Ligne 150 KV - (Mazières-Garchizy)

## Présentation :

La ligne Mazières-Garchizy est une ligne à haute tension qui relie Bourges à Garchizy près de Nevers. Exploitée à 150 000 volts durant un demi siècle, elle est aujourd'hui coupée en deux et utilisée pour deux lignes à 63 et 90 KV.

Chargement de la 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class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMazi\u00e8res\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Mazi\u00e8res\n","link":"","lat":47.06607258102512,"lon":2.3930940577644666,"icon":""},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGarchizy\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Garchizy\n","link":"","lat":47.031076041827156,"lon":3.084589856366051,"icon":""}]}
## Historique :

On peut dater les origines de la ligne à la mise en service du barrage d'Eguzon sur la Creuse en 1926. A cette époque, le groupe Schneider&Cie y voit l'opportunité de raccorder son réseau électrique à cette usine hydraulique qui était dans les années 1920 la plus puissante d'Europe.

   La ligne fut mis en service en 1928 et reliait les centrales thermiques de Garchizy et de Bourges, située dans la zone industrielle de *Mazières*. Elle est un maillon de la grande liaison d'interconnexion établie entre les postes de *Henri Paul* et d'Eguzon, qui desservait les centrales thermiques et les sites industrielles de la région à savoir Gueugnon, Champvert, Imphy, Garchizy et Bourges. Sa gestion fut confiée à la *Compagnie d'Interconnexion Rhône EGuzon* (CIREG), filiale créée la même année par la famille Schneider. Elle était initialement exploitée à 60 000 volts mais sa tension fut portée à 120 KV dès 1934.

En 1941, sa tension fut à nouveau relevée pour former un axe à 150 KV Henri Paul - Eguzon suite à la création des lignes Bourges - Eguzon et Garchizy - Henri Paul.

Dans les années 1960, le poste source 150/20KV de Nérondes est mise en service sur la commune d'Ignol et la ligne y est raccordée en coupure.

Le développement du réseau à très haute tension va entrainer le déclassement de la ligne dans les années 1980. Le poste de Garchizy reçoit en effet l'échelon 225KV en 1984 par entrée en coupure de la ligne Saint-Eloi - Tabarderie. La tension de la ligne Garchizy-Vignol est ensuite réhaussée en 1985 pour créer un axe 225 KV Saint-Eloi - Vignol, ce qui entraine la disparition de l'échelon 150 KV à Garchizy. Le tronçon Garchizy-Nérondes est depuis lors exploité à 63 KV et le tronçon Nérondes-Mazières à 90 KV.

La ligne est modernisée en 2010, les travaux consistant notamment à remplacer certains anciens pylônes par des supports plus robustes.

## Description du tracé :

Le tracé de la ligne est globalement orienté Est-Ouest mais elle fait un détour pour contourner le polygone de tir de Bourges par le Sud.

* Elle part de l'ancienne centrale électrique de *Mazières* et se dirige vers l'Est. Elle franchit l'Auron puis traverse le quartier du *Val d'Auron*.
* A la sortie de Bourges, elle tourne vers le Sud-Est et suit la D2076 sur 14 km avant de bifurquer un peu plus à l'Est. Elle tourne franchement vers l'Est au niveau de Lugny-Bourbonnais puis remonte vers le Nord-Est à Ourouer-les-Bourdelins.
* Elle passe par le poste de Nérondes au bord de la D43 puis croise successivement la voie ferrée Vierzon-Saincaize et la D976 à l'Est du village. Elle tourne de nouveau à l'Est aux environs de Torteron.
* La ligne passe ensuite sur la commune de Cours-les-Barres puis franchit la Loire avant d'entrer dans le poste de Garchizy.

## Anciennes tensions :

* Ligne 60 KV - (Mazières-Garchizy)
* Ligne 120 KV - (Mazières-Garchizy)

## Troncons récupérés pour la création de nouvelles lignes :

* Ligne 90 KV - (Mazières-Nérondes)
* Ligne 63 KV - (Nérondes-Garchizy)

## Notes :

Bien que composée majoritairement de pylônes à 3 triangles, on trouvait sur la ligne une douzaine de "nappes" notamment aux endroits où elle croisait des routes ou des voies ferrées. Par ailleurs, deux imposants portiques treillis furent mis en place pour franchir la Loire entre Garchizy et Cours-les-Barres.