Ishirō Honda

**Ishirō Honda** (本多猪四郎, *Honda Ishirō*, May 7, 1911 – February 28, 1993), sometimes miscredited in foreign releases as "Inoshiro Honda", was a Japanese film director and screenwriter. He is best known for his kaiju and tokusatsu films, including co-creating the Godzilla franchise and directing several entries, but also worked extensively in the documentary and war genres earlier in his career. Honda was also a lifelong friend and collaborator of Akira Kurosawa, and worked with Kurosawa extensively during the 1980s and 1990s.

## Career

Sometimes miscredited as “Inoshiro Honda.” Honda was a member of the first graduating class of Nihon University College of Art Film Department in 1931, and joined PCL in 1933. He studied under director Kajiro Yamamoto along with Akira Kurosawa and Senkichi Taniguchi. Kurosawa and Honda would remain friends until Honda’s death in 1993.

He served with the Japanese army in Manchuria during WWII. On his return trip his train passed through the destroyed Hiroshima, an experience that would have a profound influence on the rest of his career.

In 1953, Honda directed Eagle of the Pacific, which marked his first collaboration with special effects supervisor Eiji Tsuburaya. They would reunite the next year for the first Godzilla film. Honda used the subject matter of Godzilla to translate his shock and sadness of the Hiroshima bombing into film, and turn the titular creature into a metaphor for the nuclear threat. The success of Godzilla began a long career of similar sci-fi fare for Honda, although the marketing concerns for these films continually downplayed the dark, nuclear overtones of the original film.

Honda firmly believed in the power of international cooperation to solve mankind’s problems, as evidenced in the frequent appearance of United Nations-type organizations in his films, especially when dealing with cosmic threats as in The Mysterians (1957), Battle in Outer Space (1959), or Gorath (1962). Honda’s protagonists were often scientists or reporters, while his antagonists were often greedy, corrupt businessmen (whenever there weren’t any aliens in the picture).

Honda was a very thorough, hands-on director, and would often act out each scene as each character for his actors in advance. When working on Latitude Zero (1969), the American co-producers pressured Honda to complete filming more quickly by using multi-camera setups, a la American television. Honda refused, insisting that using one camera at a time enhanced the quality of the picture.

Honda worked frequently with screenwriters Shinichi Sekizawa and Takeshi Kimura (aka Kaoru Mabuchi), and co-wrote with Kimura the screenplays for War of the Gargantuas (1966) and Destroy All Monsters (1968). He also worked frequently with composer Akira Ifukube. The combination of Honda, Ifukube, Tsuburaya, and Sekizawa was responsible for a majority of Toho’s sci-fi output during the 60s.

In 1971, Honda left Toho and directed several TV shows produced by the late-Tsuburaya’s production company, including Ultraman and Mirrorman. In 1975, he was invited back to the Godzilla series to helm Terror of Mechagodzilla. Terror was an effort on the part of producer Tomoyuki Tanaka to return Godzilla to his more threatening roots, but it would end up being the last film in the original series. Nearly a decade later, Honda was again approached to helm The Return of Godzilla (1984), but he declined. Terror of Mechagodzilla was his last film as director, though he would continue serving as assistant or second unit director for Kurosawa on films like Kagemusha (1980) and Ran (1985).

Guillermo del Toro’s giant monster film Pacific Rim (2013) is dedicated to both Ishiro Honda and his American contemporary Ray Harryhausen. In Gareth Edwards’ 2014 Godzilla reboot, Ken Watanabe’s character is named Dr. Ishiro Serizawa, a tribute to both Honda and the scientist Serizawa from the original film (played by Akihiko Hirata).