Bartholomew Kuma

## Statistics

### Affiliations:

Seven Warlords of the Sea (former); Revolutionary Army; Sorbet Kingdom (former)

### Occupations:

Pirate; Slave (former); Warlord of the Sea (former); Revolutionary Officer (former); King of Sorbet Kingdom (former)

### Residence:

Sorbet Kingdom (former); Baltigo (former)

### Age:

45 (debut)
47 (after timeskip)

## Devil Fruit

### Type:

Paramecia

**Bartholomew Kuma** is a former Warlord of the Sea, the former king of the Sorbet Kingdom, and an officer and founding member of the Revolutionary Army with a bounty of File:Beli.png296,000,000. According to both himself and his daughter Jewelry Bonney, he is part of a special race.

Once feared as an extremely vicious pirate, earning himself the title **"Tyrant"**, he is now a human weapon called a "Pacifista", developed by the scientist Vegapunk. Once Vegapunk finished his modifications on Kuma, the Warlord was converted into the first complete Pacifista cyborg, with the serial **PX-0**, and mentally died in the process. After protecting the Thousand Sunny for 2 years, Kuma became a slave-to-rent for the World Nobles as punishment until his fellow revolutionaries freed him.

The Straw Hat Pirates had an encounter with him during the Thriller Bark Arc and later during the Sabaody Archipelago Arc, where he was responsible for separating the crew. He is also a major antagonist in the Marineford Arc where he took part in the Summit War of Marineford and sided with the Marines, along with most of the other Warlords.

## Appearance

Kuma is an enormous man, being 689 cm tall. He is the second tallest of the former Warlords (being three centimeters shorter than Gecko Moria) and is usually seen carrying a Bible. He has a pair of round, bear-like ears that protrude from the top of his head. His eyes are strangely covered by clear-mirrored lenses; while initially, he will give the impression of wearing glasses, it seems that, based on the Pacifista that were destroyed, that his own eyes were actually replaced by cybernetic ones. Several decades ago, when Bonney was a young child, his eyes were normal, and he wore eyeglasses.

His white hat and the dark blue fabric of his pants are covered in brown spots. His jacket contains a large white design reminiscent of a target crosshair or a coda sign. There are also several white paw prints lining the bottom hem of his coat. He also has a long protruding chin. He bears the tattoo "PX-0" on the left side of the base of his throat, after the final touches were done on him becoming a complete cyborg before the Summit War of Marineford.

In the anime, Kuma's hair and jacket are black, and his hat is gray with black paw-like prints. In the manga, Oda originally intended for Kuma to have a completely different color scheme. Kuma's hair was shown to be brown, his jacket bright orange, and his hat yellow with green spots. Later on the cover of Chapter 532, his coat was changed from orange to blue, though the rest of his design remained untouched. Later still, on Volume 90, Kuma's hair was changed to black, matching his depiction in the anime. In Unlimited Cruise, Kuma's jacket is brown.

After the timeskip, Kuma's cybernetic armor has become heavily damaged, with a few weapons jutting out of his body, fruit of his mission to protect the Thousand Sunny from attackers for two years. Due to his subsequent enslaving at Mary Geoise, he now wears rags similar to the ones Jean Bart once wore when he was a slave, a collar and chain around his neck, has even more swords jutting out of his body as result of the World Nobles inflicting damage onto him for their own amusement, one of his cybernetic eyes is missing and he no longer holds his signature Bible. It is unknown if he has the "Hoof of the Soaring Dragon" burnt onto him like all the other slaves the World Nobles have. After he was freed from slavery, he went back to his original clothes and had all the swords removed from his body and it appears that his cybernetics have been repaired.

In SBS Volume 63, Oda drew the Seven Warlords as children. Kuma had short hair and was missing his bear ears hat, glasses, and cybernetic enhancements he receives later on. He wore tattered clothing and wooden sandals carrying a heavy load of chopped firewood on his back while reading a book called "Ninokin".

### Gallery

#### Main Series

Kuma without his hat on.

Kuma's original color scheme depicted in the manga.

Kuma's later color scheme from Chapter 532.

Kuma as a child.

Kuma as he appeared while raising Bonney.

Jinbe's imagined version of Kuma as King of the Sorbet Kingdom.

Kuma at age 25.

Kuma at age 35.

Kuma appearance while on Egghead.

Kuma's outfit as a slave during the Levely Arc.

#### Video Games

Kuma in *One Piece Unlimited Cruise*.

Kuma in *One Piece: Pirate Warriors 2*.

Kuma in *One Py Berry Match*.

Kuma in *One Piece: Super Grand Battle! X*.

Kuma in *One Piece: Burning Blood*.

Kuma in *One Piece: Burning Will*.

Kuma in *One Piece Thousand Storm*.

Kuma (Formal) in *One Piece Thousand Storm*.

#### Other

Kuma's concept art from the anime.

Kuma in the Digitally Colored Manga.

Kuma as a woman.

Kuma in the *Family Time* omake.

Kuma Island.

Kuma in One Piece Film Dice Game Adventure Island.

Kuma's portrait in *One day*.

Kuma on the cover of the disc *One Piece Nippon Judan! 47 Cruise CD*.

Kuma's non-canon wanted poster in Episode 958.

Kuma's non-canon wanted poster in *One Piece: Stampede*.

## Personality

According to Sabo, Kuma was a gentle man whose kindness earned him great respect from his fellow Revolutionaries. From his friendship with Luffy's father, Kuma requested Vegapunk to aid Luffy and his crew one last time by protecting their ship for two years after being fully converted into a Pacifista. Likewise, Kuma was a very loving father to his only daughter, Bonney. Indeed, Bonney vouched that her father's reputation as an evil tyrant was falsely advertised by the Government, and Kuma has always portrayed himself as a very calm and quiet person.

When talking, Kuma customarily uses the word target in his sentences. He also tends to ask a person where they would like to go on a holiday before he sends them away with his Devil Fruit ability, often honoring the recipient's request, but will occasionally send them to a place of his own choosing regardless of whether or not he received a reply.

 File:Bartholomew Kuma Talks to Rayleigh.png
Although he obeys the commands of the World Government, Kuma disagrees with what his superiors deem "good" and "evil" in the world. Instead, Kuma strives to uphold his own ideals (described as Moral Justice) whenever possible. He even goes so far as to speculate that Blackbeard's acceptance into the Warlord ranks had been a very poor decision by the government, despite the fact that it filled the position left by Crocodile's defeat. However, Kuma's loyalty does not extend to the Marines. This can be seen when he declines to answer a direct question from Admiral Kizaru during the Sabaody Archipelago Arc. Due to his refusal to assist the Marines without a direct order, Kuma did not hesitate to lie when it came to his victory over the Straw Hat Pirates at Sabaody Archipelago.

There are still several mysteries behind Kuma's character. The details behind his transformation into a "Pacifista" and what exactly it entails are still unknown. He also whispered a message to Silvers Rayleigh during the battle at the Sabaody Archipelago, which the old pirate believes puts the other man at risk. It was revealed much later.

Kuma was shown to be a brilliant agent of deception, managing to successfully manipulate the World Government from discovering his true affiliation towards the Revolutionary Army for several years, managing to be appointed to the position of Warlord of the Sea (though it does appear that they did eventually become suspicious enough of Kuma to compromise his identity as a double-agent and force him to accept a permanent lobotomy). Despite being perceived as the most dutiful of the Seven Warlords of the Sea, Kuma still held enough of his convictions to adamantly refuse to directly address Marines as high-ranked as Admiral Kizaru. He was generally calm and composed in any situation and is subtle in his attaining of goals (such as not revealing to the Straw Hats the exact reasons for testing their power twice and then separating them across the world for future preparation). He also demonstrated great loyalty and honor to his cause in defending the "Thousand Sunny" from a continuous stream of assault over the course of two years, not moving to even recover from his injuries. His combat abilities are also demonstrated with expert use, Kuma using it for offense, defense and travel and often in quick succession of the previous action.

However, at present, the modifications have been completed. In the finalization of the Pacifista project, Kuma (as the original model and the only one to have self-awareness) eventually lost his free will, personality and memory to the modifications, in order to ensure his reliability and continuing services towards the World Government. In this stage, Kuma shares the same mindless intelligence of his fellow Pacifista models, only recognizing individuals as either enemies or allies to the World Government. Doflamingo refers to the original personality as being "dead", though it was later revealed that Kuma and Dr. Vegapunk (the man responsible for his cybernetic implants) made a secret deal to allow for Kuma to have a temporary relapse by rendering his final "free thought" as defending the Thousand Sunny.

After the timeskip, Sentomaru noted that Kuma had been acting strange ever since he had lost free will. This was a result of his deal with Vegapunk to have his final form protect the Thousand Sunny until one of the Straw Hats arrived.

## Relationships

### Family

#### Jewelry Bonney

Kuma is Bonney's father, and the only family member she has left. The two of them had a very loving relationship, as Bonney had fond memories of her childhood with him. She shows an intense rage towards the World Government for enslaving him and allowing him to suffer abuse at the hands of the World Nobles, and defended a Pacifista unit that resembles her father.

### Revolutionaries

Prior to receiving his final modifications, Kuma was a loyal member of the Revolutionary Army, having been one of the organization's original founders alongside his comrades Dragon and Ivankov.

Kuma is deeply respected by his fellow revolutionaries as Sabo, Morley, Karasu, and Lindbergh planned to liberate Kuma from his torturous slavery during their infiltration of Mary Geoise, which they successfully did and escaped with him.

#### Monkey D. Dragon

His relationship with Monkey D. Dragon is still a mystery. Though Kuma was working with the Revolutionary Army in secret as a Warlord, his final modification into a full Pacifista now places him fully under the World Government's control. Dragon is seemingly fully aware of Kuma's deal with the Marines. Kuma also had knowledge of Luffy being Dragon's son (something that even Ivankov was unaware of until he met the boy) and he subsequently spared the Straw Hats' lives on two occasions, as well as guarding their ship for 2 years from the likes of pirates and Marines due to their common connection.

#### Emporio Ivankov

It was stated by Ivankov that he and Kuma knew each other, and that he is no longer the man he once was. Ivankov knows Kuma very well, one clue of this is Ivankov's comment about how Kuma hated the World Government.

### Straw Hat Pirates

Kuma knew a lot about Monkey D. Luffy, as he at least knew that Portgas D. Ace and Monkey D. Dragon are his adoptive brother and biological father, respectively. Both relationships were not public matters, and as such, very few people actually know about them, until the then Fleet Admiral Sengoku made it public during the war. He gave Luffy one final farewell before sending him to Amazon Lily and losing his free will to the Pacifista project's finalization.

 File:Kuma About To Take Luffy Away.png
After Kuma witnessed Luffy defeating Gecko Moria, he reported it to the World Government, and they ordered Kuma to kill all witnesses on Thriller Bark including the Straw Hat Pirates. During the confrontation, Kuma injured Franky and Sanji hurt his leg while trying to attack Kuma. After a fight with Zoro, Kuma offered to spare everyone else if they allowed him to take Luffy. They refused and Kuma attacked them with an Ursus Shock, knocking out most of the Straw Hats except for Zoro and Sanji. Seeing no other way, Zoro offered to trade his life for Luffy's. Kuma agreed to Zoro's terms and subjugated him into experiencing the pain Luffy endured throughout his fight against Moria. Acknowledging Zoro's loyalty, Kuma even mused about Dragon having a good son with a loyal crew.

After Thriller Bark, he spared them again on the Sabaody Archipelago, where he helped them escape Admiral Kizaru and Sentomaru, his last known act under his own free will. While Kuma helped the entire Straw Hat Pirates crew, he showed a certain respect for Zoro, specifically after he found the swordsman alive following the events at Thriller Bark. Zoro, too, recognized and respected Kuma’s strength, admitting that he was only alive because of the other’s mercy.

Kuma's intentions during the incident with the World Nobles on the Sabaody Archipelago were to save the Straw Hat Pirates. He also made a deal with Vegapunk to program him to protect the Thousand Sunny until a Straw Hat member returned. Franky told the other Straw Hats that they owe a debt to Kuma, although he noted the next time they would meet, Kuma would be a heartless, human weapon.

### World Government and Marines

Prior to his final modifications, Kuma publicly claimed to follow the World Government. However, he refused to cooperate with the Marines unless given direct orders by the World Government to do so. Currently, due to his Pacifista upgrades, he has seemingly become a slave to both the World Government and Marines alike, doing whatever he is commanded. Kuma was also seen joking to Vice Admiral Garp and Fleet Admiral Sengoku about Luffy's crew slipping through his hands. Sentomaru, who was always distrustful of Kuma, addressed him as "Kuma-kou" (くま公, *Kuma-kō*?), an honorific meant as a sarcastic and insulting way of addressing someone.

 File:Kuma and Pacifista.png
Moria stated that because of Kuma's allegiance to the World Government, he worried him more than any other Warlord.

The reason for his pretense as a loyal tool of the World Government has not been revealed yet, nor has the reason why he agreed to have his personality and memories removed or why he had even agreed to become a participant in the Pacifista project in the first place. He has shown to have command over the Pacifista units during his visit to Sabaody Archipelago, also showing he had no qualms sending one away during the battle along with the rest of the Straw Hat Pirates.

Kuma is said to have hated the World Government before his conversion into a Pacifista.

Between the abolition of the Seven Warlord system and his liberation from Mary Geoise, Kuma is now technically an enemy of the government once again despite his current mindless state.

#### Dr. Vegapunk

 File:Kuma & Vegapunk.png
Kuma seems to have a good enough relationship with Vegapunk, whose interest in the former allowed Kuma to escape a death sentence in exchange for becoming a test subject. Vegapunk was able to grant him his final wish as a human being, which was to program Kuma to protect the Straw Hats' ship until their return. Vegapunk highly respects Kuma as a friend, as he modified the Warlord to be the prototype Pacifista while letting him act against the World Government's interests. The doctor also seems to know the motives for Kuma's acceptance in participating in the Pacifista project, but keeps those a secret from whoever would be interested in that information.

Vegapunk has conducted several experiments on Kuma, including one where the latter was requested to materialize his memories through his own Devil Fruit abilities for Vegapunk to study. While Kuma at first refused, he eventually complied and allowed Vegapunk access to his now tangible memories. Vegapunk, out of respect, keeps Kuma's memories locked up inside a high-security room within his laboratory.

#### World Nobles

Due to his current emotionless and inhuman state, he became a slave-to-rent for the World Nobles, as a punishment for him aiding the Straw Hat Pirates. Seeing him unable to cry or scream regardless of injuries, the Celestial Dragons heavily abuse him for their own pleasure, referring him as a top-class slave until his eventual rescue.

### Other

#### Gecko Moria

Kuma has been shown interacting with one of the Seven Warlords of the Sea, Gecko Moria. Moria feels that because of his loyalty to the World Government, he cannot be trusted. Kuma showed much patience around Moria, offering assistance to help him against the Straw Hats despite his disrespect towards him. Moria was gravely insulted at his offer and showed no qualms about attacking him, despite Kuma not being affected by his intimidation tactics. Moria also knew of Kuma's Devil Fruit, as shown when he stated that he knew about his powers and his tendency of asking people where they want to go on a trip before sending them flying away.

#### Marshall D. Teach

Kuma has not met Blackbeard directly but showed to have prior knowledge of him before he was elected as a Warlord. Despite his unknown bounty, he knew about his past history as a member of the Whitebeard Pirates and was opposed to his appointment, showing his doubts over the matter. Kuma's doubts would prove correct, as Blackbeard used his position as a Warlord to invade Impel Down and recruit Level 6 prisoners to strengthen his crew.

## Abilities and Powers

### Overview

Prior to his final Pacifista modifications, Kuma was an officer in the Revolutionary Army. As a result, he had control over its lower ranking members. However, he lost this power when he became a complete slave of the World Government. As the former king of the Sorbet Kingdom, he once held political power.

Kuma was shown to be brilliant at deception, managing to successfully trick the World Government about his true affiliation with the Revolutionary Army for several years, as well as being elected to the position of one of the Seven Warlords of the Sea.

Kuma is one of the few people to have completely defeated the Straw Hat Pirates and is also the only character introduced so far that has defeated the crew single-handedly, twice. However, the crew was extremely weak both times and they were in no shape to fight another battle, much less a Warlord (in the first encounter, the crew had just finished battling another Warlord of the Sea, Gecko Moria, as well as an island full of zombies and a giant zombie named Oars; in the second encounter, they had just battled against a Pacifista while fending off a second, Kizaru and Sentomaru). He did not want the crew dead, however, since he allowed them to escape, indicating he might have held back.

He is extremely fast, enough to seem as though he has disappeared in the eyes of the Straw Hats, as well everyone on Thriller Bark. This is, however, unclear if it has something to do with the modifications from Dr. Vegapunk, or if it is part of his Devil Fruit powers, or simply his raw speed.

He has such a fierce reputation that even other powerful and famous pirates are unnerved by him, as seen when the captain of the Kid Pirates, Eustass Kid, seemed heavily disturbed when he witnessed the arrival of a Pacifista (mistaking it for the real Kuma) on the Sabaody Archipelago, despite the fact that his bounty was higher than Kuma's former one.

### Geographical Knowledge

Through his actions, he appears to have great knowledge in geography, as with his powers he knows exactly where he is sending someone seemingly no matter where in the world he is. His degree of knowledge is high enough to perfectly locate even a moving sky island, although his cyborg modifications may have enhanced this ability. This is also shown when he asks people where they would like to go before he "pushes" them.

### Devil Fruit

*Further information: Nikyu Nikyu no Mi*

 File:Nikyu Nikyu no Mi Infobox.png
Kuma ate the Nikyu Nikyu no Mi, a Paramecia-type Devil Fruit that gave him paw pads on the palms of his hands; these paw pads have the power to repel anything they come into contact with. His paw pads grant him an absolute defense that allows him to protect himself from all physical attacks, even swords. This ability, coupled with his vast reaction speed, allows him to repel attacks from extremely quick opponents, such as Luffy in Gear 2. He can also use his paws to attack by repelling his target at great speed. By Kuma's own admission, his paw pads repel things at the speed of light.

 File:Tsuppari Pad Ho.png
His palm strikes are able to deal significant damage to his enemies, due his repelling power subjecting his target to a severe level of force. Additionally, his power to repel is not just strong, it is also focused into a cannon-like blast, enough to create a deep hole through thick stone. His paw strikes can also travel beyond the target, dealing identical damage to anything behind them as well.

Kuma can repel the air itself, attacking his opponent with a cannon-like shockwave. He can also compress an immense amount of air between his hands into a single small bubble, and then release the air bubble, which explodes as a super-massive shockwave that can decimate an entire island.

Interestingly, he can repel all the pain, injury, and exhaustion out of a person's body, allowing him to completely heal people in an instant, even if they have suffered an incredibly severe level of damage. Once the pain is expelled from the person's body, it takes the form of a paw shaped bubble, the greater damage that was removed, the larger the bubble will be. The damage can be transferred into another person's body, causing them a great deal of suffering all at once.

Possibly the most impressive application of this fruit is that Kuma can send someone flying over vast distances, even across the world and traveling over the course of several days. The victim of this ability is encased in a paw bubble that protects them from and breaks through any obstacles that are in the way of the destination of Kuma's choosing. To an outside observer, the victim appears to vanish.

### Pacifista Modifications

*Further information: Pacifista*
 File:Kuma's Cybernetic Enhancements.png
Kuma is now a cyborg modified by Vegapunk. He is, however, very different from other cyborgs, and displays strength and agility that are on a different scale.

As with the other Pacifista models, Kuma has a built-in electronic recognition device within his pupils, which enables him to accurately identify certain individuals (presumably anybody that is listed within the World Government's bounty system) and their bounty count from across a distance of several dozen meters.

Kuma's massive build along with his cybernetic enhancements grants him tremendous durability and strength comparable if not superior to other Pacifista; the average Pacifista model is capable of withstanding a combination assault from the pre-timeskip Monster Trio. At Thriller Bark, he effortlessly lifted a large slab of rubble with a single hand and his body was resilient enough to withstand most physical attacks, including Sanji's "Concasser" (in fact, Sanji injured his leg after delivering the blow, despite it being strong enough to stun a user of Tekkai) and even Zoro's "Shishi Sonson", a technique that was able to cut through steel, which only left a scratch on Kuma despite it being a surprise attack. Emporio Ivankov's "Galaxy Wink" appeared to inflict no substantial damage upon Kuma, despite the barrage of attacks being powerful enough to knock him off his feet.

 File:Kuma Fires A Laser Beam.png
Even after two years of accumulated damage, lack of repair, and lack of sustenance intake, Kuma was still operational. While the modifications gave Kuma great strength, their full completion over a long time period apparently robbed Kuma of his free will.

Due to technically having his mind removed, Kuma does not feel any pain. While being enslaved by the World Nobles, Kuma was constantly and brutally abused by the World Nobles without feeling any discomfort, not even reacting as Rosward struck his head hard with a hammer and stabbed him with a sword. He has multiple swords stabbed inside his body and continues to function without succumbing to the accumulated damage.

As a Pacifista, Kuma has the ability to shoot laser beams, which not only causes massive explosions upon detonation, but can also melt steel. This laser is apparently a replication of Kizaru's Pika Pika no Mi powers and for Kuma, this launcher is only installed in his mouth. In the other Pacifista, the launcher is installed on their palms as well. Kuma has his paw pads instead of the laser holes on his hands; it is this aspect, along with the bible that only he holds, even after losing his free will, that distinguishes him from the other Pacifista, and makes him superior to them.

## History

### Past

#### Early life

 File:Kuma with Bonney.png
When he was still young, Kuma was a slave to the World Nobles. One day he tried escaping but the other slaves caught him and told him to get back or else they would die as well. Kuma started crying and the slaves started beating him up with bats. Kuma then told them that even if he went back he would die anyway. He kept getting bashed and started begging for help, but no one came.

Not much is known about Kuma's past in great detail. What is known is that he was once the king of the Sorbet Kingdom until he was deposed by his people for his tyrannical means, according to Jinbe. Because of this, he became known as "Tyrant" Kuma, starting a career in piracy and becoming a member of the revolutionary army at some point.

About 22 years before the current story, Kuma fathered a daughter, Jewelry Bonney, whom he had a very close relationship with. According to Bonney herself and other members of the revolutionaries, Kuma was not a tyrant at all and was in fact targeted by the World Government for standing up against them during his tenure as a king.

#### Revolutionary Army

 File:Revolutionary Army.png
22 years before the current storyline and months after the Ohara Incident, Kuma joined forces with Monkey D. Dragon and Emporio Ivankov, leading to the establishment of the Revolutionary Army. During this time, he learned of Dragon's son, Monkey D. Luffy.

Twelve years before the current storyline, Kuma was part of an operation with Monkey D. Dragon and Emporio Ivankov. He witnessed the immolation of the Gray Terminal, assisting the survivors on board the Revolutionaries' ship.

#### Seven Warlords and the Pacifista Project

Kuma was at one point captured by the Marines and then sentenced to life imprisonment for his association with the revolutionaries. However, the Marines' head researcher, Dr. Vegapunk, took an interest in Kuma's special physique and convinced the World Government to pardon the revolutionary's crimes in exchange for him becoming the genius scientist's test subject, a deal that Kuma seemingly accepted despite his hatred of the World Government.

 File:Bartholomew Kuma Undergoing Pacifista Modifications.png
Kuma later became a Warlord of the Sea as part of the agreement he had with the World Government, having allowed Dr. Vegapunk to clone and modify him into a cyborg weapon, a Pacifista. During one experiment, Kuma repulsed his own memories at Vegapunk's request, although he did so with much reluctance. Said repulsed memories were then kept confined within a high-security room in Vegapunk's laboratory.

Kuma's modification into a cyborg was a slow process, with each of his body parts being modified one by one, and his head being preserved for last. By the time of the Summit War of Marineford, the process was complete.

### Sky Island Saga

#### Jaya Arc

In Mary Geoise, Kuma, alongside Donquixote Doflamingo and later on Dracule Mihawk, attended the government summit following Crocodile's defeat in Arabasta. He only spoke briefly. Just then, they were interrupted by Laffitte, a former policeman who was renowned for his violent ways and exiled from West Blue. Kuma listened as Laffitte stated that he wished to put forward his captain's name for the nomination of Warlord of the Sea.

### Thriller Bark Saga

#### Thriller Bark Arc

 File:Perona Encounters Kuma.png
With orders from the World Government to notify Gecko Moria of Crocodile's replacement, Kuma came to Thriller Bark. Arriving there, he asked some of Perona's zombie minions, who were loading treasure onto the Thousand Sunny, where their master would be. However, he was met with some resistance and was forced to deal with them. His actions were not unnoticed as the zombies reported his actions to Perona. She recognized Kuma and shook in fear at the sight of him.

Despite Kuma's reputation, however, Perona got annoyed with him and attempted to engage the Warlord for his shadow. After asking her where she would like to go and removing a glove, he made her vanish by sending her flying to Kuraigana Island. The zombies seeing this tried to attack him but were frightened off by his mere presence. Kuma then spotted Nami and asked her if Luffy had an older brother. After receiving her answer, he then teleported away and continued his search for Moria.

 File:Kuma and Moria Meet.png
Kuma then found Moria in the dance hall in the Mast Mansion of Thriller Bark. After some formalities, he told Moria of Crocodile's replacement, Blackbeard. Though the gap in the Seven Warlords ranks had been filled up, he told Moria that he felt somewhat uneasy of the situation. Kuma then told Moria that since the Straw Hat Pirates were most likely to head toward Moria's vicinity, he should do something about them. He explained this to Moria since the World Government had grown greatly alert of the pirates since the assault on Enies Lobby. When Kuma told Moria that the World Government was afraid that the latter would be defeated, Moria became enraged. Though he was not given a specific order, Kuma offered to help Moria in dealing with the Straw Hats. Moria angrily declined Kuma's help and told him to instead sit back and watch as he himself defeated the Straw Hats. However, despite Moria's boasting, Kuma witnessed Moria get defeated by Luffy.

 File:Kuma Destroys Thriller Bark.png
After the battle, Kuma then reported this to the World Government. Fearful that the rumors of Moria's defeat would cause another global uproar like with Crocodile, they ordered Kuma to kill all witnesses on Thriller Bark, including the Straw Hats. Accepting the order, he launched an attack on some of the members of the Thriller Bark Victim's Association before shifting his attention to Zoro. Kuma dueled Zoro and used his Devil Fruit ability to take down Franky, and Sanji got hurt attacking him. Knowing how unfair it was to eliminate them after they fought Moria, he created a bomb from a ball of air. He then gave them an ultimatum: let him take Luffy, and he would let them live. When they refused his offer, Kuma launched and set off the bomb, engulfing a portion of the island (in the anime, the entire island was affected).

 File:Kuma Shows Zoro Mercy.png
Though this did not succeed in killing the Straw Hats, it knocked all of them out. Just when he was about to take an unconscious Luffy, Zoro, in a desperate move, struck him with *Shishi Sonson* in an effort to stop him. However, he was only able to damage him. The wound on Kuma's shoulder revealed that he is a Pacifista, an incomplete human weapon created by the World Government and Dr. Vegapunk. Zoro offered to trade his life for Luffy's. Kuma agreed and at that moment, Sanji decided to give his life up. Zoro promptly knocked him out, feeling it necessary to sacrifice his own life rather than Sanji's. Kuma stated that he would not harm Luffy, as his "honor would be at stake". In exchange for Zoro experiencing the pain Luffy endured throughout his fight against Moria, Kuma would leave. Kuma proceeded to extract Luffy's pain and directed it at Zoro, which almost killed him. Kuma then teleported to the entrance to the ship. Before leaving, Kuma mused about Dragon having a good son with a loyal crew.

Kuma traveled to Mary Geoise and reported to Sengoku and Monkey D. Garp about what transpired on Thriller Bark. The Fleet Admiral scolded the Warlord for letting the Straw Hats escape instead of eliminating them as ordered.

### Summit War Saga

#### Sabaody Archipelago Arc

Having exhausted themselves by defeating a Pacifista on the Sabaody Archipelago, the Straw Hats were immediately confronted by Kizaru and Sentomaru, as well as another Pacifista, PX-1. However, the battle was interrupted by the real Bartholomew Kuma, whom Zoro recognized as the genuine article. He was surprised to find Zoro still alive, who sardonically replied that it was due to Kuma's mercy. Seemingly impressed, Kuma made Zoro vanish to the same place that he sent Perona using the same move that he used on her at Thriller Bark.

 File:Kuma Attacking Pacifista.png
Sentomaru revealed that Kuma has the ability to make people fly through the sky to far away places and anyone that gets touched by Kuma's paws would fly through three days and three nights and the destination would only be known by Kuma. An outraged Sanji got ready to battle Kuma, while PX-1 tried to attack Usopp from behind, using a beam attack. Kuma then used his Devil Fruit ability to send PX-1 away, which enraged Sentomaru. As Sanji, Usopp, and Brook tried to escape, Kuma descended on them, prepared to attack. Brook sacrificed himself and made a joke as he disappeared. Sanji told Usopp to run and landed a kick on Kuma, only to be deflected into a pile of rubble. Usopp attempted to hold Kuma back, only to be sent away as well. An enraged Sanji ran towards Kuma but was also sent away as well. Kuma then approached Rayleigh and whispered to him quietly, revealing himself to be an officer of the Revolutionary Army, and he wished to help Luffy and his crew escape.

 File:Kuma and Rayleigh.png
Rayleigh questioned Kuma's motives, who responded by saying that he could choose whether to believe him or not. When Kizaru asked what Kuma said to Rayleigh, Kuma simply replied with that he would not answer Kizaru's questions. Luffy activated Gear 2 but Kuma teleported to where Franky and Nami were. Franky tried to attack Kuma by using "Strong Right" but had no effect. An enraged Luffy tried a "Jet Pistol", only to be blocked by Kuma's paws. Kuma descended on Franky and also sent him away using his Devil Fruit powers. He then approached Nami and sent her away as well.

 File:Kuma Defeats the Straw Hats.png
With only Robin and a Monster Chopper left, Luffy desperately lunged at Kuma. However, Kuma simply teleported again to Robin and Chopper. Luffy started begging Kuma to stop sending his friends away, but Kuma still sent Chopper away. Robin attempted to run, but she also gets sent away by Kuma. Luffy, filled with despair and rage, fell to the ground, angry and cried that he could not even save a single friend. Kuma simply responded by saying that he would not be seeing Luffy again and ultimately sent Luffy flying, making the loss of the crew complete.

Before returning to Marineford, he visited Rayleigh to tell him something and adding that he did not have much time left. This was the last-known action made freely by Kuma before Dr. Vegapunk completed the Pacifista modifications.

#### Amazon Lily Arc

Kuma answered the call for the Seven Warlords to battle the Whitebeard Pirates and was later shown dining with the other Warlords, except for Jinbe and Boa Hancock.

#### Marineford Arc

He then appeared at Marineford alongside Mihawk, Doflamingo, Moria, and Hancock, ready for the battle ahead. When Fleet Admiral Sengoku announced the truth about Ace's heritage, Kuma showed no response to the situation, calmly waiting for the Whitebeard Pirates to appear.

 File:Kuma Attacks Little Oars Jr.png
When Little Oars Jr. arrived and began leaving destruction in his wake, Kuma hit him with an Ursus Shock, an attack that badly wounded Little Oars Jr. and swept both Marines and pirates alike aside. Kuma took on a solemn appearance after seeing Luffy on the battlefield. Kuma went on the offensive and fired off a beam at Ivankov, who was furious at Kuma's actions. While Luffy recognized Kuma, he did not react to seeing Ivankov up close. Doflamingo chimed in after Ivankov attempted to talk to him, informing him Kuma was dead. When Sengoku revealed that Dragon is Luffy's father, Kuma was the only Warlord not to voice his thoughts.

Doflamingo spoke on Kuma's behalf, saying that while Ivankov and Luffy seemed to know Kuma, the man standing before them was not Kuma, as Vegapunk had finished his modifications on the former Bartholomew Kuma. Doflamingo then explained to Ivankov the process Kuma volunteered to undergo, as his body was converted into a "Pacifista", with bits and pieces of him being modified at a time. While Doflamingo admitted that he did not know what kind of deal Kuma and the World Government made, he went on to say that he had retained his personality a few days ago, but became a walking corpse with no human memory, following the World Government's every command: PX-0.

 File:Kuma vs. Newkamas at Marineford.png
Kuma then fired a laser blast from his mouth, sending Luffy and Ivankov flying aside. Kuma suddenly appeared in the middle of Ivankov's Newkama army and launched a pressure cannon through a line of Okamas. Refusing to take any more of Kuma's actions, Ivankov spun his head around with Face Spectrum to make a mirage of dozens of faces and launched Death Wink from all of them with Galaxy Wink. Ivankov then kicked Kuma and sent him flying, shouting that he would not let Kuma get away with hurting his followers.

Kuma later went to the plaza with the other Warlords when Sengoku began the final stages of his plan. After the arrival of Shanks, Kuma was seen standing down along with everyone else.

#### Post-War Arc

 File:Kuma Returns to Sabaody Archipelago After War.png
Kuma appeared again at the Sabaody Archipelago in front of the Rosy Life Riders, holding his trademark bible. Shakky was not afraid of him, stating that he was an ally. Kuma then joined them in protecting the Thousand Sunny. His reason to do so remains unclear, but Kuma had Vegapunk input a special mission into his body before losing his personality. The mission was to protect the ship, even if it costs him his life, until a Straw Hat member returns.

### During the Timeskip

One year after the separation of the Straw Hat crew, the Marines discovered and tried to destroy the Thousand Sunny, but Kuma, as well as Hatchan and Duval, fought against them. Kuma continued protecting the ship after Duval and Hatchan retired, having received many injuries in that battle.

### Fish-Man Island Saga

#### Fish-Man Island Arc

 File:Franky Returns to the Thousand Sunny.png
When Franky returned to the Thousand Sunny, he found Kuma heavily damaged near the ship. Upon seeing Franky, Kuma slowly walked away, having completed his mission.

### Whole Cake Island Saga

#### Levely Arc

Sometime later, Kuma became a slave-to-rent at Mary Geoise as punishment for aiding Luffy. Rosward rented him sometime prior to the Levely.

During the Levely, Rosward had rented Kuma again, so when he heard his son had been attacked, Rosward rode on Kuma through the Domain of the Gods and met Charlos at the Celestial Dragon Gate. The mindless Kuma obeyed without objection, even when Rosward repeatedly stabbed and struck him.

### Wano Country Saga

#### Wano Country Arc

During an attack on the Domain of the Gods, the revolutionaries Sabo, Lindbergh, Karasu, and Morley successfully rescued Kuma. Together, they escaped Mary Geoise after briefly clashing with Admirals Fujitora and Ryokugyu.

### Final Saga

#### Egghead Arc

 File:Kuma with Dragon.png
When the revolutionaries reached Momoiro Island, Dragon asked Kuma what he saw in Mary Geoise, to which Kuma complied, referring to Dragon as "Master".

Later, while the revolutionaries were in the middle of repairing him, Kuma stood up and began running, stumbling along the way and ignoring his allies' cries. Upon reaching the coast, Kuma used his Devil Fruit power to propel himself off the island. He slammed into the Red Line and fell down to Red Port. Marines were dispatched to apprehend him, while the citizens were ordered to evacuate. Despite the damage to his body, Kuma stood back up.

 He then tried to climb the Red Line, but was shot down by the Marine squads and fell down onto the Red Port again, where he then started defending himself against the Marine squads and once again climbed the Red Line again after defeating the Marines.

## Major Battles

* Bartholomew Kuma vs. Perona and Zombies
* Bartholomew Kuma vs. Straw Hat Pirates and Rolling Pirates
* Bartholomew Kuma vs. Roronoa Zoro
* Bartholomew Kuma vs. PX-1 vs. Straw Hat Pirates
* Seven Warlords of the Sea and the Marines vs. Whitebeard Pirates and their allies
	+ Bartholomew Kuma (as PX-0), Donquixote Doflamingo, and Gecko Moria vs. Little Oars Jr.
	+ Bartholomew Kuma (as PX-0) vs. Emporio Ivankov
* Bartholomew Kuma, Hatchan, and Rosy Life Riders vs. every attacker of the Thousand Sunny

## Early Concepts

 File:Early Kuma.png
In an interview about *Strong World*, Oda revealed that he originally intended the steering wheel in the head concept of Shiki to be used on Kuma. He turned down the idea and decided later to use it for Shiki.

According to an interview in One Piece Magazine Vol.2, Oda already intended for Kuma to separate the Straw Hats since his debut.

## Anime and Manga Differences

### Appearance

In the manga also, Kuma was intended to have a different color scheme than the one he is presented with in the anime. This unfortunately was because no full colored version of Kuma was present when the first episode of him appearing was made. The anime had Kuma with a black jacket while Oda's intentions were an orange one. The manga however later changed this color scheme to resemble that of the anime.

In the manga and *One Piece: Unlimited Cruise*, Kuma's paw pads are black, like a bear's. However, in the anime, the paw pads are pink, like a cat's (which may play off a concept in Robin's head of Kuma's Devil Fruit reminding her of a cat's pads).

### Jaya Arc

During the meeting in Mary Geoise in the manga, Kuma had a few lines, but in the anime, he had none.

### Post-War Arc

In the manga, during the flashback where Dragon saves the people of the Grey Terminal from a fire, Kuma's clothing underneath the common Revolutionary Army cloak was not shown. In the anime, it is revealed that Kuma had the same clothing then that he does now.

### Dressrosa Arc

During the flashback of Sabo's past, the anime shows Kuma being present in the training of Sabo where Kuma deflected Sabo after he tried to attack him.

## Translation and Dub Issues

* "Kuma” means "bear" in Japanese, which represents his character's animal theme.
* In the TV version of the FUNimation dub of the anime, when Kuma is introduced, the word "BIBLE" is edited out of the book he is carrying. In the uncut DVDs, the word "BIBLE" is retained.

## Merchandise

 File:One Piece POP Bartholomew Kuma.png
As a prominent character, he has appeared in the fan merchandise. Bartholomew Kuma has been featured with the Seven Warlords of the Sea in the series of One Piece Seven Warlords Cellphone Strap and twice in the One Piece Super Deformed Figures. Kuma has also been released in the P.O.P. Portrait of Pirates series. He was recently released in the One Piece DX Figure models. He was released in the One Piece World Collectable Figure series in July 2010 along with the rest of the Seven Warlords and will be re-released in the same figure series (new ones are exactly the same but for a change in the color pattern of Doflamingo).

### Video Games

#### Playable Appearances

* *One Piece: Unlimited Cruise*
* *One Piece: Gigant Battle*
* *One Piece: Gigant Battle! 2 New World*
* *One Piece: Pirate Warriors 2*
* *One Py Berry Match*
* *One Piece: Pirate Warriors 3*
* *One Piece: Burning Blood*
* *One Piece Treasure Cruise*
* *One Piece Bounty Rush*
* *One Piece Thousand Storm*
* *One Piece Bon! Bon! Journey!!*

#### Support Appearances

* *One Piece: Gear Spirit*
* *One Piece: Super Grand Battle! X*
* *One Piece: Dance Battle*
* *One Piece: Great Pirate Colosseum*

#### Non-Playable Appearances

* *One Piece: Grand Battle! 3*
* *One Piece: Grand Battle! Rush!*
* *One Piece: Pirates Carnival*
* *One Piece: Pirate Warriors*
* *One Piece: Pirate Warriors 4*

## Trivia

Kuma's first bible in the Digitally Colored Manga during the Jaya Arc.

The bible's cover in detail.

The back of the bible.

Kuma's bible in the Digitally Colored Manga.

The back of the bible in the Digitally Colored Manga.

The bible in the anime.

Kuma's bible in the Thriller Bark Arc.

* Kuma's bible's design had changed over its appearances and media.
	+ On the color spread and the digitally colored manga, the bible Kuma is carrying is gold-colored, with an orange title, and its back has the same pattern as Kuma's jacket. In the anime and games, the book is purple, and its back is not clearly seen.
	+ On its first appearance during the Jaya Arc, the cover had a yellow figure over orange rays of light. In the anime, the figure is white and floating with yellow rays of light over a bluish-green background.
	+ In the following chapter, the back was shown to be blank, and the cover was clearly seen with the figure being that of a woman and the background features a skyline.
	+ Starting with the end of the Thriller Bark Arc, the cover had a clearer image. In the colored version, the back cover is orange as the original coloring of Kuma's jacket. In the anime, this cover wasn't shown until the end of the Sabaody Archipelago Arc. However, the figure is white, and the background is yellow.
* His surname most likely comes from the historical pirate Bartholomew "Black Bart" Roberts.
	+ Kuma was revealed to have been effectively dead during the Summit War of Marineford, which concluded the Golden Age of Pirates and began the "New Age". Coincidentally, it was Bartholomew Roberts whose death ended the real world's "Great Pirate Age".
	+ Kuma may be named after Bartholomew the Apostle, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus.
* Kuma is the only known person to be affiliated with pirates, the Revolutionary Army, the World Government, and the Seven Warlords of the Sea.
* In the 5th fan poll, Kuma ranked 85th, making him the least popular of the Seven Warlords both current and previous.
* He is the first cyborg to appear in the series, though he was not revealed as one until the Thriller Bark Arc.
* In *One Piece: Pirate Warriors 3*, Kuma's Bible is referred as **Book of Bears** and appears as a rare coin. The Book of Bears coin can be obtained by getting Kuma's Crew Level to MAX (Level 5). It is one of the 4 rare coins needed to break Kuma's level limit.
* Kuma is one of the few cases in which his color scheme was displayed incorrectly in the anime and remained that way even after the official color scheme depicted by Oda was published. In fact, Oda replaced the original color scheme later with one similar in the anime.
* Kuma's depiction as a child has similarities with Ninomiya Sontoku, a famous philosopher of the 19th century. Many statues portray him holding a book while he walks with a heavy load on his back.
* Kuma's favorite foods are honey and salmon.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 25 Chapter 233 (p. 18-19) and Episode 151, Kuma is introduced.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 90 Chapter 908 (p. 6) and Episode 888, Kuma's infobox lists him as former revolutionary officer and former king.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 57 Chapters 559–560 and Episodes 468–469, Doflamingo explains to Ivankov the origins of Kuma's cyborg modifications and that they were completed a few days ago.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 49 Chapter 474 and Episode 369.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 SBS *One Piece* Manga — Vol. 58 (p. 100), Kuma's age and height are revealed.
6. ↑ *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 61 Chapter 598 (p. 1) and Episode 517, Two years pass in the storyline.
7. ↑ One Piece Blue Deep: Characters World (p. 132), Kuma's birthday is revealed.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Vivre Card - One Piece Visual Dictionary (Card #0267), Information about Kuma is revealed.
9. ↑ *One Piece* Manga — Vol. 90 Chapter 908 (p. 6), Bartholomew Kuma's name is romanized.
10. ↑ *One Piece* Manga — Vol. 105 Chapter 1062.
11. ↑ *One Piece* Manga — Vol. 105 Chapter 1064, Bonney mentions that Kuma belongs to a special race
12. ↑ *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 90 Chapter 908 and Episode 888.
13. ↑ *One Piece* Manga — Vol. 104 Chapter 1054.
14. ↑ *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 56 Chapter 550 (p. 8-9) and Episode 458, The current Warlords appear in Marineford, ready to battle.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 *One Piece 2007 Calendar* — Bartholomew Kuma's original intended colors by Oda.
16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 *One Piece* Manga — Vol. 49, Kuma's original color scheme featured on the cover of Volume 49 of the manga series.
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 *One Piece* Manga — Vol. 54 Chapter 532, Kuma's new color scheme.
18. ↑ *One Piece* Manga — Vol. 90, Kuma's hair is black rather than brown.
19. ↑ SBS *One Piece* Manga — Vol. 63 (p. 80), Kuma drawn as a child.
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 50 Chapter 485 and Episode 377, Kuma reveals he is an incomplete cyborg and tests Zoro's resolve.
21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 52–53 Chapters 512–513 and Episodes 404–405, Kuma teleports all members of the Straw Hat pirates from the Sabaody Archipelago.
22. ↑ *One Piece* Manga — Vol. 105 Chapter 1063 (p. 7), Bonney's fond memories of her childhood with her father.
23. ↑ chap-1064
24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 53 Chapter 513 and Episode 405.
25. ↑ *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 57 Chapter 558 and Episode 467.
26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 57 Chapter 558 (p. 14-15) and Episode 467, Kuma makes no reply to Sengoku when revealing to the world that Luffy is both Ace's adopted brother and Dragon's son.
27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 52 Chapter 512 and Episode 404.
28. ↑ *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 49 Chapter 473 (p. 13) and Episode 368.
29. ↑ *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 50 Chapter 484 (p. 11) and Episode 376.
30. ↑ *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 57 Chapter 560 (p. 8-10) and Episode 469.
31. ↑ *One Piece* Manga — Chapter 1074 (p. 12-13), Bonney witnesses part of Kuma's memories.
32. ↑ *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 90 Chapter 908 and Episode 888.
33. ↑ *One Piece* Manga — Vol. 105 Chapter 1064 (p. 7), Jinbe speaks what he knows about Kuma.
34. ↑ *One Piece* Manga — Vol. 105 Chapter 1062 (p. 7).
35. ↑ *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 60 Chapter 587 (p. 14-15) and Episode 502, Revolutionaries help survivors of the Gray Terminal.
36. ↑ *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 25 Chapter 234 (p. 3-9, 16) and Episode 151.
37. ↑ *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 49 Chapter 472 and Episode 368, Kuma arrives on Thriller Bark.
38. ↑ *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 49 Chapter 473 and Episode 368, Kuma makes Perona vanish.
39. ↑ *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 50 Chapter 483 and Episode 375, Kuma is ordered to kill everyone to prevent rumors of Moria's defeat on Thriller Bark from spreading.
40. ↑ *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 50 Chapter 484 and Episode 376, Kuma blows up Thriller Bark when the Straw Hats turn down his deal.
41. ↑ *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 50 Chapter 490 (p. 7) and Episode 385.
42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 60 Chapter 591 and Episode 507, Rayleigh reveals Kuma's motives.
43. ↑ *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 54 Chapter 524 (p. 18-19) and Episode 421, Mihawk is dining with his fellow Warlords.
44. ↑ *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 56 Chapter 550 (p. 8-9) and Episode 459.
45. ↑ *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 56 Chapter 551 (p. 4) and Episode 459.
46. ↑ *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 57 Chapter 557 (p. 11) and Episode 466.
47. ↑ *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 57 Chapter 558 (p. 5-6) and Episode 467.
48. ↑ *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 59 Chapter 580 (p. 13) and Episode 489, Kuma remains silent and allegedly complies with Shanks' demand to end the war.
49. ↑ SBS *One Piece* Manga — Vol. 59.
50. ↑ *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 60 Chapter 593 (p. 14-15) and Episode 512.
51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 61 Chapter 603 (p. 13-17) and Episode 523.
52. ↑ *One Piece* Manga and Anime — Vol. 90 Chapter 908 (p. 5-7) and Episode 888.
53. ↑ *One Piece* Manga — Vol. 104 Chapter 1054 (p. 16).
54. ↑ *One Piece* Manga — Vol. 105 Chapter 1058 (p. 17).
55. ↑ *One Piece* Manga — Chapter 1067 (p. 14-15).
56. ↑ *One Piece* Manga — Chapter 1068 (p. 5).
57. ↑ *One Piece* Manga — Chapter 1071 (p. 3-5).
58. ↑ *One Piece* Manga — Chapter 1072.
59. ↑ One Piece Green: Secret Pieces (p. 354), Oda tells where who he originally wanted to have the steering wheel in head concept.

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