Dr. Dre

American rapper and record producer (born 1965)Template:SHORTDESC:American rapper and record producer (born 1965)

* record producer
* actor
* entrepreneur
* West Coast hip hop
* gangsta rap
* G-funk
 Labels | * Interscope
* Aftermath
* Death Row
* Priority
* Ruthless
* Kru-Cut
 Formerly of | * World Class Wreckin' Cru

**Andre Romelle Young** (born February 18, 1965), known professionally as **Dr. Dre**, is an American rapper and record producer.

He is the co-founder of Beats Electronics, which had been acquired in 2014 for $3.4 billion by technology giant Apple Inc. He is also the founder and CEO of Aftermath Entertainment after previously co-forming and owning Death Row Records. His career began as a member of the World Class Wreckin' Cru in 1985 and later transitioned to the gangsta rap group N.W.A a year following. Dre was also credited as a key figure in the crafting and popularization of West Coast G-funk, a subgenre of hip hop characterized by a synthesizer foundation and slow, heavy beats.

After departing from the disbanded N.W.A and Ruthless Records in 1991, Dre's solo debut studio album, *The Chronic* (1992), made him one of the best-selling American music artists of 1993. It was supported by singles, "Nuthin' but a 'G' Thang" and "Let Me Ride"; the latter earned him a Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance. After a seven-year hiatus and issues with Death Row, he released a sophomore solo album, *2001*, in late 1999.

During the remainder of the 2000s, Dre focused on producing other artists, occasionally contributing vocals. He signed, produced albums for and overseen the careers of various artists around his circle. Dre has also had minor acting roles in films such as *Set It Off*, *The Wash*, and *Training Day*. He has won six Grammy Awards, including one in 2000 for Producer of the Year, Non-Classical. *Rolling Stone* ranked him number fifty-six on the list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. He was the second-richest figure in hip hop as of 2018 with an estimated net worth of $800 million.

Despite his success as a musician, accusations of Dre's violence against women have been widely publicized from 1991 to 2019 and again in 2021. His victims include Dee Barnes, Michel'le, Lisa Johnson, Tairrie B, and his ex-wife Nicole Plotzker-Young. Two weeks following the release of his third album and his first in sixteen years, *Compton*, in August 2015, he issued an apology to the women "I've hurt".

## Early life

Dre was born Andre Romelle Young in Compton, California, on February 18, 1965, the son of Theodore and Verna Young. His middle name is derived from the Romells, his father's amateur R&B group. His parents married in 1964, separated in 1968, and divorced in 1972. His mother later remarried to Curtis Crayon and had three children: sons Jerome and Tyree (both deceased) and daughter Shameka.

In 1976, Dre began attending Vanguard Junior High School in Compton, but due to gang violence, he transferred to the safer suburban Roosevelt Junior High School. The family moved often and lived in apartments and houses in Compton, Carson, Long Beach, and the Watts and South Central neighborhoods of Los Angeles. Dre has said that he was mostly raised by his grandmother in the New Wilmington Arms housing project in Compton. His mother later married Warren Griffin, which added three step-sisters and one step-brother to the family; the latter would eventually begin rapping under the name Warren G. Dre is also the cousin of producer Sir Jinx.
Dre attended Centennial High School in Compton during his freshman year in 1979, but transferred to Fremont High School in South Central Los Angeles due to poor grades. He attempted to enroll in an apprenticeship program at Northrop Aviation Company, but poor grades at school made him ineligible. Thereafter, he focused on his social life and entertainment for the remainder of his high school years.

Dre's frequent absences from school jeopardized his position as a diver on his school's swim team. After high school, he attended Chester Adult School in Compton following his mother's demands for him to get a job or continue his education. After brief attendance at a radio broadcasting school, he relocated to the residence of his father and residence of his grandparents before returning to his mother's house.

## Musical career

### 1985–1986: World Class Wreckin' Cru

Inspired by the Grandmaster Flash song "The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel", Dr. Dre often attended a club called Eve's After Dark to watch many DJs and rappers performing live. He subsequently became a DJ in the club, initially under the name "Dr. J", based on the nickname of Julius Erving, his favorite basketball player. At the club, he met aspiring rapper Antoine Carraby, later to become member DJ Yella of N.W.A. Soon afterwards he adopted the moniker Dr. Dre, a mix of previous alias Dr. J and his first name, referring to himself as the "Master of Mixology".

Eve After Dark had a back room with a small four-track studio. In this studio, Dre and Yella recorded several demos. In their first recording session, they recorded a song entitled "Surgery". Dr. Dre's earliest recordings were released in 1994 on a compilation titled *Concrete Roots*. Critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine of allmusic described the compiled music, released "several years before Dre developed a distinctive style", as "surprisingly generic and unengaging" and "for dedicated fans only".

Dre later joined the musical group World Class Wreckin' Cru, which released its debut album under the Kru-Cut label in 1985. The group would become stars of the electro-hop scene that dominated early-mid 1980s West Coast hip hop. "Surgery", which was officially released after being recorded prior to the group's official formation, would prominently feature Dr. Dre on the turntable. The record would become the group's first hit, selling 50,000 copies within the Compton area. Dr. Dre and DJ Yella also performed mixes for local radio station KDAY, boosting ratings for its afternoon rush-hour show *The Traffic Jam*.

### 1986–1991: N.W.A and Ruthless Records

 File:Uncle Jam's Army - Eazy-E and N.W.A. 1988 Skateland Concert Poster.jpg
In 1986, Dr. Dre met rapper O'Shea Jackson—known as Ice Cube—who collaborated with him to record songs for Ruthless Records, a hip hop record label run by local rapper Eazy-E. N.W.A and fellow West Coast rapper Ice-T are widely credited as seminal artists of the gangsta rap genre, a profanity-heavy subgenre of hip hop, replete with gritty depictions of urban crime and gang lifestyle. Not feeling constricted to racially charged political issues pioneered by rap artists such as Public Enemy or Boogie Down Productions, N.W.A favored themes and uncompromising lyrics, offering stark descriptions of violent, inner-city streets. Propelled by the hit "Fuck tha Police", the group's first full album *Straight Outta Compton* became a major success, despite an almost complete absence of radio airplay or major concert tours. The Federal Bureau of Investigation sent Ruthless Records a warning letter in response to the song's content.

After Ice Cube left N.W.A in 1989 over financial disputes, Dr. Dre produced and performed for much of the group's second album *Efil4zaggin*. He also produced tracks for a number of other acts on Ruthless Records, including Eazy-E's 1988 solo debut *Eazy-Duz-It*, Above the Law's 1990 debut *Livin' Like Hustlers*, Michel'le's 1989 self-titled debut, the D.O.C.'s 1989 debut *No One Can Do It Better*, J.J. Fad's 1988 debut *Supersonic* and funk rock musician Jimmy Z's 1991 album *Muzical Madness*.

### 1991–1996: *The Chronic* and Death Row Records

After a dispute with Eazy-E, Dre left the group at the peak of its popularity in 1991 under the advice of friend, and N.W.A lyricist, the D.O.C. and his bodyguard at the time, Suge Knight. Knight, a notorious strongman and intimidator, was able to have Eazy-E release Young from his contract and, using Dr. Dre as his flagship artist, founded Death Row Records. In 1992, Young released his first single, the title track to the film *Deep Cover*, a collaboration with rapper Snoop Dogg, whom he met through Warren G. Dr. Dre's debut solo album was *The Chronic*, released under Death Row Records with Suge Knight as executive producer. Young ushered in a new style of rap, both in terms of musical style and lyrical content, including introducing a number of artists to the industry including Snoop Dogg, Kurupt, Daz Dillinger, RBX, the Lady of Rage, Nate Dogg and Jewell.

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On the strength of singles such as "Nuthin' but a 'G' Thang", "Let Me Ride", and "Fuck wit Dre Day (and Everybody's Celebratin')" (known as "Dre Day" for radio and television play), all of which featured Snoop Dogg as guest vocalist, *The Chronic* became a cultural phenomenon, its G-funk sound dominating much of hip hop music for the early 1990s. In 1993, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified the album triple platinum, and Dr. Dre also won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance for his performance on "Let Me Ride". For that year, *Billboard* magazine also ranked Dr. Dre as the eighth best-selling musical artist, *The Chronic* as the sixth best-selling album, and "Nuthin' but a 'G' Thang" as the 11th best-selling single.

 File:California Love (1995), by Tupac Shakur.png
Besides working on his own material, Dr. Dre produced Snoop Dogg's debut album *Doggystyle*, which became the first debut album for an artist to enter the *Billboard* 200 album charts at number one. In 1994 Dr. Dre produced some songs on the soundtracks to the films *Above the Rim* and *Murder Was the Case*. He collaborated with fellow N.W.A member Ice Cube for the song "Natural Born Killaz" in 1995. For the film *Friday*, Dre recorded "Keep Their Heads Ringin'", which reached number ten on the *Billboard* Hot 100 and number 1 on the Hot Rap Singles (now Hot Rap Tracks) charts.

In 1995, Death Row Records signed rapper 2Pac, and began to position him as their major star: he collaborated with Dr. Dre on the commercially successful single "California Love", which became both artists' first song to top the *Billboard* Hot 100. However, in March 1996 Young left the label amidst a contract dispute and growing concerns that label boss Suge Knight was corrupt, financially dishonest and out of control. Later that year, he formed his own label, Aftermath Entertainment, under the distribution label for Death Row Records, Interscope Records. Subsequently, Death Row Records suffered poor sales by 1997, especially following the death of 2Pac and the racketeering charges brought against Knight.

Dr. Dre also appeared on the single "No Diggity" by R&B group Blackstreet in 1996: it too was a sales success, topping the Hot 100 for four consecutive weeks, and later won the award for Best R&B Vocal by a Duo or Group at the 1997 Grammy Awards. After hearing it for the first time, several of Dr. Dre's former Death Row colleagues, including 2Pac, recorded and attempted to release a song titled "Toss It Up", containing numerous insults aimed at Dr. Dre and using a deliberately similar instrumental to "No Diggity", but were forced to replace the production after Blackstreet issued the label with a cease and desist order stopping them from distributing the song.

### 1996–2000: Move to Aftermath Entertainment and *2001*

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The *Dr. Dre Presents the Aftermath* album, released on November 26, 1996, featured songs by Dr. Dre himself, as well as by newly signed Aftermath Entertainment artists, and a solo track "Been There, Done That", intended as a symbolic farewell to gangsta rap. Despite being classified platinum by the RIAA, the album was not very popular among music fans. In October 1996, Dre performed "Been There, Done That" on *Saturday Night Live*. In 1997, Dr. Dre produced several tracks on the Firm's *The Album*; it was met with largely negative reviews from critics. Rumors began to abound that Aftermath was facing financial difficulties. Aftermath Entertainment also faced a trademark infringement lawsuit by the underground thrash metal band Aftermath.

*First Round Knock Out*, a compilation of various tracks produced and performed by Dr. Dre, was also released in 1996, with material ranging from World Class Wreckin' Cru to N.W.A to Death Row recordings. Dr. Dre chose to take no part in the ongoing East Coast–West Coast hip hop rivalry of the time, instead producing for, and appearing on, several New York artists' releases, such as Nas' "Nas Is Coming", LL Cool J's "Zoom" and Jay-Z's "Watch Me".

The turning point for Aftermath came in 1998, when Dre's close friend, Jimmy Iovine, the co-founder of Interscope Records (parent label for Aftermath), suggested that Dr. Dre sign Eminem, a white rapper from Detroit. Dre produced three songs and provided vocals for two on Eminem's successful and controversial debut album *The Slim Shady LP*, released in 1999. The Dr. Dre-produced lead single from that album, "My Name Is", brought Eminem to public attention for the first time, and the success of *The Slim Shady LP* – it reached number two on the *Billboard* 200 and received general acclaim from critics – revived the label's commercial ambitions and viability.

 File:Up in Smoke Tour concert ticket 2.jpg
Dr. Dre's second solo album, *2001*, released on November 16, 1999, was considered an ostentatious return to his gangsta rap roots. It was initially titled *The Chronic 2000* to imply being a sequel to his debut solo effort *The Chronic* but was re-titled *2001* after Death Row Records released an unrelated compilation album with the title *Suge Knight Represents: Chronic 2000* in May 1999. Other tentative titles included *The Chronic 2001* and *Dr. Dre*.

The album featured numerous collaborators, including Devin the Dude, Snoop Dogg, Kurupt, Xzibit, Nate Dogg, Eminem, Knoc-turn'al, King T, Defari, Kokane, Mary J. Blige and new protégé Hittman, as well as co-production between Dre and new Aftermath producer Mel-Man. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of the website AllMusic described the sound of the album as "adding ominous strings, soulful vocals, and reggae" to Dr. Dre's style. The album was highly successful, charting at number two on the *Billboard* 200 charts and has since been certified six times platinum, validating a recurring theme on the album: Dr. Dre was still a force to be reckoned with, despite the lack of major releases in the previous few years. The album included popular hit singles "Still D.R.E." and "Forgot About Dre", both of which Dr. Dre performed on NBC's *Saturday Night Live* on October 23, 1999. Dr. Dre won the Grammy Award for Producer of the Year, Non-Classical in 2000, and joined the Up in Smoke Tour with fellow rappers Eminem, Snoop Dogg, and Ice Cube that year as well.

During the course of *2001*'s popularity, Dr. Dre was involved in several lawsuits. Lucasfilm Ltd., the film company behind the Star Wars film franchise, sued him over the use of the THX-trademarked "Deep Note". The Fatback Band also sued Dr. Dre over alleged infringement regarding its song "Backstrokin'" in his song "Let's Get High" from the *2001* album; Dr. Dre was ordered to pay $1.5 million to the band in 2003. French jazz musician Jacques Loussier sued Aftermath for $10 million in March 2002, claiming that the Dr. Dre-produced Eminem track "Kill You" plagiarized his composition "Pulsion". The online music file-sharing company Napster also settled a lawsuit with him and metal band Metallica in mid-2001, agreeing to block access to certain files that artists do not want to have shared on the network.

### 2000–2010: Focus on production and *Detox*

Following the success of *2001*, Dr. Dre focused on producing songs and albums for other artists. He co-produced six tracks on Eminem's landmark *Marshall Mathers LP*, including the Grammy-winning lead single, "The Real Slim Shady". The album itself earned a Grammy and proved to be the fastest-selling rap album of all time, moving 1.76 million units in its first week alone. He produced the single "Family Affair" by R&B singer Mary J. Blige for her album *No More Drama* in 2001. He also produced "Let Me Blow Ya Mind", a duet by rapper Eve and No Doubt lead singer Gwen Stefani and signed R&B singer Truth Hurts to Aftermath in 2001.

Dr. Dre produced and rapped on singer and Interscope labelmate Bilal's 2001 single "Fast Lane", which barely missed the Top 40 of the R&B charts. He later assisted in the production of Bilal's second album, *Love for Sale*, which Interscope controversially shelved because of its creative direction. Dr. Dre was the executive producer of Eminem's 2002 release, *The Eminem Show*. He produced three songs on the album, one of which was released as a single, and he appeared in the award-winning video for "Without Me". He also produced the D.O.C.'s 2003 album *Deuce*, where he made a guest appearance on the tracks "Psychic Pymp Hotline", "Gorilla Pympin'" and "Judgment Day".

Another copyright-related lawsuit hit Dr. Dre in the fall of 2002, when Sa Re Ga Ma, a film and music company based in Calcutta, India, sued Aftermath Entertainment over an uncredited sample of the Lata Mangeshkar song "Thoda Resham Lagta Hai" on the Aftermath-produced song "Addictive" by singer Truth Hurts. In February 2003, a judge ruled that Aftermath would have to halt sales of Truth Hurts' album *Truthfully Speaking* if the company would not credit Mangeshkar.

In 2002, Dr. Dre signed rapper 50 Cent to Aftermath in a joint venture between Interscope and Eminem's Shady Records. Dr. Dre served as executive producer for 50 Cent's commercially successful February 2003 debut studio album *Get Rich or Die Tryin'*. Dr. Dre produced or co-produced four tracks on the album, including the hit single "In da Club". Eminem's fourth album since joining Aftermath, *Encore*, again saw Dre taking on the role of executive producer, and this time he was more actively involved in the music, producing or co-producing a total of eight tracks, including three singles.

In November 2004, at the *Vibe* magazine awards show in Los Angeles, Dr. Dre was attacked by a fan named Jimmy James Johnson, who was supposedly asking for an autograph. In the resulting scuffle, then-G-Unit rapper Young Buck stabbed the man. Johnson claimed that Suge Knight, president of Death Row Records, paid him $5,000 to assault Dre in order to humiliate him before he received his Lifetime Achievement Award. Knight immediately went on CBS's *The Late Late Show* to deny involvement and insisted that he supported Dr. Dre and wanted Johnson charged. In September 2005, Johnson was sentenced to a year in prison and ordered to stay away from Dr. Dre until 2008.

Dr. Dre also produced "How We Do", a 2005 hit single from rapper the Game from his album *The Documentary*, as well as tracks on 50 Cent's successful second album *The Massacre*. For an issue of *Rolling Stone* magazine in April 2005, Dr. Dre was ranked 54th out of 100 artists for *Rolling Stone* magazine's list "The Immortals: The Greatest Artists of All Time". Kanye West wrote the summary for Dr. Dre, where he stated Dr. Dre's song "Xxplosive" as where he "got (his) whole sound from".

In November 2006, Dr. Dre began working with Raekwon on his album *Only Built 4 Cuban Linx II*. He also produced tracks for the rap albums *Buck the World* by Young Buck, *Curtis* by 50 Cent, *Tha Blue Carpet Treatment* by Snoop Dogg, and *Kingdom Come* by Jay-Z. Dre also appeared on Timbaland's track "Bounce", from his 2007 solo album, *Timbaland Presents Shock Value* alongside, Missy Elliott, and Justin Timberlake. During this period, the D.O.C. stated that Dre had been working with him on his fourth album *Voices through Hot Vessels*, which he planned to release after *Detox* arrived.

Planned but unreleased albums during Dr. Dre's tenure at Aftermath have included a full-length reunion with Snoop Dogg titled *Breakup to Makeup*, an album with fellow former N.W.A member Ice Cube which was to be titled *Heltah Skeltah*, an N.W.A reunion album, and a joint album with fellow producer Timbaland titled *Chairmen of the Board*.

In 2007, Dr. Dre's third studio album, formerly known as *Detox*, was slated to be his final studio album. Work for the upcoming album dates back to 2001, where its first version was called "the most advanced rap album ever", by producer Scott Storch. Later that same year, he decided to stop working on the album to focus on producing for other artists, but then changed his mind; the album had initially been set for a fall 2005 release. Producers confirmed to work on the album include DJ Khalil, Nottz, Bernard "Focus" Edwards Jr., Hi-Tek, J.R. Rotem, RZA, and Jay-Z. Snoop Dogg claimed that *Detox* was finished, according to a June 2008 report by *Rolling Stone* magazine.

After another delay based on producing other artists' work, *Detox* was then scheduled for a 2010 release, coming after 50 Cent's *Before I Self Destruct* and Eminem's *Relapse*, an album for which Dr. Dre handled the bulk of production duties. In a Dr Pepper commercial that debuted on May 28, 2009, he premiered the first official snippet of *Detox*. 50 Cent and Eminem asserted in a 2009 interview on BET's *106 & Park* that Dr. Dre had around a dozen songs finished for *Detox*.

On December 15, 2008, Dre appeared in the remix of the song "Set It Off" by Canadian rapper Kardinal Offishall (also with Pusha T); the remix debuted on DJ Skee's radio show. At the beginning of 2009, Dre produced, and made a guest vocal performance on, the single "Crack a Bottle" by Eminem and the single sold a record 418,000 downloads in its first week and reached the top of the *Billboard* Hot 100 chart on the week of February 12, 2009. Along with this single, in 2009 Dr. Dre produced or co-produced 19 of 20 tracks on Eminem's album *Relapse*. These included other hit singles "We Made You", "Old Time's Sake", and "3 a.m." (The only track Dre did not produce was the Eminem-produced single "Beautiful".).

On April 20, 2010, "Under Pressure", featuring Jay-Z and co-produced with Scott Storch, was confirmed by Jimmy Iovine and Dr. Dre during an interview at Fenway Park as the album's first single. The song leaked prior to its intended release in an unmixed, unmastered form without a chorus on June 16, 2010; however, critical reaction to the song was lukewarm, and Dr. Dre later announced in an interview that the song, along with any other previously leaked tracks from *Detox*'s recording process, would not appear on the final version of the album.

Two genuine singles – "Kush", a collaboration with Snoop Dogg and fellow rapper Akon, and "I Need a Doctor" with Eminem and singer Skylar Grey – were released in the United States during November 2010 and February 2011 respectively: the latter achieved international chart success, reaching number four on the *Billboard* Hot 100 and later being certified double platinum by the RIAA and the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). On June 25, 2010, the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers honored Dr. Dre with its Founders Award for inspiring other musicians.

### 2010–2020: *The Planets*, hiatus, Coachella, and *Compton*

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In an August 2010 interview, Dr. Dre stated that an instrumental album, *The Planets*, was in its first stages of production; each song being named after a planet in the Solar System. On September 3, Dr. Dre showed support to longtime protégé Eminem, and appeared on his and Jay-Z's Home & Home Tour, performing hit songs such as "Still D.R.E.", "Nuthin' but a 'G' Thang", and "Crack a Bottle", alongside Eminem and another protégé, 50 Cent. Sporting an "R.I.P. Proof" shirt, Dre was honored by Eminem telling Detroit's Comerica Park to do the same. They did so, by chanting "DEEE-TOX", to which he replied, "I'm coming!"

On November 14, 2011, Dre announced that he would be taking a break from music after he finished producing for artists Slim the Mobster and Kendrick Lamar. In this break, he stated that he would "work on bringing his Beats By Dre to a standard as high as Apple" and would also spend time with his family. On January 9, 2012, Dre headlined the final nights of the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in April 2012.

In June 2014, Marsha Ambrosius stated that she had been working on Detox, but added that the album would be known under another title . In September 2014, Aftermath in-house producer Dawaun Parker confirmed the title change and stated that over 300 beats had been created for the album over the years, but few of them have had vocals recorded over them.

The length of time that *Detox* had been recorded for, as well as the limited amount of material that had been officially released or leaked from the recording sessions, had given it considerable notoriety within the music industry. Numerous release dates (including the ones mentioned above) had been given for the album over the years since it was first announced, although none of them transpired to be genuine. Several musicians closely affiliated with Dr. Dre, including Snoop Dogg, fellow rappers 50 Cent, the Game and producer DJ Quik, had speculated in interviews that the album will never be released, due to Dr. Dre's business and entrepreneurial ventures having interfered with recording work, as well as causing him to lose motivation to record new material.

On August 1, 2015, Dre announced that he would release what would be his final album, titled *Compton*. It is inspired by the N.W.A biopic, *Straight Outta Compton*, and is a compilation-style album, featuring a number of frequent collaborators, including Eminem, Snoop Dogg, Kendrick Lamar, Xzibit and the Game, among others. It was initially released on Apple Music on August 7, with a retail version releasing on August 21. In an interview with *Rolling Stone*, he revealed that he had about 20 to 40 tracks for *Detox* but he did not release it because it did not meet his standards. Dre also revealed that he suffers from social anxiety and due to this, remains secluded and out of attention.

On February 12, 2016, it was revealed that Apple would create its first original scripted television series for its then-upcoming Apple TV+ streaming service and it would star Dr. Dre. Called *Vital Signs*, it was set to reflect Dre's life. Dr. Dre was an executive producer on the show before the show's cancellation sometime in September 2018, due to an overly graphic concept of drugs, gun violence and sex. In October 2016, Sean Combs brought out Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg and others on his Bad Boy reunion tour.

In 2018, he produced 4 four songs on *Oxnard* by Anderson .Paak. He was the executive producer on the album, as so its follow-up, 2019's *Ventura*.

### 2020–present: Return to production and Super Bowl halftime show

Dr. Dre was the executive producer of Eminem's 2020 release, *Music To Be Murdered By*. He produced four songs on the album. He also produced two songs on the deluxe edition of the album, *Side B* and appeared on the song, "Gunz Blazing". On September 30, 2021, it was revealed that Dre would perform at the Super Bowl LVI halftime show alongside Eminem, Snoop Dogg, Mary J. Blige, and Kendrick Lamar.
In December 2021, an update for the video game *Grand Theft Auto Online* predominantly featured Dre and added some of his previously unreleased tracks which was released as an EP, *The Contract*, on February 3, 2022. Around this time, Dre announced he was collaborating with Marsha Ambrosius on *Casablanco*, and with Mary J. Blige on an upcoming album. Later that year Snoop Dogg announced that him and Dr. Dre are in the process of recording their new album, *Missionary*. Snoop said the album will be released via Death Row/Aftermath.

On February 13, 2022, Dr. Dre performed at the Super Bowl LVI halftime show alongside Eminem, Snoop Dogg, Kendrick Lamar, and Mary J. Blige, with surprise appearances from 50 Cent and Anderson. Paak. The performance was met with critical acclaim and is the first Super Bowl halftime show to win the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Special (Live). The show also won the Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Production Design for a Variety Special and Outstanding Music Direction. The same year he produced numerous songs including "The King and I" a collaboration between Eminem and Ceelo Green for the 2022 biopic, *Elvis,* and a remix of Kanye West's song "Use This Gospel" for the DJ Khaled album *God Did*.

In September 2022 it was reported that Dr. Dre will compose the original score for the upcoming animated series Death for Hire: The Origin of Tehk City. The show is created by Ice-T & Arabian Prince based on the graphic novel of the same title and features the voice talent of Ice-T himself, his wife Coco, Snoop Dogg, Busta Rhymes, Treach among others.

## Other ventures

### Film appearances

Dr. Dre made his first on screen appearance as a weapons dealer in the 1996 bank robbery movie *Set It Off*. In 2001, Dr. Dre also appeared in the movies *The Wash* and *Training Day*. A song of his, "Bad Intentions" (featuring Knoc-Turn'Al) and produced by Mahogany, was featured on *The Wash* soundtrack. Dr. Dre also appeared on two other songs "On the Blvd." and "The Wash" along with his co-star Snoop Dogg.

### Crucial Films

In February 2007, it was announced that Dr. Dre would produce dark comedies and horror films for New Line Cinema-owned company Crucial Films, along with longtime video director Phillip Atwell. Dr. Dre announced "This is a natural switch for me, since I've directed a lot of music videos, and I eventually want to get into directing." Along with fellow member Ice Cube, Dr. Dre produced *Straight Outta Compton* (2015), a biographical film about N.W.A.

### Entrepreneurship

#### Beats Electronics

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In 2006, Dre co-founded Beats Electronics with his partner, Jimmy Iovine. Its first brand of headphones were launched in July 2008. The line consisted of Beats Studio, a circumaural headphone; Beats Tour, an in-ear headphone; Beats Solo & Solo HD, a supra-aural headphone; Beats Spin; Heartbeats by Lady Gaga, also an in-ear headphone; and Diddy Beats. In late 2009, Hewlett-Packard participated in a deal to bundle Beats By Dr. Dre with some HP laptops and headsets. HP and Dr. Dre announced the deal on October 9, 2009, at a press event. An exclusive laptop, known as the HP ENVY 15 Beats limited edition, was released for sale October 22. In January 2014, Beats Music was introduced and launched as a streaming service. Then, in May, technology giant Apple purchased the Beats brand for $3.4 billion. The deal made Dr. Dre the "richest man in hip hop". Dr. Dre became an Apple employee in an executive role, and worked with Apple for years. As of 2022, it was found that Apple had subtracted $200 million from the deal after entertainer Tyrese Gibson revealed the news of the acquisition on social media a month before it was completed without the company's permission.

### Philanthropy

During May 2013, Dr. Dre and Jimmy Iovine donated a $70 million endowment to the University of Southern California to create the USC Jimmy Iovine and Andre Young Academy for Arts, Technology and the Business of Innovation. The goal of the academy has been stated as "to shape the future by nurturing the talents, passions, leadership and risk-taking of uniquely qualified students who are motivated to explore and create new art forms, technologies, and business models." The first class of the academy began in September 2014.

In June 2017, it was announced that Dr. Dre has committed $10 million to the construction of a performing arts center for the new Compton High School. The center will encompass creative resources and a 1,200-seat theater, and is expected to break ground in 2020. The project is a partnership between Dr. Dre and the Compton Unified School District.

### Commercial endorsements

In 2002 and 2003, Dr. Dre appeared in TV commercials for Coors Light beer.

Beginning in 2009, Dr. Dre appeared in TV commercials that also featured his Beats Electronics product line. A 2009 commercial for the Dr Pepper soft drink had Dr. Dre DJing with Beats headphones and playing a brief snippet off the never-released *Detox* album. In 2010, Dr. Dre had a cameo in a commercial for HP laptops that featured a plug for Beats Audio. Then in 2011, the Chrysler 300S "Imported from Detroit" ad campaign had a commercial narrated by Dr. Dre and including a plug for Beats Audio.

### Dr. Dre started Burning Man rumors

An urban legend surfaced in 2011 when a Tumblr blog titled Dr. Dre Started Burning Man began promulgating the notion that the producer, rapper and entrepreneur had discovered Burning Man in 1995 during a music video shoot and offered to cover the cost of the event's permit from the Nevada Bureau of Land Management under an agreement with the festival's organizers that he could institute an entrance fee system, which had not existed before his participation. This claim was supported by an alleged letter from Dre to Nicole Threatt Young that indicated that Dre had shared his experience witnessing the Burning Man festival with her.

*Business Insider* mentions the portion of the letter where Dr. Dre purportedly states "someone should get behind this ... and make some money off these fools" and compares Dr. Dre's potential entrepreneurial engagement with Burning Man as a parallel to Steve Jobs' efforts to centralize and profit from the otherwise unorganized online music industry. According to *Salon*, Dr. Dre's ethos seems to be aligned with seven of the ten principles of the Burning Man community: "radical self-reliance, radical self-expression, communal effort, civic responsibility, leaving no trace, participation and immediacy."

## Musical influences and style

> The space, about the size of a college dorm room, is splattered with papers, ideas scribbled down in black ink. Nuthin' but G thangs waiting to happen. Those that don't happen end up in a round, purple L.A. Lakers trash can. A kitchen, red and stainless steel like a '50s diner, adjoins the control room
>
> — Corey Moss of MTV News, in a 2002 profile of Dr. Dre with a visit to his studio

### Production style

Dre is noted for his evolving production style, while always keeping in touch with his early musical sound and re-shaping elements from previous work. At the beginning of his career as a producer for the World Class Wreckin Cru with DJ Alonzo Williams in the mid-1980s, his music was in the electro-hop style pioneered by the Unknown DJ, and that of early hip-hop groups like the Beastie Boys and Whodini.

From *Straight Outta Compton* on, Dre uses live musicians to replay old melodies rather than sampling them. With Ruthless Records, collaborators included guitarist Mike "Crazy Neck" Sims, multi-instrumentalist Colin Wolfe, DJ Yella and sound engineer Donovan "The Dirt Biker" Sound. Dre is receptive of new ideas from other producers, one example being his fruitful collaboration with Above the Law's producer Cold 187um while at Ruthless. Cold 187 um was at the time experimenting with 1970s P-Funk samples (Parliament, Funkadelic, Bootsy Collins, George Clinton etc.), that Dre also used. Dre has since been accused of "stealing" the concept of G-funk from Cold 187 um.

Upon leaving Ruthless and forming Death Row Records in 1991, Dre called on veteran West Coast DJ Chris "the Glove" Taylor and sound engineer Greg "Gregski" Royal, along with Colin Wolfe, to help him on future projects. His 1992 album *The Chronic* is thought to be one of the most well-produced hip-hop albums of all time. Musical themes included hard-hitting synthesizer solos played by Wolfe, bass-heavy compositions, background female vocals and Dre fully embracing 1970s funk samples. Dre used a minimoog synth to replay the melody from Leon Haywood's 1972 song "I Wanna Do Somethin' Freaky to You" for the Chronic's first single "Nuthin' but a 'G' Thang" which became a global hit. For his new protégé Snoop Doggy Dogg's album *Doggystyle*, Dre collaborated with then 19-year-old producer Daz Dillinger, who received co-production credits on songs "Serial Killa" and "For all My N\*\*gaz & Bitches", The Dramatics bass player Tony "T. Money" Green, guitarist Ricky Rouse, keyboardists Emanuel "Porkchop" Dean and Sean "Barney Rubble" Thomas and engineer Tommy Daugherty, as well as Warren G and Sam Sneed, who are credited with bringing several samples to the studio.

The influence of *The Chronic* and *Doggystyle* on the popular music of the 1990s went not only far beyond the West Coast, but beyond hip-hop as a genre. Artists as diverse as Master P ("Bout It, Bout It"), George Michael ("Fastlove"), Mariah Carey ("Fantasy"), Adina Howard ("Freak Like Me"), Luis Miguel ("Dame"), and The Spice Girls ("Say You'll Be There") used G-funk instrumentation in their songs. Bad Boy Records producer Chucky Thompson stated in the April 2004 issue of *XXL* magazine that the sound of *Doggystyle* and *The Chronic* was the basis for the Notorious B.I.G.'s 1995 hit single "Big Poppa":

> At that time, we were listening to Snoop's album. We knew what was going on in the West through Dr. Dre. Big just knew the culture, he knew what was going on with hip-hop. It was more than just New York, it was all over.
>
>

In 1994, starting with the *Murder was the Case* soundtrack, Dre attempted to push the boundaries of G-funk further into a darker sound. In songs such as "Murder was the Case" and "Natural Born Killaz", the synthesizer pitch is higher and the drum tempo is slowed down to 91 BPM (87 BPM in the remix) to create a dark and gritty atmosphere. Percussion instruments, particularly sleigh bells, are also present. Dre's frequent collaborators from this period included Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania natives Stuart "Stu-B-Doo" Bullard, a multi-instrumentalist from the Ozanam Strings Orchestra, Sam Sneed, Stephen "Bud'da" Anderson, and percussionist Carl "Butch" Small. This style of production has been influential far beyond the West Coast. The beat for the Houston-based group Geto Boys 1996 song "Still" follows the same drum pattern as "Natural Born Killaz" and Eazy E's "Wut Would U Do" (a diss to Dre) is similar to the original "Murder was the Case" instrumental. This style of production is usually accompanied by horror and occult-themed lyrics and imagery, being crucial to the creation of horrorcore.

By 1996, Dre was again looking to innovate his sound. He recruited keyboardist Camara Kambon to play the keys on "Been There, Done That", and through Bud'da and Sam Sneed he was introduced to fellow Pittsburgh native Melvin "Mel-Man" Bradford. At this time, he also switched from using the E-mu SP-1200 to the Akai MPC3000 drum kit and sampler, which he still uses today. Beginning with his 1996 compilation Dr. Dre Presents the Aftermath, Dre's production has taken a less sample-based approach, with loud, layered snare drums dominating the mix, while synthesizers are still omnipresent. In his critically acclaimed second album, 2001, live instrumentation takes the place of sampling, a famous example being "The Next Episode", in which keyboardist Camara Kambon re-played live the main melody from David McCallum's 1967 jazz-funk work "The Edge". For every song on *2001*, Dre had a keyboardist, guitarist and bassist create the basic parts of the beat, while he himself programmed the drums, did the sequencing and overdubbing and added sound effects, and later mixed the songs. During this period, Dre's signature "west coast whistle" riffs are still present albeit in a lower pitch, as in "Light Speed", "Housewife", "Some L.A. N\*\*gaz" and Eminem's "Guilty Conscience" hook. The sound of "2001" had tremendous influence on hip-hop production, redefining the West Coast's sound and expanding the G-funk of the early 1990s. To produce the album, Dre and Mel-Man relied on the talents of Scott Storch and Camara Kambon on the keys, Mike Elizondo and Colin Wolfe on bass guitar, Sean Cruse on lead guitar and sound engineers Richard "Segal" Huredia and Mauricio "Veto" Iragorri.

From the mid-2000s, Dr. Dre has taken on a more soulful production style, using more of a classical piano instead of a keyboard, and having claps replace snares, as evidenced in songs such as Snoop Dogg's "Imagine" and "Boss' Life", Busta Rhymes' "Get You Some" and "Been Through the Storm", Stat Quo's "Get Low" and "The Way It Be", Jay-Z's "Lost One", Nas' "Hustlers", and several beats on Eminem's Relapse album. Soul and R&B pianist Mark Batson, having previously worked with The Dave Matthews Band, Seal and Maroon 5 has been credited as the architect of this sound. Besides Batson, Aftermath producer and understudy of Dre's, Dawaun Parker, who has named Q-Tip and J Dilla as his primary influences, is thought to be responsible for giving Dre's newest beats an East Coast feel.

Despite an occasional hint of trap about the beats and an intriguingly warped use of autotune in his Compton album song, "Darkside/Gone", his production seems to stand slightly apart from current trends in hip-hop like Eminem's song "Little Engine" with an ominous horrorcore beat — reminiscent of some of his works on Eminem's album Relapse - or the West Coast joint Lock It Up.

### Production equipment

Dr. Dre has said that his primary instrument in the studio is the Akai MPC3000, a drum machine and sampler, and that he often uses as many as four or five to produce a single recording. He cites 1970s funk musicians such as George Clinton, Isaac Hayes and Curtis Mayfield as his primary musical influences. Unlike most rap producers, he tries to avoid samples as much as possible, preferring to have studio musicians re-play pieces of music he wants to use, because it allows him more flexibility to change the pieces in rhythm and tempo. In 2001 he told *Time* magazine, "I may hear something I like on an old record that may inspire me, but I'd rather use musicians to re-create the sound or elaborate on it. I can control it better."

Other equipment he uses includes the E-mu SP-1200 drum machine and other keyboards from such manufacturers as Korg, Rhodes, Wurlitzer, Moog, and Roland. Dr. Dre also stresses the importance of equalizing drums properly, telling *Scratch* in 2004 that he "used the same drum sounds on a couple of different songs on one album before but you'd never be able to tell the difference because of the EQ". Dr. Dre also uses the digital audio workstation Pro Tools and uses the software to combine hardware drum machines and vintage analog keyboards and synthesizers.

After founding Aftermath Entertainment in 1996, Dr. Dre took on producer Mel-Man as a co-producer, and his music took on a more synthesizer-based sound, using fewer vocal samples (as he had used on "Lil' Ghetto Boy" and "Let Me Ride" on *The Chronic*, for example). Mel-Man has not shared co-production credits with Dr. Dre since approximately 2002, but fellow Aftermath producer Focus has credited Mel-Man as a key architect of the signature Aftermath sound.

In 1999, Dr. Dre started working with Mike Elizondo, a bassist, guitarist, and keyboardist who has also produced, written and played on records for female singers such as Poe, Fiona Apple and Alanis Morissette, In the past few years Elizondo has since worked for many of Dr. Dre's productions. Dr. Dre also told *Scratch* magazine in a 2004 interview that he has been studying piano and music theory formally, and that a major goal is to accumulate enough musical theory to score movies. In the same interview he stated that he has collaborated with famed 1960s songwriter Burt Bacharach by sending him hip hop beats to play over, and hopes to have an in-person collaboration with him in the future.

### Work ethic

Dr. Dre has stated that he is a perfectionist and is known to pressure the artists with whom he records to give flawless performances. In 2006, Snoop Dogg told the website Dubcnn.com that Dr. Dre had made new artist Bishop Lamont re-record a single bar of vocals 107 times. Dr. Dre has also stated that Eminem is a fellow perfectionist, and attributes his success on Aftermath to his similar work ethic. He gives a lot of input into the delivery of the vocals and will stop an MC during a take if it is not to his liking. However, he gives MCs that he works with room to write lyrics without too much instruction unless it is a specifically conceptual record, as noted by Bishop Lamont in the book *How to Rap*.

A consequence of his perfectionism is that some artists who initially sign deals with Dr. Dre's Aftermath label never release albums. In 2001, Aftermath released the soundtrack to the movie *The Wash*, featuring a number of Aftermath acts such as Shaunta, Daks, Joe Beast and Toi. To date, none have released full-length albums on Aftermath and have apparently ended their relationships with the label and Dr. Dre. Other noteworthy acts to leave Aftermath without releasing albums include King Tee, *2001* vocalist Hittman, Joell Ortiz, Raekwon and Rakim.

### Collaborators and co-producers

 File:Snoop Dogg and Dr. Dre.jpg
Over the years, word of other collaborators who have contributed to Dr. Dre's work has surfaced. During his tenure at Death Row Records, it was alleged that Dr. Dre's stepbrother Warren G and Tha Dogg Pound member Daz made many uncredited contributions to songs on his solo album *The Chronic* and Snoop Doggy Dogg's album *Doggystyle* (Daz received production credits on Snoop's similar-sounding, albeit less successful album *Tha Doggfather* after Young left Death Row Records).

It is known that Scott Storch, who has since gone on to become a successful producer in his own right, contributed to Dr. Dre's second album *2001*; Storch is credited as a songwriter on several songs and played keyboards on several tracks. In 2006 he told *Rolling Stone*:

> "At the time, I saw Dr. Dre desperately needed something," Storch says. "He needed a fuel injection, and Dr. Dre utilized me as the nitrous oxide. He threw me into the mix, and I sort of tapped on a new flavor with my whole piano sound and the strings and orchestration. So I'd be on the keyboards, and Mike [Elizondo] was on the bass guitar, and Dr. Dre was on the drum machine".
>
>

Current collaborator Mike Elizondo, when speaking about his work with Young, describes their recording process as a collaborative effort involving several musicians. In 2004 he claimed to *Songwriter Universe* magazine that he had written the foundations of the hit Eminem song "The Real Slim Shady", stating, "I initially played a bass line on the song, and Dr. Dre, Tommy Coster Jr. and I built the track from there. Eminem then heard the track, and he wrote the rap to it." This account is essentially confirmed by Eminem in his book *Angry Blonde*, stating that the tune for the song was composed by a studio bassist and keyboardist while Dr. Dre was out of the studio but Young later programmed the song's beat after returning.

A group of disgruntled former associates of Dr. Dre complained that they had not received their full due for work on the label in the September 2003 issue of *The Source*. A producer named Neff-U claimed to have produced the songs "Say What You Say" and "My Dad's Gone Crazy" on *The Eminem Show*, the songs "If I Can't" and "Back Down" on 50 Cent's *Get Rich or Die Tryin'*, and the beat featured on Dr. Dre's commercial for Coors beer.

Although Young studies piano and music theory, he serves as more of a conductor than a musician himself, as Josh Tyrangiel of *Time* magazine has noted:

> Every Dre track begins the same way, with Dre behind a drum machine in a room full of trusted musicians. (They carry beepers. When he wants to work, they work.) He'll program a beat, then ask the musicians to play along; when Dre hears something he likes, he isolates the player and tells him how to refine the sound. "My greatest talent," Dre says, "is knowing exactly what I want to hear."
>
>

Although Snoop Dogg retains working relationships with Warren G and Daz, who are alleged to be uncredited contributors on the hit albums *The Chronic* and *Doggystyle*, he states that Dr. Dre is capable of making beats without the help of collaborators, and that he is responsible for the success of his numerous albums. Dr. Dre's prominent studio collaborators, including Scott Storch, Elizondo, Mark Batson and Dawaun Parker, have shared co-writing, instrumental, and more recently co-production credits on the songs where he is credited as the producer.

Anderson .Paak also praised Dr. Dre in a 2016 interview with *Music Times*, telling the publication that it was a dream come true to work with Dre.

### Ghostwriters

It is acknowledged that most of Dr. Dre's raps are written for him by others, though he retains ultimate control over his lyrics and the themes of his songs. As Aftermath producer Mahogany told *Scratch*: "It's like a class room in [the booth]. He'll have three writers in there. They'll bring in something, he'll recite it, then he'll say, 'Change this line, change this word,' like he's grading papers."
As seen in the credits for tracks Young has appeared on, there are often multiple people who contribute to his songs (although often in hip hop many people are officially credited as a writer for a song, even the producer).

In the book *How to Rap*, RBX explains that writing *The Chronic* was a "team effort" and details how he ghostwrote "Let Me Ride" for Dre. In regard to ghostwriting lyrics he says, "Dre doesn't profess to be no super-duper rap dude – Dre is a super-duper producer". As a member of N.W.A, the D.O.C. wrote lyrics for him while he stuck with producing. Jay-Z ghostwrote lyrics for the single "Still D.R.E." from Dr. Dre's album *2001*.

## Personal life

On December 15, 1981, when Dre was 16 years old and his then-girlfriend Cassandra Joy Greene was 15 years old, the two had a son named Curtis, who was brought up by Greene and first met Dre 20 years later. Curtis performed as a rapper under the name Hood Surgeon.

In 1983, Dre and Lisa Johnson had a daughter named La Tanya Danielle Young. Dre and Johnson have three daughters together.

In 1988, Dre and Jenita Porter had a son named Andre Young Jr. In 1990, Porter sued Dre, seeking $5,000 of child support per month. On August 23, 2008, Andre died at the age of 20 from an overdose of heroin and morphine at his mother's Woodland Hills home.

From 1987 to 1996, Dre dated singer Michel'le, who frequently contributed vocals to Ruthless Records and Death Row Records albums. In 1991, they had a son named Marcel.

In April 1992, after a verbal dispute with his engineer, Dre was consequentially shot four times in his leg.

In 1996, Dre married Nicole (née Plotzker) Threatt, who was previously married to basketball player Sedale Threatt. They have two children together: a son named Truice (born 1997) and a daughter named Truly (born 2001).

In 2001, Dre earned a total of about US$52 million from selling part of his share of Aftermath Entertainment to Interscope Records and his production of such hit songs that year as "Family Affair" by Mary J. Blige. *Rolling Stone* magazine thus named him the second highest-paid artist of the year. Dr. Dre was ranked 44th in 2004 from earnings of $11.4 million, primarily from production royalties from such projects as albums from G-Unit and D12 and the single "Rich Girl" by singer Gwen Stefani and rapper Eve. *Forbes* estimated his net worth at US$270 million in 2012. The same publication later reported that he acquired US$110 million via his various endeavors in 2012, making him the highest–paid artist of the year. Income from the 2014 sale of Beats to Apple, contributing to what *Forbes* termed "the biggest single-year payday of any musician in history", made Dr. Dre the world's richest musical performer of 2015.

In 2014, Dre purchased a $40 million home in the Brentwood neighborhood of Los Angeles from its previous owners, NFL player Tom Brady and supermodel Gisele Bündchen.

It was reported that Dre suffered a brain aneurysm on January 5, 2021, and that he was admitted to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center's ICU in Los Angeles, California. Hours after his admission to the hospital, Dre's home was targeted for an attempted burglary. He eventually received support from LeBron James, Martin Lawrence, LL Cool J, Missy Elliott, Snoop Dogg, Ice Cube, 50 Cent, Ellen DeGeneres, Ciara, her husband Russell Wilson, T.I., Quincy Jones and others. In February, he was released with a following message on Instagram: "Thanks to my family, friends and fans for their interest and well wishes. I'm doing great and getting excellent care from my medical team. I will be out of the hospital and back home soon. Shout out to all the great medical professionals at Cedars. One Love!!"

## Controversies and legal issues

### Violence against women

Dre has been accused of multiple incidents of violence against women.
On January 27, 1991, at a music industry party at the Po Na Na Souk club in Hollywood, Dr. Dre assaulted television host Dee Barnes of the Fox television program *Pump it Up!*, following an episode of the show. Barnes had interviewed NWA, which was followed by an interview with Ice Cube in which Cube mocked NWA. Barnes filed a $22.7 million lawsuit in response to the incident. Subsequently, Dr. Dre was fined $2,500, given two years' probation, ordered to undergo 240 hours of community service, and given a spot on an anti-violence public service announcement on television. The civil suit was settled out of court. Barnes stated that he "began slamming her face and the right side of her body repeatedly against a wall near the stairway". Dr. Dre later commented: "People talk all this shit, but you know, somebody fucks with me, I'm gonna fuck with them. I just did it, you know. Ain't nothing you can do now by talking about it. Besides, it ain't no big thing – I just threw her through a door."

In March 2015, Michel'le, the mother of one of Dre's children, accused him of subjecting her to domestic violence during their time together as a couple, but did not initiate legal action. Their abusive relationship is portrayed in her 2016 biopic *Surviving Compton: Dre, Suge & Michel'le*. Dre threatened a lawsuit against Lifetime, Sony Pictures and filmmakers of *Surviving Compton* in a cease and desist, but never ultimately took action.

Interviewed by Ben Westhoff for the book *Original Gangstas: the Untold Story of Dr Dre, Eazy-E, Ice Cube, Tupac Shakur, and the Birth of West Coast Rap*, Lisa Johnson stated that Dre beat her many times, including while she was pregnant. She was granted a restraining order against him.

Former labelmate Tairrie B claimed that Dre assaulted her at a post-Grammy party in 1990, in response to her track "Ruthless Bitch".

During press for the 2015 film *Straight Outta Compton*, questions about the portrayal and behavior of Dre and other prominent figures in the rap community about violence against women – and the question about its absence in the film – were raised. The discussion about the film led to Dre addressing his past behavior in the press. In August 2015, in an interview with *Rolling Stone*, Dre lamented his abusive past, saying, "I made some fucking horrible mistakes in my life. I was young, fucking stupid. I would say all the allegations aren't true—some of them are. Those are some of the things that I would like to take back. It was really fucked up. But I paid for those mistakes, and there's no way in hell that I will ever make another mistake like that again."

In a statement to *The New York Times* on August 21, 2015, exactly two weeks after his album, *Compton*, was released, Dre again addressed his abusive past, stating, "25 years ago I was a young man drinking too much and in over my head with no real structure in my life. However, none of this is an excuse for what I did. I've been married for 19 years and every day I'm working to be a better man for my family, seeking guidance along the way. I'm doing everything I can so I never resemble that man again. ... I apologize to the women I've hurt. I deeply regret what I did and know that it has forever impacted all of our lives."

In the 2017 film, *The Defiant Ones*, Dr. Dre explained about the Dee Barnes incident again, "This was a very low point in my life. I've done a lot of stupid shit in my life. A lot of things I wish I could go and take back. I've experienced abuse. I've watched my mother get abused. So there's absolutely no excuse for it. No woman should ever be treated that way. Any man that puts his hands on a female is a fucking idiot. He's out of his fucking mind, and I was out of my fucking mind at the time. I fucked up, I paid for it, I'm sorry for it, and I apologize for it. I have this dark cloud that follows me, and it's going to be attached to me forever. It's a major blemish on who I am as a man."

### Eazy-E lawsuit

On October 16, 1992, Dre's former colleague, Eazy-E, filed a class action lawsuit against him, New Line Cinema, Sony Music and Death Row Records for infringement, money laundering, extortion and conspiracy. The lawsuit, which sought over $54 million in punitive damages, stated that Dre, Snoop Dogg, Suge Knight and employees from Sony or New Line conspired to use force and threat to help unfairly end Dre's contract with Ruthless and record the title track to the 1992 film, *Deep Cover*, without the legal consent of Eazy or co-partner Jerry Heller. The Ruthless co-founders took the lawsuit further by petitioning to turn it to a criminal racketeering case, stating that "Dre was remained under a proper contract [with Ruthless Records]", and that Knight "used his advantage to force the label to release Dre and others from their contracts by way of intimidation and fear". They also claimed that Sony's former venture partner, SOLAR Records, which released the *Deep Cover* soundtrack also released the producer's music without notifying Eazy or Heller, before depositing proceeds to a private institution. Responding to the plaintiff's claims that "Sony infringed on Dre's publishing and copyright he owed to Eric "Eazy-E" Wright and participated in illegal acts of extortion to draft the release Dre from his Ruthless contract to sign him under duress", the Japanese electronic conglomerate claimed that they acted "properly". Heller also commented on the suit, saying "Dre, Knight, the D.O.C., and Dick Griffey conspired and agreed to join together to refuse to abide by any obligations under existing contracts with Ruthless". The lawsuit was a result of an allegation made by the petitioning rapper that Knight sent his goons to assault him in a recording studio in 1991 as a means to try to force Dre and other out of Ruthless due to bad obligations. However, the case and petition were both dismissed in June 1993 after the plaintiffs failed to provide any documenting details to prove that the defendants were involved in a RICO operation with record label employees. It was during this time that an out-of-court settlement was made in November 1992 by Dre and Jimmy Iovine that Eazy-E would own 20% of publishing rights and royalties from *The Chronic* for a six-year period.

### Second divorce

Dre's wife, Nicole Plotzker-Young, filed for divorce in June 2020, citing irreconcilable differences. In November 2020, she filed legal claims that Dre engaged in verbal violence and infidelity during their marriage. She also stated that he tore up their prenuptial agreement that he wanted her to sign out of anger. Dre's representative responded, calling her claims of infidelity and violence in their marriage "false". Before being released from the Cedar-Sinai Medical Center, he was ordered to pay Plotzker-Young $2 million in temporary spousal support. Between the spring and summer of the year, Dre was ordered by the Los Angeles County judge to pay his ex-wife over $300,000 a month in spousal support. The $2 million extension request was also dismissed, due to insufficient claims. In July 2021, Dr. Dre was ordered by the Los Angeles Superior Court Judge to pay an additional $293,306 a month to estranged wife in spousal support starting August 1 until she decides to remarry or "further order of the Court". Then, in August, the judge denied his wife's request for a protective order, due to her being afraid of Dre after a snippet leaked on Instagram of him rapping about the divorce proceedings and his possible brain aneurysm earlier that February; in this snippet, he called his wife a "greedy bitch". In mid-October, Dr. Dre was served more divorce papers, during his grandmother's funeral. That same month, Dre was officially deemed "single" by the judge. The financial owings in this case included expenses of Dre's Malibu, Palisades and Hollywood Hills homes, but not his stock in past ownership of Beats Electronics, prior to its sale to Apple in 2014. As of December 2021, the divorce proceedings have entered its final stages. On December 28, the divorce was settled with Dre keeping most of his assets and income due to the prenuptial agreement, although he would have to pay a 9-figure settlement within one year.

### Other

On June 28, 1992, hours before midnight, a barbecue grill and an overfill of charcoal caused Dre's Calabasas mansion to set on fire. Two firefighters who exhausted the fire were treated in the hospital for minor injuries. The fire caused over $125,000 in home damages.

Dre pleaded guilty in October 1992 in a case of battery of a police officer and was convicted on two additional battery counts stemming from a brawl in the lobby of the New Orleans hotel in May 1991.

In 1993, he was convicted of battery after an altercation with a man who stood outside the front porch of his Woodland Hills home in front of the musician's girlfriend. He claimed that Dre broke his jaw as a result.

On January 10, 1994, Dre was arrested after leading police on a 90 mph pursuit through Beverly Hills in his 1987 Ferrari. It was revealed that Dr. Dre had a blood alcohol of 0.16, twice the state of California's legal limit. The conviction violated the conditions of parole following Dre's battery conviction in 1993; he plead no contest and was sentenced to eight months in prison in September 1994. He was ordered to pay a $1,053 fine and attend an alcohol education program.

On October 30, 2015, Ruthless co-founder Jerry Heller filed suit against Dre, Ice Cube, Eazy-E's widow, Tomica Woods-Wright, director F. Gary Gray and Universal Pictures for defamation of character and copyright infringement over the biopic, *Straight Outta Compton*. The lawsuit states that depictions of Heller in the film, portrayed by Paul Giamatti, were wrongfully taken from an autobiography he wrote about his involvement with Ruthless and N.W.A. The case was taken to court in June 2016 where a judge criticized the filing, saying that the film was "approved to portray these facts in "colorful and hyperbolic" terms. On September 2, 2016, Jerry Heller died of a car accident, preceded by a heart attack. However, his lawsuit kept on through his legal team and members of his estate. In October 2018, the lawsuit was dropped, costing Heller's estate $35 million for punitive and $75 million for compensatory damages.

On April 4, 2016, TMZ and the *New York Daily News* reported that Suge Knight had accused Dre and the Los Angeles Sheriff's Department of a kill-for-hire plot in the 2014 shooting of Knight in club 1 OAK. Three months later, in July, Dre was reportedly detained by police after confronting a next-door neighbor in Malibu about a test drive. It was also alleged that he brandished a handgun on the neighbor, but no evidence would be linked and Dre was soon released.

On May 8, 2018, Dre lost a name trademark filing to a Pennsylvania gynaecologist named Draion Burch, who previously filed a trademark petition in 2015 to use his nickname, Dr. Drai, which has the similar pronunciation. Then, on June 26, Dre and Jimmy Iovine were ordered to pay $25 million to former partner and creative designer Steven Lamar, who sued the two co-founders for $100 million in unpaid royalties for designing the early Beats headphone models. The lawsuit was filed in 2015 after news broke out of Apple's acquisition of the headphone brand a year prior.

In August 2021, Dr. Dre's oldest daughter LaTanya Young spoke out about being homeless and unable to support her four children. She is currently working for UberEats and DoorDash, and she also works at warehouse jobs. She is living in debt in her SUV while her children are living with friends. Dr. Dre has allegedly stopped supporting LaTanya financially since January 2020 because she has "spoken about him in the press".

## Discography

### Studio albums

* *The Chronic* (1992)
* *2001* (1999)
* *Compton* (2015)

### Soundtrack albums

* *Deep Cover* (1992)
* *The Wash* (2001)

### Collaboration albums

**with World Class Wreckin' Cru**

* *World Class* (1985)
* *Rapped in Romance* (1986)

**with N.W.A.**

* *N.W.A. and the Posse* (1987)
* *Straight Outta Compton* (1988)
* *100 Miles and Runnin'* (1990)
* *N\*\*gaz4Life* (1991)

## Awards and nominations

### BET Hip Hop Awards

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 2016 | Producer of the Year
 *Compton* | Album of the Year | Nominated

### Grammy Awards

Dr. Dre has won six Grammy Awards. Three of them are for his production work.
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### Primetime Emmy Awards

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## Filmography

Video games
 2020
 2021

Biographical portrayals in film

## References

1. ↑ Giacomazzo, Bernadette (2021-10-08). These Are The Business Moves That Made Dr. Dre One Of The Wealthiest Men In Hip-Hop (en).
2. ↑ Dr Dre: His Net Worth and How He Makes His Money (en-US) (2021-10-13).
3. ↑ II, C. Vernon Coleman IIC Vernon Coleman. Dr. Dre Sells Beats Brand to Apple for $3 Billion - Hip-Hop's Biggest Milestones in Music History (en).
4. ↑ Dr. Dre sells Beats Electronics to Apple for $3 billion.
5. ↑ Why Death Row Records Was Bound to Self-Destruct (en-US) (2019-08-21).
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238. ↑ Dr. Dre on Instagram: 'Thanks to my family, friends and fans for their interest and well wishes. I'm doing great and getting excellent care from my medical team.'.
239. ↑ Dr. Dre Shares Message After Suffering Brain Aneursym.
240. ↑ 240.0 240.1 Template:Cite magazine
241. ↑ Reeves 2009, p. 110.
242. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"N.W.A's Dr. Dre Target of Suit by Host of Rap Show". *Los Angeles Times*. July 23, 1991. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
243. ↑ Kenyatta 2001, p. 27.
244. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Noel, Peter (November 24, 1998). "Revenge of the Mad Rappers". *The Village Voice*. Archived from the original on February 4, 2008. Retrieved February 14, 2008.
245. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Woman Allegedly Assaulted by Dr. Dre Says 'Straight Outta Compton' 'Ignores' His Victims". *The Hollywood Reporter*. August 18, 2015. Retrieved August 21, 2015.
246. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Michel'le Blasts Ex Dr. Dre For Beating Her". *Huffington Post*. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
247. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Weiner, Natalie (August 18, 2015). "Dr. Dre's Ex Michel'le: 'I Was Just a Quiet Girlfriend Who Got Beat Up'". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Retrieved August 21, 2015.
248. ↑ Williams, Brennan (October 7, 2016). Michel'le Opens Up About Her Abusive Relationship With Dr. Dre.
249. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Mojica, Nicholas (October 15, 2015). "'Surviving Compton' Exposes Michel'le's Abuse By Dr. Dre And Relationship With Suge Knight; 16 Things We Learned From Lifetime Biopic". *International Business Times*.
250. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Westhoff, Ben (October 17, 2016). "The new NWA movie depicts Michel'le's abuse by Dr Dre – but is it true?". *The Guardian*. ISSN 0261-3077.
251. ↑ Westhoff, Ben (August 4, 2015). Tairrie B, Hip-Hop's Original Bad Bitch, is Back. *LA Weekly*.
252. ↑ 252.0 252.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Coscarelli, Joe (August 21, 2015). "Dr. Dre Apologizes to the 'Women I've Hurt'". *The New York Times*. Archived from the original on January 1, 2022. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
253. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
254. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Lewis, Hilary (August 21, 2015). "Dr. Dre Apologizes 'to the Women I've Hurt'". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Retrieved August 21, 2015.
255. ↑ Lawrence, Derek (July 11, 2017). Dr. Dre apologizes for 1991 assault: 'Any man that puts his hands on a female is a f---ing idiot'.
256. ↑ Eazy E sues Sony Music, others (en-US) (1992-10-16).
257. ↑ 257.0 257.1 The Conspiracy Surrounding Eazy-E's Death (en) (2021-04-22).
258. ↑ Rapper Sues Music Giant Using Federal Racketeering Law (en).
259. ↑ Lists, Beats, Rhymes & (2021-09-11). Eazy-E Made Money Off Dr. Dre's 'The Chronic' (en-US).
260. ↑ 10 Things You Probably Didn't Know About Dr. Dre's 'The Chronic' (en) (2014-12-15).
261. ↑ Nicole Young, Dr. Dre's Wife of 24 Years, Files for Divorce (July 30, 2020).
262. ↑ Dr. Dre's wife files for divorce after 24 years of marriage, cites irreconcilable differences.
263. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
264. ↑ Alexander, Brenda (September 5, 2020). Dr. Dre's Estranged Wife Alleges She Experienced Domestic Violence During Their Marriage.
265. ↑ Mier, Tomás (January 13, 2021). Dr. Dre's Estranged Wife Nicole Young Says He 'Held a Gun to My Head' Twice, Alleges Years of Abuse.
266. ↑ Dr. Dre Files Prenup That Nicole Young Has Contested.
267. ↑ Dr. Dre Accuses Estranged Wife Nicole Young of Making Up Abuse Claims to Get Money From Him.
268. ↑ Woods, Aleia. Dr. Dre Agrees to Pay Wife $2 Million in Temporary Spousal Support - Report.
269. ↑ Pesce, Nicole Lyn. Pay day: Dr. Dre ordered to drop almost $300,000 a month in spousal support to ex Nicole Young: reports.
270. ↑ Dr. Dre Wins Legal Battle in Divorce, Won't Have to Pay $1.5 Million to Estranged Wife.
271. ↑ Olonilua, Ademola (August 5, 2021). Dr Dre to pay $300,000 monthly spousal support to ex-wife. The Punch.
272. ↑ Bacardi, Francesca (March 12, 2021). Nicole Young denied restraining order against Dr. Dre over song lyrics.
273. ↑ Hudson, Tanay (February 23, 2021). Dr. Dre Called Estranged Wife 'Greedy B\*\*\*\*' on Unreleased Track.
274. ↑ Dr. Dre Calls Out His Wife on Leaked Snippet.
275. ↑ Cohen, Rebecca. Dr. Dre's estranged wife served him with divorce papers during his grandmother's funeral.
276. ↑ Dr. Dre 'Angry' After Being Served With $1.5M Divorce Papers At Grandmother's Funeral (October 20, 2021).
277. ↑ Daniels, Karu F.. Dr. Dre declared legally single amid messy divorce from Nicole Young.
278. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
279. ↑ Dr. Dre to Pay Ex-Wife Nicole Young $3.5 Million a Year in Spousal Support Amid Divorce | Entertainment Tonight.
280. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
281. ↑ Woods, Aleia (December 28, 2021). Dr. Dre to Pay Ex-Wife $100 Million in Divorce Settlement - Report.
282. ↑ Rap Star's Home Damaged in Fire (en-US) (1992-06-29).
283. ↑ Fire Damages Rap Singer's House, Injures 2 Firefighters (en-US) (1992-06-29).
284. ↑ The Violent Art, Violent Reality of Dr. Dre. *Los Angeles Times* (December 15, 1992).
285. ↑ Dr. Dre sentenced to eight months (en).
286. ↑ Rapper Dr. Dre Sentenced To 8 Months In Prison. *Philly.com* (September 1, 1994).
287. ↑ Dr. Dre Sentenced to Eight Months in Jail (en).
288. ↑ David, Emilia (2021-01-06). Details You Never Knew About Dr. Dre's Legal Issues (en-US).
289. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
290. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
291. ↑ Gardner, Eriq (2016-06-30). 'Straight Outta Compton' Lawsuit Survives Because of One Implication About Former N.W.A Manager (en-US).
292. ↑ Hassan, Jackie Wattles and Carma (2016-09-03). Jerry Heller, former N.W.A. manager, dies at 75.
293. ↑ Jerry Heller Is Dead, But His Lawsuit Against N.W.A. Isn't (en-US) (2016-09-11).
294. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
295. ↑ Suge Knight: Sheriff's Deputy Conspired with Dr. Dre to Kill Me.
296. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Dillon, Nancy. "Suge Knight's harsh jail rules blamed on 'massive scandal'". *New York Daily News*. Retrieved October 14, 2016.
297. ↑ Gonzalez, Sandra (July 26, 2016). Dr. Dre briefly detained by police.
298. ↑ Allah, Sha Be (July 26, 2016). The Source |Dr .Dre Arrested At His Malibu Home After Road Rage Incident.
299. ↑ Williams, David (2018-05-09). Rapper Dr. Dre loses a trademark dispute with ob/gyn Dr. Drai (en).
300. ↑ Dr. Dre and Jimmy Iovine Lose $25 Million Beats Lawsuit (en-US) (2018-06-27).
301. ↑ Maine, Samantha (2018-06-28). Dr. Dre has been ordered to pay out $25 million after losing a Beats By Dre lawsuit (en-GB).
302. ↑ Gardner, Eriq (2018-06-27). Dr. Dre, Jimmy Iovine Hit With $25M Verdict at Beats Trial (en-US).
303. ↑ Peters, Maxine (August 6, 2021). Dr Dre's daughter LaTanya Young talks about being homeless despite her father's $800 million fortune.
304. ↑ Bacardi, Francesca (August 4, 2021). Dr. Dre's oldest daughter, LaTanya Young, says she's homeless, living out of her car.
305. ↑ And the Nominees Are.
306. ↑ Past Winners Search – Dr. Dre. Grammy.com.
307. ↑ Past Winners Search – Andre Young. Grammy.com.
308. ↑ Grammy Awards History. Rock On The Net.
309. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
310. ↑ *The Defiant Ones* at IMDb
311. ↑ Mercante, Alyssa (December 15, 2020). Dr. Dre makes a surprise appearance in GTA Online Cayo Perico Heist.
312. ↑ Skrebels, Joe (December 8, 2021). GTA Online Is Getting a Franklin Story Expansion, Set Years After GTA 5. *IGN*. Ziff Davis.
313. ↑ Harold House Moore plays to Dr. Dre in All Eyez on Me. www.lamanagement.co.

Works cited
* Edwards, Paul (2009). *How to Rap: The Art and Science of the Hip-Hop MC.*. Chicago: Chicago Review Press. ISBN 978-1-569-76375-9. OCLC 527853431.
* Kenyatta, Kelly (2001). *You Forgot About Dre!: The Unauthorized Biography of Dr. Dre and Eminem: from NWA to Slim Shady: a Tale of Gangsta Rap, Violence, and Hit Records*. Los Angeles: Busta Books. ISBN 978-0-970-22249-7. OCLC 45162196. https://books.google.com/books?id=dCFq7jRrhFsC.
* Reeves, Marcus (2009). *Somebody Scream!: Rap Music's Rise to Prominence in the Aftershock of Black Power*. New York: Faber and Faber. ISBN 978-0865479975. OCLC 855701348. https://books.google.com/books?id=6gC1GkSRr0gC.
* Ro, Ronin (2007). *Dr. Dre: The Biography*. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press. ISBN 978-0-970-22249-7. OCLC 671560558. https://archive.org/details/drdrebiography00roro.

## External links

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* Official website
* Dr. Dre at IMDb

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