Beckham

**Beckham County** is a County (United States)|county located on the western border of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2010 United States Census|2010 census, the population was 22,119. Its county seat is Sayre, Oklahoma|Sayre. Founded upon statehood in 1907, Beckham County was named for J. C. W. Beckham, who was Governor of Kentucky and the first popularly elected member of the United States Senate from Kentucky. Beckham County comprises the Elk City, OK Micropolitan Statistical Area.

## History

In 1855, the U.S. government leased the western part of the formerly reserved Choctaw Nation|Choctaw and Chickasaw Nation lands, which became known as the Leased District. After the Civil War, the two nations were forced to cede the land to the US government under terms of new treaties required because they had been allies of the Confederacy. Under the treaties they were also required to emancipate their slaves and provide them with citizenship in their nations.

In 1869, the former Leased District was designated by the President as the Cheyenne and Arapaho Indian Reservation, following their removal from further west. During the 1880s, Texas cattlemen leased grazing land from the Cheyenne and Arapaho.

Under the Dawes Act of 1891, the government split up such communal lands, allocating plots to individual households of various tribes. After distribution was made, the government declared any additional lands on the reservation to be "surplus". In 1892, the government opened such surplus land to settlement by non-Indians, attracting numerous European-American settlers and immigrants.

The area was designated as County F in the newly created Oklahoma Territory, until it was renamed Roger Mills County, Oklahoma|Roger Mills County. At statehood, portions of land from both Roger Mills and Greer County, Oklahoma|Greer counties were joined to form Beckham County. Sayre was named as the temporary county seat. A 1908 election after statehood made Sayre, Oklahoma the permanent seat.

In 1910, a piece of southern Beckham County was returned to Greer County. The Gannett survey of 1927-1929 found that the true 100th Meridian, the boundary between Texas and western Oklahoma, was Template:Convert farther east than previously thought. The US Supreme Court ruled that the strip of land must be returned to Texas, thereby reducing Beckham County's area slightly.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert is land and Template:Convert (0.2%) is water. The county is drained by the North Fork of the Red River and its tributaries: the Timber, Sweetwater, and Buffalo creeks. The northwestern part of the county is part of the High Plains. The rest of the county is part of the Gypsum Hills physiographic region.

### Major highways

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* Image:I-40 (OK).svg|20px Interstate 40 in Oklahoma|Interstate 40
* BL-40 (OK)
* Image:US 283.svg|25px U.S. Route 283#Oklahoma|U.S. Highway 283
* Image:Oklahoma State Highway 6.svg|20px State Highway 6 (Oklahoma)|State Highway 6
* Image:Oklahoma State Highway 30.svg|20px State Highway 30 (Oklahoma)|State Highway 30
* Image:Oklahoma State Highway 34.svg|20px State Highway 34 (Oklahoma)|State Highway 34
* Image:Oklahoma State Highway 55.svg|20px State Highway 55 (Oklahoma)|State Highway 55
* Image:Oklahoma State Highway 66.svg|20px State Highway 66 (Oklahoma)|State Highway 66
* Image:Oklahoma State Highway 152.svg|25px State Highway 152 (Oklahoma)|State Highway 152

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### Adjacent counties

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* Roger Mills County, Oklahoma|Roger Mills County (north)
* Custer County, Oklahoma|Custer County (northeast)
* Washita County, Oklahoma|Washita County (east)
* Kiowa County, Oklahoma|Kiowa County (southeast)
* Greer County, Oklahoma|Greer County (south)
* Harmon County, Oklahoma|Harmon County (southwest)
* Collingsworth County, Texas (west)
* Wheeler County, Texas (northwest)

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## Demographics

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There were 8,163 households, out of which 34.6% included children under the age of 18, 50.9% were Marriage|married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.8% were non-families. Individuals living alone accounted for 27.6% of households and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.1% under the age of 18, 9.9% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.4 years. For every 100 females there were 105 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $45,726, and the median income for a family was $57,316. Males had a median income of $42,470 versus $27,075 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,470. More than 12% of families and 15% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26% of those under age 18 and 14.4% of those age 65 or over.

## Politics

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## Economy

The county economy has been based mainly on farming and raising livestock. The major crops have been cotton, wheat, alfalfa, kafir, milo maize, and broomcorn. Mineral industries have occasionally been significant. In the early 20th century, there was some salt production. A limited amount of oil and gas production began in the 1920s.

## Communities

### Cities

* Elk City, Oklahoma|Elk City
* Erick, Oklahoma|Erick
* Sayre, Oklahoma|Sayre (county seat)

### Towns

* Carter, Oklahoma|Carter
* Sweetwater, Oklahoma|Sweetwater
* Texola, Oklahoma|Texola

### Unincorporated communities

* Delhi, Oklahoma|Delhi
* Hext, Oklahoma|Hext
* Mayfield, Oklahoma|Mayfield
* Retrop, Oklahoma|Retrop

## NRHP sites

Main article: National Register of Historic Places listings in Beckham County, Oklahoma
The following sites in Beckham County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:

* Casa Grande Hotel (Elk City, Oklahoma)|Casa Grande Hotel, Elk City
* Hedlund Motor Company Building, Elk City
* Storm House, Elk City
* Whited Grist Mill, Elk City
* First National Bank (Erick, Oklahoma), Erick
* West Winds Motel, Erick
* Beckham County Courthouse, Sayre
* Sayre City Park, Sayre
* J. W. Danner House, Sayre
* Sayre Downtown Historic District, Sayre
* Sayre Rock Island Depot, Sayre
* Magnolia Service Station, Texola

## External links

* Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Beckham County
* Oklahoma Digital Maps: Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory

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Template:Beckham County, Oklahoma
Template:NRHP in Beckham County, Oklahoma
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Category:1907 establishments in Oklahoma
Category:Populated places established in 1907

1. ↑ State & County QuickFacts. United States Census Bureau.
2. ↑ Find a County. National Association of Counties.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Wilson, Linda D. "Beckham County," *Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture*, 2009. Accessed March 28, 2015.
4. ↑ 2010 Census Gazetteer Files. United States Census Bureau (August 22, 2012).
5. ↑ U.S. Census website. United States Census Bureau.
6. ↑ Oklahoma Registration Statistics by County (November 1, 2019).