recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Panservogn m/39

The Panservogn m/39 is an upgraded version of the Panservogn m/35, developed by the Kampvogn Committee in 1937. The m/35 was reevaluated and pitted against other contemporary vehicles, including the Landsverk L-120 and the Pantserwagen M39, in order to identify areas for improvement. The trials revealed that the m/35 was too complex and overall weak compared to other contemporary designs, prompting the need for an upgrade.

### Design and Development

The main reasons for the upgrade included the complex and unreliable suspension, as well as the overly complicated design of the m/35. The transmission was also completely redesigned to reduce wear and tear. Additionally, a stronger 45mm gun was favored in the upgrade program, and more armor was added, along with an extension to the fuel tanks.

The Panservogn m/39 served as Norway's main light tank, even when the superior Panservogn m/42 was introduced, due to the small number of m/42s produced. The m/39 was equipped with new shells that brought it up to the standard of other tanks of the time.

### Combat History

The Panservogn m/39 first saw action at the Battle of Horten on April 10th, 1940, where a single company consisting of 1 Medium Tank as a command unit and 14 m/39s, along with an additional 50 combat-capable personnel, fought against a German taskforce of about 100 soldiers. The company, named "Horten Kystforsvars Kompani," was able to encircle and capture the German forces after a day of skirmishing outside of Horten city.

### Later Variants

In late 1941, the Kampvogn Committee determined that the m/39 needed an upgrade in range and weaponry. A new development program was initiated, with input from experienced crew members who had used the m/39 in order to identify areas for improvement. After several months, a new model of the m/39 was developed, the Panservogn m/39 R/(1942), which featured a new engine, minor updates, a new and more spacious turret design, and a 67mm cannon with ammunition that brought it up to contemporary standards. Additionally, new external fuel tanks were added to increase the tank's range.
WW2, Swedish Theatre (1941-45)

# **In Depth Timeline**

## Participants

* Stormgruppen Sverige (Fascist Sweden)

* Norway
* Remnant Sweden

## Commanders and Leaders

* Konrad Hallgren
* TBD

* King Olav V
* King Gustaf V
* Jacob Hvinden Haug
* Olof Gerhard Thörnell

## Strength

TBD

160,000 (10 Divisions)

## Casualties and Losses

TBD

TBD

Officially starting on the 17th of May 1941 the conflict had been escalating ever since the The Death of King Håkon VII and with the support of the king of Sweden. It all started when nazi and fascist alligned high ranking officers in the swedish army, navy and airforce found the location of the king that was evacuating Oslo. Reporting his location to the German legation in Stockholm. This directly led to the death of King Håkon and most of the parlament including prime minister Johan Nygårsvold.

## Sweden Fractured (1940)

After the Message from the king of sweden condemning the actions the fascist and nazi alligned officers, a nation wide manhunt ensued to find and aprehend these officers. Sadly by the time the news came out had the officers deserted with the loyal men that they had. Internal conflicts rose as the now 3 way split ensues. The Monarcists and Regular Army, Fascists/Nazi alligned.

The fascist and nazi alligned Swedish army named themselves "Stormgruppen Sverige (Storm Group Sweden)" led by former German officer Konrad Hallgren, and the others stayed as Sweden.

After the fracture the Germans offered assistance to Stormgruppen Sverige. This gave the group enough power to get the upperhand in the Swedish fracture war.

## Stockholm Falls (1941)

After almost a year of back and fourth between the Swedish army and Stormgruppen Sverige at 4th of January Stockholm is taken by the ever growing force. At this point the remnants of the Swedish army had only one realistic option if they wanted to stay in the fight. This option was to jump the border and join Norway in their fight against the Third Reich. Since Sweden was now under the control of Konrad Hallgren.

At this point in the war Norway had been slowly pushed back and both sides where grinded to a halt. Attrition was the Germans since the unexpected efficiency of the Norwegian armored squads and the defence installations that was created during the Norwegian military revisions of 1929.

Norway at the time was grateful that the remaining Swedish army was willing to help the Norwegians, although many Officers and high ranking military officials where afraid that the newly Fascist Sweden would retaliate and declare war on Norway since they had intercepted some documents that inclined that Hitler had plans to invite sweden to join the Axis Powers.
Route 239

### Via

Marine Dr, W 3 St, Lonsdale Quay, Main St, Phibbs Exchange, Lillooet Rd, Purcell Way

### Service Area

West Vancouver
North Vancouver

Route 239 was a bus route operated by Coast Mountain Bus Company in North Vancouver and West Vancouver.

## History

* February 1974: *Route 215 Lillooet* introduced for service between Capilano College and Phibbs Exchange
* September 1976: *239 Crosstown* introduced with service from Phibbs Exchange to Park Royal
* April 1998: Service extended to Capilano College (now Capilano University) with cancellation of 218
* September 1998: Overload peak trips discontinued with extended 28 service to Capilano College (now Capilano University)
* April 2008: Bus bay at Lonsdale Quay moved to the west side of the station to facilitate operational efficiency
* June 2008: Late night service extended from Lonsdale Quay to Capilano University
* June 2011: All trips revised to serve Capilano University and route joined the FTN
* September 2018: All trips revised to operate on Lillooet Road instead of Old Lillooet Road
* April 2020: Service discontinued; portion between Park Royal and Phibbs Exchange replaced with the R2 Marine Drive RapidBus; portion between Phibbs Exchange and Capilano University replaced with the new 245

## Route Information

* Operated by standard 40 ft. diesel buses
* Was part of the FTN

## Routing

From Park Royal via Marine, 3 St, Chesterfield, Esplanade, Lonsdale Ave, Carrie Cates Court, Lonsdale Quay, Carrie Cates Court, Lonsdale Ave, 3 St, Cotton, Main, Mountain Hwy, Oxford, Phibbs Exchange, Oxford, Mountain Hwy, Fern, Lillooet, Purcell Way to Capilano University

From Capilano University via Purcell Way, Lillooet, Fern, Mountain Hwy, Oxford, Phibbs Exchange, Main, Cotton, 3 St, Lonsdale Ave, Carrie Cates Court, Lonsdale Quay, Carrie Cates Court, Lonsdale Ave, Esplanade, Chesterfield, 3 St, Marine to Park Royal North and Park Royal South
International Relations

### The Netherlands

The Kingdom of Norway had a mutually benificial trade agreement with the Netherlands. And in 1890 the military officials of both countries agreed to have Joint military exercises in Norway, The Netherlands and even The Dutch East Indies although this was quite rare.

When both contries where invaded many civillians and military individuals joined each respective Voluenteer Corps to assist each other. When Norway was invaded over a thousand dutch people voluentered. Many stayed in Norway untill the end of the war, Many of these people where awarded the "Haakon VII Freedom Cross" By King Olav Himself.

With many other exchanges such as the assistance in the Second Boer War (1899-1902) the connection between Norway and the Netherlands was apparent.
Panservogn m/35-R2

## Development

The Panservogn m/39 was a tank developed by Norway in 1939. The first 200 units were created by using the hulls of the existing Panservogn m/35 tanks and stripping the suspension and removing the turret. The new parts from the m/39 were then used to create the m/35-R2, which served as a stopgap measure until the m/39 was in full production.

The Panservogn m/35-R2 was an attempt to improve the mobility and firepower of the m/35, which was outdated by the time of the German invasion in 1940. The m/35-R2 was equipped with a new suspension system, which improved its cross-country capabilities and allowed it to keep up with the German tanks. The turret was also replaced with a new one, which was equipped with a 45 mm gun and a machine gun.

## Combat History

The Panservogn m/35-R2 saw significant action during the German invasion of Norway in 1940. The tank was deployed as part of the Norwegian army's defense against the German invaders, and was used in several engagements, including the Battle of Narvik. Many of the tanks were lost in combat, and no new tanks were made as the m/39 was already in production. Despite this, the R2 had a short but combat-rich history, with many of the surviving crew members praising it as a great alternative to the regular m/35. They reported that the m/35-R2 was able to keep up with the German tanks and was able to engage them effectively with its 45mm gun.

## Post War

After the war, very few Panservogn m/35-R2 tanks remained. Out of the original 200, only 4 are known to exist today. These include:

* m/35-R2 Nr.2, located in the Norwegian Armored Heritage museum
* m/35-R2 Nr.47, located in the Narvik Warmuseum
* 2x m/35-R2 tanks in poor condition, located in the Panzer Museum Munster

The Panservogn m/35-R2 serves as a reminder of the unique and significant contributions made by Norway during the Second World War. Despite the limited resources and short production run, the m/35-R2 was able to play an important role in the defense of Norway and the training of its crew members with its 45mm gun.
Route 187

Route 187 is a bus route operated by Coast Mountain Bus Company in Coquitlam that provides a counter-clockwise service in Parkway Blvd.

## History

For past route changes, see C29

* December 2016: Route re-numbered to **187** from *C29*
* June 2017: Weekday short-turn trips introduced during peak hours to meet the West Coast Express
* January 2021: All trips revised to run full-length to Parkway Blvd

## Ridership

**\*\*For data before 2017, go to route C29**

## Routing

From Coquitlam Central Station via access road, Mariner, Johnson, Plateau, Paddock, Plateau to Parkway

From Parkway at Plateau via Parkway, Johnson, access road under Mariner Way overpass to Coquitlam Central Station
Route C9

Route C9 was a community shuttle operated by Coast Mountain Bus Company in New Westminster and Burnaby.

## History

* April 2011: Service introduced, replacing 112 between New West Station and Lougheed Station
* September 2014: Weekday early morning, midday, evening and weekend day service reduced to 60 mins
* April 2016: Re-routed southbound on an interim basis via Richmond Street and Jamieson Court
* September 2016: Service on East Columbia Street between Cumberland and Richmond Streets discontinued
* September 2018: Route re-numbered to 109

## Ridership

**\*\*For data after 2017, go to route 109**
Stormvogn m/36

## Stormvogn m/39

After seeing German SPG's throughout Europe many armies saw a use in quicklly produced vehicles focusing on speed and firepower. The Royal Norwegian Army was amongst those.

Being cheaper and easier to produce than full on tanks, the Norwegian government saw these AFVs as a quick and affordable way to fill up the ranks of the Royal Cavalry Section's armoured vehicles.

Troll Bilindustri came up with the "Stromvogn" project.

Using converted hulls and an open top casemate instead of a turret the first Stormvogn, the m/36 mounted a 60mm "Stormkanon". The Assaultcannon is not entirely a howitzer but not a pure anti-tank weapon either. Designed for use agains light vehicles, infantry and fortified positions.
Tank Crewman

## Firearms

Since the Norwegian Tank's where not as spaceius as other nations tanks, compact firearms where needed.

Early on the crewmen used a mixture of the M/1914 Kongsberg Colt pistol and the M/1897 Engineer carbine. The carbine was short enough to take the role as it was short enough to fit in most of the tanks, although not many where left in surplus storage. In 1936 when the Maskinpistol Model 1936 was introduced it was finally decided that the smg would be the used together with the M/1929 Kongsberg Colt since both utilized the 11,25mm cartrage.
Norwegian Theatre 1940

# **Back to Overview**

## Important Events

1. [Year/Event Name/Location]: Brief summary of the event.
2. [Year/Event Name/Location]: Brief summary of the event.
3. [Year/Event Name/Location]: Brief summary of the event.

## Battles

### Initial Invasion:

1. [9th of April/Battle of Drøbak Sound]: German Ships are able to run the blockade. "Norge" is lost. Blücher and 2 minesweepers lost for the Germans, Emden Badly Damaged.
2. [9th of April/Battle of Oslo]: Brief summary of the battle.
3. [9th of April/Battle of Narvik]: Brief summary of the battle.
4. [9th of April/Battle of Kristiansand]: Brief summary of the battle.
5. [9th of April/Battle of Trondheim]: Brief summary of the battle.
6. [9th of April/Battle of Bergen]: Brief summary of the battle.
7. [9th of April/Battle of Sola]: Brief summary of the battle.
8. [9th of April/Battle of Horten]: Brief summary of the battle.
Route 280

Route 280 is a community shuttle bus route operated by First Transit in Bowen Island.

## History

For past route changes, see *C10*

* April 2018: Service re-numbered from *C10* to **280**

## Ridership

**\*\*For data before 2018, go to route C10**

## Routing

Snug Cove to Bluewater (Windjammer Road at Arbutus Point Road)via Cardena, Bowen Trunk Rd, Grafton; then some trips via Artisan Lane, Artisan Square, Artisan Lane; then all trips via Grafton, Adams; then by request only via Tunstall, Reef, Whitesails, Tunstall, Adams; then all trips via Bowen Bay Rd, Windjammer to Arbutus Point Rd

Bluewater (Windjammer Road at Arbutus Point Rd) to Snug Cove via Windjammer, Spyglass, Windjammer, Captain’s Way, Windjammer, Bowen Bay Rd, Adams, Tunstall, Reef, Whitesails, Tunstall, Adams, Grafton; then some trips via Artisan Lane, Artisan Square, Artisan Lane; then all trips via Grafton, Bowen Trunk Rd, Cardena to Snug Cove
Route 603

Route 603 is an express, peak-only bus route operated by Coast Mountain Bus Company in Delta and Richmond that provides service to the Canada Line.

## History

* September 2009: Northern terminus moved from Downtown Vancouver to Bridgeport Station; Vancouver portion of route replaced by Canada Line
* December 2010: Reduce PM peak to 30 mins
* June 2011: Adjust schedule to align with other trips to South Delta

## Route Information

* Operated by highway coaches/standard 40 ft. buses
* Weekday service during peak hours
* Express service with limited stops
Markings and Emblems

## Marking and Unit Emblems

Marking and unit emblems are essential for armored vehicles, serving both logistical and personal purposes. The Norwegian Army employed a simple but effective numbering system for their tanks in the interwar era, which was reworked and improved in 1938.

### Interwar Era (1928-1938)

During the interwar period, technical markings were kept minimal on Norwegian tanks, with only a basic number for quick identification by the commander. The system worked on a 2 digit system where regular units had the numbers 1-10 and the commanding tank had the digit 00. This system was used up to 1938, when it was reworked.

#### Wartime (1939-1940)

In 1939, the system was improved as follows: tanks in each regiment were assigned a letter. This allowed for easy identification of tanks within a regiment. The letter was usually painted on the side of the tank. For example, the identification for Tank B in IR11 (Infantry Regiment 11) would be "B-11".

During the wartime, the system was used to easily identify the tanks of the different regiments, and also to make them stand out on the battlefield. This helped the commanders to communicate the position of the tanks, and also for the tanks crews to identify their own tanks, and those of the enemy.

In addition, the letter that was assigned to the tank was also used as a call sign, this was important for communication purposes during the battle, as it made it easy for the commanders to call out specific tanks.

#### Production markings

   Beyond standard identification markings, tanks were inscribed with production markings detailing the number of the tank within the production series and denoting the manufacturing factory. Typically found at the rear of the tank in the form of a brass plate, these markings served administrative and historical documentation purposes. For instance, in the serial number 072-FV, '072' signifies the sequential number of the tank produced, while 'FV' indicates the specific factory where it was manufactured, in this case, 'Forsvarsverkene'.

#### Personal or Unique markings

Personal or unique markings were also a common feature of the Norwegian tank markings, chosen by the tank commander. These markings were added to add character and distinction to each tank and were used to personalize the tanks. The tank commander would request permission from his superiors to add a custom logo/marking or other to the tank.

The Norwegian Army's simple and effective numbering system, coupled with the personalization of tanks through unique markings, helped to clearly identify and distinguish tanks on the battlefield. This system, which was reworked and improved in 1938, allowed for easy identification of tanks within a regiment, and was an important aspect of the Norwegian Army's operations during the interwar period and WWII.

###
Kongsberg Våpen og Stridsvogn Fabrikk

Founded in 1814 in an economic downturn in the town of Kongsberg. Originally producing blank firearms and small arms for the military. After a steadily increasing production, in 1929 the factory had a massive expansion following the revision of the military plans in 1929. This allowed the factory to expand by roughly 3 times, and also gave the factory the funds to open a new branch for tank development and production. With this they renamed themselves to "Kongsberg Våpen og Stridsvogn Fabrikk" ("Kongsberg Weapons and Tank Factory").

### Ship Weaponry

Starting in 1904, Kongsberg produced most of the low calibre canons on Norwegian ships. This ranged from small 37mm guns all the way up to the larger 75mm and 105mm guns. Some of the earlier guns where license produced Hotchkiss L/35's and L/45's. With the production of these guns Kongsberg would have the tooling and experience to produce decent quality barrels and other key components.
Tordenskjold Class Coastal Battleship

### Armament

2 × 21 cm (8.3 in)/45 guns6 × 12 cm (4.7 in)/45 guns6 × 12-pounder (76 mm)/40 guns6 × 1-pounder QF guns2 × 45 cm (18 in) submerged torpedo tubes

### Armour

Harvey armorBelt : 7–4 in (178–102 mm)Turrets : 8–5 in (203–127 mm)

The Tordenskjold Class consisted of 2 ships that where built in Elswick, Great Britain. These ships where named "Tordenskjold" and "Harald Haarfagre"

In 1895, there was a conflict between the Norwegian and Swedish states, in the so-called consulate case. Where the navy had previously suffered from a lack of money, extraordinary funds were now granted on 25 July, which were used to erect fortifications and new ships. The result was the four armored ships "Tordenskjold", "Harald Haarfagre", "Norge" and "Eidsvold".

"Tordenskjold" and "Harald Haarfagre" where ordered in 1896 and finished in 1897. The armored ships were intended to serve in costal waters, and at the time was larges Norwegian vessels in service, together with the Eidsvold Class Coastal Battleship
Norwegian Theatre 1944

# Back to Overview

## Important Events

1. [Date/Event Name/Location]: Brief summary of the event.
2. [Date/Event Name/Location]: Brief summary of the event.
3. [Date/Event Name/Location]: Brief summary of the event.

## Battles

1. [Date/Battle Name]: Brief summary of the battle.
2. [Date/Battle Name]: Brief summary of the battle.
3. [Date/Battle Name]: Brief summary of the battle.
PZL.23N

## Other characteristics

### Engine

1 × P.Z.L. Pegasus IIM2 9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engines, 440 kW (590 hp) for take-off, rated at 570 hp (430 kW)

### Armament

* Guns: 1x fixed forward firing 7.7 mm (0.303 in) KM Wz.33 machine-gun + 2x flexibly mounted 7.7 mm (0.303 in) Vickers F machine guns, one each in dorsal and ventral positions
* Bombs: Up to 700 kg (1,500 lb) of bombs such as:-

2x flaresplus6x 100 kg (220 lb) high explosive bombsor8x 50 kg (110 lb) high explosive bombsor24x 12.5 kg (28 lb) fragmentation bombs
Selvladende Gevær M/1942

Designed in 1941 this rifle was made to compete in the Semi Automatic Rifle Trials of 1942. Although it was a rushed design as well as the trials being very short, this rifle was chosen to be the first semi automatic rifle of the Norwegian Army.

The core consept for this rifle was to use as much tooling from the Krag Jørgensen M/1929 Army as possible. Because of this Erik Jørgensen was tasked to consult on the project. The man behind the system was Olaf Hagen, a known Norwegian gunsmith and inventor. He had before in 1912 designed a interesting rifle and was even in the French semi automatic rifle trials of 1912. With this experience with the type of rifle, the two gunsmiths came up with the Selvladende Gevær Model of 1942. Also known as the Selvladegevær M/1942.

The guns front is almost entirely identical to the Krag Jørgensen. The only change being the new front gas block. Many internal parts was also kept such as the extractor, firing pin and other parts.

### Rough start for the rifle.

The first batch of rifles where produced crudely due to the situation Norway found themselves in. At this point in time they had been pushed out of Oslo and the Kongsberg area, this caused the Kongsberg Våpen og Stridsvogn Fabrikk to have to move their tooling and equipment ahead of time to the to less developed Raufoss Ammunisjonsfabrikker (RA) up north.

After everything was set up the continuation of the Krag Jørgensen M/1929 Army continued production aswell as the Selvladende Gevær started its first run of production.

As an experiment, a small batch of rifles where produced at the **Royal Small Arms Factory** (**RSAF**). Only 125 of rifles where made.

### Trial by Combat

The rifle first saw combat with the 4th infantry division when in 8th of June 1942 one company was tasked to attack Kongsvinger east of Oslo to start pushing the Germans back. In total 35 of the total 108 men where equipped with a Selvladegevær. When the attack begun the poorly supplied German soldiers where quick to realize the new weapons as they where used to bolt action rifles being used. The Germans where forced to retreat when the Norwegian retook control of the Town.

The rifle had some issues like gas leaks and other minor issues. This was quickly resolved.
Paint And Camouflage

Being essencial to any military force, Camouflage development was important for the Norwegian Army. With the development of the The "Kampvogn" Project, camouflage was critical.

## Early Camouflages (1928-1938)

With the purchase of the Vickers Medium MK.1 in 1928, it came with a basic green paint. It was decided that Norway would follow Sweden and paint their tanks a Light Grey color as the base paint. Other colors would be added ontop of the gray base paint.

The primer used on the tanks in general was a reddish brown color simmular to the german tanks.
Panservogn m/35

The Panservogn m/35 was Norway's first domestically-produced armored fighting vehicle (AFV) and served as a scout/infantry support tank during the interwar period. The vehicle was developed as part of the "Kampvogn" project, which aimed to establish a domestic tank production capability in Norway.

The Panservogn m/35 was designed by Forsvarsverkene, one of the prime candidates in the Kampvogn Committee's trials to select the first tank of the Panservogn Line. The vehicle was a universal tank capable of taking out light armored vehicles and providing infantry support. The vehicle was accepted as Norway's main tank in the inter-war era.

### Design and Development

The Panservogn m/35 was powered by an Armstrong Monarch V-8 engine, which helped to save space but resulted in limited access to the engine. The cramped space for the three-person crew, was one of the most significant issues faced by the vehicle, which required the army to seek out smaller individuals for tank crew duty. The driver also faced challenges, as the transmission and drivetrain were located in the rear, which made shifting gears and driving clunky and caused common gearbox damage due to human error.

### Service History

The Panservogn m/35 was used as a scout/infantry support tank and would be instrumental in the Norwegian tank doctrine development. It was used during the interwar period and its influence can be seen on many later models. The vehicle was retired from service after the war.

### Variants

Panservogn m/35-R2 was developed as a result of new performance trials in 1937, which highlighted the issues with the m/35. This led to the development of the Panservogn m/39. When production of the m/39 began, 200 of the 255 hulls were converted to the Panservogn m/35-R2. This new model incorporated the suspension and turret of the m/39. The remaining m/35s were also later converted to this variant.

### Finland

50 "Sold" to finland, its preformance in the winter war gave invaluable information to Forsvarsverkene. This allowed them to improve the Panservogn m/39 even more by giving it wider tracks for the harsh snow conditions of Finland.

### Surviving examples

After the war, only one full example and a partial example of the m/35 remain on display at the Norwegian Armored Heritage Museum. By the end of the German conflict, very few original m/35s would exist.
Norwegian Theatre 1943

# Back to Overview

## Important Events

1. [Date/Event Name/Location]: Brief summary of the event.
2. [Date/Event Name/Location]: Brief summary of the event.
3. [Date/Event Name/Location]: Brief summary of the event.

## Battles

1. [Date/Battle Name]: Brief summary of the battle.
2. [Date/Battle Name]: Brief summary of the battle.
3. [Date/Battle Name]: Brief summary of the battle.
Moss Kampvognsfabrikk No.3

## The Tank Proving Grounds and Development Factory

When Germany's loss was in sight the Kampvogn Committee Decided to set aside a part of the Moss Docks to open a new Tank Development Project, its goal was to gather capured and destroyed enemy vehicles and reverse engineer them.

This new Facility added a bigger military presance to the Small Town and many locals where worried that this could lead to attacks on the town, killing civillians.
Forsvarsvogn "Troll" m/37

## Norway's First "Heavy Tank"

The First Norwegian "Medium" Tank

The Forsvarsvogn "Troll" m/37 was a heavy tank developed by Norway during World War II. Despite its impressive size and stature, it was soon found to be lacking in both protection and armament. Although it saw several victories against smaller German and Swedish tanks in the early years of the war, it was soon outmatched in speed and weaponry by newer Axis tanks.

### Command Tank

It was quickly realized that the Forsvarsvogn was best suited as a command tank and was often used to lead tank squadrons in training. Its machine guns on the front and back made it well-suited for urban combat, and the tank also had great visibility, with the driver having the same port as the Panservogn m/35. With side views in the hull as well, it was considered a good option for command.

### Early Years of the War

In the early years of the war, the "Troll" was effective in the Norwegian towns and played a big role in the Battle for Oslo. Its 55mm gun was able to penetrate the lightly armored German Panzer I and II tanks. Its role as a command vehicle helped the fresh Norwegian tank crews as well as infantry in the heat of battle, allowing them to become battle-hardened faster.

### Issues Later in the War

As the war progressed, it became clear that the "Troll" was outdated. Its armor could not stand up to modern standards, and it was decided to develop a replacement. In 1943, the Forsvarsvogn "Fleischer" m/43 was developed and became the standard command tank for the Norwegian army for the rest of the war.

### The Last Troll

Up until 1975, it was believed that all "Trolls" had been destroyed, even the ones that had survived the war had been scrapped. However, one was discovered at the bottom of the Mjøsa lake. Many military officials pushed for the relic tank to be pulled out and in July of 1976, it finally was. Now called the Last "Troll," it was number 36 in the production line. After this, it was theorized that it was crossing the frozen lake and fell through the ice. In 1977, the tank had a full restoration and is now on display at the Norwegian Armored Heritage Museum.
Norwegian Theatre 1942

# Back to Overview

## Important Events

1. [Date/Event Name/Location]: Brief summary of the event.
2. [Date/Event Name/Location]: Brief summary of the event.
3. [Date/Event Name/Location]: Brief summary of the event.

## Battles

1. [Date/Battle Name]: Brief summary of the battle.
2. [Date/Battle Name]: Brief summary of the battle.
3. [Date/Battle Name]: Brief summary of the battle.
Kongsberg 37mm Stridsvognkanon (S) (Bofors)

Being the first cannon be used on the first production tank of Norway it needed to be reliable and simple to operate. Because of this the Kampvogn Committee thought that reaching out to Bofors AB and get them to assist in designing it

### Sweden's design

Bofors already had an existing 37mm Anti-tank gun as the base, the only things what was diffrent was the recoil system that Kongsberg Våpen og Stridsvogn Fabrikk came up with called the Kapsulert Rekyl System (KPS) for tanks. A new muzzle break and breech was also designed along with the other small changes to allow Kongsberg to produce them easier.

### The Infantry Anti Tank Variant

Norway also wanted a Vertical wedge mechanism variant for Infantry anti tank. And in 1937 the Kongsberg 37mm Stridsvognkanon (B) was designed, Inspired by the simple design of the Swiss "24 mm Tankbüchse 41"

### Short Lived

The gun had a short life of only 4 years in active service on tanks due to the new Panservogn m/39 having a better 45mm gun. Although the guns that remained was used in the Troll Panseret Kampbil m/39 until most of them where scrapped in 1941. After its time as a vehicle cannon was over all remaining ones where converted to Infantry cannons.
Coast Mountain Bus Company 9601-9699, 9701-9791, 9797-9799

**CMBC 9601-9699, 9701-9797, 9797-9799** are 193 NovaBus LFS buses built and delivered in 2007 and 2008, respectively.

## Details

 9602
 9603
 9604
 9605
 9619
 9620
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 9630
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 9638
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 9642
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 9759
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Norwegian Theatre 1945

# Back to Overview

## Important Events

1. [Date/Event Name/Location]: Brief summary of the event.
2. [Date/Event Name/Location]: Brief summary of the event.
3. [Date/Event Name/Location]: Brief summary of the event.

## Battles

1. [Date/Battle Name]: Brief summary of the battle.
2. [Date/Battle Name]: Brief summary of the battle.
3. [Date/Battle Name]: Brief summary of the battle.
Austronomical

**Austronomical** played The Jungle.

**Austronomical** came in 13th in The Jungle.

## Four Seasons

**Austronomical** came in 3rd in Four Seasons.

### Voting History

**^1** Zepless played a Hidden Immunity Idol on himself, negating Austronomical's vote.

**^2** Psy played a Hidden Immunity Idol on himself, negating Austronomical's vote.

## Desert Oasis

**Austronomical** came in 18th in Four Seasons.

### Voting History

 MajorWoof
 Dahii
 BigZ60
 MercuryParadox
Norwegian Theatre 1941

# Back to Overview

## Important Events

1. [Date/Event Name/Location]: Brief summary of the event.
2. [Date/Event Name/Location]: Brief summary of the event.
3. [Date/Event Name/Location]: Brief summary of the event.

## Battles

1. [Date/Battle Name]: Brief summary of the battle.
2. [Date/Battle Name]: Brief summary of the battle.
3. [Date/Battle Name]: Brief summary of the battle.
Torvogn m/30

## (KF) semi-amphibious naval assault version of the "Torvogn"

Torvogn m/36 (KF)

Designed by Otto og Mattis , a northerner and sami who designed it ca.1930-1934 and had one working prototype in time for the Panservogn Trials where the Panservogn m/35 ultimately won the contest. Whilst their design offered superior speed and handling to the others it had far less armour and the L/35 37mm Hotchkiss was lack luster. Instad of abandoning the design all together it was back to the drawing board, and this time they wanted to see if it was able to make it amphibious.

When the Royal Norwegian Navy caught wind of this new project in 1936, they reached out and showed intrest in amphibious warfare.. The "Torvogn" was light and relatively hydrodynamic. As a new variant was developed for the navy the 37mm Hotchkiss was removed and replaced with a water-cooled domestically produced Colt HMG.

After trials the newly designated "Torvogn (KF)" proved seaworthy, albeit rather slow whilst in the water.

Earning it's name after the Norse god of thunder "Tor" due to the distinct banging noise the tank would produce when making more than 15kh/h.

\*troubles in production led to only 10 of the 30 ordered from O&M, with this funding stopped and project scrapped. out of the 10 made only 5 saw any notable use in combat, the others where in a state of disrepair at the time of the war.

\*The most notable use of the "Torvogn (KF)" was in December 1940 when 4 were launched from the British heavy cruiser "Devonshire" to break through the ice and provide fire-support for landingcraft making their way to the city of Moss in order relieve the exhausted Norwegian and French defenders who had retreated to the island of "Jeløya" and push back the German force occupying the city and it's industrial plant.\*

### Fate of the Prototype

when Narvik was under siege by the Germans the main headquarters and warehouse that was housing the First Prototype was hit by a bomb from a German Aircraft. The warehouse took the brunt of the damage, the original trial prototype and the Christie Mattis Modell 1934 where destroyed.
Communist Sweden Civil War (1956-TBD)

# **In Depth Timeline**

## Participants

* Folkehemet (Sweden)
* USSR (Proxy)

* Norway
* United States Of America (Proxy)

## Commanders and Leaders

TBD

TBD

## Strength

TBD

TBD

## Casualties and Losses

TBD

TBD

11 years after the end of World war II and the establishment of the "Allied Interim Committee" also known as AIC, Norway deemed that Sweden was finally ready for new general elections. This wouldn't affect the AIC due to the Swedish royalty strongly supported the assistance Norway to help them get back on their feet. Tension was rising as the Soviet union seemed to have interest in the Swedish people after the war, this was due to the assistance the Union had in capturing key strategic locations north of Sweden.

### August 29th 1956, The day of chaos.

Everything was going smoothly with the election period, votes were counted, debates were held. But in Stockholm at 14:05 a large group of armed communist radicals attempted to storm the AIC headquarters and other key government buildings. This was quickly thwarted when local security forces and AIC garrison engaged and stopped the Coup d'etat. Although the attempt was stopped, this was not before many of the radicals was killed by the AIC. This causes a massive ripple in the Swedish political sphere. The day after, the radical communist group known as (Folkhemet)(People's home) claimed full responsibility for the attempted Coup and claimed that:

"Norwegian mercenaries had slaughtered the peaceful protest in Stockholm in an attempt at suppressing the Swedish people, with the king laying his head down like a lap dog."

With this statement they encouraged the people to rise up against the "Norwegian Overlord" and tear down the monarchy which allowed it in the first place. After this many people were convicted and soon communist guerrilla forces was formed with several war veterans joining. Norway reacts and sends "Peacekeeping units" to communist hotspots.

### The Proxy Begins.

During this time of turmoil, the USSR sees an opportunity and starts to support Folkhemet with arms and advisors. The United States sees the possible conflict and supports Norway with tactical advisors. Both of these supports programs were expanded later on as the conflict escalated into a borderless war.
Ammunition

## Norwegian Tank Ammunition

Norwegian tanks have been equipped with a variety of different types of ammunition throughout their history. In this overview, we will examine the different types of ammunition used during the prewar era (1928-1939), the wartime era (1939-1945), and the modernization era (post-1945).

### Prewar Era (1928-1939)

During the prewar era, tanks in Norway were equipped with solid shot . This type of ammunition was simple and straightforward, consisting of a solid piece of metal that was fired directly at the target. There were no major innovations in tank ammunition during this time, as tanks were still relatively new technology and their use in warfare was not yet well understood.

### Wartime Era (1939-1945)

During the wartime era, the standard tanks in Norway were equipped with a mix of armor-piercing (AP) and high-explosive (HE) shells. The AP shells were designed to penetrate the armor of enemy tanks, while the HE shells were used to destroy other types of targets such as buildings and fortifications.

The Stormvogn and Jegervogn line of tanks were equipped with a different type of ammunition known as armor-piercing high-explosive (APHE). This combined with the armor-piercing capabilities of the AP shells with the high-explosive capabilities of the HE shells.

### Modernization (post-1945)

After the war, the Norwegian tanks began to show their age, and there was a need to modernize the fleet. One of the key innovations in this period was the development of armor-piercing discarding sabot (APDS) for the older tanks such as the Panservogn m/39 (R2). These shells were able to give the tanks more than 200mm of armor penetration, greatly increasing their effectiveness against modern armor.

The use of APDS allowed Norway to keep their tanks in service for longer period of time and improved their combat capabilities, even as newer and more advanced tanks were developed.

Today, Norway continues to modernize their tank fleet with new technologies and innovations in tank ammunition, ensuring that their tanks remain effective in the ever-changing battlefield.
Kampvogn Committee

The Kampvogn Committee was a significant entity in the history of Norwegian military development. Founded in 1928, it served as the leading body for the development of armored warfare in Norway. The Committee was composed mainly of military personnel who had a strong understanding of the intricacies and complexities of armored combat. This expertise allowed them to provide insightful assessments of the various vehicle trials and projects they oversaw.

One of the key factors in the Committee's success was the inclusion of foreign members, who brought new perspectives and ideas to the table. The Foreign Influence program, initiated in 1933, added American advisor Richard K. Miller to the Committee's ranks, further broadening its international influence. However, after the arrest of Quisling, most of the personnel handpicked by him were removed, allowing for a fresh start for the Committee.

The Committee's impact on the development of the Norwegian tank doctrine was invaluable. Led by Colonel Christopher Fougner, the Committee's six members were responsible for assessing and managing vehicle trials, allowing for the creation and implementation of innovative tank strategies and techniques. The expertise and perspectives of the Committee members, combined with the international influence brought by foreign members and Miller, resulted in the creation of a unique and effective Norwegian tank doctrine that greatly impacted the country's military capabilities.

The following is a list of the members of the Kampvogn Committee:

The legacy of the Kampvogn Committee is one of innovation and excellence. Its contributions to the development of the Norwegian tank doctrine continue to shape the country's military capabilities to this day.
Stormvogn m/41

Lightly armed and armoured, the Stormvogn m/41 was designed to provide fast response to sudden attacks. The small and quick design wnt into service in 1941 as a fast response anti infantry SPG, capable of taking on only lightly armoured tanks and vehicles.

The Stormvogn m/41 saw service prmarily as a ambush and defensive vehicle utilizing it's small size and high speed to outflank and suprise hostile formations.

Armed with a domestically produced Kongsberg 60mm howitzer, that whilst not as powerful as regular AT guns packs a good punch but is primarily for use against infantry and fortifications. The m/41 was the first Norwegian AFV to be officially equipped with HEAT rounds in 1942, as a means to enhance it's AT capabilities.
Ålesund Class

## Ålesund Class Destroyer

BASED ON : I 1938 begynte Marinens Hovedverft arbeidet på to nye skip av samme konstruksjon som Sleipnerklassen, men av større deplasement: 1220 tonn. Bestykningen ville bestå av 4x120mm Bofors (dobbelt tårn i front og to enkle akter), 2x40mm Bofors luftvernartilleri, 2x13mm maskinkanon og 2x4 533mm torpedoer. Disse sto uferdige da Norge kapitulerte i 1940, kun skrogene var produsert. Disse ble aldri ferdigstilt under tysk administrasjon som følge av effektiv sabotasje. Etter krigen fikk skipene betegnelsen Ålesund-klasse, men skipene ble aldri ferdigstilt, og ble vraket i 1956.
Rifles

##### Conversion of 1929

As the Kongsberg factory was expanding funding for the Krag rifle was increased. This resulted in the Model of 1929 that had both minor and major improvements to the rifle.

### Selvladende Rifle Model 1942

The end result of the Semi Automatic Rifle Trials of 1942, designed by the Erik Jørgensen aswell as the Norwegian Gunsmith Olaf Hagen. Utilizing the Norwegian 6,5x55 Krag Cartridge, Krag Barrels where used as well as a lot of other parts. In Spirit this was a semi automatic Krag Rifle, unlike the Krag conversion the "Snabb".

#### Variants

 Selvladende Karabin M/1942
 Selvladende Gevær (K) M/1942

## Battlerifles

Norway had its main battlerifle trials in early 1960's. At this point the Norwegians had used the Selvladende Gevær M/1942 pattern rifle as its primary small arms. \*Add Contesters to trial here\*

The Trials ended with the Norwegian Army Adopting its own pattern of the FN Fal. This was a controversial choice with many domestic designers offering rifles that suited Norway better.
Panserkampvogn m/39

The Panserkampvogn m/39 (Pkv m/39) was a Norwegian tank developed in the 1930s as an improvement over the earlier Panservogn m/35. The need for a heavier and better armed tank became a priority, and the first prototype left the works at Forsvarsverkene in 1938, and production began in 1939.

### Design and Armament

The Panserkampvogn m/39 was designed to go up against heavier armored vehicles than the m/35 and was armed with a L/20,5 M/39 Mountain cannon that has been re-barreled from 75 to 65mm and lengthened the shell to provide more penetrative power against armored vehicles. The Pkv m/39 was developed in conjunction with the British military mission and was able to take on all contemporary German and Swedish tanks from any side thanks to the cannon.

### Vulnerabilities

Although more heavily armoured than the Panservogn m/35 the Pkv m/39 was relatively lightly armoured for it's size, and vulnerable to the upgraded 50mm guns of the Panzer III as well as HEAT shells from the 75mm mounted on the Panzer IV and StuG III.

### Service during WWII

As the war raged on the Pkv m/39 served with distinction, but by 1943 it was becoming obvious that it's 65mm cannon was struggling with the increasingly more armored German tanks. As such it was decided that a new main gun was needed for the tank that by then made up a large part of the Norwegian armored fighting force.

### Upgrades

Experiments began the same year and around new year 1943-44 a successful model was made, armed with a new 80mm cannon developed jointly with the US Army. Work soon began refitting all available m/39s with the new 80mm. Although its armor was by this time rather lackluster, its good speed allowed it an upper hand against the increasingly heavier German tanks.

Although its armour was by this time rather lackluster, it's good speed allowed it an upperhand against the increasingly heavier German tanks.

### Surviving Examples

Despite being heavily used during World War II, only a small number of Panserkampvogn m/39 tanks have survived to the present day. Currently, around 8 examples of the Pkv m/39 are known to exist. One of these surviving tanks is on display at the Norwegian Armored Heritage Museum in Rena, Norway. This tank is considered to be one of the best-preserved examples of the Pkv m/39 and is a popular attraction at the museum. The other surviving examples are in various locations and private collections.

It is worth mentioning that the exact number of surviving examples of Panserkampvogn m/39 may vary as the discovery of new tanks may occur or previously known tanks may have been scrapped or dismantled.

The Panserkampvogn m/39 is an important part of Norway's military history, and the surviving examples serve as a reminder of the country's efforts to defend itself during World War II. The tank on display at the Norwegian Armored Heritage Museum is a particularly valuable historical artifact as it provides a glimpse into the design and technology of tanks during the war.
Torpedo Boat 2nd Class

## General characteristics

### Displacement

* Early Production : 40 ton
* Late Production : 75 ton

### Propulsion

* Pre 1902 : Steam engine (640hp)
* Post 1902: Steam engines
	+ «Hauk» and «Falk» : 750hp
	+ «Ørn» and «Ravn» : 1 024/1 048 hp
	+ «Kjell» Final : 1 864 hp

### Speed

* Pre 1902 : 18 Knots
* Post 1902
	+ «Ørn» and «Ravn» : 23 Knots
	+ «Kjell» Final : 25,8 Knots

### Crew Compliment

* Early Production : 11
* Late Production : 21

### Armament

* 1x Hull Mounted Torpedo launcher
* 1x 37mm Hotchkiss L/35 (Most, 14 of them had 2x)
HNoMS Haakon VII

### Displacement

10,160 t (10,000 long tons) (standard)10,950 t (10,780 long tons) (Normal)13,677 t (13,461 long tons) (full load)

### Length

186.2 m (610.89 ft) overall180 m (590.55 ft) between perpendiculars

### Propulsion

6 Guyot du Temple boilers, 27 kg/cm² (325°F)4-shaft Rateau-Bretagne single-reduction geared steam turbines for 82,850.88 shp (61,781.89 kW)

### Armament

Initial8 × 203 mm (8.0 in)/50 guns (4 × 2)12 × 100 mm (3.9 in)/45 guns (6 × 2)4 × 37 mm (1.5 in) light AA guns (4 × 1)16 × 13.2 mm (0.52 in) AA machine guns (4 × 4)6 × 550 mm (22 in) torpedo tubes (3 × 2)

Norwegian RefitTBD

### Armour

Armoured Belt: 110 mm (4.3 in)Deck: 30 mm (1.2 in) to 80 mm (3.1 in)Turrets: 100 mm (3.9 in) face. 70 mm (2.8 in) sides and roof, 50 mm (2.0 in) rearConning tower: 100 mm (3.9 in) sides, 70 mm (2.8 in) roofSteering gear: 26 mm (1.0 in) sides and 18 mm (0.71 in) roof

## HNoMS Haakon VII

The HNoMS Haakon VII was a heavy cruiser that served in the Norwegian Navy during World War II. It originally began its service life as the French heavy cruiser Algerie.

### Acquisition by Norway

The Algerie was hit by German aircraft and abandoned off the coast of Trondheim while escorting Allied transports on the Edinburgh-Trondheim route. The Norwegian Navy saw potential in the ship and decided to salvage it and put it into service as Norway's new pride.

### Refit and Upgrades

The ship underwent a significant refit and upgrade, including the installation of a new propulsion system and radar.

### Issues and Modification

Despite these upgrades, the ship faced several issues during its service. One of the main issues was with one of the turrets, which had been damaged in the attack that led to the french abandoning it. After several failed attempts to fix the problem, the decision was made to replace the problematic turret with an anti-air gun platform. This modification allowed the HNoMS Haakon VII to better defend against aerial threats and improved its overall effectiveness in battle.

### Service History

The HNoMS Haakon VII served in the Norwegian Navy during World War II.