调光控制，第一节第一部分：调光简介

## **教育学分**

At the end of this course, participants will be able to complete an online exam, with a passing grade of 70+% to qualify for CALCTP (CALCTP),

NLCAA (NLCAA) and LEU (NCQLP) credit and 80+% for LU/HSW hours (AIA/CES). Upon a passing grade, you will be able to download a Certificate

of Completion for each type of credits. For CALCTP, NLCAA and LC certification maintenance (LEUs), credits are self-reported. For AIA /CES,

Lighting Controls Association will report credit earned for this course to AIA CES.

在本课程结束后，学员将能够完成在线考试，合格率达到70％以上，即可获得CALCTP（CALCTP）资格。

NLCAA(NLCAA)和LEU(NCQLP)学分，LU/HSW学时(AIA/CES)80％以上。成绩合格后，您将能够下载证书

每种类型的学分的完成度。对于CALCTP、NLCAA和LC认证维护（LEU），学分是自我报告的。对于AIA/CES。

照明控制协会将向AIA CES报告本课程的学分。

NO ENDORSEMENT BY ACCREDITING ORGANIZATIONS

不经认证机构认可的组织

This course is registered with CALCTP, NCQLP and AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be

deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by these organizations of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling,

using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.

本课程已在CALCTP、NCQLP和AIA CES注册为继续专业教育课程。因此，本课程不包括可能是以下内容

视为或解释为这些组织对任何建筑材料或任何处理方法或方式的批准或认可。

使用、分发或处理任何材料或产品；

## **版权声明**

This presentation is protected by US and International copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written

permission of the Lighting Controls Association is prohibited.

本演示文稿受美国和国际版权法保护。未经书面许可，不得复制、分发、展示和使用本演示文稿。

禁止获得照明控制协会的许可。

## **免责声明**

The information contained in this course has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. Damages arising from errors, omissions or damages

as a result of the use or misuse of the data or information contained in this course are not the responsibility of the Lighting Controls Association,

National Electrical Manufacturers Association, ZING Communications, Inc. or their employees or members. All information contained in this course is

published for professionals seeking information about the subjects contained therein. It is not the intent of this course provide professional services

such as design, engineering or consulting. If these services are sought, they should be rendered by properly trained, registered, regulated and

insured professionals.

本课程所包含的信息是从被认为可靠的来源获得的。因错误、遗漏或损害而引起的损害。

因使用或误用本课程中的数据或信息而导致的后果，照明控制协会不承担任何责任。

或其员工或会员。本课程中包含的所有信息是

为寻求有关主题信息的专业人士出版。本课程的目的不是提供专业服务。

如设计、工程或咨询。如果寻求这些服务，则应由经过适当培训、注册、受监管的公司提供。

投保的专业人员。

## **课程说明**

Dimming is the adjustment of light output over a specified range, with an important additional

effect being a reduction in power input.

Dimming may be implemented using manual or automatic controls. Manual dimming is driven by visual/aesthetic needs and is used to achieve a

certain look, mood or visual condition. Automatic dimming, used to realize a range of strategies, is driven by energy cost savings and enables

automatic changes in light level without irritating occupants.

For a light source to be dimmed, it must be designed to be dimmable, and it must be compatible with the dimmer.

调光是指在规定的范围内调节光输出，还有一个重要的附加功能是

效果是减少输入功率。

调光可采用手动或自动控制。手动调光是由视觉/美学需求驱动的，用于实现以下效果

某种外观、情绪或视觉条件。自动调光，用于实现一系列的策略，其驱动力是节约能源成本，并能实现

在不刺激居住者的情况下，自动改变光照度。

光源要想调光，必须设计成可调光的，而且必须与调光器兼容。

Dimming Controls is a two-part series that educates participants about dimming control of electric lighting. Part 1 provides an introduction to dimming,

including dimming’s purpose and benefits, types of dimming, lighting control strategies typically enacted via dimming, and behavior of different

popular lamp types when dimmed.

## **学习目标**

At the end of the course, participants will be able to:

understand the purpose of dimming and how it can be used as a control output to enact lighting control strategies that support visual needs and/or

energy management goals.

distinguish between step and continuous dimming, and understand the pros and cons of each approach.

understand how lighting systems featuring different lamp types behave while dimmed, and consequently have appropriate expectations about results.

conceptualize dimming control for lighting projects using the knowledge and vocabulary provided in this course.

课程结束后，学员将能够

了解调光的目的，以及如何使用调光作为控制输出，以制定支持视觉需求和/或的照明控制策略。

能源管理目标。

区分阶梯式调光和连续式调光，并了解每种方法的优缺点。

了解不同类型的灯具在调光时的表现，从而对结果有适当的期望。

利用本课程提供的知识和词汇，对照明项目的调光控制进行概念化。

## **阶梯式调光**

Step dimming provides a limited choice of light levels, with one or more preset increments

between OFF and full output. Typically, there is no fade between lighting states, so while technically the approach is dimming, the visual effect is the

lights are switched to a lower state.

This approach is typically implemented for fluorescent and HID systems, using a special ballast, in spaces where a sudden light level change will not

be irritating to users, and it is desirable to achieve uniform light level reduction from the lamps without separately circuiting/ controlling alternate lamps

or luminaires.

**阶梯式调光提供了有限的光照水平选择，有一个或多个预设增量。**

**关和全输出之间。通常情况下，在照明状态之间没有淡入淡出的现象，所以虽然技术上是调光，但视觉效果是一样的。**

**灯光被切换到较低的状态。**

**这种方法通常用于荧光灯和HID系统，使用特殊的镇流器，在空间中，突然的光位变化不会导致**

**刺激用户，最好是在不单独电路/控制备用灯的情况下，实现灯的均匀光照度降低。**

**或灯具。**

***Image court'''''***e'''''***sy of Universal Lighting Technologies***

图片由通用照明技术公司提供

## **连续调光**

Continuous dimming enables users to raise and lower light levels over a specified

range, with smooth transitions between levels. This provides a higher degree of flexibility for manual dimming control driven by application needs

such as A/V presentation, mood setting and so on. It also enables light output to be automatically reduced to save energy without irritating occupants,

and is therefore the control method of choice for automatic control strategies in spaces occupied by people performing stationary tasks.

连续调光使用户能够在指定的时间内提高和降低光照水平。

范围内，并在不同级别之间平滑过渡。这为应用需求驱动的手动调光控制提供了更高的灵活性。

如A/V演示、情绪设置等。它还可以自动降低光输出，以节省能源，不刺激住户。

因此是人们执行静止任务所占空间中自动控制策略的首选控制方法。

***Image court'''''***e'''''***sy of'''''*** Lutron Electronics

图片由路创电子提供

## **调光的目的**

Dimming provides greater flexibility from the lighting system, enabling users to have more control over their lighting conditions to support visual

needs, and enabling enactment of energy management strategies that can reduce energy costs.

调光为照明系统提供了更大的灵活性，使用户能够对照明条件有更多的控制，以支持视觉效果。

需要，并促使颁布可降低能源成本的能源管理战略。

## **手动调光**

Dimming provides flexibility to select light levels required for different uses of the

space, such as mood setting in restaurants and optical viewing conditions for multimedia presentations and other uses in meeting rooms and

classrooms.

调光功能可灵活选择不同用途的光照水平。

空间，如餐厅的气氛设置和多媒体演示的光学观看条件，以及会议室和其他用途。

教室。

## **个人调光**

Occupants in private and open offices can be given the ability to select light levels based on

need or preference. In an open office, this would entail giving users control of the downlight component of dedicated overhead luminaires using a

handheld remote or slider icon on their PC, as shown in this layout. (The uplight component might be controlled in unison based on schedule,

demand response or daylight harvesting.)

私人办公室和开放式办公室的使用者可以根据以下情况选择光照度。

的需求或偏好。在开放的办公室里，这就需要让用户使用专用头顶灯具的筒灯组件来控制。

手持式遥控器或其电脑上的滑块图标，如图所示。(上光组件可能会根据计划统一控制。

需求响应或日光采集）。)

Research studies indicate that giving users the ability to select light levels results in greater job and environmental satisfaction. One office lighting

field study, conducted by the Canadian National Research Council, assessed average energy savings of 11% as an additional benefit.

***Image court'''''***e'''''***sy of'''''*** Ledalite Architectural Products

图片由Ledalite建筑产品提供

## **白天自动采光调光控制**

Daylight harvesting entails using a photosensor to monitor light levels and adjust electric light output

to maintain a target light level, saving energy.

白天自动采光调光控制需要使用光传感器监测光照水平并调整电光输出

以维持目标光照度，节约能源。

Automatic daylight harvesting dimming control is better suited for spaces where occupants work stationary tasks, luminaires are installed in the field

of view, and/or where daylight availability fluctuates frequently throughout the day.

白天自动采光调光控制更适合于居住者固定工作的空间，灯具安装在现场

视野，和/或日光的可用性在一天中频繁波动。

## **适应性补偿**

This energy management strategy involves reducing light levels at night in spaces with non-critical tasks

based on research that people prefer and need less light at night than during daytime.

这种能源管理策略包括减少夜间非关键任务空间的光照水平。

根据研究，人们喜欢和需要的夜间光线比白天少。

## **需求响应**

In this energy management strategy, the control system responds to a signal from the local

utility to reduce electric load during a grid emergency. The owner receives financial incentives such as special rates in return.

Dimming is ideally suited to demand response, as it enables lighting load reduction without turning the lights OFF.

这种能源管理策略，控制系统对来自本地的信号做出响应。

公用事业在电网紧急情况下减少电力负荷。业主可以得到经济上的奖励，如特殊费率。

调光是需求响应的理想选择，因为它可以在不关灯的情况下减少照明负荷。

## **亮度维护调光**

This energy management strategy involves using a photosensor to monitor light level and automatically compensate for lamp lumen depreciation. As

lighting systems are typically overdesigned to compensate for lamp lumen depreciation, this strategy can save energy.

For fluorescent control, lumen maintenance dimming has fallen out of favor because the lumen depreciation of today's best lamps is too small to

make it economically viable. (Closed-loop daylight dimming control includes lumen maintenance dimming as a byproduct.) For LED control, however,

it can be very useful; the controller underdrives the luminaire to deliver constant light output over its life while maximizing energy savings.

这种能源管理策略是利用光传感器监测光照水平，并自动补偿灯管的流明损耗。由于

照明系统通常设计得过多，以补偿灯管的流明折旧，这种策略可以节省能源。

对于荧光灯控制来说，流明维持调光已经不受欢迎了，因为当今最好的灯管的流明折旧率太小了，无法达到以下效果

使其在经济上可行。闭环日光调光控制包括作为副产品的流明维持调光）。然而，对于LED控制来说。

它可以非常有用；控制器对灯具进行下驱动，在其使用寿命内提供恒定的光输出，同时最大限度地节约能源。

## **光度和感知**

As lamps are dimmed, light output decreases but the human eye may perceive a higher light output and light level than is actually present. This is

because the human eye overcompensates for diminished light level by allowing more light to enter into its pupil. For example, dimming to 25%

appears to be about 50% of full light level. The effect is predictable according to the square law, which defines the theoretical relationship between

light level and perceived brightness:

Perceived Light (%) = 100 x square root (Measured Light (%)/100)

当灯管变暗时，光输出减少，但人眼可能会感觉到比实际存在的光输出和光照度高。这就是

因为人眼通过让更多的光线进入瞳孔来过度补偿光线水平的减弱。例如，将光线调暗到25

似乎是全光照度的50%左右。根据平方法则，该效果是可以预测的，它定义了理论上的以下关系

光度和感知亮度。

感知亮度(%)=100×平方根(测量亮度(%)/100)

## **光度和感知**

Other important issues related to perception involve whether users detect dimming and whether they accept it. Various organizations have studied

the threshold for when users are likely to notice the lights are being dimmed, and concluded that a 15-20% reduction in light level is undetectable by a

majority of users (Kryszgzuk and Boyce, 2001 and 2002, Shikakura et al, 2001, and Akashi and Neches, 2004).

与感知相关的其他重要问题包括用户是否检测到调光以及是否接受调光。各个机构已经研究了

用户可能注意到灯光变暗的阈值，并得出结论，光照度降低15-20%是无法被察觉的。

大多数用户（Kryszgzuk和Boyce，2001年和2002年，Shikakura等人，2001年，以及Akashi和Neches，2004年）。

## **光度和感知**

National Research Council Canada subsequently studied how far lighting could be dimmed before users 1) detected it and 2) considered it intrusive

(Newsham, 2009). The researchers found that in areas with above-average levels of daylight (HD), users were less likely to notice and were more

likely to accept deep light level reductions compared to spaces with lower-than-average daylight levels (LD) or no daylight at all (ND). This confirms

that daylight dimming is likely to be non-intrusive, while suggesting applications for demand response.

加拿大国家研究委员会随后研究了在用户1)发现它和2)认为它具有侵扰性之前，灯光可以调暗到什么程度。

Newsham，2009）。研究人员发现，在日照水平高于平均水平（HD）的地区，用户不太可能注意到，而且更多的是。

与低于平均水平的日光水平（LD）或完全没有日光（ND）的空间相比，更容易接受深层光照水平的降低。这证实了

日光调光可能不会造成干扰，同时建议应用于需求响应。

## **荧光灯/卤素灯调光(线路电压)**

Dimming of tungsten-filament incandescent lamps, including 120V halogen lamps, occurs when the lamp is operated at a voltage

lower than its rating, producing smooth, continuous dimming from 100% to 0.1%. Most dimmers use the phase control method, turning the lamps ON

and OFF 120 times per second; dimming occurs by delaying the first half of the cycle, creating a proportion of ON/OFF time that relates to a distinct

dimming level. Dimming makes incandescent lamps appear visually warmer (amber/orange), lose efficacy as the filament loses heat (while overall

saving energy), and gain in lamp life as the filament experiences less wear and tear.

钨丝白炽灯（包括120V卤素灯）在电压下工作时，会出现调光现象。

比其额定值更低，可产生从100%到0.1%的平滑、连续调光。大多数调光器使用相位控制方法，将灯管打开。

120次/秒；调光是通过延迟周期的前半部分来实现的，形成了与不同的开/关时间相关的比例。

调光等级。调光使白炽灯在视觉上看起来更暖和（琥珀色/橙色），随着灯丝失去热量而失去功效（而总体上来说，白炽灯是一个很好的选择。

节约能源），并且由于灯丝的磨损减少，灯管的寿命也会延长。

## **卤钨灯调光(低电压)**

Lo-voltage lighting can produce brilliant white illumination from a very compact source that

installs with a higher degree of safety.

Line- and low-voltage lamps may be mixed on the same dimming circuit, but only if using a low-voltage dimmer compatible with the low-voltage load

(do not use standard line-voltage dimmers with low-voltage lamps).

低压照明可以从非常紧凑的光源中产生明亮的白光照明。

安全性更高。

线路灯和低压灯可以在同一调光电路中混合使用，但必须使用与低压负载兼容的低压调光器。

请勿将标准线电压调光器用于低压灯）。

Dimming extends lamp life but may result in lamp blackening caused by tungsten evaporation; if this occurs, it is recommended to operate the lamp

at full light output for 10 minutes to eliminate most of the blackening.

调光可以延长灯管的寿命，但可能会因钨丝灯蒸发而导致灯管发黑；如果发生这种情况，建议对灯管进行操作。

在全光输出下10分钟，以消除大部分的黑化。

***Image court'''''***e'''''***sy of'''''*** Juno Lighting

图片由巨野照明提供

## **哈龙灯调光(低电压)**

The transformer may be magnetic or electronic; do not mix magnetic and electronic

变压器可以是磁式的，也可以是电子式的，不要把磁式和电子式混在一起。

transformers on the same circuit and ensure that the transformer is rated as compatible with the selected dimmer.

Magnetic transformers use symmetric phase control, which results in very smooth turn-OFF; dedicated dimmers for these transformers may have capacity rated in VA.

Most electronic transformers use reverse phase control, which results in very smooth turn-ON; dimmers for these transformers are typically rated in W. Electronic transformer/dimmer combinations generally provide superior performance, eliminating dimmer and luminaire buzz, lamp flickering and other problems that can occur with dimming magnetic transformers.

在同一条电路上，请确保变压器的额定值与所选调光器兼容。

磁性变压器采用对称相位控制，因此关断非常平稳；这些变压器的专用调光器可能具有以下的特点比如说额定单位为VA。

大多数电子变压器都采用反相控制，从而实现了非常平稳的开机；这些变压器的调光器的额定容量单位通常为 W. 电子变压器/调光器组合通常具有卓越的性能，消除了调光器和灯具的嗡嗡声、灯管的闪烁和灯管的磨损，调光磁力变压器等可能出现的其他问题。

## **紧凑型荧光灯调光系统**

Compact fluorescent lamps, or CFLs, have only recently begun to offer significant dimming capability.

紧凑型荧光灯或CFL，最近才开始搭载调光功能。

While pin-based lamp-ballast systems offer reliable dimming using low-voltage controls, matching integral CFL products with standard line-voltage incandescent dimmers continues to be problematic. These problems include limited dimming range to 10-30% of full light output, "drop out" or shut off before the slider reaches the bottom, lamps failing to turn ON at the low end of the dimming range (requiring the slider to be raised, resulting in "popON"), and lights turning OFF unexpectedly or flickering due to line-voltage fluctuations. They also become cooler in color appearance as they dim, the opposite of incandescent lamps, which become warmer.

虽然基于引脚的灯镇流器系统采用低压控制进而提供了可靠的调光功能，但将整体式荧光灯产品与标准的线路电压相匹配仍存在技术难题。

比如白炽灯调光器存在的问题。这些问题包括将调光范围限制到全光输出的10-30%，"掉电 "或关闭。

在滑块到达底部之前，灯具在调光范围的低端无法打开（需要将滑块升起，导致 "爆裂"），以及由于线路电压波动而导致灯意外熄灭或闪烁。它们的颜色外观也会随着变暗而变得更冷，这就是所谓的 "冷"。与白炽灯相反，白炽灯会变得更热。

To address these problems, lamp manufacturers are working to produce better dimmable lamps, extending dimming range to as low as 2-10% for select products. Dimming manufacturers, meanwhile, are now offering dimmers specifically designed for dimmable CFLs, with some products being versatile enough to also operate integral LED lamps and incandescent/halogen lamps. These dimmers keep the lights ON as they are dimmed,

ensure the lamp turns ON at all light levels, reduces flicker and keep the lights ON even in the face of fluctuations on the power line.

为了解决这些问题，灯管制造商正在努力生产更好的调光灯，将调光范围扩大到低至2-10%，以满足客户的需求选产品。同时，调光制造商现在也开始提供专门为可调光的节能灯设计的调光器，有些产品是足够灵活，也可以操作整体式LED灯和白炽灯/卤素灯。这些调光器在调光时保持灯亮。

确保灯管在任何光照度下都能打开，减少闪烁，即使面对电源线的波动也能保持灯管打开。

## **线性荧光灯调光系统**

Fluorescent lamps are dimmable using dimmable ballasts, which are designed to respond to control signals by changing the current flowing through the lamp, which reduces both lamp output and power. Linear fluorescent lamps should be "seasoned" prior to dimming for 12 hours at 100% output per NEMA guidelines, or per manufacturer instructions.

荧光灯使用可调光镇流器进行调光，镇流器的设计是通过改变流过的电流来响应控制信号。这将降低灯管的输出和功率。线性荧光灯在调光前应先进行 "调味"，根据NEMA指南，或根据制造商说明在100%输出下调光12小时。

## **线性荧光灯调光系统**

Most dimming ballasts are programmed-start ballasts, which operate at a loss in efficacy of nearly 10% compared to fixed-output instant-start ballasts. Recent introductions, however, boast an efficacy as high as standard instant-start ballasts.

For the most efficient 4-ft. T8 ballasts, look for the NEMA Premium mark on the label.

大多数调光镇流器都是程序启动型镇流器，其工作效能损失与固定输出的瞬时启动镇流器相比，

效率降低了将近10%。然而，最近推出的产品却拥有与标准瞬时启动镇流器一样高的功效。

对于效率最高的4英尺T8镇流器，请查看标签上的NEMA Premium标志。

Most dimmable electronic ballasts operate with a linear relationship between dimming level and light output, but not dimming level and input watts. A 20% dim level, for example, will result in 20% of full light output but not 20% of full wattage. While energy is saved, efficacy, which is lumens of light output per watt of electrical input, generally decreases as lamps are dimmed. Below around 20%, no significant additional energy savings are achieved.

大多数可调光电子镇流器的工作原理是调光等级和光输出之间的线性关系，而不是调光等级和输入瓦数之间的线性关系。

比如20%的昏暗度，会有20%的全光输出，但不会有20%的全瓦数。虽然节省了能源，但效率，也就是光的流明数。

每瓦电输入的输出功率，一般会随着灯具的调暗而降低。低于20%左右时，没有显著的实现额外节能效果。

图片

## **线性荧光灯调光系统**

Dimmable ballasts operate according to a dimming method, which may be analog ("step dimming," 0-10VDC, phase control and wireless infrared) or digital (DALI, proprietary). Digital and 0-10VDC are four-wire low-voltage methods, two-wire phase control is a line-voltage method utilizing the line for both power and communication, and wireless infrared is a short-range wireless method. Selection of dimming method is typically based on the use of the space, desired range of dimming, wiring, lamp type, physical size and/or budget. For more information, see Part 2 of this course, covering fluorescent dimmable ballasts.

可调光镇流器根据调光方式进行操作，可以是模拟方式（"阶梯调光"、0-10VDC、相位控制和无线红外），也可以是模拟方式。

数字式（DALI，专有）。数字式和0-10VDC是四线制低压方式，两线制相位控制是利用线电压方式，用于 既有电源又有通信，而无线红外是一种短距离的无线方式。调光方式的选择一般是根据空间、所需的调光范围、布线、灯具类型、物理尺寸和/或预算。更多信息，请参见本课程的第二部分，内容包括荧光灯可调光镇流器。

## **线性荧光灯调光系统**

Be sure to specify ballasts that are dimmable, lamps and ballasts that are compatible, and ballasts and controls that are compatible. The lamps should also be compatible with the socket (i.e., rapid start socket).

Because analog ballast performance may vary across products, avoid mixing ballast types from different manufacturers in the same system.

Also avoid mixing dimmable and non-dimmable loads on a dimmer circuit, linear lamps and CFLs in the same control zone, and different lamp types

(e.g., incandescent and fluorescent) on the same dimming control.It is sometimes advisable to avoid mixing lamp wattages in the same dimming zone as well.）

一定要指定可调光的镇流器、兼容的灯具和镇流器，以及镇流器和控制装置要兼容。灯具也应与插座兼容（即快速启动插座）。

由于不同产品的模拟镇流器性能可能不同，因此要避免在同一系统中混合使用不同厂家的镇流器类型。

此外，还要避免在调光电路中混用可调光和非可调光负载，避免在同一控制区混用线性灯和节能灯，避免混用不同类型的灯。

在同一调光控制下，可使用不同的灯管（如白炽灯和荧光灯）。

有时建议避免在同一调光区混合灯管瓦数。

## **HID调光系统**

HID lamps are capable of stepped and continuous dimming. Stepped dimming may be achieved using a magnetic step-dimming ballast, typically a constant-wattage autotransformer (CWA) ballast. Shown here is a 350W pulse-start metal halide system with all luminaires turned OFF on a

schedule using a control panel/timeclock, while four are separately circuited and controlled with stepped dimming ballasts for 50% reduction for night and emergency lighting

HID灯能够进行阶梯式和连续式调光。阶梯式调光可以使用磁力阶梯式调光镇流器来实现，通常是一个磁力镇流器或恒定功率自动变压器（CWA）镇流器。这里展示的是一个350W脉冲启动的金属卤化物系统，将所有灯具都关闭，并使用了一个 "CWA "镇流器。

使用控制面板/时计来安排时间表，而四个独立的循环和控制的阶梯式调光镇流器，在夜间和应急照明可减少50%。

Continuous dimming is becoming increasingly available with introduction of high-performing electronic HID ballasts. These ballasts provide superior performance, with a recommended dimming range of 100% to 50-70% of lamp power, depending on the lamp type.

随着高性能电子器件的引入，可使用连续调光功能的镇流器越来越多。

如HID镇流器等。这些镇流器具有卓越的性能，建议调光范围为灯功率的100%至50-70%，具体取决于产品的性能与灯管类型。

As with fluorescent dimming, efficacy declines over the dimming range for HID stepped and continuous dimming ballasts; shown here is a 400W coated metal halide lamp tested by the Lighting Research Center from 100% to 50% of lamp power.

NEMA recommends avoiding dimming of HID lamps below 50-70%, depending on the lamp type, as this can degrade lamp life by up to

90%—voiding lamp warranties—while also affecting efficacy, color and lumen maintenance. NEMA further recommends that the lamps be operated for at least 15 minutes before dimming (or 30 minutes if the lamp is extinguished due to a voltage interruption).

Note that HID lamps may experience color shift and lower CRI during dimming, particularly clear lamps.

For more information about HID lamp dimming, click here. An article will appear as a new window on your Internet browser.

与荧光灯调光一样，HID阶梯式和阶梯式调光的功效在调光范围内下降。

这里显示的是一个400W涂层金属卤化物灯，经照明研究中心测试，功率从100%到50%的灯管。

NEMA建议，根据灯管类型，避免将HID灯的亮度调至50-70%以下，因为这样做会降低灯管的寿命，最高可达90%--使灯管的质保失效--同时也影响了灯管的功效、颜色和流明的维持。NEMA还建议，灯管在使用时至少调光15分钟（如果因电压中断而熄灭，则为30分钟）。

请注意，在调光过程中，HID灯可能会出现颜色变化和CRI降低，特别是透明灯。

有关HID灯调光的更多信息，请点击这里。文章将以新窗口的形式出现在您的互联网浏览器上。

## **LED调光系统**

LED lighting is theoretically very friendly to dimming control. As shown in this graph, reducing LED device internal temperatures extends service life. Because dimming reduces internal temperatures, it can extend lamp life while also delaying color shift (towards blue) that occurs over time with phosphor-coated LEDs.

LED照明理论上对调光控制非常友好。如图所示，降低LED 设备的内部温度，从而延长了使用寿命。由于调光可以降低内部温度，因此可以延长灯管的寿命，同时也可以延缓颜色的变化。

荧光粉涂层LED随着时间的推移会发生偏移（向蓝色）。

Dimming results in light output that is proportional to electrical input; an LED operating at 50% of its rated power will produce roughly 50% of its initial rated light output. As a result, efficacy (lumens/W) is stable across the dimming range until the low end, when efficacy actually increases due to dimming reducing internal temperatures, producing higher light output. While this is obviously positive in terms of efficiency, it also means that for manual dimming, light output and dimmer setting may drift out of proportion at the dimming range's low end. Some higher-end products compensate for this effect.

调光的结果是光的输出与电的输入成正比；一个LED在50%的额定功率下工作，将产生大约50%的初始功率。

因此，在整个调光范围内，效率（流明/W）是稳定的，直到低端，此时效率实际上会因低端光输出而增加。因此，在整个调光范围内，效率（流明/W）是稳定的，直到低端，这时效率实际上会因以下原因而增加

如调光可降低内部温度，产生更高的光输出。虽然这在效率方面显然是积极的，但这也意味着对于我们来说，手动调光，在调光范围的低端，光输出和调光器设置可能会偏离比例。一些高端产品可以补偿这个效果。

LED lamps and luminaires may be dimmed using line- or low-voltage methods. Dimming ranges of 100-20% and 100-1% are available, depending on desired capabilities and cost. The highest-performing products dim smoothly from 100-1%, while the lowest dim from 100-20% while exhibiting an inconsistent step-dimming effect

LED灯和灯具可以使用线路或低压方法进行调光。调光范围为100-20%和100-1%，具体取决于所需的功能和成本。性能最高的产品在100-1%的范围内顺利变暗，而最低的产品在100-20%的范围内顺利变暗，同时表现出以下特点 ：

阶梯式调光效果不一致

Dimming requires a dimmable driver, which dims the LEDs using either pulse

width modulation (PWM) or pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) methods.

With both methods, light output can be dimmed precisely, predictably and without visible flicker.

The driver may be integrated with the power supply or remotely mounted.

调光需要一个可调光驱动器，它可以用脉冲调光或用脉冲调光的方式对LED进行调光。

宽度调制（PWM）或脉冲幅度调制（PAM）方法。

通过这两种方法，可以精确地、可预测地、无明显闪烁地调暗光输出。

驱动器可以与电源集成，也可以远程安装。

For retrofit, there are products designed to replace incandescent and halogen lamps and operate from incandescent or low-voltage dimmer controls. This is facilitated by integrated driver circuits that maintain proper function with the controls.

To ensure that the control and selected light unit are compatible, consult manufacturer dimmer compatibility data sheets. If operated with an incandescent dimmer, the LED lamp must meet dimmer requirements related to operating incandescent lamps, such as minimum loading.

While a retrofit solution can be viable, it is recommended to use dimmers that are designed, tested and UL listed for the specific light source being used.

对于改造，有一些产品被设计用来替代白炽灯和卤素灯，并通过白炽灯或低压调光器控制操作。通过集成的驱动电路，可以保持控制装置的正常功能。

为了确保控制装置和所选的照明装置兼容，请查阅制造商的调光器兼容性数据表。如果使用白炽灯调光器操作，LED灯必须满足与操作白炽灯相关的调光器要求，如最小负载。

虽然改造方案是可行的，但建议使用针对特定光源设计、测试并通过UL认证的调光器。

    ​​​​​​​

Note that the dimmer and LED device must be specifically rated as compatible to ensure desired performance. All combinations of devices should be tested to ensure they will work as specified.

NEMA recently introduced a standard addressing dimming of integrated LED lamps designed for retrofit/replacement of line-voltage incandescent screwbase lamps. The standard contains requirements to help ensure good dimming performance and prevent damage to either the dimmer or the lamp.

For more information about LED dimming, take the Education Express course covering LED control.

请注意，调光器和LED设备必须有特别的额定兼容性，以确保理想的性能。所有设备的组合都应进行测试，以确保它们能按规定工作。

NEMA最近推出了一个标准，针对集成LED灯的调光设计，用于改造/替换线电压白炽灯的螺丝底座灯。该标准包含的要求有助于确保良好的调光性能，并防止损坏调光器或灯管。

有关LED调光的更多信息，请参加涵盖LED控制的教育快车课程

## **霓虹灯/冷阴极调光**

Neon and cold cathode lamps operate similarly to fluorescent lamps, but use a solid metal electrode operating at a low temperature. The lamp can be dimmed without impacting service life using a dimmable ballast (electronic ballast recommended). These ballasts can dim from 100-1% and start instantly at the lowest dim level.

氖灯和冷阴极灯的工作原理与荧光灯类似，但使用的是低温下工作的固体金属电极。使用可调光镇流器（建议使用电子镇流器）可以在不影响使用寿命的情况下对灯管进行调光。这些镇流器可以在100-1%的范围内调光，并在最低调光时立即启动。

## **卷尾语**

This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course Dimming Controls, Part 1: Introduction to Dimming. You are now ready for Part 2: Dimming Controls and Systems.

Please take a moment to provide feedback about your experience with this course.

You may also take the Comprehension Test to test your learning and to qualify for CALCTP (CALCTP), LEU (NCQLP LC) and LU/HSW (AIA CES) credit. A 70+% passing grade is required for LEU and CALCTP credit and 80+% for AIA CES credit. Upon passing the test, you may download a Certificate of Completion on the Courses page. If you are an AIA member, please email your course completion certificate to LCA with your AIA number.

美国建筑师协会继续教育系统课程《调光控制》第1部分：调光介绍到此结束。您现在可以学习第二部分：调光控制和系统。

请花点时间提供关于本课程的反馈。

您还可以参加理解测试，以检验您的学习情况，并有资格获得CALCTP（CALCTP）、LEU（NCQLP LC）和LU/HSW（AIA CES）学分。LEU和CALCTP学分要求70％以上的合格成绩，AIA CES学分要求80％以上的合格成绩。通过考试后，您可以在课程页面下载结业证书。如果您是AIA会员，请将您的课程结业证书连同您的AIA编号一起发到LCA。