recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Decoding exercises: "oo"

The sequence "oo" can be pronounced basically as /uː/ and /ʊ/. There are, of course, exceptions, noted below.

Many students are not aware that /uː/ and /ʊ/ are different phonemes. For them a prerequisite lesson is Pronunciation exercises: /uː/ vs /ʊ/.

## /uː/

**IPA consonants**

* boom - boost - boot - brood - choose - cool - coot - crooner - doom - drool - droop - food - fool - hoop - hoot - loop - loose - loot - mood - moon - moose - moot - noon - pool - proof - root - school - schooner - scoop - shoot - soon - spook - spool - snooker - snooze - stool - stoop - tool - toot - tooth - troop - zoom

Note that /ʊ/ cannot end a word. The following words necessarily end in /uː/. Stress marks added to facilitate pronunciation.

* bamˈboo - boo - ˈcuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/ - ˈigloo - kangaˈroo - moo - shamˈpoo - shoo - taˈboo - tatˈtoo - too - ˈvoodoo - ˈWaterloo *or* Waterˈloo - zoo

## /ʊ/

Only a few consonants can follow /ʊ/.

* /d/: childhood - good - hood - neighborhood*AmE* - neighbourhood*BrE* - stood - understood - wood
* /k/: book - brook - cook - crook - hook - look - rook - shook - took
* /l/: wool
* /t/: foot - soot

For some people /f/ and /m/ can be added to the above consonants (see "/uː/ or /ʊ/" below).

* /f/: hoof - roof
* /m/: broom - groom - room

## /uː/ or /ʊ/

In the 1920s and earlier the more usual pronunciation of *room* was probably /rʊm/. In the United Kingdom in 1988, 81% pronounced /ruːm/. In the United States in 1993 the figure was higher: 93%.

Other examples: bedroom - blooming *(swear word)* - broom - groom - hoof - mushroom - roof - room - roomy - root *(only as a variant in American English)*

## Exceptions

* /ɔː/: door - floor

* /ɔː/*BrE* or /ʊə/: poor

* /ʌ/: blood - flood

Different syllables
* /əʊ ɒ/: cooperate - cooperation - zoologist - zoology
* /əʊ ə/: zoological
* /əʊ ɔː/: coordinate - coordination - microorganism

Two different words
* no one (\*noone *is a misspelling)*

## Homophones

* root /ruːt, rʊt*AmE*/ - route /ruːt, raʊt*AmE*/; shoe - shoo; too - two; wood - would;

## References

1. ↑ John Well's phonetic blog, room, now and then, 22 September 2010.
2. ↑ https://dictionary.com/browse/hoof
3. ↑ https://dictionary.com/browse/roof
4. ↑ https://dictionary.com/browse/root
Decoding exercises: "urr"

The letter U in the sequence "urr" normally sounds /ʌ/ in Received Pronunciation (as in h**u**rry) and in derived words it sounds /ɜː/ as in f**u**rry.

In General American /ʌr/*BrE* normally sounds /ɜːr/. See IPA phoneme /ɜː/.

## Common words

* RP /ʌ/, GA /ɜː/: current, currency, hurry
* RP and GA /ɜː/: occurred, occurring
* As /ə/: surround

## Less common words

* RP /ʌ/, GA /ɜː/: burrow, burrowing, concurrence, concurrent, currant, curry, flurry, hurricane, recurrence, surreptitious, surrogate
* RP and GA /ɜː/: blurred, blurring, blurry, concurred, concurring, furry, purr, purred, purring, recurred, recurring
* As /ə/: curriculum, hurrah, insurrection, resurrection, surreal, surrender, surroundings
* As /ʊ/: burrito

## See also

* Decoding the letter U
* Decoding the letter R
* Decoding exercises: "ur"
IPA phoneme \d\

In Received Pronunciation and in General American, the IPA phonetic symbol **/d/** corresponds to the initial consonant sound in words like "day", and "dream" and the final one in "bad" and "made".

This phoneme is very consistently spelled "d", however the letter "d" is pronounced /t/ in the past tense of verbs: "guessed" /ɡest/.

/d/ is a voiced consonant; its unvoiced counterpart is IPA phoneme /t/. Bettwen vowels /t/ and /d/ may get neutralized as [ɾ] (a voiced consonant called alveolar flap). Then "butter" may be pronounced [ˈbʌɾər] and "ladder" may be pronounced [ˈlæɾər].

## Common words

Some common words which practice the initial pronunciation of **/d/** include the following:

* daisy, day, deal, deer, development, different, dinosaur, dolphin, down, dress, duck, during

Some common words which practice the mid-position pronunciation of **/d/** include the following:

* already, body, condition, consider, idea, ladder, model, order, product, study, today, under

Some common words which practice the final position pronunciation of **/d/** include the following:

* bad, bed, child, feed, find, God, good, hide, include, mood, need, old, provide, side, wood

## Assimilation

/sd/ may be pronounced /st/ in some words: the /d/ is devoiced because /s/ is unvoiced. This happended centuries ago with past tense pronunciation.

* disdain /dɪsˈdeɪn, dɪˈsteɪn/

## /d.d/

Normally double "d" is pronounced as a single /d/ (as in "address" or "middle"). In the following examples two /d/'s are pronounced.

* headdress, midday

Another example of /d.d/

* upside-down

## Anticipated pronunciation difficulties depending on L1

### Spanish

The main difficulty is the difference between **/d/** and **/ð/**. See IPA phoneme /ð/.

## References

1. ↑ *Dictionary.com Unabridged.* Random House, Inc., disdain.

## See also

* Decoding the letter D
* Past tense pronunciation
* Pronunciation exercises: /d/ vs /ð/
* Pronunciation exercises: /d/ vs /t/

## External links

* British Library, Received Pronunciation consonant sounds
IPA phoneme \ɑː\

This phonetics article is valid in most of the English speaking world. For a specific article for British English and Received Pronunciation see **Phoneme /ɑː/ in Received Pronunciation**. For American English see **Phoneme /ɑː/ in General American**.

**IPA consonants**

The IPA phonetic symbol **/ɑː/** corresponds to the vowel sound in words like "start", "art", "palm" and "spa".

In Received Pronunciation, **/ɑː/** corresponds to the vowel sound in words like "bath" and "ask", in addition to "start", "art", "palm" and "spa". See also Phoneme /ɑː/ in Received Pronunciation.

In General American this phoneme is present in "lot" and "stop" in addition to "start", "art", "palm" and "spa". See also Phoneme /ɑː/ in General American and IPA phoneme /ɒ/.

In Received Pronunciation /ɑːr/ is pronounced [ɑː] unless it is followed by a vowel, i.e. the "r" is normally silent unless it is followed by a vowel.

In General American the "r" is always pronounced.

There are places in the United Kingdom where the "r" is pronounced, and places in North America where it is not pronounced.

The remainder of this article is valid both for Received Pronunciation and General American. See Phoneme /ɑː/ in Received Pronunciation and Phoneme /ɑː/ in General American for more examples.

## Common words

Some common words which practice the pronunciation of /ɑː/ include the following:

* with "**a**": father
* with "**ar**": apart, are /ər, ɑːr/, aren't, argue /ˈɑːrɡjuː/, argument, arm, army, art, article, artist, bar, car, card, carpet, charge, charm, chart, dark, department, far, farm, garden, guard /ɡɑːrd/, guitar, hard, harm, large, march, mark, market, park, part, partner, party, regard, remark, sharp, smart, star, start, target /ˈtɑːrɡɪt/, yard

* others: heart, our /ɑːr, ˈaʊər/

## Less common words

* with "a": avocado /ˌævəˈkɑːdəʊ, ˌɑːvəˈkɑːdəʊ/, balm, bra, gar**a**ge, kar**a**te, l**a**ma, l**a**va, ll**a**ma, Nazi, origami, palm, piñ**a**ta, psalm, soprano, spa, tsunami
* with "ar": aria, guitarist, safari, sari
* "oi" as /wɑː/: bourgeoisie, repertoire

Spelling anomalies: clerk /klɑːrk/*BrE* (AmE is /klɜːrk/), sergeant /ˈsɑːrdʒənt/

## Proper nouns

### People

* /ɑː/: Bach, Brahms, Dali *anglicised pronunciation* /ˈdɑːliː/, *Catalan pronunciation* /dəˈliː/; Barack Obama /bəˈrɑːk əʊˈbɑːmə/, Picasso
* /ɑːr/: Arthur, Barbara, Carl, Charles, Margaret, Mark, Martha

### Geography

* /ɑː/: Azerbaijan /ˌæzərbaɪˈdʒɑːn/, Caracas /kəˈrɑːkəs/, Colorado /kɒləˈrædəʊ, kɒləˈrɑːdəʊ/, Guatemala /ˌgwɑːtəˈmɑːlə/, Iran /ɪˈrɑːn, ɪˈræn/, La Paz /lə ˈpɑːz/, Managua /məˈnɑːgwə/, Osaka /əʊˈsɑːkə/, Pakistan /ˈpækɪstæn, pɑkɪˈstɑn/, Panama /ˈpænəˌmɑː/, Santiago /ˌsæntɪˈɑːgəʊ/, Taiwan /ˈtaɪˈwɑːn/, Utah /ˈjuːtɔː, ˈjuːtɑː/
* /ɑːr/: Argentina, Arkansas /ˈɑːrkənˌsɔː/, Armenia, Cardiff, Denmark

## External links

* British Library, Vowel sounds of Received Pronunciation
Pronunciation exercises: \dʒ\ vs \j\

**/dʒ/** is a consonant. **/j/** is a semivowel.

The sounds of /j/ and /dʒ/ cannot be confused at the end of the word. For example "badge" /bædʒ/ and "by" /baj/ sound very differently. Moreover, in this wiki we transcribe "by" as /baɪ/. For these reasons we won't show words ending in /dʒ/.

We don't consider /dʒ/ after a consonant (such as "danger" /deɪndʒər/), because /j/ after a consonant is very different (nobody would pronounce "onion" as \*/ˈʌndʒən/ instead of /ˈʌnjən/).

## /dʒ/

* At the beginning of the word: job, join, join, joke, journalist, journey, judge, jump, just, justice, gender, gene, general, gentleman, giant

* In the middle of the word: agent, budget, imagine, intelligence, manager, major, original, project, region, register, religious, reject

## /j/

* Europe - uniform - unique - use - usually - yard - year - yellow - yes - yesterday - yet - yield - York - you - young - your - youth
* beyond /bɪˈjɒnd,  biˈɒnd/

## IPA phonetic symbol [j]

Some linguists spell
/aɪ/ as /aj/ or /ɑj/,
/eɪ/ as /ej/ or /ɛj/,
/iː/ as /ij/ or /ɪj/ and
/ɔɪ/ as /oj/ or /ɔj/.
This is consistent with the tendency of some learners to replace [j] by [dʒ] as in "player" pronounced as \*/ˈpledʒər/ instead of /ˈpleɪər/.

## /dʒ/ vs /j/

* Jack - yak; jello - yellow; jet - yet; Jew - you; Jews - use *(v.);* job - yob*BrE* *(rude male);* joke - yolk; juice - use *(n.)*

## References

1. ↑ Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, beyond.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Dictionary.com. Random House, Inc. beyond.
3. ↑ Geoff Lindsey, The British English vowel system, 8 March 2012.
Oxford Dictionaries

Oxford University Press has all its dictionaries in https://languages.oup.com/. In this page we document the English dictionaries in https://www.lexico.com/ (powered by Oxford).

## Pronunciation key

**IPA consonants**

This key complements https://www.lexico.com/grammar/key-to-pronunciation.

Symbol not used in the dictionary
The obsolete IPA ligature /ʤ/ is present in the A Key To English Pronunciations but in the dictionary entries the current IPA digraph /dʒ/ is used.

## External links

* Oxford Languages Homepage
* Lexico.com - English Dictionary, Thesaurus, & Grammar Help
Decoding the letter X

The letter **X**, lowercase **x** (pronounced /eks/) normally represents the sounds /ks/. Sometimes it represents /gz/ and at the beginning of the word it represents /z/. There are also other, less common pronunciations.

**IPA consonants**

## As /ks/

* At the end of the word: box - complex - fix - fox - index - lynx - matrix - mix - ox - relax - sex - six - tax
* Before a consonant: context - excavation - exchange - exclusive - excuse - expand - expect - expensive - experience - expert - explain - explore - export - express - extend - extinguisher - extra - mixture - next - Oxford - text
* Between vowels (the preceding vowel is stressed): boxer - galaxy - exercise - exhibition - Mexico - pixel - saxophone - taxi - Texas - toxic - tuxedo
* "xc" as /ks/: excel - excellent - except - excess - excite

## As /gz/

* Between vowels (the following vowel is stressed): auxiliary - Alexander - exact - exaggerate - exam - examination - examine - example - executive - exhaust - exhibit - exist - existence - exotic - exuberant

## As /kʃ/

* anxious, complexion, luxury, obnoxious, sexual

## Variant pronunciations

* exile: /ˈeksaɪl/ or /ˈegzaɪl/
* exit: /ˈeksɪt/ or /ˈegzɪt/

## Minimal pairs

* lynx - link; next - nest; six - sick; text - test;

## Double X

Double X is normally not used. For example, the past tense of "tax" is "taxed", not "taxxed".

Exceptions
These are informal words.

* anti-vaxxer /ˌænti ˈvæksər/, un-vaxxed /ʌnˈvækst/

## Informal spelling

* pix: pics, a shortening of pictures
* thanx: thanks
* thx: an abbreviation of thanks
Decoding exercises: "ng"

**IPA consonants**

Together with the article on possible pronunciation difficulties, this page sets out some common words than can be used to become more aware of how to sound out more correctly the different sounds corresponding to words containing "ng".

In English, both in Received Pronunciation and in General American, "ng" often corresponds to the final consonant sound of IPA phonetic symbol **/ŋ/** in words like "sang", "sing", "song" and "sung" and, of course -ing forms. However, not all words with "ng" have that **/ŋ/**: cf. *angle* and *angel*.

## As /ŋ/

* with **/æ/**: bang - gang - hang - hanger - hanging - rang - sang - slang
* with **/ɪ/**: bring - during - evening - king - morning - ring - sing - singer - spring - sting - string - swing - thing - wing - wring
* with **/ɒ/***BrE* or **/ɔː/***AmE*: along - belong - long - song - strong - wrong
* with **/ʌ/**: among - hung - lung - sung - tongue - young

## As /ŋg/

* with /æ/: anger - angle - angry - language - languid - tangle
* with /e/: penguin
* with /ɪ/: bingo - finger - linger - single
* with /ɒ/: mongoose
* with /ʌ/: fungus - hunger - hungry - mongrel
* Comparatives

* with /ɒ,*BrE* ɔː*AmE*/: longer/longest - stronger/strongest
* with /ʌ/: younger/youngest

## As /ng/

In careful pronunciation it is possible to pronounce [ng]. However often these words are pronounced [ŋg]. See IPA phoneme /n/ § Assimilation.

* congratulate - downgrade - engage - engrave - ingrown - ongoing - ungrateful

## As /ŋk/

* length /leŋkθ, leŋθ/ - strength /streŋkθ, streŋθ/

## As /ndʒ/

* mid-position pronunciation of /n/ + **/dʒ/**: angel - bungee - danger - engine - engineer - laryngitis - passenger
* final pronunciation of /ndʒ/: arrange - binge - challenge - change - fringe - hinge - lounge - orange - range - revenge - singe - sponge - strange - whinge*BrE* *(complain)*

## Homophones

*See main article Homophone.*

* hangar - hanger; ring - wring

## Others

* "fungi" can be pronounced /ˈfʌŋɡaɪ/; /ˈfʌndʒaɪ/ or /ˈfʌndʒɪ/
* "lingerie" can be pronounced /ˌlɑnʒəˈreɪ,*AmE* ˈlænʒəˌri/ or /ˈlændʒəˌri/
* The Vietnamese last name Nguyen is anglicized as /wɪn/

## Anticipated pronunciation difficulties depending on L1

### Spanish

Many Spanish speakers habitually pronounce sing as \*/sɪŋg/ instead of /sɪŋ/ and doubt if it is /ˈæŋgər/ or \*/ˈændʒər/.

## References

1. ↑ *Collins English Dictionary,* length
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 *Dictionary.com Unabridged.* Random House, Inc., strength
3. ↑ *Collins English Dictionary,* strength
4. ↑ *Collins English Dictionary,* fungi
5. ↑ BBC News, Vietnam: Where saying 'I love you' is impossible, section 10 *Half of Vietnamese share a surname few foreigners can pronounce*

## External links

* British Library, Received Pronunciation consonant sounds
Decoding exercises: "ee"

The sequence "ee" very reliably represents IPA phoneme /iː/. The sequence "eer" very reliably represents /ɪər/. This page sets out some words that can be used to become more aware of how you can sound out more correctly the different sounds corresponding to words containing "ee".

## /iː/

* agree - bee - beet - between - cheese - deed - deep - degree - employee - fee - feed - feel - feet - free - freedom - green - indeed - keep - leek - meet - need - peel - proceed - screen - see - seek - seem - sleep - speech - speed - street - sweet - teen - three - tree - week - wheel

* For unstressed /iː/ see Pronunciation exercises: /ɪ/ vs /iː/ § Unstressed syllable.

bungee - coffee - committee - Yankee
* Homophones: beet - beat - meet - meat; peek - peak; see - sea; steel - steal; week - weak;

## /ɪə/

* beer - career - deer - engineer - peer - volunteer

* Homophones: deer - dear

## Two syllables

* /ɪɪ/: reelect *or* re-elect
* /iːe/: preemptive *or* pre-emptive

## See also

* Decoding the letter E
* Decoding exercises: "ea"
Lexical sets

A **lexical set** is a set of words which are pronounced with the same vowel in each of the reference accents. The name of the set is a keyword selected from the set, and written in SMALL CAPS. Non-standard lexical sets are shown in bold.

## Original lexical sets

**IPA consonants**

John Wells invented the following lexical sets for Received Pronunciation and General American.

(\*) The FORCE vowel is a separate phoneme (/oː/ sounding [oː] or [oə]) in very few locations, and it is not currently present in General American. John Wells said it was present in General American in then-current reference books. This is useful for other dialects, such as Scotish English or Irish English, which have the FORCE phoneme as well.

## Adapted table

If we consider the Cot-caught merger, the Mary-marry-merry merger and other mergers (mirror-nearer, hurry-furry) we have the following table for stressed vowels.

(r) is silent before a consonant and at the end of the word.

## Lexical sets sorted by type of syllable

(VrV) The words including VrV in this column are compound words (or recent loans), except for rows PRICE and MOUTH (examples "spiral" and "dowry")

# is the end of the word

## Lexical sets in other parts of the United States

If we consider the marry-merry merger and the cot-caught merger the lexical sets are distributed as follows.

## Unstressed vowels

Wells also describes three sets of words based on their word-final unstressed vowels.

 lettER | /ə(r)/ | /ər/ | beggar, martyr, visor, murmur, future

## References

1. ↑ Wikipedia, Lexical set; They cite Wells (1982) p. 118.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 John C. Wells, John Wells's phonetic blog, lexical sets, 1 February 2010.
3. ↑ John C. Wells (1982). *Accents of English I: An Introduction.* Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press.
4. ↑ Wikipedia Lexical set § Unstressed vowels.
Decoding the letter R

**IPA consonants**

The letter **R**, lowercase **r** (pronounced /ɑːr/) represents IPA phoneme /r/. For examples see IPA phoneme /r/.

R normally modifies the sound of the vowel letters preceding it in comparison to the sound that those letters have before other consonants.

For single vowels there are three sounds:

* Long monophthong as /ɑː/ in start, sari, starry, starred, starring
* Rhotic diphthong as /eə/ in square, scary
* Short or normal sound, which is present before any consonant, as /æ/ in trap, carry, arid

For intervocalic "r" there are two spelling patterns for three sounds. As an example we put the table for "a". V is any vowel.

 /eər/ | scary | N/A

Below there is a complete table for all vowels. Cells in yellow indicate that there are very few examples.

(\*) Exceptional sound for this spelling

## Examples of intervocalic R

In the table below we show many examples of intervocalic R and the corresponding rhotic vowel sounds when the spelling uses one vowel letter.

## R in combinations

* "rh" sounds like "r"

rhinoceros - rhyme - rhythm
* "wr" sounds like "r"

wrap - wrapper - wrist - write - wrong
## See also

* Rhotic and non-rhotic accent
* Decoding exercises: "ar"
* Decoding exercises: "arr"
* Decoding exercises: "arV" and "arrV"
* Decoding exercises: "er"
* Decoding exercises: "err"
* Decoding exercises: "erV" and "errV"
* Decoding exercises: "ir"
* Decoding exercises: "irr"
* Decoding exercises: "irV", "yrV", "irrV" and "yrrV"
* Decoding exercises: "or"
* Decoding exercises: "orr"
* Decoding exercises: "orV" and "orrV"
* Pronunciation exercises: /ɒrV/ vs /ɔːrV/
* Decoding exercises: "ur"
* Decoding exercises: "urr"
* Decoding exercises: "urV" and "urrV"
Decoding exercises: "ai"

The sequence "ai" very reliably represents the diphthong /eɪ/. The sequence "air" very reliably represents the dipthong /eər/. This page sets out some words that can be used to become more aware of how you can sound out more correctly the different sounds corresponding to words containing "ai".

## /eɪ/

* Adelaide, afraid, aid, aim, available, brain, campaign, chain, claim, complain, contain, daily, detail, entertain, explain, fail, faith, gain, hail, Haiti, jail, mail, main, Maine, maintain, paid, pain, paint, rail, rain, raise, remain, retail, snail, Spain, stain, straight, train, trait, wait

* Homophones: mail - male; main - Maine - mane; raise - rays; waist - waste; wait - weight;

## /eə/

* affair - air - chair - fair - hair - pair - repair - stair

* Homophones: fair - fare; hair - hare; pair - pear; stair - stare

## /ə/

* bargain - captain - certain - curtain - fountain - mountain - villain

## Variant pronunciations

* As /e/ or /eɪ/: again - against
* portrait /ˈpɔːrtreɪt,*BrE* , ˈpɔːrtrət/

## Spelling anomalies

* As /e/: said
* As /aɪ/: Azerbaijan /ˌæzərbaɪˈdʒɑːn/ - Hawaii /həˈwaɪiː/ - Taiwan - Thailand
Decoding exercises: "ch"

In English "ch" normally corresponds to the IPA phonetic symbol **/tʃ/** in words like "church" or "match". Many words have "ch" sounding /k/ (such as *choir*, of Greek origin) and words derived from French may have a **/ʃ/** sound, such as *champagne*.

**IPA consonants**

## As /tʃ/

* as "ch": approach - beach - chair - challenge - change - charity - cheap - check - chief - child - choice - choose - church - each - launch - lunch - much - purchase - reach - research - rich - search - speech - teacher - touch - which
* as "tch": catch - kitchen - match - pitch - stretch - switch - watch

## As /k/

* anchor - architecture - archive - chaos - character - charisma - chemical - chemistry - choir - Christian - Christopher - chrome - echo - headache - mechanism - Michael - orchestra - psychology - schedule*AmE* - scheme - school - stomach - technique - technology

Variant spellings
* mic - mike *(truncations of "michrophone")*

## As /ʃ/

* brochure - champagne - chauffeur - chef - Chicago - machine - Michelle - Michigan - moustache*BrE* - mustache*AmE* - parachute - schedule*BrE*

Homophones: cache - cash

## Variant pronunciations

* schedule: /ˈʃedjuːl,*BrE* ˈskedʒuːl*AmE*/

### As /dʒ/

* sandwich: /ˈsænwɪtʃ, ˈsænwɪdʒ*BrE*/
* spinach: /ˈspɪnɪtʃ, ˈspɪnɪdʒ*BrE*/
* Greenwich /ˈgrɪnɪdʒ, ˈgrɪnɪtʃ, ˈgrenɪtʃ, ˈgrenɪdʒ/
* Norwich /ˈnɒrɪdʒ, ˈnɒrɪtʃ/

## Anticipated pronunciation difficulties depending on L1

### Spanish

Many Spanish speakers will pronounce "ch" just like in Spanish, i.e. /tʃ/. This is particularly true of /ʃ/ (as in *champagne)* because this sound does not exist in Spanish.

Cognates that have /k/ in Spanish and /tʃ/ in English
Most cognates that have "ch" pronounced as /k/ in English (such as "echo") are also pronounced with /k/ in Spanish *(eco)*. The following words are confusing because /k/ in Spanish is /tʃ/ in English.

* archer - *arquero;* channel - *canal;* charity - *caridad;* cherub - *querube, querubín* (a type of angel);

Cognates that have /tʃ/ in Spanish and /k/ in English
The following words are confusing because /tʃ/ in Spanish is /k/ in English.

* archive - *archivo;*

## External links

* British Library, Received Pronunciation consonant sounds
Decoding exercises: \əʊl\

The sequence /əʊl/ can have several spellings. See also IPA phoneme /əʊ/.

## Examples

Some words which practice the pronunciation of /əʊl/ include the following:

* with **"o"**+magic e: casserole, console, flagpole, hole, parole, role, pole, stole, whole
* with **"ol"** at the end of the word: control, patrol
* with **"ol"** followed by a vowel: Angola, cola, colon, condolence, foliage, granola, guacamole, molar, Poland, polar, proletarian, solar, viola
* with **"ol"** followed by a consonant: bolt, colt, jolt, soldier, volt

* with **"oll"**: poll, roll, scroll, stroll, toll, troll

* with **"oa"**: charcoal, coal, goal
* with **"ou"**: shoulder, soul
* with **"ow"**: bowl

Homophones: hole - whole; pole - poll; role - roll; sole - soul;

## /əʊld/

Many of the instances of the sequence /əʊl/ are followed by /d/ in the same syllable, and many of them are past tenses of verbs.
Some words which practice the pronunciation of /əʊld/ include the following:

* with **"ol"**: bold, cold, fold, gold, hold, old, scold

* past tense of irregular verbs: sold, told

* with **"oul",***BrE* **"ol"***AmE*: mould

Past tense of regular verbs:

* with **"o"**+magic e: holed, paroled, poled
* with **"oll"**: controlled, patrolled, polled, rolled, scrolled, strolled, tolled, trolled
* with **"ow"**: bowled

Homophones: poled - polled; tolled - told;

## These words don't end with the same vowel

* /əʊ/ - /ɒ/: control - alcohol; roll - doll
* /əʊ/ - /ə/: control - petrol
* /əʊ/ - /aʊ/: bowl - owl; soul - foul;
* /əʊl/ - /əʊliː/: hole - guacamole

## See also

* Decoding written words
* Decoding exercises: "ow"
* Decoding the letter O
* Magic e
English is not German

When we speak a language we always use the phonemes of that language, even if we are saying loanwords. For example, *wiener* in English is /ˈwiːnər/ and not [ˈviːnə] (besides, in German it would be *Wiener*, with capital W). Similarly *laptop* in German is pronounced ['lɛptɔp] and not /ˈ'læptɒp/ (similar but different vowels). This is more obvious in words that share a common origin. For example *wolf* is /wʊlf/ in English and [vɔlf] in German, and practically nobody uses the German pronunciation when speaking in English or the other way around.

If you speak German you should remember that **English is not German**, particularly in names of cities, movies, and concepts that don't exist in English (such as *bratwurst)*. This works also when using English names or concepts in German, like when you say *Die Homepage* pronounced [diː 'hoːmpeːtʃ].

## Best shot

Ideally a word should have the best possible adaptation, but not better. For example, a reasonable adaptation of the word *Müsli* (English "muesli") is /ˈmjusliː/. The correct German pronunciation [ˈmyːsli] sounds artificial and should not be used in an English conversation. Since /ˈmjusliː/ is the recognized pronunciation (along with /ˈmjuzliː/), a better approximation, as is /ˈmɪsliː/, is not recommended.

## Distorted words

Sometimes words are distorted, either because their pronunciation is difficult or because they are pronounced according to different rules (e.g., spelling pronunciation). For example, the word "wiener" in German has an initial /v/ and in English it is pronounced with /w/.

## Accepted pronunciation and less common words or proper names

If a word is common it will have an accepted pronunciation. For example, Hamburg has the accepted pronunciation /ˈhæmbɜːrg/. Pronouncing /ˈhɑːmbʊərk/ (best shot) or [ˈhambʊʁk] (native pronunciation) would sound pretentious. Less common names or words (for example, your own name, or the name of a typical dish) can be pronounced with a best shot. If you are a native speaker of German the native accent will not sound pretentious, but you might not be understood.

## References

1. ↑ Collins German-English Dictionary, laptop.
2. ↑ Kraut's English phonetic blog, Phonetic difficulties of German EFL learners - pt. 1, 3 August 2015.

## See also

* English is not French
* English is not Italian
* English is not Spanish
Phoneme \æ\ in General American

This phonetics article is adapted for General American. For British English and Received Pronunciation please see **IPA phoneme /æ/** and **Phoneme /ɑː/ in Received Pronunciation**.

In General American the IPA phoneme **/æ/** corresponds to the vowel sound in words like "trap", "hat" and "brand" and also in "bath", "laugh" and "ask".

In Received Pronunciation, **/æ/** corresponds to the vowel sound in words like "trap", "hat" and "brand". In
"bath", "laugh" and "ask" /ɑː/ is used.

The IPA phonetic symbol **[æ]** corresponds to the /æ/ sound as pronounced by an American. The same phoneme has the sound [a] in Received Pronunciation, and that is the controversial notation used by the *Concise Oxford Dictionary*.

In this wiki a broad notation is used. This means that the difference between American [æ] and British [a] is not important, and both pronunciations are rendered as /æ/. Slashes are used for broad notation and brackets are used for narrow notation.

This phoneme is informally called **“short a”** or **the short sound of the letter a**. Better pronounceable names are **the TRAP vowel** and **the vowel of TRAP.**

## Common words

Some common words which practice the pronunciation of **/æ/** include the following:

* with "**a**": act, actually, add, after,*AmE* and, ankle, ant, ask,*AmE* back, band, bad, bat, bath,*AmE* can, can't,*AmE* class,*AmE* dance,*AmE* draft,*AmE* example,*AmE* fact, family, half,*AmE* hand, happen, have, land, l**a**nguage, last,*AmE* man, past,*AmE* plan, rather,*AmE* sad, staff,*AmE* stand, task,*AmE* thank, trap, understand, value
* with "**au**": aunt,*AmE* laugh*AmE*

* homophones: ant - aunt*AmE*; band - banned

## Spelling

/æ/ is always followed by one or more consonants. In derived words a single consonant is usually doubled (plan - planned; dad - daddy).

## Spelling anomalies

* meringue /məˈræŋ/, plaid /plæd/, timbre /ˈtæmbər/

## Heteronyms

* patent

/ˈpætənt/: right to make an invention
/ˈpeɪtənt/: obvious, evident

## /ærV/

In North America the sequence /ær/ followed by a vowel (as in "marry") is often pronounced /er/ (as in "merry") or /eər/ (as in Mary).

See Mary-marry-merry merger and Decoding exercises: "arV" and "arrV".

The following words appear with NAmE /ær/ in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary.

* apparent, barrier, character, characteristic, carry, comparison, embarrass, guarantee, Harry, marriage, marry, narrative, narrow

The following words appear with NAmE /er, ær/ in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary.

* variable, various, vary

## Anticipated pronunciation difficulties depending on L1

### Spanish

See Pronunciation exercises: /ʌ/ vs /æ/ § Spanish.

## References

1. ↑ IPA vowel symbols for British English in dictionaries, section 6. /a/ versus /ӕ/
Archaeamphora

***Archaeamphora*** — род вымерших цветковых растений, представленный единственным видом ***Archaeamphora longicervia.***

Это род в связи со схожим с строением кувшинчиков был отнесен к семейству Саррацениевые, что делает его самым ранним плотоядным растением из известных. *Archaeamphora*также является одним из трёх старейших родов покрытосеменных.
Лепидодендрон

**Лепидодендрон** — род вымерших древоподобных плауновидных растений, существовавший в каменноугольном периоде и составлявший часть флоры угольных лесов. Высота растения, по данным палеобиологии, составляла от 10 до 35 м, диаметр ствола — до 1 м. Верхняя часть ствола богато ветвилась, на ней росло множество листьев, присоединявшихся к поверхности лепидодендрона напрямую, без черешков. Листья растения, треугольные в сечении и длиной до 1 м, постепенно опадали, оставляя на стволе и ветвях свои основания, или «подушечки».
Nick Splat Wiki

NickSplat'*(formerly **The '90s Are All That** and later **The Splat**) is a programming block that airs nightly on TeenNick. The block shows reruns of classic mid-late 1980s, 1990s, and early-mid 2000s children's programming, mostly shows that aired on Nickelodeon during their original runs. The block airs seven hours, running every night from 11 p.m. to 6 a.m.[1]Its name and logo comes from Nickelodeon's historic logo, a white brush-printed wordmark on an amorphous orange background (often manifested as a "splat" shape, but which was frequently rendered in many others), which the network used from 1984 to 2009.*
Стреблориза

**Стреблориза** — монотипный род растений семейства бобовые. Единственный вид — **Стреблориза прекрасная** растение встречалось только на острове Филиппины и исчезло в середине XIX века. Использовалась в качестве декоративного растения, в начале XIX века в Европе считалась самым модным оранжерейным растением.
English is not French

When we speak a language we always use the phonemes of that language, even if we are saying loanwords. For example, *élite* in English is /eɪˈliːt/ or /ɪˈliːt/ and not [elit] (besides, the normal spelling is "elite", without acute accent). Similarly *football* in French is pronounced [futbol] and not /ˈfʊtbɔːl/ (similar but different vowels). This is more obvious in words that share a common origin (i.e. they are loanwords from Latin or another language). For example *nation* is /ˈneɪʃən/ in English and [nasjɔ̃] in French, and practically nobody uses the French pronunciation when speaking in English or the other way around.

If you speak French you should remember that **English is not French**, particularly in names of cities, movies, and concepts that don't exist in English (such as *bouillabaisse* or *gendarme)*. This works also when using English names or concepts in French, like when you say *je suis allé à Washington* or *j'ai bu un milk-shake*).

## Best shot

Ideally a word should have the best possible adaptation, but not better. For example, good adaptations of the pseudonym "Le Corbusier" are /lə kɔːrbɪˈzjeɪ/ and /lə kɔːrbjuːˈzjeɪ/. The correct French pronunciation [lə kɔʁbyzje] sounds artificial and should not be used in an English conversation.

## With reduced vowels

The best shot for *bouillabaise* is /buːjɑːˈbes/. However the real pronunciation doesn't sound so foreign: /ˌbuːjəˈbeɪs/. Anglicised words have /ə/ or /ɪ/ in unstressed syllables. Note that in this case /ˌbuːjəˈbes/ would have been (arguably) better.

## Distorted words

Sometimes words are distorted, either because their pronunciation is difficult or because they are pronounced according to different rules (e.g., spelling pronunciation). For example, in American English the word "lingerie" (French [lɛ̃ʒʁi]) is pronounced /ˌlɑːn ʒəˈreɪ/, which is very different because of pseudo-French pronunciation. In British English a better adaptation is used /ˈlænʒəriː/. The best shots would be /lenʒəˈriː/ or /lenʒˈriː/.

## Accepted pronunciation and less common words or proper names

If a word is common it will have an accepted pronunciation. For example, the word "café", sometimes spelled "cafe" has the standard pronunciations /ˈkæfeɪ,*BrE* kæˈfeɪ,*AmE* kəˈfeɪ*AmE*/. Pronouncing /kɑːˈfeɪ/ (best shot) or [kafe] (native pronunciation) would sound pretentious. Less common names or words (for example, your own name, or the name of a typical dish) can be pronounced with a best shot. If you are a native speaker of French the native accent will not sound pretentious, but you might not be understood (as shown in the external link).

## See also

* English is not German
* English is not Italian
* English is not Spanish

## External links

* Blog *Dessine-moi un expat*, Clementine, Quand tu vis à l’étranger et que tu dois prononcer un mot français, 12 May 2017.
Плевромейя

**Плевромейя** — род вымерших споровых растений класса Полушниковых. Ископаемые остатки рода найдены в триасовых отложениях, плевромейя господствовала в раннем триасе по всей Евразии и в некоторых других регионах. Её осадочная составляющая в моноспецифичных комплексах на недоразвитых палеопочвах является доказательством того, что данный род является конъюктурным первопроходцем, который произрастал на минеральных почвах в условиях низкой конкуренции. Он распространился в высоких широтах при парниковых климатических условиях после событий массового пермского вымирания.

Хвойные вновь проявились в раннем анизийском ярусе, за которыми последовали цикадовые и птеридоспермовые позднего анизийского яруса.
Вымершие Растения вики

## ***Вымершие Растения***

Добро пожаловать на **Вымершие Растения вики**

Вымершие виды растений получают этот статус и свое место в "черном списке" после того, как исчезает последний экземпляр, задокументированный официально. Множество исчезнувших видов известно только по своим "останкам" - отпечаткам на камнях, свидетельствам в официальных документах.

1/5
## **Факты**

-папоротники могли достигать в высоту в 10 метров (**Псанориус**).

-первое плотоядное растение -***Archaeamphora.***

-**Риниофиты**- одни из первых сухопутных растений.

## **Категории**

> Наземные
>
>

Водоросли
Риниофит

**Риниофиты**

 — отдел вымерших примитивных сосудистых растений.

Кладограмма сосудистых растений, положение риниофитов показано синим. Диаграмма построена согласно Кенрику. Современные молекулярные данные изменяют положение риниофитов на среднее между антоцеротовидными и мхами.

Данная группа растений монофилетического происхождения включает в себя высшие растения, имеющие проводящие ткани. В начале XXI века к риниофитам относят роды растений, которые возникли в девоне. Ископаемых представителей риниофитов находят в окаменевших породах, начиная с раннего девона, что делает эти отложения очень важными в палеоботанике. Считается, что представители этого отдела являются первенцами сухопутных растений.

.
Xanthostemon sebertii

**Xanthostemon sebertii** — вымерший к 1998 году вид двудольных растений рода *Xanthostemon* семейства Миртовые. Эндемик Новой Каледонии, который был распространён на юго-востоке острова. Встречался в основном на лесных участках.

Экземпляры растения отмечались всего трижды, в районе залива Прони. В предыдущем столетии вид не был обнаружен, несмотря на часто проводившиеся в той части архипелага исследовательские экспедиции. С 1998 года *Xanthostemon sebertii* считают вымершим видом.
Sphenopteridium

​​​

 Царство
 Подцарство
 Отдел
 Порядок
 Семейство

Род вымерших растений.

Систематическое положение:

Домен (надцарство): эукариоты

Царство: Растения

Класс (возможно, устар.)/по др. возможно устар. классификации отдел (в современных классификациях эта группа может не выделяться в качестве таксона): Gymnospérmae, или голосеменные

Подкласс (возможно, устар.)/по др. возможно устар. классификации класс: Pteridospermidae, иногда в русскоязычной литературе их называют семенными папоротниками; в новых классификациях растений могут не рассматриваются как класс или подкласс, могут выделяться в ранге отдела.

Порядок: Cycadofilicales, или семенные папоротники

Семейство (согласно более современной классификации, возможно, порядок): Lyginopteridaceae.

Время распространения: Нижний карбон (каменноугольный период)

Места находок ископаемых: Западная Европа, Донбасс, Восточный склон Урала, Гренландия.

Представители рода: Sphenopteridium bifidum( L i n d l . et H u t t . ) T s с h i r k., 1937; Sphenopteridium dissectum ( Goeppert, 1852 ); Sphenopteridium schimperi Goeppert, 1873.

Признаки растений, относящихся к данному роду (согласно справочнику "Основы палеонтологии. Голосеменные и покрытосеменные. Государственное научно-техническое издательство литературы по геологии и охране недр. Москва. 1963, стр. 44"): "Главный стержень вильчатый, разделенный под острым углом ниже облиственной или в облиственной его части. Стержень в отпечатке продольно штриховатый, с многочисленными поперечно удлиненными ребрами. Перья чередующиеся, несут клиновидные или ромбовидные, поставленные косо перышки, зубчатые или надрезанные на доли и суженные при основании в короткий черешочек. Жилки многочисленные, параллельные краю, вильчато делятся и иногда достигают конечных доль или зубчиков".

Лев Буданцев в работе "Ископаемые флоры Арктики I" высказывает предположение, что представители рода Sphenopteridium биологически были лазающими формами (то есть, лианами). С его точки зрения об этом свидетельствуют "сильно разветвлённые плоские стержни и мелкие рассечённые пёрышки".
ALHO VS BAHO EP41-60

ALHO VS BAHO EP41-60

EP41:ALHO 13-11 BAHO

EP42:BAHO 14-10 ALHO

EP43:ALHO 16-8 BAHO

EP44:ALHO 12-12 BAHO

EP45:ALHO 13-11 BAHO

EP46:ALHO 12-12 BAHO

EP47:ALHO 12-12 BAHO

EP48:BAHO 13-11 ALHO

EP49:BAHO 13-11 ALHO

EP50:BAHO 14-10 ALHO

EP51:BAHO 14-10 ALHO

EP52:ALHO 16-8 BAHO

EP53:ALHO 14-10 BAHO

EP54:ALHO 12-12 BAHO

EP55:ALHO 13-11 BAHO

EP56:BAHO 14-10 ALHO

EP57:BAHO 15-9 ALHO

EP58:ALHO 15-9 BAHO

EP59:ALHO 12-12 BAHO

EP60:ALHO 12-12 BAHO
Vicia dennesiana

***Vícia dennesiána*** — многолетнее вьющееся травянистое растение, вид рода Горошек (*Vicia*) семейства Бобовые.

Эндемик острова Сан-Мигел, одного из Азорских островов. Обнаружен в середине 1840-х годов в единственном местонахождении, уже к концу десятилетия эта популяция была уничтожена оползнем. На протяжении нескольких десятилетий вид поддерживался в культуре в Англии, но к концу XIX века, по-видимому, полностью исчез.
Сильфий

**Сильфий-** растение рода Ферула, семейство Зонтичные. По внешнему виду сильфий был похож на другие растения этого рода. Карл Линней в описании растений «Species Plantarum» на страницах 919 и 920 второго тома[2] описывает несколькo видов родa *Silphium*, которые с историческим сильфием не идентичны.
Археоптерис

**Археоптерис** — род вымерших древовидных растений с папоротниковидными листьями.

Окаменевшая древесина археоптериса

Археоптерис размножался, по-видимому, спорами. Окаменелые остатки растения были обнаружены в отложениях позднего девона и раннего каменноугольного периодов. До обнаружения окаменелых останков деревьев рода *Wattieza* (возрастом 385 миллионов лет) археоптерис считается древнейшим деревом из обнаруженных на сей день.
Decoding exercises: "urV" and "urrV"

**IPA consonants**

The letter U in the sequence "urr" normally sounds /ʌ/ in Received Pronunciation (as in h**u**rry), in derived words it sounds /ɜː/ (as in f**u**rry) and it sounds /ə/ when unstressed (as in s**u**rrender).

In General American "urr" sounds /ɜːr/ or /ər/. In this accent "hurry" and "furry" rhyme.

The following table shows the sounds of "urV" and "urrV" in a stressed syllable. Exceptions, such as /ə/, are shown in the examples.

 /ʊə, ɔː*BrE*/ | assurance | N/A

## Examples

"ur"
* /jʊə/: curable - curative - mural - purity - security
* /jʊə,*BrE* ʊə*AmE*/: during
* /ər/: featuring - guttural - measuring - picturing - pressuring - structuring
* /jər/: accurate
* /ʊ/: guru

"urr"
* /ʌ,*BrE* ɜː*AmE*/: concurrence - concurrent - currant - current - currency - curry - flurry - hurricane - hurry - recurrence - surrogate
* /ɜː/: blurring - blurry - concurring - furry - purring
* /ə/: curriculum - resurrection - surrender - surround - surroundings

## Variant pronunciations

* figurative /ˈfɪɡərətɪv,*BrE* ˈfɪɡjərətɪv*AmE*/
* natural /ˈnætʃərəl, ˈnætʃrəl/
* assurance /əˈʃʊərəns, əˈʃɔːrəns*BrE*/

## See also

* Decoding the letter U
* Decoding the letter R
* Decoding exercises: "ur"
* Decoding exercises: "urr"
IPA phonetic symbol 〚e〛

The IPA phonetic symbol [e] represents a close-mid front unrounded vowel, similar to the beginning of the diphthong /eɪ/ (as in *face)* in an American accent. It is also the "é" sound in French, as in *beauté* (beauty), the "E" sound in German *Esel* [ˈeːzl̩] (donkey), and the "e" sound in Spanish *mesa* (table).

Many British dictionaries (and also, with mixed feelings, Merry Harry) decided that the simplicity of the character set was more desirable than strict adherence to IPA. For this reason in a broad notation the IPA symbol /e/ is used to represent the sound of the vowel in *dress* which is IPA phonetic symbol [ɛ]. However, there is no risk of confusion: if a broad notation for English has the symbol /e/ followed by anything different of /ɪ/, then [ɛ] should be understood. In this way, /feɪs/ is [feɪs], /dres/ is [drɛs] and /skweər/ is [skwɛər].

## Final [e] in English

In English it's impossible to pronounce [e] at the end of the word. Most foreign words are pronounced with unstressed /iː/ or stressed /eɪ/.

* French: fiancé, fiancée /fiˈɒnseɪ,*BrE* fiˈɑːnseɪ,*BrE* ˌfiːɒːnˈseɪ*AmE*/
* Japanese: karate /kəˈrɑːtiː/
* Italian: calzone: /kælˈzəʊneɪ, kælˈzəʊniː/, latte /ˈlɑːteɪ/
* Latin: bona fide /ˌbəʊnə ˈfaɪdiː/
* Spanish: adobe /əˈdəʊbiː/, Chile /ˈtʃɪliː/, coyote /kaɪˈəʊtiː/

## See also

* English is not French
* English is not Italian
* English is not Spanish
* IPA phonetic symbol [ɛ].
ALHO VS BAHO EP181-200

ALHO VS BAHO EP181-200

EP181:ALHO 15-9 BAHO

EP182:ALHO 13-11 BAHO

EP183:ALHO 14-10 BAHO

EP184:ALHO 15-9 BAHO

EP185:ALHO 15-9 BAHO

EP186:BAHO 16-8 ALHO

EP187:BAHO 13-11 ALHO

EP188:ALHO 12-12 BAHO

EP189:ALHO 13-11 BAHO

EP190:ALHO 16-8 BAHO

EP191:BAHO 13-11 ALHO

EP192:ALHO 12-12 BAHO

EP193:ALHO 12-12 BAHO

EP194:BAHO 13-11 ALHO

EP195:ALHO 16-8 BAHO

EP196:ALHO 14-10 BAHO

EP197:BAHO 14-10 ALHO

EP198:ALHO 12-12 BAHO

EP199:ALHO 14-10 BAHO

EP200:ALHO 12-12 BAHO
Decoding and spelling exercises: \ʃən\

The sequence **/ʃən/** can have several spellings. See also IPA phoneme /ʃ/.

## Examples

Some words which practice the pronunciation of /ʃən/ include the following:

* with "shen": freshen
* with "tion": action, condition, information, position, situation
* with "ssion": admission, aggression, compassion, confession, depression, discussion, mission, obsession, profession
* with "xion" as /kʃən/: crucifixion, flexion
* with "sion"

* torsion
* ending in "lsion": compulsion, emulsion, propulsion, revulsion
* ending in "nsion": extension, mansion, pension, suspension, tension

## Either /ʃən/ or /ʒən/

Most words ending in "rsion" are pronounced either with /ʒ/ or with /ʃ/. In most cases the difference is regional, with General American preferring /ʒ/ and Received Pronunciation preferring /ʃ/. Note that "torsion" is in the previous section.

* aversion, conversion, dispersion, excursion, immersion, inversion, perversion, version
ALVEAVENTURAS EP1

ALVEAVENTURAS EP1

DESAYUNO:

MI,CHICHA,CHICHINN,BTORM,LLUFM,JUSTA Y CLASICA COMEN CAFE CON 2 TOSTADAS

RD,ALGRA,VITORNADD,GARABATU,CLIME,MILO,ROMANIÇ Y NUBINUB COMEN CAFE CON 1 SANGUCHE DE JAMON Y QUESO

ALPERIN,ALPIN,SPSEQU,FM,MIMO,PALIZOL,HENKOTA Y NANDO TOMAN 3 CAFES

DOMINGA,SABADA,ALP,MILLA,ALPER,CHI,CCA Y MITTS COMEN 2 MEDIALUNAS

YOLO,TIMBA VK,MIKECRACK,ELTROLLINO,RAPTORGAMER,YOLO AVENTURAS Y Sol Pérez TOMAN LICUADO DE BANANA Y FRUTILLA

ELMAYO97,FLEXVEGA Y CRACKS COMEN 4 MEDIALUNAS

ALMUERZO:

MI,CHICHA,CHICHINN,BTORM,LLUFM,JUSTA Y CLASICA COMEN 2 SANGUCHES DE JAMON Y QUESO QUEMADOS

RD,ALGRA,VITORNADD,GARABATU,CLIME,MILO,ROMANIÇ Y NUBINUB COMEN 1 SANGUCHE DE JAMON Y QUESO

ALPERIN,ALPIN,SPSEQU,FM,MIMO,PALIZOL,HENKOTA Y NANDO COMEN POLENTA

DOMINGA,SABADA,ALP,MILLA,ALPER,CHI,CCA Y MITTS COMEN MONDONGO QUEMADO

YOLO,TIMBA VK,MIKECRACK,ELTROLLINO,RAPTORGAMER,YOLO AVENTURAS,Sol Pérez,ELMAYO97,FLEXVEGA Y CRACKS COMEN HAMBURGUESA RIQUISIMA

MERIENDA:

MI,CHICHA,CHICHINN,BTORM,LLUFM,JUSTA Y CLASICA COMEN 2 SANGUCHES DE JAMON Y QUESO MUY QUEMADOS

RD,ALGRA,VITORNADD,GARABATU,CLIME,MILO,ROMANIÇ Y NUBINUB COMEN 1 TOSTADO

ALPERIN,ALPIN,SPSEQU,FM,MIMO,PALIZOL,HENKOTA Y NANDO COMEN CAFE CON 1 TOSTADO

DOMINGA,SABADA,ALP,MILLA,ALPER,CHI,CCA Y MITTS COMEN CAFE CON 2 MEDIALUNAS

YOLO,TIMBA VK,MIKECRACK,ELTROLLINO,RAPTORGAMER,YOLO AVENTURAS,Sol Pérez,ELMAYO97,FLEXVEGA Y CRACKS COMEN LICUADO DE NARANJA CON 2 SANGUCHES

CENA:

MI,CHICHA,CHICHINN,BTORM,LLUFM,JUSTA Y CLASICA COMEN 2 SANGUCHES DE JAMON Y QUESO QUEMADOS

RD,ALGRA,VITORNADD,GARABATU,CLIME,MILO,ROMANIÇ Y NUBINUB COMEN 1 SANGUCHE DE JAMON Y QUESO

ALPERIN,ALPIN,SPSEQU,FM,MIMO,PALIZOL,HENKOTA Y NANDO COMEN POLENTA CON ESTOFADO

DOMINGA,SABADA,ALP,MILLA,ALPER,CHI,CCA Y MITTS COMEN POLENTA RIQUISIMA

YOLO,TIMBA VK,MIKECRACK,ELTROLLINO,RAPTORGAMER,YOLO AVENTURAS,Sol Pérez,ELMAYO97,FLEXVEGA Y CRACKS COMEN ASADO RIQUISIMO

HAY INFORMACION CLIMATICA:HAY TORMENTAS SEVERAS CON 5 TORNADOS!

LLOVIERON 80MM,HUBO 170 RAYOS,2 F0(115KM/H),2 F1(135KM/H) Y UN F5(450 KM/H)
Archaefructus

**Archaefructus** — вымерший олиготипный род цветковых растений неопределённого класса, одна из древнейших известных групп цветковых. Известен из нижнемеловых отложений (около 125 млн лет назад). Включается в гипотетическое монотипное семейство ***Archaefructaceae***.

Все находки были сделаны на северо-востоке Китайской Народной Республики в формации Исянь. Описание первого вида было опубликовано в 1998 году. Возраст находок сначала определили как позднеюрский, но потом переопределили как раннемеловой.
Cambridge Dictionaries Online

The website dictionary.cambridge.org has several dictionaries.

 Learner's Dictionary
 Essential British English
 Essential American English

The abbreviations are not standard. They are used in Merry Harry for convenience.

## IPA pronunciation key

The lower part of this table is outdated.

In this wiki we normally don't indicate syllable boundaries. CED and CEAED do, and this allows them to represent some nuances of English pronunciation.

Official pronunciation key: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/help/phonetics.html

Symbol not used in the dictionaries
The symbol /l̩/, which represents syllablic /l/ (see IPA phonetic symbol [l̩]) is not used in the dictionaries. Syllabic /l/ either appears as /əl/ or as /l/.