Chức năng giao tiếp

Đừng luôn nghĩ rằng luyện thi đại học Tiếng Anh chỉ toàn ngữ pháp thôi, có rất nhiều khi đề bài đưa ra các câu hội thoại ngắn và đòi hỏi bạn phải điền một câu trả lời xã giao để đáp lại câu nói đó - khi ấy các ngôn ngữ và lời thoại giao tiếp lại rất cần thiết.

Tuy nhiên, với lối mòn suy nghĩ luyện thi đại học tiếng Anh – học ngữ pháp nên một số bạn đã vô tình quên mất một mảng cũng rất quan trọng trong Tiếng Anh - đó chính là **chức năng giao tiếp**.

# Các chức năng giao tiếp

## **Asking for permission** (Xin phép)

Có nhiều cách để hỏi và xin phép, cũng có rất nhiều cách đáp lại khác nhau.

1. Đồng ý/Cho phép

* Okay if I leave now?
* Is it OK if I leave now? (Tôi về bây giờ được ko?)
* Can/Could I leave now?
* Is it alright if I leave now?
* Could I possibly leave now, please?

- Sure

- Sure, go ahead. (Vâng, cứ tự nhiên)

- Sure, go right ahead.

- Of course/ Certainly/ By all means >< By no means/ Of course not

* Can I/Could I have a quick look at your paper?

- Yes, you can. (~~Yes, you could.~~)

- Yes, of course, you can.

* May I use your phone?

- Yes, you may.

- Yes, of course, you may.

* Have you got a pen that I could use?

- Yes, here you are.

* Mind if I leave a bit early?
* Do you mind if I leave a bit early?

Đối với cấu trúc này, câu đáp lại chỉ sự đồng ý luôn chứa **not**, hoặc **no**.

- Not at all.

- No, of course not.

- No, go ahead.

- No, please do.

2. Không đồng ý/ Không cho phép

* Could I use your phone?

- No, you can't. (~~No, you couldn't.~~)

- Well, I'd rather you didn't.

- Sorry, I'm afraid that I have to use it.

- I'm sorry, but it doesn't work.

## **Requesting** (Yêu cầu)

* Can/Could you open the window, please? (Cậu mở của sổ giùm tớ nhé?)
* Will/Would you wait here, please? (Chị chờ em ở đây một lúc nha?)
* Do you think you could call me tonight?
* Could you possibly mêt me after school?
* Would it be possible for you to help me move this weekend?
* I was wondering if you could possibly take me to the airport.

1. Đồng ý

- Sure

- Of course

- I'd be glad/happy to. (Tôi rất vui khi làm điều đó.)

- No problem.

 Câu đáp lại đồng ý với câu yêu cầu bắt đầu bằng **Would you mind/Do yoy mind + Ving** luôn phủ định như sau:

* Would you mind opening the window? (Làm ơn mở cửa sổ giúp tớ.)

- Not at all

- No, of course not

2. Không đồng ý

* Could you type this letter for me?

- I'm afraid I can't.

- I'm sorry, but I'm really busy.

- I wish I could, but...

- Actually, it's a bit inconvenient.

 Để đáp lại đúng và nhanh, cứ học cách đáp lại riêng cho từng dạng câu yêu cầu khác nhau.

## **Offering** (Đề nghị)

1. Offering help (Đề nghị giúp đỡ)

* Shall I carry this suitcase for you? (Tôi xách giùm bạn cái vali này nhé?)
* Let me carry your suitcase.
* Let me give you a hand.

- Thank you very much.

- That would be a real help.

- Thanks.

- Thanks, but I can manage. (Tôi có thể xoay xở được.)

* May I help you?
* Can I help you? (Tôi giúp gì được cho bạn?)
* Can I help you with anything?
* How can I help you?
* How can I be of help?
* Are you looking for something?
* Would you like some help?
* Do you need some help?
* What can I do for you today?

- Yes, I'm looking for ...

- Yes, I'd like to buy ...

- Yes, how much is this?

- No, thanks. I'm just looking.

2. Offering things (Mời gì)

* Would you like a soft drink?
* A soft drink?
* Can I give you a soft drink?

- Yes, please. I'll have an orange juice.

- Yes, please. Orange juice is fine.

- Yes, please.

- No, thanks. It's OK.

- No, thanks. Nothing for me. (Tôi không dùng gì cả.)

- No, thanks.

* Would you like tea or coffee?

- Tea, please.

- I'll have tea, please.

- I'd rather have coffee, please.

- I'd prefer tea, please.

- I don't mind. (Gì cũng được.)

3. Offering to bring something (Đề xuất làm gì cho ai)

* I wonder if I might be able to bring something. (Tôi tự hỏi không biết tôi có thể mang theo gì.)
* Let me bring something, will you?
* Is there anything I could bring?
* What shall I bring?
* What should I bring?
* Can I bring the wine?

- It's enough just to have you come. (Bạn đến là đủ rồi.)

- Oh, you don't need to.

- Just bring yourself.

- Well, John's bringing salad, so why don't you bring dessert? (John mang xà lách, vậy bạn mang theo đồ tráng miệng nhé.)

- Well, thanks, if you'd like to.

## **Inviting & Suggesting** (Mời và Đề nghị/đề xuất)

* Would you like to go to the cinema tonight?
* Are you free to go to the cinema tonight?
* How about going to the cinema tonight?
* Do you feel like going to the cinema tonight?
* Let's go to the cinema tonight.
* Let's go to the cinema tonight, shall we?
* Why don't we go to the cinema tonight?
* Shall we go to the cinema tonight?

1. Accepting (Chấp nhận)

- (Yes,) I'd love to. See you then.

- Thanks. I'd love/like to.

- That sounds great!

- That'a great/good idea!

- That sounds like fun.

- That would be great/wonderful.

- Great. Let's plan on it. (Cứ thế nha.)

- OK. Let's do that.

2. Declining (Khước từ)

- I'd love/like to, but ...

- Sorry, but I don't particularly like...

- That sounds great/interesting, but...

- I'm sorry, but I can't, because ...

- I wish I could, but .

- I'm awfully sorry, but I have other plans.

- Actually, I don't really like ...

- Sorry. I've already made plans for Saturday.

- I'm afraid I can't.

- I'd really rather not go to the cinema.

- Sorry, I'm not really fond of ...

- I don't feel like doing that.

- Well, I'd prefer to go swimming. What do you think?

- That's very kind of you, but I really have to...

- I'd rather go dancing. How does that sound?

## **Thanking** (Cảm ơn)

* Thanks a lot./Thanks./Thank you.
* It's very kind of you to...
* That was nice of you.
* It was extremely good of you to...
* I can't thank you enough for...
* Thank you very much for...
* I'm very much obliged to you for... (Tôi rất biết ơn bạn về...)
* I'm very grateful to you for... (Tôi thực sự rất biết ơn bạn về...)
* Many thanks to you.
* Thanks a million!

- It's my pleasure to help. (Mình lấy làm vinh dự khi giúp bạn.)

- (It's) my pleasure.

- Delighted I was able to help.

- It was the least I could do.

- No problem.

- Never mind.

- Not at all.

- You're welcome.

- You're most/very/quite/entirely welcome. (Không sao.)

- Don't mention it.

- Don't worry about it.

- Forget it.

- That's OK./That's alright.

Thanking for a failed attempt (Cảm ơn về một nỗ lực không thành)

* Thank yoy for trying.

- I'm sorry it didn't work out. (Mình thật tiếc vì không mang lại kết quả gì.)

* I appreciate your help, anyway.

- Perhaps you'll have better luck next time.

* Thank you very much for your efforts.

- Sorry. It didn't work out.

* Thanks a lot for trying, at least.
* Thanks, anyway. (Dù sao cũng cảm ơn.)

- Too bad it didnt work out.

## **Apologizing** (Xin lỗi)

* Forgive me. I'm terribly sorry about... (Tha cho tớ. Tớ rất lấy làm tiếc...)
* Please accept my apologies for...
* I'd like to apologize for...
* I'm sorry I didn't mean to...
* Oh no! Did I do that? I'm sorry.
* Oh, sorry!
* Sorry about that.
* I'm sorry.

- That's quite all right. (Không sao.)

- I understand completely. (Tớ hiểu mà.)

- You really don't have to apologize.

- Oh, that's alright. It can happen to anyone.

- It's not your fault.

- Don't worrry about it.

- It's OK./ That's OK.

- No problem.

- Forget it. (Thôi quên đi.)

## **Complimenting** (Khen ngợi)

* I think your hair is very nice.
* I jusst love your hair. (Anh kết mái tóc này của em rùi đấy.)
* I really like your hair.
* What beautiful hair you have!
* Your hair is nice.

- Thank you./ Thanks.

- Thank you. It's nice of you to say so. (Anh thật là tử tế khi nói vậy.)

- Thank you, but it really isn't anything special. (Em nghĩ điều đó cũng chẳng có gì đặc biệt.)

- Thanks. Yours is even nicer. (Tóc cậu còn đẹp hơn cơ.)

- Thanks. Yours is nice, too.

- Thank you. I had it cut yesterday.

- Do you think so? Thank you.

- I'm glad you like it.

 Nói chung, đáp lại **một lời khen** thường là một **lời cảm ơn**.

## **Agreeing & Disagreeing** (Đồng ý/ Không đồng ý)

* In my opinion/ I believe that/ I think that smoking cigarettes should not be allowed in public places. (Tao nghĩ ngươi chớ mà hút thuốc ở nơi công cộng này.)

1. Agreeing (Đồng ý)

- I agree with you.

- I agree completely.

- I couldn't agree with you more. (Tớ đồng ý với cậu.)

- That's what I think.

- I think so, too.

- That's just what I think, of course.

- That's true.

- Absolutely. (Hoàn toàn đồng ý.)

- You're right.

- Sure.

2. Disagreeing (Không đồng ý)

- Are you absolutely sure?

- Really?

- Actually, I think (that)...

- I'm sorry, but I have to disagree.

- I don't agree with you.

- I couldn't agree less. (Hoàn toàn không đồng ý tẹo nào.)

- I couldn' disagree more.

- No, that's wrong.

- You're dead wrong. (Cậu sai thật rồi.)

- No way! (Không thể nào!)

## **Advising & Warning** (Khuyên bảo & Cảnh báo)

1. Advising (Khuyên bảo)

* What's the matter?/ What's wrong?

- I have a toothache.

* You should/ought to/'d better see a dentist.
* Why don't you see a dentist?
* If I were you, I'd see a dentist.

- If I were in your shoes, I'd see a dentist. (Nếu tớ ở trong hoàn cảnh của cậu, tớ sẽ gặp nha sĩ.)

* It would be better to see a dentist. (Tốt hơn hết là nên gặp nha sĩ.)
* Wouldn't it be better to see a dentist?
* Would it be better to see a dentist?

- I think I will.

- I guess I should

- Yeah, that's a good idea.

- Yes, I'm going to.

- Right, maybe I will.

2. Warning (Cảnh báo)

* Don't push so hard on that toy, or you might/will break it! (Đừng ấn mạnh cái đồ chơi ấy, cậu sẽ làm hỏng nó mất.)

- No, I won't.

- Thanks. I won't.

* Watch out! Be careful! (Cẩn thận!)

- OK. I will.

* Work hard otherwise you'll fail your exam. (Mày không học chăm là rớt đấy.)

- I will.

## **Introducing & Greeting** (Giới thiệu & Chào hỏi)

* I'd like you to meet... (Tôi muốn bạn gặp...)
* I'd like to introduce... (Tôi muốn giới thiệu...)

- How do you do? (Chào)

- Glad to meet you.

- Nice to meet you.

- Pleased to meet you. (Thật vui khi gặp bạn.)

* This is <name>.

- Hi./ Hello.

* Hello. I'm <name>.

- How do you do? I'm <name>.

* Hi. My name's <name>.

- Pleased/Nice to meet you. I'm <name>.

* I don't think we've met. I'm <name>.

- Nice to meet you. I'm <name>.

- How do you do?

* Hello./Hi.

- Hello./Hi.

* Hello/Hi, <name>.

- Hello/Hi, <name>.

* Good morning.

- Good morning.

* Good afternoon.

- Good afternoon.

* Good evening.

- Good evening.

* Nice to meet you, <name>.

- Nice to meet you too, <name>.

* Glad to meet you.

- Glad to meet you, too.

- The pleasure is mine. (Tôi cũng vậy.)

 Giới thiệu và chào hỏi là những chức năng giao tiếp thông thường, và người bản xứ sử dụng những ngôn ngữ rất riêng của họ. → Đề thi cũng thường kiểm tra cách sử dụng ngôn ngữ để giao tiếp này.

## **Leaving & Saying goodbye** (Ra về & Tạm biệt)

1. Leaving (Ra về)

* Well, I'm afraid that I have to be going./ I really must go now.

- Thanks for coming.

* It's been a pleasure. (Thật là vui.)

- Yes, I've enjoyed it.

* It was nice to see you.

- It was good to see you.

* Well, it's getting late.

- Maybe we can talk again.

* Thanks for coming.

- It was fun.

* Maybe we could get together sometime. (Có thể chúng mình sẽ gặp lại nhau một lúc nào đó.)

- Sounds good.

* Great seeing you. (Thật tuyệt khi gặp bạn.)

- Same here. (Tôi cũng vậy.)

* I've really got to go.

- OK. See you.

* Got to go now.

- See you again.

2. Saying goodbye (Chào tạm biệt)

* Bye!

- Bye! Have a good day!

* Bye, <name>.

- See you later.

* Goodbye, <name>.

- Goodbye, <name>.

* Until next time.

- Goodbye.

* Have a nice weekend.

- Thanks. You too.

* Take care. Have a nice trip.

- Thanks. Bye!

* Talk to you later.

- Bye. Take it easy. (Tạm biệt. Hãy nghỉ ngơi nhé.)

* See you later

- So long. Take care. (Tạm biệt. Bảo trọng nhé.)

- It's been nice meeting you (Gặp bạn mình thấy rất vui rồi.)

* Catch you later.

- See you.

## **Breaking news** (Báo tin)

* I passed my exam!

- That's great! Congratulations!

- Great!/ Fantastic! Congratulations!

- Oh, that's good! I'm glad to hear that!

* Guess what? Mary's getting married next week. (Đoán xem chuyện gì nào? Mary sẽ kết hôn vào tuần tới đấy.)

- Is she really? That's interesting! (Thế à? Hay quá!

* John has lost his job again. (John lại mất việc nữa rồi.)

- I'm sorry to hear that. (tôi rất tiếc khi nghe điều đó.)

* I'm taking an English exam tomorrow.

- Good luck!

Expressing suprise (*Bày tỏ sự ngạc nhiên*)

- Oh, really?

- Really? You're kidding!

- You've got to be kidding!

- I don't believe it!

- I can't believe it!

- That's unbelievable!

- That can't be right/

- Are you serious?

- You can't be serious!

- That's incredible!

 Thông thường, để đáp lại một tin báo, bạn có thể dựa vào nghĩa của câu để chọn đáp án đúng.

## **Getting someone's attention & Interrupting** (Gợi sự chú ý & Ngắt lời)

1. Getting someone's attention

* Pardon me, Dr. Smith (Xin lỗi, Tiến sĩ Smith.)
* Excuse me, Bill. (Xin lỗi, Bill.)
* Oh, Miss? (Ồ cô ơi?)
* Sir? (Thưa ông?)
* Waiter?
* Hey, Jim. (Này, Jim.)

- Yes?

- Yes? What can I do for you?

- Can I help you?

- Yeah?

2. Interruping

* Pardon me, but...
* Pardon the interruption, but... (Xin lỗi ngắt lời, nhưng...)
* I'm sorry to interrupt, but...
* I'm sorry, but...
* Excuse me, but...
* Oh, were you in the middle of something? (Ồ, có phải bạn đang bận làm gì đấy phải không?)
* Am I interrupting? (Mình có ngắt lời bạn không?)

- How can I help?

- It's alright. What can I do for you?

- No, it's all right.

## **Asking about health** (Hỏi thăm sức khỏe)

* How are you? (Bạn thế nào?)
* How've you been?

- Very well, thank you. And you?

- Fine, thank you.

* How are things? (Mọi việc thế nào?)
* How are you doing?
* How's thing?
* How is it going?

- Fine/Great, thanks.

- All right.

- OK.

- Not (too) bad.

- Too bad.

- (It) could be worse.

- Mustn't grumble. (Không quá tệ.)

- So-so. (Tạm tạm.)

* What's happening? (Có gì mới không?)

- Not much.

* What's news (Có tin gì không?)

- Nothing.

* Long time no see. (Lâu rồi không gặp.)

- Yeah.

## **Answering a phone call** (Trả lời điện thoại)

* Hello. London 54716. (Xin chào. Luân Đôn 54176 xin nghe.)

- Hello. Could I speak to Sally, please? (Xin chào. Vui lòng cho tôi nói chuyện với Sally.)

* Hello.

- Hello. Could I speak to John, please?

* Could I speak to Jane, please?

- Speaking.

- This is Jane (speaking).

- Who's that? Who's this?/ Who's there?

- Who am I speaking to?

- Who is that speaking?

- I'm afraid she's not in at the moment.

- I tjink you got the wrong number.

* Can I take a message?

- Yes, could you tell her/him that Jane called?

* Asking to wait (Chờ máy)

- Hold the line, please.

- Hold on a moment, please.

- One moment, please.

* Switchboard operator may say (Người trực tổng đài có thể nói)

- (The number is) ringing for you.

- (I'm) trying to connect you.

- (I'm) putting you through now.

- I'm afraid the number/line is engaged/busy. Will you hold? (Tôi e là số máy đang bận. Bạn vui lòng chờ máy được không?)

- I'm afraid there's no reply from this number/for her.

## **Responding to a statement** (Đáp lại câu phát biểu)

Dưới đây là 1 số chức năng giao tiếp & câu đáp lại thường gặp trong tiếng Anh. Tuy nhiên, văn nói tròg tiếng Anh rất đa dạng & phong phú. Vù vậy bạn cần biết thêm 1 số cách đáp lại đặc biệt sau:

1. Echo questions (Câu hỏi vọng lại)

a. Repeat what has been heard (Lặp lại những gì vừa nghe)

* I'm getting married. (Tôi sắp kết hôn rồi.)

- You're getting married? (Bạn sắp cưới hả?)

* Just take a look at that. (Xem lại đi nhe.)

- Take a look at what? (Xem lại cái gì?)

* She set fire to the garage.

- She did what?

b. Reply questions (Dùng câu hỏi để trả lời)

* It was a terrible party. (Tiệc tệ quá.)

- Was it? (Thế ư?)

* We had a lovely holiday.

- Did you?

* I've got a headache.

- Have you, dear? I'll get some aspirin. (Tội nghiệp em quá! Để anh đi lấy thuốc.)

* John likes that girl next door. (John kết em nhà hàng xóm rùi.)

- Oh, does he? (Ủa, thế à?)

* I don't understand.

- Don't you? I'm sorry

c. Questions that do not expect an answer (Câu hỏi không mang tính đáp lại)

Thường ở các trường hợp chỉ trích, phê bình, hoặc bày tỏ sự không quan tâm.

* I can't find my coat?

- What's this, then? (Thế đây là cái gì?)

* I can run faster than you.

- Who cares? (Thế thì sao chứ?)

* Ann's very unhappy.

- Why should I care? (Sao tớ phải quan tâm nhỉ?)

* Could your wife help us in the office tomorrow? (Mai vợ bạn có thể đến văn phòng giúp chúng mình được không?)

- Why should she? She doesn't work for you. (Sao lại là vợ tôi? Bộ mấy người nghĩ vợ tôi là ô-sin cho mấy người hở?) **\*chảnh\***

d. Negative questions that express emphatic agreement (Câu hỏi phủ định nhấn mạnh sự đồng tình)

* It was a lovely concert. (Buổi hòa nhạc thật tuyệt.)

- Yes, wasn't it? I did enjoy it. (Tớ thực sự thích lắm.)

* She's put on a lot of weight.

- Yes, hasn't she?

e. Rhetorical questions (Câu hỏi tu từ)

 Là câu hỏi gây tác dụng mạnh mẽ chứ không để tìm ra câu trả lời. Tức là chỉ là câu hỏi nhưng không phải để hỏi.

* I can't manage tomorrow evening. (Tối mai tôi không thu xếp được.)

- Why not? (Sao lại không nhỉ?)

* They've decided to move to Devon.

- Why?

* Let's eat out this evening.

- Yes, why not?

f. Question word + preposition (Từ để hỏi & giới từ)

* Have you heard John's getting married again?

- Really? Who to? (Thật à? Ai thế?)

* I can't wait. I'm going on holiday next week.

- Where to? (Đi đâu cơ?)

2. So do I

 Thường dùng trợ động từ như sau:

* I'm hurry.

- So am I/ I am, too.

- So is she/he.

- So are we/they.

* I've lost their address.

- So have I./ I have, too.

* I love cowboy films.

- So do I./ I do, too.

- So does Minh./ Minh does, too

* David can't drive

- Neither can Erik.

- Erik can't, either.

* This phone doesn't work.

- Neither does this one.

- This one doesn't, either.

3. So it is

* It's raining. (Đang mưa đó)

- Why, so it is! (Sao, vậy thì trời đang mưa rồi)

* You've just put the teapot in the fridge.

- So I have! (Mình vừa để ở đó đấy)

* Mary's getting married.

- Yes, so I heard. (Ừ, tớ cũng nghe tin rồi.)

* The professor's ill.

- So I understand. (Tôi hiểu.)

4. Asking for people to repeat (Yêu cầu nhắc lại)

* Mike's coming home tonight. (Tối nay Mike sẽ về nhà.)

- Sorry? (Xin lỗi?)

- What? (Cái gì cơ?)

- Pardon? (Bạn nói lại giùm mình với?)

- Pardon me?

5. Others (Câu hỏi khác)

* Stop eating the cake.

- I'm just tasting it to see if it's OK. (Con chỉ nếm xem bánh có ngon không thôi mà.)

* The soup's good.

- Yes, I made it with lots of garlic. (Em đã cho khá nhiều tỏi đấy.)

* I think Mary should be told. (Mình nghĩ Mary nên biết)

- She has been. (Chị ấy biết rồi)

- She must be. (Chị ấy phải biết)

* Somebody ought to clean up the bathroom.

- I'll ask John to. (Tớ sẽ bảo John làm cho.)

* We're going to Paris for the weekend.

- Enjoy yourselves! (Chúc vui vẻ nhé!)

* It's cold.

- It is indeed. (Đúng vậy)

* Henry made a fool of himself. (Henry tự làm mình trông thật ngớ ngẩn.)

- He is, indeed. (Thì đúng là thế mà.)