1986 FIFA World Cup

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Association football tournament in MexicoTemplate:SHORTDESC:Association football tournament in Mexico

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The **1986 FIFA World Cup** was the 13th FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial football tournament for men's senior national teams. It was played in Mexico from 31 May to 29 June 1986. The tournament was the second to feature a 24-team format. Colombia had been originally chosen to host the competition by FIFA but, largely due to economic reasons, was not able to do so, and resigned in 1982. Mexico was selected as the new host in May 1983, and became the first country to host the World Cup more than once, after previously hosting in 1970.

The World Cup was won by Argentina (their second title, after winning in 1978). Argentina was captained by the 25-year-old Diego Maradona, who played a large part in his team's success by scoring his "Hand of God" goal, as well as another voted the "Goal of the Century", in the same quarter-final against England. These were two of the five goals that Maradona scored during the tournament, and he also created another five for his teammates. Argentina beat West Germany 3–2 in the final at Mexico City's Estadio Azteca. Total attendance was 2,394,031, an average per match of 46,039. Canada, Denmark and Iraq made their first appearances at the final stage.

The format of the competition changed from 1982. The final pair of matches in each group started at the same time and the second round was played on a knock-out basis rather than groups. The 24 teams qualified were divided into six groups of four (A to F). The top two teams and the four best third-place finishers from the six groups advanced to the knockout round of 16 teams.
Italy were the defending champions, but were eliminated by France in the Round of 16.

The tournament saw the appearance of the Mexican wave, a spectator phenomenon which was popularised worldwide after featuring during the tournament.

## Host selection

Main article: FIFA World Cup hosts
See also: Colombian withdrawal from the 1986 FIFA World Cup
Colombia was originally chosen as hosts by FIFA in June 1974, with Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, Pereira and Bucaramanga intended as the host cities, plus potentially Barranquilla. Colombia agreed to host a 16-team competition, however, FIFA later allowed an expansion to 24 teams for the 1982 World Cup in Spain, which was more challenging for Colombia to host, although FIFA President João Havelange initially gave assurances that they could revert to a 16-team tournament. Colombian president Julio César Turbay Ayala was initially against holding the tournament in his country, but reluctantly granted permission in October 1980. Eventually, the Colombians declared on 5 November 1982 that they could not afford to host the World Cup under the terms that FIFA demanded.

Although Mexico, United States and Canada submitted bids on 11 March 1983 to be the replacement host, the five-person special FIFA committee responsible for recommending the bids to the Executive Committee (Exco) announced on 31 March that it would only consider Mexico's bid, saying the United States and Canada had "deviated" from FIFA's criteria and Exco members refused to visit Canadian and American stadium sites. On 20 May, the committee announced Mexico as the replacement hosts despite Havelange stating that the United States and Canada had made better presentations. Mexico became the first nation to host two World Cups, as it had hosted the 1970 FIFA World Cup.

The Canadian representatives criticised the committee's decision to not consider Canada, saying they had submitted a more complete bid than Mexico, and that they had been misled by the number of stadiums required for bidding. The United States' bid contained more than the required number of stadiums with the required capacity to host World Cup matches (at least 40,000 capacity, 60,000 for second-round matches and 80,000 for the tournament final). Mexico submitted a bid with 14 stadiums, only six of which seated over 40,000 at the time of the bid, and three over 60,000. Havelange in turn criticised the United States' handling of stadium selection for the football tournament at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. The Americans also pointed out that Mexico had the influence of two seats on the 22-person executive committee, a FIFA vice president and an executive at Televisa, a Mexican television network with ties to Havelange. Also working in Mexico's favour was Havelange secretly promising the broadcast rights to Televisa ahead of the vote. Following the bidding process, Henry Kissinger, the former United States Secretary of State who led the United States bid committee, remarked, "The politics of soccer make me nostalgic for the politics of the Middle East," while the leader of the Canadian committee called Mexico's 10-page bid document "a joke."

A severe earthquake in September 1985, eight months before the tournament, cast doubt over Mexico's ability to organise the event, but the stadiums were not affected and it was decided to go ahead with the preparations. As 1986 had been declared the International Year of Peace by the United Nations, the advertising boards of all the stadia displayed the FIFA and United Nations logos along with the legend "Football for Peace – Peace Year".[*citation needed*]

For the design of the logo an unofficial motto was adopted: "El Mundo Unido por Un Balón" ("The World United by a Ball").

The official match ball was the Adidas Azteca.

## Mascot

 File:1986 FIFA World Cup official Mascot.png
The official mascot of the 1986 World Cup was *Pique*, a jalapeño pepper, characteristic of Mexican cuisine, with a moustache, a Colimote sombrero, and Mexican football team colours. Its name comes from *picante*, Spanish for spicy peppers and sauces.

The character caused a degree of controversy within Mexico for its ethnic stereotypes.

## Qualification

Main article: 1986 FIFA World Cup qualification
 File:1986 world cup qualification.png
Three teams qualified for the World Cup for the first time: Canada, Denmark and Iraq. Canada clinched its spot after winning the final match against Honduras 2–1 in St. John's, Newfoundland. Iraq played all their home matches on neutral ground because of the Iran–Iraq War. South Korea qualified for the first time since 1954, Paraguay for the first time since 1958, and Portugal for the first time since 1966. As of 2016[update], this was the last time that Hungary, Canada, Iraq and Northern Ireland qualified for the finals.

## Venues

Eleven cities hosted the tournament. Seeded teams are in **bold**. The Azteca Stadium in Mexico City, the largest stadium used for the tournament, hosted 9 matches (including the final), more than any other stadium used. Mexico City hosted 13 total matches; the Olimpico Universitario Stadium hosted 4 matches. The Jalisco Stadium in Guadalajara hosted 7 matches, and the Cuauhtémoc Stadium in Puebla hosted 5 matches.

All of these venues except Monterrey were located in central Mexico, as this tournament was organized with the then-standard way of keeping teams playing in locations in close proximity to each other. Group A only played at the Olimpico and in Puebla (except for the Bulgaria-Italy opening tournament match, which was played in the Azteca), Group B only played at the Azteca and in Toluca (hosts Mexico were part of this group; they played all their group stage matches at the Azteca), Group C played in León and Irapuato, Group D only played in Guadalajara (including the Guadalajara area town of Zapopan; the last match of this group was played in Monterrey), Group E exclusively played in Querétaro and Nezahualcóyotl, and Group F played in the northern city of Monterrey (including the Monterrey area town of San Nicolas de los Garza; the last match of this group was played in Guadalajara). All of the venues listed hosted knockout round matches except the ones in Nezahualcoyotl, Irapuato, Zapopan, Toluca and the Estadio Tecnologico in Monterrey.

* *Morocco and Portugal played in Guadalajara while Spain and Algeria played in Monterrey.*

## Match officials

* Template:Country data MRI Edwin Picon-Ackong
* Template:Country data MLI Idrissa Traoré

Asia* Fallaj Al-Shanar
* Template:Country data SYR Jamal Al Sharif
* File:Flag of Japan (1870-1999).svg.png Shizuo Takada

Europe* Luigi Agnolin
* File:Flag of Austria.svg.png Horst Brummeier
* File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Valeri Butenko
* Vojtech Christov
* George Courtney
* File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg.png André Daina
* File:Flag of Bulgaria (1971–1990).svg.png Bogdan Dotchev
* Erik Fredriksson
* File:Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg.png Ioan Igna
* Jan Keizer
* File:Flag of East Germany.svg Siegfried Kirschen
* File:Flag of Hungary.svg.png Lajos Németh
* File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Zoran Petrović
* Alexis Ponnet
* Joël Quiniou
* Volker Roth
* Victoriano Sánchez Arminio
* File:Flag of Portugal.svg.png Carlos Silva Valente
* Alan Snoddy

* Antonio Márquez Ramírez
* David Socha
* Berny Ulloa Morera

Oceania* Chris Bambridge

South America* File:Flag of Brazil (1968–1992).svg.png Romualdo Arppi Filho
* File:Flag of Colombia.svg Jesús Díaz
* Carlos Espósito
* File:Flag of Paraguay (1954-1988).svg.png Gabriel González Roa
* File:Flag of Uruguay.svg.png José Luis Martínez Bazán
* Hernán Silva

## Squads

For a list of all squads that appeared in the final tournament, see *1986 FIFA World Cup squads*.

## Seeding

* Italy (1982 winners)
* West Germany (1982 runners-up)
* File:Flag of Poland.svg.png Poland (1982 third place)
* France (1982 fourth place)
* File:Flag of Brazil (1968–1992).svg.png Brazil

* File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union
* Argentina
* Spain
* File:Flag of Paraguay (1954-1988).svg.png Paraguay
* File:Flag of Uruguay.svg.png Uruguay

* Canada
* Denmark
* Template:Country data IRQ
* File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco
* File:Flag of South Korea (1949–1984).svg.png South Korea
* File:Flag of Bulgaria (1971–1990).svg.png Bulgaria
* File:Flag of Hungary.svg.png Hungary
* Northern Ireland
* File:Flag of Portugal.svg.png Portugal
* Scotland

## Summary

### First round

The first round of the finals began in Group A, where Italy were held 1–1 by Bulgaria. Meanwhile, Argentina beat South Korea 3–1, with Diego Maradona playing a major part. Italy and Argentina drew 1–1, Maradona and Alessandro Altobelli scoring. South Korea and Bulgaria also drew 1–1 in a downpour. The final set of matches saw Argentina beating Bulgaria 2–0, and Italy narrowly defeating South Korea 3–2.

In Group B Mexico beat Belgium 2–1, and despite being held 1–1 by Paraguay, they won the group after a further win over Iraq, 1–0. Paraguay and Belgium also progressed after both beating Iraq and drawing with each other.

Group C pitted a strong Soviet Union side against the reigning European champions France. They drew with each other 1–1, with a goal scored by Vasyl Rats. France beat Canada 1–0 and finished in 2nd place in the group after beating Hungary, 3–0. Hungary had earlier lost 6–0 against the Soviet Union, which won the group due to goal difference.

Group D saw Brazil start against Spain, winning 1–0 after the referee failed to validate a legal goal scored by Míchel. Northern Ireland began their campaign with a draw against Algeria. Northern Ireland were then narrowly beaten by Spain before losing to Brazil 3–0 in their final match. This match saw a goal from Josimar on his debut and was also the final time Pat Jennings played for Northern Ireland. Spain qualified along with Brazil after defeating Algeria 3–0.

Denmark, stormed through Group E, dubbed the group of death with a 100 per cent record. They beat Scotland 1–0 in their first game, then hammered Uruguay 6–1, with Preben Elkjær Larsen hitting a hat-trick. Denmark beat one of the favourites to win the tournament, West Germany, 2–0 thanks to a Jesper Olsen penalty and a goal from John Eriksen. After losing to Denmark, Scotland took the lead against West Germany thanks to a Gordon Strachan goal, but the West Germans fought back to win 2–1. After a violent 0–0 draw against Uruguay, the Scots were eliminated from the tournament. During that game José Batista of Uruguay was sent off after less than one minute of play for a foul on Strachan, a World Cup record that still stands. West Germany went through to the second round despite a loss against Denmark.

Morocco topped Group F after holding both Poland and England to goalless draws, and beating Portugal 3–1. By doing so, they became the first African team, and only the second nation from outside Europe and the Americas (after North Korea in 1966), to reach the second round. England lost 1–0 to Portugal, followed by a 0–0 draw against Morocco in which they lost captain Bryan Robson to injury (for the remainder of the tournament) and vice-captain Ray Wilkins to a red card (he was never to be selected for England again, even after having served his obligatory one-match ban). In their last first-round game, with the captaincy taken over by Peter Shilton in goal, a first-half Gary Lineker hat-trick helped the reshaped side beat Poland 3–0 – although losing yet another player to a ban for the next round, Terry Fenwick receiving his second booking of the tournament. Poland had previously beaten Portugal, and in the end the Portuguese were the only team from Group F to be eliminated in the first round. Portugal, making their first appearance in 20 years, went on strike (in the Saltillo Affair) during the competition. Players refused to train between their first and second games (against England and Poland) and were eliminated after a loss to Morocco in the final group match.

### Second round and quarter-finals

Belgium beat the Soviet Union 4–3, despite a hat-trick by the Soviets' Igor Belanov. The game was level at 2–2 after 90 minutes, and in extra time Stephane Demol and Nico Claesen put Belgium 4–2 up. Belanov scored from the penalty spot with nine minutes remaining, but neither he nor any of his team-mates could find a fourth goal for the Soviet Union. At the Olympic University Stadium in Mexico City, the European champions France ended Italy's reign as world champions with a 2–0 victory thanks to goals from Michel Platini and Yannick Stopyra. In the rematch of the 1930 FIFA World Cup Final, Argentina just edged out South American champions Uruguay in Puebla thanks to a 42nd-minute strike from Pedro Pasculli. The all-South American affair had a Diego Maradona's goal disallowed.

In Querétaro, Denmark were eliminated as they went from a 1–0 lead to a 5–1 battering against Spain; key player Frank Arnesen was suspended for the game after being sent off against West Germany in their last group match, for taking a swipe at German playmaker Lothar Matthäus. The Danes scored first, with a Jesper Olsen penalty, but they were then taken apart by a devastating performance from Butragueño of Spain, who scored four of his team's five goals. At the Azteca Stadium in Mexico City, England progressed to the quarter-finals comfortably when they saw off Paraguay 3–0, while Brazil brushed aside Poland 4–0. West Germany had a much harder time getting past Morocco, for whom goalkeeper Badou Zaki had an outstanding game. Morocco held out until the 87th minute, when Lothar Matthäus scored the only goal of the match. Mexico won 2–0 against Bulgaria with an outstanding scissor-kick goal by Manuel Negrete which is honored by a remembrance plaque at the Azteca.

In the quarter-finals, France faced three-time world champion Brazil in Guadalajara. Brazil were well on top in the early stages, and Careca put them one up after 18 minutes. Five minutes before half-time, France drew level when Michel Platini scored his 41st goal after converting a cross from Dominique Rocheteau. Brazil had a chance to regain the lead in the second half when Branco was fouled by French keeper Joël Bats in the penalty area. Zico got up to take the kick, but Bats saved Zico's penalty.

The match went to extra time, and France finished slightly the stronger of the two sides. No more goals were scored, and so it was time for a penalty shoot-out. Socrates, who had earlier missed an open goal and headed an easy chance straight into the French keeper's arms, failed with the first kick for Brazil. The next six penalties were all converted, and then Platini fired over the bar. Brazil were back on level terms – but not for long. Julio Cesar struck the post with his penalty, and Luis Fernández then scored to put France through 4–3 on penalties.

Two other quarter-finals were also decided on penalties. Jan Ceulemans put Belgium ahead against Spain in the 35th minute, but Spanish substitute Señor equalised with five minutes to go. No more goals were scored in extra time, and Belgium won the shoot-out 5–4. West Germany and Mexico drew 0–0 after extra time, and the West Germans eliminated the hosts 4–1 on penalties. As a curiosity, the German goalkeeper Harald Schumacher jumped to the right in the three Mexican penalties (stopping two of them).

The quarter-final between Argentina and England at the Azteca featured two very different goals by Diego Maradona: the first was scored illegally, as he punched the ball into the goal past England goalkeeper Peter Shilton. The referee did not see the handball and the goal was given as valid. After the game, Maradona claimed the goal was scored "A bit with the head of Maradona and another bit with the hand of God"; it became known as the "Hand of God" goal. For his second goal, voted "Goal of the Century" in 2002 on the FIFA website, Maradona dribbled half the length of the field past five English players before scoring. With 20 minutes to go, the introduction of John Barnes as a substitute changed the tide of play in England's favour, as he pinged cross after cross into the Argentine penalty area: with 9 minutes to go, Lineker got on the end of one and scored, then almost repeated the dose six minutes later but was just unable to reach the ball thanks to a timely block by Olarticoechea: 2–1 to Argentina was the final score. In Argentina, the game was seen as revenge for the Falklands War.

### Semi-finals, third-place match, and final

In the first semi-final match, Andreas Brehme put West Germany 1–0 ahead against France in the ninth minute in Guadalajara, but the outcome remained in doubt until two minutes from time when Rudi Völler made it 2–0, and West Germany were in the final for the second World Cup in succession. In the second semi-final match, Maradona struck twice in the second half as Argentina beat Belgium 2–0 at the Azteca. France went on to defeat Belgium in the third-place match, 4–2.

So it was to be the South American Argentina vs the European West Germany at the final at the Azteca, the second time this massive stadium would host a World Cup Final (the first in 1970). Jose Brown put Argentina one up midway through the first half of the final, and when Jorge Valdano scored a second for the South Americans in the 55th minute, Argentina looked to be strolling to victory. West Germany then staged a spirited comeback. Karl-Heinz Rummenigge pulled one back in the 74th minute, and six minutes later Rudi Völler hit the equaliser. With seven minutes remaining, a pass from Maradona gave Jorge Burruchaga the chance to score the winner for Argentina. Eight years on from their home triumph, Argentina regained the world title and 30 million people in Argentina celebrated in the streets after the final victory. Maradona was the Golden Ball winner as the best player of the tournament, while Gary Lineker of England won the Golden Boot as the leading scorer of the World Cup with six goals.

#### Group A

Main article: 1986 FIFA World Cup Group A

South Korea made their first appearance since 1954. They managed to score their first goal (against Argentina) and their first draw (against Bulgaria).

#### Group B

Main article: 1986 FIFA World Cup Group B

#### Group C

Main article: 1986 FIFA World Cup Group C

#### Group D

Main article: 1986 FIFA World Cup Group D

#### Group E

Main article: 1986 FIFA World Cup Group E

#### Group F

Main article: 1986 FIFA World Cup Group F

### Knockout stage

Belgium made their record place in world cup, 4th place. Argentina beat West Germany for their first time and won their second world cup.

Main article: 1986 FIFA World Cup knockout stage
Template:Round16

#### Round of 16

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15 June 198612:00 CST

Estadio Azteca, Mexico CityAttendance: 114,580Referee: Romualdo Arppi Filho (Brazil)

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15 June 198616:00 CST

Estadio Nou Camp, LeónAttendance: 32,277Referee: Erik Fredriksson (Sweden)

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16 June 198612:00 CST

Estadio Jalisco, GuadalajaraAttendance: 45,000Referee: Volker Roth (West Germany)

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16 June 198616:00 CST

Estadio Cuauhtémoc, PueblaAttendance: 26,000Referee: Luigi Agnolin (Italy)

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17 June 198612:00 CST

Estadio Olímpico Universitario, Mexico CityAttendance: 70,000Referee: Carlos Espósito (Argentina)

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17 June 198616:00 CST

Estadio Universitario, San Nicolás de los GarzaAttendance: 19,800Referee: Zoran Petrović (Yugoslavia)

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18 June 198612:00 CST

Estadio Azteca, Mexico CityAttendance: 98,728Referee: Jamal Al Sharif (Syria)

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18 June 198616:00 CST

Estadio La Corregidora, QuerétaroAttendance: 38,500Referee: Jan Keizer (Netherlands)
#### Quarter-finals

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21 June 198612:00 CST

Estadio Jalisco, GuadalajaraAttendance: 65,000Referee: Ioan Igna (Romania)

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21 June 198616:00 CST

Estadio Universitario, San Nicolás de los GarzaAttendance: 41,700Referee: Jesús Díaz (Colombia)

Main article: Argentina v England (1986 FIFA World Cup)
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22 June 198612:00 CST

Estadio Azteca, Mexico CityAttendance: 114,580Referee: Ali Bin Nasser (Tunisia)

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22 June 198616:00 CST

Estadio Cuauhtémoc, PueblaAttendance: 45,000Referee: Siegfried Kirschen (East Germany)
#### Semi-finals

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25 June 198612:00 CST

Estadio Jalisco, GuadalajaraAttendance: 45,000Referee: Luigi Agnolin (Italy)

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25 June 198616:00 CST

Estadio Azteca, Mexico CityAttendance: 114,500Referee: Antonio Márquez Ramírez (Mexico)
#### Third place match

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28 June 198612:00 CST

Estadio Cuauhtémoc, PueblaAttendance: 21,000Referee: George Courtney (England)
#### Final

Main article: 1986 FIFA World Cup Final
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29 June 198612:00 CST

Estadio Azteca, Mexico CityAttendance: 114,600Referee: Romualdo Arppi Filho (Brazil)

## Goalscorers

Gary Lineker received the Golden Boot for scoring six goals. In total, 132 goals were scored by 82 different players, with two of them credited as own goals.

6 goals
* Gary Lineker

* File:Flag of Brazil (1968–1992).svg.png Careca
* Emilio Butragueño

* Preben Elkjær Larsen
* Alessandro Altobelli
* File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Igor Belanov

* Nico Claesen
* Jesper Olsen
* Rudi Völler

2 goals

* Enzo Scifo
* File:Flag of Brazil (1968–1992).svg.png Josimar
* File:Flag of Brazil (1968–1992).svg.png Sócrates
* Jean-Pierre Papin

* Yannick Stopyra
* Fernando Quirarte
* File:Flag of Morocco.svg Abderrazak Khairi
* File:Flag of Paraguay (1954-1988).svg.png Roberto Cabañas

* Ramón Calderé
* Klaus Allofs

1 goal

* José Luis Brown
* Pedro Pasculli
* Oscar Ruggeri
* Stéphane Demol
* Erwin Vandenbergh
* Franky Vercauteren
* Daniel Veyt
* File:Flag of Brazil (1968–1992).svg.png Edinho
* File:Flag of Bulgaria (1971–1990).svg.png Plamen Getov
* File:Flag of Bulgaria (1971–1990).svg.png Nasko Sirakov
* John Eriksen
* Michael Laudrup
* Søren Lerby
* Peter Beardsley
* Manuel Amoros
* Luis Fernández
* Jean-Marc Ferreri
* Bernard Genghini

* Jean Tigana
* File:Flag of Hungary.svg.png Lajos Détári
* File:Flag of Hungary.svg.png Márton Esterházy
* Template:Country data IRQ Ahmed Radhi
* Luis Flores
* Manuel Negrete
* Hugo Sánchez
* Raúl Servín
* File:Flag of Morocco.svg Abdelkrim Merry
* Colin Clarke
* Norman Whiteside
* File:Flag of Poland.svg.png Włodzimierz Smolarek
* File:Flag of Portugal.svg.png Carlos Manuel
* File:Flag of Portugal.svg.png Diamantino
* Gordon Strachan
* File:Flag of South Korea (1949–1984).svg.png Choi Soon-ho
* File:Flag of South Korea (1949–1984).svg.png Huh Jung-moo
* File:Flag of South Korea (1949–1984).svg.png Kim Jong-boo

* File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Sergei Aleinikov
* File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Oleh Blokhin
* File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Vasyl Rats
* File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Sergey Rodionov
* File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Pavlo Yakovenko
* File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Ivan Yaremchuk
* File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Oleksandr Zavarov
* Eloy
* Andoni Goikoetxea
* Julio Salinas
* Juan Antonio Señor
* File:Flag of Uruguay.svg.png Antonio Alzamendi
* File:Flag of Uruguay.svg.png Enzo Francescoli
* Andreas Brehme
* Lothar Matthäus
* Karl-Heinz Rummenigge

Own goals
* File:Flag of Hungary.svg.png László Dajka (against the Soviet Union)
* File:Flag of South Korea (1949–1984).svg.png Cho Kwang-rae (against Italy)

## Players who were red-carded during the tournament

* Mike Sweeney
* Frank Arnesen
* Ray Wilkins
* Thomas Berthold
* Template:Country data IRQ Basil Gorgis
* Javier Aguirre
* File:Flag of Uruguay.svg.png José Batista
* File:Flag of Uruguay.svg.png Miguel Bossio

## FIFA retrospective ranking

In 1986, FIFA published a report that ranked all teams in each World Cup up to and including 1986, based on progress in the competition, overall results and quality of the opposition. The rankings for the 1986 tournament were as follows:

## References

1. ↑ "1986 FIFA World Cup Mexico – Overview". *FIFA.com*. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Archived from the original on 9 July 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2013.
2. ↑ "1986 FIFA World Cup Mexico". *FIFA.com*. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
3. ↑ "The Game that Changed the World Cup — Algeria". *algeria.com*. Retrieved 15 September 2009.
4. ↑ "Who invented the Mexican Wave?". BBC. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
5. ↑ Jackson, Andy (11 June 2010). "...Fan Crazes". FourFourTwo (Australia). Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
6. ↑ Rice, Simon (10 June 2010). "The 100 greatest World Cup moments. # 94. The Mexican Wave". *The Independent*. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Maier, Hanns J (June 1979). "1986 - World Cup without a home?". *World Soccer*. pp. 24–25.
8. ↑ "for the record SOCCER". *Detroit Free Press*. 23 October 1980.
9. ↑ Pougatch, Mark (11 January 2011). *Three Lions Versus the World: England's World Cup Stories from the Men Who Were There*. Mainstream Publishing. p. 175. ISBN 978-1-907195-59-4.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Mifflin, Lawrie (8 May 1983). "A place for soccer's World Cup". *New York Times*. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 "Mexico Is Chosen As World Cup Host". UPI. 21 May 1983. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
12. ↑ Hughes, Rob (7 September 2011). "One of FIFA's Own Speaks Out". *New York Times*. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
13. ↑ "World Cup : Draw Comes as Mexico Tries to Pick Up Pieces". *Los Angeles Times*. 15 December 1985.
14. ↑ "EARTHQUAKES IN MEXICO : World Cup Still On, Officials Say". *Los Angeles Times*. 23 September 1985.
15. ↑ "Creador del mejor logo de los mundiales: "Nadie me ha felicitado"". *ESPN.com.ar* (in Spanish). 3 September 2019. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
16. ↑ "Adidas Azteca is official match ball of World Cup 1986". *Football Balls Database*. 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
17. ↑ Snyder, John (1 September 2001). *Soccer's Most Wanted™: The Top 10 Book of Clumsy Keepers, Clever Crosses, and Outlandish Oddities*. Potomac Books, Inc. p. 247. ISBN 978-1-57488-365-7.
18. ↑ El Diego – Diego Maradona, Page 127, ISBN 0-224-07190-4
19. ↑ "1986 FIFA World Cup Mexico – Awards". *FIFA.com*. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Archived from the original on 10 December 2013. Retrieved 11 March 2013.
20. ↑ FIFA World Cup – Mexico '86: Official Report, p. 228
21. ↑ "HUNGARY – CANADA". *Planet World Cup*. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
22. ↑ "DENMARK – WEST GERMANY". *Planet World Cup*. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
23. ↑ "ENGLAND – MOROCCO". *Planet World Cup*. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 "WEST GERMANY – MEXICO". *Planet World Cup*. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
25. ↑ "IRAQ – BELGIUM". *Planet World Cup*. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
26. ↑ "SCOTLAND – URUGUAY". *Planet World Cup*. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
27. ↑ "DENMARK – URUGUAY". *Planet World Cup*. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
28. ↑ Argentina's Road to the World Title FIFA.com. page 45
29. ↑ "FIFA World Cup: Milestones, facts & figures. Statistical Kit 7" (PDF). FIFA. 26 March 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2013.

## External links

* 1986 FIFA World Cup Mexico ™, FIFA.com
* 1986 World Cup Details RSSSF
* FIFA Technical Report (Part 1), (Part 2), (Part 3) and (Part 4)

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