recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Avie Tevanian

**Avadis "Avie" Tevanian, Jr.** (born 1961) was the Vice-President of Engineering at NeXT.

## Education

Tevanian received his B.A. in Mathematics from the University of Rochester, and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University. At Carnegie Mellon, Tevanian was a principal designer and engineer of the Mach kernel, upon which NeXTSTEP was based.

## NeXT corporate biography

(modified to past tense)
Tevanian joined NeXT as an engineer on the NeXTSTEP team in January 1988. He quickly moved up the ranks and managed the operating systems group responsible for NeXTSTEP development and technology advances. Tevanian then managed a team responsible for porting NeXTSTEP to RISC-based systems and development of Portable Distributed Objects, the NeXT technology that made it possible to develop software on multiple operating systems. He became vice president of NeXT engineering in March 1995, reporting directly to founder and CEO Steve Jobs.

A recognized pioneer in creating cross-platform development environments used worldwide, Tevanian headed up the engineering teams that made NeXT's products award-winning and proven.

## After NeXT

NeXT was acquired by Apple Computer in 1997, where Tevanian soon became the Chief Software Technology Officer. He was the primary figure in the adapting NeXTSTEP into what would become Mac OS X. He also became a member of the board of embedded software tools company Green Hills Software.

## Video interviews

Oral History of Avie Tevanian - Session 1Oral History of Avadis Tevanian - Session 2
## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Executive Team Background Information, Next Software, Inc. Archived 1997-04-12.

## External links

* Avadis “Avie” Tevanian, Jr., Ph.D at Apple (archived 2006-04-22)
* Avie Tevanian at All about Steve Jobs
* Tevanian, Avadis oral history at the Computer History Museum
* Avie Tevanian at the Apple Wiki
* Avie Tevanian at Wikipedia

### Articles

* Top NeXT Engineer Faces a Big Task: Make Apple Bloom by Lee Gomes at *The Wall Street Journal* (1996-12-24)
List of NeXT products

The following is a **list of products developed by NeXT**:

* NeXTcube
* NeXTcube Turbo
* NeXTstation
* NeXTstation Turbo
* NeXTstation Color
* NeXTstation Turbo Color

Peripherals* NeXT Color Printer
* NeXT External CD-ROM Drive
* NeXT Keyboard
* NeXT Laser Printer
* NeXT MegaPixel Display
* NeXT MegaPixel Color Display
* NeXT Mouse
* NeXTdimension color board
* Enterprise Object Framework
* Interface Builder
* NeXT Database Kit
* NeXTSTEP
* OpenStep
* Portable Distributed Objects
* Project Builder
* WebObjects

## External links

* NeXT Publications at NeXT (archived 1997-04-12)
* NeXT Products at The Best of NeXT Computers
* NeXT: The Hardware and The Software at 512 Pixels (2011-11-28 / 2012-01-20)
* NeXT Cubes, Workstations and Peripherals at Black Hole, Incorporated
* Black Hardware manufactured by NeXT Inc. at ChannelU (archived 2010-07-24)
* NeXT Computers at Microcomputers.org.uk
* NeXTfiles at NeXTComputers.org
George Crow

**George L. Crow Jr.** was the Vice President of Analog Hardware Engineering at NeXT.

## Education

Crow received a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of California, Berkeley and a M.S. in Computer Science from Santa Clara University.

## Career

Crow previously worked at Hewlett-Packard around 1980.

### Apple Computer

Crow joined the original Macintosh development team at Apple Computer in 1981. He designed the analog board that would contain the power supply and video circuitry for the first Macintosh 128K. When the prototype developed problems with the early Twiggy drive, he worked behind the scenes to have it replaced with Sony's new 3.5-inch floppy mechanism.

### NeXT

Crow left Apple with Steve Jobs in 1985 to become a co-founding member of NeXT as the Vice President of Analog Hardware Engineering. He left NeXT to work for SuperMac and then Truevision. In 1999, Crow returned to Apple with Jobs back as CEO, recalling that the general atmosphere was similar to how it was in the 1980s. In 2006, he retired.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 PC Board Esthetics by Andy Hertzfeld, Folklore. 1981-07.
2. ↑ Lemmons, Phil. "An Interview: The Macintosh Design Team", *BYTE*, February 1984, pp. 58. Retrieved on 22 October 2013.
3. ↑ Quick, Hide In This Closet! by Andy Hertzfeld, Folklore. 1983-08.
4. ↑ George Crow, LinkedIn. Accessed 2013-10-09.[DEAD LINK]

## External links

* Board of Directors at Music for Minors (2005-06)
* George Crow at Folklore
* George Crow at the Apple Wiki
* George Crow at Wikipedia

### Articles

* George Crow talks Apple, then and now at *MacMinute* (2004-03-24, archived 2004-04-01)
* Geek Of The Week: George Crow by Kale at Geek Trio (2011-10-24)
* NeXT Cofounder George Crow Reflects On Engineering The First Macintosh by Jennifer Elias at Fast Company (2014-01-24)
* The Art of Innovation: George Crow’s Path from Cal to Apple by Tom Kertscher at Cal Alumni Association (2018-08-29)
24-bit

**24-bit** refers to **twenty-four** binary (0 or 1) units of integer data. This allows for up to 16,777,216 combinations of values.

* 24-bit color can allow for up to 16,777,216 colors, split into three sets of 8-bit values for 256 levels per RGB channel (red, green, and blue). This is also known as "true color" on PCs and "millions" of colors on classic Mac OS.
* 24-bit sound allows for a range of up to 16,777,216 values (−8,388,608 to +8,388,607) per sample (Hertz).
* 24-bit addressing allows for access to up to 16,777,216 bytes, or 16 megabytes of data.
* 24 bits of data make 3 bytes.

## External links

* 24-bit at the Apple Wiki
* 24-bit computing at Wikipedia
John Patrick Crecine

**John Patrick "Pat" Crecine** (August 22, 1939 – April 28, 2008) was an American educator and economist who served as president of Georgia Tech, dean at Carnegie Mellon University, professor, and business executive at technology companies, including NeXT.

## Education

After receiving his early education at public schools in Lansing, Michigan, he earned a bachelor's degree in industrial management, and master's and doctoral degrees in industrial administration in 1965 from the Graduate School of Industrial Administration (now called the Tepper School of Business) at Carnegie Mellon University. He also spent a year at the Stanford University School of Business.

## Career

After Crecine’s resignation as president of Georgia Tech took effect in July 1994, he became associated with several start-up companies involved in Information Technology, ecommerce, and the internet and at the time of his death was CEO of B.P.T., Inc. a consulting firm. He served as a member of the Board of Directors of several public companies: Intermet Corporation (1993–2005), Web.com (formerly Interland Corporation, 2003–present), Liebert Corporation (1982–1987), 796 (Pittsburgh Baseball Club Ownership Group, 1982–87), NeXT Computer, Inc. (1987–1990), HBOC, Inc. (1992–1998), Total eMed (1999–2000), and numerous non-profit and charitable organizations.

## References

1. ↑ John P. Crecine, LinkedIn. Accessed 2021-12-18.
2. ↑ Website Builder - Small Business Website Design - Web.com. *web.com*. Archived from the original on 13 October 2007. Retrieved on 2 July 2016.
3. ↑ PBN.Hosting: Forget SEO Hosts. Simple, Secure Private Blog Network Creation. *cheaphostingdirectory.com*. Retrieved on 2 July 2016.
4. ↑ Board of Trustees, Georgia Research Alliance. Archived 2007-02-04.

## External links

* Office of the President: John P. Crecine Records at Georgia Tech Library
* Pat Crecine at all about Steve Jobs
* John P. Crecine by Douglas Menuez at Stanford University
* John P. Crecine at WorldCat
* John Patrick Crecine at the Apple Wiki
* John Patrick Crecine at Wikipedia
NeXT

**NeXT Inc.**, later **NeXT Computer, Inc.** and **NeXT Software, Inc.**, was an American computer company founded by Steve Jobs in 1985 after he left Apple Computer. Jobs filed incorporation papers for NeXT on September 16, 1985, the same day he formally resigned from Apple.

## History

The company produced a series of workstations aimed at the higher education and business markets; they ran NeXTSTEP, an advanced, UNIX-based, object-oriented operating system. Although their technology was very innovative for the time, high prices and little software available led to very poor sales.

NeXT machines were used to develop CERN's WorldWideWeb (the first web browser), and id Software's hit games *Doom*, *Doom II*, and *Quake*.

On December 20, 1996, Apple Computer announced that it would acquire NeXT. Apple's goal was to use NeXT's software technology as the basis of a "modern Mac OS" after the Copland project had failed to do so. The acquisition was completed on February 7, 1997 for $429 million to the original investors and 1.5 million shares of Apple stock to Steve Jobs.

OpenStep, the open source descendent of NeXTSTEP, was then combined with components from FreeBSD to create first the Rhapsody environment, and then the Darwin / Aqua / Cocoa architecture was introduced into Mac OS X Server, and later Mac OS X client.

## Management

The NeXT board of directors included:

* John Patrick Crecine (1987-1990)
* Steve Jobs, Chairman and CEO
* Ross Perot (1988-1991)

### Executive team

The entire senior executive team took top management positions at Apple Computer after the acquisition of NeXT was completed in 1997:

Steve Jobs
Chairman and CEOAvie Tevanian
VP of EngineeringMitch Mandich
VP of Worldwide Sales and Services
### Apple alumni

A number of key employees from Apple followed Jobs to NeXT in 1985:

* Susan Barnes
* Bruce Blumberg
* Tom Carlisle
* George Crow
* Joanna Hoffman
* Susan Kare
* Dan'l Lewin
* Rich Page
* Lynn Takahashi Franklin
* Bud Tribble

## References

1. ↑ Sept. 16, 1985: Jobs Quits Apple; Sept. 16, 1997: Jobs Rejoins Apple by Leander Kahney, *Wired*. 2010-09-16.
2. ↑ Apple Computer, Inc. Agrees to Acquire NeXT Software Inc.. Apple Computer (1996-12-20). Archived from the original on 2002-02-08.
3. ↑ "Apple files with SEC for Jobs to sell 1.5 million shares", *The Seattle Times*, 1997-06-19.
4. ↑ Apple Computer, Inc. Finalizes Acquisition of NeXT Software Inc., Apple Computer. 1997-02-07. Archived 1999-01-17.

## External links

* NeXT official site (archived 1997-04-12)
	+ Apple Computer and NeXT Software Merger (archived 1997-04-12)
* The Best of NeXT Collection by Kevin Ford
* The NeXT Computer Historical Site by Simson Garfinkel
* NeXT Computer at Low End Mac
* NeXT Computers at Microcomputer.org.uk
* The NeXTonian at Rixstep
* NeXTComputers.org
* NeXT at the Adobe Wiki
* NeXT at the Apple Wiki
* NeXT at Wikipedia

### Articles

* NeXT: Steve Jobs' dot com IPO that never happened by Hansen Hsu at the Computer History Museum (2017-02-07)
Homo americanis

*Homo americanis* is one of six human species in A New Dawn. They began as an sub-species of *homo nihonensis* who migrated to North America, but after years of isolation from their brethren they evovled, and became their own distinct species.

## Homo americanis

### Characteristics

*Homo americanis* are a long-legged and slender species, and like *Sapiens* they are great endurance runners. They are one of the taller species, males average around 178-183 cm, and the women are not much shorter, as they usually stand 176-180 cm tall. Due to their general slender build and lack of fat storage (compared to other humans), they generally have a more androgynous look. Other humans might have a harder time telling the men and women apart.

Like their distant *nihonensis* cousins they are brown-skinned, with dark hair. They also share many facial features, such as large ears and small noses, but their greater sense of hearing and extremely elongated skulls (alla the artificial elongated skulls of some humans from our timeline), sets them apart from any other human species.

Their vocal ability is similar to those of their brethren and *denisovans*. They are thus able to form words in the same capacity as *Sapiens*, but with deeper sounding voices.
Byte

A **byte** is a unit of data that typically consists of 8 bits. Historically, this reflected the amount of data required to store an ASCII value to represent one of up to 256 different characters of text.

## Variations

* A binary **kilobyte** (KiB) consists of 1,024 bytes ( 210 )
* A binary **megabyte** (MiB) consists of 1,024 kilobytes, or 1,048,576 bytes ( 220 )
* A binary **gigabyte** (GiB) consists of 1,024 megabytes, or 1,073,741,824 bytes ( 230 )
* A binary **terabyte** (TiB) consists of 1,024 gigabytes, or 1,099,511,627,776 bytes ( 240 )
* A binary **petabyte** (PiB) consists of 1,024 terabytes, or 1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes ( 250 )
* A binary **exabyte** (EiB) consists of 1,024 petabytes, or 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bytes ( 260 )

Apple stopped using binary values and switched to decimals starting with iOS 11 and Mac OS X 10.6, causing a "megabyte" to report 1,000,000 bytes instead of 1,048,576 bytes, as had been done in the past. This created an illusion of a slight increase in data capacity (memory and storage).

* A decimal **kilobyte** (kB) consists of 1,000 bytes ( 103 )
* A decimal **megabyte** (MB) consists of 1,000 kilobytes, or 1,000,000 bytes ( 106 )
* A decimal **gigabyte** (GB) consists of 1,000 megabytes, or 1,000,000,000 bytes ( 109 )
* A decimal **terabyte** (TB) consists of 1,000 gigabytes, or 1,000,000,000,000 bytes ( 1012 )
* A decimal **petabyte** (PB) consists of 1,000 terabytes, or 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes ( 1015 )
* A decimal **exabyte** (EB) consists of 1,000 petabytes, or 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes ( 1018 )

## References

1. ↑ "Snow Leopard's new maths", 2009-08-28. Retrieved on 2011-04-13.
2. ↑ How Mac OS X reports drive capacity. Apple Inc (2009-08-27). Retrieved on 2009-10-16.

## External links

* Byte at the Apple Wiki
* Byte at Wiktionary
* Byte at Wikipedia
NeXTcube

The **NeXTcube** is a high-end workstation computer developed, manufactured, and sold by NeXT from 1990 until 1993. It superseded the original NeXT Computer System and is housed in a similar cube-shaped magnesium enclosure, sometimes called the "**Cube II**" or **Cube 040**. The workstation runs the NeXTSTEP operating system and was launched with a US$10,000 list price.

## Hardware

The NeXTcube is the successor to the original NeXT Computer. It differs from its predecessor in having a 25 MHz Motorola 68040 processor, larger hard disks in place of the magneto-optical drive, and an optional floppy disk drive. A faster 33 MHz NeXTcube Turbo was produced later.

NeXT released the NeXTdimension for the NeXTcube, a circuit board based on an Intel i860 processor, which offers 32-bit PostScript color display and video-sampling features.

The Pyro accelerator board increases the speed of a NeXTcube by replacing the original 25 MHz 68040 processor with a 50 MHz version.

## Specifications

* Display: 1120×832 17 in (432 mm, 82 ppi) grayscale; see NeXT MegaPixel Display
* Operating system: NeXTSTEP 2.2 Extended or later
* CPU: 25 MHz 68040 with integrated floating-point unit
* Digital signal processor: 25 MHz Motorola DSP56001
* RAM: 16 MB, expandable to 64 MB
* Hard drive: 400 MB, 1.4GB or 2.8GB SCSI drive (optional)
* Size (H × W × D): 12 in × 12 in × 12 in (305 mm x 305 mm x 305 mm, ±1 mm)

## References

1. ↑ Pyro Installation & Ordering (PDF) by Spherical Solutions. Archived 1997-05-02.
2. ↑ NeXTcube brochure (PDF) by NeXT. Scanned 1997-07-16 by NeXTcomputers.org.

## See also

* Power Mac G4 Cube, a later model from Apple Computer that also adopted the cube design.

## External links

* NeXT Cube at The Best of NeXT Computers
* NeXTcube at ChannelU (archived 2001-01-28)
	+ NeXTcube specifications (archived 2001-01-28)
* NeXT Cube at Low End Mac
* NeXTcube at the Apple Wiki
* NeXTcube at Wikipedia
NeXTcube Turbo

The **NeXTcube Turbo** was a high-end workstation computer developed, manufactured and sold by NeXT. It superseded the earlier NeXTcube workstation and was housed in the same cube-shaped magnesium enclosure. The workstation ran the NeXTSTEP operating system.

## Hardware

The NeXTcube Turbo was a development of the earlier NeXTcube. It differed from its predecessor in having a faster 33 MHz Motorola 68040 processor.

The NeXTdimension board could also be used in the NeXTcube Turbo.

There was also a very rare accelerator board known as the Nitro; between 5 and 20 are estimated to have been made. It increased the speed of a NeXTcube Turbo by replacing the standard 33 MHz processor with a 40 MHz version.

## Specifications

* Display: 1120×832 17" grayscale
* Operating system: NeXTSTEP, OpenStep
* CPU: 33 MHz 68040 with integrated floating-point unit
* Digital signal processor: Motorola DSP56001
* Size (H × W × D): 12" × 12" × 12"

## References

1. ↑ NeXT Nitro Information, ChannelU. 1998-11-03. Archived 2010-06-24.
2. ↑ NeXTcube (PDF) by NeXT Inc. 1992-01.

## External links

* NeXTcube Turbo at ChannelU (archived 2000-01-19)
* NeXTcube Turbo at Low End Mac
* NeXTcube Turbo at the Apple Wiki
* NeXTcube Turbo at Wikipedia
Gary Moore

**Gary H. Moore** was the general counsel of NeXT.

## Education

Moore received his bachelor's degree from Yale University in 1966, and graduated magna cum laude with a J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1969.

## Career

Moore joined NeXT as its legal counsel. He also took on this role at Steve Jobs' other venture, Pixar Animation Studios.

Moore later became a partner at Cooley Godward and has since retired.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Gary Moore, Cooley LLP. Accessed 2020-06-13.
2. ↑ Poker Time by Lawrence Levy, *To Pixar and Beyond: My Unlikely Journey with Steve Jobs to Make Entertainment History* p.184. 2016-11.

## External links

* Gary H. Moore at Justia
* Gary Moore at the Apple Wiki
Künstliche Intelligenz

Die Seite ***Künstliche Intelligenz** ist gerade noch unter Bearbeitung. Du kannst dem Wiki helfen, indem du den Artikel erweiterst!*
**Künstliche Intelligenz** (Artificial intelligence) wurden für jeden Teilnehmer des Todesspieles erschaffen. Sie werden als Belohnungen bei der Preisauswahl verwendet, für Androide welche identisch zu dem Menschen sind benutzt und wurden dafür benutzt um die Überlebenschancen der Teilnehmer zu berechnen.
8-bit

**8-bit** refers to **eight** binary (0 or 1) units of integer data. This allows for up to 256 combinations of values, typically from 0 to 255.

* 8-bit color allows for up to 256 grays, or 256 colors assigned by a color lookup table (CLUT). This is also referred to as the VGA standard by PC users.
* 8-bit sound allows for a range of up to 256 values (−128 to +127) per sample (Hertz).
* 8 bits make 1 byte, referred to by programmers as a **halfword**.

## External links

* 8-bit at the Apple Wiki
* 8-bit computing at Wikipedia
Bruce Blumberg

**Bruce Blumberg** was an early employee of NeXT who worked as a product marketing manager and senior development support engineer.

## Education

Blumberg received a B.A. in economics from Amherst College in 1977, and his S.M. in finance and management information systems from the MIT Sloan School of Management in 1981. He later earned a Ph.D. in media arts and sciences from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1995.

## Career

Blumberg joined Apple in 1981 after completing his management degree and became a product manager in the Lisa and Macintosh divisions. In 1985, Blumberg followed co-founder Steve Jobs to NeXT to become one of its first employees. He left NeXT in 1992 to continue his studies and became an assistant professor at the MIT Media Lab.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 What Robot Makers Must Learn from Dogs, Animators and Video Game Designers: Q&A With Bruce Blumberg by Jim Lawton, *Forbes]]. 2018-06-22.*
2. ↑ Talk to focus on creations with behavior, MIT News. 1997-04-16.
3. ↑ Early NeXT Folks by Leo Hourvitz. 1985-12.
4. ↑ Bios of the Instructors, University of California, Los Angeles. 1997.

## External links

* Bruce Blumberg at Gamasutra
* Bruce Blumberg at LinkedIn
* Multimediaman archive for Bruce Blumberg by Kevin R. Donley
* Bruce Blumberg at the Apple Wiki
Nations

The world of AND features many different coutries and nation, from city states to rising empires, the history of the world will be marked and written by the victors.

## City States

### The Inkhaian Cities:

*For More information: Inkhaian The Dai*

Dai Tembra (Collapsed)

Dai Totopoiega (Collapsed)

Dai Numhez

Dai Ukhan (Collapsed)

Dai Ulhartos

Dai Ropoia (Collapsed)

Dai Fors

### Kildaran Cities

*For more information Kildara Region Winwuru*

Octpob

Ioxhana

Caenak (Collapsed)

Kahandan

Tepocethank

Hann

Pebidabi

## Nations

Hung Empire

Serban Empire

The Dao State

Oepo

Nyanda

First Inkhaian Empire

Onabu

Bakert
32-bit

**32-bit** refers to **thirty-two** binary (0 or 1) units of integer data. This allows for up to 4,294,967,296 combinations of values.

* 32-bit color is typically split into four sets of 8-bit values for 256 levels per RGBA channel (red, green, blue, and alpha). The three 8-bit RGB values deliver 16,777,216 unique colors, the same as 24-bit color, but with the addition of 256 levels of transparency defined by the alpha channel.
* 32-bit sound allows for a range of up to 4,294,967,296 values (−2,147,483,648 to +2,147,483,647) per sample (Hertz).
* 32-bit addressing allows for access to up to 4,294,967,296 bytes, or 4 gigabytes of data.
* 32 bits of data make 4 bytes, referred to by programmers as a **longword**.

## See also

* Motorola 68030, the first 32-bit processor used by NeXT, in the first NeXT Computer.

## External links

* 32-bit at the Apple Wiki
* 32-bit computing at Wikipedia
32-bit color

**32-bit color**, in a RGB color space, is a color depth that can theoretically allow for up to 4,294,967,296 unique colors. However, it is typically split into four sets of 8-bit values for 256 levels per RGBA channel (red, green, blue, and alpha). The three 8-bit RGB values deliver 16,777,216 unique colors, the same as 24-bit color, but with the addition of 256 levels of transparency defined by the alpha channel. Apple Computer first introduced this colorspace to the Macintosh II series in May 1989 through 32-Bit QuickDraw.

## References

1. ↑ Technical Note QD01 | QuickDraw: Version 1.2 Features by Apple Computer. 1990-04-01. Archived 2016-01-31.

## External links

* 32-bit color at the Apple Wiki
* Color depth at Wikipedia

Template:Color depths
Rich Page

**Richard Page** is an engineer who was the Vice President of Digital Hardware Engineering at NeXT.

## Early life and education

Page was born in Vallejo, California in 1951 and grew up in Belmont, near San Francisco. He received his bachelor's degrees in math and physics and master's degree in computer science from San Jose State University.

## Career

Page first worked at Fairchild Semiconductor while still in college in 1972. He was then recruited by John Couch to work on the HP 3000 minicomputer at Hewlett-Packard.

### Apple Computer

Page was recruited by co-founder Steve Jobs to join Apple Computer at the urging of Couch, who himself had joined Apple in 1978. Page became responsible for the decision to use the Motorola 68000 processor in the Lisa and the first Macintosh 128K. He became an Apple Fellow in 1983. Page then prototyped Apple's first portable computer and 68020-based system. The 68020 prototype, named "Big Mac", was used to develop MacPaint 2.0. However, it was passed over for a NuBus slot-based design that was used for the Macintosh II.

### NeXT

When Apple co-founder Steve Jobs left the company in 1985, Page also left and joined Jobs as a founding member of NeXT. Page was responsible for developing the NeXTcube and NeXTstation. He left NeXT in 1992, shortly before its hardware division was closed.

### After NeXT

Page became executive chairman of Chowbotics, a food preparation robotics company.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Artifact Details: Page, Rich oral history, Computer History Museum. 2018-11-07.
2. ↑ Credit Where Due by Andy Hertzfeld, *Folklore.org*, January 1983. Retrieved May 26, 2006.
3. ↑ Evolution Of A Classic by David Ramsey, Folklore. 1986-03.
4. ↑ People by Rixstep, The NeXTonian. Accessed 2020-06-11.
5. ↑ Chowbotics Takes Sally The Salad Robot On Tour by Emily Jed, Vending Times. 2018-04-05.

## External links

* Rich Page at Alteon Capital Partners
* Rich Page at LinkedIn
* Rich Page at Silicon Catalyst
* Rich Page at Folklore
* Rich Page at the Apple Wiki
* Rich Page at Wikipedia
24-bit color

**24-bit color**, in a RGB color space, is a color depth that can allow for up to 16,777,216 unique colors, split into three sets of 8-bit values for 256 levels per red, green, or blue channel. This is also known as "true color" on PCs and "**millions**" of colors on classic Mac OS.

## External links

* 24-bit color at the Adobe Wiki
* 24-bit color at the Apple Wiki
* wp:Color depth at Wikipedia
Tom Carlisle

**Tom Carlisle** is an early employee of Apple Computer who worked as an interior designer. He followed co-founder Steve Jobs to NeXT to become one of its first ten employees as the director of facilities. Carlisle later became the facilities director at Jobs' other venture, Pixar.

## References

1. ↑ Returning to Apple by Scott Gillam, *Steve Jobs: Apple iCon*, p.73. 2012.
2. ↑ All about Steve Jobs career | The perfect company by Milton Sava. 2011-10.
3. ↑ Early NeXT Folks by Leo Hourvitz. 1985-12.
4. ↑ Pixar names its main studio building after Steve Jobs by Jordan Kahn, 9to5Mac. 2012-11-06.

## External links

* Tom Carlisle of NeXT Computer, Inc. by Douglas Menuez at Stanford University (1986)
* Tom Carlisle at the Apple Wiki
Homo floresiensis australis

Homo floresiensis australis are the only living species of gremlins left.

Evolution.
None.

Characteristics.
Homo florsiensis australis are a short species. Measuring on average about 3 feet 5 inches tall. Male gremlins measure around 3 feet 8 inches tall and women measure around 3 feet 5 inches. They are light skinned short furry creatures that are able to show several emotions at once. They have long pointy ears which help them hear food in the trees. They have a very advanced vocal ability being able to easily speak deeply or very high whenever they want.

Migration.
Formerly from Tasmania but kicked out to due other Human species. Moved to New Caledonia around 18,000 BC which kicked out the Nihonensis.

Religion.

Melanesian Church. Around 86% of the population practices this but some still practice ancient Melanesian religions.
Floating-point unit

A **floating-point unit** (**FPU**, colloquially a **math co-processor**) is a part of a computer system specially designed to carry out operations on floating-point numbers. Typical operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and square root. Some FPUs can also perform various transcendental functions such as exponential or trigonometric calculations, but the accuracy can be very low, so that some systems prefer to compute these functions in software.

In general-purpose computer architectures, one or more FPUs may be integrated as execution units within the central processing unit; however, many embedded processors do not have hardware support for floating-point operations (while they increasingly have them as standard, at least 32-bit ones).

## Types

When a CPU is executing a program that calls for a floating-point operation, there are three ways to carry it out:

* A **floating-point unit emulator** (or floating-point library), such as the Standard Apple Numerics Environment for early Macs.
* An **add-on FPU**, a dedicated hardware unit such as the Motorola 68882.
* An **integrated FPU**, included in processors such as the Motorola 68040, which made separate add-on FPUs obsolete.

## References

1. ↑ "The IBM System/360 Model 91: Floating-Point Execution Unit", *IBM Journal of Research and Development*, January 1967, pp. 34–53.
2. ↑ Bruce Dawson (2014-10-09). Intel Underestimates Error Bounds by 1.3 quintillion. randomascii.wordpress.com. Retrieved on 2020-01-16.
3. ↑ FSIN Documentation Improvements in the “Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer’s Manual”. intel.com (2014-10-09). Retrieved on 2020-01-16.

## External links

* Floating-Point Unit at the Free On-Line Dictionary Of Computing
* Floating-point unit at the Apple Wiki
* Floating-point unit at Wikipedia
Susan Barnes

**Susan Kelly Barnes** was the Chief Financial Officer of NeXT.

## Education

Barnes received a degree in archaeology from Bryn Mawr College in 1976. She received an M.B.A. from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.

## Career

### Apple Computer

Barnes joined Apple Computer in 1981 as the financial controller of the Macintosh division, first reporting to financial executive Debi Coleman and then directly to co-founder Steve Jobs. In 1985, Barnes and Coleman helped Jobs to get Apple to acquire a 19.99% stake in Adobe Systems, the developer of PostScript.

### NeXT

When Apple co-founder Steve Jobs left the company in 1985, Barnes also left and joined Jobs as a founding member of NeXT, where she became the Chief Financial Officer. In 1989, she helped arrange an investment of $100 million by Canon in exchange for a 16.7 percent stake in the company. Barnes married fellow Apple and NeXT colleague Bud Tribble. She left NeXT in 1991 to spend more time with her family, including a young new child.

### After NeXT

Barnes then became the chief financial officer of investment banking firm Richard C. Blum & Associates. She later served as CFO for Intuitive Surgical, a clinical robotics manufacturer, from 1997 to 2005. In February 2010, Barnes joined Pacific Biosciences, a DNA sequencing company, and helped it raise $200 million through an IPO in October 2010. She is also a trustee and member of the board of Bryn Mawr College.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 A Co-Founder of Next Is Quitting the Company by Andrew Pollack, *The New York Times*. 1991-05-04.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 With Susan Kelly Barnes ’76 at the Financial Helm, Pacific Biosciences Raises $200 Million in IPO, Bryn Mawr College. 2010-10-29.
3. ↑ Apple's origins: An oral history from inside the loop by Shara Tibken, CNET. 2019-04-01.
4. ↑ People by Rixstep, The NeXTonian. Accessed 2020-06-11.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Women From Apple's Early Days Recall Working With Steve Jobs by Ina Fried, Recode. 2015-11-02.
6. ↑ The women who helped develop the Mac by James Martin, CNET. 2015-11-03.

## External links

* Susan Barnes at the Apple Wiki
* Susan Barnes (computing) at Wikipedia

### Articles

* Steve Jobs' legacy includes the women he inspired by Shara Tibken at CNET (2015-11-02)
Kazumi Mishima

Die Seite ***Kazumi Mishima** ist gerade noch unter Bearbeitung. Du kannst dem Wiki helfen, indem du den Artikel erweiterst!*

**Übersicht**
Galerie

## Medien

### Debüt

**Visual Novel:** Kapitel 1, Part 1

**Kazumi Mishima** (三島 和己, *Mishima Kazumi*) ist ein Oberstufenlehrer an einer unbekannten Schule. Er wurde zusammen mit seiner ehemaligen Schülerin, Nao Egokoro, entführt um an dem Todesspiel teilzunehmen.

## Aussehen

Mishima hat graues Haar und trägt eine runde Brille.

Er trägt einen braunen Anzug und ein gelbes Oberteil darunter. Außerdem trägt er eine gestreifte Krawatte in den Farben grün und orange.

Er trägt so wie alle Teilnehmer, Floormaster und Dummies ein Halsband, das für Menschen angepasst wurde.

## Persönlichkeit

Mishima scheint es zu genießen sich komisch zu verhalten, um die anderen zu unterhalten.

Er hat, trotz seines Aussehen eine freundliche Persönlichkeit und versucht seine Schüler zu beschützen, was sich bei der Test-Mehrheitswahl im ersten Kapitel gezeigt hat.

## Geschichte

### Hintergrund

Mishima ist ein Kunst und Japanisch Oberstufenlehrer an einer unbekannten Schule. Manchmal gibt er seinen ehemaligen Schülern auch Kunstunterricht, so wie am Tag der Entführung.

### Am Tag der Entführung

Mishima hat seinen ehemaligen Schülern, unter anderem Nao, Kunstunterricht über Öl Zeichnungen gegeben. Nachdem sie fertig waren, fuhr Mishima seine Schüler nach Hause. Das letze, was vor seiner Entführung passiert ist, war das er nur noch Nao nach Hause fuhr.
Susan Kare

**Susan Kare** (born February 5, 1954) was the Creative Director at NeXT.

## Education

During high school Kare worked at a museum for designer Harry Loucks who introduced her to typography and graphic design. She graduated from Harriton High School in 1971, graduated *summa cum laude* with a B.A. in Art from Mount Holyoke College in 1975, and received a Ph.D. from New York University in 1978.

## Career

After completing her studies, Kare moved to San Francisco and worked for the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (FAMSF).

### Work at Apple

Kare joined Apple Computer in 1982 as employee #3978 after receiving a call from high school friend Andy Hertzfeld. She became a member of the original Macintosh design team, designing user interface graphics and fonts. Her business cards read "HI Macintosh Artist" (Human Interface). Later, she was a Creative Director in Apple Creative Services working for the Director of that organization, Tom Suiter.

### Work at NeXT

Kare left Apple in 1985 with several fellow employees to join Steve Jobs at his new startup NeXT. One of NeXT's clients was Microsoft for which she designed icons and graphics in Windows 3.0, including its Solitaire game. After the acquisition of NeXT by Apple Computer in 1996, Kare established her own independent design firm, with clients such as PayPal and Facebook.

## References

1. ↑ Andy Butler (2014-10-21). Interview with graphic designer Susan Kare. designboom.
2. ↑ Alex Soojung-Kim Pang (2001-02-19). Interview with Susan Kare. Stanford University. Archived from the original on 2010-03-11. Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Tobin, Janet. "Designer Susan Kare '75 Gives Pixels Personality", Mount Holyoke College, Summer 2001.
4. ↑ Wolf, Ron. The mother of the Mac trash can. *San Jose Mercury News*. Archived from the original on 2007-07-01. Retrieved on 2007-08-15.
5. ↑ Lemmons, Phil. "An Interview: The Macintosh Design Team", *BYTE*, February 1984, pp. 58. Retrieved on 22 October 2013.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 The Woman Behind Apple's First Icons by Zachary Crockett, Priceonomics. 2014-04-03.
7. ↑ In Conversation with Susan Kare: On Windows 3.0 Solitaire, Iconography, and Nostalgia, Areaware. 2016-09-28.

## External links

* Susan Kare Graphic Design
* Susan Kare Limited Edition Prints
* Susan Kare at Folklore
* Susan Kare at the Apple Wiki
* Susan Kare at Wikipedia
Rio Ranger

Die Seite ***Rio Ranger** ist gerade noch unter Bearbeitung. Du kannst dem Wiki helfen, indem du den Artikel erweiterst!*

**Übersicht**
Galerie

## Name

### Kanji

トト・ノエル, *Toto Noeru*, wortwörtlich "neu anordnen"

### Alias

* The Dressup Doll, Rio Ranger
* Rio Laizer

## Medien

### Debüt

Kapitel 2, Part 1

**Rio Ranger** (トト・ノエル, *Toto Noeru*, wortwörtlich "neu anordnen") ist der Floormaster des dritten Stockwerk.

## Persönlichkeit

Ranger verhält sich sehr dissozial, vorallem gegenüber Menschen. Er wurde mit Eifersucht gegenüber Menschen gemacht weshalb er die Teilnehmer gerne leiden sieht.
NeXTSTEP

**NeXTSTEP**, also stylized as **NEXTSTEP** and **NeXTstep**, is a Unix-based object-oriented operating system that was developed by NeXT and introduced with the first NeXT Computer in 1988.

## History

NeXTSTEP adapted Display PostScript from Adobe Systems for use as its graphics engine. The integration of PostScript into the operating system allowed the NeXT Laser Printer and Color Printer to be significantly simpler and cheaper, while still maintaining speed and WYSIWYG accuracy in their printed output. It was also the platform on which Tim Berners-Lee designed the World Wide Web, and on which id Software developed the video games *Doom* and *Quake*.

On December 20, 1996, Apple Computer announced that it would acquire NeXT. An open-source version of the NeXTSTEP API called OpenStep was used to develop Mac OS X as Apple's next operating system, but it replaced Display PostScript with a new PDF-based imaging model called Quartz to avoid paying licensing fees to Adobe. iOS and macOS can trace their developmental roots to NeXTSTEP as their APIs are prefixed with NS (NSObject, NSString, etc.).

## Video gallery

NeXTSTEP Release 3 DemoDemonstration by Steve JobsNeXTSTEP vs Mac OS X - System Demo and ComparisonOS X's Grandfather - A Brief Tour of NeXTSTEP - Software Showcase
## References

1. ↑ New from Adobe by Greg Scott, *University of Michigan Computing News*, vol.3, no.4, p.10-11. 1988-02-24.
2. ↑ NeXT Laser Printer by Kevin Ford, The Best of NeXT Collection. Accessed 2020-01-31.
3. ↑ NeXT Color Printer by Kevin Ford, The Best of NeXT Collection. Accessed 2020-01-31.
4. ↑ NeXT cube computer, 1990 by NeXT, Science Museum Group. Accessed 2020-02-01.
5. ↑ Apple-NeXT Merger Birthday! bu John Romero, Rome.ro. 2006-12-20.
6. ↑ GameTales: Cray 6400 by John Romero, Rome.ro. 2010-01-31.
7. ↑ Apple Computer, Inc. agrees to acquire NeXT Software Inc., Next Software. 1996-12-20. Archived 1997-04-12.
8. ↑ NeXT: Apple’s Right Choice by Jonathan Ploudre, Low End Mac. 2001-05-07.
9. ↑ Mac OS X and PDF by Laurens Leurs, Prepressure. 2013-08-09.
10. ↑ Apple and NeXT announce merger (1996) by mattl, Y Combinator Hacker News. 2017-12-20.

## External links

* OPENSTEP at NeXT (archived 1997-04-12)
	+ NEXTSTEP Products (archived 1997-04-13)
	+ NEXTSTEP at NeXTanswers (archived 1997-04-12)
* NeXT Software archive at NeXTComputers.org
* NeXT Software by Kevin Ford at The Best of NeXT Collection
* NeXTSTEP by Éric Lévénez (French)
* NEXTSTEP at Itoda / Object Factory
* NeXTSTEP and OPENSTEP resource page at Shaw Computing
* NeXTSTEP at the Adobe Wiki
* NeXTSTEP at the Apple Wiki
* NeXTSTEP at Wikipedia
Dorset Proto-culture

## Origins

There is archelogical evidence to show that *Homo Americanis* have been inhabiting the area now known as Newfoundland since approximately 40,000 years ago.

For most of history, they have been nomads, never settling in one place. This all changed in 14,000 BCE, when the event now known as the Beautiful Apocalypse occurred. Then, something changed, for better or for worse. If you wish to see a comprehensive list of protocultures known to us, then visit the list of protocultures.

## Characteristics

They are spread across all of Newfoundland but mostly stick to the coast. Their main source of sustenance are fish and mammoths. Over centuries they have bred the local mammoths to be smaller and fluffier and to have little to no horns.

## Beliefs

Over decades of reconstruction by the best archeologists and modern communities we now know that the Dorset belived that in the beginning, there was one great entity. How this entity split is not mentioned but we do know that it split into two spirits: Akut, and Tuka. Akut is the spirit associated with mammoths food, and all that is good. Akut cares for the Americanis, gives them food,water and shelter. Meanwhile, Tuka is a zealous spirit who hate the Americanis and associated with the cold. The two spirits regularly fight,and it was said that such fighting would cause major natural disasters, which is why the Dorset always pray to Akut, and Curse Tuka.
2-bit

**2-bit** refers to **two** binary (0 or 1) units of integer data. This allows for up to 4 combinations of values, typically from 0 to 3.

* 2-bit color allows for up to 4 grays, or 4 colors assigned by a color lookup table (CLUT). This is also referred to as the CGA standard by PC users. The original NeXT Computer displayed 4 shades of gray on the NeXT MegaPixel Display.
* 2-bit sound allows for a range of up to 4 values (−2 to +1) per sample (Hertz), though at the expense of introducing more quantization noise.

## References

1. ↑ What you think you know about bit-depth is probably wrong by Robert Triggs, Sound Guys. 2019-07-16.

## External links

* 2-bit at the Apple Wiki
* 2-bit computing at Wikipedia
Samurai Yaiba

Die Seite ***Samurai Yaiba** ist gerade noch unter Bearbeitung. Du kannst dem Wiki helfen, indem du den Artikel erweiterst!*
**Samurai Yaiba** ist die ehemalige Band von Reko Yabusame und ihrem älteren Bruder Alice Yabusame.

## Geschichte

Samurai Yaiba war eine Band mit vier Mitgliedern. Drei davon, also RECO, STRONGHOLD und URSHEEN haben Instrumente gespielt und Alice hat sich um die Songtexte und Organisation gekümmert.

Nach dem Mord von Alice an Sou Hiyori, wurde die Band aufgelöst da Reko zu schockiert war und nicht mehr für die Band singen konnte.

## Mitglieder

### RECO

Siehe auch: Reko Yabusame

RECO, oder auch Reko war die Vokalistin der Band.
Homo nihonensis philippinae

### Evolution

Arised from a group of H. Nihonensis ordinatus sailing from southern Japan to the island of Luzon around 150,000 BCE.

### Characteristics

Due to their lifestyle being based heavily around the sea, they became larger and sturdier as well as more resilient to disease than their cousins up north. This of course required more food to maintain, but the H. Nihonensis philippinae mainly lived off the sea and eating sea food, a niche most other humans did not fill, and thus could easily fulfill their needs. As such, their brains grew larger, granting them the ability to form more complex social structures their cousins couldn't adopt until much later. They later developed underwater sight (similar to the real life Moken people) because of their strong affiliation with the sea.
Homo neanderthalensis amazonae

What began as a somewhat large voyage from Cape Verde gone astray in a strom, ended up creating a new sub-species, who would end up dominating an entire continent.

## Homo neanderthalensis amazonae

### Evolution

They arose after a population of Homo Neanderthalensis from Cape Verde landed in the northeast region of Brazil in 100,000 BCE, quickly spreading through the northern coast and becoming genetically different from its parent species by 90,000 BCE. N. Amazonae formed riverside communities on the Amazon River, using it to travel in rudimentary boats, and were able to tame the indigenous animals and local fruits, vegetables and nuts of South America. Several proto-cultures emerged with migration that were capable of taming their regions of origin in a more advanced way

### Characteristics

Characterized by their short stature, lack of body hair, and powerful lungs adapted for diving, swimming and running, the N. Amazonae are one of the most adaptable species in the Americas as they were very capable of adapting to different climatic environments, like the tropical climate of the Amazon rainforest, the Sertão of northeast Brazil and colder climates of the Andes and Patagonia. The species is lactose tolerant.

The *amazonae* have, like many other neanderthal species, been forced to adapt their communication, due to their limited vocal abilities. They have done this by relying on sign language, expressive faces and sometimes by touch. This has made the N. Amazonae languages ​​very unique and extremely diverse, also due to the isolation of communities. However they have in Cape Verde's primordial Neanderthal language as ancestor. Their proto-cultures usually have more unified languages.

### Migration

The N. Amazonae are an expansionist people, they are able to expand and adapt well to other types of climate of South America. Due to their great diversity, there are Amazonae with more warlike tendencies and those with more diplomatic tendencies. There is an intense interaction with H. Ni. Americae, with intermixing populations or fighting with them for the dominance of northern Colombia.
Homo neanderthalensis bothnae

### Characteristics

The *Bothnae* is the tallest of the human species (many pre-historic cultures thought of them as giants), with the average male standing 191-195 cm tall and the women on average being 184-188 cm tall.

Like the Western Neanderthals they are usally fair skinned, with similar hair and eye colours. Their facial structure is however very different. They have larger skulls, their foreheads are larger and doesn't slope as much, their jaws are large (on par with Denisovan jaw), and they have chins more like Sapiens.

To compensate for their inability to form as many vowel sounds as other human species, they evovled a language primeraly based on clicking sounds. This would in turn be adopted by many cultures from other human species, such as western neanderthals and homo sapiens, thus creating the Bothnae-Language-Family.
Afternoon Drizzle

A drizzle in autumn brings cool temperatures, and pitter-patters upon flagstones.

## Vital Details

### Obtained From:

Crafting
 Purchase from Parven's Shop

**Afternoon Drizzle** can be obtained through crafting.

The blueprint is purchasable from Parven's Shop for 160 .

## Crafting

#### Crafted from

* 15 Captivated Listener
* 1 Night Descending
* 23 Silk
* 17 Wool

## Set

**Afternoon Drizzle** is part of the Autumn Street set.

The other parts of this set are Street Turn, Autumn Breeze, Autumn Street, Falling Leaves, Slow Steps, Lightly Cloudy, and City Basket.
OpenStep

**OpenStep**, also stylized as **OPENSTEP**, is an open-source API derived from the NeXTSTEP operating system that was developed by NeXT.

After Apple Computer announced in December 1996 that it would acquire NeXT, OpenStep was used to develop Mac OS X, code named *Rhapsody*, as Apple's next operating system. iOS and macOS can trace their developmental roots to NeXTSTEP as their APIs are prefixed with NS (NSObject, NSString, etc.).

## References

1. ↑ Apple Computer, Inc. agrees to acquire NeXT Software Inc., Next Software. 1996-12-20. Archived 1997-04-12.
2. ↑ NeXT: Apple’s Right Choice by Jonathan Ploudre, Low End Mac. 2001-05-07.
3. ↑ Apple and NeXT announce merger (1996) by mattl, Y Combinator Hacker News. 2017-12-20.

## External links

* OPENSTEP at NeXT (archived 1997-04-12)
	+ NEXTSTEP Products (archived 1997-04-13)
	+ OPENSTEP at NeXTanswers (archived 1997-04-12)
* OPENSTEP Software archive at NeXTComputers.org
* OPENSTEP at Itoda / Object Factory
* OpenStep and Solaris White Paper by Kevin Ford at The Best of NeXT Collection
* NeXTSTEP and OPENSTEP resource page at Shaw Computing
* OpenStep at the Apple Wiki
* OpenStep at Wikipedia
Proto-Homo-Sapien

**Base**: Arabic (A lot of Human names for gods and religions were in Arabic due to Levantine placing, Hebrew was the other choice but it wouldn’t show me the latinised form)

**Dictionary**:

Proto gods :-

High god:Thabane Al-maa

God of death (Is a dog): Almot Al-Kab

Tribal spirits: Faraka Al-Arwah

Underworld: Ardh Kalab.
Your Turn to Die Wiki

**Dieses Wiki basiert auf die originale, japanische Version und der unoffiziellen, englischen Version, da zu dem jetzigen Zeitpunkt keine deutsche Übersetzung vorhanden ist.**

Willkommen auf dem Fanwiki
**Das Wiki enthält massive Spoiler für die Your Turn to Die Reihe. Lese mit bedacht!**Willkommen auf dem Your Turn To Die Wiki. Wir sind eine unoffizielle, deutsche enzyklopädische Datenbank für die Kimi Ga Shine Reihe. Unser Ziel ist, eine vertrauenswürdige Datenbank zu werden. Du kannst uns helfen, indem du Inhalte hinzufügst und bearbeitest. Wir freuen uns auf jeden Beitrag!

Du möchtest nur etwas durch die Seiten stöbern und hast keine Lust gewisse Begriffe in die Suchleiste einzugeben? Dann schau am besten bei der Kategorie "Wiki" vorbei.

Seit dem 26. März 2019 gibt es Manga Adaption, welche von Tatsuya Ikegami gezeichnet wird.
Sara Chidouin wurde zusammen mit ihrem besten Freund, Joe Tazuna, von einer mysteriösen Organisation entführt, um an einem Todesspiel teilzunehmen. Sie sind mit 10 weiteren Teilnehmern in einer Einrichtig gefangen, welcher keinen Ausgang hat. Sie können nichts tun, außer mitzuspielen..

Charaktere

**und mehr..**

Links
* offizielle Seite
* offizielle Spielseite auf niconico
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