↑ https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/102815-Hippocampus-capensis
3. ↑ https://projectseahorse.org/hippocampus-capensis-the-latest-iseahorse-vip-horse/
4. ↑ https://fishbase.se/summary/Hippocampus-capensis.html
National Animals of Countries

Many countries have national animals. A lot of them have a National Animal and in addition several more animals, such as a National Bird or a National Fish. Sometimes they same type, but not species, of animal is in both. In addition to a National Animal, prefectures, states, territories, and other large areas also have a symbolic creature associated with it.
Neogale

Neogale is a genus that was founded in 2021. It is a group of American creatures that used to be categorized as belonging to *Mustela*. Genetic analysis revealed further separation, thus causing the split. The animals continued to be called weasels, thus examplifying how the English common name is not truly reflective of scientific data (that is to say, not all weasels are from Mustela, even though Wikipedia currently redirects Mustela to Weasels and they are one in the same article.) The name kind of reminds me of Neopets.

Living species of Neogale include:

* *Neogale africana*
* *Neogale felipei*
* *Neogale frenata*
* *Neogale vison*

## See also

* *Mustela*
* Weasels
* Minks

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neogale&oldid=1097169319
2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weasel&oldid=1100250142
3. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350850673\_On\_the\_nomenclature\_of\_the\_American\_clade\_of\_weasels\_Carnivora\_Mustelidae
Little Bear (Franchise)

Little Bear began as a series of books written by Else Holmelund Minarik and illustrated by Maurice Sendak. It spurned a TV series, and eventually, a movie. It features an anthropomorphic brown bear cub named Little Bear and his family and friends. It is a Canadian television series that was distributed into the United States as well.

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Little\_Bear\_(book)&oldid=1130166165
2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Little\_Bear\_(TV\_series)&oldid=1135342612
Caninae

Caninae is a subfamily of Canidae. It consists of all living canids. It is split into three tribes: Canini, Vulpini, and Urocyonini.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caninae&oldid=1147721685
2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List\_of\_canids&oldid=1142398441
3. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canidae&oldid=1148671360
4. ↑ http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/TaxonPositions.aspx?id=66462&src=0
Hippocampus spinosissimus

The hedgehog seahorse, or Queensland Seahorse, is accredited to a Weber in 1913, whoever that is. I'm not sure, but its species name may be related to Italian for thorny. It derives from Latin anyways, but looks closer to the Italian forms than the Latin one. They are listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN. They can be found in the oceans of northwest Australia (Queensland State) and Malaysia. They are sometimes misidentified as *H. histrix*. *H. aimei* and *H. arnei* are apparently synonyms for them, though I don't know what went about or what happened for them to decide that they were the same.

They are not the only seahorse in Queensland. Winged seahorses, pygmy seahorses, low-crowned seahorses, Denise's seahorses, Bighead seahorses, Hendricki seahorses, thorny seahorses, common seahorses, dull seahorses (what a terrible name), and zebra seahorses. However, they do seem to have a wide range of Queensland and, at least in Australia, seem to only be found there. The name hedgehog comes from hedgehogs, of course. To be honest, I don't see how these are particularly spiny. I guess they do have lots of little bumps everywhere, but there are seahorses with much longer spikes that are more hedgehog like.

## Sea also

* Seahorses
* Hedgehogs

## External links

* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0tr8W-r4thg&pp=ygURaGVkZ2Vob2cgc2VhaG9yc2U%3D

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 https://projectseahorse.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/spinosissimus.pdf
2. ↑ https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/102835-Hippocampus-spinosissimus
3. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=spinosissimo&oldid=63122879
4. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=spinosus&oldid=67171299
5. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/107259870/54906372
6. ↑ https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/Home/species/1549
7. ↑ https://projectseahorse.org/resource/food-and-feeding-habits-of-the-seahorses-hippocampus-spinosissimus-and-hippocampus-trimaculatus-malaysia/
8. ↑ https://www.fishbase.se/summary/Hippocampus-spinosissimus.html
9. ↑ https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/Home/species/1549
10. ↑ https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/Home/species/1548
11. ↑ https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/Home/species/1540
12. ↑ https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/Home/species/1546
13. ↑ https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/Home/species/4772
14. ↑ https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/Home/species/4037
15. ↑ https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/Home/species/3336
16. ↑ https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/Home/species/2696
17. ↑ https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/Home/species/1536
18. ↑ https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/Home/species/1544
19. ↑ https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/Home/species/1539
Glires

Glires is a hypothetical grandorder that currently categorizes Scandentia, Rodentia, and Lagomorpha. Apparently the existence of it as a concept has helped scientists with their genetic research.  In the past Carl Linnaeus had used it as his fourth category of mammals. It consisted of porcupines, beavers, beaver-rats, rats, mice, hamsters, mole rats, marmots, squirrels, flying squirrels, jerboas, hares, and ashkokos. Basically anything that we'd call a "rodent" today.

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glires&oldid=1137411245
Martes melampus

The Japanese Marten is a carnivorous mustelid. They are a bright red-orange with a white face. They have three subspecies: *M. m. coreensis, M. m. melampus and M. m. tsuensis.* The first is rare, living within the Korean peninsula. The second lives on many islands in Japan, while the last is exclusive to Tsushima island. Japanese Martens are omnivorous as they regularly eat fruit, and are important part of regulating their environment by spreading seeds.

In some parts of Japan it was once believed that the Japanese weasel turned into a Japanese marten after a century of its life had passed.

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese\_marten&oldid=1098889879
2. ↑ https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Martes\_melampus/#84dd9026883409a55f7f73bfe1202d71
Mustela altaica

Missing history on its scientific name*This article is missing some information about how its taxonomic/scientific name has changed through time. You can improve this by contributing to the article.**Missing media*This article is missing information about its appearances in media. This may include books, television, video games, and newspapers. You can improve this by contributing to the article.
The solongoi, or mountain weasel, Altai weasel, or pale weasel, is a mustelid that lives in Asian mountains. The population has recently dropped due to habitat loss. Not much information about them is available to the public. They are assessed as Near Threatened by the IUCN. They appear to live in two separate mountain populations, one in Mongolia, China, and North Korea; the other in China, Bhutan, Nepal, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgystan.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mountain\_weasel&oldid=1074764687
2. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41653/45213647
Butterflies

Butterflies are a kind of bug that is very famous and common. They have large, decorative wings made of powder called scales. The word butterfly applies exclusively to the adult form. They metamorphize from caterpillars. They are incredibly important to Western animal knowledge and everyone knows what a butterfly is. They are considered to be delicate, graceful, and pretty.
Bunolagus monticularis

The Riverine rabbit or Bushman hare is an leporid native to the Karoo Desert of South Africa. It is critically endangered, having between 500 and 1,500 individuals suriving in the wild. The Sanbona Wildlife Reserve offers protection and species research to and of these rabbits. It is nocturnal but hunted by diurnal raptors.

There are various kinds of people that would have involved themselves with this species, but I am not doing that research right now.

I am not sure what buno means in its name, but I am sure that this is a "bunny" or "bunbun" pun.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Riverine\_rabbit&oldid=1146952728
Disney's Bambi

Spoilers*This article is about a specific form of media, such as a movie or a video game. Therefore it may contain heavy spoilers so as to best discuss it. You have been warned!*
Bambi is an old Disney film that was based off of the book by Felix Salten. It is about a young white-tailed deer named Bambi, and his journey through life from birth to his first love. It is considered to be an overly sweet yet tragic tale.

This is considered an incredibly influential film in way of environment conservation and wild animal rights, as it documents forest fires and the orphaning of a fawn from meat poaching. These days it's considered one of the saddest animated films, and many a person has admitted that their parents taught them about the concept of death by making them watch this film. The film contains many animals, as it takes place in a forest. Surprisingly for an animal film, it doesn't have many predators. Its herbivore vs carnivore concept is also slim, being narrowed down to the "artificial" nature of Man and his domesticated, vicious dogs. There are no wolves, coyotes, cougars, or bears in this film. No carnivores that normally attack deer. Only man. Though this is the nature of many wilderness areas in North America due to the eradication of most natural predators. It features many other smaller animals, including skunks and rabbits.

In America, it can be said that most people have watched Bambi. Due to the influence of Bambi, many people name deer his name. Bambi has also been thought to be a boy's name due to the influence of this film. Bambi was a well-known name back in this time, but in modern times it is mostly attributed to deer.
Mustela itatsi

The Japanese weasel is native to southern and central Japan, but now lives all over it. Locally it is known as an itachi, spelled as イタチ or 鼬. As in English it may be used as a suffix nowadays, thus making its new full Japanese name ニホンイタチ or more rarely spelled, 日本鼬. Some scientists feel that it is a fully fledged species, while others consider it a subspecies of the Mustela sibirica. Evolutionarily they diverged from each other in the early pleistocene 1.7 million years ago. Nowadays the Japanese weasel has been introduced to some Russian islands, while the kolonok has been introduced to western Japan. Thus they now live together.

In some countryside beliefs, the weasel changes into a marten after living for a century.

In other legends they are associated with the kamaitachi, a Japanese yokai that is sometimes portrayed as a type of weasel and other times not. Whether portrayed as one or not, contains the Japanese word for weasel remains in its name.

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese\_weasel&oldid=1063841135
Hippocampus reidi

The longsnout seahorse is also known as the slender seahorse or Brazilian seahorse. There scientific name was given to honor Mr Earl D. Reid of the Division of Fishes at the U.S. National Museum. It's said that the species was founded by Ginsburg, 1933, but the details of that and the original name he gave it are unknown to me. It lives in various areas of the Atlantic Ocean from Bermuda, the south eastern coast of North America to the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, southern Mexico, north eastern South America, and Brazil. They are listed as Near Threatened as of 2016.  They are one of the most popular species of seahorses to keep as pets. This species may or may not be related to a Yokai Watch character, as the name might be translated in Japanese as "nagabana tatsu" (long snout) and this character, while not greatly resembling a seahorse, does contain elements thereof, including being associated with water.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39917670#page/623/mode/1up
2. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10082/17025021
3. ↑ https://reefapp.net/en/encyclopedia/hippocampus-reidi
4. ↑ https://www.thesprucepets.com/seahorse-species-profiles-2925484
5. ↑ https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/discover-fish/species-profiles/hippocampus-reidi/
6. ↑ https://yokaiwatch.fandom.com/wiki/Babblong
Lanius collurio

Common name is the red-backed shrike. Red-backed shrikes are birds common throughout continental Europe and south & eastern Africa. They live in fields with some higher-up places to perch and like driving their prey into thorny bushes to let the plants stab them for them. The males, females, and juveniles are all different colours but mostly look the same. They seem like they're probably town kind of birds as they perch on fence posts and telephone wires. It looks like they also sometimes pass through the eastern coast of Britain while migrating.  It seems that they might have once bred and nested here too, I'm not sure what happened to make them stop, if that's true. Along with its relative the great grey shrike, they have a dark reputation in Britain. The name "Lanius" comes from butcher or executioner in Latin. Along with stabbing bugs in bushes they also grab at their prey- including small mammals like mice- and stab them straight up (down?) on tree sticks This is an example of animal tool use. Its names in other countries include translations like "war angel", "suffocating angel", and "little criminals". We really tried to clean its reputation up, haven't we? They were also thought to be poisonous or venomous (I don't entirely understand this one- why would it stab its prey if it was venomous? But in reality these sorts of rumors aren't supposed to make sense). There seems to be some artistic portrayals showing them with the hooked beak of a raptor, and this intrigues me.

## References

1. ↑ https://ebird.org/species/rebshr1
2. ↑ https://www.rspb.org.uk/birds-and-wildlife/red-backed-shrike
3. ↑ https://compleatbirder.wordpress.com/tag/shrike-folklore/
Disney's The Little Mermaid

Spoilers*This article is about a specific form of media, such as a movie or a video game. Therefore it may contain heavy spoilers so as to best discuss it. You have been warned!*
This is a Disney film based off of a Danish book. The main character is a mermaid. Before Youtube got into Disney multilanguages and information hype, nobody knew that it was based off of a Danish book. If anything they assumed it was Greek because the heroine's father is named King Triton, who in Ancient Hellenism was one of the sons of Poseidon.

The movie features various sea creatures, including fantastical ones. Mermaids are part fish, and the villain is part octopus. She is friends with a fish named Flounder who is not a flounder, and her father sends off a Jamaican-accented crimson crab to watch over her. The villains hencemen are green moray eels. There is also a Great White Shark that tries to eat the protagonist, which is based off of the movie Jaws and the love-hate relationship with sharks Americans gained over it. There is also a seagull that she is friends with. There are many fish in the ocean, all of which, including the clams, are portrayed as having eyes and being able to talk.

I just realized that despite the movie showing some scallops or clams swimming, I couldn't even fathom that they did that. The movie portrayed fish so unrealistically that I and other people thought that clams, like plants, didn't go anywhere.

There is also a seahorse herald.

Fish are portrayed as talking in the sea and surprisingly we watch a chef chop some up on land. However, their eyes and bodies are portrayed more realistically then the ones in the sea, de-humanizing (de-characterizing?) them.
Hoplitomeryx

These were a genus of ruminants that lived on the no-longer Gargano Island, which became a now mountainous Gargano peninsula of southeastern Italy. They existed during the Miocene and early Pliocene. Several species evolved from the species ancestor and they coexisted on the island together. Those species are: Hoplitomeryx devosi, Hoplitomeryx kriegsmani, Hoplitomeryx macpheei, and Hoplitomeryx matthei. Theyare called Prongdeer, however they had neither the pronged semi-horns of pronghorns nor the antlers of deer. Rather they simply had four horns awkwardly placed upon its head. They also sported small saberfangs. Their species varied in size. They were first discovered in the 1960s.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.mindat.org/taxon-4835241.html
2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gargano&oldid=1125213094
3. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hoplitomeryx&oldid=1125369097
Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs represent a category of extinct creatures. While dinosaurs are supposed to exclusively refer to a specific type of extinct animal, common people may try to add relatives or other similar looking creatures from the era or nearby eras in which they existed, such as pterosaurs and elasmosaurs. Dinosaurs have deeply captured the modern imagination and many books, especially picture books, and television series and movies include dinosaurs. The Land Before Time series and Jurassic Park are some of the most famous ones in the English speaking world. There are also many nature documentaries that feature them, such as Walking With Dinosaurs and Dinosaur Planet. Children are especially enamored with dinosaurs, despite the inherent violence featured in the genre (predators vs prey, and often humans too). Most little kids these days in America know what a Dinosaur is and learn about some of the more famous kinds.

Dinosaurs, as a scientific notion of an animal, are also often described by genus rather than species, but is understood to be species. Thus when describing Stegosaurs, a person is not describing a group such as Panthera, but rather intending it to be of one species. This grouping of species may cause paleontologists to misunderstand it themselves, and perhaps there are more genuses than warranted. Since each genus is commonly used to be or describe a species rather than a group of related species, even though it's not supposed to be.
Hippocampus colemani

Coleman's pygmy seahorse was apparently identified by someone named Kuiter in 2003, though the details of this and if it had a different name before that is unknown to this author. Their common English name was named after author and diver Neville Coleman. These creatures could not be cuter, with their tiny snouts and tiny size at around 1.1 inches (2.7 centimeters). They live mostly off of Lord Howe Island, though they can also be found in the Ryukyu Islands and Milne Bay, Papua New Guinea. They attach themselves to eelgrass and tape-grass and live at depths of 16 feet (5 meters). Like sloths with moss, algae attaches to the Coleman pygmy seahorse's skin in part to assist with camouflage.  There hasn't been enough data on them for the ICUN to rate their threatened level, and they are only considered to live around Lord Howe's Islands on their website.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/179882-Hippocampus-colemani
2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zostera&oldid=1050949646
3. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Halophila&oldid=1077566784
4. ↑ Bray, D.J. & Thompson, V.J. 2020, Hippocampus colemani in Fishes of Australia, accessed 29 May 2022, https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/4038
5. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/47728602/47736420
Cerberus

Cerberus was a dog-based creature in Ancient Greek religion. In the past he was depicted as a multi-headed, normal-sized or somewhat-larger dog with a snake for his tail and on other parts of his body. Nowadays he is gigantic, restricted to three heads and the snakes are gone. He has a brother, Orthrus. Depending on your interpretation, they might be from the same litter. However, Orthrus is the firstborn. He also has a sister, Hydra. They were born from the ageless naga-nymph Echidna. In this source, he has fifty heads.

Cerberus has been depicted as different kinds of breeds. Even in Ancient times the breed Cerberus has been depicted as cannot be agreed upon- he is often a sight hound, but has also been portrayed as low-lying medium-sized burrow hunter (similar to a dachshund) and a larger shorter muzzled breed mixed with a lion. In a Roman mosaic he is depicted the size of a terrier.

Modern depictions always portray him as gigantic, larger than most humans, about dragon-sized. He is often portrayed with the three heads as belonging to the same breed and same color. Often the breed is a tougher sort of breed, such as a Cane Corso. However they may be depicted as other breeds. Rarely is each head a different breed. The middle head is sometimes seen by people as the "lead" or "main" head and may be portrayed as more dominant, putting the other heads in line. Cerberus often appears in works that also feature Hades, as he is his dog.

A man named Cerberus is listed as one of the many suitors for Penelope. It appears that he, along with over a hundred other males, stayed at Ulysses' palace for three years waiting for her to decide who to marry. He was probably killed by either Ulysses or his friends who shot at all of her suitors (and some others). This may suggest that Cerberus is a name that's not restricted to the dog, though whether it was strictly fictional and named after the dog or a real Greek name is not known to me at this time.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D304
2. ↑ https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D270
3. ↑ https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022:text=Epitome:book=E:chapter=7&highlight=cerberus
Insects

Insects are a category of bugs. They are often mentioned in children's books to correct them to a "better" term. Insects are said to only have three major body parts and six legs. In more depth the reason why they only have these anatomical features is due to belonging to the taxonomic class Insecta. Which is to say, this class evolved these features, and any bug within Insecta that evolves other features-- more or less legs, more or less body segments-- might be considered to have its own class and to have evolved beyond the category.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Insect&oldid=1110330555
Lagidium viscacia

The southern Viscacha is a relative of the Chinchilla found in South America. It is credited to Molina in 1782, as Lepus viscacia. I found it as Lepus visscaccia in the English Systems of Nature. Carl Linneaus called it the Peruvian Hare. It has long ears like one, but it is no longer considered to be one.

1. ↑ https://www.gbif.org/species/9454521
2. ↑ https://archive.org/details/animalkingdomorz00linn/page/n73/mode/2up?ref=ol&view=theater
3. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern\_viscacha&oldid=1142984083
Canis lupus arabs

Arabian wolves are a medium-sized wolves and wolfdogs that currently lives in pockets of the Arabian peninsula. Modern studies suggest that they are more related to Eurasian wolves than Indian wolves, and this is likely as a result of intermixing with dogs. The scientists are concerned that the female wolves and wolfdogs readily breed with male dogs. They say that the wolfdog hybrids might not acclimate to desert life, but this is most likely somewhat false. Dogs have lived in deserts, and they learn from their mother wolf or wolfdog that has survived in the desert. They also note that it is only suspicions and speculation, and not well researched on their part. However, they have considered an option for solving the wolfdog problem by sterilizing the pups of the female wolves or wolfdogs that happen to look more dog than wolf. However, they did not finalize their decision in the report. Their fur is extremely short due to their desert climate, and their ears resemble those of a hyena.

## References

1. ↑ https://fineartamerica.com/featured/arabian-wolf-canis-lupus-arabs-eyal-bartov.html
2. ↑ https://canids.org/CBC/20/Arabian\_wolf\_and\_domestic\_dog\_in\_saudi\_arabia.pdf
Bears

Bears are a group of animals and the representation there of. Scientifically speaking there are 8 bear species: Brown bears, American black bears, South American black bears, Asian black bears, Spectacled bears, Sun bears, Polar bears, and Panda bears. Pandas, while recognized as bears, used to be thought of as being more related to raccoons for some, and are now fully acknowledged by science and regular people as bears. They have their own identity in a sense slightly separate from other bears due to their previously percieved genetic differences, fascinating color, association with China, and general cultural consensus. More information about how they impact culture can be found on their article. Polar bears nearly reach this point, but it's not quite far enough. Brown bears are the most popular representation of bears in American culture. It is such that the word "bear" refers to all these species of bears, but bear itself is a generic term that loosely follows this species' body morphology and behaviors, with a strong focus on teddy bears.
Alligatoroidea

This is a taxonomic superfamily. It is thought to have split from other Crocodylians between 100 million to 80 million years ago, back in the Cretaceous period. Thus when someone tells you that alligators haven't changed since the Jurassic period, *don't believe them*.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alligatoroidea&oldid=1137286425
2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alligatoridae&oldid=1121478934
Giraffes

Giraffes are animals based on the species *Giraffa camelopardis*.

There was a famous giraffe who belonged to a French zoo. It had been three centuries since Europe had owned one. She created an enormous impact on French culture, resulting in a giraffe hype. Tons of clothing patterns, art, objects, hairstyles were based off of her. They depicted features of her, accurate and inspire, including spots, height, and various aspects of her body.

In American culture giraffes are infamous for their height. As the tallest living land animal, they are depicted as such. Frequently their necks are made more flexible and even prehensile than they really are. They connected with sauropods due to their long necks. Often they may be depicted as hugging with their necks, and it is noted in many scientific books and documentaries that this is an incorrect notion based off of males fighting for in-heat females. Giraffes are depicted as gentle but big, which is incorrect. It could be due to their soft eyes as well as their infrequency of attacking humans. They are an important African mammal for American culture.
Cervidae

Cervidae is a scientific classification in taxonomy, the order of evolution of living things. Cervidae is *family* in this system, and it contains a large number of animals. Currently the system is based in genetic material alongside miniscule physical similarities, however historically this group would have had different, physiological and observational means to place animals in this category. They contain creatures often called deer in English, however not all members of this family contain the suffix deer in their full common name.

Cervidae split from all the other kinds of "deer" in Central Asia in the Middle Miocene (11-7 MYA). The subfamily Odocoileinae split further during the Late Miocene and start of the Pliocene and most of them moved to The Americas.

It splits into two subfamilies, Cervinae and Odocoileinae. These contain further evolutionary splits. These two can be distinguished skeletally. The "thumbs" or back hooves on their front legs differ in arrangement. The many different species of the two evolutionary lines can be distinguished by their metacarpals.

## Cervinae

Sometimes called Old World deer in common speech. Also plesiometacarpal deer in more anatomical terms.

***Cervini***

* Axis
* Cervus
* Dama
* Elaphurus
* Hippocamelus
* Panolia
* Rucervus
* Rusa

***Muntiacini***

* *Elaphodus*
* *Muntiacus*

## Odocoileinae

Also called Capreolinae or New World deer or telemetacarpal deer.

***Alceini***

* *Alces*

***Capreolini***

* *Capreolus*
* *Hydropotes*

***Rangiferini***

* *Blastocerus*
* *Mazama* (various unrelated group species in this name)
* *Odocoileus*
* *Pudu*

## References

1. ↑ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790306000698?via%3Dihub
2. ↑ https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/14/11/1154/1026375?login=false
3. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deer&oldid=1094105302
Martes melampus tsuensis

Missing Culture*This article is missing information about how real-world humans have processed it. In the case of real animals: what the animal was used for in a society, what they thought about it and its general significance or lack thereof to the people, and how it has appeared in their media (including oral and written stories), religion, historical interactions, and news appearances. In the case of media: how this impacted the staff, the audience, future and previous media, and the wider culture/s as a result of its existence. You can improve this article by contributing these kinds of information to it.**Missing media*This article is missing information about its appearances in media. This may include books, television, video games, and newspapers. You can improve this by contributing to the article.
The Tsushima Island Marten (proposing name) is a subspecies of the Japanese Marten. It has protected as an endangered species on the island it lives on.

## References

1. ↑ https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Martes\_melampus/#84dd9026883409a55f7f73bfe1202d71
Chicks (bird)

*While chickens are birds, this page refers to non-chicken chicks. For chicken chicks, see Chicks (chicken).*

Chicks are a somewhat important part of American culture. They are often depicted in children's books. The knowledge of a mother (and father) bird taking care of chicks in a bowl-shaped twig nest is of incredible importance when educating children. The image of a few chicks in a nest cheeping with beaks open wide and then eating a worm from their mother bird's beak is common knowledge. They are a symbol of new life and spring. The eggs are important to, and are more likely to be depicted than an ugly naked bird baby.
Hippocampus haema

The Korean seahorse lives in the waters around Korea and Japan.  It is credited to Han, Kim, Kai & Senou, 2017. It attaches itself to weeds in shallow waters or on floating *Sargassum* and jalpi. This species has noticeable sexual dimorphism aside from the pouch, with the male having a longer tail and apparently more exaggerated spines, while the female has a longer snout and smoother body. Despite being found in Korean and Japanese watres, neither language has a Wikipedia article of it yet, but it is the main picture of the Korean article and is discussed there.

## References

1. ↑ https://projectseahorse.org/iseahorse/explore/species/
2. ↑ https://www.iucn-seahorse.org/seahorses-seadragons
3. ↑ https://fishbase.se/summary/Hippocampus-haema.html
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%B4%EB%A7%88\_(%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC)&oldid=33406647
5. ↑ https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/871187-Hippocampus-haema
6. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hippocampus\_haema&oldid=1112321277
Japanese Akitas

The Akita is a dog from the Japanese province of Akita. They are known for their strong demeanor and loyalty. One famous dog waited at a train for his owner to return until the dogs death. Movies have been made about him. During World War II many ran into the mountains and bred with other breeds and wolves, thus this breed has changed its genetic code since then. There is an American Akita developed from the Japanese Akita. Some people mix up the two breeds, however they look and act differently.
Little Red Riding Hood (General)

Little Red Riding Hood is a cultural story with a great many depictions, originally based off of the Grimm's Fairy Tale, which was in turn based on a story that has its roots in Pre-Christian Europe. The story tells of a girl in a red hood called Little Red Riding hood. She is off to bring some food to her Grandmother, who lives in the woods. The wolf finds Little Red Riding Hood in the woods and questions her, and learning of her grandmother, goes off to find her house and consume her. After swallowing her whole, he then dresses in her clothes and attempts to deceive Little Red Riding Hood.

"Oh Grandmother, what big ears you have!" exclaims Little Red Riding Hood."

"The better to hear you with, my dear" replies the wolf in disguise.

"Oh Grandmther, what big eyes you have"

"The better to see you with, my dear,"

"Oh, Grandmother, what big teeth you have,"

"The better to eat you with, my dear," and at this the wolf leaps out of the bed and attacks Little Red Riding Hood, and Swallows her whole as well. A hunter or woodsman, having heard the ruckus, comes to the house and finds the wolf sleeping. He slices up the wolf's stomach with his ax, freeing them both.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.dltk-teach.com/rhymes/littlered/8.htm
Lepus americanus

The snowshoe hare has been increasingly popular as a species, gaining more recognition than other rabbit species due to its pretty white coat (often with black tipped ears) and its importance as a prey item for northern species of cool mammal predators, especially "arctic wolves" and foxes. It used to just be called the American Hare.

Subspecies wise, this has several. On Wikipedia it lists:

* *Lepus americanus americanus* (Erxleben) – Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Montana, and North Dakota
* *L. a. cascadensis* (Nelson) – British Columbia and Washington
* *L. a. columbiensis* (Rhoads) – British Columbia, Alberta, and Washington
* *L. a. dalli* (Merriam) – Mackenzie District, British Columbia, Alaska, Yukon
* *L. a. klamathensis* (Merriam) – Oregon and California
* *L. a. oregonus* (Orr) – Oregon
* *L. a. pallidus* (Cowan) – British Columbia
* *L. a. phaeonotus* (J. A. Allen) – Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota
* *L. a. pineus* (Dalquest) – British Columbia, Idaho, and Washington
* *L. a. seclusus* (Baker and Hankins) – Wyoming
* *L. a. struthopus* (Bangs) – Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Maine
* *L. a. tahoensis* (Orr) – California, western Nevada
* *L. a. virginianus* (Harlan) – Ontario, Quebec, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania
* *L. a. washingtonii* (Baird) – British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon

However, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World lists less, only americanus, bairdii, cascadensis, dalli, struthopus, and virginianus.

It also used to have a Lepus (americanus) hudsonius, Hudson's Bay Hare as a subspecies, as considered by Carl Linnaeus.

## References

1. ↑ https://archive.org/details/animalkingdomorz00linn/page/278/mode/2up?ref=ol&view=theater
2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Snowshoe\_hare&oldid=1150010043
3. ↑ https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13500092