Chapter 79: On The Threshold

*One of the great paradoxes that comes from the study of history is that historians are forced to simultaneously speak in both concrete and abstract terms. We say 'the society decided to change' at the same time as we speak of the leaders making specific decisions. But the* society *did not decide to change. The Hooligans of Berk, for example, did not, as some abstract whole, decide to adopt dragons and grow to become the core of a new sovereign nation over the next five years. Nor did then-Chief Stoick's decision to allow for the adoption of dragons force this decision. No.* Individuals *within that society decided to change, in how they acted or how they viewed the world, while others did not. And yet we are forced to speak in the aggregate, the cumulative, taking the broad trend of the social unit and applying it to all members inside. We can recognize the individual dissenters when their dissent from the mean is sufficient to stand out, and yet this very recognition paints a degree of uniformity on the rest that is both unrealistic and unearned.*

*Furthermore, referring to the aggregate of the society in the abstract creates a false impression of their numbers, simply due to the common fallacies of equivocation and false equivalence (i.e. we call them the same thing, ergo we see them as being roughly the same). We project ourselves and our own modern expectations and experiences with current political entities onto the past, despite those historical units being vastly smaller, simpler, and less developed). We speak of the Byzantine Empire and the North Sea Empire as two simple units. Due to the difficulties that many have with comprehending large numbers and larger scales, the typical comprehension of the concept of "Empire" lends itself to a false equivalence, that one Empire is much like another Empire in size, population, economy, culture and so forth, but that mental abstraction again does a disservice in scale. To illustrate, consider that, in AD 1040, there were more people occupying Constantinople and the Thracian farmland immediately outside the city's famous walls than there were in all of the island of Eire in that same year. Meanwhile, Sweden, Norway and Denmark together had less than a million people combined, while the city of Baghdad alone had over a million people sheltering behind its walls. And again, in making such comparisons, we fall prey to the lure of the abstract, of referencing the masses of otherwise anonymous people as conglomerate wholes.*

*But at the same time, such abstraction is necessary; we do not have the data to be able to conclusively say that, out of the approximately 300,000 Albans who lived under King Mac Bethad's rule, 68,821 agreed with his stated desire for continued independence from Berk's influence, while another 121,749 would have been happier if he had made overtures of integration prior to his fatal duel with Astrid clan Haddock. Such precision is not available to us and we are thus forced to speak in the abstract and the aggregate, erasing the heterogeneous beliefs and attitudes of entire generations—save those individuals who had the foresight to record their thoughts, or the impact that inspired others to record them.*

*—To Label The Stars: The Cultural Impact Of Names, Kyoto University Press, Ltd.*

## Major Events

* Duckquack finds out Duke William doesn't know how to read, and offers to teach him.
* Kerr, Finnlagh, and several other fishermen from Bun Ilidh sneak away and attempt to contact Berk at the Inbhir Nis Dragon Mail station, but the stationmaster turns them in to Mac Bethad. Kerr is the only one to escape, and Mac Bethad orders Taskill to have Dagur hunt him down.
* Viggo uses the mercenaries hired with his newfound wealth to quickly conquer Algeciras.
* Reacting to Dogsbreath's news from the last chapter, Snotlout gets drunk and goes to a brothel. Gudmund finds him and brings him home, but not before Kormak catches them and blackmails Snotlout with the secret.
* Esther and her siblings arrive in Berk and meet Bladewit.
* With Snotlout translating, Dogsbreath explains about the approaching Hooligan fleet, and takes an oath to the Empress joining the Imperial Army.

## Characters

### Humans

* William of Normandy
* Duckquack Hensteethsson
* Kerr
* Finnlagh
* Viggo Grimborn
* Adalwin ua Imair
* Delilah
* Snotlout clan Jorgenson
* Gudmund Hallvarsson
* Kormak Brandrsson
* Unnamed Alban mail station attendant
* Esther bat Rivkah clan Haddock
* Stoick the Vast
* Gunnar Bræsisson
* Demetrius Pachis
* Harald Sigurdsson
* Mac Bethad
* Taskill Thaddeusson
* Maor ben Dovid
* Bracha bat Rivkah
* Rivkah
* Bladewit Drorsdóttir
* Dogsbreath Rolfsson
* Inga Roswynnsdóttir
* Theodora Porphyrogenita
* Hiccup clan Haddock

### Dragons

* Thornado
* Toothless

## Analysis

### Epigraph Tie-In

* The epigraph mentions that many more of the people under Mac Bethad's rule would have been happier being integrated into Berk than stay independent. The chapter shows a small group of Albans led by Kerr trying to warn Berk of what Mac Bethad did because of all the abuses inflicted on them in Mac Bethad's name.