recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Cape Verde

**Cape Verde** (/ˈvɜːrd(i)/ ⓘ, *VURD* or *VUR-dee*) or **Cabo Verde** (/ˌkɑːboʊ ˈvɜːrdeɪ/ ⓘ, /ˌkæb-/ *KA(H)B-oh VUR-day*; Portuguese: [ˈkaβu ˈveɾðɨ]), officially the **Republic of Cabo Verde**, is an archipelago and island country in the central Atlantic Ocean, consisting of ten volcanic islands with a combined land area of about 4,033 square kilometres (1,557 sq mi). These islands lie between 600 and 850 kilometres (320 and 460 nautical miles) west of Cap-Vert, the westernmost point of continental Africa. The Cape Verde islands form part of the Macaronesia ecoregion, along with the Azores, the Canary Islands, Madeira, and the Savage Isles.

The Cape Verde archipelago was uninhabited until the 15th century, when Portuguese explorers discovered and colonized the islands, thus establishing the first European settlement in the tropics. Because the Cape Verde islands were conveniently located to play a role in the Atlantic slave trade, Cape Verde became economically prosperous during the 16th and 17th centuries, attracting merchants, privateers, and pirates. It declined economically in the 19th century after the suppression of the Atlantic slave trade, and many of its inhabitants emigrated during that period. However, Cape Verde gradually recovered economically by becoming an important commercial center and useful stopover point along major shipping routes. Cape Verde became independent in 1975.

Since the early 1990s, Cape Verde has been a stable representative democracy and has remained one of the most developed and democratic countries in Africa. Lacking natural resources, its developing economy is mostly service-oriented, with a growing focus on tourism and foreign investment. Its population of around 483,628 (as of the 2021 Census) is of mostly African and a minor European heritage, and predominantly Roman Catholic, reflecting the legacy of Portuguese rule. A sizeable Cape Verdean diaspora community exists across the world, especially in the United States and Portugal, considerably outnumbering the inhabitants on the islands. Cape Verde is a member state of the African Union.

Cape Verde's official language is Portuguese. It is the language of instruction and government. It is also used in newspapers, television, and radio. The recognized national language is Cape Verdean Creole, which is spoken by the vast majority of the population.

As of the 2021 census the most populated islands were Santiago, where the capital Praia is located (269,370), São Vicente (74,016), Santo Antão (36,632), Fogo (33,519) and Sal (33,347). The largest cities are Praia (137,868), Mindelo (69,013), Espargos (24,500) and Assomada (21,297).
Caucasian Albanian

* Caucasian Albanian language
* Caucasian Albanian script

Disambiguation page for Caucasian AlbanianThe following is a list of links to pages that might share the same title.Please follow one of the disambiguation links below or search to find the page you were looking for if it is not listed. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
Care Bears

**Care Bears** are multi-colored bears, originally painted in 1981 by artist Elena Kucharik to be used on greeting cards from American Greetings. They were turned into plush teddy bears and featured in *The Care Bears in the Land Without Feelings* (1983) and *The Care Bears Battle the Freeze Machine* (1984) before headlining their own television series called *Care Bears* from 1985 to 1988. They also made multiple more feature films including: *The Care Bears Movie* (1985), *Care Bears Movie II: A New Generation* (1986), and *The Care Bears Adventure in Wonderland* (1987).

Each Care Bear is a different colour or shade and has a unique image on its stomach (referred to in various media as a "belly badge" or "tummy symbol") that represents its personality. In addition to the Care Bear family are the "Care Bear Cousins", which feature Brave Heart Lion, Cozy Heart Penguin, Bright Heart Raccoon, Lotsa Heart Elephant, Gentle Heart Lamb, Loyal Heart Dog, Playful Heart Monkey, Proud Heart Cat, Swift Heart Rabbit, Treat Heart Pig and Noble Heart Horse created in the same style as the Care Bears.

In 2002, new plush versions of the bears were manufactured by Play Along Toys. This new artistic style featured in three computer animated films: *Care Bears: Journey to Joke-a-lot* (2004), *The Care Bears' Big Wish Movie* (2005), and *Care Bears: Oopsy Does It!* (2007).

A revival TV series, *Care Bears: Welcome to Care-a-Lot,* premiered on The Hub on June 2, 2012 for one season. A continuation with the same characters, *Care Bears and Cousins*, was commissioned by Netflix and premiered in 2015. That year, toy company Just Play debuted a range of Care Bears toys (plush, figurines, and blind bag collectibles) based on the series.

The current TV series, *Care Bears: Unlock the Magic*, debuted on Boomerang SVOD on February 1, 2019, and has since tied in with a new toy line from Basic Fun!.
Cinnabar

**Cinnabar**, or **cinnabarite**, is the bright scarlet to brick-red form of mercury(II) sulfide (HgS). It is the most common source ore for refining elemental mercury and is the historic source for the brilliant red or scarlet pigment termed vermilion and associated red mercury pigments.

Cinnabar generally occurs as a vein-filling mineral associated with recent volcanic activity and alkaline hot springs. The mineral resembles quartz in symmetry and it exhibits birefringence. Cinnabar has a mean refractive index near 3.2, a hardness between 2.0 and 2.5, and a specific gravity of approximately 8.1. The color and properties derive from a structure that is a hexagonal crystalline lattice belonging to the trigonal crystal system, crystals that sometimes exhibit twinning.

Cinnabar has been used for its color since antiquity in the Near East, including as a rouge-type cosmetic, in the New World since the Olmec culture, and in China since as early as the Yangshao culture, where it was used in coloring stoneware.

Associated modern precautions for the use and handling of cinnabar arise from the toxicity of the mercury component, which was recognized as early as ancient Rome.
Classical Latin language

**Classical Latin** is the form of Literary Latin recognized as a literary standard by writers of the late Roman Republic and early Roman Empire. It was used from 75 BC to the 3rd century AD, when it developed into Late Latin. In some later periods, it was regarded as good or proper Latin, with following versions viewed as debased, degenerate, or corrupted. The word *Latin* is now understood by default to mean "Classical Latin"; for example, modern Latin textbooks almost exclusively teach Classical Latin.
Castle in the Sky

***Laputa: Castle in the Sky*** (Japanese: 天空の城ラピュタ, Hepburn: *Tenkū no Shiro Rapyuta*), released as ***Castle in the Sky*** in North America, is a 1986 Japanese animated fantasy adventure film written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki. It was produced by Isao Takahata, animated by Studio Ghibli, and distributed by the Toei Company. In voice acting roles, the original Japanese version stars Mayumi Tanaka, Keiko Yokozawa, Kotoe Hatsui, and Minori Terada, while the 2003 English dub stars James Van Der Beek, Anna Paquin, Cloris Leachman, and Mark Hamill. The film follows orphans Sheeta and Pazu, who are chased by Muska, the army, and a group of pirates over Sheeta's crystal necklace. They discover that the crystal leads them to Laputa, a mythical castle flying in the sky, and join the pirates on their journey to reach the island before the military. Laputa turns out to harbor a dangerous weapons system, which Sheeta and Pazu destroy to halt Muska's destruction, causing Laputa to rise into space.

*Laputa* is the first film to be animated by Studio Ghibli, with a production team comprising many of Miyazaki's longtime collaborators, who would continue to work with the studio for the following three decades. The studio's intent was to create original feature films without any compromise of quality. The film was partly inspired by Miyazaki's trips to Wales, where he witnessed the aftermath of the 1984 coal miners' strike. The island of Laputa is used to highlight the theme of environmentalism, exploring the relationships between humanity, nature, and technology, a reflection of Miyazaki's ecological philosophy. The young protagonists also provide a unique perspective on the narrative, as a result of Miyazaki's desire to portray "the honesty and goodness of children in [his] work." Many aspects of the film's retrofuturistic style – the flying machines in particular – are influenced by nineteenth-century approaches, which has earned the film a reputation in the modern steampunk genre.

The film released in Japanese theaters on August 2, 1986. It performed below expectations at the box office, but later achieved commercial success through rereleases, earning over US$157 million as of 2021. An English dub commissioned by Tokuma Shoten in 1988 was distributed in North America by Streamline Pictures, and another dub was produced by Disney in 1998, released internationally by Buena Vista in 2003. The film's score was composed by Joe Hisaishi, who would become a close collaborator of Miyazaki's; Hisaishi also composed a reworked soundtrack for the 2003 English dub. The film was generally acclaimed by critics, though the 2003 English dub received mixed reviews. It was well-received by audiences, being voted as one of the greatest animated films of all time in later years. The film also received several notable accolades. *Laputa* has since earned "cult status", and has influenced several notable artists working in multiple media.
Clarendon

**Clarendon** is the name of a slab serif typeface that was released in 1845 by Thorowgood and Co. (or Thorowgood and Besley) of London, a letter foundry often known as the Fann Street Foundry. The original Clarendon design is credited to Robert Besley, a partner in the foundry, and was originally engraved by punchcutter Benjamin Fox, who may also have contributed to its design. Many copies, adaptations and revivals have been released, becoming almost an entire genre of type design.

Clarendon has a bold, solid structure, similar in letter structure to the "modern" serif typefaces popular in the nineteenth century for body text (for instance showing an 'R' with a curled leg, and ball terminals on the 'a' and 'c'), but bolder and with less contrast in stroke weight. Clarendon designs generally have a structure with bracketed serifs, which become larger as they reach the main stroke of the letter. Mitja Miklavčič describes the basic features of Clarendon designs (and ones labelled Ionic, often quite similar) as: "plain and sturdy nature, strong bracketed serifs, vertical stress, large x-height, short ascenders and descenders, typeface with little contrast" and supports Nicolete Gray's description of them as a "cross between the roman [general-purpose body text type] and slab serif model". Gray notes that nineteenth-century Ionic and Clarendon faces have "a definite differentiation between the thick and the thin strokes", unlike some other more geometric slab-serifs.

Slab serif typefaces had become popular in British lettering and printing over the previous thirty-five years before the original Clarendon's release, both for display use on signage, architectural lettering and posters and for emphasis within a block of text. The Clarendon design was immediately very popular and was rapidly copied by other foundries to become in effect an entire genre of type design. Clarendon fonts proved extremely popular in many parts of the world, in particular for display applications such as posters printed with wood type. They are therefore commonly associated with wanted posters and the American Old West. A revival of interest took place in the post-war period: Jonathan Hoefler comments that "some of the best and most significant Clarendons are twentieth century designs" and highlights the Haas and Stempel foundry's bold, wide Clarendon display face as "a classic that for many people is the epitome of the Clarendon style."
Click consonant

**Click consonants**, or **clicks**, are speech sounds that occur as consonants in many languages of Southern Africa and in three languages of East Africa. Examples familiar to English-speakers are the *tut-tut* (British spelling) or *tsk! tsk!* (American spelling) used to express disapproval or pity, the *tchick!* used to spur on a horse, and the *clip-clop!* sound children make with their tongue to imitate a horse trotting.

Anatomically, clicks are obstruents articulated with two closures (points of contact) in the mouth, one forward and one at the back. The enclosed pocket of air is rarefied by a sucking action of the tongue (in technical terminology, clicks have a lingual ingressive airstream mechanism). The forward closure is then released, producing what may be the loudest consonants in the language, although in some languages such as Hadza and Sandawe, clicks can be more subtle and may even be mistaken for ejectives.
Ceiling fan

A **ceiling fan** is a fan mounted on the ceiling of a room or space, usually electrically powered, that uses hub-mounted rotating blades to circulate air. They cool people effectively by increasing air speed. Fans do not reduce air temperature or relative humidity, unlike air-conditioning equipment but create a cooling effect by helping to evaporate sweat and increase heat exchange via convection. Fans add a small amount of heat to the room mainly due to waste heat from the motor, and partially due to friction. Fans use significantly less power than air conditioning as cooling air is thermodynamically expensive. In the winter, fans move warmer air, which naturally rises, back down to occupants. This can affect both thermostat readings and occupants' comfort, thereby improving the energy efficiency of climate control. Many ceiling fan units also double as light fixtures, eliminating the need for separate overhead lights in a room.
Cavineña language

**Cavineña** is an indigenous language spoken on the Amazonian plains of northern Bolivia by over 1,000 Cavineño people. Although Cavineña is still spoken (and still learned by some children), it is an endangered language. Guillaume (2004) states that about 1200 people speak the language, out of a population of around 1700. Nearly all Cavineña are bilingual in Spanish.

The Cavineño people live in several communities near the Beni River, which flows north from the Andes. The nearest towns are Reyes (to the south) and Riberalta (to the north).

## Phonology

Cavineña has the following consonants (Guillaume 2004:27). Where the practical orthography is different from IPA, it is shown between angled brackets:

It has the following vowels

Examples in the morphology and syntax sections are written in the practical orthography.
Cats Don't Dance

***Cats Don't Dance*** is a 1997 American animated musical comedy film directed by Mark Dindal (in his feature directorial debut). The film features the voices of Scott Bakula, Jasmine Guy, Matthew Herried, Ashley Peldon, John Rhys-Davies, Kathy Najimy, Don Knotts, Hal Holbrook, Betty Lou Gerson (in her final film role), René Auberjonois, Mark Dindal, and George Kennedy.

The film's musical numbers were written by Randy Newman and includes the contributions of Gene Kelly as choreographer, before his death in 1996. The film was Kelly's final film project and is dedicated to his memory. It is the only fully animated feature produced by Turner Feature Animation, which was merged during the post-production of *Cats Don't Dance* into Warner Bros. Feature Animation after the merger of Time Warner with Turner Broadcasting System in 1996.

*Cats Don't Dance* was released in the United States on March 26, 1997, by Warner Bros. Pictures under its Warner Bros. Family Entertainment label. It was a box-office bomb, grossing $3.5 million domestically due to lack of promotion. Despite this, the film received generally positive reviews from critics, with praise for its animation, humor, characters, voice performances, and musical numbers, and over the years gained a cult following.
Clarinet

The **clarinet** is a single-reed musical instrument in the woodwind family, with a nearly cylindrical bore and a flared bell.

Clarinets comprise a family of instruments of differing sizes and pitches. The clarinet family is the largest woodwind family, ranging from the BB♭ contrabass to the E♭ soprano. The B♭ soprano clarinet is the most common type, and is the instrument usually indicated by the word "clarinet".

German instrument maker Johann Christoph Denner is generally credited with inventing the clarinet sometime after 1698 by adding a register key to the chalumeau, an earlier single-reed instrument. Over time, additional keywork and airtight pads were added to improve the tone and playability. Today the clarinet is a standard fixture of the orchestra and concert band and is used in classical music, military bands, klezmer, jazz, and other styles.
CatDog

***CatDog*** is an American animated television series created by Peter Hannan for Nickelodeon. The series follows the life of orange-yellow conjoined brothers of different species, with one half of the resultant animal being a cat and the other a dog. Nickelodeon produced the series from Burbank, California. The first episode aired on April 4, 1998, following the *1998 Kids' Choice Awards*, before the show officially premiered in October of that year. Similarly, the Season 2 episode "Fetch" was shown in theaters in 1998 before airing on television.

The series ended on June 15, 2005, after a total of four seasons and 66 aired episodes over seven years, plus two produced episodes never aired. It was produced by Nickelodeon Animation Studio and Peter Hannan Productions, and was released on DVD in Region 1 by Shout! Factory.

Two animation studios, Saerom Animation and Rough Draft Studios through Rough Draft Korea, worked on the animation for the show.
Centimillillion

**Centimillillion** (also called **decimyrillion** or **cenmillillion** or **decamyrillion** or **centomillillion**) is equal to \(10^{300,003}\) in short scale. It is equal to \(10^{600,000}\) in long scale. The number was yet coined by Sbiis Saibian.

## References

1. ↑ http://verylargenumbers.blogspot.de/2010\_01\_01\_archive.html
2. ↑ https://sites.google.com/site/largenumbers/home/2-4/2-4-8-bowers-illions
Chilia-eptaxis

The **chilia-eptaxis** (also called **goggolchime**) is equal to E1#1#1#1#1#1,000 using Hyper-E notation. The term was coined by Sbiis Saibian. This number is equal to \(10 ↑^{6} 1,000\) or 10 octated to 1,000 using arrow notation.

## Approximations

 Hyperfactorial array notation
 Nested Factorial Notation
 Slow-growing hierarchy | \(g\_{\varphi(5,0)}(1,000)\)

## References

1. ↑ Sbiis Saibian, Hyper-E Numbers - Large Numbers
Cheese Nips

**Cheese Nips** (originally stylized as "**Cheese-Nips**") were a small cheese-flavored cracker manufactured by Mondelez International under its brand, Nabisco, they were originally used to compete against Sunshine Biscuit's (now Kellogg's) Cheez-It crackers.

Portion-controlled packages of Cheese Nips were also sold under the name Cheese Nips Thin Crisps 100 Calorie Packs (Thinsations in Canada).
Charlotte, North Carolina

**Charlotte** is the most populous city in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Located in the Piedmont region, it is the county seat of Mecklenburg County. The population was 874,579 at the 2020 census, making Charlotte the 15th-most populous city in the United States, the seventh-most populous city in the South, and the second-most populous city in the Southeast behind Jacksonville, Florida. The city is the cultural, economic, and transportation center of the Charlotte metropolitan area, whose 2020 population of 2,660,329 ranked 22nd in the United States. Metrolina is part of a sixteen-county market region or combined statistical area with a 2020 population of 2,822,352.
Chicago (disambiguation)

* Chicago
* Chicago (typeface)

Disambiguation page for Chicago (disambiguation)The following is a list of links to pages that might share the same title.Please follow one of the disambiguation links below or search to find the page you were looking for if it is not listed. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
Chichimeca Jonaz language

**Chichimeca** or **Chichimeca Jonaz** is an indigenous language of Mexico spoken by around 200 Chichimeca Jonaz people in Misión de Chichimecas near San Luis de la Paz in the state of Guanajuato. The Chichimeca Jonaz language belongs to the Oto-Pamean branch of the Oto-Manguean language family. The Chichimecos self identify as *úza* and call their language *eza'r*.

## Phonology

Chichimeca Jonaz is a tonal language and distinguishes high and low level tones.

Vowels

* In addition, Chichimeca Jonaz has nasal counterparts of these vowels, which are /ĩ ỹ ũ ẽ õ æ̃ ã/.

Sounds /β, ɾ/ are heard as voiced stops [b, d] when after a nasal consonant.

## References

1. ↑ Suaréz 1983 p. 51
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lastra 1984 p. 23
3. ↑ Lizárraga Navarro (2018)
Carl's Jr.

**Carl's Jr. Restaurants LLC** is an American fast food restaurant chain operated by CKE Restaurant Holdings, Inc., with franchisees in North & South America, Asia, Oceania, Europe and Africa.

In 2016, *Entrepreneur* listed Carl's Jr. as No. 54 on their Top Franchise 500 list, which ranks the overall financial strength, stability, and growth rate for the top 500 franchises in any field across the United States.

As of March 2016, CKE (the parent company of Carl's Jr. and Hardee's) has a total of 3,664 franchised or company-operated restaurants in 44 states and 38 foreign countries and U.S. territories.
Circumflex

The **circumflex** (◌̂) is a diacritic in the Latin and Greek scripts that is also used in the written forms of many languages and in various romanization and transcription schemes. It received its English name from Latin: *circumflexus* "bent around"—a translation of the Greek: περισπωμένη (*perispōménē*).

The circumflex in the Latin script is chevron-shaped (◌̂), while the Greek circumflex may be displayed either like a tilde (◌̃) or like an inverted breve (◌̑). For the most commonly encountered uses of the accent in the Latin alphabet, precomposed characters are available.

In English, the circumflex, like other diacritics, is sometimes retained on loanwords that used it in the original language (for example, *crème brûlée*). In mathematics and statistics, the circumflex diacritic is sometimes used to denote a function and is called a *hat operator*.

A free-standing version of the circumflex symbol, ^, is encoded in ASCII and Unicode and has become known as *caret* and has acquired special uses, particularly in computing and mathematics. The original caret, ‸, is used in proofreading to indicate insertion.
Chevrolet

**Chevrolet** (/ˌʃɛvrəˈleɪ/ *SHEV-rə-LAY*) (colloquially referred to as **Chevy** and formally the *Chevrolet Motor Division of General Motors Company*) is an American automobile division of the American manufacturer General Motors (GM). Louis Chevrolet (1878–1941), Arthur Chevrolet (1884–1946) and ousted General Motors founder William C. Durant (1861–1947) started the company on November 3, 1911 as the Chevrolet Motor Car Company. Durant used the Chevrolet Motor Car Company to acquire a controlling stake in General Motors with a reverse merger occurring on May 2, 1918, and propelled himself back to the GM presidency. After Durant's second ousting in 1919, Alfred Sloan, with his maxim "a car for every purse and purpose", would pick the Chevrolet brand to become the volume leader in the General Motors family, selling mainstream vehicles to compete with Henry Ford's Model T in 1919 and overtaking Ford as the best-selling car in the United States by 1929 with the Chevrolet International.

Chevrolet-branded vehicles are sold in most automotive markets worldwide. In Oceania, Chevrolet was represented by Holden Special Vehicles, having returned to the region in 2018 after a 50-year absence with the launching of the Camaro and Silverado pickup truck (HSV was partially and formerly owned by GM subsidiary Holden, which GM retired in 2021). In 2021, General Motors Specialty Vehicles took over the distribution and sales of Chevrolet vehicles in Oceania, starting with the Silverado. In 2005, Chevrolet was relaunched in Europe, primarily selling vehicles built by GM Daewoo of South Korea with the tagline "Daewoo has grown up enough to become Chevrolet", a move rooted in General Motors' attempt to build a global brand around Chevrolet. With the reintroduction of Chevrolet to Europe, GM intended Chevrolet to be a mainstream value brand, while GM's traditional European standard-bearers, Opel of Germany and Vauxhall of the United Kingdom, would be moved upmarket. However, GM reversed this move in late 2013, announcing that the brand would be withdrawn from Europe from 2016 onward, with the exception of the Camaro and Corvette. Chevrolet vehicles were to continue to be marketed in the CIS states, including Russia. After General Motors fully acquired GM Daewoo in 2011 to create GM Korea, the last usage of the Daewoo automotive brand was discontinued in its native South Korea and succeeded by Chevrolet.

In North America, Chevrolet produces and sells a wide range of vehicles, from subcompact automobiles to medium-duty commercial trucks. Due to the prominence and name recognition of Chevrolet as one of General Motors' global marques, 'Chevrolet', 'Chevy' or 'Chev' is used at times as a synonym for General Motors or its products, one example being the GM LS1 engine, commonly known by the name or a variant thereof of its progenitor, the Chevrolet small-block engine.
Carbon group

The **carbon group** is a periodic table group consisting of carbon (C), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), and flerovium (Fl). It lies within the p-block.

In modern IUPAC notation, it is called **group 14**. In the field of semiconductor physics, it is still universally called **group IV**. The group is also known as the **tetrels** (from the Greek word *tetra*, which means four), stemming from the Roman numeral IV in the group names, or (not coincidentally) from the fact that these elements have four valence electrons (see below). They are also known as the **crystallogens** or **adamantogens**.
Centillion

A **centillion** is equal to 10303 in the short scale, or 10600 in the long scale. It is also equal to googolty3. It is the largest -illion with a name that is officially considered part of the English language - the only larger number with a recognized English name is the googolplex. It is 304 digits long in the short scale, or 601 digits long in the long scale. In the long scale, 10303 is called **quinquagintilliard.**

The name is derived from the French word "cent", meaning one hundred and the -illion suffix (103x+3).

The short scale version of this number is exactly equal to one thousand times (reasonably close by googological standards) googol3 and the long scale version is exactly equal to googol6.
Carib language

**Carib** or **Kari'nja** is a Cariban language spoken by the Kalina people (Caribs) of South America. It is spoken by around 7,400 mostly in Brazil, The Guianas, and Venezuela. The language is currently classified as highly endangered.

## Alphabet

The Carib alphabet consists of 15 letters:

a, e, i, j, k, `, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, u, w, y.

## Phonology

In the Kari'nja language, there are four syllable patterns: V, CV, VC, CVC; C standing for consonants while V means a vowel. Regarding phonemes, consonants are divided into two groups: obstruents (voiceless stops—p, t, k) and resonants (voiced stops—b, d, g, s).

Kari'nja has a typical 6 vowel system after \*ô merged with \*o, being *a e i o u ï.* Compared to past Kari'nja, the modern day Kari'nja has replaced the *e* in many words to *o*.

Vowels

Allophones for /r w t/ include sounds as [ɽ β,v tʃ]. /s/ before /i/ may be pronounced as [ʃ]. /n/ before a consonant may be pronounced as [ŋ] and also [ɲ] elsewhere. Another sound, ranging [h~x], often occurs before a voiced or voiceless consonant, and succeeding a vowel, it can also be an allophone of /ʔ/.
Cinnamon Toast Crunch

**Cinnamon Toast Crunch** (CTC), known as **Croque-Cannelle** in French Canada and **Curiously Cinnamon** in the UK (previously **Cinnamon Grahams**), and as a variant called **Cini Minis** in other European and Latin American countries, is a brand of breakfast cereal produced by General Mills and Nestlé. First produced in 1984, the cereal aims to provide the taste of cinnamon toast in a crunch cereal format. The cereal consists of small squares or rectangles of wheat and rice covered with cinnamon and sugar. The cereal is puffed and when immersed in milk, it makes a "snap" noise, similar to Rice Krispies. In most European countries and North America, the product is sold in boxes. In Poland and Russia the cereal is sold in bags. The product was originally marketed outside Europe with the mascot of a jolly baker named Wendell. Wendell was replaced as a mascot by the "Crazy Squares", sentient Cinnamon Toast Crunch squares that often eat each other in commercials.
Carpentry

**Carpentry** is a skilled trade and a craft in which the primary work performed is the cutting, shaping and installation of building materials during the construction of buildings, ships, timber bridges, concrete formwork, etc. Carpenters traditionally worked with natural wood and did rougher work such as framing, but today many other materials are also used and sometimes the finer trades of cabinetmaking and furniture building are considered carpentry. In the United States, 98.5% of carpenters are male, and it was the fourth most male-dominated occupation in the country in 1999. In 2006 in the United States, there were about 1.5 million carpentry positions. Carpenters are usually the first tradesmen on a job and the last to leave. Carpenters normally framed post-and-beam buildings until the end of the 19th century; now this old-fashioned carpentry is called timber framing. Carpenters learn this trade by being employed through an apprenticeship training—normally four years—and qualify by successfully completing that country's competence test in places such as the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Switzerland, Australia and South Africa. It is also common that the skill can be learned by gaining work experience other than a formal training program, which may be the case in many places.

Carpentry covers various services, such as furniture design and construction, door and window installation or repair, flooring installation, trim and molding installation, custom woodworking, stair construction, structural framing, wood structure and furniture repair, and restoration.
Cartoon Network Studios

**Cartoon Network Studios** is an American animation studio owned by the Warner Bros. Television Studios division of Warner Bros. Entertainment, a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Discovery. The studio is the production arm of Cartoon Network, and was founded on October 21, 1994, as a division of Hanna-Barbera, until the latter was absorbed into Warner Bros. Animation in 2001.
Chinese

* Chinese calendar
* Chinese language

Disambiguation page for ChineseThe following is a list of links to pages that might share the same title.Please follow one of the disambiguation links below or search to find the page you were looking for if it is not listed. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
Camera

A **camera** is an optical instrument used to capture and store images or videos, either digitally via an electronic image sensor, or chemically via a light-sensitive material such as photographic film. As a pivotal technology in the fields of photography and videography, cameras have played a significant role in the progression of visual arts, media, entertainment, surveillance, and scientific research. The invention of the camera dates back to the 19th century and has since evolved with advancements in technology, leading to a vast array of types and models in the 21st century.

Cameras function through a combination of various mechanical components and principles. These include exposure control, which regulates the amount of light reaching the sensor or film; the lens, which focuses the light; the viewfinder, which allows the user to preview the scene; and the film or sensor, which captures the image.

Several types of cameras exist, each suited to specific uses and offering unique capabilities. Single-lens reflex (SLR) cameras provide real-time, exact imaging through the lens. Large-format and medium-format cameras offer higher image resolution and are often used in professional and artistic photography. Compact cameras, known for their portability and simplicity, are popular in consumer photography. Rangefinder cameras, with separate viewing and imaging systems, were historically widely used in photojournalism. Motion picture cameras are specialized for filming cinematic content, while digital cameras, which became prevalent in the late 20th and early 21st century, use electronic sensors to capture and store images.

The rapid development of smartphone camera technology in the 21st century has blurred the lines between dedicated cameras and multifunctional devices, profoundly influencing how society creates, shares, and consumes visual content.
Chakma language

**Chakma language** (/ˈtʃɑːkmə/; autonym: 𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟𑄳𑄦 𑄞𑄌𑄴, *Changmha Bhach*) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Chakma and Daingnet people. The language has common features with other languages in the region like the Chittagonian, Tanchangya, Arakanese and others. It is spoken by around 380,000 people. 150,000 of these are in southeast Bangladesh, primarily the Chittagong Hill Tracts, and another 230,000 in India, including 97,000 in Mizoram, Tripura and Arunachal Pradesh. It is written using the Chakma script, but literacy in this script is low.

## Phonology

### Consonants

* /p/ can be heard as [ɸ] in intervocalic and word-final positions.
* /t k/ can be heard as [t̪ʰ x] in word-initial and intervocalic positions.
* A /ʃ/ sound is rare, and in some cases, is a free variant sound of /s/.
Chick-fil-A

**Chick-fil-A** (/ˌtʃɪkfɪˈleɪ/ *CHIK-fil-AY*, a play on the American English pronunciation of "filet") is an American fast food restaurant chain and the largest chain specializing in chicken sandwiches. Headquartered in College Park, Georgia, Chick-fil-A operates 2,928 restaurants across 48 states, as well as in the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. The company also has operations in Canada, and previously had restaurants in the United Kingdom and South Africa. The restaurant serves breakfast before transitioning to its lunch and dinner menu. Chick-fil-A also offers customers catered selections from its menu for special events.

Many of the company's values are influenced by the Christian religious beliefs of its late founder, S. Truett Cathy (1921–2014), a devout Southern Baptist. Reflecting a commitment to Sunday Sabbatarianism, all Chick-fil-A restaurants are closed for business on Sundays, as well as on Thanksgiving and Christmas Day.  To honor the Western Christian liturgical season of Lent, Chick-fil-A promotes fish sandwiches in respect of abstinence from meat that characterizes that part of the Church Year. The company's conservative opposition to same-sex marriage has been the subject of public controversy, though the company has begun to loosen its stance on this issue. Despite numerous controversies and boycott attempts, the 2022 *American Customer Satisfaction Index* found that Chick-fil-A remained the country's favorite fast food chain for the eighth consecutive year.
Carboniferous

The **Carboniferous** is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period 358.9 Ma (million years ago), to the beginning of the Permian Period, 298.9 Ma. In North America, the Carboniferous is often treated as two separate geological periods, the earlier Mississippian and the later Pennsylvanian.
Template:Geological history of Earth
Clang Invasion

***Clang Invasion*** is an animated television series produced for the Canadian children's programming channel YTV. It also aired on Canal Panda, Gloob, Nickelodeon, ABC Me and Pop. 26 episodes were produced.

## Plot

Three alien robots, Rivet, Widgit and Socket, accidentally crashed their spaceship on a backyard tree on Earth. Human twins Robin and Daisy Harrison, and their pet dog Sam went to investigate the crash, where they encounter the robots. Not capable of returning to Planet Clang, the robots becomes friends with Robin and Daisy, made Sam speak by installing a voice box, and utilise a spectrum of gadgetry for their goals. The twins also have to keep the robots a secret. Before rivet widget and socket return to planet Clang.

## Characters

* **Rivet:** (voiced by Patrick McKenna) The captain of the spaceship, Rivet is a male robot and inventor that serves as a genius to the kids, offering them his inventions. He discovered information about Earth from its old commercial broadcasts into space.
* **Widgit:** (voiced by Linda Kash) The spaceship's navigator and maintainer, Widgit is a female robot who performs poorly technologically compared to the other robots but sympathizes with living things. She can contact with any living thing after accidentally devouring one of Rivet's gadgets.
* **Socket:** (voiced by Doug Hadders) The spaceship's security officer, Socket is a simpler robot, unlike the others. As an old robot, his parts frequently fall off, with Rivet reattaching back socket’s parts. His head also acts as an object storage.
* **Robin Harrison:** (voiced by Julie Lemieux) A 7-year-old human boy and Daisy's twin brother, Robin thinks the arrival of the robots in his background is the best thing in his life.
* **Daisy Harrison:** (voiced by Annick Obonsawin) A 7-year-old human girl and Robin's twin sister, Daisy isn't as wise as her age in contrast to him, despite believing the contrary.
* **Sam:** (voiced by Brad Adamson) The Harrisons' dog, Sam was given a voice box on his collar from the robots in order to speak. He is talkative.

## Production

The series was originally going to be called *Gizmo*. The series was co-produced by Decode Entertainment, Agogo Entertainment and Scrawl Studios. DHX Media is the distributor.
Centoogol

**Centoogol** is equal to \(\{\underbrace{10, 10, 10, 10, 10, \dots , 10, 10, 10, 10, 10}\_{100\text{ tens}}, 100\}\). This term was coined by YouTuber Douglas Shamlin Jr.

## Etymology

The name of the number is based on Latin prefix "**centi-**" and the number "googol".

## Approximations

 Hardy hierarchy | \(H\_{\omega^{(\omega^{99})}}(100)\)

## References

1. ↑ D. Shamlin Jr., Ultimate List of Large Numbers - Part 1 of 4 | The Beginning! (Reuploaded by Dr2xmillion). Accessed 2022-05-30.
Central Atlas Tamazight

**Central Atlas Tamazight** or **Atlasic** (also known as Tazayit, variant of tashelhit, Middle Atlas Tamazight, Tmazight or Tmazikht, and, rarely, Beraber or Braber; native name: ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ *Tamazight* [tæmæˈzɪxt], [θæmæˈzɪxθ], Arabic: أمازيغية أطلس الأوسط) is a Berber language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken by 2.3 million in the Atlas Mountains of Central Morocco as well as by smaller emigrant communities in France and elsewhere.

Central Atlas Tamazight is one of the most-spoken Berber languages, along with Tachelhit, Kabyle, Riffian, Shawiya and Tuareg. In Morocco, it comes second as the most-spoken after Tachelhit. All five languages may be referred to as "Tamazight", but Central Atlas speakers are the only ones who use the term exclusively. As is typical of Afroasiatic languages, Tamazight has a series of "emphatic consonants" (realized as pharyngealized), uvulars, pharyngeals and lacks the phoneme /p/. Tamazight has a phonemic three-vowel system but also has numerous words without vowels.

Central Atlas Tamazight (unlike neighbouring Tashelhit) had no known significant writing tradition until the 20th century. It is now officially written in the Tifinagh script for instruction in Moroccan schools, while descriptive linguistic literature commonly uses the Latin alphabet, and the Arabic alphabet has also been used.

The standard word order is verb–subject–object but sometimes subject–verb–object. Words inflect for gender, number and state, using prefixes, suffixes and circumfixes. Verbs are heavily inflected, being marked for tense, aspect, mode, voice, person of the subject and polarity, sometimes undergoing ablaut. Pervasive borrowing from Arabic extends to all major word classes, including verbs; borrowed verbs, however, are conjugated according to native patterns, including ablaut.

## Phonology

### Consonants

Central Atlas Tamazight has a contrastive set of "flat" consonants, manifested in two ways:

* For front segments, pharyngealization: /tˤ dˤ sˤ zˤ lˤ nˤ rˤ/)
* For back segments, labialization: /xʷ ɣʷ qʷ χʷ ʁʷ/)

Phonetic notes:

/k ɡ/ are fricatives [x ɣ] in the Ayt Ayache dialect
/χʷ/ and /ʁʷ/ rare—native speakers can freely substitute /χ ʁ/
Pharyngeal consonants mostly in Arabic loans
For a small number of speakers, /b/ is sometimes lenited to [β].
/t/ is aspirated.
### Vowels

Tamazight has a typical phonemic three-vowel system:

Tamazight vowel phonemes
Catawba language

**Catawba** (/kəˈtɔːbə/) is one of two Eastern Siouan languages of the eastern US, which together with the Western Siouan languages formed the Siouan language family.

The last native, fluent speaker of Catawba was Samuel Taylor Blue, who died in 1959. The Catawba people are now working to revitalize and preserve the Catawba language.

## Phonology

### Consonants

There is also a [ɡ] sound, which happens to be an allophone of /k/. /ʃ/ rarely occurs.

### Vowels

Short vowels

Long vowels

Nasalised vowels

Short vowel sounds /i, e, a, u/ can be unstressed, ranging to [ɪ, ə~ɛ, ɑ, ʊ]. Back vowel sounds can range from /u/ to [o], and a short /a/ can range to a back vowel sound [ɑ].
Chuj language

**Chuj** is a Mayan language spoken by around 40,000 members of the Chuj people in Guatemala and around 3,000 members in Mexico. Chuj is a member of the Qʼanjobʼalan branch along with the languages of Tojolabʼal, Qʼanjobʼal, Akateko, Poptiʼ, and Mochoʼ which, together with the Chʼolan branch, Chuj forms the Western branch of the Mayan family. The Chujean branch emerged approximately 2,000 years ago. In Guatemala, Chuj speakers mainly reside in the municipalities of San Mateo Ixtatán, San Sebastián Coatán and Nentón in the Huehuetenango Department. Some communities in Barillas and Ixcán also speak Chuj. The two main dialects of Chuj are the San Mateo Ixtatán dialect and the San Sebastián Coatán dialect.

The Chuj language has been influenced by Spanish, and Chuj speakers have a tendency to borrow Spanish words or code-mix. It is estimated that 70% of the Chuj language is purely Chuj. There are language conservation and revitalization efforts taking place in San Mateo Ixtatán, through groups like the Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala.

## Phonology

### Orthography

The letter 'h' is conventionally used in words with initial vowels to distinguish them from words that begin with a glottal stop.

## References

1. ↑ Stzolalil Sloloni-Spaxtini Hebʼ Chuj, ALMG, 2007, p. 66
Canada Dry

**Canada Dry** is a brand of soft drinks founded in 1904 and owned since 2008 by the American company Dr Pepper Snapple (now Keurig Dr Pepper). For over 100 years, Canada Dry has been known mainly for its ginger ale, though the company also manufactures a number of other soft drinks and mixers. Although Canada Dry originated in Canada, as the brand name suggests, it is now produced in many countries such as the United States, Panama, Mexico, Chile, Costa Rica, Japan, and in a number of countries of Europe and the Middle East.
Caplumbal

**Caplumbal**, also known as **base 1684**, is a numeral system with 1684 as its base.

## Character list

* See below: 0-539
* See below: 540-1079
* See below: 1080-1619

## Cyclic numbers

* The prime factorization of 1684 is  × .
* It has 840 totatives.
* If *k*≥420, then *nk*+420 ends with the same digit as *nk*.

## Related numeral systems

* Catarkal (base 244)
* Diplumbal (base 842)
* Cargenary (base 844)
Chilliatolus

**Chilliatolus** is equal to E100#1000100 in Extended Hyper-E Notation. It is also equal to E100#^#1000 in Cascading-E notation. The term was coined by Sbiis Saibian.

## Approximations in other notations

 X-Sequence Hyper-Exponential Notation
 Slow-growing hierarchy | \(g\_{\theta(\Omega^{998} \omega)}(100)\)

## References

1. ↑ Saibian, Sbiis. Extended Hyper-E Numbers. Retrieved on January 30, 2017.
Century Gothic

**Century Gothic** is a digital sans-serif typeface in the geometric style, released by Monotype Imaging in 1991. It is a redrawn version of Monotype's own Twentieth Century, a copy of Bauer's Futura, to match the widths of ITC Avant Garde Gothic. It is an exclusively digital typeface that has never been manufactured as metal type.
Cetaphil

**Cetaphil** is a line of skin care products from the Swiss company Galderma, including cleansers, bar soap, cream, lotion, and moisturizers. It was developed in 1947, in Texas, by an American pharmacist. Cetaphil products are available worldwide in more than 70 countries, commonly sold at grocery stores and pharmacies throughout the United States, Canada and India. They are also available in pharmacies in Australia, Hong Kong, South Korea, Indonesia, the Philippines, South Africa, Singapore, some European, Latin American and Caribbean countries.

The brand makes products for people with sensitive, dry and/or acne-prone skin as an alternative to harsher types of soap. The website claims all Cetaphil products work without creating five challenges: irritation, roughness, weakened skin barrier, tightness and dryness.

Cetaphil is highly used and known for its line of scent-free lotion and moisturizers. It is oil-free and historically has been known to be safe for most types of skin because of its simplicity and non-harsh chemical build up, even though the use of parabens remains controversial. New ingredients were added in 2021, however, and there may therefore be less evidence base regarding the "harshness" of these ingredients for those with the most sensitive skin.

Prior to a change in formulation, Cetaphil cleanser ingredients were: water, cetyl alcohol, propylene glycol, sodium lauryl sulfate, stearyl alcohol, methylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben. However, in 2021 Cetaphil changed its formula, adding several new ingredients including niacinimide, panthenol, and glycerin.
Centurion

**Centurion** is equal to E100#{#^#}#100 = E100#{##### ... #####}#100 (100 consecutive #'s) in Hyper-Extended Cascading-E Notation. The term was coined by Sbiis Saibian.

The number was named after the Roman army officer.

## Approximations in other notations

 Hardy hierarchy | \(H\_{\varphi(\omega^\omega,0,0)}(100)\)

## References

1. ↑ Saibian, Sbiis. 4.3.11 - Forging Extended Cascading-E Numbers Part V. Retrieved on July 23, 2014.