recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Charcuterie

**Charcuterie** (/ʃɑːrˈkuːtəri/ (listen) *shar-KOO-tər-ee*, also US: /ʃɑːrˌkuːtəˈriː/ (listen) *-⁠EE*, French: [ʃaʁkyt(ə)ʁi] (listen); from *chair*, 'meat', and *cuit*, 'cooked') is a French term for a branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products, such as bacon, ham, sausage, terrines, *galantines*, *ballotines*, *pâtés*, and *confit*, primarily from pork.

Charcuterie is part of the *garde manger* chef's repertoire. Originally intended as a way to preserve meat before the advent of refrigeration, they are prepared today for their flavors derived from the preservation processes.

## References:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcuterie
Natalie Portman

**Natalie Portman** (born **Neta-Lee Hershlag**, Hebrew: נטע-לי הרשלג‎;[a] June 9, 1981) is an actress and filmmaker with dual Israeli and American citizenship. Prolific in film since a teenager, she has starred in blockbusters and also played psychologically troubled women in independent films, for which she has received several accolades, including an Academy Award and two Golden Globe Awards.

Portman began her acting career at age 12 by starring as the young protégée of a hitman in the action drama film *Léon: The Professional* (1994). While in high school, she made her Broadway theatre debut in a 1998 production of *The Diary of a Young Girl* and gained international recognition for starring as Padmé Amidala in *Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace* (1999). From 1999 to 2003, Portman attended Harvard University for a bachelor's degree in psychology, while continuing to act in the *Star Wars* prequel trilogy (2002, 2005) and in The Public Theater's 2001 revival of Anton Chekhov's play *The Seagull*. In 2004, Portman was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and won a Golden Globe Award for playing a mysterious stripper in the romantic drama *Closer*.

Portman's career progressed with her starring roles as Evey Hammond in *V for Vendetta* (2006), Anne Boleyn in *The Other Boleyn Girl* (2008), and a troubled ballerina in the psychological horror film *Black Swan* (2010), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress. She went on to star in the romantic comedy *No Strings Attached* (2011) and featured as Jane Foster in the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero films *Thor* (2011), and *Thor: The Dark World* (2013), which established her among the best-paid actresses in the world. She has since portrayed Jacqueline Kennedy in the biopic *Jackie* (2016), gaining her third Academy Award nomination, and a biologist in the science fiction film *Annihilation* (2018).

Portman's directorial ventures include the short film *Eve* (2008) and the biographical drama *A Tale of Love and Darkness* (2015). She is vocal about the politics of America and Israel, and is an advocate for animal rights and environmental causes. She is married to dancer and choreographer Benjamin Millepied, with whom she has two children.

## Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalie\_Portman

-https://www.instagram.com/natalieportman/

-https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000204/
Antibirth

***Antibirth*** is a 2016 psychedelic body horror film written and directed by Danny Perez and starring Natasha Lyonne, Chloë Sevigny, Meg Tilly, Mark Webber, Maxwell McCabe-Lokos and Emmanuel Kabongo. The film follows a drug-addled woman in a remote Michigan town who becomes pregnant after taking a strange drug. The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2016. The film was released in the United States on September 2, 2016, by IFC Midnight.

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibirth
Platonism

**Platonism** is the philosophy of Plato and philosophical systems closely derived from it, though contemporary platonists do not necessarily accept all of the doctrines of Plato.[1] Platonism had a profound effect on Western thought. Platonism at least affirms the existence of abstract objects, which are asserted to exist in a third realm distinct from both the sensible external world and from the internal world of consciousness, and is the opposite of nominalism.[1] This can apply to properties, types, propositions, meanings, numbers, sets, truth values, and so on (see abstract object theory). Philosophers who affirm the existence of abstract objects are sometimes called platonists; those who deny their existence are sometimes called nominalists. The terms "platonism" and "nominalism" also have established senses in the history of philosophy, where they denote positions that have little to do with the modern notion of an abstract object.[2]

In a narrower sense, the term might indicate the doctrine of Platonic realism. The central concept of Platonism, a distinction essential to the Theory of Forms, is the distinction between the reality which is perceptible but unintelligible, associated with the flux of Heraclitus and studied by the likes of science, and the reality which is imperceptible but intelligible, associated with the unchanging being of Parmenides and studied by the likes of mathematics. Geometry was a main motivation of Plato, and this also shows the influence of Pythagoras. The Forms are typically described in dialogues such as the *Phaedo*, *Symposium* and *Republic* as perfect archetypes of which objects in the everyday world are imperfect copies. Aristotle's Third Man Argument is its most famous criticism in antiquity.

In the *Republic* the highest form is identified as the Form of the Good, the source of all other Forms, which could be known by reason. In the *Sophist*, a later work, the Forms *being*, *sameness* and *difference* are listed among the primordial "Great Kinds". Plato established the Academy, and in the 3rd century BC, Arcesilaus adopted academic skepticism, which became a central tenet of the school until 90 BC when Antiochus added Stoic elements, rejected skepticism, and began a period known as Middle Platonism.

In the 3rd century AD, Plotinus added mystical elements, establishing Neoplatonism, in which the summit of existence was the One or the Good, the source of all things; in virtue and meditation the soul had the power to elevate itself to attain union with the One. Many Platonic notions were adopted by the Christian church which understood Plato's Forms as God's thoughts (a position also known as divine conceptualism), while Neoplatonism became a major influence on Christian mysticism in the West through Saint Augustine, Doctor of the Catholic Church, who was heavily influenced by Plotinus' *Enneads*,[3] and in turn were foundations for the whole of Western Christian thought.[4] many ideas of Plato were incorporated by the Roman Catholic Church.

## Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platonism

-https://www.britannica.com/topic/Platonism

-https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/platonism/
Paleolithic Art

In the history of art, **prehistoric art** is all art produced in preliterate, prehistorical cultures beginning somewhere in very late geological history, and generally continuing until that culture either develops writing or other methods of record-keeping, or makes significant contact with another culture that has, and that makes some record of major historical events. At this point ancient art begins, for the older literate cultures. The end-date for what is covered by the term thus varies greatly between different parts of the world.

The earliest human artifacts showing evidence of workmanship with an artistic purpose are the subject of some debate. It is clear that such workmanship existed by 40,000 years ago in the Upper Paleolithic era, although it is quite possible that it began earlier. In September 2018, scientists reported the discovery of the earliest known drawing by *Homo sapiens*, which is estimated to be 73,000 years old, much earlier than the 43,000 years old artifacts understood to be the earliest known modern human drawings found previously.

Engraved shells created by *Homo erectus* dating as far back as 500,000 years ago have been found, although experts disagree on whether these engravings can be properly classified as ‘art’. From the Upper Paleolithic through to the Mesolithic, cave paintings and portable art such as figurines and beads predominated, with decorative figured workings also seen on some utilitarian objects. In the Neolithic evidence of early pottery appeared, as did sculpture and the construction of megaliths. Early rock art also first appeared during this period. The advent of metalworking in the Bronze Age brought additional media available for use in making art, an increase in stylistic diversity, and the creation of objects that did not have any obvious function other than art. It also saw the development in some areas of artisans, a class of people specializing in the production of art, as well as early writing systems. By the Iron Age, civilizations with writing had arisen from Ancient Egypt to Ancient China.

Many indigenous peoples from around the world continued to produce artistic works distinctive to their geographic area and culture, until exploration and commerce brought record-keeping methods to them. Some cultures, notably the Maya civilization, independently developed writing during the time they flourished, which was then later lost. These cultures may be classified as prehistoric, especially if their writing systems have not been deciphered.

## References:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistoric\_art

-https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-paleolithic-art-182389

-https://www.theartist.me/art-movement/paleolithic-art/

-https://courses.lumenlearning.com/culturalanthropology/chapter/paleolithic-art/

-http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/prehistoric/paleolithic-art-culture.htm
Meret

In Egyptian mythology, **Meret** (also spelled **Mert**) was a goddess who was strongly associated with rejoicing, such as singing and dancing.

Meret was a token wife occasionally given to Hapy, the god of the Nile. Her name being a reference to this, meaning simply *the beloved*. As token wife, she was usually depicted with the same associations as Hapy, having on her head either the blue lotus for Upper Egypt, or the papyrus plant for Lower Egypt. Since Hapy was the source of bountifulness, Meret was usually depicted with an offering bowl, as she was seen, being his wife, as the symbolic recipient of his generosity.

Among the lower classes, where nationalism was less important than successful harvest, she was more strongly considered the wife of Hapy than the protectresses of Lower and Upper Egypt, which were more normally his wife in the upper classes. As a deity whose role was to be the symbolic receiver of bounty from the inundation of the Nile, she was strongly associated with rejoicing, such as singing and dancing.[1] Later stories tell that Meret was the goddess of the eighth hour, in the *Book of Gates.*
27 Club

The **27 Club** is a list consisting mostly of popular musicians, artists, or actors who died at age 27. Although the claim of a "statistical spike" for the death of musicians at that age has been repeatedly disproved by research, it remains a cultural phenomenon, documenting the deaths of celebrities, some noted for their high-risk lifestyles. Names are often put forward for inclusion, but because the club is entirely notional, there is no official membership.
Ned Smith Center For Nature And Art

The mission of the Ned Smith Center for Nature and Art is to merge the arts and the natural world and foster a celebration of both.

Rooted in the scenic Susquehanna Valley of Central Pennsylvania, we strive to be the leading institution for the collection and dissemination of art and natural history knowledge, particularly when the two intersect and reinforce one another. We are the repository for the art, writings and other work of the late Ned Smith, from whose life the center takes its original inspiration. The center seeks to appeal to all ages, races and genders across Pennsylvania and beyond. Our goal is to be viewed as a vibrant cornerstone to the cultural, economic, social and environmental life of the community.
Enochian

**Enochian** (English pronunciation: /ɛnoʊkiən/ *en-oh-kee-ən*) is an occult language, claimed to be angelic, recorded in the private journals of John Dee and his colleague Edward Kelley in late 16th-century England. Kelley was a spirit medium who worked with Dee in his magical investigations. The men claimed that the language was revealed to them by the Enochian angels. The language is integral to the practice of Enochian magic. The syntax and grammar of the Enochian language are highly similar to the English language.

The language found in Dee's and Kelley's journals encompasses a limited textual corpus, only some of it with English translations. Several linguists, notably Donald Laycock, have studied Enochian, and argue against any extraordinary features in the language.

Dee's journals did not describe the language as "Enochian", instead preferring descriptors like "Angelical", the "Celestial Speech", the "Language of Angels", the "First Language of God-Christ", the "Holy Language" or "Adamical" because, according to Dee's Angels, it was used by Adam in Paradise to name all things. The term "Enochian" comes from Dee's assertion that the Biblical Patriarch Enoch had been the last human (before Dee and Kelley) to know the language.

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enochian
Avant-garde

The **avant-garde** (/ˌævɒ̃ˈɡɑːrd/;[2] French: [avɑ̃ɡaʁd];[3] from French, "advance guard" or "vanguard", literally "fore-guard")[4] are people or works that are experimental, radical, or unorthodox with respect to art, culture, or society.[4][5][6] It is frequently characterized by aesthetic innovation and initial unacceptability.[7]

The avant-garde pushes the boundaries of what is accepted as the norm or the status quo, primarily in the cultural realm. The avant-garde is considered by some to be a hallmark of modernism, as distinct from postmodernism. Many artists have aligned themselves with the avant-garde movement and still continue to do so, tracing a history from Dada through the Situationists to postmodern artists such as the Language poets around 1981.[8][*failed verification*]

The avant-garde also promotes radical social reforms. It was this meaning that was evoked by the Saint Simonian Olinde Rodrigues in his essay "L'artiste, le savant et l'industriel" ("The artist, the scientist and the industrialist", 1825), which contains the first recorded use of "avant-garde" in its now customary sense: there, Rodrigues calls on artists to "serve as [the people's] avant-garde", insisting that "the power of the arts is indeed the most immediate and fastest way" to social, political and economic reform.
A Plague Tale: Innocence

***A Plague Tale: Innocence*** is an action-adventure horror stealth game developed by Asobo Studio and published by Focus Home Interactive. It was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in May 2019, and received generally positive reviews from critics.

## References:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A\_Plague\_Tale%3A\_Innocence
'Twas The Night Before Christmas

**Twas the night before Christmas, when all through the house

Not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse;**
The stockings were hung by the chimney with care,
In hopes that St. Nicholas soon would be there;

The children were nestled all snug in their beds,
While visions of sugar-plums danced in their heads;
And mamma in her 'kerchief, and I in my cap,
Had just settled down for a long winter's nap,

When out on the lawn there arose such a clatter,
I sprang from the bed to see what was the matter.
Away to the window I flew like a flash,
Tore open the shutters and threw up the sash.

The moon on the breast of the new-fallen snow
Gave the lustre of mid-day to objects below,
When, what to my wondering eyes should appear,
But a miniature sleigh, and eight tiny reindeer,

With a little old driver, so lively and quick,
I knew in a moment it must be St. Nick.
More rapid than eagles his coursers they came,
And he whistled, and shouted, and called them by name;

"Now, DASHER! now, DANCER! now, PRANCER and VIXEN!
On, COMET! on CUPID! on, DONNER and BLITZEN!
To the top of the porch! to the top of the wall!
Now dash away! dash away! dash away all!"

As dry leaves that before the wild hurricane fly,
When they meet with an obstacle, mount to the sky,
So up to the house-top the coursers they flew,
With the sleigh full of toys, and St. Nicholas too.

And then, in a twinkling, I heard on the roof
The prancing and pawing of each little hoof.
As I drew in my hand, and was turning around,
Down the chimney St. Nicholas came with a bound.

He was dressed all in fur, from his head to his foot,
And his clothes were all tarnished with ashes and soot;
A bundle of toys he had flung on his back,
And he looked like a peddler just opening his pack.

His eyes -- how they twinkled! his dimples how merry!
His cheeks were like roses, his nose like a cherry!
His droll little mouth was drawn up like a bow,
And the beard of his chin was as white as the snow;

The stump of a pipe he held tight in his teeth,
And the smoke it encircled his head like a wreath;
He had a broad face and a little round belly,
That shook, when he laughed like a bowlful of jelly.

He was chubby and plump, a right jolly old elf,
And I laughed when I saw him, in spite of myself;
A wink of his eye and a twist of his head,
Soon gave me to know I had nothing to dread;

He spoke not a word, but went straight to his work,
And filled all the stockings; then turned with a jerk,
And laying his finger aside of his nose,
And giving a nod, up the chimney he rose;

He sprang to his sleigh, to his team gave a whistle,
And away they all flew like the down of a thistle.
But I heard him exclaim, ere he drove out of sight,
HAPPY CHRISTMAS TO ALL, AND TO ALL A GOOD-NIGHT!
Book of Genesis

The **Book of Genesis**,[a] the first book of the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament,[1] is an account of the creation of the world and the origins of the Jewish people.[2]

It is divisible into two parts, the primeval history (chapters 1–11) and the ancestral history (chapters 12–50).[3] The primeval history sets out the author's concepts of the nature of the deity and of humankind's relationship with its maker: God creates a world which is good and fit for mankind, but when man corrupts it with sin God decides to destroy his creation, saving only the righteous Noah to reestablish the relationship between man and God.[4] The ancestral history (chapters 12–50) tells of the prehistory of Israel, God's chosen people.[5] At God's command Noah's descendant Abraham journeys from the Sumerian city of Ur into the God-given land of Canaan, where he dwells as a sojourner, as does his son Isaac and his grandson Jacob. Jacob's name is changed to Israel, and through the agency of his son Joseph, the children of Israel descend into Egypt, 70 people in all with their households, and God promises them a future of greatness. Genesis ends with Israel in Egypt, ready for the coming of Moses and the Exodus. The narrative is punctuated by a series of covenants with God, successively narrowing in scope from all mankind (the covenant with Noah) to a special relationship with one people alone (Abraham and his descendants through Isaac and Jacob).[6]

In Judaism, the theological importance of Genesis centers on the covenants linking God to his chosen people and the people to the Promised Land. Christianity has interpreted Genesis as the prefiguration of certain cardinal Christian beliefs, primarily the need for salvation (the hope or assurance of all Christians) and the redemptive act of Christ on the Cross as the fulfillment of covenant promises as the Son of God.

Tradition credits Moses as the author of Genesis, as well as the books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and most of Deuteronomy, but modern scholars increasingly see them as a product of the 6th and 5th centuries BC.

## Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book\_of\_Genesis
Lord Raptor

A charismatic young rock star who killed himself and 100 of his fans via ritualistic sacrifice. He became a supernatural being when Emperor Ozom took notice of his actions and revived him. After becoming Ozom's personal assassin he was told that if he seeks to be stronger, he would have to defeat the Darkstalkers as well as collect their souls for the Emperor. Although Lord Raptor agreed, his true plans were to destroy Ozom and to take his spot as Emperor.

## References:

-https://darkstalkers.fandom.com/wiki/Lord\_Raptor

-https://capcom.fandom.com/wiki/Lord\_Raptor
Elvis Presley

**Elvis Aaron Presley**[a] (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977), also known simply as **Elvis**, was an American singer and actor. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is often referred to as the "King of Rock and Roll" or simply "The King".

Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis, Tennessee, with his family when he was 13 years old. His music career began there in 1954, recording at Sun Records with producer Sam Phillips, who wanted to bring the sound of African-American music to a wider audience. Presley, on rhythm acoustic guitar, and accompanied by lead guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, was a pioneer of rockabilly, an uptempo, backbeat-driven fusion of country music and rhythm and blues. In 1955, drummer D. J. Fontana joined to complete the lineup of Presley's classic quartet and RCA Victor acquired his contract in a deal arranged by Colonel Tom Parker, who would manage him for more than two decades. Presley's first RCA single, "Heartbreak Hotel", was released in January 1956 and became a number-one hit in the United States. With a series of successful network television appearances and chart-topping records, he became the leading figure of the newly popular sound of rock and roll. His energized interpretations of songs and sexually provocative performance style, combined with a singularly potent mix of influences across color lines during a transformative era in race relations, made him enormously popular—and controversial.

In November 1956, Presley made his film debut in *Love Me Tender*. Drafted into military service in 1958, Presley relaunched his recording career two years later with some of his most commercially successful work. He held few concerts however, and guided by Parker, proceeded to devote much of the 1960s to making Hollywood films and soundtrack albums, most of them critically derided. In 1968, following a seven-year break from live performances, he returned to the stage in the acclaimed television comeback special *Elvis*, which led to an extended Las Vegas concert residency and a string of highly profitable tours. In 1973, Presley gave the first concert by a solo artist to be broadcast around the world, *Aloha from Hawaii*. Years of prescription drug abuse severely compromised his health, and he died suddenly in 1977 at his Graceland estate at the age of 42.

Presley is the best-selling solo music artist of all time. He was commercially successful in many genres, including pop, country, blues, and gospel. He won three Grammys,[5] received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at age 36, and has been inducted into multiple music halls of fame. He holds the records for the most RIAA certified Gold and Platinum albums.[6] In 2018, Presley was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.[7]
Lorenzo de' Medici

**Lorenzo de' Medici** (Italian pronunciation: [loˈrɛntso de ˈmɛːditʃi], 1 January 1449 – 8 April 1492)[1] was an Italian statesman, *de facto* ruler of the Florentine Republic and the most powerful and enthusiastic patron of Renaissance culture in Italy.[2][3][4] Also known as **Lorenzo the Magnificent** (*Lorenzo il Magnifico* [loˈrɛntso il maɲˈɲiːfiko]) by contemporary Florentines, he was a magnate, diplomat, politician and patron of scholars, artists and poets. As a patron, he is best known for his sponsorship of artists such as Botticelli and Michelangelo. He held the balance of power within the Italic League, an alliance of states that stabilized political conditions on the Italian peninsula for decades, his life coincided with the mature phase of the Italian Renaissance and the Golden Age of Florence.[5] The Peace of Lodi of 1454 that he helped maintain among the various Italian states collapsed with his death. He is buried in the Medici Chapel in Florence.

## Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenzo\_de%27\_Medici

-https://www.thoughtco.com/biography-of-lorenzo-de-medici-4588616
Abney Park

**Abney Park**, a steampunk band based in Seattle, was responsible for initiating the steampunk musical subculture, transforming steampunk from a little known literary genre to a popular movement, and inspiring many later steampunk bands, writers and craftsmen. Their name comes from Abney Park Cemetery in London (UK). Formerly a goth band, Abney Park has transformed their look and sound and has been called the "quintessential" spokespeople of steampunk culture.[1]

### References:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abney\_Park\_(band)

-https://www.facebook.com/Abney-Park-312292093741/
Ashmolean Museum

The **Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology** (/æʃˈmoʊliən, ˌæʃməˈliːən/)[2] on Beaumont Street, Oxford, England, is the world's first university museum.[3] Its first building was erected in 1678–1683 to house the cabinet of curiosities that Elias Ashmole gave to the University of Oxford in 1677.

The present building was erected 1841–1845. The museum reopened in 2009 after a major redevelopment. In November 2011, new galleries focusing on Egypt and Nubia were unveiled. In May 2016, the museum opened new galleries of 19th-century art.

## References:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashmolean\_Museum

-https://www.youtube.com/user/AshmoleanVideos
American Philatelic Society

The **American Philatelic Society** (**APS**) is the largest nonprofit stamp collecting foundation of philately in the world. Both the membership and interests of the society are worldwide.

## History:

The organization, originally named the *American Philatelic Association*, was established on September 14, 1886 in New York City, and the following day elected John K. Tiffany as its first president.[1] Voting membership was granted to 219 individuals who paid two bits (25¢) for the privilege. The organization's name was changed to its present name for a few months in 1897, then back, then permanently in 1908.

Society membership reached over 4,000 in 1940, and included U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes. At the 1942 APS convention, board member Donald Lybarger argued for the creation of a central office near the geographic center of the philatelic community, but not in a large city. When he was elected APS President in 1943, he was able to turn his vision into reality. At the 1944 APS convention it was announced that the APS would accept applications for the position of Executive Secretary. H. Clay Musser of State College, Pennsylvania, was selected and the APS office was established there on April 1, 1945. As a testament to their leadership, the APS became the US representative to the Federation Internationale de Philatelie in 1947.

By the mid-1990s, the expanded services, staff and the American Philatelic Research Library had outgrown the facility in State College. A study determined that because of high local real estate values, it was not cost effective to expand the existing building. A search of alternatives identified a property ten miles (sixteen kilometers) from State College that was basically sound and could be acquired for a reasonable amount. In 2002, after much discussion, debate and soul searching, the APS committed millions of dollars to purchasing and renovating what was known as the Match Factory in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania. The **American Philatelic Center** was dedicated in June, 2004.

## Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American\_Philatelic\_Society

-https://stamps.org/
Folklore

**Folklore studies**, also known as **folkloristics**, and occasionally **tradition studies** or **folk life studies** in the United Kingdom, is the branch of anthropology devoted to the study of folklore. This term, along with its synonyms, gained currency in the 1950s to distinguish the academic study of traditional culture from the folklore artifacts themselves. It became established as a field across both Europe and North America, coordinating with *Volkskunde* (German), *folkeminner* (Norwegian), and *folkminnen* (Swedish), among others.

To fully understand the term *folklore studies*, it is necessary to clarify its component parts: the terms **folk** and **lore**. Originally the word *folk* applied only to rural, frequently poor, frequently illiterate peasants. A more contemporary definition of *folk* is a social group which includes two or more persons with common traits, who express their shared identity through distinctive traditions. "Folk is a flexible concept which can refer to a nation as in American folklore or to a single family."[6] This expanded social definition of *folk* supports a wider view of the material considered to be *folklore artifacts*. These now include "things people make with words (verbal lore), things they make with their hands (material lore), and things they make with their actions (customary lore)".[7] The folklorist studies the traditional artifacts of a group. They study the groups, within which these customs, traditions and beliefs are transmitted.
Pan

In ancient Greek religion and mythology, **Pan** (/pæn/;[1] Ancient Greek: Πάν, romanized: *Pán*) is the god of the wild, shepherds and flocks, nature of mountain wilds, rustic music and impromptus, and companion of the nymphs.[2] He has the hindquarters, legs, and horns of a goat, in the same manner as a faun or satyr. With his homeland in rustic Arcadia, he is also recognized as the god of fields, groves, wooded glens and often affiliated with sex; because of this, Pan is connected to fertility and the season of spring. The ancient Greeks also considered Pan to be the god of theatrical criticism.[3] The word *panic* ultimately derives from the god's name.

In Roman religion and myth, Pan's counterpart was Faunus, a nature god who was the father of Bona Dea, sometimes identified as Fauna; he was also closely associated with Sylvanus, due to their similar relationships with woodlands. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Pan became a significant figure in the Romantic movement of western Europe and also in the 20th-century Neopagan movement.

### Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan\_(god)
Taliesin

**Taliesin** (/ˌtæliˈɛsɪn/ *TAL-ee-ESS-in*, Welsh: [talˈjɛsɪn]; fl. 6th century AD) was an early Brythonic poet of Sub-Roman Britain whose work has possibly survived in a Middle Welsh manuscript, the *Book of Taliesin*. Taliesin was a renowned bard who is believed to have sung at the courts of at least three Brythonic kings.

Ifor Williams identified eleven of the medieval poems ascribed to Taliesin as possibly originating as early as the sixth century, and so possibly being composed by a historical Taliesin.[1] The bulk of this work praises King Urien of Rheged and his son Owain mab Urien, although several of the poems indicate that he also served as the court bard to King Brochfael Ysgithrog of Powys and his successor Cynan Garwyn, either before or during his time at Urien's court. Some of the events to which the poems refer, such as the Battle of Arfderydd (c. 573), are referred to in other sources.

In legend and medieval Welsh poetry, he is often referred to as *Taliesin Ben Beirdd* ("Taliesin, Chief of Bards" or chief of poets). He is mentioned as one of the five British poets of renown, along with Talhaearn Tad Awen ("Talhaearn Father of the Muse"), Aneirin, Blwchfardd, and Cian Gwenith Gwawd ("Cian Wheat of Song"), in the *Historia Brittonum*, and is also mentioned in the collection of poems known as *Y Gododdin*. Taliesin was highly regarded in the mid-12th century as the supposed author of a great number of romantic legends.[2]

According to legend Taliesin was adopted as a child by Elffin, the son of Gwyddno Garanhir, and prophesied the death of Maelgwn Gwynedd from the Yellow Plague. In later stories he became a mythic hero, companion of Bran the Blessed and King Arthur. His legendary biography is found in several late renderings (see below), the earliest surviving narrative being found in a manuscript chronicle of world history written by Elis Gruffydd in the 16th century.
Intertitle

In films, an **intertitle** (also known as a **title card**) is a piece of filmed, printed text edited into the midst of (i.e. *inter-*) the photographed action at various points. Intertitles used to convey character dialogue are referred to as "dialogue intertitles", and those used to provide related descriptive/narrative material are referred to as "expository intertitles".[1] In modern usage, the terms refer to similar text and logo material inserted at or near the start of films and television shows.

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertitle
Symphonic Metal

**Symphonic metal** is a subgenre of heavy metal music that combines the heavy drums and guitars of metal with different elements of orchestral classical music, such as symphonic instruments, choirs and sometimes a full orchestra. Keyboards reminiscent of power metal are also sometimes featured.[*citation needed*]

Symphonic metal bands often feature classically trained female vocalists, giving rise to the nickname **opera metal** or **operatic metal**, and it is not uncommon for them to feature a second vocalist performing growls, a more common characteristic of gothic metal. Perhaps the most typical and prominent examples of symphonic metal bands are Dutch bands Epica and Within Temptation, Finnish band Nightwish, and

Swedish band Therion. All four bands place a large focus on elements prevalent in film scores in addition to the more basic classical components utilized more widely in the genre.

## Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphonic\_metal
Occitania

**Occitania** (Occitan: ***Occitània***, IPA: [utsiˈtanjɔ], locally [u(k)siˈtanjɔ], [ukʃiˈtanjɔ] or [u(k)siˈtanja]) is the historical region in southern Europe where Occitan was historically the main language spoken,[1] and where it is sometimes still used, for the most part as a second language. This cultural area roughly encompasses the southern third of France, as well as part of Spain (Aran Valley), Monaco, and smaller parts of Italy (Occitan Valleys, Guardia Piemontese). Occitania has been recognized as a linguistic and cultural concept since the Middle Ages, but has never been a legal nor a political entity under this name, although the territory was united in Roman times as the *Seven Provinces* (Latin: *Septem Provinciæ*[2]) and in the Early Middle Ages (*Aquitanica* or the Visigothic Kingdom of Toulouse,[3] or the share of Louis the Pious following Thionville *divisio regnorum* in 806[4]).

Currently about 200,000–800,000[5][6] people out of 16 million living in the area are either native or proficient speakers of Occitan,[7] although the languages more usually spoken in the area are French, Catalan, Spanish and Italian. Since 2006, the Occitan language has been an official language of Catalonia, which includes the Aran Valley where Occitan gained official status in 1990.

Under Roman rule, most of Occitania was known as Aquitania,[8] the earlier conquered territories were known as *Provincia Romana* (see modern Provence), while the northern provinces of what is now France were called *Gallia* (Gaul). Under the Later Empire, both were grouped in the Seven Provinces, then Nine Provinces or Viennensis. So Provence and Gallia Aquitania (or *Aquitanica*) are the names used since medieval times for Occitania (i.e. Limousin, Auvergne, Languedoc and Gascony). Thus the historic Duchy of Aquitaine must not be confused with the modern French region called Aquitaine: this is the main reason why the term *Occitania* was revived in the mid-19th century. The names "Occitania"[9] and "Occitan language" (*Occitana lingua*) appeared in Latin texts from as early as 1242–1254[10] to 1290[11] and during the following years of the early 14th century; texts exist in which the area is referred to indirectly as "the country of the Occitan language" (*Patria Linguae Occitanae*). The name Lenga d'òc that was used in Italian (*Lingua d'òc*) by Dante in the late 13th century. The somewhat uncommon ending of the term *Occitania* is most probably a portmanteau French clerks coined from *òc* [ɔk] and *Aquitània* [ɑkiˈtanjɑ], thus blending the language and the land in just one concept.[12]

On 28 September 2016 Occitanie became the name of the administrative region that succeeded the regions of Midi-Pyrénées and Languedoc-Roussillon,[13] it is a small part of Occitania.
Oxford

**Oxford** (/ˈɒksfərd/)[3][4] is a university city in Oxfordshire, England, with a population of 154,600.[1] It is 56 miles (90 km) northwest of London, 64 miles (103 km) from Birmingham and 24 miles (39 km) from Reading by road.

The city is home to the University of Oxford, the oldest university in the English-speaking world,[5] and has buildings in every style of English architecture from late Anglo-Saxon. Oxford's industries include motor manufacturing, education, publishing, information technology and science.

## References:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford

-https://www.oxford.gov.uk/
Florence

**Florence** (/ˈflɒrəns/ *FLORR-ənss*; Italian: *Firenze* [fiˈrɛntse] (listen))[a] is a city in central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,084 inhabitants in 2013, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.[4]

Florence was a centre of medieval European trade and finance and one of the wealthiest cities of that era.[5] It is considered by many academics[6] the birthplace of the Renaissance, and has been called "the Athens of the Middle Ages."[7] Its turbulent political history includes periods of rule by the powerful Medici family and numerous religious and republican revolutions.[8] From 1865 to 1871 the city served as the capital of the Kingdom of Italy (established in 1861). The Florentine dialect forms the base of Standard Italian and it became the language of culture throughout Italy[9] due to the prestige of the masterpieces by Dante Alighieri, Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccolò Machiavelli and Francesco Guicciardini.

The city attracts millions of tourists each year, and UNESCO declared the Historic Centre of Florence a World Heritage Site in 1982. The city is noted for its culture, Renaissance art and architecture and monuments.[10] The city also contains numerous museums and art galleries, such as the Uffizi Gallery and the Palazzo Pitti, and still exerts an influence in the fields of art, culture and politics.[11] Due to Florence's artistic and architectural heritage, *Forbes* has ranked it as one of the most beautiful cities in the world.[12]

Florence plays an important role in Italian fashion,[11] and is ranked in the top 15 fashion capitals of the world by Global Language Monitor;[13] furthermore, it is a major national economic centre,[11] as well as a tourist and industrial hub. In 2008 the city had the 17th-highest average income in Italy.

## Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence

-https://www.visitflorence.com/
Epistemology

**Epistemology** (/ɪˌpɪstɪˈmɒlədʒi/ (listen); from Greek ἐπιστήμη*, epistēmē*, meaning 'knowledge', and *-logy*) is the branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge.

Epistemology is the study of the nature of knowledge, justification, and the rationality of belief. Much debate in epistemology centers on four areas: (1) the philosophical analysis of the nature of knowledge and how it relates to such concepts as truth, belief, and justification,[1][2] (2) various problems of skepticism, (3) the sources and scope of knowledge and justified belief, and (4) the criteria for knowledge and justification. Epistemology addresses such questions as: "What makes justified beliefs justified?",[3] "What does it mean to say that we know something?",[4] and fundamentally "How do we know that we know?"

### Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemology
Armin van Buuren

**Armin Jozef Jacobus Daniël van Buuren** OON (/væn ˈbjʊərən/ *van BEWR-ən*,[8] Dutch: [ˈɑrmɪn ˈjoːzəf jɑˈkoːbʏs ˈdaːniˌjɛl vɑn ˈbyːrə(n)]; born 25 December 1976)[1] is a Dutch DJ, record producer and remixer from South Holland. Since 2001, he has hosted *A State of Trance*, a weekly radio show, which is broadcast to nearly 40 million listeners in 84 countries on over 100 FM radio stations.[9] According to *Djs And Festivals*, "the radio show propelled him to stardom and helped cultivate an interest in trance music around the world."[10]

Van Buuren has won a number of accolades. He has been ranked the number one DJ by *DJ Mag* a record of five times, four years in a row.[11] He was ranked fourth on the *DJ Mag* Top 100 DJs list in 2015, 2016, and 2019,[12] and third in 2017.[13] In 2014, he was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording for his single "This Is What It Feels Like" featuring Trevor Guthrie,[14] which makes him the fourth trance artist ever to receive a Grammy Award nomination.[15] In the United States, he holds the record for most entries, twenty-one, on the *Billboard* Dance/Electronic Albums chart.
Go-go Dancing

**Go-go dancers** are dancers who are employed to entertain crowds at nightclubs[1] or other venues where music is played. Go-go dancing originated in the early 1960s, by some accounts when women at the Peppermint Lounge in New York City began to get up on tables and dance the twist.[2] Some[*who?*] claim that go-go dancing originated at, and was named after, the very popular Los Angeles rock club Whisky a Go Go which opened in January 1964, but the opposite may be true – the club chose the name to reflect the already popular craze of go-go dancing.[3] Many 1960s-era clubgoers wore miniskirts and knee-high, high-heeled boots, which eventually came to be called go-go boots. Night club promoters in the mid‑1960s then conceived the idea of hiring women dressed in these outfits to entertain patrons.
Scarlett Johansson

**Scarlett Ingrid Johansson** (/dʒoʊˈhænsən/; born November 22, 1984) is an American actress and singer. The world's highest-paid actress since 2018, she has made multiple appearances in the *Forbes* Celebrity 100. Her films have grossed over $14.3 billion worldwide, making Johansson the third-highest-grossing box office star of all time. She is the recipient of numerous accolades, including a Tony Award and a BAFTA Award, as well as nominations for two Academy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards.

Born and raised in Manhattan, New York City, Johansson aspired to be an actress from a young age and first appeared on stage in an Off-Broadway play as a child. She made her film debut in the fantasy comedy *North* (1994), and gained early recognition for her roles in *Manny & Lo* (1996), *The Horse Whisperer* (1998), and *Ghost World* (2001). Johansson shifted to adult roles in 2003 with her performances in *Lost in Translation,* which won her a BAFTA Award for Best Actress, and *Girl with a Pearl Earring*. She was nominated for Golden Globe Awards for these films, and for playing an estranged teenager in the drama *A Love Song for Bobby Long* (2004), and a seductress in the psychological thriller *Match Point* (2005). Other works during this period include the mystery thriller *The Prestige* (2006) and the comedy-drama *Vicky Cristina Barcelona* (2008), and the albums *Anywhere I Lay My Head* (2008) and *Break Up* (2009), both of which charted on the *Billboard* 200.

In 2010, Johansson debuted on Broadway in a revival of *A View from the Bridge*, which won her a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress, and began portraying Black Widow in the Marvel Cinematic Universe with *Iron Man 2*. She voiced an intelligent computer operating system in the drama *Her* (2013) and a python in the adventure film *The Jungle Book* (2016), and starred as an alien in *Under the Skin* (2013) and a woman with psychokinetic abilities in *Lucy* (2014), both science fiction films. She received critical praise and nominations for two Academy Awards for playing a single mother in Nazi Germany in the satire *Jojo Rabbit* and an actress going through a divorce in the drama *Marriage Story* (both 2019).

As a public figure, Johansson is a prominent brand endorser and supports various charities. She has been described as a Hollywood sex symbol by various media outlets. She was married to Canadian actor Ryan Reynolds from 2008 to 2011, and to French businessman Romain Dauriac, with whom she has a child, from 2014 to 2017.

## Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarlett\_Johansson

-https://www.instagram.com/scarlett.johansson.fc/
Doctor Faustus

***Doctor Faustus*** is a German novel written by Thomas Mann, begun in 1943 and published in 1947 as ***Doktor Faustus: Das Leben des deutschen Tonsetzers Adrian Leverkühn, erzählt von einem Freunde*** ("Doctor Faustus: The Life of the German Composer Adrian Leverkühn, Told by a Friend").

The novel is a re-shaping of the Faust legend set in the context of the first half of the 20th century and the turmoil of Germany in that period. The story centers on the life and work of the (fictitious) composer Adrian Leverkühn. The narrator is Leverkühn's childhood friend Serenus Zeitblom, who writes in Germany between 1943 and 1946.

Leverkühn's extraordinary intellect and creativity as a young man mark him as destined for success, but his ambition is for true greatness. He strikes a Faustian bargain for creative genius: he intentionally contracts syphilis, which deepens his artistic inspiration through madness. He is subsequently visited by a Mephistophelean being (who says, in effect, "that you can only see me because you are mad, does not mean that I do not really exist"), and, renouncing love, bargains his soul in exchange for twenty-four years of genius. His madness – his daemonic inspiration – leads to extraordinary musical creativity (which parallels the actual innovations of Arnold Schoenberg).

Leverkühn's last creative years are increasingly haunted by his obsession with the Apocalypse and the Last Judgment. He feels the inexorable progress of his neuro-syphilitic madness leading towards complete breakdown. As in certain of the Faust legends, he calls together his closest friends to witness his final collapse. At a chamber-reading of his cantata "The Lamentation of Doctor Faust", he ravingly confesses his demonic pact before becoming incoherent. His madness reduces him to an infantile state in which he lives under the care of his relatives for another ten years.

Leverkühn's life unfolds in the context of, and in parallel with, the German cultural and political environment which led to the rise and downfall of Nazi Germany. But the predisposing conditions for Leverkühn's pact with the devil are set in character, and in the artistic life, the artistic processes themselves, not merely as political allegory. The interplay of layers between the narrator's historical situation, the progress of Leverkühn's madness, and the medieval legends with which Leverkühn consciously connects himself makes for an overwhelmingly rich symbolic network, an ambiguous complexity that cannot be reduced to a single interpretation.

References:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor\_Faustus\_(novel)

-https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/d/doctor-faustus/play-summary
Fan Films

A **fan film** is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book, book, or video game created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in quality, as well as in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to full-length motion pictures. Fan films are also examples of fan labor and the remix culture. Closely related concepts are Fandubs, Fansubs and Vidding which are reworks of fans on already released film material.

References:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan\_film