Cuphead (video game)

*For the main character, see Cuphead (character).*

Steam cover

### **Media**

**Microsoft Windows / Xbox One / macOS / Nintendo Switch / Tesla / PlayStation 4**
Digital download

### **Input**

**Microsoft Windows / Xbox One / macOS**
Xbox One Controller
Keyboard (Microsoft Windows / macOS)
**Nintendo Switch**
Nintendo Switch Joy-Con
Nintendo Switch Pro Controller
**Tesla**
TBA
**PlayStation 4**
DualShock 4 Controller

### **Download(s)**

Steam
Microsoft
Cuphead website
GOG
Nintendo
PlayStation Store

Cuphead is a run and gun indie video game developed and published by StudioMDHR. First announced in 2013, the game was released for Microsoft Windows and Xbox One in September 29th, 2017, for macOS in October 19th, 2018, for Nintendo Switch in April 18th, 2019, and for PlayStation 4 in July 28th, 2020. The game was inspired by the rubber hose style of animation used in cartoons of the 1930s, such as the work of studios Fleischer and Walt Disney Animation, and seeks to emulate their subversive and surrealist qualities.

*Cuphead* features one or two players taking control of animated characters Cuphead and his brother Mugman to fight through several levels that culminate in boss fights as to repay their debt to The Devil. The game was praised for its art style and noted for its challenging difficulty. It was both a critical and commercial success, winning several awards and selling over four million copies by July 2019. An animated series based on the game, entitled *The Cuphead Show!*, is on Netflix.

## Plot

On the fictional Inkwell Isles, Cuphead and his brother Mugman are two fun-loving kids who live under the watchful eye of Elder Kettle. Against the elder's warnings, the brothers enter the Devil's Casino and begin playing craps. When they go on a winning streak, the Devil himself offers to raise the stakes. If Cuphead and Mugman can win one more roll, they will receive all the money in the casino; if not, the Devil will take their souls. Cuphead loses by rolling snake eyes, and he and Mugman beg for mercy. The Devil makes a deal with them: collect the "soul contracts" that signify his ownership of the souls of his runaway debtors by midnight the next day, and he might let them keep theirs. They visit Elder Kettle, who gives them a potion that allows them to fire blasts from their fingers to aid in their quest, but also warns them the debtors may change themselves to different things in attempt to stop them.

The brothers travel around the Inkwell Isles, fighting the residents who have lost their souls to the Devil in order to obtain their contracts. On entering the second island, the Elder Kettle informs them about "doing the right thing" when they come up against the Devil again. Once they have the contracts, they return to the Devil's Casino, but its manager King Dice blocks their way. He has lost a bet with the Devil, presumably over whether Cuphead and Mugman would be able to complete their task, and forces them to fight his own henchmen before confronting them directly. After the brothers defeat King Dice, the Devil demands that they hand over the contracts in exchange for "joining his team". What happens next depends on the choice of the player. If the player decides to do so, the Devil turns Cuphead and Mugman into his demonic lackeys and the game ends. If the player declines, the Devil becomes furious at the brothers' refusal to honor their deal and fights them himself. Cuphead and Mugman triumph over him, burn the contracts, and race home. Learning that they no longer have anything to fear from the Devil, the former debtors honor the brothers for their heroic actions.

## Transcript

### Introduction

* **King Dice:** Hot dog! These fellas can't lose!
* **The Devil:** Nice run, boys,
* *[Cuphead and Mugman look shocked, King Dice bows to The Devil]*
* The Devil: Now, how about we raise the stakes?
* *[The Devil takes out two dice]*
* **The Devil:** Win one more roll, and all the loot in my casino is yours! But if you lose, I'll have your souls! Deal?
* *[Cuphead, who has fall for The Devils trap, has his pupils turn into $$]*
* **Mugman:** *[Worried expression]* Good gosh, Cuphead, no!
* *[Cuphead throws the dice. it rigged-ly landed on snake eyes]*
* **The Devil:** Snake Eyes! You Lose!
* [Cuphead And Mugman Are Shocked]
* **The Devil:** Now, About Those Souls...
* **Mugman:** Th-There must be another w-way to repay you,
* **Cuphead:** Yes, p-please mister!
* **The Devil:** Hmm, perhaps there is,
* **The Devil:** I have here a list of my runaway debtors. Collect their souls for me, and I just might pardon you two mugs.
* **The Devil:** [*While kicking Cuphead and Mugman Out*] Now get going!
* **The Devil:** You have 'til midnight tomorrow to collect every one of the souls! Otherwise I'll be the one collecting yours!
* **Cuphead:** [*Cuphead and Mugman are running home*] C'mon, Mug!
* **Cuphead:** We have to find the Elder Kettle. He'll know what to do!

### Inkwell Isle One

* **Elder Kettle:** Guys, hang on! Thank the stars I caught up with you. I believe I've found a way out of this mess you're in!
* **Cuphead:** Hot dawg! You have?!
* **Elder Kettle:** Your strength is growing! You'll soon be a match for that no-good King Dice... and maybe eveb the Devil himself!!
* **Mugman:** Golly, do you really think?
* **Elder Kettle:** I do! But you'll never get close to the Devil unless you already have those soul contracts in hand!
* **Elder Kettle:** Only then will you get a chance to turn the tables on that fiend! So, when that time comes do the right thing!

### Inkwell Isle Two

* **King Dice:** The little mugs have some fight in 'em, I'll say that much! They're makin' mincemeat outta them debtors!
* **Devil:** You see!! I knew there was something special about those fellas!
* **King Dice:** Well, don't be too sure just yet, boss. I think there's somethin' fishy about these two!
* **Devil:** Don't blow your wig, Dice. If those two little finks try anything... I'll be waiting!!!

### Ending (Bad); Choosing 'Yes'

* **The Devil:** Well, well, well... look how far you've come! Not only did you bust up my good-for-nothing- lackey, King Dice...
* **The Devil:** ...but I see you've got my soul contracts, as agreed! Hand 'em over and join my team!
* *[Player selects yes]*
* **The Devil:** You're mine now! And we're gonna have a hell of a time down here...!!
* [*Cuphead and Mugman switch to their evil forms while The Devil laughs*]

### Choosing 'No'

* **The Devil:** Well, well, well... look how far you've come! Not only did you bust up my good-for-nothing- lackey, King Dice...
* **The Devil:** ...but I see you've got my soul contracts, as agreed! Hand 'em over and join my team!
* [*Player selects no*]
* **The Devil:** Welching on me just like all the others, eh... I'll teach you for backing out of a deal -- have at you!!

### Ending (Good)

* *[The Devil holds up a flag of defeat while Cuphead and Mugman laugh]*
* **Cuphead:** We shall accept your surrender, Devil,
* **Cuphead:** But we're not done just yet!
* *[Cuphead and Mugman throw the Soul Contracts into fire. Then, both run down Inkwell Isle Three]*
* **Cuphead:** Gosh, I can't wait to tell everybody!
* **Mugman:** C'mon, Last one there's a leaky cup!
* *[Cuphead and Mugman are on a stage after rounding up all the former debtors. Cala Maria, Sally Stageplay and her husband, And Baroness Von Bon Bon are seen in the first row]*
* **Cuphead:** You're all free from the Devil's debt!
* **Mugman:** And that fiend won't bother us again!
* *[The Elder Kettle is brimming with prideness while the former debtors cheer]*
* **Former debtors:** Let's hear it for Cuphead and Mugman! Hip-hip-hurrah! Hip-hip-hurrah!
* *[Cagney Carnation holds Cuphead and Mugman up with petal hand while Beppi The Clown and Hilda Berg raise their hands up in the air while the rest of the former debtors throw their hats up and other objects up. Then the narrator announces that Cuphead and Mugman promise to stay out of trouble, until the next time, but that's another story]*

## Description

The all-cartoon Magical Wondergame!

Cuphead is a classic run and gun action game heavily focused on boss battles. Inspired by cartoons of the 1930s, the visuals and audio are painstakingly created with the same techniques of the era, i.e. traditional hand drawn cel animation, watercolor backgrounds, and original jazz recordings.

Play as Cuphead or Mugman (in single player or local co-op) as you traverse strange worlds, acquire new weapons, learn powerful super moves, and discover hidden secrets while you try to pay your debt back to the devil!

## Gameplay

Cuphead's gameplay is based around continual boss fights, with interspersed run and gun levels. The game also includes role-playing elements, and a branching level sequence. Cuphead has infinite lives, maintaining all equipment between deaths. The player can purchase weapons and "Charms" (special abilities) from the shop using coins collected from the run-and-gun levels. Player characters feature a parry attack that can be used on certain objects marked in pink, to various effects; the most important of them being increasing a "super meter" that enables more powerful attacks.

After completing a level, the player will be ranked with a grade based on their performance, through factors such as the time taken to defeat a boss, damage taken/avoided, and number of parried attacks. The levels are accessible through a top-down perspective overworld with its own secret areas. The game also has a two-player local cooperative mode that allows another player to play as Mugman Development

*Cuphead* was the first game by StudioMDHR, a Welsh idie game development studio consisting of brothers Chad and Jared Moldenhauer. Additional animation work was contributed by Jake Clark, with programming lead by Tony Coculuzzi. Its development began in 2010 using the Unity game engine, and it was developed from the brother's homes in , holyhead Saskatchewan, respectively. The game was inspired by cartoons produced by the Fleischer and Walt Disney animation studios, along with cartoonists Ub Iwerks, Grim Natwick, and Willard Bowsky. Chad Moldenhauer called Fleischer Studios "the magnetic north of his art style", who particularly sought to mimic their "subversive and surrealist" elements.

The Moldenhauers watched 1930s-era cartoons in their youth, which Chad Moldenhauer describes as happenstance, based on gifts and VHS compilations. Among other siblings in their Regina, Saskatchewan childhood home, the two shared aesthetic taste and interest in gameplay. They attempted a game in the style of Cuphead in 2000, but lacked the tools to continue. The brothers decided to try again following the success of the indie game Super Meat Boy, which released in 2010. The character that became Cuphead descended from a 1936 Japanese propaganda animated film where a man with a teacup for a head morphs into a tank. The Moldenhauers emulated the animation because they found it strange, and "right away it stuck". Before settling on him as the main character, the brothers had created around 150 different character designs, including a kappa in a tophat and characters with a plate or fork for a head.

The animation techniques behind Cuphead are similar to that of the 1930s cartoons. Chad Moldenhauer, who had previously worked in graphic design, would hand-draw the animations and paint the backgrounds using watercolors, colorizing them in Photoshop. The gameplay runs at a framerate of 60, while the animation runs at 24, which is a film standard. Chad Moldenhauer also saw his process with its human imperfections as a reaction to the perfectionism of pixel art. Jared Moldenhauer worked on other aspects of the game, though they would discuss gameplay design together. Their studio hired a Romanian developer, a Brooklyn animator, and an Ontario jazz musician for the project. They sought to keep the recording processes of the time period as if the team were developing in that era.

The Moldenhauers described Cuphead as having a difficult, "retro game" core for its emphasis on gameplay over plot. Kill Screen described the developers as "obsessed" with run and gun fundamentals of "animations and exploits and hitboxes". Over the development process, they have made multiple revisions to many gameplay elements, including how gameplay actions feel at the edges of platforms and how long players are disabled after receiving damage. They planned multiple difficulty levels, and chose to abandon a typical damsel in distress plot for one where Cuphead perpetually creates trouble for himself. The developers planned to surpass the Guinness World Record for number of boss battles in a run and gun game by having over 30 to the record's 25. The game's implementation and visual design, combined with the limited number of people available to work on the game, proved to be StudioMDHR's biggest challenge, so the Moldenhauers had to go the extra mile to bring the game to life, even remortgaging their house in order to finance the project.

### Music

*Main Article: Cuphead Original Soundtrack*

### Promotion and release

Though the game was shown during the Xbox press event of Electronic Entertainment Expo 2014 to audience approval, *Cuphead* was not available to play and was estimated to be 40 percent complete. *Cuphead* was expected to be extended via expansion packs with 10 to 15 bosses each, similar to how Sonic & Knuckles added atop the Sonic series formula. *Cuphead* was released on September 29, 2017 for Microsoft Windows and Xbox One, with potential later releases for macOS and Linux. *Cuphead* is an Xbox console exclusive, and supports Xbox Play Anywhere. King Features Syndicate has the licensing rights to *Cuphead* merchandise and assorted paraphernalia. A port of Cuphead for macOS was released on October 19, 2018, and advertised with an animated short titled "Crisp Apples". A port to Nintendo Switch was released on April 18, 2019.

In June 2019, an adapted port for some cars manufactured by Tesla, Inc. was announced by Tesla CEO Elon Musk, who expressed his appreciation of the game. Due to the cars' limitations, only the game's first section will be playable. A port for PlayStation 4 was announced and released on July 28, 2020.

#### Downloadable content

Downloadable content for the game, titled *The Delicious Last Course* and featuring a new playable character, levels, and bosses, was revealed at E3 2018 for release in 2019. However, the new content was pushed back into 2020 as to avoid putting too much pressure and crunch time on their development team. It was released on June 30th, 2022.

## Characters

### Main

* Cuphead
* Mugman
* Ms. Chalice (DLC)

### Recurring/Supporting

* Elder Kettle
* Porkrind
* The Legendary Chalice
* King Dice
* The Devil
* Chef Saltbaker (DLC)
* King of Games (DLC)

### Bosses

* The Root Pack (Sal Spudder, Ollie Bulb, Chauncey Chantenay, Horace Radiche)
* Goopy Le Grande
* Hilda Berg
* Cagney Carnation
* Ribby and Croaks
* Baroness Von Bon Bon
* Djimmi The Great (Cuppet)
* Beppi The Clown
* Wally Warbles (Willy Warbles)
* Grim Matchstick
* Rumor Honeybottoms (Security Bee)
* Captain Brineybeard
* Sally Stageplay
* Werner Werman (Katzenwagen)
* Dr. Kahl's Robot
* Cala Maria
* Phantom Express (Blind Specter, Conductor, Lollipop Ghouls, Head of the Train)
* All Bets Are Off! {King Dice, Tipsy Troop, Chips Bettigan, Mr. Wheezy, Pip and Dot, Hopus Pocus, Phear Lap, Pirouletta, Mangosteen, Mr Chimes}
* Devil
* Glumstone The Giant (DLC)
* Mortimer Freeze (DLC)
* Esther Winchester (DLC)
* The Howling Aces (DLC)
* Moonshine Mob (DLC)
* Angel and Demon (DLC)
* The Pawns (DLC)
* The Knight (DLC)
* The Bishop (DLC)
* The Rook (DLC)
* The Queen (DLC)

## List of levels

### Run n' Gun levels

* Forest Follies
* Treetop Trouble
* Funfair Fever
* Funhouse Frazzle
* Rugged Ridge
* Perilous Piers

### Boss levels

* Botanic Panic!
* Ruse Of An Ooze
* Clip Joint Calamity
* Threatenin' Zeppelin
* Floral Fury
* Sugarland Shimmy
* Carnival Kerfuffle
* Pyramid Peril
* Aviary Action!
* Fiery Frolic
* Honeycomb Herald
* Shootin N' Lootin
* High Seas Hi-Jinx!
* Murine Corps
* Junkyard Jive!
* Dramatic Fanatic
* Railroad Wrath
* All Bets Are Off!
* One Hell Of A Time
* Gnome Way Out (DLC)
* Snow Cult Scuffle (DLC)
* Bootlegger Boogie (DLC)
* High-Noon Hoopla (DLC)
* Doggone Dogfight (DLC)
* A Dish To Die For (DLC)
* One Hell Of A Dream (DLC)

## Pre-release and unused content

*Main Article: List of Cuphead pre-release and unused content*

## Reception

Ben Kuchera of Polygon wrote that Cuphead was one of the five most interesting reveals at Microsoft's E3 2014 press conference, even though he knew little about the game apart from its aesthetic. He said it "stood out immediately" and that everyone in the website's press room viscerally reacted to the trailer. Cuphead won the IGN Best Xbox One game at E3 award in 2015, and also won the award for "Best Indie Game" at the Gamescom 2015 Awards. It was also nominated as "Best Independent Game" at the E3 2016 Game Critics Awards.

Cuphead received "generally favorable" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic. The game has also been noted for its difficulty by several media outlets. Destructoid's Brett Makedonski welcomed the high difficulty, which he noted as "tough but fair". Based on "exhaustive" pattern recognition, he said it ultimately relied on muscle memory, rather than reaction. He thought structuring the game around boss battles was well executed, and that each boss encounter held "different and special and memorable" traits. Praising the 1930s aesthetics as cohesive, Makedonski found the jazz-based soundtrack to be "similarly fabulous". Despite dying 188 times in his playthrough, Ray Carsillo at EGMNow felt no frustration from the difficulty, but rather motivation to "dig my heels in deeper". Carsillo lauded the "gorgeous" hand-drawn visuals, asserting that the only thing surpassing the artwork was the gameplay, which he said went "beyond pattern recognition". Peter Brown of GameSpot opined that combatting enemies provided a considerably rewarding experience. He described the cartoon aesthetic as charming, adding that it infused "color and expression" to the game. Further, he saw Cuphead as a "true recreation" of hand-drawn cel animation. Brown also relished how quick loading times proved beneficial to trial and error tactics.

Lucas Sullivan at GamesRadar+ wrote that Cuphead "stands tall among the best 2D shooters of all time", and agreed the gameplay challenges demanded patient pattern recognition to be accomplished, from which he said players would be rewarded "tenfold". Sullivan called the animation adorable, noting the wealth of detail present in the watercolor backdrops, and said it worked well with the gameplay. Like Carsillo, Sullivan claimed never to be frustrated with the difficulty. Giant Bomb's Ben Pack remarked that playing the game yielded one of his most enjoyable experiences with video games, citing the combination of "brutal" platforming and an "exceptionally well realized" art style. Writing for IGN, Joe Skrebels declared every scene a "masterwork" and commended the sound work, calling it an "ideal match" to the aesthetics. Platforming battles were seen as the most imaginative part of the game, and having no health bars for enemies its "smartest" and "most devilish" addition. Like Brown and Sullivan, Skrebels found the battles to be rewarding as well as "one of Cuphead's greatest strengths". Chris Schilling of PC Gamer expressed approval of the controls, saying that their "reliable jump and dash" led to more "nimble and responsive" handling. Disagreeing with Makedonski, Schilling explained that certain random elements meant "you can't simply learn patterns by rote and rely entirely on muscle memory". Chris Plante at Polygon commented that, at its best, the game serves to educate the player in strategy through trial and error. He enjoyed the parrying system more so than the various attacks, as it proved to be a "crucial" and "relatively forgiving" mechanic. Colm Ahern of VideoGamer.com wrote in his verdict, "Cuphead will best most games in how it looks and sounds, and defeating that boss that you once deemed unbeatable is glorious".

Conversely, Makedonski said the "eight-direction firing radius" was his least favorite system in the game, calling it "clunky and awkward". Even though Brown saw "the fear of the unexpected" as part of what made Cuphead thrilling, he disparaged the game's failure to identify progress and capability. Skrebels thought that the "run 'n' gun, left-to-right platforming" lacked inventiveness, while also subjecting the "parry system" and control scheme to criticism. Plante complained that the final bosses made Cuphead's greatest features less effective, and mentioned that the difficulty "eventually goes too far". Ahern agreed with Plante in his reproval of the final bosses, also saying that the challenge was "a step too far".

Unwinna Unwinnable writer Yussef Cole wrote an essay titled "Cuphead and the Racist Spectre of Fleischer Animation", arguing that by using the rubber hose animationstyle, Studio MDHR also brought up the "bigotry and prejudice" that had a strong influence on early animation, claiming that Studio MDHR ignored the context and history of the aesthetic it "so faithfully" replicated. Cole states that much of the imagery that Studio MDHR took from the Fleischer style effectively carried the racial stereotypes of minstrel shows that the animation style was built on and essentially whitewashed the past. Chad and Jared Moldenhauer had stated prior to release that they wanted to make an animation style that harkened back to 1930s cartoons without getting ties to racism or minstrel shows in them. Maja Moldenhauer further stated that all they wanted from the Fleischers was the animation style and visuals, and are "not versed in" anything else happening in that era, In response to Cole's article, Brandon Orselli of Niche Gamer defended the game as a tribute to that art style, writing that it was not meant to deliver narratives, or "go anywhere beyond where it needs to go in terms of its basic and child-like storytelling". Mike Mood, the creator of the horror game media franchise *Bendy*, which also uses rubber hose animation, has discussed wanting to make a cross over with Cuphead.

In the two first weeks of release, Cuphead sold over one million copies worldwide, which had risen to three million by August 2018.

### Awards and accolades

Entertainment Weekly placed Cuphead fifth on the list of its "Best Games of 2017", while GamesRadar ranked it ninth on their list of the 25 Best Games of 2017", and Polygon ranked it 14th on their list of the "50 best games of 2017". In Game Informer's Reader's Choice Best of 2017 Awards, the game won the "Best Microsoft Game" and "Best Co-op Multiplayer" categories, while it came in third place for "Best Action Game". The website also gave it the awards for "Best Microsoft Exclusive" in their "Best of 2017 Awards", and for "Best Bosses" in their 2017 Action Game of the Year Awards. EGMNow ranked the game at #2 on their list of the 25 best games of 2017, while Ben "Yahtzee" Croshaw of Zero Punctuation ranked it third on his list of the Best Games of 2017. The Verge named it one of their 15 best video games of 2017.

*Cuphead* was nominated for "Breakout Game of the Year" in PC Gamer's 2017 Game of the Year Awards, and won the award for "Best Xbox One Game" in Destructoid's Game of the Year Awards 2017. It also won the award for "Best Xbox One Game" and "Best Art Direction" in IGN's Best of 2017 Awards, whereas its other nominations were for "Game of the Year", "Best PC Game", "Best Platformer", "Best Original Music", and "Best Multiplayer". The game also won the award for "Best Looking Game" and "Best Style", in addition to being runner-up for "Best Shopkeeper" for the character Porkrind, "Best Music", "Best Debut", and "Game of the Year" at Giant Bomb's Game of the Year 2017 Awards.

In the week of September 14, 2019, the album *Selected Tunes from Cuphead* topped the Jazz Albums Billboard charts.

### Legacy

*Cuphead* was an influence on the video game *Enchanted Portals* by Xixo Games Studio. When *Enchanted Portals* was announced, it was heavily criticized from fans of *Cuphead* for sharing gameplay and art style with *Cuphead*. In response, the developers of *Enchanted Portals* stated that they had wished to make a game similar to *Cuphead*, while retaining respect for the original.

A *Cuphead* Mii Fighter costume was added to the 2018 crossover fighting game *Super Smash Bros. Ultimate* via downloadable content in January 2020. It comes bundled with one of the game's music tracks, being the boss level theme for Cagney Carnation, "Floral Fury." Additionally, four Spirits based on characters in *Cuphead* were added to *Super Smash Bros. Ultimate* in February 2020.

## Other media

### Books

#### Novels

##### *Cuphead: Comic Capers & Curios*

*Main Article: Cuphead: Comic Capers & Curios*

### Television series

*Main Article: The Cuphead Show!*

In July 2019, Netflix announced *The Cuphead Show!*, an animated series based on the game. It will feature adventures of Cuphead and Mugman across Inkwell Isle, exploring areas and characters beyond those in the video game. While the series will be targeted for children, StudioMDHR also antipicated that they will include humor and gags for adult audience appreciation. The series will be animated, but will not be as meticulously done as the video game using traditional pen-and-paper methods, as it would take far too long to complete, but will still feature hand-drawn characters and movement but with aid of a digital medium. Chad and Jared Moldenhauer from StudioMDHR will be executive producers along with CJ Kettler from King Features Syndicate. Dave Wasson and Cosmo Segurson will co-executive produce, while Clay Morrow and Adam Paloian will be supervising directors.

## Trivia

* The plot and gameplay of Cuphead was originally far different than the final release. The cut concept involved Cuphead using his last dime to enter a tournament, in which he had to defeat 8 bosses in order to succeed with only a few weapons to choose from.
	+ While not much is known about this build, some information can be gathered from the game files, interviews, and trailers.
		- In an early teaser image, Cagney Carnation was intended to be placed on the left side, with his idle animation being a "bring it on" position, as opposed to his final one.
		- Goopy Le Grande was intended to be fought as soon as the tutorial was complete.
		- There were multiple unused weapons found in the game files, and early trailers.
	+ In early demos, enemies flashed red when attacked.
		- This was most likely changed due to epileptic players possibly experiencing a seizure.
* When Cuphead and Mugman are on the map, there is no white in their eyes.
* This is one of the video games that have been in beta for the longest, for over seven years, and that was mainly because every frame was hand-drawn.
* The last word in the unused song used in the E3 2015 demo ("CUPHEAD!") was said when the player beats a boss level or Run 'n Gun with Cuphead.