recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Corsican language

**Corsican** is a Romance language consisting of the continuum of the Italo-Dalmatian dialects spoken on the Mediterranean island of Corsica (France) and on the northern end of the island of Sardinia (Italy). Corsican is related to the varieties of Tuscan from the Italian peninsula, and therefore also to the Florentine-based standard Italian.

Under the long-standing influence of Tuscany's Pisa and Republic of Genoa over Corsica, Corsican used to play the role of a vernacular in combination with Italian functioning as the island's official language. France acquired Corsica from the Republic of Genoa in 1768, and in 1859 French replaced Italian as Corsica's official language. Subesequently the use of French in the place of Italian grew to the extent that, by the Liberation of France in 1945, all the islanders had a working knowledge of French. The 20th century saw a language shift, with the islanders changing their language practices to the extent that there were no monolingual Corsican speakers left by the 1960s. By 1995, an estimated 65 percent of islanders had some degree of proficiency in Corsican, and a minority of around 10 percent used Corsican as a first language.

## Phonology

### Vowels

As in Italian, the grapheme ⟨i⟩ appears in some digraphs and trigraphs in which it does not represent the phonemic vowel. All vowels are pronounced except in a few well-defined instances. ⟨i⟩ is not pronounced between ⟨sc/sg/c/g⟩ and ⟨a/o/u⟩: *sciarpa* [ˈʃarpa]; or initially in some words: *istu* [ˈstu]

Vowels may be nasalized before ⟨n⟩ (which is assimilated to ⟨m⟩ before ⟨p⟩ or ⟨b⟩) and the palatal nasal consonant represented by ⟨gn⟩. The nasal vowels are represented by the vowel plus ⟨n⟩, ⟨m⟩ or ⟨gn⟩. The combination is a digraph or trigraph indicating the nasalized vowel. The consonant is pronounced in weakened form. The same combination of letters might not be the digraph or trigraph but might be just the non-nasal vowel followed by the consonant at full weight. The speaker must know the difference. Example of nasal: ⟨pane⟩ is pronounced [ˈpãnɛ] and not [ˈpanɛ].

The Northern and central dialects in the vicinity of the Taravo river adopt the Italian seven-vowel system, whereas all the Southern ones around the so-called "archaic zone" with its centre being the town of Sartène (including the Gallurese dialect spoken in Northern Sardinia) resort to a five-vowel system without length differentiation, like Sardinian.

The vowel inventory, or collection of phonemic vowels (and the major allophones), transcribed in IPA symbols, is:

## References

1. ↑ La prononciation des voyelles. *A Lingua Corsa* (April 19, 2008).
2. ↑ Notes sur la phonétique utilisée sur ce site. *A Lingua Corsa* (April 19, 2008).
Dagger

A **dagger**, **obelisk**, or **obelus** † is a typographical mark that usually indicates a footnote if an asterisk has already been used. The symbol is also used to indicate death (of people) or extinction (of species or languages). It is one of the modern descendants of the obelus, a mark used historically by scholars as a critical or highlighting indicator in manuscripts. (The term obelisk derives from the Greek: ὀβελίσκος (*obeliskos*), which means "little obelus"; from ὀβελός (*obelos*) meaning 'roasting spit').

A **double dagger** or **diesis** ‡ is a variant with two hilts and crossguards that usually marks a third footnote after the asterisk and dagger. The **triple dagger** ⹋ is a variant with three crossguards and is used by medievalists to indicate another level of notation.
Comic strip

A **comic strip** is a sequence of cartoons, arranged in interrelated panels to display brief humor or form a narrative, often serialized, with text in balloons and captions. Traditionally, throughout the 20th and into the 21st century, these have been published in newspapers and magazines, with daily horizontal strips printed in black-and-white in newspapers, while Sunday papers offered longer sequences in special color comics sections. With the advent of the internet, online comic strips began to appear as webcomics.

Most strips are written and drawn by a comics artist, known as a cartoonist. As the word "comic" implies, strips are frequently humorous. Examples of these gag-a-day strips are *Blondie*, *Bringing Up Father*, *Marmaduke*, and *Pearls Before Swine*. In the late 1920s, comic strips expanded from their mirthful origins to feature adventure stories, as seen in *Popeye*, *Captain Easy*, *Buck Rogers*, *Tarzan*, and *Terry and the Pirates*. In the 1940s, soap-opera-continuity strips such as *Judge Parker* and *Mary Worth* gained popularity. Because "comic" strips are not always funny, cartoonist Will Eisner has suggested that **sequential art** would be a better genre-neutral name.

Every day in American newspapers, for most of the 20th century, there were at least 200 different comic strips and cartoon panels, which makes 73,000 per year. Comic strips have appeared inside American magazines such as *Liberty* and *Boys' Life*, but also on the front covers, such as the *Flossy Frills* series on *The American Weekly* Sunday newspaper supplement. In the UK and the rest of Europe, comic strips are also serialized in *comic book magazines*, with a strip's story sometimes continuing over three pages.
Communication

**Communication** is usually understood to be the transmission of information. Its precise definition is disputed and there are disagreements about whether unintentional or failed transmissions are included and whether communication not only transmits meaning but also creates it. Models of communication are simplified overviews of its main components and their interactions. Many models include the idea that a source uses a coding system to express information in the form of a message. The message is sent through a channel to a receiver who has to decode it to understand it. The main field of inquiry investigating communication is called communication studies.
Curious George (TV series)

***Curious George*** is an American children's animated television series based on the children's book series of the same name for PBS Kids which features Jeff Bennett as the voice of Ted Shackelford (credited as "The Man with the Yellow Hat", formerly called that in the original series books and telefilm books). Frank Welker, who voiced George in the 2006 feature film, reprises the role in the series. The show premiered on PBS Kids on September 4, 2006, and originally ended after nine seasons on April 1, 2015 before returning in 2018.

On September 3, 2018, season 10 premiered on Family Jr. in Canada. Seasons 10-13 debuted on NBCUniversal's streaming service Peacock in the United States when it launched in July 2020. Seasons 1-9 are available to stream for Peacock Premium subscribers since September 20, 2020, which is also available to stream on Hulu. Season 10 premiered on PBS on October 5, 2020.

*Curious George* is a production of Universal 1440 Entertainment (Universal Studios Family Productions before 2013), Imagine Entertainment, and WGBH-TV (WGBH Kids) (before season 13), and animated by Toon City. Each episode has two animated segments per half hour episode, and a short live-action segment after each.

The live-action shorts illustrate and explain various concepts in math and science, and shows a class with kids engaging in experiments, that teach the math or science concept featured in the previous story. This was shown for seasons 1–9. They were phased out starting after season 10.
Coat

A **coat** typically is an outer garment for the upper body as worn by either gender for warmth or fashion. Coats typically have long sleeves and are open down the front and closing by means of buttons, zippers, hook-and-loop fasteners, toggles, a belt, or a combination of some of these. Other possible features include collars, shoulder straps and hoods.
Dash

The **dash** is a punctuation mark consisting of a long horizontal line. It is similar in appearance to the hyphen but is longer and sometimes higher from the baseline. The most common versions are the **en dash** –, generally longer than the hyphen but shorter than the minus sign; the **em dash** —, longer than either the en dash or the minus sign; and the **horizontal bar** ―, whose length varies across typefaces but tends to be between those of the en and em dashes.
Dagur language

The **Dagur**, **Daghur**, **Dahur**, or **Daur language**, is a Mongolic language, as well as a distinct branch of the Mongolic language family, and is primarily spoken by members of the Dagur ethnic group.

There is no written standard in use, although a Pinyin-based orthography has been devised; instead the Dagur make use of Mongolian or Chinese, as most speakers know these languages as well.During the time of the Qing dynasty, Dagur was written with the Manchu alphabet.
Curious Pictures

**Curious Pictures** (stylized as **curious?ictures**) was an American animation studio and multi-media company that was primarily based in New York City that produced television programs, commercials, animation, and video games. The company is known for its flagship work such as the preschool television series *A Little Curious* for HBO, *Little Einsteins* for Playhouse Disney, and *Team Umizoomi* for Nickelodeon. Other well-known works include *Sheep in the Big City* and *Codename: Kids Next Door* for Cartoon Network.
Crocadoo

**Crocadoo** is an Australian animated series produced by Energee Entertainment and the Nine Network from 1996 to 1998. It follows the adventures of a group of blue crocodiles trying to protect their riverbank from a mad developer. *Crocadoo* was Energee Entertainment's first original series, its first season being digitally colored and composited with Apple computers running Adobe, Linker Systems and COSA software. The first season's 3D backgrounds (Hotel, hotel interiors) were created using SGI Power Animator. Halfway through the first series, beginning with "Watch out for the Wonglebacks", some character animation was outsourced to Vietnam. *Crocadoo*'s second season utilized Energee Entertainment's own CECAPS computer paint software.

Currently, the show is part of the Your Family Entertainment catalog and continues to air on their television networks worldwide.
Comb

A **comb** is a tool consisting of a shaft that holds a row of teeth for pulling through the hair to clean, untangle, or style it. Combs have been used since prehistoric times, having been discovered in very refined forms from settlements dating back to 5,000 years ago in Persia.

Weaving combs made of whalebone dating to the middle and late Iron Age have been found on archaeological digs in Orkney and Somerset.
Danger Mouse (2015)

***Danger Mouse*** is an animated television series, produced by FremantleMedia and Boulder Media, though it started being produced by Boat Rocker Media in 2018 after they acquired FremantleMedia Kids & Family. The series, which is a revival of the 1981 television series of the same name, revolves around the return of Danger Mouse, the self-proclaimed "World's Greatest Secret Agent", and his hamster sidekick Penfold, who protect the world from a variety of dangers. With help from his boss Colonel K and the genius scientist Professor Squawkencluck, Danger Mouse is equipped to defeat his nemesis, Baron Silas von Greenback.

Plans for a revival of *Danger Mouse* were first considered in 2013, before being announced the following year, with original series co-creator Brian Cosgrove helping to develop the series. The main cast were announced in 2014, with more cast members being announced later in the year. The series premiered on CBBC on 28 September 2015, more than 20 years after the end of the show's original run.

Within three weeks of the series running, *Danger Mouse* achieved 2.4 million viewers and became the highest rated show on the CBBC channel. On 19 May 2016, the series was commissioned for a second series and on 4 April 2017, for a third series of 26 episodes.

*Danger Mouse* was the winner of the 'Best Sound Design' and 'Best Music' awards at the 2017 and 2019 Irish Animation Awards. Aidan McAteer also picked up the award for 'Best Director' at the 2019 awards.
Dairy Queen

**Dairy Queen** (**DQ**) is an American chain of soft serve ice cream and fast food restaurants headquartered in Bloomington, Minnesota, United States. It was owned and operated by Sherb Noble and opened on June 22, 1940. It serves a variety of its original frozen products that vary from location to location.
DC Super Hero Girls: Hero of the Year

***DC Super Hero Girls: Hero of the Year*** is an American animated superhero film based on the *DC Super Hero Girls* franchise, produced by Warner Bros. Animation. The film premiered at the San Diego Comic-Con International on 24 July 2016, and was released on Digital HD on 9 August and on DVD on 23 August. It is the first film in the *DC Super Hero Girls* franchise.
DNA Productions

**DNA Productions, Inc.** was an American animation studio and production company based in Irving, Texas. It was founded in 1987, by John A. Davis and Keith Alcorn. The studio originally worked on miscellaneous projects for other companies, including commercials and corporate videos, before branching out to television and film animation.
Columbus, Ohio

**Columbus** (/kəˈlʌmbəs/ *kə-LUM-bəs*) is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Ohio. With a 2020 census population of 905,748, it is the 14th-most populous city in the U.S., the second-most populous city in the Midwest after Chicago, and the third-most populous U.S. state capital after Phoenix, Arizona and Austin, Texas. Columbus is the county seat of Franklin County; it also extends into Delaware and Fairfield counties. It is the core city of the Columbus metropolitan area, which encompasses ten counties in central Ohio. It had a population of 2,138,926 in 2020, making it the largest metropolitan area entirely in Ohio and 32nd-largest metro area in the U.S.

Columbus originated as numerous Native American settlements on the banks of the Scioto River. Franklinton, now a city neighborhood, was the first European settlement, laid out in 1797. The city was founded in 1812 at the confluence of the Scioto and Olentangy rivers, and laid out to become the state capital. The city was named for Italian explorer Christopher Columbus. The city assumed the function of state capital in 1816 and county seat in 1824. Amid steady years of growth and industrialization, the city has experienced numerous floods and recessions. Beginning in the 1950s, Columbus began to experience significant growth; it became the largest city in Ohio in land and population by the early 1990s. Growth has continued in the 21st century, with redevelopment occurring in numerous city neighborhoods, including Downtown.

The city has a diverse economy based on education, government, insurance, banking, defense, aviation, food, clothes, logistics, steel, energy, medical research, health care, hospitality, retail and technology. The metropolitan area is home to the Battelle Memorial Institute, the world's largest private research and development foundation; Chemical Abstracts Service, the world's largest clearinghouse of chemical information; and the Ohio State University, one of the largest universities in the United States. The Greater Columbus area is further home to the headquarters of six Fortune 500 companies, namely Cardinal Health, American Electric Power, L Brands, Nationwide, Bread Financial and Huntington Bancshares.
Cherry

A **cherry** is the fruit of many plants of the genus *Prunus*, and is a fleshy drupe (stone fruit).

Commercial cherries are obtained from cultivars of several species, such as the sweet *Prunus avium* and the sour *Prunus cerasus*. The name 'cherry' also refers to the cherry tree and its wood, and is sometimes applied to almonds and visually similar flowering trees in the genus *Prunus*, as in "ornamental cherry" or "cherry blossom". **Wild cherry** may refer to any of the cherry species growing outside cultivation, although *Prunus avium* is often referred to specifically by the name "wild cherry" in the British Isles.
Charlie and Lola

***Charlie and Lola*** is a British animated children's television series based on the popular children's picture book series of the same name by Lauren Child. The show started on 7 November 2005. The series was produced by Tiger Aspect Productions, and has won multiple BAFTA awards. The animation uses a collage style that emulates the style of the original books. Charlie and Lola is also available on BBC iPlayer.
Dakota language

**Dakota** (*Dakhód'iapi, Dakȟótiyapi*), also referred to as **Dakhóta**, is a Siouan language spoken by the Dakota people of the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ, commonly known in English as the Sioux. Dakota is closely related to and mutually intelligible with the Lakota language, with much wider variation from Nakoda dialects. It is critically endangered, with only around 290 fluent speakers left out of an ethnic population of almost 250,000.

## Phonology

### Vowels

Dakota has five oral vowels, /ɑ e i o u/, and three nasal vowels, /ã ĩ ũ/.
Corporal

The **corporal** is equal to \(\{10,100,1,2\} = 10\{\{1\}\}100\) (10 expanded to 100) in BEAF. It surpasses Graham's number (roughly equal to \(\{3,65,1,2\}\)), and is currently the smallest Bowersism that does so. The term was coined by Jonathan Bowers.

Bowers jokingly says about this number, "lets [*sic*] just put it this way, you DON'T want the Corporal coming up to you asking for a corporal push ups" on his "Size 4 Arrays" page.

It is equal to \(10[1,1]100\) in Username5243's Array Notation, and Username5243 calls this number a **Kil-Googol** (formerly **Meg-Googol**).

## Computation

Corporal can be computed in the following process:

* \(a\_1 = 10\)
* \(a\_2 = 10 \uparrow\uparrow\uparrow\uparrow\uparrow\uparrow\uparrow\uparrow\uparrow\uparrow 10 \) (this is tridecal).
* \(a\_3 = 10 \uparrow\uparrow\uparrow\uparrow\cdots\uparrow\uparrow\uparrow\uparrow 10 \) with \(a\_2\) \(\uparrow\)'s (this is tridecalplex).
* \(a\_4 = 10 \uparrow\uparrow\uparrow\uparrow\cdots\uparrow\uparrow\uparrow\uparrow 10 \) with \(a\_3\) \(\uparrow\)'s.
* etc.
* Corporal is equal to \(a\_{100}\).

## Approximations

 Notation Array Notation
 Hyperfactorial array notation
 X-Sequence Hyper-Exponential Notation
 Strong array notation
 Fast-growing hierarchy (using CNF's fundamental sequences)
 Slow-growing hierarchy | \(g\_{\Gamma\_0}(99)\)

It can also be written out in arrow notation as: \(100 \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} 10\underbrace{\uparrow \uparrow \cdots \uparrow \uparrow}\_{10\underbrace{\uparrow \uparrow \cdots \uparrow \uparrow}\_{\underbrace{\cdots}\_{10\underbrace{\uparrow \uparrow \cdots \uparrow \uparrow}\_{10\underbrace{\uparrow \uparrow \cdots \uparrow \uparrow}\_{10}10}10}}10}10 \end{array} \right.\)

## Gallery

Visual representation of a corporal in up-arrow notationAlternative visual representation of a corporal in BEAF
## References

1. ↑ Bowers, Jonathan. Infinity Scrapers. Retrieved on January 1, 2013.
2. ↑ Size 4 Arrays
3. ↑ Username5243. shortened list - My Large Numbers. Retrieved on March 1, 2017.
Crunchyroll

**Crunchyroll** is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service owned by Sony Group Corporation. The service primarily distributes films and television series produced by East Asian media, including Japanese anime, and is headquartered in San Francisco, California, with the Japanese branch located in Shibuya, Tokyo.

Founded in 2006 by a group of University of California, Berkeley, graduates, Crunchyroll delivers content to over 100 million registered users worldwide. Crunchyroll was a subsidiary of AT&T's Otter Media. From 2016 to 2018, the company partnered with Funimation, which would eventually merge into its brand in 2022 after Sony acquired Crunchyroll in 2021.

Crunchyroll is a member of The Association of Japanese Animations (AJA). "Crunchyroll-Hime", also known as "Hime", is the official mascot of Crunchyroll.

Crunchyroll offers over 1,000 anime shows, more than 200 East Asian dramas in over 10 languages, and around 80 manga titles as Crunchyroll Manga, although not all programming is available worldwide due to licensing restrictions. Crunchyroll passed one million paid subscribers in February 2017, and has over 10 million paid subscribers as of 2022. Crunchyroll also releases titles on home video either directly or by having select anime titles released through its distribution partners (Sentai Filmworks, Viz Media, Discotek Media, and Aniplex of America in North America; Anime Limited in the United Kingdom).
Chibi Maruko-chan

***Chibi Maruko-chan*** (Japanese: ちびまる子ちゃん, "Little Maruko-chan") is a manga series written and illustrated by Momoko Sakura. The series depicts the simple, everyday life of Momoko Sakura, a young girl everyone calls *Maruko*, and her family in suburban Japan in the year 1974. Maruko is a troublemaker, and every episode recounts Maruko's trouble and how she and her friends succeed in solving the situation. The series is set in the former of Irie District (入江町), Shimizu, now part of Shizuoka City, birthplace of its author.
Coptic calendar

The **Coptic calendar**, also called the **Alexandrian calendar**, is a liturgical calendar used by the Coptic Orthodox Church and also used by the farming populace in Egypt. It was used for fiscal purposes in Egypt until the adoption of the Gregorian calendar on 11 September (6 Nesi) 1875. This calendar is based on the ancient Egyptian calendar. To avoid the calendar creep of the latter (which contained only 365 days each year, year after year, so that the seasons shifted about one day every four years), a reform of the ancient Egyptian calendar was introduced at the time of Ptolemy III (Decree of Canopus, in 238 BC) which consisted of adding an extra day every fourth year. However, this reform was opposed by the Egyptian priests, and the reform was not adopted until 25 BC, when the Roman Emperor Augustus imposed the Decree upon Egypt as its official calendar (although initially, namely between 25 BC and AD 5, it was unsynchronized with the newly introduced Julian calendar which had erroneously been intercalating leap days every third year due to a misinterpretation of the leap year rule so as to apply inclusive counting). To distinguish it from the Ancient Egyptian calendar, which remained in use by some astronomers until medieval times, this reformed calendar is known as the Coptic or Alexandrian calendar. Its years and months coincide with those of the Ethiopian calendar but have different numbers and names.

Unlike the Gregorian calendar, the Coptic calendar does not skip leap years three times every 400 years, and therefore it stays synchronized with the Julian calendar over a four-year leap year cycle.
Crayola

**Crayola LLC**, formerly the **Binney & Smith Company**, is an American manufacturing company specializing in art supplies. It is known for its brand *Crayola* and best known for its crayons. The company is headquartered in Forks Township, Pennsylvania in the Lehigh Valley region of the state. Since 1984, Crayola has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Hallmark Cards.

Originally an industrial pigment supply company, Crayola soon shifted its focus to art products for home and school use, beginning with chalk, then crayons, followed later by colored pencils, markers, paints, modeling clay, and other related goods. All Crayola-branded products are marketed as nontoxic and safe for use by children. Most Crayola crayons are manufactured in the United States.

Crayola also produces Silly Putty and a line of professional art products under the 'Portfolio Series brand', including acrylics, watercolor, tempera, and brushes.

Crayola LLC claims the Crayola brand has 99% name recognition in U.S. consumer households, and says its products are marketed and sold in over 80 countries.
Counting

**Counting** is the process of determining the number of elements of a finite set of objects; that is, determining the size of a set. The traditional way of counting consists of continually increasing a (mental or spoken) counter by a unit for every element of the set, in some order, while marking (or displacing) those elements to avoid visiting the same element more than once, until no unmarked elements are left; if the counter was set to one after the first object, the value after visiting the final object gives the desired number of elements. The related term enumeration refers to uniquely identifying the elements of a finite (combinatorial) set or infinite set by assigning a number to each element.
Cochin

**Cochin** is a serif typeface. It was originally produced in 1912 by Georges Peignot for the Paris foundry G. Peignot et Fils (future Deberny & Peignot) and was based on the copperplate engravings of 18th century French artist Charles-Nicolas Cochin, from which the typeface also takes its name. The font has a small x-height with long ascenders. Georges Peignot also created the design 'Nicolas-Cochin' as a looser variation in the same style.
Cupcake & Dino: General Services

***Cupcake and Dino: General Services*** (or ***Cupcake e Dino: Serviços Gerais*** in Portuguese) is an animated streaming television series created by Pedro Eboli for Teletoon in Canada, Disney XD in Latin America & Brazil, and Netflix in the US.

The series follows the life of Cupcake and Dino, two brothers who strive to make a name for themselves in the General Services (odd jobs) business. It was released to Netflix on July 27, 2018.

The second season was released on May 3, 2019.
Cora language

**Cora** is an indigenous language of Mexico of the Uto-Aztecan language family, spoken by approximately 30,000 people. It is spoken by the ethnic group that is widely known as the Cora, but who refer to themselves as *Naáyarite*. The Cora inhabit the northern sierra of the Mexican state Nayarit which is named after its indigenous inhabitants. A significant portion of Cora speakers have formed an expatriate community along the southwestern part of Colorado in the United States. Cora is a Mesoamerican language and shows many of the traits defining the Mesoamerican Linguistic Area. Under the General Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Peoples, it is recognized as a "national language", along with 62 other indigenous languages and Spanish which have the same "validity" in Mexico.

## Phonology

The phonology of Cora is typical of southern Uto-Aztecan languages, with five vowels and a relatively simple consonant inventory. However atypically of Uto-Aztecan languages, Cora has developed a simple tonal system or pitch accent with an harmonic accent taking high falling tone. The phonemic inventory given below is the analysis of Cora from Jesús María by Margarita Valdovinos:

### Vowels

There are five contrastive vowels in Cora phonology. They are: [i ɛ a ɨ u]. However, [ɔ] which is produced in the midback area of the mouth is limited to diphthongs when it is followed by the [u] sound. Accents on vowels are to mark stress location. An example of this is (v́).

### Monosyllables

There is a clear partition in both monophthongal and diphthongal combinations. Where words are divorced by rising and falling pitch. However, rising pitch is oftentimes modal and falling pitch shows variation.

Rime shapes in monosyllabic words. (V=monophthong and VV=diphthong)
 V(h)
 VV (h)
 VV (h)

The level and rising monosyllables used for the table above are presented in the table below.

Below are the falling monosyllables. Chart relates to the two charts above.

### Disyllables

Disyllables add to the existing dimensions of stress. Initial and final stress are common in Cora phonology. These stresses, at times, serve as conversation cues. Cues include but are not limited to high-pitched stressed syllable followed by the devoicing of the final syllable which is left unstressed. Duration of the word and syllable also have a role in location of stress as it relates to disyllables.

## References

1. ↑ Kim, Y., & Valdovinos, M. (2014). The interaction of laryngealized vowels, stress, and falling pitch in Mariteco Cora. In Proceedings of the Workshop on the Sound Systems of Mexico and Central America New Haven.
Copyright symbol

The **copyright symbol**, or **copyright sign**, **©** (a circled capital letter C for copyright), is the symbol used in copyright notices for works other than sound recordings. The use of the symbol is described by the Universal Copyright Convention. The symbol is widely recognized but, under the Berne Convention, is no longer required in most nations to assert a new copyright.
Dailymotion

**Dailymotion** is a French video-sharing technology platform owned by Vivendi. North American launch partners included Vice Media, Bloomberg and Hearst Digital Media. It is among the earliest known platforms to support HD (720p) resolution video. Dailymotion is available worldwide in 183 languages and 43 localised versions featuring local home pages and local content.
Cookie

A **cookie** (American English), or a **biscuit** (British English), is a baked or cooked snack or dessert that is typically small, flat and sweet. It usually contains flour, sugar, egg, and some type of oil, fat, or butter. It may include other ingredients such as raisins, oats, chocolate chips, nuts, etc.

Most English-speaking countries call crunchy cookies "biscuits", except for the United States and Canada, where "biscuit" refers to a type of quick bread. Chewier biscuits are sometimes called "cookies" even in the United Kingdom. Some cookies may also be named by their shape, such as date squares or bars.

Biscuit or cookie variants include sandwich biscuits, such as custard creams, Jammie Dodgers, Bourbons and Oreos, with marshmallow or jam filling and sometimes dipped in chocolate or another sweet coating. Cookies are often served with beverages such as milk, coffee or tea and sometimes dunked, an approach which releases more flavour from confections by dissolving the sugars, while also softening their texture. Factory-made cookies are sold in grocery stores, convenience stores and vending machines. Fresh-baked cookies are sold at bakeries and coffeehouses.
Connected speech

In linguistics, **connected speech** or **connected discourse** is a continuous sequence of sounds forming utterances or conversations in spoken language. Analysis of connected speech shows sound changes affecting linguistic units traditionally described as phrases, words, lexemes, morphemes, syllables, phonemes or phones. The words that are modified by those rules will sound differently in connected speech than in citation form (canonical form or isolation form).
D (musical note)

**D** is a musical note a whole tone above C, and is known as **Re** within the fixed-Do solfege system. Its enharmonic equivalents are C (C-double sharp) and E (E-double flat). It is the third semitone of the solfège.

When calculated in equal temperament with a reference of A above middle C as 440 Hz, the frequency of **middle D** (D4) is approximately 293.665 Hz. See pitch for a discussion of historical variations in frequency.
Curious George (film)

***Curious George*** is a 2006 animated adventure film based on the book series written by H. A. Rey and Margret Rey. It was directed by Matthew O'Callaghan (in his theatrical feature directorial debut), written by Ken Kaufman and produced by Ron Howard, David Kirschner, and Jon Shapiro. Featuring the voices of Will Ferrell, Drew Barrymore, David Cross, Eugene Levy, Joan Plowright, and Dick Van Dyke, it tells the story of how the Man with the Yellow Hat, a tour guide at a museum, first befriended a curious monkey named George and started going on adventures with him around the city while attempting to save the museum from closure.

It is the first theatrically-released animated film from Universal Pictures since 1995's *Balto*, the first theatrical animated film from Universal Animation Studios (making this Universal's first in-house theatrical animated film), and the first animated film from Imagine Entertainment.[*citation needed*] The film had languished in development hell at Imagine Entertainment since at least 1992, but it is possible that it was conceived years before. The film employs a notable blend of traditional animation and CGI scenery and objects that make up 20% of its environment. The soundtrack was composed by Heitor Pereira and features several songs by musician Jack Johnson.

*Curious George* was released in the United States by Universal Pictures on February 10, 2006. It was met with generally positive reviews and grossed $70 million worldwide against a budget of $50 million. Despite its mild success in the box office, *Curious George* made $48 million in DVD sales in the home market. It received 5 sequels, although all but one of them were released as direct-to-video films. A second theatrical *Curious George* film is in development, with Andrew Adamson set to direct.
Crossover

A **crossover** is the placement of two or more otherwise discrete fictional characters, settings, or universes into the context of a single story. They can arise from legal agreements between the relevant copyright holders (known as **intercompany crossovers**), common corporate ownership or unofficial efforts by fans.

This is different from a spoof, where one discrete character, setting, or universe, copies another character, setting, or universe, often in a comedic manner.
Creole language

A **creole language**, or simply **creole**, is a stable natural language that develops from the process of different languages simplifying and mixing into a new form (often, a pidgin), and then that form expanding and elaborating into a full-fledged language with native speakers, all within a fairly brief period of time. While the concept is similar to that of a mixed or hybrid language, creoles are often characterized by a tendency to systematize their inherited grammar (e.g., by eliminating irregularities or regularizing the conjugation of otherwise irregular verbs). Like any language, creoles are characterized by a consistent system of grammar, possess large stable vocabularies, and are acquired by children as their native language. These three features distinguish a creole language from a pidgin. Creolistics, or creology, is the study of creole languages and, as such, is a subfield of linguistics. Someone who engages in this study is called a creolist.

The precise number of creole languages is not known, particularly as many are poorly attested or documented. About one hundred creole languages have arisen since 1500. These are predominantly based on European languages such as English and French due to the European Age of Discovery and the Atlantic slave trade that arose at that time. With the improvements in ship-building and navigation, traders had to learn to communicate with people around the world, and the quickest way to do this was to develop a pidgin, or simplified language suited to the purpose; in turn, full creole languages developed from these pidgins. In addition to creoles that have European languages as their base, there are, for example, creoles based on Arabic, Chinese, and Malay. The Middle English creole hypothesis posits that English is descended from a creole, of some combination of Old English, Norman French, Old Norse, and Common Brittonic.

The lexicon of a creole language is largely supplied by the parent languages, particularly that of the most dominant group in the social context of the creole's construction. However, there are often clear phonetic and semantic shifts. On the other hand, the grammar that has evolved often has new or unique features that differ substantially from those of the parent languages.
C̈

**C̈**, **c̈** in lower case, also called C with diaeresis, is a letter in the Chechen language. It represents the voiceless postalveolar affricate /t͡ʃ/, like the English pronunciation of ch in the word chocolate.

The original letter representing the voiceless postalveolar affricate consonant in Chechen was ç, but was changed to c̈ just as ş was changed to s̈.

It is also used in the digraph c̈h in the Yanesha' language; c̈h represents /t͡ʂ/, and ch (without the diaeresis) represents /t͡ʃ/.
Close-mid back unrounded vowel

i
y

ɨ
ʉ

ɯ
u

ɪ
ʏ

ʊ

e
ø

ɘ
ɵ

**ɤ**
o

e̞
ø̞

ə

ɤ̞
o̞

ɛ
œ

ɜ
ɞ

ʌ
ɔ

æ

ɐ

a
ɶ

ä

ɑ
ɒ

Paired vowels are: unrounded • rounded

The **close-mid back unrounded vowel**, or **high-mid back unrounded vowel**, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. Its symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨ɤ⟩, called "ram's horns." This symbol is distinct from the symbol for the voiced velar fricative, ⟨ɣ⟩, which has a descender, but some texts use this symbol for the voiced velar fricative.

Before the 1989 IPA Convention, the symbol for the close-mid back unrounded vowel was ⟨⟩, sometimes called "baby gamma", which has a flat top; this symbol was in turn derived from and replaced the inverted small capital A, ⟨Ɐ⟩, that represented the sound before the 1928 revision to the IPA. The symbol was ultimately revised to be ⟨⟩, "ram's horns", with a rounded top, in order to better differentiate it from the Latin gamma ⟨ɣ⟩.

Unicode provides U+0264 ɤ LATIN SMALL LETTER RAMS HORN, but in some fonts this character may appear as a "baby gamma" instead. The superscript IPA version is U+10791 𐞑 MODIFIER LETTER SMALL RAMS HORN.
Cricket

**Crickets** are orthopteran insects which are related to bush crickets, and, more distantly, to grasshoppers. In older literature, such as Imms, "crickets" were placed at the family level (*i.e.* Gryllidae), but contemporary authorities including Otte now place them in the superfamily **Grylloidea**. The word has been used in combination to describe more distantly related taxa in the suborder Ensifera, such as king crickets and mole crickets.

Crickets have mainly cylindrically shaped bodies, round heads, and long antennae. Behind the head is a smooth, robust pronotum. The abdomen ends in a pair of long cerci; females have a long, cylindrical ovipositor. Diagnostic features include legs with 3-segmented tarsi; as with many Orthoptera, the hind legs have enlarged femora, providing power for jumping. The front wings are adapted as tough, leathery elytra, and some crickets chirp by rubbing parts of these together. The hind wings are membranous and folded when not in use for flight; many species, however, are flightless. The largest members of the family are the bull crickets, *Brachytrupes*, which are up to 5 cm (2 in) long.

Crickets are distributed all around the world except at latitudes 55° or higher, with the greatest diversity being in the tropics. They occur in varied habitats from grassland, bushes, and forests to marshes, beaches, and caves. Crickets are mainly nocturnal, and are best known for the loud, persistent, chirping song of males trying to attract females, although some species are mute. The singing species have good hearing, via the tympana on the tibiae of the front legs.

Crickets often appear as characters in literature. The Talking Cricket features in Carlo Collodi's 1883 children's book, *The Adventures of Pinocchio*, and in films based on the book. The insect is central to Charles Dickens's 1845 *The Cricket on the Hearth* and George Selden's 1960 *The Cricket in Times Square*. Crickets are celebrated in poems by William Wordsworth, John Keats, and Du Fu. They are kept as pets in countries from China to Europe, sometimes for cricket fighting. Crickets are efficient at converting their food into body mass, making them a candidate for food production. They are used as human food in Southeast Asia, where they are sold deep-fried in markets as snacks. They are also used to feed carnivorous pets and zoo animals. In Brazilian folklore, crickets feature as omens of various events.
Cretaceous

The **Cretaceous** is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of the entire Phanerozoic. The name is derived from the Latin creta, "chalk", which is abundant in the latter half of the period. It is usually abbreviated K, for its German translation Kreide.
Template:Geological history of Earth
Boogolplex

**Boogolplex** is equal to {10,10,boogol} or {10,10,{10,10,100}} in BEAF. It is equal to \(10 \uparrow\uparrow ... \uparrow\uparrow10\) in arrow notation, where there are boogol ↑'s. The term was coined by Jonathan Bowers.

Aarex Tiaokhiao calls this number **golsolplex** or **golsol-golsoler** and is equal to s(10,s(10,100,1,2),1,2) = s(10,s(10,10,100),1,2) = s(10,10,s(10,10,100)) in strong array notation.

## Etymology

The name of this number is based on the suffix "-plex" and the number "boogol".

## Approximations in other notations

 Graham Array Notation
 Hyperfactorial array notation
 Slow-growing hierarchy | \(g\_{\varphi(\varphi(99,0),0)}(100)\)

## References

1. ↑ Bowers, Jonathan. Infinity Scrapers. Retrieved on January 1, 2013.
2. ↑ Part 1 (LAN) - Aarex's Googology (archived) (retrieved 2017-02-25)
Corbel

**Corbel** is a humanist sans-serif typeface designed by Jeremy Tankard for Microsoft and released to consumers in 2007. It is part of the ClearType Font Collection, a suite of fonts from various designers released with Windows Vista. All start with the letter *C* to reflect that they were designed to work well with Microsoft's ClearType text rendering system, a text rendering engine designed to make text clearer to read on LCD monitors. The other fonts in the same group are Calibri, Cambria, Candara, Consolas and Constantia.
Close front unrounded vowel

**i**
y

ɨ
ʉ

ɯ
u

ɪ
ʏ

ʊ

e
ø

ɘ
ɵ

ɤ
o

e̞
ø̞

ə

ɤ̞
o̞

ɛ
œ

ɜ
ɞ

ʌ
ɔ

æ

ɐ

a
ɶ

ä

ɑ
ɒ

Paired vowels are: unrounded • rounded

The **close front unrounded vowel**, or **high front unrounded vowel**, is a type of vowel sound that occurs in most spoken languages, represented in the International Phonetic Alphabet by the symbol **i**. It is similar to the vowel sound in the English word *meet*—and often called **long-e** in American English. Although in English this sound has additional length (usually being represented as /iː/) and is not normally pronounced as a pure vowel (it is a slight diphthong), some dialects have been reported to pronounce the phoneme as a pure sound. A pure [i] sound is also heard in many other languages, such as French, in words like *chic*.

The close front unrounded vowel is the vocalic equivalent of the palatal approximant [j]. They alternate with each other in certain languages, such as French, and in the diphthongs of some languages, [i̯] with the non-syllabic diacritic and [j] are used in different transcription systems to represent the same sound.

Languages that use the Latin script commonly use the letter ⟨i⟩ to represent this sound, though there are some exceptions: in English orthography that letter is usually associated with /aɪ/ (as in *bite*) or /ɪ/ (as in *bit*), and /iː/ is more commonly represented by ⟨e⟩, ⟨ea⟩, ⟨ee⟩, ⟨ie⟩ or ⟨ei⟩, as in the words *sc**e**ne*, *b**ea**n*, *m**ee**t*, *n**ie**ce*, *conc**ei**ve*; (see Great Vowel Shift). Irish orthography reflects both etymology and whether preceding consonants are broad or slender, so such combinations as ⟨aí⟩, ⟨ei⟩, and ⟨aío⟩ all represent /iː/.
Crush

**Crush** is a brand of carbonated soft drinks owned and marketed internationally by Keurig Dr Pepper, originally created as an orange soda, **Orange Crush**. Crush competes with Coca-Cola's Fanta. It was created in 1911 by beverage and extract chemist Neil C. Ward. Most flavors of Crush are caffeine-free.
Curlz

**Curlz MT** is an OTF display typeface designed by Carl Crossgrove and Steve Matteson in 1995 for Agfa Monotype. It's distinct from other popular typefaces, characterized by its wavy strokes and swirls at the beginning or end of letters. Similar to Comic Sans and Papyrus, the font has garnered criticism from graphic designers for being used excessively in inappropriate ways. Curlz was designed as a casual, decorative typeface.
Cuneiform

**Cuneiform** is a logo-syllabic script that was used to write several languages of the Ancient Near East. The script was in active use from the early Bronze Age until the beginning of the Common Era. It is named for the characteristic wedge-shaped impressions (Latin: *cuneus*) which form its signs. Cuneiform was originally developed to write the Sumerian language of southern Mesopotamia (modern Iraq). Cuneiform is the earliest known writing system.

Over the course of its history, cuneiform was adapted to write a number of languages in addition to Sumerian. Akkadian texts are attested from the 24th century BC onward and make up the bulk of the cuneiform record. Akkadian cuneiform was itself adapted to write the Hittite language in the early second millennium BC. The other languages with significant cuneiform corpora are Eblaite, Elamite, Hurrian, Luwian, and Urartian. The Old Persian and Ugaritic alphabets feature cuneiform-style signs; however, they are unrelated to the cuneiform logo-syllabary proper. The latest known cuneiform tablet dates to 75 AD.

Cuneiform was rediscovered in modern times in the early 17th century with the publication of the trilingual Achaemenid royal inscriptions at Persepolis; these were first deciphered in the early 19th century. The modern study of cuneiform belongs to the ambiguously named field of Assyriology, as the earliest excavations of cuneiform libraries – in the mid-19th century – were in the area of ancient Assyria. An estimated half a million tablets are held in museums across the world, but comparatively few of these are published. The largest collections belong to the British Museum (approx. 130,000 tablets), the Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin, the Louvre, the Istanbul Archaeology Museums, the National Museum of Iraq, the Yale Babylonian Collection (approx. 40,000 tablets), and Penn Museum.

## See also

* Old Persian cuneiform
* Ugaritic alphabet

## References

1. ↑ Johnson, Norman W.; *Geometries and Transformations*, Cambridge University Press, 2018, p.224.
Comcast

**Comcast Corporation** (formerly known as **American Cable Systems** and **Comcast Holdings**, stylized in all caps), incorporated and headquartered in Philadelphia, is the largest American multinational telecommunications and media conglomerate. The corporation is the second-largest broadcasting and cable television company in the world by revenue (behind AT&T), and is also the largest pay-TV company, the largest cable TV company, and largest home Internet service provider in the United States. Comcast is additionally the nation's third-largest home telephone service provider. It provides services to U.S. residential and commercial customers in 40 states and the District of Columbia. As the owner of the international media company NBCUniversal since 2011, Comcast is also a high-volume producer of feature films for theatrical exhibition, over-the-air and cable television programming, and theme park operator.
Croquette

A **croquette** /kroʊˈkɛt/ is a deep-fried roll originating in French cuisine, consisting of a thick binder combined with a filling, which is then breaded. It is served as a side dish, a snack, or fast food worldwide.

The binder is typically a thick béchamel or brown sauce, mashed potatoes, wheat flour or wheat bread. The binder may be mixed with or stuffed with a filling. Typical fillings include finely chopped meat, seafood, cheese, rice, mushrooms, and various vegetables, which may be combined with seasonings such as herbs and spices. Sweet croquettes may use a pastry cream binder and be filled with fruit.

Croquettes may also be formed in other shapes, such as disks, ovals, or balls.

## References

1. ↑ croquette noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes - Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com.
Daisy & Ollie

**Daisy & Ollie** is a British children's animated television series for preschoolers produced by CHF Entertainment and Hoopla Studio for Cartoonito and Channel 5's Milkshake! block. The show follows the daily life of two little kids named Daisy and Ollie, along with Daisy's father, Boo the purple monkey and Whizzy the toy robot. As of 8 March 2021, new episodes have also appeared concurrently on Channel 5.