Duke of Richmond

**Duke of Richmond** is a title in the Peerage of England that has been created four times in British history. It has been held by members of the royal Tudor and Stuart families.

The current dukedom of Richmond was created in 1675 for Charles Lennox, the illegitimate son of King Charles II of England and a Breton noblewoman, Louise de Penancoët de Kérouaille; Charles Lennox was also made **Duke of Lennox** a month later. The Duke of Richmond and Lennox was furthermore created **Duke of Gordon** in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1876, meaning that the Duke holds three dukedoms— plus, in pretence, the French Duchy of Aubigny-sur-Nère— more than any other person in the realm.

## History of the Dukedom

Prior to the creation of the Dukedom the early nobles of England associated with Richmondshire were Lords and Earls of Richmond. At times the honour of Richmond was held without a title. The Dukedom of Richmond emerged under King Henry VIII.

The **first creation** of a dukedom of Richmond (as *Duke of Richmond and Somerset*) was made in 1525 for Henry FitzRoy, an illegitimate son of King Henry VIII. His mother was Elizabeth Blount. Upon the Duke's death without children in 1536, his titles became extinct.

The **second creation** was in 1623 for Ludovic Stuart, 2nd Duke of Lennox (see Lennox (district)) (1574–1624), who also held other titles in the peerage of Scotland. He was created Earl of Richmond in 1613 and Duke of Richmond in the peerage of England in 1623 as a member of the Lennox line (not unlike King James himself) in the House of Stuart. These became extinct at his death in 1624, but his Scottish honours devolved on his brother Esmé, Earl of March, who thus became 3rd Duke of Lennox in the peerage of Scotland. Esmé's son James, 4th Duke of Lennox (1612–1655) subsequently received the **third creation** of the dukedom of Richmond in 1641, when the two dukedoms again became united. In 1672, on the death of James' nephew Charles, 3rd Duke of Richmond and 6th Duke of Lennox, both titles again became extinct.

The **fourth creation** of the dukedom of Richmond was in August 1675, when Charles II granted the title to Charles Lennox, his illegitimate son by Louise de Keroualle, Duchess of Portsmouth. Charles Lennox was further created Duke of Lennox a month later. Charles' son, also Charles, succeeded to the French title Duke of Aubigny (of Aubigny-sur-Nère) on the death of his grandmother in 1734. The 6th Duke of Richmond and Lennox was created Duke of Gordon (See Clan Gordon) in 1876. Thus, the Duke holds three (four, if the French Aubigny claim is accepted) dukedoms, more than any other person in the realm.

The subsidiary titles of the dukedom created in 1675 are *Earl of March* (created 1675), *Earl of Darnley* (1675), *Earl of Kinrara* (1876), *Baron Settrington*, of Settrington in the County of York (1675), and *Lord Torbolton* (1675).

The Dukes of Richmond, Lennox and Gordon are normally styled *Duke of Richmond and Gordon*. Before the creation of the Dukedom of Gordon they were styled *Duke of Richmond and Lennox*. The titles *Earl of March* and *Baron Settrington* were created in the peerage of England along with the Dukedom of Richmond. The titles *Earl of Darnley* and *Lord Torbolton* were created in the Peerage of Scotland along with the Dukedom of Lennox. Finally, the title *Earl of Kinrara* was created in the peerage of the United Kingdom with the Dukedom of Gordon. The eldest son of the Duke uses the courtesy title *Earl of March and Kinrara*. Before the creation of the Dukedom of Gordon, the courtesy title used was *Earl of March*.

The family seat is Goodwood House near Chichester, West Sussex.

### Dukes of Richmond (1641)

 1
 2
 3

### Dukes of Richmond (1675)

The heir apparent is Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox, Earl of March and Kinrara (b. 1994), eldest son of the 11th Duke.

## Coat of arms (full achievement)

Coat of arms of Charles Gordon-Lennox, Duke of Richmond
1876
Coronet
Coronet of a Duke
Crest
1st, a Bull's Head erased Sable horned Or; 2nd, on a Chapeau Gules turned up Ermine a Lion statant guardant Or crowned with a Ducal Coronet Gules and gorged with a Collar company of four pieces Argent charged with eight Roses Gules and the last; 3rd, out of a Ducal Coronet a Stag's Head affrontée proper attired with ten Tynes Or
Helm
Open barred helmet
Escutcheon
Quarterly: 1st and 4th grand quarters, the Royal Arms of Charles II (viz. quarterly: 1st and 4th, France and England quarterly; 2nd, Scotland; 3rd, Ireland); the whole within a bordure company argent charged with roses gules barbed and seeded proper and the last; overall an escutcheon gules charged with three buckles or (Dukedom of Aubigny); 2nd grand quarter, argent a saltire engrailed gules between four roses of the second barbed and seeded proper (Lennox); 3rd grand quarter, quarterly, 1st, azure three boars' heads couped or (Gordon); 2nd, or three lions' heads erased gules (Badenoch); 3rd, or three crescents within a double tressure flory counter-flory gules (Seton); 4th, azure three cinquefoils argent (Fraser).
Motto

The earlier dukes (creations of 1623 and 1641) bore: Quarterly 1 and 4 azure three fleurs-de-lis and a bordure engrailed Or; 2 and 3 Or a fess chequy azure and argent, a bordure gules semy of buckles Or (Stewart of Bonkyl); overall an inescutcheon of Lennox.

Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond and Somerset (creation of 1525), bore the Tudor royal arms (quarterly France and England) with a border quarterly ermine (for Brittany) and compony azure and argent (for Somerset), a baton sinister argent for bastardy, and overall an escutcheon of Nottingham.

## Family Tree

Tudor, Stewart & Lennox Family Tree: Dukes of Richmond

## See also

* Duke of Richmond and Lennox
* Duke of Lennox
* Duke of Gordon
* Duke of Aubigny
* Earl of Lichfield
* Earl of Newcastle
* Earl of Richmond
* Baron Clifton

## Notes

1. ↑ Lennox's mother was a Breton noble, and it is thought that the Richmond title was chosen to allude to the extinct Earldom of Richmond which was held between 1136 and 1384 by members of the ducal family of Brittany.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Richmond, Earls and Dukes of". *Encyclopædia Britannica*. **23** (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 306–307.

## Further reading

* Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Lennox". *Encyclopædia Britannica*. **16** (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 419–420.
* *thePeerage.com*
* Tillyard, Stella. *Aristocrats: Caroline, Emily, Louisa, and Sarah Lennox, 1740–1832*. Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1994.
* Baird, Rosemary. *Goodwood: Art and Architecture, Sport and Family*, Frances Lincoln, 2007