Fauna of Panstivo

## Large mammals

There are nine crucial large mammals in the island with about 66.6% of them being indigenous to the island itself. Some mammals, such as the moose or some other undocumented species. Five canid species (55.5% of all large mammals) occur on the island, with extinct, extirpated or historically documented species including wolves and feral populations of "large dogs" bringing the total of seven canid species on the island. The area has a much larger canid proximity compared to other countries of Parania, but also a much smaller proximity of species compared to other Paranian countries, likely even the least. Carnivorans account for 66.6% of the island's large mammals. A total combined population of large mammals is estimated to be 15,468 with small mammal species dominating. About 10,002 canids reside in the island. Deer, though in smaller numbers compared to other major countries, are in larger proximities in small areas the size of Vitena City making about 3 deer per 8.75 acres making them an extremely common sight (4,872 deer, about 90.2% of them residing in southern portions of the island). The most documented animals are Darolle 19.39%, Black deer 30.2%*,* Culpeo 27.9%, Golden Jackal 12.9%, Gray Fox 4.2%, Beaver 3.5%, Red Fox 0.7%, and White-tailed Deer 1.0% out of all large documented animal species. Black deer account for about 30.2% of observations for large mammals, followed by culpeos at 27.9% and darolles at 19.3%.

### Darolle/Panstivo Wild Dog

Darolles are common in Panstivo. Two species occur on the island, the more common darolle and the lesser common Cheskachena darolle. The species is present in every part of the island but sightings remain prevalent in the southeastern part of the island which is between the two major cities of Dimish and Bondar. An estimated 2,000 - 3,000 darolles are in the island, but only 1.4% of them are the endangered Cheskachena darolle (28 - 42 individuals). They prefer wet, lush and deciduous/coniferous mixed woodland. Darolles are a very common sight for visitors but many mistake them for domestic dogs, some refer to them as the *Panstivo Wild Dog*.

### Eastern Black Deer

Black deer are heavily endangered in eastern Parania with a population of about 4,672 at last compared to nearly three million in western Parania. About 58% of the black deer reside on Panstivo. That means 2,709 eastern black deer reside in the island which is a fair amount compared to other countries and has almost the same population of black deer as Hargenland, New Acheson, and Borogovia. Eastern black deer are common on the island but are extremely rare in mainland Minuka and other countries in eastern Parania. Eastern black deer prefer wet, lush, and deciduous/coniferous mixed woodland of eastern and southeastern Panstivo. No sightings are seen in the northern portion of the island.

### Culpeo

Culpeos are common in the island, with an estimated population of 4,322 individuals. Culpeos prefer to live in most of the island, but sightings are rarer among northern and western portions and in cities, making them mainly reside in the forests of the island. They are likely in strong populations due to a healthy population of rabbits, mice, and other small mammals on the island.

### Golden Jackal

Golden jackals are somewhat common in the island with a population of between 1,500 - 2,000 though in the 1980s, their population was extremely higher at nearly 13,000. They are likely being outcompeted by the darolle and culpeo. They used to be the most dominant carnivoran in the island. Most jackals are documented in the eastern end of the island in the city of Dimish, though some sightings have been spotted in northern and western portions of the island.

### Feral Cat

Feral cats are very common in the island with an uncounted population, but some estimate it to be in the *high hundreds* to the *early thousands*. They were released or abandoned by unresponsible owners back in the early 1900s and bred to make a thriving population of themselves in the island. Others may have escaped or may actually belong to someone. Cats are a very common sight in the capital city of Bondar and the major city of Dimish. However, reports of rabid cats have been spotted, so many suggest to leave the cats be, they are the most common animal attacking people that visit and/or live on Panstivo.

### Gray Fox

Gray foxes were introduced from the West Coast of Nareemia to control the rodent and rabbit population sometime in *1972* to the southern, coastal rainy forests where they thrived greatly. Today a population of *657* is present from *24* in *1972*. They are rarely reported in Dimish, Bondar, and western and northern portions of the island with about 86% (565) of them residing in the southern rainy forests.

### Beaver

Beavers are native to the island and can be spotted just about anywhere with water. A population of 547 reside in the island with most of the population being seen in the rainy forests of the southeast. They likely came to the island sometime in the 1890s from the mainland Minuka coast.

### Red Fox

Red foxes are considered native to the island. They used to be very common in the island but populations shifted westwards as more and more predators arrived. A estimated count of *96* to *115* red foxes live on the island today. About 91.5% of the sightings are on the north portion of the island, but 8.5% of the sightings are in the southern rainy forests of the island. No red fox sightings are present in the cities of Dimish and Bondar. They were likely outcompeted by darolles, culpeos, golden jackals, and gray foxes.

### White-tailed Deer

White-tailed deer were introduced from Nareemia and Kutwhe in *1883*. They were introduced for hunting and biodiversity and most were introduced to the southern forests of the island, today an estimated *155* white-tailed deer reside in Panstivo. They are heavily considered an invasive species, the loss of tree canopy is a concern to whitetails since it can radically alter the forest floor. Deer feeding, bedding, and travel routes could all be affected as a result of this. It is estimated that in 20 years, the population may rise up to *407*.

## Small mammals

Small mammals are extremely more common then the large mammals, with a population combined of around 211,541 compared to 15,468 large mammals. The percentage of documented species are house mouse 9.4%, rabbit 8.2%, gerbil 6.2%, red squirrel 40.6%, island mole 35.4%, river otter 0.01%, and flying fox 0.008%. The most documented are red squirrels and island moles which dominate the rainy forests' mammals.

### House Mouse

Mice are not native to Panstivo. They likely arrived on ship, either intentionally or accidentally, from those travelling from *Okun, Mecirhan, Kafaniyat* or other subtropical/tropical countries. Mice are excellent invaders. They’re small, they breed fast, they eat a broad diet—they’ll infiltrate anywhere, anytime. They are found just about anywhere in the island province, but are more commonly found throughout urban areas and the southern rainy forests of the island where they make up at least 25% of the carnivoran's diet alongside rabbits and voles. Mice are among the most populated animal in the island with at least 15,000 - 20,000 individuals alone. They overgraze on the native plants and compete with the native seed gerbil, which is also considered invasive, despite it being native. They also brought many rodent-transmitted diseases to the island which weren't present at the time.

### Common Rabbit

The rabbit is common in Panstivo and is an extremely common sight across the entire island, but stays prevalent in the southern part of the island, though 25% of the total population resides and is documented in the northern portion of the island. 75% of the population resides in the southern portion of the island, especially in the city of Dimish. They are considered a keystone species because they, alongside mice, voles, and other rodents or small animals, serve as a diet for the island's carnivorans like the gray fox, darolle, golden jackal, culpeo, and feral populations of cats. They are among the most populous mammal species in the island with around 17,367 individuals alone. In the north parts of the island, they serve as a main diet to the endangered populations of the red fox.

### Seed Gerbil

Considered extremely noxious, gerbils will munch away lawn, park, and wild flowers and plants and will compete with the house mouse and common rabbit. They do have benefits though, being a common prey species for the carnivore species of the island. Gerbils are usually not aggressive species but some report being biten when trying to hand feed the gerbils. Gerbils have an estimated 13,122 individuals in the island alone, where they are mostly concentrated in the southern woodlands and throughout the easternmost city of Dimish.

### Red Squirrel

Squirrels are natives to the island and are extremely common to locals and visitors alike. They inhabit just about anywhere in the island, but are mostly concentrated in urban parks of Dimish and Bondar as well as throughout the southern rainy forests where they forage for nuts and stay hidden from predators. They are considered "pesty" because they can chew through electric wires, steal food, live amongst people's sheds, attics, and basements, and can attract dangerous predators to urban areas or houses. There are an estimated 86,000 red squirrels throughout the island, most inhabiting Dimish (58% of population, 49,880) and Bondar (29% of population, 24,940), the remaining 13% (11,180) are scattered throughout the island and are never hard to find. They are the most populous out of the small mammals in the island.

### Island Mole

Moles are natives to the southern and eastern portions of the island, more specifically among the rainy woodlands. Island moles are special to the island and are found nowhere in the mainland portion of Minuka. Moles are a widespread annoyance species across the island. The main complaint that people have about this small insect is that it destroys lawns. They dwell underground, where they are quite busy, digging through soil and devouring roughly half of their body weight in earthworms, grubs, and other small creatures. It is unknown the exact amount of island moles but it can be estimated that there is a high population at probably 70,000 - 75,000.

### Panstivo Island Otter

The Panstivo Island Otter is a special species to the island much like the island mole. They are a heavily endangered subspecies with a very low population from around 13,000 in the 19th century. They are mostly all concentrated in the southern rainy forests of the island between Bondar and Dimish where they live in colonies in the forest's rivers. They are an estimated 25-33 river otters in the island with a slightly decreasing population, likely being eaten by the many canids of the country where they all share the same area. River otters are top predators in the aquatic food chain. It contributes to the nutrient cycle by transporting nutrients from one ecosystem to the next.

### Panstivo Flying Fox

A heavily endangered species of Panstivo, the flying fox is also special to the island where it is documented to have up to *19* remaining individuals in the island. Flying foxes were said to roam all over eastern and southern Parania down to southern Rabra in the 18th century but were heavily hunted by the royals and pioneers. Panstivo has the only remaining flying fox population in eastern Parania and is one of the three locations of Parania where flying foxes have been documented alongside Celestial Islands and Dalamatia. It is possible the Panstivo flying fox is a descendant of the *eastern Paranian flying fox* that used to be heavily common and concentrated throughout mainland Minuka's coast down to southern Avishamane in Pasia. 100% of the population is documented in the rainy southern forests with a luckily growing population expected to reach 100 in no time, but they must avoid the many predators that roam the forest.

## Birds

Panstivo's wet and rainy forests are home to over 300 species of birds while the northwest which is primarily dry taiga and mountain is home to the most predators and raptors on the island.