Republic of Arracia

Mazure (in Mazuria)

3% Other

 Federal Presidential Constitutional Republic under State of Emergency (1879 - 1880)
 Federal Presidential Constitutional Republic under Martial Law (1880)
 Federal Dominant-Party Presidential Constitutional Republic (1881 - 1916)

## Miscellaneous

### Currency

Arracian Solar* Subdivided into 100 Solarii in 1, 5, 10, and 25 Solarii coinage denominations

The Republic of Arracia, oftened shortened to just Arracia, is a country located in Central-Eastern Eurysia. Made up of 13 provinces, the Republic of Arracia is so far one of the few nations to have adopted the federal and presidential model of government, a vast deviation from the Kingdom of Arracia which it supplanted. The Republic of Arracia was founded in the wake of the martyrdom of Asterio Totaro and the subsequent revolution it caused, memorialized today as the Arracian Civil War, a brief but bloody conflict which led to the monarchy's eventual exile to Novar del Ciavas. The Republic itself has faced no less tumult, with its political history being filled with instability, from its founding, all the way to the mid-to-late 1880s, with a combination of military interference in politics, a wide-spread culture of political patronage, and an alleged self-coup all contributing to the near-deaths of the Republic. However, with these threats eliminated, and a series of "successful" foreign interventions, Arracia has once again cemented its position as an up-and-coming great power, having once again reclaimed most of its colonial holdings, and beating back several nations such as the rising naval power of Reymich. The Republic of Arracia currently borders Kremwell, Achaeyand, Obechliand, Czervenia, Raszovia, and Arvel.

## History

### Revolution

#### Initial Anti-Monarchical Sentiment (Late-1600s to Early-1800s)

Ever since the enlightenment of the late-1600s, and a second greater enlightenment in the early-1700s, questions regarding the efficacy of the monarchy had reached mainstream hands, spurred on the by the invention of the printing press two centuries earlier. Philosophers, writers, theologians, and scientists of all fields all over the continent and in Alaeque, as well as more minor efforts in Ancorra, Eurysia, and Sequiva, began to challenge the long-established status quo, leading to a burst of new religious movements, sciences, disciplines, philosophical ideals, and political ideologies. The most important effect of the Enlightenment for Arracia however, were the rise in liberal sentiments in the country, driven and given mainstream voice by philosophers such as Bruno Gianelli, Marco Biscoppi, and Antonescin Bedoline. All of these men, along with several early feminist authors, such as Marietta Gromsci, advocated for a reduced monarchy, the codification of several inalienable rights, and the adoption of a Constitution. It wouldn't be until figures like Asterio Totaro and Francesco Algarotti pushed Republicanism in to the mainstream in the mid-1800s. For the meantime, however, anti-monarchist sentiments remained just that. Sentiments. The monarchy successfully clamped down on Enlightenment thought, preventing it from entering into the mainstream, and forcing many thinkers to flee. They would not however, keep it from going underground, which would set the catalyst for the future mass movement.

#### Foundation of the Arracian Republican Movement (1839 - 1860)

Asterio Totaro and Francesco Algarotti founded the Arracian People's League, later renamed to the Arracian People's Front in 1839. Contrary to popular belief, and many mainstream Arracian textbooks, the RFP was not the first mainstream Republican movement. In fact, by Totaro's own admission, the movement borrowed heavily from thought leaders who had come before him. What made the RFP special, however, was its effectiveness. Where previous movements splintered under the pressure of royal surveillance, or were not able to gain enough support to create a true mass-movement, Totaro and Algarotti took painstaking efforts to make their ideas known to the Arracian public, boosted by a brief period of relative press freedom from 1847 to 1856. This could be seen in their "Free Man's Reports" (FMR), which were a series of essays made available to the citizenry, emphasizing the decadence and total apathy of the monarchy to the people's problems, as well as the at-the-time financial crisis and backwardness of the country. In a now famous quotation from FMR 11, Totaro quipped, *"What is monarchy, but a construct of fickle imagination, backed up by weapons without reckoning? What is monarchy truly, without all the pomp, ceremony, and the army? What does the monarchy do for this country, now that it has vast oversees dominions, and millions toiling under their boots? Instead of uplifting the people, which it has more than enough power and resources to accomplish, the monarchy embarks on a regime of utter desolation, stripping this country bare so that they may rob us all..."*

The movement rapidly gained a following, and by 1848, it had reached a point of no-return. Soon, Totaro was giving rallies in front of tens of thousands in the capital of Bezian, with his largest being delivered in front of a crowd of 30,000 people. This, and increasing resentment from lower cadres of the Army, led to the monarchy coming to the negotiating table with the RFP, instituting, among other things, a congress of elected representatives, a liberal constitution, and the abolition of slavery on the mainland. These gains were reversed, however, when a coup deposed the current monarch, Loreno III, and replaced him with Georgio I, who immediately scrapped the constitution, disbanded the Royal Congress, and re-assumed full control. His biggest act, however, was the immediate crackdown on any republican movements that still remained. Algarotti was forced to flee to Obechliand, however he developed pneumonia when he tried to cross a river, and died. Totaro on the other hand, refused to leave the country, and went underground. For three years, he survived off of sympathizer's charity, constantly pursued by royalist forces. Eventually, he was found hiding out in a school, and was brought back to the capital. Despite promises of mercy, Georgio I had him publically executed in the old style, via hanging, drawing, and quartering, a method of execution which had not been used in 150 years. This lit the spark of revolution.

### Arracian Civil War (1860)

*Read about the Arracian Civil War*
The Arraccian Civil War, more accurately referred to as a bloody coup, would result from this action, and would, in just three-weeks, result in the total breakdown of royal authority in the entire country, the secession of Ralence, and the ending of monarchy's grip on the Arracian mainland. It would also start a republican craze across the continent, as Arracian ideals began to be exported to foreign countries, finding particular success in Obechliand and Kremwell.

### Early Republic (1860 - 1872)

*Read Nicodemo Calcagni*
*Read Giorgio Amelli*
*Read the Constitutional Crisis of 1880*
The Early Republic describes a period of massive and transformative social, political, and economic change in Arracia, roughly between the years of 1860, the year of Arracian transition from monarchism to republicanism, and 1872, which marked the end of the administration of the republic's second president, Giorgio Amelli. This period saw the rise and fall of Arracian idealism, the slow rise of a real Arracian conservative movement, and the opening sparks of a new republic, still unwieldy and shaky from its recent, surprisingly short but violent, birth. It started with the Constitutional Convention of 1860, wherein on the third of March, Nicodemo Calcagni adopted the liberal 1860 Arracian Constitution, a document which is mostly intact to this day. In it were guarantees for key rights in his vision for a new Arracian society, such the freedom of speech, assembly, religious, and press. After the constitution was adopted, elections were rapidly scheduled, electing Nicodemo Calcagni, former-Chairman of the Republican People's Front to the newly created position of President of the Republic o Arracia.

His cabinet would be extremely diverse, from all facets of the anti-Royalist movement with many chosen from the highest echelons of the Republican People's Front, such as his former deputy, Nicolò Ciccone, as Vice-President. Another important figure he would appoint to his first cabinet was Giorgio Amelli, a member of a faction of mild-mannered bureaucrats known as the "developmentalists." This period would see major political and economic upheaval. Deroyalization efforts undertaken by Calcagni would result in major land reforms and wealth redistribution, with nobles seeing entire fortunes and estates stripped away and redistributed to the peasantry. In addition, the republic would see infrastructure rapidly spring up throughout the country, undertaken by Amelli. Other public works projects, such as the city of Ciavar would also be undertaken during this time period. Cracks began to appear however after Calcagni's second term started. The Republican People's Party had at this point become so large, that many in party leadership described the act of securing enough votes for basic legislation to be "hellish". This came to ahead when the 1868, when a radical budget proposed by Calcagni to invest heavily into new infrastructure programs failed to pass through the Congress two separate times, threatening a government shutdown. Despite the budget finally passing two weeks before the deadline, it exposed a great truth, that being that the Republican People's Front would split asunder.

#### Political Dividies Within the RFP

The RFP would officially split asunder in