Proto-Uxian

**Proto-Uxian** is the ancestors of all Uxian languages.

## Phonology

Proto-Uxian's phonology is distinct as it has 42 consonants while only having 3 vowels.

The syllable structure was (C)V(C), although onsets were initially mandatory, and codas could only appear word finally. Stress goes on the penultimate syllable.

### Consonants

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 The exact qualities of *\*ɦ,* \*h, *\*r* and *\*ʀ* are uncertain. *\*ɦ* and *\*h* could've been Glottal, Pharyngeal, or Epiglottal, and *\*r* and *\*ʀ* could've been approximants or trills.

Proto-Uxian had 5 sets of Voiced-Voiceless-Ejective stops. It also had 5 sets of Voiced-Voiceless-Ejective affricates, which could've also been fricatives, along with the 2 Voiced and Voiceless laryngeal fricatives (the Voiced fricative could've possibly been a voiceless stop instead, although if the laryngeals were pharyngeals it would've been unlikely.)

It also had 2 rhotics (*\*r* and *\*ʀ*) where the manner of articulation was arguably either approximants, trills, or even flaps.

## Evolution Timeline

* Genesis
* The suffix *\*-akʼ* used for passive verbs is created.
* The suffix *\*-iʁ* used for pluralization is created.
* Verbs are suffixed to create grammatical cases, making illegal consonant clusters.
	+ The active and passive forms of the verb "to be", *\*wuʁ* and *\*wuʁakʼ* are suffixed to indicate the Nominative and Accusative cases respectively.
	+ The verb "have", *\*zaʒ* is suffixed to indicate the Genitive case.
	+ The verb "meet", *\*qʼaχ* is suffixed to indicate the Comitative case. The negator can be prefixed to the verb, making *\*-janqʼaχ* to indicate the Abessive case.
	+ The verb "enter", *\*cʼił* is suffixed to indicate the Locative case.
	+ The verb "get", *\*žah* is suffixed to indicate the Dative case.
	+ The verb "give", *\*puq* is suffixed to indicate the Ablative case.
	+ The expression *\*ha* is also suffixed, to indicate the Vocative case.
* To fix the consonant clusters, they underwent a change named the "declustering".
* The suffixes *\*-aʀ, \*-as,* and *\*-il* used for the Past, Present, and Future tenses respectively are created.
* The present suffix *\*-as* is added to the past tense to create the Imperfect past, from now on will the Past tense be reffered to as the Perfect.

### More info

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Using the phrase "I'm with(out) you" as an example, the suffixes were initially used for the "**I'm with(out)** you", as in "**I (don't) meet** you", but were later used for the true Comitative and Abessive cases, as in "I'm **with(out) you**, meaning that they were initially suffixed to the subject but later on to the object. This also applies to the Locative case as in the phrase "I'm in you."

	* If a vowel cluster neighbors the initial consonant, the consonant and the second vowel will metathesize.
		+ *e.g. \*gi**iʁ**wuʁ > \*gi**ʁi**wuʁ*
	* If one of the consonant is a semivowel, it will syllabicize.
		+ *e.g. \*butʼ**w**uʁ > \*butʼ**u**uʁ*
	* If the initial consonant is an obstruent, it will elide and leave behind the preceding vowel.
		+ *e.g. \*sʼiɢja**n**qʼaχ> \*sʼiɢja**a**qʼaχ*
	* If the second consonant is an obstruent or a laryngeal, it will elide and geminate the initial consonant.
		+ *e.g. \*sʼiɢ**h**a > sʼiɢ**ɢ**a*
	* The rest will gain an *\*a* between them.