Arnesian

**Arnesian** is a language spoken in Arnes. It is characterized as "sibilant and smooth" as well as "fluid"; in Arnesian, words often run together.

## Glossary

### Numbers

* 2: *sessa*
* 3: *ris*
* 4: *tal*
* 5: *nissa*
* 7: *vis*
* 8: *volo*
* 9: *ossa*
* 10: *non*

### Words

* *An* — a flexible word; it means either *I*, *a*, or *no*, depending on the context
* *Anos* (adj.) — eternal
* *Anoshe* (n., excl., *ah-NOsh*/ *Ah-noe-sh*) — the closest thing to a farewell
* *Arensor* (n.) — attendant, assistant
* *Arna* (n.) — mistress, madam, term of respect
* *Ast* (n.) — sun
* *Astal* (v.) — to rise, prepare
* *Av* (v) — day(s)
* *Aven* (adj.) — lit. blessed; can mean: chosen, favored, cursed, other, apart
* *Ayes* (n.) — fields, pasture
* *Cas* (adj.) — hot
* *Casero* (n.) — captain
* *Cason* (n.) — to take
* *Casnor* (v.) — setting descending
* *Chas* (n.) — faith
* *Choser* (n.) — giants
* *Cryssac* (n.) — gems, specifically elemental ones
* *Er* (pro.) — much like *an*, a flexible word meaning *that*, *it*, or *this*
* *Era* (adj.) — lost
* *Eran* (adj.) — best
* *Erase* (v.) — to come
* *Es* (conj.) — or
* *Essen* (n. or adj.) — balance, stability, purity
* *Essen Tasch* (n.) — Element Games
* *Essenir* (n.) — essential items, primarily in the execution of spells
* *Fera* (adj.) — dark
* *Ferase* (v.) — to go
* *Gast* (n.) — thief
* *Gosar* (n.) — banner
* *Hals* (n.) — land
* *Hosna* (n.) — ghost
* *Ir* (prep.) — in
* *Ira* (n.) — eye
* *Is* (art.) — the
* *Kir* (adj.) — a vibrant red
* *Lish* (n.) — an order of coinage high than lin (ten lin make one lish)
* *Lin* (n.) — a unit of coin, akin to a shilling
* *Marist* (n.) — pleasure
* *Mas* (pro.) — me or my
* *Merst*(n.) — market
* *Nas* (adv.) — a formal refusal
* *Nes* (pro.) — them
* *Noche* (n.) — night
* *Onase* (n.) — head, as in head of a house; the highest position in an organisation
* *Ostra* (n.) — London's elite
* *Pilse* (n.) — a foul epithet
* *Postran* (n.) — wardrobe
* *Priste* (n.) — power
* *Rachenast* (n.) — splendor
* *Ranes* (n.) — copper
* *Renar* (adj.) — late
* *Rast* (n.) — heart
* *Renache* (adj.) — away, elsewhere
* *Rosin* (v.) — to give
* *Sanct* (n. or interj.) — a game of cards; also an exclamation of dismay or anger; lit. saints
* *Sarenach* (imp.) — surrender
* *Saren Noche* (n.) — *Night Spire*
* *Sensan* (v.) — sinking
* *Shal* (n.) — the slums, though the word is also used as a slang akin to *cool!*
* *Shast* (n.) — a road, or a soul
* *Soner* (adj.) — beating, steady
* *Stran* (n.) — thread
* *Stras* (n.) — waters, rivers
* *Strast* (n.) — guard
* *Tas* (pro.) — you or your
* *Tasura* (n.) — party, event, function, gathering
* *Tes* (adj.) — a diminutive, little
* *Tessane* (n.) — a hot herbal tea favored in the market
* *Tol* (n.) — steel, or brother
* *Van* (v.) — to tell
* *Vasar* (v.) — to kill
* *Vasken* (v.) — to pirate
* *Vares* (n.) — prince; both a title and a common word, depending on the usage
* *Vesnara* (v.) — wandering
* *Vestra* (adj.) — belonging to one of the royal families
* *Viris* (adj.) — foolish
* *Vitari* (n., proper n., v.) — magic, Magic, or the act of creating magic

## Trivia

* Arnesian was partly inspired by Turkish.

## References and notes

1. ↑ "No Mother Tongue: Language in the World of Magic" — Tor/Forge Blog
2. ↑ *A Gathering of Shadows*, III: Changing Tides, III
3. ↑ *Shades of Magic* Collector's Editions — Arnesian Glossary
4. ↑ "Anoshe = ah-NOsh, with the o like in 'no'"
(V. E. Schwab on Tumblr)
5. ↑ "is the e in „Anoshe“ stressed, unstressed or silent?" — "Unstressed. So Ah-noe-sh."
(V. E. Schwab on Twitter)
6. ↑ *A Gathering of Shadows*, V: Royal Welcome, III
7. ↑ "Haha, well, literally it is SAINTS, but the way it's used, it basically means SHIT."
(V. E. Schwab on Tumblr)
8. ↑ *A Gathering of Shadows*, VI: Impostors, IV
9. ↑ *A Gathering of Shadows*, III: Changing Tides, VI
10. ↑ *A Gathering of Shadows*, VI: Impostors, V
11. ↑ *A Gathering of Shadows*, III: Changing Tides, II
12. ↑ "The languages in ADSOM are entirely fictional, but each draws from a different linguistic set and pattern, the Arnesian of Red London inspired by pieces of Turkish"
(V. E. Schwab on Tumblr)

1. ↑ The glossary misspells the term as *sha*. Within the books, it is consistently *shal*.
(*A Gathering of Shadows*, II: Prince at Large, III; *A Conjuring of Light*, III: Fall or Fight, VI)