Captain

<Commander - Commodore>

## Background

"*One of the advantages of being a captain, Doctor, is being able to ask for advice without necessarily having to take it.*"

– **James T. Kirk** to **Helen Noel**, 2266 ("Dagger of the Mind")

**Captain** was a commissioned officer rank, the equivalent of which was used by the service organizations of many civilizations. The title of captain was often used by vessel commanders and, as a naval rank, in many Earth navies and Starfleet, was above commander. As an infantry rank, captains ranked subordinate to a major and above a first lieutenant.

## Earth History

On Earth, the title of captain was used as far back as the Middle Ages, where a captain was a nobleman commissioned to command a company of soldiers. One of the characters of William Shakespeare's play *Henry V* was quoted as saying "*Under what captain serve you?*" when approached on guard duty. (TNG: "The Defector")

By the 20th century, the rank of captain was common in Earth militaries and was used by all branches of service in the United States armed forces. The rank of captain was represented by a double rectangular silver bar uniform insignia for ground units and the equivalent of a colonel's eagle for naval captains. In 2364, the Q-entity took the form of a US Marine Corps captain when confronting Captain Picard. In this disguise, Q was quoted as stating "*All it takes is a few good men*." Q also appeared as a 16th century sea captain to the crew. (TNG: "Encounter at Farpoint")

The rank of captain was also used by World War II Germany. In the German army, the rank was translated as *Hauptmann* (headman), but in the SS, company captains were referred to as *Hauptsturmführer* ("head storm leader"). The collar insignia for this was a black square bordered with white, with three silver pips in a diagonal line, with two stripes underneath.

In a holodeck simulation of a Nazi campaign in France, a group of Hirogen pitted the crew of USS *Voyager* against holographic 1940s Germans. A US Army captain named Miller was the role assigned to Chakotay in the program; an SS *Hauptsturmführer* captain was another character in the simulation. (VOY: "The Killing Game", "The Killing Game, Part II")

*The Nazi captain in "The Killing Game" was played by J. Paul Boehmer. He was billed as the SS*Kapitän*, although his rank insignia was that of a*Hauptsturmführer*. In ENT: "Storm Front", Boehmer wore the same uniform, but with*Untersturmführer*insignia, this time credited as "SS Agent".*

In the 22nd century, T. Ginwald and T. Pine were captains in the United Earth Military. (*Star Trek Beyond*)

## Starfleet Captains

By the mid 22nd century, captain was a senior line officer rank of most space services and usually given to the commanding officers of starships. This naval rank was equivalent to the Romulan Star Empire's commander grade, the Cardassian Union's title of gul and the Ferengi Alliance's quasi-military DaiMon title.

Captains of starships, often located hundreds of light years away from and out of communications with higher authority, needed to be able to function autonomously and make independent command decisions affecting Federation policy and countless lives. Accordingly, few Starfleet officers ever gained the captaincy of a starship, the result of decades of sustained excellence as a Starfleet leader. (TOS: "Court Martial")

A senior captain given a large degree of responsibility or administrative assignment was sometimes given the title of fleet captain.

The rank of captain could also be held by non-command personnel, especially on ships with a number of veteran and senior officers whose experience had warranted advancement to the rank of captain but without command of a starship. Such was the case on the USS *Enterprise*-A, where the senior staff consisted of no less than three captains: the commanding officer (James T. Kirk), the first officer (Spock), and the chief engineer (Montgomery Scott). (*Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country*) Captain Scott had previously held his rank of captain while chief engineer of the USS *Excelsior*, where he was known as the "captain of engineering". (*Star Trek III: The Search for Spock*)

*Montgomery Scott is shown wearing a captain's rank pin in*Star Trek III: The Search for Spock*, yet a commander's insignia in the final court martial scene of*Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home*, possibly indicating that his rank of captain was temporary, or that this rank was revoked due to his taking part in the hijacking of the*Enterprise*.*

The rank of captain could also be held by staff officers, such as those assigned to as a Judge Advocate General sector officer. Such was the case with Phillipa Louvois, who was a sector JAG officer in 2365. (TNG: "The Measure Of A Man") Reaching the rank of captain in other non-command branches of Starfleet was generally considered difficult, as noticed by one security officer, who once remarked "*You don't make captain by wearing a gold shirt*". (DS9: "The Adversary") However, the rank was apparently obtainable in both the sciences and operations division, as the rank was held by Captain Krasnovsky in 2267, although he may have held command qualification while also being a science officer, and Vice Admiral Toddman presumably held the rank sometime before 2371. (TOS: "Court Martial"; DS9: "The Die is Cast")

*Krasnovsky is the only character in*Star Trek*to be seen wearing a sciences uniform while holding the rank of captain, while Jadzia Dax and Spock held the title of captain in a sciences uniform, but not the actual rank. Leonard McCoy also presumably once held the rank, since he was an admiral in 2364, but wasn't seen in a uniform.*

Tryla Scott was said to have achieved the rank of captain faster than anyone in Starfleet history as of 2364. (TNG: "Conspiracy")

In the 2360s, K'Vada, Kargan, Korris, Kurn, Larg, and Tel-Peh were captains in the Klingon Defense Force. (TNG: "Heart of Glory", "Redemption II"; DS9: "Dramatis Personae") In the 2150s, Vorok was a captain in the Klingon Imperial Fleet. (ENT: "Unexpected")

*According to the*Star Trek Encyclopedia*(4th ed., vol. 2, p. 9), captain was a rank in the Military Assault Command Operations in the 2150s. The insignia for this rank was on display in a diagram of MACO rank and insignia.*

When Lieutenant commander Data was asked in 2368 by Timothy why he wasn't captain of the *Enterprise-D*, Data explained that "*My service experience does not yet warrant such a position.*" (TNG: "Hero Worship")

Some noted captains in Starfleet history were:

* Captain Jonathan Archer of *Enterprise* NX-01
* Captain Balthazar Edison of USS *Franklin*
* Captain Richard Robau of the USS *Kelvin*
* Captain Robert April of the USS *Enterprise*
* Captain Philippa Georgiou of the USS *Shenzhou*
* Captain Christopher Pike of the USS *Enterprise* and USS *Discovery*
* Captain Gabriel Lorca of the USS *Buran*
* Captain James T. Kirk of the USS *Enterprise* and USS *Enterprise*-A
* Captain Hikaru Sulu of the USS Excelsior
* Captain Jean-Luc Picard of the USS *Enterprise*-D and the USS *Enterprise*-E
* Captain Benjamin Sisko of Deep Space 9 and the USS *Defiant*
* Captain Kathryn Janeway of the USS *Voyager*
* Captain William T. Riker of the USS *Titan* and USS *Zheng He*
* Captain Carol Freeman of the USS *Cerritos*
* Captain Saru of the USS *Discovery*
* Captain Michael Burnham of the USS *Discovery*

*The Starfleet of the alternate reality established in 2233 by the temporal incursion of the Romulan Nero had the following noteworthy captains*:

* *Captain Frank Abbott of the USS*Bradbury'
* *Captain Christopher Pike of the USS*Enterprise'
* *Captain James T. Kirk of the USS*Enterprise*and USS*Enterprise*-A*