recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Inocybe corydalina var. corydalina

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***Inocybe corydalina var. corydalina***, commonly known as the **greenflush fibrecap**, is a member of the genus *Inocybe* which is widely distributed in temperate forests. It is a small mycorrhizal mushroom which contains a small amount of the hallucinogen psilocybin.

## Description

* **Cap**: 3.5–5 cm diameter, buff to brown, often with greenish tones, conic to convex or plane in age, with or without an umbo, with appressed fibrillose squamules on the cap which are more frequent towards the center, and an incurved margin. The center of the cap is darker brown to greenish, sometimes black and the flesh is white.
* **Gills**: adnate and very numerous, pale cream brown to grayish buff.
* **Spores**: Smooth and lemon shaped, measuring 8 x 5.5 micrometres, dull brown, often with a bluish-grayish stem base.
* **Stipe**: 2.5–10 cm long, 4 to 6 mm thick, and is equal width for the whole length, sometimes with some swelling at the base. The upper part of the stem is smooth and the lower part is fibrillose. Has a cortinate partial veil which soon disappears.
* **Taste**:
* **Odor**: Aromatic.
* **Microscopic features**: Pleurocystidia 33-70 by 9-21 micrometers, clavate cylindrical. Cheilocystidia are not common and look like pleurocystidia.

## Distribution and habitat

*Inocybe corydalina var. corydalina* is widespread across Europe and the British Isles. It usually fruits in the fall under deciduous trees but can also be found under conifers.

## Edibility

Gurevich and Nezoiminogo reported that this mushroom contains the mycotoxin muscarine but no psilocybin; other researchers have been unable to confirm this result. Chemical analysis by Stijve and Kuyper shows that it contains 0.032% psilocybin, a very low concentration.

## See also

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* List of Inocybe species
* List of Psilocybin mushrooms

## External links

* Inocybe corydalina var. corydalina picture
* Inocybe corydalina pictures

## References

* Template:Cite book

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Hydnellum cristatum

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***Hydnellum cristatum*** is a tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae found in Europe and North America. It was originally described as a species of *Hydnum* by Italian mycologist Giacomo Bresadola in 1902. Joost Stalpers transferred it to the genus *Hydnellum* in 1993.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Atkinson 1902`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Stalpers 1993`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Nothopanus noctilucens

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***Nothopanus noctilucens*** is a species of agaric fungus in the family Marasmiaceae. Found in Japan, the fruit bodies of the fungus are bioluminescent.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Desjardin 2008`

## External links

Template:IndexFungorum
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Hydnellum tardum

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***Hydnellum tardum*** is a tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. Found in Europe, it was described as new to science in 1975 by Dutch mycologist Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus, from collections made in coniferous forest in what was then known as West Germany.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Maas Geesteranus 1975`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Hydnellum geogenium

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***Hydnellum geogenium*** is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. It was described as new to science in 1852 by Elias Magnus Fries. Howard James Banker transferred it to the genus *Hydnellum* in 1913. The fungus is found in Europe and North America, where it grows in coniferous woods. It is inedible. *H. geogenium* is considered endangered in Switzerland. Fruitbodies of the fungus contain a yellow pigment compound called geogenin.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Banker 1913`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `urlRogers: H.geogenium`
3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Senn-Irlet 2007`
4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Jendrny 1979`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Imperator rhodopurpureus

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***Imperator rhodopurpureus*** is an inedible fungus of the genus *Imperator*, found under deciduous trees including oak and beech in neutral soils. Initially described as *Boletus rhodopurpureus*, it was transferred to the new genus *Imperator* in 2015. The bolete is considered critically endangered in the Czech Republic.

## Description

The cap is cushion-like, up to 15 cm in diameter; faint yellow- or pink-buff when young, later flushing red from the rim and becoming blotched with yellow, red and olivaceous tones.
The tubes are orange or red at first, then turning dark blue when cut. The spores are olive-brown. The stem is rather short, and sometimes very bulbous. The flesh is pale yellow, turning blue when cut.

## Similar species

In the warmest regions of central and southern Europe the blood red-capped *Rubroboletus dupainii*.

## References

* E. Garnweidner. *Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and Europe*. Collins. 1994.

1. ↑ Kibby, G. 2011. British boletes with keys to species.Kibby, G. 2011. British boletes with keys to species
2. ↑ Template:Cite journal
3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Mikšik 2012`
4. ↑ Kibby, G. 2011. British boletes with keys to species

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum
* Template:MycoBank

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Hydnum ellipsosporum

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***Hydnum ellipsosporum*** is a species of fungus in the family Hydnaceae that was described from Germany in 2004. It differs from *H. repandum* by the shape and length of its spores, which are ellipsoid and measure 9–11 by 6–7.5 µm. Compared to *H. repandum*, it has smaller fruit bodies, with cap diameters ranging from Template:Convert wide.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Ostrow 2004`

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Hygrophorus hypothejus

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***Hygrophorus hypothejus***, commonly known as **herald of the winter**, is an edible species of fungus in the genus *Hygrophorus* native to Europe and North America. It appears in late autumn in coniferous forests, often with the first frosts.

## Taxonomy

Elias Magnus Fries described this species in 1821 as *Agaricus hypothejus*, before placing it in the genus *Hygrophorus* in 1838. Its species name is derived from the Ancient Greek words *hypo* and *theios* "sulphur yellow underneath". It has the common name of herald of the winter as it appears in autumn with the onset of the first overnight frosts. Alternate names are late fall waxy cap in the United States, and yellow-gilled waxcap.

## Description

The olive brown cap is Template:Convert across with a slimy surface, and has a rolled margin when young and later flat and more funnel-shaped as it ages. The yellow gills are decurrent, and the flesh is pale yellow, turning orange-red when bruised. The slender stipe is Template:Convert tall and Template:Convert wide. The colour can become more intense with the onset of frosts. The spore print is white and the oval spores measure 7–9 x 4–5 micrometres.

It could be confused with the slimy spike cap (*Gomphidius glutinosus*), though the gills of the latter separate easily from the cap (unlike the herald of winter).

## Distribution and habitat

It grows in coniferous forests, appearing in October and November, occasionally December. Though mushrooms may be abundant, they are often hard to spot among the pine needles.

## Edibility

European guidebooks list it as edible, though not recommended on account of its sliminess.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Nilper`
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Roody`
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Lamaison 2005`
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Haas 1969`
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Phillips 2006`

## External links

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* Template:IndexFungorum

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Leccinum alboroseolum

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***Leccinum alboroseolum*** is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Originally described in 1969 as a variety of *Boletus immutabilis*, it was transferred to *Leccinum* in 1994. It is found in Europe.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Blum 1969`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Lannoy 1994`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Lepiota anupama

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***Lepiota anupama*** is a gilled mushroom of the genus *Lepiota* in the order Agaricales. Found in Kerala State, India, it was described as new to science in 2009.

## Taxonomy

The species was described in a 2009 *Mycotaxon* article, along with eight other new *Lepiota* species. The specific epithet *anupama* derives from the Sanskrit word for "without comparison". The type collection was made on the campus of the University of Calicut in 2006.

## Description

The fruit bodies of *Lepiota anupama* have caps that are first convex before flattening out in maturity, often developing a shallow umbo. The cap attains a diameter of Template:Convert. The color of the cap surface ranges from brownish grey to reddish gray. Its surface has flaky scales that are more concentrated near the center. There are fine radial grooves near the cap margin; young specimens, the margin is curved inward, but it straightens as it ages, and eventually develops cracks. The gills are white, and free from attachment to the stem. They are crowded together closely, and there are 2–3 tiers of lamellulae (short gills that do not extend completely from the cap margin to the stem). Viewed with a hand lens, the gill edges appear to have fringes. The white stem is centrally attached to the cap, roughly cylindrical with a slight widening towards the base, and measures Template:Convert long by 2–3 mm wide. Initially solid, the stem becomes hollow in age. The stem has a membranous, whitish ring on its upper half. The flesh is thin, white, and lacks any distinctive odor.

*Lepiota anupama* produces a white spore print. The spores are roughly elliptical in shape, thick-walled, hyaline (translucent), and measure 5–7 by 3.5–5 µm. Spores contain refractive oil droplets. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are club-shaped, four-spored with sterigmata up to 3 µm long, and measure 14–20 by 7–10 µm.

## Habitat and distribution

The fruit bodies of *Lepiota anupama* grow singly or scattered on soil rich in humus. Common in the Kozhikode and Malappuram districts of Kerala, fruiting usually occurs after the occurrence of heavy rains during monsoon season, continuing for about 1.5 weeks.

## See also

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* List of *Lepiota* species

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Kumar2009`

## External links

* Template:MycoBank

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Neolentinus lepideus

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***Neolentinus lepideus*** is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus *Neolentinus*, until recently also widely known as ***Lentinus lepideus***. Common names for it include **scaly lentinus** and **train wrecker**.

## Appearance

*Neolentinus lepideus* fruit bodies are tough, fleshy, agarics of variable size. The cap is at first convex and flattens with maturity while the margin remains inrolled. The cap may grow up to about 12 cm, while the stem grows to about 8 cm in height. The white, cream to pale-brown cap cuticle is distinctively covered with concentrically arranged dark scales which become denser towards the depressed cap centre. The gills are white and their attachment to the stem is adnate to subdecurrent or decurrent. The spore mass is white and the spores are cylindrical in shape. The spore dimensions are 8-12.5 by 3.5-5 µm.

The stem bears the same coloration as the cap and is also covered in dark scales in the region below the white ring.

## Habitat and distribution

Fruiting bodies of *Neolentinus lepideus* are found singly or in tufts emerging from dead and decaying coniferous wood, favouring pines (*Pinus*) including old stumps, logs and timber. It may also be found in gardens, on man-made wooden structures such as old railroad ties, and in such unusual places as coal mines. Less frequently, it is also found on non-coniferous hardwood. The fungus's fruiting season is spring to autumn and it is common in Europe and North America. There have also been multiple reports of its occurrence in the Western Cape, South Africa.

## Importance

*Neolentinus lepideus* has a saprotrophic mode of nutrition and is an important woodland decomposer and a cause of wet rot in building materials. The fungus has shown tolerance of wood treated with creosote and other preservatives, and has been used in experiments to evaluate the efficacy of treatment methods.

## Edibility

While some authors qualify *Neolentinus lepideus* as edible, others describe it as inedible. Despite there being no recorded poisonings, because fruitbodies of it tend to grow on human-made wooden structures, the fungus may come in contact with hazardous chemicals, like wooden railroad ties smeared with creosote.
Fruiting bodies have a flesh with a tough consistency which increases with maturity. The fruiting body has no discernible taste and may have a weak aniseed-like smell.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Template:Cite book
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Template:Cite book
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 *Lentinus lepideus* at Rogers Mushrooms. Rogers Plants Ltd. Retrieved on January 3, 2010.
4. ↑ Lentinus lepideus.
5. ↑ Template:Cite journal

## External links

* Rogers Mushrooms species description
* Good quality images

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Macrometrula

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***Macrometrula*** is a fungal genus in the Psathyrellaceae family. The genus is monotypic, containing the single species ***Macrometrula rubriceps***, found growing in a greenhouse in the Kew Gardens, England. This species was originally named *Agaricus rubriceps* in 1887.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Kirk2008`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Singer1948`
3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Cooke1887`

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Multifurca zonaria

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***Multifurca zonaria*** is a species of mushroom-forming fungus in the genus Russulaceae. Originally described from Thailand as a *Russula* species in 2003, it was moved to the newly created genus *Multifurca* in 2008.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Buyck 2003`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Buyck 2008`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum
* Template:MycoBank

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Leucocoprinus brebissonii

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***Leucocoprinus brebissonii*** is a species of fungus in the Agaricaceae family. It was first described by Louis-Luc Godey in 1874 as *Lepiota brebissonii*, and moved to *Leucocoprinus* by Marcel Locquin in 1943. It is commonly called the **skullcap dapperling** due to its distinctive pattern on the cap. Until recently, this mushroom was only found in Europe but over the last few years has been identified in the Pacific Northwest.

## Description

*Leucocoprinus brebissonii* is a small, delicate, mushroom with white and brittle flesh. Its cap (Template:Convert) starts out conical expanding to a plane in age, with a dark brown/gray center that breaks up and radiates outwards on a white and deeply striated background. The white stem of *L. brebissonii* is long and slender (Template:Convert by Template:Convert), equal or slightly clavate. It usually has a ring present, but due to its fragile nature sometimes it is rubbed or washed off. Its gills are crowded, white and narrowly attached to the stem, but occasionally detach in age. The spores (9 to 12 µm x 5.5 to 7 µm) are white and have a pronounced germ pore, elliptical or almond shape.

## Distribution and habitat

*Leucocoprinus brebissonii* is found in Europe and North America from summer to fall, where it grows in the soil in woods with deciduous trees.

## Edibility

*Leucocoprinus brebissonii* is suspected to be poisonous. Its taste and smell are nondescript.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Gillet1878`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Locquin1943`
3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Trudell2009`
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `urlRogers`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum
* *Leucocoprinus brebissonii* observations at Mushroom Observer

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Lysurus pakistanicus

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***Lysurus pakistanicus*** is a species of fungus in the stinkhorn family. Found in Pakistan, it was first described scientifically in 2006 from a specimen collected on the lawn of the campus of the University of the Punjab in Lahore. The fruit bodies features a clathrate (latticelike) netted head atop a short stipe. It has spores measuring 1.75–2.15 by 3.85–5.25 µm.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Iqbal 2006`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Penicillium sclerotigenum

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***Penicillium sclerotigenum*** is a species of fungus in the genus *Penicillium*. Described as new to science in 1955, it was first isolated from tubers of Chinese yam (*Dioscorea batatas*) found in Japan. It is also associated with blue mold of yam in Korea. A DNA biosensor method for detecting the fungus in yam has been reported. The anti-insect compound sclerotigenin was reported from the fungus in 1999.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Yamamoto 1955`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Kim 2008`
3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Silva 2013`
4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Joshi 1999`

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Psilocybe gallaeciae

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***Psilocybe gallaeciae*** is a species of psilocybin mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. It was found in Spain in 1997, and published as a new species in 2003.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Guzmán 2003`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Obba rivulosa

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***Obba rivulosa*** is a species of crust fungus in the family Gelatoporiaceae. It is found in the Caribbean, Europe, North America, and South America. Its genome sequence was reported in 2016.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Miettinen & Rajchenberg 2012`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Miettinen 2016`

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Ramaria flaccida

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***Ramaria flaccida*** is a species of coral fungus in the Gomphaceae family. Originally described as *Clavaria flaccida* by Elias Fries in 1821, the species was transferred to *Ramaria* by Hubert Bourdot in 1898.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Fries1821`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Bourdot1898`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Nemania effusa

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***Nemania effusa*** is a species of ascomycete fungus in the family Xylariaceae. It is often found living on the dead bark of willow trees. The species was originally named *Hypoxylon effusum* by German botanist Theodor Rudolph Joseph Nitschke in 1867; Zdeněk Pouzar transferred it to *Nemania* in 1985.

## References

1. ↑ Species Profile & Photos
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Nitschke 1867`
3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Pouzar 1985`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Hygrophoropsis ochraceolutea

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***Hygrophoropsis ochraceolutea*** is a species of fungus in the family Hygrophoropsidaceae. It was described in 1991 from collections made in Sardinia.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Contu 1991`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Paralepistopsis amoenolens

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***Paralepistopsis amoenolens***, commonly known as the **paralysis funnel**, is an agaric fungus ascribed to the large genus *Clitocybe*. It was originally described from Morocco in 1975 as *Clitocybe amoenolens* by the French mycologist Malençon. It was discovered to be poisonous after several people had consumed specimens all found in the alpine Maurienne valley in the Savoie department over three years. They had mistaken it for the edible common funnel cap (*C. gibba*) or *Paralepista flaccida* (formerly *Lepista inversa*).

In 2012, following DNA analysis, Vizzini and Ercole assigned this species to the new genus *Paralepistopsis*, which forms a separate clade from other *Clitocybe*s. This change has been accepted by Species Fungorum and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and so the correct name is currently *Paralepistopsis amoenolens*.

A similar species from Japan, *C. acromelalga*, known as the **poison dwarf bamboo mushroom**, had been discovered to be poisonous in 1918.

The resulting syndrome of fungus-induced erythromelalgia lasted from 8 days to 5 months, although one person exhibited symptoms for three years.

## References

1. ↑ Evans S, Kibby G. (2004). *Pocket Nature: Fungi*. Dorling Kindersley Template:ISBN
2. ↑ Template:Cite journal
3. ↑ See Template:Cite journal. The authors provide a phylogram which indicates the evidence that *Paralepistopsis* forms a separate clade.
4. ↑ Paralepistopsis amoenolens (Malençon) Vizzini, 2012. *Global Biodiversity Information Facility*. GBIF. Retrieved on February 25, 2017.
5. ↑ *Paralepistopsis amoenolens* page. *Species Fungorum*. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Retrieved on February 25, 2017.
6. ↑ Template:Cite journal
7. ↑ Template:Cite journal

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Leptosphaeria libanotis

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***Leptosphaeria libanotis*** is a plant pathogen found mainly in Europe. It is the teleomorph stage of the fungus ***Phoma rostrupii***.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Boerma2004`

## External links

* Template:Index Fungorum

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Panaeolus semiovatus var. semiovatus

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***Panaeolus semiovatus* var. *semiovatus***, also known as *Panaeolus semiovatus* and *Anellaria separata*, is a medium-sized buff-colored mushroom/toadstool that grows on horse dung, and has black spores. While some guides list this species as edible, a few people experience gastric upset after consumption. Its common names are the **shiny mottlegill**, or **egghead mottlegill**.

## Description

The cap is up to 8 cm across, dark buff to white, parabolic to nearly convex in maturity. It is sticky when wet, and often wrinkles when dry. The stem is 15 cm by 20 mm, solid and smooth, with an annulus (ring) that is white, but is often found blackened by falling spores. The gills are adnexed, being wider in the middle, and narrowing at both ends, they are brown to black. The flesh is white, or straw-colored.

This is a buff, or whitish-colored mushroom that grows in horse dung. It is widely distributed and is present in many temperate zones of the world.

The very similar *Panaeolus semiovatus var. phalaenarum* (Fr.) Ew. Gerhardt. 1996 **syn.** *Panaeolus phalaenarum* (Bull.) Quel. is more slender (cap 2–4 cm), and lacks the ring.

**As seen below, this mushroom varies from white to dark buff in coloration.**

Pansemivarsemi3.jpgWild *Panaeolus semiovatus var. semiovatus*Pan.semi (2).jpg*Panaeolus semiovatus var. semiovatus* on horse manure.Panaeolus semiovatus (1 of 1).jpgClose up of cap and gills. Note the black spores.
## See also

Template:Portal

* List of *Panaeolus* species

## References

1. ↑ Template:Cite book
2. ↑ Template:Cite book
3. ↑ Template:Cite book

* Template:Cite book

## External links

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* First Nature - *Panaeolus semiovatus*
* Mykoweb - *Panaeolus semiovatus*
* *Panaeolus semiovatus* photo

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Ramaria fennica

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***Ramaria fennica***, commonly known as the **bitter coral**, is a coral mushroom in the family Gomphaceae. It is found in Australia, Europe and North America.

## Taxonomy

Petter Karsten first described the species in 1868 under the name *Clavaria fennica*, based on collections made in Finnish fir woods. Adalbert Ricken transferred it to the genus *Ramaria* in 1920.

The specific epithet *fennica* refers to Finland, where the original collections were made. It is commonly known as the "bitter coral".

## Description

The fruit body consist of numerous branches that arise from usually two to four large primary upright branches, which themselves originate from a single thick, fleshy base; the overall dimensions of the fruit body are Template:Convert tall by Template:Convert wide. Unlike many larger *Ramarias*, *R. fennica* fruits bodies are usually taller than they are wide. The surface of the branches is smooth, and they can range in color from olive-grey to olive-umber to smokey-yellow, grayish-tan, or yellow brown. The primary branches are darker–olive-brown tinged with violet in young specimens. The thick and fleshy stalk is white below, with color becoming the same as the branch color in the upper part of the stem. The flesh is white, firm, and brittle.

*Ramaria fennica* produces a pale yellowish-tan spore print. Spores are elliptical, covered with tiny spines, and measure 5.5–8 by 3–4.5 μm.

The edibility of the coral is not known with certainty, but its sometimes bitter taste and thin flesh make it unappealing.

### Similar species

*Ramaria fumiosiavellanea* is similar in coloration, but has a much reduced stem.

## Habitat and distribution

Fruit bodies grow on the ground singly, scattered, or in groups, often with tanoak (in North America). A generally uncommon species, it sometimes fruits prolifically. It is also known from Europe and Australia.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Karsten 1868`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Ricken 1920`
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Arora 1986`
4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `May 2003`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Mycena sublucens

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***Mycena sublucens*** is a species of agaric fungus in the family Mycenaceae. Found in Indonesia, it was described as new to science in 1954 by English mycologist E. J. H. Corner. The fruit bodies are bioluminescent.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Corner 1954`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Desjardin 2008`

## External links

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Leccinellum corsicum

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***Leccinellum corsicum*** is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. It grows in symbiosis with rockrose in Mediterranean Europe and Algeria. The fungus was originally described as new to science in 1896 by French mycologist Léon Louis Rolland as a species of *Boletus*. Andreas Bresinsky and Manfred Binder transferred it to the newly circumscribed genus *Leccinellum* in 2003. The bolete is edible, and is especially appreciated in Portugal.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Bresinsky 2003`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `de Roman 2011`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Rubroboletus rubrosanguineus

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***Rubroboletus rubrosanguineus*** is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae that is found in Europe.

## Taxonomy

The bolete was first described from the former Czechoslovakia as a subspecies of *Boletus splendidus* (now *Boletus legaliae*), and later promoted to species status (as *Boletus rubrosanguineus*) by Jean-Louis Cheype in 1983. Its species name comes from the Latin words *ruber* "red" and *sanguineus* "bloody". It was transferred to the new genus *Rubroboletus* in 2014 along with several allied reddish, blue-staining bolete species. Molecular analysis of eight of the member species found it was most closely related to *Rubroboletus sinicus* and formed a larger clade with *R. satanas* and *R. pulchrotinctus*

## Description

The large stout fruit bodies have light to dark grey or grey-brown caps, often with pinkish margins, that may reach 15 cm (6 in) in diameter. Initially hemispherical (dome-shaped), they become convex to flat as they mature. The pores are red, the tubes yellow and the flesh is pale yellow, and all become blue when bruised. The stout stipe is bulbous or cylindrical at the base and yellow at the top and pink- to orange-red at its lower parts, and patterned in a fine darker orange or red reticulation. The mushrooms smell of hay when fresh or dried. It closely resembles *R. legaliae*, though the latter species grows in deciduous forests.

## Habitat and distribution

*Rubroboletus rubrosanguineus* is found in eastern Europe, east to the Caucasus. It is mycorrhizal, forming associations with spruce (*Picea*) and fir (*Abies*), and generally found in montane habitats. The fungus is classified as "critically endangered" in a Redlist of fungi of the Czech Republic.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Singer 1976`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Cheype 1983`
3. ↑ Template:Cite book
4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Zhao 2014`
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Assyov`
6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Assyov: legaliae`
7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Antonín 2007`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Psilocybe strictipes

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***Psilocybe strictipes*** is a psilocybin mushroom that grows on grassy meadows and lawns; It is found throughout the cool temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and it is most common in Europe, and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. It is closely related to *Psilocybe semilanceata* and *Psilocybe pelliculosa*. *Psilocybe strictipes* is commonly confused with *Psilocybe semilanceata* and can be differentiated by its lack of a papilla and a convex to subumbonate cap. "Strictipes" comes from the Latin words *stricti* (narrow) and *pes* (foot).

## Description

*Psilocybe strictipes* has a farinaceous smell and taste. Pleurocystidia are absent and its lageniform cheilocystidia are 21-45 by 7-10 µm. The cap is 5 to 30 mm across, conic to campanulate to convex, smooth, and translucent-striate near the margin, often with a low umbo. It is walnut brown to dark rusty brown, with a smooth surface and a separable gelatinous pellicle. It is Hygrophanous, fading to buff as it dries. The flesh sometimes stains blue where damaged. The gills are cream-colored when young and dark purple brown when mature, with an adnate attachment. The spores are dark purple brown, suboblong, and 11 by 6 µm. The stipe has a white to ocher, equal, tough, and cartilaginous structure with fibrillose patches. It is 4 to 10 cm long and around .25 cm thick. The partial veil is thin, cortinate, and does not usually leave any remnants on the stipe.

## Distribution and habitat

*Psilocybe strictipes* fruits in late summer to fall in Chile, England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Scotland, Slovakia, Siberia, Sweden, and the Pacific Northwest.
*Psilocybe strictipes* is found in lawns and grassy fields but never growing directly from dung.

## External links

* *Psilocybe strictipes* (Google Images)
* *Psilocybe strictipe*s photo

## See also

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* Mushroom hunting
* Psilocybin mushrooms

## References

* Template:Cite book

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Hypomyces completus

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***Hypomyces completus*** is a parasitic ascomycete in the order Hypocreales. The fungus grows on boletes, typically *Suillus spraguei* in North America, although the type collection was found on growing on *Boletinus oxydabilis* in Siberia. The color of its subiculum (a crust-like growth of mycelium) ranges from white initially to yellow-brown to greenish-brown to brown to black; the fruitbodies (perithecia) range from pale brown to dark brown to black. Spores measure 35–40 by 4–6 μm.

The species was described as new to science in 1971 by G. R. W. Arnold, who placed it in *Peckiella*, a genus segregated from *Hypomyces* by Pier Andrea Saccardo to contain species having unicellular ascospores. In their 1989 review, Rogerson and Samuels did not accept this genus as valid, stating "variations in these features occur, occasionally in a single perithecium", and they reclassified the fungus in *Hypomyces*. The anamorph species associated with *H. papulasporae* is *Sepedonium brunneum*, first described by Charles Horton Peck in 1887.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Rogerson 1989`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Mycena renati

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***Mycena renati***, commonly known as the **beautiful bonnet**, is a species of mushroom in the Mycenaceae family. It was described by French mycologist Lucien Quélet in 1886. It has been collected in Austria, Uşak Province in Western Turkey, and Yugoslavia.

## Description

The cap is initially conic or parabolic, but expands somewhat in maturity to become convex, and typically reaches dimensions of up to Template:Convert.

## References

1. ↑ English Names for fungi. *British Mycological Society website*. British Mycological Society.
2. ↑ Template:Cite book
3. ↑ Template:Cite journal
4. ↑ Template:Cite journal
5. ↑ Template:Cite journal
6. ↑ Aronsen A. *Mycena renati*. *A key to the Mycenas of Norway*. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved on September 26, 2009.

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Phaeopholiota

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***Phaeopholiota*** is a fungal genus in the family Agaricaceae. A monotypic genus, it contains the single Himalayan species ***Phaeopholiota crinipellis***, described as new to science in 1983.

## See also

* List of Agaricaceae genera
* List of Agaricales genera

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Sawwal 1983`

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Morchella galilaea

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***Morchella galilaea*** is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae that was described as new to science in 2012. Unlike most morels, which are characterized by spring season fruiting, *M. galilaea* fruits in autumn (between October and December). Molecular studies have shown that the fungus is found in China, Java, Hawaii, Israel, New Zealand, India, Turkey, and three countries in Africa. The type collection was made under *Fraxinus syriaca* plants in Israel.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Taşkın 2015`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Clowez 2012`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Rhodactina himalayensis

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***Rhodactina himalayensis*** is a species of secotioid fungus in the family Boletaceae, and the type species of genus *Rhodactina*. Originally described from Uttar Pradesh in 1989, it is also found in Dipterocarpaceae-dominated forests in Chang Mai, northern Thailand. It grows in association with roots of *Shorea robusta*.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Pegler 1989`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Yang 2006`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Lentinus concentricus

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***Lentinus concentricus*** is a species of edible mushroom in the family Polyporaceae, first found in northern Thailand and described as new to science in 2011.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Karunarathna 2010`

## Further reading

* Senthilarasu, Gunasekaran. "the lentinoid fungi (Lentinus and Panus) from Western ghats, India." (2015).
* Quél, C. E. R. I. O. P. O. R. U. S. "Zmitrovich IV, Kovalenko AE Lentinoid and polyporoid fungi, two generic conglomerates containing important medicinal mushrooms in molecular perspective International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms." International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms (2015).
* Njouonkou, André-Ledoux, Roy Watling, and Jérôme Degreef. "*Lentinus cystidiatus* sp. nov.(Polyporaceae): an African lentinoid fungus with an unusual combination of both skeleto-ligative hyphae and pleurocystidia." Plant Ecology and Evolution 146.2 (2013): 240-245.

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Pseudoomphalina kalchbrenneri

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***Pseudoomphalina kalchbrenneri*** is a species of fungi in the Tricholomataceae family, and the type species of the genus *Pseudoomphalina*. Originally described as *Omphalia kalchbrenneri* by Italian mycologist Giacomo Bresadola, the species was made the type species of the then newly created genus *Pseudoomphalina* by Rolf Singer in 1958. The fungus is found in North America and Europe.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Singer1958`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum
* Images

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Pseudoboletus parasiticus

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*Pseudoboletus parasiticus*, previously known as *Boletus parasiticus* and *Xerocomus parasiticus*, commonly known as the **parasitic bolete** is a rare, inedible Boletaceae mushroom found on earthballs (*Scleroderma citrinum*). *Pseudoboletus parasiticus* is one of the early most diverging lineages of the Boletaceae, the lineage of *Chalciporus spp* and *Buchwaldoboletus lignicola* is the most basal lineage in the Boletaceae.

## Description

The cap is hemispherical when young, later flat, yellowish brown or darker and up to 5 cm in diameter. The flesh is pale yellow with a mild taste and the spores are olive.
The stem is pale yellow to olive.

 File:Pseudoboletus.parasiticus.001.jpg
## See also

* List of *Boletus* species
* List of North American boletes

## References

* E. Garnweidner. *Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and Europe*. Collins. 1994.

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Template:Cite journal

## External links

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Peziza vesiculosa

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***Peziza vesiculosa*** is a species of apothecial fungus belonging to the family Pezizaceae. This is a common species of Europe, with scattered records in other parts of the world. The pale, cup-shaped ascocarps can grow quite large (up to Template:Convert in diameter) and often form densely packed groups. It is found on nutrient-rich soils, rotting straw and manure and can often be seen on compost heaps. The edibility of *Peziza* species, including this one, is poorly known but this species is often considered poisonous.

## References

* Template:Cite book
* Template:Cite book

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum
* *Peziza vesiculosa* at GBIF

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Paurocotylis

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***Paurocotylis*** is a genus of fungi in the Pyronemataceae family. The genus is monotypic, containing the single species ***Paurocotylis pila***, a truffle-like fungus found in Europe and New Zealand. It was described by Miles Joseph Berkeley in Joseph Dalton Hooker's 1855 publication *The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage II, Flora Novae-Zealandiae*.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Kirk2008`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Hooker1855`

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Panaeolus papilionaceus

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***Panaeolus papilionaceus***, also known as *Agaricus calosus*, *Panaeolus campanulatus*, *Panaeolus retirugis*, and *Panaeolus sphinctrinus*, and commonly known as **Petticoat mottlegill**, is a very common and widely distributed little brown mushroom that feeds on dung.

This mushroom is the type species for the genus *Panaeolus*.

## Description

* **Cap**: 1 – 5 cm across, obtusely conic, grayish brown, not hygrophanous, becoming campanulate in age, margin adorned with white toothlike partial veil fragments when young, flesh thin.
* **Gills**: adnate to adnexed close to crowded, one or two tiers of intermediate gills, pale gray, acquiring a mottled, blackish appearance in age, with whitish edges.
* **Spores**: 12 - 18 x 7-10 µm, elliptical, smooth, with an apical pore, spore print black.
* **Stipe**: 6 – 12 cm by 2 – 4 mm, gray-brown to reddish brown, darker where handled, paler toward the apex, fibrous and pruinose.
* **Odor**: Mild.
* **Taste**: Unappetizing.
* **Microscopic features**: Basidia 4-sterigmate; abruptly clavate. Cheilocystidia abundant; subcylindric, often subcapitate or capitate.

## Habitat and formation

Occurring singly, gregariously, or caespitosely on cow/horse dung, moose droppings, and in pastures. Widely distributed in North America in Spring, Summer, and Fall and through the Winter in warmer climates. It can be found in countries including Canada (Alberta, British Columbia), the United States (Alabama, Alaska, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Missouri, Montana, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, Texas, Washington,), the Caribbean (Bahamas, Cuba, San Vincent Island), Chile, Colombia, Uruguay, France, The Netherlands, Macedonia, Mexico, Norway, Slovenia, South Africa, Uganda, China, Iran, Lithuania, Kuwait, and the Philippines.

## Edibility

*Panaeolus papilionaceus* is edible, however it is neither choice in flavor nor substantial in mass. While similar looking species, such as *Panaeolus cinctulus*, do contain psilocybin, *Panaeolus papilionaceus* does not.

## Gallery

Panaeolus.Papilionaceus.001.jpg*Panaeolus papilionaceus var. papilionaceus* 2011-08-31 Panaeolus papilionaceus (Bull.) Quél 183735.jpgPanaeolus.sphinctrinus2.-.lindsey.jpgPanaeolus papilionaceus 20080913w.jpgPanaeolus.papilionaceus3.-.lindsey.jpg
## See also

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* List of *Panaeolus* species

## References

1. ↑ Worldwide Distribution of Neurotropic Fungi, Guzman (www.museocivico.rovereto.tn.it)
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 *Panaeolus papilionaceus* The Mushroom Observer (mushroomobserver.org)]

## External links

* Mushroom Expert - *Panaeolus papilionaceus*
* Mykoweb - *Panaeolus papilionaceus*
* Observations on Mushroom Observer

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Phallus luteus

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***Phallus luteus*** is a species of fungus in the stinkhorn family. First described in 1936 as *Dictyophora lutea*, it was transferred to the genus *Phallus* in 2009. It is widely distributed in Asia, including China, Korea, Japan, and India, and has been collected in Mexico.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `urlMycoBank: Phallus luteus`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Kasuya 2009`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Mycetinis alliaceus

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***Mycetinis alliaceus*** (syn. ***Marasmius alliaceus***), commonly known as the **garlic parachute**, is one of the larger mushrooms formerly in the genus *Marasmius*, having a beige cap of up to 4 cm and a long tough slender stipe. It emanates a strong smell of garlic, and this is the significance of the Latin species name, *alliaceus*. It is distributed throughout Europe, being fairly common in some areas and quite rare in others.

## Description

The species can be described as follows:

* The cap is beige, ochre or flesh-coloured and is 2–4 cm in diameter, sometimes wrinkled, somewhat domed in the middle.
* The gills are whitish and narrowly attached to the stem.
* The spore powder is white.
* The tough dark-coloured stem can be 15 cm tall but is only up to 3 mm in diameter.
* The stem is velvety (pruinose) and black below, though it may be brown near the top.

The strong taste and smell of garlic is a product of the separation of γ-glutamyl-marismin. This mushroom is found in European woods (especially beech woods) from early summer to autumn, growing on fallen leaves and rotting wood.

## Related species and naming

This species was originally documented by Nikolaus Joseph Freiherr von Jacquin in 1773 and subsequently it was long known as *Marasmius alliaceus*, a designation established by Elias Magnus Fries. It gave its name to the section *Alliacei* of genus *Marasmius* until following a 2005 paper it was decided to separate this group off into genus *Mycetinis* (see that page for more details). The most likely species to be confused is the fairly common *Mycetinis scorodonius*, which is distinguished by a bare shiny red-brown stem. *Mycetinis querceus* (illegitimate synonym: *M. prasiosmus*) has a velvety stem like *M. alliaceus*, but the colour is purple-brown.

Related garlic-smelling species also occur in America; examples are *Marasmius perlongispermus* and *Mycetinis copelandii*.

## Edibility

The cap of *M. alliaceus* is edible, but of limited culinary value due to its meagre flesh. It can be added to dishes to give a garlic flavour, which could be useful for people who are allergic to real garlic.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Courtecuisse`
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `SF`
3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Bon`
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Moser`
5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Antonín`
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Mycorance`
7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Halling`

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