照明控制系统设计，第二部分：设计准则

Course Number: 000000001052↵Educator: Craig DiLouie, LC
EE105：照明控制系统设计，第2部分：设计基础↵课程编号：000000001052↵教育家: Craig DiLouie, LC

### **EDUCATION CREDIT 教育学分**

At the end of this course, participants will be able to complete an online exam, with a passing grade of 70+% to qualify for CALCTP (CALCTP), NLCAA (NLCAA) and LEU (NCQLP) credit and 80+% for LU/HSW hours (AIA/CES). Upon a passing grade, you will be able to download a Certificate of Completion for each type of credits. For CALCTP, NLCAA and LC certification maintenance (LEUs), credits are self-reported. For AIA /CES, Lighting Controls Association will report credit earned for this course to AIA CES.

在本课程结束时，学员将能够完成在线考试，以 70+%的及格率获得CALCTP (CALCTP), NLCAA (NLCAA) 和 LEU (NCQLP) 学分，以及80+%的LU/HSW学时（AIA/CES）。一旦你的成绩及格，你就可以下载每种学分的结业证书。对于 CALCTP, NLCAA和 LC认证维护（LEUs），学分是自报的。对于AIA CES，照明控制协会将向AIA CES报告本课程的学分。

### **NO ENDORSEMENT BY ACCREDITING ORGANIZATIONS 未经认证机构认可**

This course is registered with NCQLP and AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by these organizations of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.

本课程在NCQLP和AIA CES注册，用于继续专业教育。因此，它不包括可能被视为或解释为这些组织对任何施工材料或任何处理、使用、分发或处理任何材料或产品的方法或方式的批准或认可的内容。

### **COPYRIGHT 版权**

This presentation is protected by US and International copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the Lighting Controls Association is prohibited.

本演示文稿受美国和国际版权法保护。未经照明控制协会书面许可，禁止复制、分发、展示和使用演示文稿。

### *DISCLAIMER***免责声明**

The information contained in this course has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. Damages arising from errors, omissions or damages as a result of the use or misuse of the data or information contained in this course are not the responsibility of the Lighting Controls Association, National Electrical Manufacturers Association, ZING Communications, Inc. or their employees or members. All information contained in this course is published for professionals seeking information about the subjects contained therein. It is not the intent of this course provide professional services such as design, engineering or consulting. If these services are sought, they should be rendered by properly trained, registered,  regulated and insured professionals.

本课程所包含的资料是从可靠来源取得的。因使用或误用本课程所含数据或信息而导致的错误、遗漏或损坏，照明控制协会、美国电气制造商协会、ZING Communications，Inc.或其员工或成员概不负责。本课程所包含的所有信息都是为专业人士发布的，这些专业人士需要了解其中包含的主题。本课程的目的不是提供设计、工程或咨询等专业服务。如果寻求这些服务，则应由经过适当培训、注册、监管和投保的专业人员提供。

### ***COURSE DESCRIPTION*课程描述**

As demand for lighting controls continues to grow, advanced solutions are becoming increasingly specified while

   also becoming increasingly sophisticated. This increasing sophistication translates to greater owner benefit but can also pose greater risk of design and installation mistakes.

随着对照明控制的需求不断增长，先进的解决方案也变得越来越具体，同时也变得越来越复杂。这种日益复杂的技术为业主带来了更大的利益，但也可能带来更大的设计和安装错误的风险。

For the designer, one key to success is to clearly express the design intent, or basis of design, during the conceptual design phase so as to provide a common roadmap for the functionality of the lighting control system. This learning module describes the written lighting controls narrative, which expresses the design intent.

对于设计师来说，成功的一个关键是在概念设计阶段清楚地表达设计意图或设计基础，以便为照明控制系统的功能提供一个共同的路线图。本学习模块描述了书面照明控制叙述，表达了设计意图。

Lighting Control System Design, Part 2: Basis of Design provides an understanding of the conceptual design phase for lighting control systems. Participants will learn about the importance of a written lighting controls narrative, including suggested formats and examples. At the end of the course, participants will be able to use the written lighting control narrative effectively as a roadmap to the control system usable by all project participants.

照明控制系统设计，第2部分：设计基础提供照明控制系统概念设计阶段的理解。学员将了解书面照明控制叙述的重要性，包括建议的格式和示例。课程结束时，参与者将能够有效地使用书面照明控制叙述，作为所有项目参与者可使用的控制系统的路线图。

### ***LEARNING OBJECTIVES* 学习目标**

At the end of the course, participants will be able to:↵● understand the importance of the written lighting control narrative as the realization of the conceptual design phase for the lighting control system.↵● recognize requirements related to the written lighting control narrative in the ASHRAE/IES 90.1-2010 energy standard.↵● produce a written lighting control narrative using the guidance, sample formats and example language provided.↵● use the written lighting control narrative effectively as a roadmap to the control system usable by all project participants.

课程结束后，学员将能够：↵● 理解书面照明控制叙述作为照明控制系统概念设计阶段实现的重要性↵● 识别ASHRAE/IES 90.1-2010能源标准中与书面照明控制叙述相关的要求↵● 使用提供的指南、样本格式和示例语言编写书面照明控制叙述↵● 有效地使用书面照明控制叙述，作为所有项目参与者可使用的控制系统路线图。

### ***CONCEPTUAL DESIGN*概念设计**

   ​​​Now that we have learned what the owner needs, we can begin conceptualizing a lighting control system that will satisfy these needs. This concept, called the basis of design or design intent, assigns control strategies to individual spaces with as much supporting information as possible.

现在，我们已经了解了业主的需要，我们可以开始概念化的照明控制系统，将满足这些需求。这一概念被称为设计或设计意图的基础，通过尽可能多的支持信息为各个空间分配控制策略。

The control design concept is expressed in a written design document called the controls narrative. The narrative describes the lighting control system, including a sequence of operations, or description of system outputs in response to various inputs for each control point.

控制设计概念在一份称为控制叙述的书面设计文件中表达。叙述性描述了照明控制系统，包括一系列操作，或对系统输出的描述，以响应每个控制点的各种输入。

### ***WRITTEN CONTROLS NARRATIV*书面控制叙述**

   Going beyond what drawings can communicate, the narrative provides a common guide and reference for the project.↵● support contract document and specification preparation;↵● provide clear direction during bidding to contractors and manufacturers; identify criteria for testing and accepting the control system; and ↵●serve as a general reference for the owner detailing how the control system operates.

除了图纸可以传达的内容之外，叙述为项目提供了一个共同的指导和参考。↵●支持合同文件和规范编制↵●在投标过程中向承包商和制造商提供明确的指导；确定控制系统的测试和验收标准；以及↵●作为业主详细说明控制系统如何运行的一般参考。

### ***BENEFITS OF THE WRITTEN CONTROLS NARRATIVE* 书面控制叙述的好处**

    Designers benefit by accessing a common roadmap describing the lighting control system's intended functionality, which increases the likelihood of satisfying the owner. Contractors and manufacturers have clear direction for bidding. Installers are less likely to commit costly errors. The commissioning authority has a reference for verification of the design concept against the owner project requirements. The party responsible for performance testing knows what to test, how to test it, and criteria for acceptance. The owner is more likely to receive a quality product that satisfies its requirements, increasing the likelihood of acceptance by the owner and system users.

设计师通过访问描述照明控制系统预期功能的通用路线图而受益，这增加了满足业主要求的可能性。承包商和制造商有明确的投标方向。安装程序犯错误的代价可能更低。调试机构可根据业主项目要求，对设计概念进行验证。负责性能测试的一方知道要测试什么，如何测试，以及验收标准。所有者更有可能获得满足其需求的高质量产品，从而增加了所有者和系统用户接受的可能性。

### ***BENEFITS OF THE WRITTEN CONTROLS NARRATIVE*书面控制叙述的好处**

Below is a matrix, developed by The Weidt Group, that illustrates the relative degree of difficulty (and expense) of correcting problems during construction, and whether a lighting controls narrative would likely make an impact on avoiding these problems. According to the matrix, a controls narrative would have the biggest impact to ensure controls are not struck from the project, that they are calibrated, that the correct equipment is selected, and that users are given the amount of control they want.

以下是Weidt Group开发的矩阵，该矩阵说明了施工期间纠正问题的相对难度（和费用），以及照明控制叙述是否可能对避免这些问题产生影响。根据矩阵，控制叙述将具有最大的影响，以确保控制不会从项目中受到影响，它们被校准，选择了正确的设备，并为用户提供了他们想要的控制量。

### ***THE WRITTEN CONTROLS NARRATIVE AND ENERGY CODES*书面控制叙述和能量代码**

    The written controls narrative is a very important design document because it informs the finished design, and yet it is often missing in project documents. However, it may become commonplace in the future as commercial building model energy codes address documentation and commissioning. The ASHRAE/IES 90.1-2010 energy standard requires the following documentation be delivered to the owner within 90 days after acceptance of the control system:↵● record drawings of the actual installation;↵● submittal data for all controls;↵● recommended schedule for inspection and recalibration; and↵● a complete control narrative showing "how each lighting control system is intended to operate, including recommended settings."

书面控制叙述是一个非常重要的设计文档，因为它为完成的设计提供了信息，但是它经常在项目文档中缺失。然而，随着商业建筑模型能源规范涉及文件编制和调试，这在未来可能会变得司空见惯。ASHRAE/IES 90.1-2010能源标准要求在控制系统验收后90天内将以下文件交付给业主：↵​​​● 实际安装的记录图纸↵● 所有控制装置的提交资料↵● 建议的检查和重新校准时间表；以及↵● 完整的控制说明，说明“每个照明控制系统的操作方式，包括建议的设置。”

### ***SHARING THE ROADMAP*分享路线图**

The lighting controls narrative should be shared with other project participants as needed, such as the owner, other design disciplines, the installer, manufacturers and the commissioning authority. If the document is changed during the project, the refreshed version should be distributed so that everyone is working from the latest version.

照明控制说明应根据需要与其他项目参与者共享，如业主、其他设计专业、安装人员、制造商和调试机构。如果文档在项目期间发生了更改，则应分发更新后的版本，以便每个人都能从最新版本开始工作。

At the conclusion of the project, the document should be given to the owner as part of the System Manual for the control system. The design intent should be communicated to facility operators and users so they understand the system goals and positive and negative impacts on energy savings that may occur if the system is adjusted.

项目结束时，应将该文件作为控制系统系统手册的一部分交给业主。设计意图应传达给设施运营商和用户，以便他们了解系统目标以及系统调整后可能对节能产生的积极和消极影响。

### ***ELEMENTS OF THE CONTROLS NARRATIVE*****控制叙述的要素**

As there is no gold standard defining how to write a controls narrative, the designer should use their best judgment in its preparation. At a minimum, it should include at least two main elements:↵● preamble describing purpose of document and general description of the project goals and control strategies intended to satisfy these goals;↵● a description of the lighting controls in each space and a sequence of operations for these controls, which describes how the controls relate to each other and how they respond to various inputs, such as whether occupancy is detected.

由于没有界定如何编写控制说明的黄金标准，设计者在编写时应运用其最佳判断力。至少应包括以下两个主要内容：↵●序言，说明文件的目的，并对项目目标和旨在实现这些目标的控制战略作一般性说明；↵●说明每个空间的照明控制和这些控制的操作顺序，说明这些控制如何相互关联和如何对各种输入做出反应，例如是否检测到有人居住；

The document may change or be fleshed out over time as the project moves from the pre-design (programming) to finished design and ultimately construction and occupancy. The overriding concern is that the information is presented in a way so that it can be clearly understood by all project participants.

随着项目从前期设计(方案编制)到完成设计，以及最终的施工和入住，该文件可能会随着时间的推移而改变或充实。最重要的问题是，信息的所呈现的方式要让所有项目参与者都能清楚地理解。

### ***PROJECT GOALS 项目目标***

Here is an example of a preamble and general project goals, including relevant codes, for a new office building：↵"This lighting controls narrative serves as the basis of design for the project's lighting control systems. It is intended to inform preparation of relevant contract documents and specifications; guide manufacturers and contractors during bidding, shop drawing development and system installation; be used by parties engaged in programming, device calibration, performance testing and fine tuning; and guide the owner and operators concerning the system's rationale and operation.

下面是一个序言和一般项目目标的例子，包括相关的规范，对于新的办公楼来说：↵"本照明控制说明是项目照明控制系统设计的基础。其目的是为编写有关合同文件和规格提供信息；在投标、绘制施工图和系统安装过程中为制造商和承包商提供指导；参与编程、设备校准、性能测试和微调的各方使用；并就系统的原理和操作为业主和操作人员提供指导。

"The lighting controls must satisfy the mandatory control requirements as defined in the ASHRAE/IES 90.1-2007 energy standard. Select control strategies implemented by the lighting systems go beyond these requirements to support LEED certification."

"照明控制必须满足ASHRAE/IES 90.1-2007能源标准中规定的强制性控制要求。照明系统实施的特定控制策略超出了这些要求，以支持LEED认证"。

So we know that lighting will be turned OFF when it is not in use, and strategies not required by the standard, such as daylight harvesting and personal diming control, may be considered to reduce energy consumption and potentially generate LEED points.

所以我们知道，当不使用时照明会被关闭，而标准中没有要求的策略，如日光收集和个人调光控制，可能会被考虑，以减少能源消耗，并可能产生LEED积分。

Obviously, the more direction the owner provides regarding the project requirements, the more responsive the design can be to owner needs.

显然，业主对项目需求提供的指导越多，设计就越能满足业主的需求。

### ***CONTROL STRATEGIES*控制策略**

Next follows a general description of the control strategies used in the project:↵"The interior lighting controls will enact two primary strategies intended to minimize energy consumption: 1) automatic shutoff via occupancy sensors in small, enclosed spaces and via a timeclock-based low-voltage control system in larger, open spaces, and 2) daylight harvesting in all spaces receiving high, consistent levels of daylight contribution, notably the main lobby and private and open office spaces.

接下来是对项目中使用的控制策略的总体描述：↵"室内照明控制将实施两个主要战略，旨在最大限度地减少能源消耗。(1) 在小型封闭空间通过占用传感器自动关闭，在较大的开放空间通过基于计时器的低电压控制系统自动关闭；(2) 在所有日照水平较高且稳定的空间，特别是在主要大厅以及私人和开放的办公空间进行日光收集。

In certain spaces lacking daylight and where personal safety is an issue, such as corridors illuminated by electric lighting, select lights will remain ON at all times during normal hours of occupancy.

在某些缺乏日光和人身安全有问题的空间，如由电灯照明的走廊，选择的灯将在正常使用时间内始终保持开启。

In presentation spaces, notably the meeting and training rooms, flexibility will be provided to enable users to select preset light levels.

在演示空间，特别是会议室和培训室，将提供灵活性，使用户能够选择预设的光线水平。

Lighting controls will also turn exterior lighting ON/OFF using a photocell/timeclock based on curfew (grounds lighting) or dusk-to-dawn operation (security lighting)."

照明控制还将根据宵禁时间（地面照明）或从黄昏到黎明的操作（安全照明），使用光电管/时间钟开启/关闭外部照明。"

### ***LIGHTING CONTROL SYSTEM DESCRIPTION* 照明控制系统说明**

The lighting controls system description may take the form of a written description in a simple, consistent format. It may describe the controls in each general space type (e.g., open offices, private offices, meeting rooms, etc.) or each specific space (e.g., room 101, 102, 103, etc.), depending on whether the applied system is common to multiple general space types or unique to a few specific space types.

照明控制系统说明可以采取简单、一致的书面说明形式。它可以描述每个一般空间类型(如开放的办公室、私人办公室、会议室等)或每个具体空间(如101、102、103室等)的控制，这取决于所应用的系统是多个一般空间类型共同的还是几个具体空间类型所特有的。

For example, for all private offices in our office building, suppose we want to implement manual-ON and dimming, daylight harvesting dimming, and vacancy sensing for automatic shutoff:

例如，在我们的写字楼里的所有的私人办公室，假设我们要实现手动开机和调光，日光采集调光，和空位感应自动关机。

"In each private office, ON/OFF control of the general lighting will be provided by a combination of manual switching and vacancy sensing. The fluorescent general lighting will be dimmable using dimmable electronic ballasts. During operation, light levels may be manually reduced by the occupant or automatically reduced by a daylight harvesting controller.

"在每个私人办公室，一般照明的开/关控制将由手动开关和空位感应相结合的方式提供。荧光灯一般照明将使用可调光电子镇流器进行调光。在操作过程中，照明水平可由使用者手动降低，或由日光收集控制器自动降低。

When the occupant enters the space, they can turn the lights ON using a manual dimmer-switch, and have the option of adjusting light levels to personal preference or need. If the lights turn OFF and ON again, the lights will activate and automatically adjust to the last user setting. During operation, a photosensor will automatically raise/lower light levels over a continuous 100 to 1-20 percent range to harvest available daylight into energy savings.

当居住者进入空间后，可以使用手动调光开关将灯打开，并可根据个人喜好或需要选择调整灯光亮度。如果关灯后再开灯，灯光会激活并自动调整到用户最后的设置。在操作过程中，光传感器会在100％至1-20％的连续范围内自动提高/降低光照水平，以收集可用的日光，从而节约能源。

The daylight harvesting controller will maintain the design light level or, if lower, the user-set light level. A vacancy sensor, capable of providing 100% room coverage for minor body motion such as typing, will turn the lights OFF automatically after 15 minutes of the sensor determining that the space is unoccupied."

日光采集控制器将保持设计的光照水平，如果较低，则保持用户设定的光照水平。空置传感器，能够为打字等轻微的人体运动提供100%的房间覆盖率，在传感器确定空间无人居住15分钟后，将自动关灯。"

This description is quite detailed; the more detailed the controls narrative, the more likely the design will achieve the project goals.

这种描述是相当详细的，控制叙述越详细，设计越有可能实现项目目标。

### ***LIGHTING CONTROL SYSTEM DESCRIPTION*** **照明控制系统说明**

    Another approach is a matrix, as shown below. The example office building is broken down in its space types, and the control strategies identified for each. On the far right columns are two codes. The first connects the control system to wiring diagrams in the construction documents. The second describes the control system used in each space type, and how it works within that space type. This approach works particularly well for complex projects where we have a lot of individual space types. Instead of space types, we might instead use room numbers pulled from the drawings.

另一种方法是矩阵，如下图所示。办公楼的例子按其空间类型细分，并确定了每种类型的控制策略。最右边的一列是两个代码。第一个将控制系统与施工文件中的布线图连接起来。第二种描述了每个空间类型中使用的控制系统，以及它如何在该空间类型中工作。这种方法特别适用于复杂的项目，在这些项目中，我们有很多独立的空间类型。我们可能不使用空间类型，而是使用从图纸中提取的房间号。

### ***OTHER INFORMATION*其他信息**

    Other types of information could be included in the written controls narrative:↵● project-wide comments;↵●references to related documents such as wiring diagrams, control zoning and equipment specifications and cut sheets;↵●performance testing criteria for each control system as a basis for commissioning and, ultimately, acceptance;↵● initial calibration settings.

其他类型的信息可列入书面控制说明中：↵●整个项目的意见。↵●相关文件的参考资料，如接线图、控制分区和设备规格及切割图。↵●每个控制系统的性能测试标准，作为调试和最终验收的基础↵● 初始校准设置。

### ***YOU’RE FINISHED*****你完成了**

This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course Lighting Control System Design, Part 2: Basis of Design.

美国建筑师协会继续教育系统课程《照明控制系统设计》第二部分：设计基础到此结束。

Please take a moment to provide feedback about your experience with this course.

请花点时间提供您对本课程的体验反馈。

You may also take the Comprehension Test to test your learning and to qualify for LEU (NCQLP LC) and LU/HSW (AIA CES) credit. A 70+% passing grade is required for LEU credit and 80+% for AIA CES credit. Upon passing the test, you may download a Certificate of Completion on the Courses page. If you are an AIA member, please email your course completion certificate to LCA with your AIA number.

您也可以参加理解测试，以测试您的学习情况，并获得LEU（NCQLP LC）和LU/HSW（AIA CES）学分。LEU学分要求70％以上的合格成绩，AIA CES学分要求80％以上的合格成绩。通过考试后，您可以在课程页面下载结业证书。如果您是AIA会员，请将您的课程结业证书连同您的AIA编号一起发到LCA。