List of mammals of El Salvador

North American animals Wiki list articleTemplate:SHORTDESC:North American animals Wiki list article
This is a list of the **mammal species recorded in El Salvador**. Of the mammal species in El Salvador, one is endangered, three are vulnerable, and two are near threatened.

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:

 LR/lc | **Lower risk/least concern** | Species for which there are no identifiable risks.

## Subclass: Theria

### Infraclass: Metatheria

#### Order: Didelphimorphia (common opossums)

Didelphimorphia is the order of common opossums of the Western Hemisphere. Opossums probably diverged from the basic South American marsupials in the late Cretaceous or early Paleocene. They are small to medium-sized marsupials, about the size of a large house cat, with a long snout and prehensile tail.

* Family: Didelphidae (American opossums)
	+ Subfamily: Didelphinae
		- Genus: *Chironectes*
			* Water opossum, *Chironectes minimus* LR/nt
		- Genus: *Didelphis*
			* Common opossum, *Didelphis marsupialis* LR/lc
			* Virginia opossum, *Didelphis virginiana* LR/lc
		- Genus: *Marmosa*
			* Mexican mouse opossum, *Marmosa mexicana* LR/lc
		- Genus: *Philander*
			* Gray four-eyed opossum, *Philander opossum* LR/lc

### Infraclass: Eutheria

#### Order: Cingulata (armadillos)

The armadillos are small mammals with a bony armoured shell. They are native to the Americas. There are around 20 extant species.

* Family: Dasypodidae (armadillos)
	+ Subfamily: Dasypodinae
		- Genus: *Dasypus*
			* Nine-banded armadillo, *Dasypus novemcinctus* LC
	+ Subfamily: Tolypeutinae
		- Genus: *Cabassous*
			* Northern naked-tailed armadillo, *Cabassous centralis* DD

#### Order: Pilosa (anteaters, sloths and tamanduas)

The order Pilosa is extant only in the Americas and includes the anteaters, sloths, and tamanduas.

* Suborder: Vermilingua
	+ Family: Myrmecophagidae (American anteaters)
		- Genus: *Myrmecophaga*
			* Giant anteater, *Myrmecophaga tridactyla* VU possibly extirpated
		- Genus: *Tamandua*
			* Northern tamandua, *Tamandua mexicana* LC

#### Order: Primates

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes.

* Suborder: Haplorhini
	+ Infraorder: Simiiformes
		- Parvorder: Platyrrhini
			* + Family: Atelidae
					- Subfamily: Atelinae
						* Genus: *Ateles*
							+ Geoffroy's spider monkey, *Ateles geoffroyi* LC

#### Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

* Suborder: Hystricognathi
	+ - Family: Erethizontidae (New World porcupines)
			* Subfamily: Erethizontinae
				+ Genus: *Coendou*
					- Mexican hairy dwarf porcupine, *Coendou mexicanus* LR/lc
		- Family: Dasyproctidae (agoutis and pacas)
			* Genus: *Dasyprocta*
				+ Central American agouti, *Dasyprocta punctata* LR/lc
	+ Family: Cuniculidae
		- Genus: *Cuniculus*
			* Lowland paca, *Cuniculus paca* LC
* Suborder: Sciurognathi
	+ - Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
			* Subfamily: Sciurinae
				+ Tribe: Sciurini
					- Genus: *Sciurus*
						* Deppe's squirrel, *Sciurus deppei* LR/lc
						* Variegated squirrel, *Sciurus variegatoides* LR/lc
		- Family: Heteromyidae
			* Subfamily: Heteromyinae
				+ Genus: *Heteromys*
					- Desmarest's spiny pocket mouse, *Heteromys desmarestianus* LR/lc
					- Salvin's spiny pocket mouse, *Heteromys salvini* LR/lc
		- Family: Cricetidae
			* Subfamily: Tylomyinae
				+ Genus: *Nyctomys*
					- Sumichrast's vesper rat, *Nyctomys sumichrasti* LR/lc
				+ Genus: *Ototylomys*
					- Big-eared climbing rat, *Ototylomys phyllotis* LR/lc
				+ Genus: *Tylomys*
					- Peters's climbing rat, *Tylomys nudicaudus* LR/lc
			* Subfamily: Neotominae
				+ Genus: *Baiomys*
					- Southern pygmy mouse, *Baiomys musculus* LR/lc
				+ Genus: *Habromys*
					- Crested-tailed deer mouse, *Habromys lophurus* LR/lc
				+ Genus: *Neotoma*
					- Mexican woodrat, *Neotoma mexicana* LR/lc
				+ Genus: *Peromyscus*
					- Aztec mouse, *Peromyscus aztecus* LR/lc
					- Naked-eared deer mouse, *Peromyscus gymnotis* LR/lc
					- Nimble-footed mouse, *Peromyscus levipes* LR/lc
					- Stirton's deer mouse, *Peromyscus stirtoni* LR/lc
				+ Genus: *Reithrodontomys*
					- Fulvous harvest mouse, *Reithrodontomys fulvescens* LR/lc
					- Slender harvest mouse, *Reithrodontomys gracilis* LR/lc
					- Mexican harvest mouse, *Reithrodontomys mexicanus* LR/lc
					- Sumichrast's harvest mouse, *Reithrodontomys sumichrasti* LR/lc
				+ Genus: *Scotinomys*
					- Alston's brown mouse, *Scotinomys teguina* LR/lc
			* Subfamily: Sigmodontinae
				+ Genus: *Oligoryzomys*
					- Fulvous pygmy rice rat, *Oligoryzomys fulvescens* LR/lc
				+ Genus: *Oryzomys*
					- Alfaro's rice rat, *Oryzomys alfaroi* LR/lc
					- Coues' rice rat, *Oryzomys couesi* LR/lc
					- Long-nosed rice rat, *Oryzomys rostratus* LR/lc
					- Cloud forest rice rat, *Oryzomys saturatior* LR/lc
				+ Genus: *Rheomys*
					- Thomas's water mouse, *Rheomys thomasi* LR/lc
				+ Genus: *Sigmodon*
					- Southern cotton rat, *Sigmodon hirsutus* LC

#### Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

* + Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
		- Genus: *Sylvilagus*
			* Eastern cottontail, *Sylvilagus floridanus* LR/lc
			* Central American tapetí, *Sylvilagus gabbi* LC

#### Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews, hedgehogs, moles, and solenodons)

Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice, hedgehogs carry spines, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

* + Family: Soricidae (shrews)
		- Subfamily: Soricinae
			* Tribe: Blarinini
				+ Genus: *Cryptotis*
					- Goodwin's broad-clawed shrew, *Cryptotis goodwini* LR/lc
					- Honduran small-eared shrew, *Cryptotis hondurensis* VU
					- Blackish small-eared shrew, *Cryptotis nigrescens* LR/lc
					- North American least shrew, *Cryptotis parva* LR/lc

#### Order: Chiroptera (bats)

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

* + Family: Noctilionidae
		- Genus: *Noctilio*
			* Lesser bulldog bat, *Noctilio albiventris* LR/lc
			* Greater bulldog bat, *Noctilio leporinus* LR/lc
	+ Family: Vespertilionidae
		- Subfamily: Myotinae
			* Genus: *Myotis*
				+ Elegant myotis, *Myotis elegans* LR/nt
				+ Hairy-legged myotis, *Myotis keaysi* LR/lc
				+ Black myotis, *Myotis nigricans* LR/lc
				+ Cave myotis, *Myotis velifer* LR/lc
		- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
			* Genus: *Eptesicus*
				+ Brazilian brown bat, *Eptesicus brasiliensis* LR/lc
				+ Big brown bat, *Eptesicus fuscus* LR/lc
			* Genus: *Lasiurus*
				+ Desert red bat, *Lasiurus blossevillii* LR/lc
				+ Southern yellow bat, *Lasiurus ega* LR/lc
				+ Northern yellow bat, *Lasiurus intermedius* LR/lc
			* Genus: *Rhogeessa*
				+ Black-winged little yellow bat, *Rhogeessa tumida* LR/lc
	+ Family: Molossidae
		- Genus: *Eumops*
			* Black bonneted bat, *Eumops auripendulus* LR/lc
			* Dwarf bonneted bat, *Eumops bonariensis* LR/lc
			* Underwood's bonneted bat, *Eumops underwoodi* LR/nt
		- Genus: *Molossus*
			* Black mastiff bat, *Molossus ater* LR/lc
			* *Molossus coibensis* LR/nt
			* Velvety free-tailed bat, *Molossus molossus* LR/lc
			* Sinaloan mastiff bat, *Molossus sinaloae* LR/lc
		- Genus: *Nyctinomops*
			* Broad-eared bat, *Nyctinomops laticaudatus* LR/lc
		- Genus: *Tadarida*
			* Mexican free-tailed bat, *Tadarida brasiliensis* LR/nt
	+ Family: Emballonuridae
		- Genus: *Balantiopteryx*
			* Gray sac-winged bat, *Balantiopteryx plicata* LR/lc
		- Genus: *Diclidurus*
			* Northern ghost bat, *Diclidurus albus* LR/lc
		- Genus: *Peropteryx*
			* Greater dog-like bat, *Peropteryx kappleri* LR/lc
			* Lesser dog-like bat, *Peropteryx macrotis* LR/lc
		- Genus: *Rhynchonycteris*
			* Proboscis bat, *Rhynchonycteris naso* LR/lc
		- Genus: *Saccopteryx*
			* Greater sac-winged bat, *Saccopteryx bilineata* LR/lc
			* Lesser sac-winged bat, *Saccopteryx leptura* LR/lc
	+ Family: Mormoopidae
		- Genus: *Mormoops*
			* Ghost-faced bat, *Mormoops megalophylla* LR/lc
		- Genus: *Pteronotus*
			* Naked-backed bat, *Pteronotus davyi* LR/lc
			* Big naked-backed bat, *Pteronotus gymnonotus* LR/lc
			* Parnell's mustached bat, *Pteronotus parnellii* LR/lc
			* Wagner's mustached bat, *Pteronotus personatus* LR/lc
	+ Family: Phyllostomidae
		- Subfamily: Phyllostominae
			* Genus: *Chrotopterus*
				+ Big-eared woolly bat, *Chrotopterus auritus* LR/lc
			* Genus: *Lonchorhina*
				+ Tomes's sword-nosed bat, *Lonchorhina aurita* LR/lc
			* Genus: *Macrophyllum*
				+ Long-legged bat, *Macrophyllum macrophyllum* LR/lc
			* Genus: *Micronycteris*
				+ Schmidts's big-eared bat, *Micronycteris schmidtorum* LR/lc
			* Genus: *Phyllostomus*
				+ Pale spear-nosed bat, *Phyllostomus discolor* LR/lc
			* Genus: *Trachops*
				+ Fringe-lipped bat, *Trachops cirrhosus* LR/lc
		- Subfamily: Glossophaginae
			* Genus: *Anoura*
				+ Geoffroy's tailless bat, *Anoura geoffroyi* LR/lc
			* Genus: *Choeroniscus*
				+ Godman's long-tailed bat, *Choeroniscus godmani* LR/nt
			* Genus: *Choeronycteris*
				+ Mexican long-tongued bat, *Choeronycteris mexicana* LR/nt
			* Genus: *Glossophaga*
				+ Commissaris's long-tongued bat, *Glossophaga commissarisi* LR/lc
				+ Gray long-tongued bat, *Glossophaga leachii* LR/lc
				+ Pallas's long-tongued bat, *Glossophaga soricina* LR/lc
			* Genus: *Leptonycteris*
				+ Southern long-nosed bat, *Leptonycteris curasoae* VU
		- Subfamily: Carolliinae
			* Genus: *Carollia*
				+ Silky short-tailed bat, *Carollia brevicauda* LR/lc
				+ Seba's short-tailed bat, *Carollia perspicillata* LR/lc
				+ Gray short-tailed bat, *Carollia subrufa* LR/lc
		- Subfamily: Stenodermatinae
			* Genus: *Artibeus*
				+ Aztec fruit-eating bat, *Artibeus aztecus* LR/lc
				+ *Artibeus incomitatus* DD
				+ Honduran fruit-eating bat, *Artibeus inopinatus* VU
				+ Jamaican fruit bat, *Artibeus jamaicensis* LR/lc
				+ Great fruit-eating bat, *Artibeus lituratus* LR/lc
				+ Pygmy fruit-eating bat, *Artibeus phaeotis* LR/lc
				+ Toltec fruit-eating bat, *Artibeus toltecus* LR/lc
			* Genus: *Centurio*
				+ Wrinkle-faced bat, *Centurio senex* LR/lc
			* Genus: *Chiroderma*
				+ Salvin's big-eyed bat, *Chiroderma salvini* LR/lc
				+ Hairy big-eyed bat, *Chiroderma villosum* LR/lc
			* Genus: *Enchisthenes*
				+ Velvety fruit-eating bat, *Enchisthenes hartii* LR/lc
			* Genus: *Sturnira*
				+ Little yellow-shouldered bat, *Sturnira lilium* LR/lc
				+ Highland yellow-shouldered bat, *Sturnira ludovici* LR/lc
			* Genus: *Uroderma*
				+ Tent-making bat, *Uroderma bilobatum* LR/lc
				+ Brown tent-making bat, *Uroderma magnirostrum* LR/lc
			* Genus: *Vampyressa*
				+ Southern little yellow-eared bat, *Vampyressa pusilla* LR/lc
			* Genus: *Vampyrodes*
				+ Great stripe-faced bat, *Vampyrodes caraccioli* LR/lc
			* Genus: *Platyrrhinus*
				+ Heller's broad-nosed bat, *Platyrrhinus helleri* LR/lc
		- Subfamily: Desmodontinae
			* Genus: *Desmodus*
				+ Common vampire bat, *Desmodus rotundus* LR/lc
			* Genus: *Diaemus*
				+ White-winged vampire bat, *Diaemus youngi* LR/lc
			* Genus: *Diphylla*
				+ Hairy-legged vampire bat, *Diphylla ecaudata* LR/nt

#### Order: Cetacea (whales)

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

* Suborder: Mysticeti
	+ Family: Balaenopteridae (baleen whales)
		- Genus: *Balaenoptera*
			* Common minke whale, *Balaenoptera acutorostrata*
			* Sei whale, *Balaenoptera borealis*
			* Bryde's whale, *Balaenoptera brydei*
			* Blue whale, *Balaenoptera musculus*
		- Genus: *Megaptera*
			* Humpback whale, *Megaptera novaeangliae*
* Suborder: Odontoceti
	+ Superfamily: Platanistoidea
		- Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
			* Genus: *Delphinus*
				+ Short-beaked common dolphin, *Delphinus delphis* DD
			* Genus: *Feresa*
				+ Pygmy killer whale, *Feresa attenuata* DD
			* Genus: *Globicephala*
				+ Short-finned pilot whale, *Globicephala macrorhyncus* DD
			* Genus: *Lagenodelphis*
				+ Fraser's dolphin, *Lagenodelphis hosei* DD
			* Genus: *Grampus*
				+ Risso's dolphin, *Grampus griseus* DD
			* Genus: *Orcinus*
				+ Killer whale, *Orcinus orca* DD
			* Genus: *Peponocephala*
				+ Melon-headed whale, *Peponocephala electra* DD
			* Genus: *Pseudorca*
				+ False killer whale, *Pseudorca crassidens* DD
			* Genus: *Stenella*
				+ Pantropical spotted dolphin, *Stenella attenuata* DD
				+ Spinner dolphin, *Stenella longirostris* DD
			* Genus: *Steno*
				+ Rough-toothed dolphin, *Steno bredanensis* DD
			* Genus: *Tursiops*
				+ Common bottlenose dolphin, *Tursiops truncatus*
		- Family: Physeteridae (sperm whales)
			* Genus: *Physeter*
				+ Sperm whale, *Physeter catodon* DD
		- Family: Kogiidae (dwarf sperm whales)
			* Genus: *Kogia*
				+ Pygmy sperm whale, *Kogia breviceps* DD
				+ Dwarf sperm whale, *Kogia sima* DD
	+ Superfamily Ziphioidea
		- Family: Ziphidae (beaked whales)
			* Genus: *Mesoplodon*
				+ Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale, *Mesoplodon ginkgodens* DD
				+ Pygmy beaked whale, *Mesoplodon peruvianus* DD
			* Genus: *Ziphius*
				+ Cuvier's beaked whale, *Ziphius cavirostris* DD

#### Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

There are over 260 species of carnivores, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

* Suborder: Feliformia
	+ Family: Felidae (cats)
		- Subfamily: Felinae
			* Genus:*Herpailurus*
				+ Jaguarundi, *H. yagouaroundi* LC
			* Genus: *Leopardus*
				+ Ocelot, *L. pardalis* LC
				+ Margay, *L. wiedii* LC
			* Genus: *Puma*
				+ Cougar, *P. concolor* LC
		- Subfamily: Pantherinae
			* Genus: *Panthera*
				+ Jaguar, *P. onca* NT extirpated
* Suborder: Caniformia
	+ Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
		- Genus: *Canis*
			* Coyote, *Canis latrans* LC
		- Genus: *Urocyon*
			* Gray fox, *Urocyon cinereoargenteus* LC
	+ Family: Procyonidae (raccoons)
		- Genus: *Bassariscus*
			* Cacomistle, *Bassariscus sumichrasti* LR/nt
		- Genus: *Nasua*
			* White-nosed coati, *Nasua narica* LR/lc
		- Genus: *Potos*
			* Kinkajou, *Potos flavus* LR/lc
		- Genus: *Procyon*
			* Common raccoon, *Procyon lotor* LR/lc
	+ Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
		- Genus: *Eira*
			* Tayra, *Eira barbara* LR/lc
		- Genus: *Galictis*
			* Greater grison, *Galictis vittata* LR/lc
		- Genus: *Lontra*
			* Neotropical river otter, *Lontra longicaudis* NT
		- Genus: *Neogale*
			* Long-tailed weasel, *Neogale frenata* LR/lc
	+ Family: Mephitidae
		- Genus: *Conepatus*
			* American hog-nosed skunk, *Conepatus leuconotus* LR/lc
		- Genus: *Mephitis*
			* Hooded skunk, *Mephitis macroura* LR/lc
		- Genus: *Spilogale*
			* Eastern spotted skunk, *Spilogale putorius* LR/lc
	+ Family: Otariidae (eared seals)
		- Genus: *Zalophus*
			* California sea lion, *Zalophus californianus* LR/lc vagrant

#### Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.

* Family: Tapiridae (tapirs)
	+ Genus: *Tapirus*
		- Baird's tapir, *T. bairdii* EN extirpated

#### Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

* Family: Tayassuidae (peccaries)
	+ Genus: *Dicotyles*
		- Collared peccary, *D. tajacu* LC
	+ Genus: *Tayassu*
		- White-lipped peccary, *T. pecari* VU extirpated
* Family: Cervidae (deer)
	+ Subfamily: Capreolinae
		- Genus: *Mazama*
			* Central American red brocket, *Mazama temama* DD
		- Genus: *Odocoileus*
			* White-tailed deer, *O. virginianus* LC

## Notes

1. ↑ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
2. ↑ Aurioles, D.; Trillmich, F. (2008). "*Zalophus californianus*". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2008**. Retrieved 30 January 2009. old-form url

## References

* "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mammals of El Salvador". IUCN. 2001. Retrieved 22 May 2007. [*dead link*]
* "Mammal Species of the World". Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. 2005. Archived from the original on 27 April 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2007.
* "Animal Diversity Web". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 1995–2006. Retrieved 22 May 2007.

## See also

* List of chordate orders
* Lists of mammals by region
* List of prehistoric mammals
* Mammal classification
* List of mammals described in the 2000s