Ukrainian famine, 1932-1933

There is a section on the left either completely denying famines occurred or blaming peasants for their own demise, despite Soviet Archives being open to the public as well as both Russian academia and Russian state government acknowledging failures of Soviet policies. Understandably, Moscow (or Kremlin), the rest of Russia (outside of Moscow) and nations adjacent to Russia will have varying narratives.

### **Голодомор (Голодомор, Holodomor, Ukrainian Famine, Soviet Famine of 1932 - 1933)**

* https://web.archive.org/web/20041111083611/http://www.zerkalo-nedeli.com/ie/show/449/38943/ [Ukranian]
* https://web.archive.org/web/20070313194408/http://www.zn.kiev.ua/ie/show/449/38943/ [Ukranian]
* «ГОЛОД В СССР. 1930 - 1934 ГГ.» http://archive.is/34M70 [RU]
* “Mortality and Causes of Death in 20th-Century Ukraine” by France Meslé and Jacques Vallin https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=77778F2E151DCECF07CB9A8D88FC09AF [PDF, 12MB, EN]
* “Natural Disaster and Human Actions in the Soviet Famine of 1931–1933” by Mark B. Tauger https://archive.org/stream/891762PB/89-176-2-PB\_djvu.txt [EN] (WARNING!- Irish famine denialism, Holodomor denialism)
* “The Indian Famine Crises of World War II” by Mark Tauger https://www.academia.edu/25974481/The\_Indian\_Famine\_Crises\_of\_World\_War\_II [EN] (WARNING!- Bengali famine denialism)
* Problems with the Category of Genocide and with Classifying the Ukrainian Famine of 1932-33 as a Genocide” by John-Paul Himka https://www.academia.edu/501726/Problems\_with\_the\_Category\_of\_Genocide\_and\_with\_Classifying\_the\_Ukrainian\_Famine\_of\_1932\_33\_as\_a\_Genocide [EN] (Canadian of Ukranian ancestry)
* “Applebaum, Fitzpatrick and the Genocide Question: Roundtable on Soviet Famines” by Norman M. Maimark https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/7699691C546F91B5241D37333952464B/S0960777318000292a.pdf/applebaum\_fitzpatrick\_and\_the\_genocide\_question.pdf [PDF, 68kb, EN]
* “Lemkin on Genocide of Nations” https://sci-hub.st/10.1093/jicj/mqp002 [PDF, 100kb, EN]

### **Related Pages**

* Kazakh Famine, 1932-1933
* Ukraine

### **Research Articles**

* “A New Estimate of Ukrainian Population Losses during the Crises of the 1930s and 1940s” by Jacques Vallin; France Meslé; Serguei Adamets; Serhii Pyrozhkov http://ncua.inform-decisions.com/eng/files/VallinNewEstimate.pdf [PDF, 798kb, EN]
* “The Famine-Genocide of 1932-33: Estimation of Losses and Demographic Impact” by Oleh Wolowyna http://ncua.inform-decisions.com/eng/files/Wolowyna\_9-08.pdf [PDF, 164kb, EN]
* “Stalin and the Soviet Famine of 1932-33 Revisited” by Micheal Ellman https://www.uio.no/studier/emner/hf/iakh/HIS2319/h16/pensumliste/stalin-and-the-soviet-famine-of-1932-33-revisite.pdf [PDF, 3MB, EN]
* “The Great Famine in Light of the German Invasion and Occupation” by Karel C. Berkhoff https://sci-hub.st/10.2307/23611471 [PDF, 1.6MB, EN]
* “Is Eastern European ‘Double Genocide’ Revisionism Reaching Museums?” by Dovid Katz https://defendinghistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Dovid-Katz-2016-Dapim-paper-PROOF-ONLY.pdf [PDF, 3.7MB, EN]
* “The Holodomor of 1932–33: How and Why?” by Stanislav Kulʹchytsʹkyi https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305324077\_The\_Holodomor\_of\_1932-33\_How\_and\_Why/fulltext/5964cef2458515183cfaa625/The-Holodomor-of-1932-33-How-and-Why.pdf [PDF, 280kb, EN]
* “Regional variations of 1932–34 famine losses in Ukraine” by Oleh Wolowyna, Serhii Plokhy, Nataliia Levchuk, Omelian Rudnytskyi, Alla Kovbasiuk and Pavlo Shevchuk http://shevchenko.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Regional-variations-of-1932-1934-famile-losses-in-Ukraine.pdf [PDF, 1.24MB, EN]
* "’Lettres de Kharkov’. La famine en Ukraine et dans le Caucase du Nord à travers les rapports des diplomates italiens, 1932-1934” di Andrea Graziosi https://sci-hub.st/10.2307/20170661 [PDF, 12MB, IT]
* “The Soviet 1931-1933 Famines and the Ukrainian Holodomor: Is a New Interpretation Possible, and What Would Its Consequence” by Andrea Graziosi https://sci-hub.st/10.2307/41036863 [PDF, 1.5MB, EN]
* “Mass Repression and Political Loyalty: Evidence from Stalin’s ‘Terror by Hunger’” by Arturas Rozenas and Yuri M. Zhukov https://sci-hub.st/10.1017/S0003055419000066 [PDF, 2.5MB, EN]
* “Entfachte Stalin die Hungersnot von 1932-1933 zur Auslöschung des ukrainischen Nationalismus? Anmerkungen zu neueren westlichen Veröffentlichungen über die „ukrainische“ Hungersnot” von Stephan Merl https://sci-hub.st/10.2307/41052624 [PDF, 2MB, DE]
* “Demographic Consequences of the Great Famine: Then and Now” by France Meslé, Jacques Vallin and Evgeny Andreev https://sci-hub.st/10.2307/23611474 [PDF, 2.7MB, EN]
* “The Soviet Famine of 1932-1933 Reconsidered” by Hiroaki Kuromiya https://sci-hub.st/10.2307/20451530 [PDF, 1.33MB, EN]
* “Non-Soviet Perspectives on the Great Famine: A Comparative Analysis of British, Italian, Polish, and German Sources” by Paolo Fonzi https://sci-hub.st/10.1017/nps.2019.27 [PDF, 228kb, EN]
* “Towards Explaining Soviet Famine of 1931 : Political and Natural Factors in Perspective” by S. G. Wheatcroft https://sci-hub.st/10.1080/07409710490491447 [PDF, 172kb, EN]
* “Food Shortages, Hunger, and Famines in the USSR, 1928-33” by Nicolas Werth https://www.ewjus.com/index.php/ewjus/article/view/217/85 [PDF, 168kb, EN]
* “On the Human Costs of Collectivization in the Soviet Union” by Massimo Livi-Bacci https://sci-hub.st/10.2307/2938412 [PDF, 2MB, EN]

### **News Articles**

* «Раскулачивание: чем крестьяне большевикам не угодили?» Артем Кречетников https://www.bbc.com/russian/russia/2010/02/100202\_russia\_collectivization.shtml [RU] (British state-owned media)
* “Why is the US silent on 'double genocide'?” by Dovid Katz https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2010/dec/21/double-genocide-baltic-us-europe [EN] (owned by Scott Trust Limited)
* “Halting Holocaust obfuscation” by Dovid Katz https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/jan/08/holocaust-baltic-lithuania-latvia [EN] (owned by Scott Trust Limited)
* “EU rejects eastern states' call to outlaw denial of crimes by communist regimes” by Leigh Phillips https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/dec/21/european-commission-communist-crimes-nazism [EN] (owned by Scott Trust Limited)
* “A dangerous Nazi-Soviet equivalence” by Efraim Zuroff https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2010/sep/29/secondworldwar-holocaust [EN] (owned by Scott Trust Limited)
* “The fatal fact of the Nazi-Soviet pact” by Timothy Snyder https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2010/oct/05/holocaust-secondworldwar [EN] (owned by Scott Trust Limited)

### **Magazine Articles**

* “Understanding ‘Double Genocide’: a lethal new threat to Holocaust memory and honesty” by Dovid Katz http://defendinghistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Dovid-Katz-on-Double-Genocide-20111.pdf [PDF, 1.7MB, EN]

### **Documents**

* «О задачах хозяйственников: Речь на Первой Всесоюзной конференции работников социалистической промышленности 4 февраля 1931 г.» И.В. Сталин https://www.marxists.org/russkij/stalin/t13/t13\_06.htm [RU]
* «Письмо Л.М. Кагановичу - 11 августа 1932 года» И.В. Сталин http://grachev62.narod.ru/stalin/t17/t17\_376.htm [RU]
* «Доклад на объединенном пленуме ЦК и ЦКК ВКП(б) - 7 января 1933 г.» И.В. Сталин http://grachev62.narod.ru/stalin/t13/t13\_35.htm [RU]
* “Work in the Countryside” by J.V. Stalin https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1933/01/11.htm [EN]
* “Letter dated 2003/11/07 from the Permanent Representative of Ukraine to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General” https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/505743 [AR, EN, ES, FR, RU, ZH] (United Nations)
* “Letter dated 2003/11/28 from the Permanent Representative of Ukraine to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General” https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/509002 [AR, EN, ES, FR, RU, ZH] (United Nations)
* “Request for the inclusion of a supplementary item in the agenda of the 63rd session : Commemoration of the 75th anniversary of the Great Famine of 1932-1933 in Ukraine (Holodomor) : letter dated 12 Aug. 2008 from the Permanent the representatives of the Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General” https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/634816 [AR, EN, ES, FR, RU, ZH] (United Nations)
* “Request for the inclusion of an additional item in the agenda of the 62nd session : Commemoration of the 75th anniversary of the Great Famine of 1932-1933 in Ukraine (Holodomor) : Letter dated 24 October 2007 from the Permanent Representative of Ukraine to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General” https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/611480 [AR, EN, ES, FR, RU, ZH] (United Nations)
* “[lbo-talk] Fwd: Douglas Tottle, Fraud, Famine and Fascism” by Michael Pugliese http://mailman.lbo-talk.org/2003/2003-September/021722.html [EN]
* “CANDID DISCUSSION WITH PRINCE ANDREW ON THE KYRGYZ ECONOMY AND THE ‘GREAT GAME’" https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/08BISHKEK1095\_a.html [EN]
* «ПОСТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ГД ФС РФ от 02.04.2008 N 262-5 ГД "О ЗАЯВЛЕНИИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ДУМЫ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО СОБРАНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ‘ПАМЯТИ ЖЕРТВ ГОЛОДА 30-Х ГОДОВ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ СССР’» https://duma.consultant.ru/documents/955838 [RU], http://cfo.allbusiness.ru/BPravo/DocumShow.asp?DocumID=136745 [RU], https://duma.consultant.ru/doc.asp?ID=45088 [RU] (Russian state government)
* «Постановление ЦК ВКП(б) «О мероприятиях по ликвидации кулацких хозяйств в районах сплошной коллективизации». 30 января 1930 г.» http://docs.historyrussia.org/ru/nodes/78140-postanovlenie-tsk-vkp-b-o-meropriyatiyah-po-likvidatsii-kulatskih-hozyaystv-v-rayonah-sploshnoy-kollektivizatsii-30-yanvarya-1930-g [RU]
* “Fifteenth Meeting of the Ministerial Council 29 and 30 November 2007” https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/5/b/29761.pdf [PDF, 464kb, EN] (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe)
* “Second Day of the Fifteenth Meeting of the Ministerial Council” https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/5/b/29761.pdf [PDF, 276kb, EN] (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe)
* “Open Letter from Scholars and Experts on Ukraine Re. the So-Called ‘Anti-Communist Law’” https://krytyka.com/en/articles/open-letter-scholars-and-experts-ukraine-re-so-called-anti-communist-law [EN]
* “ISRAELI FM LIEBERMAN IN MOSCOW” https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09MOSCOW1488\_a.html [EN]

### **Encyclopedia**

* «Голод в СССР (1932—1933)» https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4\_%D0%B2\_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0\_(1932%E2%80%941933) [RU]
* «Раскулачивание» https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5 [RU]
* «Коллективизация в СССР» https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F\_%D0%B2\_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0 [RU]
* «Голодомор в Україні (1932—1933)» https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80\_%D0%B2\_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96\_(1932%E2%80%941933) [UK]
* «Голод на Украине (1932—1933)» https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4\_%D0%BD%D0%B0\_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5\_(1932%E2%80%941933) [RU]
* “Holomodor” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holodomor [EN]
* “Holodomor genocide question” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holodomor\_genocide\_question [EN]
* “Yury Mukhin” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yury\_Mukhin\_(activist) [EN]

### **Books**

* «Голод 1932-1933 годов в СССР: Украина, Казахстан, Северный Кавказ, Поволжье, Центрально-Черноземная область, Западная Сибирь, Урал» Н.А. Ивницкий https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=2AA577EDE9C4F4C36E27060BEAC260CC [PDF, 3MB, RU] (favors Russian narratives)
* «Трагедия советской деревни. Коллективизация и раскулачивание. 1927 - 1939. Том 1 Май 1927- ноябрь 1929» Данилов В., Маннинг Р., Виола Л., Ивницкий Н. https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=21E32FEEE62898AA82125CB574AB9840 [PDF, 36MB, RU], https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=D989B538A5C36E65295F1148B7684FA9 [DOC, 9MB, RU] (favors Russian narratives)
* «Трагедия советской деревни. Коллективизация и раскулачивание. 1927 - 1939. Том 2 Ноябрь 1929 - декабрь 1930» Данилов В., Маннинг Р., Виола Л., Ивницкий Н. https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=DCB59D69F985C125AC9C7F1735CC19D7 ]PDF, 34MB, RU], https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=DA56A5353091C8B3D392C98209F100B6 [DOC, 11MB, RU] (favors Russian narratives)
* «Трагедия советской деревни. Коллективизация и раскулачивание. 1927 - 1939. Том 3 Конец 1930 - 1933» Данилов В., Маннинг Р., Виола Л., Ивницкий Н. https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=A0F59E095DDDF89191E57BA0F0755E99 [PDF, 22MB, RU], https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=6E107EEF50542FD183D7D297EE26D80A [DOC, 3MB, RU] (favors Russian narratives)
* «Трагедия советской деревни. Коллективизация и раскулачивание. 1927 - 1939. Том 4 1934 - 1936» Данилов В., Маннинг Р., Виола Л., Ивницкий Н. https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=9C6FA85312BA941C89B4F70E81BDF165 [PDF, 41MB, RU], https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=97319EB7328DC26F21B31BE2E55BA605 [DOC, 12MB, RU] (favors Russian narratives)
* «Трагедия советской деревни. Коллективизация и раскулачивание. 1927 - 1939. Том 5. 1937 - 1939 Книга 1. 1937» Данилов В., Маннинг Р., Виола Л., Ивницкий Н. https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=53B60B7FA3FA3E003277F3333FD728FD [PDF, 26MB, RU], https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=7ACC029D7B3FC3019EDA970F38AA823B [DOC, 9MB, RU] (favors Russian narratives)
* «Трагедия советской деревни. Коллективизация и раскулачивание. 1927 - 1939. Том 5. 1937 - 1939 Книга 2. 1938 - 1939» Данилов В., Маннинг Р., Виола Л., Ивницкий Н. https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=2681EF6946371EC342C91691D58F8E5D [PDF, 29MB, RU], https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=2CF3C06928A4FC26710C11A79280CFCD [DOC, 9MB, RU] (favors Russian narratives)
* «Голод в СССР. 1929–1934. Т. 1: Лето 1933 – 1934» В.В. Кондрашин [RU] (favors Russian narratives)
* «Голод в СССР. 1929–1934. Т. 2: Лето 1933 – 1934» В.В. Кондрашин [RU] (favors Russian narratives)
* «Голод в СССР. 1929–1934. Т. 3: Лето 1933 – 1934» В.В. Кондрашин [RU] (favors Russian narratives)
* «Советская деревня глазами ВЧК-ОГПУ-НКВД. Том 1» А. Берелович, В. Данилов, Л. Самуэльсон https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=B30CAD8339973C609B4F7DDBEAAA7671 [DOC, 7MB, RU] (favors Russian narratives)
* «Советская деревня глазами ВЧК-ОГПУ-НКВД. Том 2» А. Берелович, В. Данилов, Л. Самуэльсон https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=B60895864C85610ED08C3F4F5F19C63B [DOC, 12MB, RU], https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=F17B93430B8BD9959C8DDDB8D0E45430 [DJVU, 7MB, RU], https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=76CC7019F44962D598C6E1421BDEDA38 [DJVU, 7MB, RU] (favors Russian narratives)
* «Советская деревня глазами ВЧК-ОГПУ-НКВД. Том 3. Кн. 1» А. Берелович, В. Данилов, Л. Самуэльсон https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=C6B75DD371A35F0EE357A54FFCF4EB74 [DOC, 10MB, RU] (favors Russian narratives)
* «Советская деревня глазами ВЧК-ОГПУ-НКВД. Том 3. Кн. 2» А. Берелович, В. Данилов, Л. Самуэльсон https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=454C39162F14A38296C47F83D131869D [DOC, 9MB, RU] (favors Russian narratives)
* «Советская деревня глазами ВЧК-ОГПУ-НКВД. 1918-1939. Документы и материалы. В 4-х т. Том 4. 1935-1939 гг» А. Берелович, В. Данилов, Л. Самуэльсон https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=2593E38CD4AB4C65FC8D36EB42394373 [DOC, 7MB, RU], https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=1EEF9557FF4D175DB275108678FC71F1 [PDF, 17MB, RU] (favors Russian narratives)
* «Сталинские депортации. 1928-1953» А.Н. Яковлева https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=4812D5AF13792F13CB0A0D8D21746B00 [PDF, 49MB, RU] (favors Russian narratives)
* «Коллективизация и раскулачивание в воспоминаниях очевидцев» Л.Н. Лопатин, Н.Л. Лопатина [PDF, 3MB, RU] https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=45B2E87F6B34A384AC2B0684730858AA (favors Russian narratives)
* The War Against the Peasantry, 1927-1930: The Tragedy of the Soviet Countryside” by Lynne Viola, V. P. Danilov, N. A. Ivnitskii, Denis Kozlov and Steven Shabad http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=E4D3A9351BE4B0EBC6C5CF7CBB7DAD7E [EN] (favours Russian narratives)
* “The Years of Hunger: Soviet Agriculture 1931 - 1933” by R. W. Davies, Stephen G. Wheatcroft http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=32DAA2871728468189A57E0233492A3A [PDF, 5MB, EN],  http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=D6D6D016D5DE7EB9B468A45CEC321FAF [DJVU, 12MB, EN] (favours Russian narratives)
* “Stalin's peasants : resistance and survival in the Russian village after collectivization” by Sheila Fitzpatrick https://archive.org/details/stalinspeasantsr00fitz/page/n5/mode/2up [EN] (favours Russian narratives)
* “Peasant Rebels Under Stalin: Collectivization and the Culture of Peasant Resistance” by Lynne Viola http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=FCDF35B83B744BBC523F719A57255A56 [PDF, 19MB, EN] (favours Russian narratives)
* «Современная российско-украинская историография голода 1932-1933 гг.» В.В. Кондрашин http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=A1F01AD3204D2F032F184D191664BBE2 [PDF, 20MB, RU]; http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=24C6E09FA7B787549EE614328A7BCF68 [DJVU, 4MB, RU] (neutral)
* “Red Famine: Stalin’s War on Ukraine” by Anne Applebaum http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=0A1A9278D569C1A81E09FCB06B4F0BC1 [PDF, 6MB, EN]; http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=7DAC90BB329C05D956723F2BAD711F1A [EPUB, 3MB, EN] (favours Ukranian narratives, author expresses support for bourgeoise democracy)
* “Memory Laws, Memory Wars: The Politics of the Past in Europe and Russia” by Nikolay Koposov https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/memory-laws-memory-wars/FAEB22B10B3C7E630662E6660C780B19 [EN]
* “Famines in European Economic History: The Last Great European Famines Reconsidered” https://www.routledge.com/Famines-in-European-Economic-History-The-Last-Great-European-Famines-Reconsidered/Curran-Luciuk-Newby/p/book/9780367867485 [EN]

### **Excerpts**

* “The Rise of Memory and the Origins of Memory Laws” https://sci-hub.st/10.1017/9781108304047.004 [PDF, 260kb, EN]
* “Memory Laws in Western Europe” https://sci-hub.st/10.1017/9781108304047.005 [PDF, 440kb, EN]
* “Memory Laws in Eastern Europe” https://sci-hub.st/10.1017/9781108304047.006 [PDF, 360kb, EN]
* “Memory Laws in Ukraine” https://sci-hub.st/10.1017/9781108304047.007 [PDF, 220kb, EN]
* “Memory Laws in Yeltsin’s Russia” https://sci-hub.st/10.1017/9781108304047.008 [PDF, 220kb, EN]
* “Memory Laws in Putin’s Russia” https://sci-hub.st/10.1017/9781108304047.009 [PDF, 400kb, EN]

### **Videos**

* “HBO Chernobyl. Holodomor? ‘Old Lady With a Cow’ Scene Discussion #chernobyl” uploaded by USHANKA SHOW https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dLob3Pzq1fM [14:43, EN] (Soviet Ukranian immigrated to USA)
* “Tankies: The Documentary (a dumpster fire deep-dive)” uploaded by The Serfs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pu6oWQiEP6Y [22:06, EN] (has democratic socialist tendencies)
* “Dovid Katz - ‘The Special Case of Baltic-Ukrainian Holocaust Inversion’” uploaded by ISGAP https://vimeo.com/165047022 [52:22, EN]

### **Websites**

* «Портал ‹Архивы России›» http://www.rusarchives.ru/ [RU] (Russian state archive)
* “Evgenii A. Preobrazhensky” https://www.marxists.org/archive/preobrazhensky/index.htm [EN]
* “Defending History” https://defendinghistory.com/ [EN]

### **Archived**

* http://archive.vn/ptqkx [EN] - Holodomor denialism
* http://archive.is/npRRY [EN] - Mark B. Tauger thinks it’s wrong to blame UK for Irish and Bengali famines
* http://archive.is/m0h8S [EN], https://archive.vn/hLdCj [EN], https://archive.vn/X48cL [EN], https://archive.vn/fnawz [EN], https://archive.vn/AYkGM [EN], https://archive.vn/gfAgx [EN], https://archive.vn/eJWUL [EN], https://archive.vn/2d0Mr [EN], https://archive.vn/cTO1x [EN], https://archive.vn/r6xjX [EN], https://archive.vn/SljR1 [EN], https://archive.vn/ZMqKv [EN], https://archive.vn/4Rf0l [EN], https://archive.vn/9BAIJ [EN], https://archive.vn/gBuJe [EN] - Grover Furr’s shaky history with neo-Nazis and neo-fascists
* https://archive.vn/NB3w1 [EN], https://archive.vn/Tgzst [EN], https://archive.vn/1c8YF [EN], https://archive.vn/XaYJw [EN] - reviewing common sources cited by Soviet famine deniers
* https://archive.vn/R9mBQ [EN] - other Marxist-Leninists don’t think it’s funny tankies are making fun of Soviet famines
* https://archive.vn/XkJ1v [EN] - challenging Canadian politicians to recognize John A. Mcdonald’s starvation policies and genocides against Indigenous peoples using Soviet famines as pretext
* https://archive.is/gERSz [EN] - history of diasporic Ukrainian Left being crushed during Sudbury riots
* https://archive.is/Ji54H [EN] - neo-Nazis hijacking “this claim about election fraud is disputed” tag
* https://archive.is/1tD8C [EN] - alienation of being a Ukrainian socialist in American left spaces

### **Notes**

* Russian government actively promotes the Soviet Archives and anyone can read it
* Russian Federation at the United Nations publicly acknowledged the Great Famine several times
* Academia still debate whether or not Holodomor was a genocide, but most researchers do not deflect Soviet policies, do not minimize the numbers, do not try to justify the famines and certainly do not diminish people’s collective memories
* Discourses between Russian and Ukrainian historians can be found in the book «Современная российско-украинская историография голода 1932-1933 гг.»
* It doesn’t matter if people dispute what a genocide is, it’s still clear millions of people died because of Soviet policies, which is criminally negligent at best. Deportations and executions were meant to dismantle the intelligentsia.
* Avoid citing or quoting Robert Conquest. Even if his conclusions coincide with other authors and academia, Stalin apologists ignore everything if they see that name regardless of other sources or other names provided
* Robert Conquest’s works were based on limited accounts supplied to the Information Research Department, which was infamous for busting labour movements, and he refused to revise his works after the Soviet Archives opened
* Grover Furr links to neo-fascist websites and endorses Holocaust deniers on his own website
* Grover Furr has hyperlinks to neo-fascist works on his personal website (e.g. by Sergei Semanov), he accepted praise from Holocaust denialist journals (*Russkiy Vestnik* and *Slovo*), and the publishers of Russian versions of his books (*Algoritm* and *Eksmo*) are known for publishing neo-Nazi and ultra-nationalist materials (e.g. “Aryan Roots of Russia” and works by Goebbels and Mussolini). One of Furr’s sources on faminine denialism is Yuri Mukhin, an associate of Holocaust deniers Jurgen Graf and Carlo Mattogno. Mukhin himself is known to be antisemitic.
* Mark Tauger, a Soviet famine denier, also denies Irish famine and Bengali famine.
* Even according to Tauger’s sources, he still conceded 2.2 million died from Soviet state policies
* J. Arch Getty or Sheila Fitzpatrick never denied a famine took place, despite famine deniers keep citing them
* Stephen Wheatcroft and R.W. Davies did not deny there was a famine and directly blamed collectivization policies, they just quibble whether or not the famine was intentional
* Douglas Tottle, a member of the Communist Party of Canada, wrote his book in the ‘80s under supervision from Soviet authorities and book was published right before Shcherbytsky acknowledged the famine and before the archives were opened in the ‘90s and became available to the public
* Tottle can't even decide if the famine didn't happen at all or if it happened but it was (a) the "kulaks’" fault; or (b) due to natural causes like crop failures
* J. Arch Getty and Sheila Fitzpatrick are trusted by Marxist-Leninists for Soviet historiography and MLs should be encouraged to cite those two instead of Furr, Tauger, Tottle etc.
* Part of the reason for the >4 million number persisted is because of the Cold War and lack of access to Soviet archives. The commonly accepted number in academia is much lower.
* Holodomors as understood by the Ukrainian state weren't limited only to Ukraine. If Kuban is included, then number hovers around 4.7 million and if all of the former Soviet republics were included, then almost 9 million, hence why the numbers are inconsistent and how people arrived at the figure differently
* Trotsky blasted Stalin for purging Ukrainians, Khrushchev (a Soviet Ukrainian [ethnically Russian, and considers himself Russian]) was aware, Gorbachev (another Soviet Ukrainian) shared accounts of hunger in his area from his childhood, Volodymyr Shcherbytsky in 1987 was the first Soviet official to acknowledge a famine occurred.
* Remember that Lenin considered famines as a characteristic fault of Tsarist Russia
* There were several famine reliefs in 1891 - 1892, 1921 - 1922 and 1946 - 1947 but not enough was provided to relieve 1932 - 1933
* Focus on Stalin’s blunders while heavily industrializing the country, rapid collectivization and paranoia of anarchist and peasant uprisings in Ukraine and Caucasus
* Do not chime in with “What about Holomodor” while people are discussing Holocaust, Shoah, Nazi defeats or celebrating Red Army victories as quite a few non-Jewish anarchists, Marxists, liberals, progressives and socialists outside of North America got blocked by Jewish folks because of how far-right Slavic descendants of fascists re-settling in the Americas after WW2 are trying to equate Holocaust with Holomodor. A lot of leftists (eg. from Australia) outside Canada don’t understand this false equation is taboo. People from the USA or Canada will automatically assume you’re a Faith Goldy follower without checking your social media profile to see where you live. Ask a Jewish person or non-Jewish Ukrainian leftist or non-Jewish Russian leftist when the right context to discuss the topic (hint: it’s never in the context of the Holocaust). Apologies if you are not from eastern Europe or are not from Canada and confused why people are quick to react. Here are some links to understand why any hint of “double genocide” (which is straight up Baltic fascist historical revisionism) is suspicious within Canadian context:
	+ “Canadian officials honour Nazi collaborators in Ukraine, angering Jewish groups” by David Pugliese https://www.thechronicleherald.ca/news/canada/canadian-officials-honor-nazi-collaborators-in-ukraine-angering-jewish-groups-353044/ (Postmedia promotes far-right opinions)
	+ “Neo-Nazi Patrik Mathews’s arrest highlights Ottawa’s support for Ukrainian far right“ by Yves Engler https://ricochet.media/en/2958/neo-nazi-patrik-mathewss-arrest-highlights-ottawas-support-for-ukrainian-far-right
	+ “How Canada emerged as a haven for Ukrainian Nazi collaborators by Roger Jordan https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2019/07/29/cauk-j29.html [EN] (Trotsyist publication, WARNING!- WSWS was identified as fascist entryism enabler by French communists and European Marxists)
	+ “Freeland knew her grandfather was editor of Nazi newspaper” by Chris White https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/freeland-knew-her-grandfather-was-editor-of-nazi-newspaper/article34236881/ [EN] (owned by The Woodbridge Company)
	+ “Ukranian groups opposed museum’s Holocaust exhibition” by Myron Love https://www.cjnews.com/news/ukrainian-groups-oppose-museums-holocaust-exhibit
	+ “Canadian monument to controversial Ukrainian national hero ignites debate” by Levon Sevunts https://www.rcinet.ca/en/2018/08/13/shukhevych-monument-canada-oun-upa/
	+ “Canada admits letting in 2,000 Ukrainian SS troopers” by Tom Tugend https://www.jweekly.com/1997/02/07/canada-admits-letting-in-2-000-ukrainian-ss-troopers/
	+ “Renowned 'Nazi hunter' says Canada still a haven for scores of war criminals who will likely never face justice” by Jennifer Hough https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/na0623-nazis (owned by Postmedia)
	+ “The OUN, the UPA and the Holocaust: A Study in the Manufacturing of Historical Myths” by Per A. Rudling https://carlbeckpapers.pitt.edu/ojs/index.php/cbp/article/view/164/160 [PDF, 468kb, EN]
	+ “War Criminality: A Blank Spot in the Collective Memory of the Ukrainian Diaspora” by John Paul Himka http://www.yorku.ca/soi/\_Vol\_5\_1/\_HTML/Himka.html [EN] (Canadian of Ukrainian ancestry)
	+ “Long history of Ukrainian-Canadian groups glorifying Nazi collaborators exposed by defacing of Oakville memorial” by Aidan Jonah https://www.thecanadafiles.com/articles/ukcdnm [EN]
* Technically the romanized name could had started with R or G, not H, depending on the transliteration system, and probably the reason why fascists are trying to equate Holocaust and Holomodor. None of this matters because the phonemes are still the same regardless of transliteration system. (see the “double genocide” Holocaust revisionism discourse in Latvia and Lithuania)
* Using Holocaust as an analogy or appropriating the term to draw attention to Soviet famines erases almost 2 million Ukrainian Jewish people died in the Holocaust. Furthermore, the false equivalence implies non-Jewish Ukrainians were persecuted the same [as Jewish Ukrainians] in Nazi-occupied territories
* Denying famines took place in the 1920s and 1930s only alienate western leftists from leftists abroad who have families affected by these events
* Holocaust was based on thousands of years of European antisemitism, Hitler’s admiration for USA’s genocide against Indigenous peoples, the Manifest Destiny and Imperial German genocide against Herero and Nama in Namibia. Famines and Russian chauvinism should never be compared to the Holocaust.
	+ The genocide model used by John A. Mcdonald in Canada was exported to other European colonies and used by European powers internally against marginalized people
	+ “Hitler’s American Model: The United States and the Making of Nazi Race Law” by James Q. Whitman https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=4E51316C5C11A7B08A70DFE7FF5FC5A2 [EPUB, 4MB, EN], https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=DEBA4E798082530CAFC5A879D68D5A73 [PDF, 19MB, EN]
	+ “‘Exterminate All the Brutes’: One Man's Odyssey into the Heart of Darkness and the Origins of European Genocide” by Sven Lindqvist https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=D3F558D6BDA989A99F83ADE19D5E0CF0 [EN]
	+ “The Devil's Handwriting: Precoloniality and the German Colonial State in Qingdao, Samoa, and Southwest Africa” http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=D9DC5BEBD60746DE7C6E332BC3806AD1 [PDF, 5MB, EN]
	+ “Anti-semitism and National Socialism” by Moishe Postone https://libcom.org/library/anti-semitism-national-socialism-moishe-postone [EN]; https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/moishe-postone-anti-semitism-and-national-socialism [various formats, EN]
* Focus on the antisemitism (in this context, post-Soviet Russian fascism-- please, ask a Russian leftist for how extraordinary shitty this ecosystem is) or contradictions of famine deniers (eg. sometimes they deny Irish or Bengali famines or oust themselves as British Jingoists [especially amongst Proud Boys and affiliated alt-right groups pining for restoration of British Empire or United Kingdom’s former glory; or just straight-up apartheid apologists from South Africa and former Rhodesia] to be logically consistent)
	+ In this case, British Jingoists and post-Soviet fascists or post-WW2 fascists are not really leftists, but instead are querfront or third-positionist fascists ironically pretending to be “tankies” to sow discord, agonize pre-existing ethnic tensions [between capitalist nation-states] to actively hinder any meaningful mediations and discourages steps towards reconciliations [and resolutions] between nationalities. There is a lot of discourses online written by European Marxists, Russian leftists and American anti-fascists about how disinformation ecosystems and cyber warfare, pro-Kremlin European New Right, Intellectual Dark Web and [North American] alt-right interact with each others regarding this topic.
	+ If you end up finding yourself debating with, against or debating alongside this bizarre strain of pro-Soviet neo-Nazi famine denier, make sure that the media you are consuming isn’t owned by Silicon Valley fascists (eg. Peter Thiel), tied to a fascistic millionaire (eg. Daniel Friberg) or an oligarch (eg. Vicktor Orbán and Konstantin Malofeev) known to fund the alt-right (eg. Gavin McInnes), or linked to LaRouche (eg. Webster G. Tarpley, Michel Chossudovsky and F. William Engdahl) and their associates (eg. neo-Eurasianists and other neo-fascist tendencies like Nouvelle Droite). You probably got pigeon-holed in a far-right disinfo ecosystem for a reason. Congrats on finding yourself in a muck of absurdity that is difficult to get out of as it takes a certain level of unprecedented paranoia and irony-poisoning to be mired in a garbage media ecosystem so far removed from any normal Marxist-Leninist discussions. Please actually hang out with real communists with internationalist outreach networks instead of being plugged into isolationist populist movements with no connection to protest movements outside your own country. Maybe learn to research how fascism manifests after WW2 and in post-Soviet era
* Avoid setting yourself up to be accused of sympathies with Ukrainian ultra-nationalists by contextualizing oppression of Ukrainians by Russia within the framework of a neo-colonial relationship between Russia and Ukraine influenced by Great-Russia chauvinism that, under Stalin & later Soviet leaders, continued to oppress non-Russian nationalities/ethnicities that were oppressed under tsarism.
* Antisemitic ultra-nationalists and white supremacists claiming Jewish people orchestrated the famines doesn’t make sense considering Stalin purged Jewish people from positions of power during the 1930s and considering context of Bolshevik antisemitism in the 1920s. The bureaucrats responsible were not Jewish, but were gentiles
* Famines also occurred in Volga, the Urals and Kazakhstan. Russian government admits Holomodor occurs, but they refuses to call it a genocide against Ukrainians. Russian academia, on the other hand, does acknowledge the famine in Ukraine was a democide
* Experience with the famines in Ukraine vary regionally. Those in northern Ukraine have different memories than ones in southern Ukraine, and Stalin apologists exploit the fact not everyone has a shared narrative.
* Famine deniers refuses to discuss how Ukraine isn’t the worst region affected by famines under Russian chauvinism / consolidation (eg. within Russia, Balkans, Central Asia)
* Point out neutral and non-aligned factions outnumber fascist supporters severalfold, and the majority of Ukranians and Belarusians were under the Red Army [or fought alongside the Red Army] and pushed fascist forces out of the country
* One in five recruited for fascist forces during WW2 defected for communist forces or non-aligned forces [and most fought alongside the Red Army]
* Most members of the UPA were former Polish citizens who were integrated into western Ukrainian territories during the Soviet invasion of Poland. They shouldn’t claim victimhood as western Ukraine [or eastern Poland] didn’t experience the famine at the same level as eastern Ukraine.
* 15%-25% of the Red Army consisted of Ukrainians and one in four Belarusians died in the occupied territories
* While German Nazis were obviously interested in the famine, the only victims they were really concerned with were the Volksdeutsche (Volga Germans and Russian Mennonites). German far-right knew everyone was affected, but they just focused on Germans and Mennonites for obvious reasons. “Ukrainian Nazis” narrative didn’t come in until later when the Cold War ended and OUN became part of post-Soviet memory politics
* Unequal treatment (or preferential treatment) amongst prisoners of wars (taken by Nazi Germany) along ethnic lines is meant to sow dissonance and prevent a mass uprising
* Canada bringing in Ukrainian war criminals to crush the diasporic Ukrainian Left in the 1950s and 1960s does not negate the collective memory of Soviet famines. Despite political repressions, there are still many Ukrainian Marxists in Canada, which several would be considered quote-unquote “tankies”.
* Raphael Lemkin, a Polish Jewish person, was working on addressing the Soviet famines in Ukraine by using Greater Russian chauvinism inherited from Tsarist timeline as a framework
* Ukrainians are not the only ethnic group who consider memory politics of Soviet famines and policies of dekulakization as acts of genocides contextualized under historic Russian chauvinism and Muscovite imperialism predating the USSR (eg. Uralic nations, nations in eastern Siberia, Caucasian nations, Central Asian nations) and all of these groups are rightfully upset that the (currently capitalistic) Russian Federation refuses to acknowledge their complicity
* Famines under centralized planning were the result of emphasizing economic gains ahead of the needs of the people, and the same outcome would have resulted under capitalism. Fascists and ultra-nationalists concern-trolling leftists do not care about the people when they pull a “whataboutism” with Holomodor
* Some communists and socialists believe famines could had been avoided if the Bolsheviks and Stalin’s cadres did not purge agrarian socialists from the councils and expanded upon already existing communalism amongst the peasants
* Question why (the capitalist) Russian government never erected memorials for Russian victims of famines when post-Soviet Russian ultra-nationalists concern-troll about Ukrainian memorials
* If “Canadian Nazis” is a concern, ask why liberals and conservatives never addressed John A. Macdonald’s starvation policies of Indigenous nations on the Prairies while giving platform to Holodomor pandering to Ukrainian immigrants
* The failure of 20th century socialism had a lot to do with the fact that the bureaucrats internalized this capitalist logic, sometimes even more so than capitalist countries
* Part of the reason Soviet famines are seen as murder (and genocide by many) is because the capacity to provide relief existed, but it was either refused or implemented too late because leadership didn't care. The bureaucrats prioritized industrialization over people.
* Evgenii A. Preobrazhensky advocates for liquidating the peasant class in order to industrialize the Soviet Union
* Many non-ML Marxists believe the Soviet famines were the result of Bolsheviks’ misinterpretation of Marx and Engels
* Some Russian irredentists will blame communists, Lenin and or the Bolsheviks for causing the famine in Ukraine [in context of post-Soviet politics] while white-washing Stalin or implying Bolsheviks slandered Stalin
* Some Russian neo-Nazis will spin antisemitic conspiracy theories about Ukrainian famine as "a Jewish lie"; or will spin something about “Juedo-Bolsheviks” and “ZOG” trying to make Stalin and or Russia look bad [in context of post-Soviet politics]