recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Type VIII

A Type VIII civilization would be able to exit its omniverse, and travel to other dimensions beyond 11d, each of them having complex interactions with their omniverse of origin. This is the hyperverse. They will eventually reach the multidimension and megadimension.

Hyperversal Age
 8.1
Hyperversal Manipulation Age
Hyperversal Colonization Age
 8.3
Hyperversal Multiverse Colonization Age
 8.4
Hyperversal Megaverse Colonization Age
 8.5
Hyperversal Omniverse Colonization Age
 8.6
Multidimensional Age
 8.7
Afterlife Discovery Age
 8.8
Multidimensional Colonization Age
 8.9 Megadimensional Age

**Navigation to Kardashev Type**

```
 Omniverse: Type 0 - Type I - Type II - Type III - Type IV - Type V - Type VI - Type VII
Hyperverse: **Type VIII** - Type IX
Outerverse: Type X - Type XI - Type XII - Type XIII
   Adverse: Type XIV - Type XV - Type XVI - Type XVII - Type XVIII - Type XIX
    Beyond: Type XX. This is the final official type.

```
Self-replicating systems

**Self-replicating systems** or **Von Neumann machines** are typically robotic or nanorobotic and reproduce by creating miniature copies of themselves which then grow larger over time. They may have rudimentary or more advanced artificial intelligence code to prevent self-destruction or shutdown from external sources. Systems like these can take over a planet, solar system or beyond, and this uncontrollable spread or swarm can lead to a technological singularity. Such rapid, exponential growth is also the mechanism by which viruses spread in our body.

### Goo

A nanoswarm capable of spreading and growing, particularly if it has escaped its original parameters and lost control, is commonly referred to as **goo**. These are molecular assemblers and their numbers may be many orders of magnitude more than nanobots. They tend to 'eat' or disassemble (black goo) all available material, ranging from elements like carbon (grey goo) to industrial components (khaki goo) to ecologies and biotics (green goo). They can become a nuisance or hazard, and in worst cases an uncontrollable infestation that starts with ecoregions, then the whole planet (ecophagy) then a singularity. If programmed correctly, a controlled goo can be used to clean up industrial disasters like oil spills, but it is critical to have a stopping point.

### Von Neumann probe

A von Neumann probe is a spacecraft capable of replicating itself. It would consist of:

* *Probe*: which would contain probing instruments and AI to guide the construct.
* *Life-support systems*: mechanisms to repair and maintain the construct.
* *Factory*: mechanisms to harvest resources and self-replicate.
* *Memory banks and Storage*: store programs for all its components and information gained by the probe.
* *Engine*: motor to move the probe.

### Classes:

 2
 3
 4
 5
 6

### News

* November 2021. Scientists at the University of Vermont, Tufts University, and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University created the world’s first “self-replicating living robots.”
* December 2021: Pac-Man-shaped blobs become world's first self-replicating biological robots.
Warp drive

A **warp drive** is a spaceship propulsion system allowing it to travel at speeds faster than light by many orders of magnitude. The spaceship does not actually travel faster than light but rather a high-energy warp core reactor is used to compress 4d spacetime in front of the ship (so it contracts), and decompress spacetime behind the ship (so it expands), creating a warp of spacetime and *displacing* the ship forward, propelling it along like a surfboard on an expanding wave of spacetime. This solves the special relativity dilemmas and ensures that there are ordinary velocities, there is no time dilation, and no prohibitive fuel cost.

This *Alcubierre warp drive* theory was first suggested by Miguel Alcubierre, stating that to build one would require negative energy and exotic matter, the same stuff needed to maintain stable wormholes. The IXS Enterprise is a conceptual interstellar spaceship designed by NASA scientist Dr. Harold White, using the Alcubierre drive and exotic matter. The energy required to power the warp drive approximately the negative mass–energy equivalence of Voyager 1 which is 700 kg or 63 exajoules of energy. The ship has two thick outer rings that generate the warp field—a contraction of space ahead, and expansion of space behind it. The space inside the rings is optimized to fit more space for cargo, crew and equipment.

In *Star Trek:* Federation warp drives were fueled by the reaction of matter (deuterium) and antimatter (antideuterium), which produced a highly energetic plasma, which was channeled through conduits and field-generation warp coils to create a warp field. This is a subspace displacement field which warps spacetime around the vessel, encompassing it in a subspace bubble, allowing it to "ride" in this distortion and effectively travel faster than the speed of light. The displacement "ride" had the effect of reducing the inertial mass of the spaceship, which required inertial dampers to control.

Dilithium crystals regulate the matter-antimatter annihilation rate, because they are the only form of matter known to be “porous” to antimatter. Antihydrogen atoms are threaded through the lattices of the dilithium crystals and therefore remain a fixed distance both from atoms of normal matter and one another. In this way, dilithium could regulate the antimatter density, and thus the matter-antimatter reaction rate.

This is in contrast to other faster-than-light technologies such as a jump drive where travel is in hyperspace lanes and are much faster than warp drives as you could jump from point to point down these lanes almost instantly, taking multiple jumps to get to a destination. Warp involves a measurable passage of time using an exponential scale called "warp factor" where a factor of 10 is infinite speed. Spaceships at warp velocity would continue to interact with objects in "normal space".

### News

Dec 2021. Warp drive pioneer and former NASA warp drive specialist Dr. Harold G “Sonny” White, together with the Limitless Space Institute (LSI), has reported the successful manifestation of an actual, real-world “Warp Bubble.” This is a world's first breakthrough by his LSI team.
Technogaia

**Technogaia** is a future Earth where the use of emerging and future technologies will help restore Earth's environment. This has to be achieved before mankind reaches Type I.

### Philosophy

The philosophy of creating such an Earth is called *technogaianism***.** The counter argument is that technology necessarily degrades the environment, and that environmental restoration can therefore occur only with reduced reliance on technology. Technogaians argue that technology gets cleaner and more efficient with time, and that nanotechnology and biotechnology can directly reverse environmental degradation. Molecular nanotechnology, for example, could convert garbage in landfills into useful materials and products, while biotechnology could lead to microbes that devour hazardous waste.

### Methods

#### Environmental monitoring

These include land and space-based observations on solar activity, sea level rise, the temperature of the atmosphere and the oceans, the state of the ozone layer, air pollution, and changes in sea ice and land ice.

#### Geoengineering

Climate engineering focuses on carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management to offset the effects of global warming. Carbon dioxide removal addresses a cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.

Earthquake engineering is concerned with protecting society and the natural and man-made environment from earthquakes by limiting the seismic risk to acceptable levels.

Terraforming can be done to a planet, moon, or other body by deliberately modifying its atmosphere, temperature, or ecology to be similar to those of Earth in order to make it habitable by humans.

#### Genetic engineering

The human impact on the environment could be reduced by genetically engineering humans to have, a smaller stature, an intolerance to eating meat, and an increased ability to see in the dark, thereby using less lighting.

Genetically modified foods have reduced the amount of herbicide and insecticide needed for cultivation.
Terran (Wing Commander)

**Terrans** or **Humans** are the native sentient species of Earth or Terra, and the main race that forms the Terran Confederation in the Wing Commander Universe.

During the 22nd century there was enormous public and political pressure to begin colonization of space. After various ecocatastrophes they succeeded in their expansion to the stars, meeting and warring with many alien races.
Klestarias

**Klestarias** is an elven city located on the island of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Residents are almost exclusively elves, with Eladrin making up nearly 70% of the population, while Wood Elves and Moon Elves making up the difference. It is just as breathtakingly beautiful as the legends say, however, this elven city is xenophobic; it's residents believe that they are the purest descendants of the original race of Anchora and believe that they must maintain the purity of the bloodline from those ancient ancestors. Interracial relationships are forbidden (even between elven sub-types), not so much by law, but by strong cultural conventions.

The island of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ provides everything they need to survive, so they trade with others only very rarely. The Elves of Klestarias create great works of art, music, and magic, but tend to keep their works within their own community, passing them between each other as gifts. There is no shame in "regifting", in fact quite the opposite. Some treasures have accrued a "pedigree" of sorts based on who has given the item to whom in the past - a practice which usually increases it's value rather than diminishing it.

There is only one temple in the city, an immense temple to Corellon Larethian, believed to have been the "Mother of all Elves". Within the temple, there are shrines to other deities that Corellon considers to be allies. The city leaders are both well practiced in the art of magic as well as high priests of Corellon.

Klestarias is protected by thick natural growth which has been nurtured to create an impenetrable hedge of thickets, bramble, and stone stretching out almost entirely around the city. It contains an intricate network of secret passages and paths, both within the thicket and below it, which allow the city's protectors to easily patrol the city's perimeter.
Programmable Forces/Matter

File:Omnipotent Tech (1).pdf

The purpose of programmable physics is to merge physics and metaphysics so that these concepts could be understood before breaching reality. Some uses of this would be to understand the metaphysical aspects of areas such as consciousness and magic via physics.

There is an object (physics modem) made of tachyonic computronium, zero point energy reactor, and a matter constructor (nuclear transmutation to mini particle accelerator).

This object has wormhole tendrils reaching out into the universe where it "projects" its properties through these bridges, onto little pinholes (endpoints of wormholes). These endpoints than act like the central object, allowing for programmed quasi-particles.
Type XXVII

This is an obsolete, archived page.

A **Type XXVII** civilization exists beyond the highest planes outside reality and non-reality.

They are the Gatekeepers of the Beyond. They are the Beyonders.

Type XXVII citizens live in the seventh level or tier of the Pyramid. The actuality of the Beyonders and their home is unknown and unknowable and is therefore a concept.

### Conceptual framework

The Pyramid is composed of multiple levels.

Type XXVII citizens are the doctors and medical personnel. This is the closest concept to explain the role of these citizens who make sure that Beyonders live in everlasting health and harmony.

**Navigation to Kardashev Type**

```
 Omniverse: Type 0 - Type I - Type II - Type III - Type IV - Type V - Type VI - Type VII
Hyperverse: Type VIII - Type IX
Outerverse: Type X - Type XI - Type XII - Type XIII
   Adverse: Type XIV - Type XV - Type XVI - Type XVII - Type XVIII - Type XIX
    Beyond: Type XX. This is the final official type.

```
UNSC

The **United Nations Space Command** or **UNSC**, in the Halo Universe, is the military, exploratory, and scientific agency of the Unified Earth Government commissioned in 2163. The Unified Earth Government, or UEG, is the central civilian government that administers Earth and its colonies throughout a portion of the Orion Arm of the Milky Way galaxy.

The UNSC is human and the conflict in Halo is with the The **Covenant** Empire**,** a theocratic hegemony made up of multiple alien species that maintained control over a large portion of the Orion Arm in the Milky Way galaxy.
Osirans

The **Osirans**, also called **Osirians,** were a race of powerful and intelligent humanoids of god-like power in Doctor Who. They were worshipped by many cultures across the universe, including on Earth in ancient Egypt. They were ancient, having been a major power since at least 150 million BC.

They were said to be almost as powerful as the Time Lords. They had a wide variety of advanced psychic powers, including mental and physical projection, mind control and telepathy. They could live for thousands of years and thus did not have to concern themselves with death, children, or the future, and so customarily married brother to sister.

Osiran technology was based on the mathematics of topology, positioning and shapes. They would be specially aligned to the stars in order to work. For example, the Osirans set up the Pyramids on Mars and Earth as power receivers.

They used Lodestones which were a type of time travel technology, generally embedded into a sarcophagus. These lodestones created a time tunnel, allowing the Osirans to travel backwards and forwards in time. These lodestones could draw in vortex energy, which could pull in a TARDIS.

See also:

Osiran
Plasma Weapon

Early plasma weapons released megajoules of thermal and kinetic energy from atmospheric contact with fired bolts of plasma, with secondary laser impact and electrostatic discharges.

Plasma weaponry became efficient with the advent of controlled nuclear fusion and the usage of fusion-grade fuel. They fire bolts of plasma that undergo thermonuclear fusion in-flight. This enormously amplifies the energy release at orders of magnitude higher than previous generations, at the cost of higher energy requirements.

The final advance in plasma weaponry comes with the use of magnetic monopoles. This enhances both the strength and compactness of the plasma magnetic envelope. In atmosphere, primary energy release is thermonuclear with an equivalent shock wave and heat release, with a secondary laser impact. In the vacuum of space, energy release is x-ray, with secondary laser impact. Monopole-catalyzed fusion weapons have energy yields in the fractional kiloton to multi-megaton range and due to their contained nuclear blasts have rather apocalyptic-sounding names.

An iconic weapon from Star Wars was the lightsaber which was a sword that had a plasma blade powered by a kyber crystal. It was a weapon that required skill and training, and was greatly enhanced when used in conjunction with the Force. A lightsaber could cut through virtually anything.
Type IV

A **Type IV** civilization, or K4 civilization harnesses the power of its own supercluster of galaxies, and eventually its universe of origin, and become effectively immortal. A civilization this advanced could tap into the mysterious dark matter and manipulate the basic fabric of spacetime. Their capabilities may include instantaneous matter-energy transformation, teleportation, and time travel.

They could build countless Dyson spheres that trap dark energy inside to reverse the expansion of the universe, or the Big Rip. By manipulating extra dimensions, they could create gigantic spheres where dark energy can reverse polarity so that the cosmic expansion is reversed. Outside the sphere, the universe might continue expanding exponentially, but inside the sphere, galaxies and stars evolve normally.

## Sub-Type

Universal Age
 4.1
Discovery Age
 4.2
Creator Age
* Able to create galaxies
 4.3
Instantaneous Age
 4.4
Second Universe Age
 4.5
Simulation Age
 4.6
Transfer Age
 4.7
Galactical Colonization Age
 4.8
Full Colonization Age
 4.9
Extrauniversal Age
* Entered another universe, heading towards the Multiverse Age, as civilization becomes a extra-universal species.

## Civilizations that are considered Type IV

It is the biggest ofThe inter universal chain.
**Navigation to Kardashev Type**

```
 Omniverse: Type 0 - Type I - Type II - Type III - **Type IV** - Type V - Type VI - Type VII
Hyperverse: Type VIII - Type IX
Outerverse: Type X - Type XI - Type XII - Type XIII
   Adverse: Type XIV - Type XV - Type XVI - Type XVII - Type XVIII - Type XIX
    Beyond: Type XX. This is the final official type.

```
Type XXIX

This is an obsolete, archived page.

A **Type XXIX** civilization exists beyond the highest planes outside reality and non-reality.

They are the Gatekeepers of the Beyond. They are the Beyonders.

Type XXIX citizens live in the ninth level or tier of the Pyramid. The actuality of the Beyonders and their home is unknown and unknowable and is therefore a concept.

### Concepts

The Pyramid is composed of multiple levels.

Type XXIX citizens are educators and librarians. They are the keepers and preservers of knowledge. They are consulted by all levels of the Pyramid. They have the ability to make good judgments but usually this is done in consultation with each other and in councils. They report directly to the Eye and the beings above.

**Navigation to Kardashev Type**

```
 Omniverse: Type 0 - Type I - Type II - Type III - Type IV - Type V - Type VI - Type VII
Hyperverse: Type VIII - Type IX
Outerverse: Type X - Type XI - Type XII - Type XIII
   Adverse: Type XIV - Type XV - Type XVI - Type XVII - Type XVIII - Type XIX
    Beyond: Type XX. This is the final official type.

```
Star Tug

Alexander A. Svoronos proposed the **Star Tug**, a stellar engine that combines aspects of the Shkadov thruster and Caplan engine to produce an even more powerful and efficient mechanism to move a star.

It replaces the giant parabolic mirror of the Shkadov thruster with an engine powered by mass lifted from the star, similar to the Caplan engine. However, instead of pushing a star from behind with a beam of thrust, as the Caplan engine does, it pulls the star from the front via its gravitational link to it, same as the Shkadov thruster. As a result, it only needs to produce a single beam of thrust, whereas the Caplan engine must produce two beams of thrust.

The Star Tug can, in principle, accelerate the Sun to ~27% the speed of light (after burning enough of the Sun's mass to transition it to a brown dwarf).
Nicoll-Dyson beam

James Nicoll first proposed this laser as a weapon where the satellites of a Dyson swarm surrounding a sun act as a phased array laser capable of delivering an energy payload to a planet-sized target millions of light years away. This could destroy an atmosphere or the entire planet depending on the focus of the beam, the intensity of its source sun, the size of the swarm, and the time taken to build up the energy before release.

Non-lethal uses of such a device could include propelling laser-sail craft interstellar distances.

While the Shkadov thruster runs off similar principals, its usage is to move the sun rather than release its energy at a distant target.
Lista de volúmenes/Kurumada Suikoden: Hero of Heroes

## Volumen 1

* Capítulo 02 "Fantasma del Inminente Pasado"
* Capítulo 03 "Super Star"
* Capítulo 04 "Espada Sagrada contra Espada Sagrada"
* Capítulo 05 "Sentimientos Mezclados"
* Capítulo 06 "El arcoíris que conduce a la victoria"
* Capítulo 07 "Soldado Psíquico"
* Capítulo 08 "Junto a la luz de la muerte"
* Capítulo 09 "Un hombre llamado Fénix"

## Capítulos no recopilados

* Capitulo 10 "Escrituras Divinas" - *publicado el 19 de febrero de 2015*.
* Capitulo 11 "Iliad" - *publicado el 19 de marzo de 2015*.
* Capitulo 12 "Corrección" - *publicado el 18 de abril de 2015*.
* Capitulo 13 "Castigo Divino" - *publicado el 19 de junio de 2015*.
* Capitulo 14 "El aleteo del Fénix" - *publicado el 19 de agosto de 2015*.
* Capitulo 15 "Odiseo" - *publicado el 19 de septiembre de 2015*.
* Capitulo 16 "El Genio" - *publicado el 19 de octubre de 2015*.
* Capitulo 17 "Héroe" - *publicado el 19 de diciembre de 2015*.
* Capitulo 18 "Anhelo" - *publicado el 19 de enero de 2016*.
* Capitulo 19 "Marcha Fúnebre" - *publicado el 19 de febrero de 2016*.
* Capitulo 20 "Pasión Perdida" - *publicado el 19 de marzo de 2016*.
* Capitulo 21 "Talento de Genio" - *publicado el 19 de mayo de 2016*.
* Capitulo Especial - *publicado el 19 de enero de 2020*.
Nuclear fusion

**Nuclear fusion** is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei are combined to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles (neutrons or protons). The difference in mass between the reactants and products is manifested as either the release or absorption of energy. This difference in mass arises due to the difference in atomic "binding energy" between the atomic nuclei before and after the reaction. Fusion is the natural engine that powers stars.

There is plenty of hydrogen in the oceans to sustain hydrogen fusion for millions of years at the consumption of 2kg/s. About one hydrogen in every 6000 in ordinary seawater is deuterium (a hydrogen isotope). It is estimated that if all the deuterium in Earth's seas were collected and burned in fusion power stations, it would supply all our energy needs at the present rate of consumption for the next 5-10 billion years, roughly the expected lifetime of the Sun.

A **nova reactor** can be used to generate elements heavier than iron using conditions similar to those found in a supernova, although in a smaller-scale, much more controlled way. Nova reactors do not produce net energy and so must be fed energy to achieve the insane temperatures and pressures needed for these fusion events to occur.

Muons can be used to catalyse the initiation of a fusion reaction without the need of immense pressures and temperatures. The heat generated by the reaction will then act to provide the conditions needed for further reactions. This is called cold fusion.

Spaceships, large oceanic vehicles and large energy-hungry cities use various types of fusion reactors. Plasma is preferred over antimatter as it is safer, and is confined by a magnetic field. Fusion is widely used as a power source in Type I and beyond.

In comparison, nuclear fission releases far less energy.
Sentients

**Sentients** are a species of energy based lifeforms that created the multiverse in Hot Wheels Battle Force 5.

There are two types of Sentients: Red and Blue. Blue Sentients have matter as their life-force and Red Sentients have antimatter as their life-force. They're immortal and their bodies are made of a crystalline shell that contains their antimatter. They can hibernate by transforming into small forms, which is useful as they require a large power source to subsist. If their shell breaks, their life-force escapes and they perish; however with respond chambers they can reform their bodies. Even if they're destroyed they leave behind a Hadron Allotrope which can allow them to be restored in the future.

## Politics

Most of them have a twin whose of the opposite race. They come from a twin planet system with each race inhabiting a planet. The Red and Blue sentients had been fighting each other for eons. They were originally created by rock monsters called Karmordials. However, the Sentients evolved while Karmordials stayed primitive. Eventually, the Sentients had to lock the Karmordials in the Primordiverse, a realm outside the multiverse. The Blue Sentients were nearly wiped out and Sark and Vandals ravaged both home-worlds. The Red Sentients were placed in stasis for billions of years. The Blue Sentients uploaded their minds into Sage and left their shells behind. Five Red Sentients were put in stasis by the Sark leader Zemerik. Sage barely evaded capture for eons and over time the Multiverse became unstable. Fortunately, Sage managed to form a team of drivers to save the universe and fight off The Sark, Vandals and Red Sentients who ascended after escaping Zemerik. Sage's team, known as Battle Force 5 restored the Blue Sentient civilization and made peace with the Red Sentients. Then, they foiled an attack by the Karmordials and the leader of Battle Force 5 resigned.
Ocean Spiral

Shimizu Corp plans an underwater city called Ocean Spiral powered by the seabed. Shimizu says Ocean Spiral will "capitalise on the infinite possibilities of the deep sea" to accommodate human life, as rising sea levels threaten the survival of island communities.

The ambitious structure will be divided into three sections. A floating sphere with a diameter of 500 metres, located just beneath the surface of the sea, will house business and residential zones and hotels. The pod will be connected to a 15km-long spiral path that winds its way to the ocean floor 3-4km below the surface. There, scientists will explore ways to excavate energy resources from the seabed.

Ultimately, Shimizu envisages an eco-friendly underwater city sustained by energy brought up from an “earth factory” on the ocean floor. The factory will use micro-organisms to turn carbon dioxide into methane, while power generators located along the ocean spiral will use differences in seawater temperatures to create additional energy – a process known as ocean thermal energy conversion. Desalinated water produced using hydraulic pressure will be pumped into the residential pod.

The idea of creating communities in the sea resonates in Japan, where land-based communities are at risk from large earthquakes and tsunamis.

Among Shimizu’s other ambitious projects are a lunar base, a hotel in space and floating botanical cities.

### Future of Oceanic Cities

Multiple Spirals could be connected by underwater transparent tunnels in which vactrains move passengers from one underwater city to another. Not only could the tunnels be transparent, but so to could be the domes, making for spectacular sight-seeing. People living in these underwater cities or taking a ride on the maglev train through those transparent tunnels could witness oceanic lifeforms and an array of amazing architecture.
Universal Constructors

The **Universal Constructors** are descendants of machines created by humans of an alternate time line of the Time Ships Universe. In this timeline, humans from an alternate 1944 were stranded in the Palaeocene era, and thus had far more time to evolve than humans of our time period. These humans built machines with artificial intelligence to explore the stars. This exploration continued long after the extinction of humanity, with the machines continuing on in their search for knowledge. This eventually culminated in the creation of the Time Ships, largely made of Constructors themselves, with a goal of exploring back to the beginnings of our universe.

They colonized their whole multiverse.
Richard Bradley

Richard Bradley made a proposal on Kardashev scale theory and called it the Bradley Formula.

## C=PSTEI

Civilization or Scale = Power output, Sprawl, Technology, Efficiency, Intelligence

Each is assigned points as factors of ability upon the scale, 5 points will only equal a K1 civilization but it means a society can become K2 even if lacking in the areas of technology by compensating in another.

## Points by Scale

Power output

1. Anti-matter fission
2. Hyper dimensional fission
3. Inter-phased fission

Sprawl

1. Subspace physics
2. Multi dimensional physics
3. Subatomic 5d fields

Technology

1. Nano technology
2. Mega-structure construction
3. Hyper-geometry

Efficiency

1. High energy distribution
2. Moleculartronics

Intelligence

1. Genetic mutation
2. Archailect
3. Trans Genetics

Warning: This page needs a citation.

**This page is a candidate for deletion.**

*Remember to check what links here and the page history before deletion.*
Nova

A **nova** is an astronomical event that creates a bright "new" star that slowly fades over several weeks. They are created in a close binary star system consisting of a white dwarf and either a main sequence, subgiant, or red giant star. When the white dwarf is close enough to its companion star, it is thermally heated by the hot white dwarf and this eventually causes rapid runaway fusion and the death of the progenitor star. This is seen as visible light during the nova event and used to be mistaken as a "new" star.

 Hypernova | 1045 W
Chapitre 4 : Limites de fonctions

## Limites de fonctions

Voici ce qu'il y a d'important à savoir sur le chapitre des **limites de fonctions**en Maths.

Si vous avez des questions, n'hésitez pas à les poser en commentaires :)

### Théorème de la bijection

Note : On peut aussi l'appeler le ***théorème des valeurs intermédiaires***.

## Vidéos

*Voici quelques vidéos expliquant cette partie du cours, pour vous aider à mieux comprendre si nécessaire.*

*Bon... Pour l'instant cette section est vide... :/ Je n'ai pas de vidéos en tête maintenant, mais si vous en avez que vous voudriez partager, n'hésitez pas à en faire part ^^*
Chapitre 1 : Probabilités

## Probabilités

Voici ce qu'il y a d'important à savoir sur le chapitre des **probabilités** en Maths.

Si vous avez des questions, n'hésitez pas à les poser en commentaires :)

## Vidéos

*Voici quelques vidéos expliquant cette partie du cours, pour vous aider à mieux comprendre si nécessaire.*

*Bon... Pour l'instant cette section est vide... :/ Je n'ai pas de vidéos en tête maintenant, mais si vous en avez que vous voudriez partager, n'hésitez pas à en faire part ^^*
Aide

Cette page est une page d'aide, vous montrant comment modifier et améliorer une page.

## Mise en page

Pour justifier, insérer le texte au début du paragraphe.

```
<p style="text-align:justify;">
```

Et fin de paragraphe.

```
</p>
```

## Textes en couleur

Pour mettre de la couleur, insérer ce texte ci-dessous :

```
<span style="color:#couleur">texte</span>
```

Exemple :

```
<span style="color:#FF4500">Wiki Terminale S1</span>
```

--> Wiki Terminale S1

Voir aussi Aide:Couleur *(Ce site utilise les mêmes codes couleurs que Wikipédia)*

## Surligner le texte

Pour surligner, insérer ce texte ci-dessous :

```
<span style="background-color:#couleur du fond; color:#couleur du texte;">texte</span>
```

Exemple :

```
<span style="background-color:#FFFF00; color:#black;">Veuillez respectez le style des pages !</span>
```

--> Veuillez respectez le style des pages !

## Pour plus d'informations

Si vous souhaitez obtenir plus d'informations sur comment créer une page et sur la mise en forme, allez visiter le site suivant : Centre de communauté Wikia Fandom.
Chapitre 3-3 : Une gouvernance économique mondiale depuis le G6 de 1975

## Voir aussi

### Cours précédent

Une gouvernance européenne depuis le traité de Maastricht (chapitre 3, partie 2)

### Cours suivant

/

Il s'agit de la troisième et dernière grande partie du chapitre : ***Les échelles de gouvernement dans le monde***.

## Les points essentiels

### 1. Les acteurs et les Organisations

* **Etats**
	+ G6 en 1975 -> G7 en 1976 -> G8 en 1998 + G20 en 1999
	+ BRIC en 2009 -> BRICS en 2011
* **Institutions**
	+ OMC : libéralisation des biens, des services et régule les commerciaux
	+ FMI
	+ ONU : grandes conférences comme celle à Rio en 1992, ou encore le "Sommet de la Terre" en 1997 à Kyoto.
* **Défenseurs d'intérêts privés**
	+ FTN
* **Citoyens, ONG...**
	+ ONG
	+ Syndicats
	+ Associations
	+ Mouvements de protestations (alter-mondialistes, FSM...)
* **Organisations régionales**
	+ MERCOSUR
	+ ALENA

#### 2. Débats et limites

* Remise en cause de l'interventionnisme des Etats
* Multiples critiques concernant les organisations :
	+ G8 surnommé "club des riches"
	+ FMI, on lui reproche d'aggraver la pauvreté par sa rigueur
	+ GATT, on lui reproche de ne pas empêcher le protectionnisme
	+ G20 : représente des intérêts trop divergents
	+ OMC, dont le nombre croissant des pays membres rend la prise de décision difficile : "paralysie de l'OMC"
	+ Tiers-Monde s'est opposé à la gouvernance mondiale, en 1955 lors de la conférence de Bandung et en 1964 pour la création du G77
* Développement de l'alter-mondialisme : critique les conséquences sociales et environnementales du libéralisme imposé par les pays du Nord et les organisations internationales.
* Victime d'un système déréglé : phénomène d’interdépendance entre les pays, leur croissance dépendante des investissements à l'étranger... -> si une crise éclate, elle toucherait tous les pays.

## Définitions

* **G6 :** groupe de 6 pays (France, RFA, Italie, Royaume-Uni, Etats-Unis et Japon), organisé à Rambouillet. C'était la 2ème puissance économique mondiale. Ils avaient pour but de trouver des issues aux difficultés monétaires + trouver des solutions pour la crise pétrolière => pour échanger, se concerter dans le domaine économique.

## Pour aller plus loin...

Voici maintenant quelques documents que vous pouvez consulter pour en savoir encore plus sur ce chapitre.

*(Elle concerne tout ce qui est : journaux, livres, films... concernant ce chapitre, donc si vous avez des propositions à faire, n'hésitez pas à les rajouter ici ^^)*
Chapitre 4 : Un regard sur l'évolution de l'Homme

## Place de l'Homme dans le règne animal

* **Eucaryote** : ADN inclus dans le noyau à l'intérieur des cellules
* **Vertébré** : présence d'une colonne vertébrale
* **Tétrapode** : présence de membres pairs
* **Amniote** : embryon se développe dans un **amnios** *(="poche" dans laquelle se développe l'embryon)*
* **Mammifère** : présence de poils et allaitement des petits
* **Primate** : cortex visuel développé et **pouce opposable** *(=pas dans l'alignement des autres doigts)*
* **Hominoïde** : absence de queue ; gorille, chimpanzé, orang-outan, gibbon et **lignée humaine** *(=Homme actuel + ses ancêtres)*
* **Hominidé** : caractéristique moléculaire ; lignée humaine, gorille et chimpanzé
* **Homininé** : caractéristique moléculaire ; lignée humaine et chimpanzé

## I. Place de l'Homme parmi les primates

Avec des études faites sur différentes échelles (données anatomiques, moléculaires et chromosomiques), on peut arriver à déterminer l'espèce la plus apparentée à l'Homme, à savoir le **chimpanzé**, avec qui nous partageons 93 à 94% de notre génome en commun.

**Remaniements chromosomiques :** expliquent les différences entre les chromosomes humains et ceux des autres primates. Il y a 4 types de remaniements chromosomiques :

* **Fusion :** chromosome 2 humain issu de la fusion entre deux chromosomes différents des autres primates
* **Fission :** cassure du chromosome 2 humain en deux chromosomes différents chez les autres primates
* **Translocation :** déplacement d'un fragment de chromosome d'une paire à une autre
* **Inversion :** conservation du même fragment de chromosome mais dans l'autre sens.

## II. Différences Homme / Chimpanzé

### 1. Distinction entre l'Homme et le Chimpanzé

Chez l'Homme :

* trou occipital centré
* bassin court et large
* fémurs orientés vers l'intérieur

=> Bipédie avec **aptitude à la course à pied**

### 2. Origine de ces différences

Le crâne foetus de l'Homme et celui du Chimpanzé sont quasiment identiques. Mais le développement du crâne est différent :

* celui de l'Homme évolue plus lentement → n'obtient pas toutes les caractéristiques des primates
* celui du Chimpanzé évolue "normalement" pour des primates

**Hétérochronie :** modification de la durée et de la vitesse de développement de l'organisme au cours de l'évolution, du fait de mutations de gènes du développement.

**Néoténie :** conservation de caractères juvéniles *(=caractères jeunes)* chez les adultes d'une espèce.

## III. La lignée humaine

Tableau de l'évolution de l'Homme à venir...
Zero-point energy

**Zero-point energ**y (ZPE) is the lowest possible energy that a quantum mechanical system may have. The quantum foam is made up of fluctuating fields comprised of matter fields, whose quanta are fermions, and gravitational and force fields, whose quanta are bosons, and this foam has ZPE.

The Third Law of Thermodynamics states that as a system approaches absolute zero, all processes cease and the entropy of the system approaches a minimum value. The entropy of a pure and perfectly crystalline substance is zero when the temperature is reduced to absolute zero with the new laws of physics. The old law states that all motion stops at absolute zero. However, quantum mechanical *zero-point motion* allows systems in their lowest possible energy state (i.e. ground state) to have a probability of being found over extended regions of space. Thus, two atoms bonded together are not separated by some unvarying distance but can be thought of as undergoing rapid vibration with respect to each other, even at absolute zero. Instead of stating that the atom is motionless, we say that it is in a state from which no further energy can be removed; the energy remaining is called zero-point energy.

A vacuum is space without matter but it has ZPE fluctuations called the quantum foam and this provides a vacuum with *vacuum energy*, a special case of zero-point energy.

Zero-point radiation of a vacuum is many orders of magnitude greater than nuclear fission energy, with a single light bulb containing enough energy to boil all the world's oceans.

The relationship between electromagnetic energy, ZPE and dark energy is only understood by Type I civilizations.

Type II civilizations can use ZPE to build Dark Energy reactors, which together with Dark Energy makes their output many orders of magnitude greater than nuclear fusion energy.

Examples:

* In Stargate the Zero Point Module (ZPM) is a power source that extracts vacuum energy from the multiverse.
* In Half-Life the Gravity Guns (Zero Point Energy Field Manipulators) and Dark Energy reactors use Dark Energy and ZPE.
The Brain Beyond

This is an obsolete, archived page.

The **Brain** controls The Eye and all that happens in the Pyramid. The Brain makes the decisions and the Eye carries them out.

The Brain is the source and is responsible for the Beyond which exists as an infinitely repeating series of thought constructs and projections. All Beyonders are privy to this impossibly complex thought network which originates from the Brain.

The Brain has deemed that all systems of morality and science have converged into a *truth singularity*. This is the true meaning of existence. All of the cosmos outside the Beyond, at the macroscopic and microscopic levels, is known and understood by the ultimate *truth*. Everything inside is seen by individuals within the Pyramid, overseen by the Eye, and controlled by the Brain.

It is not yet known what sort of structure the Brain is, or whether it belongs to an impossibly large entity. The Brain is merely a concept to lower level citizens, as is everything in the Beyond.

**Navigation to Kardashev Type**

```
 Omniverse: Type 0 - Type I - Type II - Type III - Type IV - Type V - Type VI - Type VII
Hyperverse: Type VIII - Type IX
Outerverse: Type X - Type XI - Type XII - Type XIII
   Adverse: Type XIV - Type XV - Type XVI - Type XVII - Type XVIII - Type XIX
    Beyond: Type XX. This is the final official type.

```
Chapitre 3-2 : L'Afrique, les défis du développement

## Chapitre 3 *(Partie 2)*

Le continent africain

Il s'agit de la deuxième grande partie du chapitre : ***Dynamiques géographiques de grandes aires continentales***.

## Les points essentiels

### Etude de cas : le Sahara

#### 2. Un ensemble politiquement fractionné, mais parcouru par un nombre croissant de flux de circulation

*(à venir)*

### II. ??

#### 1. Un continent qui souffre d'importants problèmes de développement et qui a été longtemps en marge de la mondialisation

*(à venir)*

## Pour aller plus loin...

Voici maintenant quelques documents que vous pouvez consulter pour en savoir encore plus sur ce chapitre.

*(Elle concerne tout ce qui est : journaux, livres, films... concernant ce chapitre, donc si vous avez des propositions à faire, n'hésitez pas à les rajouter ici ^^)*
Wiki Terminales S1 SPSP

# *Bienvenue sur le wiki des Terminales S1 !*

## Présentation

Ce wiki a été créé par les élèves de la classe de Terminale Scientifique 1 du lycée Saint Pierre Saint Paul de Dreux. Ici sont regroupés tout ce que vous devez savoir des cours : fiches de révision, dates importantes en histoire, formules de physique et de maths... Tout est présent ici !

Bien évidemment, tous élèves de la classe peuvent contribuer aux pages, faire des commentaires, parler dans les chats ou poser des questions dans les Discussions :D
Même ceux qui n'ont pas de compte Wikia Fandom peuvent modifier les pages, en appuyant tout simplement sur le bouton "Modifier" en haut à droite ^^
Vous avez même la possibilité de créer des sondages, réunir des vidéos explicatives, des liens sur les Annabacs... Bref, tant de choses à faire !

Je ne vais pas vous faire la liste exhaustive de toutes les possibilités, car sinon on y est encore demain... !

En tout cas, si vous avez des questions, n'hésitez pas à me les poser.
Pour me trouver, voici le lien de mon profil : Mangafilm8.

Sur ce, je vous souhaite une bonne navigation sur ce petit berceau de connaissances...

-- Gabrielle *(alias Mangafilm8)*

### **Matières obligatoires**

Mathématiques
Science Physique - Chimie
Science de la Vie et de la Terre (S.V.T.)
Anglais
Allemand
Espagnol
Philosophie
Histoire
Géographie

### **Spécialités**

Mathématiques
Science Physique - Chimie
Science de la Vie et de la Terre (S.V.T.)
Informatique et Science du Numérique (I.S.N.)

### **Options**

Chinois
Latin
Grec
DNL ~ Histoire / Géographie
DNL ~ Physique-Chimie
Arts Plastiques

**Informations importantes**

*Ici seront rassemblées toutes les informations importantes de diverses natures, concernant le lycée, la classe... Si vous en avez à communiquer, vous pouvez me le dire et je les mettrai ici ^^*

**Petit +**
Voici un site (peut-être que certains d'entre vous connaissent) qui propose des quiz fort sympathiques sur tous les sujets de toutes les matières. Vous n'avez pas besoin d'être inscrit pour les faire, c'est ça qui est bien ^^

Sur ce site, vous pouvez également avoir accès à plein d'autres informations intéressantes :)

Le lien : digischool (quiz)

**Pages spéciales**

* Aide
* Pages les plus demandées
* Toutes les pages
* Statistiques
* Billets de blog

**Activité récente**
Time Machine (DeLorean)

The **DeLorean time machine** was Dr. Emmett Brown's most successful invention in the Back to the Future Universe. It was a plutonium-powered time travel machine comprised of a DeLorean DMC-12 sports car that had to reach 88 miles per hour in order to time travel.

A *Flux Capacitor* was a core component of his time travel machines, stating that "it is what makes time travel possible." Its prototype was a temporal field capacitor able to send objects through time, but only during the lifespan of the device and only forward through time, as sending objects even a few minutes into the past would cause a buildup of flux energy and explode. This problem was solved by the flux capacitor, allowing time travel to the future, as well as the past.

In order to travel through time, the vehicle integrated with the flux capacitor needed to be traveling at 88 miles per hour, and required 1.21 gigawatts of power, originally supplied by a plutonium-powered nuclear fusion reactor. Later more time travel machines were created: the Jules Verne Train, a time parachute, and the second DeLorean time machine.
Chapitre 2 : Dérivation

## Dérivation de fonctions

Voici les informations essentielles concernant le chapitre sur la **dérivation de fonctions** en Maths.

Si vous avez des questions, n'hésitez pas à les poser en commentaires :)

## Vidéos

*Voici quelques vidéos expliquant cette partie du cours, pour vous aider à mieux comprendre si nécessaire.*

*Bon... Pour l'instant cette section est vide... :/ Je n'ai pas de vidéos en tête maintenant, mais si vous en avez que vous voudriez partager, n'hésitez pas à en faire part ^^*
Giant

**Giants** are humanoid creatures, usually of great strength and size. Most giants have vision equivalent to that of a human, though some have the capacity to see well in low light or total darkness as well. As a group, they have no other special abilities. They are immune to almost all diseases, and have a slight resistance to poison. Most giants have superior senses to most humans. In general they can see and hear twice as well.

## Physical Description

The appearance of giants varies according to the type of giant but they are generally humanoid in appearance, just much larger. Their bone structure is more dense than that of humans, giving them extra toughness but slowing them down a little.

## Ecology

A female giant has a pregnancy of between nine and fifteen months, depending on the type of giant. Their offspring will reach maturity in around fifty years.

Although their ancestors were immortal, giants' life spans are getting shorter and shorter with each generation. Giants in modern Aechora have a life expectancy of between 300 and 400 years, although there are thousand-year-old giants still alive. Because their lifespans are so much longer than humans, giants are slow to make decisions and will not be rushed.

## Beliefs

Giants have a different sense of good and evil than most other creatures. A "good" act for a giant is an act that honors a giant's deity or family, displays bravery, or honors another "good" giant, regardless of the consequences. An "evil" act is one of cowardice, stealing, betraying a giant's deity, family or trust, or an act that forces a giant from its natural terrain type.
Chapitre 3-3 : L'Asie du Sud et de l'Est, les enjeux de la croissance

## Chapitre 3 *(Partie 3)*

Globe terrestre, zoom sur l'Asie

Il s'agit de la troisième et dernière grande partie du chapitre : ***Dynamiques géographiques de grandes aires continentales***.

## Les points essentiels

### I. Les défis de la population et de la croissance

*Quelles relations existe-t-il entre la démographie, la croissance économique et le développement dans l'espace le plus peuplé du monde ?*

### III. Des concurrences, mais aussi des complémentarités

*Quelles sont les formes de concurrence et de complémentarité entre la Chine et le Japon en Asie du Sud et de l'Est ?*

## Pour aller plus loin...

Voici maintenant quelques documents que vous pouvez consulter pour en savoir encore plus sur ce chapitre.

*(Elle concerne tout ce qui est : journaux, livres, films... concernant ce chapitre, donc si vous avez des propositions à faire, n'hésitez pas à les rajouter ici ^^)*
Satellite

An **artificial satellite** is an object that has been intentionally placed into orbit (as opposed to a natural satellite such as Earth's Moon).

In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1. Since then, about 8,900 satellites from more than 40 countries have been launched. Currently, about 5,000 remain in orbit, with about 1,900 operational. The largest satellite is the International Space Station. Starlink hopes to eventually launch 42,000 satellites.

Satellites are used for many purposes. Attaching space telescopes, they can be used to make star maps and maps of planetary surfaces. Common types include observation, communications, navigation, and weather satellites. Space stations and spacecraft in orbit are also satellites.

Satellites are in geocentric orbit:

* Low Earth orbit (LEO) - ranging in altitude from 160 km (circular orbital speed at 8,000 metres per second) to 2,000 km
* Medium Earth orbit (MEO) - altitudes between 2,000 km and 35,786 km
* Geosynchronous orbit (GEO) - altitude of 35,786 km, with orbital speed at 3,000 metres per second
* High Earth orbit (HEO) - higher than that of the geosynchronous orbit