Terminology

This is just a small compilation of historical terms, slang and lexicon from *Beyond Our World*.

## Weapons

### United Republic of Arcadia

* **Winchester Model 1897 shotgun** - A pump-actionshotgun with an external hammer and tube magazine manufactured by the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. The Model 1897 was an evolution of the Winchester Model 1893 designed by John Browning. From 1897 until 1957, over one million of these shotguns were produced. The Model 1897 was offered in numerous barrel lengths and grades, chambered in 12 and 16 gauge, and as a solid frame or takedown. The 16-gauge guns had a standard barrel length of 28 inches, while 12-gauge guns were furnished with 30-inch length barrels. Special length barrels could be ordered in lengths as short as 20 inches or as long as 36 inches. Since the time the Model 1897 was first manufactured, it has been used to great effect by American military personnel, law enforcement officers and hunters.
* **Vickers machine gun** - A water-cooled .303 British (7.7 mm) machine gun produced by Vickers Limited, originally for the British Army. The gun was operated by a three-man crew but typically required more men to move and operate it: one fired, one fed the ammunition, the others helped to carry the weapon, its ammunition, and spare parts.
* **Colt New Service** - A large frame, large caliber, double-action revolver made by Colt from 1898 until 1941.
* **Lion-class Battlecruiser** - A pair of battlecruisers built for the Royal Navy before World War I. Nicknamed the **"Splendid Cats"**, the ships were a significant improvement over their predecessors of the Indefatigable class in speed, armament and armour.
* **M1903 Springfield** - An American five-round magazine-fed, bolt-action service repeating rifle, used primarily during the first half of the 20th century.
* **M1905 bayonet** - A 16-inch (40.6 cm) steel blade and a 4-inch (10.16 cm) handle with wooden or plastic grips. The bayonet also fits the U.S. M1 Garand rifle. From 1943 to 1945, a shorter, 10-inch (25.4 cm), bladed version was produced with black or dark red molded plastic grips and designated the M1 bayonet.
* **M1911 pistol** - A single-action, recoil-operated, semi-automatic pistol chambered for the .45 ACP cartridge.
* **M1917 bayonet** - Designed to be used with the US M1917 Enfield .30 caliber rifle, as well as with the seven different U.S. trench shotguns. The blade was 17 inches (43 cm) long. It will not fit the M1903 .30 caliber (Springfield) or the M1 .30 caliber (Garand) US service rifles as they have different bayonet ring (barrel) and attachment stud dimensions.
* **M1917 Browning machine gun** - A heavy machine gun used by the United States armed forces in World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War; it has also been used by other nations. It was a crew-served, belt-fed, water-cooled machine gun that served alongside the much lighter air-cooled Browning M1919. It was used at the battalion level, and often mounted on vehicles (such as a jeep).
* **M1917 Enfield** - An American modification and production of the .303-inch (7.7 mm) Pattern 1914 Enfield (P14) rifle, which was developed and manufactured during the period 1917–1918. Numerically, it was the main rifle used by the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe during World War I.
* **M1917 Revolver** - Six-shot, .45 ACP, large frame revolvers adopted by the United States Military in 1917, to supplement the standard M1911 pistol during World War I. There were two variations of the M1917, one made by Colt and the other by Smith & Wesson. They used moon-clips to hold the cartridges in position, facilitate reloading, and to aid in extraction since revolvers had been designed to eject rimmed cartridges and .45 ACP rounds were rimless for use with the magazine-fed M1911. After World War I, they gained a strong following among civilian shooters.
* **M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle** - A family of American automatic rifles and machine guns used by the United States and numerous other countries during the 20th century. The BAR was designed to be carried by infantrymen during an assault advance while supported by the sling over the shoulder, or to be fired from the hip. This is a concept called "walking fire"—thought to be necessary for the individual soldier during trench warfare.
* **Browning Auto-5** - A recoil-operated semi-automatic shotgun designed by John Browning and manufactured by Fabrique Nationale de Herstal. It was the first successful semi-automatic shotgun design, and remained in production until 1998. The name of the shotgun designates that it is an autoloader with a capacity of five rounds, four in the magazine and one in the chamber.
* **Maxim gun** - A recoil-operated machine guninvented in 1884 by Hiram Stevens Maxim. It was the first fully automatic machine gun in the world/
* **Lewis gun** - A First World War–era light machine gun. Designed privately in the United States though not adopted there, the design was finalised and mass-produced in the United Kingdom, and widely used by troops of the British Empire during the war. It had a distinctive barrel cooling shroud (containing a finned, aluminium breech-to-muzzle heat sink to cool the gun barrel) and top-mounted pan magazine.
* **Remington Model 10** - A pump-action shotgundesigned in 1908 by John Pedersen for Remington Arms. It has an internal striker within the bolt and a tube magazine which loaded and ejected from a port in the bottom of the receiver.
* **Smith & Wesson Model 10** - A K-frame revolver of worldwide popularity. In production since 1899, the Model 10 is a six-shot, .38 Special, double-action revolver with fixed sights.

### Federal Republic of Germania

* **Beholla pistol** - A secondary military pistol used by the Imperial German Army, manufactured from 1915 until 1918.
* **Bergmann MG 15nA machine gun** - A World War I light machine gun produced by Germany starting in 1915. It used 100- and 200-round belts and utilized a bipod, which allowed the weapon to be mounted on a flat surface for more accurate firing.
* **Dreyse M1907** - A semi-automatic pistol designed by Louis Schmeisser. The gun was named after Nikolaus von Dreyse, the designer and inventor of the Dreyse Needle Gun. The pistol had an interesting feature for the time: when the gun was ready to fire, the firing pinprojected through the back of the breech block, serving as an early handgun-cocking indicator. For cleaning, the frame, receiver and slide pivoted forward on a pin in front of the trigger guard. The pistol and its derivatives was of simple blowback recoil operation, though of unusual design.
* **Gewehr 98** - A German bolt-action rifle made by Mauser, firing cartridges from a five-round internal clip-loaded magazine. It was the German service rifle from 1898 to 1935, when it was replaced by the Karabiner 98k, a shorter weapon using the same basic design.
* **Gewehr 1888** - A late 19th-century German bolt-action rifle, adopted in 1888. The invention of smokeless powder in the late 19th century immediately rendered all of the large-bore black powder rifles then in use obsolete.
* **Hebel Model 1894** - A flare gun used in both World Wars by Germany and various countries.
* **Kugelhandgranate** - A model of hand thrown fragmentation grenade manufactured in Germany, also known as **Mod. 1913**.
* **Langenhan pistol** - A German pistol, designed by Friedrich Langehan and used by German military men, and the police during World War I. It was a simple blowback pistol fed by an eight-round single-stack detachable box magazine stored in the grip; the pistol is almost an exact mechanical copy of the FN M1900. The return spring for the slide is located just above the barrel; cartridges are ejected off to the right of the weapon. The Langenhan's slide was held on only by one screw which tends to wear down and rattle loose through continuous firing. If this goes unnoticed, the slide could fly off the weapon and hit the shooter, possibly injuring him/her
* **Luger pistol** - A toggle-locked recoil-operated semi-automatic pistol, which was produced in several models and by several nations from 1898 to 1949.
* **M1879 Reichsrevolver** -
* **Madsen machine gun** - A light machine gun that Julius A. Rasmussen and Theodor Schouboe designed and proposed for adoption by Colonel Vilhelm Herman Oluf Madsen, the Danish Minister of War, and that the Royal Danish Army adopted in 1902. It was the world's first true light machine gun produced in quantity and Madsen was able to sell it in 12 calibres to over 34 countries.
* **Mauser C96** - A semi-automatic pistol that was originally produced by German arms manufacturer Mauser from 1896 to 1937. The distinctive characteristics of the C96 are the integral box magazine in front of the trigger, the long barrel, the wooden shoulder stock, which gives it the stability of a short-barreled rifle and doubles as a holster or carrying case, and a grip shaped like the handle of a broom.
* **Mauser Tankgewehr M1918** - A German anti-tank rifle—the first rifle designed for the sole purpose of destroying armored targets—and the only anti-tank rifle to see service in World War I.
* **MG 08** - The German Army's standard machine gun in World War I and is an adaptation of Hiram S. Maxim's original 1884 Maxim gun. It was produced in a number of variants during the war. The MG 08 served during World War II as a heavy machine gun in many German infantry divisions, although by the end of the war it had mostly been relegated to second-rate fortress units.
* **Model 17 grenade** - A small defensive and offensive hand grenade which was used by Germany during World War I. The average soldier could throw it 40 meters or farther. The body of the grenade was initially smooth and thus difficult to hold so the design was modified with the addition of a raised band to provide better grip.
* **MP 18** - A German submachine gun designed and manufactured by Bergmann Waffenfabrik. Introduced into service in 1918 by the German Army during World War I, the MP 18 was intended for use by the Sturmtruppen, assault groups specialized in trench combat, as a short-range offensive weapon that would provide individual soldiers with increased firepower over a pistol.
* **Stielhandgranate** - A prominent series of World War I and World War II–era German stick grenade designs, distinguished by their long wooden handles, pull cord arming and cylindrical warheads.
* **Maschinengewehr 08** - The German Army's standard machine gun in World War I and is an adaptation of Hiram S. Maxim's original 1884 Maxim gun. It was produced in a number of variants during the war. The MG 08 served during World War II as a heavy machine gun in many German infantry divisions, although by the end of the war it had mostly been relegated to second-rate fortress units.
* **Wechselapparat** - A World War I German flamethrower introduced in 1916 to replace the earlier Kleif. Developed by Richard Fiedler, as early as 1901. It had a doughnut-shaped backpack fuel container with a spherical propellant container (nitrogen) in the middle that blasted the gasoline. The containers were made of welded car rims, which made it easier to carry it yourself. A corrugated rubber hose led from the tank at the ends of which there were valves that enables mixture of fuel and propellant dispensing under pressure to the metal fuel pipe which had handles on both sides. Wex used a magnesium ignition system in a nozzle. In order for the fire to burn longer, tar was added to the gasoline or instead of it fuel oil was completely used up.
* 8.8 cm Flak 18-36 -
* **Seitengewehr 98** - A bayonet used with the Gewehr 98 rifle by Germany. It was designed in response to the French Épée-Baïonnette Modèle 1886.

### Marmont Republic

* **Berthier rifle** - A family of bolt-action small arms in 8mm Lebel, used in the French Army, and French Colonial Forces, from the 1890s to the beginning of World War II (1940). After the introduction of the Lebel rifle in 1886, the French Army wanted a repeating carbine using the same ammunition as the Lebel to replace their single shot carbine based on the Gras rifle. At the time, many armies based their carbines on their standard rifle model, however the Lebel rifle's tube magazine made it difficult to follow this approach.
* **Canon de 155 mm GPF** - A WWI-era French-designed 155 mm gun used by the French Army and the United States Army during the first half of the 20th century in towed and self-propelled mountings.
* **Canon de 75 modèle 1897** - A quick-firing field artillery piece adopted in March 1898. It was designed as an anti-personnel weapon system for delivering large volumes of time-fused shrapnel shells on enemy troops advancing in the open. After 1915 and the onset of trench warfare, impact-detonated high-explosive shells prevailed. By 1918 the 75s became the main agents of delivery for toxic gas shells. The 75s also became widely used as truck mounted anti-aircraft artillery. They were the main armament of the Saint-Chamond tank in 1918.
* **Karabiner 98 kurz** - A bolt-action rifle chambered for the 7.92×57mm Mauser cartridge. It was adopted on 21 June 1935 as the standard service rifle by the German Wehrmacht. It was one of the final developments in the long line of Mausermilitary rifles. Although supplemented by semi-automatic and fully automatic rifles during World War II, the Karabiner 98k remained the primary German service rifle until the end of the war in 1945.
* **3.7 cm Pak 36** - A 3.7 cm / 37mm caliber German anti-tank gun used during the Second World War. It was the main anti-tank weapon of Wehrmacht Panzerjäger units until 1942. Developed by Rheinmetall in 1933, it was first issued to the German Army in 1936, with 9,120 being available by the beginning of the war in September 1939 and a further 5,339 produced during the war. As the predominant anti-tank gun design in the world during the late 1930s, demand was high for the Pak 36, with another 6,000 examples produced for exportand the design being copied by the Soviet Union as the 45 mm anti-tank gun M1932 (19-K) and by other nations such as Japan.
* **Renault FT** - A French light tank that was among the most revolutionary and influential tank designs in history. The FT was the first production tank to have its armament within a fully rotating turret. The Renault FT's configuration (crew compartment at the front, engine compartment at the back, and main armament in a revolving turret) became and remains the standard tank layout. Consequently, some armoured warfare historians have called the Renault FT the world's first modern tank.
* **Bretagne-class Battleship** - The first "super-dreadnoughts" built for the French Navy during the First World War. The class comprised three vessels: Bretagne, the lead ship, Provence, and Lorraine. They were an improvement of the previous Courbet class, and mounted ten 340 mm (13.4 in) guns instead of twelve 305 mm (12 in) guns as on the Courbets. A fourth was ordered by the Greek Navy, though work was suspended due to the outbreak of the war. The three completed ships were named after French provinces.
* **Lebel Model 1886 rifle** - An 8 mm bolt-action infantry rifle that entered service in the French Army in 1887. It is a repeating rifle that can hold eight rounds in its fore-stock tube magazine, one round in the elevator plus one round in the chamber; equaling a total of ten rounds held. The Lebel rifle has the distinction of being the first military firearm to use smokeless powder ammunition.
* **Model 1892 revolver** - A French service revolver produced by Manufacture d'armes de Saint-Étienne as a replacement for the MAS 1873 revolver. It was the standard issue sidearm for officers in the French military during the First World War.
* **RSC M1917** - A gas-operated, semi-automatic rifle placed into service by the French Army during the latter part of World War I. It was chambered in 8mm Lebel, the rimmed cartridge used in other French Army infantry weapons of the time.
* **Ruby pistol** - A semi-automatic pistol of .32 ACP calibre made by Gabilondo y Urresti and other Spanish companies.

### Holy Kingdom of Romalia

* Astra-Unceta y Cia SA
* **Beretta Model 1915** - A semi-automatic pistol manufactured by Beretta, designed by Tullio Marengoni who was the chief engineer in the company, to replace the Glisenti Model 1910 which had a complex and weak firing mechanism. It is the first semi-automatic pistol which was manufactured by the company, and issued as a service pistol in Royal Italian Army during World War I.
* **Bodeo Model 1889** - An Italian revolver named after the head of the Italian firearm commission, Carlo Bodeo. It was produced by a wide variety of manufacturers between 1889 and 1931 in both Spain and Italy.
* **Carcano** - A series of Italian bolt-action, internal magazine fed, repeating military rifles and carbines.
* **Chauchat** - The standard light machine gun or "machine rifle" of the French Army during World War I (1914–18). Its official designation was "Fusil Mitrailleur Modele 1915 CSRG" ("Machine Rifle Model 1915 CSRG").
* **Fiat–Revelli Modello 1914** - An Italian water-cooled medium machine gun produced from 1914 to 1918. It was the standard machine-gun of the Italian Army in World War I, and was used in limited numbers into World War II. The ammunition was fed from a awkward large box magazine, which could hold 50 rounds and fired the same 6.5mm round issued for the Carcano rifle. Like many machine guns of that period, it was water cooled and somewhat cumbersome.
* **Glisenti Model 1910** - A 9 mm calibre semi-automatic service pistol produced by the Italian company Società Siderurgica Glisenti. It was put in production in 1910 to replace the aging Bodeo Model 1889. It saw extensive service in World War I and World War II with the Royal Italian Army. The Model 1910 has a complex and weak firing system which mandates that the pistol ought to use weaker cartridges than pistols of comparable calibre.
* **M1870 Italian Vetterli** - The Italian service rifle from 1870 to 1891. In 1887, it would be modified into the repeating M1870/87 Italian Vetterli-Vitali variant. The Vetterli rifle used the 10.4mm Vetterli centrefire cartridge, at first loaded with black powder and later with smokeless powder. Some Vetterli rifles would later be converted into 6.5×52mm Carcano during World War I. Despite being supplanted by the Carcano rifle, it continued to see use in Italian service and abroad.

### Kingdom of Freezenburg

* **Swedish Mauser** - A family of bolt-action riflesbased on an improved variant of Mauser's earlier Model 1893, but using the 6.5×55mm Swedish cartridge, and incorporating unique design elements as requested by Sweden.

### Reustal Federation

* **Mosin–Nagant** - A five-shot, bolt-action, internal magazine–fed military rifle.
* **Nagant M1895** - A seven-shot, gas-seal revolver designed and produced by Belgian industrialist Léon Nagant for the Russian Empire.
* **PM M1910** - A heavy machine gun that was used by the Imperial Russian Army during World War I and the Red Army during the Russian Civil War and World War II.

### Kanto Empire

* **Nambu pistol** - A series of semi-automatic pistols produced by the Japanese company Koishikawa Arsenal, later known as the Tokyo Artillery Arsenal.
* **Taishō 14 machine gun** - A Japanese air-cooled heavy machine gun.
* **Type 26 revolver** - The first modern revolver adopted by the Imperial Japanese Army. It is an amalgamation of design features from other revolvers made during the time period. The revolver has a design flaw in that the cylinder freewheels when not engaged, so during movement (such as in combat) it may rotate to an already fired chamber.
* **Type 30 rifle** - A box-fed bolt-action repeating rifle that was the standard infantry rifle of the Imperial Japanese Army from 1897 until 1905.
* **Type 35 rifle** - Created from the Type 30 rifle for the Imperial Japanese Navy as a replacement for their aging Type 22 Murata rifles and to try to correct the deficiencies of the Type 30. The 35 referred to the adoption date, the Year 35 (1902) in the Meiji periodaccording to the Japanese calendar.
* **Type 38 rifle** - A bolt-action service rifle that was used by the Empire of Japan predominantly during the Second Sino-Japanese War and Second World War. The design was adopted by the Imperial Japanese Army in 1905. Due to a lack of power in its 6.5×50mmSR Arisaka cartridge, it was partially replaced during the war with the Type 99 rifle, but both rifles saw usage until the end of the war.