LSD

## Lysergic acid diethylamide

An LSD Molecule represented in three unique ways. You can also play around with a 3D model here!

## Advanced Info

### Synthesis Description

On *ChemistryHall*
On *YouTube*

**Lysergic acid diethylamide**, (abbreviated **LSD**), is a psychedelic drug known for its psychological effects, which may include altered awareness of one's surroundings, perceptions, and feelings as well as sensations and images that seem real though they are not. It is used mainly as a recreational drug and for spiritual reasons. LSD is typically either swallowed or held under the tongue. It is often sold on blotter paper, a sugar cube, or gelatin. It can also be injected.

## Function

Although it is not known the exact chemical interactions and receptors that interact with the LSD molecule to produce it's marked effects, it has been observed that receptors which normally detect serotonin trap the LSD molecule within them, which *may* explain how the drug's trips last so long and why it is possible to still perceive effects from micro-dosing. This is conflicted by other reports though. The point is no one knows for 100% sure.

## Effects

The most common immediate psychological effects of LSD are visual hallucinations and illusions, (colloquially known as "trips"), which can vary greatly depending on how much is used and how the brain responds. Trips usually start within 20–30 minutes of taking LSD by mouth (less if snorted or taken intravenously), peak three to four hours after ingestion, and last up to 12 hours. Negative experiences, referred to as "bad trips", produce intense negative emotions, such as irrational fears and anxiety, panic attacks, paranoia, rapid mood swings, intrusive thoughts of hopelessness, wanting to harm others, and suicidal ideation. It is impossible to predict when a bad trip will occur. Good trips are stimulating and pleasurable, and typically involve feeling as if one is floating, disconnected from reality, feelings of joy or euphoria (sometimes called a "rush"), decreased inhibitions, and the belief that one has extreme mental clarity or superpowers.

Some sensory effects may include an experience of radiant colors, objects and surfaces appearing to ripple or "breathe", colored patterns behind the closed eyelids (eidetic imagery), an altered sense of time (time seems to be stretching, repeating itself, changing speed or stopping), crawling geometric patterns overlaying walls and other objects, and morphing objects. Some users, including Albert Hofmann, report a strong metallic taste for the duration of the effects.

LSD causes an animated sensory experience of senses, emotions, memories, time, and awareness for 6 to 14 hours, depending on dosage and tolerance. Generally beginning within 30 to 90 minutes after ingestion, the user may experience anything from subtle changes in perception to overwhelming cognitive shifts. Changes in auditory and visual perception are typical. Visual effects include the illusion of movement of static surfaces, ("walls breathing"), after image-like trails of moving objects ("tracers"), the appearance of moving colored geometric patterns (especially with closed eyes), an intensification of colors and brightness ("sparkling"), new textures on objects, blurred vision, and shape suggestibility. Users commonly report that the inanimate world appears to animate in an inexplicable way; for instance, objects that are static in three dimensions can seem to be moving relative to one or more additional spatial dimensions. Many of the basic visual effects resemble the phosphenes seen after applying pressure to the eye and have also been studied under the name "form constants". The auditory effects of LSD may include echo-like distortions of sounds, changes in ability to discern concurrent auditory stimuli, and a general intensification of the experience of music. Higher doses often cause intense and fundamental distortions of sensory perception such as synaesthesia, the experience of additional spatial or temporal dimensions, and temporary dissociation.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.newscientist.com/article/2119397-how-lsd-affects-the-brain-and-creates-its-trippy-effect/

Oneirogens & Neurotransmitters

**Hallucinogenics:** **LSD**
**Oneirogens:** Calea Zacetechichi ☁ Entada Rheedii ☁ Salvia divinorum (Salvinorin A)
**Neurotransmitters:** Dopamine ☁ Serotonin