2019 Hypothetical Atlantic Hurricane Season (Sebastian's Version)

My 2019 Hypothetical Atlantic hurricane season used up all the names in the 2019 (List 5) N. Atlantic and Greek naming system. The first storm formed on January 1 and the last storm dissipated on October 29. The strongest storm of the season was Hurricane Alpha that peaked with winds of 175mph (280km/h) and a minimum pressure of 904mbar. There were 60 total depressions, 45 named storms, 35 hurricanes, and 30 major hurricanes. The season had caused $20.921 billion in damages (2019 USD) and 2,121 fatalities. The costliest storm of the season was Hurricane Tau which caused $4.03 billion (2019 USD) in damages in the Lesser Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, Jamaica, Central America, Mexico, and Texas combined. The deadliest storm of the season was Hurricane Rho which caused 517 total deaths in the Caribbean Islands, The Bahamas, and the United States combined. Hurricane Mu was the strongest storm to hit Greenland, the first storm to hit Greenland (still tropical), and the first major hurricane to hit Greenland Category 3, 120mph (195km/h). Many storms were long lived with most of them lasting over a month or so, meaning that most of them surpassed the previous record of Hurricane John in the Northeast Pacific Ocean back in 1994. Despite the hyperactivity, only one storm of all had reached Category 5 status which was the strongest storm of the season, Alpha with peak winds of 175mph (280km/h). A lot of systems reached major hurricanes unusually on a high latitude. Some long lived storms hit Europe with some still being tropical while they hit Europe.

## Systems

### Hurricane Andrea (01L)

On December 27, a low pressure area moved erratically across the tropical Atlantic, entering and exiting the eastern Caribbean Sea a lot of times; without being organized. On December 31, a high pressure area formed east of the low pressure area, meaning that the system moved to the west-northwest. Shortly afterward, the system encountered deep convection. On the following year and day, January 1, the system strengthened into Tropical Depression One, becoming the first depression of the season. An hour later, it strengthened into a tropical storm and given the first name on the list, Andrea, becoming the first named storm of the season. It reached its initial peak intensity with winds of 45mph (75km/h) until moderate shear and land interaction caused the system to weaken to a tropical depression. Shortly afterward, it made 2 landfalls over the Bahamas. It maintained its intensity while over The Bahamas until January 3 when it crossed into the Straits of Florida, restrengthening into a tropical storm and made its third landfall over the Florida Keys and shortly afterward, emerged into the Gulf of Mexico. In the Gulf of Mexico and strengthened to a Category 1 hurricane 6 hours later, becoming the first hurricane of the season and Category 2 then Category 3 major hurricane status on January 5, becoming the first major hurricane of the season. Shortly after peaking, it underwent an eyewall replacement cycle, weakening to a Category 2 hurricane. Shortly afterward, it weakened to a Category 1 hurricane due to cooler sea surface temperatures before making its fourth and final landfall over Texas with winds of 95 mph (145 km/h). It rapidly weakened when moving even further inland, degenerating into a remnant low on January 8. The remnants hit New Mexico, dissipating on January 9.

The system and its precursor brought heavy rainfall in the Windward Islands and flooding but no deaths reported. It also brought heavy rainfall across the Leeward Islands bringing major flooding in Barbuda and St. Martin and minor flooding in Antigua and St. Thomas. There was also tropical storm force winds over the islands. In the Greater Antilles, the northern coast was flooding due to surf and heavy rainfall up to 300-400mm, killing 6 people. In the Bahamas, a man died due to cancer when men were trying to get him to the hospital during flooding. This was the only indirect death. In the Florida Keys, 2 people died due to drowning in floodwaters. In the Gulf Coast, Texas was the hardest hit with high flooding in Galveston, Greater Houston, Dallas, and the Bolivar Peninsula. There was 2 deaths in Texas and one in Louisiana. New Mexico had no deaths and flooding. The system had caused $49.6 million (2019 USD) in all the areas it affected and damaged.

### Hurricane Barry (02L)

On December 28, a non-tropical low formed west of the Canary Islands, it drifted westward, still non-tropical. On December 30, it had gained subtropical characteristics. The following day, December 31, it became a tropical disturbance due to sea surface temperature up to 26 degrees Celsius. It had bursts of convection for two days. On January 2, it organized into Tropical Depression Two, becoming the second depression of the season. Two hours later, it strengthened into a tropical storm and given the next name, Barry, becoming the second named storm of the season. Soon afterward it traversed into very warm sea surface temperautres, 29-31 degrees Celsius, rapidly intensifying into a Category 1 hurricane the following day, January 3, becoming the second hurricane of the season and a Category 2 in just 18 hours in the same day. 12 hours later, it rapidly intensified into a Category 3 major hurricane, becoming the second major hurricane of the season. Shortly after peaking, it began undergoing an eyewall replacement cycle, dropping below major hurricane strength. Shortly after the eyewall replacement cycle. It entered a zone of high wind shear (55-60 knots), causing the system to rapidly weaken to a Category 1 before making landfall over North Carolina with winds of 75 mph (120 km/h). Shortly after landfall, it transitioned to an extratropical cyclone while moving inland for two days while continuing to weaken. It dissipated on January 13.

The system brought heavy rainfall and gusty winds over Bermuda, bringing flooding across the island. Despite this, no deaths were reported. In the United States, North Carolina was the hardest hit from the storm despite the system only being a minimal hurricane at landfall. It brought very high flooding, high waves, and gusty winds in the Outer Banks, caused an indirect and only death by a traffic accident in flooding in Charlotte, North Carolina from Barry as an extratropical cyclone. The other states it affected had no deaths but major damages and flooding reported. The storm caused $246.78 million (2019 USD) in all the areas it affected and damaged.

### Tropical Storm Chantal (03L)

On January 4, a disorganized but well-defined tropical wave exited the coast of West Africa. It became disorganized until January 7, when deep convection in the tropical wave developed. Its convection developed when it crept closer to the Lesser Antilles for six days. On January 13, the tropical wave organized into Tropical Depression Three, becoming the third depression of the season. Six hours later it strengthened into a tropical storm and given the next name on the list, Chantal, becoming the third named storm of the season. Shortly after being upgraded to a tropical storm, it reached its peak. At its peak, it had an eye-like feature. On January 15, Chantal made landfall over the Dominican Republic with winds of 45 mph (75 km/h) and a pressure of 999mbar. Shortly after landfall, it weakened into a tropical depression. Later on the same day it moved offshore, restrenghening into a tropical storm again during its secondary peak intensity north of the Tiburon Peninsula in Haiti. Its second peak didn't last for long due to land interaction in Cuba, where it weakened into a tropical depression. On January 17, it was downgraded into a remnant low but later on the same day, it reorganized back into a tropical depression. Shortly after being re-classified as a tropical depression, it reached its third peak intensity with winds of 35mph (55km/h). Shortly after peaking wind shear from a high pressure area over the Southeastern United States prevented the system from restrengthening into a tropical storm again. On January 19, it made its final landfall near Brownsville, Texas. Shortly after landfall it degenerated into a remnant low again. The system moved further inland into Mexico, where it dissipated over the Mexican state of Coahuila the following day, January 20.

The tropical depression brought major flooding across the Lesser Antilles, particularly in Dominica, Montserrat, Guadeloupe, St. Martin, and St. Lucia. In the Greater Antilles, there were tropical storm force winds over Hispaniola and Cuba. Puerto Rico did not have tropical storm force winds but it had rip currents over the southern coastline. There was flooding in San Juan. There were 6 indirect deaths there, mostly due to turbulent flights for people with diseases. In Hispaniola, this was the hardest hit, particularly in Haiti. In Haiti, 19 people died due to drowning and freshwater flooding. In the Dominican Republic, there were tropical storm force winds over the country. Two deaths were reported in the country, mostly in Santo Domingo. In Cuba, there was also tropical storm force winds. There was also high waves and coastal flooding, where one died in Santiago de Cuba. In Texas, there was flooding in Brownsville, McAllen, Corpus Christi, and Rockport. There were 3 deaths in Corpus Christi due to drowning. There was 200-350mm of rainfall. In Mexico, the storm's remnants brought 50-100mm of rainfall over Coahuila and flooding but no deaths reported. The system caused $2 million (2019 USD) in all the areas it affected and damaged.

### Tropical Depression Four (04L)

On January 16, a tropical wave moved off the coast of West Africa. The following day, January 17, it completed a tight counter-clockwise loop, turning to the north due to a high pressure area south of it. It moved north, nearly stationary, over warm sea surface temperatures. The system had bursts of convection for days, until January 21, when the tropical wave organized into Tropical Depression Four, becoming the fourth depression of the season. Shortly after formation, it reached its peak. It stayed at its peak for four days until it made landfall over Cape Verde where it encountered unfavorable conditions. Shortly after landfall, it turned to the northwest, due to a ridge to its east on January 26. When it turned to the northwest, it encountered dry air, causing it to degenerate into a remnant low the following day, January 27. It dissipated later that day.

Due the system's slow movement near Cape Verde, it brought heavy rainfall across all of the Cape Verde islands with the highest being 400mm in Santiago and Praia. It brought high flooding across Brava, Sal, Fogo, Praia, and Boa Vista. Despite the high flooding, there was minimal damage in the islands.

### Hurricane Dorian (05L)

On January 20, a tropical wave move off the coast of West Africa. It became disorganized while south of the Cape Verde islands as a slow-moving tropical wave. On January 22, it developed bursts of convection when moving away from the Cape Verde islands. Bursts of deep convection were already in the tropical wave and on January 25, it organized into Tropical Depression Five, becoming the fifth depression of the season. It maintained its intensity for a day until it strengthened into a tropical storm early the next day, January 26, and given the next name on the list, Dorian, becoming the fourth named storm of the season. Shortly after being named, Dorian began a period of rapid intensification, intensifying from a tropical storm into a hurricane in just 18 hours, becoming the third hurricane of the season and into a major hurricane in the following period, becoming the third major hurricane of the season and reaching its initial peak intensity as a Category 3. Shortly after reaching major hurricane strength and its initial peak intensity, it underwent an eyewall replacement cycle, falling to a Category 2 hurricane and made its first landfall over the Bahamas on January 29. It maintained its intensity for nearly two days and made its second landfall in the Florida Keys on January 31 and emerged into the Gulf of Mexico the following day, February 1. Shortly after it moved into the Gulf of Mexico, it rapidly intensified and regained major hurricane status and reached its peak on the following day, February 2. A few hours after peaking, it underwent another eyewall replacement cycle before landfall, weakening to a Category 3. Shortly after the eyewall replacement cycle, it made its final landfall over Corpus Christi. It rapidly weakened while moving even further inland and lost its convection over New Mexico, becoming a remnant low. The remnant low dissipated over Arizona, two days later.

Dorian brought rough surf and heavy rain around 700mm, bringing flooding across St. Croix, Antigua and Barbuda, and St. Martin, killing 21 people, 19 direct due to flooding and 2 indirect due to a plane crash in bad weather conditions near St. Thomas. In the Greater Antilles, there was rough surf, rip currents, storm surge, coastal flooding, and major flooding in Hispaniola, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. There were 400-500mm of rainfall in Cuba, 300-400mm in Hispaniola, and 200mm in Puerto Rico. There were 22 deaths in the Greater Antilles, 13 in Hispaniola, 5 in Cuba, and 4 in Puerto Rico, all due to flooding except for Cuba, where there was 5-7 tornadoes caught on camera. In the Florida Keys and South Florida, there was also major flooding, mostly in Miami, Fort Lauderdale, Key West, Cudjoe Key, and Loggerhead Key. There were only 3 deaths in Florida. 2 in the Florida Keys and 1 in South Florida. In the Gulf Coast, large swells, rip currents, storm surges, torrential rainfall up to 750mm, and flooding up to 5 meters high in Corpus Christi, Dallas, Houston, Brownsville, and Galveston, causing 4 deaths, 2 in Corpus Christi, 1 in Houston, and 1 in Dallas. In Mexico, there was heavy rainfall up to 100mm brought minor flooding Nuevo Leon and Coahuila. In Tamaulipas, there were storm surges and coastal flooding, killing one person. In New Mexico and Arizona the storm's remnants brought moderate to heavy rainfall in Scottsdale, Santa Fe, El Paso, and Albuquerque. Despite this, there was no flooding and deaths. The system caused $128.34 million (2019 USD) in all the areas it affected and damaged.

### Tropical Storm Erin (06L)

On January 24 a tropical disturbance formed south of Cuba. The disturbance turned to the north-northeast shortly after emerging into the Gulf of Mexico. On January 25, the disturbance completed a tight loop over Florida, particularly near Lake Okeechobee, bringing heavy rainfall over the state. On the following day, January 26, it reemerged into the Gulf of Mexico. On the following day, January 27, bursts of convection caused the disturbance to organize into Tropical Depression Six, becoming the sixth depression of the season. The following day, January 28, the tropical depression strengthened into a tropical storm and given the next name on the list, Erin, becoming the fifth named storm of the season. At its peak, it had a hurricane eye-like feature Shortly after being upgraded to a tropical storm, it reached its peak intensity. It stayed at tropical storm intensity for five days until February 1 when nearby outflow from the larger Hurricane Dorian caused the system to weaken to a tropical depression. The system continued weakening and weakened into a remnant low the following day, February 2. Later on the same day, the remnants made landfall over the Texas-Louisiana border. The following day after landfall, February 3, its remnants were eventually absorbed by the larger Hurricane Dorian.

The precursor brought heavy to torrential rainfall across Western Cuba, including Isla de la Juventud. This resulted in major flooding in Havana, Harlem, Mariel, San Cristobal, and Artemisa. Despite this, no deaths were reported. The precursor also brought torrential rainfall and flooding due to the fact that it completed a tight loop near Lake Okeechobee, causing the water levels of the lake to rise 3-4 feet high, bringing flooding across the areas surrounding the lake. Despite this, there was even major flooding in the Florida Keys and the state's peninsula, most especially in Key West, Key Largo, Cudjoe Key, Big Pine Key, Fort Lauderdale, Tampa, Jupiter, and Miami. Despite this there was no deaths reported in the state. In the Gulf Coast, the system brought rip currents and heavy rainfall, even its remnants did, particularly in Texas and Louisiana. In both states, the level of the Mississippi River rose to 2 feet high, bringing flooding across the areas surrounding the river, including Lake Sabina. Despite this, there was no deaths and no tropical storm force winds. The system caused $3,590 (2019 USD) in all the areas it affected and damaged.

### Hurricane Fernand (07L)

On February 3 a non-tropical low formed miles north of San Juan, Puerto Rico. It was originally moving northeast due to a ridge a few miles northwest of the non-tropical low. It continued to moved northeast for two days until February 5, when the system turned to the west when the ridge dissipated. The following day, February 6, the system became a subtropical low. Shortly after being subtropical, it organized into Subtropical Depression Seven, becoming the seventh depression of the season. Early the following day, the system strengthened into a subtropical storm and given the next name, Fernand, becoming the sixth named storm of the season. Shortly after being upgraded to a subtropical storm, it transitioned into a tropical storm since it moved into sea surface temperatures of 27-29 degrees Celsius. Shortly after becoming a tropical system, it rapidly intensified into a hurricane in just 24 hours, becoming the fourth hurricane of the season and into a major hurricane in also 24 hours, becoming the fourth major hurricane of the season. On February 13, it reached its peak intensity. Shortly after peaking, Fernand started undergoing an eyewall replacement cycle causing it to rapidly weaken below major hurricane status. Shortly after weakening, it made landfall near Charleston, South Carolina on February 14 with winds of 110 mph (175 km/h). Shortly after landfall, it rapidly weakened due to high mountains, degenerating into a remnant low on February 14. It dissipated on the following day.

The system brought tropical storm force winds, storm surges, and flooding in Bermuda. There were 2 indirect deaths due to car accidents due to winds. In Northeast Florida, rainbands brought heavy rainfall and a tornado outbreak was reported in Jacksonville and also in St. Augustine, killing 1 person. In the East Coast, South Carolina was the hardest hit, with waves being 4-5 feet high, flooding 3 feet high, and rainfall up to 600mm mostly in Charleston, Myrtle Beach, Florence, and Columbia. In coastal area in Georgia and the Carolinas, there were waves and rip currents. There was also flooding, mostly in Savannah and Augusta in Georgia, 2 feet high, Wilmington, Charlotte, and Fayettville in North Carolina, 3 feet high. The system caused $4 million (2019 USD) in all the areas it affected and damaged.

### Hurricane Gabrielle (08L)

On February 7, a tropical wave moved off the coast of West Africa. Bursts of convection and low wind shear allowed the tropical wave to organize into a tropical depression and on the following day, February 8, the wave organized into Tropical Depression Eight, becoming the eighth depression of the season. It stayed at its intensity for two days until February 10 when the tropical depression strengthened into a tropical storm and given the next name on the list, Gabrielle, becoming the seventh named storm of the season. The system maintained its intensity for four days due to low to moderate northerly wind shear. On February 14, when wind shear was low and sea surface temperatures were high, deep convection was associated in the system causing the system to rapidly intensify into a hurricane in the afternoon of the same day, becoming the fifth hurricane of the season. The system strengthened into a major hurricane on February 16, becoming the fifth major hurricane of the season. 6 hours after being upgraded to a major hurricane. Gabrielle reached its peak intensity. Shortly after reaching its peak, it began to undergo an eyewall replacement cycle, falling briefly below major hurricane status. When it finished the eyewall replacement cycle. It restrengthened into a major hurricane reaching its second peak intensity. Shortly after restrengthening to major hurricane strength. It entered a zone of moderate wind shear, on February 18, weakening below major hurricane status and even further into a Category 1 but restrengthened to reach a third peak with winds of 95 mph (145 km/h) and a pressure of 975mbar on February 20. It weakened again due to land interaction and made landfall near Brunswick, Georgia with winds of 85 mph (140 km/h) on the following day, February 21. It rapidly weakened while moving further inland, degenerating into a remnant low after moving inland for two days on February 23. It dissipated the following day, February 24.

The system brought hurricane force winds, waves up to 5 feet high, and major flooding in the Bahamas, mostly in Grand Bahama, Nassau, and Freeport. Despite this no deaths have been reported. In Florida, there was high surf in the eastern coast of the state but in the northeastern part of the state, its eyewall brought strong winds and heavy to torrential rainfall across the state. Despite this, there was also no deaths reported. In Georgia, torrential rainfall up to 600mm brought high flooding across the state, most especially in Brunswick, Atlanta, and Athens. There was also no deaths reported. Inland, in Alabama and Mississippi, there was heavy rainfall and despite the remnants dissipating over Alabama, it even reached into Mississippi, bringing rainfall up to 150mm. Despite this, there were also no deaths reported. The system caused $99.2 million (2019 USD) in all the areas it affected and damaged.

### Hurricane Humberto (09L)

On February 13, a tropical wave exited West Africa. There was no further development due to moderate wind shear for two days until February 15 when the system entered a zone of low wind shear. Bursts of convection allowed the system to organize into Tropical Depression Nine, becoming the ninth depression of the season. The following day, February 17, the depression strengthened into a tropical storm and given the next name on the list, Humberto, becoming the eighth named storm of the season. On February 19, Humberto made its first landfall over St. Lucia. Shortly after landfall, bursts of convection allowed the system to strengthen into a hurricane the following day, February 20, becoming the sixth hurricane of the season. On February 22, the eyewall passed over Jamaica. Despite this, the system continued to strengthen and on February 23, the system strengthened into a major hurricane, becoming the sixth major hurricane of the season. Shortly after being upgraded to a major hurricane, the system made its second landfall near Mahahual, Quintana Roo later that day. Despite landfall, the system maintained major hurricane status for two days until February 24, when the system underwent an eyewall replacement cycle, falling below major hurricane status. Shortly after Humberto finished the eyewall replacement cycle, it rapidly weakened to a Category 2 hurricane to a tropical storm in just six hours due to cooler sea surface temperatures up to 24 degrees Celsius just before making its final landfall near Tampico, Veracruz with winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) on February 25. It rapidly weakened while moving inland, degenerating into a remnant low the following day, February 26. It dissipated later that day over Zacaetas, Mexico.

In the Windward Islands, there were tropical storm force winds in Barbados, St. Lucia, Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Grenada. There was also torrential rainfall up to 300mm in the islands with tropical storm force winds. There was also major flooding in the same areas, killing 3 people. In the Greater Antilles, the eyewall passed over Jamaica as a Category 2 hurricane with winds of 100mph (155km/h), bringing hurricane force winds, rainfall up to 500-600mm and destroyed buildings that killed 14 people; indirect. There was flooding that killed 6 people. The rest of the Greater Antilles experienced high surf and rip currents, killing 2 people; 1 in Puerto Rico, and 1 in Cuba; all direct. In the Cayman Islands, there was strong winds, also, storm surges, rainfall up to 600mm and major flooding, killing 4 direct due to drowning and 3 indirect due to car accidents. In Belize and Guatemala, the storm's outer edges brought torrential rainfall and flooding that killed 1 person. Despite this, there was also a tornado reported in Corozal Town, Belize, but no deaths reported. In the rest of Central America, there was high surf. In Mexico, Quintana Roo was the hardest hit with winds equivalent to a major hurricane, high waves, storm surge up to 4 feet high and flooding up to 3 feet high, killing 2 people. In the rest of Mexico, heavy rainfall in Veracruz and all the areas affected by the storm in Mexico up to 200mm. Despite this, there was no flooding and deaths. The system caused $298 million (2019 USD) in all the areas it affected and damaged.

### Hurricane Imelda (10L)

On February 16, a tropical wave emerged off the coast of West Africa. Its convection deepened for two days until February 18 when the tropical wave organized into Tropical Depression Ten, becoming the tenth depression of the season, southwest of the Cape Verde islands. The following day, the system strengthened into a tropical storm and given the next name on the list, Imelda, becoming the ninth named storm of the season. The system maintained its intensity for two days until February 21 when the system strengthened into a hurricane, becoming the seventh hurricane of the season. The system maintained Category 1 intensity for three days until February 24, when the system was upgraded to a Category 2 hurricane. Shortly after being upgraded to a Category 2, it underwent rapid deepening. The system strengthened into a major hurricane in just six hours, becoming the seventh major hurricane of the season. The system rapidly intensified from a Category 3 into a Category 4 in just six hours, again. In just twelve hours, the system reached its peak intensity on February 27. Shortly after reaching its peak intensity, it underwent an eyewall replacement cycle, falling to a Category 3. When Imelda finished the eyewall replacement cycle it started undergoing a weakening phase due to unfavorable conditions, falling below major hurricane status on March 1. The day after Imelda fell below major hurricane status, it began to restrengthen briefly into a major hurricane after it entered a favorable zone. On March 4, Imelda reached its secondary peak with winds of 115 mph (185 km/h) and a pressure of 958 mbar. Shortly after reaching its secondary peak, it began to undergo its second eyewall replacement cycle, falling below major hurricane status again. It began to weaken rapidly due to wind shear from a high pressure area east of Bermuda. It weakened even further into a Category 1 and made landfall over North Carolina on March 6 with winds of 85 mph (140 km/h) and a pressure of 972 mbar. Shortly after landfall it underwent extratropical transition and completed it in just below six hours. It continued to weaken. The extratropical remnant passed east of Lake Erie and dissipated east of the lake over New York.

In the East Coast, North Carolina was the hardest hit, mostly in the Outer Banks with its strongest winds of landfall, rainfall up to 700mm, and flooding the entire bank up to 5-6 meters high, killing 12 people. In the rest of the state, there was also strong winds, torrential rainfall up to 600-635mm, and flooding up to 4 meters high, in Wilmington, Raleigh, Durham, Jacksonville, and Greenville, killing 5 people in all cities combined. In the rest of the East Coast, there was high surf and its outer edges brought rainfall up to 200-300mm. There was no flooding. There was 3 deaths due to high surf. In the Great Lakes region, the flood waters in Lake Erie rose up to 3 meters high, bringing flooding around the lake. All deaths were from flooding. In Canada, its extratropical remnants brought flooding in Quebec and Ontario. There were no deaths reported. In its extratropical phase, it summoned a tornado outbreak from March 8-10 in the Delmarva Peninsula, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Vermont. There were 29-30 tornadoes reported in all states combined. Despite this, there were no deaths reported. The system caused $50 million (2019 USD) in all the areas it affected and damaged.

### Hurricane Jerry (11L)

On February 19, a tropical wave moved off the coast of West Africa. The following day, February 20, bursts of convection allowed the system to organize into Tropical Depression Eleven, becoming the eleventh depression of the season. The system maintained its intensity for two days until February 22, when the system strengthened into a tropical storm and given the next name on the list, Jerry, becoming the tenth named storm of the season. Jerry had maintained its intensity for three days until early on February 25, when the system made landfall over Dominica with winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) and a pressure of 988 mbar. On the same day, it emerged into the Caribbean Sea and shortly afterward, it strengthened into a hurricane, becoming the eighth hurricane of the season. It maintained Category 1 intensity for two days until February 27 when it passed south of Jamaica. Shortly after passing near Jamaica, it intensified into a Category 2 hurricane. The following day, February 28, it strengthened into a major hurricane, becoming the eighth major hurricane of the season. Shortly after strengthening into a Category 3 major hurricane, it made landfall near Chetumal, Quintana Roo. The following day after landfall, March 1, it weakened into a Category 2, falling below major hurricane status. Later that day, it emerged into a Bay of Campeche. Shortly afterwards, it headed west-southwest towards Tabasco due to a high pressure area over the Gulf Coast of the US, causing the eyewall to hit Tabasco. Shortly after the eyewall hitting Tabasco, another high pressure area in the Gulf of Tehuantepec steered the system to the west-northwest and shear from the high pressure area north of it caused to weaken to a Category 1 hurricane just before making its final landfall near Heroica Veracruz, Veracruz early the following day, March 2. It rapidly weakened degerating into a remant low just off the coast of Jalisco in the Northeast Pacific but turned northeast due to a ridge to its southwest. The remnants dissipated the following day, March 3, near Tepic, Nayarit.

In Cape Verde, there was heavy rainfall in Sao Felipe. In the Lesser Antilles, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Montserrat, Antigua and Barbuda, Martinique, St. Lucia, Barbados, St. Vincent and the Grenadines experienced 400mm of rainfall in two days, waves up to 2 feet high, and flooding in all the areas affected in 400mm of rainfall up to 3 feet high when the system made landfall over Dominica, killing 4 people direct due to high surf and 9 indirect due to falling trees collapsing on them due to the winds. In the Greater Antilles, there were tropical storm force winds and rainfall up to 300mm and large swells in all of the islands. Despite this, there were no deaths reported. In Central America, Belize had hurricane force winds and Guatemala had tropical storm force winds. In the rest, there were just large swells. There were also no deaths reported. Mexico, Quintana Roo was still recovering from the effects of Humberto when it was the hardest hit. This was similar to Jerry since it brought rainfall up to 600mm, storm surge up to 2-3 meters high, and flooding up to 4 meters high, killing 8 direct due to drowning, 10 indirect due to trafic accidents during evacuations. In Tabasco, the Category 2 eyewall hit with winds of 105mph (166km/h) bringing hurricane force winds that knocked down trees and rainfall up to 300mm. There was no flooding and deaths. In Veracruz, there was Category 1 winds and rainfall up to 180mm. No deaths and flooding were reported. In the rest of the Mexicans states affected, there was strong winds and rainfall up to 230mm but no flooding and deaths reported. The system caused $23.4 million (2019 USD) in all the areas it affected and damaged.

### Tropical Storm Karen (12L)

On February 23, a tropical wave exited West Africa. The wave couldn't organize at first due to unfavorable conditions but as it crept closer to land it encountered favorable conditions for development and on February 27, the wave organized into Tropical Depression Twelve, becoming the twelfth depression of the season. The following day, February 28, the system strengthened into a tropical storm and given the next name on the list, Karen, becoming the eleventh named storm of the season. The following day after the system was upgraded into a tropical storm, March 1, it reached its initial peak intensity with its peak winds of 60 mph (95 km/h) but a pressure higher than its peak. The pressure higher than its peak is 994 mbar. Shortly after reaching its initial peak intensity with its peak winds but not its minimum pressure, Moderate wind shear displaced the system's center and caused it to weaken while approaching the Bahamas and on March 4, Karen weakened into a tropical depression and made its first landfall over the Bahamas as a tropical depression with winds of 35 mph (55 km/h) and a pressure of 1000 mbar. The following day, March 5, Karen crossed into the Straits of Florida and made its second landfall between Islamorada and Leyton still as a tropical depression with winds of 30 mph (45 km/h) and a pressure of 1003 mbar. Shortly after landfall, the system restrengthened to a tropical storm just west of Florida. On March 7, Karen reached its peak intensity. In its peak intensity, Karen's wind reached its secondary peak with winds of 50mph (85km/h) and its minimum pressure of 992 mbar. Karen stayed at its peak for 24 hours. On March 8, it began to weaken due to land interaction despite being offshore. Early on March 9, Karen made its final landfall near the Texas-Louisiana border, the same area where Erin made landfall nearly 2 months ago. The following day after landfall, Karen degenerated into a remnant low. Early the following day, March 11, Karen dissipated over Texas.

In the Leeward Islands, the system brought rainfall up to 300mm and flooding up to a meter high in Anguilla, the USVI, and the BVI. Despite this, there was no deaths reported. In the Greater Antilles there was rainfall up to 330mm in Puerto Rico and Hispaniola and 300mm in Cuba. Karen brought tropical storm force winds over Hispaniola and Puerto Rico and waves up to a meter high. In Cuba there was no major problems. Despite this, there was also no deaths. In the Bahamas, there was torrential rainfall and flooding up to 2 meters high. Despite this there was even not a single death reported. In Florida, mostly in the Florida Keys and South Florida, they were the hardest hit despite being a tropical depression, there was rainfall up to 400mm and flooding up to 2-3 meters high, mostly in the Florida Keys and in Miami and the Everglades. In the Gulf Coast, mostly in Texas and Louisiana, there was flooding from Lake Sabina an the Mississippi River and rainfall up to 300mm. Despite this, there was no deaths reported. The system caused $12 million (2019 USD) in all the areas it affected and damaged.

### Hurricane Lorenzo (13L)

On February 25, a tropical wave exited West Africa. The wave did not organize until February 28, when the wave organized into Tropical Depression Thirteen, becoming the thirteenth depression of the season. The following day, March 1, the system strengthened into a tropical storm and given the next name on the list, Lorenzo, becoming the twelfth named storm of the season. The following day, March 2, the system strengthened and made its first landfall over Barbados with winds of 60 mph (95 km/h) and a pressure of 995 mbar. A few hours later, it strengthened once again and made its second landfall as a strong tropical storm with winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) and a pressure oh 992 mbar. The following day after landfall, March 3, the system emerged into the Caribbean Sea and shortly afterward, strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane, becoming the ninth hurricane of the season. The system underwent steady intensification, strengthening into a Category 2 hurricane the following day, March 4. The system rapidly intensified and reached major hurricane strength the following day, March 5. Shortly after reaching major hurricane strength, it reached its initial peak intensity with winds of 120 mph (195 km/h) and a pressure of 959 mbar. Shortly after reaching major hurricane status, Lorenzo underwent an eyewall replacement cycle, falling below major hurricane status to a Category 2 but regained major hurricane status later that day. It rapidly intensified, reaching its peak intensity, and made its third landfall over Hopkins, Belize at its peak on March 7. Shortly after reaching its peak intensity, it began to weaken steadily, falling below major hurricane status on the following day, March 8. Later that day, it emerged into the Bay of Campeche but despite this, upwelling caused the system to weaken even further into a Category 1 just before making its final landfall over Túxpam de Rodríguez Cano, Veracruz, Mexico on March 9. It began to rapidly weakened while moving further inland, degenerating into a remnant low on the following day, March 10. It was rapidly drawn to the north-northeast from a large, long extratropical cyclone, being absorbed by the cyclone the following day, March 11.

In the Lesser Antilles, there were tropical storm force winds, torrential rainfall up to 500mm, and flooding up to 2.5 feet high in Barbados, St. Lucia, Dominica, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Martinique, killing 16 people; 12 people direct due to drowning and 4 indirect due to a heart attack when all were trying to get to higher ground. In the Greater Antilles, Jamaica had tropical storm force winds rainfall up to 200mm but no flooding, killing 5 people; 3 direct due to high surf, 2 indirect due to flying debris. In the rest of the islands, there was high surf and rip currents, killing 6 people; all direct. In Belize, this was the hardest hit with major hurricane winds, rainfall up to 600.5mm and flooding up to 2.5-3.2 feet high, killing 10 people; 7 direct due to drowning, 3 indirect due to a building collapsing on them. In Guatemala, there was hurricane force winds, rainfall up to 512.4mm, and flooding a feet high, killing 1 person; indirect due to a building collapsing during the flood. In the rest of Central America, there were rip currents but no deaths reported. In Mexico, there was rainfall up to 300-400mm, hurricane force winds, and flooding up to 2.4 feet high, mostly in Veracruz, Yucatan, Campeche, Quintana Roo, and all the areas affected by the system, killing 6 people; all direct due to high surf in Veracruz, killing 4 and flooding in Campeche, killing 2 people. The system caused $1.45 million (2019 USD) in all the areas it affected and damaged.

### Hurricane Melissa (14L)

On February 28, a tropical wave exited West Africa. Three days later, on March 3, the wave organized into Tropical Depression Fourteen, becoming the fourteenth depression of the season. Its movement was nearly stationary due to light steering currents and maintained its intensity for two days until March 5 when the system strengthened into a tropical storm and given the next name on the list, Melissa, becoming the thirteenth named storm of the season. Shortly after being upgraded to a tropical storm, Melissa's movement speed began to increase but it maintained its intensity for four days until March 9 when the system strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane, becoming the tenth hurricane of the season. It maintained its intensity as a minimal hurricane for two days until March 11, when it rapidly intensified, reaching Category 2 intensity early the following day, March 12. The following day, March 13, the system strengthened into a Category 3 major hurricane, becoming the tenth major hurricane of the season. Early the following day, March 14, Melissa reached Category 4 intensity. Shortly after reaching Category 4 intensity, it reached its initial peak intensity with winds of 130 mph (215 km/h) and a pressure of 939 mbar. Shortly after reaching its initial peak intensity, it weakened back to a Category 3 due to a brief eyewall replacement cycle but restrengthened into a Category 4 early the following day, March 15. Later the same day, Melissa reached its peak intensity. Later that day, also, Melissa underwent a second eyewall replacement cycle, falling back to Category 3 intensity early on March 16. When it finished the eyewall replacement cycle, it restrengthened back to a Category 4 again, reaching a secondary peak intensity with winds of 135 mph (215 km/h), the same winds at its peak but a higher pressure of 937 mbar, just 1 mbar higher than its minimum pressure later that day. Early the following day, March 17, it entered an area of moderate wind shear, falling back to Category 3 intensity for the final time. It continued to weaken, falling below major hurricane intensity to a Category 2 hurricane early on March 19. It maintained its intensity that day. The following day, Melissa regained major huricane strength. Melissa reached a fourth peak intensity with winds of 120 mph (195km/h) and a pressure of 949 mbar March 21. Melissa weakened slightly just before making landfall over the Savannah River with winds of 115 mph (185 km/h) and a pressure of 951 mbar later that day. Shortly after landfall, Melissa began to rapidly weaken while moving further inland. Two days after landfall, March 23, it became a remnant low. It dissipated over Arkansas the following day, March 24.

In the Bahamas, its outer edges brought strong winds and torrential rain in Nassau, Freeport, Grand Bahama, Great Abaco, and Nicholls and Congo Town, bringing flooding up to 1.5-2 meters high that killed 18 people; 5 direct from drowning, 13 indirect from diseases and car accidents. In Florida, its outer edges brought strong winds and also torrential rainfall up to 500mm, the heaviest in Fernandina Beach and Jacksonville. It also summoned a tornado outbreak that lasted from March 20-21, the highest being an EF3 tornado in Yulee with winds of 152 mph that killed 15 people; 3 direct by being blown away by an EF2 tornado and 12 direct by a collapsing building caused by the same EF2 tornado in Jacksonville Beach. There was a direct death from drowning from floods in Jacksonville. In Georgia and South Carolina, when the storm made landfall on March 21 over the Savannah River, its eyewall brought strong winds on both states, torrential rainfall up to 600mm, the heaviest in Savannah, Hilton Head Island, Richmond Hill, and Beaufort. Flooding up to 2.5 meters high killed 4 people; all direct. In Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Arkansas, there was strong winds in Alabama and Mississippi, heavy rainfall in all states with 400-500mm the highest in Montogomery, Alabama. In the rest, there was rainfall up to 300mm except for Arkansas. 40mm in Arkansas. The rest of the deaths were from flooding and diseases. The system caused $689 million (2019 USD) in all the areas it affected and damaged.

### Hurricane Nestor (15L)

On March 1, a tropical wave exited West Africa. The wave continued to slowly organize while heading northwest. Six days later, on March 7, the wave organized into Tropical Depression Fifteen, becoming the fifteenth depression of the season. The following day, March 8, the system strengthened into a tropical storm and given the next name on the list, Nestor, becoming the fourteenth named storm of the season. It maintained its intensity for two days until March 10 when Nestor strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane, becoming the eleventh hurricane of the season. It rapidly strengthened and reached Category 2 intensity after maintaining its intensity for two days on March 12. Later that day, the system rapidly intensified into a Category 3 major hurricane becoming the eleventh major hurricane of the season. Nestor struggled to strengthened to a Category 4 and fluctated in strength due to moderate wind shear, maintaing its intensity for five days. On March 17, Nestor finally strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane since wind shear decreased. Later that day, Nestor reached its initial peak intensity with winds of 140 mph (220 km/h) and a pressure of 930 mbar. Nestor maintained its intensity for 12 hours. Early the following day, March 18, Nestor underwent an eyewall replacement cycle, weakening to a Category 3 on March 20. Despite the weakening, it maintained its initial minimum pressure. After completing the eyewall replcaement cycle, it restrengthened into a Category 4 hurricane and its initial minimum pressure started decreasing again. On March 24, it reached its peak intensity as a slow moving storm. After reaching its peak intensity, it moved over to cooler sea surface temperatures of up to 20-22 degrees Celsius. The following day, March 25, it underwent an eyewall replacement cycle, causing the sea surface temperatures to fall to 17-19 degrees Celsius, undergo extratropical transition, and rapidly weaken Nestor to a Category 1 hurricane. It became small due to high shear of up to 55-60 knots near Atlantic Canada, causing the system to have its size shrunk to a small storm, just before making landfall over Metaghan, Nova Scotia with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) and a pressure of 971 mbar on March 28. Shortly after landfall, it completed extratropical transition. It rapidly weakened into a post-tropical depression just before heading to the north into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. While in the gulf, its movement was nearly stationary and moved north. On April 1, it moved ashore Anticosti Island just before its remnants were absorbed by an extratropical cyclone after moving ashore later that day.

In Bermuda, there was hurricane-force winds of 82-84 mph (130 km/h), torrential rainfall up to 400mm and a storm surge of 2-3.5 feet in coastal areas. There was also 3 tornadoes reported in St. George's, the highest being an EF2 with winds of 116 mph (185 km/h). Despite this, there were no deaths reported. In the US East Coast, there were rip currents in Georgia and South Carolina. In North Carolina, Virginia, and the Delmarva Peninsula, its outer edges brought heavy rainfall and flooding up to 4 meters high, and a tornado was reported in Wilmington, EF0, winds of 75 mph (120 km/h). In New Jersey, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Maine, its eyewall brought Category 4-equivalent winds, rainfall up to 700mm, and flooding up to 4.5 meters high. Despite this, there were no deaths reported in all states. In Atlantic Canada, there was Category 1-equivalent winds in the western part of Nova Scotia and tropical storm force winds in the rest of the province. In Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island, and Quebec, there was rainfall up to 200mm and storm surge up to 2.5 meters high. Despite this there were also no deaths reported. The system caused $928.67 million (2019 USD) in damages in all the areas it affected and damaged.

### Tropical Depression Sixteen (16L)

On March 7, two tropical waves exited West Africa, one large, one small. The waves were separated from a high pressure area between them on the following day, March 8.The larger one developed into a tropical depression on March 13 that brushed Western Cuba. The smaller wave continued to head west with slow development due to wind shear of 10-15 knots. On March 10, the smaller wave entered the Caribbean Sea. The following day, the smaller wave organized into Tropical Depression Sixteen south of Hispaniola. Shortly after formation, it reached its peak intensity. It maintained its peak intensity until it made landfall over the Dominican Republic. Shortly after landfall, it degenerated into a remnant low. Despite this, it made a second landfall over the Tiburon Peninsula in Haiti. The system turned to the west and brushed Jamaica and Cuba. While brushing them, the larger wave entered the Caribbean Sea at a fast speed on March 13 and absored the remnants later that day.

In Hispaniola, there was rainfall up to 100mm and flooding in the island, killing a woman in Haiti. In both Jamaica and Cuba, there was the same amount of rainfall in Hispaniola but no deaths and flooding reported. The system caused $5,100 (2019 USD) in all the areas it affected and damaged.

### Tropical Depression Seventeen (17L)

As it was said in Section 2.16, there were two tropical waves that left West Africa on March 7. The one above was the small one. This one is the large tropical wave. This is just brief information. The full info is at Section 2.16 in this page. The largest one continued westward and its movement accelerated while moving closer to the Lesser Antilles and encountered unfavorable conditions. On March 13, it entered the Caribbean Sea and its movement started slowing down due to decreasing shear. Later that day, the wave organized into Tropical Depression Seventeen. Shortly after formation, it absorbed the remnants of the smaller tropical depression that brushed Hispaniola, Cuba, and Jamaica and reached its peak intensity. Soon after reaching its peak intensity, its winds fell to 30 mph (50 km/h). It maintained its strength until it made landfall over Western Cuba on March 15. Later that day, it degenerated into a remnant low just before dissipating the following day, March 16.

In the Cayman Islands, it brought torrential rainfall and flash flooding. Despite this, there were no deaths reported. In Cuba, the tropical depression grazed the Western Coast hardest as it brought the highest rainfall and flash flooding from the storm (in Isla de la Juventud). No deaths were also reported. The system caused minimal damage.

### Tropical Storm Olga (18L)

On March 10, a tropical wave left West Africa. The system slowly organized as it crept closer to the Bahamas and six days later, on March 16, the wave organized into Tropical Depression Eighteen, becoming the eighteenth depression of the season. Twelve hours later, the depression strengthened into a tropical storm and given the next name on the list, Olga, becoming the fifteenth named storm of the season. Shortly after reaching tropical storm intensity, it reached its initial peak as a minimal tropical storm and increasing wind shear weakened the system into a tropical depression just before making its first landfall over the Bahamas with winds of 35 mph (55 km/h) and a pressure of 1003 mbar on the following day, March 17.The following day again, March 18, the system made its second landfall in South Florida with winds of 30 mph (45 km/h) and a pressure of 1005 mbar. Early the following day, March 19, it emerged in the Gulf of Mexico. Shortly after emerging into the gulf, wind shear relaxed, allowing the system to restrengthen into a tropical storm the following day, March 20. At 06:00 UTC the following day, March 21, Olga reached its peak intensity. Olga maintained its peak intensity for 24 hours until the following day, March 22, when moderate southerly wind shear of 20 knots displaced the system's convection to the north, exposing the southern part of the low level circulation center. The the following day at 12:00 UTC, March 23, Olga made its third and final landfall over Galveston Island and Texas City both in Texas. Shortly after landfall, it experienced the brown ocean effect, a phenomenon when a system maintains its structure and intensity over land due to saturated soil conditions. However, the phenomenon was short lived, when the system degenerated rapidly into a remnant low in just 24 hours after it happened. The remnants dissipated early the following day, March 25.

In the Bahamas, Olga brought tropical storm winds of 38 mph (61 km/h), the minimum of tropical storm winds, rainfall up to 10-11 inches, but no flooding. Despite this, there were no deaths reported. In the United States, Florida and the Gulf Coast were the hardest hit, with 60 mph (96 km/h) winds in the Gulf Coast and torrential rainfall and flooding in both Florida and the Gulf Coast. No deaths were also reported. The system caused $129,000 (2019 USD) in all the areas it affected and damaged.

### Hurricane Pablo (19L)

On March 18, a tropical wave exited West Africa. It rapidly organized while heading west-northwestwards at a speed of 10 mph (16 km/h). Early the following day, March 19, the wave organized into Tropical Depression Nineteen. The tropical depression slowly strengthened due to sea surface temperatures of 26 degrees Celsius. It maintained its intensity for two days until March 21 at 18:00 UTC when the system strengthened into a tropical storm and given the next name on the list, Pablo, becoming the sixteenth named storm of the season. It slowly strengthened and maintained its intensity for five days until it briefly strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane, its first peak, with winds of 74 mph (120 km/h), becoming the twelfth hurricane of the season. Six hours after reaching hurricane strength, outflow from Hurricane Nestor, weakened Pablo back to a strong tropical storm. However, again, six hours later, Pablo restrengthened back into a Category 1 hurricane. Finally, Pablo rapidly strengthened and grew a regular eye. On March 28 at 12:00 UTC, Pablo strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane. Twelve hours later, the system strengthened into a Category 3 major hurricane, becoming the twelfth major hurricane of the season. The following day, on March 29 at 24:00 UTC, Pablo strengthened even further into a Category 4 hurricane. On April 1 at 12:00 UTC, Pablo reached its initial peak intensity with winds of 145 mph (230 km/h) and a pressure of 930 mbar. On April 2 at 24:00 UTC, Pablo underwent its first eyewall replacement cycle, weakening into a Category 3 major hurricane on April 3. Early the following day, April 4, Pablo reintensified back to a Category 4 major hurricane. The following day, April 5 at 18:00 UTC, Pablo reached its peak intensity. Early the following day, April 6, Pablo underwent its second eyewall replacement cycle, weakening into a Category 3 major hurricane for the second time at the same day at 12:00 UTC. It maintained its intensity for two days until April 8 at 12:00 UTC, when the system restrengthened back to a Category 4 major hurricane for the final time, reaching its secondary and final peak intensity with winds of 130 mph (216 km/h). Shortly after reaching its secondary peak, it underwent its third and final eyewall replacement cycle, falling to a Category 3 major hurricane for the final time just twelve hours later. Shortly after finishing the eyewall replacement cycle, Pablo entered an area of cooler sea surface temperatures of 20-21 degrees Celsius and strong wind shear of 30-35 knots. Despite this, Pablo maintained its intensity for two days until early on April 11, when cooler sea surface temperatures and strong wind shear finally took toll on the system, weakening the system to a Category 2 hurricane. It maintained its intensity for two days until early on April 13, when Pablo weakened even further to a Category 1. Soon afterward, it begun extratropical transition and its eye became cloud-filled. Later that day, Pablo made landfall over Southwest Harbor, Maine with winds of 90 mph (146 km/h) and a pressure of 970 mbar. The following day after landfall, at April 14, 00:01 UTC, Pablo finished extratropical transition. Despite this it summoned a tornado outbreak with in Maine, New Brunswick, Quebec, and Labrador on April 16-19. It dissipated on April 21 over Labrador.

In Bermuda, there were tropical storm force winds of up to 65 mph (101 km/h) and gusts up to 75 mph (120 km/h), flooding up to 2 meters high, and waves up to 6 meters high, killing 2 people. In the United States East Coast, Maine was the hardest hit, with hurricane force winds up to 87 mph (147 km/h), flooding up to 2 meters high, and storm surge up to 3 meters high, bringing coastal flooding, killing 10 people; 1 direct due to drowning, and 9 indirect due to a building collapsing on them. In Canada, Nova Scotia had tropical storm winds of up to 62 mph (96 km/h) and flooding but no deaths reported. In its extratropical phase, Maine, New Brunswick, Quebec, and Labrador, had a tornado outbreak with 40 tornadoes reported, the highest being an EF4 with winds of 176 mph (282 km/h) in Sept-Iles, Quebec. The rest of the deaths were caused by the tornado outbreak in all four affected areas. The system caused $314 million (2019 USD) in all the areas it affected and damaged.

### Tropical Depression Twenty (20L)

On March 16, a tropical wave moved off West Africa, it continued towards the northwest encountering unfavorable conditions. However while it approached the Bahamas on March 22, a high pressure area over the United States East Coast turned it to the west, encountering favorable conditions. The following day, however, March 23, the wave made landfall over Florida. Despite this, it continued to organize. Finally on March 24, the wave organized into Tropical Depression Twenty, becoming the twentieth depression of the season. Six hours later, it emerged into the Gulf of Mexico and strengthened slightly, reaching its peak intensity. It maintained its peak intensity until the following day, March 25 at 12:00 UTC, when the system encountered increasing wind shear began taking toll on the system. It maintained its intensity until the following day, March 26, at 24:00 UTC, when it degenerated into a remnant low. Despite this, it made landfall over Freeport, Texas early on March 27. It dissipated later that day at 24:00 UTC.

In both Florida and the United States Gulf Coast, the system brought torrential rainfall and flash flooding, killing one person directly. 5 indirect deaths were due to the car being swept in the Mississippi River. Only one person survived. The system caused $1 million (2019 USD) in all the areas it damaged.

### Hurricane Rebekah (21L)

On March 27, an area of disturbed weather formed off the coast of Veracruz in the Bay of Campeche. It rapidly organized and at 06:00 UTC the following day, March 28, the area of dsturbed weather organized into Tropical Depression Twenty-one, becoming the twenty-first depression of the season. Later that day, the tropical depression made its first landfall near Campeche, Campeche at 14:00 UTC with winds of 35 mph (55 km/h) and a pressure of 1000 mbar. It moved out into sea at 24:00 UTC on the same day at its first landfall. 24 hours later, the system strengthened into a tropical storm and given the next name on the list, Rebekah, becoming the seventeenth named storm of the season. It maintained its intensity for four days until April 2 at 12:00 UTC when Rebekah rapidly intensified into a Category 1 hurricane, becoming the thirteenth hurricane of the season. The system rapidly strengthened even further into a Category 2 hurricane in just six hours. The following day, April 3 at 18:00 UTC, Rebekah intensified into a Category 3 major hurricane, becoming the seventeenth major hurricane of the season. Twelve hours later, April 4 at 06:00 UTC, it intensified even further into a Category 4 major hurricane. Shortly after reaching Category 4 intensity, Rebekah reached its peak. It maintained its intensity until the following day 18:00 UTC, April 5, when the system underwent an eyewall replacement cycle, weakening into a Category 3 major hurricane. Despite the weakening, the wind field expanded. Early the following day, April 6, Rebekah made its final landfall over Apalachicola in the Florida Panhandle. Despite landfall, it maintained its intensity for 24 hours when early the following day, April 7, Rebekah weakened into a Category 2 hurricane, below major hurricane strength. Again, it maintained its intensity until 12:00 UTC the following day, April 8, when the system weakened even further to a Category 1 hurricane. It maintained its intensity, again, for 24 hours until the following day, April 9, when Rebekah fell below hurricane intensity to tropical storm intensity. The following day, April 10, the system weakened into a tropical depression. Early the following day, April 11, Rebekah degenerated into a remnant low. It dissipated later that day at 18:00 UTC.

In Mexico, the precursor and the system in its tropical depression stage dumped torrential rainfall up to 16-20 inches in Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chiapas, Campeche, and the Yucatán Peninsula, killing 10 people; 6 direct due to drowning, 4 indirect due to a building buit of light materials collapsing on all 6 people. Only 3 survived. The rest died. In the United States Gulf Coast, the Florida Panhandle was the hardest hit with winds of 119 mph (184 km/h) reported in the areas affected by the eyewall, rainfall of 22-23 inches in the entire Panhandle except Panama City where rainfall was up to 21 inches. In the rest of the US Gulf Coast, Alabama received 19 inches of rain, Mississippi received 16-17 inches of rainfall and Louisiana received 3 inches of rainfall. There were hurricane force winds in Florida, Alabama, and Mississippi while Louisiana had tropical storm force winds. There was flooding 3 feet high in Florida while the rest had 2 feet high flooding, killing 54 people; 15 direct due to high surf and 41 indirect due to building collapses in Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, and diseases like measles in Louisiana. In Georgia and the Carolinas. Georgia and South Carolina received 15 inches of rainfall while North Carolina received 0.9 inches of rainfall. There were hurricane force winds in Georgia and tropical storm force winds in South Carolina. There was a tornado outbreak that killed 11 people in Georgia and South Carolina. The highest was an EF2 tornado in St. George, South Carolina with winds of 123 mph (200 km/h). The system caused $1.23 billion (2019 USD) in all the areas it affected and damaged.

### Hurricane Sebastien (22L)

On April 1, an area of disturbed weather formed about 30 nautical miles off the west coast of Costa Rica in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. It initially tracked northwest at 9 knots but tracked north and east-northeast in just under six hours at a speed of 11 knots. An hour after changing course, the disturbance made its first landfall over El Tránsito, Nicaragua at 19:00 UTC on the same day after formation it continued its northeast track until a high pressure area spawned over Cuba, causing the disturbance to track south on 22:00 UTC on the same day and west-southwest on April 2 at 00:00 UTC. Two hours later, it emerged back out into sea. Four hours later, the disturbance turned westward. Later that day at 18:00 UTC, it moved west-northwest. However, the system turned north and moved slowly on April 3 at 00:00 UTC due to a building ridge in the southernmost part of the Gulf of California. However, at 13:00 UTC it started its long-lived northeast movement. Shortly after moving northeast it attained gale-force winds but still remained a disturbance due to moderate wind shear of 20 knots. On April 4 at 18:00 UTC, it emerged in the Gulf of Tehuantepec. On April 5 at 01:10 UTC, it made its second landfall over Aguachil, Oaxaca, Mexico. It still maintained gale-force winds despite land interaction. Early on April 6, it emerged in the Bay of Campeche in the Atlantic Ocean. Shortly after emerging in the Bay of Campeche it lost gale-force winds but organized into Tropical Depression Twenty-two six hours later, becoming the twenty-second depression of the season. Due to its close proximity to land, it slowly strengthened. It maintained its intensity for three days until April 9 at 14:00 UTC when the depression intensified into a tropical storm north of Quintana Roo and given the next name on the list, Sebastien, becoming the eighteenth named storm of the season. It slowly strengthened due to wind shear of 15-25 knots and took a long-lived east-northeast movement. Early on April 13, Sebastien made its third landfall; first landfall as a tropical system between Nokomis and Venice and it reached its initial peak intensity at the same time with winds of 73 mph (117 km/h), just below hurricane strength. Early the following day, April 14, Sebastien emerged into the Atlantic Ocean. Despite this it weakened to winds of 53 mph (88 km/h). However, at 00:00 UTC the following day, April 15, the system started restrengthening slowly. Finally, on April 17 at 18:00 UTC, Sebastien intensified into a Category 1 hurricane, becoming the fourteenth hurricane of the season. It maintained minimal hurricane intensity for 18 hours until it begun rapidly intensifying. On April 20 at 06:00 UTC, Sebastien intensified even further into a Category 2 hurricane. The following day, April 21 at 18:00 UTC, Sebastien reached Category 3 major hurricane intensity, becoming the fourteenth major hurricane of the season. On April 23 at 19:25 UTC, the system intensified even further into a Category 4 major hurricane. Early the following day, April 24, Sebastien reached its peak intensity. On April 25 at 23:50 UTC, Sebastien underwent an eyewall replacement cycle, weakening briefly into a Category 3 but reintensfied back into a Category 4 at 03:00 UTC. Shortly after restrengthening into a Category 4, it reached its secondary peak intensity, with winds of 133 mph (213 km/h). However a second eyewall replacement cycle weakened Sebastien back into a Category 3 major hurricane. Sebastien maintained its intensity until May 7 when increasing wind shear, decreasing sea surface temperatures, and a final eyewall replacement cycle weakened the system into a Category 2 hurricane. The following day, May 8, it weakened even further into a Category 1 hurricane. On May 10, Sebastien made its fourth landfall; final tropical landfall over Fanore, Ireland with winds of 86 mph (140 km/h). Shortly after landfall, it became extratropical. It still had hurricane force winds but on May 11, it weakened to an extratropical storm. On May 12, it made its fifth landfall; first post-tropical landfall over Lake District National Park with winds of 64 mph (100 km/h). Later that day, it emerged into the North Sea and continued weakening. On May 15, it made its final landfall and post-tropical landfall over Kristiansand, Norway. It rapidly dissipated later that day.

In Central America, the precursor dumped heavy rainfall over Nicaragua, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, and Belize, bringing flooding that kileld 2 people directly. In Mexico the precursor and tropical depression dumped more rainfall than in Central America over Chiapas, Oaxaca, Guerrero, Puebla, Veracruz, Tabasco, and the Yucatan Peninsula, killing 10 people; 6 direct, 4 indirect. In America, Florida had gale-force winds and major flooding that killed 11 people; 5 direct, 6 indirect. On the US East Coast, Sebastien brought rip currents that killed 3 people directly. In Atlantic Canada, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland had hurricane force winds that killed 2 people directly. In Europe, Ireland was the hardest hit, as hurricane force winds hit the nation in which the rest of the deaths were from flooding. In the rest of the European countries affected (United Kingdom had gale force winds while the British Isles, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark had just heavy rainfall. The system caused $678 million (2019 USD) in all the areas it affected and damaged.

### Tropical Storm Tanya (23L)

On March 31, a tropical wave exited West Africa. Shortly after exiting West Africa, the wave turned northwest, slowly organizing despite moderate wind shear. On April 6 at 18:00 UTC, the wave organized into Tropical Depression Twenty-three, becoming the twenty-third depression of the season. Six hours later, it strengthened into a tropical storm and given the next name on the list, Tanya, becoming the nineteenth storm of the season despite increasing wind shear. Tanya then rapidly strengthened and on April 9 at 07:25 UTC, Tanya peaked with winds of 71 mph (112 km/h). Shortly after peak intensity, increasing wind shear finally took toll on Tanya and the system weakened into a tropical depression on April 12 at 13:00 UTC. It had maintained tropical depression intensity for three days as wind shear slowly decreased until April 15 at 23:45 UTC when the system restrengthened into a tropical storm. Shortly after being upgraded to a tropical storm, it interacted with the larger Sebastien but did not weaken or get absorbed by the larger storm. On May 19 at 03:00 UTC, Tanya reached a secondary peak intensity with the same wind speeds at its peak but a higher pressure of 995 mbar. Shortly after reaching its secondary peak, decreasing sea surface temperatures and increasing wind shear began to take toll on the system again, causing a weakening trend. Finally, on April 21 at 16:30 UTC, Tanya weakened into a tropical depressiona again. At 00:00 UTC on April 23, Tanya degenerated into a remnant low. It dissipated the following day, April 24.

In North Carolina and the Delmarva Peninsula, its outer edges killed 1 person in North Carolina due to flooding. The system caused minimal damage only.