调光控制，第一节第二部分：调光控制与系统

## EE 103. Dimming Control- Section 1, Part 2: Dimming Controls - Dimming Controls and Systems

EE 103.调光控制.第1部分，第2部分:调光控制.调光控制和系统

**以下译文来自**1605090105**—朱洁宇翻译**

### COURSE DESCRIPTION

Dimming Controls is a two-part series that educates participants about dimming control of electric lighting. Part 2 describes equipment used to enable dimming in commercial and residential buildings. Manufacturers offer a broad array of dimming solutions, from basic wallbox dimmers to sophisticated dimming systems designed for controlling complex loads, programming, recall and other features. Dimming controls can be categorized as basic wallbox dimmers, integrated dimmers, modular dimmers, low-voltage dimmers and preset dimmers.

### 课程描述

调光控制是一个由两部分组成的系列，旨在教育参与者如何对电子设备进行调光控制照明。第2部分描述了用于商业和住宅建筑调光的设备。

制造商提供广泛的调光解决方案，从基本的墙盒调光器到设计用于控制复杂负载、编程、召回和其他功能的复杂调光系统。调光控制可分为基本的墙盒调光器、集成调光器、模块化调光器、低压调光器和预设调光器。

### LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• professionally use general knowledge they will gain about different types of dimming controls, including wallbox dimmers, integrated dimmers, dimming systems and control stations.

• match wallbox dimmers to appropriate applications, apply single-pole, three-way and multilocation dimmers to projects, consider dimming systems based on digital dimming ballasts and distributed controllers, and understand the impact on the design that occurs when grouping dimmers.

• know important questions to ask about dimming controls prior to design and specification, how to match diming controls to control zones, and guidance on locating equipment on plans. • have the knowledge and vocabulary to conceptualize application of dimming control equipment to projects

### 学习目标

课程结束时，学员将能够：

专业使用他们将获得的关于不同类型调光控制的一般知识，包括墙盒调光器、集成调光器、调光系统和控制站。

将调光器与适当的应用相匹配，将单极、三向和多位置调光器应用于项目，考虑基于数字调光镇流器和分布式控制器的调光系统，并了解对调光器进行分组时对设计的影响。在设计和规范之前，了解调光控制的重要问题，如何将调光控制与控制区域匹配，以及如何在平面图上定位设备。

掌握调光控制设备在工程中应用的知识和词汇。

### WALLBOX DIMMERS

The wallbox dimmer is a simple control device that installs at the wall switch between the power supply and the lighting load. Manual control is typically the input, although the dimmer may be designed to accept commands from other devices such as other dimmers. As an output, it either dims the lamps (incandescent/halogen) or signals a compatible dimming ballast or driver to dim the lamps (fluorescent, HID, LED).

墙盒调光器是一种简单的控制装置，安装在电源和照明负荷。手动控制通常是输入，尽管调光器可以设计为接受来自其他设备（如其他调光器）的命令。作为输出，它要么使灯变暗（白炽灯/卤素灯），要么向兼容的调光镇流器或驱动器发出信号，使灯变暗（荧光灯、HID灯、LED灯）。

###  WALLBOX DIMMERS: THEORY OF OPERATION

Line-voltage incandescent/halogen lamp dimmers use a phase control method, turning the lamps ON and OFF 120 times per second and "chopping" the ON or OFF cycle to create what is perceived as smooth, continuous dimming. The longer the light is ON versus OFF, the higher the output. The longer the light is OFF versus ON, the lower the output. Variations on the phase control method are used for low-voltage halogen lamp dimming.

### 墙盒调光器：工作原理

线电压白炽灯/卤素灯调光器采用相位控制方法，每秒打开和关闭灯120次，并“切断”打开或关闭周期，以创建被视为平滑、连续变暗的效果。

灯亮的时间越长，输出越高。关灯时间越长，开灯时间越长，输出越低。相位控制方法的变化用于低压卤素灯调光。

### WALLBOX DIMMERS: THEORY OF OPERATION

In a fluorescent, HID or LED dimming system, the actual dimming is done by a dimmable ballast or driver designed to accept control signals as an input and dim the lamps as an output. The ballasts are typically wired in parallel so the load can be controlled in unison. The control signal circuit may be low or line voltage, with the signal and receiver ranges matched as closely as possible for desired performance.

### 墙盒调光器：工作原理

在荧光灯、HID或LED调光系统中，实际的调光是由可调光镇流器或驱动器的设计，接受控制信号作为输入和昏暗的灯作为输出。镇流器通常是并联的，因此负载可以同时控制。

控制信号电路可以是低电压或线电压，信号和接收器范围尽可能地匹配以获得期望的性能。

### WALLBOX DIMMERS: APPLICATIONS

Wallbox dimmers are desirable anywhere flexibility is needed. Suitable applications include auditoriums, classrooms, conference rooms, laboratories, library reading areas, lunch/break rooms, medical exam rooms, museums, private offices, restaurants, certain retail sales areas and residences.

### 墙盒调光器：应用

应用在任何需要灵活性的地方都需要墙盒调光器。合适的应用包括礼堂、教室、会议室、实验室、图书馆阅读区、午餐/休息室、体检室、博物馆、私人办公室、餐厅、某些零售区和住所。

### WALLBOX DIMMERS: BASIC MODEL

Wallbox dimmers can be categorized according to depth of functionality. The basic wallbox dimmer is a manual control that enables users to control light levels. Various configurations are available including linear slides, rotary knobs and raise/lower buttons. Various types of styling are also available to complement architectural interiors.

### 墙盒调光器：基本型号

墙盒调光器可以根据功能的深度进行分类。基本的wallbox调光器是一个手动控制，使用户可以控制亮度。提供各种配置，包括直线滑轨、旋转旋钮和升高/降低按钮。各种类型的造型也可用于补充建筑内部。

### WALLBOX DIMMERS: DIMMER/OCCUPANCY SENSOR

The wall-box dimmer can be combined with a manual switch or occupancy sensor which automatically switches the lights based on occupancy. The switch enables the load to be turned OFF if the dimmer itself does not allow the lamps to be fully turned OFF.

### 墙盒调光器：调光器/占用传感器

墙盒调光器可与手动开关或自动占用传感器结合使用根据占用情况切换灯光。如果调光器本身不允许灯完全关闭，则开关可使负载关闭。

### WALLBOX DIMMERS: INTEGRATED DIMMERS

Integrated dimmers, also called preset dimmers or architectural dimmers, are programmable dimmers with a bank of preset controls. The user can program and then recall multiple lighting scenes for multiple zones by pressing a button or based on a set schedule. Universal circuitry allows each dimmer output (channel) to control all types of lighting loads.

### 墙盒调光器：集成调光器

集成调光器，也称为预置调光器或建筑调光器，是可编程调光器带有一组预设控件。用户可以通过按按钮或根据设置的时间表为多个区域编程并调用多个照明场景。通用电路允许每个调光器输出（通道）控制所有类型的照明负载。

### WALLBOX DIMMERS: INTEGRATED DIMMERS

Integrated dimmers, also called preset dimmers or architectural dimmers, are programmable dimmers with a bank of preset controls. The user can program and then recall multiple lighting scenes for multiple zones by pressing a button or based on a set schedule. Universal circuitry allows each dimmer output (channel) to control all types of lighting loads.

### 墙盒调光器：集成调光器

集成调光器，也称为预置调光器或建筑调光器，是一组可编程调光器预设控件。用户可以通过按按钮或根据设置的时间表为多个区域编程并调用多个照明场景。通用电路允许每个调光器输出（通道）控制所有类型的照明负载。

### WALLBOX DIMMERS: INTEGRATED DIMMERS

As an example, a given dimmer may permit four preset scenes. Auxiliary controls, such as handheld infrared (IR) remotes, provide remote control of all or any single scene. In a conference room, this system could create unique lighting scenes to support a variety of functions, such as lectures, presentations, slide projections or meetings.

### 墙盒调光器：集成式调光器

作为示例，给定的调光器可以允许四个预设场景。 辅助控件，例如手持式红外（IR）遥控器，可以对全部或任何单个场景。 在会议室中，此系统可以创建独特的照明场景以支持各种功能，例如演讲，演示，幻灯片投影或会议。

### WALLBOX DIMMERS: NETWORKING

Some wallbox dimmers are now designed to respond to commands from other devices such as keypads, master control stations and other wallbox dimmers. These systems allow the dimming function to be distributed, eliminating wiring runs back to an equipment closet housing a dimming panel. The devices may communicate using dedicated low-voltage wiring, over power wiring or via wireless radio-frequency (RF) signals.

### 墙盒调光器：联网

一些墙盒调光器现在被设计用来响应来自其他设备的命令，如键盘、主控制站和其他墙盒调光器。这些系统允许调光功能被分配，消除了回到装有调光面板的设备柜的布线。这些设备可以使用专用低压布线、过功率布线或通过无线射频（RF）信号进行通信。

### CONFIGURATIONS: SINGLE-POLE DIMMER

Wallbox dimmers can be categorized as single-pole, three-way or multi-location. Single-pole dimmers control the lights from a single location.

### CONFIGURATIONS: THREE-WAY DIMMER WITH SWITCHES

Three-way dimmers dim the lights from one location, with connected three- and four-way switches added to turn the lights ON to the dimmer level or OFF from multiple locations.

配置：带开关的三向调光器三路调光器从一个位置调暗灯光，并增加了连接的三路和四路开关来转动从多个位置打开或关闭调光器级别的灯。

### CONFIGURATIONS: MULTILOCATION CONTROLS

Multilocation dimmers can be used with accessory dimmers for full control of the lights from an unlimited number of locations.

配置：多位置控件多位置调光器可与附件调光器一起使用，以从无限数量的位置。

### GROUPING DIMMERS

Multiple dimmers may be needed for control of multiple lighting circuits in the same space. For this purpose,

wallbox dimmers may be co-located in single-, two- and multi-gang configurations. If the dimmers must be spaced similarly to switches, then two- and multi-gang configurations are used. For some dimmer products, this may require removing part of the heat sink (as shown here to the right), which reduces the capacity (load) the dimmer can control.

### 分组调光器

可能需要多个调光器来控制同一空间中的多个照明电路。为此目的，wallbox调光器可以同时位于单、双和多组配置中。如果调光器的间距必须与开关的间距类似，则使用两组和多组配置。对于某些调光器产品，这可能需要卸下部分散热器（如右图所示），从而降低调光器可以控制的容量（负载）。

### DIMMING SYSTEMS

Dimming systems are the next step up from wallbox dimmers in terms of performance and sophistication. They enable control of large, complex lighting loads.

### 调光系统

在性能方面，调光系统是wallbox调光器的下一步以及老练。它们能够控制大型、复杂的照明负荷。

以下译文来自171—27**—富超群**

### DIMMING SYSTEMS: POWER PACKS

One approach is to use power packs, also called power extenders or boosters, to increase wallbox dimmer capacity and handle larger lighting loads. The pack acts as the controller, and can accept additional inputs from other devices such as timeclocks and occupancy and photosensors to create a simple integrated system.

### 调光系统：电源组

一种方法是使用电源组，也称为电源扩展器或助推器，以增加墙盒调光器的容量和处理更大的照明负荷。该软件包充当控制器，可以接受来自其他设备的额外输入，如时钟、占用率和光电传感器，以创建一个简单的集成系统。

### DIMMING SYSTEMS: DIMMING PANELS

Another type of dimming system consists of a centrally located dimming panel connected to distributed dimmers and/or control stations via lowvoltage wiring. The panel contains dimmer modules capable of robust dimming of small and large loads involving a variety of lamp types. The dimmers and control stations provide the user interface, enabling programmable scene recall, individual circuit control and scheduling. The dimming panel also serves as an integrated controller able to accept inputs from other devices such as switches, occupancy sensors, photosensors, timeclocks and other building systems.

### 调光系统：调光面板

另一种调光系统包括一个中央调光面板，通过低压接线连接到分布式调光器和/或控制站。该面板包含调光模块，能够对涉及各种灯类型的大小负载进行稳健的调光。调光器和控制站提供用户界面，实现可编程场景调用、单个电路控制和调度。调光面板还可作为一个集成控制器，能够接受来自其他设备的输入，如开关、占用传感器、光电传感器、时钟和其他建筑系统。

### DIMMING SYSTEMS: DIMMING PANELSA

A dimming panel includes an enclosure, process that assigns zones (channels) to lighting circuits, wiring terminations, dimmer modules (dimmers), power-switching relays (optional) and outputs to the connected loads. Due to digital construction, panels are getting smaller and lighter, allowing for higher dimmer densities within the panel. The panel is typically installed in the electrical closet on the floor or the wall; if installed in the electrical room, it can be specified to include overcurrent protection (breakers). Panels may be networked together for centralized control from a PC.

### 调光系统：调光面板

调光面板包括为照明电路分配分区（通道）的外壳、过程，接线端子、调光器模块（调光器）、电源开关继电器（可选）和连接负载的输出。由于数字结构，面板越来越小，越来越轻，允许面板内更高的调光密度。

配电盘通常安装在地板或墙上的电气柜中；如果安装在电气室中，则可以指定其包括过电流保护（断路器）。面板可以联网在一起，以便从PC进行集中控制。

### CONTROL STATIONS

The control station is the "brain" of the dimming system and tells the dimming panel and its dimmers what to do. Control stations may install at the wallbox, but they are not wallbox dimmers. Control stations allow control of multiple lighting circuits from one unit, which can be simpler and more visually pleasing than a row of dimmers on the wall. Some stations enable integration with other lighting control devices and building systems.

### 控制站

控制站是调光系统的“大脑”，它告诉调光面板及其调光器怎么办。控制站可以安装在墙盒上，但它们不是墙盒调光器。控制站允许从一个单元控制多个照明电路，这比墙上的一排调光器更简单、更美观。一些车站能够与其他照明控制设备和建筑系统集成。

### CONTROL STATIONS: INTERFACE

The interface may feature buttons, which may be factory preset to spec or set on-site, or programmable LCD touchscreen complete with graphics. Some control stations feature an IR receiver, which allows programming and control via a handheld remote.

### 控制站：接口

接口可以有按钮，这些按钮可以是工厂预设的规格或现场设置，或是可编程的              带有图形的液晶触摸屏。有些控制站配有红外接收器，允许通过手持遥控器进行编程和控制。

### CONTROL STATIONS: MASTER STATIONS

Some digital dimming systems allow one control station to act as a master controller for the

system. This means that each control station can be individually programmed and controlled by users, or all can be programmed and controlled as a group by a single control station accessible to the facility operator, typically found in partitioned spaces such as ballrooms.

### 控制站：主站

一些数字调光系统允许一个控制站充当系统。这意味着每个控制站都可以由用户单独编程和控制，或者所有控制站都可以由一个单独的控制站作为一个组进行编程和控制，该控制站通常位于隔离空间，如舞厅。

### DIMMING SYSTEMS: DIMMABLE BALLASTS

Another type of dimming system features a digital architecture based on DALI or a proprietary protocol, and uses digital dimming ballasts as the point of control. In this type of system, the ballasts are wired directly to the wall controller or other device, simplifying wiring and eliminating the need for individual dimmer modules and dimming control panels. For more information, take the Education Express module covering digital dimmable ballasts.

### 调光系统：可调光镇流器

另一种调光系统采用基于DALI或专有协议的数字架构，并使用数字调光镇流器作为控制点。在这种类型的系统中，镇流器直接连接到墙壁控制器或其他设备上，简化了布线，并且不需要单独的调光模块和调光控制面板。有关更多信息，请使用涵盖数字可调光镇流器的教育快速模块。

### DIMMING SYSTEMS: DISTRIBUTED CONTROLLERS

And another type of dimming system uses distributed micropanels within a digital communication architecture instead of a centralized panel or networked ballasts. With this approach, the micropanels are distributed close to the loads they control, and can provide switching or dimming of standard analog dimming ballasts. In this executive office, a two-relay dimming room controller is configured for automatic-ON to 50%/automatic-OFF operation for the pendant luminaires and manual-ON operation for the whiteboard lighting, with all lighting dimmable using 0-10VDC ballasts and digital dimmers with four-scene personal remote.

### 调光系统：分布式控制器

另一种调光系统使用数字通信架构中的分布式微面板，而不是集中式面板或网络镇流器。通过这种方法，微面板分布在它们控制的负载附近，可以提供标准模拟调光镇流器的开关或调光。在这个执行办公室，配置了一个双继电器调光室控制器，用于吊灯的自动开启至50%/自动关闭操作和白板照明的手动开启操作，所有照明可使用0-10VDC镇流器和带四个现场个人遥控器的数字调光器调光。

### DESIGN QUESTIONS

What do you want the system to do once it's installed?

How complex is the application need?

What is the alternative?

How many zones will be controlled?

What is the connected load and load type for each zone?

How many master control and other control stations will be needed?

Where will the master control and other control stations be located?

What other integration must be achieved—such as theatrical consoles, A/V, shades/blinds, etc.—and how?

Are these systems compatible and how?

Are there emergency lighting circuits?

Where are the dimming panels going to be located?

What is the budget?

### 设计问题

你希望系统安装后做什么？

应用程序需要多复杂？

另一种选择是什么？

将控制多少个区域？

每个区域的连接负载和负载类型是什么？

需要多少个主控制站和其他控制站？

主控制站和其他控制站将设在哪里？

必须实现哪些其他集成，如剧场控制台、A/V、阴影/百叶窗等，以及如何实现？

这些系统兼容吗？如何兼容？

有应急照明电路吗？

调光面板将位于何处？

预算是多少？

### SPECIFICATION TIPS

 Control stations
 Written spec to include commissioning
 Specification to include design intent
 Ensure compatibility
 Dimming equipment
 Dimmer modules

规格提示

### 项目说明

 控制站
 包括调试在内的书面规范
 规范应包括设计意图
 确保兼容性
 调光设备
 调光模块

### CONTROL ZONES

Control zoning is a critical part of the design process. A control zone is a lamp or group of lamps controlled simultaneously as a single entity by a single controller. In the case of dimming panels, these zones are served by outputs called "channels." Zones are typically established based on types of tasks to be lighted, lighting schedules, types of lighting systems, architectural finishes/furnishings, the desired layering of the lighting, desired control flexibility and daylight availability.

### 控制区

控制分区是设计过程中的关键部分。控制区是一个或一组受控制的灯由单个控制器同时作为单个实体。如果p变暗调光面板，这些区域由称为“通道”的输出服务区域通常是根据要照明的任务类型、照明计划、照明系统类型、建筑饰面/家具、所需的照明分层、所需的控制灵活性和日光可用性建立的。

### CONTROL ZONES

Smaller zones provide greater flexibility and responsiveness for a higher cost. For example, in an open office housing workstations with dedicated direct/indirect luminaires, the downlight component of each luminaire could be separately zoned and controlled by users, while the indirect uplight component could be zoned and controlled as a group for daylight harvesting or demand response. Zones should be established, if possible, not only on the immediate use of the space but also anticipated future uses.

### 控制区

较小的区域提供了更大的灵活性和响应性，以获得更高的成本。例如，在办公用房工作站配有专用的直接/间接照明设备，每个照明设备的筒灯组件可以单独分区并由用户控制，而间接筒灯组件可以作为一个组进行分区和控制，以便采光或响应需求。如有可能，应建立分区，不仅在空间的立即使用上，而且在预期的未来使用上。莱达利特建筑产品图片按计划定位设备确保控件易于定位和访问。不要把它们放在可能被锁着的衣柜里。确保从控制面板或开关位置可以看到受控照明。否则，住户们就得互相喊叫，“这样好吗？它够暗吗？”如果控件适应人们的正常行为，它们将被接受。否则，它们将被拒绝和绕过。使控制方案简单直观，即使是最基本的操作。如果控件不简单，则不会使用它们。控件应该有意义，并为所有用户提供灵活性。

### LOCATE EQUIPMENT ON PLANS

Make sure the controls are easy to locate and to access. Don't put them in a closet that might be locked. Make sure the controlled lighting can be see fo the ontrol panel or swith location. Otherise, ocupant wil ar to el l ac ther, s th ad i tit ngn h he co ros adat to the normal behavior of people, they will be acceped I, not they wil be retd pas. dhe te cntors ces mple an iftive for even the most basic operation. If controls aren't simple, they will not be used. Ccontrols should make sense and provide flexibility to all users

Image courtesy of Phillps Lighting Controls

### 在计划中找到所有的设备

确保这些控件易于定位和访问。不要把它们放在可能上锁的壁橱里。确保控制照明可以

控制面板或swich位置。换句话说，小猪们将会在猪的肚子里吃东西。

习惯了人们的正常行为，他们就会被鼓励而不是被模仿。即使是最基本的操作也可以接受。控件不是simpe，它们将不会被使用。控制应该是合理的，并为所有用户提供灵活性。