recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Aaron (High Priest)

For other uses, see Aaron (disambiguation).

Aaron was the elder brother of Moses, as well as his spokesman, both to the Hebrews, and to the Pharaoh. He later became the first High Priest of the Hebrews.

## Legend

Aaron is said to have used his rod to perform various magics in an attempt to convince the Pharaoh to release the people of Israel, including transforming it into a snake which ate the snakes made from the staves of the Pharaoh's own magicians, and causing three of the Plagues of Egypt (namely turning the river to blood, the frogs, and the lice).

According to Jewish legend, at the end of his life Aaron was accompanied by Eleazar and Moses to Mt. Hor, where he lay down on a couch in a cave and died, giving the role of High Priest to Eleazar. God then sealed the cave, and when people started accusing Moses of killing him in a fit of jealousy for his popularity, a floating image of Aaron on the couch was shown to them. Aaron is said to be present in paradise, seated beneath the Tree of Life while he instructs the priests.

According to Muslim tradition, Aaron and Moses went up the mountain knowing one of them was going to die there. In the cave was a coffin, which didn't fit Moses but was the right size for Aaron.

Another Muslim story is that Moses and Aaron found a house on top of the mountain containing the Couch of Death. Moses recognised that Aaron was to die, and so suggested that Aaron rested on the couch. The couch and Aaron were then transported to heaven.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Unknown. (1972). "Aaron", in Leach, M. (ed) *Funk & Wagnalls Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology and Legend*. 3rd ed. p.1
Amphiaraus

Amphiaraus was an Ancient Greek seer.

## Legends

Amphiaraus foresaw his death amongst the Seven against Thebes, and thus tried to hide instead of going to fight. He was later found and forced to fight, leading to his death. He later came back to life, and a temple was erected in his honour in Attica near the sacred fountain he slipped in when he returned from the underworld.

As a seer, he sent dream visions to the sick, indicating remedies to them, in a similar method to modern Magnetic Somnambulism. He also worked as a conventional oracle, taking payment and instructing people to sleep on a sheepskin, telling him the details of the ensuing dream, which he would interpret for them as prophecies. These prophecies were supposedly written down, but have since been lost to the ages.

He is also credited with inventing pyromancy.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 de Plancy, J. C., (1863). *Dictionnaire Infernal*. 6ed. pg.28
11th Card (Book of Thoth Tarot)

## Upright Position - The Strong

In its upright position, this card has the following meanings:

* Aquarius
* Advantage through strength
* Moral strength
* Greatness of soul
* Magnanimity
* Heroism
* Courage
* Perseverance
* Constancy
* Power
* Empire
* Ascending
* Spiritual or moral work
* Patience
* Resignation
* Domination
* Thoth
* Book of Thoth

## Reverse Position - The Sovereign

In its reverse position, this card has the following meanings:

* Kingdom
* Empire
* Republic
* State
* Government
* Administration
* Reign
* Despotism
* Sovereignty
* Authority
* Command
* Supreme power
* Absolute power
* Powerful citizen
* People
* Nation
* King
* Emperor
* General
* Commander
* Captain
* Superior leader
* Governor
* Dominator
* Motor
* Regulator
* Conservator
* Protector
* Weakness
* Defectiveness
* Discrepancy

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Etteilla, (1790). *Cours theorique et pratique de livre de Thot*. App
Abandoned Wife

The abandoned wife is a theme that appears in folk stories around the world.

It is often linked to the folklore motifs of "abandoned in a boat", "left on an island", "driven into a forest", "thrown into the water", or "cast into the pit".

## Basic Features

* Woman has her hands cut off and abandoned by her family.
* Discovered by a king who marries her.
* Gives birth to the king's child but is then abandoned or cast out again. Reason typically due to slander or intrigues by king's family, most often that she gave birth to an animal or monster, or that she murdered her child.
* Wanders the world until reaching a magic lake or well, or is given a potion of beauty.
* Wins back her husband and punished those responsible for him casting her out.

## Examples

* Kashmir and Bengal stories of a king who blinds seven of his wives at the urging of an eighth, and throws them in a well. Magic well water restores their sight, and they eventually get revenge.
* Maiden Without Hands
* 6+ African versions
* 2 Native American versions
* Brazilian version
* Chilian version
* Chaucer's *The Man of Lawes Tale*
* Gower's *Confessio Amantis*
* Some of the stories of the *Arabian Nights*
* *Pentamerone*
* Many south Slavic folk songs

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Unknown. (1972). "Abandoned Wife", in Leach, M. (ed) *Funk & Wagnalls Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology and Legend*. 3rd ed. pp.2
Abandonment on the Island

"Abandonment on the Island" is a folklore motif that appears around the world.

## Basic Features

* Person is abandoned on an island
* Abandoned person outwits their abandoner to escape

## Examples

* *The Marooned Egghunter* - Ojibwa story about how Wemicus sent his son-in-law to a rocky island to search for gulls' eggs, in an attempt to get him killed. Once his son-in-law was ashore, Wemicus took his canoe, stranding him. The son-in-law got as many eggs as he could fill his shirt with, took some wings from a gull, and flew home, arriving before Wemicus.
* Finnish and Russian stories (belonging to the Stupid Ogre motif), where an ogre abandons a hero on an island. The hero then dresses up as an ogre, and the ogre then rescues their fellow "ogre".
* Norwegian stories where a falsely accused wife is abandoned on an island by her husband, only to be rescued and then saves him from a terrible fate.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Unknown. (1972). "Abandonment on the island", in Leach, M. (ed) *Funk & Wagnalls Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology and Legend*. 3rd ed. pp.3
Alaric

Alaric was the first king of the Gothic kingdom of Italy.

## Legend

According to Olympiodorus, when Alaric tried invading Sicily in 410, a mysterious statue stopped him. This statue threw flames from one of its feet, and blasts of water from the other. Alaric then retreated to Consentia, where he died soon afterwards.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 de Plancy, J. C., (1863). *Dictionnaire Infernal*. 6ed. pg.13
Achmet

Achmet was an Arabic diviner from the 9th century.

He is attributed with the authorship of *The Interpretation of Dreams*, and while the original Arabic text is lost, Greek and Latin translations were published in Paris in 1603 by Artemidore, titles *Oneirocriticism.*

## Works

* *The Interpretation of Dreams* - Attributed, also known as *Oneirocriticism*

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 de Plancy, J. C., (1863). *Dictionnaire Infernal*. 6ed. pg.5
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Spence, L. (1920). *An Encyclopædia of Occultism*. 2 ed. pg. 2
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 de Plancy, J. C., (1863). *Dictionnaire Infernal*. 6ed. pg.6
Absurdity Rebukes Absurdity

"Absurdity Rebukes Absurdity" is a folklore motif from the subgenre of nonsense folklore. It is closely related to the reductio ad absurdum and the Rule Must Work Both Ways motif.

## Basic Features

* One person does an absurd thing to another
* The other person does an absurd thing to the first person to get back at them or to prove the initial absurdity
* Things are set right

## Examples

* German, Baltic, and Spanish story of a man whose foal wandered into a field with some oxen. The owner of the oxen claimed the foal and when they took the disagreement to the king, who ruled in favour of the owner of the oxen. The original owner of the foal then set up a fishing net in the road the next day and, when questioned by the king, stated that he'd have as good a chance of catching fish in the street as a pair of oxen have of producing a foal. The king then saw the absurdity and had the foal returned.
* Indian, Tibetan, and Sri Lankan story of a man who left a bag of gold with a friend before travelling, only for the friend to claim the gold had turned into sand while he was away. The friend later went travelling, leaving his son with the original man. When he returned, he was given a monkey and told that his son had turned into it while he was away. They then returned the bag of gold and the son to each other.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Unknown. (1972). "absurdity rebukes absurdity", in Leach, M. (ed) *Funk & Wagnalls Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology and Legend*. 3rd ed. p.5
Agrafena-Shinganskaia

Agrafena-Shinganskaia, also known as Mirak, is an affliction said to exist on the north-eastern coasts of Siberia.

It is a nerve-affecting condition that is caused by a lack of vegetable food, and is supposedly more common in women than in men. Mr. von Wrangel mentioned Mirak in his account of his expedition to north-eastern Siberia that men being infected are considered rare anomalies.

According to local superstition, it was caused by the influence of a vampire-like undead spellcaster called Agrafena-Shinganskaia who, though she died centuries ago, continues to haunt the land and prey off the sick.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 de Plancy, J. C., (1863). *Dictionnaire Infernal*. 6ed. pg.10
22nd Card (Book of Thoth Tarot)

This card is typically represented using the King of Sceptres.

## Upright Position - Man of the Countryside

In its upright position, this card has the following meanings:

* Honest man
* Conscience
* Probity
* Rustic
* Villager
* Peasant
* Labourer
* Cultivator
* Agriculture

## Reverse Position - Good/Serious Man

In its reverse position, this card has the following meanings:

* Indulgent
* Severity
* Leniency
* Complacency
* Tolerance
* Condescension

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Etteilla, (1790). *Cours theorique et pratique de livre de Thot*. App
Aalu

Aalu, also known as Aaru, is one version of the Ancient Egyptian afterlife.

This afterlife is a paradise of fields where the deceased could grow their own food separate from offerings left for them. It was reached through 15 or 21 gates, each guarded by a number of demons armed with long knives.

This afterlife is associated with Osiris.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Unknown. (1972). 'Aalu or Aaru", in Leach, M. (ed) *Funk & Wagnalls Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology and Legend*. 3rd ed. p.1
Alkalalai

The word "alkalalai" is used as an cry of joy by the Kamchadal people during the Festival of Brooms. It is used to honour three of their gods: Filat-Chout-Chi the father, Touita his son, and Gaetch his grandson.

## Festival

The main part of the festival involves using birch brooms to sweep the hearths of their homes.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 de Plancy, J. C., (1863). *Dictionnaire Infernal*. 6ed. pg.20
43rd Card (Book of Thoth Tarot)

This card is typically represented using the 7 of Cups.

## Upright Position - Thought

In its upright position, this card has the following meanings:

* Soul
* Spirit
* Intelligence
* Idea
* Memory
* Imagination
* Understanding
* Conception
* Meditation
* Contemplation
* Reflection
* Deliberation
* Opinion
* Sentiment

## Reverse Position - Proposal

In its reverse position, this card has the following meanings:

* Design
* Intention
* Desire
* Will
* Resolution
* Determination
* Premeditation

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Etteilla, (1790). *Cours theorique et pratique de livre de Thot*. App
Aliorumnas

The aliorumnas are witches from Gothic folklore.

## Legend

Originally Goths, they were banished to the deserts by King Felimer. In the deserts, gothic tradition says they married demons and produced children with them, these children being the ancestors of the Huns, Avars, and Hungarians.

This legend bears similarities to the legend of the alrunes, possibly hinting at a shared origin or one influencing the other.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 de Plancy, J. C., (1863). *Dictionnaire Infernal*. 6ed. pg.20
2. ↑ de Plancy, J. C., (1863). *Dictionnaire Infernal*. 6ed. pg.23
Alessandro Alessandri

For other uses, see Alexander (disambiguation)

Alessandro Alessandri was a Neapolitan lawyer active in the early 16th Century.

## Works

* Collection of dissertations on marvellous things, including prodigies in Italy, dreams coming true, and accounts of spirits he encountered.
* *Genialium Dierum*, containing the above work and additional material.

## See Also

* Possessions
* Spectres

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 de Plancy, J. C., (1863). *Dictionnaire Infernal*. 6ed. pg.17
55th Card (Book of Thoth Tarot)

This card is typically represented using the 9 of Swords.

## Upright Position - Clerical Class

In its upright position, this card has the following meanings:

* Apostle
* Bishop
* Abbot
* Priest
* Monk
* Hermit
* Religious
* Temple
* Church
* Monastery
* Convent
* Hermitage
* Sanctuary
* Cult
* Religion
* Piety
* Devotion
* Rite
* Ceremony
* Ritual
* Celibacy
* Virginity
* Puberty
* Recluse
* Anchorite
* Vestal virgin

## Reversed Position - Justified Distrust

In its reverse position, this card has the following meanings:

* Well-founded suspicion
* Legitimate fear
* Mistrust
* Doubt
* Conjecture
* Scruple
* Timid conscience
* Pure
* Timidity
* Decency
* Shame

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Etteilla, (1790). *Cours theorique et pratique de livre de Thot*. App
Achachila

Achachila are a type of demonic spirit known to the Aymara people of Bolivia.

## Legends

They are said to live underground in the mountains, and send rain, hail, and frost. They look like old men when seen by humans.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Metraux, A. (1972). "achachila", in Leach, M. (ed) *Funk & Wagnalls Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology and Legend*. 3rd ed. p.6
Acorn

Acorns are the nuts produced by the oak tree (*Quercus*), a one-seeded nut in a woody cup.

## Botany

Acorns usually start appearing when an oak is around twenty years old, and they can take up to three years to mature.

Many varieties of acorn are edible.

## Folklore

Acorns are generally used in proverbs to symbolise great effort before a perfect achievement. This can be seen in the maxim "Great oaks from little acorns grow".

There is a German story of a man who made a deal with the devil, and promised to pay him when his first crop was harvested. He then planted acorns. This uses the symbolism discussed above.

When Celtic druids prepared to give prophecies, they would consume acorns of sacred oak trees.

According to Achomawi legend, the Sun's wife cooks acorn mush for dinner.

In Wappo tradition, two legendary boys on a journey found, cooked, and ate acorns.

In Yurok mythology, Coyote and his grandmother had a famous argument about how to prepare acorns for eating.

The Natchez people of the southern Mississippi valley have a story about a mythical chief of animals who told all the animals to choose the food they wished to live on, and the squirrel chose the acorn.

The Luiseños of the southern Californian coast have a story where Wiyot, the first or last-born child of the sky and earth was the guardian of all earthly things, and was thus loved by all save Frog. Frog spat into the spring Wiyot drank from, causing him to die after ten months. Before he died, he taught the creatures of the earth all he knew, and promised that his ashes would become their most valuable possession. From the ashes grew the oak tree, with acorns the size of apples. Crow was then sent by the people to the big star to find Wiyot, but couldn't find him. Hummingbird was then sent, and returned with a message telling the birds and animals to eat acorns, and for men to make acorn flour to use to make cakes. The people then made a feast of acorns.

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Unknown. (1972). "acorn", in Leach, M. (ed) *Funk & Wagnalls Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology and Legend*. 3rd ed. p.7
Addane of the Lake

Addane of the Lake is a lake monster from the legend of *Peredur* from the *Mabinogion*.

## Legend

The monster had been killing the inhabitants of the palace of the King of Tortures each day. To fight the beast, Peredur acquired magic stones to make himself invisible, allowing him to get close to the monster to kill it.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Spence, L. (1920). *An Encyclopædia of Occultism*. 2 ed. pg. 3
A Cholla mo Run

*A Cholla mo Run* is the name of a Scottish musical legend about a piper's warning from his pipes.

It is supposed to represent the belief in Scotland that bagpipes could speak.

## Lyrics

These are the lyrics of one version from 1647:

Cholle mo runn tionndaigh am bat,

na'm Fhios dhut mar tha chad thigeadh du'm choir;

Cholle mo runn seachainn an dun,

tha mise'n laimh, tha mise'n laimh.

Cholle mo runn tionndaidh a'm bat,

n'am Fhios dhut mar tha chad thigeadh du'm choir;

Cholle mo runn seachainn an dun

tha mis'en laimh, tha mise'n laimh

Cholle mo ghaoil seachainn a'n caol

s'na creaganan caol, 'thoir orst a mhaol,

tha mise'n laimh, tha mise'n laimh.

In English:

Coll, my dear, turn the boat,

There is nothing you can do to help me;

Coll, my dear, avoid the fort,

I'm prisoner here, I'm prisoner here

Coll, my dear, turn the boat,

There is nothing you can do to help me;

Coll, my dear, avoid the fort,

I'm prisoner here, I'm prisoner here.

Coll, my love, avoid the strait,

And the narrow rocks, beware the bald one,

I'm prisoner here, I'm prisoner here.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Unknown. (1972). "*A Cholla mo Run*", in Leach, M. (ed) *Funk & Wagnalls Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology and Legend*. 3rd ed. p.7
Adepts

Adept is a title granted to different individuals in different contexts within different occult traditions.

## Alchemy

Adept is a title given to alchemists who claim to have created the philosopher's stone and the elixir of life.

It is said that at any given time there are only eleven adepts on Earth, and if someone else discovers how to create the philosopher's stone and elixir of life, one of the older adepts must withdraw from Earth and enter one of the elementary worlds.

According to Spence, this was an antiquated use of the title.

## Theosophy

Also known as the Great White Brotherhood, Rishis, Rahats, and Mahatmas, adepts are individuals who have practiced self-denial and have used constant self-development to reach the point where they help rule the world.

The route to become an adept is long and difficult, and one only becomes an adept when they have completed their destiny and transcends regular mortality. Their roles are multitudinous, but in short, they guide the rest of humanity.

They are said to know more than any regular mortal can know, and they have powers over both the physical and spiritual worlds, which they can use to allow themselves to live for centuries. They are known to take apprentices, at which point a particular adept is given the honorific title "master". Such apprentices are known as *chelas*. These apprentices must first prove themselves worthy of becoming an apprentice through self-denial and self-development. The master teaches their apprentice things that would otherwise be unattainable, and helps bring them closer to becoming mahatmas themselves through communion and inspiration. Madame Blavatsky claimed to have been one of these apprentices, and that the adepts swelled in the Himalayan mountains within Tibet.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 de Plancy, J. C., (1863). *Dictionnaire Infernal*. 6ed. pg.8
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Spence, L. (1920). *An Encyclopædia of Occultism*. 2 ed. pg. 3
52nd Card (Book of Thoth Tarot)

## Upright Position - Military

In its upright position, this card has the following meanings:

* Swordsman
* Man at arms
* Fencing master
* Hired killer
* Hunter
* Officer
* Soldier
* Combatant
* Enemy
* Dispute
* War
* Combat
* Battle
* Duel
* Attack
* Defence
* Opposition
* Resistance
* Destruction
* Ruin
* Reversal
* Enmity
* Hate
* Anger
* Resentment
* Courage
* Valour
* Bravery
* Satellite
* Employee

## Reverse Position - Intemperance

In its reverse position, this card has the following meanings:

* Incompetence
* Ineptitude
* Silliness
* Stupidity
* Imprudence
* Impertinence
* Extravagance
* Ridicule
* Inanity
* Swindle
* Fiddle
* Rascality
* Industry

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Etteilla, (1790). *Cours theorique et pratique de livre de Thot*. App
12th Card (Book of Thoth Tarot)

## Upright Position - Cleverness

In its upright position, this card has the following meanings:

* Pisces
* Wisdom
* Reserve
* Circumspection
* Restraint
* Discernment
* Foresight
* Prediction
* Prognosis
* Divination
* Prophecy
* Horoscope
* Thoth
* Book of Thoth

## Reverse Position - The People

In its reverse position, this card has the following meanings:

* Nation
* Legislator
* Sovereign
* Political corps
* Population
* Generation

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Etteilla, (1790). *Cours theorique et pratique de livre de Thot*. App
Adibuddha

The Adibuddha is the central Buddha of Mahāyāna Buddhism, a branch of Buddhism originating in 2nd century India. This form of Buddhism is theistic, and spread throughout central and eastern Asia. He is represented as a sword that destroys ignorance.

## Adibuddha

### Aliases

Ādibuddha
Mañjuśri
Many Others

## Appearances

### Appears in

Funk & Wagnalls Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology and Legend

The Adibuddha is the first Buddha, possessing godlike power, who is the source of all other primordial Buddhas. He is known by many names. He is considered an omniscient spirit from whom all things arise. Though never seen, he is said to exist as pure light in Nirvana. He is worshipped in temples, and while praying to him isn't necessary, he is often prayed to by Tibetan lamas.

## History

In the 10th century, it was decided that his thoughts created the five Buddhas of Contemplation - Vairochana, Akṣibhya, Ratnasambhava, Amitābha, and Amoghasiddha (Vajrasattva is also sometimes included amongst these). These Buddhas created the five Bodhissattvas of contemplation, who in turn created the five worlds, of which we live in the fourth.

In the *Nāmasamgī*, Mañjuśri is named the Adibuddha, being the personification of the knowledge which allows others to become Buddhas.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Unknown. (1972). "Adibuddha", in Leach, M. (ed) *Funk & Wagnalls Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology and Legend*. 3rd ed. p.10
Alexander (disambiguation)

Disambiguation page for Alexander (disambiguation)The following is a list of links to pages that might share the same title.Please follow one of the disambiguation links below or search to find the page you were looking for if it is not listed. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
* Alexander III, 13th Century King of Scotland
* Alexander VI, 15th-16th Century Pope
* Alexander ab Alexandro, another name for Alessandro Alessandri, 16th Century Neapolitan Lawyer
* Alexander Ales, 16th Century Scottish Theologian
* Alexander of Paphlagonia, 2nd Century Con Artist
* Alexander of Tralles, 6th Century Physician
* Alexander the Great, 4th Century BCE Emperor of the Macedonian Empire
74th Card (Book of Thoth Tarot)

This card is commonly represented using the 4 of Coins.

## Upright Position - Gift

In its upright position, this card has the following meanings:

* Present
* Generosity
* Good deed
* Donation
* Gratification
* Service
* White colour
* Lunar medicine
* White stone

## Reverse Position - Cloister

In its reverse position, this card has the following meanings:

* Enclosure
* Circuit
* Circumvallation
* District
* Circumference
* Circle
* Circulation
* To intercept
* Obstruction
* Engorgement
* Monopolising
* Imprisonment
* Arrest
* Settled
* Determined
* Difinitive
* Inflexibility
* Inexorable
* Extremity
* Boundary
* Limit
* Term
* End
* Barrier
* BArricade
* Partition
* Wall
* Hedge
* Fence
* Obstacle
* Bar
* Unforseen difficulty
* Suspension
* Delat
* Opposition

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Etteilla, (1790). *Cours theorique et pratique de livre de Thot*. App
Adam (disambiguation)

Disambiguation page for Adam (disambiguation)The following is a list of links to pages that might share the same title.Please follow one of the disambiguation links below or search to find the page you were looking for if it is not listed. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
* Adam (First Man) - Biblical first man made by God.
* Adam (Abbé) - Abbé noted for paranoia and claiming that the devil was harassing him in a number of forms.
* Adam Bell - British outlaw
Albumazar

Albumazar was a 9th Century astrologer from Khorasan.

## Life

In his work titled *Kitāb al‐Ulūf*, he asserted using astrology that the world could only have been created when the seven planets were in conjunction in the first degree of Aries, and that it will end while these planets are all in the last degree of Pisces.

## Works

* *Kitāb al‐Ulūf* (Book of Thousands)
* *Kitāb Taḥāwīl Sinī al-'Ālam* (Book of Astrological Flowers)

## Further Reading

* *Bibliotheca Arabico-Hispana Escurialensis*

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 de Plancy, J. C., (1863). *Dictionnaire Infernal*. 6ed. pg.16
27th Card (Book of Thoth Tarot)

This card is typically represented using the 9 of Sceptres.

## Upright Position - Delay

In its upright position, this card has the following meanings:

* Delay
* Adjournment
* Dismissal
* Suspension
* Removal
* Extension
* Slowness
* Slowing down

## Reverse Position - Crosspiece

In its reverse position, this card has the following meanings:

* Obstacle
* Unforeseen difficulty
* Upset
* Disadvantage
* Adversity
* Pain
* Misfortune
* Mishap
* Calamity

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Etteilla, (1790). *Cours theorique et pratique de livre de Thot*. App
Accidents Mistaken for Magic

In the past, when scientific knowledge was less advanced, many random accidents were mistaken for the effects of spells. Some historical examples are given below:

* In 1841, Adele Mercier from near Saint-Gilles was bitten on the neck by a fly which, presumably, had just been sucking on a rotting animal corpse. Matter from the corpse entered the bite wound, causing sharp, unbearable pain in Miss Mercier, and as such she was taken home to bed. The bite area started quickly swelling, and she developed a fever. Doctors attempted to cauterise and alkalise the bite, but she died in agony the next day.
* In June 1841, the *Journal du Rhone* reported that a peasant from near Bourgoin climbed a cherry tree and spent 20 minutes eating cherries from it. Then he had a sudden throat inflammation, and managed to say "I can't breathe! I can't breathe!" before dying half an hour later. It was deduced that the caterpillars who had infested the tree had left a poisonous substance on the cherries, which killed the man who ate them without washing them.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 de Plancy, J. C., (1863). *Dictionnaire Infernal*. 6ed. pg.5
Amphisbaena

Amphisbaenas are legendary two-headed serpents, with the second head being at the end of the tail. They were first mentioned by Pliny.

## Discussion of their Existence

According to Dr. Brown, while creatures identified as amphisbaenas could exist, such as a type of two-headed lizard recorded by Aldrovandi, and one supposedly shown to Faber by Cassien du Puy, they were likely conjoined twins that hatched from the same egg, and thus are rare, anomalous creatures, and not an entire species.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 de Plancy, J. C., (1863). *Dictionnaire Infernal*. 6ed. pg.29
Anarazel

Anazarel, along with Gaziel and Fecor, is a demon charged with guarding underground treasures. They do this by transporting it from place to place to prevent people from finding it.

## Powers and Abilities

Anarazel is noted to have the following abilities:

* Shaking the foundations of houses
* Stirring up storms
* Causing bells to ring at midnight
* Conjuring spectres
* Inspiring nocturnal fears.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 de Plancy, J. C., (1863). *Dictionnaire Infernal*. 6ed. pg.31
Abeilard

Abeilard was an author of theological works.

## History

Abeilard was said to have suffered from various disorders.

His works supposedly contained dangerous errors, which caused him to be censored by Saint Bernard.

Twenty years after his death, his widow died and was entombed alongside him. The story goes that, as her remains were brought towards his ashes, they warmed up and he stretched out his arms to receive her.

Their remains were within the Paralete, in an expensive gothic tomb which was transported to Paris' Pere-Lachaise cemetery in 1799.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 de Plancy, J. C., (1863). *Dictionnaire Infernal*. 6ed. pg.2
Ancient Greek Love Binding

The performing of this binding (Ancient Greek folk-spell) is the subject of the first part of Theocritus' *The Sorceress*. It is used to bind (and possibly hurt) the spellcaster's unfaithful lover to them. Like other Ancient Greek bindings, it is a form of sympathetic magic.

## Procedure

### Preparation

Fine red wool wrapped around a cup is used to symbolise binding the neglectful lover to the spellcaster. Red wool is a common component of Ancient Greek bindings due to it symbolising the act of binding, which is used to cause the magic to affect its target through a sympathetic link between the target and the clay cup, a clay vessel representing the human body in Ancient Greek culture.

### Incantation

The key incantation of the spell is "*Magic wheel, draw my lover home to me*", repeated throughout the casting of the spell. It is said over an *iunx* wheel that is being spun around.

### Invocations

The spell is begun with by invoking Selene, for whom the spell is cast, and then Hecate, invoked to empower the spell.

### Creation of Binding Substance

The binding substance is the ashes of a number of special materials burnt over a fire.

First, barley grains are thrown into the fire while "These are <insert target's name here>'s bones I throw". This act symbolises inflicting pain on the spell's target in revenge for pain they have inflicted on the caster.

Next, bay leaves are put into the fire. They symbolise the flesh of the target, with the burning of the leaves representing shrivelling of the target's flesh.

Next bran is added to the fire as an offering to Artemis/Hecate, who is then invoked. In the period this spell was from, Artemis and Hecate were considered different aspects of the same deity.

If the casting of the binding has been successful so far, the howling of dogs should heard. At this point, a bronze gong should be beat. This is used to protect the spellcaster from the wrath of Hecate. After the gong is beat, silence should fall on the area.

Aphrodite is then invoked as the goddess helping the *iunx* be spun, cementing the spell as one intended to cause the target to fall in love with the spellcaster.

Three libations are then poured (presumably to Selene, Artemis/Hecate, and Aphrodite). The intention of these libations is to cause the deities to make the lover forget whoever they are being unfaithful towards the spellcaster with, as well as to cause the target to be overcome with love and to come to the spellcaster's home.

Next a fringe of the target's cloak is added to the fire. This is done to make a connection to the target as part of the spell, to make sure it does not target the wrong person. Presumably another object/part of an object belonging to the target could also be used (as long as it is flammable).

The burned herbs, etc. are then collected and smeared on the threshold of the target's home while "These are <insert target here>'s bones I smear" is whispered.

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 Theocritus. *The Sorceress*
Agathion

Agathion is a weak demon who can be summoned as a familiar. He notably sometimes allows his summoner to contain him in a talisman, bottle, or ring. This draws parallels to depictions of genies in popular culture.

## Summoning

The summoning ritual for Agathion has the following additional requirement:

* He can only be summoned at noon

## Further Reading

* *Description and History of Spectra*, by Leloyer

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 de Plancy, J. C., (1863). *Dictionnaire Infernal*. 6ed. pg.9
19th Card (Book of Thoth Tarot)

## Upright Position - Misfortune

In its upright position, this card has the following meanings:

* Indigence
* Famine
* Poverty
* Distress
* Calamity
* Adversity
* Mishap
* Misfortune
* Chagrin
* Pain
* Torment
* Grief
* Affliction
* Inconvenience
* Punishment
* Punishment of God
* Correction
* Chastisement
* Reverse
* Disgrace
* Severity
* Rigidity
* Rigour

## Reverse Position - Prison

In its reverse position, this card has the following meanings:

* Imprisonment
* Detention
* Arrest
* Captivity
* Slavery
* Tyranny
* Despotism
* Yoke
* Chains
* Prison cell
* House of God
* Servitude
* Subjection

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Etteilla, (1790). *Cours theorique et pratique de livre de Thot*. App
Adam's Apple

The Adam's apple is a prominence in the front of the throat made of thyroid cartilage, most noticeable in men.

## Legends

In the Abrahamic tradition, it was formed when a part of the Forbidden Fruit got stuck in Adam's throat.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Unknown. (1972). "Adam's apple", in Leach, M. (ed) *Funk & Wagnalls Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology and Legend*. 3rd ed. p.9
15th Card (Book of Thoth Tarot)

## Upright Position - Sickness

In its upright position, this card has the following meanings:

* Death of a person referred to by Card 16
* Physical, spiritual, or soul's malady
* Wrong state of health or affairs
* Derangement
* Infirmity
* Pain
* Poison
* Epidemic
* Plague
* Gangrene
* Anguish
* Agony
* Wrong
* Displeasure
* Damage
* Mishap
* Misfortune
* Disaster
* Health
* Salubrity
* Stoutness
* Catechism
* Earthquake

## Reverse Position - Sickness

In its reverse position, this card has the following meanings:

* Indisposition
* Unpleasantness
* Headache
* Heartache
* Lethargy
* Unfortunate position
* Disgrace
* Inconvenience
* Unease
* Melancholy
* Affliction
* Medicine
* Remedy
* Charlatan
* Empirical
* Wise man

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Etteilla, (1790). *Cours theorique et pratique de livre de Thot*. App
31st Card (Book of Thoth Tarot)

This card is typically represented using the 5 of Sceptres.

## Upright Position - Gold

In its upright position, this card has the following meanings:

* Riches
* Opulence
* Magnificence
* Sumptuousness
* Éclat
* Luxury
* Abundance
* Goods
* Physical
* Philosophical or moral sun

## Reverse Position - Process/Contradiction

In its reverse position, this card has the following meanings:

* Litigation
* Difference
* Wrangle
* Contestation
* Dispute
* Upset
* Discussion
* Chicanery
* Harassment
* Contradiction
* Inconsistency

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Etteilla, (1790). *Cours theorique et pratique de livre de Thot*. App
Adoptive Masonry

Adoptive Masonry is a practice in Masonic societies which allows women to become members, something they generally can't otherwise do. It is generally limited to only female relatives of male Masons.

Adoptive Lodges were first established in France in the 18th century, before spreading to other places. The first known Masonic group to "adopt" women were the Mopses. The Felicitaries were established in 1742, and the Fendeurs (Woodcutters) in 1763. Bauchaine, a Master of a Parisian Lodge, modelled the Fendeurs on the Carbonari, and it was notably popular.

The three degrees of the Rite of Adoption were established in the Grand Orient Lodge of France in 1774, and the Duchess of Bourbon was elected as Grand Mistress of France, and many notable French women quickly joined the Lodges of Adoption. By the early 20th century, Lewis Spence writes that the Rite of Adoption had been accepted as part of general Freemasonry, and had been expanded to twelve degrees.

The Ladies' Hospitallers of Mount Tabor added Latin and Greek mysteries to their rite. The Rite of Mizraim created mixed-sex Lodges in 1819, 1821, 1838, and 1853. The Rite of Memphis did so in 1839. In America, the Rite of the Eastern Star was established, which was also a mixed-sex Lodge.

There was an attempt by the Order of the Eastern Star to establish Adoptive Masonry in Scotland, but this was generally unsuccessful.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Spence, L. (1920). *An Encyclopædia of Occultism*. 2 ed. pg. 4
23rd Card (Book of Thoth Tarot)

This card is typically represented using the Queen of Sceptres.

## Upright Position - Woman of the Countryside

In its upright position, this card has the following meanings:

* Household
* Domestic economy
* Honest woman
* Decency
* Civility
* Politeness
* Mildness
* Virtue
* Honour
* Chastity

## Reverse Position - Beautiful/Good Woman

In its reverse position, this card has the following meanings:

* Beauty
* Excellence
* Obliging
* Unofficial
* Helpful
* Kind deed
* Service
* Alms
* Obligation

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Etteilla, (1790). *Cours theorique et pratique de livre de Thot*. App
Actæon

Actæon was a hunter from Greek Mythology.

## Legend

Actæon was a hunter who saw Artemis bathing. As punishment for this, she turned him into a stag and had his own hunting dogs kill him.

## Analysis

This myth is seen as the prototype of the myths wherein a man is punished for breaking the taboo against seeing a goddess naked. It likely served as an inspiration for the myth of Tiresias, who was blinded by Athena for seeing her bathing.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Unknown. (1972). "Actæon", in Leach, M. (ed) *Funk & Wagnalls Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology and Legend*. 3rd ed. p.8
Anagram

An anagram is a word or phrase made by rearranging the letters of another.

It should be noted that, with some of the examples given, the starting phrase of the anagram may need to be transliterated into a different alphabet (the Latin alphabet for the French examples) for the anagram to work (U->V, J->I, etc.)

## History

In the 15th and 16th centuries, many claimed to find hidden meanings in words through their anagrams, and they also claimed these anagrams could be used to predict the future.

In Kabbalah, anagrams have a major role because one of the main aspects of Kabbalah is to find hidden or mysterious meanings in letters or words.

## Examples

In connection to the murder of Henry III, brother of Jacques Clement, *Frère dit Jacques Clément* becomes *C’est l’enfer qui m’a créé* (It's hell that created me).

During a dispute between Fathers Proust and d'Orléans, they made anagrams of each others' names - d'Orléans became *l'Asne d'or* (the Golden Ass), and Proust became *Pur sot* (Pure fool).

There is a story about a man named André Pujon, from high Auvergne, who passed though Lyon on his way to Paris. He had a dream were the anagram of his name was *pendu à Riom* (hanged in Riom). The next day, a fight broke out between him and a man in his inn, and he killed the other man, leading to him being hung eight days later in the square of Riom. An older version has the main character called Jean de Proum, whose name has the same anagram.

J. B. Rosseau took the name Verniettes to distance himself from his father, who was a shoemaker. An anagram of Verniettes is *Tu te Renies* (You deny yourself).

Pierre de Ronsard becomes anagrammed as *Rose de Pindare*. The anagram of *Monde* (world) is *Demon*. The anagram of Amiens is *en amis* (friends), that of Lamartine is *mal t'en ira* (misfortune will befall you), and that of *révolution française* (French Revolution) is *Un Corse te finira* (A Corsican will finish you). The names of the politicians *A. Thiers, Odilon Barrot, Cambolle* in 1848 became *trois Aliboron de la Chambre* (three Aliborons of the Chamber).

The name "cabal" was given to the favoured ministers of Charles II of England (Clifford, Ashley, Buckingham, Arlington, and Lauderdale), because the first letters of these names spelt "cabal".

*Louis quatorzième, roi de France et de Navarre* (Louis XIV, king of France and Navarre) was treated as a prophecy because its anagram was "*Va. Dieu confondra l'armée qui osera te résister*" (Go, God will confound the army that dares to resist you).

In the new testament, Pilate asked Jesus "*Quid est veritas?*" (What is truth?), and then left before he got an answer. An anagram of *Quid est veritas* is *Est vir qui adest* (it is the man who is before you), the answer to the question.

## Further Reading

* *Incredulity and Unbelief, etc.*, Delancre

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 de Plancy, J. C., (1863). *Dictionnaire Infernal*. 6ed. pg.30
2. ↑ de Plancy, J. C., (1863). *Dictionnaire Infernal*. 6ed. pg.31
Andras

Andras is a Grand Marquis of Hell. He has the special role of causing quarrels and discord. He commands thirty legions.

## Appearance

He has the body of an angel and the head of a screech owl. He rides a black wolf and wields a sword.

## Knowledge

Andras can teach his summoner the following:

* How to kill one's enemies
* How to kill one's masters
* How to kill one's servants

## References

1. ↑ de Plancy, J. C., (1863). *Dictionnaire Infernal*. 6ed. pg.32
36th Card (Book of Thoth Tarot)

This card is typically represented using the King of Cups.

## Upright Position - Blond Man

In its upright position, this card has the following meanings:

* Honest man
* Probity
* Equity
* Arts
* Sciences

## Reverse Position - Man in Place

In its reverse position, this card has the following meanings:

* Man of distinguished rank
* Honest man
* Dishonest man
* Mischievousness
* Exaction
* Pillage
* Misappropriation
* Injustice
* Waste
* Delapidation
* Thief
* Rascal
* Brigand

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Etteilla, (1790). *Cours theorique et pratique de livre de Thot*. App
Alexander the Great

For other uses, see Alexander (disambiguation)

Alexander the Great was an ancient Macedonian king who conquered much of the middle east

## Legends

Demonologists claim that Aristotle taught him magic, and according to the tradition of Kabballah, he was knowledgeable in the properties of the elements.

In the rabbinical tradition, he had a dream when planning his conquest of Jerusalem that led him to not mistreat the jews.

## Works

* A book on the properties of the elements (Kabballah tradition)

## Protective Charm

The image of Alexander the Great, engraved in metal under specific conditions, was believed to safeguard its bearer from harm. The image is stated by Trebellius Pollio to be most effective when engraved in gold or silver.

The Macrian family from the 4th century CE made use of these charms, with the men always having an engraved image on their person at all times, while the women had it engraved onto their headdresses, bracelets, and rings.

The people of Antioch also used these charms when St. John Chrysostom tried to convert them to Christianity.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 de Plancy, J. C., (1863). *Dictionnaire Infernal*. 6ed. pg.18
34th Card (Book of Thoth Tarot)

This card is typically represented using the 2 of Sceptres.

## Upright Position - Displeasure

In its upright position, this card has the following meanings:

* Sadness
* Affliction
* Displeasure
* Grief
* Desolation
* Mortification
* Mood
* Falling out
* Melancholy
* Fumes
* Dark thoughts

## Reversed Position - Surprise

In its reversed position, this card has the following meanings:

* Deceit
* Misrepresentation
* Trickery
* Mistake
* Trouble
* Emotion
* Fear
* Terror
* Dread
* Horror
* Consternation
* Surprise
* Admiration
* Rapture
* Alarm
* Marvel
* Phenomenon
* Miracle

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Etteilla, (1790). *Cours theorique et pratique de livre de Thot*. App
Aaron's Rod

Aaron's Rod was a rod used by Aaron during the period of the biblical exodus.

It fits the mythical archetypes of the magic wand, a dry rod blossoming, and the sword in the stone.

## Aaron's Rod

### Effects

Transformation into Snake
Causing Plagues
Producing Food

### Source

Funk & Wagnalls Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology and Legend

## Legends

One account claims that the rod was made of sapphire and inscribed with Hebrew letters, each one signifying one of the Plagues of Egypt.

Another account says that it was one of the twelve rods made by Moses from the Tree of Knowledge.

In the rabbinical tradition, the rod was given by God as a gift to Adam when he was exiled from Eden, and was then passed from father to son until the time of Joseph, upon whose death it was stolen by Jethro the Egyptian. Jethro planted it in his garden, and was then unable to pull it from the ground. Moses came, saw the name of God written on the rod, and read it aloud, allowing him to pull it from the ground. In return for this miracle, Moses was given Jethro's daughter in marriage, as was the custom reward for performing a miracle.

The rod is mentioned in the Books of Exodus and Numbers. When the Pharaoh demanded a sign from Moses and Aaron, Aaron cast the rod before the Pharaoh, whereupon it transformed into a serpent and consumed the serpents made from the staves of the Pharaoh's magicians. Aaron then used it to produce three of the Plagues of Egypt: turning the river to blood, and the plagues of frogs and lice. It later was planted in the tabernacle and was the only one of the twelve rods planted that produced almonds, thus cementing Aaron's role as high priest, and giving his descendants that same position.

Later traditions claim that the rod was used in the construction of the cross on which Jesus was crucified , thus indicating this object has been destroyed.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Unknown. (1972). "Aaron's rod", in Leach, M. (ed) *Funk & Wagnalls Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology and Legend*. 3rd ed. p.1
32nd Card (Book of Thoth Tarot)

This card is typically represented using the 4 of Sceptres.

## Upright Position - Society

In its upright position, this card has the following meanings:

* Association
* Assembly
* Liason
* Federation
* Confederation
* Church
* Gathering
* Multitude
* Mob
* Crowd
* Troupe
* Band
* Company
* Cohort
* Army
* Convocation
* Accompaniment
* Mixture
* Alloy
* Amalgam

## Reverse Position - Happy Progress

In its reverse position, this card has the following meanings:

* Augmentation
* Growth
* Advancement
* Success
* Happiness
* Felicity
* Beauty
* Embellishment

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Etteilla, (1790). *Cours theorique et pratique de livre de Thot*. App
Akhmin

Akhmin is a town in Middle Egypt, once renowned for being home to the greatest magicians.

Paul Lucas mentions it in his second journey, where he discussed the marvelous serpent of Akhmin, which the locals consider an angel, and the Christians consider to be Asmodeus.

## Further Reading

* Bibliotheque Orientale
* Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas, fait en 1714 par ordre de Louis XIV dans la Turquie, l'Asie, Sourie, Paleftine, Haute & Baffe Egypte, &c.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 de Plancy, J. C., (1863). *Dictionnaire Infernal*. 6ed. pg.13