Arnadjanai languages

The Arnadjanai languages are a family of languages used by the Arnadjanai race and its descendant cultures.

## Languages

One notable ancestor of the Arnadjanai languages on Jerde was the Laduran language, used by the majority Lūvundarai race.

### Modern Arnadjanai languages on Jerde

The language of the Arnadjanai of Jennomboro is the most straightforward example of an Arnadjanai language in modern times, even though other descendants also exist among different Arnadjanai communities elsewhere.

Nevkreno, Heronoja, and Kitasa also have their own Arnadjanai languages.

### Bujanski Arnadjanai

In modern Bujan, three dialects were used by local Arnadjanai as their native languages: Western Arnadjanai, Urban Arnadjanai (or Nasarpollo Arnadjanai), and Eastern Arnadjanai.

Western Arnadjanai is the most widespread, and the former standard of all Arnadjanai languages in Bujan during the war for independence. It continues to thrive, but the speech of Nasarpollo became the new standard.

Nasarpollo Arnadjanai, or "Urban", is the dialect used in the self-styled republic and in Koscheigrad. It has a heavy Bujanski influence, with much of its phonology being "harmonised".

Eastern Arnadjanai is the dialect primarily spoken in eastern and northern provinces. It sounds more "coarse" than the other two dialects, mocked as the speech of drunks and hooligans, or promoted as a romantic language for farmers in the scenic fields.

## Scripts

Most Arnadjanai of ancient times used to write in ideograms, while the Naumakanir elites used a syllabary with diacritics for long vowels and consonant clusters.

Arnadjanai in Jennomboro (their own country in Randros) use the Common script.

### Bujanski Arnajanai dialects

West and Nasarpollo Arnadjanai are written in Bujanski letters, while Eastern Arnadjanai is written in Common letters.

Several proposals to adapt the native ideograms into the three modern dialects in Bujan failed, as they were not as popular as the two alphabets. They are mostly used in art rather than daily communication.

## Conjugation

### Nominative

"the horse" - lūvar (C), lūvor (EA)

male, female, neuter, plural

#### East Arnadjanai

* -o(r), -ir/-a/-ai/-e, -(o)s/-, -ai, -ei, -er
	+ -oi is used for non-living objects

### Accusative

"to the horse" - lūvunar (C) - lūvor (EA)

#### Classical

* -un(ar), -un(ir), -un(iš), -ûrrai/-ûrrar

#### East Arnadjanai

* -o(r), -ir/-a/-ai/-e, -(o)s/-, -ai, -ei, -er

### Genitive

"of the horse/the horse's" - lūva(s)jat (C) - lūvuv (EA)

#### Classical

* -(s)jat, -(s)jatir, -(s)jatuš, -(s)jatār

### User conjugation

"doer/user of the horse" - lūvunar/lūvaxar (C) - lūvzera (EA)

nominative, accusative, genitive

#### Classical

* -un(ar/ai); -(n)ûrvur, -(n)ûrvai; -(s)janun
	+ -xar is a default affix for users, although it is masculine.
	+ -xara is exclusively for high-ranking females.
	+ -nunar, -nar specifically means "doer of" or "of an occupation".

## Pronouns

### East Arnadjanai

nominative; accusative; genitive

az/ai - masc/fem

* I: az, oz/ai - mâ/mæ - mân, man/mæn
	+ mān is a casual way to say "I".
* thou: dū - do - don/dæn
* he/she: djo/ša - žo/šæ - djon/djæn
* it: di - da - din
* singular they:
* we: makh(od)/makhai - makhtoi - makhon
* you all: soi - soi - sonoi
* plural they: djoi - djoi - djonai

#### East Arnadjanai

* -jal/-al, -(o)ti, -dânti

* Continuous

"I am going"

### Basic verbs

* vaši, vaš - is, to be, are
	+ (E) - vez (not often used)

### Other affixes

#### Negative

* Classical: -nan
* East Bujanski: -no

#### Passive

* Classical: ma- -(a)ti
* East Bujanski: mâ- -(u/o)ti

## Affixes

### Prepositions

* -gís - in
	+ (E) -in, -īn
* -gi - above
	+ (E) -liet

* hil(a) ... - towards
	+ (E) irre ..., ir-

* (?) - from
	+ (E) nōž-
* (?) - around
	+ (E) urjō-

### Size and amount

* katjas - lesser
* katji - small

### Others

* za - this
	+ (E) -za
* ūsjâr ... - if
	+ (E) osæ ...
* -pan, palai, mat(av)ū̩r - land of
	+ (E) -von, -mâ̄n(dur)
* -pala - town of
	+ (E) - pôl
* -raši, -raski - denizen of
	+ (E) -ser
* ad - and
	+ (E) ot

## Question words

* madjūra - where
	+ (E) māž

* mad-anna - who
	+ (E) medž

* mad - what
	+ (E) mæz

* mad-ikur - why
	+ (E) mikh

## Basic terms

* an, ai - yea
	+ (E) ǣn
* nā - no
	+ (E) nâ
* -nad, -nā, -nān, -nan - not
	+ (E) - nâi

* -i, -ni, -li
	+ (E) -li
* -at - (adjective)
* ... ska(u), ... skai - is, be, am
	+ ska(u) for males, skai for females
	+ (E) ... ska

## Numbers

### Classical

* 0; 1-10 - mixun; ara, nada, láu, jāra, nausa, uján(da), juta, maita, aija, hài/jūni
* 1-12 - jūnara, jūnada
* 20 - lun
* 21 - lunâra
* 30 - thûxai
* 100 - na̩š
* 1000 - djûrai
* 10000 - nuvâira
* 100000 - bjavar
* million - djavīja

### East Arnadjanai

* 0; 1-10 - mækson; âr, nâd, læ, jer, nōs, jend, jūti, mēto, ejan, hoi
* 11-12 - jâri, odžæ
* 20 - lon
* 21 - lonâr
* 30 - thexâ
* 100 - noš(or)
* 1000 - džure
* 10000 - nyron
* million - tāvjo

## Trivia

* The author based the Classical Arnadjanai language on Old Persian and Sanskrit.
* Their modern descendants -- East (E) and West Arnadjanai (W) -- were based on Ossetian.
	+ East Arnadjanai is Paxoti's native language, even though she always uses Bujanski to communicate with her friends and family.

### Pronunciation

* â, ô - (E) [ɒ~ɔ]
* æ - (E) [æ~(j)ɛ]
* dj - [ɟ], (E) [d͡ʐ~d͡ʑ]
* j - [j]
* kh - [x]
* š - [ʃ], (E) [ʂ~ɕ]
* th - [θ]
* x - [k͡s]

#### Classical Arnadjanai tones

* â, ā̂ - high
* á - rising
* à - falling
* a̩ - low

## See also

* Arnadjanai glossary
* Eastern Arnadjanai glossary
* Heronoi language
* Bujanski language
* Bujanski glossary