调光控制.调光控制器与系统

**以下译文来自121-01-万泽新**

COURSE DESCRIPTION
Dimming Controls is a two-part series that educates participants about dimming control of electric lighting. Part 2 describes equipment used to enable dimming in commercial and residential buildings. Manufacturers offer a broad array of dimming solutions, from basic wallbox dimmers to sophisticated dimming systems designed for controlling complex loads, programming, recall and other features. Dimming controls can be categorized as basic wallbox dimmers, integrated dimmers, modular dimmers, low-voltage dimmers and preset dimmers.
课程描述
调光控制是由两部分组成, 第一部分介绍了电气照明调光的教育参与者。第2部分介绍了用于使调光在商业和住宅建筑设备中的应用。制造商提供一系列广泛调光的解决方案 ，从基本的用于控制复杂的负载墙盒调光器设计，编程，召回等多种功能先进的调光系统。调光控制可以被归类为基本墙盒内调光器，集成调光器，模块化调光器，低电压的调光器和预置调光器
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• professionally use general knowledge they will gain about different types of dimming controls, including wallbox dimmers, integrated dimmers, dimming systems and control stations.
• match wallbox dimmers to appropriate applications, apply single-pole, three-way and multilocation dimmers to projects, consider dimming systems based on digital dimming ballasts and distributed controllers, and understand the impact on the design that occurs when grouping dimmers.
• know important questions to ask about dimming controls prior to design and specification, how to match diming controls to control zones, and guidance on locating equipment on plans.
• have the knowledge and vocabulary to conceptualize application of dimming control equipment to projects
学习目标
•专业使用，他们将获得有关不同类型的调光控制，包括墙盒调光器，调光器的集成，调光系统和控制站的一般知识。
匹配墙盒内调光到适当的应用程序，应用单刀三路和多地点调光器的项目，着重调光系统以数字调光镇流器和分布式控制器系统为基础，并理解该分组调光器时，会发生的设计的影响。
知道问关于调光控制设计和规范现有的重要问题，如何搭配调光控制去控制相关的区域，并有计划地指导定位设备。
•用知识和词汇概念化调光控制设备在工程项目上的应用
WALLBOX DIMMERS
The wallbox dimmer is a simple control device that installs at the wall switch between the power supply and the lighting load. Manual control is typically the input, although the dimmer may be designed to accept commands from other devices such as other dimmers. As an output, it either dims the lamps (incandescent/halogen) or signals a compatible dimming ballast or driver to dim the lamps (fluorescent, HID, LED).
墙盒调光器
墙盒调光器是安装在电源和照明负载之间的墙壁开关的简单的控制装置。 典型的输入是手动控制，虽然调光器可被设计成接受来自其他设备的命令，如其他调光器的命令。作为输出，调暗灯泡（白炽灯/卤素灯）、调节信号兼容的调光镇流器、调节驱动程序都可以调暗灯（荧光灯，HID，LED）。
WALLBOX DIMMERS: THEORY OF OPERATION
Line-voltage incandescent/halogen lamp dimmers use a phase control method, turning the lamps ON and OFF 120 times per second and "chopping" the ON or OFF cycle to create what is perceived as smooth, continuous dimming.
The longer the light is ON versus OFF, the higher the output. The longer the light is OFF versus ON, the lower the output. Variations on the phase control method are used for low-voltage halogen lamp dimming.
墙盒调光器：操作原理
线电压的白炽灯/卤素灯调光器，采用相位控制的方法，把灯每秒和每“通断次数”打开和关闭120次。通过打开和关闭的循环周期去使它成为流畅、连续的调光。
打开和关闭相比，灯打开得越久光能输出量就越高，关闭与打开相比，灯关闭得越久光能输出量就越低。相位控制方式的变化被用于低电压卤素灯的调光

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灯光暗了25%

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 WALLBOX DIMMERS: THEORY OF OPERATION

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In a fluorescent, HID or LED dimming system, the actual dimming is done by a dimmable ballast or driver designed to accept control signals as an input and dim the lamps as an output. The ballasts are typically wired in parallel so the load can be controlled in unison.
The control signal circuit may be low or line voltage, with the signal and receiver ranges matched as closely as possible for desired performance.
TWALLBOX调光器：操作原理
在荧光，HID或LED调光系统，实际的调光由一个可调光镇流器或驱动器设计以接受控制信号作为输入，并调暗灯作为输入电路，完成镇流器的平行连接，以便负载可以一致地进行控制。控制信号电路可以是低电压或线电压，以作为紧密匹配尽可能为期望的性能信号，并接收范围。

WALLBOX DIMMERS: APPLICATIONS
Wallbox dimmers are desirable anywhere flexibility is needed. Suitable applications include auditoriums, classrooms, conference rooms, laboratories, library reading areas, lunch/break rooms, medical exam rooms, museums, private offices, restaurants, certain retail sales areas and residences.
墙盒调光器：应用
壁套的调光器是任何位置的灵活性所需要的。适合的应用场所包括礼堂，教室，会议室，实验室，图书馆阅读区，午餐/休息的房间，体检室，博物馆，私人办公室，餐厅，某些零售销售区域和住宅。
WALLBOX DIMMERS: BASIC MODEL
Wallbox dimmers can be categorized according to depth of functionality. The basic wallbox dimmer is a manual control that enables users to control light levels. Various configurations are available including linear slides, rotary knobs and raise/lower buttons. Various types of styling are also available to complement architectural interiors.
墙盒调光器：基本模型
墙盒调光器可根据功能的深度进行分类。基本的墙盒调光器是手动控制，使用户能够控制灯光亮度。有可供选择的不同位置，包括线性滑块，旋钮和升/降按钮。各类造型也可用来补充建筑室内装饰。
WALLBOX DIMMERS: DIMMER/OCCUPANCY SENSOR
The wall-box dimmer can be combined with a manual switch or occupancy sensor which automatically switches the lights based on occupancy. The switch enables the load to be turned OFF if the dimmer itself does not allow the lamps to be fully turned OFF.
墙盒调光器：调光/占用传感器
墙盒调光器可以用手动开关或占用传感器在自动切换的基础上与灯光相结合。如果调光器本身不允许灯完全熄灭，所述开关将使负载断开。

WALLBOX DIMMERS: INTEGRATED DIMMERS
Integrated dimmers, also called preset dimmers or architectural dimmers, are programmable dimmers with a bank of preset controls. The user can program and then recall multiple lighting scenes for multiple zones by pressing a button or based on a set schedule. Universal circuitry allows each dimmer output (channel) to control all types of lighting loads.
墙盒调光器：集成调光器
综合调光器，也称为预置调光器或建筑调光器，是预置控制的可编程调光器存储库。用户可以编程，然后按一个按钮，在一组时间表上反映多个照明场景的多个区域。通用电路允许每个调光输出（通道）控制所有类型的照明负载。
WALLBOX DIMMERS: INTEGRATED DIMMERS
Integrated dimmers may be categorized as Level 1 or Level 2. Level 1 integrated dimmers control a single circuit and offer multizone control with either a single preset or multiple presets. Level II dimmers control multiple circuits and multiple zones, with either a single or multiple presets. These presets permit various lighting scenes to be created in several lighting zones around the building. Some dimmers include a built-in astronomical timeclock to enable event scheduling.
墙盒调光器：集成调光器
综合调光器可被归类为1级和2级，无论是单个预设或多个预设，1级调光器集成控制单个电路，并提供多区控制， 2级调光器控制多个电路和多个区域，这些预设准许他人在建筑物周围的几个照明区创建不同的照明场景。一些调光器包括一个事件记录的内置时钟。
WALLBOX DIMMERS: INTEGRATED DIMMERS
As an example, a given dimmer may permit four preset scenes. Auxiliary controls, such as handheld infrared (IR) remotes, provide remote control of all or any single scene. In a conference room, this system could create unique lighting scenes to support a variety of functions, such as lectures, presentations, slide projections or meetings.
墙盒调光器：集成调光器
作为一个例子，一个给定的调光器可允许四个预设场景。辅助控制，如手持式红外（IR）遥控器，提供所有遥控或者任何一个场景。在一间会议室，这个系统可以创造出独特的灯光场景，支持多种功能，如讲座，演讲，幻灯片投影和会议。

WALLBOX DIMMERS: NETWORKING
Some wallbox dimmers are now designed to respond to commands from other devices such as keypads, master control stations and other wallbox dimmers. These systems allow the dimming function to be distributed, eliminating wiring runs back to an equipment closet housing a dimming panel. The devices may communicate using dedicated low-voltage wiring, over power wiring or via wireless radio-frequency (RF) signals
墙盒调光器：NETWORKING
现在，有些墙盒调光器为了其它设备的命令而被设计，如键盘，主控站和其他调光墙盒响应。这些系统允许的调光功能被分开，缩短布线在一个设备中作用，使调光板内置于一个储藏柜中。该设备在使用专用的低电压布线时可通过电力线或无线射频（RF）信号进行通信。

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CONFIGURATIONS: SINGLE-POLE DIMMER

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Wallbox dimmers can be categorized as single-pole, three-way or multi-location. Single-pole dimmers control the lights from a single location.
配置：单POLE调光器
墙盒调光器可被分类为单极，三路及多位置。单极调光器控制的灯具来源于单个位置
CONFIGURATIONS: THREE-WAY DIMMER WITH SWITCHES
Three-way dimmers dim the lights from one location, with connected three- and four-way switches added to turn the lights ON to the dimmer level or OFF from multiple locations.
配置：带开关的THREE-WAY调光器
三路调光器通过一个位置来调暗灯光，与所连接的三路和四路开关连在一起，并打开灯的调光水平或关闭多个位置。

CONFIGURATIONS: MULTILOCATION CONTROLS
Multilocation dimmers can be used with accessory dimmers for full control of the lights from an unlimited number of locations.
配置：多地点CONTROLS
多地点调光器为了更好的控制来源于无限数量位置的灯光可与辅助调光器一起应用。

GROUPING DIMMERS
Multiple dimmers may be needed for control of multiple lighting circuits in the same space. For this purpose, wallbox dimmers may be co-located in single-, two- and multi-gang configurations.
If the dimmers must be spaced similarly to switches, then two- and multi-gang configurations are used. For some dimmer products, this may require removing part of the heat sink (as shown here to the right), which reduces the capacity (load) the dimmer can control.
GROUPING调光器
多调光器可能需要在同一个空间的多个照明电路中控制。为此，墙盒调光器可以共存于单，双和多联配置中。
是否调光器也必须同样使用间隔开关，然后与二个和多联配置一起使用，对于一些调光器产品而言，这可能需要散去一部分热量（如下所示向右）来降低调光器控制负载的能力。

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散入片破碎

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**以下译文来自121-06-王美昌**

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DIMMING SYSTEMS

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Dimming systems are the next step up from wallbox dimmers in terms of performance and sophistication. They enable control of large, complex lighting loads.
调光系统
调光系统就性能和复杂性方面而言内置于墙盒调光器中。它们能控制大型，复杂的照明负载
DIMMING SYSTEMS: POWER PACKS
One approach is to use power packs, also called power extenders or boosters, to increase wallbox dimmer capacity and handle larger lighting loads. The pack acts as the controller, and can accept additional inputs from other devices such as timeclocks and photosensors
调光系统：电池组件
一种方法是使用电源组，也称为电源扩展器或助推器，以增加墙壁调光器的调光能力并能承载更大的照明负载。该组件类似于控制器，它能接受来自其他设备的额外输入，如时钟和光传感器
DIMMING SYSTEMS: DIMMING PANELS
Another type of dimming system consists of a centrally located dimming panel connected to distributed dimmers and/or control stations via low-voltage wiring. The panel contains dimmer modules capable of robust dimming of small and large loads involving a variety of lamp types. The dimmers and control stations provide the user interface, enabling programmable scene recall, individual circuit control and scheduling. The dimming panel also serves as an integrated controller able to accept inputs from other devices such as switches, occupancy sensors, photosensors, timeclocks and other building systems.
调光系统：调光电柜
另一种类型的调光系统组成了一个位于由低压连接线连接到分布式调光器和/或控制站的调光面板上。该面板有过度调光能力的调光模块，可调制各种大小不同负载的灯。该调光器和控制站提供用户界面，使可编程场景重调用，使单个电路控制和调度。调光面板也可作为能够接受来自其他设备的输入，如开关，占用传感器，光传感器，打卡器和其他建筑系统。

DIMMING SYSTEMS: DIMMING PANELS
A dimming panel includes an enclosure, process that assigns zones (channels) to lighting circuits, wiring terminations, dimmer modules (dimmers), power-switching relays (optional) and outputs to the connected loads. Due to digital construction, panels are getting smaller and lighter, allowing for higher dimmer densities within the panel.
The panel is typically installed in the electrical closet on the floor or the wall; if installed in the electrical room, it can be specified to include overcurrent protection (breakers). Panels may be networked together for centralized control from a PC.
调光系统：调光电柜
一个调光面板包括一个外壳，对照明线路分区的过程，接线端子，调光模块（调光器），电源开关继电器（可选），并输出到连接的负载。由于数字结构，面板的尺寸越来越小，更轻，允许在面板内有更高的调光密度。
面板通常安装在地板上或墙壁的密室中，如果安装在电气室，它可以被指定为包括过流保护（断路器）。面板被一起联网是为了从PC端上集中控制。
CONTROL STATIONS
The control station is the "brain" of the dimming system and tells the dimming panel and its dimmers what to do. Control stations may install at the wallbox, but they are not wallbox dimmers. Control stations allow control of multiple lighting circuits from one unit, which can be simpler and more visually pleasing than a row of dimmers on the wall. Some stations enable integration with other lighting control devices and building systems
控制站
控制站的调光系统是“大脑”，并讲述了调光面板和调光器应做什么。控制站可以安装在墙盒内，但它们不是墙盒调光器。控制站允许来自于一个单元的多个照明线路的控制，它可以很简单，比一排在墙壁调光器的视觉上有更令人愉悦的控制。一些控制站将其他的照明控制装置和建筑系统整合在一起

CONTROL STATIONS: INTERFACE
The interface may feature buttons, which may be factory preset to spec or set on-site, or programmable LCD touchscreen complete with graphics.Some control stations feature an IR receiver
界面设置功能按键，这可能是出厂时预设的规格或界面，或完成图像的可编程LCD触摸屏，一些控制站设置配备了红外接收器，这使得通过手持遥控器编程和控制

CONTROL STATIONS: MASTER STATIONS
Some digital dimming systems allow one control station to act as a master controller for the system. This means that each control station can be individually programmed and controlled by users, or all can be programmed and controlled as a group by a single control station accessible to the facility operator, typically found in partitioned spaces such as ballrooms
控制站：主站
一些数字调光系统允许一个控制站充当主控制器的系统。这意味着每个控制站可分别编程和由用户控制，或者通过一个单一控制站进入这个典型的设备服务器后，所有的都会被预调和控制成一组，如宴会厅
DIMMING SYSTEMS: DIMMABLE BALLASTS
Another type of dimming system features a digital architecture based on DALI or a proprietary protocol, and uses digital dimming ballasts as the point of control. In this type of system, the ballasts are wired directly to the wall controller or other device, simplifying wiring and eliminating the need for individual dimmer modules and dimming control panels. For more information, take the Education Express module covering digital dimmable ballasts.
调光系统：可调光镇流器
另一种类型的调光系统的功能基于DALI或专有协议的数字体系结构，并且使用数字调光镇流器作为控制点。在这种类型的系统中，所述镇流器被直接连接到墙壁控制器或其他设备，简化布线并省去了单独的调光模块和调光控制面板。欲了解更多信息，可采取涵盖了数字调光镇流器的教育快车模块

DIMMING SYSTEMS: DISTRIBUTED CONTROLLERS
And another type of dimming system uses distributed micropanels within a digital communication architecture instead of a centralized panel or networked ballasts. With this approach, the micropanels are distributed close to the loads they control, and can provide switching or dimming of standard analog dimming ballasts. In this executive office, a two-relay dimming room controller is configured for automatic-ON to 50%/automatic-OFF operation for the pendant luminaires and manual-ON operation for the whiteboard lighting, with all lighting dimmable using 0-10VDC ballasts and digital dimmers with four-scene personal remote
调光系统：分布式控制器
另一种类型的调光系统采用的是数字通信架构，而不是一个集中面板或联网镇流器内分布的微通道。用这种方法，微通道的分布接近它们所控制的负荷，并能提供开关或标准化模拟调光镇流器调光。在这种行政办公室，两继电器调光室控制器配置为挂件灯具和自动打开操作白板照明，到50％/自动关闭操作，所有的照明调光用0-10VDC镇流器和四个场景的个人远程数字调光器

SPECIFICATION TIPS
TIPS规范
Item（标题） Description(描述）
Ensure loads are clearly defined（确保负载清晰地被限制）
 Provide/Indicate load type, total connected load, circuit numbers and dimming system load schedule on drawings.
提供/指示负载类型，总的连接负载，线路和数字调光系统负载表在图纸上已标明。
Control stations（控制站） Clearly indicate type of control station (scenes, channels) and location on drawings
.清楚地表明在图纸控制站（场景，通道）和位置的类型。

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 Commissioning （调试）

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 Clearly state design intent, responsibilities and deliverables should be included in bid from contractor.
清晰地标明了设计意图，责任和应包括在承包商投标之中的可交付成果
Specification to include design intent（规格中包括设计目的） Clearly articulate all specified dimming system functions and features, including channel/zone functionality, preset lighting scenes
清晰地阐明所有指定调光系统的功能和特性，包括信道/区域功能，预置灯光场景和褪色率。

Ensure compatibility（保证兼容性） All lamps, auxiliary components and control devices should be listed as compatible with one another by their respective manufacturers.
所有的灯，辅助元件和控制装置都应标出，目的是为了与其他厂商生产后有一定的兼容。

Dimming equipment（调光设备）
 Ensure dimmer racks or cabinets are located in areas that are well ventilated and allow for possible noise from dimming equipment
确保调光器机架或机柜位于通风良好的地方，并尽可能允许有来自调光设备中的噪声
Dimmer modules（调光模块）
 Ensure dimmer module selection best suits lamp type to minimize lamp filament sing.
确保调光模块选择最适合的灯型，以减少灯丝挥发

CONTROL ZONES
Control zoning is a critical part of the design process. A control zone is a lamp or group of lamps controlled simultaneously as a single entity by a single controller. In the case of dimming panels, these zones are served by outputs called "channels."
Zones are typically established based on types of tasks to be lighted, lighting schedules, types of lighting systems, architectural finishes/furnishings, the desired layering of the lighting, desired control flexibility and daylight availability
控制区
控制区是设计过程的一个关键部分。控制区域是一个由单独的控制器同时控制单一实体的一个灯或一组灯。在调光面板的条件下，这些区域被一个“渠道”输出所服务。
这些区域被基于灯的工作模式而创建，灯光时间表，照明系统的模式，建筑饰面/家具，照明所需的层次感，所需控制的柔度和白光的可利用性

CONTROL ZONES
Smaller zones provide greater flexibility and responsiveness for a higher cost. For example, in an open office housing workstations with dedicated direct/indirect luminaires, the downlight component of each luminaire could be separately zoned and controlled by users, while the indirect uplight component could be zoned and controlled as a group for daylight harvesting or demand response.
Zones should be established, if possible, not only on the immediate use of the space but also anticipated future uses
控制区
较小的区域提供更大的灵活性和响应能力，这要求更高的成本。例如，在一个开放的办公用房工作站专用的直接/间接照明，每个灯具的筒灯部件可以单独划为一个区域并受用户的控制，而间接照明灯组件可能被划为一个区域去控制一组用于日光的采集或需求响应。
区域应被建立，如果可能的话，不但是对空间的及时应用，而且也是预期未来的应用

LOCATE EQUIPMENT ON PLANS
Make sure the controls are easy to locate and to access. Don't put them in a closet that might be locked. Make sure the controlled lighting can be seen from the control panel or switch location. Otherwise, occupants will have to yell to each other, "Is that good? Is it dim enough?" If the controls adapt to the normal behavior of people, they will be accepted. If not, they will be rejected and bypassed. Make the control scheme simple and intuitive for even the most basic operation. If controls aren't simple, they will not be used. Controls should make sense and provide flexibility to all users.
LOCATE设备的计划
确保控件更容易定位和访问。不要把它们放在锁定的密室中。确保控制照明可以从控制面板或开关位置能被看见。否则，乘客将不得不大喊对方，“那样好吗？难道黯淡还不够吗？”如果控制装置能适应人的正常行为，他们将被接受。如果不是这样，他们将被拒绝并绕过。使控制方案简单直观，即使是最基本的操作。如果控制方案复杂，它们将不被使用。控件应该让人容易理解，并为所有用户提供柔度