recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Schizophrenia

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.UnrealityThe following page includes discussions of unreality, including delusions, hallucinations, derealization, and depersonalization. If you are uncomfortable or get triggered by this topic, it is recommended to not read this page.

**Schizophrenia** is a mental health condition in which individuals interpret reality abnormally. Individuals with schizophrenia may seem like they have lost touch with reality, which can be distressing for them and for their family and friends.

## Signs & Symptoms

Schizophrenia is characterized by significant impairments in the way reality is perceived and changes in behavior.

* Lack of interest in things.
* Feeling disconnected from one's own emotions.
* Difficulty concentrating.
* Wanting to avoid others.
* Hallucinations.
* Delusions.
* Disorganized thinking and speech.
* Lack of self-care or not wanting to look after oneself.

Individuals with schizophrenia often experience persistent difficulties with their cognitive or thinking skills, such as memory, attention and problem-solving.

Schizophrenia does not cause someone to be violent and schizophrenia is not the same as dissociative identity disorder, as in schizophrenia does not mean that one shares a consciousness with others and switches between headmates. Overall, individuals with schizophrenia are more likely to be harmed by others than those without.

## Causes

It's not known what causes schizophrenia, but researchers believe that a combination of genetics, brain chemistry and environmental factors contribute to development of the disorder.

Problems with certain naturally occurring brain chemicals may contribute to schizophrenia. Neuroimaging studies show differences in the brain structure and central nervous system of individuals with schizophrenia. Researchers aren't certain about the significance of these changes.

## References

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/schizophrenia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354443

https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/schizophrenia/overview/

https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/schizophrenia

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schizophrenia

https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/types-of-mental-health-problems/schizophrenia/about-schizophrenia/
Other (or Unknown) Substance Use Disorder

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.AddictionThe following page includes discussions of addiction, including substance abuse. If you are uncomfortable or get triggered by this topic, it is recommended to not read this page.

**Other (or Unknown) Substance Use Disorder** is a category used to diagnose significant substance-related problems that don't fit the definition of any individually recognized substance use disorder. One example is anabolic steroids, another is nitrious oxide.

## References

https://www.addiction-intervention.com/addiction/drug-addiction/understanding-other-or-unknown-substance-related-disorders/

https://www.mentalhelp.net/addiction/other-substance-related-disorders-and-diagnosis/
Congenital Insensitivity to Pain

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Congenital Insensitivity to Pain (CIP)** is a condition that inhibits the ability to perceive physical pain. It is considered a form of peripheral neuropathy because it affects the peripheral nervous system, which connects the brain and spinal cord to muscles and to cells that detect sensations such as touch, smell and pain. They may be able to tell when something is sharp or dull, or hot or cold, but they could not be able to tell if what they are drinking is hot enough to burn their tongue.

## Causes

Mutations in the SCN9A gene cause congenital insensitivity to pain. The SCN9A gene provides instructions for making one part of the sodium channel. Sodium channels transport positively charged sodium atoms into cells and play a key role in the cell's ability to generate and transmit electrical signals, they are found in nerve cells called nociceptors that transmit pain signals to the spinal cord and brain. The absence of these channels impairs the transmission of pain signals from the site of injury to the brain, causing those affected to be insensitive to pain.

## References

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-insensitivity-to-pain/#synonyms
Mood Disorders

**Mood Disorders** are conditions that affect one's mood, often altering their perception on emotions, and distorting their emotional state. Mood disorders are often formed due to hormonal imbalances, head injuries, and/or trauma.

## Types of Mood Disorders

### Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder is a condition in which one experiences periods of extreme depression and experiences periods of manic euphoria, sometimes experiencing one directly after the other.

### Cyclothymic Disorder

Cyclothymic Disorder is a condition that is the same as bipolar disorder, but with less intense moods.

### Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)

DMDD is a condition in those under the age of 19 in which there is high and persistent amounts of anger/irritability in their mood, often leading to explosive reactions.

### Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) or Depression

Depression is a condition in which one experiences intense sadness, low mood, low self-esteem, loss of internet, exhaustion, and/or physical pain without any clear cause. Depression is often long-lasting, though it can come in episodes in some cases.

### Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD) or Dysthymia

Dysthymia is a condition that is the same as MDD, but with longer lasting symptoms.

### Premenstrual Dysphoria Disorder (PMDD)

PMDD is a condition that affects those who menstruate, in which 1-2 weeks before a period, there are intense episodes of depression, anxiety, and/or distress. These upsetting symptoms are more intense than usual premenstrual symptoms.

### Seasonal Affective Disorder

Seasonal Affective Disorder is a condition in which one only experiences symptoms of depression during specific seasons, most commonly winter or fall.

### Other Specified Depressive Disorder/Depressive Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (DD-NOS)

DD-NOS is when one closely fits a depressive disorder, but does not fit the full diagnostic requirements. They may be considered "close enough" to a condition to be diagnosed with it.

### Unspecified Depressive Disorder

An unspecified depressive disorder is when one shows symptoms of a depressive disorder, but does not fit any subset enough to be diagnosed with a specific form.

## References

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20355955#:~:text=Bipolar%20disorder%2C%20formerly%20called%20manic,or%20pleasure%20in%20most%20activities.

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cyclothymia/symptoms-causes/syc-20371275

https://www.verywellmind.com/disruptive-mood-dysregulation-disorder-4774447

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20356007

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/persistent-depressive-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20350929

https://www.womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome/premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/seasonal-affective-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20364651
Postpartum Psychosis

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.UnrealityThe following page includes discussions of unreality, including delusions, hallucinations, derealization, and depersonalization. If you are uncomfortable or get triggered by this topic, it is recommended to not read this page.

**Postpartum Psychosis (PP)**, sometimes called **Puerperal Psychosis** or **Postnatal Psychosis**, is a form of mental illness that occurs after having a baby. Postpartum psychosis can be an overwhelming and frightening experience.

## Signs & Symptoms

Symptoms usually start suddenly within the first two weeks after giving birth, often within hours or days of giving birth. More rarely, they can develop several weeks after the baby is born.

* Hallucinations.
* Delusions.
* A manic mood, talking and thinking too much or too quickly.
* A low mode, showing signs of depression.
* Sometimes a mixture of both manic mood or low mood, or rapidly changing moods.
* Loss of inhibitions.
* Feeling suspicious or fearful.
* Restlessness.
* Feeling very confused.
* Behaving in a way that's out of character.

## Causes

The cause of postpartum psychosis is not known, but one is more at risk if they:

* Already have a diagnosis of bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.
* Have a family history of mental illness, particularly postpartum psychosis.
* Developed postpartum psychosis after a previous pregnancy.
* Had a traumatic birth or pregnancy.

## References

https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/post-partum-psychosis/

https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/types-of-mental-health-problems/postnatal-depression-and-perinatal-mental-health/postpartum-psychosis/

https://www.app-network.org/what-is-pp/
Hidden Disability Sunflower

The current logo for HDS.

**Hidden Disabilities Sunflower (HDS)** is a British scheme and company created to help people with hidden disabilities navigate and find help in public places. It also supports neurodiversity and individuals in the autism spectrum. HDS focuses on creating lanyards, badges, stickers and other merchandise that remove physical masks to disabilities and expose them. It helps if any disabled individual needs access or assistance in a public area such as an airport, education system, etc.

## History

The scheme was created in 2016 by Gatwick Airport and various charities. In April 2019, London North Eastern Railway became the first railway company to recognize the scheme. By July 2020, all British railway companies had adopted the sunflower lanyard scheme as a means for passengers to let staff members know they may need more assistance, and that they may be medically exempt from wearing a face covering.

The scheme has now been adopted by airports in the United States, including Tulsa International Airport and Central Illinois Regional Airport.

## Distribution

Sunflower lanyards and badges can be obtained for free at participating venues or purchased directly from the Hidden Disabilities Sunflower company website. Hidden Disabilities Sunflower have criticized the resale of their products at inflated costs, and the sale of counterfeit products on websites including Amazon and eBay.

## Usage

The sunflower lanyards are intended to let staff members know that the wearer has a hidden disability and as a result may take longer or need extra assistance. Staff members are trained to spot the lanyards and help the wearer.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns were raised that the lanyards were being abused by non-disabled people for the purposes of avoiding wearing a face covering. Such usage has been criticized by Hidden Disabilities Sunflower, who have stated that only people who consider themselves to have a hidden disability (whether diagnosed or not) should wear the lanyard.

## References

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden\_Disabilities\_Sunflower
Impulse Control Disorders

**Impulse Control Disorders (ICDs)** are characterized by urges and behaviors that are excessive and/or harmful to oneself or to others and cause significant impairment in social and occupational function, as well as legal and financial difficulties.

## Types of Impulse Control Disorders

### Compulsive Sexual Behavior

Compulsive Sexual Behavior is an impulse control disorder in which the affected individual has sexual impulsive behaviors, often which are acted out in public, causing issues for them and those around them. This disorder can often lead to feelings of guilt, shame, and embarrassment. This is sometimes used interchangeably with hypersexuality, but some argue that the two are different, of that they only sometimes overlap.

### Kleptomania

Kleptomania is an impulse control disorder in which the affected individual has impulsive behaviors related to stealing. Oftentimes the affected individual feels guilt, panic, shame, and embarrassment for their behaviors. Those with this disorder to not have a reason to steal, and there is no specific gain for them doing so. They often steal items that would do little to nothing in their daily life.

### Pyromania

Pyromania is an impulse control disorder in which the affected individual has impulsive behaviors related to setting fires. Oftentimes the affected individual feels guilt, shame, panic, and embarrassment for their behavior. Those with this disorder do not have a reason to set fires, and there is no specific gain for them doing so.

## References

1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3089999/
2. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/compulsive-sexual-behavior/symptoms-causes/syc-20360434
3. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kleptomania/symptoms-causes/syc-20364732
4. https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/what-is-pyromania
Other Specified Dissociative Disorder-1a

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Other Specified Dissociative Disorder-1a (OSDD-1a)** is very similar to dissociative identity disorder, but falls just short of meeting the criteria. It is less distinct than dissociative identity disorder, as headmates typically do not take executive control over the body, but strongly influence thoughts and actions. Amnesia is still present.

For those with OSDD-1a, headmates are more likely to present as the same individual at different ages, different modes, or as a different versions of the same individual.

## Signs of OSDD-1a

In *Dissociation and Dissociative Disorders*, Dell suggests three possible symptom clusters.

1. General dissociative symptoms, defined as memory problems, depersonalization, derealizaiton, post traumatic flashbacks, somatoform symptoms, or trance states.
2. Partial dissociative intrusions, described as internal interactions or overlap between dissociative states and which can manifest as passive influence, hearing voices, or self alteration.
3. Full dissociative intrusions, described as switching between headmates with associated amnesia.

Individuals with DID are expected to meet criteria of all three symptom clusters while individuals with OSDD-1a or OSDD-1b may only meet two of the clusters.

## References

http://traumadissociation.com/osdd

https://did-research.org/comorbid/dd/osdd\_udd/did\_osdd

Dell, P.F. and O’neil, J.A. (2015). *Dissociation and the dissociative disorders : DSM-V and beyond*. London: Routledge.
Borderline Personality Disorder

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.AbuseThe following page includes discussions of abuse, including verbal, physical, neglect, sexual (**SA also has its own warning**), etc. If you are uncomfortable or get triggered by this topic, it is recommended to not read this page.Self-HermThe following page includes discussions of self-harm and suicide. If you are uncomfortable or get triggered by this topic, it is recommended to not read this page.

**Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)** is a condition characterized by difficulties regulating emotions. Individuals with BPD have extreme mood swings and unstable relationships.

## Signs & Symptoms

* An intense fear of abandonment, even going to extreme measures to avoid real or imagined separation or rejection.
* A pattern of unstable intense relationships, such as idealizing someone one moment and then suddenly believing the individual doesn't care enough or is cruel.
* Rapid changes in self-identity and self-image that including shifting goals and values, and seeing oneself as bad or as if one doesn't exist at all.
* Periods of stress-related paranoia and loss of contact with reality, lasing from a few minutes to a few hours.
* Impulsive and risky behavior.
* Suicidal threats or behavior or self-injury, often in response to fear or separation or rejection.
* Wide mood swings lasting from a few hours to a few days.
* Ongoing feelings of emptiness.
* Inappropriate, intense anger.

### Diagnosis

For a diagnosis, individuals must meet at least five out of the nine criteria according to the DSM-V:

* Perceived or real fears of abandonment.
* Intense mood swings, brief periods of severe depression or anxiety.
* Impulsivity.
* Unstable intense relationships.
* Self-injurious and suicidal behavior.
* Chronic feelings of emptiness.
* Inappropriate, intense anger and rage.
* Unstable self of self.
* Dissociation and feelings of detachment.

Occasionally, an individual younger than 18 may be diagnosed if symptoms are significant enough and last at least a year.

## Causes

The cause of borderline personality disorder is still unclear. Some believe BDP to be a combination of inherited biological traits and environmental conditions. From bullying to childhood trauma involving emotional and sexual abuse and neglect, a wide spectrum of environmental factors may contribute to developing BDP.

## References

1. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20370237
2. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder
3. https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Borderline-Personality-Disorder
4. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9762-borderline-personality-disorder-bpd
5. https://www.mhanational.org/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder
Catathrenia

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Catathrenia**, also known as **Nocturnal Groaning** or **Nighttime Groaning**, is a medical term for groaning during sleep. It is characterized by repeated episodes of monotonous moaning or groaning sounds. There has been no known health consequences reported for this condition.

Some believe that catathrenia is a sleep related breathing disorder rather than a parasomnia.

## Signs & Symptoms

The episodes of groaning tend to occur in clusters mainly during the REM stage of sleep, although occurrences in non-REM sleep have been noted. These episodes last between two to 50 seconds and end with a sigh or arousal.

Because of the low number of cases studied, there is a limited understanding of other symptoms associated with the disorder. In some cases, combinations of the following symptoms have accompanied nighttime groaning:

* Snoring.
* Dry mouth.
* Mouth breathing.
* Sleep disruption.
* Fatigue.
* Morning grogginess.
* Morning headache.
* Trouble concentrating.

## Causes

The etiology of catathrenia is still unclear. Several mechanisms have been proposed, from upper airway obstruction during expiration to impairment of the respiratory center.

* Partial closure of the vocal chords in REM sleep and reactive forced expiration to overcome this resistance.
* Critical narrowing of peripheral airways during expiration in REM sleep.
* Functional and/or anatomical lesions involving neurological structures that control ventilation.

Respiratory dysfunction can lead to prolonged exhalation and an increase in intrathoracic pressure due to lack of expiratory muscle activity. This gives rise to the typical pattern of deep inhalation followed by prolonged exhalation. But this does not explain the groaning sounds. It is thought that the sounds may occur due to partial glottic closure.

## References

https://www.baptisthealth.com/services/sleep-center/types-of-sleep-disorders/catathrenia

https://britishsnoring.co.uk/catathrenia.php

https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-related-breathing-disorders/catathrenia
Niplight Lead The Way

"I got an idea" -Klein NIplight

## Background

Niplight Lead The Way was founded by David Niplight. Many people liked to call it "Niplight". David Niplight invented great things, but they were popular for short time. After Klein Niplight became the CEO of Niplight, he stole people's idea of inventing, but he used his money to make them stop bothering him.

## Trasictrons

Niplight Lead The Way was charged for stealing 1 Trasictron from GFT. Niplight was no longer to endure after that.

## Fact

* Niplight Lead The Way became New Niplight Lead The New Way after Klein Niplight moved to Los Angeles.
Abandoned Child Syndrome

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Abandoned Child Syndrome** is a psychological condition that results from the loss of one or both parents. Abandonment may be physical, like the parent is not present in the child's life, or emotional, like the parent withholds affection, nurturing, or stimulation.

Abandoned child syndrome is not currently recognized as a mental disorder in medical manuals like the ICD-10 or the DSM-5.

## Signs & Symptoms

Symptoms may be physical and/or mental, and may extend into adulthood and perhaps throughout an individual's life.

* Alienation from the environment, withdrawal from social activities, resistance towards others.
* Guilt, the child believes that they did something wrong that caused the abandonment.
* Fear and uncertainty, clinginess, insecurities.
* Sleep and eating disorders.
* Physical ailments, fatigue, lack of energy.

## References

https://edelweisspublications.com/keyword/22/1760/Abandoned-Child-Syndrome

https://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/Abandoned\_child\_syndrome.html
Other Specified Tic Disorder

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Other Specified Tic Disorder (OSTD)** is a DSM-5 diagnosis assigned to individuals who are experiencing symptoms of a tic disorder, which cause distress or impairs vital areas of functioning. The OSTD diagnosis is used when the symptoms do not meet the complete diagnostic criteria for another type of tic disorder, or when the clinician chooses to specify the reason the diagnostic criteria are unmet.

This could also be used in cases if an individual first notices tics after the age of 18.

## References

https://www.theravive.com/therapedia/other-specified-tic-disorder-dsm--5-307.20-(f95.9)

https://psychbite.com/mental-disorders/neurodevelopmental-disorders/motor-disorders/other-specified-tic-disorder/
Social Communication Disorder

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Social Communication Disorder (SCD)**, also called **Social Pragmatic Communication Disorder (SPCD)**, is a condition that makes it hard to talk to other individuals. It's not a problem with speech. It's also not a problem with the mechanics of language. SCD impacts a specific area of language called pragmatics, this is the use of language in social interaction. Individuals with SCD have trouble following the "rules" of spoken communication.

## Signs & Symptoms

The signs of SCD show up in early childhood, having early symptoms is one of the criteria for diagnosis. Specific behaviors affected by SCD depend on the individual's age, the expected age of development, and the communication context.

Some signs of SCD at any age are:

* Doesn't understand sarcasm; is overly literal.
* Doesn't give background information when talking to unfamiliar individuals.
* Has trouble understanding things that are implied but not stated.
* Has trouble picking up on social cues like facial expressions.
* Doesn't use appropriate greetings.

## Causes

The causes of SCD as a primary diagnosis are unknown. SCD is often defined in terms of the specific conditions with which it is associated, as SPCD is often co-morbid with other forms of neurodivergence, such as intellectual disabilities, language disorder, aphasia, dementia, autism, or ADHD.

## References

1. https://www.understood.org/en/articles/understanding-social-communication-disorder
2. https://www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/Psychiatrists/Practice/DSM/APA\_DSM-5-Social-Communication-Disorder.pdf
Palilalia

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Palilalia** is a speech disorder characterized by compulsive repetitions of utterances, meaning one repeats syllables, words or phrases, whether they're their own or other's. This disorder usually affects children, but can last into adulthood.

## Causes

One of the reasons why palilalia is triggered may be that, in essence, imitative behavior is a common and adaptive response in children, since they use it to learn and internalize certain data or information in general. But it is frequent that this behavior disappears over time.

It has been documented that there is a genetic vulnerability to disorders such as palilalia. This vulnerability means that there is predisposition to develop this disorder, but it is not a single cause.

Factors, such as stress, anxiety, boredom, frustration, developmental disorders, perinatal disorders, etc. may also play a role.

It has also been postulated that there are some physiological factors that can be associated with palilalia, such as excess dopamine.

In addition, there is a common factor in most of those affected by palilalia, and that is that they have a premonitory sensation before repeating the syllable, word or phrase, and this same sensation works as an unpleasant stimuli, so when the word is repeated, the individual experiences a relief, constituting a reinforcement of the behavior.

## References

https://virtualpsychcentre.com/palilalia-symptoms-causes-and-treatment/

Benke T, Butterworth B. Palilalia and repetitive speech: two case studies. Brain Lang. 2001 Jul;78(1):62-81. doi: 10.1006/brln.2000.2445. PMID: 11412016.
Infantile Amnesia

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Infantile Amnesia** is the inability in adults to remember early memories related to childhood. It's been suggested that infantile amnesia could be due to underdevelopment of the infant brain or early-life events, such as neglect or aversive experiences.

## References

Alberini CM, Travaglia A. Infantile Amnesia: A Critical Period of Learning to Learn and Remember. J Neurosci. 2017 Jun 14;37(24):5783-5795. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0324-17.2017. PMID: 28615475; PMCID: PMC5473198.
Musical Note-Taste

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Musical Note-Taste**, also called **Tone-Taste** or **Chord-Taste**, is a subtype of auditory-gustatory synesthesia. It is when one perceives different tastes in response to different tastes in response to different notes on a musical scale, but others may receive taste perceptions from chords instead of individual notes, or one may experience taste sensations from both chords and individual notes.

## References

https://www.thesynesthesiatree.com/2021/02/tone-taste-chord-taste.html
Other Specified Depressive Disorder

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Other Specified Depressive Disorder**, or **Depressive Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (DD-NOS)**, is a category of DSM-5 diagnoses that applies to individuals who have symptoms characteristic of a depressive disorder, but do not meet the full diagnostic criteria for any of them. The other specified depressive disorder category is used in situations in which the clinician chooses to communicate the specific reason that the presentation does not meet the criteria for any specific depressive disorder.

## Diagnostic Criteria

The diagnostic criteria for the other specified designation include the following:

* Recurrent brief depression, presence of depressed mood at least four other symptoms of depression for 2-13 days at least once a month for at least 12 consecutive months.
* Short-duration depressive disorder, 4-13 days.
* Depressive episode with insufficient symptoms.

## References

http://vcoy.virginia.gov/documents/collection/015%20Depressive%20disorders%20final3.pdf

https://www.psychdb.com/mood/z-other-depressive

http://seniorcarepsychological.com/other-specified-depressive-disorder-symptoms-and-related-dsm-5-diagnosis/

https://www.mind-diagnostics.org/blog/depression/what-is-depression-nos-about-depressive-disorder-not-otherwise-specified
Minh sử

**Minh sử** (chữ Hán: 明史) là một sách lịch sử theo thể kỷ truyện trong 24 sách lịch sử Trung Quốc (Nhị thập tứ sử) do Trương Đình Ngọc thời Thanh viết và biên soạn, công việc biên soạn trải qua một thời gian lâu dài bắt đầu từ năm Thuận Trị nguyên niên (năm 1645) tới năm Càn Long thứ 4 (năm 1739) thì hoàn thành, phần lớn việc biên soạn được thực hiện dưới thời Khang Hy.

Tổng cộng có 332 quyển, bao gồm Bản kỷ 24 quyển, Liệt truyện 220 quyển, Biểu 13 quyển, Chí 75 quyển, cộng thêm 4 quyển Mục lục, sách ghi chép lịch sử hưng thịnh và suy vong của nhà Minh, bắt đầu từ khi Minh Thái Tổ Chu Nguyên Chương kiến lập nhà Minh năm 1368 đến khi Sùng Trinh đế tự sát năm 1644.

Link : https://www.xuges.com/ls/mingshi/index.htm

Link Bách thoại :https://www.xuges.com/ls/mingshi9/index.htm

## Bản kỉ

gồm 24 quyển gộp lại thành 16 quyển

* Minh Thái Tổ Bản kỷ
* Cung Mẫn đế Bản kỷ
* Minh Thành Tổ Bản kỷ
* Minh Nhân Tông Bản kỷ
* Minh Tuyên Tông Bản kỷ
* Minh Anh Tông Tiền hậu Bản kỷ
* Minh Cảnh Đế Bản kỷ
* Minh Hiến Tông Bản kỷ
* Minh Hiếu Tông Bản kỷ
* Minh Vũ Tông Bản kỷ
* Minh Thế Tông Bản kỷ
* Minh Mục Tông Bản kỷ
* Minh Thần Tông Bản kỷ
* Minh Quang Tông Bản kỷ
* Minh Hi Tông Bản kỷ
* Trang Liệt đế Bản kỷ

## Chí

* Minh Sử Thiên Văn Chí
* Minh Sử Ngũ Hành Chí
* Minh Sử Địa Lý Chí
* Minh Sử Lịch Chí
* Minh Sử Lễ Chí
* Minh Sử Chức Quan Chí
* Minh Sử Nghi Vệ Chí
* Minh Sử Binh Chí
* Minh Sử Nhạc Chí
* Minh Sử Lịch Chí
* Minh Sử Lịch Chí

## Liệt truyện

* Minh Sử Hậu phi truyện
* Minh Sử Hoàng Đế Truy Phong Truyện
* Minh Sử Chư Vương Truyện
* Minh Sử Công Chúa Truyện
* Minh Sử Nhân Vật Truyện Tập 1
* Minh Sử Nhân Vật Truyện Tập 2
* Minh Sử Nhân Vật Truyện Tập 3
* Minh Sử Nhân Vật Truyện Tập 4
* Minh Sử Nhân Vật Truyện Tập 5
* Minh Sử Nhân Vật Truyện Tập 6
* Minh Sử Nhân Vật Truyện Tập 7
* Minh Sử Nhân Vật Truyện Tập 8
* Minh Sử Nhân Vật Truyện Tập 9
* Minh Sử Nhân Vật Truyện Tập 10
* Minh Sử Nhân Vật Truyện Tập 11
* Minh Sử Nhân Vật Truyện Tập 12
* Minh Sử Nhân Vật Truyện Tập 13
* Minh Sử Nhân Vật Truyện Tập 14
* Minh Sử Nhân Vật Truyện Tập 15
* Minh Sử Nhân Vật Truyện Tập 16
* Minh Sử Nhân Vật Truyện Tập 17
* Minh Sử Nịnh Hãnh Truyện
* Minh Sử Phương Kỹ Truyện
* Minh Sử Nho Lâm Truyện
* Minh Sử Văn Uyển Truyện
* Minh Sử Tuần Lại Truyện
* Minh Sử Gian Thần Truyện
* Minh Sử Liệt Nữ Truyện
* Minh Sử Lưu Tặc Truyện
* Minh Sử Triều Tiên Truyện
* Minh Sử Nhật Bản Truyện
* Minh Sử An Nam Truyện
* Minh Sử Lưu Cầu Truyện
* Minh Sử Lã Tống Truyện
* Minh Sử Hiệp Miêu Lý Truyện
* Minh Sử Hoạn Quan Truyện
* Minh Sử Mỹ Lạc Cư Truyện
* Minh Sử Sa Dao Truyện
* Minh Sử Nột Tất Than Truyện
* Minh Sử Kê Lung Truyện
* , Bà La, Ma Diệp Úng, Cổ Ma Thứ Lãng, Phùng Gia Thi Nan, Văn Lang Mã Thần
* Chiêm Thành, Tân Đồng Long, Chân Lạp, Xiêm La, Trảo Oa, Đồ Bà, Tô Cát Đan, Điệp Lý, Nhật La Hạ Trị, Tam Phật Tề
Song-Color

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Song-Color**, also known as **Musical Genre-Color** is a subtype of auditory-visual synesthesia in which one receives their color impressions from individual sounds, notes/chords or timbre of instruments, but it can also be triggered by a much wider and more general musical concept.

The inducer can be a whole song, track or piece of music, an album, the entire works of a composer or repertoire of a musician, or a musical genre. It is considered a type of chromesthesia.

The perceptions tends to be one single color, or two at the most. When two colors are perceived they are normally in some kind of pattern. While the individual is listening to a song, it might start off as one color and then transform into another, from the verses to the chorus.

The same song, musical genre, singer, etc. always triggers the same color or combination of colors.

## Key Signature-Color Synesthesia

Key Signature-Color Synesthesia manifests in the form of a single color per song or piece of music.

## References

https://www.thesynesthesiatree.com/2021/03/song-colour-musical-genre-colour.html
Mathematical Synesthesia

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Mathematical Synesthesia** is the highly detailed visualization of actual mathematical concepts that is extremely rare and tends to be acquired, may be a result of brain injury. As an umbrella term, mathematical synesthesias are number-related types of synesthesia.

## Types of Mathematical Synesthesias

### Number Form Synesthesia

Number Form Synesthesia consists of perceiving numbers as having specific and consistent spatial positions.

### Grapheme-Color Synesthesia

When grapheme-color synesthesia involves numbers, it can be considered a mathematical synesthesia.

### Number Personification Synesthesia

Number Personification Synesthesia is when individuals perceive each number has having a well-defined personality.

## References

https://www.thesynesthesiatree.com/2021/03/mathematical-synesthesias.html
Provisional Tic Disorder

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Provisional Tic Disorder (PTD)**, previously known as **Transient Tic Disorder**, is a motor disorder in which the individual experiences seemingly involuntary motor and/or verbal tics for under one year.

## Signs & Symptoms

To be diagnosed with provisional tic disorder, one must have at least one motor or vocal tic that has been present for less than a year. The behavior also must have emerged before the age of 18 and not be attributed to another medical condition.

Tics can be either simple or complex. Simple motor tics are quick and can include:

* Eye blinking.
* Facial grimaces.
* Shoulder shrugging.
* Repetitive touching.
* Straightening of the arms or legs.

Simple vocal tics include:

* Throat clearing.
* Sniffling.
* Grunting.

Complex tics often involve a combination of simple tics. They tend to last for a longer period. Tics can worsen when the individual is anxious, excited, or exhausted. Similarly, they may diminish when the individual is calm and focused on a particular activity.

## References

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/conditions/provisional-tic-disorder

Black KJ, Black ER, Greene DJ, Schlaggar BL. Provisional Tic Disorder: What to tell parents when their child first starts ticcing. F1000Res. 2016 Apr 18;5:696. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.8428.1. PMID: 27158458; PMCID: PMC4850871.
Eating Disorders

Body ImageThe following page includes discussions of body image, including starving oneself, binging and purging, exaggerated self-analysis, and body dysphoria. If you are uncomfortable or get triggered by this topic, it is recommended to not read this page.

**Eating Disorders (EDs)** are conditions in which an individual has eating/weight issues due to distressing thoughts/feelings, compulsions, and/or bodily issues. This could cause overeating, under-eating or starvation, over-exercising, excessive vomiting, and/or eating inedible objects. Many eating disorders form from trauma and/or stress/pressure; however, they may be formed for other reasons as well and may be tied to other disorders.

## Types of Eating Disorders

### Anorexia Nervosa/Anorexia

Anorexia is an eating disorder in which the individual restricts how much food they are consuming to try to lose weight, as they have extremely distorted/poor body image issues. Many with anorexia see themselves as overweight, when in reality they are often underweight.

### Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)

ARFID is an eating disorder in which the individual only eats overly specific foods. This could be due to texture, appearance, smell, and/or taste of foods, and can be due to having another form of neurodivergence that makes them more 'picky'. This disorder is not based on having a negative body image.

### Binge Eating Disorder (BED)

BED is an eating disorder characterized by episodes of intense binge eating that ends up with negative social and psychological results, such as shame, guilt, and similar emotions.

### Bulimia Nervosa/Bulimia

Bulimia is an eating disorder in which the individual has episodes of binge eating, followed by forcefully vomiting the food consumed, sometimes vomiting more than necessary.

### Pica

Pica is an eating disorder in which the individual has the appetite/desire to consume non-nutritional objects. Often times, these objects being consumed are toxic, dangerous, and/or indigestible.

### Other Specified Feeding/Eating Disorder (OSFED)

An OSFED is when one closely fits an eating disorder but does not fit the full diagnostic requirements. They may be considered "close enough" to a condition to be diagnosed with it. This includes atypical anorexia, atypical bulimia, atypical BED, Purging Disorder, and Night Eating Syndrome.

### Unspecified Feeding/Eating Disorder (UFED)

An UFED is when one shows symptoms of an eating disorder but does not fit any subset enough to be diagnosed with a specific form.

## Non-ND Eating Disorders

Rumination Syndrome also falls under the eating disorder category; however, it is based on bodily functions rather than neurodivergence, and is better defined as a physical disability.

## References

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anorexia-nervosa/symptoms-causes/syc-20353591

https://centerfordiscovery.com/conditions/arfid/

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/binge-eating-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20353627

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bulimia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353615

https://www.healthline.com/health/pica
Sensory Over-Responsivity

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Sensory Over-Responsivity (SOR)** is a type of SMD characterized by responses to sensory stimuli that are faster, longer, or more intense than what would be expected with typical sensory responsivity. The nervous system goes into fight-or-flight mode even when no real danger exists.

## Signs & Symptoms

Common behavior when over-responsive include:

* As infants: fussy, startled easily, delayed motor skills, doesn't like to be held.
* Picky eating habits.
* In regards to clothing: doesn't like tags or certain fabrics.
* Dislikes washing hair, combing hair, brushing teeth.
* Overwhelmed in crowds and noisy environments.
* As adults: Irritable, moody, bothered by sounds others can "tune-out", may still dislike touch, bothered by lighting (especially florescent), stays away from "busy environments," may prefer to be alone.

## References

https://sinetwork.org/subtype-1-sensory-modulation-disorder/

https://sensationalbrain.com/fundamentals/sensory-modulation-disorder-education-and-intervention/

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnint.2010.00008/full
Musical Ear Syndrome

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Musical Ear Syndrome (MES)** is a condition that causes musical auditory hallucinations, usually related to hearing impairment. MES is suggested to be a variant of Charles Bonnet syndrome. Some individuals may experience it as a melody played on a single instrument, or it could be a complex song with lots of instruments or parts. It could be a favorite song or the sound of someone practicing scales. Most of the time, musical ear syndrome will be heard through common songs the individuals regularly listens to willingly or not.

## Causes

While the mechanics behind MES are not very well understood, there are still some causes that have been identified.

### Hearing Loss

Absent other hallucinatory or cognitive symptoms, hearing music that isn't there is likely due to hearing loss. But the cause can't always be determined, It's possible for MES to exist alongside other conditions, such as dementia.

### Cochlear Implant

There have been cases in which cochlear implantation or removal has triggered MES. The link between cochlear implants and MES has not been well studied, so information is limited.

### Medications

Certain medications can cause hallucinations, including auditory hallucinations. This is more likely to involve hearing voices or noises. It is rare for medications to cause MES, but it still may be likely.

## References

https://www.healthline.com/health/musical-ear-syndrome

Çakmak MA, Şahin Ş, Çinar N, Karşidağ S. Frequently Seen But Rarely Diagnosed: Musical Ear Syndrome. Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2016 Mar;53(1):91. doi: 10.5152/npa.2015.8815. Epub 2016 Mar 1. PMID: 28360776; PMCID: PMC5353248.

https://myhearingcenters.com/blog/what-is-musical-ear-syndrome/
Pronondysphoria

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Pronondysphoria**, also known as **Pronoun Dysphoria**, is a type of dysphoria and may be a more specific subset of gender dysphoria and social dysphoria. It is the distress caused from a disconnect between one's preferred pronouns and the pronouns that are used on the individual.

## References

https://www.britannica.com/science/gender-dysphoria
Broca's Aphasia

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Broca's Aphasia**, also known as **Non-Fluent Aphasia** or **Expressive Aphasia**, is a form of aphasia in which the individual knows that they want to say, but is unable to produce the words or sentence. Individuals with this type of aphasia may be able to read, but be limited in writing. They may understand speech when grammatical structure of the spoken language is simple; however, they may have a harder time understanding sentence structure with more complex grammatical structure.

## Signs & Symptoms

Individuals with Broca's aphasia may be able to comprehend what is being said but be unable to speak fluently.

Symptoms of Broca's aphasia include:

* Poor or absent grammar.
* Difficulty forming complete sentences.
* Omitting certain words, such as "the", "an", "and", and "is".
* More difficulty using verbs than nouns correctly.
* Difficulty articulating sounds and words.
* Difficulty repeating what has been said by others.
* Trouble with writing sentences.
* Difficulty reading.
* Problems with full comprehension.
* Difficulty following directions.
* Frustration.

## Causes

Broca's aphasia results from damage to a part of the brain called the Broca's area, which is located in the frontal lobe, usually the left side.

Damage can include:

* Stroke.
* Brain tumor.
* Injury to the brain, such as from a severe blow to the head or gunshot wound.
* Infections in the brain.
* Progressive neurological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease.

## Treatment

Broca's aphasia requires treatment with speech therapy. It's not expected to improve on its own. Some therapy strategies include listening to a recording of oneself speaking, repeating and rehearsing phrases, and reading out loud.

In addition to speech therapy, one will likely also need treatment for the cause of the aphasia.

## References

https://www.healthline.com/health/brocas-aphasia

https://www.aphasia.org/aphasia-resources/brocas-aphasia/

https://www.aphasia.com/aphasia-resource-library/aphasia-types/brocas/

https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-brocas-aphasia-3146120
Lip Bite Keratosis

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Lip Biting**, also called **Lip Bite Keratosis**, is classified as a body-focused repetitive behavior. Biting one's lip from time to time isn't a problem, but some individuals are unable to control this habit.

Lip biting is not specifically referred to in the DSM-5, chronic lip biting falls under other specified obsessive-compulsive and related disorder, specifically under BFRB.

## Signs & Symptoms

Some individuals may not have any side effects from compulsive lip biting, but some may experience certain complications, including:

* Painful sores on the lips
* Inflammation or swollen lips
* Lip redness

## Causes

There are many physical and psychological causes for someone to bite their lips.

Physical causes of lips biting include:

* Teeth alignment issues, also known as malocclusion
* Temporomandibular disorder, or TMD, which affects the chewing muscles

Usually, dental professionals are involved to treat these conditions and it's not typically a BFRB when the cause of lip biting is a physical condition.

The main psychological causes are those associated with BFRBs, such as stress and anxiety.

## References

https://habitaware.com/blogs/habitaware-blog/overcoming-compulsive-lip-biting

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322093

https://www.healthline.com/health/lip-biting