Hettita-angol szótár

*A lapon használt rövidítések és jelek értelmezéséhez tekintsd meg a Rövidítések és egyezményes jelölések listáját.*

A

***a-*** → *aši / uni / ini* (demonstr. pron.) 'that (one)'
***a-*** (stem) 'one' → *ānki*
***-a, -ā*** (all. sg. ending)
***-a*** (nom–acc. pl. n. ending)
***-a*** (3.sg. pres. midd. ending) → *-a(ri)*, *-at(i)*
***⸗a*** → *⸗(y)a* (enclitic conjunctive particle) 'and, too'
***⸗a*** → *⸗(m)a* (enclitic clause conjunctive particle) 'but'
***⸗a-*** (enclitic pronoun) 'he, she, it'
**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***⸗a-*** 'id.'
+ CLuw. ***⸗a-*** 'id.'
+ HLuw. ***⸗a-*** 'id.'
+ Lyd. ***⸗a-*** 'id.'

***ā-a(ri)*** → *ā(i)-a(ri) / i-* 'to be hot, to be warm'
***-aḫḫ-i*** ('factitive' suffix) 'to make …'
***-ai*** → *-i* (dat-loc. sg. ending)
***ā(i)-a(ri) / i-*** 'to be hot, to be warm'
**Derivatives:**+ ***inu-zi*** 'to make hot, to fry'
+ ***ayēšš-zi*** 'to become hot (?)'

***aikawartanna*** (adv.) 'for one turn'
***aiš / išš-*** (n.) 'mouth' (Sum. KAxU, Akk. *PÛ*)
**Derivative:**+ ***iššalli-*** (n.) 'spittle'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***āaš-*** 'mouth'
- ***āšša-*** 'to speak (?)'

+ HLuw. ***ásaza-*** 'to speak'

***āk-i / akk-*** 'to die, to be killed; to be eclipsed (of sun and moon: Sum. UG6)'
**Derivative:**+ ***akkātar / akkann-*** (n.) 'death'

**Anat. cognate:**+ Lyd. ***akτa-*** 'of the dead (?)'

**(NA4)*aku-*** (c.) 'sea-shell'
**Derivative:**+ **NA4*akuwant-*** (adj.) 'covered with sea-shells'

***aku(wa)kuwa-*** animal that inhabits an underground lair 'spider; frog; cicada; mole'
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***auwawa-*** 'spider'

***akutalla-*** (gender unclear) 'container of water'
**GIŠ*allantaru-*** (n.) 'oak' (Sum. GIŠ*allan-*GIŠ*-ru-*)
***alpa-*** (c.) 'cloud' (Akk. *URPU*)
**Derivative:**+ ***alparama-*** 'cloudiness, layer of clouds'

***alpant-*** (adj.) '?'
***alpu-*** (adj.) 'pointed'
**Derivatives:**+ ***alpuemar*** (n.) 'point, tip'
+ ***alpuēšš-zi*** 'to be sharp, to be acute'

***-allu*** → *-llu* (1.sg. imp. act. ending)
***alwanz-*** (stem) 'being bewitched, affected by sorcery' (Sum. UḪ7)
**Derivatives:**+ ***alwanzātar / alwanzann-*** (n.) 'witchcraft, sorcery, spell'
+ **\**alwanzeššar / alwanzešn-*** (n.) 'witchcraft'
+ ***alwanzena-*** (adj. / c.) 'practising sorcery, sorcerous; sorceror'
+ ***alwanzaḫḫ-i*** 'to bewitch'
+ ***alwanzaḫḫa-*** (gender unclear) 'sorcery'

***amiyant-*** (adj.) 'small'
**Derivative:**+ **NINDA*amiyanteššar*** (n.) 'miniature bread'

***ammuk*** → *ūk / amm-* (pers. pron. 1.sg.) 'I, me'
***-an*** → *-n* (acc. sg. c. ending)
***-an*** (nom-acc. sg. n. ending of *a*-stems)
***-an*** (gen. pl. ending)
**Anat. cognates:**+ Lyc. ***-ẽ*** (gen. pl. ending)
+ Lyd. ***-aν*** (dat-loc. pl. ending)

***⸗(a)n*** (encl. locatival sentence particle)
***anna-*** (stem) 'former, old'
**Derivatives:**+ ***anni-*** (dem. pron.) 'that, the already mentioned one' (Akk. [*IŠ-TU-AN-NI-I*]*Š*, Sum. GÚ.R[I.TA])
+ ***annaz*** (adv.) 'formerly, once upon a time'
+ ***annal(l)a/i-*** (adj.) 'former, earlier, old'
+ ***annišan*** (adv.) 'formerly, before; once; at the time'

***anna-*** (c.) 'mother' (Sum. AMA, Akk. *UMMU*)
**Derivative:**+ ***anniyatar / anniyann-*** (n.) 'motherhood'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***ānna/i-*** (c.) 'mother'
- ***annalla/i-*** (adj.) 'maternal'
- ***ānnawann(i)-*** (c.) 'stepmother'
- **LÚ/MUNUS*ānninniyami-*** (c.) 'cousin'
- ***ānni(ya)-*** (adj.) 'maternal'
+ HLuw. **MATER*-nati-*** (c.) 'mother'
+ Pal. ***anna-*** (c.) 'mother'
+ Lyd. ***ẽna-*** 'mother'
+ Lyc. ***ẽne/i-*** 'mother'
+ Mil. ***ẽne/i-*** 'mother'

***-ānna*** (inf. Ⅱ suffix)
***-anna-i / -anni-*** (imperfective suffix)
**MUNUS*annaneka-*** (c.) 'sister by the same mother'
***annanu-zi*** 'to train, to educate'
**Derivatives:**+ ***annanuḫḫa-*** (adj.) 'trained (?)'
+ **(KUŠ)*annanuzzi-*** (c.) 'halter (?)'
+ ***annanuzziyant-*** (adj.) 'haltered'

***(:) ānnari-*** → *inarā-* (stem) 'vigor'
***anašš(a)-*** (gender unclear), lower part of the back
***annaššar- / annašn-*** (n.) 'pillar (?)'
**(MUNUS)*annawanna-*** (c.) 'stepmother'
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***ānnawann(i)-*** (c.) 'stepmother'

***anni-*** 'that, the already mentioned one' → *anna-* 'former, old'
***-anni-*** (imperfective suffix) → *-anna-i / -anni-*
***aniye/a-zi*** 'to work; to carry out, to produce, to treat' (Sum. KIN)
**Derivatives:**+ ***aniyatt-*** (c.) 'work, task; ritual gear or garments; message'
+ ***aniūr*** (c.) 'prestation, ritual'
+ ***aniyauwar*** (n.) 'id.'
+ → *annanu-zi* 'to train, to educate'

**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***aniye/a-zi*** 'to do, to work'
+ CLuw. ***ānni-*** 'to carry out, to treat'

***ānki*** (adv.) 'once' (Akk. 1⸗*ŠU*)
***anku*** (adv.) 'fully, totally'
***ānš-i*** 'to wipe'
**Derivative:**+ → *ḫane/išš-zi* 'to wipe'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***am(ma)šša- / am(ma)šši(ya)-*** 'to wipe'

***-ant-*** (part. suffix)
***-ant-*** (erg. suffix)
***anda*** (postpos., prev.) 'in(to), inwards; (with)in; in addition'
**Derivatives:**+ ***andan*** (adv.) '(with)in, inside; in(to)'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***ānta*** (prev.) 'in(to)'
- ***andan*** (adv.) 'inside (?)'

+ HLuw.
- ***anta*** (prev., adv., postpos.) '(with)in, in(to)'
- ***antan*** 'into'
- ***antatila/i-*** (adj.) 'internal'

+ Lyd. ***ẽt-*** (prev.) 'inside, into'
+ Lyc. ***ñte*** (prev., adv.) 'inside'

***-anta*** (3pl. midd. ending) → *-anta(ri), antat(i)*
***antaka-*** (gender unclear) '?'
***antara-*** (adj.) 'blue' (Sum. ZA.GÌN)
**Derivatives:**+ ***antarant-*** (adj.) 'blue'
+ ***antare/iške/a-zi*** 'to make blue'

***-anta(ri) / -antat(i)*** (3pl. midd. endings)
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***-antari*** (3pl. pres. midd. ending)
+ HLuw. ***-antasi*** (3pl. pres. midd. ending)

***-antaru*** (3pl. imp. midd. ending)
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***-andaru*** (3pl. imp. midd. ending)

***-antat(i)*** (3pl. midd. ending) → *-anta(ri), anta(ti)*
***-anteš*** (erg. pl. ending) → *-ant-* (erg. suffix)
**LÚ*antiyant-*** (c.) 'son-in-law'
**Derivative:**+ ***andaiyandatar / andaiyandann-*** (n.) 'son-in-lawship'

***-antu*** (3pl. imp. act. ending)
**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***-andu, -endu***
+ CLuw. ***-andu***
+ HLuw. **/-antu/**
+ Lyc. ***-Ṽtu***

***andurza*** (adv.) 'inside, indoors'
**Derivative:**+ ***anturiya-*** (adj.) 'interior, native'

***antuwaḫḫaš- / antuḫš-*** (c.) 'man, human being, person' (Sum. UKÙ, LÚ.ULÙ.LU)
**Derivative:**+ ***antuḫšātar / antuḫšann-*** (n) 'mankind; population'

**Anat. cognate:**+ Lyd. ***antola, anlola (?)*** *statue; funeral stele'*

***anz-*** → *wēš / anz-* (pers. pron. 1pl.) 'we, us'
***-anza*** (3pl. pres. act. ending) → *-anzi*
***-anza*** (erg. sg. ending) → *-ant-* (erg. suffix)
***-anzi*** (3pl. pres. act. ending)
**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***-ānti***
+ CLuw. ***-anti***
+ HLuw. **/-anti/**
+ Lyd. ***-d (?)***
+ Lyc. ***-Ṽti, -ñti***

***⸗(a)p(a)*** (encl. locatival sentence particle)
**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***C⸗pa*,** ***V⸗ppa*** (encl. sentence particle)
+ CLuw.
- ***pā⸗*** (sentence initial particle)
- ***⸗pa⸗*** (encl. sentence particle)

+ HLuw. ***⸗pa⸗*** (encl. sentence particle)
+ Lyd. ***fa⸗*** (sentence particle)
+ Lyc. ***⸗be, ⸗pe*** (particle)

***apā- / apū-*** (demonstrative pronoun) 'that (one), that (near you); he, she, it' (Sum. BI)
**Derivatives:**+ ***apāšila*** 'himself, herself, of one's own'
+ ***apatta(n)*** (adv.) 'there'
+ ***apiya*** (adv.) 'there, then'
+ ***apiniššan*** (adv.) 'thus'
+ ***apiniššuwant-*** (adj.) 'of such kind'

**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***apa-*** (dem.pron.) 'that one'
+ CLuw.
- ***apā-*** (dem.pron.) 'that; he, she, it, they'
- ***apati(n)*** (adv.) 'thus'

+ HLuw.
- ***ápa-*** 'he, she, it'
- ***ápati*** (adv.) 'there'

+ Lyd.
- ***bi-*** (dem.pron.) 'he'
- ***bili-*** (adj.) 'his'
- ***ebad*** (adv.) 'here, there'

+ Lyc.
- ***ebe-*** (dem.) 'this'
- ***eb(e)-*** (dem.pron.) 'he, she, it'
- ***ebei*** (adv.) 'here'
- ***ebeila*** (adv.) 'here'
- ***ebeli*** (adv.) 'here'
- ***ehbi-*** (adj.) 'his' (metathesized from *eb(e)hi-*)
- ***epttehe/i-*,** ***eb(e)ttehe/i-*** (adj.) 'their'

***āppa*** (adv., postpos.) 'behind, afterwards; back, again, further' (Sum. EGIR)
**Derivatives:**+ ***āppan*** (adv.) 'behind; after(wards)'
+ ***āppanda*** (adv.) 'backwards'
+ ***āppananda*** (adv.) 'id.'
+ ***appezzi(ya)-*** (adj.) 'backmost, hindmost, rear'
+ ***āppa-i / āppi-*** 'to be finished, to be done' (Akk. *QATŪ*)
+ ***appašiwatt-*** (c.) 'future' (Sum. EGIR.UD(MI))

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***āppa*** (prev.) 'back, again'
- ***āppan*** (prev., postpos.) 'behind, after'
- **\**āppanda*** 'behind'
- ***āpparant(i)-*** (adj.) 'future'

+ HLuw.
- ***ápan*** (postpos., prev.) 'after, behind, again'
- **\**ápani*** (adv.) 'after, in the future'
- **\**ápara/i-*** (adj.) 'after-; later, younger'
- ***ápi*** (adv.) *back, again*

+ Lyc.
- ***epñ*** (adv.) 'afterwards'
- ***epñte*** (adv.) 'thereafter'
- ***epre/i-*** (adj.) 'back-, rear-'

***āppala-*** (gender unclear) 'trap, deceit'
**Derivatives:**+ ***āppalae-zi*** 'to entrap'
+ ***appaliyalla-*** (c.) ‘?’

**UZU*appuzzi-*** (n.) 'animal fat, tallow' (Sum. UZUIÀ.UDU)
***ar-tta(ri)*** 'to stand (by), to be stationed, to remain standing; to be present, to occur' (Sum. GUB)
**Derivatives:**+ →*arnu-zi* 'to make go; to transport, to deport'

***ār-i / ar-*** 'to come (to), to arrive (at)'
***ārr-i / arr-*** 'to wash'
***āra*** (adv.) 'right, proper(ly)'
**Derivatives:**+ **(LÚ/MUNUS)*arā-*** (c.) 'friend'
+ ***arāwa-*** (adj.) 'free (from)' (Akk. *ELLUM*)
+ ***arawaḫḫ-i*** 'to make free, to release'
+ ***arawēšš-zi*** 'to become free'
+ ***arawan(n)i-*** 'free (not being a slave)'

**Anat. cognates:**+ Lyc.
- ***ara-*** 'rite'
- ***arawa-*** 'freedom'
- ***erawazije-, arawazije-*** 'monument'

**(UZU)*arra-*** (c.) 'arse, anus' (Sum. UZUGU.DU)
***arae-zi*** 'to stop, to rein in; to overpower'
***araḫ-*** → *erḫ- / araḫ- / arḫ-*, *erḫa-, arḫa-* 'line, boundary'
***arai-i / ari-*** 'to (a)rise, to lift; to raise'
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***ari(ya)-*** 'to raise'
- **GIŠ*ariyal-*** (n.) 'carrying basket'

+ Lyc. ***erije-*** 'to raise, to levy'

***araššiye/a-zi*** → *ārš-zi / arš-* 'to flow'
***arḫ(a)-*** → *erḫ- / araḫ- / arḫ-*, *erḫa-, arḫa-* 'line, boundary'
***-a(ri)*,** ***-at(i)*** (3sg. midd. endings)
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***-ar(i)*** (3sg. pres. midd. ending)

***ariye/a-zi*** 'to consult an oracle; to determine by oracle'
**Derivative:**+ ***ariyašeššar / ariyašešn-*** (n.) 'oracle' (Sum. MÁŠ, Akk. *BĒRU*)

***arriye/a-*** 'to be awake'
***ark-a(ri)*,** ***ārk-i / ark-*** 'to mount, to cover, to copulate'
**Derivative:**+ ***arki-*** (c.) 'testicle'

***ārk-i / ark-*** 'to cut off, to divide'
***ārku-zi / arku-*** 'to chant, to intone'
***arkuwae-zi*** 'to make a plea'
**Derivative:**+ ***arkuēššar / arkuēšn-*** (n.) 'prayer'

**\**arma-*** (c.) 'moon(god); month' (Sum. dEN.ZU, ITU(KAM), Akk. d*SÎN*)
**Derivatives:**+ **\**armatar*** (n.) 'monthspan (?)'
+ **(NINDA)*armanni-*** (c.) 'lunula, crescent; "croissant" bread' (UD.SAR)
+ **NINDA*arma(n)tal(l)anni-*** (c.) type of bread
+ ***armuwalae-zi*** 'to shine (of the moon)'
+ ***armuwalašḫa(i)-*** (c.) 'waxing of the moon'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- **\*d*arma-*** (c.) 'Moon-god'
- ***armannaima/i-*** (adj.) 'decorated with lunulae'
- **\**armašša/i-*** 'month'

+ HLuw. **\**arma-*** (c.) 'moon(god)'
+ Lyd. ***armτa-*** (adj.) 'belonging to Arma (?)'
+ Lyc.
- ***arm̃ma-*** 'moon'
- ***rm̃mazata-*** 'monthly offering (?)'
- ***Erm̃menẽni***, PN, lit. 'brother of the moon'

***armae-zi*** 'to be pregnant'
**Derivatives:**+ ***armawant-*** (adj.) 'pregnant'
+ ***armaḫḫ-i*** 'to make pregnant; (with *⸗z*) to become pregnant'

***arnu-zi*** 'to make go; to transport, to deport'
**Derivative:**+ **LÚ*arnuwala-*** (c.) 'deportee' (Sum. NAM.RA)

***ārš-zi / arš-*** 'to flow'
**Derivatives:**+ ***aršanu-zi*** 'to let flow'
+ ***āršanu-*** (n.) 'flow, course'
+ ***arša(r)šur-*** (n.) 'flowing, stream'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***āršiya-*** 'to flow'

***aršanē-zi / aršan-*** 'to be envious, to be angry'
**Derivative:**+ ***aršanatal(l)a-*** (c.) 'envier'

***aršiye/a-zi*** → *ārš-zi / arš-* 'to flow'
***ardu-*** 'to saw'
**Derivative:**+ **URUDU*ardāl(a)-*** (n.) 'saw'

***aru- / araw-*** (adj.) 'high (?)'
**Derivatives:**+ ***aru(-)šuwaru-*** (adj.) 'high-and-full (?)'
+ ***aruma*** (adv.) 'highly, very much'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***aru-*** 'high'
- ***aru(wa)ruwa-*** 'to lift (?)'

***-aru*** (3sg. imp. midd. ending)
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***-aru*** (3sg. imp. midd. ending)

***aruna-*** (c.) 'sea' (Sum. A.AB.BA)
**Derivative:**+ ***arunuman-*** (c.) 'maritime'

***aruwae-zi*** 'to prostrate oneself, to bow' (Akk. *ŠUKĒNU*, 3sg. pres. act. *UŠKEN*)
***-aš*** (gen. sg. ending)
***-aš*** (dat-loc. pl. ending)
***āšš-zi*** 'to remain, to stay, to be left'
***āšš-a(ri) / āššiye/a-tta(ri)*** 'to be loved, to be good' (Sum. SIG5)
**Derivatives:**+ ***āššiyanu-zi*** 'to make beloved (?)'
+ ***āššiyatar / āššiyann-*** (n.) 'love'
+ ***āššiyawant-*** (c.) 'lover'

**Anat. cognates:**+ HLuw.
- **LITUUS*áza-*** 'to love'
- **LITUUS/OCULUS*ázatiwada-***, PN (lit. 'beloved by the Sun(god)')
- **TONITRUS*-huna-*****LITUUS*****áza-***, PN (lit. 'beloved by the Storm-god')
- **IDEUS*-na-*****OCULUS*****ázama/i-***, PN (lit. 'beloved by the gods')

***-ašša-*** (genitival adjective suffix)
***aš(ša)nu-zi*** 'to take care of; to be done with; to deliver'
***ašāš-i / aše/iš-*** 'to seat, to make sit; to settle; to install'
**Derivatives:**+ ***ašeššar / ašešn-*** (n.) 'settlement; assembly'
+ ***aše/išanu-zi*** 'to seat; to settle'

***ašāwar / ašaun-*** (n.) 'sheepfold, pen' (Sum. MA.AZ.ZA, Akk. *MA-AZ-ZU-U*)
***aši / uni / ini*** (demonstr. pron.) 'that (one)'
**Derivative:**+ ***iniššan*** (adv.) 'thus, as stated'

***āššiye/a-tta(ri)*** → *āšš-a(ri), āššiye/a-tta(ri)* 'to be loved, to be good'
**(LÚ)*ašiwant-*** (adj.; c.) 'poor (man)' (Sum. LÚMÁŠDA)
**Derivatives:**+ ***ašiwantatar*** (n.) 'poverty'
+ ***ašiwantēšš-zi*** 'to become poor'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***āššiwant(i)-*** (adj.) 'poor'
- ***āššiwantattar / āššiwantattn-*** (n.) 'poverty'

***āška-*** (gender unclear) 'gate(way)' (Sum. KÁ(.GAL))
***āšma*** (interject.) 'lo, behold'
***ašnu-zi*** → *aš(ša)nu-zi* 'to take care of; to be done with; to deliver'
***⸗(a)šta*** (encl. locatival sentence particle)
***āššu- / āššaw-*** (adj.) 'good; dear; favourable' (Sum. SIG5)
**Derivatives:**+ ***āššu-*** (n.) 'good(ness), good things; goods, possessions'
+ ***āššuwant-*** (adj.) 'good; favourable'
+ ***āššuwatar / āššuwann-*** (n.) 'favourableness, friendly fashion'
+ ***aššul*** (n.), ***aššula-*** (c.) 'favour; greeting; well-being' (Sum. SILIM*-ul*)
+ ***āššulatar / āššulann-*** (n.) 'well-being'
+ → *āšš-a(ri), āššiye/a-tta(ri)* 'to be loved, to be good'

**LÚ*āššuššanni*** (uninfl.) 'horse-trainer'
***āššuzēri-*** (n.) 'good-cup' (Sum. ZA.ḪUM, Akk. *BIBRU*)
***-at*** (3sg. pret. midd. ending) → *-a(ri), -at(i)* (3sg. midd. endings)
***atta-*** (c.) 'father' (Sum. A.A.MU, Akk. *ABU*)
**Derivative:**+ ***attalla-*** 'fatherly, paternal'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***tāta/i-*** (c.) 'father'
- ***tātawann(i)-*** (c.) 'stepfather'
- ***tāti(ya)-*** (adj.) 'paternal'
- ***tatalla/i-*** (adj.) 'paternal'

+ HLuw.
- ***tata/i-*** (c.) 'father'
- ***tatiya-*** (adj.) 'paternal'
- ***tatala/i-*** (adj.) 'fatherly'

+ Lyd. ***taada-*** (c.) 'father'
+ Lyc. ***tede/i-*** (c.) 'father (?)'

***-ātar / -ānn-*** (abstract suffix)
***-ati*** (3sg. pret. midd. ending) → *-a(ri), -at(i)* (3sg. midd. endings)
***au-i / u-*** 'to see, to look' (Akk. *AMARU*)
**Derivatives:**+ ***uwatalla-*** (c.) 'seer'
+ **(LÚ)*uškiškat(t)alla-*** (c.) 'guard, watchman'
+ ***uškiške/at(t)allatar*** (n.) 'guard duty'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***awa*** (interjection) 'behold, look here'

***auli-*** (c.) 'tube-shaped organ in the neck: throat (?), windpipe (?), carotid artery (?)'
***auri-*** (n. > c.) 'lookout, watchtower, guardpost, border post' (Akk. *MADGALTI*)
**Derivatives:**+ **(LÚ)*auriyala-*** (c.) 'guard'
+ ***auriyatalla-*** (c.) 'id.'

***aušš-*** → *au-i / u-* 'to see, to look'
***awan*** (indecl. particle)
***auwari-*** → *auri-* 'lookout, watchtower, guardpost, border post'
***auwawaš ḫanzanaš*** 'spider web' (lit. 'web of the spider'; Akk. *QÚ-U ET-T*[*Ù-TI*])
***-(ā)z*** (abl. ending)
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***-āti*** (abl-instr. ending)
+ HLuw. ***-adi*** (abl-instr. ending)
+ Lyc. ***-edi*** (abl-instr. ending)

E

***e*** (nom. pl. c. form of *aši / uni / ini*) 'they'
***-e*** (3sg. pres. act. ending of the *ḫi*-inflection) → *-i* (3sg. pres.act. ending of the *ḫi*-inflection)
***-e*** (voc. sg. ending) → *-i* (voc. sg. ending)
***⸗e*** (nom. pl. c. or nom-acc. pl. n. form of *⸗a-*) '(nom. pl. c.) they; (nom-acc. pl. n.) those'
**GIŠ*ea-*** → GIŠ*eyan-* a tree (evergreen), perhaps 'yew'
***eḫu*** (2 sg. imp. act.) 'come!'
**GIŠ*eyan-*** (n.) a tree (evergreen), perhaps 'yew'
***ek-*** → *āk-i / akk-* 'to die, to be killed; to be eclipsed'
***eka-*** (n. > c.) 'cold, frost, ice'
**Derivatives:**+ ***egae-zi*,** ***igae-zi*** 'to cool down'
+ ***ekuna-*,** ***ikuna-*** (adj.) 'cold'
+ ***ekunima-*** (c.) 'cold(ness)'
+ ***ikunēšš-zi*** 'to become cold'
+ ***ikunaḫḫ-i*** 'to make cold'
+ → *ikniyant-* (adj.) 'lame'

***ekt-*** (c.) '(hunting) net (?)'
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***aggati-*** (c.) 'hunting net'

***eku-zi / aku-*** 'to drink, to drink to (+dat.), to toast (+acc)' (Sum. NAG)
* ***akuwant-*** (part. of *eku-zi / aku-*) 'drinking'

**Derivatives:**+ **LÚ*akuttara-*** (c.) 'drinker, toaster'
+ → *akutalla-* (gender unclear) 'container of water'

**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***aḫu-*** 'to drink'
+ CLuw. ***u-*** 'to drink (?)'
+ HLuw. **BIBERE** 'to drink'

**\**ekku-*** (c.) 'horse' (Sum. ANŠE.KUR.RA)
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. **\**āššu-*** or **\**azzu-*** (c.) 'horse'
+ HLuw.
- ***ásu-*** (c.) 'horse'
- ***ásusatala-*** 'to ride on horse'

***-ēl*** (pronominal gen. sg. ending)
**MUŠ*elliyanku-*** → MUŠ*illuyanka-* 'snake, serpent'
**GIŠ*elzi-*** (n.) '(pair of) scale(s)' (Sum. GIŠ.RÍN, GIŠNUNUZ ZI.BA.NA, Akk. *ZIBĀNĪTU*)
***eni(-)*** (nom. sg. c., nom-acc. sg. or nom. pl. c. form of *aši / uni / ini*) '(nom. sg. c.) that (one); (nom-acc. sg.) that (one); (nom. pl. c.) they'
***enu-zi*** '?'
***enuma-*** 'to be refreshed (?)'
***epp-zi / app-*** 'to take, to seize, to grab, to pick, to capture' (Sum. DIB, Akk. *ṢABATU*)
* ***appant-*** (part. of *epp-zi / app-*) 'seized'

**Derivative:**+ ***appat(a)riye/a-zi*** 'to take in pledge; to confiscate'

***er-*** → *ār-i / ar-* 'to come (to), to arrive (at)'
***-er*** (3pl. pret. act. ending)
***erḫ- / araḫ- / arḫ-*,** ***erḫa-, arḫa-*** (c.) 'line, boundary' (Sum. ZAG)
**Derivatives:**+ ***irḫatt-*** (c.) 'row, series, circuit'
+ ***irḫae-zi*,** ***arḫae-zi*** 'to go down the line, to circulate, to make the rounds, to treat in succesion, to list, to enumerate, to conclude'
+ ***arḫa*** (adv., postpos.) 'off, away (from), out of, on account of'
+ ***arḫaya(n)*** (adv.) 'separately, apart, especially, additionally'
+ ***araḫza*** (adv.) 'around; on the outside, away, absent, abroad'
+ ***araḫzanda*** (adv.) '(all) around'
+ ***araḫza-*** (adj.) 'alien'
+ ***araḫziya-*** (adj.) 'alien'
+ ***araḫzena-*** (adj.) 'bordering, adjoining, surrounding; outer, external, foreign, alien'
+ ***araḫzenant-*** (adj.) 'id.'

**Anat. cognate:**+ HLuw. ***irha-*** (c.) 'border'

***erman / armn-*** (n.) 'sickness, illness' (Sum. GIG)
**Derivatives:**+ ***armaniye/a-tta(ri)*,** ***ermaniye/a-tta(ri)*** 'to be(come) ill'
+ ***armala-*,** ***ermala-*** (adj.) 'sick, ill'
+ ***ermalant-*** (adj.) 'sick, ill'
+ ***armaliye/a-tta(ri)*,** ***ermal(l)iye/a-tta(ri)*** 'to be(come) ill; to afflict (with illness)'

***-eš*** (nom. pl. c. ending)
***eš-zi / aš-*** 'to be (copula); to be present'
* ***ašant-*** (part. of *eš-zi / aš-*) 'being'

**Derivatives:**+ → *aš(ša)nu-zi* 'to take care of; to be done with; to deliver'
+ → *ēšri-* (n.) 'shape, image, statue'

**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***āš- / aš-*** 'to be'
+ CLuw. ***āš- / aš-*** 'to be'
+ HLuw. ***ás- / s-*** 'to be'
+ Lyd.
- (1sg. pres.) ***-im*** 'I am (?)'
- (3sg. pres.) ***el*** 'he is (?)'

+ Lyc.
- ***es- / ah-*** 'to be'
- *ahãma(n)-* 'existence'
- *ahñta-* 'property, possessions' (old part. of 'to be')

***eš-a(ri) / aš-*;** ***eš-zi / aš-*** '(midd.) to sit down, to seat oneself; (+ =ššan) to sit; (act.) to sit, to reside; (trans.) to settle' (Sum. TUŠ)
**Derivatives:**+ ***ašandul-*** (n.) 'occupation force, garrison'
+ ***ašandula/i-*** (adj. used with ERINMEŠ) 'occupation force'
+ ***ašandulae-zi*** 'to be on garrison duty'
+ ***ašandulatar / ašandulann-*** (n.) 'garrisoning'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***ištardalli-*** (adj.) 'throne-like'
+ HLuw.
- ***ás-*** 'to be seated, to dwell'
- ***isnu(wa)-*** 'to seat, to settle'
- ***ása-*** (c.) 'seat'
- ***istarta-*** (n.) 'throne'

***-ēšš-zi*** ("fientive" suffix)
***ēšša-i / ēšš-*** → *īšša-i / īšša-* 'to do, to make'
***-ešš(a)-*** (imperfective suffix) → *-šša-i / -šš-*
***ēššari-*** → *ēšri-* 'shape, image, statue'
**SÍG*ēššari-*** → *SÍGēšri-* 'fleece'
***ēšḫa-*** → *išḫā-* 'master, lord, owner; lady, mistress'
***ēšḫaḫru-*** → *išḫaḫru-* 'tear(s)'
***ēšḫar / išḫan-*** (n.) 'blood; bloodshed' (Sum. ÚŠ, Akk. *TAMMU*)
**Derivatives:**+ ***išḫanuwant-*,** ***ēšḫanuwant-*** (adj.) 'bloody'
+ ***ēšḫaškant-*,** ***išḫaškant-*** (adj.) 'bloodied'
+ ***išḫarnu-zi*,** ***ēšḫarnu-zi*** 'to make bloody; to dye blood-red'
+ ***ēšḫarnumae-zi*,** ***išḫarnumae-zi*** 'to make bloody, to smear with blood'
+ ***ēšḫarwaḫḫ-i*** 'to make blood-red'
+ ***išḫarwant-*** (adj.) 'bloody'
+ ***išḫarwieške/a-zi*** 'to be blood-red'
+ ***išḫarwīl*,** ***ēšḫarwīl*** (n. or adj.) 'blood-red (object)'
+ ***išḫanallēš-zi*** 'to become a blood-shedder (?)'
+ ***išḫanattalla-*** 'blood-shedder, murderer (?)'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***āšḫar*** (n.) 'blood'
- ***āšḫarnu-*** 'to bloody'
- ***āšḫarnummai-*** (adj.) 'covered with blood'
- ***āšḫanuwant(i)-*** (adj.) 'bloody'

+ HLuw.
- ***ásharmisa-*** (n.) 'offering (?)'
- ***áshanantisa-*** (n.) 'blood-offering'

***ešḫarrieškeddu*** (misreading of *šeḫurrieškeddu*) → *šēḫur / šēḫun-* 'urine'
***ēšri-*** (n.) 'shape, image, statue' (Sum. ALAM, Akk. *ṢALMU*)
**SÍG*ēšri-*** (n. > c.) 'fleece'
***ed-zi / ad-*** 'to eat' (Sum. KÚ)
* ***adant-*** (part. of *ed-zi / ad-*) 'eating; eaten'

**Derivative**+ → (NINDA)*edri-* 'food'

**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***ad-*** 'to eat'
+ CLuw. ***ēd- / ad-*** 'to eat'
+ HLuw.
- ***ád-*** 'to eat'
- ***ádaha-*** (adj.) epithet of gods who have to eat something

**(NINDA)*edri-*** (n.) 'food' (Sum. ŠÀ.GAL)
**Derivatives:**+ ***edriye/a-zi*** 'to feed'
+ ***edriyanu-zi*** 'to feed (?)'

**Anat. cognate:**+ HLuw. ***ádri(a)-*** 'to feed (?)'

***euk-zi*** → *eku-zi / aku-* 'to drink'
**(UDÚL)*ewan-*** (n.) a kind of grain; (with det. UDÚL) soup made of a kind of grain
***ezza-i*** → *ed-zi / ad-* 'to eat'
***-(e)zzi(ya)-*** (adjectival suffix)
**Anat. cognate:**+ Lyc. ***-zze/i-***

Ḫ

***ḫā-zi / ḫ-*** 'to believe, to trust, to be convinced'
***-ḫḫa*** (1sg. pres. midd. ending) → *-ḫḫa(ri)*
**(GIŠ)*ḫāḫḫall-*** (n.) 'greenery, verdure, (wild) vegetation'
**Derivatives:**+ **MUNUS*ḫaḫḫallalla-*** (c.) a female functionary
+ ***ḫaḫḫalieške/a-zi*** 'to become yellow (green)'
+ ***ḫaḫḫaluwant-*** '?'
+ ***ḫaḫlaḫḫ-i*** 'to make yellow (green)'
+ ***ḫaḫlanieške/a-zi*** 'to make yellow (green)'
+ ***ḫaḫlawant-*** (n.) 'the yellow'
+ ***ḫaḫlimma-*** (c.) 'jaundice (?)'
+ ***ḫaḫliwant-*** (SIG7*-want-*) (adj.) 'yellow (green)'

***-ḫḫaḫari*** (1sg. pres. midd. ending) → *-ḫḫa(ri)*
***-ḫḫaḫaru*** (1sg. imp. midd. ending) → *-ḫḫaru*
***-ḫḫaḫati*** (1sg. pret. midd. ending) → *-ḫḫat(i)*
***ḫai(n)k-tta(ri)*,** ***ḫink-a(ri)*;** ***ḫink-zi*** '(act. trans.) to bestow, to offer; (act. intr.) to bow; (midd.) to bow'
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫengur / ḫengun-*** (n.) 'gift, offering'
+ **\**ḫinkatar / ḫinkann-*** (n.) 'gift'
+ ***ḫinganu-zi*** 'to make bow'
+ **LÚ*ḫinkula-*** (c.) 'offerant'

***ḫalai-i / ḫali-***? 'to set in motion'
***ḫallanna-i / ḫallanni-*** 'to trample down, to flatten (fields and plants)'
***ḫāli-*** (n.) 'pen, corral (for cows and horses)'
***ḫaliye/a-zi*** 'to kneel down'
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫalinu-zi*** 'to make kneel'
+ ***ḫaliḫla-i / ḫaliḫli-*** 'to genuflect, (trans.) to make obeisance to'

***ḫalīna-*** (gender unclear) 'clay (?)'
***ḫalki-*** (c.) 'barley; grain' (Sum. ŠE)
**Derivative:**+ **d*Ḫalki-*** (c.) 'barley-god' (Sum. dNISABA)

***ḫalkuēššar / ḫalkuēšn-*** (n.) 'supplies (for festivals)' (Akk. *MELQĒTUM*)
***ḫaluka-*** (c.) 'message, announcement, tidings, news'
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫaluki- / ḫalugay-*** (adj.) 'message-..'
+ **LÚ*ḫalukat(t)alla-*** (c.) 'messenger, envoy' (Akk. LÚ*ṬE4-MU*)
+ ***ḫaluganna-i / ḫaluganni-*** 'to make an announcement, to bring news'
+ ***ḫaluganae-zi*** 'to bring news'
+ ***ḫaluganili*** (adv.) 'in messenger-fashion'

***ḫalzai-i / ḫalzi-*** 'to cry out, to shout, to call (trans.), to invoke, to recite'
**Derivative:**+ → *ḫalzišša-i / ḫalzišš-* 'to cry out, to call'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***ḫalta/i-*** 'call, appeal (?)'
- ***ḫalta/i-*** 'to call, to appeal (?)'

***ḫalzišša-i / ḫalzišš-*** (impf. of *ḫalzai-i / ḫalzi-*) 'to cry out, to call'
***ḫamank-i / ḫame/ink-*** 'to tie, to betroth'
***ḫammaša-*** (gender unclear) '?'
***ḫamenk-*** → *ḫamank-i / ḫame/ink-* 'to tie, to betroth'
***ḫamešḫa-*** (gender unclear) 'spring' (Sum. Ú.BAR8, Akk. *DĪŠĪ*)
**Derivative:**+ ***ḫamešḫant-*** (c.) 'spring'

***ḫamink-*** → *ḫamank-i / ḫame/ink-* 'to tie, to betroth'
***ḫamišḫa-*** → *ḫamešḫa-* 'spring'
***ḫān-i / ḫan-*** 'to draw (liquids)'
**Derivative:**+ **DUG*ḫaneššar / ḫanešn-*** (n.), a vessel

***ḫanna-i / ḫann-*** 'to sue; to judge'; ***ḫanneššar ḫann(a)-i*** '‘to render judgement'
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫanneššar / ḫannešn-*** (n.) 'law-suit, case, trial' (Sum. DI*-eššar*, Akk. *DINAM*)
+ ***ḫannešnatar / ḫannešnann-*** (n.) 'jurisdiction'
+ ***ḫanne/italwana-*** (c.) 'legal advisory, litigator'
+ ***ḫannitalwanēšš-zi*** 'to become legal adversaries'

***ḫanna-*** (c.) 'grandmother'
**Anat. cognate:**+ Lyc. ***χñna-*** 'grandmother'

***ḫane/išš-zi*** 'to wipe'
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***am(ma)šša- / am(ma)šši(ya)-*** 'to wipe'

**DUGḫane/iššā-** *(c./n.) a vessel*
**Derivative:**+ **DUG*ḫanniššānni*** (n.) a vessel

***ḫāni(ya)-*** (gender unknown) '?'
***ḫāniye/a-zi*** → *ḫān-i / ḫan-* 'to draw (liquids)'
***ḫāniš-*** → *ḫane/išš-zi* 'to wipe'
***ḫanišš-zi*** → *ḫane/išš-zi* 'to wipe'
***ḫant-*** (gender unclear) 'forehead, front(age)' (Sum. SAG.KI, Akk. *PŪTUM*)
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫanza*** (adv.) 'in front'
+ ***ḫanzan*** (adv.) 'id.'
+ ***ḫanda*** (adv.) 'for the sake of, in view of'
+ ***ḫandaš*** (adv.) 'for the sake of, regarding'
+ **d*Ḫantašša-*** (c.) deity of the forehead
+ **d*Ḫantašepa-*** (c.) deity of the forehead
+ ***ḫanti*** (adv.) 'opposite, against; instead; apart'
+ ***ḫantiyae-zi*** 'to support (?)'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***ḫandawat(i)-*** (c.) 'supreme authority, king'
- ***ḫandawadaḫit-*** (n.) 'kingship'
- ***ḫantil(i)-*** (adj.) 'first'
- ***ḫanti(ya)-*** 'headband'

+ HLuw.
- ***hant-*** (n.) 'face, forehead'
- ***hanti-*** (adj.) 'first'
- ***hantil(i)-*** (adj.) 'first, former; first, preeminent'
- ***hantili*** (adv.) 'foremost'
- **FRONS*-hit-*** (n.) 'preeminence'
- **\**hantawad(i)-*** 'king'
- **\**hantawadi-*** (adj.) 'royal'
- **\**hantawatahit-*** (n.) 'kingdom'
- **\**hantawata-*** 'to be(come) king (?)'

+ Lyc.
- ***χñtawa-*** 'to rule'
- ***χñtawata-*** 'rule, kingship'
- ***χñtawat(i)-*** 'ruler, king'
- ***χñtawati(je)-*** 'of the ruler, royal'

***ḫantae-zi*** '(trans.) to arrange (together), to prepare, to fix; to determine; (intr.) to get married; (midd.) to get fixed, to fit' (Sum. (NÍG.)SIxSÁ)
**Derivatives:**+ ***parā ḫandandātar*** (n.) 'providence (of a deity)'
+ ***parā ḫandandae-zi*** 'to show providence'
+ ***ḫandatt-*** (c.) 'trust, determination (?)'
+ **LÚ*ḫantantiyala-*** (c.) 'repairman (?)'

***ḫanda(i)š-*** (c.) 'heat'
***ḫandaš-*** → *ḫanda(i)š-* 'heat'
***ḫantezzi(ya)-*** (adj.) 'first, foremost' (Sum. IGI*-zi(ya)-*, Akk. *MAḪRÛ*)
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫantezzi*** (adv.) 'firstly; in front'
+ ***ḫantezziyaz*** (adv.) 'before; in front'
+ ***ḫantezzili*** (adv.) 'in earlier times'
+ ***ḫantezziyaḫḫ-i*** 'to make foremost'
+ ***ḫantezziyātar / ḫantezziyann-*** (n.) 'first position'

***ḫanzana-*** (adj. / c.) 'black'; 'web'
***ḫanzāšša-*** (c.) 'offspring'
* ***ḫāšša- ḫanzāšša-*** 'further offspring'

***ḫapp-zi*** '(act.) to join, to attach; (impers., midd.) to arrange itself, to work out'
**Derivatives:**+ **(UZU)*ḫappeššar / ḫappešn-*** (n.) 'joint, limb, member, body part' (Sum. UZUÚR)
+ ***ḫappešnant-*** (c.) 'id.'
+ ***ḫappešnae-zi*** '(+ *arḫa*) to dismember'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. **(UZU)*ḫappiš-*** 'limb, member'

***ḫapa-*** (c.) 'river' (Sum. ÍD)
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫapae-zi*** 'to wet, to moisten'
+ ***ḫapāti-*** (c.) 'river land (?)'

**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***ḫāpna-*** (c.) 'river'
+ CLuw.
- ***ḫāpa/i-*** (c.) 'river'
- ***ḫāppina/i-*** (c.) 'little river, stream'

+ HLuw.
- ***hapa/i-*** (c.) 'river'
- ***hapad(a)i-*** (c.) 'riverland'

+ Lyc. ***χba(i)-*** 'to irrigate'

***ḫāppar- / ḫāppir-*** (n.) 'business, trade; compensation, payment, price' (Sum. ŠÁM)
**Derivative:**+ ***ḫap(pa)rae-zi*,** ***ḫappirae-zi*,** ***ḫap(pa)riye/a-zi*** 'to trade, to sell, to deliver, to dispense'

***ḫappena-*** → *ḫapn- / ḫappen-* 'baking kiln, fire-pit, broiler (oven)'
***ḫappina-*** (adj.) 'rich' (Sum. NÍG.TUKU)
**Derivatives:**+ **(LÚ)*ḫappinant-*** (adj.) 'rich (person)'
+ ***ḫappinaḫḫ-i*** 'to enrich'
+ ***ḫappinēšš-zi*** 'to become rich'
+ ***ḫappinatt-*** (c.) 'wealth'

***ḫappina-*** → *ḫapn- / ḫappen-* 'baking kiln, fire-pit, broiler (oven)'
***ḫappir-*** → *ḫāppar- / ḫāppir-* 'business, trade; compensation, payment, price'
***ḫāppiriya- / ḫāppira-*** (c.) 'town' (Sum. URU)
**Derivatives:**+ **\**ḫāppiriyašeššar / ḫāppiriyašešn-*** (n.) 'town-settlement'
+ **\**ḫāppiriyant-*** (c.) 'town (personified)'

***ḫapn- / ḫappen-*** (gender unclear) 'baking kiln, fire-pit, broiler (oven)'
***ḫappu-*** (adj.) 'secret (?)' (Sum. GÚ.ZAL; Akk. *PÍ-RI-ÌŠ-TÙ*
***ḫappu-*** (gender unclear) 'fence, railings, cage (within a pen)'
**Derivative:**+ **(KUŠ)*ḫapputri-*** (n.) 'leather part of harness'

***ḫapuri-*** (c.) 'foreskin'
***ḫapuš-*** → *ḫāpūša(šš)-* 'shaft (of an arrow or of reed); shin-bone'
***ḫāpūša(šš)-*** (n.) 'shaft (of an arrow or of reed); shin-bone'
**Derivative**+ ***ḫapušeššar*** (n.) '(arrow)shaft'

***ḫapuš(š)-zi*** 'to make up for, to make up, to bring after'
***ḫāra-*** → *ḫāran-*(MUŠEN) 'eagle'
***ḫarra-i / ḫarr-*** 'to grind, to splinter up (wood), to crush (bread), (+ *arḫa*) to destroy; (midd.) to go to waste, to go bad'
**Derivative:**+ ***ḫarranu-zi*** 'id.'
+ → *ḫārš-i* 'to till (the soil)'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***ḫarra-*** 'to crush (?)'
- **NA4*ḫarra-*** 'grindstone'

+ HLuw. ***ARHA hara-*** 'to destroy'

***ḫāran-*(MUŠEN)** (c.) 'eagle' (Sum. ÁMUŠEN, Akk. *ERŪ*, *ARŪ*)
**Derivative:**+ ***ḫāranili*** (adv.) 'in eagle-fashion'

**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***ḫaran-*** 'eagle (?)'
+ CLuw. ***ḫarran(i)-*** (c.), a bird
+ Lyc. ***Xerẽi***, name of a dynasty

***ḫarrani-*** (c.) an oracle-bird
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***ḫarran(i)-*** (c.) a bird

**(NA4)*ḫararazi-*** (n.) '(upper) millstone (?)'
***-ḫḫa(ri)*,** ***-ḫḫat(i)*** (1sg. midd. endings)
***ḫar(k)-zi*** 'to hold, to have, to keep'
**Derivative:**+ **LÚ/MUNUS*ḫarwant-*** (c.) 'keeper, caretaker, nurse' (Sum. LÚ/MUNUSÙMMEDA)

***ḫark-zi*** 'to get lost, to lose oneself, to disappear, to perish' (Sum. ZÁḪ, Akk. *ḪALĀQU*)
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫarka-*** (c.) 'loss, perdition, destruction, ruin' (Sum. ZÁḪ-*TI*, Akk. *ŠAḪLUQTI*)
+ ***ḫarni(n)k-zi*** 'to make disappear, to ruin, to wipe out, to destroy' (Sum. ZÁḪ, Akk. *ḪULLUQU*)
+ ***ḫarknu-zi*** 'to ruin, to destroy'

***ḫarganau-*** → *ḫargnau-* 'palm (of hand), sole (of foot)'
***ḫarki- / ḫargai-*** (adj.) 'white, bright' (Sum. BABBAR)
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫargnu-zi*** 'to make white'
+ ***ḫarkiyēšš-zi*** 'to become white'

***ḫarkiye/a-zi*** → *ḫark-zi* 'to get lost, to lose oneself, to disappear, to perish'
***ḫargnau-*** (n.) 'palm (of hand), sole (of foot)'
***ḫarna-zi / ḫarn-*** 'to sprinkle, to drip (trans.), to pour'
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫarnu-zi*** 'to spray'
+ ***ḫarnāi-*** (c.) 'tree-sap, resin (?)'

***ḫarnae-zi*,** ***ḫarniye/a-zi*** 'to stir, to churn, to ferment, to agitate, to foment'
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫarnammar*** (n.) 'yeast, ferment'
+ ***ḫarnamniye/a-zi*** 'to stir (up), to churn, to cause to ferment, to incite'
+ ***ḫarnamniyašḫa-*** (c.) 'stir, commotion'

***ḫarnāu- / ḫarnu-*** (n. > c.) 'birthing chair'
**Derivative:**+ ***ḫarnuwašši-*** (adj.) 'of the birthing chair'

***ḫarniye/a-zi*** → *ḫarna-zi / ḫarn-* 'to sprinkle, to drip (trans.), to pour'
***ḫarp-tta(ri)*;** ***ḫarp-zi*** '‘(intr.) to separate oneself and (re)associate oneself elsewhere, to change allegiance; to join with, to take the side of; (trans.) to associate (someone) with; (+ *anda*) to combine, to join together'
**Derivatives:**+ **(GIŠ)*ḫarpa/i-*** (c.) '(wood)pile, heap, mound'
+ ***ḫarpae-zi*** 'to heap up'
+ ***ḫarpal(l)i-*** (n.) 'heap, stack, pile'
+ ***ḫarpanalla/i-*** (c.) 'rebel, turncoat'
+ ***: ḫarpanalla*** (adv.) 'disloyally'
+ ***ḫarpu*** in the expression *ḫar-pu ša-ru-pa le-e i-ya-ši* 'do not act helter-skelter'

***ḫārš-i*** 'to till (the soil)'
**Derivative:**+ **(A.ŠÀ)*ḫaršāwar / ḫaršaun-*** (n.) 'tilled land'

***ḫaršar / ḫaršn-*** (n.) 'head; person; front; beginning' (Sum. SAG[.DU])
**NINDA*ḫarši- / ḫaršai-*** (c.) 'thick-bread' (Sum. NINDA.GUR4.RA)
**Derivatives:**+ **(LÚ)*ḫaršiyala-*,** **(LÚ)*ḫaršiyalli-*** (c.) 'bread-server' (Sum. LÚNINDA.GUR4.RA)
+ **GIŠ*ḫaršiyall-*** (n.) 'breadbox, storage jar'
+ **DUG*ḫarši-*** (c.) 'jar'
+ **DUG*ḫaršiyallanni-*** (n.) 'small jar'
+ **DUG*ḫaršiyalli-*** (n.) 'jar'

***ḫaršiye/a-zi*** → *ḫārš-i* 'to till (the soil)'
***ḫaršiḫarši-*** (n.) 'thunderstorm; jar, pithos' (Sum. ḪI.ḪI)
***ḫartakka-*** (c.) 'bear' (Sum. UR.MAḪ)
**Derivative:**+ **LÚ*ḫartak(k)a-*** (c.) a cult official, 'bear-man'

***ḫardu-*** (n.) 'brood, descendance'
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***ḫardu-*** 'descendance'
- ***ḫarduwatt(i)-*** 'descendant'

+ HLuw. ***hartu-*** (c.) 'descendant'

***-ḫḫaru*** (1sg. imp. midd. ending)
***ḫaruwa-*** (c.) 'road, path'
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***ḫarwa-*** (c.) 'path' (Sum. KASKAL)
- ***ḫarwa-*** 'to send (?)'
- ***ḫarwanna/i-*** (c.) 'little path'
- ***ḫarwanni(ya)-*** 'to send'

+ HLuw.
- ***harwa(n)-*** (c.) 'road'
- ***harwant-*** (c.) 'road'
- ***harwantahit-*** (n.) 'wayfaring'
- ***harwani-*** 'to send'

***ḫaru(wa)nae-zi*** 'to get light, to dawn'
***ḫāšš-*** (c.) 'ash(es); dust; soap' (Sum. SAḪAR)
**Derivative:**+ → *ḫāššā-* 'fireplace, hearth'

***ḫāš-i / ḫašš-*** 'to give birth (to), to beget, to procreate'
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫaššātar / ḫaššann-*** (n.) 'begetting, birth, offspring, family' (Sum. MÁŠ-*tar*)
+ ***ḫaššumar*** (n.) 'begetting, genitals'
+ ***ḫaššannašša/i-*** (c.) 'family member'
+ ***ḫaš(ša)nu-zi*** 'to bring to birth'
+ → *ḫanzāšša-* 'offspring'
+ → *ḫāšša-* 'descendant'
+ → *ḫaššu-* 'king'

**Anat. cognates:**+ HLuw.
- ***has-*** 'to beget'
- ***hasu-*** 'family'

***ḫāš- / ḫašš-*,** ***ḫēš- / ḫešš-*** 'to open' (Akk. *PETŪ*)
***ḫāššā-*** (c.) 'fireplace, hearth' (Sum. GUNNI)
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***ḫaššanitt(i)-*** 'hearth'

***ḫāšša-*** (c.) 'descendant'
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***ḫamša/i-*** (c.) 'grandchild'
- ***ḫamšukkalla/i-*** (c.) 'great-grandchild'

+ HLuw.
- ***hamsa/i-*** (c.) 'grandchild'
- ***hamsukala-*,** ***hamskwala-*** (c.) 'great-grandson'

+ Lyd. ***eśa-*** 'offspring'
+ Lyc. ***χahba-*** 'grandchild'

***ḫaššikk-zi*** 'to satiate oneself, to be satiated'
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫaššik(ka)nu-zi*** 'to satiate, to saturate with, to steep (in)'
+ **(GIŠ)*ḫaššikk(a)-*** (c./n.) a tree and its fruit

***ḫaštāi / ḫašti-*** (n.) 'bone(s); (metaphorically) strength; a measure of length (GÌR.PAD.DU)'
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫaštili(ya)-*** (adj.) 'stout, brave, heroic' (noun) 'hero' (Sum. UR.SAG)
+ ***ḫašteliyant-*** (adj.) 'brave'
+ ***ḫaštiliyatar*,** ***ḫaštaliyatar*** (n.) 'heroic bearing, heroism, bravery'
+ ***ḫaštalēšš-zi*** 'to become brave, to turn warlike'
+ → UZU*dānḫašti-* 'double-bone'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***ḫāš-*** 'bone'
+ HLuw. ***has-*** 'force (?)'

***ḫašter(a)-*** (c.) 'star' (Sum. MUL, Akk. *KAKKABU*)
**Derivative:**+ **URU*Ḫašter(a)-*** (c.), place-name (Sum. URUMUL)

**(GIŠ)*ḫašduer-*** (n.) 'twig(s), brushwood'
***ḫaššu-*** (c.) 'king' (Sum. LUGAL, Akk. *ŠARRU*)
**Derivatives:**+ **\**ḫaššuššara-*** (c.) 'queen' (Sum. MUNUS.LUGAL*-ra-*)
+ ***ḫaššuē-zi*** 'to become king'
+ **\**ḫaššuezzi-*** (n.) 'royal status'
+ **\**ḫaššuezziye/a-tta(ri)*** 'to become king'
+ **\**ḫaššuezna-*** 'royalty'
+ **\**ḫaššueznae-zi*** 'to be king'
+ **\**ḫaššueznatar / ḫaššueznann-*** (n.) 'kingship'

***ḫāt-i / ḫat-*** 'to dry up, to become parched'
* ***ḫātan mallan*** 'dried and milled'
* ***ḫātant-*** (part. of *ḫāt-i / ḫat-*) 'dried'

**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫatēšš-zi*** 'to become dry'
+ ***ḫatnu-zi*** 'to cause to dry up'
+ → *ḫatantiya-* 'dry land'

***ḫatt-a(ri)*,** ***ḫazziye/a-zi*** 'to pierce, to prick, to stab, to hit (a target), to engrave (a tablet)'
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫattanna-i / ḫattanni-*** 'id. (impf.)'
+ ***ḫatteššar / ḫattešn-*** (n.) 'perforation, hole'
+ ***ḫazziyaššar*** (n.) 'perforation'

**Anat. cognate:**+ Lyc. ***χtta(i)-*** 'to harm, to do violence to'

***-ḫḫat*** (1sg. pret. midd. ending) → *-ḫḫa(ri)*, *-ḫḫat(i)*
**(GIŠ/NA4)*ḫattalla-*** (n.) 'club, mace'
**Anat. cognate:**+ HLuw. **\*274*hatal(a)i-*** 'to smite'

**(GIŠ)*ḫattalu-*** (n.) 'bolt, lock' (Sum. SAG.KUL)
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫattaluwae-zi*** 'to bolt, to lock'
+ **LÚ*ḫattalwala-*** (c.) 'lockman, doorguard'

***ḫattant-*** (adj.) 'intelligent, clever, wise'
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫattaḫḫ-i*** 'to make clever, to instruct'
+ ***ḫattātar / ḫattann-*** (n.) 'intelligence, counsel, wisdom' (Sum. GALGA*-tar*)

***ḫatantiya-*** (gender unclear) 'dry land'
**GIŠ*ḫattara-*** (n.) 'prick, awl (vel sim.)'
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫattarae-zi*,** ***ḫattariye/a-tta(ri)*** 'to prick, to incise'
+ ***ḫattareššar / ḫattarešn-*** (n.) 'intersection, crossroad'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- **GIŠ*ḫattara-*** 'hoe (vel sim.)'
- ***ḫattari(ya)-*** 'to hoe'

***-ḫḫat(i)*** (1sg. pret. midd. ending) → *-ḫḫa(ri)*, *-ḫḫat(i)*
***ḫatk-i*** 'to shut, to close'
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫatganu-zi*** 'to make tight, to put pressure on'
+ ***ḫatkešnu-zi*** 'id.'
+ ***ḫatku- / ḫatgaw-*** (adj.) 'tight, pressed, stressful'
+ ***ḫatkuēšš-zi*** 'to become tight'

***ḫatrae-zi*** 'to write, to report, to declare, to order' (Akk. *ŠAPĀRU*)
**Derivative:**+ ***ḫatriyeššar*** (n.) 'written message, decree'

**Anat. cognates:**+ HLuw.
- ***hatura-*** 'letter'
- ***hat-*** 'to write'

***ḫatuk-zi*** 'to be terrible' (Sum. KAL)
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫatūka-*,** ***ḫatuki-*** (adj./n.) 'terrible (deed), fearsome'
+ ***ḫatugātar / ḫatugann-*** (n.) 'terror, awesomeness'
+ ***ḫatukēšš-zi*** 'to become terrible'
+ ***ḫatuganu-zi*** 'to terrify'

***ḫāwi-*** (c.) 'sheep' (Sum. UDU)
**Derivative:**+ ***ḫawiyašši-*** (adj.) 'sheep-like'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***ḫāwi-*** (c.) 'sheep'
+ HLuw. ***hawi-*** (c.) 'sheep'
+ Lyc. ***χawa-*** (c.) 'sheep'

***ḫazziye/a-zi*** → *ḫatt-a(ri)*, *ḫazziye/a-zi* 'to pierce, to prick, to stab, to hit (a target), to engrave (a tablet)'
***-ḫḫe*** (3sg. pres. act. ending of the *ḫi*-inflection) → *-ḫḫi*
***ḫēyaw-*** → *ḫēu- / ḫē(y)aw-* 'rain'
***ḫēyu-*** → *ḫēu- / ḫē(y)aw-* 'rain'
**NA4*ḫekur*** (c.) 'rock-sanctuary'
***ḫen-*** → *ḫān-i / ḫan-* 'to draw (liquids)'
***ḫe(n)k-tta(ri)*,** ***ḫe(n)k-zi*** → *ḫai(n)k-tta(ri)*, *ḫink-a(ri)*; *ḫink-zi* '(act. trans.) to bestow, to offer; (act. intr.) to bow; (midd.) to bow'
***ḫenkan-*** (n.) 'death, doom, deadly disease, plague' (Sum. UG6)
***ḫēš- / ḫešš-*** → *ḫāš- / ḫašš-*, *ḫēš- / ḫešš-* 'to open'
**GIŠ*ḫešša-*** → GIŠ*ḫišša-* 'carriage pole'
**É*ḫeštā*,** **É*ḫeštī*** → É*ḫištā*, É*ḫištī* 'mausoleum (?)'
***ḫēu- / ḫē(y)aw-*** (c.) 'rain' (Akk. *ZUNNU*)
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫē(ya)waniye/a-zi*** 'to rain'
+ ***ḫeyawalla/i-*** 'rain-drain, gutter' (Sum. PISÀN)

***-ḫḫi*** (1sg. pres. act. ending of the *ḫi*-inflection)
**É*ḫīla-*** (c.) 'courtyard; halo' (Sum. TÙR)
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫilae-zi*** 'to be haloed, to have a halo'
+ ***ḫilatar / ḫilann-*** (n.) 'yard'
+ **É*ḫilammar / ḫilamn-*** (n.) 'gate building, gatehouse, portal' (Sum. KI.LAM)
+ **LÚ*ḫilammi-*** (c.) 'courtier'
+ **LÚ*ḫilammatta-*** (c.) a functionary
+ ***ḫilammili*** (adv.) 'in a *ḫ*. fashion'
+ ***ḫilam(min)ni-*** (c.) 'courtier (?)'

**Anat. cognate:**+ HLuw. **PORTA*-lana-*** (n.) 'gate-house'

***ḫimma-*** (c.) 'imitation, substitute, replica'
**Derivative:**+ **LÚ*ḫimmalli-*** (c.) 'imitator, vel sim.'

***ḫin-*** → *ḫān-i / ḫan-* 'to draw (liquids)'
***ḫinik-tta(ri)*** 'to pour (?)'
***ḫink-a(ri)*,** ***ḫi(n)k-zi*** → *ḫai(n)k-tta(ri)*, *ḫink-a(ri)*; *ḫink-zi* '(act. trans.) to bestow, to offer; (act. intr.) to bow; (midd.) to bow'
***ḫinkan-*** → *ḫenkan-* 'death, doom, deadly disease, plague'
**LÚ*ḫippara-*** (c.) 'serf' (Akk. LÚ*ASIRUM*)
**GIŠ*ḫišša-*** (c.) 'carriage pole'
**É*ḫištā*,** **É*ḫištī*** (n.) 'mausoleum (?)' (Sum. É.NA4)
**Derivative:**+ **LÚ*ḫištum(n)a-*** (c.) 'person pertaining to the *ḫištā*'

***ḫuek-zi / ḫuk-*** 'to conjure, to treat by incantation'
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫukmai- / ḫukmi-*** (c.) 'conjuration' (Akk. *ŠIPTU*)
+ **LÚ*ḫukmatalla-*** (c.) 'conjurer' (Sum. LÚKAxLI)
+ ***ḫuganna-i / ḫuganni-*** 'to conjure (impf.)'

***ḫuek-zi / ḫuk-*** 'to slaughter, to butcher'
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫukeššar / ḫukešn-*** (n) 'slaughtering'
+ → *ḫuni(n)k-zi* 'to batter, to bash, to crack'

***ḫueš-*** → *ḫuiš-zi / ḫuš-* 'to live; to survive'
***ḫuett-tta(ri) / ḫuetti-a(ri)*;** ***ḫuttiye/a-zi*** 'to draw, to pull, to pluck' (Sum. SUD. Akk. *ŠADĀDU*)
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫuttiyanna-i / ḫuttiyanni-*,** ***ḫuittiyanna-i / ḫuittiyanni-*** 'id. (impf.)'
+ **SÍG*ḫuttulli-*** (n.) 'strand (of wool)'

***ḫuettiye/a-*** → *ḫuett-tta(ri)*, *ḫuetti-a(ri)*; *ḫuttiye/a-zi* 'to draw, to pull, to pluck'
***ḫuḫḫa-*** (c.) 'grandfather' (Akk. *ABBA ABBA*, *ABI ABI*)
**Derivative:**+ ***ḫuḫḫant-*** (c.) '(great)grandfather'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***ḫūḫa-*** 'grandfather'
- ***ḫuḫatalla/i-*** (adj.) 'ancestral'

+ HLuw.
- ***huha-*** (c.) 'grandfather'
- ***huhant(i)-*** (c.) '(great)grandfather (?)'
- **\**huhantia-*** (adj.) 'of the grandfather'
- ***huhantul(i)-*** (c.) 'greatgreatgrandfather (?)'

+ Lyc. ***χuge-*** 'grandfather'

***ḫuye/a-zi*** → *ḫuwai-i / ḫui-* 'to run, to hurry; to spread (of vegetation); (+ *⸗kan*) to escape; (+ *āppan*) to run behind, to back up'
***ḫuiš-zi / ḫuš-*** 'to live; to survive' (Sum. TI)
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫušnu-zi*,** ***ḫuišnu-zi*,** ***ḫuešnu-zi*** 'to make recover; to rescue; to spare'

- ***ḫuišu- / ḫuišaw-*,** ***ḫuešu- / ḫuešaw-*,** ***ḫušu-*** 'fresh, raw'

- ***ḫušwe/a-zi*,** ***ḫuišwe/a-zi*** 'to stay alive, to be alive, to survive'

**Anat. cognates:**+ HLuw.
- ***hwisar*** (n.) 'game, wild beasts'
- ***hwisnamaya*** (n. (?)) '?'

***ḫuitar / ḫuitn-*** (n.) 'game, wild animals'
**Derivative:**+ ***ḫuitnaima-*** '?'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***ḫuitar / ḫuitn-*** (n.) 'game, wild animals'
- ***ḫuitumar / ḫuitumn-*** (n.) 'life'
- ***ḫuitumnāḫit-*** (n.) 'vitality; liveliness'
- ***ḫuitwal(i)-*** (adj.) 'alive, living'
- ***ḫuitwalāḫit-*** (n.) 'life'
- ***ḫuitwaliya-*** (adj.) 'of a living person'
- ***ḫuitwaluwar*** (n.) 'being alive'

**Anat. cognates:**+ HLuw.
- ***hwitar*** (n.) 'game, wild animals'
- ***hwitnia-*** (adj.) 'of the wild animals (?)'

***ḫuitt(iye/a)-*** → *ḫuett-tta(ri)*, *ḫuetti-a(ri)*; *ḫuttiye/a-zi* 'to draw, to pull, to pluck'
***ḫulla-*** → *ḫulle-zi / ḫull-* 'to smash, to defeat'
**GIŠ*ḫulāli-*** (n.) 'distaff'
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫulāliye/a-zi*** 'to entwine, to encircle'
+ ***ḫulalieššar / ḫulaliešn-*** (n.) 'encirclement'
+ ***ḫulḫuliye/a-zi*** 'to embrace, to wrestle'
+ ***ḫulḫul(iy)a-*** 'wrestling'

***ḫulana-*** (c.) 'wool' (Sum. SÍG)
**Derivative:**+ ***ḫuliya-*** (c.) 'wool'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. **\**ḫulana/i-*** (c.) 'wool'

***ḫulle-zi / ḫull-*** 'to smash, to defeat'
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫullātar*** (n.) 'infliction'
+ ***ḫullumar*** (n.) 'defeat'
+ ***ḫullanza-*** (c.) 'defeat'
+ ***ḫullanzai-*** (c.) 'infliction, defeat'
+ ***ḫullanzatar / ḫullanzann-*** (n.) 'infliction, defeat'
+ ***ḫullanzeššar / ḫullanzešn-*** (n.) 'infliction'

***ḫulli-*** → *ḫulle-zi / ḫull-* 'to smash, to defeat'
***ḫuliya-*** → *ḫulana-* 'wool'
***ḫulliye/a-zi*** → *ḫulle-zi / ḫull-* 'to smash, to defeat'
***ḫuldalae-zi*** → *(:) ḫuwantalae-zi*, *ḫultalae-zi* 'to spare'
**GIŠ*ḫulukanni-*** (c.) 'coach, carriage'
***ḫūmant-*** (adj.) 'every, each, all; whole entire'
***-ḫḫun*** (1sg. pret. act. ending of the *ḫi*-inflection)
***ḫuni(n)k-zi*** 'to batter, to bash, to crack'
***ḫuntariya(i)-tta(ri)*** 'to break wind, to fart'
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫuntarnu-zi*** 'to grunt (of pigs)'
+ ***ḫuntarriamma-*** (adj.) 'grunting (of pigs)'

***ḫupp-*** → *ḫuwapp-i / ḫupp-* 'to hurl, to throw (+ acc.)'
***ḫurrani-*** → *ḫarrani-* an oracle-bird
**GIŠ*ḫurki-*** (c.) 'wheel' (Sum. GIŠUMBIN)
***ḫurkil-*** (n.) 'perversity'
**Derivative:**+ CLuw. ***ḫurkil-*** 'perversion'

***ḫurn-*** → *ḫuwarn- / ḫurn-* 'to hunt'
***ḫurna-*,** ***ḫurne-*,** ***ḫurniye/a-*** → *ḫarna-zi / ḫarn-* 'to sprinkle, to drip (trans.), to pour'
***ḫurt(a)-*** → *ḫuwart-i / ḫurt-* 'to curse'
***ḫuš-*** → *ḫuiš-zi / ḫuš-* 'to live; to survive'
***ḫuške/a-zi*** 'to wait for, to linger'
**Derivative:**+ ***ḫuškewant-*** (c.) 'dawdler'

***-ḫḫut*** (2sg. imp. midd. ending)
***ḫūda-*** (c./n.) 'readiness, ability to act swiftly'
**Derivative:**+ ***ḫūdak*** (adv.) 'straightaway, immediately, suddenly'

**Anat. cognate:**+ ***ḫutarl(iy)a-*** (c.) 'servant'

***ḫuttiye/a-*** → *ḫuett-tta(ri) / ḫuetti-a(ri)*; *ḫuttiye/a-zi* 'to draw, to pull, to pluck'
***ḫuwai-i / ḫui-*** 'to run, to hurry; to spread (of vegetation); (+ *⸗kan*) to escape; (+ *āppan*) to run behind, to back up'
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫuinu-zi*,** ***ḫunu-zi*** 'to make run'
+ ***peran ḫūiyatalla-*** (c.) 'head marcher, helper'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***ḫui(ya)-*** 'to run'
- ***ḫu(i)ḫuiya-*** 'to run'

+ HLuw.
- ***hwia-*** 'to run, to march'
- ***hwihwia-*** 'to run, to march'

***ḫuwant-*** (c.) 'wind' (Sum. IM)
**Derivative:**+ → *ḫuwantalae-zi* 'to spare'

***(:) ḫuwantalae-zi*,** ***ḫultalae-zi*** 'to spare'
***ḫuwapp-i / ḫupp-*** 'to hurl, to throw (+ acc.)'
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫūppa-*** (gender unclear) 'heap'
+ ***ḫuppae-zi*** 'to heap, to pile up'
+ ***: ḫūpala-*** 'fish-net'

***ḫuwapp-i / ḫupp-*** 'to be hostile towards, to do evil against (+ dat.-loc.)'
**Derivatives:**+ ***ḫuwappa-*** (adj.) 'evil, ill, bad' (Sum. ḪUL)
+ ***ḫuwappanatar / ḫuwappanann-*** (n.) 'evilness'

**Anat. cognate:**+ HLuw. ***hwapasanu-*** 'to cause harm'

***ḫuwarn- / ḫurn-*** 'to hunt'
***ḫuwart-i / ḫurt-*** 'to curse'
**Derivative:**+ ***ḫurtāi- / ḫurti-*** (c.) 'curse'

## I (Y)

***i-zi*** 'to go'
**Derivatives:**+ ***iyanna-i / iyanni-*** 'to march'
+ → LÚ*antiyant-* 'son-in-law'
+ → UDU*iyant-* 'sheep'
+ → *ye/a-tta(ri)* 'to go, to come, to walk, to proceed, to stride, to march'
+ → *itar* 'way'
+ → *iwar* 'in the manner of, after the fashion of, like, as'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***i-*** 'to go'
- ***iunāḫit-*** (n.) 'mobile wealth'

+ HLuw. ***i-*** 'to go'

***-i*** (dat.-loc. sg. ending)
***-i*** (voc. sg. ending)
***-i*** (nom.-acc. pl. n. ending)
***-i*** (3sg. pres. act. ending of the *ḫi*-inflection)
***⸗(y)a*** (enclitic conjunctive particle) 'and, also'
**Derivative:**+ → *kui-* + *⸗(y)a* (generalizing pron.) 'every(one), each' under *kui- / kue- / kuwa-* 'who?, what?'; 'who, what'; 'some(one), any(one)'

**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal.
- ***⸗(y)a*** 'and'
- ***kuiš⸗a*** 'everybody'

+ CLuw.
- ***⸗ḫa*** 'and, also'
- ***kuiš⸗ḫa*** 'some/any(one)'

+ HLuw.
- ***⸗ha*** 'and'
- **REL(*-i*)*-sa-ha*** 'someone'

+ Lyd. ***qid⸗a*** 'whatever'
+ Lyc.
- ***⸗ke*** 'and'
- ***ti⸗ke*** 'someone'

+ Mil. ***⸗ke*** 'and'

***iya-tta(ri)*** → *ye/a-tta(ri)* 'to go, to come, to walk, to proceed, to stride, to march'
***iya-zi*** → *ye/a-zi* 'to do, to make'
**UDU*iyant-*** (c.) 'sheep' (Sum. UDU)
***iyāta*,** ***iyatar / iyatn-*** (n.) 'growth, fertility, prosperity'
**Derivatives:**+ ***iyatnuwant-*** (adj.) 'growing, luxuriant'
+ ***iyatniyant-*** (adj.) 'growing'

***ye/a-tta(ri)*** 'to go, to come, to walk, to proceed, to stride, to march' (Sum. DU)
***ye/a-zi*** 'to do, to make' (Sum. DÙ)
**Derivative:**+ → *īšša-i / īšš-* (impf. of *ye/a-zi*) 'to do, to make'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***ā(ya)-*** 'to do, to make'
+ HLuw. ***á(ia)-*** 'to do, to make'
+ Lyd. ***i-*** 'to make (?)'
+ Lyc. ***a-*** '(act.) to do, to make; (midd.) to become'

***yēššar / yēšn-*** (n.) something evil
***ikniyant-*** (adj.) 'lame'
***ikt-*** → *ekt-* '(hunting) net (?)'
**MUŠ*illuyanka-*,** **MUŠ*elliyanku-*** (c.) 'snake, serpent'
**GIŠ*ilzi-*** → GIŠ*elzi-* '(pair of) scale(s)'
***imma*** (adv.) 'truly, really, indeed'
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***imma*** (adv.) 'indeed'
+ HLuw. ***ima*** (adv.) 'indeed'

***imiye/a-zi*** 'to mingle, to mix'
**Derivative:**+ ***imiul-*** (n.) 'grain mix, horse feed'

***inan-*** (n.) 'illness, ailment' (Sum. GIG)
***inarā-*** (stem) 'vigor'
**Derivatives:**+ ***innarā*** (adv.) 'explicitly, willfully, purposely'
+ ***in(n)araḫḫ-i*** 'to make strong, to strenghten'
+ ***innarawawar*** (n.) 'strength'
+ **(d)*in(n)arawant-*** (adj.) 'strong, vigorous (deity)'
+ ***innarawātar / innarawann-*** (n.) 'strength, force, vigor' (Sum. KAL*-tar*)
+ ***innarauwaḫḫ-i*** 'to make strong, to strengthen'
+ ***innarawēšš-zi*** 'to become strong'

**Anat. cognates:**+ HLuw.
- ***ānnara/i-*** (adj.) 'forceful, virile'
- ***annarā(i)-*** 'to be forceful'
- ***ānnari-*** (c.) 'forcefulness, virility'
- ***annarumm(i)-*** (adj.) 'forceful, virile'
- ***ānnarumāḫit-*** (n.) 'forcefulness, virility'
- ***annarumāi-*** 'to display forcefulness'

***ini*** → *aši / uni / ini* 'that (one)'
***inu-zi*** (caus. of *ā(i)-a(ri) / i-*) → *ā(i)-a(ri) / i-* 'to be hot'
***irḫ(a)-*** → *erḫ- / araḫ- / arḫ-*, *erḫa-, arḫa-* 'line, boundary'
***īšša-i / īšš-*** (impf. of *ye/a-zi*) 'to do, to make' (Sum. DÙ*-ešša-*)
***-išš(a)-*** ("imperfective" suffix) → *-šš(a)-*
***iššana-*** → *išnā-* 'dough'
***išḫā-*** (c.) 'master, lord, owner; lady, mistress' (Sum. EN, Akk. *BELU*, *BELTU*)
**Derivatives:**+ ***išḫaššara-*** (c.) 'lady, mistress' (Sum. GAŠAN, Akk. *BELTU*)
+ ***išḫaššarwant-*** (adj.) 'practising lordliness'
+ ***išḫaššarwātar / išḫaššarwann-*** (n.) 'lordliness'
+ ***išḫaššarwēšš-zi*** 'to become a lord (?)'
+ ***išḫaššarwaḫḫ-i*** 'to make lordly'
+ ***išḫezziye/a-zi*** 'to dominate'
+ **\**išḫeznatar / išḫeznann-*** (n.) 'lordship'

***išḫaḫru-*** (n.) 'tear(s)'
**Derivative:**+ ***išḫaḫruwe/a-tta(ri)*** 'to weep'

***išḫai-i / išḫi-*** 'to bind, to wrap; to obligate with, to impose upon' (Akk. *RAKĀSU*)
**Derivatives:**+ **(KUŠ)*išḫiman- / išḫimen-*** (c.) 'string, line, cord, rope, strap'
+ ***išḫamin-*** (c.) 'cord'
+ ***išḫiye/ani-*** (c.) '(body)hair'
+ **(TÚG)*išḫiyal-*** (n.) 'bond, band, belt'
+ ***išḫiul-*** (n.) 'binding; obligation, injunction; statute, treaty'
+ ***išḫiulaḫḫ-i*** 'to bind by treaty'
+ ***išḫuzzi-*** (c.) 'band, belt, girdle'
+ ***išḫuzziye/a-zi*** 'to gird'
+ ***išḫieššar / išḫiešn-*** (n.) 'binding'
+ **GIŠ*išḫāwar*** (n.) 'yoke-plough-set (?)'
+ → *išḫamai-i / išḫami-* 'to sing'
+ → *šišḫa-i / šišḫ-* 'to decide, to appoint'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***ḫišḫiya-*** 'to bind'
- ***ḫišḫiša/i-*** 'spell' (< \*'binding' (?))

+ HLuw. ***hishi-*** 'to bind' (gerund PUGNUS.PUGNUS*hishimina* 'is to be bound' )

***išḫamai-i / išḫami-*** 'to sing' (Sum. SÌR, Akk. *ZAMARU*)
**Derivatives:**+ ***išḫamāi-*** (c.) 'song, melody' (Sum. SÌR)
+ **LÚ*išḫamatalla-*** (c.) 'singer' (Sum. LÚSÌR)

***išḫanittar*** (c.) 'relative by marriage'
**Derivatives:**+ ***išḫanittarātar*** (c.) '?'
+ ***išḫanattalla-*** (c.) '?'
+ ***išḫanalla-'*** (c.) '?'

***išḫiye/a-zi'*** → *išḫai-i / išḫi-* 'to bind, to wrap; to obligate with, to impose upon'
***išḫunau-*** (c. > n.) 'arm, upper arm'
***išḫunauwar*** → *išḫunau-* 'arm, upper arm'
***išḫuwai-i / išḫui-*** 'to throw, to scatter, to pour'
**Derivatives:**+ ***išḫuēššar / išḫuēšn-*** (n.) 'heap'
+ ***išḫuwanna-i / išḫuwanni-*** 'to throw (impf.)'

***iškalla-i / iškall-*** 'to slit, to split, to tear'
**Derivative:**+ **TÚG*iškalleššar*** (n.) 'slit dress'

***išgāp-i / išgap-*** '?'
**Derivative:**+ ***išgapuzzi-*** (n.) a cult object

***iškār-i / iškar-*** 'to sting, to stab, to pierce; to stick (to)'
**Derivatives:**+ ***iškaranna-i / iškaranni-*** 'id. (impf.); to be (in the act of) stabbing'
+ ***išgaratar / išgarann-*** (n.) '(the act of) stabbing, sting (?)'

***iške/a-zi*** → *iškiye/a-zi* 'to smear, to daub, to salve, to oil, to anoint'
***iškiye/a-zi*** 'to smear, to daub, to salve, to oil, to anoint' (Sum. I̯À)
**(UZU)*iškiš-*** (n.) 'back, backside, rear'
***išnā-*** (c.) 'dough'
**Derivatives:**+ ***iššanauwant-*** (adj.) 'doughy'
+ **DUG*išnura-*,** **DUG*išnuri-*** (c.) 'dough-bowl'

***išpai-i / išpi-*** 'to get full, to be filled, to be satiated'
**Derivatives:**+ ***išpiyanu-zi*** 'to saturate'
+ ***išpān*** (n.) 'satiation (?)'
+ ***išpiningatar*** (n.) 'satiation of hunger and thirst'

***išpant-*** (c.) 'night' (Sum. GE6(KAM), Akk. *MUŠU*)
***išpānt-i / išpant-*** 'to libate, to pour, to sacrifice' (Sum. BAL)
**Derivatives:**+ ***šippandanna-i / šippandanni-*** 'to libate (impf.)'
+ **DUG*išpantuwa-*** (c.) 'libation-vessel'
+ **(DUG)*išpantuzzi-*** (n.) 'libation-vessel, libation, libate'
+ **LÚ*išpantuzziyala-*** (c.) 'libation-bearer'
+ **(DUG)*išpantuzziyaššar(a)-*** (n., c.) 'libation-vessel'

***išpār-i / išpar-*** 'to spread (out), to strew'
**Derivatives:**+ ***išparanna-i / išparanni-*** 'to spread (impf.)'
+ ***išparnu-zi*** 'to spread, to spray, to scatter'
+ **(GIŠ)*išparuzzi-*** (n.) 'rafter'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***parri(ya)-*** 'to apply (medicine), to smear (?)'

***išparra-i / išparr-*** 'to trample'
***išparriye/a-zi*** → *išpār-i / išpar-* 'to spread (out), to strew'
***išpart-zi*** 'to escape, to get away'
***išpartiye/a-zi*** → *išpart-zi* 'to escape, to get away'
***išpara-i / išparz-*** → *išpart-zi* 'to escape, to get away'
**(URUDU)*išpātar / išpann-*** (n.) 'spit, skewer, dagger' (Sum. GÍR (?))
***išpiye/a-zi*** → *išpai-i / išpi-* 'to get full, to be filled, to be satiated'
***ištaḫḫ-zi*** → *išta(n)ḫ-zi* 'to taste, to try (food or drinks)'
***ištalk-zi*** 'to level, to flatten'
**(UZU)*ištāman- / ištamin-*** (c. > n.) 'ear' (Sum. GEŠTUG, Akk. *UZNU*)
**Derivatives:**+ **d*Ištamanašša-*** (c.) deity of hearing
+ ***ištamašš-zi*** 'to hear, to listen to, to obey; to percieve' (Sum. GEŠTUG, Akk. *ŠEMŪ*)

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***tummant-*** (n.) 'ear'
- ***tūmmāntaima/i-*** (adj.) 'renowned'
- ***tūmmanti(ya)-*** 'to hear'
- ***tūmmantiya-*** (c.) 'obedience'
- ***dumantiyala-*** 'ear canal (vel sim.)'
- **É*tūmantiyatta/i-*** 'audience room'

+ HLuw.
- **\**tumanti(ia)-*** 'to hear'
- **\**tumantari(ia)-*** 'to hear'

**GIŠ*ištanāna-*** (c.) 'altar' (Sum. ZAG.GAR.RA)
***išta(n)ḫ-zi*** 'to taste, to try (food or drinks)'
**Derivative:**+ **MUNUS*ištaḫatal(l)i-*** (c.) 'taster'

***ištantāye/a-zi*** 'to stay put, to linger, to be late'
**Derivative:**+ ***ištantanu-zi*** 'to put off, to delay'

***ištanzan-*** (c.) 'soul, spirit, mind', pl. also 'living things, persons' (Sum. ZI)
**Derivative:**+ **d*Ištanzašša/i-*** (c.) deity of the soul

***ištāp-i / ištapp-*** 'to plug up, to block, to dam, to enclose, to shut; to besiege'
**Derivatives:**+ ***ištappinu-zi 'to shut, to close'***
+ ***ištappulli-*** (n.) 'cover, lid, plug, stopper'
+ ***ištappulliye/a-zi*** 'to use as a stopper'
+ ***ištappēššar / ištappēšn-*** (n.) 'dam, enclosure'

***ištar(ak)kiye/a-zi*** → *ištar(k)-zi* 'to ail, to afflict'
***ištar(k)-zi*** 'to ail, to afflict' (Sum. GIG)
**Derivatives:**+ ***ištarni(n)k-zi*** 'to ail, to afflict'
+ ***ištarningai-*** (c.) 'ailment, affliction'

***ištarna*,** ***ištarni*** (adv.) 'in the midst, between, among, within' (Sum. ŠÀ)
**Derivative:**+ ***ištarniya-*** (adj.) 'middle, central'

***išdušduške/a-zi*** 'to be announced (?)'
***ištu-āri*** 'to be exposed, to get out (in the open); to be announced'
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***dušduma/i-*** (c.) 'manifest, voucher'
- **\**dušdušša-*** 'to make known (?)'

***-it*** (instr. ending) → *-t* (instr. ending)
***idālu- / idālaw-*** (adj.; n.) 'bad, evil; evilness' (Sum. ḪUL, Akk. *MAŠKU*)
**Derivatives:**+ ***idālawatar / idālawann-*,** ***idaluwatar*** (n.) 'badness, evil disposition'
+ ***idālawaḫḫ-i*** 'to treat badly, to maltreat'
+ ***idalawēšš-zi*** 'to become bad, to go bad, to become evil'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***ādduwa-*** (adj.) 'evil'
- ***ādduwal-*** (n.) 'evil'
- ***ādduwāl(i)-*** (adj.) 'evil'
- ***adduwalaḫit--*** (n.) 'evil'
- ***adduwali(ya)-*** (adj.) 'of evil'

+ HLuw.
- ***átuwa-*** (n.) 'evil'
- ***átuwal(i)-*** (adj./n.) 'evil'
- ***átuwalada-*** 'evil'
- ***átuwalahit-*** 'evilness'
- ***átuwalastar-*** (n.) 'evilness'

***itar*** (n.) 'way'
**LÚ*ittaranni*** (uninfl.) 'runner, messenger' (Sum. LÚKAŠ4.E)
***iwar*** (postpos. + gen.) 'in the manner of, after the fashion of, like, as'
***iūk-*,** **(GIŠ)*iuka-*** (n.) 'yoke, pair' (Sum. ŠUDUN)
***iuga-*** ("adj.") 'yearling'
**Derivatives:**+ ***iugašša-*** (adj.) 'yearling'
+ ***tāyuga-*** ("adj.") 'two-year-old'

## K (G)

***kā- / kū- / ki-*** (demonstrative pronoun) 'this (one)'
* ***kāš … kāš*** 'the one … the other'
* ***kāš … kūn*** 'each other'

**Derivatives:**+ ***kett⸗a kett⸗a*** (adv.) 'on one hand, on the other'
+ ***kā*** (adv.) 'here'
+ ***kān(i)*** (adv.) 'here'
+ ***kiššan*** (adv.) 'thus, as follows'
+ ***kīniššan*** (adv.) 'thus, as follows'
+ ***kiššuwant-*** (adj.) 'of this kind'

**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal.
- ***kā-*** (dem. pron.) 'this'
- ***kiyat*** (adv.) 'here'

+ CLuw.
- ***zā- / zi-*** (dem. pron.) 'this'
- ***zāšta/i-*** (dem. pron.) 'this (very)'
- ***zāwi(n)*** (interj.) 'here, voici'

+ HLuw.
- ***zā-*** (dem. pron.) 'this'
- ***zin … zin*** (adv.) 'on one hand, on the other'

**LÚ*kaina-*** (c.) 'in-law, kinsman' (Akk. *ḪAT(A)NU*)
**Derivatives:**+ **LÚ*kainant-*** (c.) 'id.'
+ **LÚ*kainatar / kainann-*** (n.) 'in-lawship'

***kaka-*** (c.) 'tooth' (Sum. KAxUD)
***kalank-i*** 'to soothe, to satiate, to satisfy'
**Derivatives:**+ ***galaktar*** (n.) 'soothing substance, (opium) poppy (?)'
+ ***galaktarae-zi*** 'to make drowsy'

***kallar-*** (adj.) 'inauspicious, unpropitious, baleful, enormous' (Sum. NU.SIG5)
**Derivatives:**+ ***kallaratar / kallarann-*** (n.) 'inauspiciousness, unfavourable response of an oracle, enormity, excess'
+ ***kallaraḫḫ-i*** 'to make inauspicious'
+ ***kallarešš-zi*** 'to become inauspicious'
+ ***kallaratta/i-*** (c.) 'exaggerator'

***kaleliye/a-zi*** 'to tie up, to truss'
***kallišš-zi / kališš-*** 'to call, to evoke, to summon'
**Derivatives:**+ ***kallištarwana-*** (c.) 'feast, party' (Sum. EZEN)
+ ***gallištarwanili*** (adv.) 'in a feastly manner'

***kalmara-*** (c. / n.) 'ray (of the sun)'
**Derivatives:**+ **(GIŠ)*kalmi-*** (c.) 'piece of firewood'
+ **(GIŠ)*kalmiš(a)na/i-*** (c.) 'brand, piece of firewood, (fire)bolt'
+ **\**kalmātar / kalmann-*** (n.) 'brand'

**GIŠ*kalmuš-*** (n.) 'crook, crozier, lituus'
***kammarš-zi*** 'to shit, to defecate, to shit on, to befoul'
**Derivative:**+ ***kammarašniye/a-tta(ri)*** 'to befoul (?)'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***katmarši(ya)-*** 'to defecate'

***⸗kkan*** (encl. locatival sentence particle) '?'
***kanen(iye/a)-zi*** 'to bow down, to crouch, to squat'
***kane/išš-zi*** 'to recognize, to acknowledge'
***kānint-*** (gender unclear) 'thirst'
**Derivative:**+ ***kaniruwant-*,** ***kaniriwant-*,** ***ganinant-*** (adj.) 'thirsty'

***kānk-i / kank-*** 'to hang (trans.); to weigh'
**Derivatives:**+ ***kanganu-zi*** 'to have (something) weighed'
+ ***gangala-*** (c.) 'hanger, curtain (vel sim.)'
+ ***gangala-*** (c.) 'scale (?)'
+ ***kangali-*** (n.) 'hanging, suspension'
+ **(DUG)*kangur*** (n.) '(hanging (?)) vessel'

**(UZU)*ganu-*** → (UZU)*genu- / ganu-* 'knee'
**(PÍŠ)*kapart- / kapirt-*** (c.) a rodent (Sum. PÍŠ)
***kappi- / kappai-*** (adj.) 'small, little' (Sum. TUR)
**Derivative:**+ ***kappae-zi*** 'to diminish, to reduce'

**Anat. cognate:**+ Lyd. **καμβειν** (gloss) 'grandchild'

***kappilae-zi*** 'to pick a fight (vel sim.)'
**Derivatives:**+ ***kappilaḫḫ-i*** 'to get in a fight'
+ ***kappilalli-*** (adj.) 'prone to fight, aggressive'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***kappilazza-*** 'to become hostile'
+ HLuw. ***kapilala/i-*** (c.) 'enemy (?)'

***kappuwe/a-zi*** 'to count, to calculate; (+ *āppa(n)*) to take into account, to value'
**Derivative:**+ ***kappueššar / kappuešn-*** (n.) 'counting, calculation' (Sum. ŠID*-ešn-*)

***karaitt- / karett-*** (c.) 'flood, inundation'
***karāp-i / kare/ip-*** 'to devour, to consume'
***karaš*** (n.) 'wheat, emmer-wheat'
***karāt-*** (c.) 'entrails, innards; inner being, character' (Sum. ŠÀ)
**(SI)*karāwar / karaun-*** (n.) 'horn(s), antler(s)' (Sum. SI)
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- **SI*-na-*** 'horn'
- ***zarwani(ya)-*** (adj.) 'of a horn'

+ HLuw. ***suran-*** 'horn; plentifulness (?)'

***karett-*** → *karaitt- / karett-* 'flood, inundation'
***karewariwar*** (adv.) 'at daybreak, early in the morning'
***kariant-*** (c.) 'grass'
**Derivative:**+ ***kariantašḫa-*** (c.) 'grassland, lawn'

***kariye/a-(tt)a(ri)*** 'to be gracious towards'
**Derivatives:**+ ***kariyašḫa-*** (c.) 'graciousness, mercy'
+ ***kāri tiye/a-zi*** 'to be gracious towards, to be merciful to'

***kariye/a-zi*** 'to cover (someone/thing (acc.) with something (instr.)'
**Derivative:**+ **TÚG*kariulli-*** (n.) 'hood'

***kariye/a-zi*** 'to pause (?), to rest (?)'
**Derivative:**+ ***karinu-zi*,** ***kariyanu-zi*** 'to silence'

**É*karimmi*,** **É*karimn-*** (n. / c.) 'shrine, chapel, sanctuary'
**Derivative:**+ **LÚ(.É)*karimnāla-*** (c.) functionary belonging with the *karimn-*

***karinu-zi*** → *kariye/a-zi* 'to pause (?), to rest (?)'
***karitt-*** → *karaitt- / karett-* 'flood, inundation'
***kariwariwar*** → *karewariwar* 'at daybreak, early in the morning'
***karp-tta(ri)*** → *karp(iye/a)-tta(ri)* 'to be angry'
***karp-zi*** → *karpiye/a-zi* 'to take (away), to take up, to lift, to pluck; (midd.) to have finished'
***karp(iye/a)-tta(ri)*** 'to be angry'
**Derivatives:**+ ***karpēšš-zi*** 'to become angry'
+ ***karpi-*** (c.) 'wrath, anger, fury'
+ ***karpiwāla-*** (adj.) 'furious'

***karp(iye/a)-zi*** 'to take (away), to take up, to lift, to pluck; (midd.) to have finished'
**Derivative:**+ ***karpanu-zi*** 'to pick up'

**Anat. cognate:**+ Lyd. ***fa-korfid*** 'to undertake (vel sim.)'

***karš-zi*** → *karš(iye/a)-zi* 'to cut (off), to separate; to stop'
***karši- / karšai-*** (adj.) 'harsh, astringent'
**Derivative:**+ ***karšikarši-*** (n.) 'astringent'

***karš(iye/a)-zi*** 'to cut (off), to separate; to stop' (Sum. TAR)
**Derivatives:**+ ***karša-*** (c.) 'clipping'
+ ***karšatar*** (n.) 'chunk'
+ ***karšeššar / karšešn-*** (n.) 'cutting, parcel'
+ ***karšatt-*** (c.) 'cutting, removal'
+ ***karšantalli-*** (c.) '?'
+ ***karšnu-zi*** 'to cut off, to cancel'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***karš-*** 'to cut'
- ***karšattar / karšattn-*** (n.) 'parcel (of land), selection (of animals); block (of metal)'

+ Lyd. ***fa-karse-*** 'to cut (out)'

***kard-*** → (UZU)*ker / kard(i)-* 'heart; center, core'
***kartae-zi*** 'to cut off' (Sum. TAR)
***kard(i)-*** → (UZU)*ker / kard(i)-* 'heart; center, core'
***kardimiye/a-tta(ri)*** 'to be angry' (Sum. TUKU[.TUKU])
**Derivatives:**+ ***kardimiyawant-*** (adj.) 'angry'
+ ***kartimmiēšš-zi*** 'to become angry'
+ ***kardimi(ya)nu-zi*** 'to make angry'
+ ***kardimiyaḫḫ-i*** 'to make angry'
+ ***kardimiyatt-*** (c.) '(cause of) anger'

***karū*** (adv.) 'early; formerly, earlier, already; up to now'
**Derivatives:**+ ***karūili-*,** ***karūli-*** (adj.) 'former, older, early, ancient' (Sum. LIBIR.RA)
+ ***karūiliyatt-*** (c.) 'former state'

**Anat. cognate:**+ HLuw. ***ruwan*** (adv.) 'formerly'

***karūšš(iye/a)-zi*** 'to be silent, to fall silent'
**Derivatives:**+ ***karūššiyanu-zi*** 'to silence'
+ ***karuššiyantili*** (adv.) 'silently, quietly'

***karūwariwar*** → *karewariwar* 'at daybreak, early in the morning'
***karza / karzan-*** (n.) 'spool, bobbin (vel sim.)'
***kāša*,** ***kāšma*** (interj.) 'look here, behold'
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***zāwi(n)*** (interj.) 'here, voici'

***kāšma*** → *kāša*, *kāšma* 'look here, behold'
***kāšt- / kišt-*** (c.) 'hunger, starvation, famine'
**Derivatives:**+ ***kišduwant-*** (adj.) 'hungry'
+ ***kištant-*,** ***kaštant-*** (c.) 'hunger'
+ ***kištanziye/a-tta(ri)*** 'to suffer famine'
+ → *kišt-āri* 'to perish, to be extinguished'

**Anat. cognate:**+ **"\*460"*ást-*** 'hunger (?)'

***katta*** (adv., prev.) 'downwards', (postpos. + gen.) '(along) with, alongside' (Sum. GAM(*-ta*))
**Derivatives:**+ ***kattan*** (adv.) 'below, underneath' (Sum. GAM*-an*)
+ ***katti*** (adv. with encl. poss. pron.) '(along) with'
+ ***kattanda*** (adv.) 'downwards, along'

**Anat. cognates:**+ HLuw.
- ***kata*** (adv.) 'down, under'
- ***katanta*** (adv.) 'below'

+ Lyd.
- ***kat-*** (prev.) '?'
- ***kaτ-*** (prev.) '?'

**(DUG)*kattakuranta-*** (c.) a libation vessel
**GIŠ*kattaluzzi-*** (n.) 'threshold'; ***kattera- kattaluzzi-*** 'doorstep'; ***šarāzzi(ya)- kattaluzzi-*** 'lintel'
**Derivative:**+ CLuw. **GIŠ*kattaluzzi-*** (n.) 'threshold'

***kattera-*** (adj.) 'lower, inferior; infernal; farther along' (Sum. GAM*-ra-*)
**Derivatives:**+ ***kattera*** (adv.) 'below'
+ ***katteraḫḫ-i*** 'to lower, to make inferior, to dismiss'
+ ***katterezzi-*** (adj.) 'lower, inferior'

***katti⸗*** → *katti* (derivative of *katta*) '(along) with'
***kattu-*** (n.) 'enmity, strife'
**Derivatives:**+ ***kattuwae-zi*** 'to be aggrieved (?)'
+ ***kattawātar / kattawann-*** (n.) 'aggrievedness, enmity'
+ ***kattawannalli-*** (adj.) 'vengeful'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***kattawatnalli-*** (adj.; c.) 'vengeful; plaintiff'

**GADA*kazzarnul-*** (n.) a certain cloth
**(UZU)*genu- / ganu-*** (n. > c.) 'knee'
**Derivatives:**+ ***genuššariye/a-zi*,** ***kanuššariye/a-zi*** 'to kneel'
+ ***genušrinu-zi*** 'to make kneel'

***kenu-zi*** → *kīnu-zi* 'to open (up), to break open'
**(UZU)*genzu-*** (n.) 'abdomen, lap'
**Derivatives:**+ ***genzuwe/a-zi*,** ***genzuwae-zi*** 'to treat gently, to be compassionate (towards), to be kind (to)'
+ ***genzuwala-*** (adj.) 'kindhearted'

**(UZU)*ker / kard(i)-*** (n.) 'heart; center, core' (Sum. ŠÀ, Akk. *LIBBU*)
**Derivatives:**+ → *šallakarta-* 'presumptuousness'
+ → *kardimiye/a-zi* (s.v. *kardimiye/a-tta(ri)*) 'to be angry'

**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***kārt-*** 'heart'
+ CLuw. **UZU*zārt-*** 'heart'
+ HLuw.
- **COR*zart(i)-*** (n.) 'heart'
- ***zartiya-*** 'to wish'

***keš-zi*** → *kiš-zi* 'to comb, to card'
***keššar / kiššer- / kišr-*** (c.) 'hand' (Sum. ŠU, Akk. *QATU*)
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***īš(ša)ra/i-*** (c.) 'hand'
- ***iššarallattar-*** (n.) 'bracelet'
- ***išarwaya-*** (adj.) 'favourable (vel sim.)'
- ***išarwila/i-*** 'right hand'
- ***išarwili(ya)-*** (adj.) 'of the right hand (> favourable)'

+ HLuw. ***istra/i-*** (c.) 'hand'
+ Lyc. ***izre/i-*** 'hand'

***kešt-āri*** → *kišt-āri* 'to perish, to be extinguished'
***ketkar*** (adv.) 'at the head (of), on top'
***ketpantalaz*** (adv.) 'from this time on'
***ki-tta(ri)*** 'to lie, to be laid, to be in place, to be set' (Sum. GAR)
**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***kī-*** 'to lie'
+ CLuw. ***zī-*** 'to lie'
+ Lyc. ***si-*** 'to lie'

***⸗kki*,** ***⸗kka*** → *kui-* + *⸗kki/⸗kka* (derivative of *kui- / kue- / kuwa-*) 'some(one), any(one)'
***giem-*** → *gimm-* 'winter'
***gimm-*** (c.) 'winter' (Sum. ŠE12, Akk. *KUṢṢU*)
**Derivatives:**+ ***gimaniye/a-zi*** 'to spend the winter'
+ ***gimmant-*** (c.) 'winter'
+ ***gimmantariye/a-zi*** 'to spend the winter'
+ → *gimra-* 'the outdoors, countryside, field, military campaign'

***gimmant-*** → *gimm-* 'winter'
***gimmara-*** → *gimra-* 'the outdoors, countryside, field, military campaign'
***gimra-*** (c.) 'the outdoors, countryside, field, military campaign' (Sum. LÍL, Akk. *ṢERU*)
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***im(ma)ra/i-*** 'open country'

***kinae-zi*** 'to (as)sort'
***kīnu-zi*** 'to open (up), to break open'
***kinun*** (adv.) 'now'
**Derivatives:**+ ***kinuna*** '(but) now'
+ ***kinuntariyal*** (adv.) 'in the present'
+ ***kinuntariyalla-*** (adj.) 'as of now, present'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***nānun*** 'now'
- ***nanuntarrit-*** (n.) 'the present'
- ***nanuntarri(ya)-*** (adj.) 'of the present'
- ***nānuntarriyal(i)-*** (adj.) 'present'

***ginzu-*** → (UZU)*genzu-* 'abdomen, lap'
**(GIŠ)*gipeššar / gipešn-*** (n.) 'cubit, ell', also area measure (as area measure: Sum. KÙŠ, Akk. *AMMATU*)
***kir*** → (UZU)*ker / kard(i)-* 'heart; center, core'
***kīš-a(ri) / kiš-*** 'to happen, to occur, to turn out to be; (+ *⸗z*) to become'
**Derivative:**+ ***kikkiš-tta(ri)*** 'to turn out to be, to happen (impf.)'

***kiš-zi*** 'to comb, to card'
**Derivatives:**+ ***kiš(ša)nu-zi*** '?'
+ **SÍG*kiš(ša)ri-*** (c.) 'skein of carded wool (?)'
+ ***kišama/i-*** (adj.) '(garment of) carded (yarn)'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***kiš-*** 'to comb'

***kiššar(a)-*** → *keššar / kiššer- / kišr-* 'hand'
***kiššer(a)-*** → *keššar / kiššer- / kišr-* 'hand'
***kišr(a)-*** → *keššar / kiššer- / kišr-* 'hand'
***kišt-āri*** 'to perish, to be extinguished'
**Derivatives:**+ ***kištanu-zi*** 'to put out, to extinguish'
+ → *kāšt-/ kišt-* 'hunger, starvation, famine'

***kitkar*** → *ketkar* 'at the head (of), on top'
***kitpantalaz*** → *ketpantalaz* 'from this time on'
***⸗kku*** (encl.) 'now, even, and'
* ***⸗kku … ⸗kku*** 'both … and; if … if; whether … or'

**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***⸗ku*** 'and (?)'
+ CLuw. ***⸗ku*** (sentence initial enlcitic particle) 'and (?), furthermore (?)'

***kueluwana-*** (c.) 'washbasin (vel sim.)'
***kue(n)-zi / kun- / kuwa(n)-*** 'to kill, to slay, to ruin' (Akk. *DĀKU*)
* ***kunant-*** (part. of *kue(n)-zi / kun- / kuwa(n)-*) 'killed'

***kuenzumna-*** (adj.) 'coming from where, of what origin'
***kuer-zi / kur- / kuwar-*** 'to cut, to cut up, to cut out off, to amputate, to mutilate'
**Derivatives:**+ **A.ŠÀ*kuera-*** (c.) 'field parcel, territory, area'
+ **URUDU*kuruzzi-*** 'cutter'
+ ***kuerš-zi / kurš-*** 'to cut off'
+ → (TÚG)*kurēššar / kurešn-* 'piece of cloth; (+ SAG.DU*-aš*) (woman’s) head-dress'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***kuwar- / kur-*** 'to cut'
- ***kuramma-*** 'cutting'
- ***kuranna/i-*** 'cutter (vel sim.)'
- ***kurattar / kuratn-*** (n.) 'cutting'
- ***kuraštra/i-*** (c.) 'schism'
- ***kuri- / kurai-*** 'to cut into slices'
- ***kuršawar / kuršaw(a)n-*** (n.) 'island'

+ HLuw. ***kwar-*** 'to cut (off)'

***kuerwana-*** → *kurewana- / kuerwana-* describing a foreign person or country in relation to a superior potentate
***kui- / kue- / kuwa-*** (interrog. pron.) 'who?, what?'; (rel. pron.) 'who, what'; (indef. pron.) 'some(one), any(one)'
* ***kuiš … kuiš*** 'some … other'
* ***kuiš kuiš*,** ***kuiš … kuiš*,** ***kuišš⸗a imma*,** ***kuiš … imma*,** ***kuiš kuiš imma*,** ***kuiš imma kuiš*,** ***kuiš … imma kuiš*,** ***imma kuiš*** (generalizing rel. pron.) 'who(so)ever, what(so)ever'

**Derivatives:**+ ***kui-* +** ***⸗(m)a*** (generalizing rel. pron.) 'who(so)ever, what(so)ever'
+ ***kui-* +** ***⸗kki/⸗kka*** (indef. pron.) 'some(one), any(one)'
+ ***kui-* +** ***⸗(y)a*** (generalizing pron.) 'every(one), each'
+ ***kuitmān*** (rel. conj.) 'until; while', (indef. adv.) 'for some time, in the interim, meanwhile'
+ ***kuwāt*** (interrog. adv.) 'why?; (+ 'if') for some reason'
- ***kuwat imma kuwat*** 'for whatever reason'

+ ***kuwātka*** (marked indef.) 'in some way, somehow, perhaps'
+ ***kuwatta(n)*** (interrog. adv.) 'where?, whither?'; (rel. conj.) 'where, whither'; (indef. adv.) 'somewhere'
+ ***kuwatta kuwatta*** (adv.) 'in every way'
+ ***kuwatta imma kuwatta*** 'wherever'
+ ***kuwatta (imma kuwatta) šer*** 'wherefore, whatever for'
+ ***kuwāpi(t)*** (interrog. adv.) 'where?, whither?; when?'; (rel. conj.) 'where, whither; when'
+ ***kuwāpikki*** (indef. adv.) 'somewhere, sometime, ever'
+ ***kuwāpitta*,** ***kuwapiya*** (generalizing adv.) 'everywhere, always'
+ ***kuššan imma*** 'whenever'
+ ***kuššanka*** (indef. adv.) 'anytime, ever'

**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal.
- ***kui-*** (rel. and interrog. pron.) 'who, what'
- ***kui-* +** ***⸗a*** (generalizing pron.) 'every'
- ***kuiš kuiš*** (generalizing rel.) 'whoever'

+ CLuw.
- ***kui-*** (rel. and interrog. pron.) 'who, what'
- ***kui-* +** ***⸗ḫa*** (indef. pron.) 'some/any(one)'

+ HLuw.
- ***kwi-*** (rel. and interrog. pron.) 'who, what'
- ***kwi-* +** ***⸗ha*** (indef. pron.) 'someone'
- ***kwis kwis*,** ***kwis ima kwis*,** ***kwis kwisha*,** ***kwisha … kwis*** (generalizing pron.) 'whoever, whatever'
- **REL+*ra/i*** (adv.) 'because'
- **REL*-za*** (adv.) 'because'
- ***kuman*** (adv.) 'because'

+ Lyd.
- ***qi-*** (rel. and interrog. pron.) 'who, what'
- ***qi-* +** ***⸗a*** (indef. rel. pron.) 'whoever, whatever'
- ***qi-* +** ***⸗k*** (indef. pron.) 'someone'
- ***kud*** (rel. adv.) 'where'
- ***kot*** (rel. adv.) 'as'
- ***⸗ko(d)k*** (indef. encl.) 'somehow'

+ Lyc.
- ***ti-*** (rel. pron.) 'who, which'
- ***ti-* +** ***⸗ke*** (indef. pron.) 'some/anyone'
- ***ti-* +** ***⸗se*** (indef. pron.) 'any(one)'
- ***km̃me/i-*** 'how(ever) many'
- ***km̃mẽt(i)-*** 'how(ever) many'

***kukkurš-zi / kuwakuwarš-*** 'to cut up, to mutilate'
***kukuš-zi*** 'to taste'
***gulašš-zi*** → *gulš-zi* 'to carve, to engrave, to inscribe, to write, to decree'
***gulš-zi*** 'to carve, to engrave, to inscribe, to write, to decree'
**Derivatives:**+ **d*Gulša-*** (c.) 'fate-goddess'
+ ***gulzi-*** (c.) 'engraving, tracing'

**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. **d*Gulzannikeš*** 'fate-godesses'

* CLuw.
+ ***gulzā(i)-*** 'to draw'
+ **d*Gulza-*** (c.) 'fate, fate-goddess'
+ **GIŠ(.ḪUR)*gulzattar / gulzat(ta)n-*** (n.) 'sketch, rough draft, wooden tablet'

***kuluwana-*** → *kueluwana-* 'washbasin (vel sim.)'
***kunna-*** (adj.) 'right (hand or side); right, favourable, succesfull' (Sum. ZAG)
**Derivatives:**+ **\**kunnatar*** (n.) 'rightness, success'
+ ***kunnaḫḫ-i*** 'to set aright, to get it right, to succeed'
+ ***kunnēšš-zi*** 'to turn out right'

**NA4*kunkunuzzi-*** (c.) 'rock' (Sum. NA4ŠU.U)
***kur-*** → *kuer-zi / kur- / kuwar-* 'to cut, to cut up, to cut out off, to amputate, to mutilate'
**(TÚG)*kurēššar / kurešn-*** (n.) 'piece of cloth; (+ SAG.DU*-aš*) (woman’s) head-dress'
**Derivative:**+ **TÚG*kurešnae-zi*** 'to provide with head-dress'
- **TÚG*kurešnant-*** (partic.) 'coiffed'

***kurewana- / kuerwana-*** (adj.) describing a foreign person or country in relation to a superior potentate
**(É)*gurta-*** (c.) 'town, citadel, acropolis'
**Derivatives:**+ **LÚ*gurtawanni-*** (adj.) 'man of the citadel'
+ ***kurtalli-*** 'citadel-dweller (?)'

**GIŠ(.ḪUR)*kurta-*** (gender unclear) 'wooden tablet' (Sum. GIŠ.ḪUR, Akk. GIŠ*LE-U5*)
***kūrur-*** (n.) 'enmity, hostility, war(fare)'
* ***kūrura-*** (c.) 'enemy'

**Derivatives:**+ ***kūruriye/a-zi*** 'to be hostile'
+ ***kururae-zi*** 'to be hostile'
+ ***kūruriyaḫḫ-i*** 'to wage war (on), to act hostile (towards) (+ dat.), to become enemies'
+ **\**kururatar / kururann-*** (n.) 'enmity, hostility'
+ **LÚKÚR*-na-*** (c.) 'enemy'
+ **LÚKÚR*-nili*** (adv.) 'in enemy fashion'

**(LÚ)*kūša-*** (c.) 'daughter-in-law, bride; son-in-law'
**Derivative:**+ ***kūšāta-*** (n.) 'bride-price'

***kuššan / kušn-*** (n.) 'pay, salary, fee, hire' (Akk. *IDU*)
**Derivatives:**+ ***kuššaniye/a-zi*** 'to hire, to employ'
+ **LÚ*kuššan(iy)atalla-*** (c.) 'hireling, mercenary'

***kūtt- / kutt-*** (c.) 'wall'
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. **NA4*kuttaššara/i-*** 'orthostat'

* HLuw.
+ **SCALPRUM*kutasara/i-*** (c.) 'orthostat'
+ ***kutasara-*** 'to "orthostat"'

***kutruwan- / kutruen-*** (c.) 'witness'
**Derivatives:**+ ***kutruwae-zi*** 'to bear witness, to provide testimony'
+ ***kutruwatar / kutruwann-*** (n.) 'witnessing'
+ ***kutruēššar / kutruēšn-*** (n.) 'witnessing'
+ ***kutruwaḫḫ-i*** 'to summon as witness'

**Anat. cognates:**+ HLuw.
- ***trwan(i)-*** (c.) 'judge'
- ***trwana/i-*** 'justice'

**\**kuwan-*** (c.) 'woman' (Sum. MUNUS)
**Derivative:**+ **MUNUS*-nili*** (adv.) 'in woman’s way, in female fashion'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***wānā-*** (c.) 'woman'
- ***w(a)natt(i)-*** (c.) 'woman'

+ HLuw. **FEMINA*-nat(i)-'*** (c.) 'woman'
+ Lyd. ***kãna-*** 'wife'

**LÚ*kuwan- / kun-*** (c.) 'hound-man' (Sum. LÚUR.GI7)
**Anat. cognate:**+ HLuw. ***swan(i)-*** (c.) 'dog'

***kuwar-*** → *kuer-zi / kur- / kuwar-* 'to cut, to cut up, to cut out off, to amputate, to mutilate'
***kuwašš-zi*** 'to kiss'
**Derivative:**+ ***kuwašnu-zi*** 'to make kiss'

**\**kuwāu-*** (c.) 'cow' (Sum. GU4)
**Derivative:**+ **GU4*-li*** (adv.) 'like a cow'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***wawa/i-*** (c.) 'cow'
+ HLuw. ***wawa/i-*** 'cow'
+ Lyc. ***wawa-*,** ***uwa-*** (c.) 'cow'

L

***lā- / l-*** 'to loosen, to release, to untie, to relieve, to remove (ailments)'
**Derivative:**+ ***lātar / lānn-*** (n.) 'release'

***lae-zi*** → *lā- / l-* 'to loosen, to release, to untie, to relieve, to remove (ailments)'
***lāḫ-*** → *lāḫu-i / laḫu-* 'to pour, to cast (objects from metal); (intr.) to (over)flow'
***lāḫḫ-*** (c.) 'military campaign, expedition; journey, trip, voyage'
**Derivatives:**+ ***laḫḫiye/a-zi*** '(intr.) to travel, to go on an expedition, to roam; (trans.) to attack'
+ ***laḫḫiyanna-i / laḫḫiyanni-*** 'id.; to be on a campaign'
+ ***laḫḫiyatar / laḫḫiyann-*** (n.) 'campaign'
+ **(LÚ)*laḫḫiyala-*** (c.) 'campaigner, (field-)fighter, warrior, infantry'
+ ***laḫḫema-*** (c.) 'military field action, raid, maneuver'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***laḫḫi(ya)-*** 'to travel, to campaign'
- ***lalḫiya-*** (c.) 'journey, campaign'

+ Lyd. **λαίλας** 'tyrant'
+ Mil. ***laχ-*** 'to strike (?)'

***laḫḫanzan-*MUŠEN** (c.) a water-bird, a duck
***lāḫu-i / laḫu-*** 'to pour, to cast (objects from metal); (intr.) to (over)flow'
**Derivatives:**+ ***laḫḫu-*** (c.) 'container' (Sum. DAG.KISIM5xLA, Akk. *LAḪTANU*)
+ ***laḫḫuēššar / laḫḫuēšn-*** (n.) 'pouring cup'
+ ***lalḫuwant-*** 'poured (?)'
+ ***lilaḫu-i*** 'to pour'
+ → GIŠ*laḫḫura-* 'offering table (?) or stand (for pots and offerings)'
+ → *lilḫuwa-i / lilḫui-* 'to pour'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***lā(ḫ)un(a)i-*** 'to wash'
- ***lū-*** 'to pour'

**(GIŠ)*laḫḫura-*** (c.) 'offering table (?) or stand (for pots and offerings)' (Sum. GIŠGAN.KAL)
**(GIŠ)*laḫḫurnuzzi-*** (n./c.) 'leafage, leavy branches, foliage, greenery'
**GIŠ*laḫḫuwarnuzzi-*** → (GIŠ)*laḫḫurnuzzi-* 'leafage, leavy branches, foliage, greenery'
***lāk-i / lak-*** '(act.) to knock out (a tooth), to turn (one’s ears or eyes towards), to train (a vine); (midd.) to fall, to be felled, to be toppled'
**Derivatives:**+ ***laknu-zi*** 'to fell, to knock over, to train (a vine)'
+ ***lilak(k)-i*** 'to fell'
+ ***lagan-*** (n.) 'inclination, disposition'

**(TÚG/GAD)*lakkušanzani-*** (c.) 'sheet, bedcover'
***lāla-*** (c.) 'tongue, blade, speech, talk' (Sum. (UZU)EME)
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***lāla/i-*** (c.) 'tongue, gossip'
+ HLuw. **\**lalant(i)-*** (c.) 'language'

***lala(k)ue/iša-*** (c.) 'ant'
**Derivative:**+ ***lala(k)uēššar / lala(k)uēšn-*** (n.) 'ant-colony, ant swarm'

***lalami-*** (c./n.) 'receipt'
***lalawe/iša-*** → *lala(k)ue/iša-* 'ant'
***lālu-*** (n.) 'penis' (Akk. UZU*IŠARU*)
**Anat. cognate:**+ Lyd. **λάλου** 'juvenile penis'

***lalukkē-zi*** 'to be or become luminous'
**Derivatives:**+ ***lalukkewant-*** (adj.) 'luminous'
+ ***lalukkima-*** (c.) 'light source' (Sum. ZÁLAG.ZA)

***laluk(k)e/išš-zi*** 'to light up, to become luminous'
**Derivative:**+ ***laluk(k)e/išnu-zi*** 'to give light to, to illuminate'

***lāman / lamn-*** (n.) 'name; reputation' (Akk. *ŠUMMU*)
**Derivative:**+ ***lam(ma)niye/a-zi*** 'to name, to call, to summon, to assign'

**Anat. cognates:**+ HLuw.
- ***álaman-*** (n.) 'name'
- ***lamni-*** 'to proclaim'

+ Lyc. ***alãman-*** 'name'

***lammar / lamn-*** (n.) 'moment, instant', (adv.) 'instantly, immediately'
**Derivative:**+ ***lamarḫandatti-*** (adj.) 'hour-fixing'

**Anat. cognate:**+ HLuw. ***lam(i)ni*** (adv.) 'at the time'

***lāpp-zi / lapp-*** 'to glow, to flash'
**Derivatives:**+ ***lap(pa)nu-zi*** 'to kindle, to cause to flash'
+ ***lappiya-*** (c.) 'fever'
+ **GIŠ*lappiya-*** (c.) 'burner-wood, wood-ember'
+ ***lappina-*(SAR)** 'wick(-like plant) (?)'
+ ***lappinae-zi*** 'to insert a wick (?)'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***lappiya-*** 'heat (?)'

**(URUDU)*lāppa-*** (n.) a metal implement, 'scoop (?)'
***labarna-*,** ***tabarna-*** (c.) PN which became title of Hittite kings
***laplappa-*,** ***laplippa-*** (c.)**, *laplapi-*,** ***laplipi-*** (n.) 'eyelash(es)'
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***lalpi-*** (c.) 'eyelash'

***lawarr(iya)-*** (CLuw. verb) 'to despoil, to strip'
***lāwatt-*** (c. (?)) '?'
**(GIŠ)*lazzai- / lazi-*** (c.) 'sweet flag, calamus' (Sum. GI.DÙG.GA)
***lazzi-*** (adj.) 'good, right' (Sum. SIG5, DÙG.GA)
**Derivatives:**+ ***lāzziye/a-zi*** '(act.) to set straight, to prosper; (midd.) to be good, to be right, to be favourable, to get well'
- ***lazziyauwar*** (verb. noun) 'wellness'

+ **\**lazziēšš-zi*** 'to become good, to get well'
+ **\**lazziyaḫḫ-i*** 'to make right, to repair, to cure; to give a favourable sign'

**Anat. cognates:**+ HLuw.
- ***arha lada-*** 'to prosper, to flourish'
- ***arha ladanu-*** 'to cause to prosper'

***le*** (prohibitive particle) 'not'
***lela-*** (c.) 'conciliation, pacification'
**Derivatives:**+ ***lelae-zi*** 'to conciliate, to pacifiy'
+ ***lilaššalla-*** (adj. (?)) 'propitiatory, conciliatory (?)'
+ ***lilāre/iške/a-zi*** 'to conciliate, to pacifiy'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***līla(i)-*** 'to pacifiy, to conciliate, to soothe'

***lelaniye/a-tta(ri)*** 'to infuriate'
***lelḫuwa-i / lelḫui-*** → *lilḫuwa-i / lilḫui-* 'to pour'
***leliwant-*** (adj.) 'travelling swiftly, winged (?); urgent'
**Derivative:**+ ***leliwaḫḫ-i*** 'to make haste, to hurry'

***le(n)k-zi*** → *li(n)k-zi* 'to swear, to take an oath, to state under oath'
***lešš-zi / lišš-*** 'to pick, to gather'
**Derivative:**+ ***leššalla-*** (c.) 'gathering (?), collection (?)'

***leš(š)i-*,** ***lišši-*** (n.) 'liver' (Sum. UZUNÍG.GIG, Akk. *KABITTU*)
**Derivative:**+ ***liššiyala-*** (adj.) 'liver-related, located in the liver (?)'

***lik-zi*** → *li(n)k-zi* 'to swear, to take an oath, to state under oath'
***lila-*** → *lela-* 'conciliation, pacification'
***lilḫuwa-i / lilḫui-*** 'to pour'
**Derivatives:**+ **DUG*lelḫuntai-*** (c.) 'vessel for pouring'
+ **DUG*lelḫuntalli-*** (c.) 'vessel for pouring'
+ ***lelḫuntae-zi*** 'to use a pitcher, to pour from a pitcher'
+ ***lelḫu(wa)rtima-*** (c.) 'outpourings (?), inundations (?)'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***lilūwa-*** 'to pour'

***liliwant-*** → *leliwant-* 'travelling swiftly, winged (?); urgent'
***li(n)k-zi*** 'to swear, to take an oath, to state under oath'
**Derivatives:**+ ***lingai- / linki-*,** ***lengai- / lenki-*** (c.) 'oath; perjury' (Sum. NAM.ERÍM, Akk. *MĀMĪTU*, *NĪŠ*)
+ ***linganu-zi*,** ***lenganu-zi*** 'to make swear'

***lip(p)-zi*,** ***lipae-zi*** 'to lick (up)'
**Derivative:**+ ***lel(l)ipa-i*** 'to lick (up)'

***lišš-*** → *lešš-zi / lišš-* 'to pick, to gather'
***līšae-zi*** '? (to clear out (?))'
***lišši-*** → *leš(š)i-*, *lišši-* 'liver'
***-lit*** (1sg. imp. act. ending) → *-llu*, *-lit*
***-llu*,** ***-lit*** (1sg. imp. act. ending)
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***-llu*** (1sg. imp. act. ending)

**(GIŠ)*lūēššar / lūēšn-*** (n.) 'shaving of incense-wood'
***lūḫa-*** (c.) '?'
div>**(GIŠ)*luyēššar*** → (GIŠ)*lūēššar / lūēšn-* 'shaving of incense-wood'

***lukk-tta*** 'to get light, to light up, to dawn'
**Derivatives:**+ ***lukk(iye/a)-zi*** 'to set fire to'
+ ***lukke/iš-zi*** 'to become light'
+ ***lukkanu-zi*** 'to make it light (?)'
+ → *lalukkiye/a-zi* (an improbable verbal form of *lalukkē-zi*) 'to be or become luminous'
+ → *laluk(k)e/išš-zi* 'to light up, to become luminous'
+ → *lukkatt-* 'dawn, next morning'

***lukkatt-*** (c.) 'dawn, next morning'
***lūli-*** (c.) 'pond, lake, spring, well, basin' (Sum. TÚL)
**Derivative:**+ → *lūliyašḫa-* 'marsh, marshland'

***lūliyašḫa-*** (c.) 'marsh, marshland'
***lūri-*** (c. > n.) 'loss of honour, disgrace, humiliation; financial loss; shortage (?)' (Sum. I.BÍ.ZA)
**Derivatives:**+ ***lūriyatar*** (n.) 'disgrace, humiliation'
+ ***lūriyaḫḫ-i*** 'to humiliate, to disgrace'

***-llut*** (1sg. imp. act. ending) → *-llu*
**(GIŠ)*luttāi / lutti-*** (n. > c.) 'window' (Sum. GIŠAB, Akk. *APTU*)
**Derivative:**+ → GIŠ*kattaluzzi-* 'threshold'

***luwarešša-*** (n.?) a topographic feature
**(GIŠ)*luwēššar*** → (GIŠ)*lūēššar / lūēšn-* 'shaving of incense-wood'
***luzzi-*** (n.) 'forced service, public duty, corvée'
M

***⸗(m)a*** (enclitic clause conjunctive particle) 'and, but'
**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***⸗ma*** 'but (?)'
+ Lyd. ***⸗m(-)*** (encl. part.) '?'
+ Lyc. ***me*** (sentence initial part.)

***⸗ma-*** → *⸗mi- / ⸗ma- / ⸗me-* (encl. poss. pron. 1sg.) 'my'
***ma-zi*** 'to disappear (?)'
***māḫḫan*** (postpos., conj.) 'like (postpos.); as, just as (conj.); how (in indirect statement or question); when, as soon as' (Sum. GIM*-an*)
***māḫḫanda*** (subord. conj.) 'just as'
**(GIŠ)*māḫla-*** (c.) 'branch of a grapevine'
**Anat. cognate:**+ Lyd. **μῶλαξ** 'a type of wine'

**UZU*maḫrai- / muḫrai-*** (c.) a body parts of animals
***mai-i / mi-*** 'to grow (up); to thrive, to prosper; (midd.) to be born'
**Derivatives:**+ ***miēšš-zi*** 'to grow; to be born'
+ ***miyātar / miyann-*** (n.) 'growth, increase, proliferation, abundance'
+ ***miyantila-*** (adj.) 'fruitful'
+ ***miyanu-zi*** 'to make (branches) fruit-bearing'
+ → (LÚ)*mayant-* 'young, adult man, (adj.) adult, powerful'
+ → (LÚ)*mayananna-* (derivative of (LÚ)*mayant-*) 'young man (?)'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***mašḫāḫit-*** (n.) 'growth, prosperity'
+ HLuw. ***mashani-*** 'to make grow'
+ Lyc. (?) ***miñt(i)-*** 'assembly (of adult men)'

**(LÚ)*mayant-*** (c.) 'young, adult man, (adj.) adult, powerful' (Sum. LÚGURUŠ)
**Derivatives:**+ ***mayantaḫḫ-i*** 'to rejuvenate, to install youthful vigor'
+ **(LÚ)*mayantatar / mayandann-*** (n.) 'young adulthood, youth, youthful vigor'
+ ***mayantili*** (adv.) '?'
+ ***mayantēšš-zi*** 'to become a young man, to become young again'
+ **LÚ*mayananna-*** (c.) 'young man (?)'

**Anat. cognate:**+ Pal. **LÚ*mayant-*** (c.) 'grown-up man'

***maišt-*** (c.) 'glow'
**(SÍG)*maišta-*** (c.) 'fiber, flock or strand of wool (?)'
***makkēšš-zi*** 'to become numerous'
**Derivative:**+ → *mekk-*, *mekki- / mekkai-* 'much, many, numerous'

***makita-*** (gender unknown) '?'
**É*māk(kiz)zi(ya)-*** (gender unknown) a building in which the king and queen wash and dress themselves
***maklant-*** (adj.) 'thin, slim (of animals)'
**Derivative:**+ ***maklātar / maklann-*** (n.) 'emaciation'

***maknu-zi*** 'to make abundant, to increase, to multiply'
***makkuya-*** (gender unknown) 'churn'
**É*mākzi(ya)-*** → É*māk(kiz)zi(ya)-* a building in which the king and queen wash and dress themselves
***māl*** (n.) 'mental power (?)'
**Derivative:**+ ***mālant-*** (adj.) 'having *māl-*'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***māl-*** 'thought, idea'
- ***mal(a)i-*** 'to think, to suppose'

***mall-*** → *malla-i / mall-* 'to mill, to grind'
***mā̆la-i / mā̆l-*,** ***mā̆lae-zi*,** ***malai-i / mali-*** (?) 'to approve, to approve of'
**Derivative:**+ ***(:) maliyašḫa-*** (c.) 'approval'

***malla-i / mall-*** 'to mill, to grind'
**Derivative:**+ → *mēmall-* 'coarsely ground meal'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***mal(ḫ)u-*** 'to break'
- ***mammal(ḫ)u-*** 'to crush, to break'

***malae-zi*** → *mā̆la-i / mā̆l-*, *mā̆lae-zi*, *malai-i / mali-* (?) 'to approve, to approve of'
***malekk(u)-zi*** verb expressing a negative consequence of illness
***malliye/a-zi*** → *malla-i / mall-* 'to mill, to grind'
***malikk(u)-zi*** → *malekk(u)-zi* verb expressing a negative consequence of illness
***mališku-*,** ***milišku-*** (adj.) 'weak; light, unimportant'
**Derivatives:**+ ***maleškuēšš-zi*** 'to become weak'
+ ***mališkunu-zi*** 'to make weak'

***malitt-*** → *militt- / mallit-* 'honey'
***mālk-i / malk-*** 'to spin'
* ***āppa parza mālk-i / malk-*** 'to unravel'

**Derivative:**+ ***malkeššar (n.) 'spun wool (?)'***

***māld-i / mald-*** 'to recite, to make a vow' (Akk. *KARĀBU*)
**Derivatives:**+ ***mammalt-*** 'to recite'
+ ***malteššar / maltešn-*** (n.) 'recitation, vow, votive offer, ritual' (Akk. *IKRIBU*)
+ ***malteš(ša)nala-*** (c.) 'recipient of *malteššar*'
+ ***melteššar / meltešn-*** (n.) 'votive offering'
+ ***maltalli-*** (adj.) 'obliged to make a *malteššar* (?)'

***: mamanna-*** 'to look at'
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***mammanna-*** 'to look at > to regard with favour'

***man*,** ***⸗man*** (particle of optative, irrealis and potentialis)
**Derivative:**+ → *manka* 'in some way, in any way'

***mān*** (conj. and postpos.) '(postpos.) like; (conj.) just as, as; how; if, whether; when, whenever, while' (Sum. GIM*-an*, BE*-an*)
**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***mān*** (conjunction) 'when'
+ CLuw. ***mān*** 'if, whenever; whether … or'
+ HLuw. ***man … man*** 'whether … or'
+ Lyc. ***mẽ*** 'as; so, likewise'

***(:) manā-*** 'to see'
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***manā-*** 'to see'

***mānḫanda*** → *māḫḫanda* 'just as'
***maniyaḫḫ-i*** 'to distribute; to entrust (with dat.); to hand over; to show; to govern'
**Derivatives:**+ ***maniyaḫḫa-*** (c.) 'confidant (?)'
+ ***maniyaḫḫai-*** (c.) 'administrative district; government'
+ ***maniyaḫḫae-zi*** 'to be in charge of, to administer, to govern'
+ **LÚ*maniyaḫḫatalla-*** (c.) 'administrator, deputy, governor'
+ ***maniyaḫḫatar / maniyaḫḫann-*** (n.) 'administration'
+ ***maniyaḫḫeššar*** (n.) 'allotment (?), consignment (?)'
+ ***maniyaḫḫiškattalla-*** 'administrator, deputy' (= *maniyaḫḫatalla-*)

***maninku(wa)-*** (adj.) 'near'
**Derivatives:**+ ***man(n)i(n)kuwaḫḫ-i*** 'to draw near, to come/go near, to approach; to shorten'
- ***manninkuwaḫḫi*** (adv.) 'nearby, in the vincinity'

+ ***man(n)i(n)kuwā̆n*** (adv.) 'near (of place), nearby; near (of time)' (Akk. *QERUB*)
+ ***man(n)i(n)kuwant-*** (adj.) 'short, low; close'
+ ***manikuwandaḫḫ-i*** 'to make short'
+ ***maninkuwantatar*** (n.) 'shortness'
+ ***maninkuwanu-zi*** 'to bring near (?)'
+ ***maninkuēšš-zi*** 'to be short'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***mannakuna/i-*** (adj.) 'short'

***manka*** (adv.) 'in some way, in any way'
***mant-*** (c.) something harming
**Anat. cognates:**+ Lyd. ***mẽtli-***, something negative
+ Lyc. ***mẽte-*** 'harm (or sim.)'

***mantalli-*** (adj.) 'venomous (?), poisonous (?), rancorous (?)'
**Anat. cognate:**+ Lyd. ***mẽtli-***, something negative

***:*** **SISKUR*mantalli-*,** ***:*** **SISKUR*maltalli-*** (c./n.) a ritual pertaining to rancor(ous words)
**Derivative:**+ **(SISKUR)*mantallaššammi-*** (adj.) 'designated for *mantalli*-rituals'

***mar-*** → *mer-zi / mar-* 'to disappear, to vanish'
***marra-*** or ***marri-*** (gender unknown) '(sun)light' (Akk. *ṢETU*)
**(TU7)*marḫā-*** a kind of stew
***marḫanuwamma-*** (adj.) 'brewed (?)'
**(GIŠ)*māri(t)-*** (c.) 'spear (?)'
**Derivative:**+ **NINDA*māri-*** 'bread in the form of a stick'

***marri*** (adv.) 'within a glimpse (?)'
**Derivative:**+ ***mekki marri*** (adv.) 'exceedingly, very much'

***marri-*** → *marra-* or *marri-* '(sun)light'
**(GIŠ)*mariyawanna-*** (n.) 'railing (?)'
***marriye/a-tta(ri)*,** ***marra-tta(ri)*** 'to melt (down), to dissolve, to stew or cook until tender; to heat up (?), to bring to a boil (?)'
***mārk-i / mark-*** 'to divide, to separate, to unravel; to distribute; to cut up, to butcher (animals)'
***markiye/a-zi*** '(act. with *⸗z*) to disapprove of, to object to, to reject, to refuse; to forbid; (midd.) to be rejected, to be unacceptable'
***markištae-zi*** 'to take someone by surprise (?)'
**Derivative:**+ ***markištaḫḫ-i*** 'to take someone by surprise (?)'

**d*Markuwaya-*** '(plur.) deities in the depth of the earth'
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. **d*Marwai-*** (c.) 'dark deities'

***marlant-*** (adj.) 'dumb, foolish, idiot' (Sum. (LÚ)LIL)
**Derivatives:**+ ***marlaḫḫ-i*** 'to make foolish (?)'
+ ***marlae-zi*** 'to become crazed, mad'
+ ***marlātar*** (n.) 'foolishness, idiocy, stupidity'
+ ***marlēšš-zi*** 'to become foolish (?)'

***marnuwa-*** → *marnuwant-* a kind of beer
***marnuwant-*** (n. > c.) a kind of beer
***maršant-*** (adj.) 'deceitful, dishonest; unholy, unfit for sacred use'
**Derivatives:**+ ***maršaḫḫ-i*** 'to desecrate; to make treacherous'
+ ***maršanu-zi*** 'to desecrate, to profane; to falsify'
+ ***maršātar*** (n.) 'fraud, treachery, deception'
+ ***maršē-zi*** 'to be/become corrupt'
+ ***maršēšš-zi*** 'to become desecrated, to become profane, to become unhloy; to become corrupt, to become deceitful'
+ ***maršaštarra/i-*,** ***marzaštarra-*** (c.) 'desecration, profanement'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***marša-*** 'treachery'
- ***maršaza-*** '?'

+ Mil. ***mrssχ-*** '?'

***marwāi-*** (Luw. verb) 'to blacken (?)'
**Derivative:**+ **(NA4)*mar(r)uwašḫa-***, a mineral imported from Cyprus

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***marruwa-*** 'to blacken'
- ***marwai-*** (adj.) 'black, dark-coloured (?)'
- ***marušam(m)a/i-*** (part.) 'black, dark blue (?)'
- ***marwatar (?)*** 'blackness (?)'

+ HLuw. **DEUS*marwawana/i-*** (adj.) '?'

***marzae-zi*** 'to crumble (?)'
***māša-*** (c.) 'locust, swarm of locusts' (Sum. BURU5)
**\**mašḫuil(a)-*** 'mouse' (Sum. PÍŠ.TUR)
* **m*Mašḫuiluwa-*** personal name (Sum. mPÍŠ(.TUR)*-wa-*)

***maši-*** (interrog. and indef. rel. pronoun) 'how many, however many, however much'
**Derivatives:**+ ***mašiyan*** (adv.) 'as much as'
+ ***mašiyanki*** (adv.) 'however many times'
+ ***mašiyant-*** (adj.) 'however many times'
+ ***mašiwant-*** (adj.) 'equal in size or amount, as much/little as, as big/small as'
+ ***mašiwan*** (adv.) 'as much as, as many as, how many (times)'

**Anat. cognate:**+ Pal. ***maš*** (adv.) 'as much as'

**TÚG*maššiya-*** (c.) a garment
**Derivative:**+ ***maššayašši-*** (adj. describing garments)

***mau-i / mu-*,** ***maušš-zi*** 'to fall'
**Derivatives:**+ ***mumiye/a-zi*** 'to keep falling, to crumble (?)'
- ***mumiyatar*** (verb. noun) 'collapse, fall'

***maušš-zi*** → *mau-i / mu-*, *maušš-zi* 'to fall'
***maz-i*** 'to withstand, to resist, to offer resistance; to dare to (with inf.)'
**É*mazki(ya)-*** → É*māk(kiz)zi(ya)-* a building in which the king and queen wash and dress themselves
***⸗me-*** → *⸗mi- / ⸗ma- / ⸗me-* (encl. poss. pron. 1sg.) 'my'
***mēḫur / mēḫun-*** (n.) 'period, time'
**Derivative:**+ ***mēḫur*** (adv.) 'at/in the time'

***meḫuwant-*** (adj.) 'old, elderly', (c.) 'old man or woman, ederly person', (pl.) 'elders (a body with political-military, judicial and religious functions)' (Sum. LÚŠU.GI)
**Derivatives:**+ ***meḫuwandaḫḫ-i*,** ***miyaḫuwantaḫḫ-i*** 'to make old, to age; (midd.) to become old, to grow old'
+ ***mi(ya)ḫuntatar / miyaḫuwandann-*** (n.) 'old age'
+ ***miyaḫuntē-zi*** 'to become old'
+ **(LÚ)*miyaḫuntēšš-zi*** 'to become an old man'

***mē(y)an-*** (c.) 'range (of a year), extent'
***meyannašašši*** '?'
* **MUŠENḪI.A *meyannašašši*** '*meyannašašši*-birds'

***me(y)u- / meyaw-*** (adj.) 'four'
**Derivative:**+ ***miuwaniyant-*,** ***mūwaniyant-*** (adj.) ‘running in teams of fours(?)'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***māuwa-*** 'four'
- ***mawalla/i-*** (adj.(?)) 'four-span (?)'
- ***māuwallašša/i-*** (adj.) 'of a four-span'
- ***māuwani(ya)-*** 'to hitch as a four-span'

+ HLuw. **\**miwa-*?** (adj.) 'four'
+ Lyc. ***mupm̃m-*** 'fourfold (?)'

***mekk-*,** ***mekki- / mekkai-*** (adj.) 'much, many, numerous'
**Derivatives:**+ ***mekkayaz*** (adv.) 'on many occasions, often'
+ ***mekki*** (adv.) 'greatly, much, in large numbers, very'
+ → *makkēšš-zi* 'to become numerous'
+ → *maknu-zi* 'to make abundant, to increase, to multiply'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***maya-*** (adj.) 'much, many (?)'

***melteššar / meltešn-*** (n., derivative of *māld-i / mald-*) 'votive offering'
***memma-i / memm-*** → *mimma-i / mimm-* 'to refuse, to reject'
***mēma-i / mēmi-*** 'to speak, to recite, to tell' (Sum. DU11)
**Derivative:**+ ***mem(iy)anu-zi*** 'to have (someone) say, to recite, to make (someone) talk'

***mēmall-*** (n.) 'coarsely ground meal'
***memiyan-*** (c.) 'word(s), speech, talk, message; deed; matter, subject' (Sum. INIM, Akk. *AWĀTU*)
***mēna-*** → *mēni-*, *mēna-* 'face, cheek'
***mēnaḫḫanda*** (adv. or postpos.) 'against, before, facing, opposite, in regard to'
**LÚ*meneya-*** (c.) a cult functionary using a bow and arrows ('hunter (?)')
***mēni-*** (n.)**,** ***mēna-*** (n. > c.) 'face, cheek'
**Derivative:**+ → *mēnaḫḫanda* 'against, before, facing, opposite, in regard to'

***mer-zi / mar-*** 'to disappear, to vanish'
**Derivatives:**+ ***marnuwala-*** (adj.) 'invisible (?)'
+ ***marnu-zi*,** ***mernu-zi*** 'to cause to disappear, to dissolve'

* **Anat. cognate:**
	+ HLuw. ***marnuwa- (?)*** 'to make disappear'

***-mi*** (1sg. pres. act. ending of the *mi*-inflection)
***⸗mi- / ⸗ma- / ⸗me-*** (encl. poss. pron. 1sg.) 'my'
***miyaḫu(wa)nt-*** → *meḫuwant-* 'old, elderly', (c.) 'old man or woman, ederly person', (pl.) 'elders (a body with political-military, judicial and religious functions)'
***mienu-zi*** '?'
**Derivative:**+ ***mienu-*** (adj.) '?'

***miḫu(wa)nt-*** → *meḫuwant-* 'old, elderly', (c.) 'old man or woman, ederly person', (pl.) 'elders (a body with political-military, judicial and religious functions)'
***milišku-*** → *mališku-*, *milišku-* 'weak; light, unimportant'
***militt- / malitt-*** (n.) 'honey' (Sum. LÀL)
**Derivatives:**+ ***milit(t)ēšš-zi*** 'to be sweet, to become sweet'
+ ***miliddu- / maliddu-*** (adj. / n.) 'sweet, pleasant; sweetness'

**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***malitanna-*** (adj.) 'having honey'
+ CLuw.
- ***mallit-*** (n.) 'honey'
- ***mallitalla/i-*** 'honey-jar (?)'
- ***mallitiwalla/i-*** 'honey-coated (or sim.)'
- ***malliti(ya)-*** (adj.) 'honeyed'

+ HLuw. ***malidima/i-*** (adj.) 'honey-sweet'

***mimma-i / mimm-*** 'to refuse, to reject'
***mirmirra-*** (c.) 'mud-water, mire'
***mišriwant-*** (adj.) 'perfect, complete, full' or 'bright, splendid'
**Derivatives:**+ ***mišriwaḫḫ-i*** 'to make *mišriwant-*'
+ ***mišriwanda*** (adv.) 'splendidly (?)'
+ ***mišriwātar*** (n.) 'wholeness, brightness'
+ ***mišriwēšš-zi*** 'to become full, to become bright (said of the moon)'

***mit(t)a-*,** ***miti-*** (adj.) 'red'; (c.) 'red wool' (Sum. SA5)
**Derivatives:**+ **(SÍG)*mītae-zi*** 'to tie with red wool (?)'
+ ***mīdanima-*** '?'

***miti-*** → *mit(t)a-*, *miti-* 'red; red wool'
***mīu- / mīyaw-*** (adj.) 'soft, smooth, mild, gentle, pleasant, agreeable'
**Derivatives:**+ ***mīēšš-zi*** 'to be mild, to be gentle, to be pleasant; to become gentle, to become kind'
+ ***mīēššar / mīēšn-*** (n.) 'gentleness (?), prosperity (?)'
+ ***mīumar*** (n.) 'gentleness, mildness, kindness'
+ ***mīnu-zi*** 'to make mild, to make pleasant, to heal'
+ ***mīnumar*** (n.) 'flattery, gentleness, kindness'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***mīu- / mīyaw-*** (adj.) 'smooth'

**NINDA*mīumīu(t)-*** (n.) a kind of bread, "soft bread"
***mu-*** → *mau-i / mu-*, *maušš-zi* 'to fall'
***⸗mu*** (encl. pers. pron. acc.-dat. 1sg.) '(to) me'
**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***⸗mu*** 'for / to me'
+ CLuw.
- ***⸗mu*** 'for / to me'
- ***⸗mi*** 'for / to me (?)'

+ HLuw. ***⸗mu*** 'for / to me'

**UZU*muḫ(ḫa)rai-*** → UZU*maḫrai- / muḫrai-* a body parts of animals
**(GIŠ)*mūil(a)-*** (n. > c.) an agricultural implement, 'spade (?)' (Sum. GIŠMAR (?))
***mūgae-zi*** 'to invoke, to evoke, to entreat'
**Derivatives:**+ ***mugāwar*** (n.) 'materials of an invocation / evocation ritual'
+ ***mūkēššar / mūkēšn-*** (n.) 'invocation, evocation; materials used in an invocation / evocation ritual; (object in a lot oracle)'

**GIŠ*mūkar / mukn-*** (n.) implement used as a noise maker, 'rattle (?)'
***mum(m)uwai-*** '?'
***munnae-zi*** 'to hide, to conceal'
**Derivative:**+ ***munnanda*** (adv.) 'hidden, concealed'

***mušgalla-*** (c.) 'caterpillar (?)' (Akk. *NAPPILU*)
***mūtae-zi*** '(without *⸗z*) to root, to dig in (the ground); (without *⸗z*) to remove (evils); (with *⸗z*) to neglect'
***mūtamuti-*** (c. (?)) an animal, 'pig (?)'
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***mutamuti-*** '?'
- ***mūdamūdalit-*** '?'

***mūdan-*** (n.) 'pig-food'
***mūwa-*** (c.) an awe-inspiring quality (Sum. A.A)
**Derivatives:**+ ***mūwanu-*** (adj.), epithet of Storm-god
+ ***mūwat(t)alla/i-*** (adj.) 'awe-inspiring (?)' (Sum. NIR.GÁL)
+ ***muwat(t)allaḫit-*** (n.) 'the king’s or Storm-god’s ability to inspire awe (?)'
+ ***muwatallatar*** (n.) 'ability to inspire awe (?)'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***mūwa-*** 'to overpower (vel sim.)'
- ***mūwattalla/i-*** (adj.) 'overpowering, mighty'
- ***muwattallaḫit-*** (n.) 'ability to inspire'
- ***mu(wa)tti(ya)-*** (adj.) 'having overpowering might (?)'

+ HLuw.
- ***muwa-*** 'to dominate (?), to atack (?)'
- **\*462*muwita-*** (c.) 'seed (?)'
- ***nimuwinza-*** (c.) 'child'

+ Lyc. ***muwẽte-*** 'descendence (?)'

**Personal names:**+ Hitt. **m*Muwatalli-*** personal name
+ Lyc. ***Mutli*** personal name

N

***-n*** (acc. sg. c. ending)
***nāḫ-i / naḫḫ-*** 'to fear, to be(come) afraid, to be respectful, to be careful' (Sum. ḪUŠ)
**Derivatives:**+ ***naḫšaratt-*** (c.) 'fear, fright; respect, reverence, awe; frighfulness'
+ ***naḫšariye/a-zi*** 'to be(come) afraid; to show respect (for a deity)'
+ ***naḫšariyawant-*** (adj.) 'afraid'
+ ***naḫšarnu-zi*** 'to make (someone) afraid, to cause (someone) to show respect'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***naḫḫuwa-*** 'there is a concern (to someone (dat.) about something/someone (dat.-loc. + *šer*))'
- ***naḫḫuwašša/i-*** 'fearful' or 'fearsome'

***naḫḫaši-*** → *naḫši-*, *naḫzi-* a measurement of capacity or weight
***naḫši-*,** ***naḫzi-*** (c.) a measurement of capacity or weight, = 2 *tarna-*
***naḫzi-*** → *naḫši-*, *naḫzi-* a measurement of capacity or weight
***nai-i*** → *nē-a(ri)*, *nai-i* / \**ni-* 'to turn, to turn someone, to turn oneself, to send'
***nakkī-*** (adj.) 'important, valuable; difficult, inaccesible; powerful' (Sum. DUGUD)
**Derivatives:**+ ***nakki-***(n.) 'honour (?), importance (?), power (?), force (?)'
+ ***nakkiyaḫḫ-i*** 'to be(come) a concern to someone, to be difficult for someone; (part.) honoured, revered'
+ ***nakkiyatar / nakkiyann-*** (n.) 'dignity, importance; esteem; power; difficulty' (Sum. DUGUD*-atar*)
+ ***nakkē-zi*** 'to be honoured, to be important; to be difficult, to be an obstacle'
+ ***nakkēšš-zi*** 'to become important; to become troublesome to'

***nakku-*** (c.) a remover of evils, a substitute
**Derivatives:**+ ***:*** **UDU*nakkušša/i-*** (c.) ‘scapegoat, carrier (to remove evils)
+ ***nakkuššaḫit-*** (n.) 'status of a carrier or scapegoat'
+ ***nakkušatar / nakkušann-*** (n.) 'status of a scapegoat or carrier'
+ ***nakkuššiye/a-zi*** 'to be a scapegoat'
+ ***nakkuššēšš-zi*** 'to be(come) a scapegoat'

***nakkuš*** (n.) 'loss (?), damage (?), fault (?)'
***namma*** (adv.) 'then, next, after that, henceforth; once more, again; in addition, furthermore'
***nana(n)kušš(iye/a)-zi*** 'to be(come) dark, obscure, gloomy'
**Derivative:**+ ***nanankuššiya-*** (adj.) 'dark, obscure'

***⸗nnaš*** (encl. pers. pron. 1pl.) '(to) us, our'
**Derivative:**+ → *wēš / anz-* 'we, us'

**Anat. cognate:**+ HLuw. ***⸗nz*** 'us'

***našma*** (conj.) 'either, or'
***naššu*** (conj.) 'or'
**(GI)*nāta/i-*** (c.) 'reed, arrow, drinking straw' (Sum. (GIŠ)GI)
**Derivatives:**+ ***natānt-*** (adj.) 'provided with a drinking straw'
+ ***: naduwant-*** (adj.) 'having reeds, reedy'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***nātatta-*** 'reed'

***natta*** (negation) 'not' (Sum. NU, Akk. *Ú-UL*, *UL*)
**Derivative:**+ → *nāwi* 'not yet'

**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal.
- ***nī*** 'not'
- ***nit*** 'not'

+ CLuw.
- ***nāwa*** 'not'
- ***nīš*** (prohibitive) 'not'

+ HLuw.
- ***na*** 'not'
- ***nis*** (prohibitive) 'not'

+ Lyd.
- ***ni-*** (prefix) 'not'
- ***nid*** 'not'
- ***nik*** 'and not'
- ***nikumẽk*** 'never'

+ Lyc.
- ***ne*** 'not'
- ***nepe*** 'not'
- ***nipe*** 'not'
- ***ni*** (prohibitive) 'not'

***nāwartanna/i*** (adv.) 'for nine turns'
***nāwi*** (adv.) 'not yet'
***nē-a(ri)*,** ***nai-i* /** **\**ni-*** 'to turn, to turn someone, to turn oneself, to send'
**Derivatives:**+ ***nanna-i / nanni-*** 'to drive, to ride in an animal-drawn vehicle; to draw/drive back'
+ ***nenna-i / nenni-*** 'to drive (animals)'
+ → GIŠ*niniyal(la)-* 'cradle'
+ → *penna-i / penni-* 'to drive (there); to accept (?), to acknowledge (?)'
+ → *ūnna-i / ūnni-* 'to send (here), to drive (here)'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***nana-*** 'to lead (?)'
+ HLuw. ***niasha-* (?)** 'procession'

***nēy(a)-*** → *nē-a(ri)*, *nai-i* / \**ni-* 'to turn, to turn someone, to turn oneself, to send'
***neka-*** (c.) 'sister' (Sum. NIN, Akk. *AḪĀTU*)
**Derivatives:**+ **NIN*-tar*** 'sisterhood'
+ → (MUNUS)*annaneka-* 'sister by the same mother'
+ → *nekna-* 'brother'

***nekna-*** (c.) 'brother' (Sum. ŠEŠ, Akk. *AḪU*)
**Derivatives:**+ **\**neknatar / neknann-*** 'brotherhood'
+ **\**neknaḫḫ-i*** 'to make someone a brother, to regard someone as a brother'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***nāni(ya)-*** (adj.) 'of a brother'
- ***nānaḫit-*** 'brotherhood'
- ***nānašriya-*** (adj.) 'of a sister'

+ HLuw. ***nanasri-*** (c.) 'sister'
+ Lyc. ***nẽne/i-*** 'brother'

***nekku*** (negative adv.) 'not (?)'
***neku-zi*** 'to become evening'
**Derivatives:**+ ***nekuz meḫur*** (adv.) 'at night, in the evening'
+ → *nana(n)kušš(iye/a)-zi* 'to be(come) dark, obscure, gloomy'

***nekumant-*** (adj.) 'naked'
**Derivatives:**+ ***nekumantae-zi*** 'to undress oneself'
+ ***nekumandariye/a-zi*** 'to undress, to strip (someone)'
+ ***nekmuntatar*** (n.) 'destitution < \*nakedness'

***nēpiš-*** (n. (> c.)) 'sky, heaven' (Sum. AN, Akk. *ŠAMŪ*)
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***tappaš-*** (n.) 'heaven'
+ HLuw. ***tipas-*** (n.) 'heaven'

**LÚ*nešumen- / nešumn-*** (c.) 'man from the town of Nēša (Kaniš), Nešite'
**Derivatives:**+ ***nešumnili*** (adv.) 'in the language of the Nešites (= Hittites)'
+ ***kanišumnili*** (adv.) 'in the languages of the Kanišites (= Hittites)'
+ **URU*nišili*** (adv.) 'in Nešite'
+ ***nāšili*** (adv.) 'in Nešite'

***nēwa-*** (adj.) 'new, fresh' (Sum. GIBIL)
**Derivative:**+ ***nēwaḫḫ-i*** 'to renew, to restore, to make new (again)'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***nāwa/i-*** (adj.) 'new'

***ni(ya)-*** → *nē-a(ri)*, *nai-i* / \**ni-* 'to turn, to turn someone, to turn oneself, to send'
***nik-zi*** → *ni(n)k-* 'to quench one’s thirst, to drink one’s fill; to get drunk'
**GIŠ*niniyal-*** (n.) 'cradle'
**NINDA*niniyami-*** (c.) a bread or pastry
***nini(n)k-zi*** 'to mobilize, to set (people) in motion; to move, to transfer; to set in motion; (midd. and intr. act.) to behave in a disorderly manner; to disturb, to agitate'
**Derivative:**+ ***nininkeššar*** (n.) 'mobilization (?), movement (?), uprising (?)'

***ni(n)k-zi*** 'to quench one’s thirst, to drink one’s fill; to get drunk'
**Derivatives:**+ **d*ninga-*** (c.) 'drenching, cloudburst' (Sum. dŠUR)
+ ***ninganu-zi*** 'to make (the ground etc.) drink to satisfaction, to drench; to make someone drunk'

***nu*** (clause conjunctive particle) 'and, but'
**Derivatives:**+ → *kinun* 'now'
+ → *nēwa-* 'new, fresh'
+ → *nuwa* 'still, yet'

**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal.
- ***nu*** (clause conjunctive particle)
- ***nū*** 'now'

+ CLuw. ***nānun*** 'now'
+ HLuw.
- ***awa-*** (clause conjunctive particle)
- ***unu(n)*** 'now (?)'

***-nu-zi*** (causative suffix)
***nū-*** → *nū(t)-* 'contentment (?), satisfaction (?)'
***nukku*** (adv.) 'and now'
***nūman*,** ***nūwan*** (negative particle of optative, irrealis or potentialis) 'not want to'
***-(n)un*** (1sg. pret. act. ending of the *mi*-inflection)
***nuntar-*** 'haste, swiftness'
**Derivatives:**+ ***nuntaraš*** (adv.) 'promptly, soon'
+ ***nuntariya-*,** ***nut(t)ariya-*** (adj.) 'swift'
+ ***nuntar(r)iye/a-zi*** 'to hasten, to be quick'
+ ***nu(n)tariyašḫa-*** 'haste, speed'
- **EZEN *nu(n)tariyašḫa-*** 'festival of haste'

+ ***nu(n)tarnu-zi*** 'to hurry, to hasten; to rush into something'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***nanuntarrit-*** (n.) 'the present'
- ***nanuntarri(ya)-*** (adj.) 'of the present'
- ***nānuntarriyal(i)-*** (adj.) 'present'

***nū(t)-*** (c.) 'contentment (?), satisfaction (?)'
***nūwa*** (adv.) 'still, yet'
***nūwan*** → *nūman*, *nūwan* 'not want to'
***nuwaššu*** (wrong copying of *naššu* 'or')
P

***⸗pa*** → *⸗(a)p(a)* (encl. locatival sentence particle)
***paḫḫaš-*** → *paḫš-a(ri)*, *paḫš-i* 'to protect, to guard, to defend; to observe (agreements), to keep (oaths), to obey (commands), to keep (a secret); (midd. with dat.) to seek protection with'
***paḫḫi-*** (c.) something harmful (?)
***paḫḫieškeuwar*** (n.) a hostile action
***paḫš-a(ri)*,** ***paḫš-i*** 'to protect, to guard, to defend; to observe (agreements), to keep (oaths), to obey (commands), to keep (a secret); (midd. with dat.) to seek protection with' (Sum. PAP)
**Derivative:**+ ***paḫšnu-zi*** 'to protect, to defend, to take care of, to be watchful'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***pa-*** 'to protect'

***paḫḫur / paḫḫuen-*** (n.) 'fire, campfire, embers; fever' (Sum. IZI, Akk. *IŠĀTI*)
**Derivatives:**+ **DUG/NA4*paḫḫunal(l)a/i-*,** **DUG*paḫḫuinali-*** (n.) a container for fire,
embers and other things
+ **LÚ*paḫḫurula-*** (c.) '(fire-)tender'
+ **GIŠ*paḫḫurul(a)-*** (c.) an implement for tending or banking a fire

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***pāḫūr*** (n.) 'fire (?)'
- ***pawari(ya)-*** 'to light a fire'

***pai-*** 'to go' → *payi-zi / pai-* 'to go, to pass, to go past, to go by (of time), to flow'
***pai-i / pi-*** 'to give, to pay, to grant, to hand over' (Sum. SUM, Akk. *NADĀNU*)
* ***piyant-*** (part. of *pai-i / pi-*) 'given'

**Derivatives:**+ ***piyanna-i / piyanni-*** 'to give (impf.)'
+ **\**piyatar / piyann-*** (n.) 'giving'
+ **NINDA*piyantalla/i-*** 'donated bread'
+ → *peppieššar* 'shipment, consignment'
+ → *uppa-i / uppi-* 'to send (here)'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***pai- / pi(ya)-*** 'to give'
- ***pipišša-*** 'to give'

+ HLuw.
- ***pia-*** 'to give'
- ***piaza*** 'gifts (?)'
- ***pipasa-*** 'to present'

+ Lyc.
- ***pije-*** 'to give'
- ***pibi(je)-*** 'to give'

***payi-zi / pai-*** 'to go, to pass, to go past, to go by (of time), to flow'
* ***pānt-*** (part. of *payi-zi / pai-*) 'having gone'

**Anat. cognate:**+ HLuw. ***pa-*** 'to go'

***paknu-zi*** 'to defame, to slander, to denounce'
***pakkušš-*** 'to pound, to crack, to crush, to grind'
**Derivatives:**+ ***pak(kuš)šuwant-*** (modifying) 'grain', 'cracked (?)'
+ **(GIŠ)*pakkuššuwar*** (n.) a wooden implement used to crack or crush cereals

***palāḫ-i / palaḫḫ-*** 'to call (?), to summon (?)'
**(TÚG)*palaḫša-*** (c.) a garment
**Derivative:**+ ***palaḫš(iye/a)-zi*,** ***palaḫšae-zi*** 'to cover'

***palḫ-*?** '?'
***palḫi- / palḫai-*** (adj.) 'wide, broad'
**Derivatives:**+ ***palḫanu-zi*** 'to broaden (?)'
+ ***palḫašti-*** (c.) 'width' (Sum. DAGAL)
+ ***palḫatar / palḫann-*** (n.) 'width'
+ **(DUG)*palḫa/i-*** (c./n.), a broad vessel
+ ***palḫēšš-zi*** 'to become wide or broad, to expand'
+ ***palḫeššar / palḫešn-*** 'width'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***palḫaya-* (?)** (adj.) 'wide, broad'
- ***palḫā-*** 'to make flat, to spread out'
- ***palḫamman-*** (adj.) 'lying flat, spreading out'
- ***palḫašḫa-*** 'breadth (?)'

***palkuiye/a-(tt)a(ri)*** '?'
***palkuš-*** '?'
***palša-*** (c.) 'road, path; campaign; journey; caravan; time (occassion)' (Sum. KASKAL)
**Derivatives:**+ **\**palšiaḫḫ-i*** 'to dispatch, to set on the road, to satisfy'
+ **\**palšiyala-*** (c.) 'guide (?)'

**Anat. cognates:**+ Lyc.
- ***tbiplẽ*** 'two times (?)'
- ***trpplẽ*** 'three times (?)'

**(UZU)*paltana-*** (c.) 'shoulder, shoulder blade' (Sum. (UZU)ZAG(.LU))
***palwae-zi*** 'to cry out, to shout for joy, to cheer'
**Derivative:**+ **(LÚ/MUNUS)*palwāt(t)alla-*** (c.) 'crier, a participant in festivals who cries out'

**(GIŠ)*palzaḫ(ḫ)a-*,** **(GIŠ)*palzašḫa-*** (c.) 'pedestal, a flat base for statues'
**Derivative:**+ ***palzaḫae-zi*** 'to stretch (a sheep, lamb, kid) out (on a flat surface)'

**Anat. cognate:**+ Lyd. ***bλaso* ?** 'socle'

***panku- / pangaw-*** (adj.) 'all, entire, complete; every; general'
**Derivatives:**+ ***panku- / pangaw-*** (c.) 'multitude, the people, the masses; assembly; advisory body of the king'
+ **NINDA*panku*** (n.), a kind of bread
+ ***pangariye/a-tta(ri)*** 'to become widespread, to become common, to become general'
+ ***pangarit*** (adv.) 'in large numbers, in force, en masse'
+ ***pankuēšš-zi*** 'to become plentiful (?)'

***pankur / pankun-*** (n.) animal body part ('udder (?)'); group of related animals or persons ('clan (?)')
**Derivative:**+ ***pankunašša-*** 'one belonging to the *pankur*'

***pantala-*** 'moment, point in time'
* ***apet pantalaz*** 'from that time onwards'
* ***ket pantalaz*** 'from now onwards'
* → *ketpantalaz* 'from this time on'

***panzawartanna*** (adv.) 'for five laps'
***pāp-*** 'to make loaves out of dough'
***pappa-*** (gender unclear) 'danger'
***pappan(n)ikna-*** (c.) 'brother sharing the same father, paternal brother' (Sum. *pa-ap-pa-*ŠEŠ)
**Anat. cognate:**+ Pal. ***pāpa-*** 'father'

***papparš-i*** 'to sprinkle'
**Derivative:**+ → *paršana-* 'leopard'

***: pappaš-*** (Luw. verb) 'to swallow'
**Derivative:**+ **(UZU)*pap(p)aššala/i-*** 'throat, esophagus (?)'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***papašāl-*** (n.) 'esophagus (?)'

***pappi-*** → *pappa-* 'danger'
***paprant-*** (adj.) 'impure, unclean; proven guilty by ordeal'
**Derivatives:**+ ***papraḫḫ-i*** 'to defile, to make impure'
+ ***paprātar / paprann-*** (n.) 'impurity, defilement, impropriety'
+ ***paprē-zi*** 'to be proven guilty by ordeal; to do something impure'
+ ***paprēšš-zi*,** ***paprašš-zi*** 'to be found guilty (by ordeal)'
+ ***paprēššar / paprešn-*** (n.) 'impurity, uncleanness'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***paratta-*** (n.) 'impurity (?)'
- ***parattašatta-*** (a bad quality)

**GIŠ*pāpu-*** (c.) a wooden implement used in a bakery
**GIŠ*pāpul-*** (gender unclear) a wooden implement for carrying or arranging loaves of freshly baked breads, 'bread tray (?)'
***parā*** (prev. with dat.-loc. or all., + *⸗kan*) 'out (to), forth, toward'; (prev. with dat.-loc. or all. without locatival particles) 'forward, further, along'; (postpos. with abl. or instr.) 'out of, from'; (adv.) 'furthermore, moreover, additionally, still; then, after that'
**Derivative:**+ → *para-i* / *par-* 'to appear, to emerge'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***parī*** 'forth, away'
+ HLuw. ***pari*** (adv.) 'forth, away'
+ Lyc. ***pri*** 'forth, in front'

***parā-*** (c.) 'air, breath (?)'
***para-i / par-*** 'to appear, to emerge'
**Anat. cognate:**+ Pal. ***parai-*** 'to appear (?)'

***paraḫḫ-*** → *parḫ-zi* 'to chase, to pursue, to hunt; to expel; to attack; to make gallop (horses); to hasten (intr.)'
***parai-i / pari-*** 'to blow (a horn); to blow on (a fire); to blow up, to inflate'
**Derivatives:**+ ***parip(p)ara-i / parip(p)ari-*** 'to blow (a horn); to be flatulent (midd.)'
+ ***papra-i / papri-*** 'to blow (an instrument)'

**Anat. cognate:**+ Pal. ***pariparai-*** 'to blow (?)'

**\**parā(-)nekna-*** (c.) 'half-brother (?), step-brother (?)'
***parā(-)šanu-*** 'provoke to rage (?)'
***parānta*** (postpos., adv., prev.) 'across (to), over (to)'
***pararaḫḫ-i*** 'to chase (?)'
***parašant-*** (adj.) modifies troops
***parāšēšš-zi*** 'to disperse (?)'
**NA4*parašḫa-*** (c.)**,** **NA4*parušḫa-*** (c.)**,** **NA4*parašḫi-*** (n.) a semiprecious stone
***parašdu-*** → (GIŠ)*paršdu-* 'leaf, foliage'
***paraštuḫḫa-*** → *parštuḫḫa-* an earthenware cup (?)
***parašza*** → *parza* '…-wards'
**(LÚ)*parāuwant-*** (c.) 'supervisor'
**Derivative:**+ **(LÚ)*parāuwatalla-*** 'lookout'

***parḫ-zi*** 'to chase, to pursue, to hunt; to expel; to attack; to make gallop (horses); to hasten (intr.)'
**Derivatives:**+ ***parḫanna-i / parḫanni-*** 'to chase (impf.)'
+ ***parḫanu-zi*** 'to make gallop'
+ ***parḫeššar / parḫešn-*** (n.) 'haste, urgency; forced march'
+ ***parḫuwar*** (n.) a token 'chasing across'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***par(a)-*** 'to drive, to chase'
- ***parḫ-*** 'to drive, to chase'

***parḫūwaya-*** (gender unclear) an animal, 'fish (?)'
***pariyan*** (postpos., prev., adv.) 'across, over, beyond; over to, across to; in opposition to; in front'
**Derivatives:**+ ***pariyanalla-*** (adj.) 'future'
+ ***par(r)ianta*** (adv.) 'beyond'
+ ***pariyawan*** (adv.) 'on the other side (?)'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***pariyan*** (adv., prepos.) 'beyond, exceedingly, especially (?)'
- ***pāriyanalla/i-*** (adj.) 'future'

+ HLuw. ***pari*** (adv.) 'forth, away'
+ Lyc. ***pri*** 'forth, in front'

***parkī*** (adj.) '?'
***parkiye/a-zi*,** ***park-tta(ri)*** 'to raise, to lift, to elevate, to grow (trans.); to rise, to go up, to grow (intr.); to take away, to remove'
**Derivatives:**+ ***parknu-zi*** 'to make high, to raise, to elevate'
+ ***parganul-*** (n.) 'elevation'
+ ***pargatar*** (n.) 'height'
+ ***pargašti-*** 'height'
+ ***parkēšš-zi*** 'to become high or tall'
+ ***parkēššar / parkešn-*** (n.) 'height'
+ ***parkiyanu-zi*** 'to raise, to make rise'
+ ***parku- / pargaw-*** (adj.) 'high, tall, lofty, elevated'
+ ***parkuwatar*** (n.) 'height'
+ ***parkuēšš-zi*** 'to become tall'
+ ***pargawēške/a-zi*** 'to become high or tall'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***parraya-*** (adj.) 'high'

***parkui- / parkuwai-*** (adj.) 'pure; clean, clear; free of; proven innocent'
**Derivatives:**+ ***parku(y)e/a-zi*** '(act.) to make clean, to clear (up); (midd.) to be(come) pure'
+ **É*parkuwa(ya)-***, a building
+ ***parkuwalli-*** (adj.) 'pure (?)'
+ ***parkuwantariye/a-zi*** 'to be(come) pure (?)'
+ ***parkuyātar / parkuyann-*** (n.) 'purification'
+ **(UZU)*parku(i) ḫaštāi*** (n.) a body part or cut of meat, 'pure-bone'
+ ***parkuemar*** (n.) 'purification (?)'
+ ***parkuē-zi*** 'to be pure, to be clear' or 'to be high'
+ ***parkuēšš-zi*** 'to be(come) pure, to be found innocent'
+ ***parkunu-zi*** 'to cleanse, to purify; to declare innocent, to justifiy; to castrate; to clarify'

**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***parkui-*** 'to purify'
+ CLuw.
- ***parkuwa(i)-*** 'to cleanse, to purify'
- ***papparkuwa-*** 'to cleanse, to purify'

***parn-*** → *per / parn* 'house, household'
**TÚG/GADA*parna-*** (c.) article of textile, a tapestry
***parnili*** (adv.) '?'
***parš-zi*** 'to flee, to escape'
**Derivative:**+ ***paršnu-zi*** 'to make flee, to chase away'

***paršaḫannaš*** → *parzaḫannaš*, *paršaḫannaš*, *perzaḫannaš*, *perešḫannaš*, *peršaḫḫannaš* modifying livestock
***paršēna-*** (c.) 'cheek; genitals'
***parši-a(ri)*,** ***parš-a(ri)*** 'to break'
**Derivatives:**+ ***paršiyanna-i / paršiyanni-*** 'to break (impf.)'
+ **NINDA*parša-*** (c.) 'a morsel or fragment; a kind of bread'
+ ***paršae-zi*** 'to break up into small pieces, to crumble'
+ ***paršnu-zi*** 'to break up; to break open (with *arḫa*)
+ ***paršeššar*** (n.) 'crack'
+ ***paršil(a)-*** (c.) 'a fragment (of bread (?))'
+ **(NINDA)*paršul-*,** **(NINDA)*parš(i)ulli-*** (n./c.) 'morsel, fragment, crumb; a type of bread'
+ ***paršul(l)ae-zi*** 'to break into pieces, to crumble'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***paršul-*** 'crumb, morsel'

***paršina-*** → *paršēna-* 'cheek; genitals'
***paršna-*** (gender unclear) a body part in the vicinity of the feet, 'heel (?)'
***paršna-*** (c.) 'leopard' (Sum. PÌRIG.TUR)
**Derivatives:**+ **LÚ*paršna-*** (c.) 'leopard-man' (Sum. LÚPÌRIG.TUR)
+ **\**paršanatar*** (n.), quality of a leopard
+ ***paršnili*** (adv.) 'in the manner of a leopard'

***paršnae-zi*** 'to squat (?), to crouch (?)'
**(GIŠ)*paršdu-*** (c. and n. (?)) 'leaf, foliage'
***parštuḫḫa-*** (c.) an earthenware cup (?) (Sum. (DUG)GAL.GIR4)
***paršur*** (n.) cooked dish (Sum. TU7)
**Derivatives:**+ ***paršūraš* EN** 'cooking chef'
+ ***paršūraš peda-*** 'cooking area'

***paršza*** → *parza* '…-wards'
**(UZU)*partāwar / partaun-*** (n.) 'wing, feather'
**Derivative:**+ → *partūni-* a bird

***partipartiške/a-zi*** '?'
***partūni-*** (c.) a bird
**NA4*parušḫa-*** → NA4*parašḫa-*, NA4*parušḫa-*, NA4*parašḫi-* a semiprecious stone
***parza*** (adv. indicating direction) '…-wards'
* ***āppa parza*** 'backwards, in reverse'
* ***kattan parza*** 'downwards'
* ***parā parza*** 'forwards (?)'

***parzaḫannaš*,** ***paršaḫannaš*,** ***perzaḫannaš*,** ***perešḫannaš*,** ***peršaḫḫannaš*** (gen.sg.) modifying livestock
**Derivative:**+ ***: parzaḫanašši-*** (adj.), defining cattle

***pāš-i / paš-*** 'to swallow, to gulp down'
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***pašš-*** 'to swallow'

**NINDA*paš(š)a-*** (c.) a type of bread
**LÚ*paš(š)andala-*** (c.) a servant in the palace kitchen, 'taster (?)'
***pašiḫae-zi*** 'to rub, to squeeze, to crush'
**(NA4)*paššila-*** (c.) 'stone, pebble; gem, precious stone'
**Derivative:**+ **NA4*paššilant-*** 'stone, pebble'

***pāšk-i / pašk-*** 'to stick in, to fasten, to plant; to set up; to impale'
***pašku-zi*** 'to reject, to ignore; to neglect; to remove'
**Anat. cognate:**+ HLuw. ***paskw-*** 'to neglect'

***paššu-*** (c.) elevated structure ('step, podium, pedestal or terrace')
**NA4*paššuela-*** (gender unclear) a stone object
***⸗pat*** (enclitic particle of specification, limitation and identity) 'the same, the aforementioned (anaphoric); likewise, as before; self; only, exclusively; in addition; rather; even; certainly'
***pāt- / pat-*,** ***pata-*** (c.) 'foot, leg' (Sum. GÌR, Akk. *ŠĒPU* (GÌR*-PÍ*))
**Derivatives:**+ ***: padumma-*** 'foot (?) (of a bed)'
+ **GIŠ*pātiyalli-*** 'leg, foot (of furniture)'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***pāta/i-*** 'foot'
+ HLuw. ***pada/i-*** (c.) 'foot'
+ Lyc. ***pede/i-*** 'foot'

***padda-i / padd-*** 'to dig (the ground); to bury (?)'
**Derivative:**+ ***patteššar / pattešn-*** (n.) 'excavation, pit, hole in the ground, breach (in wall)'

***pattai-i / patti-*** 'to run, to race; to flee; to fly'
**Derivatives:**+ **LÚ*patteyant-*** (c.) 'fugitive' (Akk. *MUNNABTUM*)
+ **(LÚ)*patteyantili*,** **(LÚ)*pattiyantili*** (adv.) 'in the manner of a fugitive'
+ ***pattiyali-*,** ***paddalli-*** (adj.) 'swift'
+ ***pattinu-zi*** 'to run off with, to elope with (a woman), to carry off quickly, to whisk (something) away'

**(TÚG)*patalla-*** (gender unclear) 'puttee (?), leg wrapping (?)'
**Derivative:**+ ***patalliye/a-zi*** 'to tie feet, to fetter'

**(GIŠ)*patalḫa-*** (c.) 'sole of the foot; way of acting, behaviour; wooden fetter'
**Derivative:**+ ***patalḫae-zi*** 'to fetter (?)'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***patalḫa(i)-*** 'to fetter (?)'
- ***patalḫiyamman-*** 'fettering (?)'

**(UZU)*pattar / pattan-*** or **UZU*pettar / pettan-*** (n.) 'wing, feather' (Akk. *KAPPU*)
**Derivative:**+ ***pattarpalḫi-*** (c.) an oracle bird, lit. 'broad-winged'

**(GI, GIŠ)*pattar / pattan-*** (n.) 'basket (made of wicker or reed)'
**GIŠ*paddur / paddun-*** (n.) 'mortar (?)'
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. **\**battur / battun-*** (n.) 'mortar'

***pe(-)*** (prev.) 'away, thither'
* → *pe ḫar(k)-zi* 'to have, to hold, to keep possession of; to hold ready; to present, to bring'
* → *peḫute-zi / peḫut-* 'to lead, to bring, to conduct (there)'
* → *peye-zi / pey-* 'to send'
* → *penna-i / penni-* 'to drive away, to drive (there); to accept (?), to acknowledge (?)'
* → *peššiye/a-zi* 'to throw away, to cast, to shove; to abandon; to cast off; to ignore'
* → *peda-i / ped-* 'to take (somewhere), to carry, to transport; to spend (time)'
* → *payi-zi / pai-* 'to go (away), to pass, to go past, to go by (of time), to flow'

***pe ḫar(k)-zi*** 'to have, to hold, to keep possession of; to hold ready; to present, to bring'
***peḫute-zi / peḫut-*** 'to lead, to bring, to conduct (there)'
***peyanae-zi*** 'to reward (someone)'
**Derivative:**+ ***peyanazziye/a-(tt)a(ri)*** 'to be rewarded'

***peye-zi / pey-*** 'to send'
**Derivative:**+ ***pey(a)škattalla-*** (c.) 'deliverer'

***penna-i / penni-*** 'to drive away, to drive (there); to accept (?), to acknowledge (?)'
***penniye/a-zi*** → *penna-i / penni-* 'to drive away, to drive (there); to accept (?), to acknowledge (?)'
***peppieššar*** (n.) 'shipment, consignment'
***per / parn-*** (n.) 'house, household' (Sum. É)
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***parna-*** (n.) 'house'
+ HLuw.
- ***parna-*** 'house'
- ***parnawa-*** 'to serve a house'

+ Lyd. ***bira-*** 'house'
+ Lyc.
- ***prñnawa-*** 'mausoleum, (grave-)house'
- ***prñnawa-*** 'to build'
- ***prñneze/i-*** 'household'
- ***prñnezi(je)-*** 'household member'

***peran*** (adv., prev., postpos.) '(local postpos.) before, in front of, in presence of; (local prev.) in front; (temporal adv.) previously, in advance; (temporal prev.) in front, first; (temporal postpos.) facing a person in future, ahead of someone; (postpos.) during the reign of (a king); (postpos.) under the supervision of; (causal postpos.) because of, from, out of' (Akk. *PANI*)
* ***pēra(n)⸗mmit*** 'in front of me'
* ***peran⸗tet*** 'in front of you'
* ***pēra(n)⸗ššet*** 'in front of him' (lit. 'located to his front')
* ***pēra(n)⸗šmit*** 'in front of them'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***parran*** (prev., postpos.) 'before, in front of'
+ HLuw.
- ***paran*** (adv.) 'before, in front of'
- **\**parani*** (adv.) 'id.'

***peran ped(d)unaš*** (n.) '?'
***peri-*** (c.) '?', formerly 'bird'
***pernu-zi*** → *pirnu-zi* 'to embezzle (?)'
**NA4*peru / perun-*** (n.) 'rock, cliff, boulder'
**Derivatives:**+ **NA4*perunant-*** (adj.) 'rocky, craggy'
+ **NA4*perulū(wa)-*** '?'

***peš(š)-zi*** 'to rub, to scrub (with soap)'
**\**pešan- / pešn- / pišen-*** (c.) 'man, male person' (Sum. LÚ)
**Derivatives:**+ ***pišnātar / pišnann-*** (n.) 'manhood, virility; male parts'
+ **\**pešnili*** (adv.) 'in manly way'

***peššiye/a-zi*** 'to throw away, to cast, to shove; to abandon; to cast off; to ignore'
**Derivatives:**+ ***peššiyanna-i / peššiyanni-*** 'id. (impf.)'
+ → *šai-i / ši-*; *šiye/a-zi* 'to impress, to seal; to put on (headgear); to pitch (a tent); to prick, to sting; to propel, to shoot, to throw; (with *šarā*) to push up, to send up; (with *katta*) to send down; (midd.) to squirt, to spurt, to flow; (midd.) to shoot out, to spring out; to press'
+ → *ūššiye/a-zi* 'to draw open (of curtains)'

***pešn-*** → \**pešan- / pešn- / pišen-* 'man, male person'
***peda-*** (n.) 'place, location, position, locality' (Akk. *AŠRU*)
**Derivatives:**+ ***pedant-*** (c.) 'place'
+ ***pedaššaḫḫ-i*** 'to place, to install, to deposit'

**Anat. cognates:**+ HLuw.
- **LOCUS*-ta-*** (n.) 'place'
- **LOCUS*-tant-*** (c.) 'place'
- **LOCUS*-tantal(i)-*** (c.) 'precinct'
- **LOCUS*-tá*** **LOCUS*-tá*** (adv.) 'everywhere'
- **LOCUS*pitahaliya-*** 'to exile (?)'

+ Lyc.
- ***pddãt-*** 'place'
* ***pddãti(je)-*** (adj.) 'local (?)'

- ***pdde*** (adv. (?)) 'in place of, on behalf of (?)'
- ***pddẽn-*** 'place, precinct'
- ***pddẽχba-*** 'local Ḫepat'

***peda-i / ped-*** 'to take (somewhere), to carry, to transport; to spend (time)'
**Derivative:**+ ***pipeda-*** 'to carry out (?)'

**(UZU)*pettar / pettan-*** → (UZU)*pattar / pattan-* or UZU*pettar / pettan-* 'wing, feather'
***piyanae-zi*** → *peyanae-zi* 'to reward (someone)'
***piyetta-*** → *pitta-*, *piyetta* 'allotment'
***piḫa-***, onomastic element, 'strong (?)'
**Derivatives:**+ ***piḫaim(m)i-*** (adj.), epithet of the Storm-god, 'powerful, strong'
+ ***piḫam(m)i-*** (adj.), epithet of the Storm-god, 'powerful, strong'
+ ***piḫaššašši-*** (adj.), epithet of the Storm-god, 'of power, of strength'
+ ***piḫaddašši-*** (adj.), modifies bread and deities

**Anat. cognates:**+ HLuw.
- **FULGUR*pihama/i-*** (adj.) 'powerful, strong'
- ***Pihama/i-***, personal name
- ***pihas-*** (n.) 'power, strength'

+ Lyc. ***Piχm̃ma***, personal name

***: pinta-*** (n. or c.) 'oar'
***pippa-i / pipp-*** 'to knock down/apart/off, to tear down, to overturn, to destroy; to turn up, to throw up'
***pippeššar*** → *peppieššar* 'shipment, consignment'
***pirešḫannaš*** → *parzaḫannaš*, *paršaḫannaš*, *perzaḫannaš*, *perešḫannaš*, *peršaḫḫannaš* modifying livestock
***pirnu-zi*** 'to embezzle (?)'
***piršaḫannaš*,** ***pirzaḫannaš*** → *parzaḫannaš*, *paršaḫannaš*, *perzaḫannaš*, *perešḫannaš*, *peršaḫḫannaš* modifying livestock
***pišen-*** → \**pešan- / pešn- / pišen-* 'man, male person'
***pitta-*,** ***piyetta-*** (n., pl. tantum (?)) 'allotment'
**Derivatives:**+ ***pittauriya-*** '(man of the) great-allotment'
+ → *pittae-zi* 'to bring, to carry; to render, to pay'

**Anat. cognate:**+ Lyc. ***pijata-*** 'gift'

***pittae-zi*** 'to bring, to carry; to render, to pay'
**Derivative:**+ ***piddanna-i / piddanni-*** 'id. (impf.)'

***pittai-i / pitti-*** → *pattai-i / patti-* 'to run, to race; to flee; to fly'
***pittalae-zi*** 'to abandon, to discard'
***pittalwa-*** (adj.) 'plain, simple, unadultered'
**Derivatives:**+ ***pittalwant-*** (adj.) 'id.'
+ ***pittalwan-*** (adj.) 'id.'

**(UZU)*pittar / pittan-*** → (UZU)*pattar / pattan-* or UZU*pettar / pettan-* 'wing, feather'
**(SÍG)*pittula-*** (c.) 'loop, knot'
**Derivatives:**+ ***pit(t)uliya-*** (c.) 'anguish, worry, constriction, tightness, tension'
+ ***pittuliye/a-zi*** 'to be anxious, to worry'
+ ***pittuliyant-*** (adj.) 'worried, fearful, intimidated'
+ ***pittuliyauwant-*** (adj.) 'restrained, reluctant'

***pukk-(tt)a(ri)*** 'to be hateful, to be repulsive, to be unpleasant'
**Derivatives:**+ ***pukkant-*** 'hated, hateful, repulsive'
+ ***pukkanu-zi*,** ***pukkunu-zi*** 'to cause (someone) to be hated, to create dissension'

***puntariye/a-zi*** 'to be obstinate (?), to be stubborn (?)'
**Derivative:**+ ***puntarriyali-*** (adj.) 'stubborn (?)'

***punušš-zi*** 'to ask, to question, to consult; to investigate' (Sum. ÈN.TAR)
***purutt-*** (n.) 'soil, mud, earth; mud plaster'
**Derivatives:**+ ***puruttae-zi*** 'to cover with mud'
+ ***purutteššar / puruttešn-*** (n.) 'mudbrick'

***pūš-zi*** 'to be eclipsed (?)'
**(SÍG)*pūttar*** (n.) a hairy part of an animal’s body
***putkiye/a-tta(ri)*** 'to swell (said of fermented dough and of a tumor or boil on the head)'
***pūwae-zi*** 'to pound, to grind'
**Derivatives:**+ ***pupulli-*** 'ruin (?)'
+ ***puppušša-tta(ri)*** 'to be pounded, to be ground (?)'
+ ***(:) puššae-zi*** 'to chop up, to crush'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***pūwa-*** 'to pound, to crush'

**TÚG*puwaliya-*** (n.) a garment for the leg or foot (?)
***puwatti-*** (c.) 'madder (?)', '(dying) powder (?)' (Sum. ŠE.BE.DA, Akk. *ŠI-IN-DU*)
Š

***-š*** (nom. sg. c. ending)
***-š*** (gen. sg. ending) → *-aš* (gen. sg. ending)
***-š*** (2sg. pret. act. ending of the *mi*-inflection)
***-š*** (3sg. pret. act. ending of the *ḫi*-inflection)
***⸗šša-*** → *⸗šši- / ⸗šša- / ⸗šše-* (encl. poss. pron. 3sg.) 'his, her, its'
***-šša-i / -šš-*** (imperfective suffix)
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***-(š)ša-*** (impf. suffix)
+ HLuw. ***-sa-*** (impf. suffix)

***šae-zi*** → *šāi-zi* 'to become sullen, to become sulking, to be(come) angry; (midd. + *⸗z*) to quarrel with each other'
***šāḫ-i*** 'to clog, to stuff, to fill in, to stop, to block, to plug up'
**Derivative:**+ → *šaḫeššar / šaḫešn-* 'fortification, stronghold'

***šaḫḫ-zi*** → *ša(n)ḫ-zi* 'to seek, to look for; to investigate; to attempt; to avenge; (*āppan*) to look after; to clean, to sweep clean'
***šaḫḫan-*** (n.) a kind of obligation, service or payment due from land tennants to the real owners of the land (palace, temple, community or individuals)
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***šaḫḫan-*** (n.) 'id.'
- ***šaḫḫaniya-*** 'to impose feudal service upon'

***šaḫeššar / šaḫešn-*** (n.) 'fortification, stronghold' (Sum. BÀD*-eššar*)
**Derivative:**+ ***šaḫešnae-zi*** 'to fortify (?)'

***šāi-zi*** 'to become sullen, to become sulking, to be(come) angry; (midd. + *⸗z*) to quarrel with each other'
**Derivatives:**+ ***šātar*** (n.) 'irritation (?)'
+ ***šanu-*** → *parā(-)šanu-* 'provoke to rage (?)'

***šai-i / ši-*;** ***šiye/a-zi*** 'to impress, to seal; to put on (headgear); to pitch (a tent); to prick, to sting; to propel, to shoot, to throw; (with *šarā*) to push up, to send up; (with *katta*) to send down; (midd.) to squirt, to spurt, to flow; (midd.) to shoot out, to spring out; to press'
**Derivatives:**+ → É *šiyannaš* 'treasury (house of sealing)'
+ → *šiyant-* 'alcoholic beverage (?)'
+ → GIŠ*šiyattal-* 'spear (?)'
+ → \**šiyatar / šiyann-* 'spurting'
+ → *šiyēššar / šiyēšn-* 'beer'
+ → *šiyēššar* 'shooting (vel sim.) (?)'
+ → *šišša-i / šišš-* (impf. of *šai-i / ši-*) 'to impress'
+ → *šiššiya-* 'need'
+ → *šiššiyant-* 'sealed'
+ → *šittar(a)-* sharp-pointed metal object, 'spear-point (?)'
+ → *šittariye/a-zi* 'to seal'

***šākk-i / šakk-*** 'to know (about), to experience, to heed, to pay attention to, to recognize; to remember, to be expert in; to be acquainted with' (Akk. *IDŪ*)
**Derivative:**+ → *sak(k)antat(t)ar* 'appliqué'

***šāgāi- / šāki-*** (c.) 'sign, omen; miracle (?); warning; feature, characteristic' (Sum. ISKIM)
**Derivatives:**+ ***šākiye/a-zi*** 'to give a sign, to give an omen; to reveal; to exemplify'
+ '***šakiyaḫḫ-i*** 'to indicate, to signal, to give a sign or an omen'
+ **\**šakiaššar / šakiašn-*** (n.) 'sign, omen'
+ ***šakiyauwant-*** (adj.) 'ominous'

***šākan / šakn-*** (n.) 'oil, fat' (Sum. Ì)
**Derivatives:**+ ***šakniye/a-zi*** 'to anoint, to smear (with oil), to oil'
+ ***šaknuwant-*** (adj.) 'filled with fat or oil, fatty'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***tāin-*** (n.) 'oil'

***šak(k)antat(t)ar*** (n.) 'appliqué'
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***šakantama/i-*** (adj.) 'decorated with appliqué (?)'

***šakkar*,** ***zakkar / šakn-*** (n.) 'excrement, dung, faeces'
**Derivatives:**+ ***šaknēšš-zi*** 'to be(come) impure, defiled'
+ ***šaknuwant-*** (adj.) 'defiled by *šakkar*, impure, soiled'
+ ***šaknumar*** (n.) 'defilement (?), defecation (?)'
+ → *zašgaraiš / zašgarišš-* 'anus'

***šāklāi- / šākli-*** (c.) 'custom, customary behavior, rule, law, requirement; rite, ceremony; privilege, right'
***šakruwe/a-zi*** → *šakuruwe/a-zi* '(trans.) to water (animals); (intr. with *⸗z*) to drink'
***šakuttai-*** (n.) 'thigh (?)'
***šākuwa-*** (n.) 'eye' (Sum. IGI, Akk. *ĪNU*)
**Derivatives:**+ ***šakuwal-*** (n.) 'eye-cover'
+ → *šakuwāye/a-zi* 'to see, to look'
+ → *šakuwantariye/a-zi* 'to stay, to remain, to rest; to be neglected, to be unvisited, to be untended, to be uncelebrated'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***tāwa/i-*** (c./n.) 'eye'
- ***dawalli(ya)-*** 'to cast the evil eye upon'

+ HLuw. ***tawa/i-*** 'eye'
+ Lyc.
- **\**tewe-*** 'eye'
- ***ñtewẽ*** (adv.) 'facing, opposite, toward'

***šakuwāye/a-zi*** 'to see, to look'
***šakuwantariye/a-zi*** 'to stay, to remain, to rest; to be neglected, to be unvisited, to be untended, to be uncelebrated' (Sum. IGI*-wantariye/a-*)
**Derivative:**+ ***šaku(wa)ntariyanu-zi*** 'to neglect'

***šalla-tta(ri)*,** ***šalliye/a-tta(ri)*** 'to melt down'
**Derivative:**+ ***šallanu-zi*** 'to melt down (a wax figure); to flatten'

***šalai-i / šali-*** '?'
***šallai-i / šalli-*** '?'
***šallakarta-*** (n.) 'presumptuousness'
**Derivatives:**+ ***šallakartaḫḫ-i*** 'to offend someone through arrogance'
+ ***šallakartae-zi*** 'to offend someone through arrogance'
+ ***šallakartatar / šallakartann-*** (n.) 'presumptuousness'

***šallanna-i / šallanni-*** 'to pull, to drag'
***šalli- / šallai-*** (adj. / c.) '(adj.) big, great, large, important, full-grown, vast, principal, main; (c.) head, chief, notable' (Sum. GAL, Akk. *RABŪ*)
**Derivatives:**+ ***šallātar / šallann-*** (n.) 'greatness; kingship, rulership'
+ ***šallanu-zi*** 'to raise, to bring up; to exalt, to magnify; to … emphatically'
+ ***šallēšš-zi*** 'to become large, to grow up, to increase in size or power; to become too big, to become too difficult to resolve'
+ → *šallakarta-* 'presumptuousness'
+ → *šalla-tta(ri)*, *šalliye/a-tta(ri)* 'to melt down'

***šalī̆k-a(ri)*** 'to touch, to have contact with; to approach; to intrude into, to invade, to penetrate, to violate, to have (illicit) sexual intercourse; to reach to'
***šalk-zi*** 'to knead, to mix together'
**(GIŠ)*šam(a)lu-*** (n.) 'apple (tree) (?)' (Sum. GIŠḪAŠḪUR)
**Anat. cognate:**+ Pal. ***šamlū(wa)-*** 'apple (?)'

***šāmā̆na-*** (c.) 'foundation(s); foundation deposit'
**Derivative:**+ **\**šamanatar / šamanann-*** (n.) 'foundation deposit'

***šammanae-zi*** → *šamnae-zi* 'to create'
***šamankurwant-*** (derivative of *zama(n)kur*) 'bearded'
***šame-zi*** → *šamen-zi / šamn-*, *šemen-zi / šemn-* 'to pass by/away/off, to withdraw, to disappear; to relinquish / forfeit one’s right to'
***šamen-zi / šamn-*,** ***šemen-zi / šemn-*** 'to pass by/away/off, to withdraw, to disappear; to relinquish / forfeit one’s right to'
**Derivative:**+ ***šamenu-zi*** 'to make (something/-one) pass by, to bypass, to dispense with (?); to ignore (someone)'

***šammenant-*** (adj.) '?'
***šami-*** 'smoke (?)'
**Derivatives:**+ ***šaminu-zi*** 'to burn (something)'
+ ***šamešiye/a-zi*,** ***šimišiye/a-zi*** '(act.) to burn (something) for fumigation; (midd.) to burn for fumigation (intr.); (act.) to interrogate'
+ ***šamešanu-zi*** 'to burn (something) into smoke'

***šamnae-zi*** 'to create'
***šamniye/a-zi*** → *šamnae-zi* 'to create'
***⸗(š)šan*** sentence particle indicating superposition ('over', 'upon', 'on' etc.)
***šanna-i / šann-*** 'to hide, to conceal'
**Derivative:**+ → *šannapi* '?'

***šannapi*** '?'
* ***šannapi šannapi*** 'scattered here and there'

**Derivatives:**+ ***šannapili-*** (adj.) 'empty(-handed); not pregnant; plain (?) (modifying hay)
+ ***šannapili-*** (n. (?)) 'emptiness, void' (Sum. SUD)
+ ***šannapilēšš-zi*** 'to be emptied, to be deprived off'

***ša(n)ḫ-zi*** 'to seek, to look for; to investigate; to attempt; to avenge; (*āppan*) to loof after; to clean, to sweep clean'
**Derivative:**+ → *ša(n)ḫu-zi* 'to roast'

***ša(n)ḫu-zi*** 'to roast'
**Derivatives:**+ ***šanḫuwa-*** (c.), a food
+ ***šanḫuna-***, a food

***šani-*** (adj.) 'the same, one and the same'
**Derivatives:**+ ***šanezzi-*,** ***šaniezzi-*** (adj.) 'first-class, excellent, outstanding; pleasant, tasty, fragrant'
+ ***šan(i)ezziyaḫḫ-i*** 'to make pleasant; to enjoy oneself'
+ ***šan(i)ezziēšš-zi*** 'to become pleasant'

**Anat. cognates:**+ HLuw.
- ***sanawa/i-*** (adj./n.) 'good/goods'
- ***sanawazi-*** (adj.) 'good'
- ***sanawastar-*** 'goodness'

***šankuwāi-*** (c.) 'nail; a unit of linear measure' (Sum. UMBIN)
**Derivative:**+ **URUDU*šankuwal(li)-*** (n.), a metal implement for care of the nails (?)

***šapašiye/a-zi*** 'to scout, to reconnoitter'
**Derivative:**+ **LÚ*šapašalli-*** (c.) 'scout, lookout'

**(URUDU)*šapikkušta-*** → (URUDU)*šepikkušta-* 'pin; hairpin; stylus'
***šaptaminzu*** (adj. (?)) 'sevenfold (?)'
***šar-(tt)a(ri)*,** ***šariye/a-zi*** 'to embroider (?), to sew on (?); to truss (?) / sew (?) up'
***šārr-i / šarr-*** 'to divide up, to distribute; to split, to separate'; (midd. trans.) 'to cross (a threshold); to pass through (a doorway); to transgress (borders); to violate (an oath)'; (midd. intr.) 'to be divided; to split up'
**Derivative:**+ → *šarran-*, *šarra-* 'portion, share, half part, division'

***šarā*** (adv., postpos.) 'up(wards), aloft (adv.); on top of, above (postpos.)' (Sum. UGU)
**Derivatives:**+ ***šarāzzi(ya)-*** (adj.) 'upper, superior'
+ ***šarazzi*** (adv.) 'up(wards)'
+ ***šarāzziyaz*** (adv.) 'on the upper side, upstream'
+ ***šaraziēšš-zi*** 'to prevail'
+ ***šarāzziyaḫḫ-i*** 'to make (a litigiant or a legal case) win'
+ ***šarāzziyatar*** (n.) 'height, summit' (Akk. *MŪLÛ*)
+ ***šarāmnaz*** (adv.) 'from above'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***šarri*** (adv., preverb, postpos., prepos.) 'above, up; for (?)'
- ***šarra*** (adv., prepos.) '(up)on, thereon'

+ Lyc.
- ***hri*** 'up; on (top)'
- ***hrppi*** 'on (prev.), for (prep.)'
- ***hrzze/i-*** (adj.) 'upper'

***šarae-zi*** → *šar-(tt)a(ri)*, *šariye/a-zi* 'to embroider (?), to sew on (?); to truss (?) / sew (?) up'
***šaraku-*** 'to give water to (?)'
***šarran-*,** ***šarra-*** (c.) 'portion, share, half part, division'
***šarāp-i / šarip-*** 'to sip'
***šarāwar / šaraun-*** (n.) 'storm-clouds (?)'
***šarḫiye/a-zi*** 'to attack (?), to press upon (?)'
**Derivative:**+ ***šarḫuntalli-*** (adj.) 'attacking (?), posing a threat (?)'

**(UZU)*šarḫuwant-*** (c.) 'belly; innards; foetus, unborn child' (Sum. *ŠA* ŠÀ-BI-ŠA)
***šariye/a-zi*** → *šar-(tt)a(ri)*, *šariye/a-zi* 'to embroider (?), to sew on (?); to truss (?) / sew (?) up'
***šarriye/a-zi*** → *šārr-i / šarr-* 'to divide up, to distribute; to split, to separate'; (midd. trans.) 'to cross (a threshold); to pass through (a doorway); to transgress (borders); to violate (an oath)'; (midd. intr.) 'to be divided; to split up'
***šarip-*** → *šarāp-i / šarip-* 'to sip'
**TÚG*šarriwašpa-*** (c.) a garment
***šarku- / šargaw-*** (adj.) 'eminent, illustrious, powerful', (c.) 'an eminent person'
**Derivatives:**+ ***šargawatar / šargawann-*** (n.) 'eminence'
+ ***šarkiške/a-zi*** 'to be eminent'
+ ***šarkuēšš-zi*** 'to become mighty'

***šarkuwe/a-zi*** 'to put on footwear'
**Derivative:**+ ***šarkuiwant-*** (adj.) 'having shoes on (?)'

***šarli-*** (adj.) 'upper(most), superior'
**Derivatives:**+ ***šarlae-zi*** 'to exalt, to praise; to let prevail; to lift off, to remove'
+ ***šarlaim(m)i-*** (adj.) 'exalted (?)'
+ ***šarlamiš-*** (n.) 'glory'
+ **(SISKUR/SÍSKUR)*šarlatta-*(SISKUR)** (n.) 'exaltation (?); praise offering'
+ ***šarlattašši-*** (adj.) 'related to praise / exaltation'

**UZU*šarnanta-*** → (UZU)*šarḫuwant-* (c.) 'belly; innards; foetus, unborn child'
***šarni(n)k-zi*** '(abs.) to give compensation; (+ acc.) to compensate for something, to make up for something; ((+ acc.) + abl.) to compensate (for something) with something; (+ dat. + acc.) to compensate someone for something'
**Derivatives:**+ ***šarnikzil-*** (n. > c.) 'compensation, compensatory damages, replacement'
+ ***šarnikzilēšš-zi*** 'to pay/make compensation'

***šarta-i / šart-*** 'to wipe, to rub'
**Derivative:**+ **URUDU*šartal-*** (n.), a trowel (?), spatula (?)

***šardi-*** (gender unclear) 'help'
**Derivatives:**+ **(LÚ)*šardiya-*** (c.) 'ally, supporter, helper'
+ ***šardiyatar / šardiyann-*** (n.) 'alliance, help'

***šartiye/a-zi*** → *šarta-i / šart-* 'to wipe, to rub'
***šāru-*** (n.) 'booty, plunder'
**Derivative:**+ ***šaruwe/a-zi*,** ***šaruwae-zi*** 'to plunder, to loot (something); to take (something) as plunder'

***(:) šarunta/i-*** (c.) 'spring, well'
***šaš-*** → *šeš-zi / šaš-* 'to sleep, to rest, to lie down'
***šašḫa-*** → *šišḫa-i / šišḫ-* 'to decide, to appoint'
***šattawartanna*** (adv.) 'for seven laps'
***šaudišt- / šāwitišt-*** (c.) 'weanling'
**Derivative:**+ ***šawitištae-zi*** 'to wean'

**SI*šāwātar-*** → SI*šāwītra-*, SI*šāwātar-* 'horn (a musical instrument); horn (a drinking vessel)'šˇđ

***šāwitišt-*** → *šaudišt- / šāwitišt-* 'weanling'
**SI*šāwītra-*,** SI*šāwātar-* **(n.) 'horn (a musical instrument); horn (a drinking vessel)' (Sum. SI)**
**Anat. cognate:**+ Pal. ***šāwita/ir-*** (n. (?)) 'horn (?)'

***⸗šše*** (encl. pron. 3sg. dat.) 'for him/her/it'
***⸗šše-*** → *⸗šši- / ⸗šša- / ⸗šše-* (encl. poss. pron. 3sg.) 'his, her, its'
***šēḫur / šēḫun-*** (n.) 'urine'
**Derivatives:**+ ***šēḫuriye/a-zi*** 'to urinate'
+ ***šēḫurae-zi*** 'to urinate'
+ ***šēḫuganiyawant-*** (adj.) 'besmeared with urine'
+ → *: dūr / dūn-* 'urine'

***šekk-*** → *šākk-i / šakk-* 'to know (about), to experience, to heed, to pay attention to, to recognize; to remember, to be expert in; to be acquainted with'
**(TÚG)*šeknu- / šeknaw-*** (c./n.) 'cloak'
***šēli-*** (c.) 'grain pile, grain storage'
***šemen-zi / šemn-*** → *šamen-zi / šamn-* 'to pass by/away/off, to withdraw, to disappear; to relinquish / forfeit one’s right to'
***šena-*** → *šīna-* 'figurine, doll'
***-šepa-*** (functioning as suffix that makes female deifications of the basic word) → (f)*tagānzepa-* 'earth; goddess of the earth'
**(URUDU)*šepikkušta-*** (c.) 'pin; hairpin; stylus' (Sum. (URUDU)ZI.KIN.BAR)
***šeppitt-*** (n.) a kind of grain
***šēr*** (adv.) 'above, on top'
* ***šer⸗šet*,** ***šēr⸗šit*** 'above him/her/it; on top of him/her/it (lit. 'on his/her/its top')'
* ***šēr⸗šamet*,** ***šēr⸗šemet*** 'above them; on top of them (lit. 'on their top')'

***šerḫa-*** (gender unclear) an object to rinse feet with
***šeš-zi / šaš-*** 'to sleep, to rest, to lie down'
**Derivatives:**+ ***šešuwaš* É.ŠÀ** 'bed room'
+ ***šašant-*** (c.) 'concubine'
+ ***šaš(ša)nu-zi*** 'to make sleep (with someone), to bring to bed'
+ **(TÚG)*šašt(a)-*** (c.) 'sleep, bed'

***šeš-zi*** → *šiš-zi* 'to prosper, to proliferate'
***šeša-*** (gender unclear) body part of cow
***šešša-i / šešš-*** → *šišša-i / šišš-* (impf. of *šai-i / ši-*) 'to impress'
**GIŠ*šēšan(a)-*** → \*GIŠ*šēšatar / šēšann-* 'fruit-tree (?)'
***šešariye/a-zi*** 'to sieve'
**Derivative:**+ **GIŠ*šešarul-*** 'sieve'

**\*\*GIŠ*šēšatar / šēšann-*** (n.) 'fruit-tree (?)'
***šešḫa-i / šešḫ-*** → *šišḫa-i / šišḫ-* 'to decide, to appoint'
***šeššišar*** (n.) 'negligence'
***šešd-zi*** → *šiš-zi* 'to prosper, to proliferate'
***šeš(š)ur-*** → *šiššur-* 'irrigation'
***šī-*** (numeral) 'one' (Sum. 1 (DIŠ))
**Derivative:**+ ***šiela-*** (adj.) 'of one'

***-ši*** (2sg. pres. act. ending of the *mi*-inflection)
**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***-ši***
+ CLuw. ***-ši***
+ HLuw. ***-si***

***⸗šši*** → *⸗šše* (encl. pron. 3sg. dat.) 'for him/her/it'
***⸗šši- / ⸗šša- / ⸗šše-*** (encl. poss. pron. 3sg.) 'his, her, its'
***šiya-*** → *šī-* 'one'
**UTÚL*šiyammi-*** (n.) a certain dish prepared in a jar
**É *šiyannaš*** 'treasury (house of sealing)'
***šiyant-*** (n.) 'alcoholic beverage (?)'
**GIŠ*šiyattal-*** (n.) 'spear (?)' (Sum. GIŠŠU.I)
**Derivative:**+ ***šiyatalliške/a-zi*** 'to hunt (with a spear)'

***šiyattalliye/a-zi*** → *šittariye/a-zi* 'to seal'
**\**šiyatar / šiyann-*** 'spurting'
***šiyattariye/a-zi*** → *šittariye/a-zi* 'to seal'
***šiye-*** → *šī-* 'one'
***šiye/a-zi*** → *šai-i / ši-*; *šiye/a-zi* 'to impress, to seal; to put on (headgear); to pitch (a tent); to prick, to sting; to propel, to shoot, to throw; (with *šarā*) to push up, to send up; (with *katta*) to send down; (midd.) to squirt, to spurt, to flow; (midd.) to shoot out, to spring out; to press'
**UZU*šiešai-*** → (UZU)*šišai-* body part of animals (bear, lion, leopard, *šāša-*)
***šiyēššar / šiyēšn-*** (n.) 'beer' (Sum. KAŠ)
***šiyēššar*** (n.) 'shooting (vel sim.) (?)'
***šietti-*** (c.) a certain hairdo (?) (Sum. GÚ.BAR)
***šimišiye/a-zi*** → *šamišiye/a-zi*, *šimišiye/a-zi* (derivative of *šami-*) '(act.) to burn (something) for fumigation; (midd.) to burn for fumigation (intr.); (act.) to interrogate'
***šīna-*** (c.) 'figurine, doll'
**Derivative:**+ **NINDA*šīna-*** (c.), bread in the shape of a figurine

***-šipa-*** (functioning as suffix that makes female deifications of the basic word) → (f)*tagānzepa-* 'earth; goddess of the earth'
***šip(p)ānt-i / šip(p)ant-*** → *išpānt-i / išpant-* 'to libate, to pour, to sacrifice'
**(URUDU)*šipikkušta-*** → (URUDU)*šepikkušta* 'pin; hairpin; stylus'
***šiptamiya-*** (n.) 'seven-drink' (Sum. Ⅶ*-mi-ya-*)
**Derivative:**+ ***šiptamae-zi*** 'to seven (?)'

***šiš-zi*** 'to prosper, to proliferate'
* ***šišduwar*** (verbal noun) 'proliferation'

***šišša-i / šišš-*** (impf. of *šai-i / ši-*) 'to impress'
**(UZU)*šišai-*** (n.) body part of animals (bear, lion, leopard, *šāša-*)
***šišḫa-i / šišḫ-*** 'to decide, to appoint'
***šīšḫau-*** (n.) 'sweat' (Akk. *ZUDU*)
***šiššiya-*** (stem) 'need'
**Derivatives:**+ ***šiššiyatar / šiššiyann-*** (n.) 'need'
+ ***šiššiyawant-*** (adj.) 'being in need'
+ **LÚ*šiššiyala-*** (c.) 'needy one'

**GIŠ*šišiyam(m)a-*** (n.) '?'
***šiššiyant-*** (adj.) 'sealed' (> 'untouched')
***šišd-zi*** → *šiš-zi* 'to prosper, to proliferate'
***šiššur-*** (n.) 'irrigation'
**Derivatives:**+ ***šiššuriye/a-zi*** 'to irrigate'
+ ***šiššiuriye/a-zi*** 'to irrigate'

***šittar(a)-*** (n. > c.) sharp-pointed metal object, 'spear-point (?)'
**Derivative:**+ **ḪUR.SAG*Šittara-***, name of a mountain

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***šittar-*** (n.) 'id.'
+ HLuw. **"FUSUS"*sitar-*** (n.) 'spindle'

***šittariye/a-zi*** 'to seal'
**(d)*šīu-*,** **(d)*šīuna-*** (c.) 'god' (Sum. DINGIR, Akk. *ILUM*)
**Derivatives:**+ → *šiunal(a/i)-* 'divine one (?)'
+ → \**šiuniye/a-zi* '?'
+ → *šiuniyaḫḫ-tta(ri)* 'to be hit by a disease (through a god)'
+ → *šiwannant-* 'god'
+ → NINDA*šiwannanni-* (derived from NINDA*šiwandannanni-*), a bread
+ → MUNUS*šiunzanna-*, MUNUS*šiwanzanna-* a kind of priestess (lit. 'divine mother')

**Anat. cognate:**+ Pal. ***tiuna-*** (c.) 'god'

**(d)*šīuna-*** → (d)*šīu-*, (d)*šīuna-* 'god'
***šiunal(a/i)-*** (c.) 'divine one (?)'
**Anat. cognate:**+ Lyd. ***ciwνali-*** 'divine'

**\**šiuniye/a-zi*** '?'
**Derivatives:**+ **\*LÚ*šiuniyant-*** (c.) 'godsman (?)'
+ **\**šiuniyatar / šiuniyann-*** (n.) '(statue of) deity'

***šiuniyaḫḫ-tta(ri)*** 'to be hit by a disease (through a god)'
**MUNUS*šiunzanna-*,** **MUNUS*šiwanzanna-*** (c.) a kind of priestess (lit. 'divine mother'; Sum. MUNUSAMA.DINGIR)
***šiwanna-*** → (d)*šīu-*, (d)*šīuna-* 'god'
***šiwannant-*** (c.) 'god'
**NINDA*šiwandannanni-*** (c.) a bread
**MUNUS*šiwanzanna-*** → MUNUS*šiunzanna-*, MUNUS*šiwanzanna-* a kind of priestess (lit. 'divine mother')
**(d)*šīwatt-*** (c.) 'day' (Sum. UD(KAM))
**Derivative:**+ ***anišiwat*** (adv.) 'today (?)'

**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***tiyat-*** (c.) 'Sun-god'
+ CLuw.
- **(d)*Tiwad-*** (c.) 'Sun-god'
- ***tiwaliya-*** (adj.) 'of the Sun-god'
- ***tiwariya-*** (adj.) 'of the Sun-god'

+ HLuw.
- **DEUS*tiwad(i)-*** (c.) 'Sun-god'
- ***tiwadama/i-*** 'sun-blessed'

***šiwi- / šiwai-*** (adj. (?)) 'sour (?)'
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***ši(ḫ)wa-*** (adj.) 'sour (?)'
- ***ši(ḫ)wai-*** (adj.) 'sour (?)'

***-ške/a-zi</supy*** (imperfective suffix)
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***-zza-*** (impf. suffix)
+ HLuw. ***-za-*** (impf. suffix)
+ Lyc. ***-s-*** (impf. suffix)

***⸗šma-*** → *⸗šmi- / ⸗šma- / ⸗šme-* (encl. poss. pron. 2pl. and 3pl.) 'your (pl.); their'
***⸗šmaš*** (encl. pers. pron. acc.-dat. 2pl.) '(to) you (pl.)'
***⸗šme-*** → *⸗šmi- / ⸗šma- / ⸗šme-* (encl. poss. pron. 2pl. and 3pl.) 'your (pl.); their'
***⸗šmi- / ⸗šma- / ⸗šme-*** (encl. poss. pron. 2pl. and 3pl.) 'your (pl.); their'
***-šta*** (2sg. pret. act. ending) → *-š* (2sg. pret. act. ending of the *mi*-inflection) and *-tta(ri)*, *-ttat(i)* (2sg. midd. endings)
***-šta*** (3sg. pret. act. ending) → *-t / -tta* (3sg. pret. act. ending of the *mi*-inflection) and *-š* (3sg. pret. act. ending of the *ḫi*-inflection)
***⸗šta*** → *⸗(a)šta* (encl. locatival sentence particle)
***-štani*** (2pl. pres. act. ending of the *ḫi*-inflection) → *-šten(i)* (2pl. ending of the *ḫi*-inflection)
***-šten*** (2pl. imp. act. ending of the *ḫi*-inflection) → *-šten(i)* (2pl. ending of the *ḫi*-inflection)
***-šten(i)*** (2pl. ending of the *ḫi*-inflection)
***šu*** (clause conjunctive particle)
***šu-*** → *šuwe/a-zi* 'to fill'
***šū-*** → *šūu- / šūwaw-* 'full'
**(SÍG)*šūel-*** → (SÍG)*šūil-* 'thread'
***šūeri-*** '?'
***šūḫḫ-*,** ***šuḫḫa-*** (c.) '(flat) roof'
***šuḫḫa-i / šuḫḫ-*** 'to scatter'
***šuḫmili-*,** ***šuḫpili-*** (adj.) 'firm (?); well-fixed'
***šuḫpili-*** → *šuḫmili-*, *šuḫpili-* 'firm (?); well-fixed'
**(SÍG)*šūil-*** (n.) 'thread'
***šukšuk(k)a/i-*** (c.) 'hide (of cow or horse)'
***šullae-zi*** → *šullē-zi* 'to become arrogant'
***šullē-zi*** 'to become arrogant'
**Derivatives:**+ ***šullēšš-zi*** 'to become arrogant'
+ ***šullatar / šullann-*** (n.) 'swollen state > reckless act'

***šulliye/a-zi*** → *šullē-zi* 'to become arrogant'
***šulupi-*** (c.) an oracle bird
***šum-*** (pers. pron. 2pl.) 'you (pl.)'
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***u(n)za-*** 'you (pl.)'
+ HLuw. ***unz-*** 'you (pl.)'

***⸗šumma-*** → *⸗šummi- / ⸗šumma- / ⸗šumme-* (encl. poss. pron. 1pl.) 'our'
**(Ú)*šumanzan-*** (n.) '(bul)rush'
***⸗šumme-*** → *⸗šummi- / ⸗šumma- / ⸗šumme-* (encl. poss. pron. 1pl.) 'our'
***šumeš-*** (n.) a kind of grain (?)
**\**šumeššar / šumešn-*** (n.) 'big beans, broad beans' (Sum. GÚ.GAL.GAL)
***⸗šummi- / ⸗šumma- / ⸗šumme-*** (encl. poss. pron. 1pl.) 'our'
**(GIŠ)*šummittant-*** (c.) 'axe'
***šumreške/a-zi*** 'to become filled (because of a pregnancy), to become thicker (because of the pregnancy)'
***šumumaḫḫ-i*** 'to braid together (?)'
***šunna-i / šunn-*** 'to fill'
**Derivative:**+ ***šunnummeššar*** (n.) 'filling (?)'

**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***šūna-*** 'to fill'
+ CLuw. ***šunatruwant(i)-*** (adj.) 'rich in outpourings'

***šunnaziyant-*** (adj.) 'brim-full'
***šūniye/a-zi*** 'to dip'
***šunniye/a-zi*** → *šunna-i / šunn-* 'to fill'
***šupp-(tt)a(ri)*** 'to sleep'
**Derivatives:**+ → *šuppariye/a-zi* 'to sleep'
+ → *šupparwant-* 'sleepy (?)'

***šuppa-*** → *šuppi- / šuppay-* 'purified, sacred; clean'
***šupp(a)l(a)-*** (n.) 'cattle'
**Derivative:**+ ***šuppalēššar / šuppalēšn-*** (n.) '?'

***šuppariye/a-zi*** 'to sleep'
**Derivatives:** see also *šupp-(tt)a(ri)* ('to sleep') and *šupparwant-* ('sleepy (?)')

***šupparwant-*** (adj.) 'sleepy (?)'
**Derivatives:** see also *šupp-(tt)a(ri)* ('to sleep') and *šuppariye/a-zi* ('to sleep')

***šuppawašḫanalli-*** → *šuppi/awašḫanalli-* (derivative of *šuppiwašḫar*SAR 'onion') 'having onions (?)'
***šuppi- / šuppay-*** (adj.) 'purified, sacred; clean'
**Derivatives:**+ **UZU*šuppa*** (n. pl.) '(sacrilized) meat'
+ ***šuppiyaḫḫ-i*** 'to make pure, to purify, to sacrilize'
+ ***šuppiēšš-zi*** 'to become purified'
+ ***šuppiēššar*,** ***šuppiyaššar*** (n.) 'purity'
+ **(DUMU.MUNUS)*šuppi(e)ššara-*** (c.) a priestess, 'purified woman'
+ ***šuppiššarant-*** (adj.) 'being purified'
+ ***šuppiyant-*** (adj.) 'purified, sacred'
+ ***šuppiyatar / šuppiyann-*** (n.) 'purity'

***šupp(iye/a)-zi*** → *šupp-(tt)a(ri)* 'to sleep'
***šuppištuwara-*** (adj.) 'ornamented (?)'
**Derivative:**+ ***šuppišduwari-*** (c.) 'ornamentation (?)'

***šuppiwašḫar*SAR** (n.) 'onion' (lit. 'pure *wašḫar*'; Sum. SUM.SIKILSAR (?))
**Derivative:**+ ***šuppi/awašḫanalli-*** 'having onions (?)'

***šupl(a)-*** → *šupp(a)l(a)-* 'cattle'
**(SÍG)*šurit(a)-*** (n.) 'braid (?)'
***šurka/i-*** (c.) 'root'
***šutāye/a-zi*** '?'
***šūu- / šūwaw-*** (adj.) 'full'
**Derivatives:**+ → \**šumeššar / šumešn-* 'big beans, broad beans'
+ → *šumreške/a-zi* 'to become filled (because of a pregnancy), to become thicker (because of the pregnancy)'
+ → *šunna-i / šunn-* 'to fill'
+ → *šunnaziyant-* 'brim-full'
+ → *šutāye/a-zi* '?'
+ → *(:) šuwāru-* 'full, complete'
+ → *šuwe/a-zi* 'to fill'

***šuwa-*** → *šuwe/a-zi* 'to fill'
***šuwa-*** → *šuwe/a-zi* 'to push (away), to shove, to cast off'
***šuwai-*** (c.) 'rejection' (formerly 'bird')
***šuwāye/a-zi*** 'to spy'
***(:) šuwāru-*** (adj.) 'full, complete'
**Anat. cognate:**+ Pal. ***šuwāru-*** 'full'

***šuwarwil-*** (gender unclear) material to bind reed with
***šūwaw-*** → *šūu- / šūwaw-* 'full'
***šuwe/a-zi*** 'to fill'
**Derivatives:**+ → *šūu- / šūwaw-* 'full'
+ → *šunna-i / šunn-* 'to fill'

etc.
**Anat. cognate:**+ HLuw. ***suwa-*** 'to fill'

***šuwe/a-zi*** 'to push (away), to shove, to cast off'
**Derivative:**+ → *šuwai-* 'rejection'

***šuweri-*** → *šūeri-* '?'
## T (D)

***-t*** (instr. ending)
***-t*** (pronominal nom.-acc. sg. n. ending)
***-t*** (2sg. imp. act. ending)
***-t / -tta*** (3sg. pret. act. ending of the *mi*-inflection)
***ta*** (clause conjunctive particle)
**Derivative:**+ → *takku* 'if, when'

***-ta*** (instr. ending) → *-t* (instr. ending)
***-tta*** (2sg. pret. act. ending of the *ḫi*-inflection)
***-tta*** (2sg. pret. midd. ending) → *-tta(ri)*, *-ttat(i)* (2sg. midd. endings)
***-tta*** → *-t / -tta* (3sg. pret. act. ending of the *mi*-inflection)
***-tta*** (3sg. pres. midd. ending) → *-tta(ri)*, *-ttat(i)* (3sg. midd. endings)
***⸗tta-*** → *⸗tti- / ⸗tta- / ⸗tte-* (encl. poss. pron. 2sg.) 'your (sg.)'
***⸗tta / ⸗ttu*** (encl. pers. pron. acc.-dat. 2sg.) '(to) you'
**Anat. cognate:**+ HLuw. ***⸗tu*** (encl. pers. pron. acc.-dat. 2sg.) 'to you'

***dā-i / d-*** 'to take, to wed, to decide' (Sum. ME)
**Derivatives:**+ → *peda-i / ped-* 'to take (somewhere), to carry, to transport; to spend (time)'
+ → *uda-i / ud-* 'to bring (here), to bring (over)'

**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. (unclear stem) '?'
+ CLuw.
- ***lā-*** 'to take'
- ***lalā-*,** ***lālā-*** 'to take'
- ***lalāma/i-*** 'itemized list, receipt'
- ***lalatta-*** '(ritual) act of taking (away)'

+ HLuw. ***la(la)-*,** ***da-*** 'to take'

***taḫḫara-*** → *tuḫḫara-* '?'
**UZU*daḫašti-*** → UZU*dānḫašti-* 'double-bone'
***taḫš-*** 'to predict'
***taḫḫuwai- / taḫḫui-*** → *tuḫḫuwai- / tuḫḫui-* 'smoke'
***dai-i / ti-*** 'to lay, to put, to place'
**Derivatives:**+ ***tiyanna-i / tiyanni-*** 'to lay down (impf.)'
+ ***tiyantiye/a-zi*** 'to set up, to erect'
+ → *titta-i / titti-* 'to install, to assign'
+ → *titnu-zi* 'to install, to seat, to put'
+ → *tešḫa-* 'dream, sleep'
+ → *tuzzi-* 'army, military forces; military camp'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***tūwa-*** 'to put, to place'
+ HLuw. ***tu(wa)-*** 'to place, to erect'
+ Lyd. ***cu(ve)-*** 'to erect'
- ***facuni-*** 'to erect'
- ***dacuverśt*** 'has been erected'

+ Lyc.
- ***ta-*** 'to put, to place'
- ***tuwe-*** 'to place'

***tayazil-*,** ***tayezil-*** (n.) 'theft'
***tāye/a-zi*** 'to steal (from)'
**Derivative:**+ → *tayazil-*, *tayezil-* 'theft'

***tayezil-*** → *tayazil-*, *tayezil-* 'theft'
***tāišta-i / tāišti-*** 'to load'
**Derivatives:**+ ***taištiyar*** (n.) '?'
+ → *taišzi-* 'hay-barn'

***taišzi-*** (c.) 'hay-barn'
***tāyuga-*** (derivative of *iuga-*) 'two-year-old'
***dākk-i / dakk-*** 'to resemble'
**(f)*tagānzepa-*** (c.) 'earth; goddess of the earth' (Sum. KI)
***takkešš-zi*** → *takš-zi* 'to devise, to unify, undertake, to mingle'
***taki-*** (adj.) 'other, foreign (?)'
* ***taki- … taki-*** 'the one … the other'

***takkišš-zi*** → *takš-zi* 'to devise, to unify, undertake, to mingle'
***takš-zi*** 'to devise, to unify, undertake, to mingle; to put together'
**Derivatives:**+ → *takšuwar* 'friendship (?)'
+ → *takšeššar* 'combination, arrangement, settlement'
+ → *takšan* 'together' (derivative of *takšan-*)
+ → *takšatar / takšann-* 'plain, level'
+ → *takšul-* 'agreement, settlement, peace(-treaty)'

* ***idālu takš-*** 'to treat (someone) evil'
* ***takšul takš-*** 'to conclude a peace-treaty'
* **KASKAL*-ša takš-*** 'to undertake a campaign'
* **É*-er takš-*** 'to allot a house (to someone)'
* **GEŠTIN *wetenit takš-*** 'to mingle wine with water'

***takšan-*** (n.) 'centre, joint, combination'
* ***takšan šārr-i*** 'to put in half, to divide'

**Derivative:**+ ***takšan*** (adv.) 'together'

***takšatar / takšann-*** (n.) 'plain, level'
**Derivatives:**+ ***takšatniye/a-zi*** 'to level'
+ ***takšanna-i / takšanni-*** 'to level'

***takšeššar*** (n.) 'combination, arrangement, settlement'
***takšul-*** (n.) 'agreement, settlement, peace(-treaty)'
**Derivatives:**+ ***takšul takš-zi*** 'to conclude an agreement'
+ ***takšul(a)-*** (adj.) 'friendly'
+ ***takšulae-zi*** 'to agree, to be friendly, to make peace'
+ ***takšulatar / takšulann-*** (n.) 'friendliness, peace'

***takšuwar*** (n.) 'friendship (?)'
***takku*** (conjunction) 'if, when'
***dāla-i / dāli-*** 'to let, to leave, to let in peace'
***talli-*** (adj.) 'pleasant (?)'
**Derivative:**+ ***talliyēšš-zi*** 'to be pleasant (?)'

***talliye/a-zi*** 'to pray to, to evoke (a deity)'
**\**taluki- / talugai-*** (adj.) 'long' (Sum. GÍD.DA)
**Derivatives:**+ ***talūga*** (adv.) 'long'
+ ***daluknu-zi*** 'to lengthen'
+ ***daluknul-*** (n.) 'lengthening'
+ ***dalukēšš-zi*** 'to become long'
+ ***dalugašti-*** 'length'
+ → *zaluknu-zi* 'to postpone, to delay'
+ → *zalukēšš-zi* (derivative of *zaluknu-zi*) 'to take long'

***taluppant-*** (variant of *taruppant-* (part. of *tarupp-zi*) 'plaid together'
***tamāi- / tame-*** (adj. with pron. inflection) 'other, second'
**Derivatives:**+ ***tameuma-*** (adj.) 'belonging to someone else, strange, different'
+ ***tameummēšš-zi*** 'to become different, to change (instr.)'
+ ***damiummaḫḫ-tta(ri)*** 'to change (trans.)'

***tamāšš-zi / tame/išš-*** 'to (op)press'
**Derivative:**+ → *damme/išḫā-* 'damaging, act of violence, punishment'

***tame(n)k-zi*** '(act. trans.) to affix, to attach; (midd. and act. intr.) to stick to, to join, to have an affection for'
**Derivative:**+ ***tamenganu-zi*** 'to make attach (?)'

***damme/išḫā-*** (c.) 'damaging, act of violence, punishment'
**Derivatives:**+ ***damme/išḫa*** (adv.) 'violently'
+ ***damme/išḫae-zi*** 'to damage'
+ ***dammešḫanu-zi*** 'to make punish'

***dampu-*** (adj.) 'blunt'
**Derivative:**+ ***tampuēšš-zi*** 'to become blunt (?)'

***tān*** (adv.) 'for the second time, again, subordinately'
**Derivatives:**+ → *tāyuga-* 'two-year-old'
+ → UZU*dānḫašti-* 'double-bone'
+ → LÚ*duyanalli-* 'second in rank'

**Anat. cognates:**+ HLuw.
- ***twi-*** (adj.) 'two'
- ***twisu*** (adv.) 'twice'

+ Lyc.
- ***kbi-*** (adj.) '(an)other'
- ***kbihu*** (adv.) 'twice'

+ Mil.
- ***tbisu*** (adv.) 'twice'
- ***tbiplẽ*** '?'

**GIŠ*tanau-*** (n.) a kind of tree
**UZU*dānḫašti-*** (n.) 'double-bone'
***-ttani*** (2pl. pres. act. ending of the *mi*-inflection) → *-tten(i)* (2pl. act. ending of the *mi*-inflection)
***taninu-zi*** 'to install, to settle'
***dānit-*** (n.) cult object, 'stele (?)'
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***dānit-*** (n.) 'id.'
+ HLuw. **STELE*tanisa-*** (n.) 'stele'

***dankui- / dankuwai-*** (adj.) 'black, dark' (Sum. GE6)
**Derivatives:**+ ***dankuēšš-zi*** 'to become black'
+ ***dankuneške/a-zi*** 'to make black'
+ ***danku(wa)nu-zi*** 'to make black'
+ ***dankuyanu-zi* (?)** 'to make black'
+ ***dankuwaḫḫ-i*** 'to make black'
+ ***dankutar*** (n.) 'darkness'
+ ***dankuli-*** (adj.) 'tin'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***dakkui-*** (adj.) 'dark (?)'

***tapariye/a-zi*** 'to lead, to decide, to rule, to reign'
**Derivatives:**+ ***tapariya-*** (c.) 'order, ruling'
+ **LÚ*tapariyalli-*** (c.) 'commander'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***tapar-*** 'to rule, to govern'
- ***taparamman-*** (adj.) 'ruling, governing (?)'
- ***taparammaḫit-*** (n.) 'position of ruling, governing (?)'

+ HLuw.
- ***tapariya-*** 'authority'
- ***tapara/ita-*** 'authority'
- ***taparahit-*** (n.) 'authority'
- ***tapariya-*** 'to decree'
- ***tapariyala/i-*** (c.) 'governor'
- ***tapariyala-*** 'to be governor'

***dapi-*** (adj.) 'all, every, each, altogether'
**Derivative:**+ ***dapiant-*** (adj.) 'all, every'

***tapuš-*** (n.) 'side'
***tar-*** → *ter-zi / tar-*, *tē-zi* 'to speak, to state'
***tarra-tta(ri)*** 'to be able; (+ inf.) to can'
***tarahh-zi*** → *tarḫu-zi* 'to prevail, to conquer, to be powerful, to be able; (with *⸗z*) to defeat'
***tarai-i / tari-*** 'to exert oneself, to become tired; to become weary'
**Derivatives:**+ ***tariyašha-*** (c.) 'tiredness, fatigue' (Akk. *MA-NA-AḪ-TUM*)
+ ***dariyanu-zi*** 'to tire, to make tired'

***tarḫ-zi*** → *tarḫu-zi* 'to prevail, to conquer, to be powerful, to be able; (with *⸗z*) to defeat'
***tarḫu-zi*** 'to prevail, to conquer, to be powerful, to be able; (with *⸗z*) to defeat'
**Derivatives:**+ ***tarḫuēšš-zi*** 'to become powerful'
+ ***tarḫuili- / tarḫuilai-*** (adj.) 'strong, powerful'
+ ***tarḫuilātar / tarḫuilann-*** (n.) 'heroism, courage'
+ ***tarḫuilēšš-zi*** 'to become powerful'
+ **\*d*Tarḫunna-*** (c.) 'Storm-god' (Sum. dIŠKUR, dU)
+ → *tarra-tta(ri)* 'to be able; (+ inf.) to can'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- **d*Tarḫuwant-*** / **d*Tarḫunt-*** 'Storm-god'
- ***tarḫunta-*** '?'
- ***tarḫuntiti-***, a kind of food

+ HLuw.
- ***Tarhunt-*,** ***Tarhunza-*** (c.) 'Storm-god'
- ***tarhunti-*** (adj.) 'of the Storm-god'

+ Lyd. ***tarντalli- (?)*** 'of Tarντa'
+ Lyc. ***Trqqñt-*** 'Storm-god'
+ Mil. ***Trqqñt-*** 'Storm-god'

***-tta(ri)*,** ***-ttat(i)*** (2sg. midd. endings)
***-tta(ri)*,** ***-ttat(i)*** (3sg. midd. endings)
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***-ttar(i)*,** ***-dari*** (3sg. pres. midd. ending)

***tariye/a-zi*** → *tarai-i / tari-* 'to exert oneself, to become tired; to become weary'
***dāriye/a-zi*** '?'
**TÚG*tarriyanali-*** (c.) 'cloth that has been woven three times (?)'
**LÚ*tarriyanalli-*** (c.) 'functionary of the third rank'
***tar(k)u-zi*** 'to dance'
**Derivative:**+ **LÚ*tarwešgala-*** (c.) 'dancer (?)'

***tarkuwant-*** (adj.) 'looking angrily'
**Derivatives:**+ ***tarkuwa*** (adv.) 'angrily'
+ ***targulliyauwar*** (n.) 'furious look'
+ ***tarkuwalliye/a-zi*** 'to look angrily'

**(GIŠ)*tarma-*** (c.) 'nail, peg, pin' (Sum. GIŠGAG)
**Derivative:**+ ***tarmae-zi*** 'to nail, to hammer, to fasten down'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***tarma/i-*** (c.) 'nail, peg'
- ***tarmattar / tarmatn-*** (n.) 'nailing, fastening'
- ***tarm(a)i-*** 'to nail, to fasten down'

***tarmi-*** (c.) symptom of a disease
***tarna-*** (c.) 'head, skull; a small measure'
***tarna-i / tarn-*** 'to let (go), to allow, to leave (something)'
**Derivatives:**+ ***tarnatt-*** (c.) 'ration, portion' (Sum. ḪA.LA (?))
+ ***tarnattalla-*** (c.) 'partner, sharer'

***tarš-*** 'to become dry' or 'to make dry'
* ***taršan mallan*** 'dried (?) and milled'
* ***taršant-*** (part. of *tarš-*) 'dried'

***taršanzepa-*** (c.) an object in the temple, a sort of room divider to separate the entrance section from the real temple sanctuary
**Derivative:**+ **d*taršanzipa-*** (c.) 'id. (deified)'

**(GIŠ)*tāru-*** (n.) 'wood' (Sum. GIŠ)
**Derivatives:**+ ***taruwae-zi*** 'to fix (magically), to fasten'
+ **GIŠ*tarwāli-*** (n.) 'pestle (?)'
+ → *allantaru-* 'oak'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- **GIŠ*tāru-*** (n.) 'wood'
- ***dāruš-*** (n.) 'statue'
- ***taruwi(ya)-*** 'to turn to wood (vel sim.)'

+ HLuw.
- **\**taru-*** (n.) 'wood'
- ***tarwi(ya)-*** 'wooden beam (?)'
- ***tarut-*** (n.) 'statue'

***taru-zi*** → *tar(k)u-zi* 'to dance'
***-ttaru*** (3sg. imp. midd. ending)
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***-ttaru*** (3sg. imp. midd. ending)

***taruḫḫ-zi*** → *tarḫu-zi* 'to prevail, to conquer, to be powerful, to be able; (with *⸗z*) to defeat'
***taruk-zi*** → *tar(k)u-zi* 'to dance'
***tarupp-zi*** 'to collect, to unite, to plaid together; (midd.) to collect oneself, to be finished'
**Derivatives:**+ ***taruppeššar / taruppešn-*** (n.) 'collection'
+ ***taruppiyanu-zi*** 'to bring together, to collect'
+ ***taruppiyaḫḫ-i*** '?'
+ ***taruppaḫḫ-i*** '?'

**(UZU)*tašku(i)-*** (c.) 'thigh bone'
***daššu- / daššaw-*** (adj.) 'strong, powerful; heavy; well-fed; difficult; important' (Sum. DUGUD, Á.GÁL)
**Derivatives:**+ ***daššuwant-*** (adj.) 'strong'
+ ***daš(ša)nu-zi*** 'to make strong'
+ ***daššēšš-zi*** 'to become heavy, to become pressing'
+ ***daššuwatar*** (n.) 'might (?)'
+ **\**taššiye/a-zi*** 'to be heavy, to make heavy, to press' (only in derivatives)
- ***taššiyatar*** (n.) a kind of disease
- ***taššiyawar*** (n.) a kind of disease
- ***taššiyama-*** (c.) a kind of disease

***tašuwant-*** (adj.) 'blind'
**Derivative:**+ ***dašuwaḫḫ-i*** 'to make blind'

***-ttat*** (2sg. pret. midd. ending) → *-tta(ri)*, *-ttat(i)* (2sg. midd. endings)
***-ttat*** (3sg. pret. midd. ending) → *-tta(ri)*, *-ttat(i)* (3sg. midd. endings)
***tattarae-zi*** '?'
***-ttati*** (2sg. pret. midd. ending) → *-tta(ri)*, *-ttat(i)* (2sg. midd. endings)
***-ttati*** (3sg. pret. midd. ending) → *-tta(ri)*, *-ttat(i)* (3sg. midd. endings)
***tatrant-*** (adj.) 'agitated, aggressive (cow); sharp-edged (stone)'
**Derivative:**+ ***tatraḫḫ-i*** 'to incite, to stirr up'

***tē-zi*** (suppletive with *ter-zi / tar-*) 'to speak, to state'
***⸗tte-*** → *⸗tti- / ⸗tta- / ⸗tte-* (encl. poss. pron. 2sg.) 'your (sg.)'
***tēkan / takn-*** (n.) 'earth'
**Derivative:**+ → (f)*tagānzepa-* 'earth; goddess of the earth'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***tiyamm(i)-*** 'earth'
+ HLuw. ***takam-*** 'earth'

**URUDU/GIŠ*tēkan*** 'pick-axe (?)' (Sum. (GIŠ/URUDU)AL (?))
***tekri-*** (c.) 'deposition (?)'
***tekkuššiye/a-zi*** 'to show, to present (oneself)'
**Derivatives:**+ ***tekkuš(ša)nu-zi*** 'to (make) show, to reveal, to (make) present someone'
+ ***tekkuššēšš-zi*** 'to become visible'

***-tten*** (2pl. pret. act.- and 2pl. imp. act. ending of the *mi*-inflection) → *-tten(i)* (2pl. act. ending of the *mi*-inflection)
***-tten(i)*** (2pl. act. ending of the *mi*-inflection)
***tepšu- / tepšaw-*** (adj.) 'something little; some kind of (by-product of) grain (comparable to malt) that does not yield any plant'
**Derivatives:**+ **\**tepšawatar / tepšawann-*** (n.) 'poverty (?)'
- ***tepšauwanni*** 'in poverty'

+ ***tepšanu-zi*** 'to make *t.*; to diminish (trans.)'
+ ***tepšawēšš-zi*** 'to become *t.*; to diminish (intr.)'

***tēpu- / tēpaw-*** (adj.) 'little, few'
**Derivatives:**+ ***tepnu-zi*** 'to diminish, to despise'
+ ***tepawēšš-zi*** 'to become little'
+ ***tepawaḫḫ-i*** 'to make little'

***ter-zi / tar-*** (suppletive with *tē-zi*) 'to speak, to state'
**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***tarta-*** 'curse'
+ CLuw. ***tātariyamman-*** (n.) 'curse'
+ HLuw. ***tataria-*** 'to curse'
+ Lyd. ***kan-tro-*** 'to trust someone with, to dedicate'

***terawartanna*** → *tierawartanna* 'for three laps'
***terepp-zi / tere/ipp-*** 'to plough'
**Derivatives:**+ **A.ŠÀ*tere/ippi-*** (n.) 'ploughed field'
+ **A.ŠÀ*tere/ippiye/a-zi*** 'to plough'

***teri-*** (card. num.) 'three'
**Derivatives:**+ ***teriya-*** (ord. num.) 'third'
+ ***teriyalla-*** 'three-drink (?)'
+ ***teriyala-*** (c.) 'third (?) > mediator (?)'
+ ***teriyan*** (adv.) 'at the third time'
+ **\**teriyankiš (?)*** (adv.) 'thrice'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- → LÚ*tarriyanalli-* 'functionary of the third rank'
- → TÚG*tarriyanali-* 'cloth that has been woven three times (?)'

+ HLuw. ***t(a)risu*** (adv.) 'three times'
+ Lyc.
- ***tri-*** (stem) 'three'
- ***teri-*** (stem) 'three (?)'
- ***trisñne*** 'three year old (?)'
- ***trppeme*** 'threefold (?)'

+ Mil.
- ***trpplẽ*** '?'
- ***trisu*** 'thrice'

***teripp-zi*** → *terepp-zi / tere/ipp-* 'to plough'
***teriške/a-zi*** 'to insult (?)'
***tešḫa-*** (c.) 'dream, sleep' (Sum. Ù)
**Derivatives:**+ ***zašḫai- / zašḫi-*** 'dream'
+ ***tešḫalli-*** (adj.) 'sleepy (?)'
+ ***tešḫaniye/a-zi*** 'to appear in a dream'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***duntarriyašḫa-*** (c.) 'dream, vision'

**(UZU)*tēta(n)-*** (n.) 'breast, teat'
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***tītan-*** (n.) 'breast, teat'
- ***titaimma/i-*** (adj.) 'suckling'
* ***anniš titaimmeš*** 'nurturing mother'

+ Lyc.
- ***tideime/i-*** 'son, child'
- ***tidere/i-*** 'collacteus'

***tetḫ-a*** → *titḫ-* 'to thunder'
***-tti*** (2sg. pres. act. ending of the *ḫi*-conjugation)
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***-ttiš***

***⸗tti- / ⸗tta- / ⸗tte-*** (encl. poss. pron. 2sg.) 'your (sg.)'
***tierawartanna*** (adv.) 'for three laps'
**GIŠ*tiyeššar / tiyešn-*** (n.) 'forest (?)' (Sum. GIŠTIR*-šar* (?))
***tiye/a-zi*** 'to step, to go stand, to place oneself, to set in'
**Derivative:**+ ***tiyatar / tiyann-*** (n.) '?'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***tā-*** 'to come to stand'
+ HLuw.
- ***ta-*** 'to come to stand'
- ***tanu-*** 'to set up, to erect, to establish'
- ***taza-*** 'to stand (impf.)'

***tiye/a-zi*** 'to bind (?)'
**Derivative:**+ ***tiyamar / tiyaman-*** (n.) 'cord, string'

***titta-i / titti-*** 'to install, to assign'
* ***tittiyant-*** (part. of *titta-i / titti-*) 'put in, installed'

***tittanu-zi*** → *titnu-zi* 'to install, to seat, to put'
***titḫ-a*** 'to thunder'
**Derivatives:**+ ***tetḫeššar / tetḫešn-*** (n.) 'thunder' (Sum. BÚN)
+ ***tetḫima-*** (c.) 'thunder'

***tittiye/a-*** → *titta-i / titti-* 'to install, to assign'
***titnu-zi*** 'to install, to seat, to put'
***tu-*** → *zīk / tu-* 'you (sg.)'
***-ttu*** (3sg. imp. act. ending of the *mi*-inflection)
**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***-du***
+ CLuw. ***-ddu / -du***
+ HLuw. ***-tu***
+ Lyc. ***-tu***

***⸗ttu*** (encl. pers. pron.) 'you' → *⸗tta / ⸗ttu* (encl. pers. pron. acc.-dat. 2sg.) '(to) you'
***tuekk- / tukk-*,** ***tuekka-*** (c./n.) 'body, person, self; (pl.) body parts, limbs' (Sum. NÍ.TE)
**Anat. cognate:**+ Lyc. ***tukedri-*** 'statue'

***tuel*,** ***tuedaz*** (abl. of *zīk / tu-*) 'from you (sg.)'
***tuḫḫae-zi*** 'to produce smoke'
**Derivatives:**+ ***tuḫḫima-*** (c.) 'smoke'
+ ***tuḫḫiyatt-*** 'smoking out (?)'

***tuḫḫara-*** (c.) '?'
***tuḫš-a(ri)*** '(trans.) to cut off, to separate; (intr.) to be cut off, to be separated'
**Derivative:**+ ***tuḫšanna-i / tuḫšanni-*** 'id. (impf.)'

***tuḫš-zi*** → *tuḫḫuš-zi* 'to end'
***tuḫšalau*** (misread of *túḫ-ša-ạt-t[én]* 'you must cut off') → *tuḫš-a(ri)*
***tuḫtuḫḫiye/a-zi*** 'to brandish (?)'
***tuḫḫuēššar / tuḫḫuešn-*** (n.) 'sponge (?)'
***tuḫḫui-*** → *tuḫḫuwai- / tuḫḫui-* 'smoke'
***tuḫḫuš-zi*** 'to end'
***tuḫḫuš-a(ri)*** → *tuḫš-a(ri)* '(trans.) to cut off, to separate; (intr.) to be cut off, to be separated'
***tuḫušiyae-zi*** 'to await, to wait and see'
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***taḫušiya-*** 'to keep silent/quiet (?)'

***tuḫḫuwai- / tuḫḫui-*** (c.) 'smoke' (Akk. *qú-ut-ra*)
**LÚ*duyanalli-*** (c.) 'second in rank'
***tuk*** → *zīk / tu-* 'you (sg.)'
***tukk-āri*** 'to be visible, to be seen; to be important'
**Derivative:**+ ***tukkēšš-zi*** 'to become important (?)'

***tuliya-*** (c.) 'gathering, assembly'
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***tūliyašša/i-*** (adj.) 'belonging to the assembly'

***-ttuma*** (2pl. pres. midd. ending) → *-ttuma(ri)*, *-ttumat(i)* (2pl. midd. endings)
**É*tūmantiyatt-*** (c.) a kind of building, 'ear-building (?)'
***-ttuma(ri)*,** ***-ttumat(i)*** (2pl. midd. endings)
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***-(d)duwar(i)*** (2pl. midd. pres. ending)

***: dūr / dūn-*** (n.) 'urine'
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. **\**dūr / dūn-*** (n.) 'urine'

**GIŠ*tūri-*** (n./c.) 'spear, lance' (Sum. GIŠŠUKUR)
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- **GIŠ*tūra/i-*** (c.) stick or weapon
- ***tūrā-*** 'to use the *tūra/i-*'

***tūriye/a-zi*** 'to harness'
***tušk(iye/a)-zi*** 'to be happy, to entertain (oneself), to play'
**Derivatives:**+ ***tuškari-*** 'happiness'
+ ***tuškaratt-*** (c.) 'happiness, entertainment'
+ ***dušganu-zi*** 'to make happy'
+ ***duškaratar / duškarann-*** (n.) 'happiness'
+ ***dušgariyatar / dušgariyann-*** (n.) 'happiness'
+ ***dušgarauwant-*** (adj.) 'happy, glad'

**MUNUS*duttariyata/i-*** (c.) a female functionary
* **TÚL*Duwattarina-*** '?'

**Anat. cognates:**+ HLuw. ***tuwatra/i-*** 'daughter'
+ Lyc. ***kbatra-*** 'daughter'

***tūwa*** (adv.) 'far'
**Derivatives:**+ ***tuwān*** (adv.) 'to this side'
- ***tuwān … tuwān*** 'to this side … to that side'

+ ***tuwānta*** (adv.) 'to this side'
+ ***tūwaz*** (adv.) 'from afar'
+ ***tūwala-*** (adj.) 'far'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***dūwaza-*** (adj.) 'wide (?)'

***duwarni-zi / duwarn-*** 'to break (something); (midd.) to break (intr.)'
***tuzzi-*** (c.) 'army, military forces; military camp' (Sum. ERINMEŠ)
**Derivatives:**+ ***tuzziyant-*** (c.) 'army'
+ ***tuzziye/a-zi*** 'to encamp'
+ ***tuzziyašeššar*** (n.) 'army(camp) (?)'
+ **NINDA*tuzzi-*** (c.) 'soldier-bread'

U

***u-*** (preverb.) 'hither'
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***aw-*** (in *awi-* (CLuw. cognate of *we-zi / uwa-*) 'to come')
+ HLuw. ***áw-*** (in *áwi-* (HLuw. cognate of *we-zi / uwa-*) 'to come')

***u-*** → *au-i / u-* 'to see, to look'
***-u*** (3sg. imp. act. ending of the *ḫi*-inflection)
**GIŠ*ueššar*** → GIŠ*wieššar* a tree or its wood
***uye-zi / uy-*** 'to send (here)'
***ūk / amm-*** (pers. pron. 1sg.) 'I, me'
**Derivatives:**+ ***ukel*** 'I, myself'
+ ***ukila*** 'I, myself'

**Anat. cognates:**+ HLuw.
- ***ámu*** 'I, me'
- ***áma/i-*** (adj.) 'my'

+ Lyd.
- ***amu*** 'I, me'
- ***ẽmi-*** 'my'

+ Lyc.
- ***ẽmu*** 'I, me'
- ***ẽmi-*** 'my'

***ukila*** (derivative of *ūk / amm-*) 'I, myself'
***uktūri-*** (adj.) 'firm, steady, constant, eternal' (Sum. SAG.UŠ)
**Derivatives:**+ ***uktūri*** (adv.) 'firm, steady, constant, eternal'
+ ***uktūri-*** (gender unclear) 'cremation site'

***ulae-zi*** 'to hide, to sneak away'
**Derivative:**+ ***ulēšš-zi*** 'id.'

***ulkiššara-*,** ***walkiššara-*** (adj.) 'skilled, experienced, able'
**Derivative:**+ ***ulkiššaraḫḫ-i*,** ***walkiššaraḫḫ-i*** 'to make perfectly, to depict perfectly'

***-umen- / -umn-*** (suffix of appurtenance) 'coming from …, pertaining to …'
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***-wann(i)-***
+ HLuw. ***-wan(i)-***
+ Lyc. ***-ñne/i-***
+ Mil. ***-wñni-***

***ummiyant-*** (adj.) describing 'birds'
***umiye/a-zi*** → *wemiye/a-zi* 'to find'
***-un*** → *-(n)un* (1sg. pret. act. ending of the *mi*-inflection)
***ūnna-i / ūnni-*** 'to send (here), to drive (here)'
***unattalla-*** (c.) 'merchant' (Sum. LÚDAM.GÀR)
***ū(n)ḫ-zi*** '?'
***uni*** → *aši / uni / ini* 'that (one)'
***unu-zi*** 'to adorn, to decorate, to lay (the table)'
**Derivative:**+ ***unuwašḫa-*** (c.) 'decoration, adornment'

***ūpp-zi*** 'to come up (of the sun)'
***uppa-i / uppi-*** 'to send (here)'
**Derivative:**+ ***uppieššar / uppiešn-*** (n.) 'sending, gift'

***upāti-*** (n.) 'land grant'
**Derivative:**+ **(LÚ)*upatitalla-*** '?'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***upa-*** 'to furnish, to grant (?)'
+ HLuw. ***upatit-*** 'territory'

***ur-āri*,** ***war-āri*** 'to burn (intr.), to be burned' (Sum. BIL)
**Derivatives:**+ ***warnu-zi*** 'to kindle, to set fire to'
+ ***uriwarant-*** (adj.) 'burning'
+ → *: uranae-zi* 'to bring a fire-offering'

***ūrr-*** → *ūrr(iye/a)-* '?'
**GIŠ*ura-*** → GIŠ*wera-*, *ura-* 'plate, tray'
***urayanni-*,** ***uriyanni-*MUŠEN** (c.) an oracle bird
**LÚ*urayanni-*** → LÚ*uriyanni-*, *urayanni-* a functionary
**LÚ*uralla-*** (c.) 'horse-trainer'
**Derivative:**+ **LÚ*urallatar / urallann-*** (n.) 'profession of horse-trainer'

***: uranae-zi*** 'to bring a fire-offering'
**LÚ*uriyanni-*,** ***urayanni-*** a functionary
***uriyanni-*MUŠEN** → *urayanni-*, *uriyanni-*MUŠEN an oracle bird
***ūrr(iye/a)-*** '?'
***uriwarant-*** (derivative of *ur-āri*, *war-āri*) 'burning'
***ūrki-*** (c.) 'trace, track, trail'
**Derivative:**+ ***urkiyae-zi*,** ***urkiye/a-zi*** 'to track down'

***ūrta-*** (c.) 'disease (?)' or a disease
***-uš*** (acc. pl. c. ending)
***uššaniye/a-zi*** → *ušniye/a-zi* 'to put up for sale'
***ušantari- / ušantarai-*** (Luw. adj.) 'bringing gains, bringing blessings'
**Derivative:**+ ***ušantara-i*** '?'
- HLuw. **(BONUS)*usnu(wa)-*** 'to bless'
- **(BONUS)*wasu-*** 'good'

***ušiye/a-zi*** → *wešiye/a-tta(ri)* (derivative of *weši- / wešai-*) 'to pasture (trans.); to pasture (intr.), to graze'
***ūššiye/a-zi*** 'to draw open (of curtains)'
***ušniye/a-zi*** 'to put up for sale'
***uštul-*,** ***waštul-*** (n.) 'sin, offense'
**Derivatives:**+ ***wašdulae-zi*** 'to offend'
+ ***wašdulawant-*** 'offense'

***uda-i / ud-*** 'to bring (here), to bring (over)'
***uttar / uddan-*** (n.) 'word, speech; thing, case; story; reason' (Sum. INIM, Akk. *AWĀTU*)
**Derivatives:**+ ***ud(da)nalliye/a-zi*** 'to speak about, to conjure, to bewitch'
+ ***uddaniye/a-zi*** 'to speak about, to conjure, to bewitch'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***utar / utn-*** (n.) 'word (?), spell (?)'

***utnē / utni-*** (n.) 'land' (Sum. KUR)
**Derivative:**+ ***utniyant-*** (c.) 'people, population'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. **\**watna-*** 'land'
+ Lyc. ***wedre/i-*** 'city (?), country (?)'

***ŠĀRU udumeni-*** (n. (?)) a wind or direction of the wind
***uwa-*** (c.) '?'
***uwa-*** → *we-zi / uwa-* **'to come'**
***uwa-*** → *au-i / u-* 'to see, to look'
***uwaḫnuwar*** (verb. noun form of *waḫnu-zi* (derivative of *weḫ-zi* / *waḫ-*, *weḫ-a(ri)*) 'turn, lap'
**UZU*uwalla-*** → (UZU)*walla-*, *walli-* (c.) 'thigh(-bone) (?)'
***uwantiwant(a)-*** (derivative of *want-*, *wantae-*, *wantiye/a-*) 'lightning (?)'
***uwarkant-*** → *warkant-* 'fat'
***uwašta-i*** → *wašta-i / wašt-* 'to sin, to offend'
***uwate-zi / uwat-*** 'to bring (here)'
***uwiten-*** → *wātar / witēn-* 'water'
***uzuḫri-*** (c.) 'grass'
W

***⸗wa⸗*** → *⸗wa(r)⸗* (particle of direct speech)
***waḫ-*** → *weḫ-zi / waḫ-*, *weḫ-a(ri)* 'to turn (oneself); to patrol'
**[*w*]*aḫanuwammant-*** (incorrectly cited form of *marḫanuwamma-*) 'brewed (?)'
***waḫḫu-zi*** → *weḫ-zi / waḫ-*, *weḫ-a(ri)* 'to turn (oneself); to patrol'
***wai-i / wi-*** 'to cry (out)'
**Derivatives:**+ ***wiwa-i / wiwi-*** 'to cry'
+ ***wiwiškattalla-*** (c.) 'crier'

***wāk-i / wakk-*** 'to bite'
**Derivatives:**+ **NINDA*wagātaš-*** (n.), a kind of bread
+ **NINDA*wageššar / wagešn-*** (n.) a kind of bread'

**Anat. cognate:**+ Pal. ***wakk-*** 'to bite (?)'

***wakk-āri*** 'to be lacking'
***wagai-*** (c.) 'grain weevil' (Sum. UḪ.ŠE)
***wakkariye/a-zi*** 'to rebel against, to revolt against'
**Derivative:**+ ***wakkareššar / wakkarešn-*** (n.) 'rebellion (?)'

***wak(ki)šiye/a-zi*** 'to be lacking'
**Derivatives:**+ ***waggašnu-zi*** 'to leave out'
+ ***wakšiyanu-zi*** 'to deny a person of something'

**DUG/URUDU*wakšur*** (n.) a vessel; a cubic measure; a time unit
***waktūri-*** → *uktūri-* 'firm, steady, constant, eternal'
**(UZU)*walla-*,** ***walli-*** (c.) 'thigh(-bone) (?)'
***walla/i-*** 'to praise, to honour; (with *⸗z*) to boast, to brag'
***walaḫḫ-zi*** → *walḫ-zi* 'to hit, to strike'
***walaḫḫi-*** → *walḫi-* a beverage used in cult
***wallanu-zi*** 'to erase (?)'
***walḫ-zi*** 'to hit, to strike' (Sum. GUL, RA)
**Derivatives:**+ ***walḫanna-i / walḫanni-*** 'to hit, to strike (impf.)'
+ ***walḫeššar / walḫešn-*** (n.) 'strike, blow'

***walḫi-*** (n.) a beverage used in cult
**Derivative:**+ **LÚ*walaḫḫiyala-*** (c.) a kitchen servant

***walḫuwant-*** (adj.) 'uncultivated (?)'
***walli-*** (adj.) 'shaven (?), depilated, smooth'
***walli- (?)*** 'pride (?)'
***walli-*** → (UZU)*walla-*, *walli-* 'thigh(-bone) (?)'
***walliyatar / walliyann-*** (n.) '(song of) praise'
***walliwalliya-*** (adj.) describing 'winds' and epithet of Ištar; 'quick (?)'
***walk(iye/a)-zi*** '?'
**Derivative:**+ ***walganu-zi*** '?'

***walkiššara-*** → *ulkiššara-*, *walkiššara-* 'skilled, experienced, able'
***walkuwa-*** (n.) something negative
***walluške/a-zi*** 'to pray to (?), to ask (of a deity) (?)'
***wālula-*** (c.) 'pupil (?)'
***: walwayalla-*** (gender unclear) 'evil gossip (?)'
***-wan*** (supine suffix)
***-wani*** (1pl. pres. act. ending) → *-weni / -wani*; *-wen* (1pl. act. ending)
***want-*,** ***wantae-*,** ***wantiye/a-*** 'to glow, to light (of lightning)'
**Derivatives:**+ ***wantēšš-zi*** 'to become glowing (?)'
+ ***wantēma-*,** ***wantewantema-*** (c.) 'glowing (of the sun), lightning'
+ ***uwantiwant(a)-*** 'lightning (?); radiation of the sun (?)'

**NINDA*wantīli-*** (c.) a kind of bread
***wannum(m)iya-*** (adj. from original noun) 'orphaned (child), widowed (woman)'
**MUL*wanup(p)aštal(l)a/i-*** (c.) 'morning star (?), comete (?), falling star (?)'
***-wanzi*** (inf. I suffix)
***wappiye/a-zi*** 'to bark'
* (expression) **LÚ.MEŠUR.GI7 *wappiyanzi*** 'the dog-men bark'

***wappu- / wappaw-*** (c.) 'river bank'
**UZU*wappuzzi-*** (scribal error for UZU*appuzzi-*) 'animal fat, tallow'
***war-āri*** → *ur-āri*, *war-āri* 'to burn (intr.), to be burned'
***⸗wa(r)⸗*** (particle of direct speech)
**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***⸗war⸗*** (particle of direct speech (?))
+ CLuw. ***⸗wa*** (sentence initial particle)
+ HLuw. ***⸗wa⸗*** (sentence initial particle)
+ Lyc. ***⸗we*** (sentence initial particle)

***-war / -waš*** (suffix of verb. noun)
***warašḫ-*** '?'
**(GIŠ)*warašma-*** → (GIŠ)*waršma-* '(piece of) firewood'
***warawara-*** (c.) a fruit
***warḫui- / warḫuwai-*** (adj.) 'raw, rough; unshaven; leafy; covered with forest'
**Derivatives:**+ ***warḫu(wa)nu-zi*** 'to plant densely'
+ ***warḫuēšš-zi*** '?'
+ ***warḫuēššar*** (n.) 'brushwood'

***warḫuššu-, warḫušt-*** (gender unclear) '?'
**GIŠ*warḫušdu-*** (n.) an object in cult
***wari- / warai-*** (adj. (?)) describing oracle bird
***warri- / warrai-*** (adj./n.) 'helpful; help'
**Derivatives:**+ ***warrišša-i / warrišš-*** 'to help, to come to help'
+ ***(u)warra ḫalzai-i*** 'to cry for help'
+ ***warrae-zi*** 'to come to help'
+ ***warraḫitašša-*** (adj.) 'being of help'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***warraḫitašša/i-*** 'being of help'
+ HLuw. ***wariya-*** 'to help'

***wariše/i(ya)-*** (gender unclear) '?'
***warite-zi*** → *werite-zi / werit-* 'to fear, to be frightened'
***warkant-*** (adj.) 'fat'
**Derivatives:**+ ***warkēšš-zi*** 'to grow fat'
+ ***wargnu-zi*** 'to make fat'

***warkui-*** (c.) 'anger, fury (?)'
***warp-zi*** 'to wash, to bathe' (Sum. ŠE.NAGA)
**Derivatives:**+ ***warpa-*** (n.) '?'
+ **GIŠDÍLIM *warpašī-*** (c.), a certain bowl (for washing (?))
+ ***warpuzi-*** (n.), object used by bathing (?)

***warpa-*** (n.) 'enclosure'
* ***warpi tiyant-*** 'fenced-in, enclosed; put in enclosure (?)'
* ***warpa dai-i*** 'to enclose'

**Derivatives:**+ ***warpae-zi*** 'to suppress, to conquer'
+ ***warpa/ilae-zi*** 'to surround (?)'

***warpalli-*** (adj.) 'strong, great'
**Anat. cognates:**+ HLuw.
- ***warpali-*** 'brave; strong, great'
- ***warpa/i-*** 'craft, skill, knowledge'
- ***warpasali-*** (adj.) 'craft-'

***warpan(n)ala-*** (adj.) describing sacrificed sheep
***warpiye/a-zi*** → *warp-zi* 'to wash, to bathe'
***warš-i*** 'to reap, to harvest, to wipe'
**Derivative:**+ ***wawarš-*** 'id.'

***warš-tta(ri)*,** ***waršiye/a-zi*** 'to lift (oneself); to refresh, to regain one’s strength; (+ ZI 'spirit, soul') to lift the spirit > to reconcile, to pull oneself together, to get a grip'
**Derivative:**+ ***warš(iya)nu-zi*** 'to make (someone) pull oneself together; to refresh (trans.)'

***warša-*** (c.) 'fog, mist'
**(GIŠ)*waršama-*** → (GIŠ)*waršma-* '(piece of) firewood'
***waršḫa-*** → *warašḫ-* '?'
***waršiyatt-*** (c.) 'reconciliation (?)'
**Derivative:**+ ***waršiyatar*** (n.) 'reconciliation'

***waršiye/a-zi*** → *warš-tta(ri)*, *waršiye/a-zi* 'to lift (oneself); to refresh, to regain one’s strength; (+ ZI 'spirit, soul') to lift the spirit > to reconcile, to pull oneself together, to get a grip'
***waršiye/a-zi*** 'to produce *waršula-*; dissolve into *waršula-*'
**(GIŠ)*waršma-*** (c.) '(piece of) firewood'
***waršula-*** (c./n.) 'fume, haze, vapour'
***wart-*** 'to plaid together'
***-wartanna*** 'for … laps'
**(GIŠ)*warduli-*** (c.) a kind of plant (?)
***: war(ru)walan-*** (n.) 'seed, progeny' (Sum. NUMUN)
***wāš-i*** 'to buy'
***wašš-zi*** → *wešš-tta*; *wašše/a-zi* '(midd. intr.) to be dressed, to be covered; (midd. + acc.) to wear (something); (act. (+ *⸗z*) + acc.) to put on (something); (act. + acc. + dat.) to put something on on someone; (act. + acc. (+ instr.)) to clothe someone (with something), to cover someone or something (with something); (act. + *⸗z*) to clothe (oneself), to be dressed; (act. + *anda*) to cover (horses)'
***wašḫar*** (n.) 'onion (?)' (Sum. SUMSAR (?))
***wašši-*** (n.) '(ingredients of) medicine'
***wāšiye/a-zi*** → *wāš-i* 'to buy'
***waššiye/a-zi*** → *wešš-tta*; *wašše/a-zi* '(midd. intr.) to be dressed, to be covered; (midd. + acc.) to wear (something); (act. (+ *⸗z*) + acc.) to put on (something); (act. + acc. + dat.) to put something on on someone; (act. + acc. (+ instr.)) to clothe someone (with something), to cover someone or something (with something); (act. + *⸗z*) to clothe (oneself), to be dressed; (act. + *anda*) to cover (horses)'
***wašku(i)-*** (c.) 'offense, sin'
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***waškuit-*** (n.) 'offense'
- ***wašku(wa)llimma/i-*** (adj.) 'sinful'

**(TÚG)*wašpa-*** (c.) 'clothing' (Sum. TÚG(?))
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***wašpant-*** 'wearing shrouds (?)'

***wašta-i / wašt-*** 'to sin, to offend'
**Derivatives:**+ ***waštanu-zi*** 'to make into a sin, to regard as an offense'
+ ***waštaḫḫ-i*** 'to sin, to offend' (impf.)
+ ***waštai-*** (c.) 'sin, offense'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***wašta-*** (n.) 'sin'

***-wašta(ri)*,** ***-waštat(i)*** (1pl. midd. endings)
***waštul-*** → *uštul-*, *waštul-* 'sin, offense'
***wattai-*** (c.) 'bird' (Sum. MUŠEN)
***wātar / witēn-*** (n.) 'water' (Sum. A, Akk. *MÛ*, *MÊ*)
**Derivative:**+ → *wida-* 'water'

***wattariye/a-tta(ri)*** '?'
**NINDA*watarmašši-*** (c.) a kind of bread
***wātarnaḫḫ-i*** 'to order, to instruct'
**Derivative:**+ ***watarnaḫḫa-*** 'message, instruction'

***wat(ta)ru-*** (n.) 'well, source' (Sum. TÚL)
***watku-zi*** 'to jump (out of), to flee'
**Derivative:**+ ***watkunu-zi*** 'to make jump, to make flee'

**GIŠ*wawarkima-*** (c.) object in which the door-axle is fixed and turns
***we-zi / uwa-*** 'to come'
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***awi-*** 'to come'
+ HLuw. ***áwi-*** 'to come'

***weḫ-zi / waḫ-*,** ***weḫ-a(ri)*** 'to turn (oneself); to patrol'
**Derivatives:**+ ***waḫātar / waḫann-*,** ***weḫātar / weḫann-*** (n.) 'turning'
+ ***waḫnu-zi*** 'to make turn, to turn (someone)'
+ **LÚ*weḫešgattalla-*** (c.) 'patrol'

***wekk-zi*** 'to wish, to desire, to ask for' (Sum. IR)
**Derivative:**+ → *wewakk-i* 'to demand, to ask'

***wēlku-*** (n.) 'grass, vegetation' (Sum. Ú(ḪI.A))
***wellu-*** (n. > c.) 'pasture, meadow' (Sum. Ú.SAL, Akk. *USALLU*)
***wemiye/a-zi*** 'to find' (Sum. KAR)
**Anat. cognate:**+ HLuw. ***wa/imi-*** 'to find'

***wen-zi / uwan-*** 'to copulate'
***-weni / -wani*;** ***-wen*** (1pl. act. ending)
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***-unni*** (1pl. pres. act. ending)
+ Lyd. ***-wν*** (1pl. pres. act. ending)

***wentiye/a-zi*** '?'
***wep-zi*** 'to weave (?)'
**Derivative:**+ ***wepa-*** (c.) 'woven fabric (?)'

**GIŠ*wera-*,** ***ura-*** (c./n.) 'plate, tray'
***wer(iye/a)-zi*** 'to call, to name, to summon'
**Derivatives:**+ ***weriyanna-i / weriyanni-*** 'id.'
+ → *⸗wa(r)⸗* (particle of direct speech)
+ → *werite-zi / werit-* 'to fear, to be frightened'

**Anat. cognate:**+ Pal. ***wer-*** 'to say, to call'

***werite-zi / werit-*** 'to fear, to be frightened'
**Derivatives:**+ ***weritema-*** (c.) 'fear, fright'
+ ***weritēšš-zi*** 'to fear, to be frightened'
+ ***weritanu-zi*,** ***weritenu-zi*** 'to scare'

***wēš / anz-*** (pers. pron. 1pl.) 'we, us'
**Derivative:**+ → *⸗nnaš* '(to) us, our'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***ānza*** 'we, us'
+ HLuw. ***anz-*** 'we, us'
- ***a(n)zi*** 'our'

***wešš-tta*;** ***wašše/a-zi*** '(midd. intr.) to be dressed, to be covered; (midd. + acc.) to wear (something); (act. (+ *⸗z*) + acc.) to put on (something); (act. + acc. + dat.) to put something on on someone; (act. + acc. (+ instr.)) to clothe someone (with something), to cover someone or something (with something); (act. + *⸗z*) to clothe (oneself), to be dressed; (act. + *anda*) to cover (horses)'
**Derivative:**+ → (TÚG)*wašpa-* 'clothing'

**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***wašš-*** 'to wear'

**GIŠ*weššar*** → GIŠ*wieššar* a tree or its wood
***weši- / wešai-*** (c.) 'pasture'
**Derivative:**+ ***wešiye/a-tta(ri)*** 'to pasture (trans.); to pasture (intr.), to graze'
+ → *wēštara-* 'herd'

***weššiye/a-zi*** → *wešš-tta*; *wašše/a-zi* '(midd. intr.) to be dressed, to be covered; (midd. + acc.) to wear (something); (act. (+ *⸗z*) + acc.) to put on (something); (act. + acc. + dat.) to put something on on someone; (act. + acc. (+ instr.)) to clothe someone (with something), to cover someone or something (with something); (act. + *⸗z*) to clothe (oneself), to be dressed; (act. + *anda*) to cover (horses)'
***wēštara-*** (c.) 'herd' (Sum. LÚSIPA)
**Derivative:**+ → *weši- / wešai-* 'pasture'

***wešuriye/a-zi*** → *wišuriye/a-zi* '(act.) to press (together), to be pressing, to be difficult;
to tie up, to suffocate (trans.); (midd.) to suffocate (intr.); to be tied up'
***wešuwae-zi*** '?'
***wett-*** → *witt-* 'year'
***weda-i*** → *wedae-zi* 'to bring (here)'
***weda-i*** → *wete-zi / wet-* 'to build'
***wedae-zi*** 'to bring (here)'
***wete-zi / wet-*** 'to build'
**Derivative:**+ ***wetumeššar / wetumešn-*** (n.) 'building'

**Anat. cognates:**+ Lyd.
- ***wic-*** 'to build, to erect'
- ***dawic-*** 'to erect'

***wewakk-i*** 'to demand, to ask'
***wez(za)pant-*** → *wizzapant-*, *wez(za)pant-* 'old, grown old'
***wi*** (interjection) 'whee'
***wiyae-zi*** → *wai-i / wi-* 'to cry (out)'
***wiyan-*** (c.) 'wine' (Sum. GEŠTIN, Akk. *KARĀNU*)
**Derivative:**+ **(d)*Winiyant-*** (c.) 'wine (deified)'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***winiya-*** (adj.) 'of wine'
+ HLuw. ***wiyan(i)-*,** ***win(i)-*** (c.) 'vine'

***wiye/a-zi*** → *wai-i / wi-* 'to cry (out)'
***wiye/a-zi*** → *uye-zi / uy-* 'to send (here)'
**GIŠ*wieššar*** (n.) a tree or its wood
***wil(a/i)n-*** (c.) 'clay' (Sum. IM)
***wimiye/a-zi*** → *wemiye/a-zi* 'to find'
**NINDA*wīšta-*** some kind of bread
**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***wīšta-*** (c.) a kind of bread
+ CLuw.
- **NINDA*wištatnimma/i-*** (c.) a kind of bread
- **d*Wīštašša/i-*** (c.) 'god of the *wišta*-bread'

***wišuriye/a-zi*** '(act.) to press (together), to be pressing, to be difficult; to tie up, to suffocate (trans.); (midd.) to suffocate (intr.); to be tied up'
**Derivative:**+ ***wešuriškattala-*** (c.) 'presser'

***wit-*** → *wida-* 'water'
***witt-*** (c.) 'year' (Sum. MU(KAM))
**Derivatives:**+ **\**wittant-*** (c.) 'year'
+ ***wettandātar / wettandann-*** (n.) 'period of a year'
+ **\**wittili*** (adv.) 'annually'

**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw. ***ušša/i-*** (c.) 'year'
+ HLuw.
- ***usa/i-*** (c.) 'year'
- ***usalinza-*** (adj.) 'annual'
- ***usali-*** (adj.) 'annual'

+ Lyc.
- ***uhe/i-*** 'year'
- ***uhazata-*** 'yearly tribute'

***wida-*** (gender unclear) 'water'
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***wida-*** 'wet'

***wida-*** → *wedae-zi* 'to bring (here)'
***wida-*** → *wete-zi / wet-* 'to build'
***wite-*** → *wete-zi / wet-* 'to build'
***witēn-*** → *wātar / witēn-* 'water'
***witriš-*** (n.) a disease of bone and skin?
***wiwa-i / wiwi-*** → *wai-i / wi-* 'to cry (out)'
***wizzapant-*,** ***wez(za)pant-*** (adj.) 'old, grown old'
Z

***-z*** → *-(ā)z* (abl. ending)
***⸗z*** (enclitic reflexive particle)
**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***⸗ti⸗ (?)*** (reflexive particle (?))
+ CLuw. ***⸗ti*** (reflexive particle)
+ HLuw. ***⸗ti*,** ***⸗ri*** (reflexive pron. 3sg.)
+ Lyc. ***⸗ti*** (reflexive particle)

***-za*** → *-(ā)z* (abl. ending)
***-za*** → *-zi* (3sg. pres. act. ending of the *mi*-inflection)
***zāḫ-i / zaḫḫ-*** 'to hit, to beat'
**Derivatives:**+ → *zaḫḫai- / zaḫḫi-* 'battle, war'
+ → GIŠ*zaḫrai-* 'knocker (?)'
+ → *zaḫḫurae-zi* 'to break, to crush'

***zaḫa-*** (n.) object of silver or gold, used in cultus
***zaḫḫai- / zaḫḫi-*** (c.) 'battle, war' (Sum. MÈ)
**Derivatives:**+ ***zaḫḫiye/a-zi*** 'to battle (someone)'
+ ***zaḫzaḫḫiye/a-zi*** 'to battle fiercely'

***zaḫanettienna-*** (adj.?) '?'
**GIŠ*zaḫarti-*** → (GIŠ)*zaḫurti-* some chair or couch
***zaḫḫel(i)-*** (n.) 'weeds'
**GIŠ*zaḫrai-*** (c.) 'knocker (?)'
***zaḫḫurae-zi*** 'to break, to crush'
**(GIŠ)*zaḫurti-*** some chair or couch
***zai-i / zi-*** 'to cross, to cross over'
**Derivative:**+ ***zinu-zi*,** ***zainu-zi*** 'to make cross'

***zakkar*** → *šakkar*, *zakkar / šakn-* 'excrement, dung, faeces'
**(URUDU/GIŠ)*zakki-*** (c.) 'bolt' (Sum. MUD)
***zalla-*** (gender unknown) 'trot'
**Anat. cognate:**+ CLuw. ***zallauwar*** (n.) 'gait, driving'

**(DUG)*zalḫāi-*** (n.) vessel used in rituals
***zaluknu-zi*** 'to postpone, to delay'
**Derivative:**+ ***zalukēšš-zi*** 'to take long'

**GIŠ*zaluwani-*** (c.) 'plate (vel sim.)'
***zama(n)kur*** (n.) 'beard'
**Derivative:**+ ***šamankurwant-*** (adj.) 'bearded'

***zamna/i-*** (unclear) '?'
***(:) zammurae-zi*** 'to insult, to slander'
**Anat. cognates:**+ CLuw.
- ***zammurai-*** (n.) 'insult, slander'
- ***zammuratt(i)-*** (c.) 'insult, slander'

***zankila-i / zankil-*** 'to fine, to punish'
**Derivative:**+ ***zankilatar / zankilann-*** (n.) 'penalty, fine'

***zanu-zi*** (derivative of *zē-a(ri) / z-*) 'to cook (trans.)'
***zanu-zi*** (derivative of *zai-i / zi-*) 'to make cross'
***zappiye/a-zi*** '(act.) to drop, to drip; (midd.) to leak'
**Derivatives:**+ ***zappi-*** 'leak'
***zapnu-zi*** 'to sprinkle'
***: zaršiya-*** (c.) 'safeconduct, warranty'
***zarzur-*** (n.) 'concoction'
***zašḫai-*** (derivative of *tešḫa-*) 'dream'
***zašgaraiš / zašgarišš-*** (n.) 'anus'
**(GIŠ)*zāu*** some kind of container, vessel or plate
***zazḫai-*** (derivative of *tešḫa-*) 'dream'
***zē-a(ri) / z-*** 'to cook (intr.), to be cooked'
**Derivative:**+ ***zanu-zi*** 'to cook (trans.)'

***ze(y)a-*** → *zē-a(ri) / z-* 'to cook (intr.), to be cooked'
***zēna-*** (gender unknown) 'autumn'
**Derivative:**+ ***zēnant-*** (c.) 'autumn'

***zenna-*** → *zinni-zi / zinn-* '(act.) to stop, to finish, to be ready with; to destroy; (midd.) to go to the end'
***zenni-*** → *zinni-zi / zinn-* '(act.) to stop, to finish, to be ready with; to destroy; (midd.) to go to the end'
***-zepa-*** (functioning as suffix that makes female deifications of the basic word) → (f)*tagānzepa-* 'earth; goddess of the earth'
***zēri-*** (n.) 'cup' (Sum. DUGGAL)
**Derivative:**+ **(GIŠ)*zeriyalli-*** (n.) 'cup-holder'

***-zi*** (3sg. pres. act. ending of the *mi*-inflection)
**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***-ti*,** ***-tti*,** ***-ti*** (3sg. pres. act. ending)
+ CLuw. ***-ti*,** ***-tti*,** ***-ti*** (3sg.pres.act. ending)
+ HLuw. ***-ti*,** ***-ri*** (3sg. pres. act. ending)
+ Lyc. ***-ti*,** ***-di*** (3sg.pres.act. ending)

***ziya-*** → *zē-a(ri) / z-* 'to cook (intr.), to be cooked'
***-zzi(ya)-*** → *-(e)zzi(ya)-* (adjectival suffix)
***zīk / tu-*** (pers. pron. 2sg.) 'you (sg.)'
**Derivative:**+ ***zikila*** 'you yourself'

**Anat. cognates:**+ Pal. ***tī / tū*** 'you (sg.)'
+ CLuw. ***tī*** 'you (sg.)'
+ HLuw. ***ti / tu*** 'you (sg.)'

***zik(k)e/a-zi*** (impf. of *dai-i / ti-*) 'to lay, to put, to place'
***zinna-*** → *zinni-zi / zinn-* '(act.) to stop, to finish, to be ready with; to destroy; (midd.) to go to the end'
***zinail-*** (n.) a food-stuff
***zinakki-*** (c.) a plant(-product)
***zinni-zi / zinn-*** '(act.) to stop, to finish, to be ready with; to destroy; (midd.) to go to the end'
**MUNUS*zintuḫi-*** (c.) 'girl' (Sum. MUNUSKI.SIKIL)
***zinu-zi / zinn-*** (derivative of *zai-i / zi-*) 'to make cross'
***zinnuk*** '?'
***-zipa-*** (functioning as suffix that makes female deifications of the basic word) → (f)*tagānzepa-* 'earth; goddess of the earth'
***zipat*,** ***zipattan(n)i*** (uninfl.) a small measure unit, especially for food
***zizzaḫi-*** (c.) Hurrian term, denoting some ritual beverage
***zizzipanti-*SAR** (c.) a herb
**Ú*zuḫri-*** → *uzuḫri-* 'grass'
***: zūwa-*** (c.) 'bread, food' (Sum. NINDA)
**Derivative:**+ → *zuwae-zi* '?'

***zuwae-zi*** '?'