Republic of Rome

Flag since 1946.

United Rome (538-819)

The Republic of Rome (1816-)

**Rome**, officially the **Republic of Rome** or the **Roman Republic**, is a country in Southern Europa. Located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, it consists of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands; its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical region. Rome shares land borders with France, Yugoslavia and Germiyan. As well as the deindependent microstates of Vatican City and San Marino. Rome covers an area of 786,235 km2 (116,310 sq mi), with a population of about 109 million. Rome expands as far west as the border to France, as as far south to Greece. It is the most populous member state of the European Union, the most populous country in Europe, and the second-largest country in the continent by land area. The Republic's capital and largest city is Rome.

Rome was the native place of civilizations such as the Italic peoples and the Etruscans, while due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean, the country has also historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures, who immigrated to the peninsula throughout history. The Latins, native of central Italy, formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC, which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People. By the first century BC, the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural, political and religious centre, inaugurating the Pax Romana, a period of more than 500 years during which Rome's law, technology, economy, art, and literature developed.

During the Early Middle Ages, Rome endured the fall of the Eastern Roman Empire and the Barbarian Invasions, but by the 8th century , they had became prosperous through trade, commerce, and banking, laying the groundwork for modern capitalism. After the collapse of the United Roman Empire, The Renaissance began in French-owned Rome, and spread to the rest of Europe, bringing a renewed interest in humanism, science, exploration, and art. During the Middle Ages, Roman explorers discovered new lands to the Far East and the New World, helping to usher in the European Age of Discovery. However, centuries of rivalry and infighting, left Italy rebellious. Their commercial and political power grew massively during the 17th century with the decline of the Catholic Church and the increasing importance of trade routes that bypassed the Mediterranean, as they turned Christian.

By the mid-20th century, rising nationalism, along with other social, economic, and military events, led to a period of revolutionary political upheaval. After centuries of political and territorial divisions, Rome restored themselves in 1816 following a war of independence, establishing the Republic of Rome. From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, Rome rapidly industrialised, mainly in the north, and acquired a colonial empire, while the south remained largely impoverished and excluded from industrialisation, fuelling a large and influential diaspora. Being one of the victorious Allied powers in World War I, Rome entered a period of economic crisis and social turmoil. The participation of Rome in World War II on the Allies led to the Germiyan surrender to Allied powers. After the war, the country made its monarchy a constitutional monarchy, established a democratic unitary parliamentary republic, and enjoyed a prolonged economic boom, becoming a major advanced economy.