Checkers

## Overview

**Checkers** or **draughts** is the name of several different board games. All of these games are similar. In every kind of checkers, the other player's pieces can be taken by being "jumped" over.

"Checkers" is the American name. In British English, and in various other English-speaking nations, these games are called "**draughts**."

The rules and championships are controlled by the World Draughts Federation.

## History

Checkers dates back to the 12th century, in France. There are two main types of checkers played: the Anglo-American version (which originally came from France) and the Polish or continental version. The Anglo-American version is played on an 8x8 chessboard with 12 pieces. The continental version (so-called because it is played on the continent of Europe) is played on a 10x10 board with 20 pieces each. There are also a number of variations in various countries.

## How to Play

In most games of checkers, there are two players. The players are at opposite ends of the board. One player has dark pieces, and one player has light pieces. They take turns moving their pieces. Players move their pieces diagonally from one square to another square. When a player jumps over their opponent's (the other player's) piece, you take that piece from the board. If you can take a piece, then you must take a piece.

### English draughts

British people call the game "draughts". English draughts is played on an 8x8 chess board. Only the dark squares are used: the light squares are never used.

* **Pieces**. The pieces are flat and round. They are referred to as "men". They may be colored dark and light or red and white. The two sides are called *Black*and *White*.[2] Black has the first move. There are two kinds of pieces: plain (single) pieces and "kings". Once made, a king is designated by putting one plain piece on top of another, or perhaps turning the man over if there are no available taken pieces to use (and sides of the pieces look slightly different).
* **Starting position**. Each player starts with 12 pieces on the three rows closest to their own side. The row closest to each player is called the "King Row". The darker color moves first.
* **How to move**. all the single pieces (the starting pieces) can only move diagonally forward. They cannot move backwards.

A player can move in two ways. A piece can be moved forward, diagonally, to the very next dark square. If one player's piece, the other player's piece, and an empty square are lined up, then the first player *must* "jump" the other player's piece. The first player jumps over the other player's piece onto the empty square and takes the other player's piece off the board. A player can also use one piece to make multiple jumps in any one single turn, provided each jump continues to lead immediately into the next jump and in a straight line. Sometimes a player may have the option or a choice of which opponent piece he must jump. In such cases, he may then choose which to jump. If you keep your hand on any piece when you're moving, you have the choice to put it back and move another piece.

* **Kings**. If a player's piece moves into back rank (the King Row) on the other player's side, it becomes a king. It can move forwards and backwards. A king cannot move out of the King Row until the next turn. In English draughts, a king's only advantage over a man is the ability to move and capture backwards as well as forwards.
* **How the game ends**. The first player to lose all of his or her pieces loses the game. If a player is put in a position where they cannot move, they lose.[3] If the players have the same amount of pieces, the player with the most kings wins. If the players have an equal number of pieces and the same number of kings the game is a draw.

### Continental draughts

Sometimes called Polish or international draughts. A main difference is in the mobility of the kings. In international draughts, kings (sometimes called *flying kings*) move any distance along unblocked diagonals, and may capture an opposing man any distance away by jumping to any of the unoccupied squares immediately beyond it. Also, the simple men can take backwards as well as forwards.

## Links and References

Basic Fundamentals

How to Play - About.com

How to Play - wikiHow