20th Century Studios

American film studioTemplate:SHORTDESC:American film studio
This article is about the company since 1935. For the similarly-named predecessor company, see Twentieth Century Pictures.

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* Fox Film
* Twentieth Century Pictures
* William Fox
* Joseph M. Schenck
* Darryl F. Zanuck
* 20th Digital Studio
* Fox Family
* Fox Studios Australia
* Fox VFX Lab

**20th Century Studios, Inc.** (simply known as **20th Century**, formerly known as **Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation** and **Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation**) is an American film studio that is a subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios, a division of The Walt Disney Company. The studio is located on the Fox Studio Lot in the Century City area of Los Angeles. Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures distributes and markets the films produced by 20th Century Studios.

20th Century Studios was one of the "Big Six" major American film studios for over 83 years; it was formed as Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation from the merger of the Fox Film Corporation and the original 20th Century Pictures in 1935. In 1985, the studio became known as **20th Century Fox** after being acquired by News Corporation, which was split and succeeded by 21st Century Fox in 2013, after spinning off its publishing assets. In 2019, Disney purchased 20th Century Fox through its acquisition of 21st Century Fox. The studio's current name was adopted on January 17, 2020.

## History

### From founding to 1956

See also: Fox Film and Twentieth Century Pictures
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Twentieth Century Pictures' Joseph Schenck and Darryl F. Zanuck left United Artists over a stock dispute, and began merger talks with the management of financially struggling Fox Film, under President Sidney Kent.

Spyros Skouras, then manager of the Fox West Coast Theaters, helped make it happen (and later became president of the new company). The company had been struggling since founder William Fox lost control of the company in 1930.

Fox Film Corporation and Twentieth Century Pictures merged in 1935. Initially, it was speculated in *The New York Times* that the newly merged company would be named *Fox-Twentieth Century*. The new company, Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation, began trading on May 31, 1935. Kent remained at the company, joining Schenck and Zanuck. Zanuck replaced Winfield Sheehan as the company's production chief.

The company established a special training school. Lynn Bari, Patricia Farr and Anne Nagel were among 14 young women "launched on the trail of film stardom" on August 6, 1935, when they each received a six-month contract with 20th Century-Fox after spending 18 months in the school. The contracts included a studio option for renewal for as long as seven years.

For many years, 20th Century-Fox claimed to have been founded in 1915, the year Fox Film was founded. For instance, it marked 1945 as its 30th anniversary. However, in recent years it has claimed the 1935 merger as its founding, even though most film historians agree it was founded in 1915. The company's films retained the 20th Century Pictures searchlight logo on their opening credits as well as its opening fanfare, but with the name changed to 20th Century-Fox.

After the merger was completed, Zanuck signed young actors to help carry 20th Century-Fox: Tyrone Power, Linda Darnell, Carmen Miranda, Don Ameche, Henry Fonda, Gene Tierney, Sonja Henie, and Betty Grable. 20th Century-Fox also hired Alice Faye and Shirley Temple, who appeared in several major films for the studio in the 1930s.

Higher attendance during World War II helped 20th Century-Fox overtake RKO and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to become the third most profitable film studio. In 1941, Zanuck was commissioned as a lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Signal Corps and assigned to supervise production of U.S. Army training films. His partner, William Goetz, filled in at 20th Century-Fox.

In 1942, Spyros Skouras succeeded Kent as president of the studio. During the next few years, with pictures like *Wilson* (1944), *The Razor's Edge* (1946), *Boomerang*, *Gentleman's Agreement* (both 1947), *The Snake Pit* (1948), and *Pinky* (1949), Zanuck established a reputation for provocative, adult films. 20th Century-Fox also specialized in adaptations of best-selling books such as Ben Ames Williams' *Leave Her to Heaven* (1945), starring Gene Tierney, which was the highest-grossing 20th Century-Fox film of the 1940s. The studio also produced film versions of Broadway musicals, including the Rodgers and Hammerstein films, beginning with the musical version of *State Fair* (1945), the only work that the partnership written especially for films.

After the war, audiences slowly drifted away with the advent of television. 20th Century-Fox held on to its theaters until a court-mandated "divorce"; they were spun off as Fox National Theaters in 1953. That year, with attendance at half the 1946 level, 20th Century-Fox gambled on an unproven process. Noting that the two film sensations of 1952 had been Cinerama, which required three projectors to fill a giant curved screen, and "Natural Vision" 3D, which got its effects of depth by requiring the use of polarized glasses, 20th Century-Fox mortgaged its studio to buy rights to a French anamorphic projection system which gave a slight illusion of depth without glasses. President Spyros Skouras struck a deal with the inventor Henri Chrétien, leaving the other film studios empty-handed, and in 1953 introduced CinemaScope in the studio's groundbreaking feature film *The Robe*.

Zanuck announced in February 1953 that henceforth all 20th Century-Fox pictures would be made in CinemaScope. To convince theater owners to install this new process, 20th Century-Fox agreed to help pay conversion costs (about $25,000 per screen); and to ensure enough product, 20th Century-Fox gave access to CinemaScope to any rival studio choosing to use it. Seeing the box-office for the first two CinemaScope features, *The Robe* and *How to Marry a Millionaire* (also 1953), Warner Bros., MGM, Universal-International), Columbia Pictures and Disney quickly adopted the process. In 1956, 20th Century-Fox engaged Robert Lippert to establish a subsidiary company, Regal Pictures, later Associated Producers Incorporated to film B pictures in CinemaScope (but "branded" RegalScope). 20th Century-Fox produced new musicals using the CinemaScope process including *Carousel* and *The King and I* (both 1956).

CinemaScope brought a brief upturn in attendance, but by 1956 the numbers again began to slide. That year Darryl Zanuck announced his resignation as head of production. Zanuck moved to Paris, setting up as an independent producer, seldom being in the United States for many years.

### Production and financial problems

Zanuck's successor, producer Buddy Adler, died a year later. President Spyros Skouras brought in a series of production executives, but none had Zanuck's success. By the early 1960s, 20th Century-Fox was in trouble. A new version of *Cleopatra* (1963) began production in 1959 with Joan Collins in the lead. As a publicity gimmick, producer Walter Wanger offered $1 million to Elizabeth Taylor if she would star; she accepted and costs for *Cleopatra* began to escalate. Richard Burton's on-set romance with Taylor was surrounding the media. However, Skouras' selfish preferences and inexperienced micromanagement on the film's production did nothing to speed up production on *Cleopatra*.

Meanwhile, another remake — of the Cary Grant hit *My Favorite Wife* (1940) — was rushed into production in an attempt to turn over a quick profit to help keep 20th Century-Fox afloat. The romantic comedy entitled *Something's Got to Give* paired Marilyn Monroe, 20th Century-Fox's most bankable star of the 1950s, with Dean Martin and director George Cukor. The troubled Monroe caused delays on a daily basis, and it quickly descended into a costly debacle. As *Cleopatra*'s budget passed $10 million, eventually costing around $40 million, 20th Century-Fox sold its back lot (now the site of Century City) to Alcoa in 1961 to raise funds. After several weeks of script rewrites on the Monroe picture and very little progress, mostly due to director George Cukor's filming methods, in addition to Monroe's chronic sinusitis, Monroe was fired from *Something's Got to Give* and two months later she was found dead. According to 20th Century-Fox files, she was rehired within weeks for a two-picture deal totaling $1 million, $500,000 to finish *Something's Got to Give* (plus a bonus at completion), and another $500,000 for *What a Way to Go*. Elizabeth Taylor's bout with pneumonia and the media coverage of the Burton affair allowed Skouras to scapegoat the two stars for all the production setbacks, which helped earn the long-time industry professional Taylor a new disruptive reputation. Challenges on the *Cleopatra* set continued from 1960 into 1962, though three 20th Century-Fox executives went to Rome in June 1962 to fire her. They learned that director Joseph L. Mankiewicz had filmed out of sequence and had only done interiors, so 20th Century-Fox was then forced to allow Taylor several more weeks of filming. In the meantime during that summer of 1962 Fox released nearly all of its contract stars to offset burgeoning costs, including Jayne Mansfield.

With few pictures on the schedule, Skouras wanted to rush Zanuck's big-budget war epic *The Longest Day* (1962), an accurate account of the Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944, with a huge international cast, into release as another source of quick cash. This offended Zanuck, still 20th Century-Fox's largest shareholder, for whom *The Longest Day* was a labor of love that he had dearly wanted to produce for many years. After it became clear that *Something's Got to Give* would not be able to progress without Monroe in the lead (Martin had refused to work with anyone else), Skouras finally decided that re-signing her was unavoidable. But days before filming was due to resume, she was found dead at her Los Angeles home and the picture resumed filming as *Move Over, Darling*, with Doris Day and James Garner in the leads. Released in 1963, the film was a hit. The unfinished scenes from *Something's Got to Give* were shelved for nearly 40 years. Rather than being rushed into release as if it were a B-picture, *The Longest Day* was lovingly and carefully produced under Zanuck's supervision. It was finally released at a length of three hours, and was well received.

At the next board meeting, Zanuck spoke for eight hours, convincing directors that Skouras was mismanaging the company and that he was the only possible successor. Zanuck was installed as chairman, and then named his son Richard Zanuck as president. This new management group seized *Cleopatra* and rushed it to completion, shut down the studio, laid off the entire staff to save money, axed the long-running Movietone Newsreel (the archives of which are now owned by Fox News), and made a series of cheap, popular pictures that restored 20th Century-Fox as a major studio. The saving grace for the studio's fortunes came from the tremendous success of *The Sound of Music* (1965), an expensive and handsomely produced film adaptation of the highly acclaimed Rodgers and Hammerstein Broadway musical, which became a significant success at the box office and won five Academy Awards, including Best Director (Robert Wise) and Best Picture of the Year.

20th Century-Fox also had two big science-fiction hits in the decade: *Fantastic Voyage* (1966), and the original *Planet of the Apes* (1968), starring Charlton Heston, Kim Hunter, and Roddy McDowall. *Fantastic Voyage* was the last film made in CinemaScope; the studio had held on the format while Panavision lenses were being used elsewhere.

Zanuck stayed on as chairman until 1971, but there were several expensive flops in his last years, resulting in 20th Century-Fox posting losses from 1969 to 1971. Following his removal, and after an uncertain period, new management brought 20th Century-Fox back to health. Under president Gordon T. Stulberg and production head Alan Ladd, Jr., 20th Century-Fox films connected with modern audiences. Stulberg used the profits to acquire resort properties, soft-drink bottlers, Australian theaters and other properties in an attempt to diversify enough to offset the boom-or-bust cycle of picture-making.

Foreshadowing a pattern of film production still yet to come, in late 1973 20th Century-Fox joined forces with Warner Bros. to co-produce *The Towering Inferno* (1974), an all-star action blockbuster from producer Irwin Allen. Both studios found themselves owning the rights to books about burning skyscrapers. Allen insisted on a meeting with the heads of both studios, and announced that as 20th Century-Fox was already in the lead with their property it would be career suicide to have competing movies. Thus the first joint-venture studio deal was struck. In hindsight, while it may be commonplace now, back in the 1970s, it was a risky, but revolutionary, idea that paid off handsomely at both domestic and international box offices around the world.

20th Century-Fox's success reached new heights by backing the most profitable film made up to that time, *Star Wars* (1977). Substantial financial gains were realized as a result of the film's unprecedented success: from a low of $6 in June 1976, stock prices more than quadrupled to almost $27 after *Star Wars'* release; 1976 revenues of $195 million rose to $301 million in 1977.

### Marvin Davis and Rupert Murdoch

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With financial stability came new owners, when 20th Century-Fox was sold for $720 million on June 8, 1981 to investors Marc Rich and Marvin Davis. 20th Century-Fox's assets included Pebble Beach Golf Links, the Aspen Skiing Company and a Century City property upon which Davis built and twice sold Fox Plaza.

By 1984, Rich had become a fugitive from justice, having fled to Switzerland after being charged by U.S. federal prosecutors with tax evasion, racketeering and illegal trading with Iran during the Iran hostage crisis. Rich's assets were frozen by U.S. authorities. In 1984 Marvin Davis bought out Marc Rich's 50% interest in 20th Century-Fox Film Corporation for an undisclosed amount, reported to be $116 million. Davis sold this interest to Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation for $250 million in March 1985. Davis later backed out of a deal with Murdoch to purchase John Kluge's Metromedia television stations. Murdoch went ahead alone and bought the stations, and later bought out Davis' remaining stake in 20th Century Fox for $325 million. From 1985, the hyphen was quietly dropped from the brand name, with *20th Century-Fox* changing to *20th Century Fox*.

To gain FCC approval of 20th Century-Fox's purchase of Metromedia's television holdings, once the stations of the long-dissolved DuMont network, Murdoch had to become a U.S. citizen. He did so in 1985, and in 1986 the new Fox Broadcasting Company took to the air. Over the next 20-odd years the network and owned-stations group expanded to become extremely profitable for News Corp.

The company formed its Fox Family Films division in 1994 to boost production at the studio and would handled animation films. In February 1998, following the success of *Anastasia*, Fox Family Films changed its name to Fox Animation Studios and drop its live action production which would be picked up by other production units.

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Since January 2000, this company has been the international distributor for MGM/UA releases. In the 1980s, 20th Century Fox — through a joint venture with CBS called CBS/Fox Video — had distributed certain UA films on video; thus UA has come full circle by switching to 20th Century Fox for video distribution. 20th Century Fox also makes money distributing films for small independent film companies.

In late 2006, Fox Atomic was started up under Fox Searchlight head Peter Rice and COO John Hegeman as a sibling production division under Fox Filmed Entertainment. In early 2008, Atomic's marketing unit was transferred to Fox Searchlight and 20th Century Fox, when Hegeman moved to New Regency Productions. Debbie Liebling became president. After two middling successes and falling short with other films, the unit was shut down in April 2009. The remaining films under Atomic in production and post-productions were transferred to 20th Century Fox and Fox Spotlight with Liebling overseeing them.

In 2008, 20th Century Fox announced an Asian subsidiary, Fox STAR Studios, a joint venture with STAR TV, also owned by News Corporation. It was reported that Fox STAR would start by producing films for the Bollywood market, then expand to several Asian markets. In 2008, 20th Century Fox started Fox International Productions .

Chernin Entertainment was founded by Peter Chernin after he stepped down as president of 20th Century Fox's then-parent company News Corp. in 2009. Chernin Entertainment's five-year first-look deal for the film and television was signed with 20th Century Fox and 20th Century Fox TV in 2009.

In August 2012, 20th Century Fox signed a five-year deal with DreamWorks Animation to distribute in domestic and international markets. However, the deal did not include the distribution rights for previously released films which DreamWorks Animation acquired from Paramount Pictures later in 2014. Fox's deal with DreamWorks Animation ended on June 2, 2017 with *Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie*, with Universal Pictures taking over the distribution deal with DreamWorks Animation due to NBCUniversal's acquisition of DreamWorks Animation on August 22, 2016, starting on February 22, 2019 with the release of *How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World*.

### 21st Century Fox era

In 2012, Rupert Murdoch announced that News Corp. would be split into two publishing and media-oriented companies: a new News Corporation, and 21st Century Fox, which operated the Fox Entertainment Group and 20th Century Fox. Murdoch considered the name of the new company a way to maintain the 20th Century Fox's heritage.

Fox Stage Productions was formed in June 2013. In August 2013, 20CF started a theatrical joint venture with a trio of producers, both film and theater, Kevin McCollum, John Davis and Tom McGrath.

In September 2017, Locksmith Animation formed a multi-year production deal with 20th Century Fox, who will distribute Locksmith's films, with Locksmith aiming to release a film every 12–18 months. The deal was to bolster Blue Sky's output and replace the loss of distributing DreamWorks Animation films.

Technoprops, a VFX company that worked on *Avatar* and *The Jungle Book*, was purchased in April 2017 to operate as Fox VFX Lab. Technoprops' founder Glenn Derry would continue to run the company as vice president of visual effect reporting to John Kilkenny, VFX president.

On October 30, 2017, Vanessa Morrison was named president of a new created 20th Century Fox division, Fox Family, reporting to the Chairman & CEO and Vice Chairman of 20th Century Fox. The family division would develop films that appeal to younger moviegoers and their parents both animated films and films with live action elements. Also, the division would oversee the studio's family animated television business, which produce based holiday television specials on existing film properties, and oversee feature film adaptation of its TV shows. To replace Morrision at Fox Animation, Andrea Miloro and Robert Baird were named co-presidents of 20th Century Fox Animation.

20th Century Fox issued a default notice in regards to its licensing agreement for the under-construction 20th Century Fox World theme park in Malaysia by Genting Malaysia Bhd. In November 2018 Genting Malaysia filed suit in response and included soon to be parent The Walt Disney Company.

### Disney era and studio renaming

Further information: Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney
On December 14, 2017, The Walt Disney Company announced plans to purchase most of the 21st Century Fox assets, including 20th Century Fox, for $52.4 billion. After a bid from Comcast (parent company of NBCUniversal) for $65 billion, Disney counterbid with $71.3 billion. On July 19, 2018, Comcast dropped out of the bid for 21st Century Fox in favor of Sky plc and Sky UK. Eight days later, Disney and 21st Century Fox shareholders approved the merger between the two companies. Although the deal was completed on March 20, 2019, 20th Century Fox was not planning to relocate to Walt Disney Studios in Burbank. It would retain its headquarters in Century City on the Fox Studio Lot, which is currently leased to Disney by Fox Corporation, for seven years. Various units were moved out from under 20th Century Fox at acquisition and months.

On January 17, 2020, Disney renamed the studio as 20th Century Studios (legally, 20th Century Studios, Inc.), which served to help avoid brand confusion with the Fox Corporation. Similar to other Disney film units, distribution of 20th Century films is now handled by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, while Searchlight Pictures operates their own autonomous distribution unit. The first film released by Disney under the studio's new name was *The Call of the Wild*.

In January 2020, held-over production president Emma Watts resigned from the company. On March 12, 2020, Steve Asbell was named president, production of 20th Century Studios, while Morrison was named president, streaming, Walt Disney Studios Motion Picture Production to oversee live action development and production of Disney Live Action and 20th Century Studios for Disney+. Philip Steuer will now lead physical and post production, as well as VFX, as president of production at Walt Disney Studios Motion Picture Production. Randi Hiller will now lead casting as executive vp casting, overseeing for both Disney Live Action and 20th Century Studios. Steuer has served as executive vp physical production for Walt Disney Studios since 2015, and Hiller has led casting for Walt Disney Studios since 2011. Both will dual-report to Asbell and Bailey.

## Television

Main article: 20th Television
20th Television is the television production division of 20th Century Studios. 20th Century Fox Television was the studio's television production division, along with Fox 21 Television Studios until they were renamed 20th Television and Touchstone Television respectively in 2020. 20th Television was also the studio's television syndication division until it was folded into Disney Media Distribution and Disney-ABC Domestic Television in 2020.

During the mid-1950s, feature films were released to television in the hope that they would broaden sponsorship and help distribution of network programs. Blocks of one-hour programming of feature films to national sponsors on 128 stations was organized by Twentieth Century Fox and National Telefilm Associates. Twentieth Century Fox received 50% interest in NTA Film network after it sold its library to National Telefilm Associates. This gave 90 minutes of cleared time a week and syndicated feature films to 110 non-interconnected stations for sale to national sponsors.

### Buyout of Four Star

Rupert Murdoch's 20th Century Fox bought out the remaining assets of Four Star Television from Ronald Perelman's Compact Video in 1996. The majority of Four Star Television's library of programs are controlled by 20th Television today. After Murdoch's numerous buyouts during the buyout era of the eighties, News Corporation had built up financial debts of $7 billion (much from Sky TV in the UK), despite the many assets that were held by NewsCorp. The high levels of debt caused Murdoch to sell many of the American magazine interests he had acquired in the mid-1980s.

## Music

Main articles: 20th Century Fox Records and Fox Music
Between 1933 and 1937, a custom record label called *Fox Movietone* was produced starting at F-100 and running through F-136. It featured songs from Fox movies, first using material recorded and issued on Victor's Bluebird label and halfway through switched to material recorded and issued on ARC's dime store labels (Melotone, Perfect, etc.). These scarce records were sold only at Fox Theaters.

Fox Music has been 20th Century Fox's music arm since 2000. It encompasses music publishing and licensing businesses, dealing primarily with Fox Entertainment Group television and film soundtracks.

Prior to Fox Music, 20th Century Records was its music arm from 1958 to 1981.

## Radio

The *Twentieth Century Fox Presents* radio series were broadcast between 1936 and 1942. More often than not, the shows were a radio preview featuring a medley of the songs and soundtracks from the latest movie being released into the theaters, much like the modern day movie trailers we now see on TV, to encourage folks to head down to their nearest Picture House.

The radio shows featured the original stars, with the announcer narrating a lead up that encapsulated the performance.

## Motion picture film processing

From its earliest ventures into movie production, Fox Film Corporation operated its own processing laboratories. The original lab was located in Fort Lee, New Jersey along with the studios. A lab was included with the new studio built in Los Angeles in 1916. Headed by Alan E. Freedman, the Fort Lee lab was moved into the new Fox Studios building in Manhattan in 1919. In 1932, Freedman bought the labs from Fox for $2,000,000 to bolster what at that time was a failing Fox liquidity. He renamed the operation "DeLuxe Laboratories," which much later became DeLuxe Entertainment Services Group. In the 1940s Freedman sold the labs back to what was then 20th Century Fox and remained as president into the 1960s. Under Freedman's leadership, DeLuxe added two more labs in Chicago and Toronto and processed film from studios other than Fox.

## Divisions

### Fox Atomic

Fox Atomic was a youth-focused film production company and division of Fox Filmed Entertainment that operated from 2006 to April 2009. Atomic was originally paired with Fox Spotlight Pictures under the same leadership.

In late 2006, Fox Atomic was started up under Fox Searchlight head Peter Rice and COO John Hegeman as a sibling production division under Fox Filmed Entertainment. Debbie Liebling transferred to Fox Atomic in 2007 from Fox. In January 2008, Atomic's marketing unit was transferred to Fox Searchlight and 20th Century Fox, when Hegeman moved to New Regency Productions. Debbie Liebling became president. After two middling successes and falling short with other films, the unit was shut down in April 2009. The remaining films under Atomic in production and post-productions were transferred to 20th Century Fox and Fox Spotlight with Liebling overseeing them.

* *Turistas* (December 2006)
* *The Hills Have Eyes 2* (2007)
* *28 Weeks Later* (2007)
* *The Comebacks*
* *The Rocker*
* *Miss March*
* *12 Rounds*

Films in production at shut down and transferred to other Fox units

* *I Love You, Beth Cooper* (July 10, 2009) 20th Century Fox release, 1492 Pictures production company, directed by Chris Columbus and starring Hayden Panettiere
* *Post Grad* (August 21, 2009) through Fox Searchlight directed by Vicky Jenson and starring Alexis Bledel
* *Jennifer's Body* (September 18, 2009) 20th Century Fox release, directed by Karyn Kusama and starring Megan Fox

### Fox Family

Fox Family is a family-friendly production division of 20th Century Studios. Besides family-friendly theatrical films, the division oversees mixed media (live-action with animation), family animated holiday television specials based on film properties and film features based on TV shows.

On October 30, 2017, Morrison was transferred from her post as president of 20th Century Fox Animation, the prior Fox Family Films, to be president of a newly created 20th Century Fox division, Fox Family, which as a mandate similar to Fox Family Films. The division pick up supervision of a *Bob's Burgers* film and some existing deals with animation producers, including Tonko House. With the sale of 21st Century Fox to Disney in March 2019, rights to *The Dam Keeper* feature animated film returned to Tonko House.

With the August 2019 20th Century Fox slate overhaul announcement, 20th Century Fox properties such as *Home Alone*, *Night at the Museum*, and *Diary of the Wimpy Kid* have been assigned for Disney+ release and assigned to Fox Family. On March 12, 2020, Morrison was named president, Streaming, Walt Disney Studios Motion Picture Production to oversee live action development and production of Disney Live Action and 20th Century Studios for Disney+.

**Upcoming productions**
* *Bob's Burgers: The Movie*
* an unnamed *The Simpsons Movie* sequel
* *The Prom Goer's Interstellar Excursion* based film, produced with Chernin Entertainment
* *Paper Lanterns* live-action/animated family film written by Jonny Sun and produced with Chernin Entertainment
* *The Garden* live-action/CGI musical film based on book of Genesis's the Garden of Eden with Franklin Entertainment

### Fox VFX Lab

Fox VFX Lab is a visual effects company division of 20th Century Studios that was acquired in 2017 known as Technoprops. It is led by president John Kilkenny. Besides their visual effects activities, the division oversees different parts of the world to apply for and work on projects that include films such as *Avatar*, *The Jungle Book*, *Rogue One*, *Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows*, *Doctor Strange*, and *Warcraft* and also video game properties like *Need for Speed* (2015), *Battlefield 1*, *Rainbow Six Siege*, *Watch Dogs 2*, *Just Cause 3*, *Rise of the Tomb Raider*, *Assassin's Creed Syndicate*, *Mafia III*, *Halo 4*, *Mortal Kombat 11*, *Far Cry* (*Far Cry 5* and *Primal*), *Call of Duty* (*Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare* and *Black Ops III*) and *Sonic the Hedgehog* (*Sonic Forces* and *Team Sonic Racing*).

### Fox International Productions

Fox International Productions was the division of 20th Century Fox in charge of local production in 12 territories in China, Europe, India and Latin America from 2008 to 2017.

In 2008, 20th Century Fox started Fox International Productions under president Sanford Panitch. The company had $900 million in box-office receipts by the time Panitch left the company for Sony on June 2, 2015. Co-president of worldwide theatrical marketing and distribution for 20th Century Fox Tomas Jegeus was named president of Fox International Productions effective September 1, 2015. The company struck a development and production deal in November 2015 with Zhejiang Huace, a Chinese entertainment group. In December 2017, 20th Century Fox film chairman-CEO Stacey Snider indicated that Fox International Productions would be dissolved in favor of each local and regional offices producing or acquiring projects.

## Logo and fanfare

 File:20th Century-Fox fanfare 1947.webm
The familiar 20th Century production logo originated as the logo of Twentieth Century Pictures and was adopted by 20th Century-Fox after the merger in 1935. It consists of a stacked block-letter three-dimensional, monolithic logotype (nicknamed "the Monument") surrounded by Art deco buildings and illuminated by searchlights. In the production logo that appears at the start of films, the searchlights are animated and the sequence is accompanied by a distinctive fanfare that was originally composed in 1933 by Alfred Newman. The original layout of the logo was designed by special effects animator and matte painting artist Emil Kosa Jr..

The 20th Century logo and fanfare have been recognised as an iconic symbol of a golden age of Hollywood. Its appearance at the start of popular films such as *How Green Was My Valley* (1941) and *MASH* (1970) established its recognition.

In 1953, Rocky Longo, an artist at Pacific Title, was hired to recreate the original logo design for the new CinemaScope picture process. Longo tilted the "0" in "20th" to have the logo maintain proportions in the wider CinemaScope format. Alfred Newman also re-composed the logo's fanfare with an extension to be heard during the CinemaScope logo that would follow after the Fox logo. Although the format had since declined, director George Lucas specifically requested that the CinemaScope version of the fanfare be used for the opening titles of *Star Wars* (1977). Additionally, the film's main theme was composed by John Williams in the same key as the fanfare ([[B-flat major|BTemplate:Flat major]]), serving as an extension to it of sorts. In 1981, the logo was slightly altered with the re-straightening of the "0" in "20th".

In 1994, after a few failed attempts, Fox in-house television producer Kevin Burns was hired to produce a new logo for the company, this time using the then-new process of computer-generated imagery (CGI) adding more detail and animation, with the longer 21-second Fox fanfare arranged by Bruce Broughton used as the underscore. It would later be re-recorded by David Newman in 1997 and again in 1998.

In 2009, an updated logo created by Blue Sky Studios debuted with the release of *Avatar*.

On September 16, 2014, 20th Century Fox posted a video showcasing all of the various versions of the logo, including some variations, up until the 2009 version of the logo, with the 1998 version of the fanfare composed by David Newman, to promote the new Fox Movies website.

On January 17, 2020, it was reported that Disney had begun to phase out the "Fox" name from the studio's branding as it is no longer tied to the current Fox Corporation, with 20th Century Fox and Fox Searchlight Pictures respectively renamed to 20th Century Studios and Searchlight Pictures. Branding elements associated with the studio, including the searchlights, monolith, and fanfare, will remain in use. The first film that carries the new 20th Century Studios name is *The Call of the Wild* (coincidentally the original film adaptation was the original Twentieth Century Pictures' final movie before its merger with Fox Film).

For the 20th Century Studios logo, its print logo debuted on a movie poster of *The New Mutants* while the on-screen logo debuted in a television advertisement for and the full version debuted on February 21, 2020 with the film *The Call of the Wild*.

The 20th Century Studios logo was animated by Picturemill, based on Blue Sky Studios' animation.

## Films and franchises

### Lists

* List of 20th Century Studios films (2020–present)
* List of 20th Century Fox films (2000–2020)
* List of 20th Century Fox films (1935–1999)
* List of Twentieth Century Pictures films (1933–1936)
* List of Fox Film films (1914–1935)

### Highest-grossing films

The Academy Film Archive houses the 20th Century Fox Features Collection which contains features, trailers, and production elements mostly from the Fox, Twentieth Century, and Twentieth Century-Fox studios, from the late 1920s–1950s.

I ‡—Includes theatrical reissue(s).

## See also

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## Notes

1. ↑ Rendered as **Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation** or **20th Century-Fox** until its acquisition by News Corporation
2. ↑ Until December 3, 2020 for copyright purposes, the company used the name of **Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation** for its films, TV, specific property (i.e. "The Simpsons," "Family Guy") and is still recognized on home entertainment releases. On December 4, 2020, the company started using **20th Century Studios, Inc.** for the copyright of films and television productions as a Disney subsidiary.

## References

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2. ↑ D'Alessandro, Anthony (October 18, 2018). "Disney Finalizes Film Studio Brass Under Alan Horn: Emma Watts Confirmed To Run Fox". *Deadline*. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
3. ↑ "It's Getting Awkward at Fox's Movie Studio as Disney Deal Looms". *The Wall Street Journal*. August 10, 2018. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
4. ↑ Szalai, Georg; Bond, Paul (March 20, 2019). "Disney Closes $71.3 Billion Fox Deal, Creating Global Content Powerhouse". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
5. ↑ McClintock, Pamela; Bond, Paul (February 6, 2019). "Anxiety, AWOL Executives and "Bloodshed": How Disney Is Making 21st Century Fox Disappear". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Entity Search: C4566059 – 20th Century Studios, Inc". *California Business Search*. February 27, 2020. Retrieved April 4, 2020.
7. ↑ Littleton, Cynthia (March 19, 2019). "Disney Completes 21st Century Fox Acquisition". *Variety*. Retrieved March 19, 2019.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Holloway, Daniel (December 14, 2017). "Disney to Lease Fox Lot for Seven Years (EXCLUSIVE)". *Variety*. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 D'Alessandro, Anthony (January 30, 2020). "Emma Watts Leaves Disney's 20th Century Studios". *Deadline.com*. Retrieved February 3, 2020. Post-merger, Fox Searchlight, now re-branded Searchlight Pictures, enjoys a lot of autonomy in the Disney empire, greenlighting pics they know and operating their own distribution, publicity and marketing teams. 20th Century Studios (which recently dropped the Fox) was melded into the bigger Disney fold, fusing all its operations.
10. ↑ Williams, Trey (July 27, 2018). "Fox and Disney Shareholders Vote to Approve $71.3 Billion Merger". *The Wrap*. Retrieved July 27, 2018.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Vary, Adam B. (January 17, 2020). "Disney Drops Fox Name, Will Rebrand as 20th Century Studios, Searchlight Pictures". *Variety*. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
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15. ↑ "1935–1940 – Life in the Foxhole: Insiders Recall 83 Years of Scandal and Stardom at 20th Century Fox". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Retrieved March 5, 2019.
16. ↑ Lev 2014, pp. 15–16, https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=dA3LcAd5O5gC&lpg=PA16&pg=PA16#v=onepage&q&f=false.
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22. ↑ Behlmer, Rudy (1993). *Memo from Darryl F. Zanuck: The Golden Years at Twentieth Century-Fox*. Grove Press. ISBN 9780802133328.
23. ↑ Troyan, Thompson & Sylvester 2017, p. 29, https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=JLCzDgAAQBAJ&lpg=PA29&pg=PA29#v=onepage&q&f=false.
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27. ↑ Watson 2015, p. 290.
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29. ↑ Harris 2011, p. 1900.
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31. ↑ Wojcik, Pamela Robertson (January 1, 2012). *New Constellations: Movie Stars of the 1960s*. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-5229-3.
32. ↑ Ferruccio 2010, p. 117.
33. ↑ Strait 1992, p. 86.
34. ↑ "Move Over, Darling". *Doris Day*. United States. Retrieved April 29, 2016.
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37. ↑ Anderson, Erik (September 28, 2013). "Best Supporting Studio: Warner Bros. Pictures' Track Record in the Best Supporting Actor Category". *Awards Watch*. United States. Retrieved April 29, 2016.
38. ↑ Solomon 2002, pp. 19–20.
39. ↑ Barton, David (June 9, 1981). "Fox Landslides Into Davis' Arms". *Daily Variety*. p. 1.
40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Thomas C. Hayes (June 20, 1984). "Rich to Sell Fox Stake to Davis". *The New York Times*.
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43. ↑ Slide, Anthony (1998). *The New Historical Dictionary of the American Film Industry*. Scarecrow Press. p. 211. ISBN 978-0-8108-6636-2. Retrieved April 1, 2020.
44. ↑ Petrikin, Chris (February 18, 1998). "Fox renamed that toon". *Variety*. Retrieved March 31, 2018.
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46. ↑ 46.00 46.01 46.02 46.03 46.04 46.05 46.06 46.07 46.08 46.09 46.10 Kilday, Gregg; Fernandez, Jay A. (April 20, 2009). "Fox shutting down youth-focused film unit". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Reuters. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
47. ↑ "Fox sets Asian movie venture". *Los Angeles Times*. September 10, 2008. Retrieved April 29, 2016.
48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 Siegel, Tatiana (April 13, 2015). "Sanford Panitch Leaving Fox for Top Post at Sony". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
49. ↑ Vary, Adam B. (January 17, 2020). "Disney and Chernin Entertainment Parting Ways". *Variety*. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
50. ↑ Siegel, Tatiana (November 5, 2014). "Peter Chernin Nears Renewal of Fox Film Pact; TV Deal to Be Shopped". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
51. ↑ Chney, Alexandra (July 29, 2014). "DreamWorks Animation Q2 Earnings Fall Short of Estimates, SEC Investigation Revealed". *Variety*. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
52. ↑ Welch, Chris (May 9, 2013). "21st Century Fox logo unveiled ahead of News Corp split". *The Verge*. Vox Media. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
53. ↑ Rushe, Dominic (June 18, 2013). "Rupert Murdoch splits empire but keeps faith in tomorrow's newspapers". *The Guardian*. Retrieved June 18, 2013.
54. ↑ Gerard, Jeremy (July 28, 2015). "Fox Names Isaac Robert Hurwitz To Head Live Theater Division". *Deadline*. Retrieved March 28, 2019.
55. ↑ Cox, Gordon (August 8, 2013). "Kevin McCollum: Fox Finds Its Stage Coach". *Variety*. Retrieved March 28, 2019.
56. ↑ Lang, Brent (September 20, 2017). "Fox, Locksmith Animation Ink Multi-Year Production, Development Deal". *Variety Magazine*. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
57. ↑ Giardina, Carolyn (April 6, 2017). "Fox Acquires Virtual Production Firm Technoprops". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Retrieved March 28, 2019.
58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 58.2 Lang, Brent (October 30, 2017). "Vanessa Morrison Named Head of Fox Family in Animation Division Overhaul". *Variety*. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
59. ↑ Kilday, Gregg (October 30, 2017). "Fox Animation Names Andrea Miloro, Robert Baird Co-Presidents". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Retrieved March 31, 2018.
60. ↑ Stempel, Jonathan (November 27, 2018). "Disney, Fox deny claims in $1 billion Malaysia theme park lawsuit". *Reuters*. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
61. ↑ Snider, Mike (December 14, 2017). "Disney to buy key 21st Century Fox assets for $52.4 billion". *USA Today*. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
62. ↑ "Comcast bids $65 billion for 21st Century Fox assets, topping Disney". *CNBC*. June 13, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2018.
63. ↑ Williams, Trey (July 27, 2018). "Fox and Disney Shareholders Vote to Approve $71.3 Billion Merger". *The Wrap*. Retrieved July 27, 2018.
64. ↑ Hayes, Dade; Patten, Dominic (February 27, 2019). "Disney-Fox Deal Nears Final Approval After Progress In Brazil And Mexico". *Deadline Hollywood*. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
65. ↑ Lang, Brent (January 30, 2020). "Emma Watts Resigns as Twentieth Century Studios Production President". *Variety*. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
66. ↑ Low, Elaine (August 10, 2020). "Disney Rebrands TV Studios, 20th Century Fox TV to Become 20th Television". *Variety*. Retrieved August 10, 2020.
67. ↑ Boddy, William (1990). *Fifties Television: The Industry and Its Critics*. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252062995.
68. ↑ "Perelman's Not Out of the Game Just Yet". *Los Angeles Times*. July 18, 1996. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
69. ↑ *Louis E. Wolfson;David Charnay*. *Life* (Photo). January 1, 1955. Archived from the original on June 11, 2011.
70. ↑ "OBIT/Hollywood Producer and Novelist David B. Charnay Dies at Age 90". *Business Wire*. October 7, 2002.
71. ↑ McLellan, Dennis (October 6, 2002). "David Charnay, 90; Journalist, Publicist and TV Syndicator". *The Los Angeles Times*.
72. ↑ *The encyclopedia of the history of American management* (2005) Morgen Witzel Continuum International Publishing Group p393 ISBN: 978-1-84371-131-5
73. ↑ "20th Century Fox Presents". *RUSC*. Retrieved April 29, 2016.
74. ↑ Fox Folks Vol. I, No. 4, August 1922.
75. ↑ Fox Folks Vol. I, No. 4, August 1922. Also, Vol. III, No. 7, July 1924, p. 12 and back outside cover, and Vol. III, No. 8, August 1924, p. 8.
76. ↑ Image, DeLuxe Laboratories, Inc. check 101 to Fox Film Corporation for $2,000,000.
77. ↑ "Freedman Group Buys Fox Film Laboratories". *Film Daily*. United States. April 3, 1932. p. 1. Retrieved April 29, 2016.
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80. ↑ Flores, Terry (March 4, 2019). "Animation Studio Tonko House Unveils Development Slate". *Variety*. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
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## Archival sources

* Finding aid to the Earl I. Sponable papers, 1928-1968, at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library.

## External links

* Official website
* 20th Century Studios on IMDb
* 20th Century Studios from Box Office Mojo
* Template:Cite archival metadata

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