recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Dia

Dia as seen by the Canada-France-Hawaii telescope in 2001.

**Dia**, designated as **Jupiter LIII**, is a small irregular satellite of Jupiter that is in the Himalia Group. Similarly to most moons of Jupiter discovered past 2000, not much is really known about it, and the moon itself is fairly small with an estimated diameter of 2.5 miles.

## Discovery

Dia was discovered after Scott S. Sheppard and a team of astronomers in the year 2000, which lasted for 26 days. However, no trace of Dia was found 12 years after its discovery before it was rediscovered on September 11, 2012. It was later given its name 3 years later in 2015 by the IAU.

## Appearance & Size

No images exist of Dia’s surface, but it may look similar to other objects within the Himalia Group, referencing off images of Himalia and Elara. Assuming most moons in the group are very small, Dia is no exception to this, being only around 2.5 miles in diameter, making it the 4th smallest moon in the group, only after Pandia, S/2011 J 3, and S/2018 J 2.

## Orbit

Dia is the farthest away moon from Jupiter that’s within the Himalia group, with a semi-major axis of around 7.5 million miles. Its orbit is inclined to 28.23°, and has an eccentricity of 0.211, making it inclined and eccentric like most of Jupiter’s other moons. This additionally makes it the 18th closest moon to Jupiter.
Kari

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**Kari** or **Saturn XLV** is a natural satellite of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on 26 June 2006 from observations taken between January and April 2006.

## Kari

Image of Kari taken by Cassini in May 2017

## Physical Characteristics

### Synodic Rotation Period

7.7 h

Kari is about ~7 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 22,305,100 km in 1243.71 days, at an inclination of 148.4° to the ecliptic (151.5° to Saturn's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.3405.
Alvaldi

**Alvaldi**, provisionally known as **S/2004 S 35**, is a natural satellite of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, and Jan Kleyna on October 8, 2019 from observations taken between December 12, 2004 and February 25, 2006.

## Designations

### Alternative Names

Saturn LXV
S/2004 S 35
S5801a2

## Physical Characteristics

### Diameter

5 km

It was given its permanent designation **Saturn LXV** in August 2021 and given its official name 1 year later.

Alvaldi is about ~6 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 22.412 Gm in 1253.08 days, at an inclination of 177° to the ecliptic, in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.194.
Charon

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**Charon**, also known as **(134340) Pluto I**, is the largest of the five known natural satellites of the dwarf planet **Pluto**. It has a mean radius of 606 km (377 mi). Charon is the sixth-largest known trans-Neptunian object after Pluto, Eris, Haumea, Makemake and Gonggong. It was discovered in 1978 at the United States Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C., using photographic plates taken at the United States Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station (NOFS).

## Charon

Charon in true color, imaged by New Horizons

## Designations

### Adjectives

Charonian
Charontian
Charonean

## Physical Characteristics

### Temperature

−220 °C

With half the diameter and one eighth the mass of Pluto, Charon is a very large moon in comparison to its parent body. Its gravitational influence is such that the barycenter of the Plutonian system lies outside Pluto, and the two bodies are tidally locked to each other.

The reddish-brown cap of the north pole of Charon is composed of tholins, organic macromolecules that may be essential ingredients of life. These tholins were produced from methane, nitrogen and related gases which may have been released by cryovolcanic eruptions on the moon, or may have been transferred over 19,000 km (12,000 mi) from the atmosphere of Pluto to the orbiting moon.

The *New Horizons* spacecraft is the only probe that has visited the Pluto system. It approached Charon to within 27,000 km (17,000 mi) in 2015.
486958 Arrokoth

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This page is to be fixed and paraphrased under the project's guidelines. Please do not remove this tag until the project has ended.**Incomplete**

Please do not remove this tag, unless the page has been completed. You can help the wiki by finishing it.

486958 Arrokoth (provisional designation 2014 MU69; formerly nicknamed Ultima Thule) is a trans-Neptunian object located in the Kuiper belt.

## Designation and Discovery

### Alternate Designations

(486958) 2014 MU69Ultima Thule (unofficial)1110113YPT1

Arrokoth became the farthest and most primitive object in the Solar System visited by a spacecraft when the NASA space probe New Horizons conducted a flyby on 1 January 2019. Arrokoth is a contact binary 36 km (22 mi) long, composed of two planetesimals 21 and 15 km (13 and 9 mi) across, that are joined along their major axes. With an orbital period of about 298 years and a low orbital inclination and eccentricity, Arrokoth is classified as a cold classical Kuiper belt object.

Arrokoth was discovered on 26 June 2014 by astronomer Marc Buie and the New Horizons Search Team using the Hubble Space Telescope as part of a search for a Kuiper-belt object for New Horizons to target in its first extended mission; it was chosen over two other candidates, 2014 OS393 and 2014 PN70, to become the primary target of the mission.
Calypso

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**Calypso** is a prograde regular moon of Saturn. It was discovered in 1980, from ground-based observations, by Dan Pascu, P. Kenneth Seidelmann, William A. Baum, and Douglas G. Currie, and was provisionally designated **S/1980 S 25**. It is also provisionally designated as: **S/1980 S 29**, **S/1980 S 30**, **S/1980 S 32**, and **S/1981 S 2**. . It is also permanently designated as **Saturn XIV** or **Tethys C**.

## Discovery

### Discovered by

Dan Pascu
P. Kenneth Seidelmann
William A. Baum
Douglas G. Currie

## Designations

### Adjectives

Calypsoan
Calypsonian

### Alternative Names

Tethys C
S/1980 S 25
S/1980 S 29
S/1980 S 30
S/1980 S 32
S/1981 S 2

## Physical Characteristics

### Mean Density

0.5 g/cm³

Calypso is a Trojan moon of Tethys, together with Telesto.
Aegir

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**Aegir**, also **Saturn XXXVI** (provisional designation **S/2004 S 10**), is a natural satellite of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on May 4, 2005, from observations taken between December 12, 2004, and March 11, 2005.

## Discovery

### Discovered by

Scott S. Sheppard
David C. Jewitt
Jan Kleyna

## Physical Characteristics

### Diameter

6 km

Aegir is about ~6 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 19,618 Mm in 1025.908 days, at an inclination of 167° to the ecliptic, in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.237.

Aegir is one of the 100 members of the Norse group, a big collection of retrograde natural satellites of Saturn that orbits in the opposite direction from its rotation.
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10 Hygiea

**This Object is a Dwarf Planet Candidate**
It has not been given dwarf planet status due to the following reasons:
• It does not has sufficient mass or diameter.
• It has not assumed hydrostatic equilibrium.**This page/section has been marked for fixing under Project/Paraphrase**
This page is to be fixed and paraphrased under the project's guidelines. Please do not remove this tag until the project has ended.**Hygiea** (minor-planet designation: **10 Hygiea**) is a major asteroid and possible dwarf planet located in the main asteroid belt. With a diameter of 434

## Orbit Data

### Aphelion

3.4948 AU

kilometers (270 mi) and a mass estimated to be 3% of the total mass of the belt, it is the fourth-largest asteroid in the Solar System by both volume and mass. In some spectral classifications it is the largest of the dark C-type asteroids with a carbonaceous surface, whereas in others it is second after 1 Ceres.

Observations taken with the Very Large Telescope's SPHERE imager in 2017 and 2018, and announced in late 2019, revealed that Hygiea is nearly spherical and is close to a hydrostatic equilibrium shape. The authors of the study therefore consider it a possible dwarf planet. However, Hygiea is conjectured to have been disrupted by an impact, with the subsequent debris reaccumulating, rather than being massive enough to be plastic. The disruptive impact produced the largest known collisional family.
Hermippe

**Hermippe**, or **Jupiter XXX**, is an irregular natural satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by Institute for Astronomy of the University of Hawaii led by David Jewitt and Scott S. Sheppard and Jan Kleyna in 2001 along with its separate moon member, Eurydome, and given a provisional designation **S/2001 J 3**.

## Hermippe

Image of Hermippe by Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope in December 2001

## Discovery

### Discovered by

Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan T. Kleyna

## Physical Characteristics

### Diameter

4 km

Hermippe is about ~4 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 21.5 million kilometers in about 630 days, at an inclination of 151° to the ecliptic, in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.2290.

Hermippe belongs to the Ananke group, retrograde irregular moons in which orbit Jupiter in the opposite direction to Jupiter's rotation.
Gerd

**Gerd**, provisionally known as **S/2004 S 25**, is a natural satellite of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, and Jan Kleyna on October 7, 2019 from observations taken between December 12, 2004 and March 22, 2007.

## Designations

### Alternative Names

Saturn LVII
S/2004 S 25

## Physical Characteristics

### Diameter

4 km

Gerd is about ~4 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 21.174 Gm in 1150.69 days, at an inclination of 173° to the ecliptic, in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.442.

It received its permanent designation **Saturn LVII** in August 2021 and given its official name 1 year later.
Pasiphae

**This page/section has been marked for fixing under Project/Paraphrase**
This page is to be fixed and paraphrased under the project's guidelines. Please do not remove this tag until the project has ended.**Pasiphae** /pəˈsɪfeɪ.iː/, formerly spelled **Pasiphaë**, is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered in 1908 by Philibert Jacques Melotte and later named after the mythological Pasiphaë, wife of Minos and mother of the Minotaur from Greek legend.

## Orbit Data

### Semi-major Axis

0.1551422 AU

The moon was first spotted on a plate taken at the Royal Greenwich Observatory on the night of 28 February 1908. Inspection of previous plates found it as far back as January 27. It received the provisional designation **1908 CJ**, as it was not clear whether it was an asteroid or a moon of Jupiter. The recognition of the latter case came by April 10.

Pasiphae did not receive its present name until 1975; before then, it was simply known as **Jupiter VIII**. It was sometimes called "Poseidon" between 1955 and 1975.
Inuit group

The Inuit group is a collection of prograde irregular moons of Saturn consisting of 13 members having a semi-major axis between 11 million kilometers and 18 million kilometers, eccentricity between 0.15 and 0.48 and inclination between 40° and 50° to the ecliptic. Out of the 13, 3 of them are the largest in their respective subgroups, with Siarnaq being the largest, followed by Paaliaq being the second and Kiviuq being the third.
20000 Varuna

**This Object is a Dwarf Planet Candidate**
It has not been given dwarf planet status due to the following reasons:
• It has not been added into the dwarf planet category by the IAU.
**20000 Varuna**, provisional designation 2000 WR106, is a large trans-Neptunian object in the Kuiper belt. It was discovered in November 2000 by American astronomer Robert McMillan during a Spacewatch survey at the Kitt Peak National Observatory. It is named after the Hindu deity Varuna, one of the oldest deities mentioned in the Vedic texts.

## 20000 Varuna

Varuna viewed by the Hubble Space Telescope, and as an artist impression in the other image
Oberon

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Pan

**This page/section has been marked for fixing under Project/Paraphrase**
This page is to be fixed and paraphrased under the project's guidelines. Please do not remove this tag until the project has ended.**Pan** is the innermost regular shepherd moon of Saturn. It is small, shaped like a ravioli, and is

## Physical Characteristics

### Mean Escape Velocity

0.006 km/s at longest axisto 0.007 km/s at poles

### Axial Tilt

zero

approximately 35 kilometers across and 23 kilometers wide. Pan orbits within the Encke Gap, in Saturn's A ring. Pan is a shepherd moon, meaning that it helps keep the Encke Gap clear of debris.

The walnut-shaped moon was discovered in 1990 from analysis of old *Voyager 2* probe photos. It received the provisional designation S/1981 S 13, because the images dated back to the latter.

## Name

The moon was named on 16 September 1991, after the mythological Pan, who was (among other things) was the god of shepherds. Pan was also designated **Saturn XVIII**.

## Orbit

The eccentricity of Pan's orbit causes its distance from Saturn to fluctuate by ~4 km. Its inclination, which would cause it to move up and down, is not distinguishable from zero with present data. The Encke Gap, within which Pan orbits, is about 325 km wide.

## Geography

Scientists have described Pan as "walnut or ravioli-shaped", owing to its equatorial ridge, similar to that on Iapetus, Daphnis or (most extremely) Atlas. The ridge is so large, it is easily visible in images.

## Gallery

Pan, with its ridge seen head-on.Pan, seen from the side, through the rings.
S/2003 J 24

**S/2003 J 24** (temporarily designated **EJc0061**) is an irregular natural satellite of Jupiter, discovered by Scott S. Sheppard et al. in 2003.

## Physical Characteristics

### Diameter

3 km

Kai Ly had recovered four lost moons of Jupiter that were recently discovered in 2003: S/2003 J 23, S/2003 J 12, S/2003 J 4, and S/2003 J 2. Eventually, he found S/2003 J 24, that was not yet confirmed by IAU.

S/2003 J 24 orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 23,088,000 km in 715.4 days, at an inclination of 162° to the ecliptic, in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.25.

S/2003 J 24 belongs to the Carme group, made up of irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter in the opposite direction from its rotation. S/2003 J 24 is the 80th satellite of Jupiter announced.
Mab

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**Mab**, or **Uranus XXVI**, is an inner satellite of Uranus. It was discovered by Mark R. Showalter and Jack J. Lissauer in 2003 using the Hubble Space Telescope.

## Mab

Image of Mab taken by Hubble Space Telescope

## Discovery

### Discovered by

Mark R. Showalter
Jack J. Lissauer

## Physical Characteristics

### Mean Density

~1.3 g/cm³

After its discovery, Mab was given the temporary designation **S/2003 U 1**. The moon is also designated **Uranus XXVI**.
C/2022 E3 (ZTF)

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**C/2022 E3 (ZTF)** is a long-period comet from the Oort cloud that was discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) on 2 March 2022. The comet has a bright green glow around its nucleus, due to the effect of sunlight on diatomic carbon.

## Discovery

### Group

Long Period, Oort Cloud Object (presumed)

## Orbit Data

### Orbital Period

≈50,000 yr (inbound)Probable Ejection (outbound)
194 Prokne

**Prokne** (minor planet designation: **194 Prokne**) is a main-belt asteroid that was discovered by German-American astronomer C. H. F. Peters on March 21, 1879, in Clinton, New York, and named after Procne, the sister of Philomela in Greek mythology. Stellar occultations by Prokne have been observed twice, in 1984 from Italy and again in 1999 from Iowa (United States).

Observations from the W. M. Keck Observatory show the asteroid to be around 151 km across, with a size ratio of 1.13±0.06 between the major and minor axes. For comparison, observations by the IRAS observatory gave a diameter of 164 km. The spectrum matches a classification of a C-type asteroid, indicating it has a primitive carbonaceous composition. Judging from radar data, the near surface solid density of the asteroid is 3.6+1.1

−0.9 g cm−3.

Based upon a light curve that was generated from photometric observations of this asteroid at Pulkovo Observatory, it has a rotation period of 15.679±0.001 hours and varies in brightness by 0.16±0.02 in magnitude.
S/2002 (55637) 1

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**S/2002 (55637) 1** is the moon of (55637) 2002 UX₂₅ and is only satellite of the minor planet (55637) 2002 UX₂₅.
(307261) 2002 MS₄

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**(307261) 2002 MS₄** is a large classical Kuiper belt object and a possible dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a region of icy planetesimals beyond Neptune. It was discovered in 2002 by Chad Trujillo and Michael Brown, and has precovery images back to 8 April 1954.

## (307261) 2002 MS₄

Image of 2002 MS₄ taken by Hubble Space Telescope in APril 9, 2006

## Discovery

### Discovered by

Chad Trujillo
Michael E. Brown

## Physical Characteristics

### Synodic Rotation Period

14.251 h
7.33 h or 10.44 h (single-peaked)

As of 2021, 2002 MS₄ is 46.4 AU from the Sun. It will reach perihelion, its closest point to the Sun, in 2123. At ~800 km in diameter.

As of 2023, it was not given its official name and the current largest unnamed object in the solar system.
1862 Apollo

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**1862 Apollo** /əˈpɒloʊ/ is a stony asteroid, approximately 1.5 kilometers in diameter, classified as a near-Earth object (NEO). It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory on 24 April 1932, but lost and not recovered until 1973.

It is the namesake and the first recognized member of the Apollo asteroids, a subgroup of NEOs which are Earth-crossers, that is, they cross the orbit of the Earth when viewed perpendicularly to the ecliptic plane (crossing an orbit is a more general term than actually intersecting it). In addition, since Apollo's orbit is highly eccentric, it crosses the orbits of Venus and Mars and is therefore called a Venus-crosser and Mars-crosser as well.

Although Apollo was the first Apollo asteroid to be discovered, its official IAU-number (1862) is higher than that of some other Apollo asteroids such as 1566 Icarus, due to the fact that it was a lost asteroid for more than 40 years and other bodies were numbered in the meantime. The analysis of its rotation provided observational evidence of the YORP effect.

It is named after the Greek god Apollo. He is the god of the Sun, child of Zeus and Leto, after which the minor planets 5731 Zeus and 68 Leto are named.
Francisco

**Francisco** is the innermost irregular satellite of Uranus.

Francisco was discovered by Matthew J. Holman, et al. and Brett J. Gladman, et al. in 2003 from pictures taken in 2001 and given the provisional designation **S/2001 U 3**. Confirmed as **Uranus XXII**, it was named after a lord in William Shakespeare's play *The Tempest*.
136108 Haumea

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**Haumea** (minor-planet designation **136108 Haumea**) is a dwarf planet located beyond Neptune's orbit. It was discovered in 2004 by a team headed by Mike Brown of Caltech at the Palomar Observatory in the United States and disputably also in 2005 by a team headed by José Luis Ortiz Moreno at the Sierra Nevada Observatory in Spain, though the latter claim has been contested.

## Designations

### Alternative Names

2003 EL61

On September 17, 2008, it was named after Haumea, the Hawaiian goddess of childbirth, under the expectation by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) that it would prove to be a dwarf planet. Nominal estimates make it the third-largest known trans-Neptunian object, after Eris and Pluto, and approximately the size of Uranus's moon Titania.
2060 Chiron

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This page is to be fixed and paraphrased under the project's guidelines. Please do not remove this tag until the project has ended.*Not what you're looking for? See: **Charon, a moon of Pluto***

**2060 Chiron** is a small Solar System body in the outer Solar System, orbiting the Sun between Saturn and Uranus. Discovered in 1977 by Charles Kowal, it was the first-identified member of a new class of objects now known as centaurs—bodies orbiting between the asteroid belt and the Kuiper belt.

## 2060 Chiron

Hubble Space Telescope image of Chiron and its coma, taken in 1996

## Designation and Discovery

### Minor Planet Categories

Centaur, Small solar system body, Comet, Distant

## Asteroid Data

### Mean Radius

107.8±4.95 km (Herschel 2013)116.7±7.3 km (Spitzer)

135.69 km (LCDB, derived)

## Orbit Data

### Aphelion

18.87 AU

Although it was initially called an asteroid and classified only as a minor planet with the designation "2060 Chiron", in 1989 it was found to exhibit behavior typical of a comet. Today it is classified as both a minor planet and a comet, and is accordingly also known by the cometary designation **95P/Chiron**. Chiron is named after the centaur Chiron in Greek mythology.

## History

### Discovery

Chiron was discovered on 1 November 1977 by Charles Kowal from images taken on 18 October at Palomar Observatory. It was given the temporary designation of 1977 UB. It was found near aphelion and at the time of discovery it was the most distant known minor planet. Chiron was even claimed as the tenth planet by the press. Chiron was later found on several precovery images, going back to 1895, which allowed its orbit to be accurately determined. It had been at perihelion in 1945 but was not discovered then because there were few searches being made at that time, and these were not sensitive to slow-moving objects. The Lowell Observatory survey for distant planets would not have gone down faint enough in the 1930s and did not cover the right region of the sky in the 1940s. The April 1895 precovery image was one month after the March 1895 perihelion.

### Naming

This minor planet was named after Chiron, a half-human, half-horse centaur from Greek mythology. Son of the Titan Cronus and the nymph Philyra, Chiron was the wisest and most just of all centaurs, serving as an instructor of the Greek heroes. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 April 1978 (M.P.C. 4359). It was suggested that the names of other centaurs be reserved for objects.
134340 Pluto

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**Pluto** (minor planet designation: **134340 Pluto**) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper Belt, a ring of bodies beyond the orbit of **Neptune**. It is the ninth-largest and tenth-most-massive known object to directly orbit **the Sun**. It is the largest known TNO by volume, by a small margin, but is slightly less massive than **Eris**. Like other Kuiper belt objects, Pluto is made primarily of ice and rock and is much smaller than the inner planets. Pluto has only one sixth the mass of Earth's moon, and one third its volume.

## Orbit

Pluto has a moderately eccentric and inclined orbit, ranging from 30 to 49 astronomical units (4.5 to 7.3 billion kilometers; 2.8 to 4.6 billion miles) from the Sun. Light from the Sun takes 5.5 hours to reach Pluto at its orbital distance of 39.5 AU (5.91 billion km; 3.67 billion mi). Pluto's eccentric orbit periodically brings it closer to the Sun than Neptune, but a stable orbital resonance prevents them from colliding.

## Moons

Pluto has five known moons: **Charon**, the largest, whose diameter is just over half that of Pluto; **Styx**; **Nix**; **Kerberos**; and **Hydra**. Pluto and Charon are sometimes considered a binary system because the barycenter of their orbits does not lie within either celestial body, and they are tidally locked. The *New Horizons* mission was the first spacecraft to visit Pluto and its moons, making a flyby on July 14, 2015 and taking detailed measurements and observations.

### Charon

**Charon** also known as **(134340) Pluto I**, is the largest of the five known natural satellites of the dwarf planet Pluto. It has a mean radius of 606 km (377 mi). Charon is the sixth-largest known trans-Neptunian object after Pluto, Eris, Haumea, Makemake and Gonggong.

## Discovery

Pluto was discovered in 1930, the first object in the Kuiper belt. It was immediately hailed as the ninth planet, but it was always the odd object out, and its planetary status was questioned when it was found to be much smaller than expected. These doubts increased following the discovery of additional objects in the Kuiper belt starting in the 1990s, and particularly the more massive scattered disk object Eris in 2005. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) formally redefined the term *planet* to exclude dwarf planets such as Pluto. Many planetary astronomers, however, continue to consider Pluto and other dwarf planets to be planets.
Ymir

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**Ymir**, or **Saturn XIX**, is an irregular natural satellite of Saturn. It was discovered by Brett J. Gladman, et al. in 2000, and given its provisional designation **S/2000 S 1**.

## Ymir

Ymir imaged by Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope on September 23, 2000

## Physical Characteristics

### Synodic Rotation Period

11.9222 h

Ymir is the second largest retrograde irregular natural satellite of Saturn by diameter behind Phoebe.
S/2009 S 1

**This page/section has been marked for fixing under Project/Paraphrase**
This page is to be fixed and paraphrased under the project's guidelines. Please do not remove this tag until the project has ended.**S/2009 S 1** is a embedded in the outer part of Saturn's B Ring orbiting 117,000 km away from the planet. The moonlet was discovered by the *Cassini*

## Physical Characteristics

### Synodic Rotation Period

assumed synchronous

Imaging Team during the Saturnian equinox event on 26 July 2009, when the *Cassini* spacecraft imaged the moonlet casting a 36 km (22 mi)-long shadow onto the B Ring. With a diameter of 300 m (1,000 ft), it is most likely a long-lived solid body, which would count it as the smallest and innermost known moon of Saturn.

## Discovery

S/2009 S 1 was first identified by the *Cassini* Imaging Team led by Carolyn Porco, in a single image taken by the *Cassini* spacecraft approximately 296,000 km (184,000 mi) from Saturn on 26 July 2009 11:30 UTC. The moonlet was discovered during Saturn's 2009 equinox, when it cast an approximately 36 km (22 mi)-long shadow on the planet's B ring.

## Characteristics

Based on the width of its shadow it was estimated to be 300 m (~1000 ft) in diameter, making it one of the smallest moons in the Saturn System.
Nix

**Nix** is a natural satellite of Pluto, with a diameter of 49.8 km (30.9 mi) across its longest dimension. It was discovered along with Pluto's outermost moon Hydra on 15 May 2005 by astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope, and was named after Nyx, the Greek goddess of the night. Nix is the third moon of Pluto by distance, orbiting between the moons Styx and Kerberos.

## Orbit Data

### Inclination

0.133°±0.008° (122.53°±0.008° to Pluto's orbit)

## Physical Characteristics

### Synodic Rotation Period

1.829 ± 0.009 d
chaotic (decreased by 10% between discovery and flyby)

### Axial Tilt

132° (to orbital plane; July 2015) (48° retrograde)

Nix was imaged along with Pluto and its other moons by the *New Horizons* spacecraft as it flew by the Pluto system in July 2015. Images from the *New Horizons* spacecraft reveal a large reddish area on Nix that is likely an impact crater.
9 Metis

*Not what you're looking for? See: **Metis, an inner satellite of Jupiter.***

**Metis** (minor planet designation: **9 Metis**) is one of the larger main-belt asteroids. It is composed of silicates and metallic nickel-iron, and may be the core remnant of a large asteroid that was destroyed by an ancient collision. Metis is estimated to contain just under half a percent of the total mass of the asteroid belt.

Metis passed within 0.034AU, or 5,000,000 kilometres (3,100,000 mi), of Vesta on 19 August 2004.
Metis (disambiguation)

***This article is a disambiguation page for Metis (disambiguation)***
**The following is a list of links to pages that might share the same title.**
Please follow one of the disambiguation links below or use the search tool to find the page you were looking for if it is not listed. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.,

Metis may refer to:

• Metis (moon), a moon of Jupiter
• 9 Metis, an asteroid in the asteroid belt
(614433) 2009 KK

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**(614433) 2009 KK** is an Apollo near-Earth asteroid which was listed for several weeks in May and June 2009 on the Sentry Risk Table with a Torino Scale rating of 1.

## Orbit Data

### Natural Satellites

0

There is a 1 in 10000 chance of an impact on 29 May 2022. On 22 May 2009, it was listed as one of 2 near-earth objects assessed above Level 0 for potential impacts within 100 years, the other minor planet being 2007 VK₁₈₄.
Portia

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**Portia** is an inner satellite of Uranus. It was discovered from the images taken by Voyager 2 on 3 January 1986, and was given the temporary designation **S/1986 U 1**.

## Portia

Image of Portia taken in January 23, 1986

## Discovery

### Discovered by

Stephen P. Synnott
*Voyager 2*

## Physical Characteristics

### Mean Density

~ 1.3 g/cm³

]

Portia is the second-largest inner satellite of Uranus after Puck.

It heads a group of satellites called the Portia Group, which includes Bianca, Cressida, Desdemona, Juliet, Rosalind, Cupid, Belinda and Perdita.
65803 Didymos

Featured Article: **This Article Is Recommended For New Users****65803 Didymos** is a sub-kilometer, binary Near-Earth Object of the Apollo group. The asteroid has a small 160-meter natural satellite known as **Dimorphos**.

## Discovery

65803 Didymos was discovered in 1996 by the University of Arizona and the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory's Spacewatch survey telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona.

## Orbit

Didymos orbits the Sun at a mean distance of 1.0 - 2.3 AU once every 770 days (approx. 2 years). Disymos's orbit has an eccentricity of 0.38 and an inclination of 3 degrees with respect to the ecliptic. In November 2003, Didymos passed 7.18 million km by Earth and will not come again until November 2123, with a distance of 5.86 million km. Didymos also occasionally passes by Mars.

## Physical Characteristics

In the SMASS classification system, Didymos is classified as an Xk-Type asteroid, a blend between an X-Type and a rare K-Type asteroid. Visible and near-infrared spectroscopy showed that it is mostly silicate, which would make it a stony S-Type asteroid.

It rotates rather quickly, with a period of 2.26 hours and it has a low brightness variation of 0.08 magnitude.

### Satellite

*Main article: Dimorphos*

Because Didymos is a binary asteroid, it has a small 160-meter natural satellite, called Dimorphos. Dimorphos has a circular, retrograde orbit with an orbital period of ~12 hours. Dimorphos was previously known as S/2003 (65803) 1 or "Didymoon"

## Naming

The near Earth object was named "Didymos", Greek for "twin", due to its binary nature.

Its satellite later was given the name "Dimorphos", Greek for "having two forms"

## Exploration

In September 2022, the DART (Double Asteroid Redirection Test) Spacecraft crashed into Dimorphos to prove the effectiveness of deflecting an asteroid to prevent it from colliding with Earth. (This test was successful.) The DART Spacecraft also deployed the LICIACube, a small flyby cubesat to observe the effects of the collision for another 15 days after the test.

The European Space Agency plans to launch another spacecraft known as *Hera* to survey the dynamical effects of the DART impact and to measure the crater left on Dimorphos by DART.
Enceladus

**This page/section has been marked for fixing under Project/Paraphrase**
This page is to be fixed and paraphrased under the project's guidelines. Please do not remove this tag until the project has ended.**Enceladus** is the sixth-largest moon of Saturn (19th largest in the Solar System). It is about 500 kilometers (310 miles) in diameter, about a tenth of that of Saturn's largest moon, Titan. Enceladus is mostly covered by fresh, clean ice, making it one of the most reflective bodies of the Solar System. Consequently, its surface temperature at noon only reaches −198 °C (75.1 K; −324.4 °F), far colder than a light-absorbing body would be. Despite its small size, Enceladus has a wide range of surface features, ranging from old, heavily cratered regions to young, tectonically deformed terrain.

## Enceladus

View of trailing hemisphere in natural color

## Asteroid Data

### Geometric Albedo

1.375±0.008 (geometric at 550 nm)[10] or 0.81±0.04 (Bond)

## Orbit Data

### Semi-major Axis

237948 km

Enceladus was discovered on August 28, 1789, by William Herschel, but little was known about it until the two Voyager spacecraft, *Voyager 1* and *Voyager 2*, flew by Saturn in 1980 and 1981. In 2005, the spacecraft *Cassini* started multiple close flybys of Enceladus, revealing its surface and environment in greater detail. In particular, *Cassini* discovered water-rich plumes venting from the south polar region. Cryovolcanoes near the south pole shoot geyser-like jets of water vapor, molecular hydrogen, other volatiles, and solid material, including sodium chloride crystals and ice particles, into space, totaling about 200 kilograms (440 pounds) per second. More than 100 geysers have been identified. Some of the water vapor falls back as "snow"; the rest escapes and supplies most of the material making up Saturn's E ring. According to NASA scientists, the plumes are similar in composition to comets. In 2014, NASA reported that *Cassini* had found evidence for a large south polar subsurface ocean of liquid water with a thickness of around 10 km (6 mi). The existence of Enceladus' subsurface ocean has since been mathematically modelled and replicated.

These geyser observations, along with the finding of escaping internal heat and very few (if any) impact craters in the south polar region, show that Enceladus is currently geologically active. Like many other satellites in the extensive systems of the giant planets, Enceladus is trapped in an orbital resonance. Its resonance with Dione excites its orbital eccentricity, which is damped by tidal forces, tidally heating its interior and driving the geological activity.

*Cassini* performed chemical analysis of Enceladus's plumes, finding evidence for hydrothermal activity, possibly driving complex chemistry. Ongoing research on *Cassini* data suggests that Enceladus's hydrothermal environment could be habitable to some of Earth's hydrothermal vent's microorganisms, and that plume-found methane could be produced by such organisms.
Beli

**Beli**, provisionally known as **S/2004 S 30**, is a natural satellite of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, and Jan Kleyna on October 7, 2019, from observations taken between December 12, 2004, and March 21, 2007.

## Designations

### Alternative Names

Saturn LXI
S/2004 S 30
S5612a2

## Physical Characteristics

### Diameter

4 km

It was given its permanent designation **Saturn LXI** in August 2021 and received its official name 1 year later.

Beli is about ~4 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 20.396 Gm in 1087.84 days, at 157.5° to the ecliptic, in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.113.
Larissa

**This page/section has been marked for fixing under Project/Paraphrase**
This page is to be fixed and paraphrased under the project's guidelines. Please do not remove this tag until the project has ended.**Larissa**, also known as **Neptune VII**, is the fifth-closest inner satellite of Neptune. It is named after Larissa, a lover of Poseidon (Neptune) in Greek mythology and eponymous nymph of the city in Thessaly, Greece.

## Discovery

### Discovered by

Harold J. Reitsema, William B. Hubbard, Larry A. Lebofsky, and David J. Tholen

## Orbit Data

### Inclination

0.251 ± 0.009° (to Neptune equator)
0.205° (to local Laplace plane)

## Discovery

It was first discovered by Harold J. Reitsema, William B. Hubbard, Larry A. Lebofsky and David J. Tholen, based on fortuitous ground-based stellar occultation observations on May 24, 1981, given the temporary designation **S/1981 N 1** and announced on May 29, 1981. The moon was recovered and confirmed to be the only object in its orbit during the *Voyager 2* flyby in 1989 after which it received the additional designation **S/1989 N 2** on August 2, 1989. The announcement by Stephen P. Synnott spoke of “10 frames taken over 5 days”, which gives a recovery date sometime before July 28. The name was given on September 16, 1991.

## Physical Characteristics

The fourth-largest satellite of Neptune, Larissa is irregular (non-spherical) in shape and appears to be heavily cratered, with no sign of any geological modification. It is likely that Larissa, like the other satellites inward of Triton, is a rubble pile re-accreted from fragments of Neptune's original satellites, which were disrupted by perturbations from Triton soon after that moon's capture into a very eccentric initial orbit.

Larissa's orbit is nearly circular and lies below Neptune's synchronous orbit radius, so it is slowly spiralling inward due to tidal deceleration and may eventually impact Neptune's atmosphere, or break up into a planetary ring upon passing its Roche limit due to tidal stretching, similarly to how Triton will eventually collide with Neptune or break into a planetary ring.
Eupheme

Featured Article: **This Article Is Recommended For New Users**

Discovery of Eupheme

**Eupheme** or **Jupiter LX** (provisional designation: **S/2003 J 3**), is an outer irregular satellite of Jupiter.

## Discovery

Eupheme was discovered by a team of Astronomers from the University of Hawaii, led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2003. The moon was lost following its discovery, then rediscovered in 2017 and given a permanent designation later that year.

## Name

It was named in 2019 after Eupheme, the ancient Greek spirit of words of good omen, praise, acclaims, shouts of triumph, and applause, the daughter of Hephaestus and Aglaea and granddaughter of Zeus. The name was suggested by Twitter user Lunartic (@iamalunartic) in a naming contest held by the Carnegie Institute on the social network who concurrently helped in naming another Jovian moon Philophrosyne.

## Orbit

Eupheme orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 19,622 Mm in 628.06 days, at an inclination of 146° to the ecliptic (146° to Jupiter's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.2507. It belongs to the Ananke group, retrograde irregular moons that orbit Jupiter between 19.3 and 22.7 Gm, at inclinations of roughly 150°.
253 Mathilde

**This page/section has been marked for fixing under Project/Paraphrase**
This page is to be fixed and paraphrased under the project's guidelines. Please do not remove this tag until the project has ended.**253 Mathilde** is an asteroid in the intermediate asteroid belt, approximately 50 kilometers in diameter, that was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at Vienna Observatory on 12 November 1885. It has a relatively elliptical orbit that requires more than four years to circle the Sun.
S/2018 J 4

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S/2018 J 4 is a very inclined small prograde outer natural satellite of Jupiter discovered by Scott S. Sheppard on 11 May 2018.

## Physical Characteristics

### Diameter

2 km

S/2018 J 4 is an irregular moon of Jupiter that is highly inclined prograde orbit at an angle of 53°. It belongs to the Carpo group, meaning that Carpo is no longer an outlier moon.
1I/ʻOumuamua

**This page/section has been marked for fixing under Project/Paraphrase**
This page is to be fixed and paraphrased under the project's guidelines. Please do not remove this tag until the project has ended.**ʻOumuamua** is the first interstellar object detected passing through the Solar System. Formally designated **1I/2017 U1**, it was discovered by Robert Weryk using the Pan-STARRS telescope at Haleakalā Observatory, Hawaii, on 19 October 2017, approximately 40 days after it passed its closest point to the Sun on 9 September. When it was first observed, it was about 33 million km (21 million mi; 0.22 AU) from Earth (about 85 times as far away as the Moon) and already heading away from the Sun.

## Designation and Discovery

### Alternate Designations

1I/ʻOumuamua
1I/2017 U1 (ʻOumuamua)
A/2017
U1C/2017 U1
P10Ee5V

## Asteroid Data

### Dimensions

115 m × 111 m × 19 m
100–1000 m long
230 m × 35 m × 35 m

## Orbit Data

### Aphelion

Interstellar, hyperbolic

ʻOumuamua is a small object estimated to be between 100 and 1,000 metres (300 and 3,000 ft) long, with its width and thickness both estimated between 35 and 167 metres (115 and 548 ft). It has a red color, similar to objects in the outer Solar System. Despite its close approach to the Sun, it showed no signs of having a coma. It has exhibited non‑gravitational acceleration, potentially due to outgassing or a push from solar radiation pressure.