Ligne 150 KV - (Roanne - La Rivière)

### Date de suppression:

-Tunnel de Terrenoire à La Rivière : 1961-Roanne au tunnel de Terrenoire : suppression partielle et par étape entre 1985 et 2006

## Présentation:

La ligne Roanne - La Rivière est une ancienne ligne à 150 000 volts qui reliait les villes de Roanne et Saint-Etienne. Elle était au XXe siècle la "colonne vertébrale" du réseau électrique de la plaine du Forez. Déclassée dans les années 1980, elle est aujourd'hui en partie déposée.

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## Historique:

### *Génèse de la ligne :*

Les années 1920 furent marquées par le déploiement en France des premiers réseaux d'interconnexion régionaux entre sites de production et de consommation. Dans ce contexte, la Compagnie Electrique de la Loire et du Centre (CELC) s'allia avec plusieurs acteurs de l'industrie et de l'énergie pour fonder en 1921 la *Société de Transport d'Energie du Centre* (STEC). Cette dernière fut chargée de développer un réseau de transport de force entre l'Auvergne, la région Grenobloise et le Jura et dont le centre nerveux serait le poste de *La Rivière* à Saint-Etienne.

Un des premiers travaux dirigé par la STEC fut la construction d'une ligne à haute tension entre les villes industrielles de Roanne et Saint-Etienne, qui sera achevée en 1925.

### *Exploitation à 120 puis 150 KV :*

La ligne Roanne - La Rivière fut ainsi la première pierre du réseau à 120 000 volts projeté par la CELC. En 1930, la liaison fut prolongée vers le bassin industriel de Montluçon-Commentry via Bayet. Deux portiques à 2 niveaux furent installés devant le poste de Roanne pour y faire entrer conjointement les lignes Bayet-Roanne et Roanne - La Rivière.

La tension du réseau *STEC* fut relevée à 150 KV dès 1932 en vue de son raccordement au complexe hydroélectrique Sarrans-Brommat. La capacité de transit du 120 KV était en effet insuffisante vue la puissance des 2 usines de la Truyère (plus de 300MW en cumulé, record de France à l'époque).

Le développement du réseau électrique autour de Saint-Etienne entraîna la création dès 1941 d'un nouveau poste au nord de la ville; *Le Soleil*. La ligne y fût raccordée en coupure via 4 pylônes à 6 triangles.

L'année 1961 fut marquée par une profonde mutation du réseau autour du bassin industriel Stéphanois. EDF souhaitait visiblement définir clairement les rôles des deux grands postes de la ville. *Le Soleil* fut logiquement choisi pour recevoir le réseau à 150 000 volt tandis que cet échelon de tension disparaissait du poste de *La Rivière,* par lequel transitait l'artère à 225 KV entre Lyon et les usines hydrauliques du Massif central*.*

Conséquence de cette restructuration et de l'étalement urbain; la ligne Le Soleil - La Rivière fut presque entièrement démontée et un nouveau tronçon fut créé plus à l'Est pour raccorder au poste du *Soleil* les deux lignes Beaumont-Monteux - La Rivière (qui alimentaient Saint-Etienne dès 1922 depuis le barrage de la basse Isère). Le raccordement fut réalisé par l'installation d'un pylône à 6 triangles sur la commune de Planfoy, à 2 kilomètres au Sud-Est du poste de *La Rivière.*

En 1968, la ligne est de nouveau fracturée avec la mise en service d'un poste de transformation 150/63 KV à Feurs. Elle est alors déroutée sur 1,5 km pour y entrer en coupure.

Le développement du réseau à 225 KV dans la Loire entraîne son déclassement dans les années 1980. Elle est alors réutilisée pour le réseau local à 63 000 volts et même démontée plus tard sur certaines sections.

### *Déclassement et dépose partielle :*

* 1984 : Fin de l'exploitation à 150 KV sur la ligne Feurs-Le Soleil; les pylônes sont réutilisées pour créer les ligne à 63 000 volts Montrond-Veauche et Veauche-Le Soleil. La section Feurs - Montrond est probablement mise hors tension.
* 1986 : La ligne Bayet-Roanne est en grande partie désaffectée et partiellement réutilisée pour le réseau 63 KV. La liaison Roanne-Feurs, se retrouvant isolée, est déclassée également. L'échelon 150 KV disparaît ainsi du poste de Roanne tandis que la ligne est légèrement modifiée aux abords de Feurs, provoquant le retrait de 15 pylônes d'origines.
* 1988 : Démontage de la ligne Beaumont-Monteux - Le Soleil, ce qui entraîne de facto la dépose des derniers pylônes restants de l'ancien tronçon Le Soleil - La Rivière. Cet événement entérine la disparition du réseau 150 KV dans la Loire. La même année; La ligne Roanne-Feurs est déroutée vers le poste 400 KV de Grepilles au Nord la ville. Les anciens pylônes sont alors déposés entre le poste de Roanne et la voie ferrée Le Coteau - Saint-Germain-au-Monts-d'Or.
* Entre 2003 et 2006 : Démontage des pylônes sur 13 km entre Chamboeuf et Saint-Etienne suite à la mise en service de la ligne 225 KV Volvon-Le Soleil.

## Description du tracé:

* Depuis le poste de Roanne, la ligne partait vers le Sud-Est puis tournait rapidement plein Sud après avoir franchi l'ancienne voie ferrée Le Coteau-Montchanin. Elle croisait ensuite la voie ferrée du Coteau à Saint-Germain-au-Monts-d'Or. (Cette partie de la ligne a disparu aujourd'hui).
* La ligne actuelle suit plus ou moins le tracé de la voie ferrée Roanne - Saint-Etienne puis bifurque légèrement vers le Sud-Est au niveau de Saint-Jodard.
* Elle croise ensuite la N82, passe à l'Est de Balbigny et prend à nouveau la direction du Sud à Civens.
* Elle franchit la D89 puis chemine entre des étangs au niveau de Feurs puis croise la D496 entre Montrond-les-Bains et Bellegarde-en-Forez. De Feurs à Saint-Galmier, la ligne évolue parallèlement à la voie ferrée, à 1 ou 2 km à l'Est .
* Après Saint-Galmier, la ligne continue sur 2 km puis s'arrête au poste électrique de *Volvon*.
* Autrefois, elle poursuivait en direction du Sud-Est puis traversait les contreforts des monts du Lyonnais. Elle franchissait trois vallées avant de descendre sur Saint-Etienne.
* Dans l'agglomération Stéphanoise, elle bifurquait vers le Sud à hauteur de Saint-Jean-Bonnefonds puis surplombait l'entrée Ouest du tunnel ferroviaire de *Terrenoire* (C'est ici que démarrait le déroutage vers Beaumont-Monteux).
* Elle poursuivait vers le Sud sur environ 4 km puis partait à l'Ouest pour entrer dans le poste électrique de *La Rivière*.

## Tronçons récupérés pour la création de nouvelles lignes:

*Lignes à 150 000 volts :*

1. Ligne 150 KV - (Roanne - Le Soleil) - *de 1941 à 1968*
2. Ligne 150 KV - (Le Soleil - La Rivière) - *de 1941 à 1961*
3. Ligne 150 KV - (Beaumont-Monteux - Le Soleil) - *de 1961 à 1988*
4. Ligne 150 KV - (Roanne - Feurs) - *de 1968 à 1986*
5. Ligne 150 KV - (Feurs - Le Soleil) - *de 1968 à 1984*

*Suite au déclassement à 63 KV :*

1. *Ligne 63 KV - (Montrond-Veauche)* - *de 1984 à la mise en service du poste 225 KV de Volvon*
2. *Ligne 63 KV - (Veauche-Le Soleil)* - *de 1984 à la mise en service du poste 225 KV de Volvon*
3. *Ligne 63 KV - (Feurs-Roanne)* *- de 1986 à 1988*
4. Ligne 63 KV - (Feurs-Grepilles) *- de 1988 à 1991*
5. Ligne 63 KV - (Feurs-Neulise-Grepilles) - Piquage *- suite à la création du poste source de Neulise en 1991*
6. Ligne 63 KV - (Montrond-Volvon) - *créée entre 2003 et 2006*

## Notes:

La section de ligne entre Feurs et Montrond-les-Bains a été mise hors tension sans doute dès 1984 mais n'a toujours pas été démontée depuis.

Cette forme particulière des pylône est très caractéristique de l'ancien réseau d'interconnexion de la STEC. C'est la raison pour laquelle on ne retrouve ce type de support qu'en Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, à quelques exceptions près...

## Liens :

La Compagnie Electrique de la Loire et du Centre :

* https://www.persee.fr/doc/helec\_0758-7171\_1989\_num\_13\_1\_1096