Franklin J. Schaffner

American directorTemplate:SHORTDESC:American director

**Franklin James Schaffner** (May 30, 1920 – July 2, 1989) was an American film, television, and stage director. He won an Academy Award for Best Director for *Patton* (1970), and is known for the films *Planet of the Apes* (1968), *Nicholas and Alexandra* (1971), *Papillon* (1973), and *The Boys from Brazil* (1978). He served as president of the Directors Guild of America between 1987 and 1989.

## Early life

 File:Otoolepeckschaffner.jpg
Schaffner was born in Tokyo, Japan, the son of American missionaries Sarah Horting (née Swords) and Paul Franklin Schaffner, and was raised in Japan.

The Schaffners returned to the United States and settled in Lancaster, Pennsylvania when Franklin Schaffner was 5 years old. Franklin Schaffner attended J.P. McCaskey High School, where he appeared as Mr. Darcy in the school's production of *Pride and Prejudice*. In 1938, he graduated as valedictorian of McCaskey High School's first graduating class.

Schaffner graduated from Franklin & Marshall College (F&M) in Lancaster. As a student, Schaffner was active in the drama program at F&M's Green Room Theatre, where he appeared in eleven plays and served as president of the Green Room Club. He then studied law at Columbia University in New York City, but his education was interrupted by service with the United States Navy in World War II during which he served with American amphibious forces in Europe and North Africa. In the latter stages of the war, he was sent to the Pacific Far East to serve with the United States Office for Strategic Services.

## Television career

Schaffner returned to the United States after the war. He worked for a world peace organization then as an assistant director for the documentary film series *The March of Time*. He became a director in the news and public affairs department of CBS television where his jobs including covering sports, beauty pageants and public-service programs.

In 1950 he directed "The Traitor", the first episode of *Ford Theatre*. He also did adaptations of *Alice in Wonderland* and *Treasure Island*.

He directed "Thunder on Sycamore Street" by Reginald Rose for *Studio One*. He and Rose reunited on *Twelve Angry Men* which won Schaffner an Emmy for Best Director.

The following year Schaffner earned another Emmy for his work on the 1955 TV adaptation of the Broadway play *The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial*, shown on the anthology series *Ford Star Jubilee*.

Schaffner became one of three regular directors on the *Kaiser Aluminium Hour*; the others were George Roy Hill and Fielder Cook. He was also a regular director on *Playhouse 90*.

He was the original director on the series, *The Defenders*, created by Rose. Schaffner's work earned him another Emmy.

In 1960, he directed Allen Drury's stage play *Advise and Consent*. This earned him the Best Director recognition in the Variety Critics Poll.

In the realm of network television, Schaffner also received widespread critical acclaim in 1962 for his groundbreaking collaboration with the First Lady of the United States Jacqueline Kennedy and CBS television's Musical Director Alfredo Antonini in the production of *A Tour of the White House with Mrs. John F. Kennedy*, a television special broadcast to over 80 million viewers worldwide.

Schaffner's contributions in this production earned him a nomination in 1963 by the Directors Guild of America, for its award in the category of Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Television.

## Feature films

### Early films

In January 1960 Schaffner signed a multi picture deal with Columbia Pictures.

In May 1961 he signed to make *A Summer Place* at 20th Century Fox with Fabian and Dolores Hart. The film was not made. Schaffner directed *The Good Years* (1962) for TV with Henry Fonda and Lucille Ball. Other TV work included *The Great American Robbery*.

Instead Schaffner's first motion picture was *The Stripper* (1963), made at Fox from a play by William Inge, starring Richard Beymer and Joanne Woodward. The film was well-received critically, but not a commercial success.

He continued to work for TV including *The Legend of Lylah Clare*.

Schaffner later made *The Best Man* (1964) based on a play by Gore Vidal and *The War Lord* (1965), based on a play by Leslie Stevens, with Charlton Heston. In a 1966 interview he said "as you mature you learn that the story is the most important thing." He announced various films for Columbia - *The Day Lincoln Was Shot*, *The Whistle Blows for Victory* and *The Green Beret* - but they were not made.

He went to Britain to make *The Double Man* (1967) with Yul Brynner, a film Schaffner admitted he did for the money.

### Peak

Schaffner had a huge critical and commercial hit in *Planet of the Apes* (1968) starring Heston at 20th Century Fox.

In December 1968 Schaffner signed a non-exclusive three-picture deal with Columbia.

His next film was for 20th Century Fox, however: *Patton* (1970), a biopic of General Patton starring George C. Scott. It was a major success for which Schaffner won the Academy Award for Best Director and the Directors Guild of America Award for Best Director.

He made *Nicholas and Alexandra* (1971) for producer Sam Spiegel. It was an expensive box-office failure. Schaffner followed it with *Papillon* (1973) a $14 million epic with Steve McQueen and Dustin Hoffman that was a considerable financial success. In 1971 he said his films "are almost always about people who are out of their time and place."

Schaffner intended to follow *Papillon* with *Dynasty of Western Outlaws*, about outlaws over the years in Missouri from a script by John Gay, and an adaptation of *The French Lieutenant's Woman*. He ended up making neither: *Dynasty* was never made, and *French Lieutenant* was made a decade later by another director.

Schaffner reunited with George C. Scott in *Islands in the Stream* (1977), based on the novel by Ernest Hemingway. He then did *The Boys from Brazil* (1978) based on a novel by Ira Levin with Gregory Peck.

### Later work

His later films included *Sphinx* (1981), a $10 million thriller about Egypt based on novel by Robin Cook and produced by Stanley O'Toole, who had made *Boys from Brazil* with Schaffner. It was a commercial failure as was *Yes, Giorgio* (1982), a musical comedy starring Luciano Pavarotti.

Schaffner's last films were *Lionheart* (1987) and *Welcome Home* (1989).

Schaffner was president of the Directors Guild of America from 1987 until his death in 1989.

## Frequent collaborators

Jerry Goldsmith composed the music for seven of his films: *The Stripper*, *Planet of the Apes*, *Patton*, *Papillon*, *Islands in the Stream*, *The Boys from Brazil* and *Lionheart*. Four of them were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score.

Schaffner twice worked with actors Charlton Heston and Maurice Evans (*The War Lord*; *Planet of the Apes*), George C. Scott (*Patton*; *Islands in the Stream*) and Laurence Olivier (*Nicholas and Alexandra*; *The Boys from Brazil*).

## Personal life

Schaffner married Helen Jean Gilchrist in 1948. The couple had two children, Jennie and Kate. She died in 2007.

Schaffner died on July 2, 1989, at the age of 69. He was released 10 days before his death from a hospital where he was being treated for lung cancer.

## Critical perception

Screenwriter William Goldman identified Schaffner in 1981 as being one of the three best directors (then living) at handling "scope" (a gift for screen epics) in films. The other two were David Lean and Richard Attenborough.

## Legacy

In 1991, Schaffner's widow, Jean Schaffner, established the Franklin J. Schaffner Alumni Medal (colloquially known as the Franklin J. Schaffner Award), which is awarded by the American Film Institute at its annual ceremony to an alumnus of either the AFI Conservatory or the AFI Conservatory Directing Workshop for Women who best embodies the qualities of the late director: talent, taste, dedication and commitment to quality filmmaking. Notable recipients include David Lynch, Amy Heckerling, Terence Malick, Darren Aronofsky, Patty Jenkins and Paul Schrader, among others.

The Directors Guild of America also began presenting a Franklin J. Schaffner Achievement Award to associate directors or stage managers in 1991.

The moving image collection of Franklin J. Schaffner is held at the Academy Film Archive.

In May 2020, the mayor of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, proclaimed Franklin Schaffner Week (May 23–30, 2020) to mark the centennial of his birth.

## References

1. ↑ Franklin J. Schaffner. Filmreference.com.
2. ↑ Kim, Erwin (1985). *Franklin J. Schaffner*. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810817999. https://books.google.com/books?id=vk0PAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Swords+of+Lancaster+in+1915%22.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Reinert, Jed (2020-05-28). "From McCaskey to F&M; to Hollywood: The saga of Oscar-winning director Franklin Schaffner". *LNP*. Archived from the original on 2020-07-03. Retrieved 2020-07-03.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Wright, Mary Ellen (2020-05-30). "From McCaskey to F&M; to Hollywood: The saga of Oscar-winning director Franklin Schaffner". *LNP*. Archived from the original on 2020-06-18. Retrieved 2020-07-03.
5. ↑ Oscar-Winning Film Director Franklin J. Schaffner Dies: [FINAL Edition]
The Washington Post 4 July 1989: b06.
6. ↑ Franklin J. Schaffner Dies at 69; An Oscar-Winning Film Director: [Obituary]
Morgan, Thomas. New York Times3 July 1989: 1.11.
7. ↑ A MODERN TOWN-CRIER: FORD THEATRE'S FIRST SHOW
New York Times 3 Sep 1950: 49.
8. ↑ SHOW ILLUSTRATES DRAMA IN THE NEWS: 'Hear It Now,' Tape-Recorded by Murrow and Friendly, Makes Debut on C.B.S. Radio "Alice in Wonderland" on TV
New York Times 16 Dec 1950: 15.
9. ↑ TREASURE ISLAND': Video Version of Stevenson's Classic Is Presented by 'Studio One'
By JACK GOULD. New York Times 11 May 1952: X11.
10. ↑ Television in Review: Reginald Rose Play on 'Studio One' Protests Credo of Conformity
By JACK GOULD. New York Times 19 Mar 1954: 30.
11. ↑ The Caine Mutiny Court Martial': Cameras Add Power to Play by Wouk Nolan Repeats Study of Captain Queeg, By JACK GOULD. New York Times ]21 Nov 1955: 55.
12. ↑ MINER WILL LEAVE TV DRAMA SERIES: Producer Resigns 'Kaiser Hour' Post--Ferrer to Be 'Festival of Music' Host
By VAL ADAMS. New York Times 26 Nov 1956: 55.
13. ↑ FOUR WILL CO-STAR ON 'PLAYHOUSE 90': Randall, Misses Neal, Foch and Dunnock in 'Playroom' --Plans for Nanette Fabray, Special to The New York Times. 21 Sep 1957: 39
14. ↑ THE TV SCENE---: Another Writer Turns to Series, Smith, Cecil. Los Angeles Times 24 Feb 1960: A10.
15. ↑ Theatre: Political Issues: 'Advise and Consent' Opens at the Cort
By HOWARD TAUBMAN. New York Times ]18 Nov 1960: 25.
16. ↑ A Tour of the White House (TV Movie 1962).
17. ↑ A Tour of the White House - IMDb.
18. ↑ MITCHUM GETS ROLE IN 'GRASS IS GREENER', New York Times 14 Jan 1960: 31.
19. ↑ TV Ace With 20th; Vallee Goes Legit: Movies for Children Listed; Debbie May Play Ruth Roland
Scheuer, Philip K. Los Angeles Times 12 May 1961: A11.
20. ↑ TV: 'The Good Years': Lucille Ball, Henry Fonda and Mort Sahl Star in Presentation on Channel 2
By JACK GOULD. New York Times 13 Jan 1962: 47.
21. ↑ THE GREAT ROBBERY
Page, Don. Los Angeles Times 29 Apr 1962: B2.
22. ↑ THE TV SCENE: 'Show of Week' Modem 'Dybbuk'
Smith, Cecil. Los Angeles Times 17 May 1963: C12.
23. ↑ Schaffner: TV to Big Screen
Thomas, Kevin. Los Angeles Times 17 Mar 1966: d17.
24. ↑ Schaffner Whistles for Sean Connery: Readers on Flint vs. Bond; Movie Music Goes on Block
Scheuer, Philip K. Los Angeles Times 11 Feb 1965: D11.
25. ↑ Balancing Act Pays Off for 'Patton' Director: Incomplete Source
Thomas, Kevin. Los Angeles Times 7 May 1970: h1.
26. ↑ MOVIE CALL SHEET: Pat Suzuki Signs for Role
Martin, Betty. Los Angeles Times 20 Dec 1968: f22.
27. ↑ Schaffner Has His Fingers Crossed: Schaffner's Fingers Crossed
HOFFERKAMP, JACK. Los Angeles Times 4 Jan 1974: d16.
28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 McQueen -- The Man Who Got Away
By A.H. WEILER. New York Times 26 Dec 1971: D15.
29. ↑ MOVIE CALL SHEET: The Reteaming of Scott and Schaffner
Murphy, Mary. Los Angeles Times 20 Mar 1975: i16.
30. ↑ FILM MAKING IN PHARAOH LAND: TUT, TUT: FILM MAKING IN PHARAOH LAND
Hall, William. Los Angeles Times (11 May 1980: u6.
31. ↑ Jerry Goldsmith awards & nominations IMDb.com Retrieved 2011-05-31.
32. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Pulver, Andrew (24 June 2005). "Monkey business". *The Guardian*.
33. ↑ Salvato, Larry (2 December 2014). 16 Overlooked Movies From The 1970s That Are Worth Watching.
34. ↑ Vermilye, Jerry (1992). *The Complete Films of Laurence Olivier*. Citadel Press. ISBN 9780806513027. https://books.google.com/books?id=IDFyB8SwsTMC&q=franklin+j+schaffner+laurence+olivier&pg=PA202.
35. ↑ Franklin Schaffner (1920-1989) - Find A Grave....
36. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Morgan, Thomas (3 July 1989). "Franklin J. Schaffner Dies at 69; An Oscar-Winning Film Director". *The New York Times*.
37. ↑ John Bradey, "The craft of the screenwriter", 1981. Page 168
38. ↑ Franklin J. Schaffner Award | AFI CONSERVATORY (en).
39. ↑ Duncan Henderson and Arthur Lewis to be Honored For Guild Service and Career Achievement at the 72nd Annual DGA Awards - (en).
40. ↑ Franklin J. Schaffner (19 December 2014).

## External links

* Franklin J. Schaffner at IMDb
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