recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Alectrosaurus

***Alectrosaurus*** (meaning "alone lizard") is a genus of tyrannosauroid theropod dinosaur that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous period, about some 96 million years ago in what is now the Iren Dabasu Formation.

It was a medium-sized, moderately-built, ground-dwelling, bipedal carnivore, estimated at 5 to 6 m (16 to 20 ft) with a body shape similar to its much larger advanced relative, *Tyrannosaurus*. *Alectrosaurus* was a very fast running tyrannosauroid as indicated by the elongated hindlimbs that likely filled the niche of a pursuit predator, a trait that seems to be lost by the advanced and robust tyrannosaurids.

## Description

The lectotype AMNH 6554 is fragmentary, consisting of a nearly complete right hindlimb only lacking the distal tarsal elements; left metatarsals II, III and IV, and a fragmentary distal foot of a pubis, however it is unknown which pubis represents.

It was a medium-sized tyrannosauroid, reaching a length between 5 to 6 m (16 to 20 ft), and a weight ranging from 454 to 907 kg (1,001 to 2,000 lb). Overall, the hindlimbs were rather gracile, in contrast to the robust tyrannosaurids. The length of its tibia (shinbone) and femur (thighbone) are very close, in contrast to the majority of other tyrannosauroids, where the tibia is longer. The femur measures 72.7 cm (727 mm) and the tibia 73 cm (730 mm). The metetarsals are also closer in size to the tibia than in most other tyrannosauroids, where they are usually longer; the third is the largest, measuring 48 cm (480 mm) long. The astragalus and calcaneum are nicely preserved, although the astragalus seems to be slightly damaged. They are strongly attached, but not fused.

### Distinguishing anatomical features

Following the original description of *Alectrosaurus*, it can be distinguished by the following traits: long slender-limbed type of tyrannosauroid; humerus long and slender; ungual and phalanx of digit I robust, laterally compressed and strongly curved; femur and tibia subequal in length; length of astragalus onefourth the combined length of astragalus and tibia.

According to Carr 2005, *Alectrosaurus* can be distinguished based on unique traits present in the hindlimbs, such as the spike-like process extending from the caudodorsal surface of the medial condyle of the femur, the presence of an abrupt expansion in length of the anterior margin of the joint surface for the tibia on the fibula, tendon pit adjacent to the ventrolateral buttress of the astragalus undercutting the medial surface of the buttress, the dorsal margin of the proximal surface of pedal phalanx II-2 is pointed, reduced pedal digit III, the lateral condyle of pedal phalanx III-1 is significantly deeper than the medial condyle, when in distal view, stocky pedal phalanx IV-2, when examined in proximal view, the dorsal half of the joint surface for metatarsal IV on metatarsal III is dilated anteriorly, and many others.

## *Alectrosaurus* in The Amazing Dinosaur Adventure

Fantasy *Alectrosaurus* from *The Brave Sauropod Scheme*. It appeared in Austin's story
Дэб-герой

* Карточка
* Значок

**Дэб-герой** (**Dab Hero**) — одна из карточек Монстрмон в Kindergarten 2.

## Описание

Карточка красного цвета. На ней изображён мускулистый человек в синих доспехах, делающей дэб.

## Как получить

На уроке физкультуры подойдите к Джерому и помогите ему отнять мяч.

## Связь с получением

Дэб — молодёжный жест, реакция на какую-либо победу. В случае Джерома — он смог забрать мяч.

## Интересные факты

* После помощи Джерому он лишается хитбокса, как и Карла при аналогичном раскладе. При этом в файлах игры был диалог взаимодействия с ним. Там Джером говорит, что ни за что бы не согласился играть с тупыми девочками.
* В первой части была карта «Очень яркая звезда», которая также делает акцент на яркости.
Pterosaur Judges

## Pterosaur Judges

* All 3
* Green
* Purple
* Red

## Physical Traits

### Species

*Pteranodon* (Green)
Indeterminate rhamphorhynchids (Purple and Red)

### Gender

Female (Green)
Male (Purple)
Unknown (Red)

### Color

Light Green
Purple
Light Red

### Eye Color

Lime Green (Green)
Light Blue (Purple)
Black (Red)

## Production

### Appearances

The Amazing Dinosaur Adventure 12 The Great Day of the Pterosaurs

## Possible Species (Purple and Red)

* *Scaphognathus*
* *Rhamphorhynchus*
* *Dorygnathus*
* *Harpactognathus*
* *Nesodactylus*
Camptosaurus

***Camptosaurus*** (meaning "flexible lizard") is a genus of plant-eating, beaked ornithischian dinosaurs of the Late Jurassic period of western North America and possibly also Europe.

## Description

*Camptosaurus* is a relatively heavily built form, with robust hindlimbs and broad feet, still having four toes. Due to the separate status of *Uteodon* it has become problematic which material from the Morrison Formation belongs to *Camptosaurus*. The specimens with certainty belonging to *Camptosaurus dispar*, from Quarry 13, have been recovered from very deep layers, probably dating to the Callovian-Oxfordian. The largest fragments from later strata indicate adult individuals more than 7.9 metres (26 ft) long, and 2 metres (6.6 ft) at the hips. The Quarry 13 individuals are smaller though. They have been described as reaching 6 meters (19.7 feet) in length and 785 – 874 kg in weight. In 2010 Gregory S. Paul gave an even lower estimate: a length of five metres and a weight of half a tonne.

Earlier reconstructions, such as those by Marsh and Gilmore, were based on the skull of *Theiophytalia* and display an incorrect, more rectangular profile. The skull was in fact triangular with a pointed snout, equipped with a beak. Its teeth were more tightly packed in the jaw compared to other Morrison euornithopods. Museum curator John Foster describes them as having "thick median ridges on their lateral sides and denticles along their edges," these features were similar to, but "more fully developed" than those in *Dryosaurus*. *Camptosaurus* teeth frequently exhibit extensive wear, which indicates that individuals in the genus had a diet of relatively tough vegetation.
Raptors

**"Raptor"** is a term introduced in *The Amazing Dinosaur Adventure* TV series to refer to the smaller Predator dromaeosaurs, and possibly other fast-moving theropods. A fan term that is sometimes used is "Sickleclaw", though this term has never actually been heard or suggested in canon.

## Description

Several species of Raptors appeared in the franchise. Most Raptors designs were roughly the same, but they came in different colors (Brownish Red, Light Gray, Blue, Dull Purple, Olive Green, Grayish Purple, and Copper Red seem to be the main colors) with a line of darker stripes of the color running down the back. The Raptors appeared in *The Amazing Dinosaur Adventure 3 The Time of the Great Giving*, *The Amazing Dinosaur Adventure 7 The Stone of Cold Fire*, *The Amazing Dinosaur Adventure 11 Invasion of the Tinysauruses*, *The Amazing Dinosaur Adventure 13 The Wisdom of Friends*, and the TV series.

Every Raptor in the franchise had only 4 different eye colors, Orange, Red, Peach, Yellow, Light Orange.

## Amanda and Jeff

*Main article: Amanda and Jeff*

Amanda and Jeff, a duo of *Achillobators*, who are the 2 cronies of Michael. They only appeared in the TV series. They were the most known of the Raptors, and were the only 2 Raptors in the franchise to have names.

AmandaJeff
## List of Raptors in the Franchise

* *Bambiraptor* (*The Time of the Great Giving*)
* *Velociraptor* (*The Time of the Great Giving*)
* *Deinonychus* (*The Time of the Great Giving*)
* *Achillobator* (*The Stone of Cold Fire*, *Invasion of the Tinysauruses*, and the TV Series)
* *Dakotaraptor* (*The Wisdom of Friends*)
* *Pyroraptor* (the TV Series)
* *Utahraptor* (the TV Series)

## Voices

* Stock Creature/Animal sounds (III, VII, XI)
* Stock Jaguar, Crocodile, and Walrus sounds (Predator Mom)
* Stock Jaguar, Crocodile, and Bear sounds (Amanda and Jeff)

## Synonyms

* Sickleclaw
* Hookfoot

## Gallery

A trio of *Bambiraptor* from the opening narration to *The Time of the Great Giving*A duo of *Velociraptor* from the opening narration to *The Time of the Great Giving**Deinonychus* from *The Time of the Great Giving**Achillobator* from *The Stone of Cold Fire**Achillobator* from *Invasion of the Tinysauruses*A stampede of *Dakotaraptor* from the opening narration to *The Wisdom of Friends*A trio of *Pyroraptor* from *The Lonely Journey*A stampede of *Utahraptor* from *The Lonely Journey*Mama *Achillobator* and her 3 hatchlings from *The Great Egg Adventure*
Exeduck504

**FUCK YOU QUACK UR WACK- Exeduck504 talking to YOU**

Exeduck504 is very stronk, as it is stronger than 999 Omni Omni Omni Omni Omni supreme supreme supreme supreme supreme supreme supreme supreme supreme supreme supreme supreme supreme supreme supreme gods.

## Power

* Ducc attac: die inf damage
* ducc Omni die: you lose much hp
* God puppet: use god404, Omni!Destroy, Virus404 (OVERKILL), OmniGodity, SS808, 4th Breaker Z, Omni404, Duck404 and king godverse as puppet

## Power level

ITS OVER 999999999999999999999999999999999^googolplexian
The Birthday Celebration

## Plot

As the crew played a game involving shadow figures on a rock, a strange figure thrashing around frightened them into hiding, until they found out that it was actually Snowflake; she took a shortcut and somehow got a tree branch stuck on her horn. After they pulled it off for Snowflake, Mary noticed a specific star in the sky, which she told the others was her birthday star.

She then explained that it could only be seen on 3 nights between winter, and was used as an astronomical marker of the day she hatched. She then said that it would be her birthday when the star is in the position it was in on the day she hatched.

She then grew nostalgic upon noting that it will be her 1st star day without her family. She recalled that it was on her last birthday that she saw them for the final time, before they were suddenly attacked by Michael, Amanda and Jeff. They soon escape, and Mary traveled with Joseph to the valley. She then left the group, to have some time alone.

The other children decided to throw a surprise "Giving Ceremony" for Mary on her birthday, in which they will give her her favourite food. The next day, while Mary bathed, the others headed off to gather some grapes, her favourite food, at the Sheltering Grass. After a brief struggle on a cliff near the river, they make it to the Sheltering Grass, where they found that a male *Ankylosaurus* named "James" was hogging all of the Grapes.

They tried in vain to persuade him to share some, until Tulip mentioned they need the Grapes for Mary's birthday. Knowing the importance of birthday, James sympathized and letted them take as many Grapes as they wish.

The crew still was not entirely prepared for the giving ceremony, and at that moment Mary wished to spend some time with them. Luke, Tulip and Joseph stall her, but left her downhearted when they tell her that they were too tired to play.

Mary decided to go to her Thinking Place and watched her birthday star for the rest of the day, but when she got there, a minor rockslide occurred. She narrowly escaped it, but she ended up getting trapped in a cave. The other children found her and help to move the boulder blocking her way out.

When the crew returned to the location where they chose to hold Mary's Giving Ceremony, they found that the rockslide crushed most of the Grapes. Mary ate the Grapes which were still alright, and she realized that the most important part of her birthday is to spend time with those who care for her, and she felt very happy. She and the others then sit together, watching her birthday star all night.

## Featured Species

* *Saurolophus*
* *Oviraptor*
* *Ankylosaurus*
Колючий Флим-Флам

* Kindergarten
* Kindergarten 2

## Информация

### Способ получения

Директор даст «Колючего Флим-Флама», если рассказать ему о драке с Билли за карточку Монстрмон.

### Описание

Его колючки хрупки и опаснее пламени.

**Колючий Флим-Флам** (**Spikey Flimflam**) — одна из карточек Монстрмон в Kindergarten.

## Описание

Карточка фиолетового цвета. На ней изображено синее рогатое существо.

## Как получить

Нужно попасть к Директору. Для этого нужно поговорить с Наггетом о Билли, пока нас не отправят в кабинет.

В диалоге с Директором нужно отрицать, что мы скучаем по Билли. Когда он спросит о нашей заинтересованности, отрицаем. Далее говорим, что Билли был нашим другом, но мы подрались из-за карточки Монстрмон. Директор решает отдать одну из карточек Джерома, выбираем любой вариант.

## Интересные факты

* Одна из пяти карточек, которая появилась в обеих частях игры.
* Отсюда мы узнаём, что Директор терпеть не может карточки Монстрмон.
	+ Он называет их дьявольскими, и далее по сюжету мы узнаём, что так оно и есть, но вряд ли Директор знал об этом.
	+ Это делает его единственным взрослым, который относится к ним резко негативно. Другие (например, Уборщик или Доктор Дэннер) максимум могут назвать их глупыми.
* Также отсюда мы узнаём, что Директор иногда отнимает карточки у Джерома за плохое поведение.
* Любопытно, что Директор отдаёт карточку, «чтобы позлить Джерома», но позже просит не рассказывать ему об этом.
* Когда Директор спрашивает, будет ли он плохим отцом, его устраивают все варианты. Его диалог даже не меняется.
* Во второй части Флим-Флам был розового цвета.

## Колючий Флим-Флам

* Карточка
* Значок

## Информация

### Описание

Никто не знает, что за Флим-Флам, но этот точно колючий.

## Качества

### Действие

Восстанавливает 3 маны, если последний отброшенный Красный

### Реакция

Блокирует Жёлтого Монстрмона

**Колючий Флим-Флам** (**Spiky Flim Flam**) — одна из карточек Монстрмон в Kindergarten 2.

## Описание

Карточка фиолетового цвета. На ней изображён розовое невысокое человекоподобное существо с восьмью шипами, четыре из которых находятся на месте рук.

## Как получить

Обыграйте Баггза в Монстрмон. Учтите, что он использует карточки всех цветов.

## Интересные факты

* Одна из пяти карточек, которая появилась в обеих частях игры.
* В первой части Флим-Флам был голубого цвета.
* Flim и Flam в переводе «хрупкий» и «пламя» соответственно. При этом в описании второй части пишут, что его определение неясно, хотя в описании первой части имя обыгрывалось.
* Оригинальное название карточки во второй части было изменено со Spikey Flimflam на Spiky Flim Flam.
The Great Log Running Game

## Plot

That day, Tulip discovered how to balance on a floating log while running. Soon, everybody was trying to balance on logs. But when Snowflake tried to prove that Ceratopsians were the best, she accidentally got swept up by the current and near a huge waterfall.

## Featured Species

* *Alamosaurus*
* *Pteranodon*
* Indeterminate pachycephalosaurids
Cryptoclidus

***Cryptoclidus*** (meaning "Hidden clavicles") is a genus of plesiosaur from the Middle Jurassic period of England, France, and Cuba.

## Description

*Cryptoclidus* was a medium-sized plesiosaur, measuring 5.5 m (18 ft) in length and weighing around 1 metric ton (1.1 short tons). The fragile build of the head and teeth preclude any grappling with prey, and suggest a diet of small, soft-bodied animals such as squid and shoaling fish. *Cryptoclidus* may have used its long, intermeshing teeth to strain small prey from the water, or perhaps sift through sediment for buried animals.

The size and shape of the nares and nasal openings have led Brown and Cruickshank (1994) to argue that they were used to sample seawater for smells and chemical traces.

## *Cryptoclidus* in The Amazing Dinosaur Adventure

*Cryptoclidus* from *The Great Day of the Pterosaurs* during the song *Flip, Flap, and Fly*
The Amazing Dinosaur Adventure (franchise)

***The Amazing Dinosaur Adventure*** is an American animated film series and media franchise created by Rafael Batalla, distributed by Universal Pictures and centered on Dinosaurs. It was followed by 13 direct-to-video musical sequels, a TV series, soundtracks, and related merchandising. Neither the sequels nor the series involve the participation of Rafael Batalla. All 15 films were released as a Complete Collection book and movie set.

## Plot

The films follow a friendship of a group of young ornithodirans (5 Dinosaurs and a Pterosaur) named Luke (*Apatosaurus*), the 3 sisters Daisy, Sunflower, and Tulip (*Ouranosaurus*), Alex (*Pteranodon*), Snowflake (*Triceratops*). They also become friends with a *Tyrannosaurus* named Joseph, survive a drought and a cold snap, and witness a solar eclipse. Throughout all the films, they embark upon adventures, learning lessons about life and friendship along the way.
Ophthalmosaurus

***Ophthalmosaurus*** (meaning "eye lizard" in Greek) is an ichthyosaur of the Jurassic period (165–150 million years ago). Possible remains from the Cretaceous, around 145 million years ago, are also known. Named for its extremely large eyes, it had a 6 metres (20 ft) long dolphin-shaped body with jaws containing many small but robust teeth. Major fossil finds of this genus have been recorded in Europe with a second species possibly being found in North America.

## Description

*Ophthalmosaurus* was a medium sized ichthyosaur with a robust, streamlined body that was nearly as wide as it was tall in frontal view. Like other derived ichthyosaurs *Ophthalmosaurus* had a powerful tail ending in a pronounced bi-lobed caudal fluke whose lower half was formed around the caudal spine whereas the upper lobe was made up entirely from soft tissue. The limbs of *Ophthalmosaurus* were short and rounded with the forelimbs being noticeably larger than the hind limbs. The combination of rather inflexible trunk, powerful caudal fluke and reduced limbs suggests a tail-propelled mode of locomotion with the limbs helping with steering, differing from the anguilliform (eel-like) way more basal ichthyosaurs swam. The skull of *Ophthalmosaurus* was long with a slender, toothed rostrum and an enlarged posterior portion of the cranium. The dentition was relatively small with robust tooth crowns and the lateral area of the cranium was almost entirely occupied by the animal's massive eyes that gave the genus its name. The proportionally large eyes of *Ophthalmosaurus* measured 220–230 millimetres (8.7–9.1 in) in diameter at the outer margin of the bony sclerotic ring, while the sclerotic aperture itself measured 100 millimetres (3.9 in) in diameter.
The Amazing Dinosaur Adventure 13 The Wisdom of Friends

## Plot

One summer day, in a big valley, there lived 6 Dinosaurs named "Luke, Sunflower, Tulip, Alex, Daisy, and Snowflake". Luke had a nightmare about his mother falling down in a really big canyon, which almost had occurred during a really huge earthquake, but Luke’s mother luckily rescued herself before she could fall into the canyon. Luke’s mother then comforted and taught him important life lessons called "Wisdoms''. The next day, the 6 children had met a trio of *Beipiaosaurus* named "Mason, Presley, and Justin". The *Beipiaosaurus* trio had lost their way while traveling to a very big area called "Berry Valley", a huge valley that was filled with a lot of Berries. The *Beipiaosaurus* trio then seemed to be so unintelligent to find their way home. The 6 children decided to help the *Beipiaosaurus* trio while sharing important Wisdoms along the way.

During the big walk, the *Beipiaosaurus* trio were so thirsty, and the 6 children set out to find water. Suddenly, a quartet of *Baryonyx* pursued the *Beipiaosaurus* trio towards a dead end, but the 6 children had returned, and they then pelted the *Baryonyx* quartet with a lot of very large boulders, and the *Beipiaosaurus* trio managed to escape. The 6 children and the *Beipiaosaurus* trio then spotted a very large watering hole where the *Beipiaosaurus* trio had finally found their herd. That night, the 6 children and the *Beipiaosaurus* herd all decided to stay for the night, and they started having a very big dance party. Earlier, Mason mentioned a so-called "wise one" among the *Beipiaosaurus* herd, but Luke cannot even look for any sign of him. The next day, the 6 children woke up and they started taking the *Beipiaosaurus* herd way across the Mysterious Beyond all the way straight to Berry Valley. However, Luke had never been to Berry Valley in his whole life and he had worried that he might make silly plans while he came to teach the *Beipiaosaurus* herd how to be so wise. Luke’s friends reassured Luke that he should trust in his feelings to notify him what to listen to.

As a big storm started, the 6 children had led the *Beipiaosaurus* herd on a plateau on a very big mountain for shelter, but Presley became separated from the very big group, going the wrong direction. Once the storm ended, the big group managed to find Presley and she had rejoined the group. The *Baryonyx* quartet attacked again, but the Beipiaosaurus herd defeated the *Baryonyx* quartet when they started bouncing up and down, which had caused the ledge (the *Baryonyx* quartet were standing on) to break, *causing* them to fall down into a big chasm down below. After the *Baryonyx* quartet were defeated, the *Beipiaosaurus* herd finally made it to Berry Valley. Justin was then revealed to be the "wise One" all along. Then, the 6 children began walking straight back home to the valley, and they then reunited with their families. The 6 children went right home to their shelter and they all lived happily ever after.

## Featured Species

* *Dakotaraptor*
* *Baryonyx*
* *Beipiaosaurus*
* *Gorgosaurus*
The Cave of Many Voices (episode)

## Plot

One night, a huge rainstorm caused a leakage in the cave where Joseph and Mary lived. In frustration, Joseph bit off the Stalactite which are the source of the leaks, only making the problem even bigger. The next day, the 8 children explored the Secret Caverns together, in hopes of finding a new cave for Joseph and Mary. While examining the caves, they accidentally created an opening into the Mysterious Beyond that was discovered by a huge villainous male *Zhuchengtyrannus* named "Michael" and his 2 Raptor (*Achillobator*) cronies, "Amanda and Jeff". Amanda and Jeff began to try and open up the hole, but Michael got them to move and dug some of it open himself, and then he let them do the work.

Meanwhile, Tulip admired Mary's stature and maturity, and she implored for her to teach her how to feel and behave big, in hopes that others would take her more seriously once she acquired these skills. She began to receive the desired results, at 1st, although the other children began to get annoyed with her big talk after a while.

On their 2nd spelunking bout, Joseph found a suitable cave, lacking Stalactite, but the 8 children soon discovered the 3 Predators' appearance, and ran. They escape Michael, and later Amanda and Jeff, by going into more cramped areas. Luke suggests that they use the Cave of Many Voices, an echoing cave which the 8 children had played in the last time, to make themselves sound larger and more fierce, and also to give the impression that there are many more of them there. Afterwards, Michael, Amanda and Jeff found the 8 children again. While cornered by the 3 Predators, Tulip managed to sneak past them to the Cave of Many Voices, due to her small size, and she distracted them by shouting loud nonsense. The other children quietly join up with her while Michael and the 2 Raptors glance around in confusion, before Amanda and Jeff ran away. Joseph then calls out to them in Predator language that an enormous, angry herd is on its way, and that they should evacuate the caverns. Michael doesn't buy it, until Tulip used her loud Herbivore voice, and she finally scared Michael away with a massive "YEP YEP YEP!". The 8 children then sealed up the entrance from the Mysterious Beyond, and they rejoiced in having found Joseph and Mary a new cave. Tulip comes to realized that it is alright to feel and act big, but that being physically small also had advantages.

## Featured Species

* *Achillobator*
* *Corythosaurus*
* *Parksosaurus*
* Indeterminate pachycephalosaurs
* *Ankylosaurus*
* *Pachyrhinosaurus*
* *Alamosaurus*
* *Zhuchengtyrannus*
Pliosaurus

***Pliosaurus*** (meaning "more lizard") is an extinct genus of thalassophonean pliosaurid known from the Kimmeridgian and Tithonian stages (Late Jurassic) of Europe and South America. Their diet would have included fish, cephalopods, and marine reptiles. This genus has contained many species in the past but recent reviews found only eleven to be valid, while the validity of two additional species awaits a petition to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. *Pliosaurus* currently consists of the type species *P. brachydeirus*, and also *P. brachyspondylus*, *P. carpenteri*, *P. funkei*, *P. kevani*, *P. macromerus*, *P. rossicus* and *P. westburyensis*, as well as the invalid *P. portentificus*. Most species of *Pliosaurus* are notable for their large body size, while the others, *P. brachydeirus*, *P. brachyspondylus* and *P. portentificus*, are known exclusively from immature individuals. Species of this genus are differentiated from other pliosaurids based on seven autapomorphies, including teeth that are triangular in cross section.

## Description

Using *Liopleurodon*, another large pliosaurid, as a guide, a specimen found in the Svalbard islands of northern Europe has been estimated to have been 15 metres (49 ft) long, 45,000 kilograms (99,000 lb) in weight and had teeth 30 centimetres (12 in) long. It is estimated to have lived approximately 147 million years ago. Later on, thorough scrutiny of this Svalbard specimen revealed that it was not as massive as originally claimed; total length estimates have been revised to 10–13 metres (33–43 ft) and was named *Pliosaurus funkei* in Knutsen et al. 2012, with estimated skull lengths of 160–200 cm and a forelimb length of 300 cm for the holotype (PMO 214.135), and an estimated skull length of 200–250 cm for the referred specimen (PMO 214.136), suggesting that the animal had proportionally bigger flippers than other pliosaurs compared to the skull size and dimensions of the vertebrae. This estimate has since been questioned due to the smaller size of *P. funkei* vertebrae in comparison to *Kronosaurus*, which was used to obtain the 10–13 metres (33–43 ft) estimate. Analysis of bones from the four flippers suggest that the animal cruised using just two fore-flippers, using the back pair for extra speed when pursuing and capturing prey. *P. funkei* brain was of a similar type and size, proportionally, to that of today's great white shark.
Nothosaurus

***Nothosaurus*** (meaning "false lizard") is an extinct genus of sauropterygian reptile from the Triassic period, approximately 240–210 million years ago, with fossils being distributed from North Africa and Europe to China. It is the best known member of the nothosaur order.

## Description

*Nothosaurus* was a semi-oceanic animal which probably had a lifestyle similar to that of today's seals. It was about 4 metres (13 ft), with long, webbed toes and possibly a fin on its tail. However, some species such as *N. zhangi* and *N. giganteus* were larger, up to 5–7 metres (16–23 ft). When swimming, *Nothosaurus* would use its tail, legs, and webbed feet to propel and steer it through the water. The skull was broad and flat, with long jaws, lined with needle teeth, it probably caught fish and other marine creatures. Trackways attributed, partly by process of elimination, to a nothosaur, that were reported from Yunnan, China in June 2014, were interpreted as the paddle impressions left as the animals dug into soft seabed with rowing motions of their paddles, churning up hidden benthic creatures that they snapped up. Once caught, few animals would be able to shake themselves free from the mouth of *Nothosaurus*.

In many respects its body structure resembled that of the much later plesiosaurs, but it was not as well adapted to an aquatic environment. It is thought that one branch of the nothosaurs may have evolved into pliosaurs such as *Liopleurodon*, a short-necked plesiosaur that grew up to 6.4 metres (21 ft), and the long-necked *Cryptoclidus*, a fish eater with a neck as long as 1.3 metres (4.3 ft).
The Amazing Dinosaur Adventure

## Plot

In the time of the Dinosaurs, there lived a nice mother *Ouranosaurus* living happily in a very big valley. The mother *Ouranosaurus* had also laid 3 eggs. Later, the 3 eggs hatched, and 3 good female *Ouranosaurus* came out. The mother *Ouranosaurus* was happy to have 3 really good girls, and she named the 1st baby "Daisy", the 2nd baby "Sunflower", and the 3rd baby "Tulip". So Daisy, Sunflower, and Tulip soon became the coolest friends in the valley. As Daisy, Sunflower, and Tulip were off exploring and playing together, they had spotted 3 new friends named "Alex", an awesome male *Pteranodon*, "Luke", a nice male *Apatosaurus*, and "Snowflake", a very pretty female *Triceratops*. Luke had decided to be the leader of the very amazing group.

Months later, the 6 children were now fully brave Dinosaurs and then their families had told them that they should set off on their own 1 day. Later, the 6 children began playing. The 6 children were having fun together until a huge *Tyrannosaurus* arrived and she then pursued the 6 children through a large forest. After escaping the Tyrannosaurus, the 6 children began finding a good shelter for them. Then, the 6 children noticed a hole on 1 of the really enormous mountains, and they went towards it. When the 6 children had entered the hole, they noticed that the inside of the mountain was a cave. The 6 children had planned to stay inside the cave and they slept. The next day, the 6 children woke up and went exploring, and they saw a very large lake up ahead. After looking at the lake for a while, the 6 children went back home to their shelter and they chilled for a little while. After that, the 6 children went off exploring again and they spotted a very large river where they could go for a really amazing swim. As the sun began setting, the 6 children went back to their shelter, and they slept. The next day, the 6 children woke up and started playing around.

The *Tyrannosaurus* suddenly came and pursued the 6 children. When the 6 children quickly hid in their shelter, Sunflower decided to defeat the *Tyrannosaurus*. Sunflower charged and pushed the *Tyrannosaurus* towards a very big canyon. Using her tail, Sunflower had pushed the *Tyrannosaurus* off the edge, and the *Tyrannosaurus* fell down into the canyon. The other children cheered for Sunflower. Soon, Luke’s father told the 6 children that they could now explore everywhere in the valley all they want, with the *Tyrannosaurus* that died, and with no Predators. Then, the 6 children went home to their shelter and they all lived happily ever after.

## Featured Species

* *Ouranosaurus*
* *Tyrannosaurus*
* *Pteranodon*
* *Ankylosaurus*
* *Stegosaurus*
* *Parasaurolophus*
* *Triceratops*
* *Compsognathus*
* *Apatosaurus*
* *Brachiosaurus*
Ichthyornis

***Ichthyornis*** (meaning "fish bird") is an extinct genus of toothed seabird-like ornithuran from the late Cretaceous period of North America. Its fossil remains are known from the chalks of Alberta, Alabama, Kansas (Greenhorn Limestone), New Mexico, Saskatchewan, and Texas, in strata that were laid down in the Western Interior Seaway during the Turonian through Campanian ages, about 95–83.5 million years ago. *Ichthyornis* is a common component of the Niobrara Formation fauna, and numerous specimens have been found.

*Ichthyornis* has been historically important in shedding light on bird evolution. It was the first known prehistoric bird relative preserved with teeth, and Charles Darwin noted its significance during the early years of the theory of evolution. *Ichthyornis* remains important today as it is one of the few Mesozoic era ornithurans known from more than a few specimens.

## Description

It is thought that *Ichthyornis* was the Cretaceous ecological equivalent of modern seabirds such as gulls, petrels, and skimmers. An average specimen was the size of a pigeon, 24 centimetres (9.4 in) long, with a skeletal wingspan (not taking feathers into account) of around 43 centimetres (17 in), though there is considerable size variation among known specimens, with some smaller and some much larger than the type specimen of *I. dispar*.

*Ichthyornis* is notable primarily for its combination of vertebrae which are concave both in front and back (similar to some fish, which is where it gets its name) and several more subtle features of its skeleton which set it apart from its close relatives. *Ichthyornis* is perhaps most well known for its teeth. The teeth were present only in the middle portion of the upper and lower jaws. The jaw tips had no teeth and were covered in a beak. The beak of *Ichthyornis*, like the hesperornithids, was compound and made up of several distinct plates, similar to the beak of an albatross, rather than a single sheet of keratin as in most modern birds. The teeth were more flattened than the rounded teeth found in crocodilians, though they became wider towards the base of the crown. The tips of the teeth were curved backward and lacked any serrations.

The wings and breastbone were very modern in appearance, suggesting strong flight ability and placing it with modern birds in the advanced group Carinatae. Unlike earlier avialans such as the enantiornithines, the species appears to have matured to adulthood in a rather short, continuous process.

A study on an *Ichthyornis* endocast reveals that it had a relatively "primitive" brain compared to modern birds, similar to that of *Archaeopteryx* and other non-avian theropods. Conversely, it had a palate remarkably convergent with that of modern neognaths.
Archaeoceratops

***Archaeoceratops*** (meaning "ancient horned face") is a genus of basal neoceratopsian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian stage) of north central China. It appears to have been bipedal and quite small, reaching 0.9 m (3.0 ft) in length and 10 kg (22 lb) in body mass. It had a comparatively large head but no horns, possessing only a small bony frill projecting from the back of its head.

## Classification

*Archaeoceratops* belonged to the Ceratopsia (the name is Greek for "horned face"), a group of herbivorous dinosaurs with parrot-like beaks which thrived in North America and Asia during the Cretaceous Period. In 1997 Dong and Azuma placed it in a new family, Archaeoceratopsidae. *Helioceratops* and possibly *Yamaceratops* have also been found to be members of Archaeoceratopsidae.

## *Archaeoceratops* in The Amazing Dinosaur Adventure

The Great Hideous Beast the *Archaeoceratops*
Anhanguera

***Anhanguera*** (meaning "old devil") is a genus of pterodactyloid pterosaur known from the Early Cretaceous (Albian age, 112 million years ago) Romualdo Formation of Brazil and the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian age, 98 to 92.5 million years ago) Kem Kem Beds of Morocco. This pterosaur is closely related to *Ornithocheirus*, but belongs in the family Anhangueridae. The generic name comes from the tupi words *añanga*, meaning "spirit protector of the animals" + *wera* "bygone".

## Description

*Anhanguera* was a fish-eating animal with a wingspan of about 4.6 meters (15 ft). Like many other anhanguerids, *Anhanguera* had rounded crests at front of its upper and lower jaws, which were filled with angled, conical but curved teeth of various sizes and orientations. Like many of its relatives, the jaws were tapered in width, but expanded into a broad, spoon-shaped rosette at the tip. It is distinguished from its relatives by subtle differences in the crest and teeth: unlike its close relatives *Coloborhynchus* and *Ornithocheirus*, the crest on the upper jaw of *Anhanguera* did not begin at the tip of the snout, but was set farther back on the skull. Like many pteranodontoids, (most notably the pteranodonts but also in anhanguerids such as *Ludodactylus*) *Anhanguera* had an additional crest protruding from the back of the skull. However, it was reduced to a small, blunt projection in these animals.

A study in 2003 showed that *Anhanguera* held its head at an angle to the ground due to its inner ear structure, which helped the animal detect its balance. *Anhanguera* had bony rings in their eye sockets, called sclerotic rings. These disks may have provided support to the pterosaur's eyes. Sclerotic rings are found in some extant species of vertebrates. For example, modern day birds have sclerotic rings.

The dubious species, *A. araripensis*, has been described as similar in skull anatomy to other species of *Anhanguera*, and possibly *Coloborhynchus*, and the species is placed in either of these genera by various researchers. Like species referred to *Coloborhynchus*, the snout tip was blunt and bore two forward-projecting teeth that emerged higher on the jaw than the rest of the tooth row. As in most other anhanguerids, the species bore a large, rounded crest at the tip of the jaws. Like *Coloborhynchus* species, and unlike the type species of *Anhanguera*, the crest of *A. araripensis* emerged from the very tip of the blunted jaws, rather than further back on the jaw. However, unlike *Coloborhynchus*, *A. araripensis* lacked a dent or depression in the blunted jaw tip, and the teeth appear to have been smaller and more uniform in size.
The Brave Sauropod Scheme

## Plot

The episode began with Snowflake leading Luke to a short-cut along a steep hill; at the bottom they see a familiar *Alamosaurus* herd. Realizing it was Violet and her herd, they rushed to greet her. However, as Luke and Snowflake approached Violet, a young male *Brontosaurus* named "Austin" arrived, telling them that Violet was his friend, and no one else's. They inquire to Violet about Austin, and Violet explained that he does not like being around children he does not know. She told them that she was friends with him because of his bravery; he had protected his herd - who merged with hers a while back - from Predators in the past. Austin told them 3 stories about him saving his herd, which Snowflake and Luke do not believe, especially when Violet admitted that Austin's powerful defeated of Predators all happened before they met.

Snowflake had a perfect idea to have Joseph act like a predatory Predator in front of Austin and Violet, knowing that Austin, once asked to help, would be frightened away, thus exposing all of his lies. After several unsuccessful practice sessions, the crew succeeded in perfecting a fake Predator attack. They then put their plan into play, which worked exactly as planned, causing Austin to run away in fear. The others explained to Violet that Joseph was in fact nice to leaf eaters, and invite Ali to play. However, the plan backfired when Austin informed his herd of a vicious Predator in the valley. The *Alamosaurus* herd found Joseph and chased him away.

Eventually, the herd cornered Joseph, and as Brittney, the herd's leader, was about to do away with him, he tearfully begged Brittney not to hurt him. The *Alamosaurus* herd, not previously believing that Predators could speak, were distracted long enough that the other children could catch up with them and explain the situation. The Brittney became angry with Rhett upon learning that he was deceiving Violet, and she warned the other children about the consequences of trickery. As she made peace with Joseph and left, Austin began to leave with the herd, but he was called back by Luke; the nine children then play together.

## Featured Species

* *Alectrosaurus*
* *Alamosaurus*
Angel

## Familial information

### Family

Snowflake's Mother (best friend)
 Snowflake's Father (best friend)
Snowflake (niece)
Annika (daughter)
Milly and Molly (niece)

## Production

### Appearances

* The Amazing Dinosaur Adventure 11 Invasion of the Tinysauruses
* The Amazing Dinosaur Adventure 12 The Great Day of the Pterosaurs
* The Amazing Dinosaur Adventure 13 The Wisdom of Friends
* The TV series
Griffon

**Griffons** are creatures with a lion’s body and the head, talons and wings of an eagle. These beasts are actually larger than lions and hunt large cattle prey such as horses and cows. They are said to have a habit of carrying their victims back to their nests where they can stash their carcasses to feast on at their pleasure.
Tyrannotitan

***Tyrannotitan*** (meaning "tyrant titan") is a genus of carnivorous dinosaur of the carcharodontosaurid family from the Aptian stage of the early Cretaceous period, discovered in Argentina. It is closely related to other giant predators like *Carcharodontosaurus* and especially *Giganotosaurus* as well as *Mapusaurus*.

## Description

*Tyrannotitan* was a large animal, reaching 12.2–13 metres (40–43 ft) in length and 4.8–7 t (5.3–7.7 short tons) in body mass. It is geologically the oldest known giant carcharodontosaurid along with the more basal *Acrocanthosaurus* from North America (both found in Aptian-age rocks). Unlike other known carcharodontosaurids, this animal lacks skeletal pneumaticity extending into the sacral and caudal centra. The scapulocoracoid is fused, and much better developed than that of *Giganotosaurus* *carolinii*, yet the arm is very small. Most of the shaft of the scapula is missing.

The acromion curves about 90 degrees from the shaft axis, making it look vaguely tyrannosaurid-like. Whether the sharp difference between taxa is due to evolution or sexual dimorphism in poorly sampled populations of both species, has not been determined (the latter seems unlikely). A proximal caudal has a very tall neural spine (about twice the height of its centrum, judging by the figure). The base of the orbital fenestra is a notch of nearly 90 degrees into the body of the jugal, which contrasts with the rounded base restored for *Giganotosaurus* and agrees with *Carcharodontosaurus* favorably. The denticles on its teeth are "chisel-like", and are virtually identical to those of other carcharodontosaurids in having a wrinkled enamel surface, heavily serrated mesial and distal carinae, and labiolingually compressed (laterally flattened) crowns. The femur of the paratype specimen is 1.4 m (4.6 ft) long according to Novas *et al.* Canale *et al.* recover *Tyrannotitan* as deeply nested within the tribe Giganotosaurini as its most basal member. Characteristics that unite the Giganotosaurini include the presence of a postorbital process on the jugal with a wide base, and a derived femur with a weak fourth trochanter and a shallow broad extensor groove at the distal end.

## *Tyrannotitan* in The Amazing Dinosaur Adventure

A skeleton of a *Tyrannotitan* from *The Amazing Dinosaur Adventure 12 The Great Day of the Pterosaurs*
Cyclops

**Cyclops** are an ancient species, rumoured to be the ancestor of the primordial giant. They are the tallest giants, with some reaching over ten metres tall. They have a horn-like protrusion on their heads and wear little more than rags or loincloths. Brown bristles of hair grow in patches on their brown skin. These creatures make extremely tough opponents and will mercilessly attack intruders. They often make their territories on remote beaches.
Liopleurodon

***Liopleurodon*** (meaning "smooth-sided teeth") is a genus of large, carnivorous marine reptile belonging to the Pliosauroidea, a clade of short-necked plesiosaurs. The two species of *Liopleurodon* lived from the Callovian Stage of the Middle Jurassic to the Kimmeridgian stage of the Late Jurassic Period (c. 166 to 155 mya). It was the apex predator of the Middle to Late Jurassic seas that covered Europe. The largest species, *L. ferox*, is estimated to have grown up to 6.4 metres (21 ft) in length.

## Description

### Size

*Liopleurodon ferox* first came to the public attention in 1999 when it was featured in an episode of the BBC television series *Walking with Dinosaurs*, which depicted it as an enormous 25 m (82 ft) long predator; this was based on very fragmentary remains, and considered to be an exaggeration for *Liopleurodon*, with the calculations of 20-metre specimens generally considered dubious.

Estimating the size of pliosaurs is difficult because not much is known of their postcranial anatomy. The palaeontologist L. B. Tarlo suggested that their total body length can be estimated from the length of their skull which he claimed was typically one-seventh of the former measurement, applying this ratio to *L. ferox* suggests that the largest known specimen was a little over 10 m (33 ft) while a more typical size range would be from 5 to 7 m (16 to 23 ft). The body mass has been estimated at 1 and 1.7 t (2,200 and 3,700 lb) for the lengths 4.8 and 7 m (16 and 23 ft) respectively.

However, additional *Kronosaurus* specimens and a skeleton of *L. ferox*, GPIT 1754/2, show that their skulls were actually about one-fifth of their total body length. One specimen, CAMSMJ.27424, has an estimated total length of 6.39 m (21.0 ft). The largest known skull, NHM R3536, at 1.26 m (4.1 ft) in condylobasal length (1.54 m (5.1 ft) in overall length).

## *Liopleurodon* in The Amazing Dinosaur Adventure

*Liopleurodon* from the opening narration to *Journey Through the Mists*
The Amazing Dinosaur Adventure 15 The Great Mountain Adventure

## Plot

One summer day, in a big valley, there lived 8 Dinosaurs named "Luke, Sunflower, Tulip, Alex, Daisy, Snowflake, Joseph, and Mary". The 8 children spotted a Rainbow light far away into the Mysterious Beyond. The 6 children went into the Mysterious Beyond to investigate the light. As the 8 children then had walked off far away into the Mysterious Beyond, a very huge earthquake occurred. The 8 children made it to the other side by crossing a rock bridge over a really huge canyon. Once the earthquake had ended, the 8 children continued their really long journey. Then, the 6 children came across a very big magma field, but they soon had escaped as the geysers began blowing up. That night, the 6 children then noticed a good area for them to spend the night. The next day, the 8 children woke up, and they then continued their extremely long walk. Suddenly, a *Eustreptospondylus* then arrived, and she pursued the 8 children, but the 8 children escaped by going through a small cave.

The 8 children had arrived on the other side of the cave, and they spotted a huge area filled with a lot of crystals. As the 8 children were journeying through the crystal area, they also noticed lots of Rainbow crystals (which was causing the Rainbow light). The 8 children had decided to bring some of the Rainbow crystals home with them. The 8 children then picked the Rainbow crystals, and they started journeying back home. On the way home, the *Eustreptospondylus* then suddenly appeared, and she soon chased the 8 children. Luke and Sunflower had lured the *Eustreptospondylus* towards a large cliff above an ocean. Luke and Sunflower jumped out of the way, and the *Eustreptospondylus* fell off the cliff.

The 8 children continued journeying straight back to the valley. When the 8 children arrived in the valley, they went inside their shelter and placed all the Rainbow crystals down on the cave floor. The Rainbow crystals then lit up the cave, and the 8 children were so amazed by the colorful lights. The 8 children celebrated and they all lived happily ever after.

## Featured Species

* *Eustreptospondylus*
* *Stegosaurus*
* *Brachiosaurus*
* *Pteranodon*
* *Styracosaurus*
* *Alioramus*
Crystania: Legend of the Golden Gorge

**Crystania: Legend of the Golden Gorge** is a novel written by Satoshi Kurihara and illustrated by Jun Suemi. The book was released in April 1999 and is the twelfth novel in the Legend of Crystania series, the plot takes place in the year 6AD of the Crystania Calendar.

Thule, the Knight of Danan who died in the Emperor’s War was miraculously resurrected by the Ancient Gods. Failing in his mission, Thule has nowhere to go, he can't return home in shame and didn’t wish to spend idle days in the city of Sloop. Therefore, he assembles a party and sets out on a journey to gain fame and fortune, after meeting a mysterious woman named Latona who tells him of the Golden Gorge, a place that can fulfil Thule’s wish. Will Thule and his party overcome the various trials and reach the Golden George safely and once they are what will they discover?