London

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**London** is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south-east of England, at the head of its Template:Convert estuary leading to the North Sea, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. *Londinium* was founded by the Romans. The City of London, London's ancient core − an area of just Template:Convert and colloquially known as the Square Mile − retains boundaries that closely follow its medieval limits. The City of Westminster is also an Inner London borough holding city status. London is governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.

London is considered to be one of the world's most important global cities and has been called the world's most powerful, most desirable, most influential, most visited, most expensive, sustainable, most investment-friendly, and most-popular-for-work city. It exerts a considerable impact upon the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transportation. London ranks 26th out of 300 major cities for economic performance. It is one of the largest financial centres and has either the fifth- or the sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP. It is the most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the busiest city airport system as measured by passenger traffic. It is the leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. London's universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe, and London is home to highly ranked institutions such as Imperial College London in natural and applied sciences, the London School of Economics in social sciences, and the comprehensive University College London and King's College London. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted three modern Summer Olympic Games.

London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2018 municipal population (corresponding to Greater London) was 8,908,081, the third most populous of any city in Europe and accounts for 13.4% of the UK population. London's urban area is the third most populous in Europe, after Moscow and Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The London commuter belt is the second-most populous in Europe, after the Moscow Metropolitan Area, with 14,040,163 inhabitants in 2016.Template:Refn

London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement in Greenwich where the Royal Observatory, Greenwich defines the Prime Meridian (0° longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. Other landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square and The Shard. London has numerous museums, galleries, libraries and sporting events. These include the British Museum, National Gallery, Natural History Museum, Tate Modern, British Library and West End theatres. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world.Template:TOC limit

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34. ↑ "Global Cities Investment Monitor 2017" (PDF). KPMG. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
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41. ↑ Bourke, Joanna (11 March 2015). "NYC Is No Longer the No. 1 City for the Super-Wealthy". *Curbed*. Retrieved 27 August 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
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45. ↑ "Top Universities: LSE". Retrieved 21 September 2019.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
46. ↑ "IOC elects London as the Host City of the Games of the XXX Olympiad in 2012". International Olympic Committee. 6 July 2005. Retrieved 3 June 2006.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
47. ↑ "Languages spoken in the UK population". National Centre for Language. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 6 June 2008.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Template:Webarchive
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49. ↑ "Largest EU City. Over 7 million residents in 2001". Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 8 January 2009. Retrieved 28 June 2008.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
50. ↑ "Focus on London – Population and Migration | London DataStore". Greater London Authority. Archived from the original on 16 October 2010. Retrieved 10 February 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
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53. ↑ "The London Plan (March 2015)". *London.gov.uk*. The Greater London Authority. 15 October 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2017.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
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