Adlertag

***Adlertag*** ("Eagle Day") was the first day of *Unternehmen Adlerangriff* ("Operation Eagle Attack"), which was the codename of a military operation by Nazi Germany's *Luftwaffe* (German air force) to destroy the British Royal Air Force (RAF). By June 1940, the Allies had been defeated in Western Europe and Scandinavia. Rather than come to terms with Germany, Britain rejected all overtures for a negotiated peace.

During the Battle of Britain, Hitler gave the German armed forces (*Wehrmacht*) a directive (Directive No. 16) that ordered provisional preparations for invasion of Britain. This operation was codenamed Operation Sea Lion (*Unternehmen Seelöwe*). Before this could be carried out, air superiority or air supremacy was required. The *Luftwaffe* was to destroy the RAF in order to prevent it from attacking the invasion fleet or providing protection for the Royal Navy's Home Fleet, which might attempt to prevent a landing by sea. On 1 August Hitler gave the *Luftwaffe* commander-in-chief, *Reichsmarschall* (Empire Marshal) Hermann Göring and the *Oberkommando der Luftwaffe* (High Command of the Air Force) a directive (Directive No. 17) to launch the air assault.

The essential target was RAF Fighter Command. The service's destruction would deny the British their air superiority asset. Throughout July and early August, the Germans made preparations for *Adlertag*. The date of the assault was postponed several times because of bad weather. Eventually, it was carried out on 13 August 1940. The German attacks on 13 August inflicted significant damage and casualties on the ground, but, marred by poor intelligence and communication, they did not make a significant impression on Fighter Command's ability to defend British air space.

Göring had promised Hitler that *Adlertag* and *Adlerangriff* would achieve the results required within days, or at worst weeks. It had meant to be the beginning of the end of RAF Fighter Command, but *Adlertag* and the following operations failed to destroy the RAF, or gain the necessary local air superiority. As a result, Operation Sea Lion was postponed indefinitely.

## Sources

1. ↑ Bungay, Stephen. The Most Dangerous Enemy: A History of the Battle of Britain. London: Aurum Press. 2000. ISBN 978-1-85410-721-3 (hardcover), 2002, ISBN 978-1-85410-801-2 (paperback) p. 207.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Bungay 2000, p. 211.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bungay 2000, p. 371.
4. ↑ Donnelly, Larry. The Other Few: Bomber and Coastal Command Operations in the Battle of Britain. Red Kite. 2004. ISBN 978-0-9546201-2-7 pp. 88–89.
5. ↑ Note excluding 4 casualties from Australia; the Commonwealth War Graves Commission lists only 25 Civilian casualties 13 August 1940
6. ↑ Taylor, John and Moyes, Phillip. Pictorial History Of The R.A.F.: Volume One 1918–1939. Ian Allan. 1968. ASIN: B000QIV8AM p. 23.–48
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Hough, Richard and Denis Richards. The Battle of Britain: Pen & Sword. 2007. ISBN 978-1-84415-657-3 p. 162.
8. ↑ Mason, Francis. Battle Over Britain. McWhirter Twins Ltd, London. 1969. ISBN 978-0-901928-00-9 pp. 240–243.
9. ↑ Hough and Richards 2007, p. 154.
10. ↑ Murray 1983, p. 50.
11. ↑ Bungay 2000, p. 203.
12. ↑ Fiest 1993, p. 28.
13. ↑ Mason 1969, p. 236.
14. ↑ Trevor-Roper 2004, pp. 74–79.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Bungay 2000, p. 210.
16. ↑ Mackay, Ron (2003). *Heinkel He 111*. Crowood Aviation Series. Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire, UK: Crowood Press. ISBN 978-1-86126-576-0.  Page 71