Artificial Intelligence

## Introduction to AI

Artificial intelligence (abbreviated as AI), also known as omniscience and machine intelligence, refers to the intelligence shown by machines made by humans. Generally artificial intelligence refers to the technology of presenting human intelligence through ordinary computer programs. The term also refers to the study of whether and how such an intelligent system can be realized. At the same time, through the progress of medicine, neuroscience, robotics and statistics, etc., normal forecasts believe that many human occupations will gradually be replaced by them.

The defining field of artificial intelligence in general textbooks is "research and design of intelligent agent"**(Yigitcanlar 2020)**, which refers to a system that can observe the surrounding environment and take action to achieve goals John McCarthy defined it in 1955 as "the science and engineering of building intelligent machines" Andreas Kaplan and Michael Haenlein define AI as "the ability of a system to correctly interpret external data, learn from it, and use that knowledge to achieve specific goals and tasks through flexible adaptation." **(Luger 2012)** AI can be defined as machines or computers that mimic human cognitive functions related to the human mind, such as learning and problem solving. Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that perceives its environment and takes action to maximize its chances of success. In addition, AI is able to learn from past experiences, make sound decisions, and respond quickly. Therefore, the scientific goal of AI researchers is to understand intelligence by constructing computer programs with symbolic reasoning or reasoning.

## The core technology of AI

### **Computer Vision**

91% of people know the world through vision. Similarly, the ultimate goal of computer vision is to enable computers to recognize and understand the world through vision like humans. It mainly uses algorithms to identify and analyze images. At present, the most widely used applications of computer vision are face recognition and image recognition. Related technologies specifically include image classification, object tracking, and semantic segmentation.

### **Machine Learning**

The basic idea of machine learning is an algorithm that improves its own performance through computer learning from data. The most important 4 categories of problems to be solved in machine learning are prediction, clustering, classification and dimensionality reduction. According to the classification of learning methods, machine learning can be divided into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning and reinforcement learning.

### **Natural language processing**

Natural language processing (NLP) refers to the computer's ability to recognize and understand human text language and is an interdisciplinary subject between computer science and human linguistics. Natural language is the biggest difference between humans and animals. Human thinking is based on language, so natural language processing also represents the ultimate goal of artificial intelligence. If the machine wants to achieve real intelligent natural language processing, it is an indispensable part. Natural language processing is divided into seven directions: grammar and semantic analysis, information extraction, text mining, information retrieval, machine translation, question answering system and dialogue system. There are mainly five types of technologies in natural language processing, which are classification, matching, translation, structure prediction and sequence decision-making process.

### **Speech recognition**

Now the use of machines by humans has reached a very high level, so people also rely on the convenience of machine use. It is a very convenient form to use language to dominate the machine. Speech recognition technology is a process of converting human voice input into a language that a machine can understand, or into a natural language.

Reference List:

1. Yigitcanlar 2020, *How Are They Perceived and Utilized in Australia? ,* Mark, view 25 April 2023, <https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040187>

2. Luger 2012, *Artificial Intelligence: Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving 5th,* The Cummings Publishing Company, viewed 19 May 2023, <https://www.cs.unm.edu>