recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Costa Rica

## History of Costa Rica

* The first European explorer to encounter Costa Rica was the Great Navigator himself, Christopher Columbus.
* The day was September 18, 1502, and Columbus was making his fourth and final voyage to the New World.
* Civilization existed in Costa Rica for thousands of years before the arrival of Columbus, and evidence of human occupation in the region dates back 10,000 years.
* By the time Columbus arrived, there were four major indigenous tribes living in Costa Rica
Economics of China

* China has shifted from a centrally-planned to a market-based economy and has experienced rapid economic    and social development.
* In recent years, China has emerged as a major global economic power.
* It is now the world’s largest economy (on a purchasing power parity basis), manufacturer, merchandise trader, and holder of foreign exchange reserve.(Wayne M. Morrison Specialist in Asian Trade and Finance October 21, 2015)
Current News from Switzerland

Swiss airports, train stations and border posts have increased security after attacks on Brussels’ airport and a rush-hour metro train killed more than 30 people and injured around 200. The threat level in Switzerland, which had already been raised following the attacks in Paris in November, has not changed. (swissinfo.ch and agencies MAR 22, 2016 - 18:03)
Saudi Arabia

* Saudi Arabia occupies most of the Arabian Peninsula and is the largest country in area in the Middle East—but 95 percent of the land is desert
* Mountains running parallel to the Red Sea slope down to plains along the Persian Gulf (called Arabian Gulf by Arab states)
* Below the arid landscape, oil has made this desert kingdom one of the wealthiest nations in the world.
ECONOMICS of Paraguay

* The economy is **based on the country’s agricultural riches**, especially the **Timber** industry  and stock reading activities. They are known for the Citrus fruits, wheat, coffee, sugarcane and tobacco

* Paraguay has a **small but relatively open economy** and **vast natural resources**. Driven by agricultural production and foreign trade, the **economy has expanded at an average annual rate of 7 percent over the past five years**. However, the emergence of a more vibrant private sector remains constrained by **institutional weaknesses**, and progress on reforming the public sector has been uneven
Gawain

O Gawain (ガウェイン, Gau ~ ein), em homenagem a Sir Gawain dos Cavaleiros da Távola Redonda, é um protótipo Knightmare Quadro desenvolvido em particular pelo príncipe Schneizel el Britannia . É incomum, que é três vezes o tamanho da maioria dos outros Knightmares e apresenta uma cabine double-seater, mesmo que ele não precisa de ser operado por duas pessoas. Também não parece apresentam Factspheres ou um sistema de ejeção identificável. No entanto, com a criação do Gawain, permitiu Britannia para desenvolver Knightmares baseados fora dele, como o Gareth e Galahad .
Nigeria

***Capital City***: Abuja

***Name***: From a native term Ni Gir meaning flowing water, the country is named after the Niger River

## History of Nigeria

The first inhabitants of what is now Nigeria were thought to have been the Nok people. The Kanuri, Hausa, and Fulani peoples subsequently migrated therein 500 BC. Islam was introduced in the 13th century, and the empire of Kanem controlled the area from the end of the 11th century to the 14th.

Brittan became the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria in 1914. During World War I, native troops of the West African frontier force joined with French forces to defeat the German garrison in Cameroon. In Jan. 1970, after 31 months of civil war, Biafra surrendered to the federal government. t. 1, 1960, Nigeria gained independence, becoming a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and joining the United Nations.

* ***Ethnicity***: Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups; the following are the most populous and politically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%

**Want to know more about MILITARY of Nigeria?** (CLICK HERE)
Security in Congo DRC

* There are Armed groups, bandits, and elements of the Congolese armed forces, primarily located in the small provinces that are known to kill, rape, kidnap, pillage, steal vehicles, and carry out military or paramilitary operations in which civilians can be indiscriminately targeted. Kidnapping for ransom is common, particularly in areas north and west of Goma, North Kivu. Many countries such Canada and the US have restricted tourism in Congo DRC
Economics of Brazil

* In the past few years Brazil’s economy has disappointed

* It grew by 2.2% a year, on average, during President Dilma Rousseff’s first term in office in 2011-­14, a slower rate of growth than in most of its neighbours

* Last year GDP shrivelled by 3.8%

* Household consumption has registered the first drop, year-on-year, since Ms Rousseff’s left-wing Workers’ Party (PT) came to power in 2003

* Debt payments eat up more than 8% of output

* Brazil's economy will take a while to heal
Interesting Facts about Australia

***The impact of war and*** post-war prosperity:

* During the first world war in 1914, the **male population was less than 3 million**. Despite this, Australia formed a value to endure in the long-run: the **‘Anzac’** ethos of courage and spirit. Every year on **25 April, Australia honors the brave** but devastating battle fought by the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps—Anzacs—at Gallipoli, Turkey, in 1915. The day also honors all Australian soldiers who

have fought in wars since then.

* However, the period between the **two world wars created instability**, causing social and economic  divisions to widen during the depression year, while many **financial institutions in Australia failed**. However, **during the second world war**, **Australian forces** made a significant **contribution to the allied victory** in Europe and in Asia and the Pacific.

* **Millions of refugees** and migrants arrived in Australia after the war**. Most of the migrants and** refugees were **young people** who were energetic and ambitious, this **created a** boom in the economy **and increased the employment rate in the manufacturing** industry.
The Government and Security of China

* The executive branch consists of the **president**, who is head of state, and the premier, who is head of    government.
* The president is elected by the NPC for a five-year term and is eligible for reelection.

***Security:*** A long and in many places geographically vulnerable border. The presence of many potential threats, both nearby and distant.

Want to know about ***MILITARY*** of China? (CLICK HERE)
Languages in Australia

Australian english,known as **‘strine’**, also called **Ozspeak**, is Australia’s linggo of expressing abbreviations, hyperbole, profanities, vulgar expressions and word-tweaking. Strine is the language of a rebellious subculture and has its origins in the

Cockney (London) and Irish slang of the early convicts

The use of strine and slang words varies with the state or region

***Aboriginal languages:***

Australia’s indigenous society has the longest unbroken cultural history in the world, with evidence leading as far as 60,000 years

**In 1788**, when the First Fleet arrived in Australia, there were an **estimated of 250 languages** (which believed to be evolved from a single language family, or the origination of the “mother’s tongue”, and comprising 700 dialects

**Only 20 languages**
survive today**, out of the original 250 languages;**

This is because these
surviving 20 languages are either spoken regularly or taught at school/
Military of the US

The U.S. Armed Forces are made up of the five armed service branches: Air Force, Army, Coast Guard, Marine Corps, and Navy. There are three general categories of military people: active duty (full-time soldiers and sailors), reserve & guard forces (usually work a civilian job, but can be called to full-time military duty), and veterans and retirees (past members of the military).

**Air Force and**
**Air Force Reserve:**

The nation's source of air and
space power. The primary mission of the USAF is to fly planes, helicopters, and satellites.

**Air National**
**Guard**:

The Air National Guard as we
know it today is a separate reserve component of the United States Air Force.

**Army and Army**
**Reserve**:

The dominant land power. The
Army generally moves in to an area, secures it, and instills order and values before it leaves. It also guards U.S. installations and properties throughout the world.

**Army National Guard**:

The Army
National Guard is an elite group of warriors who dedicate a portion of their time to serving their nation. Each state has its own Guard, as required by the Constitution; in fact, it is the only branch of the military whose existence is
actually required by the Constitution.

**Coast Guard and**
**Coast Guard Reserve**:

The Coast Guard's mission is primarily with domestic waterways. The Coast Guard does rescues, law enforcement, drug prevention, and clears waterways.

**Marine Corps and**
**Marine Corps Reserve:**

The Marine Corps is known as the U.S.' rapid-reaction force. They are trained to fight by sea and land, and usually are the first "boots on the ground." Marines are known as the world's fiercest warriors.

**Navy and Navy**
**Reserve**:

The Navy accomplishes its missions primarily by sea, but also by air and land. It secures and protects the oceans around the world to create peace and stability, making the seas safe for travel and trade.
Tourism of Dominicana

* The Dominican Republic is renowned as an affordable beach destination brimming with package tourists and enticing all-inclusive resorts
* But the country is also a captivating blend of culture, history, and stunning natural beauty
* The main tourist magnets are the areas around Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, La Romana and Samaná
* However, the country's cultural jewel is the capital, Santo Domingo, a UNESCO World Heritage Site
* In addition to well-developed beach resorts and world-class golf courses, the Dominican Republic is home to vast coral reefs, waterfalls, jungles, secluded islands, pine forests, and the highest peaks in the Caribbean
* Thanks to these diverse ecosystems, recreational opportunities abound. Adventure seekers head to the mountains to raft the white waters of the Río Yaque del NortePuero Plata VillagePunta Cana BeachLa Romana Place
The Story of Chevreuil/Prolog

**Prolog**

Przez ciemno zielone liście na drzewach delikatnie przebijały się promienie wschodzącego słońca. Światło załamywało się na szybach okien drewnianej chatki, rozlewając się po pomieszczeniu, w którym przy stole siedziały dwie postacie. Jedna z nich była kobieca, o smukłej i wysokiej sylwetce, druga zaś męska, niska i bardzo stara. Wysoka szatynka stukała nerwowo palcami o blat stołu. Starzec siedzący naprzeciwko niej jednak nie okazywał żadnego zniecierpliwienia. Wręcz przeciwnie, w jego dobrotliwych oczach malowało się współczucie.

-Agnès, decyzja należy do Ciebie, ale wiedz, że...

-Sytuacja jest poważna, zdaję sobie z tego sprawę! - kobieta zakryła twarz dłońmi. - Po prostu... Nie chcę od razu jej obarczać taką odpowiedzialnością. - wyszeptała.

-To jest również zaszczyt. Pewnie pamiętasz wciąż tę satysfakcję płynącą z uratowania kogoś, prawda?

Agnès smutno spojrzała spod podkrążonych oczu na starca.

-Oraz ból po straceniu kogoś bliskiego. Tylko przez swoją własną nieudolność i bezsilność - zacisnęła drżące wargi. Jej oczy zrobiły się szkliste.

-To nie była twoja wina. Tego nie dało się przewidzieć - złapał ją za rękę. - Posłuchaj... wiele miraculum zostało skradzione. Twojego pewnie już szukają. Jedyne miejsce, w którym będziecie bezpieczne, ty i ona, to Paryż. Tam znajdziecie innych superbohaterów.

-Chevreuil działa samodzielnie - każde słowo wypowiedziała powoli, ostrożnie.

-To musi się zmienić... Już i tak jedna osoba to zrobiła.

-Chcesz powiedzieć, że jest inna Chev? - Agnès spytała się niepewnie, marszcząc brwi.

Po chwili zastanowienia odpowiedział.

-Tak. To bardzo... Skomplikowany i rzadki przypadek. Bliźniacze miraculum.

-Czemu akurat ona?

-Twoja siostrzenica została wybrana. Jednak, jak już mówiłem, decyzja należy do ciebie.

Kobieta wplotła palce lewej ręki w swoje włosy w kolorze ciemnego blondu. Szare oczy wciąż wpatrywały się w jeden, odległy punkt. Jedyne dźwięki, które można było dosłyszeć, to śpiew ptaków i nerwowe stukanie wychudłych palców kobiety o blat stołu. Po pięciu minutach przemówiła:

-Zgadzam się. Ale nie wrócę do Paryża. Nie dam rady zobaczyć ponownie tego miejsca... Tego, w którym to wszystko się zaczęło.

-To dla twojego bezpieczeństwa...

-Nie.

Mężczyzna głęboko odetchnął. Uśmiechnął się pod nosem.

-Nie zmieniłaś się, Agnès. Wciąż jesteś strasznie uparta - zaśmiał się się serdecznie. Dał jej do ręki list, dotychczas schowany w hawajskiej koszuli. - Wręcz to Rosalie. To list polecony z... dobrze znanej tobie szkoły. Wtedy na pewno się zgodzi.

Wstał. Zaczął kierować się w stronę wyjścia. Stojąc już w drzwiach, spojrzał jeszcze raz na Agnès. Na jego twarzy pojawił się smutny uśmiech. Wyszedł. Po chwili zniknął między pniami drzew.

Kobieta jeszcze przez pół godziny siedziała w zamyśleniu, zapatrzona ponownie w oddalony punkt. Powoli podniosła się z krzesła i po schodach weszła na strych. Otworzyła czarne pudełko. W środku pojawiła się beżowa opaska.

-Zrobię tak, jak chcesz, Mistrzu Fu...
Economics of Dominicana

* The Dominican Republic has implemented a **number of regulatory reforms**. With licensing requirements cut, business start-ups are less time-consuming.
* In 2015, a **streamlined bankruptcy law** was adopted
* A liberalized investment regime has facilitated **growth around free trade zones** and contributed to economic expansion of about 5 percent annually over the past five years
* Revitalizing the political momentum for deeper institutional reform remains critical to long-term economic development.
* **Further progress** on structural reform has become **challenging**, with fiscal adjustments complicated by entrenched interests
* **Corruption and erratic enforcement of the law** continue to reduce commercial confidence and **undercut economic dynamism**
* Danilo Medina of the center-left Dominican Liberation Party won the presidency in August 2012, but **corruption remains a serious systemic problem** at all levels of government
* **In 2014**, the Dominican Republic’s **economy grew at the fastest rate in Latin America**, driven by a continuing expansion of mining activity and strong growth in service-based sectors such as tourism and finance.President of DominicanaSanto Domingo City
Mending Hearts

Much healing can come from reconciliation. This power is known to make allies out of enemies.

## Trivia

* Is part of the De Lux Theme Deck
* Art is by Yamerpro

## Game Use

Element: Light

Property: Energy

Function: **Mending Hearts** is a life action.

Rating: Life 9 adds 9 HP to the target.

Effects: **Mending Hearts** heals the user and an opponent. Target the opponent.
Tourism in Costa Rica

Playa Conchal BeachArenal VolcanoHiking in Costa Rica!Tourism

Costa Rica is one of the most **highly valued tourist destinations** in this planet. In just 51.000 square kilometres, the visitor can enjoy lovely **tropical beaches, the grandest adventures, the wonders of nature, scintillating culture**, all the necessary components of an ideal vacation. No wonder, then, that **thousands of tourists** have made Costa Rica their top travel choice.
Government of Saudi Arabia

* ***Government***:  Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchy, the country does not possess a legally-binding written constitution. However, the Basic Law of Saudi Arabia was adopted by royal decree in 1992. The Basic Law overviews the responsibilities and processes of the growing institutions, but is insufficiently specific enough to be considered an actual constitution. It also states that the Qu'ran and the Sunna are the country's constitution.

* ***Chief of State***: **King and Prime Minister**

* ***Head of Government***: King and Prime Minister Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud

* **Riyadh is the capital city** and the largest city in Saudi Arabia. The city is known for its largest all women university in the world.
Languages Spoken in Costa Rica

* Costa Rica's official and predominant language is **Spanish**.
* The variety spoken there, **Costa Rican Spanish**, is a form of Central American Spanish.
* Costa Rica is a linguistically diverse country and home to at least five living local indigenous languages spoken by the descendants of pre-Columbian peoples: **Maléku,Cabécar, Bribri, Guaymí, and Buglere**.
Barbados

## History of Barbados

* Barbados is thought to have been originally **inhabited by Arawak Indians**

Barbados was a member of the Federation of the West Indies from 1958 to 1962. **Britain granted the colony independence on Nov. 30, 1966**, and it became a parliamentary democracy within the Commonwealth.\*

    By the time Europeans explored the island, however, it was uninhabited

* The **Portuguese were the first Europeans** to set foot **on the island**, but it was the **British who first established a colony there in 1627**
* Colonists first cultivated tobacco and cotton, but by the 1640s they had switched to sugar, which was enormously profitable
* **Slaves were brought** in **from Africa** to work sugar plantations, and eventually the **population was about 90% black**
* A slave revolt took place in 1816; **slavery was** **abolished in the British Empire in 1834**
* Barbados was the administrative headquarters of the Windward Islands until it became a **separate colony in 1885**

* In parliamentary elections in January 2008, the Democratic Labour Party won 20 out of 30 seats. Former junior finance minister **David Thompson took over as prime minister**.
Paraguay

## History of Paraguay

Paraguay is a completely **landlocked** states located at the center of South America

but with a much smaller land area than the neighbouring countries of Brazil, Argentina and Bolivia, from the 16th century spanish domination and the foundation of Jesuit missions enable Paradoxically and the preservation of the Guarani culture. The country declared **independence in 1811**.

***The capital*** of Paraguay is Asuncion.

## Population of Paraguay

The population **density is one the lowest** in South America. Paraguayans are a mixed race people whose

origins lie with both spanish colonist and with Amerindian

people.
Economics of Jamaica

* A **number of structural and institutional shortcomings** still plague the Jamaican economy and hold back prospects for more dynamic economic development.
* Continuing **fiscal deficits** have pushed public **debt to about 140 percent of GDP**, trapping Jamaica in a cycle of debt service and borrowing.
* The **high burdens of government regulation** and **political favoritism** are a drag on Jamaica’s overall competitiveness.
* A **cumbersome bureaucracy** dissuades potential entrepreneurs, and pervasive corruption remains unchecked by anti-corruption measures that are not enforced.
* **Prime Minister Portia Simpson-Miller**’s People’s National Party, in office since 2012, must call elections no later than April 2017.
* Simpson-Miller has maintained market-friendly policies, but **economic growth has stalled**.
* **High levels of crime** contribute to economic uncertainty.
* Prospects are gradually improving thanks to lower oil prices and prudent monetary policy, which has slowed inflation.
* **Foreign exchange** is heavily **dependent on remittances, tourism, and bauxite production**.
* **Services** account for more than **60 percent of GDP**. Official **unemployment is high**.
	+ Prime Minister of Jamaica
	+1/3
Interesting Facts about Brazil

The world’s best beach – according to TripAdvisor – is Baia do Sancho, in Brazil. It is found in the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, just over an hour by air from Natal

* The country’s motto is “Ordem e Progresso”, meaning "order and progress"

* São Vicente, near Sao Paulo, is the oldest city in Brazil and was Portugal’s first permanent settlement in the Americas. Established in 1532, it is the birthplace of footballer Robinho

* Brasilia, the country’s capital, took just 41 months to build, from 1956 to 1960 (Rio had been the capital for the previous 197 years)

* A number of Nazis fled to Brazil after the Second World War, including Josef Mengele (the “Angel of Death”), known for his cruel experiments and fascination with twins
	+ Baia do Sancho
	+ Brasilia (Capital city)
	+ Brazil's motto1/3
Current news in Costa Rica

Costa Rica has issued a warning to the new wave of undocumented Cuban migrants hoping to travel by land from Ecuador to Central America and eventually the United States: they will not pass.

Foreign Minister Manuel González Sanz told el Nuevo Herald that Costa Rica was already worn down by its handling of the previous wave of 7,800 Cubans who were detained or stranded here from November of 2015 until March.

Manuel González Sanz, Costa Rica’s foreign minister "I want to make absolutely clear, to all the (Cuban) migrants who are coming and those already in Panama, that Costa Rica cannot and will not receive them,” González said. The country “will make use of all domestic and international measures at its disposal to address this situation, if we face something similar to what we faced from November to March.”
Current News from Nigeria

12 April 2016 – Ahead of the second anniversary of the abduction of 200 schoolgirls in the town of Chibok in Nigeria, a group of United Nations and African human rights experts today appealed to Boko Haram to immediately reveal the location of the girls, and urged the Government of Nigeria to escalate its efforts to free all civilians kidnaped by the group
Government of Paraguay

Constitutional republic

* The president of the Republic is elected by the universal suffrage of a single five years term of office
* The president combines the roles of head of the state and head of government and thereby holds sole executive powerHoracio Cartes (President of Paraguay)Building of the Government of ParaguayMeeting of President of Paraguay and Venezuela ambassador
Economics of Costa Rica

***Economics***

* Costa Rica’s economy has shown **moderate resilience** in the face of external economic challenges. Modest reform efforts have continued in several areas that are critical to improving economic freedom. The overall **regulatory framework has become slightly more efficient**, and business procedures have been streamlined.
* Despite uneven progress, implementation of policies that support open markets has facilitated vital entrepreneurship and investment. Costa Rica has **lagged**, however, **in promoting the effective rule of law**. The **judicial system**, while transparent, remains **vulnerable to political interference**, and lingering corruption hampers the emergence of more vibrant economic activity.
Lexique

Cette page a pour but de faciliter la lecture en y répertoriant les mots parses.

* **Amâj**: Unité de mesure équivalant à environ 250 mètres.
* **Djiin**: Esprit qui murmure aux oreilles des prêtresses.
* **Êrhan**: Général en chef de l'armée parse sous les ordres directs du roi.
* **Farsang**: Unité de mesure équivalant à environ 5 kilomètres.
* **Gazh**: Unité de mesure équivalant à environ 1 kilomètre.
* **Marzbâhn**: Général de l'armée parse commandant 10000 cavaliers.
* **Shah**: Titre distinguant le roi de Parse.
* **Yasashîn!**: Cri de guerre parse signifiant : "Chargez!"
Military of Jamaica

* Today, The Jamaican Military comprises an infantry Regiment and Reserve Corps, an Air Wing, a Coast Guard,

   fleet and a supporting Engineering Unit.

* The infantry regiment contains the 1st, 2nd and 3rd (National Reserve) battalions. The JDF Air Wing is divided into three flight units, a training unit, a support unit and the JDF Air Wing (National Reserve).

* The Coast Guard is divided between sea-going crews and support crews. It conducts maritime safety and maritime law enforcement as well as defense-related operations. The support battalion contains a Military Police platoon as well as vehicle, armourers and supply units.
Human Rights in Saudi Arabia

* Saudi **women need to be accompanied by a male guardian** known as a '**mahram'** **whenever they leave the house**. The guardian is often a male relative and will accompany women on all of their errands, including shopping trips and visits to the doctor. Although, **foreign women are not obligated to wear the hijab**, **if asked by an official they must do so**
Edge of Infinity

The **Edge of Infinity** is a mystical sword of unparalleled power, that exists on the very edge of comprehension itself. The **Edge of Infinity** resides simultaneously in several planes of otherworldly existences. In order to wield such a weapon (without the wielder losing their mind) the wielder must be able to conceptualize its power in relatable terms. While it's potential power is truly limitless, it will only manifest a level of power that it's wielder can comprehend. Thus, this blade is significantly stronger in the hands of an experienced warrior with a strong mind than in the hands of a common fighter.

## Trivia

* Is part of the Cosmic Deception Expansion
* Is part of the De Lux Theme Deck
* Art is by Yamerpro

## Gallery

Old artworkEdge of Infinity with old card design
## Game Use

Element: Mystic

Property: Energy

Function: **Edge of Infinity** is an attack.

Rating: Attack ? inflicts ? damage to the target.

Effects: **Edge of Infinity** the rating of this attack is equal to the rating of the top action card in the user's used pile.
USA's Economy

**Economics**

* Americans continue to lose economic freedom. Following declines in seven of the past eight years, the United States this year has equaled its **worst score ever in the Index of Economic Freedom**. Ratings for labor freedom, business freedom, and fiscal freedom have flagged notably, and the regulatory burden is increasingly costly.
* The United States remains mired in the ranks of the “mostly free,” the second-tier economic freedom status into which it dropped in 2010. **America’s** historically vibrant **entrepreneurial growth is significantly hampered** by **intrusive, expensive, and often ineffective government policies in areas ranging from health care to energy to education**. Government favoritism toward entrenched interests has hurt innovation and contributed to a lackluster recovery and stagnant income growth.
* President Barack Obama’s second-term efforts to expand government spending, the scope of the administrative state, and regulation have been stymied to some degree by political opposition in Congress. Yet the U.S. economy continues to underperform despite a private sector–led energy boom that has made the U.S. the world’s largest producer of oil and natural gas. **Uncertain responses to foreign policy challenges**, particularly concerning the Middle East, **have contributed to a loss of support for the President** and strong gains for Republicans in Congress and state legislatures. Political tensions related to racial, religious, and social issues have increased over the past year.
Pacify

The natural beauty of Lyra's lush wilds eases the soul. Even the ancient war machines now sleep beneath her forests.

## Trivia

* Is part of the Cosmic Deception Expansion
* Is part of the De Lux Theme Deck
* Art is by Penguin Attack Studios

## Game Use

Element: Nature

Property: Normal

Function: **Pacify** is a trap.

Rating: Trap 0 traps the action.

Effects: **Pacify** traps an attack.
England

## The History of England (Very Beginning)

* England was **settled** by humans for **at least 500,000 years**. The first modern humans (homo sapiens) arrived
* during the **Ice Age** (about 35,000 to 10,000 years ago), when the sea levels were lower and Britain was connected to the European mainland. It is these people who built the ancient megalithic monuments of Stonehenge and Avebury.

* Between 1,500 and 500 BCE, **Celtic tribes migrated** from Central Europe and France to Britain and **mixed with the indigenous inhabitants**, creating a new culture slightly distinct from the Continental Celtic one. This was the **Bronze Age**.

* The Romans tried a first time to invade *Britannia* (the Latin name of the island) in **55 BCE** under Julius Caesar, but weren't successful until 43 CE, during the reign of Emperor Claudius. **In 122 CE**, Emperor Hadrian built a wall in the north of Britannia to keep the barbarian Pics at bay.

## Modern History

* In 1952, **Elizabeth II** (b. 1926) ascended the throne at the age of 26
* The 70's brought the oil crisis and the collapse of the British industry. Conservative PM **Margaret Thatcher** (b. 1925) was elected in 1979 and stayed until 1990
* Thatcher was succeeded in her party by the unpopular John Major, but in 1997, the "New Labour" (more to the right than the "Old Labour") came back to power with **Tony Blair** (b. 1953)==
Languages in Saudi Arabia

* **Arabic is the official language** of Saudi Arabia, but **English is widely spoken**. It is used in business and is a **compulsory second language in schools**
* Among the **non-Saudi population**, many people speak **Urdu,** the official **language of Pakistan**, and other Asian languages such as **Farsi and Turkish**
Dominican Republic

## History of Dominican Republic

The Dominican Republic was explored by **Columbus** on his first voyage in **1492**.
* He named it **La Española**, and his son, **Diego**, was its **first viceroy**.
* The capital, **Santo Domingo**, founded in **1496**, is the **oldest European settlement** in the Western Hemisphere.
* Spain ceded the colony to France in 1795, and Haitian blacks under Toussaint L'Ouverture conquered it in 1801.
* In 1808, the people revolted and captured Santo Domingo the next year, setting up the first republic.
* Spain regained title to the colony in 1814.
* In 1821, **Spanish rule was overthrown**, but in 1822 the colony was reconquered by the Haitians
* In 1844, the Haitians were thrown out and the Dominican Republic was established, headed by Pedro Santana. Uprisings and Haitian attacks led Santana to make the country a province of Spain from 1861 to 1865.
* **President Buenaventura Báez**, faced with an economy in shambles, **attempted to have the**
* **country annexed to the U.S. in 1870**, but the U.S. Senate refused to ratify a treaty of annexation.
* Disorder continued until the **dictatorship of Ulíses Heureaux**; in 1916, when chaos broke out again, the U.S. sent in a contingent of marines, who remained there until 1924.
* A sergeant in the Dominican army trained by the marines, **Rafaél Leonides Trujillo Molina**, overthrew Horacio Vásquez in 1930 and established a dictatorship that lasted until his assassination in 1961, 31 years later.
* In **1962**, **Juan Bosch** of the leftist Dominican Revolutionary Party, became **the first democratically elected president** in four decades.
Languages of Dominicana

* The **official language** in the Dominican Republic is **Spanish**
* Most people involved in tourism **understand and speak at least some English**, if not other major tourism-related languages, such as German and French
* The **further** outside a **tourism** region one **goes**, the **more unlikely** the people are **to speak or understand** anything **other than Spanish**
* Learning to speak Spanish is not necessary to visit the Dominican Republic, but learning a few words and phrases will definitely make one's visit more enjoyable.
Interesting Facts about Costa Rica

Did you know...

* There are over 130 species of fish, 220 of reptiles, 1,000 butterflies (10% of the world’s butterflies are in Costa Rica!), 9,000 plants, 20,000 species of spiders and 34,000 species of insects!
* More than 25% of Costa Rican land is protected national parks and refuges.
* The average life expectancy of 77 years is one of the highest in the world.
* Costa Rica has a female president, Laura Chinchilla.
* Costa Rica has no standing army.  It was constitutionally abolished in 1949.
* They claim a 96% literacy rate.  In very poor and rural areas, where children can’t get to schools, they teach classes over a national radio station.
* Costa Rica is a popular choice for American expatriates who want to retire in the tropics.
* When a woman is pregnant they say she is “con luz,” or “with light.”
* “Pura Vida” is the national saying, which means “pure life,” a sunny, feel-good expression used as a greeting, goodbye, or if someone asks how you are doing.
Tourism of Jamaica

* In recent years, Jamaica has been ranked within the **top five** of the world's most favoured tourist destinations
* Jamaica was **rated highest** among her competitors in both the **number of travel agents who ranked Jamaica first** and also those who classified Jamaica among the top three in the Traveline Survey report on the **Quality of Tourist Office Service**, which was published in June 1998
* Jamaica's **hospitality is world-renowned**, with an intoxicating mix of natural beauty and welcoming accommodations
* Jamaica's tourism product is as diverse as it is warm and beautiful, and visitors keep coming back for more year after year.
* Tourists can visit beautiful spots on the island such as **Dunn’s River Falls, Doctor Cave Beach Club, Blue Mountains and the Bob Marley Museum**.
Economics of Canada

* As of 2015, Canada is **the world’s eleventh largest economy**. Its Nominal GDP is US1.79 trillion.

* Canada is a member of the Organisational for Economic Co-operation and Development (**OECD**) and the Group of Eight (**G8**)

* Canada is also one of the **world’s top trading economies**

* Has 13% share in global oil sands and is one of the **world's largest suppliers of agriculture products**

* Went through a **major recession** due to the global financial crisis of **2008** but has since stabilized
Population of Switzerland

* Swiss culture is characterised by **diversity**, which is reflected in a wide range of traditional customs. **German**: die Schweitzer, **French**: les Suisses, **Italian**: gli Svizzeri, **Romansh**: ils Svizzers are citizens or natives of Switzerland. The demonym derives from the toponym of Schwyz and has been in widespread use to refer to the Old Swiss Confederacy since the 16th century.

   ***Languages***: Three major languages, **German, French and Italian**, along with Romansh, spoken by a small minority.
Congo DRC

## History of Congo DRC

Congolese are descendant of Abantu, immigrated from
the north Africa; spread throughout Africa. Due to the industrialization, The belgium invaded congo in pursue of rubber for the use of automobiles and bicycles. Granted to King Leopold II of Belgium as his own pool of wealth. The people of congo were forced into brutal slavery to extract the natural resources; which were sent to America and Europe to build their nation into what it is today

    Language: French, Lingala, Tshiluba, Kikongo,  and swahili
Australia

Quick Info
* Official name: Commonwealth of Australia (a member of the British Commonwealth)
* Capital: Canberra
* Currency: The Australian Dollar (AUD)
* Queen Elizabeth II has sovereignty of Australia since 1952
* Peter Cosgrove has been the Governor-General since 2014
* Malcolm Turnbull is the current Prime Minister (elected in the year 2015)

* Being one of the Oceania countries, Australia is located between the South Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean
* Area: 2, 967, 893 sq mi (7, 686, 850 sq km)
* Population: 22, 507, 617 million (2014 est.)
* Australia has seven main cities: Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth, Hobart, Darwin

## History of Australia

* The first inhabitants of Australia were the Aborigines, who migrated there approximately 40,000 years ago from Southeast Asia. During the 17th century, Dutch, Portuguese, and Spanish Ships sighted Australia

* The Dutch landed at the Gulf of Carpentaria in 1606, which the territory was renamed as New Holland in 1616

* The British’s arrival was not until 1688, and was not until Captain James Cook's voyage in 1770 that Great Britain claimed possession of the vast island, calling it New South Wales

* A British penal colony was built at Port Jackson (and is now known as Sydney) in 1788, and approximately 161, 000 transported English convicts were settled there until the system was suspended in 1839

* Free settlers and former prisoners established the following six colonies:New South Wales (1786), Tasmania (formerly known as Van Diemen’s Land) (1825), Western Australia (1829), South Australia (1834), Victoria (1851), Queensland (1859)
* The six colonies became states and were federated into the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901
Economics of Russia

* Russia is **second largest producer of oil in the world**, producing an average of 9,900,000 barrels of crude per day. Saudi Arabia landed the top position with 10,900,000 barrels per day.However,the **country have been in  the longest recession in two decades**, there hasn’t been a lot of good economic news lately
Russian Federation

## History of Russia

* ***Ancient***Russia***(800-1200)***
* ***The Mongols and the Emergence of***Moscow***(1237-1613)***
* ***The Romanovs (1613-1825)***
* ***The Path to Revolution (1825-1920)***
* ***The Soviet Era (1920-1991)***
* ***Post-Communism (1991- present)***

Russians are the dominant ethnicity in Russia today. The Russian language belongs

to the East Slavic family and is related to Ukrainian and Belarusian. After a break out from the soviet Union the Russian federation gained Independence in August 24th 1991.
The United States of America

## History of the U.S.

* The date of the start of the history of the United States is a subject of debate     among historians. Older textbooks start with the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 3 August 1492 and emphasize the European background, or they start around 1600 and emphasize the American frontier.
* Indigenous people lived in what is now the United States for thousands of years before European colonists began to arrive, mostly from England, after 1600. The Spanish had small settlements in Florida and the Southwest, and the French along the Mississippi River and the Gulf Coast. By the 1770s, thirteen British colonies contained two and a half million people along the Atlantic coast east of the
* Appalachian Mountains. In the 1760s, the British government imposed a series of new taxes while rejecting the American argument that any new taxes had to be approved by the people
Economics of Nigeria

* The oil sector continues to dominate the economy, and the structural changes needed for broad-based development have not been forthcoming
* Progress on privatization has been limited
* Recent economic growth has not translated into real gains for most Nigerians
* Job creation has been impeded by bureaucratic rigidity and corruption in the economy, causing increased frustration among underemployed youth
* With the judicial system susceptible to political interference, the rule of law is weak.
Brazil

## History of Brazil

Historians and scientists have discovered that communities of people were living

in

what is now known as Brazil as long as **8 000 years ago**

These **first traceable human beings were nomadic and semi-nomadic people** who are believed (although not proven) to have come from parts of Asia in search of abundant hunting grounds

They were called Indians by the Portuguese, when this European nation eventually arrived. To get to South America from Asia, they had to cross the Pacific Ocean and / or Bering Strait.

**Slavery** was a major trend in Brazil, although this was rarely recorded in the official annals of history. These slaves were brought to South America from Africa. Therefore, many of the modern-day people of Brazil have African genes too.

Today, Brazil is a **democracy**, and used to boast one of the world’s fastest growing economies. As such, it remains a formidable competitor for other such lands.
North America (including Caribbean)

## North America

The North American continent is the ***3rd largest*** continent. It includes the countries of Canada, United States,

   Greenland, Mexico and the Latin American regions that serve as a connection between North and South America. North America makes up about ***17 percent of the world’s landmass*** and is home to about 8 percent of the people. The continent is found entirely in the northern hemisphere and surrounded by the Arctic Ocean to

the north, the Pacific Ocean to the West, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east.

***The population*** of about 565 million people.

*North American Countries that we want You to Get Acquainted with (CLICK on each of them to know MORE)*

## **Caribbean Region**

   A region that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean), and the surrounding coasts. The region is southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and the North American mainland, east of Central America, and north of South America.

Situated largely on the Caribbean Plate, the region comprises more than 700 islands, islets, reefs, and cays.

*Caribbean Countries that we want You to Get Acquainted with (CLICK on each of them to know MORE)*
Switzerland

* Called **Helvetia** in ancient times, Switzerland in 1291 was a league of cantons in the Holy Roman Empire

* French revolutionary troops **occupied the country in 1798** and named it the Helvetic Republic

* **In 1815**, the Congress of Vienna guaranteed the neutrality and recognized the independence of Switzerland
Current news in England

* The Panama Papers file collection belonging to offshore law firm Mossack Fonseca were leaked, which then named high profile figures who use offshore tax havens.
* The Prime Minister was pulled into the scandal as it was found his late father, Ian Cameron, had an offshore investment fund, Blairmore, a client of the firm which didn't pay tax in the UK.

* A FIFTH of people on streets of England 'already know' the name of celebrity love cheat who gagged the Press from revealing his identity, MailOnline survey reveals
* Many members of the British public already claim they know the identity of the married celebrity who took out an injunction to stop the Press reporting that he had a threesome with another couple, a snapshot poll has revealed.
Tourism in England

* One of the most visited countries in the world, England offers travellers endless possibilities when it comes to fun things to see and do. Part of the beautiful British Isles, this **small but influential country** is simply bursting with fascinating history, exciting cities and rich cultural traditions. Historic sites are found at every turn, from **old castles**dotting the picturesque countryside and **colleges** dating back to the Middle Ages to ancient **Roman sites** and centuries-old **royal palaces.**

* England is also extremely easy to get around, and whether you choose to tour the country by car or public transport, you're guaranteed an unforgettable experience.
Economics of Congo DRC

* Weak but repressive governance suppresses economic opportunity and traps many in persistent poverty. Poor protection of property rights and widespread corruption discourage entrepreneurial activity, undermining prospects for long-term economic expansion.

* Current news: the constitution limits presidents to two five-year mandates, and    rumours of Kabila's hopes for a third term have divided the political class. Young people of Congo demand change in the Congo RDC
The History of Costa Rica

**History**

* The first European explorer to encounter Costa Rica was the Great Navigator himself, Christopher Columbus. The day was September 18, 1502, and Columbus was making his fourth and final voyage to the New World.
* Civilization existed in Costa Rica for thousands of years before the arrival of Columbus, and evidence of human occupation in the region dates back 10,000 years.
* By the time Columbus arrived, there were four major indigenous tribes living in Costa Rica.
Notre Valkyrie

"Papi" (Presumed Father)

Notre **Valkyrie** (Birth name Calypso Harpsichord) is a minor character in the *Galatune* series. Notre Valkyrie is the daughter of the esteemed martial artists Lady Lorene Harpsichord of the Mindful Citadel. Valkyrie's mother and her husband Sir Oratorio raised Valkyrie as an apprentice and heir to the Harpsichord legacy, until she began to manifest strange powers. This culminated at her 8th birthday in which it was discovered that Valkyrie wasn't the Lyric daughter of Sir Oratorio at all, but rather a cursed Notre. Fearing for her daughter's safety, Valkyrie's mother smuggled her out of the Citadel and entrusted her care to a kind Human blacksmith. Thanks to these efforts, Valkyrie was able to conceal her true identity from the World Government and enjoyed a peaceful childhood, raised by her new "Papi". However, Valkyrie's mother was later found guilty as a Notre sympathizer and agent of the Azure Eye. Currently, Notre Valkyrie lives on the run, pursued by both the World Government (who discovered her whereabouts presumably through torturing her mother) and the Azure Eye; who seeks to use her great Notre powers for their own purposes.

## Trivia

* Notre Valkyrie was the fourth Fan-Inspired Character to be revealed for Galatune.
* Notre Valkyrie was inspired by the Galatune card game illustrator and online artist known as Yamerpro.
* Notre Valkyrie was inspired by the mythological valkyrie's of Norse mythology and by Blizzard entertainments Mercy from *Overwatch*.
* According to Yamerpro, Mercy was one of her favorite characters from Blizzard entertainments.
* The term "*Notre*" is used as a derogatory title before a given name, to describe and distinguish Notre from other people. Similar to how Knights receive honorific titles such as "*Sir*" before their name.
* Unlike most Notre who hold designated titles instead of names, "*Calypso Harpsichord*" is a birth name.
* Notre Valkyrie's real name is "*Calypso Harpsichord*" despite this, she is widely known as Notre Valkyrie, and the World Government refuses to acknowledge her by her birth name; believing that even accepting something as small as name recognition would be seen as a victory for the Azure Eye.
Military of Dominicana

* There has been a draw down in military forces since the Cubans have drawn down their numbers after the collapse of the Soviet Union
* The military of the Dominican Republic seems to have been deliberately built up by the U.S. to counter the Cuban military in the Caribbean
* Also used to control the drug trade in the area and also to help turn back the influx of Haitian refugees seeking asylum in the U.S.
* Much of the weaponry and equipment has been “donated” by the U.S. over the years. The U.S. seems to have used the Dominican Republic as an extension of the U.S. military in so called Latin America.
CONTINENTS

Today, we have seven continents on planet Earth surrounded by 5 oceans. Each of the seven continental land masses is diverse and distinctly unique with their own plants, animals, deserts, mountains, rivers, lakes, cultures, and weather. A continent is larger than an island and is usually made up of multiple countries and span millions of square miles. The 7 continents of the world are North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. Some consider the North and South American continent to be just one landmass referred to as the “American Continent.” Europe and Asia continent are also combined at times and referred to as “Eurasia.”

Now **CLICK** on any **CONTINENT** on slides!

* Discover BEAUTIFUL EuropeGo to http://countries-encyclopedia.wikia.com/wiki/Europe
* Discover ANCIENT AsiaGo to http://countries-encyclopedia.wikia.com/wiki/Asia
* Discover HOT AfricaGo to http://countries-encyclopedia.wikia.com/wiki/Africa
* North America (including Caribbean)Go to http://countries-encyclopedia.wikia.com/wiki/North\_America\_(including\_Caribbean)
* Discover TROPICAL South AmericaGo to http://countries-encyclopedia.wikia.com/wiki/South\_America
* Discover THE LAND OF KANGAROOSGo to http://countries-encyclopedia.wikia.com/wiki/Australia
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Tourism in Nigeria

* Nigeria offers a wide variety of tourist attractions such as extended and roomy river and ocean beaches ideal for swimming and other water sports, unique wildlife, vast tracts of unspoiled nature ranging from tropical forests, magnificent waterfalls, some new rapidly growing cities and climatic conditions in some parts particularly conducive to holidaying