recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Democratic Republic of the Congo

The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), formerly Zaïre and also referred to as Congo-Kinshasa, DROC, DR Congo, Congo, or République démocratique du Congo (RDC), is a Central African country situated on the equator. It is the third largest country in Africa and twelfth largest in the world, with 2,345,410 sq km of land divided into 26 provinces. The country is almost landlocked, save for a narrow 37 km strip of land in the lower western region leading to the South Atlantic Ocean. Borders are shared with Angola, Burundi, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia.

DR Congo has a population of over 101 million people and a life expectancy of about 55-60 years. (*Britannica*) About 95% of the population identifies as Christian. (*ARDA*) Though French is the official language, over 200 languages are spoken in the country. Recognized national languages include Kikongo, Lingala, Swahili, and Tshiluba. Among Deaf communities, both Francophone African Sign Language and American Sign Language are used. (*Translators without Borders*)

DR Congo has a vast amount of arable land and is rich in natural resources, including petroleum and natural gases, as well as large mineral deposits of diamonds, gold, coltan, uranium, platinum, tin, copper, cobalt, and palladium, among others. The Congo River, which runs across much of the country, is a major source of hydropower and the second longest river in Africa after the Nile. Despite its wealth of resources, it remains one of poorest countries in the world.

The Congo has a long history of bloodshed and foreign influence on its governments and people. As part of the Kingdom of Kongo in the early 1500s, the area was a major source of slaves for Portuguese traders. In 1885, King Leopold II of Belgium privately established the Congo Free State, violently and ruthlessly exploiting the Congolese people for resources. The area was colonized by Belgium parliament from 1908 until 1960 and renamed the Belgian Congo. Shortly after the Congo declared independence, Belgium, France, and the United States supported a coup of the new government by anti-communist Mobutu Sese Seko (né Joseph Mobutu), who would name the country Zaïre and rule as dictator while torturing and publicly executing any threats. The country has seen civil war, political instability, Rwandan refugees, and brutal exploitation for resources by both domestic and foreign powers.

**Citation**

*Democratic Republic of the Congo | Culture, History, & People*. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Democratic-Republic-of-the-Congo

*Congo, Democratic Republic of the, Religion And Social Profile | National Profiles | International Data | TheARDA*. (2020). Association of Religious Data Archives. https://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country\_57\_1.asp

*Language data for the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) -*. (2021, February 24). Translators without Borders. https://translatorswithoutborders.org/language-data-for-the-democratic-republic-of-congo-drc/
ESCsort 11

## Países

### Retornos

  Montenegro
  Polonia

### Retiradas

  Croacia
  Israel

## Sorteo

* Georgia
* Letonia
* Lituania
* Rusia
* Ucrania
* Estonia
* Finlandia
* Islandia
* Noruega
* Suecia
* Eslovenia
* Macedonia del Norte
* Montenegro
* Serbia
* Suiza

* Bulgaria
* Chipre
* Grecia
* Malta
* San Marino
* Australia
* Bélgica
* Irlanda
* Países Bajos
* Portugal
* Hungría
* Moldavia
* Polonia
* República Checa
* Rumanía
Turkey - Oppression & Resistance

In Turkey, thanks to the Istanbul Convention that has been in place since 2011, girls and women have known more safety than ever before. The Istanbul Convention protects women from violence and offers support to those at risk. Additionally, it prosecutes those who would commit crimes against these women (“Turkey: Women across the World Demand Reversal of Decision to Quit Gender-Based Violence Treaty.”).

However, after a 10 year membership Turkey’s president, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, decided to leave the treaty which offered women these protections. There is now fear that women in Turkey will have many rights taken away and will be in significantly more danger. Turkey will officially be withdrawing on July 1, 2021 and people are standing in solidarity and begin the Turkish government to reconsider.

This could be an incredible setback for humanitarian rights worldwide as gender equality is such an important goal. This directly relates to our lesson on oppression as the Turkish government is taking away women’s rights and protections and oppressing half of the population. Other governments are pleading with Turkey as well, as this is a setback not just for Turkey but for humankind. If the state is not successful in repealing the president’s ruling and remaining a part of the Istanbul Convention, it will be a giant step back for equality everywhere.

SCC GLST 302 Global Issues Wiki:Turkey - Vanessa Moerschbacher

Works Cited

“Europe: Redouble Efforts to End Violence Against Women.” *Human Rights Watch*, 11 May 2021, www.hrw.org/news/2021/05/10/europe-redouble-efforts-end-violence-against-women.

FocusM. “Turkey Withdraws from Istanbul Convention Following 'Presidential Decision'.” *Focus Malaysia*, 1 Apr. 2021, focusmalaysia.my/politics/turkey-withdraws-from-istanbul-convention-following-presidential-decision/.

“Turkey: Women across the World Demand Reversal of Decision to Quit Gender-Based Violence Treaty.” *Amnesty International*, 10 May 2021, www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/05/turkey-women-across-the-world-demand-reversal-of-decision-to-quit-genderbased-violence-treaty/.
Collaboration and Competition - China

By: Darren Thompson
Competition for resources is prevalent in China. The question really is with whom. China is clamoring to share all its resources for a cost. The same rings true for most all countries. Further collaboration is at an all time high in modern times. This statement is agreeable to many including the article we read "Evolution Shows Collaboration, not Competition, Helped us Evolve". Evolution is the context of collaboration.
What is important to understand is China has a clear path to evolve by collaboration and resources available to continue on without competition. Currently China is accessing lands in the east of Russia. This process occurs much like the descriptive we hear about when discussing an open border. Chinese occupy some cross border areas to cultivate or generate resources.
China humbles itself in geopolitical strategy by underpinning its motto from Deng Xiaoping “keep a low profile (or literally, “hide the light under the bushel”, i.e. taoguang), and conserve its strength and develop its potentialities” (Kueh). This motto presents itself as an open China, relevant to its current status in today’s geopolitical sway.
I mention this because China is currently the resource power house for the world. This did not happen suddenly as you see by the strategy presented by Xiaoping. So the reality is China was in competition with China to become number one in all areas of trade, resources, collaboration or otherwise so as to become the worlds leader.
Works cited
Kueh, Y. Y. Pax Sinica Geopolitics and Economics  of China’s Ascendance . Hong Kong University Press, 2012.
Israel-Palestine: Post-Colonialism

Since the abandonment of Great Britain's occupation of the region and after the UN's resolution was put in place to split Palestine and Israel apart which left Israel with a larger sum of land. Post-colonialism has taken a very huge toll on both of these regions, sparking what we've now seen as almost a hundred year war. Author Murat Sofuolgu in *The making of a colonial state,* references Richard Falk who has explained the topic on how a country which was created by colonialism is now making efforts in being the colonizer themselves. Stating the roots of the situation as *"the promise was a homeland to the Jews, not a state. Balfour, himself, in his private papers, indicated that he never anticipated the emergence of a Jewish state in Palestine. But then came a very concerted effort by the Zionist movement to purchase land in Palestine to encourage the Jews around the world to emigrate to Palestine."*

To summarize the the effects of post-colonialism in Israel-Palestine, We must remember the starting step to this current situation. In the past, Palestine was seen as a sanctuary for the Jewish people fleeing Nazi Europe that had rose to power. The upwards trend of Jewish migration caused a massive flood of Jewish people, too much for the Arab nation to handle. Richard Falk states *"Even [if] it was not intended, it was the effect of establishing Israel over the will of the resident population and in a manner that all the Arabs neighbors of Palestine opposed. That was definitely the last gasp or twilight of colonial authority imposed on the Muslim world in a way that has fueled the conflict ever since, for the last seventy years. It has caused great suffering to the Palestine people who were just there [and] had the bad fortune being in this land that has become the object of the Zionist ambition. "*

Bibliography:

Sofuolgu, Murat. *Israel: The Making of a Colonial State in a Postcolonial World*, TRT World, 25 Dec. 2017, www.trtworld.com/magazine/israel-the-making-of-a-colonial-state-in-a-postcolonial-world-13599.
Guadalajara- Blood, Drugs, and Misery

Guajajara, like all of Mexico, has issues with the Cartels that plague the country and rampant poverty The Problems Guadalajara face seem almost insurmountable, however I believe addressing the issues will lead to better policy's made with the peoples interest in mind I would like to explore these issues and see what is being done to resolve or at lease help carry the load of it all.

Drugs. Drugs have a unique and dark history in Mexico. The term Cartel is almost synonymous with Mexico and images of Criminal empires, terror upon citizens and killings to prove as examples to the public and other rival cartels. Mexico is on the ropes and it's people are paying with there wellbeing or worse, there lives. The Mexican government is trying to combat this, but it's plain to see that this is not a battle they can win alone. The United States, if it works in tandem with the Mexican government, it could slow down there rate of growth to a death pulse with progressive Drug laws, reinforcing security and support at the boarder that would benefit both nations, and supporting them militarily even by creating tasks forces to assist Mexican authorities all without being intrusive. The United States does not have a good reputation with interference with Foreign affairs. Stopping the bleeding and allowing Mexico to heal would cause for Mexico to reach a potentially un heard of recovery and the United States would create a powerful, rich and dependable ally south of its boarders, securing its security, not to mention the international ripples it would cause that might lead to a revolution of cooperation not heard of in the modern age!

Poverty- 27.6 percent of the population lives below the poverty line in Jalisco. This would be Below the national average of 41.9. Now poverty is a tricky thing due to the amount causes that can lead to poverty. Its not black and white by any means. However a lot of issues stem from once again the issues stated above with Drugs and Cartels. However building programs and money being funneled to help the homeless and less fortunate citizens have helped a little, however the main issues stem from much larger issues that increase poverty which then aid the bigger problems. It's a viscous cycle that cant and wont end until things dramatically change.

With all this said id like to be the first on to say that there is no easy way in solving any of the problems Mexico is battling with, however, hiding behind a wall and ignoring the issues only lead them to grow bigger and much worse, all while sacrificing peoples lives to pay for exit of mind. understanding and addressing issues is the first step to fixing them. How many more have to die before we has a species do the right thing, not because of a bottom line, but because all human life has intrinsic value.
Svetlana Agapitova by Mari Gavelovska

**Svetlana Agapitova**

Name in Russian: Светлана Юрьевна Агапитова

Russian human rights activist, social and political activist.

Born on February 8, 1964 in Leningrad

Aquarius

Married, 4 children

An activist in the promotion of abortion, homosexuality and sodomy

**School:**

Graduate School of Journalism and Mass Communication(-1986)

Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration(-2012)

**Timeline:**

-1986- graduated from the journalism faculty of Leningrad State University

-2012-she received a degree in law, graduated from the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation.

-1989- she became a founder of information and advertising agency IMA-PRESS. -1991- she started working in Petersburg.  On Russia's best family and childhood channel (Channel 5.)

-December 23, 2009- entered the office of the Ombudsman of the child in St. Petersburg.

- January 21, 2015- she was re-elected as the Commissioner for Children's Rights in St. Petersburg.
Ethiopia and Global Warming

Ethiopia, being (supposedly) the only country that was not colonized by European forces, does not suffer from as much post colonial problems as other countries in Africa, such as some that are still very subservient to European powers like France. Globalization has still taken its toll on the country, but that is a different issue. Global warming on the other hand is something that will and is affecting Ethiopia greatly, with the UNEP having Ethiopia as one of the top ten countries at risk from climate change . Ethiopia is already one of the most drought prone countries in the world, is at great risk of having harsh weather and hunger problems from climate change, and they seem to be aware of this problem, with a plan to go climate neutral by 2025 . By reviving many of its forests and they have created systems with which agriculture and larger trees will be able to grow side by side, helping the earth while also maintaining the source of income for many people in the country.

1. ↑ https://www.ecosystemmarketplace.com/articles/how-ethiopia-is-slowing-climate-change-by-reviving-its-forests-and-its-economy/
2. ↑ https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/climate-risk-profile-ethiopia
3. ↑ https://www.ecosystemmarketplace.com/articles/how-ethiopia-is-slowing-climate-change-by-reviving-its-forests-and-its-economy/
Libyas oil and economic turmoils

Libya as a country has a vast history of ups and downs and many controversies. Its hard to imagine the quality of life the citizens of Libya endure everyday. While Libya has a number of great problems needing to be solved, one problem stands in the way of their ability to successfully compete in the worlds economic arena. Libya's main source of income for the country is in its exporting of oil
Ever Since the untimely death of Qaddafi, Libya has been in a constant state of civil war and unrest. Times like this make it extremely difficult for a country to actively embark on long term projects to improve the infrastructure of the country. The rampant violence puts a host of country needs on hold because no one can live their regular day to day lives with the amount of chaos produced in the lands of Libya. Infrastructure is one of those country needs that have not gotten tended to.
The result of failing to improve its Infrastructure is the failing of pertinent structures resulting in loss of revenue for a country who needs everything they can get at this point.
One of Libya's main pipelines controlled by the state had a leak identified earlier this year and resulted in a loss of 200,000 barrels a day with the decision to shut the pipeline down. Oil is Libya's number one export and with losing 200,000 barrels a day to export it is crippling to an already struggling economy. Compound interest has been compiled with other countries simply going elswhere to get oil while Libya figures out their pipeline problem, resulted in Libya experiencing a total average of more than one million barrels less than previously before their pipeline suffered a leak.
Collective Harvest 5 by Ethan Machado

As I reflect on my study of the country of Yemen over these past few months, one of the most difficult things I have learned was the tribulations the children of Yemen face on a daily basis. Being in high school in America, it was shocking to learn about some of the things these kids have had to deal with in recent years. Things no kid should ever have to do seem to be daily part of many of these children's lives.

Fortunately enough, there is help. Organizations like Save the Children are leading the front lines in providing better lives for children at home and abroad. Save the Children was the first global movement for children, boldly declaring that children have rights. Founded in 1919 by Eglantyne Jebb on the conviction that children have the right to grow up healthy, educated and safe, now the organization champions the rights of the word's 2.3 billion children. When Save the Children was first created children's rights were not even a mainstream idea. Much has changed since then. The UN Convention of the Rights of the Child was actually based on Jebb's declaration and is now the most universally accepted human rights treaty in history. Save the Children works in over 100 countries doing whatever it takes to give children a healthy start in life, the opportunity to learn and protection from harm. Results from 2020 indicated that the organization reached more than 197 million children, including 1.1 million in America.

But what has this organization done for the children in Yemen? The answer to this is honestly, what haven't they done? Save the Children has been working in Yemen since 1963. They are the largest aid organization in the country and have been responding to the crisis in Yemen since 2015. Since May 2015, Save the Children has reached more than 4 million children with lifesaving assistance and they continue to deliver vital programming. Save the Children is treating children under five suffering from malnutrition and supporting health facilities in some of the hardest-to-reach areas. With up to 75% of schools destroyed in some areas, they also running temporary learning programs so children don’t miss out on an education.

The work of Save the Children is inspiring, and by supporting the organization we are ushering in a world where no child goes through suffering without help.
LGBT+ Activism in Japan

**LGBT Activism in Japan**

For this assignment, I picked a group that is working towards LGBTQ+ justice and rights in Japan. Japan is a famously conservative country, with many laws that discriminate against queer people. The Japanese LGBTQ movement has strategically targeted local courts and municipal governments for gradual reform that has led to an increase in LGBTQ acceptance and queer rights. Since the past six years, the LGBT movement in Japan has slowly been gaining momentum and they have been increasingly bringing change to Japan.

One of the ways they built their movement is target areas where awareness and activism can be built upon—for example, in the healthcare, education, and employment fields.

An example of this can be how trans rights has been framed as a public health issue.

```
Because of this, Japanese LGBT activists have pushed for trans citizens to legally be able to change their changer in official registration documents. While in the education field, bullying has been taken up as an issue that activists can focus on, urging for a zero-tolerance policy on harassment and hate speech.

```

This allows for better school conditions for queer and trans Japanese children.
Jyri Jaakkola: Finland's Social Justice Warrior by Erica Cruz

Jyri Jaakkola was a Finnish human rights activist, born February 11, 1977 in Joensuu, Finland.

Jaakkola was a member of Climate Justice Action and a Finnish grassroots ecology organization called Hyökyaalto.  He also frequently worked with the Työryhmä kommunalismin edistämiseksi Suomessa (the TKE), also known as The Working Group for Communalism in Finland.  Jaakkola worked in various communities such as in Africa and Latin America, and in fair trade organizations in Turku.  His last goal was working on climate activism and indigenous grassroots resistance in 2010, in Oaxaca and Chiapas.

Jyri Jaakkola acted as an international observer on human rights in Oaxaca – which at the time was unstable, especially after a 2006 uprising against its governor – and gave workshops on ecological activism.  Jaakkola supported the uprising as well as alternative anti-capitalistic communities and forms of autonomy developed by Zapatistas, believed that working directly in Mexico was the best form of solidarity, and hoped to bring what he learned to Europe.

While in northwestern Oaxaca, Jaakkola was in San Juan Copala, a small town that is home to the Trique indigenous community.  In 2006, San Juan Copala declared autonomy in protest of policies of discrimination and harassment.  Oaxacan authorities dismissed the declaration and formed a barricade in the municipality.  On April 27, 2010, Jyri Jaakkola, along with fellow activist Bety Cariño, set off in a convoy to bring food and medicine to the village surrounded by the barricade and gunmen.  It was believed that the barricade would not use violence, however they began firing on the convoy.  Both Jyri Jaakkola and Bety Cariño were killed, and others wounded.

More than a decade later, the case has still not been resolved.  Finland could not begin its own investigation because of Mexico’s practice of not extraditing its own citizens to be accused and prosecuted in another state.  Therefore, it is Mexico’s responsibility to hold the perpetrators responsible, but the case was stuck in two local courts, and the federal court had declared there to be a lack of evidence.

**Sources**

“Assassination of Bety Cariño and Jyri Jaakkola: A Decade of Impunity.” Mexico, https://pbi-mexico.org/news/2020-05/assassination-bety-cari%C3%B1o-and-jyri-jaakkola-decade-impunity.

Eiglad, Eirik. “Jyri Jaakkola, Presente!” New Compass, http://new-compass.net/articles/jyri-jaakkola-presente.

Llano, Pablo de. “Una Tragedia Finlandesa En México.” El País, 28 Apr. 2016, https://elpais.com/internacional/2016/04/27/mexico/1461771350\_216411.html.

Saarikoski, Jyrki. “Jyri Jaakkola Murhattiin Kymmenen Vuotta Sitten Meksikossa – Oikeuden Hakeminen Teki Myös Äidistä Aktivistin.” Yle Uutiset, 4 May 2020, https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-11328871.
ESCsort 9

## Países

### Retornos

  Croacia
  Dinamarca
  Islandia
  Noruega
  República Checa

### Retiradas

  Eslovenia
  Hungría
  Montenegro
  Polonia

## Sorteo

* Azerbaiyán
* Georgia
* Lituania
* Rusia
* Turquía
* Ucrania
* Dinamarca
* Estonia
* Finlandia
* Islandia
* Noruega
* Suecia

* Bosnia y Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croacia
* Macedonia del Norte
* Serbia
* Suiza
* Eslovaquia
* Grecia
* Israel
* Malta
* República Checa
* San Marino
* Bélgica
* Irlanda
* Moldavia
* Países Bajos
* Portugal
* Rumanía
Indigenous and Afro-Venezuelans Struggles

Venezuela as many other Latin America countries fell under the Spanish rule during the 16th century. Which eventually lead to slave trade occurring, bringing Africans to exploit the occupied land. The colonial power was also in charge of establishing a socio-racial classification, which distributed social power according to a caste system. Such caste system would rank the population according to the amount of Spanish blood they possessed, those with more would rank higher whereas those with less would rank lower. The power of the caste system extended to wealth, property, attire and relationships. Therefore, giving a clear advantage to those closer to the colonial power. Essentially, enacting systematic racism and marginalization of minorities causing long-term effects that have carried on to the 21th century.

On Venezuela today, there is a vast majority of population from European, Indigenous and African descent. Throughout time however, and as practiced by the caste system a European or Western lineage has been regarded as the ideal one. Such that Creole—which refers to European descendants— culture is sought after as a way of social ascension. Which affects the current Afro-Venezuelan and Indigenous population of Venezuela, as they are perceived in a lower standard. Due to this fact, these population are more vulnerable to situations such as racism.

Racism in Venezuela is not as notable as in Western nations, although it exists it is a difficult issue to fight against. This is mainly the situation, due to the fact that it is invisibilize and has gain a more normalized aspect. Nonetheless, there is clear evidence in the country of systematic racism taking place. For instance, most of the black population of the nation currently resides on cities margins, and locations where slave working occurred, reserving the center for the power elites or the Creole population.

In efforts to search for decolonization of the issue and reappropriation of Indigenous and Afro-Venezuela culture there has been festivals such as the Fiesta de San Juan, and the encouragement of *cimarronaje* which refers to the resistance of a dominant culture and the consciousness of being part of a marginalized group.

VENEZUELA

VENEZUELA: Oppression and Resistance

MARIA SANCHEZ

Work Cited

*Venezuela - Spanish Colonial Life*, countrystudies.us/venezuela/3.htm.

“Afro-Venezuelans - History and Cultural Relations.” *Countries and Their Cultures*, www.everyculture.com/South-America/Afro-Venezuelans-History-and-Cultural-Relations.html.

Camacho, Isabel. “Spanish Caste System.” *Nuestra Verdad*, Nuestra Verdad, 4 Oct. 2020, www.nuestraverdad.com/post/spanish-caste-system.

Venezuelanalysis.com, Cira Pascual Marquina –. “Afro-Venezuelan Culture and Resistance: A Conversation with Ines Perez-Wilke.” *Venezuelanalysis.com*, 29 Apr. 2021, venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/14506.
Tigray-Ethiopia War

The conflict in Ethiopia with one of its more autonomous ethnic groups has been going on since November of 2020. The conflict was at first kept as hidden as possible by the Ethiopian government as possible, but as the conflict continues keeping that secrecy has been harder and harder for them. While it is still proving difficult to obtain much information on the conflict, the little that has come to international onlookers has been quite disturbing, with an estimation of over 2 million people displaced and many horrifying accusations have been thrown at the Ethiopian government, with photos being taken of military men massacring entire villages and accounts of "sexual violence being used as a weapon of war". Eritrea, the country that has a direct border with the Tigray have also been accused of mass slaughter on the Tigray people and have been the prime leaders of the inhumanities that have been caused in the region. International interest in the conflict had died down in mid-January, since the Ethiopian government had claimed that the Eritrean forces would leave the Tigray region, but it is now clear that not only did it not happen, but there are no signs of their forces leaving soon, especially without pressure by foreign countries.

1. ↑ https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20201127-the-midnight-confrontation-that-helped-unleash-ethiopia-s-conflict
2. ↑ https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2021/0412/Two-million-displaced-in-Ethiopia-Three-questions-on-Tigray
3. ↑ https://observers.france24.com/en/africa/20210312-ethiopia-tigray-video-massacre-war-mai-harmaz-investigation
4. ↑ https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2021-04-15/sexual-violence-being-used-as-weapon-of-war-in-ethiopias-tigray-un-says
5. ↑ https://news.kuwaittimes.net/website/3-dead-as-eritrean-forces-fire-on-tigray-civilians-amnesty/
Lumad Communities

Indigenous communities all throughout the country have been continuously targeted with violence for a while now not only when it comes to their land but also their freedom and ability to live. For the past years, there have been aims to shut down schools within these communities due to the educators and staff being accused of leading children into the New People’s Army, affiliated to the communist party in the Philippines. However, there are little to no evidence presented supporting these claims and it is even shown that the students are learning how to read and write. This has led to attacks on these schools and their communities through aerial bombings, extrajudicial killings, arrests, etc.

On February 27th, attacks occurred at the University of San Carlos-Talamban in Cebu, a Visayan city, where some members of Lumad from the Mindanao region were visiting. There were multiple unwarranted arrests under the guise that it was a “rescue operation”. However, many sources have stated that that was not the case. It is occurrences like these that continue to threaten the liberation of these communities, and more specifically, of the youth. This is also one of the many issues that prevail in keeping the Indigenous communities unprotected and neglected.

Tying this into this week’s unit, this issue can be mostly associated to the human rights and oppression and resistance. Their livelihood and ability to live freely on their land has undergone a lot and even today, there is little to no protection provided for these people. These are communities that are constantly marginalized by the system and whose voices are being washed out. Fortunately, there are activist and human rights groups that exist within these places to help combat these oppressive forces.
Japan's Social Justice Warrior by Mugita Kurosaki

In Japan, there is an organization called Good Aging Yells. Its main focus is on raising awareness about LGBTQ issues through the creation of hospitality spaces, hosting of events, and production of diverse content. It was established in 2010 as a specified non-profit organization and is operated with the support of different corporates, individual activists, and organizations. Furthermore, they’ve made many accomplishments throughout the 12 years since its establishment. For example, they’ve set up Pride House Tokyo, a hospitality facility to disseminate information on sexual minorities, created a café where LGBT and non-LGBT people can meet and interact with each other, and have a photo gallery featuring sexual minorities.

Gon Matsunaka, the Representative of Good Aging Yells founded this organization from his passion for making a society a better place for the sexual minorities. He wanted to “create a place where people with various personalities, regardless of sexuality, age, nationality, or even experience, can feel comfortable and grow older in their own way.” According to a concept advocated by American sociologist Ray O'Denberg, people need three places where they can call themselves “a home”. These places include home, school and workplace, and a place to gather like cafés. Therefore, Matsunaka and his teammates are working hard daily to create a community that people can love, live in, and have fun with. Through the development process, he’s hoping that LGBT people would feel more optimistic about representing themselves and is wishing to hear his clients confidently say, "It's fun being around colorful (diversified) people!"

Today, the Good Aging Yells projects have expanded to different prefectures in Japan. A recent accomplishment made by the organization is establishing "Rainbow Certification" at workplaces. It's an effort to evaluate whether the company's internal environment is suitable for LGBT people. As of 2021, 10 companies have been selected in Japan, and among the 10 companies, there are names of foreign companies too. For example, Citigroup, Johnson & Johnson, and Morgan Stanley are some of the companies selected. The organization is also planning to reopen a café at the Isshiki Beach in the city of Hayama, which is located in Kanagawa Prefecture during the summer this year after a 3-year hiatus. By taking action little by little, they’re expecting society to be a little closer to the acceptance of sexual minorities.

Source Citations:

*Good Aging Yells*, https://goodagingyells.net/about/#greetings. Accessed 8 May 2022.

Rehow. “Announcement of the Results of the ‘Pride Index 2021’, Which Measures the Efforts of Companies Regarding LGBTQ. the Number of Applicants / Organizations Is 300, Which Is the Largest Number Ever, and 237 Have Received ‘Gold’ Awards. 41 Companies Appli.” *Japan NEWS*, 11 Nov. 2021, https://re-how.net/all/1512598/. Accessed 8 May 2022.
Mexico by Jamar Clark

Mexico is located in the southern part of North America. It borders the United States from the north, Gulf of Mexico the the East, Guatemala and Belize from the the South, and the Pacific Ocean from the West. Mexico is about 761,600 square miles with a population of 130 million people. The capital of Mexico is Mexico City with a population of 12 million people. Mexico’s geography consists of high mountains in the middle of the country with deserts to the north and tropical dense rain forests to the south.

Most of Mexico’s population is made of many ethnic groups such as Mestizo, Amerindian, and Europeans. Mexican Mestizo (Amerindian/European) makes up more than half of the national population with 62 percent. In 2021, the gender ratio in Mexico is 96 males for every 100 females. Children (0-14 yrs) make up 26 percent; teenagers to young adults (15-24 yrs) make up 16 percent; adults (25-54 yrs); and 65 yrs or older make up about 8 percent.

The official language spoken in Mexico is Spanish. The 1917 Constitution of Mexico was ratified after the Mexican Revolution focused on preserving the languages in Mexico and the country's multicultural identity. The constitution of Mexico stated that every indigenous group has the rights to protect and enrich their own part of the Mexican language. Today, there are over 7 million indigenous language speakers in Mexico. Besides Spanish there are some other widely spoken languages such as Nahual, more than 1.7 million speakers, Maya, about 800,000 speakers, and Mixtec, with over 500,000 speakers.

As far as the LGBT, most people do support LGBT+. A website where they survey people are surveys that show most people support it. Mexico's equality index is 77 out of 100. Almost all countries in the west have a good equality index over 50 except only 2 countries. The equality index refers to the measures the status of LGBT laws, rights, freedoms, and overall attitude towards LGBT peoples. Most people in Mexico support LGBT people. They are ranked 18 out of over 1000 countries, states, and provinces.

Other wiki pages:

[1]Mexico Decolonization by Jamar Clark

Social Justice (Fondo Semillas) by Jamar Clark

Infographic:

Criminal Violence in Mexico
Social Justice Group in Singapore

Labor resources are a key concern in Singapore for both local and international businesses. Over the last 10 years, Singapore's population has exploded (the small island now has a population of roughly 5.6 million people), and migrant workers have become a big issue in the local media. Indigenous Singaporeans, in particular, have voiced worry that foreign immigrants are filling their employment.

**Transient Workers Count Too (TWC2)** extends help to low-wage migrant workers who have been injured, unpaid, or abused by employers. Low-wage migrant workers constitute about one in five persons in Singapore. Doing jobs like construction, sanitation and domestic work, they form the backbone of Singapore's society and economy. Yet they are often treated badly by employers. Sometimes, salaries are not paid, rest days denied, housed in unsafe and unhygienic places, physically and psychologically abused, and when injured, abandoned without adequate medical treatment or left with no income. Migrant workers have no family in Singapore to fall back on for help. Doing low-wage work, they do not have savings to tide them through difficulties. TWC2 tries to help by extending a lifeline to those in need.

### Their Programs

TWC2 provides the following major services to foreign workers who are not allowed to work and have no income while waiting for the Ministry of Manpower to settle their case:

* 1. Social work assistance: advices to foreign workers assisting them in obtaining their rightful salaries, medical treatment and injury compensation, and to navigate a bureaucracy that operates in a language foreign to them. TWC2 helped over 700 workers with social work in 2015.
* 2. The Cuff Road Project: currently this free meal programme from Monday to Saturday in Little India hands out 300 to 400 servings of food daily. Each year, about 2,000 workers register with meals programme.
* 3. Emergency Medical Fund: pays for medical treatment for workers abandoned by their employers. The NGO try to recover the treatment expenses when we can, but the fund permits operations, treatment and physiotherapy to go ahead without delay in order to alleviate suffering.
* 4. FareGo: top-up EZ-link cards to subsidize travel to hospitals; helps ensure that worker meet their medical appointments.
* 5. Project Roof: helps pay for accommodation of seriously injured workers who, without income and unable to continue staying in employer's dorm, has no other housing option.

Resources:

https://twc2.org.sg/who-we-are/
Peace, Justice, and Resolution

On March 15, 2019, Brenton Tarrant opened fire on Muslim worshippers in a mosque, killing 51 people, and injuring more. Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern spoke about a lack of counter measures that could have prevented this tragedy from happening, and Ardern put in place more intense firearm restrictions, a gun registry, and a ban to "remove military-style semi-automatics from our communities." While the tragedy of those that were practicing their freedom of religion got killed, actions to prevent guns from falling into the hands of criminals has gone into effect. I personally believe that stricter regulations on guns and the market in general, is a great way to prevent people with ill-intent the ability to obtain firearms and cause destruction.

Resources:
https://www.npr.org/2019/09/13/760460922/new-zealand-moves-to-create-firearm-registry-and-stiffen-penalties-for-gun-crime
https://www.npr.org/2020/12/08/944102839/new-zealand-finds-intelligence-lapses-leading-to-last-years-mosque-attacks
Malaysian Nature Society by Evan Schilling

The Malaysian Nature Society has been working since 1940 to protect the wildlife and environment in Malaysia. They were founded after the publication of the Malayan Nature Journal in the same year. Since then they have been working to better the environment and preserving the wildlife and natural areas of the country. They are based in Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia with 24 staff members who see to the day-to-day running of the organization. The general operation is like most non-profits with the general staff, board of trustees, and a variety of volunteers.

One of their key missions is the protection of Malaysia's forests, wetlands, and marine areas. Malaysia has lost around 60,000 species of life forms a year. Most of this is due to the amount of logging, development, and other various human exploits causing harm to the environment.

They are also working to educate people on the environment and why it is important to preserve it. They offer 7 different education programs and awards and 5 different Parks and Centres.
ESCsort 15

## Países

### Retornos

  Italia
  Ucrania

### Retiradas

  Bosnia y Herzegovina
  Turquía

## Sorteo

* Azerbaiyán
* Estonia
* Georgia
* Letonia
* Lituania
* Ucrania
* Dinamarca
* Finlandia
* Islandia
* Noruega
* Suecia
* Croacia
* Eslovenia
* Macedonia del Norte
* Montenegro
* Serbia
* Suiza

* Bulgaria
* Chipre
* Grecia
* Israel
* Malta
* San Marino
* Moldavia
* Países Bajos
* Portugal
* República Checa
* Rumanía
SCC GLST 302 Global Issues Wiki

## **Welcome to the SCC GLST 302 Global Issues Wiki!**

Global Issues wiki created by students in Global Issues class at Sacramento City College.

We're a collaborative community website about SCC GLST 302 Global Issues that anyone, including you, can build and expand. Wikis like this one depend on readers getting involved and adding content. Click the "ADD NEW PAGE" or "EDIT" button at the top of any page to get started!

### Global Issues Pages:

1. GLST 302 SP21 Countries and Regions
2. GLST 302 SP22 Countries and Regions

</gallery>

## Gallery of Images

*Need help building out this community?*

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You can also be part of the larger Fandom family of communities. Visit Fandom's Community Central!

*Community Founders*: Write a good and paragraph-length description for your welcome section about your topic. Let your readers know what your topic is about and add some general information about it. Then you should visit the admin dashboard for more tips.
Joshua Wong

There has been ongoing protests in Hong Kong, China since June 2020. The reason for these protests is because of a bill that wanted to passed which would have allowed extraditions of fugitives to mainland China. Although Hong Kong is a part of China, it is separated as its own area and has it's own laws and justice system. By allowing this bill to take place, it would contradict the separate judicial systems and it was unwanted by the people because it could potentially undermine judicial independence and endanger dissidents. Joshua Wong was rose as a leader in these student led protests and voluntarily grouped activists together in order to argue against the government. He was jailed for political protests against the government already but was released last June. in December 2020 he received an additional 10 months for participating in an unauthorized protests in the government assembly's. Joshua has been consistently standing up for his rights as well as the rights of his fellow people. He has a determination to continue with activism and stated that he would do whatever it took to create a change. I chose to search Joshua and his actions because I was aware of the Hong Kong protests but did not know the reason for them and did not realize how Joshua and his friends played such a huge role in the ongoing protests
The U.S. War on Drugs in Colombia

Ever since Richard Nixon declared the War on Drugs in 1971, Colombia has struggled to improve its reputation as a drug-trafficking country supplying North America and Europe. During the 1980s, Colombia was in the midst of guerilla unrest and political instability (Friedersdorf). However, while the reason for this situation is often chalked up to a corrupt Colombian government, many tend to glaze over the United States’ involvement in the War on Drugs and how that rhetoric still influences foreign countries today.

The United States’ official fiscal involvement regarding drug trafficking started with Plan Colombia which was adopted in 2000. The intervention plan costs upwards of $1 billion but the US was hopeful that this would put an end to the country’s collective addiction to cocaine. The effects of this plan can still be seen today. What is widely regarded as a failed attempt to put the Colombian drug trade to a stop has still left the country producing more coca than ever before. This is what’s inherently wrong with US imperialism and our obsession with fixing things through military force. In Colombia, the coca production has simply moved and adjusted to the government’s enforcement. This has meant that more cocaine is traveling along different routes through Mexico and more coca is being grown in neighboring countries like Peru and Bolivia (Lee). Additionally, US intervention has stunted the economy and the opportunities available to Colombians. Many rural farmers have been forced to grow coca instead of what was originally land for cattle ranching or coffee growing. People cannot afford to grow anything else and are controlled by rivaling guerilla groups (Friedersdorf).

The War on Drugs may get attention for its impact on the Global North but Colombians are still having to reconcile with that reputation now for being caught in the crossfire.

**References**

Friedersdorf, Conor. “Why the War on Cocaine Still Isn't Working.” The Atlantic, Atlantic Media

Company, 21 June 2020, www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/06/why-the-war-on-cocaine-still-isnt-working/613297/.

Lee, Brendon. “Not-So-Grand Strategy: America's Failed War on Drugs in Colombia.” *Harvard*

*International Review*, Harvard International Review, 10 Jan. 2020, hir.harvard.edu/americas-failed-war-on-drugs-in-colombia/.

Colombia

Colombian Civil War
GLST 302 Postcolonialism, Decolonization, & Environmental Crises & Solutions/Resistance

* Afghanistan by Fatema Nushin
* Bhutan by Kaylin Turk
* China by Frances Guyot
* Denmark Postcolonialism by Francis Doherty
* Ecuador by Grace Gillman
* El Salvador by Adamaris Ramirez
* Ethiopia by Acsah Lemma
* Finland and Colonization by Erica Cruz
* Guam Decolonization by Madison Torres
* Guatemala by Marisa Robb
* Guyana by Nancy Fleischer
* India by Sydney Padilla
* Indonesia by Giovanni Aquila
* Ireland by Emma Hanf
* Japan's Environmental Crises by Mugita Kurosaki
* Kashmir by Beverly Cummins
* Kenya Environmental Crisis by Emma Chang
* Laos by Shayanne Yang
* Malaysia's Environmental Crises by Evan Schilling
* Mexico Decolonization by Jamar Clark
* Norway Postcolonial Issues by Oleksandr Kostiuk
* Palestine by Christian Escobar
* Philippines by Marcy Credo
* Singapore (Human Rights) by Gulzar Shamurzaeva
* South Korea by Desirae Sagurit
* Taiwan by Loren Thatcher
* Thailand by Emily Longeuay
* Tibet by Yelesey Leshchuk
* Turkey by Alecia Perez
* Ukraine by Blake Daniels
* United Kingdom by Jayden Barnes
* Vietnam by Aliyah Lemma
* West Africa by Robert Fields
* Yemen by Ethan Machado