调光控制.概述

**以下译文来自121-15-马天驰**

COURSE DESCRIPTION
Dimming is the adjustment of light output over a specified range, with an important additional effect being a reduction in power input.
Dimming may be implemented using manual or automatic controls. Manual dimming is driven by visual/aesthetic needs and is used to achieve a certain look, mood or visual condition. Automatic dimming, used to realize a range of strategies, is driven by energy cost savings and enables automatic changes in light level without irritating occupants.
For a light source to be dimmed, it must be designed to be dimmable, and it must be compatible with the dimmer.
Dimming Controls is a two-part series that educates participants about dimming control of electric lighting. Part 1 provides an introduction to dimming, including dimming’s purpose and benefits, types of dimming, lighting control strategies typically enacted via dimming, and behavior of different popular lamp types when dimmed.
课程描述
调光的输出和调整必须是在指定范围内的，而它的另一个重要作用是使输入功率的能够减小，它可以通过
使用手动或自动控制来进行调光。手动调光是由人自身的视觉和审美需求并且取决于人们观看的心情或视觉条件来决定调光的大小。实现自动调光,是用来实现调光的一系列功能,能够节约能源和成本,并使自动调光等级的变化对人没有刺激性。
光源的调控,它必须要设计为可控制的,而且必须与调光控制器相互兼容。
调光控制是作者们编辑的一系列对电气照明的调光控制。其中第1部分介绍了调光,包括光变暗的用途和优点,变暗的类型,通过调光照明来调控不同情况下光的形式,以及研究不同流行灯的灯具类型所调控效果的行为。

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the course, participants will be able to:
•understand the purpose of dimming and how it can be used as a control output to enact lighting control strategies that support visual needs and/or energy management goals.
•distinguish between step and continuous dimming, and understand the pros and cons of each approach.
•understand how lighting systems featuring different lamp types behave while dimmed, and consequently have appropriate expectations about results.
•conceptualize dimming control for lighting projects using the knowledge and vocabulary provided in this course.
学习目标
在课程结束时,答题者们能够:
•理解调光的目的以及如何使用它并将它作为一个控制输出和制定照明控制功能,支持人们视觉上的需求并且以能源的合理管理为目标。
•区分调光的步骤和连续调光,了解每种方法的利弊。
•了解照明系统中不同灯类型所具有不同调光现象和表现,并且对此能够有适当的预期现象和结果。
•将照明调光控制项目在本课程中所使用和提供的知识与词汇都能够理解并概念化。

STEP DIMMING
Step dimming provides a limited choice of light levels, with one or more preset increments between OFF and full output. Typically, there is no fade between lighting states, so while technically the approach is dimming, the visual effect is the lights are switched to a lower state.
This approach is typically implemented for fluorescent and HID systems, using a special ballast, in spaces where a sudden light level change will not be irritating to users, and it is desirable to achieve uniform light level reduction from the lamps without separately circuiting/ controlling alternate lamps or luminaires.
可变功率
可变功率调光为光照水平提供了一个有限的选择,能够提供一个或多个的预置增量之间和的完整输出。通常来说在这期间时照明不会逐渐变暗,从技术上来说这个方法是调光,但从视觉效果上是指灯光切换到另一个较低的状态。
这种方法通常是通过实现荧光和隐藏系统来实现的,使用一种特殊的物质,并使其在空间内的光级突然变化不会刺激到用户,并且它是可行的,能够分别从没有备用灯或控制灯具中来达到均匀的光线水平降低的效果

CONTINUOUS DIMMING
Continuous dimming enables users to raise and lower light levels over a specified range, with smooth transitions between levels. This provides a higher degree of flexibility for manual dimming control driven by application needs such as A/V presentation, mood setting and so on. It also enables light output to be automatically reduced to save energy without irritating occupants, and is therefore the control method of choice for automatic control strategies in spaces occupied by people performing stationary tasks.
连续调光
连续调光能够使用户照明的水平提高或降低在一个规定的的范围内,并且使其能够在水平之间的平滑过渡。而这提供了一种有着更高程度灵活性的手动调光控制驱动程序如用A / V表示或情绪设置等等。它还使光输出自动减少并节约能源，不会对住户产生刺激,因此选择自动控制方式的控制方法取决于在期间控制并执行固定控制方式的人。

PURPOSE OF DIMMING
Dimming provides greater flexibility from the lighting system, enabling users to have more control over their lighting conditions to support visual needs, and enabling enactment of energy management strategies that can reduce energy costs
调光的目的
调光照明系统为用户们提供了更大的灵活性,让用户有更多的方式去调控他们的照明条件以及所需求的视觉效果,并使制定能源管理方式，并能够有效地节约能源成

MANUAL DIMMING
Dimming provides flexibility to select light levels required for different uses of the space, such as mood setting in restaurants and optical viewing conditions for multimedia presentations and other uses in meeting rooms and classrooms.
手动调光
手动调光为人们提供了灵活性的选择光水平面所需空间的不同用途,如在餐厅和投影仪上观看多媒体演示的情绪设置以及其他在会议室和教室所使用的条件。

PERSONAL DIMMING
Occupants in private and open offices can be given the ability to select light levels based on need or preference. In an open office, this would entail giving users control of the downlight component of dedicated overhead luminaires using a handheld remote or slider icon on their PC, as shown in this layout. (The uplight component might be controlled in unison based on schedule, demand response or daylight harvesting.)
Research studies indicate that giving users the ability to select light levels results in greater job and environmental satisfaction. One office lighting field study, conducted by the Canadian National Research Council, assessed average energy savings of 11% as an additional benefit.
个人调光
居住者在私人和开放的办公室可以选择在光水平能力的基础上的需要或偏好。在一个开放的办公室,这可能需要给用户专门筒灯组件的开销并能够使用电脑PC端远程控制,如图此布局所示。(向上的照明器件的组件可能是为基于时间表而共同控制,根据需求来响应或对日光的收获。)
研究表明,让用户能够自由选择光线会让用户产生更好的工作环境满意度。在办公照明领域的一项研究中,由加拿大国家研究委员会评估将平均节能11%作为一个额外的好处。

DAYLIGHT HARVESTING
Daylight harvesting entails using a photosensor to monitor light levels and adjust electric light output to maintain a target light level, saving energy.
Automatic daylight harvesting dimming control is better suited for spaces where occupants work stationary tasks, luminaires are installed in the field of view, and/or where daylight availability fluctuates frequently throughout the day.
日光的接收
日光的接收需要使用光电传感器来监测日光的照度水平并调整电灯输出以保持光级目标从而能够节约能源。
自动日光接收调光控制更适合在室内空间使用者工作的固定模式,灯具安装领域的观点和在白天可用性的波动频率。

ADAPTIVE COMPENSATION
This energy management strategy involves reducing light levels at night in spaces with non-critical tasks based on research that people prefer and need less light at night than during daytime.
自适应补偿
根据研究,在夜晚人们比白天更喜欢少量的光。这种能量管理的方法包括在夜晚的室内空间中降低光的水平面和其他非关键任务。

DEMAND RESPONSE
In this energy management strategy, the control system responds to a signal from the local utility to reduce electric load during a grid emergency. The owner receives financial incentives such as special rates in return.
Dimming is ideally suited to demand response, as it enables lighting load reduction without turning the lights OFF.
需求响应
在这个能量管理部门的策略中,控制系统响应信号在电网紧急时通过从本地实用工具来减少电力负荷。而这样做会使用户收到特别的财政鼓励如利率回报等作为奖励。
调光适合于需求反应,它会使照明负载减少但并没有关闭灯光。

LUMEN MAINTENANCE DIMMING
This energy management strategy involves using a photosensor to monitor light level and automatically compensate for lamp lumen depreciation. As lighting systems are typically overdesigned to compensate for lamp lumen depreciation, this strategy can save energy.
For fluorescent control, lumen maintenance dimming has fallen out of favor because the lumen depreciation of today's best lamps is too small to make it economically viable. (Closed-loop daylight dimming control includes lumen maintenance dimming as a byproduct.) For LED control, however, it can be very useful; the controller underdrives the luminaire to deliver constant light output over its life while maximizing energy savings.
流明维护调控
这种能源管理的策略中包括了使用光电传感器来监控光的等级变化和自动补充灯光光束能量的衰减。照明系统中通常都是由保险设计来弥补灯光能量的衰减,通过这一方式能够节省能源。
对于荧光控制和光束能量的维护调光都已经失宠,因为当今最好的灯的光束能量衰减太慢,使其在经济上可行。(闭环日光调光控制包括光束能量的维护以及作为一个副产品而变暗。)然而LED控制中，它实际上是非常有用的;控制器减速控制灯具并提供恒定的光输出超过它的寿命从而能够最大化的节省能源。

LIGHT LEVEL AND PERCEPTION
As lamps are dimmed, light output decreases but the human eye may perceive a higher light output and light level than is actually present. This is because the human eye overcompensates for diminished light level by allowing more light to enter into its pupil. For example, dimming to 25% appears to be about 50% of full light level. The effect is predictable according to the square law, which defines the theoretical relationship between light level and perceived brightness:
Perceived Light (%) = 100 x square root (Measured Light (%)/100)
光级和感知
因为灯光的调控,所以导致光输出减少，但人眼所感知的光输出与实际上相比是高于实际的光水平，这是因为人眼为了对减少光级的过度补偿通过而允许更多的光进入人的瞳孔。例如,调控到25%就是大约50%的全光水平。根据平方律的结果来说这是可以预料到的,它定义了理论水平和感知亮度之间的关系:
认为光(%)= 100 x平方根(光(%)/ 100)

LIGHT LEVEL AND PERCEPTION
Other important issues related to perception involve whether users detect dimming and whether they accept it. Various organizations have studied the threshold for when users are likely to notice the lights are being dimmed, and concluded that a 15-20% reduction in light level is undetectable by a majority of users (Kryszgzuk and Boyce, 2001 and 2002, Shikakura et al, 2001, and Akashi and Neches, 2004).
光级和感知
与光级认知相关的其他重要问题涉及到用户检测是否能够调控以及用户们是否能够接受它。在各种组织研究开始时,用户可能会注意到灯光调控,并得出结论,减少15-20%的光级会被大多数用户所明显的察觉(Kryszgzuk and Boyce, 2001 and 2002, Shikakura et al, 2001, and Akashi and Neches, 2004).

LIGHT LEVEL AND PERCEPTION
National Research Council Canada subsequently studied how far lighting could be dimmed before users 1) detected it and 2) considered it intrusive (Newsham, 2009). The researchers found that in areas with above-average levels of daylight (HD), users were less likely to notice and were more likely to accept deep light level reductions compared to spaces with lower-than-average daylight levels (LD) or no daylight at all (ND). This confirms that daylight dimming is likely to be non-intrusive, while suggesting applications for demand response.
光的水平和感知
加拿大国家研究委员会随后研究了在用户面前多高的的照明水平是可以被调控的，1)检测到它、2)认为有光的进入(Newsham,2009)。研究人员发现，相比于那些低于平均日照水平（LD）或无日光（ND）的地区，那些白天的日照水平高于平均水平的地区（HD）的用户不太可能会注意到光的变暗，或者更可能去接受深程度光的减少。这证实了应对需求响应的日光调光很可能是非侵入性的。

**以下译文来自121-29-胡毅成**

INCANDESCENT/HALOGEN LAMP DIMMING (LINE VOLTAGE) （16/35）
Dimming of tungsten-filament incandescent lamps, including 120V halogen lamps, occurs when the lamp is operated at a voltage lower than its rating, producing smooth, continuous dimming from 100% to 0.1%. Most dimmers use the phase control method, turning the lamps ON and OFF 120 times per second;
dimming occurs by delaying the first half of the cycle, creating a proportion of ON/OFF time that relates to a distinct dimming level.
Dimming makes incandescent lamps appear visually warmer (amber/orange), lose efficacy as the filament loses heat (while overall saving energy), and gain in lamp life as the filament experiences less wear and tear.
白炽灯/卤素灯调光（线电压） （16/35）
钨灯丝白炽灯和120 V卤素灯的调光是指在其工作电压低于其额定值时，产生100％—0.1％范围内的平滑、连续调光。大多数调光器使用相位控制方法，每秒接通灯开关120次;通过延迟该循环周期的前一半时间以达到调光控制，改变ON / OFF的时间比例从而营造出不同的调光水平。
调光使得白炽灯在视觉上表现为暖色调（黄色/橙色），由于热量损失造成光效降低（但整体上更节能），使灯丝经历较少的磨损而延长灯泡的寿命。

HALOGEN LAMP DIMMING (LOW VOLTAGE) （17/35）
Low-voltage lighting can produce brilliant white illumination from a very compact source that installs with a higher degree of safety.
Line- and low-voltage lamps may be mixed on the same dimming circuit, but only if using a low-voltage dimmer compatible with the low-voltage load (do not use standard line-voltage dimmers with low-voltage lamps).
Dimming extends lamp life but may result in lamp blackening caused by tungsten evaporation; if this occurs, it is recommended to operate the lamp at full light output for 10 minutes to eliminate most of the blackening.
卤素灯调光（低压） （17/35）
低压照明可以使一个非常紧凑的光源实现高亮度白光照明,且具有更高程度的安全性。额定电压灯与低压灯可以在同一调光电路中混合使用,但前提是低压负载配套使用低压调光器(不要使用额定电压调光器去控制低压灯)。调光可以延长灯的寿命，但会导致由于钨蒸发造成的灯壳变黑现象;如果发生这种情况,建议使灯在额定功率下工作10分钟，来消除大部分的灯壳变黑区域。

HALOGEN LAMP DIMMING (LOW VOLTAGE) （18/35）
The transformer may be magnetic or electronic; do not mix magnetic and electronic transformers on the same circuit and ensure that the transformer is rated as compatible with the selected dimmer.Magnetic transformers use symmetric phase control, which results in very smooth turn-OFF; dedicated dimmers for these transformers may have capacity rated in VA.Most electronic transformers use reverse phase control, which results in very smooth turn-ON; dimmers for these transformers are typically rated in W. Electronic transformer/dimmer combinations generally provide superior performance, eliminating dimmer and luminaire buzz, lamp flickering and other problems that can occur with dimming magnetic transformers.
卤素灯调光（低压） （18/35）
变压器可能是磁性变压器或电子变压器，在电路中不要混淆磁性变压器和电子变压器，并且确保电路中的变压器与选定的调光器是匹配的。磁性变压器使用对称相位控制,它可以产生非常光滑的断开;这类变压器专用调光器的额定负荷是VA。大多数电子变压器使用反向相位控制,可以产生非常光滑的接通,这类变压器专用调光器的额定负荷是W。电子变压器/调光器的组合通常能提供优异的性能，能够消除调光器及灯的嗡嗡声、灯闪烁和由于磁变压器调光可能发生的的其他问题。

COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMP DIMMING （19/35）
Compact fluorescent lamps, or CFLs, have only recently begun to offer significant dimming capability.
While pin-based lamp-ballast systems offer reliable dimming using low-voltage controls, matching integral CFL products with standard line-voltage incandescent dimmers continues to be problematic. These problems include limited dimming range to 10-30% of full light output, "drop out" or shutoff before the slider reaches the bottom, lamps failing to turn ON at the low end of the dimming range (requiring the slider to be raised, resulting in "pop ON"), and lights turning OFF unexpectedly or flickering due to line-voltage fluctuations. They also become cooler in color appearance as they dim, the opposite of incandescent lamps, which become warmer.
紧凑型荧光灯调光 （19/35）
紧凑型荧光灯（CELs）只是最近才开始提供显著的调光能力。虽然管脚型灯管镇流器系统采用低电压控制，可以提供可靠的调光效果，但是节能灯的整体配套产品与额定电压的白炽灯调光器一起使用仍然是有问题的。这些问题包括调光范围受限于全光通输出的10-30％，“退出”或关闭前滑块就到达底部，从而使得灯状态未能到达调光范围的低端（要求滑块待提高，造成“流行开”），因线路电压波动导致灯的光线闪烁和意外关闭。调光也使得紧凑型荧光灯的色温更冷，这和暖色温白炽灯正好相反。

COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMP DIMMING （20/35）
To address these problems, lamp manufacturers are working to produce better dimmable lamps, extending dimming range to as low as 2-10% for select products. Dimming manufacturers, meanwhile, are now offering dimmers specifically designed for dimmable CFLs, with some products being versatile enough to also operate integral LED lamps and incandescent/halogen lamps. These dimmers keep the lights ON as they are dimmed, ensure the lamp turns ON at all light levels, reduces flicker and keep the lights ON even in the face of fluctuations on the power line.

紧凑型荧光灯调光 （20/35）
为了解决这些问题，灯泡制造商正在努力生产出更好的可调光灯，扩大调光范围，以尽可能低至2%-10％范围选择产品。同时，调光器生产厂家现在为可调光型紧凑型荧光灯设计专门的调光器。其中一些产品是多功能的，它们可以同时控制LED灯和白炽灯/卤素灯。当灯在被调光时这些调光器能够保持灯的工作状态，确保灯能够在所有光线水平开启、即使电源线上有波动也能够减少灯光闪烁和保持灯的工作状态。

LINEAR FLUORESCENT LAMP DIMMING （21/35）
Fluorescent lamps are dimmable using dimmable ballasts, which are designed to respond to control signals by changing the current flowing through the lamp, which reduces both lamp output and power. Linear fluorescent lamps should be "seasoned" prior to dimming for 12 hours at 100% output per NEMA guidelines, or per manufacturer instructions.
线性荧光灯调光 （21/35）
荧光灯的调光使用可控镇流器，其目的是通过改变流过灯的电流值来响应控制信号，这样做可以降低灯的功耗。根据NEMA规定，直管荧光灯的调光先应该经过12小时的全光通输出老化阶段(或参考制造商的相关说明)。

LINEAR FLUORESCENT LAMP DIMMING （22/35）
Most dimming ballasts are programmed-start ballasts, which operate at a loss in efficacy of nearly 10% compared to fixed-output instant-start ballasts. Recent introductions, however, boast an efficacy as high as standard instant-start ballasts.
For the most efficient 4-ft. T8 ballasts, look for the NEMA Premium mark on the label.
线性荧光灯调光 （22/35）
大多数调光镇流器是可编程式启动镇流器,比起输出固定的瞬时接入镇流器，它将引起光效下降近10%。然而，最近有关消息说可程式启动镇流器拥有和瞬时接入镇流器一样高的功效。
对于4英尺、T8镇流器，最有效的方法是在标签上寻找NEMA的标志。

LINEAR FLUORESCENT LAMP DIMMING （23/35）
Most dimmable electronic ballasts operate with a linear relationship between dimming level and light output, but not dimming level and input watts. A 20% dim level, for example, will result in 20% of full light output but not 20% of full wattage. While energy is saved, efficacy, which is lumens of light output per watt of electrical input, generally decreases as lamps are dimmed. Below around 20%, no significant additional energy savings are achieved.
线性荧光灯调光 （23/35）
大多数可控电子镇流器的调光等级和灯泡光通输出值之间是线性关系,而不是调光等级和输入功率值是线性关系。例如,20%的调光水平意味着全部光通输出的20%，而不是额定功率的20%。通常随着灯的调光，使得每瓦输入电功率引起的输出光通量流明数值减少，光效提高，更加节能。低于20%左右时,不能达到显著的节能效果。

LINEAR FLUORESCENT LAMP DIMMING （24/35）
Dimmable ballasts operate according to a dimming method, which may be analog ("step dimming," 0-10VDC, phase control and wireless infrared) or digital (DALI, proprietary). Digital and 0-10VDC are four-wire low-voltage methods, two-wire phase control is a line-voltage method utilizing the line for both power and communication, and wireless infrared is a short-range wireless method. Selection of dimming method is typically based on the use of the space, desired range of dimming, wiring, lamp type, physical size and/or budget. For more information, see Part 2 of this course, covering fluorescent dimmable ballasts.
线性荧光灯调光 （24/35）
根据调光方式，可调光镇流器可以是模拟（“变功率调光”、0-10VDC、相位控制和无线红外）或数字（DALI）方式。数字调控和0-10VDC是一种四线、低电压方法，双线式相位控制是利用线路进行电力和通信双传输的方法，无线红外线是一种短距离无线控制方法。选择调光方法通常是综合考虑使用空间、调光的目标范围、布线、灯泡类型、物理尺寸和预算。欲了解更多信息，请参阅本课程的第二部分，涵盖荧光灯的可调光镇流器。

LINEAR FLUORESCENT LAMP DIMMING （25/35）
Be sure to specify ballasts that are dimmable, lamps and ballasts that are compatible, and ballasts and controls that are compatible. The lamps should also be compatible with the socket (i.e., rapid start socket).
Because analog ballast performance may vary across products, avoid mixing ballast types from different manufacturers in the same system.
Also avoid mixing dimmable and non-dimmable loads on a dimmer circuit, linear lamps and CFLs in the same control zone, and different lamp types (e.g., incandescent and fluorescent) on the same dimming control.
It is sometimes advisable to avoid mixing lamp wattages in the same dimming zone as well.
线性荧光灯调光 （25/35）
一定要指定镇流器是可控的，灯泡和镇流器是相互匹配的，镇流器和控制元件是兼容的，这些灯与插座（即快速启动插座）也是兼容。
因为模拟镇流器性能因产品而异，所以应该避免在同一系统中混合使用来自不同制造商的镇流器。
也应该避免在同一个调光电路中混合使用可控和不可控负载，避免在同一个控制区域混合使用线性灯和紧凑型荧光灯,避免在同一个调光控制下使用不同类型的灯泡(如白炽灯和荧光灯)。
在同一个的调光区域中避免混合使用不同功率的灯泡，这有时也是明智的。

HID LAMP DIMMING （26/35）
HID lamps are capable of stepped and continuous dimming. Stepped dimming may be achieved using a magnetic step-dimming ballast, typically a constant-wattage autotransformer (CWA) ballast. Shown here is a 350W pulse-start metal halide system with all luminaires turned OFF on a schedule using a control panel/timeclock, while four are separately circuited and controlled with stepped dimming ballasts for 50% reduction for night and emergency lighting.
HID灯调光 （26/35）
HID灯可以实现变功率调光和连续调光。变功率调光可通过使用磁性变功率镇流器来实现，典型例子是恒定功率的自耦变压器（CWA）镇流器。这里展示的是一个350W脉冲启动的金属卤化物系统。它使用控制面板/时钟进度表关闭了所有的灯泡，而4个单独地电路控制变功率镇流器使其降低了夜间应急照明50％光通。

HID LAMP DIMMING （27/35）
Continuous dimming is becoming increasingly available with introduction of high-performing electronic HID ballasts. These ballasts provide superior performance, with a recommended dimming range of 100% to 50-70% of lamp power, depending on the lamp type.
HID灯调光 （27/35）
随着引进高性能HID灯的电子镇流器，连续调光应用变得越来越广。这些镇流器提供优越的性能，根据灯的类型有100％至50％-70％的调光范围。

HID LAMP DIMMING （28/35）
As with fluorescent dimming, efficacy declines over the dimming range for HID stepped and continuous dimming ballasts; shown here is a 400W coated metal halide lamp tested by the Lighting Research Center from 100% to 50% of lamp power.
NEMA recommends avoiding dimming of HID lamps below 50-70%, depending on the lamp type, as this can degrade lamp life by up to 90%—voiding lamp warranties—while also affecting efficacy, color and lumen maintenance. NEMA further recommends that the lamps be operated for at least 15 minutes before dimming (or 30 minutes if the lamp is extinguished due to a voltage interruption).
Note that HID lamps may experience color shift and lower CRI during dimming, particularly clear lamps.
For more information about HID lamp dimming, click here. An article will appear as a new window on your Internet browser.
HID灯调光 （28/35）
和荧光灯调光类似，HID灯的变功率调光和连续调光镇流器也会导致光效的下降；这里展示的是涂层金属卤化物灯的测试，照明研究中心将灯泡输入功率从100％调到50％。
NEMA建议要避免HID灯的调光低于灯泡额定功率的50-70％（根据灯的类型确定），否则那样做会导致灯泡寿命降低为原来寿命的最多10％（灯的保修无效），同时也影响光效、颜色和光通量的稳定。 NEMA还建议将灯至少运行15分钟后再行调光（或30分钟，如果灯是由于电压中断而熄灭）。
需要注意的是HID灯在调光时可能出现色移和低显色指数现象，特别是透明灯泡。
有关HID灯调光的更多信息，请点击此处。一篇文章将出现在您Internet浏览器的新窗口。

LED DIMMING （29/35）
LED lighting is theoretically very friendly to dimming control. As shown in this graph, reducing LED device internal temperatures extends service life. Because dimming reduces internal temperatures, it can extend lamp life while also delaying color shift (towards blue) that occurs over time with phosphor-coated LEDs.
LED调光 （29/35）
LED照明在理论上是非常适合调光控制的。如下图所示，LED器件的使用寿命随着其内部温度的降低而延长。因为调光可以降低LED器件的内部温度，从而延长灯泡寿命，同时也缓解了由于长时间使用灯而导致覆荧光粉类型LED灯发生颜色偏移现象（蓝移）。
LED DIMMING （30/35）
Dimming results in light output that is proportional to electrical input; an LED operating at 50% of its rated power will produce roughly 50% of its initial rated light output. As a result, efficacy (lumens/W) is stable across the dimming range until the low end, when efficacy actually increases due to dimming reducing internal temperatures, producing higher light output. While this is obviously positive in terms of efficiency, it also means that for manual dimming, light output and dimmer setting may drift out of proportion at the dimming range's low end. Some higher-end products compensate for this effect.
LED调光 （30/35）
调光的结果是光通输出值成比例于电功率输入值；如LED灯在50%的额定功率工作下产生光通输出值大约为额定值的50%。因此LED灯在整个可调光范围内光效(lm/w)可以保持稳定。然而实际上由于调光导致LED灯结温降低，从而提高了灯的光效。对于手动调光这也意味着，改变调光器参数会使得光通输出不再按比例相应变化了。一些高端产品解决了这个问题。

LED DIMMING （31/35）
LED lamps and luminaires may be dimmed using line- or low-voltage methods. Dimming ranges of 100-20% and 100-1% are available, depending on desired capabilities and cost. The highest-performing products dim smoothly from 100-1%, while the lowest dim from 100-20% while exhibiting an inconsistent step-dimming effect.

LED调光 （31/35）
LED灯和其它类型灯可以采用额定电压或低电压驱动的方法进行调光。100-20％和100-1％两种调光范围的选取取决于对灯功能和成本的考虑。最高性能产品可以实现100-1％的光滑调光，最低性能产品可以实现100-20％的调光，即使这将使灯表现出不一致的变功率调光效果。

LED DIMMING （32/35）
Dimming requires a dimmable driver, which dims the LEDs using either pulse-width modulation (PWM) or pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) methods.
With both methods, light output can be dimmed precisely, predictably and without visible flicker.
The driver may be integrated with the power supply or remotely mounted.
LED调光 （32/35）
调光需要一个可调光驱动器，它可以利用脉宽调制（PWM）或脉冲振幅调制（PAM）的方法上实现LED调光。
利用这两种方法，调光灯具有精确性、可以预见性和无闪烁现象的优点。
调光驱动器可与电源集成在一起或单独安装。

LED DIMMING （33/35）
For retrofit, there are products designed to replace incandescent and halogen lamps and operate from incandescent or low-voltage dimmer controls. This is facilitated by integrated driver circuits that maintain proper function with the controls.
To ensure that the control and selected light unit are compatible, consult manufacturer dimmer compatibility data sheets. If operated with an incandescent dimmer, the LED lamp must meet dimmer requirements related to operating incandescent lamps, such as minimum loading.
While a retrofit solution can be viable, it is recommended to use dimmers that are designed, tested and UL listed for the specific light source being used.
LED调光 （33/35）
设计新型产品来取代白炽灯和卤素灯，改造白炽灯和低压调光控制器。通过集成电路协助控制调光，以保证调光灯的功能。
为确保控制器和选择灯是兼容的,请参阅调光器制造商提供的兼容性数据手册。如果要操控一个白炽灯调光器,那么LED灯必须符合操作白炽灯调光的有关需求,如最小负荷。
虽然改造方案是可行的,但是推荐使用设计调光器的方案,它需要对所使用的灯做UL认证测试。

LED DIMMING （34/35）
Note that the dimmer and LED device must be specifically rated as compatible to ensure desired performance. All combinations of devices should be tested to ensure they will work as specified.
NEMA recently introduced a standard addressing dimming of integrated LED lamps designed for retrofit/replacement of line-voltage incandescent screwbase lamps. The standard contains requirements to help ensure good dimming performance and prevent damage to either the dimmer or the lamp.
For more information about LED dimming, take the Education Express course covering LED control.
LED调光 （34/35）
需要注意的是LED灯和调光器必须是匹配的，以保证LED灯的优越性能。灯的所有组合设备都要进行测试，以确保它们能够按计划工作。
NEMA最近推出一个集成LED灯的调光标准。设计集成LED灯是为了改造/更换标准电压的螺口型白炽灯。该标准包含的信息有：要保证良好的调光性能，并防止损坏调光器和灯。
有关LED调光的更多信息， 请参考LED控制的专业课程。

NEON/COLD CATHODE DIMMING （35/35）
Neon and cold cathode lamps operate similarly to fluorescent lamps, but use a solid metal electrode operating at a low temperature. The lamp can be dimmed without impacting service life using a dimmable ballast (electronic ballast recommended). These ballasts can dim from 100-1% and start instantly at the lowest dim level.
霓虹灯/冷阴极荧光灯的调光控制 (35/35)
霓虹灯和冷阴极荧光灯的调光控制操作类似于荧光灯,但它们是在低温下使用一个固体金属电极进行控制的。在不影响这些灯的使用寿命条件下，可以通过使用一个可控镇流器（电子镇流器）实现调光。这些镇流器可以使光通从100%降到1％，也可以从最低的调光状态立即开始调光。