Web 3.0 Stack

Web 3.0 refers to the next generation of Internet technology that will revolutionise the current Internet architecture. With the advent of blockchain technology and smart contracts, Web 3.0 brings huge advantages in terms of protecting user privacy and improving transaction efficiency. To realise such advantages, a number of new technologies and concepts have been introduced into the Web3.0 Stack.

The Web 3.0 Stack can be divided into three layers: the application layer, the protocol layer and the foundation layer. This article will explore the technologies included in each layer and their importance.

The Application Layer

In Web 3.0, the application layer provides a variety of decentralised applications (DApps). Compared to traditional Internet applications, DApps are more secure, transparent and have community-driven power. In order to develop DApps, the following technologies are required:

Solidity programming language

Solidity is the programming language for smart contracts. It is similar to JavaScript and allows developers to write ethereum-based smart contracts. A smart contract is an automatically executed contract in which the code and the results of the calculations are stored on the blockchain. solidity is one of the most popular smart contract programming languages. It can be written and debugged through integrated development environments such as Remix.

IPFS

IPFS is a decentralised file storage protocol that enables files to be stored on the network in a distributed manner. Its main advantages are data reliability, security and transparency. data stored in DApps can be stored using IPFS, which ensures that data cannot be tampered with or corrupted.

Web3.js

Web3.js is a JavaScript library for interacting with the ethereum blockchain. It allows developers to create and deploy smart contracts and communicate with the blockchain using JavaScript. web3.js provides some easy-to-use APIs such as eth.accounts and eth.getBalance.

The protocol layer

The protocol layer is the core component of the Web3.0 stack. At this layer, blockchain technology is combined with other protocols to enable decentralised, secure and scalable applications. The following are some of the key technologies in the protocol layer:

Ether (Ethereum) protocol

Ethereum is one of the most important protocols in Web 3.0, providing a programmable blockchain platform for creating and deploying smart contracts. The key features of the Ethereum protocol are programmability, transparency and decentralisation.

InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) protocol

The IPFS protocol is a decentralised file storage protocol that provides a new way to store and access files in a distributed manner. Compared to traditional web technologies, the IPFS protocol is more secure, transparent and reliable.

Whisper Protocol

The Whisper protocol is part of Ethernet and provides point-to-point messaging capabilities. It can be used to protect user privacy and ensure the secure delivery of messages. the Whisper protocol is used in a wide range of applications in DApps, such as instant messaging, voting, etc.

Foundation layer

The Foundation Layer provides the infrastructure required by the Ethernet network. The following are some of the key technologies in this tier:

Consensus Mechanisms

Consensus Mechanisms are the rules and algorithms for how to reach agreement in a distributed system. The Ethernet network uses the Proof of Work (PoW) consensus mechanism and may also consider adopting the Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism in the future. the PoW mechanism requires miners to solve mathematical puzzles to earn block rewards, while the PoS mechanism determines the probability of a user earning a block reward based on the number of tokens they hold.

Blockchain Browser

The Blockchain Browser is a web application used to view transactions and block information on the blockchain. The most popular blockchain browsers on the ethereum network include Etherscan, Blockchair and others. Developers can use these tools to query specific transactions or blocks and track the results of smart contract execution.

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