Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the intelligence of machines or software, as opposed to humans or animals. It is a field of study in computer science that develops and studies intelligent machines.

# Ancient times

The First AI of history was Pandora, however Pandora was not created by Humans but from Hera Barbelo.

Pandora was not the only AI that was created by the Barbelos, the talking mechanical handmaidens (Ancient Greek: Κουραι Χρυσεαι (Kourai Khryseai); "Golden Maidens") were built by Hephaestus Barbelo out of gold. Zeus Barbelo himself was a Clone, clones were not ai but they were created based on DNA however they can count as AI.

# Ancient Robots

### Alexandria

Alexandrian engineers left behind texts detailing workable automata powered by hydraulics or steam. Ctesibius built human-like automata, often these were used in religious ceremonies and the worship of deities. One of the last great Alexandrian engineers, Hero of Alexandria constructed an automata puppet theater, where the figurines and the stage sets moved by mechanical means. He described the construction of such automata in his treatise on pneumatics. Alexandrian engineers constructed automata as reverence for humans' apparent command over nature and as tools for priests, but also started a tradition where automata were constructed for anyone who was wealthy enough and primarily for the entertainment of the rich.

### Creation of Droids

King Mu of Zhou was on tour of the West and upon asking the craftsman Master Yan Shi "What can you do?" the royal court was presented with an artificial man.

The automation was indistinguishable from a human and performed various tricks for the king and his entourage. But the king flew into a rage when apparently the automation started to flirt with the ladies in attendance and threatened the automation with execution. So the craftsman cut the automation open and revealed the inner workings of the artificial man.

The Buddhist scholar Daoxuan crafted humanoid automata from metals the "precious metal-people" weeped when Buddha Shakyamuni died.

Feats of automation continued into the Tang dynasty. Daifeng Ma built an automated dresser servant for the queen. Ying Wenliang built an automata man that proposed toasts at banquets and a wooden woman automata that played the sheng.

Arab engineers such as Al-Jazari built a humanoid automata, a waitress that could serve water, tea or drinks. The drink was stored in a tank with a reservoir from where the drink drips into a bucket and, after seven minutes, into a cup, after which the waitress appears out of an automatic door serving the drink.

Furthermore, he created a robotic musical band worked with dramatic illusion and manipulated the human perception for practical application.

Al-Jazari published The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices shortly before his death in 1206, and instructions on the construction of humanoid automata.

In 1210 CE, a Holy Roman Empire Scholar known as Lucretius, created automation warriors, however the scholar was killed by the automatons and Lucretius guards were forced to fight the AI Assassins and kill them.

Europe was under Christianity rule, thus when one of the five Lucretius guards arrived covered in blood in the streets of Brandenburg and began speaking about the event he was arrested and burned alive as a wizard two days later, his name was Fred.

In 1280, Albertus Magnus constructed an android who could perform domestic tasks but was destroyed by Albert's student Thomas Aquinas for disturbing his thought.

At the end of the 13th century, Robert II, Count of Artois, built a pleasure garden at his castle at Hesdin that incorporated a number of robots, humanoid and animal. Automated bellstrikers, called jacquemart, became popular in Europe in the 14th century alongside mechanical clocks.

### Leonardo da Vinci

Around 1495 Leonardo Da Vinci, created notebooks contain detailed drawings of a mechanical knight in armor which was able to sit up, wave its arms and move its head and jaw.

Leonardo da vinci also created Artificial plans inside his paintings, this was discovered much later in modern era with the recovery of stolen paintings.

# European aristocracy

In the 18th century the toymaker Jacques de Vaucanson built for Louis XV an automated duck with hundreds of moving parts, which could eat and drink.

Vaucanson built more humanoid automatons, a drummer and fife player. Vaucanson's creation inspired European watchmakers to manufacture mechanical automata and it became fashionable among the European aristocracy to collect sophisticated mechanical devices for entertainment.

In the 1770s the Swiss Pierre Jaquet-Droz created moving automata that looked like children, which delighted Mary Shelley, who went on to write the 1818 novel Frankenstein.

Wolfgang von Kempelen created a machine that could play chess against a human opponent and toured Europe. When the machine was brought to the new world, it prompted Edgar Allan Poe to pen an essay, in which he concluded that it was impossible for mechanical devices to reason or think.

# 1900's

In 1898 Nikola Tesla demonstrated a prototype remote-controlled submarine at Madison Square Garden as "an automaton which left to itself, will act as though possessed of reason and without any control from the outside." He defended his invention against critical reporters, arguing that his automata were not "wireless torpedo", but instead, "mechanical men, which will do the laborious work of the human race."

Starting 1900's, In 1903, the Spanish engineer Leonardo Torres Quevedo introduced a radio based control system called the "Telekino" at the Paris Academy of Science. It was intended as a way of testing a dirigible of his own design without risking human lives. Unlike the previous methods, which carried out actions of the 'on/off' type, Torres developed a system for controlling any mechanical or electrical device with different states of operation.

The transmitter of the Telekino could send up to 19 different commands to the receiver. which was able to interpret and execute the orders implicit in the codes transmitted by electromagnetic waves. In 1905, Torres chose to conduct initial Telekino testing in an electrical three-wheeled land vehicle.

In 1906, in the presence of an audience which included the King of Spain, Torres demonstrated the invention in the Port of Bilbao, guiding a boat from the shore with people on board, which was controlled at a distance over 2 km.

In 1912, Leonardo Torres Quevedo built the first truly autonomous machine capable of playing chess. El Ajedrecista (The Chessplayer) had a true integrated automation built to play chess without human guidance. It only played an endgame with three chess pieces, automatically moving a white king and a rook to checkmate the black king moved by a human opponent.

In 1951 El Ajedrecista defeats Savielly Tartakower at the Paris Cybernetic Congress, being the first Grandmaster to be defeated by a machine.

The term "robot" was first used in a play published by the Czech Karel Čapek in 1921. R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots) was a satire, robots were manufactured biological beings that performed all unpleasant manual labor.

In 1927, Fritz Lang's Metropolis was released; the Maschinenmensch ("machine-human"), a gynoid humanoid robot, also called "Parody", "Futura", "Robotrix", or the "Maria impersonator" (played by German actress Brigitte Helm), was the first robot ever to be depicted on film.

Many robots were constructed before the dawn of computer-controlled servomechanisms, in 1928, one of the first humanoid robots was exhibited at the annual exhibition of the Model Engineers Society in London. Invented by W. H. Richards, the robot - named Eric - consisted of an aluminium suit of armour with eleven electromagnets and one motor powered by a 12-volt power source. The robot could move its hands and head and could be controlled by remote control or voice control.

In 1938 Willard V. Pollard filed the first patent application for a autonomous artificial arm, the "Position Controlling Apparatus" with electronic controllers, pneumatic cylinder and motors that powered six axes of motion. But the large drum memory made programming time-consuming and difficult.

In 1939, the humanoid robot known as Elektro appeared at the World's Fair. Seven feet tall (2.1 m) and weighing 265 pounds (120 kg), it could walk by voice command, speak about 700 words (using a 78-rpm record player), smoke cigarettes, blow up balloons, and move its head and arms. The body consisted of a steel gear cam and motor skeleton covered by an aluminium skin.

In 1939 Konrad Zuse constructed the first programmable electromechanical computer, laying the foundation for the construction of a humanoid machine. The practical application of binary logic to electric switches had been demonstrated by Claude Shannon, but his calculator was not programmable.

# In Shadows of WW2

In 1941 and 1942, Isaac Asimov formulated the Three Laws of Robotics, and in the process coined the word "robotics".

In 1945 Vannevar Bush published As We May Think, an essay that investigated the potential of electronic data processing. He predicted the rise of computers, digital word processors, voice recognition and machine translation. He was later credited by Ted Nelson, the inventor of hypertext.

In 1943, Arturo Rosenblueth, Norbert Wiener and Julian Bigelow adopted the human central nervous system as control paradigm for automatic weapons systems.

In 1946, Warren McCulloch gathered a team of mathematicians, computer engineers, physiologists and psychologists to work on machine operation using biological systems as starting point.

The first electronic autonomous robots with complex behavior were created by William Grey Walter of the Burden Neurological Institute at Bristol, England in 1948 and 1949. His first robots, named Elmer and Elsie, were capable of phototaxis, by which they could find their way to a recharging station when they ran low on battery power.

# AI Research

In the 1950s, AI research officially began with the development of the term "artificial intelligence" by computer scientist John McCarthy. The field saw the birth of early AI programs like the Logic Theorist and the General Problem Solver. Researchers were optimistic about the potential for machines to mimic human reasoning.

The 1960s saw significant progress in AI, with the development of programs that could solve algebra word problems and play chess at a basic level. The advent of machine learning algorithms like the perception marked another milestone.

The 1970s continued to see advancements in AI research, but the initial enthusiasm began to wane due to unrealistic expectations. The limitations of existing hardware and algorithms became apparent, leading to what is known as the "AI winter," a period of reduced funding and interest in AI research.

The first video games like "Pac-Man" and "Donkey Kong" incorporated sophisticated AI to control the behavior of in-game enemies. These AI systems used basic decision-making algorithms to create challenging gameplay experiences.

# CIA and AI

In the 1970s, following the moon landing, AI research continued to progress despite the AI winter of the 1970s. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) played a crucial role in funding AI research. Projects like Shakey the Robot at Stanford Research Institute showcased early attempts at AI-based robotics.

Secret projects conducted by the CIA with an interest in AI and used computer technology for codebreaking and data analysis. Giving birth to spy machines.

The Cold War brought about intense competition between the USA and the Soviet Union, extending to AI research. Both superpowers recognized the potential military applications of AI. The AI race during this time involved developing AI systems for strategic planning, surveillance, and defense.

# WW3

The development of AI systems for nuclear rocket systems was designed to detect incoming missile attacks and respond swiftly. These systems aimed to minimize the risk of accidental nuclear war by providing rapid and accurate threat assessments.

The use of AI in weapons systems was becoming more sophisticated. Smart munitions, such as guided missiles and precision-guided bombs, utilized AI algorithms for target identification and tracking. These AI-driven weapons improved accuracy and reduced collateral damage.

AI was integrated into tank systems to enhance their capabilities. AI-driven targeting systems allowed tanks to acquire and lock onto targets more quickly and accurately. Additionally, AI was used for predictive maintenance, helping to identify potential mechanical issues before they became critical.

Submarines of this era began incorporating AI for navigation, sonar, and communication systems. AI helped submarines navigate complex underwater environments, detect and track enemy vessels, and optimize their stealth capabilities.

The late 1990s saw the emergence of the first generation of military drones, including UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles). These early drones were used for reconnaissance and surveillance during the NATO bombings in Yugoslavia.

Drones played a critical role in gathering real-time intelligence, monitoring enemy positions, and assessing the outcomes of airstrikes. They provided valuable data to NATO forces, contributing to their strategic decision-making.

# War on Terror

AI-powered drones evolved significantly during the War on Terror. These drones were equipped with advanced AI algorithms for autonomous flight, target recognition, and decision-making. They played a crucial role in surveillance, reconnaissance, and targeted airstrikes. The use of AI in drones allowed for more precise targeting while minimizing civilian casualties.

AI was integrated into missile systems to enhance their accuracy and effectiveness. These AI-guided missiles could adjust their trajectory in real-time to track and hit moving targets. This technology improved the success rate of missile strikes and reduced the risk of collateral damage.

The concept of AI-controlled machine guns used computer vision and target recognition algorithms to identify and engage enemy combatants while minimizing the risk of friendly fire. These AI machine guns were programmed to prioritize and engage hostile targets based on predefined criteria.

The CIA, utilized AI for various purposes. One notable application was the use of tiny cameras and beacons placed on animals and other inconspicuous objects in hostile areas. These devices provided real-time intelligence and helped monitor the movements of targets.

The integration of AI in military operations during the War on Terror raised ethical and legal questions, particularly regarding the use of autonomous weapons and the potential for AI to make life-and-death decisions on the battlefield.

# Julian Assange

Julian Assange and the organization WikiLeaks became known for its mission to publish confidential and sensitive information.

In 2010, WikiLeaks released the Iraq War Logs, a collection of nearly 400,000 classified military documents that detailed incidents and activities during the Iraq War. The publication shed light on various aspects of the conflict, including civilian casualties and military operations.

WikiLeaks also published the Afghan War Diary in 2010, consisting of over 75,000 documents related to the war in Afghanistan. These documents revealed the extent of civilian casualties and covert operations.

WikiLeaks released a cache of over 250,000 diplomatic cables from the U.S. State Department, known as "Cablegate." These cables contained sensitive and candid assessments of foreign governments and leaders.

Julian Assange's role in these disclosures led to significant political repercussions. He was arrested by British authorities in April 2019 after his asylum status was revoked by the Ecuadorian government. The extradition battle ensued, with Assange facing charges in the United States related to the publication of classified information.

The exposure of government secrets by WikiLeaks and Assange's subsequent legal battles contributed to public awareness of the importance of transparency and the potential consequences for those who expose classified information. It also sparked debates about freedom of the press, national security, and the boundaries of journalism in the digital age.

# New Era/Rise of AI

The revelations of classified information through WikiLeaks and Julian Assange exposed the use of AI by the United States and CIA. sparking interest among scientists, hackers, and science enthusiasts. As news of AI applications in intelligence and military operations spread, it piqued the curiosity of individuals from various backgrounds.

Scientists and programmers began to explore AI program codes through WikiLeaks. creating open-source AI tools and frameworks provided valuable resources for research and development in the AI field. The open-source nature of these projects contributed to the democratization of AI technology.

In 2009, an anonymous entity known as Satoshi Nakamoto introduced Bitcoin, a decentralized digital currency built on blockchain technology. While not directly related to AI, Bitcoin's emergence revolutionized the financial landscape. It introduced the concept of cryptocurrencies and blockchain, which have since influenced various sectors, including finance and supply chain management.

The rapid growth of AI led to the development of an AI-enhanced internet. Search engines and recommendation systems increasingly relied on AI algorithms to deliver personalized content and search results. This AI-driven internet aimed to enhance user experiences by tailoring information to individual preferences and behavior.

Anonymous, a loosely organized hacker collective, gained notoriety for its activism and cyberattacks against governments, corporations, and organizations. While Anonymous's actions are not exclusively related to AI, they use various online tools and techniques, including hacking, to advance their causes and promote transparency.

Artificially intelligent computer systems are used extensively in medical sciences. Common applications include diagnosing patients, end-to-end drug discovery and development, improving communication between physician and patient, transcribing medical documents, such as prescriptions, and remotely treating patients.

Artificial intelligence promises to revolutionize medicine, giving us a better understanding of health and disease and the ability to make more decisions based on data.

# OpenAI

Elon Musk, the entrepreneur and CEO of companies like SpaceX and Tesla, became an influential figure in the tech world. While he wasn't primarily associated with AI, he invested in AI research and co-founded OpenAI, an organization dedicated to the responsible development of artificial general intelligence (AGI). Musk has expressed concerns about the potential risks associated with AGI and advocated for ethical AI practices.

Like all advanced technologies, artificial intelligence has a significant impact on people's lives today and it is simply impossible for one not to use artificial intelligence. Everything is more beautiful, better, more precise , more desirable, anyone can do what they want . The use of other people's names as well as pictures and videos has now taken to a whole new level.

# Information War

By leveraging AI, marketers can divide their target audience into specific segments based on demographics, interests, behaviors, or engagement levels.

Fake social media accounts are another technology with the potential to accelerate the spread of miss information and propaganda to center stage: thousands of fake accounts on social networks are organized and spread false news or negative comments about the image of an organization, State, person or political candidate.

AI algorithms and deep learning techniques can generate highly convincing fake text, images, and even videos, often referred to as "deepfakes." Malicious actors can use AI-generated content to spread disinformation, making it increasingly difficult to discern what is real and what is fabricated. This can undermine trust in media and institutions.

Political campaigns and interest groups can use AI-driven analytics to identify specific demographics and psychographics and deliver personalized content designed to influence opinions and behaviors. This can be exploited to create echo chambers and reinforce existing beliefs.

These materials are designed to manipulate public opinion and advance certain agendas, often with the goal of destabilizing democratic processes. AI can enhance cyberattacks by automating tasks like reconnaissance, vulnerability scanning, and even executing attacks. State-sponsored actors and hacktivist groups may use AI to target critical infrastructure, disrupt communication networks, and compromise sensitive data.

The use of AI in information warfare raises significant ethical concerns. Balancing the need for cybersecurity and the protection of democratic processes with individual privacy and freedom of expression is a complex challenge. Information warfare is not limited to individual actors or nations. It can have international implications, affecting relations between countries and alliances. Diplomatic efforts are needed to establish norms and agreements related to cyber and information warfare.

# Stop AI

On March 2023, more than 1,000 scientists and programmers signed a letter which warned of potential risks to society and civilization by human-competitive AI systems in the form of economic and political disruptions.

The Letter called for a six-month halt to the "dangerous race" to develop systems more powerful than OpenAI's.

The letter says "AI labs and independent experts should use this pause to jointly develop and implement a set of shared safety protocols for advanced AI design and development that are rigorously audited and overseen by independent outside experts,These protocols should ensure that systems adhering to them are safe beyond a reasonable doubt."

However, the world ignored their warning.

# Ukraine

The practice of using modified photos, recordings and video, is no longer a problem for anyone to create their own content in the form of images, videos or generic data collection.

The advancement of AI and deepfake technology continued to blur the lines between reality and fabrication, intensifying the ongoing propaganda war on a global scale.

The propaganda war during the conflict in Ukraine witnessed the emergence of fake reporters on the battlefield. These AI-generated personas disseminated biased or fabricated reports designed to shape international perceptions of the conflict. The lines between authentic journalism and propaganda became increasingly difficult to discern.

Moreover, as part of the information war, fake airplane sightings and fabricated military operations on social media platforms proliferated. These elaborate deceptions aimed to manipulate public sentiment and international responses to ongoing geopolitical conflicts.

# Hollywood Work Strike

As concerns grew about the proliferation of deepfake technology and its impact on media credibility, Hollywood actors took a stand. Actors initiated a work strike against the use of AI in movies and TV series. Their demands included strict regulations and transparency in the use of AI-generated content in the entertainment industry.

The actor strike highlighted the ethical and artistic concerns surrounding AI's role in media production. It spurred a broader societal discussion about the responsible use of AI technology, both in the realm of entertainment and in addressing the challenges posed by the ever-evolving propaganda war.

The battle for truth and authenticity in an AI-driven world continues, with actors playing a surprising role in the fight for ethical and creative boundaries in the age of advanced technology.

# AI and Life today

Artificial intelligence has enabled sophisticated tools for content censorship. These AI systems can identify and block content that is considered obscene, politically unacceptable, or a threat to propaganda. While the intention may be to maintain order and security, the use of AI censorship raises concerns about freedom of expression and the potential for misuse.

AI algorithms are employed by social media platforms, search engines, and content-sharing websites to scan and remove content that violates their guidelines. However, the effectiveness of these systems can sometimes result in false positives, leading to the removal of legitimate content and debates over censorship.

AI combined with geolocation data and social media analysis, has enabled precise tracking of individuals' locations and online activities. Companies, government agencies, and advertisers use this technology to monitor user behavior, target ads, and even predict social trends.

Location tracking is widely used in mobile apps and services, such as navigation apps and ride-sharing platforms. Social media platforms analyze user behavior to deliver personalized content and ads. However, this also means that individuals' online actions can be monitored and analyzed in ways that may infringe upon their privacy.

AI has found applications in healthcare, including the analysis of medical records. With the consent of patients and proper data security measures, AI can help healthcare providers improve diagnoses, predict disease outbreaks, and optimize treatment plans. However, the use of AI in medical records also raises concerns about data security and patient privacy.

Insurance companies use AI to assess risk, determine policy pricing, and detect fraudulent claims. They analyze vast datasets, including personal and medical information, to make informed decisions. The challenge lies in striking a balance between risk assessment and respecting individuals' privacy.

Google, as a tech giant, uses AI in various ways, including personalizing search results and ads. It collects vast amounts of user data to improve its services. Google's data practices have been subject to scrutiny and debates over privacy.

# Writers Note

The use of AI is undeniably a double-edged sword. Much like any tool, it has the potential to be harnessed for both noble and evil purposes. AI empowers people to create art, poetry, music, and countless innovations that enrich our lives. However, it can also be wielded to invade privacy, conduct surveillance, commit crimes, and cause harm to others.

Ultimately, the morality of AI usage rests firmly within the domain of human civilization. AI itself is not inherently good or evil, it is a tool shaped by the intentions and actions of those who create and deploy it. Much like a knife in a kitchen, which can be used to prepare meals for one's family, but can also be used as a weapon.

With this reflection, this page ends, acknowledging Artificial Intelligence as a remarkable tool.