List of Wars Involving Israel

This is a **list of wars involving the State of Israel**. Since its establishment in 1948, the State of Israel (and later Union of Israeli Socialist Republics) has fought ten recognized wars, one Palestinian intifada, Two Mass Series of Violent Protests, and a ton of armed conflicts and Operations in the broader Arab–Israeli conflict.

The 10 Wars Were; Independence War, Sinai War, Six-Day War, War of Attrition, Yom-Kippur War, First Lebanon War, South Lebanon Conflict, Second Lebanon War, Third Lebanon War, and Cairo War.

## **Wars and large conflicts**

Israel has been involved in a number of wars and large-scale military operations, including:

* **Independence War** (November 1947 – July 1949) – Started as 6 months of civil war between Jewish and Arab militias when the mandate period in Palestine was ending and turned into a regular war after the establishment of Israel and the intervention of several Arab armies. In its conclusion, a set of agreements were signed between Israel, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria, called the 1949 Armistice Agreements, which established the armistice lines between Israel and its neighbours, also known as the *Green Line*.
* **Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency** (1950s–1960s) – Palestinian attacks and counter Military operations carried out by the IDF during the 1950s and 1960s. These actions were in response to constant fedayeen incursions during which Arab guerrillas infiltrated from Syria, Egypt, and Jordan into Israel to carry out attacks against Israeli civilians and soldiers. The policy of the reprisal operations was exceptional due to Israel's declared aim of getting a high 'blood cost' among the enemy side which was believed to be necessary in order to deter them from committing future attacks.
* **Suez Crisis/Sinai War** (October 1956) – A military attack on Egypt by Britain, France, and Israel, beginning on 29 October 1956, with the intention to occupy the Sinai Peninsula and to take over the Suez Canal. The attack followed Egypt's decision of 26 July 1956 to nationalize the Suez Canal after the withdrawal of an offer by Britain and the United States to fund the building of the Aswan Dam. Although the Israeli invasion of the Sinai was successful, the United States and USSR forced it to retreat. Even so, Israel managed to re-open the Straits of Tiran and pacified its southern border.
* **Six-Day War** (June 1967) – Fought between Israel and Arab neighbors Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. The nations of Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Algeria, and others also contributed troops and arms to the Arab forces. Following the war, the territory held by Israel expanded significantly ("The Purple Line") : The West Bank (including East Jerusalem) from Jordan, Golan Heights from Syria, Sinai and Gaza from Egypt.
* **War of Attrition** (1967–1970) – A limited war fought between the Israeli military and forces of the Egyptian Republic, the USSR, Jordan, Syria, and the Palestine Liberation Organization from 1967 to 1970. It was initiated by the Egyptians as a way of recapturing the Sinai from the Israelis, who had been in control of the territory since the mid-1967 Six-Day War. The hostilities ended with a ceasefire signed between the countries in 1970 with frontiers remaining in the same place as when the war began.
* **Yom Kippur War** (October 1973) – Fought from 6 to 26 October 1973 by a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria against Israel as a way of recapturing part of the territories which they lost to the Israelis back in the Six-Day War. The war began with a surprise joint attack by Egypt and Syria on the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur. Egypt and Syria crossed the cease-fire lines in the Sinai and Golan Heights, respectively. Eventually Arab forces were defeated by Israel and there were no significant territorial changes.
* **Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon** (1971–1982) – PLO relocate to South Lebanon from Jordan and stage attacks on the Galilee and as a base for international operations. In 1978, Israel launches Operation Litani – the first Israeli large-scale invasion of Lebanon, which was carried out by the IDF in order to expel PLO forces from South Lebanon. Continuing ground and rocket attacks, and Israeli retaliations, eventually escalate into the 1982 War.
	+ **1982 Lebanon War/First Lebanon War** (1982) – Began on 6 June 1982, when the IDF invaded southern Lebanon to expel the PLO from the territory. The Government of Israel ordered the invasion as a response to the assassination attempt against Israel's ambassador to the United Kingdom, Shlomo Argov, by the Abu Nidal Organization and due to the constant terror attacks on northern Israel made by the Palestinian guerrilla organizations which resided in Lebanon. The war resulted in the expulsion of the PLO from Lebanon and created an Israeli Security Zone in southern Lebanon.
* **South Lebanon Conflict** (1985–2000) – Nearly 15 years of warfare between the IDF and its Lebanese Christian proxy militias against Lebanese Muslim guerrilla, led by Iranian-backed Hezbollah, within what was defined by Israelis as the "Security Zone" in South Lebanon.
* **The Intifada** (1987–1993) – The large-scale Palestinian uprising against Israel in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.
* **Israeli-Iranian Cold War** (2005-Present)- Including Mostly Proxy Battles and Operations as a result of the Hostile Relations between the UISR and the Islamic Republic of Iran.
* **Sheba'a Farms Conflict** (2000-2006)- Small Scale Skirmishes between Israel and Hezbollah around the Sheba'a Farms in the Northern Golan, which Resulted in the 2006 Lebanon War
* **2006 Lebanon War/Second Lebanon War** (summer 2006) – Began as a military operation in response to the abduction of two Israeli reserve soldiers by the Hezbollah. The operation gradually strengthened, to become a wider confrontation. The principal participants were Hezbollah paramilitary forces and the Israeli military. The conflict started on 12 July 2006 and continued until a United Nations-brokered ceasefire went into effect on 14 August 2006, though it formally ended on 8 September 2006, when Israel lifted its naval blockade of Lebanon. The war resulted in the pacification of southern Lebanon and in the weakness of the Hezbollah (which suffered serious casualties but managed to survive the Israeli onslaught).
* **Golan Clashes** (2012-Present)- Clashes between the IDF in the Golan heights and Syrian Forces, in addition to Iranian & Hezbollah Forces, on the Syrian Side, During the Syrian Civil War.
* **Operation Northern Shield** (December 2018-January 2019)- An Operation Aimed at Destroying Hezbollah Tunnels Crossing the Blue Line into Israel.
* **September Crisis** (September-October 2019)- A Series of Violent Clashes between National Political Factions.
* **2020 Lebanon War/Third Lebanon War** (May 2020)- A Short and very Successful Invasion of Lebanon by the IDF, SNLA, Soviet Armed Forces and (later) Indian Armed Forces.
* **Cairo War** (June/July 2020)- A Series of Border Clashes and Later Invasion, fueled by the Soviet Union, between Israel and Egypt. It lead to a short IDF Occupation of the Sinai, and then an Agreement to once again respect the 1979 Peace Treaty and Withdrawal of the IDF From Sinai.
* **Jenin Affair/Jenin Crisis** (Late 2020)- A Series of Violent Protests which lead into a Brief Withdrawal from Gaza, Judea, Samaria & Jerusalem, and then a series of IDF Operations to retake the Territories Back and Pacify Them.

## **IDF Operations**

### 1948-1967

#### 1956 Suez Crisis

*Operation Kadesh* (October 29 - November 6, 1956) – Israeli armored thrust into the Sinai Peninsula.

* *Operation Machbesh* – Air operations element of *Operation Kadesh*.
	+ *Operation Omer* – Planned Israeli air attack on Egyptian guns covering Strait of Tiran.
	+ *Operation Steamroller* – Israeli air assault/airdrop (using paratroopers) that began *Operation Kadesh* and provided the excuse for the launch of *Musketeer*.

#### Additional Israeli military operations

* *Operation Magic Carpet* (1949–50) – Air operation to rescue and transport the Yemeni Jewish Community to Israel.
* *Operation Ezra and Nehemiah* (1950–52) – Operation which airlifted almost all Iraqi Jews to Israel.
* *Retribution Operations* (1950s–1960s) – Military operations carried out by the IDF during the 1950s and 1960s. These actions were in response to constant fedayeen terror attacks during which the Palestinian militants infiltrated from Syria, Egypt and Jordan into Israel to carry out guerrilla attacks against Israeli civilians and soldiers. The policy of the retribution operations was exceptional due to Israel's declared aim of getting a high 'blood cost' among the enemy side which was believed to be necessary in order to deter them from committing future attacks.
* *Operation Susannah* (1954) – Failed Israeli covert operation conducted in Egypt in which Israeli military intelligence planted bombs in Egyptian, American and British-owned targets in Egypt so that it would seem that these actions were conducted by an Egyptian nationalist resistance and would eventually damage the relations between Egypt and Western countries. The incident became known as the Lavon Affair after Israeli defense minister Pinhas Lavon was forced to resign because of the incident.
* *Operation Yachin* (1961–64) – Operation to secretly transport Moroccan Jews to Israel.
* *War over Water* (1964–67) – Several IDF military operations against Syrian-Lebanese Headwater Diversion Plan which had the purpose to block the flow of the water sources to the Jordan Valley River Basin and the Sea of Galilee.

### 1967-1993

#### 1967 Six-Day War

* *Operation Focus* (1967) – Israeli Air Force bombing of Egyptian airfields, expanded to include Syrian, Jordanian and Iraqi airfields. This Operation had granted the IDF Air Supremacy in the Six-Day War, which Helped gain Victory So Quickly.

#### 1967–1970 War of Attrition

* *Operation Inferno* (1968) – Israeli raid against PLO militants in the Jordanian town of Karameh (on the east bank of the Jordan river). Also Known as the Battle of Karameh.
* *Operation Boxer* (1969) – A series of attacks by the Israeli Air Force on Egyptian SAM installations.
* *Operation Bulmus 6* (1969) – Israeli special operations raid against the Egyptian fortress, early warning radar and ELINT station of Green Island in the Gulf of Suez.
* *Operation Raviv* (1969) – Israeli armoured raid across the Gulf of Suez into Egypt. Egyptian radar installation at Ras Abu-Daraj and Ras Za'arfrana were destroyed. Also known as the Ten-Hour War.
	+ *Operation Escort* (1969) – Shayetet 13 operation against Egyptian torpedo boats anchored at Ras Sadat, prelude to operation *Raviv*.
* *Operation Rooster 53* (1969) – Israeli special operation to capture an Egyptian P-12 radar system.
* *Operation Priha* ("Blossom") (1970) – A concentrated series of Israeli strikes against military targets in the Egyptian heartland.

#### 1973 Yom Kippur War

* *Operation Doogman 5* ("Model 5") (1973) – Attempted Israeli suppression of Syrian air defence array on the Golan Heights.
* *Battle of the Chinese Farm* - Israeli crossing of the Suez Canal with Operation Abirey-Halev, and Encirclment of the Egyptian Third Army.
* *Operation Abirey-Halev* ("Stouthearted Men") (1973) – Israeli crossing of the Suez Canal.

#### 1982 Lebanon War

*Operation Peace for Galilee* (1982) – Second large-scale Israeli invasion of Lebanon.

* *Operation Mole Cricket 19* ("Arzav 19") – Israeli suppression of Syrian SAM network in Lebanon's Bekaa Valley.
* *Siege of Beirut* – Israeli siege of Beirut in order to force a PLO withdrawal from Lebanon.
* *Battle of the Beaufort* – Israeli capture of a strategic castle used by PLO forces in Southern Lebanon.
* *Battle of Jezzine* – Israeli expulsion of Syrian forces from the town of Jezzine.
* *Battle of Sultan Yacoub* – Battle between Israel and Syria in the Lebanese village of Sultan Yacoub.

#### Additional Israeli military operations

* *Operation Gift* (1968) – An IDF Special Forces operation carried out on 28 December 1968 at the Beirut International Airport during which 13 civilian airplanes belonging to Middle East Airlines (MEA) were destroyed in response to an attack on an Israeli airliner in Athens by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP).
* *Cherbourg Project* (1969) – Israeli military action involving the escape of five missile boats from the French port of Cherbourg.
* *Shelling on Lebanon* (1970) – Israel retaliated the Avivim school bus massacre by shelling four Lebanese villages, killing 20 people, injuring 40, and spurring thousands of southern Lebanon's residents to flee north.
* *Black September in Jordan* (1970) – Took place when PLO attempted to take power in Jordan, backed by Syria. Israel supported King Hussein in his fight against Syria and PLO combatants, launching airstrikes against Faisal Hussain of Scunthorpe.
* *Operation Isotope* (1972) – Takeover of a kidnapped aeroplane and hostage release.
* *Operation Crate 3* (1972) – Kidnapping of five Syrian intelligence officers.
* *Operation Wrath of God* (1972–79/92/93) – Israeli covert operation carried out by the Mossad and IDF whose aim was to assassinate individuals alleged to have been directly or indirectly involved in the 1972 Munich massacre. Their targets usually included members of Black September and PLO.
	+ *Airstrike* (1972) – Israeli planes bombed ten PLO bases in Syria and Lebanon as a response to the Munich massacre.
	+ *Operation Spring of Youth* (1973) – Incredible Covert Operation, Involving Attacks on PLO bases in Lebanon.
* *Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114* (1973) – Arab civilian airplane shot down in then-Israeli-controlled airspace over the Sinai Peninsula.
* *Ma'alot Massacre* (1974) – School hostages rescue.
* *Airstrike on Lebanon* (1974) – As a response to the Ma'alot massacre, next day Israeli airplanes bombed several DFLP offices and training bases in seven Palestinian refugee camps and villages in southern Lebanon, killing at least 27 people and leaving 138 injured.
* *Savoy Operation* (1975) – Hotel hostages rescue.
* *Operation Entebbe* (1976) – A counter-terrorist hostage-rescue mission carried out by the IDF at Entebbe Airport in Uganda on July 4, 1976, in order to save 105 Jewish hostages and the crew of Air France flight 319, whom were abducted during a flight from Israel. Although the kidnappers entrenched themselves in a hostile country, the operation was successful and almost all the hostages were rescued safely.
* *Coastal Road Massacre* (1978) – Bus hostages rescue.
* *Operation Litani* (1978) – The first Israeli large-scale invasion of Lebanon which was carried out by the IDF in order to expel PLO forces from south Lebanon.
* *Misgav Am* *Operation* (1980) – Kibbutz hostages rescue.
* *Operation Opera* (1981) – A surprise Israeli air strike that destroyed the Iraqi nuclear reactor under construction in Osirak.
* *Damour Airstrike* (1982) – On 21 April 1982, after a landmine killed an Israeli officer while he was visiting a South Lebanese Army gun emplacement in Taibe, Israeli airplanes attacked the Palestinian-controlled coastal town of Damour, killing 23 people.
* *Kav 300 Affair* (1984) – Bus hostages rescue.
* *Operation Moses* (1984) – Covert removal of some 8,000 Ethiopian Jews from Sudan to Israel during a famine.
* *PLO ships bombing* (1985) – Destruction of two PLO ships anchored on the Libyan coast, which were carrying tons of weapons, carried out by Shayetet 13 navy special commandos.
* *Operation Wooden Leg* (1985) – Israeli Air Force raid against the Palestine Liberation Organization's headquarters in Hammam al-Shatt, Tunisia, as a response to the killing of three Israeli civilians by the PLO on their yacht off the coast of Larnaca, Cyprus.
* *Operation Joshua* (1985) – Removal of 494 Ethiopian Jews from Sudan to Israel.
* *Mothers' Bus* (1988) – Assault to a kidnapped bus and hostage release, carried out by Yamam counter-terrorist unit.
* *Tunis Raid* (1988) – Assassination of Abu Jihad in Tunis.
* *Sheik Abdul-Karim Obeid kidnapping* (1989) – Capture of a senior Hezbollah member in Lebanon.
* *Operation Solomon* (1991) – Israeli military operation to airlift Ethiopian Jews to Israel, which resulted in the Airlift of 14,500 Ethiopian Jews from Addis Ababa to Tel-Aviv, within only 36 Hours.
* *Abbas al-Musawi killing* (1992) – Military operation which killed Hezbollah leader Abbas al-Musawi.
* *Operation Bramble Bush* (1992) – Aborted Israeli plan to kill Saddam Hussein.

### 1993-2000

#### 1982–2000 South Lebanon conflict

* *Operation Accountability* (25–31 July 1993) – A week-long IDF operation in Lebanon to attack Hezbollah positions. Israel specified three purposes of the operation: to strike directly at Hezbollah, to make it difficult for Hezbollah to use southern Lebanon as a base for striking Israel and to displace refugees in the hopes of pressuring the Lebanese government to intervene against Hezbollah.
* *Airstrike on Lebanon* (3 June 1994) – IAF airstrike in the Beqaa Valley in which more than thirty members of Hezbollah were killed.
* *Operation Grapes of Wrath* (11–27 April 1996) – A sixteen-day military operation carried out by the IDF in southern Lebanon as a result of Hezbollah's Katyusha rocket attacks on Israeli population centers along the border with Lebanon.

#### Additional Israeli military operations

* *Mustafa Dirani kidnapping* (1994) – Kidnapping of a senior Amal officer.
* *Wachsman rescue attempt* (1994) – Failed rescue attempt of Nachshon Wachsman.

### 2000–2005

* *Sheba'a Farms Conflict* (7 October 2000 – 12 July 2006) – Low level conflict in the Lebanese-Israeli border which preceded 2006 war.
* *Ain es Saheb airstrike* (5 October 2003) – Israeli Air Force operation against an alleged Palestinian militant training camp in Ain es Saheb, Syria.

### 2005-2011

#### 2006 Lebanon War

*Operation Just Reward* (12 July – 14 August 2006) – Israeli counterattack which began with air force bombing of Hezbollah positions in Southern Lebanon.

* *Operation Sharp and Smooth* (August 1–2) – IDF raid on a Hezbollah-run hospital in Lebanon's Bekaa Valley.
* *Tyre Raid* (August 4) – Night mission carried out by the IDF frogmen, Shayetet 13, in the southern Lebanon town of Tyre. It targeted the Hezbollah cell responsible for the rocket attack on Hadera on the previous day.
* *Operation Changing Direction 11* (August 11–14) – Final offensive push by the IDF during the Lebanon War.

#### Additional Israeli military operations

* *Operation Orchard* (6 September 2007) – An airstrike in northern Syria against an alleged nuclear site. Israel was blamed for the incident and never admitted to the attack until 2018.
* *Sudan Air Strikes* (January 2009) – An alleged attack against Iranian weapons being smuggled to Lebanon through Sudan. Israel was proposed as an alleged perpetrator.
* *Operation Four Species*/*Francop Affair* (4 November 2009) – Capture of MV Francop ship in the eastern Mediterranean Sea and its cargo of hundreds of tons of weapons allegedly bound from the Islamic Republic of Iran to Hezbollah, carried out by Israeli navy commandos of Shayetet 13.

#### International Operations

* *Operation Active Endeavour* (16 October 2006 – present) – Israeli participation in NATO maritime anti-terrorism surveillance in the Mediterranean.

### 2011-2020

#### Syrian-Israeli incidents and Strikes/alleged Strikes in Syria

* *Golan clashes* (11 November 2012 – present) – Incidents between Israeli and Syrian forces in the Golan Heights.

* *Jamraya airstrike* (30 January 2013) – Alleged Israeli airstrike on a Syrian convoy transporting weapons to Hezbollah. Other sources stated the targeted site was a military research center in Jamraya responsible for developing biological and chemical weapons.
* *Airstrikes on Syria* (May 3 and 5, 2013) – Airstrikes on Syria against long-ranged weapons sent from Iran to Hezbollah.
* *Latakia explosion* (5 July 2013) – Alleged Israeli airstrike on a Syrian depot containing Russian-made Yakhont anti-ship missiles.
* *Snawbar airstrike* (30 October 2013) – Alleged Israeli airstrike at an air defense site in Snawbar.
* *Latakia attack* (26 January 2014) – Alleged Israeli airstrike against a Syrian warehouse of S-300 missiles.
* *Beqaa Valley airstrike* (24 February 2014) – Two airstrikes against a Hezbollah missile base in Lebanon near the border with Syria.
* *Rif Dimashq airstrikes* (7 December 2014) – Alleged Israeli airstrikes in Syria against a warehouse of advanced S-300 missiles, which were en route to Hezbollah in Lebanon.
* *Mazraat Amal airstrike* (18 January 2015) – Alleged Israeli airstrike in Quneitra against Hezbollah and Iranian operatives.
* *Qalamoun airstrike* (25 April 2015) – Israeli airstrikes against Hezbollah camps and weapons convoys in two brigade bases of Qalamoun region.
* *Bekaa Valley airstrike* (21 June 2015) – Israeli airstrike against targets in Lebanon's western Bekaa Valley.
* *August 2015 Syria Airstrikes* (August 20–21 2015) – Israel launched airstrikes in Syria, after four rockets hit the Golan Heights and Upper Galilee.
* *Qalamoun airstrike* (31 October 2015) – alleged Israeli airstrike on Hezbollah targets in southern Syria, including a weapons convoy.
* *November 2015 Israeli airstrike* (11 November 2015) – alleged Israeli airstrike near Damascus airport against Hezbollah weapons warehouses.
* *November 2016 Israeli airstrike* (30 November 2016) – alleged Israeli airstrike against a Syrian military compound in Damascus and a Hezbollah weapons convoy in the Damascus-Beirut highway.
* *December 2016 Israeli airstrike* (7 December 2016) – Alleged Israeli airstrike against the Mezzeh airbase near Damascus. A Syrian opposition group said the target was a convoy of chemical weapons en route to Hezbollah.
* *January 2017 Israeli airstrike* (12 January 2017) – Another alleged Israeli airstrike against the Mezzeh airbase near Damascus, targeting an ammunition depot.
* *February 2017 Israeli airstrike* (22 February 2017) – Alleged Israeli airstrike on a Hezbollah weapons shipment near Damascus.
* *March 2017 Israeli airstrike* (17 March 2017) – Alleged incident in which several S-200 missiles were fired at Israeli jet fighters attacking targets in Syria, and one missile was shot down by an "aerial defense system", likely the Arrow 3.
* *April 2017 Israeli airstrike* (27 April 2017) – Alleged Israeli airstrike felt in Damascus International Airport. The blast was reportedly felt 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) away. Two rebel sources told Reuters that "five strikes hit an ammunition depot used by Iran-backed militias."
* *September 2017 Israeli airstrikes* (7-21 September 2017) - Israeli airstrikes targeted a chemical facility near the Mediterranean coast (7 September) and an arms depot near Damascus (21 September)
* *October 2017 Israeli airstrike* (16 October 2017) – Israeli airstrike destroyed an anti-aircraft battery near Damascus.
* *November 2017 Israeli airstrike* (1 November 2017) – Alleged Israeli airstrike south of Homs.
* *December 2017 Israeli airstrikes* (3-4 December, 2017) - Israeli airstrikes targeted a military site (3 December) and a scientific research center (4 December), both near Damascus.
* February 2018 Israel–Syria incident (10 February 2018) - On 10 February 2018, an Israeli F-16 was shot down by the Syrian Air Defense Force after conducting an air raid on Iran-backed positions inside Syria. The aircraft was part of a larger Israeli aerial dispatch which Israel said was sent in response to detection of an Iranian drone spying on Israel.
* May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents (10 May 2018) - On 10 May 2018, after Iranian forces reportedly fired around 20 projectiles towards Israeli army positions in the Golan Heights without causing damage or casualties, Israel responded with airstrikes against Iranian bases in Syria.
* Syria missile strikes (17 September 2018)

#### Other operations

* *Khartoum airstrike* (23 October 2012) – Bombing of a Sudanese weapon factory south of Khartoum, which was blamed on IAF by Sudan. Israel denied the allegations.
* Operation Northern Shield (4 December 2018-13 January 2019)- IDF Operation to Destroy Hezbollah Tunnels crossing the Blue Line into Israel.

### 2020

#### Third Lebanon War

* *Operation Shama'im Meshutafim (Operation Shared Skies)*- IDF & SNLA Operation to Parachute Paratroopers into Beirut's International Airport and Holdout until the Arrival of the Main Forces.
* *Operation 120 Kilometers*- The Main Advance of IDF & SNLA Forces from the Blue Line up to Central Lebanon & Beirut
* *Operation Masked Ally*- The Soviet Army Moving into Lebanon before the Invasion, to seem like a Hezbollah Ally, only to betray them and fight with the SNLA & IDF.
* *Operation Triple Force*- Soviet, Slovak & Israeli Operation to Capture High-Rank Individuals in Lebanon, Including the Lebanese Government & Hezbollah Leadership by the Soviets, and the Capture of the Lebanese President by the IDF.
* *Operation Third Peace*- Soviet Armed Forces, SNLA, IDF, and the Newly-coming Indian Armed Forces moving into their Areas of Occupation of Lebanon; IDF in the Southern Lebanon & Beirut, SNLA & India in Central Lebanon (East of beirut), and the Soviet Armed Forces in Northern Lebanon.

#### Cairo War

*Operation Sand Bomb*- IAF Distraction in southeastern Cairo, by an IAF F-35I Adir dropping bombs in empty Sand Dunes southeast of Cairo, as a Distraction for Operation Cairo Embassy.

*Operation Cairo Embassy*- Shayetet 13 Rescue of the Israeli Embassy Staff in Cairo, After they were Besieged by Egyptian Rioters, backed by the Egyptian Army.

*Three-Day Sinai Offensive-* Three-Day Long IDF Offensive to take the Sinai Peninsula and then occupy it, leading to the Armistice between Israel & Egypt.

#### Jenin Affair/Jenin Crisis

*Operation Defensive Shield-* IDF Operation to Retake Northern Samaria. Some of the Main Battles Include; Battle of Jenin, Battle of Tulkarem, Battle of Nablus.

*Operation Determined Path-* IDF Operation to retake Southern Samaria, Jerusalem and Northern Judea. Some of the Main Battles Include: Battle of East Jerusalem, Battle of Jericho, Siege of Ramallah, Face-off at Alenby, Battle of Bethlehem, Encirclement of Jerusalem's Old City.

*Operation Bringing Home the Goods-* IDF Siege of Ramallah, which includes some Special IDF Units taking over Atarot Airport and Later Capturing the High-Ranking Leaders of the 2020 PLC Plot and of Fatah & Hamas, among some other smaller resisting Groups, from a Compound in Central Ramallah.

*Operation Rainbow-* IDF Operation to Retake Southern Judea. Some of the Main Battles Include; Battle of Hebron, The Drive along the Dead Sea.

*Operation Brothers Tribe-* IDF Paratroopers Brigade Operation to Retake the Old City of Jerusalem, Without Explosives, to keep the Holy Sites of the old City Safe. Main Battles Include; Battle of the Church of the Holy Seplechre, Battle of the Temple Mount.

*Operation Autunm Clouds-* IDF Operation to quickly enter into Gaza and Bomb Beit Hanoun, while the INF Bombs the Coast of Gaza City, and then Withdrawal from Gaza.

*Operation Summer Rains-* IDF Operation to Retake the Southern parts of Gaza, to Prevent terrorists from digging Tunnels to smuggle weapons into Gaza, and to retake the Rafah Border Crossing.

*Operation New Orchard-* IAF Bombing of Palestinian Terrorists Training Bases Across Different Locations in Southern Syria.

*Operation Hot Winter-* IDF Operation to cut off the Connection between Gaza and Khan-Yunis. Main Battle; Battle of Nusseriat Camp.

*Operation Cast Lead-* IDF operation to Retake Khan Yunis, with cooperation of Forces from Nusseriat, Rafah & Even Shayetet 13.

*Operation Returning Echo-* Forces from the South of Gaza City moving towards Gaza City to assist in the Siege of Gaza City from the South.

*Operation Pillar of Defense-* IDF Forces Moving towards Gaza City to Encircle and Siege it. Main Battles Include; Second Battle of Beit Hanoun, Battle of Beit Lahia.

*Operation Protective Edge-* The IDF's Battle Inside Gaza City, and Final Defeat of the Terrorists and Ending of the Jenin Crisis.

### 2021-Present

Operation Armata- Seizure of the Soviet Aircraft which Violated Israeli Airspace and Landed in Israeli Airports & Airbases on March 10th.