Joan of Arc (1412-1431)

### Birthdate

Born in 1412. The exact date of her birth was not recorded, but it is generally accepted to be around January 6th.

### Born Place

Domrémy, in the Vosges of northeast France

### Education

Did not attend a proper school. She was taught by her mother, Isabel, and most of her education centred around Christianity and her beliefs.

### Family

Father: Jacques d'Arc
Mother: Isabelle Romée

Siblings: three brothers named Jacquemin, Pierre, and Jean, and a sister named Catherine

### Hair Color

Some sources suggest that she had brown hair, while others suggest that she had dark hair.

### Sexual Orientation

There are different opinions and theories about Joan of Arc's sexual orientation and gender identity. Some modern writers suggest that she may have been a lesbian or transgender.

### Best Known For

Her role as a military leader and national heroine of France during the Hundred Years' War.

## About

Joan of Arc, also known as Jeanne d'Arc, was born around 1412 in Domrémy, Bar, France. She was the youngest of a family of five and never learned to read or write, but was skilled in sewing and spinning. Joan claimed to be acting under divine guidance and became a military leader during the Hundred Years' War. She led the French army to victory over the British during the siege of Orléans and insisted on the coronation of Charles VII of France. Her achievements were a turning point in the Hundred Years' War and a decisive factor in the later awakening of French national consciousness. Joan was captured by the Burgundians and sold to the English, who imprisoned her before condemning her to death by burning as a relapsed heretic. She was burned at the stake on May 30, 1431, at Rouen. Central Church officials later nullified her excommunication, declaring her a martyr unjustly executed for a secular vendetta. Joan was beatified in 1909 and canonized in 1920. She is a patron saint of France and a national heroine, honoured as a defender of the French nation.

## Early Life and Education

Joan of Arc was born in Domremy, France, in 1412 to a family of pious Catholics who raised her in their faith. She grew up in a poor farming family and never went to school. Instead, she took care of the farm's animals and learned to sew and spin from her mother. At the age of 12, she began to hear the voices of Saint Michael, Saint Margaret, and Saint Catherine of Alexandria, instructing her to support Charles VII and recover France from English domination. She was later examined by church representatives before she was given the rank of captain and troops to lead. After she passed, Joan led the French army to victory over the British in the siege of Orléans and insisted on the coronation of Charles VII of France. She was later captured by the Burgundians and handed over to the English, who put her on trial and burned her at the stake as a heretic. She was later canonized as a saint of the Roman Catholic Church.

## Career

Joan of Arc's career was brief but significant. She was a military leader and national heroine of France during the Hundred Years' War. She received visions from God instructing her to support Charles VII and recover France from English domination. She led the French army to victory over the British in the siege of Orléans and insisted on the coronation of Charles VII of France. She was later captured by the Burgundians and handed over to the English, who put her on trial and burned her at the stake as a heretic.

## Controversies

Joan of Arc's life and legacy have been the subject of various controversies. During her lifetime, she was accused of various crimes, including heresy, sorcery, idolatry, apostasy, leaving the family home, and dressing as a man. After her death, her image has been used by different groups for various purposes, including the ultra-right movement in France. There have also been controversial claims surrounding her death, including theories that she was not burnt at the stake but lived to the age of 57 or that she was a man. However, recent research by forensic anthropologist Philippe Charlier suggests that the standard version of Joan of Arc's death — by being burnt as a witch by the English – appears to be right.

## Filmography

Joan of Arc has been an important figure in Western culture, and her story has been depicted in various works of literature, music, film, and television. There is a category of films about Joan of Arc on Wikipedia, which includes titles such as “The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc,” “The Passion of Joan of Arc,” and “Joan of Arc”.

## Awards and legacy

Joan of Arc's legacy has been significant in Western culture. She is considered a heroine of France for her role during the Lancastrian phase of the Hundred Years' War, and was canonized as a saint. Her victories reshuffled the deck of international politics at the time and influenced French tactics for the rest of the war. Joan of Arc has been the subject of numerous works in film, television, literature, and music. She has also been the recipient of various awards, including the Notable Children's Books award in 1999. Her image has been invoked by French politicians of all leanings, and she has been an inspiration to writers and composers such as William Shakespeare, Voltaire, and Giuseppe Verdi.

## Litigation

Joan of Arc was prosecuted by an ecclesiastical court on charges of heresy, sorcery, idolatry, apostasy, leaving the family home, and dressing as a man. She was found guilty and sentenced to death by burning at the stake. Her trial and execution have been the subject of much controversy and debate. Five original manuscripts of her condemnation trial surfaced in old archives during the nineteenth century, and historians located the complete records of her trial in the 20th century. A tribunal led by Inquisitor-General Brehal retried her case after the French won the war, and the new verdict overturned the original conviction and described the earlier proceeding as “corruption, cozenage, calumny, fraud, and malice”. In recent times, there has been a legal dispute over the board game “Time of Legends: Joan of Arc 1.5” by Mythic Games.

## Quotes

Joan of Arc is known for her inspiring quotes. Some of her famous quotes include: “I am not afraid; I was born to do this”, “One life is all we have, and we live it as we believe in living it. But to sacrifice what you are and to live without belief, that is a fate more terrible than dying”, and “Courage! Do not fall back. The Maid and her soldiers will have the victory”. She also said, “If I am not, may God put me there; and if I am, may God so keep me”, which has been interpreted as a statement of her virginity and purity. Her quotes have inspired many people throughout history and continue to be a source of inspiration today.

## See also

For further information about Joan of Arc, one can read a comprehensive story of her life, including major events, key people and terms, and important achievements1. There are also numerous essays and research topics about Joan of Arc, including her role in the Hundred Years' War, her trial, and death, her legacy, and her portrayal in literature and art. Additionally, one can find study questions about Joan of Arc's life and accomplishments.

## References

1. https://365daysoflesbians.tumblr.com/post/174405676674/may-30-joan-of-arc-1412-1431
2. https://archive.joan-of-arc.org/joanofarc\_short\_biography.html
3. https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/joan-of-arc/m046mm?hl=en
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Films\_about\_Joan\_of\_Arc
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-dressing,\_gender\_identity,\_and\_sexuality\_of\_Joan\_of\_Arc
6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabelle\_Romée
7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan\_of\_Arc
8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial\_of\_Joan\_of\_Arc
9. https://faithcounts.com/5-inspiring-lessons-of-faith-from-joan-of-arc/
10. https://gamefound.com/projects/mythic-games/time-of-legends-joan-of-arc-15/updates/1
11. https://glreview.org/article/article-577/
12. https://homework.study.com/explanation/how-many-siblings-did-joan-of-arc-have.html
13. https://hyperallergic.com/746319/the-misgendering-of-joan-of-arc/
14. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/joan-of-arc-essay-topics/
15. https://mrnussbaum.com/joan-of-arc-biography
16. https://nationaltoday.com/birthday/joan-of-arc-birthday/
17. https://qspirit.net/joan-of-arc-cross-dressing-lgbtq/
18. https://quotes.thefamouspeople.com/joan-of-arc-1858.php
19. https://saintjehannedarc.weebly.com/education.html
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22. https://study.com/learn/lesson/joan-of-arc-crime-importance.html
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38. https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08409c.htm
39. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Joan\_of\_Arc
40. https://www.normandythenandnow.com/a-mothers-love-faith-and-joan-of-arc/
41. https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/h907n1/do\_we\_know\_what\_joan\_of\_arc\_looked\_like/
42. https://www.sosyncd.com/database/joan-of-arc-personality-type-zodiac-sign-enneagram/
43. https://www.sparknotes.com/biography/joanofarc/mini-essays/
44. https://www.sparknotes.com/biography/joanofarc/section1/
45. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/dec/17/france.alexduvalsmith