Flag of Benin

The national **flag of Benin** is a flag consisting of two horizontal yellow and red bands on the fly side and a green vertical band at the hoist. Adopted in 1959 to replace the French Tricolour, it was the flag of the Republic of Dahomey until 1975, when the People's Republic of Benin was established. The new regime renamed the country and changed the flag to a green field with a red star in the canton. This version was utilized until the regime collapsed in 1990, coinciding with the Revolutions of 1989. The new government promptly restored the original pre-1975 flag.

## History

 File:Flag of Benin (1975-1990).svg
Under French colonial rule over Dahomey, French authorities forbade the colony from having its own regional flag. This was because they were worried that this could increase nationalistic sentiment and lead to calls for independence. However, with the rise of the decolonization movement in Africa, the French were obliged to grant limited autonomy to Dahomey as a self-governing republic within the French Community. This was granted on December 4, 1958, and a search for a national flag began soon after.

The new flag was chosen on November 16, 1959, and remained unchanged when Dahomey became independent less than a year later on August 1, 1960. In 1972, a coup d'état took place in the country, with the new government aligning itself with Marxist–Leninist ideals. In order to symbolize the revolutionary change, the regime renamed the country to Benin and instituted a new flag three years later. This featured a green field charged with a five-pointed red star in the top-left canton. However, the regime's flag was never adopted by law, making it only the *de facto* flag of Benin.

The green flag remained in place until 1990, when economic problems and the weakening of the Soviet Union's power due to the Revolutions of 1989 culminated in the collapse of the People's Republic of Benin. The socialist regime was replaced and the original flag from 1959 was reinstated on August 1, 1990.

## Design

The colours of the flag carry cultural, political, and regional meanings. Nationally, the yellow and green allude to the northern savannas and palm groves located in the south of the country, while the red symbolizes the blood shed by those who fought for Dahomey. On a continental level, the yellow, green and red represented the Pan-Africanist movement; the three colours were utilized by the African Democratic Rally, a political party representing the interests of French West Africa in the National Assembly of France at the time of decolonization. Furthermore, the colours are the same as the ones utilized in the flag of Ethiopia. This honours the oldest independent country in Africa and the only nation other than Liberia to remain independent during the Scramble for Africa.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 National Flag of Benin. *World Flags 101*. Tsavo Media Canada Inc.. Retrieved on May 19, 2013.
2. ↑ Smith, Whitney. "Gabon, flag of". *Encyclopædia Britannica*. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved May 19, 2013.  **(subscription required)**
3. ↑ Houngnikpo, Mathurin C.; Decalo, Samuel (December 14, 2012). *Historical Dictionary of Benin*. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0810873737. Retrieved May 19, 2013.
4. ↑ *Background Notes: West Africa, June 2011*. U. S. Department of State. July 1, 2011. ISBN 1592431305. Retrieved May 19, 2013.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Smith, Whitney. "Benin, flag of". *Encyclopædia Britannica*. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved May 19, 2013.  **(subscription required)**
6. ↑ History of Benin. Lonely Planet. Retrieved on May 19, 2013.
7. ↑ Olukun, Omo. "Why did Dahomey change its name to Benin?", January 13, 1976. Retrieved on May 19, 2013.
8. ↑ Shaw, Carol P. (2004). *Flags*. HarperCollins UK. p. 46. ISBN 9780007165261. Retrieved May 20, 2013.
9. ↑ Philip, George and Son (December 26, 2002). *Encyclopedic World Atlas*. Oxford University Press. p. 54. ISBN 9780195219203. Retrieved May 20, 2013.
10. ↑ Jeffery, Simon. "Colouring the outcome", April 27, 2004. Retrieved on May 20, 2013.