Ligne 70 KV - (Enval - Val-Beneyte)

## Présentation :

La ligne Enval - Val-Beneyte est une ancienne ligne à haute tension de 70 000 volts qui reliait l'usine hydraulique de Val-Beneyte sur la Diège au poste électrique d'Enval sur les hauteurs de Clermont-Ferrand. Elle fut en grande partie déposée dans les années 1970 et le tronçon conservé a subi quelques modifications pour former aujourd'hui la ligne à 63 KV Enval - Saint-Sauves.

Chargement de la 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class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEnval\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Enval\n","link":"","lat":45.76479119914355,"lon":2.9985391821630136,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EVal-Beneyte\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Val-Beneyte\n","link":"","lat":45.41633317140506,"lon":2.372154357732028,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESaint-Sauves\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Saint-Sauves\n","link":"","lat":45.61294320452462,"lon":2.6860978113957934,"icon":""}]}

 **Rose** | Tronçon supprimé entre 1975 et 1977

## Historique :

Cette ligne à double ternes fut réalisée par la Compagnie Hydro-Electrique d'Auvergne (CHEA) pour acheminer vers Clermont-Ferrand l'énergie produite par la centrale hydraulique de Val-Beneyte, établie sur la Diège non loin de Bort-les-Orgues. L'usine et la ligne furent mise en service en 1927.

La ligne fut construite avec des pylônes à 6 triangles équipées d'isolateurs rigides similaires à ceux de la liaison Clermont-Coudes-Brioude mise en service quelques années plus tôt par la CHEA (Voir lignes 70 KV Coudes-Liève et Coudes-Brioude). Elle permit de renforcer l'alimentation électrique de Clermont-Ferrand, qui profitait déjà de l'énergie produite sur la Sioule et et les usines thermiques de Coudes et Liève.

Au milieu des années 1950, un poste source fut mis en service à Saint-Sauves-d'Auvergne et raccordé en coupure sur un des deux circuit de la ligne. Sa tension fut ramenée vraisemblablement à 63 KV car EDF procédait à cette époque à une harmonisation des échelons de tension sur l'ensemble du réseau.

Au début des années 1970 (entre 1971 et 1974), une seconde liaison en simple circuit 63 KV est construite entre Enval et Saint-Sauves-d'Auvergne, ce qui entraine de profondes modifications sur la ligne édifiée par la CHEA. Cette nouvelle ligne se raccorde sur le tronçon Saint-Sauves - Val-Beneyte et effectue un piquage dans le poste de Saint-Sauves. A ce stade, l'ensemble de l'ouvrage n'est plus exploitée que sur un seul circuit et forme alors les lignes Enval - Saint-Sauves et Enval - Saint-Sauves - Val-Beneyte.

Cette situation est éphémère car la ligne est entièrement déposée de Saint-Sauves à Val-Beneyte entre 1975 et 1977, à l'exception d'un court tronçon de Saint-Sauves à *Ménajesse* provisoirement réutilisé pour le réseau à 20 KV (il sera supprimé entre 1986 et 1992). Dans le même temps, l'armement est intégralement modifié sur la section Enval - Saint-Sauves pour transformer l'ensemble des supports en pylônes à 3 triangles. Les isolateurs rigides sont également remplacées par des isolateurs souples.

## Description du tracé :

* La ligne démarre au poste électrique d'Enval et se dirige vers le Sud-Ouest en longeant la D942.
* Elle traverse une grande forêt au pied du Puy-de-Dôme, en suivant plus ou moins la route sur une dizaine de kilomètres jusqu'au lieu-dit *Les-Quatre-Routes.*
* Elle bifurque ensuite vers l'Est, longe brièvement la D2089 puis prend à nouveau la direction du Sud-Ouest.
* La ligne croise la D2089 à l'entrée Nord de Rochefort-Montagne puis à nouveau à *La Chabanne.* A partir d'ici, elle longe la D922 jusqu'à Laqueuille puis bifurque légèrement vers le Sud.
* Elle garde ensuite une direction quasiment rectiligne jusqu'à Saint-Sauves-d'Auvergne, croisant entre-temps la voie ferrée Laqueuille - Le-Mont-Dore.
* Jusqu'aux années 1970, la ligne poursuivait son trajet en passant à l'Ouest de Saint-Sauves pour franchir la Dordogne puis tourner légèrement vers le Sud au niveau du lieu-dit Mejanesse.
* Elle suivait une trajectoire rectiligne jusqu'à la vallée de la Burande en passant à l'Est de Tauves puis longeait la D922 jusqu'au lieu-dit *Chez Morissoux* .
* A partir d'ici, elle suivait la D72 jusqu'à Labessette puis obliquait vers le Sud-Est avant de franchir à nouveau la Dordogne et entrer en Corrèze.
* La ligne bifurquait ensuite vers l'Est et poursuivait dans cette direction jusqu'à *Mezeyrat* puis tourner de nouveau vers le Sud-Est. Après avoir franchi le Lys, elle longeait la D27 puis la D64 jusqu'à *Laborde*.
* Elle franchissait ensuite les gorges de la Diège puis contournait Roche-le-Peyroux par le Sud avant d'entrer dans l'usine hydro-électrique de Val-Beneyte.

## Tronçons récupérés pour la création de nouvelles lignes :

* Ligne 63 KV - (Enval - Saint-Sauves - Val-Beneyte) - piquage
* Lignes 63 KV - (Enval - Saint-Sauves)