Anatomy of the Central Nervous System

**Anatomy**

Fornix and forniceal commissure
Corticospinal tracts (and corticobulbar tract)
Optic tract, geniculocalcarine tract and optic radiation
Internal capsule & components | Middle thalamic radiation
Spinothalamic tract and spinal lemniscus
Medial lemniscus system
Spinocerebellar tracts
Rubrospinal tract | Anterior, posterior, habenular commissures
Posterior & inferior thalamic radiations
**Auditory system**
*Lateral lemniscus*
*Inferior brachium*
*Auditory radiation*

Association tracts (subcortical WM)
Anterior thalamic radiation
Trigeminothalamic tract
Reticular formation
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Frontal, temporal, parietal, & occipital lobes
**Key gyri**
*Precentral*
*Postcentral*
*Precuneus*
*Calcarine*
*Cingulate*
*Operculum*
*Hippocampus & components*
*Frontal*
*Orbital*
*Superior parietal & paracentral lobules*
*Gyrus rectus*
*Supramarginal and angular*
*Cuneus*
*Lingual*
*Occipitotemporal*
*Temporal*
*Parahippocampal gyrus & Subiculum*
*Pyriform cortex*
Lateral (Sylvian) fissure
Central (Rolandic) sulcus
Callosal sulcus
Cingulate sulcus
Parietooccipital fissure
Calcarine sulcus
Circular sulcus | Collateral sulcus
Superior & inferior frontal
Superior & inferior temporal
Postcentral | Temporooccipital notch
Occipitotemporal
Fimbriodentate
Intraparietal
Cortical sensory system
Auditory system
Visual System | Olfactory system
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
*Lateral and medial genicular bodies*Pineal gland
Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)
Substantia nigra
Superior and inferior colliculi | Subthalamic nucleus
Thalamic nuclei
*Ventral posterior nucleus*Red nucleus
Pontine nuclei
Olivary nucleus
Hypothalamus
*Infundibulum*
*Mammillary body*
Third ventricle & boundaries
Cerebral aqueduct
Fourth ventricle
Obex, median (Magendie) and
lateral (Luschka) foramina
Choroid plexus | Septum pellucidum, velum interpositum
Choroid fissures of lateral ventricles
Superior medullary velum
Interpeduncular cistern
Ambient cistern
Quadrigeminal cistern
Prepontine cistern
Cerebellopontine cistern
Premedullary & perimedullary cisterns
Cavernous sinus, walls and contents
Neurohypophysis & stalk
Adenohypophysis
Pituitary blood supply & portal system
Retina, optic nerve & chiasm
Oculomotor nerve & nucleus, ciliary ganglion
Trochlear nucleus & n.
Trigeminal nuclei, ganglion & roots
Abducens nucleus & n.
Facial nucleus & n.
Vestibulocochlear nerve & spiral ganglion
Glossopharyngeal nerve & ganglia
Vagus nerve & ganglia
Accessory nucleus & n.
Hypoglossal nucleus & n. |  | Edinger-Westphal nucleus
Spinal trigeminal tract nucleus
Superior salivary nucleus, lacrimal nucleus, facial motor nucleus, facial sensory components
Vestibular nuclei, cochlear nucleus
Inferior salivary nucleus
Motor & dorsal nuclei
Multi-nerve nuclei
*Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve*
*Nucleus of tractus solitarius*

*Nucleus ambiguus*Mesencephalic ganglion
*Hypoglossal, abducens, trochlear, oculomotor*Brachiomotor efferent
*Motor nucleus of VII*

*Motor nucleus of V*Somatic sensory (Trigeminal sensory)
Vestibular and cochlear nuclei |  | Brachiomotor efferent (Nucleus ambiguus)
Somatic sensory
*Mesencephalic, spinal*Visceral sensory (Nucleus of tractus solitarius)
Visceral motor efferent
Arachnoid mater (in general)
Dura mater (in general)
Falx cerebri
Tentorium cerebelli
Falx cerebelli
Middle meningeal artery
Subarachnoid space (in general)
Subdural space (in general)
Extradural space (in general) | Meningeal blood supply
Vermis
Cerebellar tonsils
Dentate nuclei
Ophthalmic artery and branches
Circle of Willis configuration and common variations
Middle cerebral artery (MCA), segments & branches
Anterior cerebral artery (ACA), segments & branches
Anterior communicating artery (AComA)
Posterior cerebral artery (PCA), segments & branches
Vertebral & basilar artery
Anterior & posterior spinal arteries
Posterior communicating artery (PComA)
Cerebellar arteries (SCA, AICA, PICA)
Arterial territories on crosssectional imaging, variations | Extradural ICA branches
*Inferolateral trunk*
*Menigohypophyseal trunk*
*Artery of Vidian canal*
Anterolateral and anteromedial perforating arteries including artery of Heubner
Intracranial – extracranial anastomoses
*Ophthalmic/facial*
*Inferolateral & maxillary*

Posterolateral perforating arteries
Posteromedial perforating arteries
Internal cerebral vein
Basal vein (of Rosenthal)
Great cerebral vein (of Galen)
Venous sinuses | Venous territories and overlap
Thalamostriate vein
Septal veins
Anterior cerebral vein
Deep middle cerebral vein
Cortical veins
Superior anastomotic vein (of Trolard)
Inferior anastomotic vein (of Labbe)
Cervical enlargement
Cervical cord
Thoracic cord
Lumbar enlargement
Conus medullaris
Filum terminale
Posterior horn and sensory neurons
Dorsal root ganglion
*Anterior corticospinal tract*
*Medial longitudinal fasciculus*

*Spinothalamic tract*Lateral funiculi (columns)
*Lateral corticospinal tract*
*Corticorubral tract*

*Spinocerebellar tracts*Dorsal funiculi (columns)
Fasciculus and nucleus gracilis
Fasciculus and nucleus cuneatus
Dorsal nerve roots
Denticulate ligament
Pia mater
Arachnoid mater
Dura mater
Subarachnoid space
Subdural space
Pain & temperature sensation
Vibration & proprioception sensation | Thoracic autonomic outflow
Posterior spinal artery
Spinal segmental reinforcing arteries (esp. Adamkiewicz)