照明控制系统设计，第一部分：编程

以下内容由114-张海琳翻译：

EDUCATION CREDIT

At the end of this course, participants
will be able to complete an online exam, with a passing grade of 70+% to
qualify for CALCTP (CALCTP),    NLCAA
(NLCAA) and LEU (NCQLP) credit and 80+% for LU/HSW hours (AIA/CES). Upon a
passing grade, you will be able to download a Certificate  of Completion for each type of credits. For
CALCTP, NLCAA and LC certification maintenance (LEUs), credits are self-reported.
For AIA /CES,   Lighting Controls
Association will report credit earned for this course to AIA CES.

教育学分

在本课程结束时, 参与学习的同学要完成线上的测试,合格成绩达到70％以上才有资格获得
CALCTP (CALCTP), NLCAA (NLCAA)和LEU (NCQLP)学分并且LU/HSW(AIA/CES)学时要达到80%以上.达到及格分数后，您将可以下载每种学分的结业证书。用于CALCTP，NLCAA和LC认证（LEU），学分是自己报备给AIA /CES,照明控制协会向AIA /CES报告该课程学生所获得的学分。

NO ENDORSEMENT BY ACCREDITING
ORGANIZATIONS

This course is registered with NCQLP and
AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include
content that may be deemed  or construed
to be an approval or endorsement by these organizations of any material of construction
or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any
material or product.

没有认证组织的认可

本课程已在NCQLP和AIA CES注册为继续专业教育课程。因此，它不包括可能被视为或解释为这些组织对任何建筑材料或任何材料或产品的处理、使用、分发或交易的方法或方式的批准或认可的内容。

COPYRIGHT

This presentation is protected by US and
International copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of
the presentation without written permission of the Lighting Controls
Association is prohibited.

版权声明

本演示文稿受美国和国际版权法的保护。 未经照明控制协会的书面许可，禁止复制、分发、展示和使用本演示文稿。

DISCLAIMER

The information contained in this course
has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. Damages arising from
errors, omissions or damages as a result of the use or misuse of the data or
information contained in this course are not the responsibility of the Lighting
Controls Association, National Electrical Manufacturers Association, ZING
Communications, Inc. or their employees or members. All information contained
in this course is published for professionals seeking information about the
subjects contained therein. It is not the intent of this course provide
professional services  such as design,
engineering or consulting. If these services are sought, they should be
rendered by properly trained, registered, regulated and     insured professionals.

免责声明

本课程中包含的信息是从被认为可靠的来源获得的。由于使用或误用本课程中包含的数据或信息而导致的错误、遗漏或损害，照明控制协会、美国国家电气制造商协会、ZING通信公司或其员工或会员不承担任何责任。本课程中包含的所有信息都是为寻求其中主题信息的专业人士而发布的。本课程的目的不是提供专业服务，如设计、工程或咨询。如果需要这些服务，则应由经过适当培训、注册、监管和投保的专业人士提供。

COURSE
DESCRIPTION

A good lighting design requires a good
controls design, and the first step in its development is to determinewhat the
owner wants, how the building and its spaces will be used and illuminated, and
other requirements such as energy and safety codes.

This is called the programming or
pre-design phase of the project, and the information collected informs the
design of its lighting and control
solutions. As many projects begin with a series of unknowns, the process
of collecting information about owner project requirements may continue    into the conceptual design phase and even
later. The programming phase is also an opportunity to get the owner educated
and excited about lighting controls, and associate their use with a greater
philosophy of saving energy, environmental responsibility and maximizing
occupant satisfaction.

Lighting Control System Design, Part 1:
Programming provides knowledge participants can use to determine comprehensive
and accurate written owner project requirements related to lighting and
controls.

课程说明

一个好的照明设计需要一个好的控制设计，其开发的第一步是确定业主的要求，建筑及其空间的使用和照明方式，以及其他要求，如能源和安全规范。这被称为项目的编程或预设计阶段，收集的信息为其照明和控制方案的设计提供了参考。由于许多项目开始时都有一系列的未知数，收集业主项目需求信息的过程可能会持续到概念设计阶段，甚至更晚。编程阶段也是一个机会，让业主对照明控制进行教育和激发，并将其与节能、环保责任和最大限度地提高住户满意度的更大理念联系起来。照明控制系统设计，第1部分。为学员提供可用于确定与照明和控制相关的全面、准确的书面业主项目要求的知识。

LEARNING
OBJECTIVES

At the end of the course, participants will
be able to:understand the importance of determining comprehensive and accurate
written owner project requirements related to lighting controls. ask productive
questions of clients to help determine their requirements, from building and
space use to lighting needs.

have the background they need to ensure
that certain requirements are well tended to produce desired results, such as
energy management and sustainability, ease of maintenance and user
expectations.

develop the information they need to
produce a lighting control design that will satisfy the owner and users.

学习目标

在课程结束时，学员将能够：了解确定与照明控制相关的全面和准确的书面业主项目要求的重要性，向客户提出富有成效的问题，以帮助确定他们的要求，从建筑和空间使用到照明需求，拥有所需的背景知识，以确保某些要求得到很好的处理，以产生预期的结果，如能源管理和可持续性，易于维护和用户期望。开发他们所需的信息，以生产出令业主和用户满意的照明控制设计。

PROGRAMMING
THE PROJECT

The more information that can be collected
about owner requirements, the greater likelihood a design will beproduced that
achieves desired outcomes. Primary questions to be answered during the
programming phase include:

What are the owner's vision, needs and
wants for the project?

Who are the users of each space, and how
will they use these spaces? How will the spaces be lighted, including
daylighting?

What are the opportunities, requirements
and expectations for lighting control, including integration with other
building systems? What external requirements such as codes, standards and
regulations must be followed?

What limitations impose boundaries for the
controls design, such as budget?

项目方案编制

收集到的有关业主要求的信息越多，设计就越有可能达到预期的结果。在方案编制阶段需要回答的主要问题包括：业主对项目的愿景、需求和愿望是什么？每个空间的用户是谁，他们将如何使用这些空间？这些空间将如何采光，包括日光照明？照明控制的机会、要求和期望是什么，包括与其他建筑系统的整合？必须遵循哪些外部要求，如规范、标准和法规？哪些限制给控制设计带来了边界，比如预算？

PROGRAMMING

One approach to programming is to begin
with the project as a whole, covering generalneeds, and then proceed to
individual spaces and systems. Regarding the project as a whole, at a minimum,
the following should be answered.

What is the purpose of the facility?

Is the project new construction or
renovation of an existing facility? What is the facility's operating schedule?

What are the client's energy and
sustainability goals? What are the client's maintenance goals?

What codes, standards and regulations are
in effect? How much flexibility is required for future expansion? What is the
project schedule and budget?

What are the client's requirements for
training and documentation? Will the building be commissioned?

程式设计

一种方案编制方法是先从整个项目开始，涵盖一般需求，然后再着手处理各个空间和系统。关于整个项目，至少应回答以下问题：

该设施的目的是什么？

该项目是新建还是改造现有设施？

该设施的运行时间表是什么？

客户的能源和可持续性目标是什么？

客户的维护目标是什么？

有哪些规范、标准和法规在实施？

未来扩建需要多大的灵活性？

项目进度和预算是多少？

客户对培训和文件的要求是什么？

建筑物是否会投入使用？

PROGRAMMING

The next step is to program each individual
space. Below is a list of suggested questions that should be answered at a
minimum:

What types of tasks will occupants perform?
What is the likely pattern of use for the space?

What are the interests and behavior of the
occupants? What are the room dimensions?

What are the lighting requirements,
including light levels and type of system? What are the daylighting conditions,
including daylight apertures and coverage? What are the characteristics of
surfaces and furnishings?

What degree of control do users require
over their light levels?

Looking at variable and future space use,
what degree of flexibility is required? What are the opportunities for saving
energy with lighting controls?

程式设计

下一步是对每个独立空间进行编程。下面是一份建议的问题清单，至少应该回答这些问题。居住者将执行什么类型的任务？

空间可能的使用模式是什么？

居住者的兴趣和行为是什么？

房间的尺寸是多少？

照明要求是什么，包括光照水平和系统类型？

日光条件是什么，包括日照孔径和覆盖率？

表面和家具的特点是什么？

用户需要在多大程度上控制其光照水平？

从可变的和未来的空间使用来看，需要什么程度的灵活性？

利用照明控制节约能源的机会是什么？

PROGRAMMING

The answers to these questions may readily
reveal opportunities to apply various controlstrategies. For example, if the
space is small, enclosed and intermittently occupied, it might be well suited
for occupancy sensor-based control. If users work in an open office and want
control over their light levels, and the owner places a high value on creative
output, there may be an opportunity to provision personal dimming control to
support occupant satisfaction. And if high, consistent daylight availability in
significant areas, daylight harvesting may be economical.

Image courtesy of WattStopper

程式设计

对这些问题的回答可能很容易揭示出应用各种控制策略的机会。例如，如果空间狭小、封闭且断断续续有人居住，可能很适合采用基于占用传感器的控制方式。
如果用户在开放式办公室工作，并希望控制他们的光照水平，而业主又高度重视创造性的产出，那么就有可能提供个人调光控制，以支持用户的满意度。而如果在相当多的地区有较高的、稳定的日光供应，则日光采集可能是经济的。

PROGRAMMING

More specific questions related to the
desired lighting control system are shown below and will aid in producing an
effective control design.

What types of devices and systems are
desired?

Does the project require standalone
solutions or a lighting network?

What are the owner's expectations
concerning energy savings and occupant satisfaction (including ease of use)?
What level of control zoning (lighting loads assigned to specific controllers)
will be required?

Will the lighting control system be
required to integrate with other building systems?

Are there specific owner requirements
regarding programming, settings, special features, manufacturers and warranty?

Will the control system be performance
tested, and if so, what specific tests will be required and what are the
acceptance criteria?

程式设计

与所需照明控制系统相关的更多具体问题如下所示，这将有助于产生有效的控制设计。

需要哪些类型的设备和系统？

该项目是需要独立的解决方案还是照明网络？

业主对节能和住户满意度（包括使用方便程度）的期望是什么？

需要什么程度的控制分区（将照明负荷分配给特定的控制器）？

照明控制系统是否需要与其他建筑系统集成？

在编程、设置、特殊功能、制造商和保修方面是否有特定的业主要求？

控制系统是否会进行性能测试，如果会，需要进行哪些具体测试，验收标准是什么？

ENERGY
MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY

Automatic lighting controls are specified
to save energy. As energy-saving devices, they are

required as part of lighting control
strategies mandated by commercial building energy codes and encouraged by green
building rating systems such as LEED.

Energy savings are fairly simple to
calculate. Automatic shutoff control savings can be calculated as OFF time
(hours, or h) x lighting demand (kilowatts, or kW) x average cost/kWh. Dimming
savings can be calculated as average annual reduction in input wattage based on
ongoing dimming (%) x full-output kWh x average cost/kWh. Peak demand savings
can be calculated as both occurring during daily, monthly and annual peaks.

能源管理和可持续性

自动照明控制是为了节约能源而指定的。作为节能设备，它们是作为商业建筑能源法规规定的照明控制策略的一部分，并受到绿色建筑评级系统（如LEED）的鼓励。能源节约的计算相当简单。自动关机控制的节能可以计算为关机时间（小时，或小时）x照明需求（千瓦，或千瓦）x平均成本/千瓦时。调光节省的费用可以计算为：基于持续调光的输入瓦数年平均减少量（%）x全输出千瓦时x平均成本/千瓦时。峰值需求节约可以按每日、每月和每年峰值期间发生的情况来计算。

ENERGY
MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY

What can be challenging is predicting
energy savings, as control savings are typically variable based on application
characteristics. The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) analyzed 240
energy savings estimates from 88 papers and case studies. Using filtering to
focus on lighting energy savings only produced by lighting controls only in
actual field installations only (as field simulations were found to
overestimate savings),    LBNL produced
best estimates of average lighting energy savings for these strategies, which
are shown below. Other sections of Education Express cite other studies
applicable to various strategies as suggestive.

能源管理和可持续性

预测节能可能是一项挑战，因为控制节能量通常会根据应用特点而变化。劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室(LBNL)分析了来自88篇论文和案例研究的240项节能估算。使用过滤法只关注实际现场安装的照明控制所产生的照明节能（因为现场模拟被发现高估了节能效果），LBNL得出了这些策略的平均照明节能的最佳估计值，如下图所示。《教育快报》的其他部分引用了适用于各种策略的其他研究作为提示。

EASE OF
MAINTENANCE

Designers of lighting control systems need
to give as much weight to operational continuity as initial

installation, requiring design of systems
that are easy to use and maintain. Over time, facility operators may find the
system's programming difficult to change, lose passwords, etc. In cases such as
this, operators and users may override the system to keep things running,
voiding the design intent and negating energy savings.

The designer should learn who will be
maintaining the system and ensure that the controls can be easily understood
and maintained by that party.

Additionally, the designer should provision
for functional testing, training and a systems manual.

Image courtesy of Schneider Electric

易于维护

照明控制系统的设计者需要像初始安装一样重视运行的连续性，要求设计的系统易于使用和维护。随着时间的推移，设施操作人员可能会发现系统的程序难以更改，密码丢失等。在这样的情况下，操作人员和用户可能会凌驾于系统之上来维持运行，使设计意图失效，否定了节能效果。

设计者应了解谁来维护系统，并确保控制措施能被该方轻松理解和维护。

此外，设计者还应该为功能测试、培训和系统手册做好准备。

图片由施耐德电气提供

以下内容由104-谢文韬翻译：

USER
EXPECTATIONS

Occupant acceptance is critical for the
ongoing viability of a lighting control system, particularly

regarding automatic controls whose effects,
if misapplied, could be regarded as intrusive. In situations like this,
occupants may attempt to bypass the controls, negating the design intent and
associated energy savings.

The designer should ensure that manual
lighting controls are easy to use, lighting is zoned to controllers in a way
that makes sense, automatic shutoff controls are easy to override, and
automatic control effects are as transparent (nonintrusive) as possible.

用户期望

住户的接受度对照明控制系统的持续可行性至关重要，特别是
自动控制的效果，如果应用不当，可能会被认为是干扰性的。在这种情况下，居住者可能会试图绕过控制装置，从而否定了设计意图和相关的能源节约。

设计师应该确保手动照明控制易于使用，照明以合理的方式被分配到控制器上，自动关闭控制易于覆盖，自动控制效果尽可能透明（非侵入式）。

ECONOMIC
CONSIDERATIONS

In most new construction and renovation
projects, certain lighting control strategies are

required by commercial building energy
codes. Application of these strategies in actual design, and going beyond code,
poses an expense that must be justified through economic gains such as energy
cost savings, greater user satisfaction and a higher level of building
marketability and value. A number of metrics are used to justify proposals,
including simple payback and return on investment, lifecycle costing and net
present value.

经济方面的考虑

在大多数新建和翻新项目中，某些照明控制策略是
在实际设计中应用这些策略，并超越规范的要求，必须通过经济效益来证明其合理性，如节约能源成本、提高用户满意度以及提高建筑的市场竞争力和价值。在实际设计中应用这些策略，并超越规范的要求，所产生的费用必须通过经济效益来证明，如节约能源成本、提高用户满意度、提高建筑的市场化程度和价值。一些指标被用来证明提案的合理性，包括简单的投资回报率和投资回报、生命周期成本计算和净现值。

ECONOMIC
CONSIDERATIONS

For comparison purposes in an existing building,
the baseline is the existing system with

return on investment based on how fast
energy savings recover the installed cost. For a new building, the baseline is
a minimum code-compliant design or the system as currently designed, with cost
limited to the premium for the advanced solution.

Detailed analysis can be accomplished via
modeling based on collected field data (existing building, using submeters,
light loggers, etc.) or predictive assumptions (new building).

After installation, power monitoring
(separate submeters or built-in capability of advanced control systems) can be
useful for energy savings verification purposes.

经济方面的考虑

为了在现有建筑中进行比较，基线是现有的系统，投资回报率是基于能源节约收回安装成本的速度。对于新建筑，基线是符合最低标准的设计或目前设计的系统，成本仅限于先进解决方案的溢价。

详细的分析可以通过基于收集到的现场数据（现有建筑，使用子表、光记录仪等）或预测性假设（新建筑）的建模来完成。

安装后，功率监测（单独的子电表或先进控制系统的内置功能）可以用于节能验证目的。

INTEGRATION
WITH OTHER BUILDING SYSTEMS

Lighting control systems may be tasked with
integration with other building systems such as A/V, shade and

building management systems. This could be
as simple as using occupancy sensors and lighting control panels with outputs
that can handle other loads such as HVAC. Alternately, centrally managed
lighting control systems can be integrated with building automation systems,
providing unified control and information sharing across these
systems—enabling, for example, the security system to respond to an input from
a lighting control input such as an occupancy sensor.

To ensure these systems can communicate, a
common protocol is required, either by selecting systems designed to the same
protocol (e.g., BACnet) or via installation of gateway devices, which may be
standalone devices or built into a lighting control panel.

与其他建筑系统的整合。

照明控制系统可能会承担与其他建筑系统的集成任务，如A/V、遮阳和照明系统。楼宇管理系统。这可以是简单的使用占用传感器和带输出的照明控制面板，可以处理其他负载，如HVAC。另外，集中管理的照明控制系统可以与楼宇自动化系统集成，为这些系统提供统一的控制和信息共享--例如，安防系统可以响应来自照明控制输入的输入，如占用传感器。

为了确保这些系统能够进行通信，需要一个共同的协议，可以选择按照相同协议设计的系统（如BACnet），或者通过安装网关设备，这些设备可以是独立的设备，也可以是内置在照明控制面板中。

YOU’RE
FINISHED

This concludes The American Institute of
Architects Continuing Education Systems Course Lighting Control System Design,
Part 1: Programming.

Please take a moment to provide feedback
about your experience with this course.

You may also take the Comprehension Test to
test your learning and to qualify for LEU (NCQLP LC) and LU/HSW (AIA CES)
credit. A 70+% passing grade is required for LEU credit and 80+% for AIA CES
credit. Upon passing the test, you may download a Certificate of Completion on
the Courses page. If you are an AIA member, please email your course completion
certificate to LCA with your AIA number.

你完成了

美国建筑师协会继续教育系统课程《照明控制系统设计第一部分：编程》到此结束。

请花点时间提供有关本课程经验的反馈。

您也可以参加理解测试，以测试您的学习情况，并有资格获得LEU（NCQLP LC）和LU/HSW（AIA CES）学分。LEU学分要求70％以上的合格成绩，AIA CES学分要求80％以上的合格成绩。通过考试后，您可以在课程页面下载结业证书。如果您是AIA会员，请将您的课程结业证书连同您的AIA编号一起发到LCA。

EE 105: Lighting Control System Design -
Part 1: Programming

EE 105：照明控制系统设计--第1部分。编程