recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Austria

## Austrian Empire

**Minister-President:**
Adolf Schärf (1960–)

**Austria**, officially the **Austrian Empire**, is a province of Austria-Hungary. The empire was first proclaimed in 1804, in response to the First French Empire, it partially overlapped with the Holy Roman Empire until the latter's dissolution in 1806. The Kingdom of Hungary - as Regnum Independens - was administered by its own institutions separately from the rest of the empire. After Austria was defeated in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 was adopted, joining the Kingdom of Hungary and the Empire of Austria to form Austria-Hungary.

Then Austria in its current form was formed in 1921 after the passing of the Province Diploma, which organized its own government into multiple states akin to the system of Germany's, in which each state has a different head of state, but the Habsburgs would remain as the dominant power. As a result, the current monarchy of Austria is Otto I of Austria-Hungary, who has been serving as Emperor since 1947.
行星状星云

行星状星云是宇宙中单独存在的一些孤立小星云，因形状对称且大部分都呈圆球形、直径小而亮的特性，形似暗淡的行星而得名。

这些星云起源于一颗正在死亡的恒星——恒星在经过稳定发光的主序星阶段后，为了维持下一阶段的核反应，内部继续坍缩、外围逐渐膨胀而成为一颗红巨星（50亿年后的太阳将会如此）。红巨星内部的燃料反应完之后，如果它的质量不够大，就无法继续收缩，核反应停止。此时的核心质量变小，无法束缚住红巨星时代的外围气壳，只能静等逐渐冷却，最后消亡，就成为了一颗白矮星。白矮星丢失的气壳继续膨胀就成为了行星状星云。

所以，一个行星状星云当中的元素含量，和它在红巨星时代的元素相似：重元素（碳、氧）的含量高，轻元素（氢）的含量少。对于大多数行星状星云，使用一片能够鉴别氧元素的OIII滤镜，能够有效提高星云的对比度。

行星状星云由单一恒星产生，它的实际直径相对较小，一般在1光年以内。除了少数距离太阳近、个头较大的行星状星云（M27，NGC7293）以外，大部分行星状星云需要使用很高的倍数进行观测。行星状星云内部的白矮星亮度非常低，不到星云的1/100（暗5等甚至更多），通过拍摄的方式将会比直接目视更加容易侦测到。

行星状星云的昵称主要可以在Stellarium中查看，而一些业余观察家也创造了自己的命名。

1. ↑ https://www.cedar-astronomers.org/files/Documents/Member%20Contributions/PN\_Nicknames.doc
Henry I of Poland

**Albert William Henry** (14 August 1862 – 20 April 1929), better known as **Henry I**, was the first King of Poland from 1919 until his death in 1929. He was a younger brother of German Emperor William II and also a Prince of Prussia. He was also a grandson of Queen Victoria. A career naval officer, he held various commands in the Imperial German Navy and eventually rose to the rank of Grand Admiral and Generalinspekteur der Marine.
Second Russian Civil War

The **Second Russian Civil War** was a multi-party war fought between 1921 and 1924, with the division of Russia between the Russian Republic and the Second Tsardom of Russia. It was caused by a conflicting division of the White Army after the defeat of the Russian SFSR in the First Russian Civil War (1917-1920).
Austria-Hungary

**Prime Minister:**
Adolf Schärf (1960–)

**Austria-Hungary** (German: *Österreich-Ungarn*; Hungarian: *Ausztria-Magyarország*), officially the **United States of Austria-Hungary** (German: *Vereinigte Staaten von Österreich-Ungarn*; Hungarian: *Osztrák-Magyarország Egyesült Államok*) since 1921, is a sovereign country located in Central Europe. It consists of nine provinces, Austria being the most important province. Austria-Hungary is bordered by Germany to the northwest, Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. It is a constitutional monarchy, with the current Emperor being Charles I, who has reigned since 1916.

The Empire initially emerged as a margraviate around 976 and developed into a duchy and archduchy. In the 16th century, Austria started serving as the heart of the Habsburg Monarchy and the junior branch of the House of Habsburg – one of the most influential royal dynasties in history. As an archduchy, it was a major component and administrative centre of the Holy Roman Empire. Early in the 19th century, Austria established its own empire, which became a great power and the leading force of the German Confederation, but pursued its own course independently of the other German states following its defeat in the Austro-Prussian War in 1866. In 1867, in compromise with Hungary, the Austria-Hungary Dual Monarchy was established.

Austria-Hungary was involved in the Great War under Emperor Franz Joseph following the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, the presumptive successor to the Austro-Hungarian throne. Despite the Empire's victory, its weakness was revealed, since it depended on Germany and the more powerful nations to secure victories. As a result, Charles I decided to write a new constitution. It was adopted in July 1921, dividing the country into ten states: Austria, Hungary, Bohemia, Slovakia, Croatia-Slavonia, Bosnia, Serbia, Transylvania, Lombardy–Venetia and Galicia. It has a system similar to the United States, with each state having its own local government and have semi-autonomy.
观测规划

明确有什么目标可以看，按照大致什么样的次序开展观测。

根据笔者对 deepsky-archive 记录的统计，熟练的观测者使用的望远镜口径与观测的星系星等关系如下：

* 150mm以下的望远镜：基本都集中在12等星系以下，并且暗星系基本都要超过6.5等环境。
* 200-255mm的望远镜：中牛在6等以上环境12等以下星系就没什么困难了，但是在6-6.5等环境下对12等以上的星系还不一定看的舒服。
* 270-370mm的望远镜：超过6等环境，大牛基本应对12等以上14等以下的星系没有什么困难了，观测也比较舒适
* 400mm以上的望远镜：如此巨炮，一定要在超过6等的环境里好好观赏12-14等的星系。

结论：

* 几乎没有城市深空的样例，要达到舒适的程度起码要在超过5等的郊区。
* 6-7等为主要的观测环境
* 虽然也有100口径的超过12等的深空记录，但是8寸起步达到14等就没有什么困难了，基本也可以全揽上述星系。
* 环境对深空星等记录影响较大，排除观测者个人水平影响，5等环境11等星系，超过6等环境基本可以触碰14等星系。

关于天体可见度可详细查看观测光学。

天体星表对爱好者会观测到什么有很大影响，特别是梅西耶天体表和NGC/IC天体表，因为这些天体最严谨的编号前缀就是使用它们的表名。因此很多新人都觉得自己应该先看完梅西耶，然后再看科德韦尔天体，接下来的进阶者则瞄准赫歇尔400，还有杰克本内特等等，到一些顶级观察家对NGC/IC天体表进行系统性的调查。另外一个维度是侧重看一些有被人熟知名字的天体，例如火焰星云、雷神头盔。从选择的角度来讲，两者都有优缺点。梅西耶天体是很容易观测，但是局限北天，忽略了很多同级别天体，而后者的科德韦尔天体等一些星表的观测难度的跨度极大，而且也存在不能完全收录明亮有趣天体的问题，为了凑出110个天体而挑选（为什么说是110个因为C14其实是两个天体）。

深空天体的昵称对爱好者选择的影响更大。一个有趣的昵称比枯燥的星表编号更能让人记住这个天体。但昵称也不是公平的，或许其能保证很大的有趣性，但是对于很多明亮但没有历史昵称的天体如球状星团来说是不公平的。对于想要系统性巡天的爱好者来说，应该不仅仅考虑天体的昵称。

从笔者的观测经验来看，一般爱好者接触的天体一般在两三百（一般是梅西耶天体和大部分科德维尔天体，再加上一些明亮有趣的天体），若考虑所有有趣的天体会有五百左右，要进一步巡天式观测的话是700起步，而超过1000已经算是专业级别了。在这一点上，共13226个天体的NGC/IC目录算得上是超饱和的。

The Astronomical League 提供了一些很好的参考列表。

### 天体分类讨论

首先是球状星团，笔者推荐尽量把能看的都看了（9等以内），因为银河系不过才150多个球团，而且每一个都是很漂亮的珍宝型天体，要注意的是其松散度指标（如5897和5466等松散度超过10，有一定观测难度）。

行星状星云，因为大多视面小，也是很容易的天体，因此可以把所有有昵称的PN都看了（一般12等以内的都不难），视面大的NGC行星状星云很多也是比较容易的（如螺旋星云、头骨星云、月魂）。

疏散星团具有Mel编号的都不错，其中较亮的疏散星团（6等以内）十分容易观测，超过9等的就不怎么容易了（唯一一个例外是M24里面的NGC6603，呈现云雾状）；另外一个考察标准是特朗普勒分类法，注意第三个指标星数，一般m和r的才好看。在NGC/IC之外的疏散星团，除了众所周知的昴星团和毕星团之外，我只推荐肌肉男星团Stock 2和威尔克星团Mel71。

星系，首选10等以内的观测，同时要注意面亮度，一般面亮度<12.99mag/sec^2的都比较容易检测，因此一部分超过10等甚至11等的星系，面亮度12的可能容易看到。面亮度特别暗的星系很考验环境，如巴纳德星系面亮度超过14，但是不妨碍我们将其列入观测列表中。

最后是重头戏的星云。一般而言，北天容易观测的大多是M天体，一些非M天体但有昵称的可能会相对容易，南天则很多亮星云也会有一些响当当的昵称，如骷髅头、海山二、雷神头盔等。星云其实不算多，重要的星云都可以在Harrington 250+中找到。另外说一个预估星云亮度的方法：在stellarium中打开dss图像，如下，一般泛白的区域都是积累了相当多的光量，说明其是容易观测的。

在以上的常规天体之外，还可以计划观测暗星云、漂亮的双星和碳星，以及一个非常规的类星体3C273。

暗星云一般挑选有名气有昵称的观测：

1. 金牛座暗星云B22
2. 马头B33
3. 跃马/烟斗B78等
4. 墨汁/赫歇尔的天堂之孔B86
5. 鹦鹉头B87
6. M24中的B92,93
7. 巴纳德E星云B142
8. 北煤袋B348

双星， 可以选择接近分解极限的较亮双星、有颜色对比的双星（例如辇道增七等），或者是极其明亮的双星（南门二、天狼）。

碳星观测一般推荐观测几颗特别亮或者特别红的，例如欣德深红星R Lep，或者有颜色对比的对星。鉴于碳星较多但不是观测重点，更多请查阅碳星。

### 用好星图软件

真的有必要提前列出一个清单吗？摆脱了入门阶段的爱好者一般可以记住很多有意思的天体，观测时只需要使用星图软件、直接从星图中挑选就可以了。现在的星图软件已经可以很好地优先显示著名的天体，那我们只需要平时多阅读一些别的优秀观测者的观测记录，做到对大部分经常出镜的天体有了解即可。

如果我们能对星图软件实现定制也可以实现高效率地观测，例如自己在Sky Safari或者Stellarium中导入自己的计划清单，在现场只需要大致依据当地天气、天体的实时高度情况、自己的喜欢来决定观测顺序就好了。甚至还可以省略掉如何区分已观测和未观测目标的行动，因为有一定经验的观测者一般都能记住已经观测过的天体，较少发生重复观测的情况。

### 观测预案

在观测前，利用Stellarium等软件对观测天区进行子划分，模拟以亮星作为“港口”，对邻近的观测目标进行遍历。偶尔遇到距离亮星都比较远的目标，规划多条星跳路线。

参考博文：我的20×80双筒的观星旅程

1. ↑ https://github.com/ultrapre/blog/blob/master/Drafts/%E5%8F%91%E7%83%A7%E7%BA%A7%E6%B7%B1%E7%A9%BA%E7%9B%AE%E8%A7%86%E4%B8%8E%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9.md
German colonial empire

The **German colonial empire**, also known as the **Deutsches Kolonialreich**, constituates the overseas colonies, dependencies and territories of Germany. The beginning of the colonial empire can be dated back to the 1880s, during the Scramble for Africa. As of 1964, the German colonial empire is the most powerful empire in the world, taking the spot of the British Empire.
土星

太阳系八大行星之一。

土星于冲日时的平均亮度只有约0.5等，不如木星那般闪耀，颜色比木星更白一些，但将它从星海中区分出来依旧不难。

土星的光环是与其他星球最显著的区分特征，这也是很多人喜欢土星的原因之一。算上光环大小以后的土星，大小和木星旗鼓相当。

冷知识：目视可见土星光环的外围(A环)直径为38万公里，这和地月平均距离恰好相等，且刚好可以塞的下包括冥王星在内9颗星球，让人不得不感慨大自然的神秘之处。

土星在古代被称为镇星，公转周期约30年。这意味着30年间共29次冲日，每两次冲日的间隔为1年12天，也即下一年的冲日会比当年推迟12天。

至2021年，土星正处于黄道最南点附近，还需要很多年才能运行至北方，导致土星冲日时高度较低。建议搭配大气消色差镜（ADC）减小低空观测的不利影响。

由于土星赤道与地球的夹角不断发生变化，且土星没有木星那般强大的引力，土卫们的排列比较散乱，整体亮度偏低。比较容易看见的四颗：土卫六泰坦（～9等）、土卫五瑞亚（～10.5等）、土卫三特提斯（～11等）、土卫四狄奥妮（～11等）。它们在一台6英寸望远镜中可以较为轻松看见；对于4寸以下的镜子，除土卫六外都存在一定难度。

土星的大气和木星类似，也是一条条分层的云带。不同的是，木星云带主要由白色和棕黄色两种组成，而土星的云带是五颜六色的，红黄蓝一道一道排列，无愧于它“奶油糖”的外号。土星的自转速度也很快，但是云带中缺少大红斑等用于定位的细节，使得目视很难直观察觉到土星在自转。

在土星云带的最上方，也就是土星的北极，有一团模糊不清的黑色区域。卡西尼号探测器发现那是一个正六边形的巨大风暴，具体形成原因尚不得知。截止目前，笔者使用10英寸望远镜并不能识别出六边形，有16寸以上镜子的同好可以勇敢尝试去观测。

土星环

土星环位于土星的洛希极限以内，进入这个范围的小天体会被土星引力撕碎成无数冰岩碎片，然后整齐划一地排列在土星的赤道面上，光环也因此而来。相比于数十万公里的直径，光环的厚度只有1至10千米，如同纸一样的薄。在土星恰好侧对地球的几个月，光环就会消失不见，然后又重新出现。光环可以遮挡住土星本体、或者被土星的影子所覆盖，在一次冲日过程中，土星光环上的阴影会自东向西运动，可以藉此来判断阳光照射土星的方向角。

了解土星环的结构，有助于我们在观测时更容易察觉环的细节。目视可见的土星环由内向外依次是：土星大气外边缘、空隙、C环（半透明）、B环（明亮）、卡西尼环缝（空隙）、A环内侧（较暗）、恩克环缝（空隙）、A环外侧（较暗）。下面分别对其简要说明：

A环和B环是土星环的主要组成部分，B环的亮度比A环更高，这两个细节在小望远镜低倍下即可识别。

在A环和B环的中间，被一道卡西尼环缝隔开，环缝将环切成了两个同心圆。一般情况下4英寸望远镜放大至150x开始可见卡西尼缝，AB两环之前开始隐约有黑色缝隙。6英寸望远镜、240x可以将一整圈环缝都定格保持下来，形成永久可见的状态。卡西尼缝的可见情况是评价一套望远镜组合高倍观测能力的重要指标，同时也受到天气的极大程度影响，良好天气下的一整圈环缝到了坏天气中可能就消失不见了。

位于B环内侧的C环，又称黑纱环，它如半透明面纱一般包裹住土星的一部分，故得此名。黑纱环是少有的依赖大气透明度而不依赖视宁度的行星观测项目，城市里糟糕的透明度对观测黑纱环很不利，往往在野外观星的时候，顺便看一眼土星就能看见了。

最后是位于A环靠外侧的恩克缝，它比卡西尼缝还细，对望远镜解析力以及天气状况要求十分严苛。一般来说8寸及以下的望远镜几乎没有可能看到，需要12寸以上的镜子、400-500倍放大且不抖动，这样才有机会。
Republic of Britain

**Prime Minister:**
Emrys Hughes (1927–1928)

The **Republic of Britain**, simply **Republican Britain**, was a revolutionary country located in northern England. It was formed as a result of Ernest Thurtle and his supporters in the north declaring to be the successors of the United Kingdom as a republic, with the intention of fully taking over the isles. During its existence, it shared *de-jure* borders with the United Kingdom to the north-east, and shared overseas borders with Ireland to the west and France and Germany to the south-east.

It was formed as a result of the minor Revolution of Britain, which took place from 18 to 21 June 1927 and was also lead by Thurtle, although its origins date back to the ideas of republicanism in the United Kingdom that sprung up in the 1910s after the signing of the Treaty of Berlin on 27 January 1916.

## History

### Formation

Prior to 1927, there had been several attempts at setting up a republic. After the First Great War had ended in 1915, many people in Britain understood that a King couldn't hold his country together, and started rebelling against monarchy rule.
Kansas flu

**Kansas flu**, also known as the **Great Influenza epidemic** or the **1918 influenza pandemic**, was an exceptionally deadly global influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 influenza A virus. The earliest documented case was March 1918 in Kansas, United States, with further cases recorded in France, Germany and the United Kingdom in April. Two years later, nearly a third of the global population, or an estimated 500 million people, had been infected in four successive waves. Estimates of deaths range from 17 million to 50 million, and possibly as high as 100 million, making it one of the deadliest pandemics in human history.
Joseph Stalin

**Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin** (18 December 1878 – 25 May 1921) was a Georgian revolutionary who served as a general during the First Russian Civil War (1917–1920). Born to a poor family in Gori in the Russian Empire (now Transcaucasia), Stalin attended the Tbilisi Spiritual Seminary before eventually joining the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. He went on to edit the party's newspaper, *Pravda*, and raised funds for Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik faction via robberies, kidnappings and protection rackets. Repeatedly arrested, he underwent several internal exiles.

After the Bolsheviks seized power during the October Revolution and created a one-party state under the newly formed Communist Party in 1917, Stalin joined its governing Politburo. He then served as a general throughout the civil war, but when the Russian SFSR fell to the White Army in May 1920, he escaped to the Ukrainian State, while the other Russian Bolsheviks went off to form the Tuvan Soviet Socialist Republic. Eventually, he was discovered by German troops, deported back to Russia, where he was executed.
New Oceania

## Commonwealth of New Oceania

**Governor-General:**
William Morrison (1961–)

**Prime Minister:**
Robert Menzies (1961–)

**New Oceania**, officially the **Commonwealth of New Oceania**, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, numerous smaller islands, and the island of New Zealand. It was formed in 1961 as a result of the Unified Oceanian Act 1961, and is largest country by area in Oceania and the world's sixth-largest country.
IFN

你是否看过这样的仙女座大星系？星系边缘扬起弥漫的卷云，散布在星际空间中，就像是陀螺在沙地上自由的甩尾，飘起一阵迷蒙的沙尘。(图源 https://www.bbastrodesigns.com/Herschels%20Ghosts.html )

是的，这正是天文摄影很难捕捉到的宇宙幽灵——赫歇尔幽灵：IFN，也叫流量积分卷云。

然而，这种宇宙幽灵却能被肉眼所捕捉到——除了球状星团的秘密之外，IFN的观测是第二个目视爱好者所专享的宇宙秘密。

令人印象深刻的还有昴星团泡：

更多的赫歇尔幽灵对象可以在Herschel's Ghosts找到，作者还在Sky and Telescope第2017/4月刊上刊登了相关文章，并被《中国国家天文》翻译。

注：这种星际尘埃介质不仅在远红外波段可以看到，而且在可见光波段也可以看到。原作者使用的是6寸到18寸不等的口径来观测，最重点的还是他的观测环境够好。
German Emperor

The **Emperor of Germany** is the official title of the head of state and hereditary ruler of Germany. A specifically chosen term, it was introduced with the 1 January 1871 constitution. The Holy Roman Emperor is sometimes also called "German Emperor" when the historical context is clear, as derived from the Holy Roman Empire's official name of "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation" from 1512.
German Fatherland Party

The **German National People's Party** (German: *Deutschnationale Volkspartei*, **DNVP**) is a national-conservative party in Germany. As of 1964, it is the major conservative and nationalist party in Germany. It is an alliance of nationalists, reactionary monarchists, völkisch and antisemitic elements supported by the Pan-German League. Its purpose is to mobilize the political right in a broad catch-all movement (Sammlungsbewegung), reject the Burgfriedenspolitik or "party truce" policy which dominated the domestic political landscape at that time and promote maximum German war goals.
Russia

## Russian Democratic Federal RepublicРоссийская Демократическая Федеративная Республика

**Russia** (Russian: Россия), officially the **Russian Democratic Federal Republic** (Russian: Российская Демократическая Федеративная Республика), is a country located in Eurasia. It is the biggest country in the world, and the seventh-most populous. It is a presidential republic, although since 1936, Russia is a *de-facto* dictatorship lead by former general Anatoly Pepelyayev.

The current nation was created after the declaration of a republic in September 1917, after the collapse of the Russian Empire. It was dismissed in November 1917 after Vladimir Lenin replaced the government with his own Bolsheviks and set up the Russian SFSR, but it was later re-established as the internationally-recognised government of Russia after the White Army defeated the Red Army in the Russian Civil War. After the war, Alexander Kerensky and his successors lead the country to democratisation, although during the presidency of Viktor Pepelyayev, a coup was launched by Anatoly on 16 September 1936.

## History

### Establishment

After Nicholas II was forced to abdicate on 15 March 1917,
The Baby Swap

**"The Baby Swap"** is the seventh episode of the first season of *Jamont's Life*, and the seventh episode of the series overall. It was released on November 6, 2020 on Nickelodeon and Hulu.

## Plot

### Summary

Jamont, Cooper and Tatum agree to babysit for the Nelsons, Jamont's next door neighbors, and they end up swapping out their baby for another one at the park. Ivory and Alex go on their first date.

## Cast

* Jamont Williams as Jamont Mitchell
* Sofia Warren as Lola Carmichael
* Siena Agudong as Rachel Sun-Woo White (credited only)
* Seth Carr as Jason Mitchell
* Kel Mitchell as Ray Mitchell

Recurring* Cheyenne Jackson as Principal Rivers
* Kyla-Drew as Ivory Williams
* Brandon Spink as Cooper Riley
* Sterling Jerins as Tatum Riley
* Devon Weetly as Alex Walsh
* TBA as Mrs. Nelson
* TBA as Roland Nelson

## Trivia

* This is the third episode to have an absent main character.
* This episode filmed on August 1, 2019.
* This is the second and last episode to air out of production code order.
* This was the fourth episode of the season filmed before a live audience.
	+ "Jamont's Life was filmed under a live studio audience" has a different emphasis to the previous episode.
Second Spanish Republic

The **Spanish Republic**, commonly referred to as the **Second Spanish Republic**, was a country that existed from 1924 until the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1926. The Republic was proclaimed on 4 July 1924, after the death of Alfonso XIII's death, and was dissolved on 7 April 1932 after surrendering in the Spanish Civil War to the Dinerotists lead by José Sanjurjo.

After the proclamation of the Republic, a provisional government was established until December 1924, at which time the Constitution was approved. Once the constituent assembly had fulfilled its mandate of approving a new constitution, it inherently, by nature of being a parliament, would have arranged for regular parliamentary elections and adjourned. However, fearing the increasingly popular opposition, the Radical and Socialist majority postponed the regular elections, prolonging their power for two more years.
Treaty of Berlin

Ministers signing the Treaty on 28 June 1921

The **Treaty of Berlin**, also referred to as the was the most important of the peace treaties that formally brought the Great War on the Western Front to an end. The treaty ended the state of war between most of the Triple Entente and Germany. It was signed on 28 June 1921 in Berlin, exactly seven years after the assassination of Franz Ferdinand that had triggered the war in the first place.

The other Entente powers signed separate treaties with the other members of the Central Powers. Although the armistice signed on 9 October 1920 ended the actual fighting, it took six months of Central negotiations at the Congress of Vienna to conclude the peace treaty. The treaty was registered by the newly-formed Union of Nations on 12 December 1921.

The treaty required Britain and France to give up some of their colonies abroad, especially in Africa. This paved the way for the creation of Mittelafrika, which is a viceroyalty of the German colonial empire which is made up of all of Germany's colonies - the same system as New Spain operated back in the 18th century. Britain and France were also required to pay Germany reparations for the loss of life and economics. The territory of Germany's borders were expanded as France also had to give Germany some of its eastern territory.

## Terms of the Treaty

***The Treaty of Berlin (28 June 1921):***

1. *The United Kingdom has to give up some colonies abroad to Germany*
2. *The United Kingdom has to pay some war reparations for all the damages caused to civilians.*
3. *France is to give up some territory to Germany.*
4. *France has to pay some war reparations for all the damages caused.*

## Reactions

### Germany

People in Germany were mostly supportive for German expansionism, although some people criticized the government for being too harsh on the Entente.
Congress of Vienna (1920)

*Not to be confused with the Congress of Vienna from 1814-15.*

The **Congress of Vienna** (German: *Wiener Kongress*) was the diplomatic discussions between the Central Powers in Vienna to discuss the peace treaties for the main losing Allied powers of the Great War to sign. It took place between January and November 1920. During the conversations, there was a constant reminder that the United Kingdom would not be punished severely, compared to France.

During the meetings however, a dispute arose between the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria over the territory given from Greece. After a border conflict in mid-March, both countries refused to send diplomats to the conference. Eventually, the dispute was settled, with the territory being divided between the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, and the congress carried on through to its end.
Leon Trotsky

**Lev Davidovich Bronstein** (7 November 1879 – 19 September 1959), better known as **Leon Trotsky**, was a Ukrainian-Russian Marxist revolutionary, political theorist and politician who served as Chairman of Tuva from 1922 until his death in 1959. Ideologically a communist, he developed a variant of Marxism which has become known as Trotskyism.
1964 United States Presidential Election

The **1964 United States presidential election** will be the 45th quadrennial presidential election, scheduled on Tuesday, November 3, 1964. Republican John William Brown and Democratic Frank Lausche - who is currently the 39th President of the United States - have both confirmed that they will be running for President in the upcoming election.
Ukraine

## Kingdom of Ukraine

**Prime Minister of Ukraine:**
Borys Martos (1956–)

**Ukraine**, officially the **Kingdom of Ukraine** from 1921, formerly the **Ukrainian**, is a country and client state of Germany located within Europe. It was installed by German military authorities after the socialist-leaning Central Council of the Ukrainian People's Republic was dispersed on 28 April 1918. Ukraine turned into a provisional dictatorship of Hetman of Ukraine Pavlo Skoropadskyi, who outlawed all socialist-oriented political parties, creating an anti-Bolshevik front. It was then transformed into a kingdom in May 1921, ith Pavlo I of Ukraine becoming the first and so-far only King of Ukraine.
George V

**George V** (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936. Throughout his reign, he saw multiple things change in British society, such as the rise of republicanism and fascism, and he experienced five nation-changing wars throughout his reign - the First Great War, the Irish War of Independence, Third Anglo-Afghan War, the British Civil War and a big part of the Indian War of Independence. He is regarded by historians to be the "most problematic monarchy of the 20th century yet".

## Biography

### Early Life

George was born on 3 June 1865, in Marlborough House, London. He was the second son of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, and Alexandra, Princess of Wales. His father was the eldest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, and his mother was the eldest daughter of King Christian IX and Queen Louise of Denmark. He was baptised at Windsor Castle on 7 July 1865 by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Charles Longley.

As a younger son of the Prince of Wales, there was little expectation that George would become king. He was third in line to the throne, after his father and elder brother, Prince Albert Victor. George was only 17 months younger than Albert Victor, and the two princes were educated together. John Neale Dalton was appointed as their tutor in 1871. Neither Albert Victor nor George excelled intellectually. As their father thought that the navy was "the very best possible training for any boy", in September 1877, when George was 12 years old, both brothers joined the cadet training ship HMS *Britannia* at Dartmouth, Devon.

For three years from 1879, the royal brothers served on HMS *Bacchante*, accompanied by Dalton. They toured the colonies of the British Empire in the Caribbean, South Africa and Australia, and visited Norfolk, Virginia, as well as South America, the Mediterranean, Egypt, and East Asia. In 1881 on a visit to Japan, George had a local artist tattoo a blue and red dragon on his arm, and was received in an audience by the Emperor Meiji; George and his brother presented Empress Haruko with two wallabies from Australia. Dalton wrote an account of their journey entitled *The Cruise of HMS Bacchante*. Between Melbourne and Sydney, Dalton recorded a sighting of the *Flying Dutchman*, a mythical ghost ship. When they returned to Britain, the Queen complained that her grandsons could not speak French or German, and so they spent six months in Lausanne in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to learn another language. After Lausanne, the brothers were separated; Albert Victor attended Trinity College, Cambridge, while George continued in the Royal Navy. He travelled the world, visiting many areas of the British Empire. During his naval career he commanded *Torpedo Boat 79* in home waters, then HMS *Thrush* on the North America and West Indies Station. His last active service was in command of HMS *Melampus* in 1891–92. From then on, his naval rank was largely honorary.
H. H. Asquith

## The Earl of Oxford and Asquith

**Herbert Henry Asquith, 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith**, (12 September 1852 – 15 February 1928), generally known as **H. H. Asquith**, was a British statesman and Liberal politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1908 to 1916. He was the last Liberal prime minister to command a majority government, and the most recent Liberal to have served as Leader of the Opposition.

## Biography

### Early Life

Asquith was born in Morley, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, the younger son of Joseph Dixon Asquith (1825–1860) and his wife Emily, *née* Willans (1828–1888). The couple also had three daughters, of whom only one survived infancy. The Asquiths were an old Yorkshire family, with a long nonconformist tradition. It was a matter of family pride, shared by Asquith, that an ancestor, Joseph Asquith, was imprisoned for his part in the pro-Roundhead Farnley Wood Plot of 1664. The boys were sent to the City of London School as dayboys. Under the school's headmaster, E. A. Abbott, a distinguished classical scholar, Asquith became an outstanding pupil. He later said that he was under deeper obligations to his old headmaster than to any man living; Abbott disclaimed credit for the boy's progress: "I never had a pupil who owed less to me and more to his own natural ability." Asquith excelled in classics and English, was little interested in sports, read voraciously in the Guildhall Library, and became fascinated with oratory. He visited the public gallery of the House of Commons, studied the techniques of famous preachers, and honed his own skills in the school debating society. Abbott remarked on the cogency and clarity of his pupil's speeches, qualities for which Asquith became celebrated throughout the rest of his life. Asquith later recalled seeing, as a schoolboy, the corpses of five murderers left hanging outside Newgate.
Tibet

## Buddhist State of Tibet

**Tibet**, officially the **Buddhist State of Tibet**, is a country located in Central Europe. It was formed in 1912 as a de-facto state, and officially became a country after the Treaty of Yuan on 21 January 1912.

## History

### Fall of Qing dynasty

Tibet came under the rule of the Qing dynasty of China in 1720 after the Qing expelled the forces of the Dzungar Khanate. But by the end of the 19th century, the Chinese authority in Tibet was no more than symbolic. Following the Xinhai Revolution in 1911–1912, Tibetan militia launched a surprise attack on the Qing garrison stationed in Tibet after the Xinhai Lhasa turmoil. After the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912, the Qing officials in Lhasa were then forced to sign the "Three Point Agreement" for the surrender and expulsion of Qing forces in central Tibet. In early 1912, the Government of the Republic of China replaced the Qing dynasty as the government of China and the new republic asserted its sovereignty over all the territories of the previous dynasty, which included 22 Chinese provinces, Tibet and Outer Mongolia. This claim was provided for in the Imperial Edict of the Abdication of the Qing Emperor signed by the Empress Dowager Longyu on behalf of the six-year-old Xuantong Emperor: "... the continued territorial integrity of the lands of the five races, Manchu, Han, Mongol, Hui, and Tibetan into one great Republic of China" (... 仍合滿、漢、蒙、回、藏五族完全領土，為一大中華民國). The Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China adopted in 1912 specifically established frontier regions of the new republic, including Tibet, as integral parts of the state.

Following the establishment of the new Republic, China's provisional President Yuan Shikai sent a telegram to the 13th Dalai Lama, restoring his earlier titles. The Dalai Lama spurned these titles, replying that he "intended to exercise both temporal and ecclesiastical rule in Tibet." In 1913, the Dalai Lama, who had fled to India when the Qing sent a military expedition to establish direct Chinese rule over Tibet in 1910, returned to Lhasa and issued a proclamation that stated that the relationship between the Chinese emperor and Tibet "had been that of patron and priest and had not been based on the subordination of one to the other." "We are a small, religious, and independent nation," the proclamation stated.

In January 1913, Agvan Dorzhiev and three other Tibetan representatives signed a treaty between Tibet and Mongolia in Urga, proclaiming mutual recognition and their independence from China. The British diplomat Charles Bell wrote that the 13th Dalai Lama told him that he had not authorized Agvan Dorzhiev to conclude any treaties on behalf of Tibet
Revolution of Blood

## Belligerents

 Chinese Imperial revolutionaries

 Republic of China

The **Revolution of Blood** was a revolution that took place from 11 to 17 November 1921. It was led by Yuan Shikai, who wished to re-establish the failed 1916 Empire of China. It has its name because of the amount of deaths that took place in the days of the revolution.
球状星团

介绍
--

### 分解度

如果您环境好，望远镜也不错，就可以将那些棉花分解成细沙般的恒星，揭示出它们的本质。 与“深空”中的任何天体一样，口径越大越好。如果望远镜是 8 到 10 英寸或更大，则可以享受从大型球状星团中分解的乐趣。 分解程度也与密度紧密相关。相对不密集的球团比密集的球团更容易分解。而且，一些梅西耶球团可以分解到星团的外围。 可以分解并观察到中心的数量不多（主要是在大型球团中）。 在晴朗的日子里，用 10 英寸或更大的望远镜观察 M13，星团的中心完全分解成独立的恒星，可以见证令人难以置信的壮观。 我们很容易会在M13，M4，M5，NGC 5139，NGC104 等球团中观察到“分解星团中心为细沙般恒星海”的现象。在大口径望远镜中观察M4，它便不再是球状星团，而是会被误认为是“密集的疏散星团”。

经过笔者统计，银河系中的球状星团大致遵循此规律：

V(HB) = 0.9254\*V(T) + 3.7203

V(HB)为平均星等，V(T)为最亮星等。

### 星链

距今已有 100 亿年历史的球状星团中可能存在星链。 实际中观察球状星团时，星链是很容易看到的结构（？）。 星链出现在星团内部和外部的任何地方。

M4：像锁链一样穿过星团的星链很出名。用小型折射望远镜可以很容易地观察到这条链。M12：在密集的星团内部也可以看到明亮的恒星流。M10：这是在两侧对称的星形链。 内/外各一对，星链完美交叉在一起。M56：如果很好地解析这个小球状星团，内部的 V 形内星状链一直延伸到星团的外部， 并延伸到外链，可以观察到巨大的 V 形。M92：中心延伸出数条星链，外部还有一条相切的星链。
### 暗带

在平均年龄为 100 亿的球状星团中，可能存在与恒星诞生有关的暗星云。 球状星团中可见的暗线尚未弄清楚，不过与它的暗星云碎片无关。 我只是假设它看起来在凝视方向上重叠。 球状星团的暗带是光学缺陷还是真实存在？ 实际上，在球状星团中观察暗带可以说是球团观测的美。 让我们从最著名的球形星团 M13 开始。也可以在 19 世纪观测者鼻祖罗斯爵士的素描中看到奔驰的 Y 形徽标（穿过星团中心的暗带）。

然而，现代观测时，暗带移动到了角落里。美国的观察家说，M13的主要暗带就是这个螺旋桨。 即使在粗略拍摄的照片中也经常看到这种螺旋桨。

是19 世纪罗斯爵士的素描画太粗略吗？还是距离更近的暗星云在 150 年间横向移动了？

罗斯爵士的素描缺少图片描述缺少图片描述缺少图片描述
接下来，让我们看一下 M3 的暗带，被称为“ M3 的高速公路”。就是星团左上方的黑线。如果您不仔细看，很容易忽略。如果知道位置和方向，检测并不困难。

15 英寸的口径，可以清楚地看到暗带。

缺少图片描述缺少图片描述甚至在 M22 中，也可以看到所谓的暗带。
### 行星状星云

您是否相信可以在球状星团中找到行星状星云？ 这不是暗线叠加一样的错觉效果，它是包含在真实球状星团中的行星状星云。在我们可以看到的 100 个球状星团中，只有 4 个被识别出来。其中，真正观察到的只有两个。最亮的一个是位于M15 中心附近一秒的 PN 的，Pease1，看起来像这样...

第二个是 M22 中的行星状星云 GJJC1，剩余两个是JaFu1和JaFu2，都属于比较困难的观测目标。

列表
--

以下列表为笔者按照r2=(Vt\*3+VHB\*2)/5排序的球状星团分解排名参考表，部分r2使用模拟线性公式推定。
Kaiser Victory Wiki

**Welcome to the Kaiser Victory Wiki!**

*It is 1st January 1940, where important history had been leading up to it...*
*After the Great War, the world was never the same again...several civil wars had taken place as a result of the regular people and revolutionaries blaming the governments for the economical issues and failed social reforms.*

*Follow the current timeline, and then decide what is to become of the countries and governments and people....*

## Important articles

* Timeline of Kaiser Victory
* Great War
* Treaty of Berlin
* Nations
* China
Ottoman Civil War

## Belligerents

 Turkish Social Republic
 Arabia

 Ottoman Empire

The **Ottoman Civil War** (30 June 1926 – 11 June 1931), also known as the **Sick Man's War**, was a civil war that took place in the Ottoman Empire, with the Turkish Social Republic and Arabia fighting against the Ottoman Empire. It was a big event in the late 1920s, with many European countries aiding either side to push them to victory.
Scandinavia

## United Kingdom of Scandinavia

**Scandinavia**, officially the **United Kingdom of Scandinavia**, is a country located in Northern Europe, covering up most of the Scandinavian sub-region. It was formed in 1938 after fears of a united French-Italian invasion of the Kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden during the Second Great War (1937–1943).
Albert Einstein

**Albert Einstein** (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest physicists of all time. Einstein is best known for developing the theory of relativity, but he also made important contributions to the development of the theory of quantum mechanics.
Europäische Gewerkschaft

## Europäische Gewerkschaft*European Trade Union*

The **Europäische Gewerkschaft**, or the **European Trade Union** in English, is an economic union between certain countries of Europe, with Germany being the leading country. An internal single market has been established through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states in those matters, and only those matters, where the states have agreed to act as one. EG policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services and capital within the internal market; enact legislation in justice and home affairs; and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries and regional development. Passport controls have been abolished for travel within the EG.

## History

### Background

Prior to 1933, there had been something similar to the modern European Trade Union - the Zollverein policy.
Road signs of Aliceland

Aliceland has a broad range of influences on road signage, and adheres to design practices of Europe and the United States. The current style of Aliceland's road signage is the "Enhanced 1936 style, version 4", which is based on the 1936 style that was first published on 1 November 1936.

Road signs and markings are managed in Aliceland by the Alician Transportation Agency (ATA).

## History

In Aliceland, the first nationwide signage system took place in 1916. Known as the "1916 style", road signs were black and white with red reserved for extra danger. Very few signs remain in Aliceland in this style.

The enhanced 1916 style, published in 1919, became the first style to use white lines as a centre line. The 1924 style, published in October 1924, made the mandatory use of red as the colour for route diversions. The 1930 style made the first apperance of "tramway crossing" and "low level bridge" signs.

Alician road signage system starts to take its current form in 1936 with the publishing of the 1936 style by the ATA. Thus, yellow diamond signs became the norm for warning signs, round yellow signs with a black border became the norm for regulation signs and direction signs became blue, replacing black. However, like the previous styles most signs were text-only but several signs included pictograms.

When Aliceland entered metrication, the ATA updated road signs. Aliceland signed the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals in 1969 and was ratified by 1972, the same year metrication was completed. Its notable changes included the change of colours of prohibitory and mandatory signs. Originally, both prohibitory and mandatory signs were yellow background with black border in the original 1936 style. In the new style it was changed to use yellow background with red border for prohibitory signs and blue background for mandatory signs. This style is called "Enhanced 1936 style, version 2". Aliceland eliminated the remaining rectangular prohibitory signs by that date, replacing it with those using a yellow circle and a red border. Aliceland also elminated the use of many wordy signs such as "STOP FOR SCHOOL CROSSING", "LOW HEADROOM" and "OPENING BRIDGE" by that date, replacing it with UN-compliant pictorial signs.

## Warning

Warning signs use yellow diamonds (a diamond is a square with one diagonal vertical). Warning signs are either pictogram-based or text-based depending on the danger.

* **Pictogram-based:** Used for most dangers, such as dangers of wild animals, curves and railway crossings.
* **Text-based:** Used to indicate other dangers that do not have a symbol, for example, warnings of floods, cattle grids, etc. In the past, text-based warning signs were very common.

BumpUneven surfaceRoad narrowsLeft lane endsRight lane endsTwo-way traffic aheadCurve to the leftSharp curve to the leftCurve to the rightSharp curve to the rightWinding road to the leftWinding road to the rightCrossroadsSide road on leftSide road on rightStaggered junctionT-junctionMerging trafficTraffic signals aheadSteep ascentSteep descentPedestriansChildren crossingHorsesCrosswindsLow flying aircraftRoundaboutIceTunnel
Hohenborn Betrieb

The ***Holhenborn Betrieb*** (English: *Holhenborn Operation*) was a plan carried out between 10 August 1914 until France' fall on 19 February 1915. It was devised by Adolf Wild von Hohenborn in early August 1914.

## History

### Planning

After German declaration of war against France on 3 August 1914, an emergency meeting was held a day later August, where generals debated about what to do, after Helmuth von Moltke had been fired for the suggestion of the usage of the *Schlieffen Plan*, due to fears that Britain might have gotten involved immediately due to invasion of Belgium. Adolf Wild von Hohenborn - who had been appointed the new Chief of the German General Staff after Moltke's sacking - suggested the usage of the Holhenborn Betrieb, which was divided into small plans:

* *Stage I:* German spies would be sent through Luxembourg into France to cause some distress at the Franco-German border, by setting up a few bombs around the area.
* *Stage II:* Allow German troops to enter through the border.
* *Stage III:* Send some troops (composing of German and Austrian soldiers) through Italy and invade France from the Eastern part, slowly surrounding Paris.
* *Stage IV:* Bombing raids over French military bases, to weaken France's military even more.
* *State V:* Take over France, and maintain victory.
Trams in Slumberland, Enchancia

The **Slumberland tramway network** is a network of tramways in Slumberland in Tunbridge. Operated by the Slumberland Tramway Company and the Slumberland Tramways Association, the network was opened in 1874 with horse-drawn trams, and the electric network opened in 1903. All tram routes were given Arabic numerals instead of colours by 1909, thus the Blue Route became Route 26. The first letter-suffixed tram route, 8A, was introduced in 1908.

In the 1930s, the Slumberland Tramway Network had 94 routes, including 29 letter-suffixed routes. The number of routes dropped to 70 during World War II but peaked during the 1950s, when it had 121 routes. In the late 1990s, the number of routes dropped to 97, and as of 2016, there are 106 tram routes in Slumberland, including 30 letter-suffixed routes and a horse-drawn tram line.

It is designated by the Enchancian Heritage Association for its 'transportation heritage', listed under the EHAN number 17620F. Slumberland has the oldest tramway network in Enchancia. To preserve the tramway system and the image of Slumberland, the city has no plans to replace the tram system with a bus system (except in certain circumstances such as road works), and the city must be kept as car-free. Slumberland is one of eight Enchancian cities that still keep the tramway system operating.

The Slumberland tramway network had not been accessible to most people with disabilities until the early 2000s, because their trams were built way before the accessibility requirement. However, Gomaco Trolley Company built (and Slumberland Tramway Workshops assembled) 12 replica Birney trams for use on route 21 and became the first wheelchair-accessible Slumberland tramway route, in 2004.

The 2020 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Enchancia caused 78 routes out of the 109 to suspend operations, including the horse-drawn tram route, until further notice. The demand-responsive transport using electric buses substituted 78 tram routes affected by the pandemic. Exactly 20 of the 78 suspended routes restarted tram operation in early 2021. During the lockdown of Slumberland to prevent the spread of coronavirus, trams continued to operate, but all fares were free of charge for adults and children.

## Routes

* 1 Rythall Heights ↔ Klembourg North
* 2 Mittelenia ↔ Slumberland Central Station (and Quay Brook)
* 2A Mittelenia ↔ Horming Heights
* 3 Mermaid Corner ↔ Brookvale (via Thurrock Avenue)
* 4 Mermaid Corner ↔ Deagon Deviation (via Albert)
* 4A Hillburnie ↔ Deagon Deviation (via Rundle Place)
* 5 Monte Carlo Place ↔ Slumberland Central Station (via Thurrock Avenue)
* 5A Blumbhurst District ↔ Slumberland Central Station (via Thurrock Avenue)
* 6 Shirley Port ↔ Carnegie Heights (and LeBroom)
* 7 Merthyr ↔ Hillem Heights (via Glassberry)
* 7A Hornerbrook ↔ Hillem Heights (via Glassberry)

## Destination indicators

Slumberland has very colourful destination indicators, all made in the form of destination blinds.
Croatia-Slavonia

**Croatia-Slavonia**, officially the **Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia**, is a province of Austria-Hungary. It was first created in 1868 by merging the kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia following the Croatian–Hungarian Settlement of 1868. It was associated with the Kingdom of Hungary within the dual Austro–Hungarian state, being within the Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen, also known as *Transleithania*.
New Party

The **New Party** is a far-right British fascist political party formed in 1931 by Oswald Mosley, an MP who had belonged to both the Conservative and Labour parties, quitting Labour after its 1930 conference narrowly rejected his "Mosley Memorandum", a document he had written outlining how he would deal with the problem of unemployment.
Timeline of Kaiser Victory

Here is the official timeline for the alternate timeline lore *Kaiser Victory*.

## 1914

 5 July
 23 July
 24 July
 25 July
 28 July
 29 July
 30 July
 31 July
 1 August
France mobilizes.
Italy declares its neutrality.
Denmark, Sweden and Norway unitedly declare their neutrality.
The United Kingdom declares its neutrality.
 2 August
 3 August
 4 August
恒星云

除了NI2019之外，你还可以在银河系里找到很多大的恒星云。

### 人马座大恒星云&巴德窗

从人马座和天蝎座的方向看，虽然银河系的中心被厚厚的尘埃云覆盖，但仍然可以看到银河系的4层结构。人马座大恒星云是可见带中可见的银河系最深结构，也是肉眼可见的最远银河系结构。它从人马座gamma和delta向北延伸了几度，并且在小型双筒望远镜中看起来非常漂亮：它就像明亮的火焰，在其中可以辨别出许多闪亮的恒星。实际上，它是银河核球的一部分。

要注意区分人马座大恒星云和人马座小恒星云，后者才是M24，而前者十分巨大以及明亮，网络流传的大多只有后者没有前者。

银河系中央气体和尘埃稀少，但是形成新恒星需要这些物质，因此核球不同于旋臂。没有明亮的年轻蓝色恒星，相反，核球中最明亮的恒星是K橙色巨星，因此在彩色照片中，人马大恒星云呈显示为淡黄色斑点。

由于内旋臂上的灰尘，无法看到核球的大多数。如果可以看到整个核球，则应从天蝎的尾钩开始，延伸到人马小恒星云（M24），并向心延伸超过整个距离的一半。我们可以看到人马大恒星云，完全是因为银河系内部的尘埃中出现了一个很大的窗口。

其他类似的窗口使我们可以通过银河系的螺旋盘看到非常深的空间。我们可以通过另一个窗口窥视银河系中心区域的一部分。该窗口是天蝎座的尾巴，位于疏散星团M7的后面。在彩色图像中，M7周围的小恒星状星云略带黄色。它与北部的人马大恒星云相同。实际上，当我们观察到M7时，这个超过1000光年的天体是在遥远的银河系核心的前景上的。

   人马座大恒星云中存在一个以人马座的球状星团NGC6522为中心、星际消光很小的巴德窗，为我们提供了一个深入观察银河系核球的机会。NGC6522有120亿年的历史，可能是银河系中最古老的星团。NGC6522位于银河系10,000光年宽的银河凸起内，银河系的密实核心充满了数亿颗古老的黄星。

### 人马座小恒星云&其他恒星云

    通过另一个星际尘埃中的窗户，我们可以看到在人马座方向第二远的银河系结构：小人马恒星云或M24：它是一个矩形的亮点，从东北向西南延伸区域2X0.75。距人马座东北约2度。在双筒望远镜中，它不如人马大恒星云明亮，但7至10级的明亮恒星更丰富。 M24的距离估计为10,000光年-16000光年。这意味着它是银河系深部内部旋臂的突出部分：它在双筒望远镜中的出现证实了这一点，因为即使在距M24较远的地方，也有许多高光度超巨星能够用小型望远镜很容易分解。

M24可能是矩形臂的一部分，它是猎户-天鹅臂内部的第二个螺旋臂。一些研究人员将其称为盾牌-半人马旋臂，并使用“矩尺臂”来描述另一个更靠近银中心的小螺旋臂。 银河南端的明亮的矩尺恒星云（Norma Star Cloud - NGC 6067 and NGC 6188 (Rim Nebula)）和人马座以北的盾牌恒星云也可能位于矩尺臂中。

由于太偏南，矩尺恒星云不经常出现在大众视野中，但其本身是非常值得观测的（具体可以使用Stellarium查看）。类似的还有盾牌恒星云。
Huey Long

**Huey Pierce Long Jr.** (born August 30, 1893), nicknamed "**the Kingfish**", is an American politician who served as the 40th governor of Louisiana from 1928 to 1932 and as a United States Senator from 1932 until 1936. As the political leader of Louisiana, he commanded wide networks of supporters and often took forceful action. A controversial figure, Long is celebrated as a populist champion of the poor or, conversely, denounced as a fascistic demagogue.

Long was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1930 but did not assume his seat until 1932. He established himself as an isolationist, arguing that Standard Oil and Wall Street orchestrated American foreign policy. He was instrumental in securing Roosevelt's 1932 nomination but split with him in 1933, becoming a prominent critic of his New Deal. As an alternative, he proposed the Share Our Wealth program in 1934. To stimulate the economy, he advocated massive federal spending, a wealth tax, and wealth redistribution. These proposals drew wide support with millions joining local Share Our Wealth clubs. He attempted to run in the 1936 and 1944 presidential elections.
Canada

## Dominion of Canada

**Governor General:**
Georges Vanier *(1959–)*

**Prime Minister of Canada:**
Lester B. Pearson *(1963–)*

**Canada**, officially the **Dominion of Canada**, is a country in North America. It currently has ten provinces, plus some extra territory, and it is the world's second-largest country by total area. Canada's capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.
观测准备

### 心理准备

**耐心：**需要花很长时间才能看见视场里的所有东西，即使你知道什么是你正在寻找的。下面要谈到的某些技巧并不完全能自主控制，比如眼睛的移动，视宁度和大气透明度可能会很快地变化，可能只有一会儿所有条件才能达到最好状况。

**坚持**：眼睛、望远镜和天空，每晚都会有差别。

耐心和坚持是非常重要的。如果你放弃了，你就什么也看不到。

### 暗适应

在开始观测前避开亮光：你的眼睛需要花数小时达到看见暗天体的极限。在尝试特别困难的观测之前，坐下来闭上眼睛几分钟会有所帮助。（人眼研究）

避免散射光： 即使在天黑时，较亮的背景仍然对观测暗天体有影响。避免你的望远镜和眼睛接收到散射光，试试眼罩以及目镜的眼杯。我第一次看到玉夫座矮星系时，把夹克的领子往上拉，盖住双筒镜的目镜。我看起来就像没头的骑师和Navaronne炮的结合体，但我看到了那个星系。

最专业的暗适应时间需要多久？大约需要20-60分钟，在观测现场任何一次强光事件都不可小觑，那都会直接将暗视力打回原点。推荐多吃点胡萝卜。
Guangdong

## Kingdom of Guangdong

**Prime Minister:**
Chen Cheng (1956–)

## Culture

### Motto

"戰鬥到死——然後為自己為國家而死而感到自豪" ("Fight until your death - then be proud that you died for your country")

### Currency

Guangdongese liǎng

**Guangdong**, officially the **Kingdom of Guangdong**, is a country located in southern Asia. It borders Indochina and the People's Republic of China to the West, and the Republic of China to the North, while sharing overseas borders with the Japan via Taiwan. It was formed in 1925 during the Chinese Civil War and was officially recognized via the Treaty of Yuan.
George Lincoln Rockwell

**George Lincoln Rockwell** (born March 9, 1918) is an American politician who serves as the leader of the American Dinerotist Party ever since its creation in 1958. He is confirmed to be running as the party's representative in the upcoming presidential election in 1964.

## History

### Early Life

Rockwell was born in Bloomington, Illinois, the first of three children of George Lovejoy Rockwell and Claire (Schade) Rockwell. His father was born in Providence, Rhode Island, and was of English and Scottish ancestry. His mother was the daughter of Augustus Schade, a German immigrant, and Corrine Boudreau, who was of Acadian French ancestry. Both parents were vaudeville comedians and actors. His parents divorced when Rockwell was six years old, and he divided his youth between his mother in Atlantic City, New Jersey and his father in Boothbay Harbor, Maine.

Rockwell attended Atlantic City High School in Atlantic City, and applied to Harvard University when he was 17 years old. However, he was denied admission. One year later, his father enrolled him at Hebron Academy in Hebron, Maine.

In August 1938, Rockwell enrolled at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island as a philosophy major. In his sophomore year, Rockwell dropped out of Brown University and accepted a commission in the United States Navy, a few months before the United States got involved in the Second Great War (1937–1943).
When the Falcon Falls

> *"Imagine a world where the Central Powers lost the First Great War...the world is a different place..."* - the book's back-cover description.
>
>

***When the Falcon Falls*** is an alternate history novel written by English writer George Orwell. It was published on 6 July 1939 by MacMillian Publishers.

## Plot

### Setting and background

The book is set in an alternate 1938 where the Central Powers had lost the Great War, after the Leaf Offensive launched by Germany failed in the novel, allowing the allied powers to assume an organised military to counterattack the Central Powers. By November 1919, the German government agreed to sue for peace, and after the Congress of Paris, Germany was transformed into a constitutional monarchy by the allies. The Russian Civil War also lasted a bit longer, but still ended in a Russian victory, especially now that they didn't have to ratify the defunct-Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.