French Empire

Nation flag of French Empire

"Victoire au mérite"

("Victory on merit")

### Ideology(ies)

Bonapartism, Nationalism, Moralist Conservatism, Social Conservantism and Economic Liberalism

### Populations

4,390,600 Core population.74,400,100 Non-core population.

78,790,700 total population.

The **Second French Empire** (French: *Second Empire Français*)**,** or also know as **Second Empire of France**, **French Empire**, **Empire of France** or, in short **France**, is a country in Western Europe, which dominates much of the region of Gaul, the Corsica Island and parts of Savoy. It borders with Kingdom of Belgium, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Kingdom of Prussia, Kingdom of Bavaria to the North. Grand Duchy of Baden, Swiss Confederation to East. Kingdom of Italy, Principality of Monaco to Southeast, Principality of Andorra and Kingdom of Spain to Southwest. Due to its colonial possessions, the French Empire also borders the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Colony of Surinam) and the United States of Brazil, in South America. Kingdom of Portugal (Portuguese Guinea and Portuguese Congo) Republic of Liberia, Abyssinian Empire, Africa. Rattanakosin Kingdom and Chinese Empire, Asia. The French Empire is dominant in many parts of the world, having several colonies around the globe, being the Second Largest Empire in the world, behind the British Empire.

A Semi-Parliamentary Monarchy, ruled by the Napoleonic Dynasty, France won from Prussia in the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871), achieving its long-awaited prestige, thus drastically increasing its influence in the South German States, France, as well as some other European countries, has colonies, mainly in Africa, which is its greatest colonial extent. The great French Empire is sometimes hailed by many, as the second Empire that rules the world after the British causing even more friction between both, its main partners are the members of the 'General Cooperation Agreement for Franco-South German Economic, Commercial and Defensive Activities' where the nations in its sphere of influence usually integrate.

## History

### July Monarchy (1830-1848)

The July Monarchy (French: Monarchie de Juillet) was a period in the history of France that lasted from July 26, 1830 until February 23, 1848, initiated with the July Revolution by Louis Philippe I, a member of the Liberal Bourgeoisie together with former Napoleonic officials and the people of Paris, who had set up barricades, thus overthrowing the conservative government of Monarch Charles X, marking the end of the Bourbon Restoration.

Louis Philippe was crowned as 'King of the French' instead of 'King of France', marking his acceptance of popular sovereignty, Philippe decreed the Juste Milieu, aiming to avoid extremes for the liberal and for conservatism, the new king promoted diplomatic movements with the British Empire to try to bring both nations closer together, and mainly supported the colonial expansion of France as can be seen with the French conquest of Algeria.

During 1848 several European states entered into Revolution, the popularity of Louis Philippe collapsed and then the king was overthrown as he rose in power, ending the July Monarchy, starting the Second Republic.

### Second Republic (1848-1852)

With the fall of the Monarchy in the February Revolution in 1848. Charles Louis Napolleon Bonaparte was elected as President of the new Republic, and Henri Henri George Boulay de la Meurthe as Vice-President, Jacques-Charles Dupont was appointed as Prime Minister. The new Republic received a constitution that made it clear that there would be a single Constituent Assembly made up of 750 elected members, who stayed in office for three years.

During Napoleon's presidency, a group of Nationalists and Republicans invaded Rome, forcing Pope Pius IX to flee the city and ask for support from the French, realizing an opportunity Napoleon supported the Pope by sending a troop under the command of Oudinot, who marched in heading to Rome. After restoring the Pope, the President ordered a liberal government to be established, the Pope's belated response was accepted by the French Ministry.

What appeared to be a war between the French Catholic and Monarchical Legislative Assembly. It was not enough for Louis Napoleon to shake himself, still playing the game of the Orleanists, in 1850 there were complementary elections in March and April of the same year, which ended up having a result of an unexpected victory for the Republicans, worrying the Conservatives.

On May 31, a law was passed, which required each voter to prove three years of residence at their current address through direct tax assessments. Proving to be effective in revoking universal suffrage, removing the rights of workers who constantly changed addresses. Another law enacted on July 16 severely restricted the press by reinstating the Caution Money (cautionnement) deposited by newspaper owners and editors in conjunction with the government to ensure good behavior.

### Formation of Empire (1851-1852)

Hoping to effect a revision of the constitution, the President joined Montalembert's cries of "Down with the Republicans!" to do so without having to resort to a coup d'état. His conceptions only served to increase the boldness of the Royalists. Most of the Chambers were divided between Legitimists and Orleanists, even with the death of Louis Philippe in 1850.

Louis Napoleon, knowing that the Monarchy was unpopular with the French, used it to further his personal ambitions. On August 8, 1850, Louis Napoleon toured France advocating for the revision of the constitution. Using speeches that varied from place to place, he also made some criticisms, shouts of "Viva a Napoleon" showed that the army was on his side. Louis Napoleon replaced General Changarnier, also gathered officers from the African army, also practically declaring open war against the government, although nothing very bloody had occurred.

In response to the censorship approved by the Constituent Assembly, he began to insinuate a Communist conspiracy to scare the Bourgeoisie, in addition to denouncing the electoral law of May 31, 1850, in order to gain more support from the popular mass, which was retaliated by the Assembly, rejecting the proposed partial reform of the article which restricted re-election and the re-establishment of universal suffrage. When the quaestors demanded that the barracks be posted to the Chamber.

The Assembly, fearing a monarchical restoration, voted with the Bonapartists against the measure, disarming the legislature, opening a gap for Louis Napoleon to strike a coup on the night of December 1st, 1851, the anniversary of Napoleon Bonaparte's coronation in 1804 and his victory at Austerlitz. in 1805. Louis Napoleon dissolved the Chamber, reestablished universal suffrage, arrested all party leaders, convened a new Assembly to extend his term. In Paris, a Republican resistance was mounted which was promptly contained.

### The Second Empire

#### First Reign (1852-1873)

With the coup, an Absolutist Monarchy was created over a Military Dictatorship, and Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte accumulated practically dictatorial powers, the so-called Napoleon III, ordered the construction of a good railway system in high priority. He consolidated three dozen incomplete lines into six companies that used Paris as a hub. The French capital has seen population, economic, commercial and tourism growth. Together with Georges-Eugène Haussmann, Napoleon III spent lavishly on the reconstruction of Paris, the six companies having a very solid economy, because of government guarantees.

Wanting to restore the prestige of the French Empire and realizing the newly aroused hostility towards France, he tried to get as much support from the Left as he had from the Right, on 16 August 1859 marked an evolution of the empire evolving from a government absolute and authoritarian for a parliamentarian and liberal.

One of Napoleon's moves was to support the Ottoman Empire in the Crimean War in 1856, a war that literally excluded Russia from the Black Sea. In 1859 France entered a war with Austria over Italy, eventually France emerged victorious and gained Savoy and Nice, and a Commercial Treaty was also made with the British Empire, giving France a sudden shock from foreign competition. During the American Civil War, Napoleon III positioned himself as neutral and did not recognize the Confederate States of America, but the textile factories in France needed cotton and so an even successful intervention was made in Mexico, although this intervention did not last long, considering that the Second Empire of Mexico existed from 1863 until 1867.

#### Prusso-French War (1870-1871)

During the 1860s Prussia has threatened French sovereignty, amidst some disagreements such as the Revolution in Spain that had invited a Prussian prince to rule the Spanish crown. Seeing Austria defeated, Napoleon III demanded a conscription law. The French Parliament disagreed on the grounds that professionals are always the best option, to which Napoleon responded by persuading Parliament to avoid a possible risk with the Prussians close by accumulating power.

Prussia's moves and the fascinating manipulation of events by Prussian Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, with the milestone being a revolution in Spain that dethroned Queen Isabella of Spain, with Prince Leopold of Hohenzollern to the Spanish throne, then Napoleon III intervened demanding that the family royal Prussiana should refuse the request, which was eventually accepted. Due to his political victory, Napoleon III did not allow an ambassador to be sent to Prussia, going against his allies in France and over the protest of the French Parliament.

With all this, Chancellor Bismarck, upon realizing that he was not going to be able to unify Germany, was forced to declare war on France, on the pretext that French Influence was a threat to local sovereignty, giving rise to the Franco-Prussian War or Prusso-French War. With that, both the French and Prussians used the train lines to gather a large number of soldiers, and when the news of the war, the South German States, dissolved the alliance they had with the Kingdom of Prussia and joined the war on the side from France. The main allies of the Prussians were the Freikorps mercenary militia, whose mercenary militia already had a mutual cooperation agreement, which helped France gain time in the South German States, as the Freikorps in these countries were making uprisings, which briefly delayed the southern German states.

As the Prussians and Freikorps were outnumbered, mainly because of the French variant of the Freikorps the Franc-Tireurs, who were acting in favor of France. The main advantage of Prussia was its discipline, but it was not enough to hold the French, suffering small defeats and being forced to retreat, with finally happening the biggest battle of the war, the battle of Dresden and Cologne, won by the French and South Germans, with the Prussians going to Leipzig, to try one last time to defeat France and turn the game around, but the French won, clearing the way for Berlin and Hanover, with the flag of the French Empire being hoisted at the Reichstag Palace.

In the peace treaty, signed at Berlin, Prussia was obliged to liberate some States which they had previously invaded by Prussia, with the exception of Hanover and some German States which were entirely surrounded by Prussia, in Thuringia Prussia was allowed to keep some domains (inclaves), together with Saxony, which gained territories (inclaves) in Thuringia, in addition Prussia had to pay a debt, recognize French sovereignty, and the Freikorps were pushed to the north with their activities in the south being suspended and banned.

### Belle Époque (1870/71 - )

#### After war (1871-1879)

After the Franco-Prussian War, France increased its influence over the South German States and prestige in Europe after defeating a nation with an army considered more organized and disciplined. France found itself celebrating its victory, what was left for the moment was to take care of itself while intervening in international politics in order to gain more prestige.

Emperor Napoleon III continued investment in railways and industry, a major consequence of the French victory that was noted was the 'French Pride' which was raised to the point of being known as 'French Arrogance' which left the French quite unconcerned about certain matters. France and other nations were marked by a period of peace, prosperity, scientific, technological and cultural development and innovations.

#### Minor conflicts, disputes and involvements

France even with the national improvements, France still suffered from some small internal problems, like the Paris Commune which was getting on the nerves for the government. Labor strikes, criminality and immorality, despite these warnings the French Empire managed to stand out from what happened.

Outside France Napoleon III was carrying out several political missions, one of which was to expel Austrian influence from the southern German states, a second intervention in Poland. Creating even more friction between Russia and France, although the intervention was largely unsuccessful. One of his main political moves was to try to get closer to the Ottoman Empire, since both empires had common enemies such as: Austria and Russia.

The French Emperor encouraged research into the improvement of the French navy, moved by his notion that the British Empire is quite powerful and feared for its mighty and frightening navy, and since France and the British Empire were already enemies, further friction was created. bigger, the Emperors and Prime Ministers of France made a point of improving the navy, and other areas, in the regular French army countless expenses are made in the improvement of French artillery.

#### Second Reign (1873 - )

When Emperor Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte III died, his son Napoleon Eugene Louis Jean Joseph Bonaparte IV was named Emperor. His first days of reign were calm, only having to sign some documents, make diplomatic visits, but in his reign he fortified even more the ties between France and the Ottoman Empire, in addition to continuing his father's projects, mainly the navy that already It was considered one of the best of its time. The youngest Emperor Napoleon IV devoted the early part of his reign to diplomacy, including becoming close friends with the Ottoman Sultan, and even with the maritime dispute between France and the United Kingdom, Napoleon IV managed to reduce friction with the British.

During the year 1884, the London Conference was organized, a general agreement between European nations on Africa that regulated European colonization and trade on the continent, this allowed France to acquire large portions of land in Africa and acquire raw materials from Africa to the French Empire. Which was successfully accomplished, although France had to take pieces of land already belonging to the Ottomans, causing a decrease in diplomatic relations between France and the Ottoman Empire, with Napoleon IV making diplomatic maneuvers to regain Ottoman confidence.

##### 1879 Reformulation

In 1879, Napoleon IV used the Château de Compiègne, as a seat of government, creating another house for Parliament that would be called the Consulate, whose function was to be the Upper House and that would give the last response in the government, only that unlike the other House, the Consulate would be formed by the Consuls and commanded by three Main Consuls, in the so-called Trinity of the Consulate, their mandate would be the same as that of the Prime Minister and from now on the Prime Minister would be one of the Consuls and he would have to choose other Main Consuls to command the Consulate together with him, the Consulate should have a little more power than the National Assembly, even if the Consuls are elected by the National Assembly together with the Senate, but still the Consulate is not free from possible dismissals that the National Assembly could make, but the Consulate held the power of Emergency Decrees (Décret d'urgence) which gave the Consulate some provisional powers.

The Parliament in general as a whole received a little more political powers within France, withdrawing almost entirely its independence from the Emperor, even so, the Parliament still had many restrictions such as new powers created by/for the Emperor as the "Ultimate Emergency Power" (Puissance d'urgence définitive) which granted him unlimited political powers if decreed, although he himself decreed a limitation where it can only be used in emergency cases with well-elaborated and instructed orders on what and how to do and when it should be used, not being able to be used at random times, "Power of Intermediate/Leveling Decision" (Pouvoir de décision intermédiaire/de levellement), with this power the Emperor could even interfere directly in Parliament, although this power does not have much information because it is kept by the Emperor himself, this virtually grants the dissolution of Parliament either total or regular becoming practically a risk at certain times. then Parliament will openly go against the Emperor, even if certain things he takes on the rational and sporting side. The Emperor extended the term of Prime Minister of France from a few months to three-year term and the right to two terms, although he has to be elected after two terms of his successors in office.

#### Willy's Election (1894)

In 19 September 1894, there was an election in France. During the first phase, the election by direct vote (vote populaire), there were several parties, where the French National Conservative Party (F.N.C.P) came out with the most votes and consequently the majority of seats in Parliament, in the second phase it was elected by indirect vote (vote parlementaire) as Prime Minister the foreign politician member of the party Willy Peter Wagner, known for being populist. As Willy was a friend of the current French Emperor Napoleon IV, starting the Government of Friends. Willy and Napoleon IV began their election with a state tour of central France and the southern German States.

Now with Willy being Prime Minister of France, due to the 1879 reformulation, he would be general head of the Consulate, with two more people of his choice, which in Willy's case chose Martin Lavigne head of the Parisian Democratic Commune (P.D.C) and Mylan Toussaint head of the French Centrist Party (F.C.P), his government is also being shaped by broad diplomatic campaigns around the world.

### Government of Friends (1895 - )

With ascension to Parliament by Willy P. Wagner and the appointment of two Consuls from parties different from his. The Government of Friends began, the name given to the period due to the fact that before Willy was elected he was already a personal friend of the Emperor and Willy also appointed his own personal friends as Consuls.

A notable event with his accession was his declaring a kind of Emergency Decree declaration, with the support of the Emperor causing and other allies of Willy, with the acceptance of the decree Willy made a decree extending his term in specific that would end up in 1925 giving incredible thirty years in office, still without the withdrawal of his right to a second term, although the other parties that were not in the coalition and the other coalitions protested against it, Willy still achieved this feat, both by his order supported by his allies in the Coalition National Popular and by the Emperor himself, as Willy used a well-elaborated and populist oratory he achieved this feat without much problems, with the Emperor's help in the matter, however, he had suspicions on the part of the conspirators that some oligarchy or secret order indirectly influenced the extension of Willy's term.

Willy along with Martin, Mylan and Napoleon IV were forming a very solid government and considered Democratic, in the outside world France is seen as an Oligarchic Dictatorship. In this period France found itself having even more incentives for its own improvement with three Consuls were taking into account the needs of the population, the army and the navy, mainly the upper class of society such as the Low to the High Bourgeoisie who enjoyed political powers, considering that politicians are considered from the Bourgeoisie.

It was also marked by constant oppression by smaller parties, even if they had seats in Parliament, the main oppressed parties were left-wing, such as the Paris Commune and its derivative parties, except for the Parisian Democratic Commune (P.D.C), center parties and also with the exceptions like the French Conservative Party F.C.P, with the same going for right-wing parties, except for F.N.C.P,And a few other parties lucky or smart enough not to oppose the government, but its main target was independence parties and movements, where Willy's own government gave incentive to public lynching of these parties, along with the arrest of some of their members, mainly the most popular figures with good oratory. Willy and Napoleon IV invested heavily in diplomatic relations with other nations, the main focus being the Ottoman Empire.

Although this power leaves the balance of power in France well tended towards the Emperor, Parliament in general gained much more freedoms, political powers including the Emperor did not abuse this fact practically leaving his new powers known as: 'Forehead Powers', Imaginative Powers of Fear' or 'Theoretical Powers'.

Amid the authoritarian government of Willy, the Paris Commune tried to make a quick attack on Paris, with the Communards trying a coup, dominating the entire Left Bank, the Islands and a piece of Merais, where the Hôtel de Ville de Paris is located. , but the police and army held back, the so-called Onslaught of the Communards, had its result with the Hôtel de Ville being burned, symbolizing a victory, taking a great tourist point to the carbonization, fortunately a good part of the Hôtel de Ville remained standing , allowing its reconstruction. The reconstruction of the Hôtel de Ville is still in progress, the statistics estimate that the reconstruction will be ready in 1908, ten years after the small uprising.

## Politics

### Leadership

France is governed by a party coalition called the 'Popular National Coalition', formed by the FNCP, PDC, FCP, FLEP and FWEFP.

### Political System

The Second French Empire is a Unitary Parliamentary Monarchy, ruled by the French Emperor and the Prime Minister. The French Parliament is governed by a Tricameral system, having three chambers, with the Upper House being called the Consulate, the Middle House being the Senate and the Lower House being the National Assembly, the Parliament exercises the function of taking care of the French Legislature. The French Emperor holds Executive and Judiciary powers, along with the status of Chief General of the French Army and Imperial Navy, representing the country worldwide, and co-governing with the Prime Minister, even if the Prime Minister had a little more powers than the Emperor within France and no longer depending on him according to the Reformulation of 1879, there was still the risk of the Emperor officially dissolving Parliament or dissolving all its members by calling new elections.

The political system of France, even being considered in parts as Authoritarian, is very Liberal with a good part of the rewrites of the Constitution of 1852 when the Empire began to become liberal in the government of Napoleon III, being in favor of party coalitions, which guarantee a majority for Prime Minister, thus gaining considerable influence in French politics, cooperating with the Emperor to keep the government stable and sound, there is also a second term right with the term limit as Prime Minister being two terms.. The current Party Coalition is the Popular National Coalition.

### The Pacification

Pacification is France's political move to integrate 'French North Africa', starting with the colony of Algeria, by funding the creation of French settlements in the colony, along with the forced Francification of the locals, to make them French Citizens.

This policy has been in effect since the Conquest of Algeria, being applied exclusively in Algeria, although Emperor Napoleon IV has plans to take it to the French Protectorates of Morocco and Tunisia, mainly after withdrawing this title from them and removing the nobility and leadership local, even if not applied that plan of Napoleon IV would have to wait for the total success of the Pacification in Algeria as recommended by its allies, considering that the Algerians continue to resist the process of the Pacification.

## Military

### French Army

The French Army (Armée Français) or Land Army (Armée de Terre) is the regular army of France, under the general command of General Phillipe Pétain, supervised by Field Marshal Robert Nivelle. Due to the French victory in the Franco-Prussian War and some other achievements mainly in Africa and Indochina, the French were taken by their own pride to the point of arrogance.

Emperor Napoleon III even financing improvements in the army's equipment, only managed to accomplish the feat minimally in the artillery due to the grandiose French Arrogance that left good parts of the equipment "outdated" because of the recommendations of many generals who claimed that very few nations managed to overcome the French armaments, this partially changed under Napoleon IV, even so the equipment of French soldiers remains well behind compared to the rest of Europe, with the main relevant part being the French artillery which was still outdated but not so much and fulfilled its role, with this being somewhat resolved with the appointment of Philippe Pétain as Chief General of the Army, some changes were made to the organization, discipline and armaments of the army, even with constant incentives to modernize the army as well as the two Emperors, Pétain only managed to improve the equipment a little bit partial modernization of artillery.The bulk of the French army is made up of the Colonial Force, spread across the colonial area, from the French West Indies to the French Pacific. The most important force of the French Army is the Regular Force which is present in the central territory, although smaller than the Colonial Force is relatively better, with some soldiers and officers in the South German States.

France uses a national security policy, with the central territory being well protected, mainly in the area of ​​the English Channel, bordering Prussia, and the South German States serving as a Buffer State for Prussia and Austria guaranteeing French security, in the colonies the protection is relatively doubled, as France is very dependent on the colonies, mainly those in Africa and the Pacific, being there mainly to guarantee the security of the colonists, French national and state companies and French sovereignty in its colonies.

### Imperial Navy

The Imperial Navy (Marine impériale), also called the Emperor's Navy (Marine de L'Empereur) or French Navy (Marine Française) is the main French force, being the one that compensates for the lack of technology of the army having a good enough technology for the Imperial Navy to be considered an above average and respectable navy. The Imperial Navy is not so powerful exactly, losing to other navies considered better than the French, for example the Royal Navy, the United States Navy, thanks to the program initiated by Napoleon III of trying to create a navy with strength and respect similar to and even better than the British Navy.

The French Navy is mirrored by everyone being used as proof of its presence, grandeur and power, with the Navy playing the standard role for a navy at the time such as protecting and securing trade routes in the French Naval Zone and mainly protecting the Island Colonies, Continental and the Central Territory of France itself, currently the Imperial Navy is led by Admiral Jean-Marie de Lanessan.

### Special Forces

France has two Special Forces, both have the same names which cause confusion in people.

One of the most important Special Forces is the **Emperor's Guard** (French: *Garde de l'Empereur*), whose name is self-explanatory, looking after the French Imperial family, including it also protects important visitors such as nation leaders, also ambassadors and members of Parliament.

The second is the **Imperial Guard** (French: *Garde Impériale*), many think it is the same as the Emperor's Guard, but the Imperial Guard is closer to an elite, secret or clandestine police force of the French government itself.

## Foreign Relations

### Europe

France holds an alliance with its puppets in the South German States called the General Cooperation Agreement for Franco-South German Economic, Commercial and Defensive Activities (French: *Accord Général de Coopération des Activités Économiques, Commerciales et Défensives Franco-Sud-Allemandes*, German: *Allgemeines Kooperationsabkommen für französisch-süddeutsche Wirtschafts-, Handels- und Verteidigungsaktivitäten*) is a general alliance, on the international stage, its activities are clearly Economic and Defensive.

The Cordial Assistance and Mutual Cooperation Agreement (French: *Accord cordial d'assistance mutuelle et de coopération*, Turkish: *Samimi Karşılıklı Yardımlaşma ve İşbirliği Anlaşması*) is a political, military and economic alliance with the Ottoman Empire, in the international scenario it has its activities inactive, it is noticeable that they continue to act among themselves.

The Principalities of Andorra and Monaco are under French protection

France has extremely favorable political ties with the South German States, thanks to their governments usually formed by French or pro-French, despite this the French Empire maintained local dynasties.

The French Empire envisages considerable enemies, these nations being at odds with France: Kingdom of Prussia, Russian Empire, Kingdom of Italy and mainly Austro-Hungarian Empire and British Empire, because of disagreements over the South German States in the case of the Austro-Hungarians, by the British it was Napoleon III's plan to create a powerful navy over time, which could harm the Royal Navy.

Relations between France and Spain are minimally aggressive, due to the Kingdom of Spain having established certain relations with Prussia, and refusing to give in to French protests, considering that the British entered the political dispute in favor of the Spanish.

France has relations in partial friction with the Kingdom of Portugal, mainly because Portugal is favorable to the British, in addition to Portugal accusing the French of supporting the opposition, including the Republican Party of Portugal.

The French Empire has partially aggressive relations with the Kingdom of Denmark.

France guarantees the independence of the Kingdom of Belgium, Kingdom of the Netherlands and Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, although Luxembourg and Holland are very leery of the French.

Relations in general between France and the Balkan Nations are mostly neutral, with the French Empire having so-called neutral relations with the Kingdom of Greece and the Tsardom of Bulgaria and minimally hostile relations with the Kingdom of Serbia and Kingdom of Romania, since relations between the Cretan State are the least hostile in Europe, even though the French have a poor record with the Cretans.

Relations between the French Empire and the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway are neutral and partly hostile due to diplomatic ties between Sweden-Norway and Prussia.

### Africa

France has relatively neutral relations with the Republic of Liberia and the Abyssinian Empire.

### Asia

The Emirate of Jabal Shammar and the French Empire are often considered to have friendly relations due to their association with the Ottoman Empire.

Relations between France and the Kingdom of Iran are partially hostile, as Iran has been slow to pay its debt to the French, although its relations would be improving until it regains neutrality in relations.

The French Empire, Kingdom of Nepal, Kingdom of Bhutan and the Emirate of Afghanistan have neutral relations with each other.

France has hostile relations with the Rattanakosin Kingdom, mainly on the Siamese side.

The relationship between the French Empire and the Empire of Japan is neutral, with partial friendship on the French side and partial hostility on the Japanese side.

The French Empire does not have direct relations with the Korean Empire, thus neutral relations.

Relations between the French Empire and the Chinese Empire (Qing Empire) are hostile, considering the French concessions in China, in addition to the numerous Chinese attempts to expel Europeans from their area, France as well as seven other nations engaged in dealing with the Boxer Rebellion, although China is not involved in the conflict.

### Americas

France has friendly relations with the United States of America.

The French Empire has hostile relations with the United States of Mexico.

Relations between the French Empire, the Caribbean and Central America are relative, such as trade agreements with the Republic of Guatemala, the Sovereign State of Panama, the Republic of El Savaldor, and the Republic of Honduras, neutral relations with the Republic of Haiti and the Republic of Nicaragua.

The French Empire has partial hostility with the Republic of the United States of Brazil and the Argentine Republic.

France has trade agreements with the United States of Venezuela, the Republic of Chile and the Peruvian Republic.

The French Empire has neutral relations with the Republic of Colombia (which is low hostility on the part of Colombians), Republic of Ecuador, Republic of Paraguay and the Republic of Acre.

The French Empire guarantees the independence of the Eastern Republic of Uruguay.

## Colonies and Dependencies

France has many possessions territories and dependencies, in the Americas, remnants of the First French Colonial Empire. In Asia and the Pacific, in parts also remnants of the First French Colonial Empire, and others conquered during the Second French Colonial Empire. Africa, entirely part of the Second French Colonial Empire, acquired at the London Conference, known worldwide as the Partition of Africa.

In the Americas, France has only three colonies that it had managed to keep after the fall of the First French Colonial Empire, being the French West Indies, Saint Pierre and Miquelon and French Guiana, although there is a French interest in conquering Panama for itself, some things make her think about it, as the US, Spanish and Colombian interests in the region make it much more difficult, with clearly the Colombian interests being the simplest to get past without problems.

In Africa, France was, along with the British, the nation that did the best to go out taking land in Africa in order to "civilize the Africans", acquired with the Partition of Africa, France has domains that extend from the Sahara to the north , to the Congo River in the south, from the West African coast to the border with British Sudan in the east, the colonies known as French Algeria, French Sudan, French Guinea, French Upper Volta, French Dahomey, Territory of Chad, Ubangi-Shari and the Middle Congo, French Madagascar and French Somaliland. France also exercises some protectorates in Africa, in total two, the Protectorate of Morocco and the Protectorate of Tunisia, both obviously being under French Influence and Protection without autonomy, where the French Empire manages Moroccan and Tunisian diplomatic relations.

## Three extra images

A little extra images, in this case flags, the national flag of France was placed in this topic.

National Flag/State Flag and Civil Flag of the French Empire, the classic tricolor and most famous French flag, created on French Revolution inspired on flag of Paris, additioning an white mark between the red and blue mark