Aqaniiskiën (Aqin language)

Aqaniiskiën or more commonly known as Aqinska is a language spoken by the indigenous peoples of Northern Aqaniiska in North west Achia. It is part of the Great Rapharo-west achian language family which includes several other indigenous languages. It was first spoken around 200 TE with the first tribes settling the area.

## Spelling and phonology

### **Consonants**

**Consonant inventory**: c j k l m n p q r s t w ŋ ʔ

### Vowels

**Vowel inventory**: a e i o u

 High-mid
 Low

Spelling rules
 ŋ
 c
 ʔ

## Grammar

### Nouns

Nouns have seven cases:

* **Nominative** is the doer of a verb: **dog** bites man.
* **Accusative** is the done-to of a verb: man bites **dog**.
* **Genitive** is the possessor of something: **dog’s** tail hits man.
* **Dative** is the recipient of something: man gives ball **to dog**.
* **Locative** is the location of something: man is **in town**.
* **Ablative** is movement away from something: man walks **from town**.
* **Instrumental** is the use of something: man writes **with (using) pen**.

Nouns have both a plural affix and ‘paucal’ affix for referring to a few of something.

ralche /ˈralce/
 **Accusative** | If ends with vowel: Suffix -stu
Else: Suffix -ostu
ralchestu /ˈralcestu/
 **Genitive** | If ends with vowel: Suffix -r
Else: Suffix -ir
ralcher /ˈralcer/
 **Dative** | If ends with vowel: Suffix -r
Else: Suffix -er
ralcher /ˈralcer/
 **Locative** | Suffix -o
ralcheo /ˈralceo/
 **Ablative** | Suffix -a
ralchea /ˈralcea/
 **Instrumental** | If ends with vowel: Suffix -l
Else: Suffix -ul
ralchel /ˈralcel/
with/using dog

ralche /ˈralce/
the dog
ralcheu /ˈralceu/
 **Plural** | Suffix -as
ralcheas /ˈralceas/
the dogs
Else: Suffix -emu
ralchemu /ˈralcemu/
 **Paucal** | Suffix -o
ralcheo /ˈralceo/
the few dogs
Else: Suffix -iq
ralcheq /ˈralceq/
a/some few dogs

### Articles

Aqaniiskiën encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.

### Possessive determiners

 **2nd singular** | me /me/
 **3rd singular masc** | i /i/
 **3rd singular fem** | ne /ne/
 **1st plural inclusive** | ri /ri/
 **1st plural exclusive** | mu /mu/
 **2nd plural** | kal /kal/
 **3rd plural** | ping /piŋ/
their

### Verbs

Paesyoian uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

nu qich /nu qic/
will learn

qich /qic/
 **Past** | Suffix -im
qichim /ˈqicim/
 **Remote past** | Suffix -op
qichop /ˈqicop/
learned (long ago)

### Progressive aspect

The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as *I am learning*.

Paesyoian uses a standalone particle word for progressive:

pu qich /pu qic/
is learning

Habitual aspect

The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as *I learn (something new every day)*, as opposed to actions that happen once (*I learned something*).

Paesyoian uses a standalone particle word for habitual:

wak qich /wak qic/
learns

### Derivational morphology

**Adjective → adverb** = If ends with vowel: Suffix -k

Else: Suffix -ak

**Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj])** = Suffix -uŋ

**Adjective → verb (to make something [adj])** = If ends with vowel: Suffix -nli

Else: Suffix -enli

**Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun])** = Suffix -us

**Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic)** = If ends with vowel: Suffix -p

Else: Suffix -op

**Noun to verb** = Suffix -i

**Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb])** = Suffix -o

**Tending to** = If ends with vowel: Suffix -m

Else: Suffix -im

**Verb → noun (the act of [verb])** = Suffix -im

**Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge)** = If ends with vowel: Suffix -m

Else: Suffix -im

**One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter)** = If ends with vowel: Suffix -m

Else: Suffix -im

**Place of (e.g. wine → winery)** = If ends with vowel: Suffix -s

Else: Suffix -is

**Diminutive** = Suffix -ok

**Augmentative** = Suffix -o

## Number system

**Numbers**Gwalharan has a base 10 number system
* 2 - chon
* 3 - iq
* 4 - ko
* 5 - char
* 6 - u
* 7 - kanto
* 8 - wu
* 9 - itpu
* 10 - ri
* 100 - wap
* 1000 - ras

## Dictionary

**The dictionary** Key: spelling /pronunciation/ part of speech. definition(s)
* ake /ˈake/ adj. specific, definite, particular, distinct
* alʻaung /ˈalʔauŋ/ n. perfection
* amiq /ˈamiq/ n. cork, plug
* an ruo /an ˈruo/ n. semen
* anring /ˈanriŋ/ n. skirt
* ap /ap/ n. need
* arma /ˈarma/ n. instrument, equipment, device, apparatus, gadget, accessory, fixture
* asponim /ˈasponim/ n. judge
* atrang /ˈatraŋ/ n. volume
* ayti /ˈajti/ n. bee
* chak /cak/ n. cut
* chalwo /ˈcalwo/ det. every, each
* chanra /ˈcanra/ n. diamond
* charme /ˈcarme/ adj. brown
* chatnik /ˈcatnik/ v. suggest, hint, imply, remind
* chaykatpil /ˈcajkatpil/ v. collect, deposit, accumulate, compile
* cheim /ˈceim/ n. permission
* chelqe /ˈcelqe/ n. prostitute
* chepak /ˈcepak/ adj. fine (okay)
* cheyruʻu /ˈcejruʔu/ n. offer
* chilqa /ˈcilqa/ n. experiment
* chinlu /ˈcinlu/ adj. gentle
* chir /cir/ v. be (temporary state)
* chiti /ˈciti/ n. scissors
* chiyro /ˈcijro/ v. drown
* cholqa /ˈcolqa/ n. cloth, fabric, textile, linen, rag
* chosi /ˈcosi/ v. interrupt, interfere
* chuʻe /ˈcuʔe/ n. gender
* chulʻekim /ˈculʔekim/ n. existence
* chun /cun/ n. team
* chupror /ˈcupror/ v. accuse
* chuwu /ˈcuwu/ n. trap
* ekwa /ˈekwa/ v. dig, scoop
* enlip /ˈenlip/ v. matter
* eqo /ˈeqo/ adj. broken
* etcha /ˈetca/ n. average
* eyso /ˈejso/ adv. tomorrow
* iche /ˈice/ n. circle, ring, sphere, disk
* ilwilto /ˈilwilto/ n. house, home
* imsupus /ˈimsupus/ adj. confident
* ingruch /ˈiŋruc/ n. tomb
* insik /ˈinsik/ v. cook (heat food)
* iptar /ˈiptar/ n. humor
* is /is/ pron. theirs
* itnanpo /ˈitnanpo/ n. servant
* ityiwik /ˈitjiwik/ n. greed
* iyrapyo /ˈijrapjo/ n. campaign
* kakim /ˈkakim/ n. hate
* kamsa /ˈkamsa/ v. pass, cross, happen, occur
* kaq /kaq/ pron. everybody
* kaspich /ˈkaspic/ v. stab
* kasyaq /ˈkasjaq/ n. cat
* ke /ke/ pron. to her, to it (fem)
* ken /ken/ v. seek, ask (request)
* keq /keq/ v. keep (save, retain), save
* keyruk /ˈkejruk/ n. unit
* kilto /ˈkilto/ n. stem, root
* kinsu /ˈkinsu/ adj. fat, big
* kiq /kiq/ n. level (degree, stage)
* ko /ko/ num. four
* kolʻa /ˈkolʔa/ n. site
* kongruus /ˈkoŋruus/ adj. distant
* kor powsu /kor ˈpowsu/ n. rainbow
* kuk /kuk/ n. situation (circumstances, context)
* kun /kun/ v. seem, appear, imply, reveal, manifest
* kunmok /ˈkunmok/ n. sister
* kurcha /ˈkurca/ v. tear, rip
* kuysa /ˈkujsa/ n. prison, jail
* mak /mak/ v. know (a fact), comprehend
* mali /ˈmali/ v. bleed
* mamreq /ˈmamreq/ n. prey
* mankeng /ˈmankeŋ/ v. moan
* manus /ˈmanus/ adj. reasonable
* maq relim /maq ˈrelim/ n. psychologist
* maski /ˈmaski/ n. bay, cove
* masyes /ˈmasjes/ n. chain
* mawe /ˈmawe/ n. uniform, costume
* mecha /ˈmeca/ v. organize
* mel /mel/ adv. out
* menmuʻa /ˈmenmuʔa/ v. pray
* mer /mer/ v. remember
* meskis /ˈmeskis/ n. belly
* meykal /ˈmejkal/ prep. according to
* milrol /ˈmilrol/ n. file, folder, record (written account)
* minlu /ˈminlu/ adj. cold, cool (slightly cold)
* mipur am /ˈmipur am/ n. notebook
* miq /miq/ v. have, take, arrest, catch, own, possess, get, include, grab, grasp, grip, incorporate, absorb, intercept
* miso /ˈmiso/ n. roof
* moku /ˈmoku/ n. diner
* mon /mon/ adj. general
* mopto /ˈmopto/ v. refer, attribute
* mosipung /ˈmosipuŋ/ n. tension
* moyta /ˈmojta/ adj. boring
* muka /ˈmuka/ n. grandmother
* mul rerel /mul ˈrerel/ n. underwear
* mungeu /ˈmuŋeu/ v. bake
* mur /mur/ v. damage, impair
* musye /ˈmusje/ v. get, obtain
* muyka /ˈmujka/ pron. nothing
* nalem /ˈnalem/ v. act, behave
* nangsol /ˈnaŋsol/ adj. safe
* natno powu /ˈnatno ˈpowu/ n. tomorrow
* nech /nec/ n. south
* neng ne /neŋ ne/ n. gossip
* nerim /ˈnerim/ n. vendor
* ni /ni/ v. help, assist, serve, improve, relieve, refine, amend
* nim /nim/ pron. hers, its (fem)
* niqim /ˈniqim/ n. hunter
* nis /nis/ v. chase
* nitchom /ˈnitcom/ n. locksmith
* nom /nom/ n. mass
* nop /nop/ prep. for (a period of time or length of distance)
* noqi /ˈnoqi/ n. eyelash
* nu /nu/ pron. us (excluding you)
* numa /ˈnuma/ n. environment (natural world)
* nunmoq /ˈnunmoq/ adj. thick, dense
* nutap /ˈnutap/ v. wonder
* ochu /ˈocu/ n. tail
* omori /ˈomori/ adj. clean
* ongasku /ˈoŋasku/ n. boyfriend
* opwek /ˈopwek/ n. front, facade
* ormu /ˈormu/ n. flood
* osyung /ˈosjuŋ/ n. soup, broth
* oyka /ˈojka/ v. crush, grind
* pa /pa/ det. my
* pako paqtom /ˈpako ˈpaqtom/ n. appearance (looks)
* pamim /ˈpamim/ n. lawyer
* panke /ˈpanke/ v. travel, run
* pape /ˈpape/ n. hat
* par /par/ adj. same
* patich /ˈpatic/ adj. white, blank
* pawikung /ˈpawikuŋ/ n. difference
* pek qile /pek ˈqile/ n. essence
* pelti /ˈpelti/ n. nostril
* pengop /ˈpeŋop/ adj. economic
* pepyik /ˈpepjik/ v. escape, flee, dodge
* pes /pes/ pron. to her, to it (fem)
* petpumop /ˈpetpumop/ adj. religious
* pie /ˈpie/ n. west
* pilqi /ˈpilqi/ v. realize
* ping /piŋ/ adv. far, away
* piq /piq/ n. year, period (duration of time)
* pisʻim /ˈpisʔim/ n. ruler
* pok /pok/ det. all
* pongsi /ˈpoŋsi/ v. influence
* poti /ˈpoti/ n. basket
* poyyiqu /ˈpojjiqu/ conj. because
* pukek /ˈpukek/ v. plan
* pulwakim /ˈpulwakim/ n. driver
* punlum /ˈpunlum/ v. might
* puq kupu /puq ˈkupu/ n. planet
* pus /pus/ v. join, connect
* qach /qac/ n. leg, foot, lap
* qamarim /ˈqamarim/ n. teacher
* qangpam /ˈqaŋpam/ n. dancer
* qaq /qaq/ v. fall, drop, stumble
* qe /qe/ n. country (nation), state (province, country)
* qem /qem/ adv. then
* qense /ˈqense/ n. stomach, gut
* qewang /ˈqewaŋ/ conj. when
* qik /qik/ pron. with/using them
* qin /qin/ conj. until
* qiq /qiq/ n. fan
* qiwqur /ˈqiwqur/ n. scene
* qomri /ˈqomri/ n. election, referendum
* qonra /ˈqonra/ adv. somewhat, fairly, pretty
* qormik /ˈqormik/ v. change, vary
* quche /ˈquce/ n. parcel, package, bundle
* qunlu /ˈqunlu/ n. frame, hull
* quprun /ˈquprun/ adj. physical, tangible
* quyki /ˈqujki/ n. comb
* ralche /ˈralce/ n. dog
* ralcheok /ˈralceok/ n. puppy
* rangpu /ˈraŋpu/ v. keep (not return)
* raste /ˈraste/ n. transport
* rawim /ˈrawim/ n. critique
* rel /rel/ n. science
* rep /rep/ v. like, admire
* req /req/ v. frown
* retilta /ˈretilta/ v. rub, stroke, massage, wipe, spread
* rik /rik/ n. heart, life (soul)
* rinpu /ˈrinpu/ n. victim
* rir /rir/ adv. soon, now
* riyying /ˈrijjiŋ/ v. respond, answer, reply
* rok /rok/ pron. me
* romang /ˈromaŋ/ n. harbor
* romwa /ˈromwa/ adj. big, great (very large), popular
* roysu /ˈrojsu/ v. starve
* rumupochus /ˈrumuˌpocus/ adj. powerful
* ruq /ruq/ n. breakfast
* ruya /ˈruja/ n. bulb (plant root)
* ukku /ˈukku/ pron. none
* ulwa /ˈulwa/ n. pig
* umtas /ˈumtas/ n. verse, poem
* uni /ˈuni/ n. system
* up /up/ n. money, wealth
* uq ilwilto /uq ˈilwilto/ n. hospital
* usraus /ˈusraus/ adj. hungry
* uwse /ˈuwse/ interj. yes
* uyyiq /ˈujjiq/ prep. like
* walai /ˈwalai/ n. hair (of body), fur
* wamte /ˈwamte/ n. stump
* wangyu /ˈwaŋju/ n. flesh
* wapwa /ˈwapwa/ v. shake, tremble, rattle, vibrate
* watrek /ˈwatrek/ v. lift, climb, escalate
* wel /wel/ adj. normal, regular, medium
* weptu /ˈweptu/ n. shade, hue
* wi /wi/ conj. that
* wikkom /ˈwikkom/ n. sewer
* wip /wip/ v. try (test out), test
* wisyi /ˈwisji/ n. girlfriend
* wiyku /ˈwijku/ adj. internal
* wok /wok/ n. will
* wonruk /ˈwonruk/ v. describe, define
* wormasyi /ˈwormasji/ v. spit
* wuchung /ˈwucuŋ/ n. beauty
* wum /wum/ n. defense
* wunka /ˈwunka/ n. sound, voice, music
* wus /wus/ n. salt