France

**France**, officially the **Kingdom of France**, is a country in Europe. It borders Spain and Andorra to the southwest, the Bowser Empire and Germany to the northwest, and Switzerland, Italy and Monaco to the south east. It is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the west, the North Sea on the northwest and the Mediterranean Sea on the south east. Of France's 18 regions, five are overseas departments, the largest of which being French Guiana in South America.

Its surface area of 643,801 square kilometers makes France the second-largest country in Europe and the 39th-largest in the world. With a population of over 67.1 million inhabitants, it is the third-most populous country in Europe and the 23rd in the world.

France has long been a global centre of art, science, and philosophy. It is the leading tourist destination, receiving around 83 million foreign visitors annually.

France is a founding member of the League of Nations and the Latin League. There have been 2 French Latin Secretaries.

History

In ancient times, the region of present-day France was the territory of the Gauls, a Celtic people. They were conquered by the Romans in 51 BC and the French language developed in the period of Roman occupation. In 476, the Germanic Franks arrived and formed the Kingdom of France.

France won the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) and became a major European power since then, eventually establishing a global colonial Empire during the Renaissance. By the 17th century, it was the dominant power in Europe. The French absolute monarchy was overthrown by republicans in the French Revolution in the 1790s.

In 1792, Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orleans, became the president of the National Council. One year later, he proclaimed himself king, taking the name Louis XVIII after legitimizing Louis XVII. He ruled for 8 years until his Chief Minister Napoleon took control in 1801. When his cousin Louis XIX died on 8 April 1824, there was much excitement for Louis XVIII's son to become king. Upon his coronation, he took the name Louis XX.

Napoleon, an ambitious military leader, re-established the French Empire in the early 19th century and led the Napoleonic Wars, which France lost, initiating an unstable period of several monarchical governments. After the Bourbon Dynasty (1814-1830) and the Orleans Restoration (1830-1870) ended after the end of the Franco-Prussian War, a war that resulted in the creation of the German Empire and the overthrow of the Orlean Dynasty, a temporary Second Republic was installed.

Many French people were excited about a possible Bourbon Restoration, but the Republic feared installing a Bourbon could spark another Revolution, so they decided to install the Duke of Aosta as King of France. This angered many people, especially Nationalists and Republicans, who felt a true French should rule France. As a compromise, Amadeo and the Republic agreed on the title for *Head of Government* to be changed to "President", a title that remains to this day.

The Third Republic from 1871 to 1940. France was a major member of the victorious Quadruple Entente in the Great War, in which they regained Alsace-Lorraine, which was lost to Germany. However during the war, Italy was on the side of the Central Powers, the very coalition France was fighting against. Many, if not all of the French citizens expected the French monarchy to cut ties with the Italians, but they remained in contact, which sparked debate whether the Government was plotting against the Nazis at WWII

Despite their failure at 1940 angry French Republicans blamed the Vichy France at 1943-44 on their initial failures due to their lack of participation in the Great War and the fact that they were Italians, their enemy. Protests ensued, at first trying to install the Bourbons on the throne, and then trying to install a French Republic. The returning French Military gained the support of the protesters and together they staged a coup against Hitler. The German Army and the Loyalists Move Backward where they vowed to end the republican regime, right before sailing back to German Mainland for safety.

    The current government is the French Third Republic, created in 1920 as a compromise between the Military and People. Most French colonies, notably Kanem, became independent in the 1960s while others such as French Islands have remained part of France to this day.

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Names in Other Languages