Alcedo atthis

(*Alcedo atthis*)
## Subspecies

* *A. a. atthis* (northern Africa & western Asia)
* *A. a. bengalensis* (southern & eastern Asia)
* *A. a. floresiana* (Bali & Timor)
* *A. a. hispidoides* (Sulawesi, New Guinea & western Pacific)
* *A. a. ispida* (Europe & Middle-East)
* *A. a. solomonensis* (Solomon Islands)
* *A. a. taprobana* (Sri Lanka & southern India)

## Other Names

* Eurasian kingfisher
* European kingfisher
* River kingfisher

## Habitats

### Major

* 5.1 Permanent rivers
* 5.5 Permanent lakes

### Suitable

* 1.7 Tropical/subtropical mangrove forests
* 4.6 Tropical/subtropical flooded grasslands
* 5.4 Swamps and peatlands
* 9.10 Estuaries
* 12.1 Rocky shorelines
* 12.6 Tidepools
* 14.4 Rural gardens
* 14.5 Urban areas
* 15.1 Water storage areas
* 15.2 Ponds
* 15.5 Open excavations
* 15.9 Canals and drainage channels

## Distribution

### Ecozones

* Australasia
* Afrotropic
* Indomalaya
* Palearctic

### Terrestrial Ecoregions

* AA0101 Admiralty Islands lowland rain forests
* AA0102 Banda Sea Islands moist deciduous forests
* AA0104 Buru rain forests
* AA0106 Halmahera rain forests
* AA0107 Huon Peninsula montane rain forests
* AA0110 Louisiade Archipelago rain forests
* AA0111 New Britain-New Ireland lowland rain forests
* AA0112 New Britain-New Ireland montane rain forests
* AA0115 Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests
* AA0118 Seram rain forests
* AA0119 Solomon Islands rain forests
* AA0120 Southeastern Papuan rain forests
* AA0123 Sulawesi lowland rain forests
* AA0124 Sulawesi montane rain forests
* AA0125 Trobriand Islands rain forests
* AA0128 Vogelkop-Aru lowland rain forests
* AA0201 Lesser Sundas deciduous forests
* AA0203 Sumba deciduous forests
* AA0204 Timor and Wetar deciduous forests
* AA1401 New Guinea mangroves
* AT0801 Al Hajar montane woodlands
* AT1306 Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert
* AT1317 Red Sea coastal desert
* IM0101 Andaman Islands rain forests
* IM0102 Borneo lowland rain forests
* IM0103 Borneo montane rain forests
* IM0104 Borneo peat swamp forests
* IM0105 Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests
* IM0106 Cardamom Mountains rain forests
* IM0107 Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests
* IM0108 Chao Phraya lowland moist deciduous forests
* IM0109 Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests
* IM0111 Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests
* IM0112 Eastern Java-Bali montane rain forests
* IM0113 Eastern Java-Bali rain forests
* IM0114 Greater Negros-Panay rain forests
* IM0115 Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests
* IM0116 Irrawaddy freshwater swamp forests
* IM0117 Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests
* IM0118 Jian Nan subtropical evergreen forests
* IM0119 Kayah-Karen montane rain forests
* IM0120 Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
* IM0121 Luang Prabang montane rain forests
* IM0122 Luzon montane rain forests
* IM0123 Luzon rain forests
* IM0124 Malabar Coast moist forests
* IM0126 Meghalaya subtropical forests
* IM0127 Mentawai Islands rain forests
* IM0128 Mindanao montane rain forests
* IM0129 Mindanao-Eastern Visayas rain forests
* IM0130 Mindoro rain forests
* IM0131 Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests
* IM0132 Myanmar coastal rain forests
* IM0133 Nicobar Islands rain forests
* IM0134 North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests
* IM0135 North Western Ghats montane rain forests
* IM0136 Northern Annamites rain forests
* IM0137 Northern Indochina subtropical forests
* IM0138 Northern Khorat Plateau moist deciduous forests
* IM0139 Northern Thailand-Laos moist deciduous forests
* IM0140 Northern Triangle subtropical forests
* IM0141 Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests
* IM0142 Orissa semi-evergreen forests
* IM0143 Palawan rain forests
* IM0144 Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests
* IM0145 Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests
* IM0146 Peninsular Malaysian rain forests
* IM0147 Red River freshwater swamp forests
* IM0149 South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests
* IM0150 South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests
* IM0151 South Western Ghats montane rain forests
* IM0152 Southern Annamites montane rain forests
* IM0153 Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests
* IM0154 Sri Lanka lowland rain forests
* IM0155 Sri Lanka montane rain forests
* IM0156 Sulu Archipelago rain forests
* IM0157 Sumatran freshwater swamp forests
* IM0158 Sumatran lowland rain forests
* IM0159 Sumatran montane rain forests
* IM0160 Sumatran peat swamp forests
* IM0161 Sundaland heath forests
* IM0162 Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests
* IM0163 Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests
* IM0164 Tonle Sap freshwater swamp forests
* IM0165 Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests
* IM0166 Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
* IM0167 Western Java montane rain forests
* IM0168 Western Java rain forests
* IM0169 Hainan Island monsoon rain forests
* IM0170 Nansei Islands subtropical evergreen forests
* IM0171 South Taiwan monsoon rain forests
* IM0172 Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests
* IM0201 Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests
* IM0202 Central Indochina dry forests
* IM0203 Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests
* IM0204 East Deccan dry-evergreen forests
* IM0205 Irrawaddy dry forests
* IM0206 Kathiawar-Gir dry deciduous forests
* IM0207 Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests
* IM0208 Northern dry deciduous forests
* IM0209 South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests
* IM0210 Southeastern Indochina dry evergreen forests
* IM0211 Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests
* IM0212 Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests
* IM0301 Himalayan subtropical pine forests
* IM0302 Luzon tropical pine forests
* IM0303 Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests
* IM0304 Sumatran tropical pine forests
* IM0401 Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests
* IM0402 Northern Triangle temperate forests
* IM0403 Western Himalayan broadleaf forests
* IM0501 Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests
* IM0502 Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests
* IM0701 Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands
* IM0901 Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh
* IM1001 Kinabalu montane alpine meadows
* IM1301 Deccan thorn scrub forests
* IM1302 Indus Valley desert
* IM1303 Northwestern thorn scrub forests
* IM1304 Thar desert
* IM1401 Godavari-Krishna mangroves
* IM1402 Indochina mangroves
* IM1403 Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves
* IM1404 Myanmar Coast mangroves
* IM1405 Sunda Shelf mangroves
* IM1406 Sundarbans mangroves
* PA0101 Guizhou Plateau broadleaf and mixed forests
* PA0102 Yunnan Plateau subtropical evergreen forests
* PA0401 Appenine deciduous montane forests
* PA0402 Atlantic mixed forests
* PA0404 Balkan mixed forests
* PA0405 Baltic mixed forests
* PA0406 Cantabrian mixed forests
* PA0407 Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests
* PA0408 Caucasus mixed forests
* PA0409 Celtic broadleaf forests
* PA0410 Central Anatolian deciduous forests
* PA0411 Central China loess plateau mixed forests
* PA0412 Central European mixed forests
* PA0413 Central Korean deciduous forests
* PA0414 Changbai Mountains mixed forests
* PA0415 Changjiang Plain evergreen forests
* PA0416 Crimean Submediterranean forest complex
* PA0417 Daba Mountains evergreen forests
* PA0418 Dinaric Mountains mixed forests
* PA0419 East European forest steppe
* PA0421 English Lowlands beech forests
* PA0422 Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests
* PA0423 Hokkaido deciduous forests
* PA0424 Huang He Plain mixed forests
* PA0426 Manchurian mixed forests
* PA0427 Nihonkai evergreen forests
* PA0428 Nihonkai montane deciduous forests
* PA0430 Northeast China Plain deciduous forests
* PA0431 Pannonian mixed forests
* PA0432 Po Basin mixed forests
* PA0433 Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests
* PA0434 Qin Ling Mountains deciduous forests
* PA0435 Rodope montane mixed forests
* PA0436 Sarmatic mixed forests
* PA0437 Sichuan Basin evergreen broadleaf forests
* PA0438 South Sakhalin-Kurile mixed forests
* PA0439 Southern Korea evergreen forests
* PA0440 Taiheiyo evergreen forests
* PA0441 Taiheiyo montane deciduous forests
* PA0443 Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests
* PA0444 Western Siberian hemiboreal forests
* PA0445 Western European broadleaf forests
* PA0446 Zagros Mountains forest steppe
* PA0501 Alps conifer and mixed forests
* PA0502 Altai montane forest and forest steppe
* PA0503 Caledon conifer forests
* PA0504 Carpathian montane forests
* PA0505 Da Hinggan-Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests
* PA0506 East Afghan montane conifer forests
* PA0507 Elburz Range forest steppe
* PA0509 Hengduan Mountains subalpine conifer forests
* PA0510 Hokkaido montane conifer forests
* PA0511 Honshu alpine conifer forests
* PA0513 Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests
* PA0514 Northeastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests
* PA0515 Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests
* PA0516 Nujiang Langcang Gorge alpine conifer and mixed forests
* PA0518 Qionglai-Minshan conifer forests
* PA0519 Sayan montane conifer forests
* PA0521 Tian Shan montane conifer forests
* PA0601 East Siberian taiga
* PA0603 Kamchatka-Kurile meadows and sparse forests
* PA0606 Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga
* PA0607 Sakhalin Island taiga
* PA0608 Scandinavian and Russian taiga
* PA0609 Trans-Baikal conifer forests
* PA0801 Alai-Western Tian Shan steppe
* PA0802 Altai steppe and semi-desert
* PA0804 Daurian forest steppe
* PA0805 Eastern Anatolian montane steppe
* PA0806 Emin Valley steppe
* PA0808 Gissaro-Alai open woodlands
* PA0809 Kazakh forest steppe
* PA0810 Kazakh steppe
* PA0812 Middle East steppe
* PA0813 Mongolian-Manchurian grassland
* PA0814 Pontic steppe
* PA0815 Sayan Intermontane steppe
* PA0816 Selenge-Orkhon forest steppe
* PA0817 South Siberian forest steppe
* PA0818 Tian Shan foothill arid steppe
* PA0901 Amur meadow steppe
* PA0902 Bohai Sea saline meadow
* PA0903 Nenjiang River grassland
* PA0904 Nile Delta flooded savanna
* PA0905 Saharan halophytics
* PA0906 Tigris-Euphrates alluvial salt marsh
* PA0907 Suiphun-Khanka meadows and forest meadows
* PA0908 Yellow Sea saline meadow
* PA1001 Altai alpine meadow and tundra
* PA1003 Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
* PA1004 Ghorat-Hazarajat alpine meadow
* PA1005 Hindu Kush alpine meadow
* PA1006 Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe
* PA1010 Mediterranean High Atlas juniper steppe
* PA1012 Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
* PA1014 Pamir alpine desert and tundra
* PA1016 Sayan Alpine meadows and tundra
* PA1017 Southeast Tibet shrub and meadows
* PA1018 Sulaiman Range alpine meadows
* PA1019 Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows
* PA1021 Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
* PA1022 Yarlung Tsangpo arid steppe
* PA1112 Trans-Baikal Bald Mountain tundra
* PA1201 Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests
* PA1202 Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests
* PA1204 Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests
* PA1205 Crete Mediterranean forests
* PA1206 Cyprus Mediterranean forests
* PA1207 Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests
* PA1208 Iberian conifer forests
* PA1209 Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests
* PA1210 Illyrian deciduous forests
* PA1211 Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests
* PA1212 Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets
* PA1213 Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe
* PA1214 Mediterranean woodlands and forests
* PA1215 Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests
* PA1216 Northwest Iberian montane forests
* PA1217 Pindus Mountains mixed forests
* PA1218 South Appenine mixed montane forests
* PA1219 Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands
* PA1220 Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests
* PA1221 Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests
* PA1222 Tyrrhenian-Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests
* PA1301 Afghan Mountains semi-desert
* PA1303 Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands
* PA1305 Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe
* PA1306 Badghyz and Karabil semi-desert
* PA1307 Baluchistan xeric woodlands
* PA1308 Caspian lowland desert
* PA1309 Central Afghan Mountains xeric woodlands
* PA1310 Central Asian northern desert
* PA1311 Central Asian riparian woodlands
* PA1312 Central Asian southern desert
* PA1313 Central Persian desert basins
* PA1314 Eastern Gobi desert steppe
* PA1315 Gobi Lakes Valley desert steppe
* PA1316 Great Lakes Basin desert steppe
* PA1317 Junggar Basin semi-desert
* PA1320 Mesopotamian shrub desert
* PA1321 North Saharan steppe and woodlands
* PA1322 Paropamisus xeric woodlands
* PA1323 Persian Gulf desert and semi-desert
* PA1325 Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert
* PA1326 Registan-North Pakistan sandy desert
* PA1328 South Iran Nubo-Sindian desert and semi-desert