Congress of Vatican States

**The Congress of Vatican States is the repository of the legislative power of Vatican States. It is a bicameral body, made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House of Representatives has 100 members who represent a congressional district that they serve for a biennium. The positions are divided into 5 by state.**

**Instead, each state has 4 Senators. There are 8 senators, who serve at least one six-year term; being renewed by thirds every two years. Both the representatives and the senators are today elected by the people, although in some states the governor can appoint a substitute in the event that the position of a Senator from his state is vacant.**

**Article One of the Constitution of the Vatican States puts all the legislative powers of the government in Congress. Its powers are limited to those listed in the Constitution; the rest belong to the states, the other two powers and the people. The powers of Congress include the authority to regulate interstate and international commerce, make laws, establish federal courts below the Supreme Court, maintain the Armed Forces, and declare war. The Constitution also includes a necessary clause that gives Congress the power to "make all the necessary and proper laws to execute future powers" which is called the Elastic Clause and allows it to adapt to changing times - such as Nuclear Energy, Aviation, etc. . The general purposes that are outlined in the Preamble have also been interpreted as an authorization of the Acts of Congress.**

**The Senate is almost entirely equal to the ruling House of Representatives, and is not a "review chamber" like the Upper Houses of bicameral parliaments in other countries. However, there are exclusive powers of each chamber: only the Senate can approve or reject the persons designated by the President for positions in the military power. It can also ratify treaties, while the laws related to taxes must originate in the House as it is more representative than the Senate, both houses meet** **in the Parliament building, in Rome.**

# ***Relevant Data***

**Creation: September 25, 1800**

**Type: Bicameral**

**Upper House: Senate**

**Lower House: House of Representatives**

**Session Start: January 1, 2018**

**President of the Upper House: Patrizio Lucciano (Deputy Prime Minister)**

**President of the Lower House: Aloisia Sagese**

**Upper House Majority: Republican Party**

**Majority of the Lower House: Democratic Party**

**Members: 180 Members (100 Representatives and 80 Senators)**

# ***History***

**The Congress of Vatican States derives from the First Vatican Congress, a meeting between Representatives of the Revolution and the king and his vassals, in the fall of 1800. On July 4, 1803, the Second Vatican Congress declared the New Vatican Constitution, Repeal the Power of the Crown and Officially Declare the** **borders and the Vatican territory Under the Articles of the States, the Congress was a unicameral organ where each state had equal representation, and in which each state could put vetoes on almost all actions. The ineffectiveness of this federal government led Congress to convene a Convention, which was held in 1817. This was intended to review the Articles of the States, ended up writing a new constitution.**

**Cherubino Davide (Prime Minister) wanted a bicameral Congress: a chamber directly elected by the people, and another, superior, elected by the former. The smaller states, however, wanted a unicameral system with equitable representation. Finally a compromise was reached; the House of Representatives would provide proportional representation to the population, and the Senate equitable representation. In order for the Senate to maintain state power, the state legislatures, instead of the people, would choose senators.**

**The beginning of the 20th century saw the greatest partisan leadership in both the House and the Senate. In the House of Representatives, the office of President became extremely powerful. The leaders of the Senate were somewhat less powerful; senators still retained most of their influence. In particular, committee chairs remained strong in both Houses until the 1950 reforms.**

**During the long administration of Prime Minister Benvenuto Calabresi (1930-1950), the Democratic Party controlled both houses of Congress. Republicans and Democrats alternated in control of Congress for the next decade. However, after winning the 1954 elections, the Democratic Party was the majority in the House and Senate for 10 years. The Republicans came to have a majority in 1990, such majority lasted until January 6, 2009, with the exception of the Senate in the period from 2000 to 2003. Between January 4, 2007 and January 3, 2000 Patricia D'Alesandro She was President of the House of Representatives of the Vatican States. This made her the first woman to have held that position.**

# ***Members***

### **Low camera**

**Guendalina Endrizzi - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Michelino Lucciano - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Rodrigo Costa - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Alessandro Moretti - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Giacinto Mazzanti - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Grazia Iadanza - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Beatrice Siciliano - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Gianni Padovano - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Landolfo Duca - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Felice Giordano - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Tranquillino Cremonesi - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Guarino Cattaneo - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Flavia Pisano - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Gregorio Fonti - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Catena Piazza - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Matteo Marino - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Guglielmo Piazza - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Daria Colombo - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Cirilla Esposito - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Silvio Fiorentino - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Abelardo Greco - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Guarino Milani - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Fiorenza Lo Duca - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Letterio Siciliano - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Italia Piazza - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Elvia Pagnotto - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Fabian Zito - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Smeralda Fallaci - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Gofreddo Longo - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Melania Pugliesi - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Ausonia Rossi - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Valentino Pisano - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Luciano DeRose - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Rosario Folliero - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Duilio Baresi - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Filiberto Marchesi - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Norberto Genovesi - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Enzo Li Fonti - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Aladino Lucciano - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Donnino Calabrese - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Alvise Costa - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Napolitana Rosary - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Gerolamo Mancini - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Dante Sabbatini - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Egidio Bianchi - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Callisto Ferri - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Piera Trevisan - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Adalberto Giordano - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Nicodemo Ferri - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Federica Toscani - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Cherubino Lettiere - Vatican Republican Party**

**Flaviana Lucchese - Vatican Republican Party**

**Ernesto Toscani - Vatican Republican Party**

**Costante Ricci - Vatican Republican Party**

**Placido Bianchi - Vatican Republican Party**

**Gaetano Buccho - Vatican Republican Party**

**Taziana Rossi - Vatican Republican Party**

**Quintina Pisano - Vatican Republican Party**

**Riccardo Pagnotto - Vatican Republican Party**

**Sandra Nucci - Vatican Republican Party**

**Rosanna Sal - Vatican Republican Party**

**Lucius Pugliesi - Vatican Republican Party**

**Ella Moretti - Vatican Republican Party**

**Laura Romani - Vatican Republican Party**

**Gerardina Sal - Vatican Republican Party**

**Ramiro Conti - Vatican Republican Party**

**Lucius Marino - Vatican Republican Party**

**Ernesto Pirozzi - Vatican Republican Party**

**Mareta Bellucci - Vatican Republican Party**

**Catone Siciliano - Vatican Republican Party**

**Agatino, Bergamaschi - White Supremacist Party**

**Nunzia, Trevisani - White Supremacist Party**

**Fifth, Zetticci - White Supremacist Party**

**Sandro Trevisani - Vatican Green Movement Party**

**Orlando De Luca - Vatican Green Movement Party**

**Bartolomeo Bruno - Vatican Green Movement Party**

**Alfonsa Costa - Vatican Green Movement Party**

**Casimiro Rizzo - Vatican Green Movement Party**

**Adelmo Castiglione - Vatican Green Movement Party**

**Achille Bruno - Vatican Green Movement Party**

**Lamberto Costa - Vatican Green Movement Party**

**Aldo Pisano - Vatican Green Movement Party**

**Tommaso Barese - Vatican Green Movement Party**

**Oronzo Iadanza - Vatican Green Movement Party**

**Lealdo Baresi - Vatican Green Movement Party**

**Ariosto Bergamaschi - Vatican Green Movement Party**

**Ciro Lucciano - Vatican Green Movement Party**

**Alighiero Milanesi - Vatican Conservative Party**

**Eberardo Toscano - Vatican Conservative Party**

**Fortunato Genovese - Vatican Conservative Party**

**Ines Marcelo - Vatican Conservative Party**

**Tommaso Piazza - Vatican Liberal Party**

**Pupa Palerma - Vatican Liberal Party**

**Prudenzio Colombo - Vatican Liberal Party**

**Leardo Lucchesi - Vatican Liberal Party**

**Tranquilla Rossi - Vatican Liberal Party**

**Valente Sabbatini - Vatican Liberal Party**

**Benedetta Pisani - Vatican Liberal Party**

**Simone Siciliano - Vatican Liberal Party**

**Elvio Pugliesi - Vatican Liberal Party**

### ***High camera***

**Gherardo Zetticci - Vatican Republican Party**

**Dina Fiorentini - Vatican Republican Party**

**Tullia Barese - Vatican Republican Party**

**Egidio Pinto - Vatican Republican Party**

**Arnaldo Greece - Vatican Republican Party**

**Maria Fallaci - Vatican Republican Party**

**Marcella Cocci - Vatican Republican Party**

**Wilma Calabresi - Vatican Republican Party**

**Merigo Lori - Vatican Republican Party**

**Candida Capon - Vatican Republican Party**

**Ermenegildo Ricci - Vatican Republican Party**

**Anastasio Greece - Vatican Republican Party**

**Phaedrus Manna - Vatican Republican Party**

**Remigio Genovese - Vatican Republican Party**

**Callimaco Mancini - Vatican Republican Party**

**Marcella Bianchi - Vatican Republican Party**

**Pierina Romano - Vatican Republican Party**

**Antonietta Fiorentini - Vatican Republican Party**

**Francesco Pagnotto - Vatican Republican Party**

**Ileana Onio - Vatican Republican Party**

**Ilaria Udinese - Vatican Republican Party**

**Guarino Pisani - Vatican Republican Party**

**Guglielmo Endrizzi - Vatican Republican Party**

**Ivana Lettiere - Vatican Republican Party**

**Rodolfo Cocci - Vatican Republican Party**

**Bellina Trevisan - Vatican Republican Party**

**Adalgisa Esposito - Vatican Republican Party**

**Saverio Lombardo - Vatican Republican Party**

**Aimone Zetticci - Vatican Republican Party**

**Nerea Piazza - Vatican Republican Party**

**Celio Longo - Vatican Republican Party**

**Cino Marino - Vatican Republican Party**

**Protasio Napolitani - Vatican Republican Party**

**Rosaria Calabrese - Vatican Republican Party**

**Oberto Manna - Vatican Republican Party**

**Venerando Mazzi - Vatican Republican Party**

**Luisella Pisano - Vatican Republican Party**

**Secondo Bruno - Vatican Republican Party**

**Eleonora Marcelo - Vatican Republican Party**

**Geraldo Russo - Vatican Republican Party**

**Virgilio Pisano - Vatican Conservative Party**

**Dionisio Napolitani - Vatican Conservative Party**

**Claudia Calabrese - Vatican Conservative Party**

**Virgilia Trentini - Vatican Conservative Party**

**Camelia Udinesi - Vatican Conservative Party**

**Isauro Manfrin - Vatican Conservative Party**

**Enrico Cattaneo - Vatican Conservative Party**

**Oberto Greco - Vatican Conservative Party**

**Taziana Baresi - Vatican Conservative Party**

**Affiano Padovano - Vatican Conservative Party**

**Dafne Endrizzi - Vatican Conservative Party**

**Amerigo Trevisan - Vatican Conservative Party**

**Geremia Cremonesi - Vatican Conservative Party**

**Valente Lucchesi - Vatican Conservative Party**

**Manuel De Llucci - Vatican Conservative Party**

**Vincenzo Colombo - Vatican Conservative Party**

**Morgana Marino - Vatican Conservative Party**

**Cupido Mazzi - Vatican Conservative Party**

**Mauro Siciliani - Vatican Conservative Party**

**Adone Trentini - Vatican Conservative Party**

**Sante Lombardi - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Gianni Angelo - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Germana Endrizzi - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Gofreddo Lori - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Napolitano Procopio - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Rufina Bruno - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Olimpia Loggia - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Sergio Udinese - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Dalia Lorenzo - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Raimondo Longo - Vatican Democratic Party**

**Carmela Piazza - Vatican Green Movement Party**

**Boris Pisani - Vatican Green Movement Party**

**Giselda Gallo - Vatican Green Movement Party**

**Nazario Bergamaschi - Vatican Green Movement Party**

**Paola De Luca - Vatican Communist Party**

**Oberto Calabrese - Vatican Communist Party**

**Quirico Pugliesi - Vatican Communist Party**

**Alceo Genovesi - Vatican National Socialist Party**

**Gandolfo Lombardi - Vatican National Socialist Party**

**Adelmo Ferri - Vatican National Socialist Party**