LPIC 1 Examen 101

## 101.1 Determine and configure hardware settings

Tools and utilities to list various hardware information (e.g. lsusb, lspci, etc.)

Tools and utilities to manipulate USB devices

Conceptual understanding of sysfs, udev, dbus

```
/sys/
/proc/
/dev/
modprobe
lsmod
lspci
lsusb

```

## 101.2 Boot the system

Provide common commands to the boot loader and options to the kernel at boot time

Demonstrate knowledge of the boot sequence from BIOS to boot completion

Understanding of SysVinit and systemd

Awareness of Upstart

Check boot events in the log files

```
dmesg
BIOS
bootloader
kernel
initramfs
init
SysVinit
systemd

```

## 101.3 Change runlevels / boot targets and shutdown or reboot system

Set the default runlevel or boot target

Change between runlevels / boot targets including single user mode

Shutdown and reboot from the command line

Alert users before switching runlevels / boot targets or other major system events

Properly terminate processes

```
/etc/inittab
shutdown
init
/etc/init.d/
telinit
systemd
systemctl
/etc/systemd/
/usr/lib/systemd/
wall

```

## 102.1 Design hard disk layout

Allocate filesystems and swap space to separate partitions or disks

Tailor the design to the intended use of the system

Ensure the /boot partition conforms to the hardware architecture requirements for booting

Knowledge of basic features of LVM

```
/ (root) filesystem
/var filesystem
/home filesystem
/boot filesystem
swap space
mount points
partitions

```

## 102.2 Install a boot manager

Providing alternative boot locations and backup boot options

Install and configure a boot loader such as GRUB Legacy

Perform basic configuration changes for GRUB 2

Interact with the boot loader

```
menu.lst, grub.cfg and grub.conf
grub-install
grub-mkconfig
MBR

```

## 102.3 Manage shared libraries

Identify shared libraries

Identify the typical locations of system libraries

Load shared libraries

```
ldd
ldconfig
/etc/ld.so.conf
LD_LIBRARY_PATH

```

## 102.4 Use Debian package management

Install, upgrade and uninstall Debian binary packages

Find packages containing specific files or libraries which may or may not be installed

Obtain package information like version, content, dependencies, package integrity and installation status (whether or not the package is installed)

```
/etc/apt/sources.list
dpkg
dpkg-reconfigure
apt-get
apt-cache
aptitude

```

## 102.5 Use RPM and YUM package management

Install, re-install, upgrade and remove packages using RPM and YUM

Obtain information on RPM packages such as version, status, dependencies, integrity and signatures

Determine what files a package provides, as well as find which package a specific file comes from

```
rpm
rpm2cpio
/etc/yum.conf
/etc/yum.repos.d/
yum
yumdownloader

```

## 103.1 Work on the command line

Use single shell commands and one line command sequences to perform basic tasks on the command line

Use and modify the shell environment including defining, referencing and exporting environment variables

Use and edit command history

Invoke commands inside and outside the defined path

```
bash
echo
env
export
pwd
set
unset
man
uname
history
.bash_history

```

## 103.2 Process text streams using filters

Send text files and output streams through text utility filters to modify the output using standard UNIX commands found in the GNU textutils package

```
cat
cut
expand
fmt
head
join
less
nl
od
paste
pr
sed
sort
split
tail
tr
unexpand
uniq
wc

```

## 103.3 Perform basic file management

Copy, move and remove files and directories individually

Copy multiple files and directories recursively

Remove files and directories recursively

Use simple and advanced wildcard specifications in commands

Using find to locate and act on files based on type, size, or time

Usage of tar, cpio and dd

```
cp
find
mkdir
mv
ls
rm
rmdir
touch
tar
cpio
dd
file
gzip
gunzip
bzip2
xz
file globbing

```

## 103.4 Use streams, pipes and redirects

Redirecting standard input, standard output and standard error

Pipe the output of one command to the input of another command

Use the output of one command as arguments to another command

Send output to both stdout and a file

```
tee
xargs

```

## 103.5 Create, monitor and kill processes

Run jobs in the foreground and background

Signal a program to continue running after logout

Monitor active processes

Select and sort processes for display

Send signals to processes

```
&
bg
fg
jobs
kill
nohup
ps
top
free
uptime
pgrep
pkill
killall
screen

```

## 103.6 Modify process execution priorities

Know the default priority of a job that is created

Run a program with higher or lower priority than the default

Change the priority of a running process

```
nice
ps
renice
top

```

## 103.7 Search text files using regular expressions

Create simple regular expressions containing several notational elements

Use regular expression tools to perform searches through a filesystem or file content

```
grep
egrep
fgrep
sed
regex(7)

```

## 103.8 Perform basic file editing operations using vi

Navigate a document using vi

Use basic vi modes

Insert, edit, delete, copy and find text

```
vi
/, ?
h,j,k,l
i, o, a
c, d, p, y, dd, yy
ZZ, :w!, :q!, :e!

```

Topic 104: Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

Manage MBR partition tables

Use various mkfs commands to create various filesystems such as: ext2/ext3/ext4; XFS; VFAT

Awareness of ReiserFS and Btrfs

Basic knowledge of gdisk and parted with GPT

```
fdisk
gdisk
parted
mkfs
mkswap

```

## 104.2 Maintain the integrity of filesystems

Verify the integrity of filesystems

Monitor free space and inodes

Repair simple filesystem problems

```
du
df
fsck
e2fsck
mke2fs
debugfs
dumpe2fs
tune2fs
XFS tools (such as xfs_metadump and xfs_info)

```

## 104.3 Control mounting and unmounting of filesystems

Manually mount and unmount filesystems

Configure filesystem mounting on bootup

Configure user mountable removable filesystems

```
/etc/fstab
/media/
mount
umount

```

## 104.4 Manage disk quotas

Set up a disk quota for a filesystem

Edit, check and generate user quota reports

```
quota
edquota
repquota
quotaon

```

## 104.5 Manage file permissions and ownership

Manage access permissions on regular and special files as well as directories

Use access modes such as suid, sgid and the sticky bit to maintain security

Know how to change the file creation mask

Use the group field to grant file access to group members

```
chmod
umask
chown
chgrp

```

## 104.6 Create and change hard and symbolic links

Create links

Identify hard and/or soft links

Copying versus linking files

Use links to support system administration tasks

```
ln
ls

```

## 104.7 Find system files and place files in the correct location

Understand the correct locations of files under the FHS

Find files and commands on a Linux system

Know the location and purpose of important file and directories as defined in the FHS

```
find
locate
updatedb
whereis
which
type
/etc/updatedb.conf

```