Red-brown alliances in 20th century

Red-brown alliances are not accusations of crypto-fascism, but refer to when values are compromised for short-term gains and or tense neutrality which ends up getting other communists imprisoned or killed. Often these temporary agreements and short-lived treaties are highly unstable and often are unpredictable when one party decides to break away. Not being principled in internationalism often leads to splits in socialist movements and feelings of betrayal.

## **Red-Brown Alliances in 20th Century**

* French Communist Party salutes brotherhood between “French Workers and German Soldiers” during the Nazi occupation of France (*Travailleurs Français et Soldats Allemands* in L’Humanité 4 July 1940) https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k879187h/f2.item.r=humanite%20clandestine.langFR [FR]
* French Communist Party negotiated with Nazis to legalize their newspaper during Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, using antisemitic arguments: http://www.alainpelosato.com/POURGIVORS/pcfnazis.html
* Stalin helped Mussolini colonize East Africa: *C.L.R. JAMES IN IMPERIAL BRITAIN, 1932-38* http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14135/1/516547.pdf [PDF, 38.3MB, EN] (p. 188)
	+ Kazem-Bek, leader of the Mladorossi, later became an “anti-cosmopolitan”: https://books.google.com/books?id=rZ-usH8e6AEC&pg=PA98&lpg=PA98&dq=kazembek+article+american+culture&source=bl&ots=RzdP5iiY2p&sig=ACfU3U1ymq89HhNR2w4dLXNJOXNwoUeX1A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiD9bixpbDqAhWOXM0KHZ7RCpwQ6AEwAHoECA0QAQ#v=onepage&q=kazembek%20article%20american%20culture&f=false

* “Mao Zedong, Founding Father of the People’s Republic of China, Conspired with the Japanese Army” by Endo Homare https://www.japanpolicyforum.jp/diplomacy/pt20160517095311.html [EN]
* "Remembering the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact" by Darian Worden https://c4ss.org/content/51236 [EN] (left-market anarchist publication)

### **Research articles**

* “The Franco regime’s contradiction: Its foreign policy toward Cuba” by Hosoda Haruko https://web.archive.org/web/20150910004606/https://dspace.wul.waseda.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2065/32431/1/WasedaGlobalForum\_05\_Hosoda.pdf [PDF, 748 KB, EN]
* “Nationalist Propaganda in the Soviet Russian Press, 1939-1941” by Ewa M. Thompson https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2eab/8982afea23cfdae3b8030a3593f54f130270.pdf+and+https://www.jstor.org/stable/2500213?seq=1 [PDF, 368 KB, EN]
* “The French Left and the Rif War, 1924-25: Racism and the Limits of Internationalism” by David H. Slavin https://sci-hub.se/https://www.jstor.org/stable/260628?seq=1 [PDF, 507kb, EN]
* “Towards a Fourth Reich? The History of National Bolshevism in Germany” by Klemens von Klemperer https://sci-hub.st/10.2307/1404764 [PDF, 828kb, EN]
* "National Bolshevism In Weimar Germany: Alliance Of Political Extremes Against Democracy" by Abraham Ascher and Guenter Lewy https://sci-hub.st/10.2307/40982479 [PDF, 2MB, EN]
* “The Soviet Role in League Sanctions Against Italy, 1935-36” by Lowell R. Tillett https://sci-hub.st/10.2307/3004275 [PDF, 292kb, EN]
* “The Finnish Communists and the Winter War” by Kimmo Rentola https://sci-hub.st/10.1177/002200949803300408 [PDF, 1MB, EN]
* “China's relations with Chile under Allende: A case study of Chinese foreign policy in transition” by William A. Joseph https://sci-hub.st/10.1016/0039-3592(85)90003-1 [PDF, 2.28MB, EN]
* “Italo-Soviet Military Cooperation in 1933 and 1934: Manifestations of Cordiality” by Jay Clarke https://www.academia.edu/5947459/ITALO\_SOVIET\_MILITARY\_COOPERATION\_IN\_1933\_AND\_1934\_MANIFESTATIONS\_OF\_CORDIALITY [EN]
* "Stalin and the Comintern during the ’Third Period’, 1928-33" by Kevin McDermott https://sci-hub.st/10.1177/026569149502500304 [PDF, 1MB, EN]
* "A. K. Chesterton, the Strasser Brothers and the Politics of the National Front" by David L. Baker [EN]

### **News articles**

* “Soviets Confirm Nazi Pacts Dividing Europe” by Esther B. Fein https://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/19/world/soviets-confirm-nazi-pacts-dividing-europe.html [EN] (archived: https://archive.vn/KxDO2, owned by the New York Times Company)
* "Castro's Roots in Spain" by James M. Markham https://www.nytimes.com/1979/11/18/archives/castros-roots-in-spain-castro.html [EN] (archived: https://archive.vn/AQXEr, owned by the New York Times Company)
* “‘Eat the Children’: Decades of Far-Right LaRouche Provocations Renewed” by Dan Fiedt https://unicornriot.ninja/2019/eat-the-children-decades-of-far-right-LaRouche-provocations-renewed/ [EN]
* “Lyndon LaRouche, Conspiracy Theorist Who Led ‘Cult,’ Dies at 96” by Laurence Arnold https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-02-13/lyndon-larouche-conspiracy-theorist-who-led-cult-dies-at-96 [EN]
* “How a Soviet Triple Agent Recruited New Spies in the West” by Michael Wiess and Anton Shekhovtsov https://www.thedailybeast.com/leaked-kgb-manual-reveals-how-soviet-spies-recruited-in-europe [EN]
* «Гестапо + НКВД: совместные предприятия чекистов и нацистов» Дмитрий Волчек» https://www.svoboda.org/a/29704294.html [RU] (funded by U.S. Agency for Global Media); "Gestapo + NKVD: a joint venture of the KGB and the Nazis" http://micetimes.asia/gestapo-nkvd-a-joint-venture-of-the-kgb-and-the-nazis/ [EN]
* “Hamburg streitet über den Ehrenbürger Wehner” von Uwe Bahnsen https://www.welt.de/regionales/hamburg/article116707825/Hamburg-streitet-ueber-den-Ehrenbuerger-Wehner.html [DE]
* “Russian links to European far-Right date back to 1920s, says Anton Shekhovtsov” https://budapestbeacon.com/russian-links-to-european-far-right-date-back-to-1920s-says-anton-shekhovtsov/ [EN] (owned by Real Reporting Foundation)
* “Kyösti Kallio yhdisti punaiset ja valkoiset” https://www.iltalehti.fi/talvisota/a/2009120410612288 [FI]
* “Strange Ties: The Stasi and the Neo-Fascists” by Martin A. Lee https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-sep-10-op-18655-story.html  [EN]
* “日本学者：中共与日军共谋对抗国军” 童倩 https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/world/2015/12/151225\_japan\_professor\_book [ZH] (British state-owned media)
* "Castro Helped the Devil in Argentina" by Marcos Margolis https://web.archive.org/web/20201111211328/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2014-11-24/castro-helped-the-devil-in-argentina [EN] (owned by Bloomberg L.P.); "How Fidel Castro secretly helped the devil in Argentina" by Marcos Margolis https://tulsaworld.com/how-fidel-castro-secretly-helped-the-devil-in-argentina/article\_f5a9301e-5462-52e5-a183-b3aac6fe2b65.html {EN] (owned by Lee Enterprises)
* "The long game of the European New Right" by Matthew Sharpe https://theconversation.com/the-long-game-of-the-european-new-right-75078 [EN]

### **Magazine articles**

* “The Utterly Bizarre Life of Lyndon LaRouche” by Paul Heideman https://www.jacobinmag.com/2019/02/the-utterly-bizarre-life-of-lyndon-larouche [EN]
* “Here’s an Insane Story About Roger Stone, Lyndon LaRouche, Vladimir Putin, and the Queen of England” by Shilpa Jindia https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2018/12/lyndon-larouche-roger-stone-russia-robert-mueller/ [EN]
* “The American Roots of a Right-Wing Conspiracy” by Andrew Woods https://communemag.com/the-american-roots-of-a-right-wing-conspiracy/ [EN]
* “The Fascist and the Preacher: Gerald L. K. Smith and Francis Parker Yockey in Cold War–Era Los Angeles” by Anthony Mostrom https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/the-fascist-and-the-preacher-gerald-l-k-smith-and-francis-parker-yockey-in-cold-war-era-los-angeles/ [EN]
* “Over the Border” by Tatu Ahponen https://jacobinmag.com/2018/08/finnish-communist-party-socialism-cold-war [EN]
* “On Gutter Journalism and Purported ‘Anti-Imperialism’” by Gilbert Achcar https://newpol.org/on-gutter-journalism-and-purported-anti-imperialism/ [EN]

* "What is the Third Position?" by Chip Barlet https://www.politicalresearch.org/2016/12/19/what-third-position [EN]
* "Some Notes on the European 'New Right'" by Margaret Quigley https://www.politicalresearch.org/1991/01/01/some-notes-european-new-right [EN]
* "The American Roots of a Right-Wing Conspiracy" by Andrew Woods https://communemag.com/the-american-roots-of-a-right-wing-conspiracy/ [EN]
* "The Lost History of Antifa" by Loren Balhorn https://www.jacobinmag.com/2017/05/antifascist-movements-hitler-nazis-kpd-spd-germany-cold-war [EN]
* "Hitler Wasn't Inevitable" by Marcel Bois https://www.jacobinmag.com/2015/11/nuremberg-trials-hitler-goebbels-himmler-german-communist-social-democrats/ [EN]
* "The Communists and the Colonized" https://www.jacobinmag.com/2016/10/pcf-french-communists-sfio-algeria-vietnam-ho-chi-minh [EN]
* "Stalin Handed Hundreds of Communists Over to Hitler" by Alex De Jong https://jacobinmag.com/2021/08/hitler-stalin-pact-nazis-communist-deportation-soviet [EN]

### **Blog posts**

* “This is what American fascism looks like: the Lyndon LaRouche story (part one)” by Louis Proyect https://louisproyect.org/2017/07/31/this-is-what-american-fascism-looks-like-the-lyndon-LaRouche-story-part-one/ [EN]
* “This is what American fascism looks like: the Lyndon LaRouche story (part two)” by Louis Proyect https://louisproyect.org/2017/08/14/this-is-what-american-fascism-looks-like-the-lyndon-LaRouche-story-part-two/ [EN]
* “This is what American fascism looks like: the Lyndon LaRouche story (part three)” by Louis Proyect https://louisproyect.org/2017/08/31/this-is-what-american-fascism-looks-like-the-lyndon-LaRouche-story-part-three/ [EN]
* “This is what American fascism looks like: the Lyndon LaRouche story (part four)” by Louis Proyect https://louisproyect.org/2017/09/19/this-is-what-american-fascism-looks-like-the-lyndon-LaRouche-story-part-four/ [EN]
* “This is what American fascism looks like: the Lyndon LaRouche story (part five)” by Louis Proyect https://louisproyect.org/2018/02/18/the-three-degrees-of-separation-between-lyndon-LaRouche-the-left-and-the-alt-right-part-five/ [EN]
* "Cable Street – and the truth about the CP’s role" by Jim Denham https://shirazsocialism.wordpress.com/2020/10/03/cable-street-and-the-truth-about-the-cps-role/ [EN]
* «Сталин и германские коммунисты» https://dascha-biryuck.livejournal.com/33098.html [RU]
* “American Strasser” by Kdog https://threewayfight.blogspot.com/2020/12/american-strasser.html [EN]
* "Orwell: British Media Published Pro-Stalin Propaganda When USSR Was WWII Ally" https://web.archive.org/web/20150416064453/http://bennorton.com/orwell-british-media-published-pro-stalin-propaganda-when-ussr-was-wwii-ally/ [EN] (archived, Ben Norton deleted most of his tweets and posts before *The Grayzone* started associating with *RT*)

### **Documents**

* “Report to the Seventeenth Party Congress on the Work of the Central Committee of the C.P.S.U.(B.).” by J.V. Stalin https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1934/01/26.htm [EN]
* "Negroes! Beware the Imperialist Use of Ethiopia!" by J.R. Johnson https://www.marxists.org/archive/james-clr/works/1941/03/ethiopia2.htm [EN]
* “Subject: The National League – An Impotent Communist Front of Ex-Nazis” https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/SLAVIK,%20ADOLF\_0031.pdf [EN] (declassified CIA document)
* “Russian Connections to the Far Right in Europe” by Anton Shekhovtsov https://www.neos.eu/\_Resources/Persistent/d2f58c9e0cd688efcd9d926c27a60edda5fa7286/Anton%20Shekhovtsov%20-%20Russian%20Connections%20to%20the%20Far%20Right%20in%20Europe.pdf [EN] (policy proposal on anti-extremism, pro-EU)
* “Ethiopia and World Politics” by George Padmore https://libcom.org/library/ethiopia-world-politics-george-padmore [EN]
* “Rebuilding the International” by Rosa Luxemburg https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1915/xx/rebuild-int.htm [EN] (critique of nationalistic tendencies amongst German Marxists)
* “China’s Foreign Policy: Alliance with U.S. Imperialism” https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ncm-5/pl-china-9.htm [EN] (critique of PRC)
* “Trotsky Predicts Stalin Will Now Seek an Understanding with Hitler” https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1938/10/predict.htm [EN]

#### **Red flags**

* "Leo Schlageter: The Wanderer into the Void" by Karl Radek https://www.marxists.org/archive/radek/1923/06/schlageter.htm [EN] (WARNING!- Freikorps apologia, German social-patriotism)

### **Encyclopedia**

#### **Events**

* “German Revolution of 1918-1919“ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German\_Revolution\_of\_1918%E2%80%931919 [EN]
* "Kiel mutiny" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiel\_mutiny [EN]
* “Berlin March Battles” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin\_March\_Battles [EN]
* “Spartacist Uprising“ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spartacist\_uprising [EN]
* “Bavarian Soviet Republic” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavarian\_Soviet\_Republic [EN]
* “Spirit of the Winter War” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirit\_of\_the\_Winter\_War [EN]
* “Talvisodan henki” https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talvisodan\_henki [FI]
* “Betrothal of January” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betrothal\_of\_January [EN]
* “1931 Prussian Landtag referendum” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931\_Prussian\_Landtag\_referendum [EN]
* “Italo-Soviet Pact” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Soviet\_Pact [EN]
* “German-Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%E2%80%93Soviet\_Border\_and\_Commercial\_Agreement [EN]
* “German-Soviet Frontier Treaty” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%E2%80%93Soviet\_Frontier\_Treaty [EN]
* “German–Soviet Credit Agreement (1939)” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%E2%80%93Soviet\_Credit\_Agreement\_(1939) [EN]
* “German–Soviet Commercial Agreement (1940)” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%E2%80%93Soviet\_Commercial\_Agreement\_(1940) [EN]
* “German–Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%E2%80%93Soviet\_Border\_and\_Commercial\_Agreement [EN]
* “German-Soviet military parade in Brest-Litovsk” https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%E2%80%93Soviet\_military\_parade\_in\_Brest-Litovsk [EN]
* "Gestapo–NKVD conferences" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestapo%E2%80%93NKVD\_conferences [EN]
* "Nazi–Soviet population transfers" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi%E2%80%93Soviet\_population\_transfers [EN]
* "Heim ins Reich" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heim\_ins\_Reich [EN]
* “Basis Nord” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basis\_Nord [EN]
* “German auxiliary cruiser Komet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German\_auxiliary\_cruiser\_Komet [EN]

#### **Movements**

* “Yellow socialism” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow\_socialism [EN]
* "National Communism in Romania" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National\_Communism\_in\_Romania [EN]
* "Eurasianism" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasianism [EN]
* “Mladorossi” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mladorossi [EN]
* “Smenovekhovtsy” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smenovekhovtsy [EN]
* “Aufbau Vereinigung” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aufbau\_Vereinigung [EN]
* "Geopolitik" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geopolitik [EN]
* "French National-Collectivist Party" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French\_National-Collectivist\_Party [EN]
* “European New Right” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European\_New\_Right [EN]
* "LaRouche movement" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaRouche\_movement [EN]
* “Nouvelle Droite” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouvelle\_Droite [EN]
* "Terza Posizione" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terza\_Posizione [EN]
* “Socialist Reich Party” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist\_Reich\_Party [EN]
* “National Democratic Party of Germany (East Germany) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National\_Democratic\_Party\_of\_Germany\_(East\_Germany) [EN]
* "National Front (UK)" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National\_Front\_(UK) [EN]
* "Nazi-maoismo" https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi-maoismo [IT]

#### **Individuals**

* “Gustav Noske” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav\_Noske [EN]
* “Friedrich Ebert” https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich\_Ebert [EN]
* “Alain de Benoist” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain\_de\_Benoist [EN]
* “Otto Ernst Remer” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto\_Ernst\_Remer [EN]
* “Konstantin Rodzaevsky” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin\_Rodzaevsky [EN]
* "Karl Haushofer" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl\_Haushofer [EN]
* “Ernst Niekisch” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst\_Niekisch [EN]
* "Fritz Woffheim" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz\_Wolffheim [EN]
* "Karl Otto Paetel" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl\_Otto\_Paetel [EN]
* "Pierre Clémenti" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre\_Cl%C3%A9menti\_(politician) [EN]
* “Charles Coughlin” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles\_Coughlin [EN]
* “Francis Parker Yockey” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis\_Parker\_Yockey [EN]
* “Jean-François Thiriart“ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois\_Thiriart [EN]
* “Anton Zischka” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton\_Zischka [EN]
* “Margerete Buber-Neumann” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarete\_Buber-Neumann [EN] (became anticommunist after the war)
* "Carl Oglesby" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl\_Oglesby [EN]
* "Lyndon LaRouche" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon\_LaRouche [EN]
* "Lyndon LaRouche" https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Lyndon\_LaRouche [EN] (RationalWiki)
* "Claudio Mutti" https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudio\_Mutti [IT]
* "Franco Freda" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco\_Freda [EN]

### **Books**

* "All Power to the Councils!: A Documentary History of the German Revolution of 1918–1919" by Gabriel Kuhn http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=B861CA80F4A08458600168812726EEB8 [EPUB, 1MB, EN]; http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=279A3384F40584571D6A5CA441604175 [PDF, 4MB, EN]
* “Neither Right Nor Left: Fascist Ideology in France” by Zeev Sternhell and translated by David Maisel http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=A2AF39D961438B3E673BF5EE1DA74FDA [24MB, EN]
* “Dreamer of the Day: Francis Parker Yockey And The Postwar Fascist International” by Kevin Coogan https://www.akpress.org/dreameroftheday.html [EN]
* "Feeding the German Eagle: Soviet Economic Aid to Nazi Germany, 1933-1941" by Edward E. Ericson http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=E7FD85C5FC03987581E716B3B18CA898 [PDF, 13MB, EN]
* “Lyndon LaRouche and the New American Fascism” by Dennis King https://web.archive.org/web/20181229180400/http://lyndonLaRouche.org/newamericanfascism.htm [HTML, EN]
* “Myth of the Nation and Vision of Revolution: Ideological Polarization in the Twentieth Century” by Jacob L. Talmon https://www.routledge.com/Myth-of-the-Nation-and-Vision-of-Revolution-Ideological-Polarization-in/Talmon/p/book/9780887388446 [EN]
* “National Bolshevism: Stalinist Mass Culture and the Formation of Modern Russian National Identity, 1931-1956” by David Brandenberger http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=4A970B05D8798B649DDA2428DDB20FF5 [PDF, 9MB, EN]
* "The Russian Roots of Nazism: White Émigrés and the Making of National Socialism, 1917-1945" by Michael Kellogg http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=CF32564579EB2C5E6A0DBD4AA164F4D6 [PDF, 2MB, EN]
* “Die sowjetische Besatzung in Österreich 1945-1955 und ihre politische Mission“ von Wolfgang Mueller https://www.vandenhoeck-ruprecht-verlage.com/themen-entdecken/sozial-rechts-und-wirtschaftswissenschaften/politikwissenschaft/39838/die-sowjetische-besatzung-in-oesterreich-1945-1955-und-ihre-politische-mission [DE]
* “From Empire to Eurasia: Politics, Scholarship, and Ideology in Russian Eurasianism, 1920s–1930s” by Sergey Glebov http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=FB7883A43D99008747B3FDF57A98DB49 [PDF, 1MB, EN]
* “The Beast Reawakens: Fascism's Resurgence from Hitler's Spymasters to Today's Neo-Nazi Groups and Right-Wing Extremists” by Martin E. Lee http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=AE9071A4E2A2C5D0053F59C240DE206A [PDF, 15MB, EN]
* "Beyond Eagle and Swastika" by Kurt P. Tauber [EN]
* “Von der Ruhr in den GULag” von Wilhelm Mensing https://www.buecher.de/shop/buecher/von-der-ruhr-in-den-gulag/mensing-wilhelm/products\_products/detail/prod\_id/09908775/ [DE]
* “Kenen joukoissa seisot?: Suomalainen kommunismi ja sota 1937-1945” kirjoittanut Kimmo Rentola [FI]
* Finnish communism visited” by Tauno Saarela https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/33733965.pdf [PDF, 4MB; EN]; https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/153855/tauno\_saarela\_finnish\_communism\_visited.pdf [PDF, 4.5MB, EN]; http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=F0F68ECBD20FC6A772EF6DABBD814F2C [PDF, 5MB, EN]
* "Collision of empires: Italy's invasion of Ethiopia and its international impact" edited by G. Grace Strang http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=B9D10E2384A9975899F5BA316B29287A [EPUB, 2MB, EN]
* “The Demon of Geopolitics: How Karl Haushofer ‘Educated’ Hitler and Hess“ by Holger H. Herwig https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=C80C0C22DEB528ACC5754E14FDCB8A4B [EPUB, 427kb, EN]
* "Fascism and the Masses: The Revolt Against the Last Humans, 1848–1945" by Ishay Landa http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=F0C8451DBE63882A10151C24F7179269 [EPUB, 5MB, EN]; http://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=0A96C3D2C455B5EEDF5923527D69A4A0 [PDF, 4MB, EN]
* "With Stalin against Tito: Cominformist Splits in Yugoslav Communism" by Ivo Banac http://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=CF27D2E625CA6434B59CB9F9B1A1A5E6 [PDF, 9MB, EN]
* "Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism and the Politics of Identity" by Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke http://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=81579664DE0C784EAF9174766F487819 [PDF, 2MB, EN]; http://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=8AA02B644E68ACD1271F269D39C0F13B [EPUB, 3MB, EN]
* "The faces of contemporary Russian nationalism" by John B. Dunlop http://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=79BD80DD6CE24CB877D28E8FF6A9768C [PDF, 11MB, EN]
* "World Revolution 1917–1936: The Rise and Fall of the Communist International" by C.L.R. James https://www.marxists.org/archive/james-clr/works/world/index.htm [HTML, EN]
* "Pariahs, partners, predators : German-Soviet relations, 1922-1941" by Aleksandr M. Nekrič http://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=5D67C24365677A858814F59EFAB78900 [PDF, 4MB, EN]
* "Failed Fuhrers: A History of Britain’s Extreme Right" by Graham Macklin http://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=A63B66A757214F03A52980F1FD183B97 [EPUB, 2MB, EN]; http://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=B76B47FF3888F68C9000E70381006001 [PDF, 10MB, EN]
* "Operation Chaos: The Vietnam Deserters Who Fought the CIA, the Brainwashers, and Themselves" by Matthew Sweet http://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=9E1B449200EC7829EBE985BDD4B6D2F8 [EPUB, 8MB, EN]
* "Bolshevism, Stalinism and the Comintern: Perspectives on Stalinization, 1917–53" edited by Norman LaPorte, Kevin Morgan and Matthew Worley http://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=994977922D0CCA5B195EEA7FB9CCF505 [PDF, 1MB, EN]
* "In Search for Revolution: International Communist Parties in the Third Period" by Matthew Worley http://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=D631632C6ADFE5DC32196CE295728092 [PDF, 15MB, EN]
* "'Tomorrow Belongs to Us': British Far-Right Since 1967" eited by Nigel Copsy and Matthew Worley http://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=1AECA4A5C233B7209773F53FBED2ECC0 [PDF, 21MB, EN]
* "They Knew They Were Right: The Rise of the Neocons" by Jacob Heilbrunn https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=EE7057DFECB2E1341F40120798C9BC30 [PDF, 2MB, EN]
* "Weimar Radicals: Nazis and Communists Between Authenticity and Performance" by Timothy S. Brown https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=C98D268C694D23B1A53A0E1198F22423 [PDF, 3MB, EN]
* "The German Communist Resistance, 1933-1945" by T. Derbent http://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=F0D27F05C0360F4B110946E0C5343D01 [PDF, 21MB, EN]
* "Active Measures: The Secret History of Disinformation and Political Warfare“ by Thomas Rid http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=8EDD051956B0B483E820DCA06F59397A [EPUB, 91MB, EN]
* "World Fascism : A Historical Encyclopedia" by Cyprian Blamires http://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=39C48DD44DC9812B0B76D8001EC63598 [PDF, 15MB, EN]; http://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=4D5295C721F13FD143DCDADCF977D08D [DJVU, 11MB, EN]
* "Rise And Fall Of The Comintern" by Leslie Goonewardene https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/writers/goonewardene/1947/index.htm [HTML]
* "History and Myth in Romanian Consciousness" by Lucian Boia http://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=C4659CB5D7513D185D1E1F3C143B3CE5 [PDF, 26MB, EN]; http://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=D00E8A5A4D940AC55D7C3D17F02DE5A6 [DJVU, 4MB, EN]; http://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=9CBBFFDFDE79C77E6145C63307C677BA [RAR, 24MB, EN]
* "National ideology under socialism: identity and cultural politics in Ceauşescu's Romania" by Katherine Verdery http://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=D7117987998BC098ED80C59BB2BC0371 [PDF, 20MB, EN]; http://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=C7B89CA06E0CFDF52E044FBC15256A80 [DJVU, 4MB, EN]
* "Where Have All the Fascists Gone?" by Tamir Bar-On http://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=1FA1EC05E4438387B36805ED14E1C3CA [PDF, 2MB, EN] (talks about how European New Right appropriated leftist ideas)
* "Yesterday's Tomorrow: On the Loneliness of Communist Specters and the Reconstruction of the Future" by Bini Adamczak https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=21B3578A287E1EC603BB2C7358F2BFE1 [EPUB, 200kb, EN]

### **Excerpts**

* “‘AFTER HITLER, OUR TURN’ THE INTERNATIONAL PURGED“ by C L R James https://www.marxists.org/archive/james-clr/works/world/ch12.htm [HTML, EN]
* "The Nazi-Soviet Pact: A Betrayal of Communists by Communists" by Bini Adamczak https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/the-nazi-soviet-pact-a-betrayal-of-communists-by-communists/ [EN]

### **Audiobooks**

* "The German Communist Resistance 1933-1945 - T. Derbent" uploaded by Foreign Language Press https://anchor.fm/foreign-languages-press/episodes/The-German-Communist-Resistance-1933-1945---T--Derbent-eql1lc/a-a4mhhm2 [2:18:35, EN]

### **Podcast episodes**

* “Talvisodan henki - mistä se tuli?” https://yle.fi/aihe/artikkeli/2006/09/08/talvisodan-henki-mista-se-tuli [29:28, FI] (Finnish state-owned media)
* “SKP eli kotimaisen kommunismin kahdet kasvot” https://yle.fi/aihe/artikkeli/2006/09/08/skp-eli-kotimaisen-kommunismin-kahdet-kasvot [53:39, FI] (Finnish state-owned media)

### **Videos**

* “New Wars and Revolutions - Demobilisation I THE GREAT WAR January 1919” uploaded by The Great War https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ssYACBz8gzs [31:36, EN SUB, EN]
* “Bavarian Soviet Republic - 1919 Economy and Reconstruction I BEYOND THE GREAT WAR” uploaded by The Great War https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-CcEZ8d3MGQ [20:50, EN SUB, EN]
* “What is Peronism? | BadEmpanada” uploaded by BadEmpanada https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rndAJTQBET8 [38:10, EN SUB, ES SUB, EN] (Marxist-Leninist, member of Solidarity with Cuba, supports Vietnam [Laos is client-state of Vietnam] and Rojava, white Australian settler with Greek ancestry living in Argentina; has extremely abrasive personality on Twitter and Reddit and is considered an irony-poisoned bro)
* “A Soviet-Nazi Alliance - The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact | BETWEEN 2 WARS I 1939 Part 2 of 3” uploaded by TimeGhost History https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YkJSyaiucmU [20:40, EN SUB, EN] (channel moderator believes in horseshoe theory)
* “Operation Barbarossa - How much Intelligence do you need? - WW2 Special” uploaded by World War Two https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VLJ9Wt5TA4s [16:13, EN SUB, EN] (channel moderator believes in horseshoe theory)
* "1975 PRESIDENT MARCOS MET CHAIRMAN MAO 毛主席会见了马科斯总统" uploaded by REVOLUTIONARY FORCE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qyGZjblCJMU [2:14, ZH] (pro-Mao channel)
* «23 сентября 1939 года в Бресте прошел совместный парад советских и немецких войск» VSE.VIDEO https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dqd5KgyuRZ8 [2:35]
* “East German KGB - Rise of Stasi - COLD WAR DOCUMENTARY” uploaded by The Cold War https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q227qcuyzVc [16:40, EN SUB, EN]
* “Itse asiassa kuultuna: Arvo Poika Tuominen” https://yle.fi/aihe/artikkeli/2010/10/29/itse-asiassa-kuultuna-arvo-poika-tuominen [58:22, FI] (Finnish state-owned media)

### **Websites**

* “NKWD Und Gestapo” http://nkwd-und-gestapo.de/ [DE] (website documenting Soviets and Nazis collaborating together to kill German communists)
* "Archivo Histórico de Cancillería" http://desclasificacion.cancilleria.gov.ar/ [ES] (contains declassified documents of secret cables and agreements between Argentina and Cuba)

### **Archived**

* https://archive.vn/VYN91 [EN] - LaRouche believed post-modernism and Angela Davis were CIA assets
* https://archive.vn/Vn2eD [EN] - history of USian communists aligning with Imperial Japan
* https://archive.vn/REM1f [EN] - USSR sacrificed Italian communists to Mussolini
* https://archive.vn/ddm9S [EN] - Stalin supported Chiang Kai-shek
* https://archive.vn/o1qYT [EN] - explaining the ideological currents of red-brownism
* https://archive.is/PJlCZ [EN], https://archive.is/RnsMo [EN] - correcting Ben Norton’s misinformation about East Germany’s denazification program
* https://archive.vn/KgiUc [EN] - Mao Zedong conspired with Imperial Japan
* https://archive.vn/0cW8X [EN] - PRC supported Pinochet over Allende
* https://archive.ph/nzd1N [EN] - visualizing the fascist creep
* https://archive.ph/2jbIY [EN] - Soviet-backed Communists allied with fascists in Bulgaria to purge socialists, communists and anarchists
* https://archive.ph/Kkr8p [EN] - correcting that it was Rosa Luxemburg's own party who betrayed her
* https://archive.is/3fbL6 [EN] - history of Nazi-Maoism during the Years of the Lead

### **Notes**

* One of the earliest, best known examples of red-brownism is when the nationalistic tendency amongst reformist German Marxists (today known as “social democrats”) used the far-right Freikorps to suppress the the more radical internationalist Marxists of the Spartakist uprising in 1919, alongside the March Uprising, followed by crushing the Bavarian Soviet Republic a few months later
* Splits between nationalistic and internationalist lines occurred during WW1 when socialists and Marxists debated over supporting the war and opposing the war
* Rosa Luxemburg would criticize the nationalistic tendencies within different Marxist thoughts as being imperialists
* There are tons of pictures from the Brest-Litovsk joint military parade over conquered Poland.
* Stalin was popular with Finnish communists, until he failed to invade Germany when he split Poland in half with Hitler. Then Finnish communists allied with Finnish capitalists out of perceived betrayal by the USSR and rejected the Terijoki government
* Many Finnish Reds who had fought against the Whites during the Civil War of 1918 fled to the Soviet Union to build socialism and most of them were then either executed or sent to the GULAG during the Great Purges. The mistreatment of Finnish Reds during the Great Purges was one of the reasons many Finnish communists wound up fighting against the USSR in the Winter War. Desertions were high amongst the Reds and protested by the anti-war organization Finland–Soviet Union Peace and Friendship Society which broke out into riots when Finland joined German invasion of USSR during Operation Barbarossa and the Continuation War.
* Stalin was open to an arrangement similar to Mussolini-Stalin Friendship Pact (1933-1941) with Nazi Germany (was not antifascist): “Of course, we are far from being enthusiastic about the fascist regime in Germany. But it is not a question of fascism here, if only for the reason that fascism in Italy, for example, has not prevented the U.S.S.R. from establishing the best relations with that country.”
* Early far-right support, known as the *Smenovekhovstvo* movement, for the Soviet Union
* Support for a nationalistic “Germany-Russia” alliance (known as *Aufbau Vereinigung*) was popular in the early Nazi party
* Stalin helped set up the neo-Nazi “Socialist Reich Party” in Western Germany (held anti-American and pro-Soviet views) and the NDPD, a party that represented former Nazis, in East Germany after WWII to reintergrate them back into society. Former Nazi officer Otto Ernst Remer in particular received funding from the Soviet Union
* The National-Democratic Party of Germany in East Germany received massive amount of funding to circulate far-right extremist ideas in West Germany amongst their former Nazi connections
* Russian White Emigrés who were later rehabilitated: “Union of Mladorossi was a political group of Russian émigré monarchists who advocated a hybrid of Russian monarchy and the Soviet system, best evidenced by their motto "Tsar and the Soviets".”
* Stalin handed Marxist dissidents and Communist exiles over to the Gestapo of Nazi Germany
* Over 6 000 refugees fled Germany and Austria to the Soviet Union after Hitler’s rise to power. Many former members of the German Communist Party and German Stalinists were accused of being fascist collaborators or of being Trotskyists and were handed back to the Gestapo, who died as communists in concentration camps for political prisoners
* Several thousands German Jewish people taking refugee in Soviet Union handed over to the Gestapo by the NVKD following died in the Holocaust
* There is a crap-load of antisemitic conspiracy theories from post-Soviet Russian fascists and Russian ultra-nationalists about both Russian and non-Russian historians working the Soviet Archives being “Jewish liars” or “ZOG”
* Sometimes in post-Soviet Russian spaces, you will find weird Holocaust deniers and neo-Nazis who happen to also be pro-Stalin, with an anti-Bolshevik or anti-Lenin bent, in response to declassification of the Soviet Archives and interviews of WW2 survivors
* “Not true at all. Many countries issued appeasement to the Axis; not all countries helped them invade Poland, then held joint military parades through the streets of conquered cities. Britain and France were in negotiations with the Soviets over a pact against Germany in May 1939, after they had already guaranteed Poland and other countries. It was the Soviets who backed out of this plan, because Britain would not accede to their demands of control over the Baltic states. So when Germany proposed an agreement that would (the Secret element of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, later amended to recognize their control over Eastern Poland), they took the better deal. Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact wasn't simply a self-defense measure; it was a power sharing agreement. When negotiations opened in late 1940 over the USSR's potential entry into the Axis, it was an expansion on what was already transpiring between them. The only reason it didn't go through was because Germany would not recognize their aspirations for influence over Bulgaria and Yugoslavia In fact, the Nazis never responded to this final offer. Rather than declare war on the Axis at the outset of the Poland campaign, the Soviets instead invaded Poland and all the other states guaranteed by the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. And for the two years they acted as Germany's number 1 trading partner, supplying them with oil and other resources in complete circumvention of the British blockade. Had the Soviets not collaborated with them, the Nazi war machine would have ground to a halt much earlier, and millions of lives would have been spared."
* Fidel Castro had friendly relations with the PRI party of Mexico, which was why he was silent on the 1968 massacre of students in Mexico
* Fidel Castro saluted would-be dictator Augusto Pinochet, which is a common meme with non-ML Marxists and irony-poisoned leftists. At the time of the photo, Pinochet was not in power yet and acted on behalf of Carlos Prat who promised to protect Chilean democracy by ensuring no harm came to Salvador Allende. So don’t use this as a way to “own someone” in an honest history discussion, just be aware it’s more of a trolling leftcom meme. It’s shitty, seen as “ultra-left” and should not be done in bad-faith.
* Ho Chi Minh worked with both French imperialists and Japanese imperialists to suppress independent workers’ movements who opposed the Viet Minh. See “Suppression of Marxist movements” and similar categories for more information on this.
* Many communists actually left the parties after the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact as they saw the Comintern instructions to collaborate with German Nazis as anti-communist
* Many western European as well as northern European Stalinists became staunch anti-communists, social democrats or drifted towards non-ML Marxist ideologies when they saw Stalin did not help local resistance movements fight Hitler
* After WW2, many far-right groups became pro-Soviet or non-aligned neutral between the West and the East
* Many former Nazis became Stasi because Soviet Union saw them as vulnerable, exploitable and easy to control (or blackmail)
* After WW2, National Democratic Union and National League were established in Austria to promote pro-Soviet far-right ideas and would regularly meet with Communist Party members
* Most ironically, Stalin arguably treated German communists worse than he did German Nazis after the end of the war.
* William Pierce, author of Turner Diaries, saw the Soviet Union as an ideal ethno-state. In the view of pro-Soviet neo-Nazis in the USA, Marxism [or big scare-word “Communism”] had been imposed on Eastern Europe by Jewish people
* In 1935, after the Nazi Party started persecuting Communists and leftists went underground, the KPD recognised calling (or alienating) the social democrats “social fascists” (which was a valid criticism in context of the Freikorps in 1919) was a mistake in hindsight
* Walter Ulbricht used the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact as pretext to remove political rivals within the KPD when Stalin had the opportunity to try and save as many German communists as possible
* The far-right started using "Zionists" as a dog-whistle for Jewish people in the 1970s, pioneered by Willis Carto and Liberty Lobby
* German communists and anarchists who survived WW2 reported liberal capitalism is much more preferable to fascism
* Hungarian Communist Party admitted former Nazi Béla Király in 1945 and promoted him to high positions by 1950 for a planned Soviet invasion of Yugoslavia following the Tito–Stalin Split.
* In Romania, the communists pardoned Iron Guard fascists and integrated them within their party, the same folks who organized progroms and did unspeakable things to Jewish populations
* Part of why Russian neo-Eurasianists are obsessed with Eurasia and Atlanticism as concepts after the USSR fell is due to the influences from Halford Mackinder and Karl Haushofer. Mackinder was averse to German-Russian alliance saying, 'we have to avoid Germany and Russia allying,' because of the potential for the formation of a massive supercontinent. Haushofer looked at that and said, 'no, this is exactly what we need to do.' That's why NazBols loved Haushofer, and Haushofer was delirious with excitement over the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. Haushofer called himself the 'inventor of lebensraum' and only fell from grace after Operation Barbarossa went into effect. His son ended up being executed in the big plot to assassinate Hitler. Because Haushofer was so invested in the Nazi project, after the war and upon the beginning of interrogation by the Allies, he took poison and hanged himself to make sure the job was done—with his wife, too. Haushofer literally trained Hiitler and Hess, whom he described as his "eagles" while they were in Landsberg Prison after the Beer Hall Putsch. He taught them Ratzel's “Politische Geographie” (1897). And while Haushofer himself had a Jewish wife, he was prone to antisemitic statements and the whole "stabbed in the back" histrionic. He even joined a militant Freikorps-type group after the Great War, which is where he met some of the early Nazis (eg. Goering) and found himself in the Thule Society. For more information, read Herwig's “Daemon of Geopolitics”
* "The Maoists were particularly upset when the Chinese leadership acted as a left-wing cover for U.S. imperialism in Angola; the Chinese press did not mention the invasion of Angola by U.S.-backed South African troops for nine weeks, while there were daily articles blasting the invasion by Soviet-backed Cuban troops." - Paul Saba, "China’s Foreign Policy: Alliance with U.S. Imperialism"
* While Fidel Castro rails against other right-wing governments in Latin America and throughout the world, criticisms of right-wing dictator Gorge Rafael Videla were noticeably absent by Cuban critics. Castro was also silent about the forced disappearances of suspected communists and socialists in Argentina. This suspicion was later confirmed when Argentina declassified reports of economic, commercial and strategic agreements between Cuba and Argentina during the 1970s and 1980s.
* Fidel Castro took on an anti-British position during the Falklands War of 1982 while fascist Argentine dictators Jorge Rafael Videla and Leopldo Galtieri were conducting forced disappearances of suspected socialists and communists between 1974 and 1983 during the Dirty War and Operation Condor and Argentine intelligence were supporting right-wing coups throughout Latin America. Castro offered to fly Cuban troops to the Falklands in support of the Argentine garrison there. However, Argentinean leader Leopoldo Galtieri turned down the offer in fear presence of Cuban troops would turn Ronald Reagan against him.
* When the Soviet Union was aligned with United Kingdom against Nazi Germany, the exiled Yugoslav royalist government allied with the fascists in an anti-communist alliance against the partisans while the USSR printed pro-Mihailović propaganda. When Tito established an anti-fascist and anti-monarch front, Stalin tried to silence the Yugoslav communists in fear of alienating the British. This would form the foundation of the Yugoslav–Soviet split
* Between 1939 and 1941, the Communist International (Third International) denounced one-sidedly British and French imperialism for their colonial policy and for their aggressive foreign policy but sparred Nazi Germany from criticisms