recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Caroline Herschel (1750 - 1848)

Caroline Herschel was the first woman to discover a comet. Her work with her brother, William Herschel, led to the discovery of the planet Uranus.

## Known for

Finding several comets

First woman to be awarded a Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1828), and to be named an Honorary Member of the Royal Astronomical Society (1835, with Mary Somerville)

When the crown began paying her for her assistance to her brother in 1787, she became the first woman—at a time when even men rarely received wages for scientific enterprises—to receive a salary for their services to science.

Caroline added her final entry to her observing book on 31 January 1824 about the Great Comet of 1832, which had already been discovered on 29 December 1823.

## Find more

Wikipedia

Women rock science tumblr
Elena Cornaro Piscopia (1646 - 1684)

Elena Piscopia was an Italian philosopher and mathematician who became the first woman to earn a doctoral degree (1678). After graduating, she lectured on math at the University of Padua. She is honored with a stained-glass window at Vassar College in New York.

By age seventeen Elena Piscopia was also considered to be an expert musician. During her life, in addition to mastering the sciblis of her time-which means she mastered almost the entire body of knowledge-Elena mastered the harpsichord, the clavichord, the harp, and the violin. Her mastery of musical instruments was crowned by the music she composed.

Elena Piscopia did not seek degrees from the University of Padua; she simply wanted to continue her learning. However, Giovanni Cornaro insisted that the world recognize his daughter's incredible knowledge. Thus, at his insistence, Elena applied for a Doctorate of Theology degree from the University of Padua. Her application met with resistance. Officials in the Roman Catholic Church refused to confer the title of Doctor of Theology upon a woman. Elena applied, again, at her father's insistence. This time the Church compromised and allowed Elena Piscopia to apply for a Doctorate of Philosophy instead.

Elena Piscopia's Examination for the Doctor of Philosophy degree was to be held in the University Hall of the University of Padua, but due to the multitude of spectators it was transferred to the Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin, Padua. Throughout her examination, Elena's brilliant answers amazed and awed her examiners, who determined that her vast knowledge surpassed the Doctorate of Philosophy. On June 25, 1678 Elena Lucrezia Cornaro Piscopia received the Doctorate of Philosophy degree from the University of Padua.

## Known for

Mathematics, philosophy, theology (Catholic), astronomy, music

First woman to earn a doctoral degree (1678), at age 32

## Find more

Wikipedia

*The Lady Cornaro: Pride and Prodigy of Venice*, (1999), by Jane Smith Guernsey,  is said to be the first full-length study of the life of Lady Elena.

agnesscott.edu biography page
Dian Fossey (1932 - 1985)

Dian Fossey was a US primatologist and conservationist known for undertaking an extensive study of mountain gorilla groups from 1966 until her 1985 murder. She studied them daily in the mountain forests of Rwanda, initially encouraged to work there by paleoanthropologist Louis Leakey. Gorillas in the Mist, a book published two years before her death, is Fossey's account of her scientific study of the gorillas at Karisoke Research Center and prior career. It was adapted into a 1988 film of the same name.
Fossey was one of the foremost primatologists in the world, a member of the so-called "Trimates", a group formed of prominent female scientists originally sent by Leakey to study great apes in their natural environments, along with Jane Goodall who studied chimpanzees, and Birutė Galdikas, who studied orangutans.
During her time in Rwanda, she actively supported conservation efforts, strongly opposed poaching and tourism in wildlife habitats, and made more people acknowledge sapient gorillas. Fossey was brutally murdered in her cabin at a remote camp in Rwanda in December 1985. It has been theorized that her murder was linked to her conservation efforts. source: Wikipedia

## Known for

Study of gorillas

Gorillas in the Mist (1983)

## Works based on

Gorillas in the Mist (1985), biographical drama

All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace (2011), BBC documentary using her story in a larger story of ecology and post-colonialism

Dian Fossey: Secrets in the Mist (2017), a three-hour series, aired on National Geographic Channel
Madam Restell (1812 - 1878)

Ann Trow Lohman, better known as Madame Restell, was a 19th-century British-born American abortionist who practiced in New York City.

Madame Restell advertised her services as a "Female Physician" in newspapers such as the Herald and the New York Times. She and her husband Charles operated out of a large brownstone mansion on the northeast corner of Fifth Avenue and 52nd Street.
When Restell began her business, abortions were not illegal -- only surgical abortions were forbidden. Surgical abortions were defined as action taken after the quickening (when a woman started to feel the fetus move, typically around 4 months time). Restell's success began to attract copiers and competition, which drew the attention of the AMA, which launched a campaign in 1857 to end abortion. To rally support for their cause, the AMA targeted Restell, the most celebrated abortionist. The term "Restellism" became a euphemism for abortion. With the swift changes of law in New York at this time, Restell was constantly being hounded by authorities and anti-abortion crusaders to end her practice, facing several lawsuits and "trials in the press."
At last, convicted in one case, she served her sentence, and then reworked her business to remove surgical abortions entirely, concentrating her efforts on birth-control pills and renting her boarding house, charging for abortions on a sliding scale based on ability to pay. While Madame Restell dialed back her still-very-profitable business, the press did not leave her reputation to rest. She was dubbed "The Wickedest Woman in New York."
source: Wikipedia

## Known for

patent medicine for birth control

performing abortions

public face of abortion/anti-abortion sides in continuing debates

"Comstock's deception" - Postal inspector Anthony Comstock, first pretending to be a client, had her arrested and prosecuted her for sending "pornography" (which he officially defined as any information about preventing pregnancy) through the mails.

## Find more

Wikipedia  (page "has problems")

Podcast: "The Notorious Madame Restell: The Abortionist of Fifth Avenue," by the Bowery Boys / New York City history

## Works based on

Ann Trow Lohman is acknowledged as the inspiration for Kate Manning's heroine Annie "Axie" Muldoon in her historical novel *My Notorious Life* (2013)

Madame Restell is also a prominent character in Marge Piercy's historical novel, *Sex Wars* (2006), which depicts the social and political climate surrounding women's sexual, physical, and reproductive activities during the Gilded Age.

A minor character in Gore Vidal's historical novel *1876* (2000).
A minor character in Edward Rutherfurd's historical novel *New York* (2010).
Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909 - 2012)

During WW II, Rita Levi-Montalcini hid from the Nazis in her native Italy, prohibited because she was a Jew from working in academia or practicing medicine, and started her work on chicken embryos. That research eventually won her a Nobel Prize for discovering nerve growth factor, changing how doctors understand, diagnosis, and treat disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
Levi-Montalcini's father, Adamo Levi, was an electrical engineer and mathematician, and her mother, Adele Montalcini, was a painter. The family's Jewish roots extend back to the Roman Empire; due to the family's strict and traditional background, Adamo was not supportive of women attending college as it would intrude in their ability to tend to the children and house.
Levi-Montalcini had an older brother Gino, who died after a heart attack in 1974. He was one of the most well known Italian architects and a professor at the University of Turin.
She had two sisters: Anna, five years older than Rita, and Paola, her twin sister, a popular artist who died on 29 September 2000, age 91.
Levi-Montalcini never married and had no children. In a 2006 interview she said: "I never had any hesitation or regrets in this sense... My life has been enriched by excellent human relations, work and interests. I have never felt lonely."

## Known for

She was awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with colleague Stanley Cohen for the discovery of nerve growth factor (NGF).

In the 1990s, she was one of the first scientists to point out the importance of the mast cell in human pathology. In the same period (1993), she identified the endogenous compound palmitoylethanolamide as an important modulator of this cell.

From 2001 until her death, she also served in the Italian Senate as a Senator for Life.

On 22 April 2009, she became the first Nobel laureate ever to reach the age of 100, and the event was feted with a party at Rome's City Hall. At the time of her death, she was the oldest living Nobel laureate

Levi-Montalcini founded the European Brain Research Institute in 2002, and then served as its president. Her role in this institute was at the center of some criticism from some parts of the scientific community in 2010.

Controversies also were raised about the cooperation of Levi-Montalcini with the Italian pharmaceutical industry Fidia.

## Find more

Wikipedia

Levi-Montalcini, Rita, *In Praise of Imperfection: My Life and Work.*(*Elogio dell'imperfezione*) Basic Books, New York, 1988.

## Works based on

Rita-Levi Montalcini: A Pioneer in Neuroscience (PDF), 2016 graphic novel published by the Italian Senate.

Report from her memorial service
Elizabeth Blackwell (1821 - 1910)

Elizabeth Blackwell was a British physician, notable as the first woman to receive a medical degree in the United States, and the first woman on the Medical Register of the General Medical Council. She was well-known in both the United States and the United Kingdom as a social and moral reformer. She acted as a pioneer in promoting the education of women in medicine.

Elizabeth Blackwell was initially uninterested in a career in medicine especially after her schoolteacher brought in a bull's eye to use as a teaching tool. She became a schoolteacher in order to support her family. Blackwell's motivation to go into medicine came after her friend fell ill and suggested that if a female doctor had cared for her, she might not have suffered so much. Blackwell began to apply to medical schools, however, she endured a lot of prejudice due to her gender. She was rejected from all the medical schools she applied to except Geneva (NY) Medical College. In 1847 Blackwell became the first woman to attend medical school in the United States.

Elizabeth Blackwell had her inaugural thesis on typhoid fever published in the Buffalo Medical Journal right after she graduated from college in 1849. This article was the first medical article published by a female student from the United States. Her article portrayed a strong sense of empathy and sensitivity to human suffering as well as a strong desire for social and economic justice. Source: Wikipedia

## Known for

In 1857, Blackwell (with her sister, Emily Blackwell) opened the New York Infirmary for Women and Children.

After the Civil War, in 1868, the Blackwell sisters established the Women's Medical College in New York City (a teaching hospital).

In 1874, Blackwell worked together with Florence Nightingale, Sophia Jex-Blake, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, Emily Blackwell, and Thomas Henry Huxley in order to create the first medical school for women in England called, London School of Medicine for Women.

An appeal in behalf of the medical education of women (1856)

Medicine as a Profession for Women (1860) (lecture published by the trustees of the New York Infirmary for Women)

Counsel to Parents on the Moral Education of their Children in Relation to Sex (1878 and eight editions) Also published as The Moral Education of the Young in Relation to Sex

Pioneer Work in Opening the Medical Profession to Women – Autobiographical Sketches (1895, reprinted 1977)

## Find more

Wikipedia

NIH.gov

The Excellent Doctor Blackwell: The Life of the First Woman Physician (2005) by Julia Boyd
Florence Sabin (1871 - 1953)

Called the "first lady of American science," Florence Sabin studied the lymphatic and immune systems. She was the first female to hold a full professorship at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, where she had begun studying in 1896. She advocated for women's rights and higher education.

Also the first woman to hold a full professorship at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, the first woman elected to the National Academy of Sciences, and the first woman to head a department at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.

During her years of retirement, she pursued a second career as a public health activist in Colorado, and in 1951 received a Lasker Award for this work.

## Known for

Professor of anatomy

Head of department of cellular studies at Rockefeller Institute

Research on the lymphatic system, blood vessels and cells, and tuberculosis

Advocacy for better health laws
Annie Jump Cannon (1863 - 1941)

Annie Jump Cannon was a US astronomer whose cataloging work was instrumental in the development of contemporary stellar classification. With Edward C. Pickering, she is credited with the creation of the Harvard Classification Scheme, which was the first serious attempt to organize and classify stars based on their temperatures and spectral types.She was a suffragist and a member of the National Women's Party. source: Wikipedia

Cannon suffered hearing loss sometime during her childhood or early adult years. Some people claim Cannon's hearing loss made it difficult for her to socialize, resulting in her immersing herself in her work. She never married and did not have children.
In 1896, Cannon became a member of "Pickering’s Women," a group of women hired by Harvard Observatory director Edward C. Pickering to complete the Henry Draper Catalogue, with the goal of mapping and defining every star in the sky to a photographic magnitude of about 9. In her notes, she referred to brightness as "Int" which was short for "intensity." Pickering said that she was able to classify stars quickly, "Miss Cannon is the only person in the world—man or woman—who can do this work so quickly."
Cannon and the other women at the observatory were criticized at first for being "out of their place" and not being housewives. Women did not commonly rise beyond the level of assistant in this line of work at the time and many were paid only 25 cents an hour to work seven hours a day, six days a week. One of the other women in the observatory who made significant contributions, Henrietta Swan Leavitt, shared with Cannon the experience of also being deaf. Cannon dominated this field because of her "tidiness" and patience for the tedious work, and even helped the men in the observatory gain popularity.
Cannon helped broker partnerships and exchanges of equipment between men in the international community and assumed an ambassador-like role outside of it. She wrote books and articles to increase astronomy's status, and in 1933, she represented professional women at the World's Fair in Chicago.

## Known for

Annie Jump Cannon was the first woman to earn a scientific doctorate awarded at Oxford University.
Discovered five novae
Dr. Cobra Babyman, MD.

**Dr. Cobra Babyman, MD** was a tribute known for winning S1E3: The Emperor's Reach. They are also notable for having been granted their victory through an extremely rare universe reset.

## **Tribute Data**

Dr. Cobra Babyman, MD. is several things. They are a snake, a doctor, and a fan of rattles. Some people think they like rattles because they are a rattlesnake, and some think they like rattles because their last name is Babyman. Many also believe they are a man due to this last name.

These people are all incorrect, and bad at guessing things.

Cobra won S1E3, and was accidentally reinserted into S1E4, where they were killed by that game's would-be winner, Filthy Mitzi. However, their status as a winner allowed them to survive, allowing them to move on to All-Stars.

## **Personality**

Dr. Cobra was rather no-nonsense during their debut. They usually just did what they had to do to survive and to win. Despite this, they found time for friendship in Kaedank and romance in Best Boy Ignis.

In their brief Episode 4 stint, Cobra was extremely aggressive; they made a point of attacking other tributes and even killed one. It is unknown why they became so aggressive; it is possible they were agitated, as they'd expected to be free following their victory.

In the chaos of All-Stars, they found further time to unwind, playing basketball with Border Wall Rick and playing songs on a harmonica. They also found themselves changing to a Neutral Good alignment, saving other tributes such as A Child and Medicinal Homicide.

## **Universe Reset**

Dr. Cobra Babyman is among the tributes of Season 1, Episode 3 who were subject to an exceedingly rare event in the form of a universe reset. This occurs when the Sponsors bungle the setup phase of a game severely enough that it cannot properly progress, and/or cannot progress without risking a tear in space-time.

In the first iteration of Episode 3, Babyman was caught off guard and killed immediately by legendary tribute Kaedank. However, in the second iteration, this event did not repeat; as a matter of fact, they teamed up with Kaedank quite frequently, and proceeded to win the game when their new teammate was fired by Donald Trump.

## **Gear Acquired**

**In S1E3:**

* Internet-connectable device
* Unmanned drone

**In S1E4:**

* mortar launcher + ammo

**In S1E15:**

* first-aid kit
Inge Lehmann (1888 - 1993)

Inge Lehmann was a Danish seismologist and geologist whose work led to the discovery that the earth's core is solid, not liquid as previously thought. She lived until 104 and was active in the field until her last years.

Lehmann had a younger sister, Harriet, who became a movie writer and who had family and children in contrast to Lehmann, who lived by herself all her life.

## Known for

Proving the earth's core is solid

Longest-living woman scientist

Discovered another seismic discontinuity, later named the Lehmann discontinuity. Francis Birch noted that the "Lehmann discontinuity was discovered through exacting scrutiny of seismic records by a master of a black art for which no amount of computerization is likely to be a complete substitute."

## Find more

Wikipedia

Britannica

American Museum of Natural History

JSTOR Daily
Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (1921 - 2011)

A US medical physicist, and a co-winner of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (together with Roger Guillemin and Andrew Schally) for development of the radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique. She was the second woman (the first being Gerty Cori), and the first US-born woman, to be awarded the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine.

Gaining acceptance to the physics graduate program in the College of Engineering at the University of Illinois was one of the many hurdles she had to overcome as a woman in her field. Powerful male figures controlled opportunities for training, recognition, promotion, and many aspects of development in the field of science, and especially physics.

When Yalow entered the university in September 1941, she was the only woman in the faculty, which comprised 400 professors and teaching assistants. She was the first woman in more than two decades to attend or teach at this engineering college. Yalow credited her position at the prestigious graduate school to the shortage of male candidates during World War II. Being surrounded by gifted men made her aware of a wider world in science. They recognized her talent, they encouraged her, and they supported her. They were in a position to help her succeed.

Yalow felt that other women in her field did not like her because of her ambition. Other women saw her curiosity as abandoning the only acceptable path for a woman in science at the time, becoming a high school science teacher, but Yalow wanted to be a physicist.

She married fellow student Aaron Yalow, the son of a rabbi, in June 1943. They had two children, and kept a kosher home. Throughout her career, she tended to shun feminist organizations, but still advocated for including more women in science. While she believed the reason she had certain opportunities in physics was because of the war, she thought that the reason that the number of women in the field decreased after the war due to a lack of interest. Yalow saw the feminist movement as a challenge to her traditional beliefs and thought that it encouraged women not to fulfill their duties to become mothers and wives.

## Find more

Wikipedia

Babes of science podcast, episode 9

Rosalyn Yalow: Assaying the unknown, in Modern Drug Discovery magazine
Trota of Salerno (12th Century)

Trota is credited with compiling a book on women's health that was widely used in the 12th century called the Trotula. Historians consider the medical text one of the first of its kind. She was a practicing gynecologist in Salerno, Italy, but little else is known about her.

Trota was a famous authority on obstetrics and a renowned midwife in Salerno.
Her fame spread as far as France and England in the 12th and 13th centuries. A Latin text that gathered some of her therapies (and even recounted a cure she had performed) was incorporated into an ensemble of treatises on women's medicine that came to be known as the Trotula. Gradually, readers became unaware that this was the work of three different authors. They were also unconscious of name of the historical writer, which was "Trota" and not "Trotula." The latter was thenceforth misunderstood as the author of the whole compendium.

These misconceptions about the author of Trotula contributed to the erasure or modification of her name, gender, level of education, medical knowledge, or the time period in which the texts were written; this trend often resulted from the biases of later scholars. Trota's authentic work (including a collection of her cures, known as the Practical Medicine According to Trota) was forgotten until it was rediscovered in the late 20th century.

## Known for

Practical Medicine According to Trota

On Treatments for Women
Dorothy Hodgkin (1910 – 1994)

Dorothy Crowfoot (Hodgkin, after her 1937 marriage) was born in Cairo, Egypt, to a pair of British archaeologists. She was sent home to England for school, where she was one of only two girls who were allowed to study chemistry with the boys. At 18, she enrolled in one of Oxford’s women’s colleges and studied chemistry and then moved to Cambridge to study X-ray crystallography, a type of imaging that uses X-rays to determine a molecule’s three-dimensional structure. She returned to Oxford in 1934, where she would spend most of her working life, teaching chemistry and using X-ray crystallography to study interesting biological molecules. She spent years perfecting the technique, for which she was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1964, and determined the structures of penicillin, vitamin B12 and insulin. In 2010, 16 years after her death, the British Royal Mail celebrated the 350th anniversary of the Royal Society by issuing stamps with the likenesses of 10 of the society’s most illustrious members, including Isaac Newton and Benjamin Franklin; Hodgkin was the only woman in the group. - source: Smithsonian magazine

Because of Hodgkin's political activities, and her husband's association with the Communist Party, she was banned from entering the US in 1953 and subsequently not allowed to visit the country except by CIA waiver. Hodgkin herself was never a communist, but she shared with her mother, Molly, a concern about social inequalities and a determination to do what she could to prevent armed conflict and, in particular, the threat of nuclear war. - source: Wikipedia

## Known for

Development of protein crystallography
Determining the structure of insulin

## Find more

Wikipedia

Dorothy Hodgkin: A Life
Cleopatra the Alchemist (3rd Century)

Cleopatra the Alchemist, who likely lived during the 3rd century, was a Macedonian Egyptian alchemist, author, and philosopher. She experimented with practical alchemy but is also credited as one of the four female alchemists that could produce the Philosopher's stone (with Maria the Jewess, Medera, and Taphnutia). She is considered to be the inventor of the Alembic, an early tool for analytic chemistry.

She was active in Alexandria in the 3rd century or the 4th century. She is associated with the school of alchemy typified by Mary the Jewess and Comarius. These alchemists used complex apparatus for distillation and sublimation. source: Wikipedia

## Known for

Inventing the alembic, a tool for analytic chemistry

Cleopatra is most noted for the Chrysopoeia of Cleopatra (Greek: Χρυσοποιία Κλεοπάτρας), a single sheet document which contains only symbols, drawings and captions (including ouroboros, first image below). It is first found on a single leaf in a tenth-to-eleventh century manuscript
Barbara McClintock (1902 – 1992)

While studying botany at Cornell University in the 1920s, Barbara McClintock got her first taste of genetics and was hooked. As she earned her undergraduate and graduate degrees and moved into postdoctoral work, she pioneered the study of genetics of maize (corn) cells. She pursued her research at universities in California, Missouri and Germany before finding a permanent home at Cold Spring Harbor in New York. It was there that, after observing the patterns of coloration of maize kernels over generations of plants, she determined that genes could move within and between chromosomes. The finding didn’t fit in with conventional thinking on genetics, however, and was largely ignored; McClintock began studying the origins of maize in South America. But after improved molecular techniques that became available in the 1970s and early 1980s confirmed her theory and these “jumping genes” were found in microorganisms, insects and even humans, McClintock was awarded a Lasker Prize in 1981 and Nobel Prize in 1983. - Source: Smithsonian magazine

## Known for

Work on the genetic structure of maize (corn)

## Find more

Wikipedia

*Barbara McClintock, Genius of Genetics* (2006), biography for young adults by Naomi Pasachoff

The Tangled Field: Barbara McClintock's Search for the Patterns of Genetic Control  (2001), by Nathanial C. Comfort. Blurb: "This biographical study illuminates one of the most important yet misunderstood figures in the history of science. Barbara McClintock (1902-1992), a geneticist who integrated classical genetics with microscopic observations of the behavior of chromosomes, was regarded as a genius and as an unorthodox, nearly incomprehensible thinker. In 1946, she discovered mobile genetic elements, which she called "controlling elements." Thirty-seven years later, she won a Nobel Prize for this work, becoming the third woman to receive an unshared Nobel in science. Since then, McClintock has become an emblem of feminine scientific thinking and the tragedy of narrow-mindedness and bias in science. Using McClintock's research notes, newly available correspondence, and dozens of interviews with McClintock and others, Comfort argues that McClintock's work was neither ignored in the 1950s nor wholly accepted two decades later. Nor was McClintock marginalized by scientists; throughout the decades of her alleged rejection, she remained a distinguished figure in her field. Comfort replaces the "McClintock myth" with a new story, rich with implications for our understanding of women in science and scientific creativity

## Works based on

*The Marriage Plot* (2011), novel by Jeffry Eugenides, includes a secondary character reminiscent of McClintock, a reclusive geneticist at a fictional laboratory much like Cold Spring Harbor, "who makes the same discoveries as her factual counterpart."

MAIZE (2015-18), play by Judith Pratt, about McClintock
Anna Comnena (1083 - 1148)

Anna Komnene (Greek: Ἄννα Κομνηνή), commonly latinized as Anna Comnena, was a Byzantine princess, scholar, physician, hospital administrator, and historian. She was the daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and his wife Irene Doukaina. She is best known for her attempt to usurp her brother, John II Komnenos,and for her work The Alexiad, an account of her father's reign.

Following her father’s death in 1118, Anna and her mother attempted to usurp John II Komnenos. Her husband refused to cooperate with them, and the usurpation failed. As a result, John exiled Anna to the Kecharitomene monastery, where she spent the rest of her life. In confinement there, she wrote the Alexiad. source: Wikipedia

## Known for

Anna Komnene was the first woman known to write a history; she also wrote about science, mathematics, and medicine.

## Works based on

In Julia Kristeva's 2006 murder mystery Murder in Byzantium, Anna Komnene is the focus of the villain's scholarly and amorous fantasy of the past. The novel includes considerable detail on Anna Komnene's life, work, and historical context.

Anna Komnene plays a secondary role in Sir Walter Scott’s novel Count Robert of Paris (1832).

Fictional accounts of her life are given in the 1928 novel Anna Comnena by Naomi Mitchison, and the 1999 novel for young people Anna of Byzantium by Tracy Barrett.

She appears prominently in the first volume of the trilogy The Crusaders by the Polish novelist Zofia Kossak-Szczucka, written in 1935.

A novel written in 2008 by the Albanian writer Ben Blushi called Living on an Island also mentions her.

The novel Аз, Анна Комнина (Az, Anna Komnina, in English: I, Anna Comnena) was written by Vera Mutafchieva, a Bulgarian writer and historian.]

She is also a minor character in Nan Hawthorne's novel of the Crusade of 1101, Beloved Pilgrim (2011).

Anna appears in Medieval 2: Total War video game campaigns as a Byzantine princess diplomat, under the name Anna Comnenus.

In Harry Turtledove's Videssos cycle of novels the character Alypia Gavra is a fictionalized version of Anna Komnene.

In the board game Nations, Anna Komnene is an adviser in the Medieval Age.
Mary Edwards Walker (1832 - 1919)

Mary Edwards Walker was an US abolitionist, prohibitionist, prisoner of war and surgeon. She is the only woman to ever receive the Medal of Honor.

In 1855, she earned her medical degree at Syracuse Medical College in New York, married, and started a medical practice. She volunteered with the Union Army at the outbreak of the American Civil War and served as a surgeon at a temporary hospital in Washington, D.C., even though at the time women and sectarian physicians were considered unfit for the Union. She was captured by Confederate forces after crossing enemy lines to treat wounded civilians and arrested as a spy. She was sent as a prisoner of war to Richmond, Virginia until released in a prisoner exchange.

After the war, she was approved for the Medal of Honor, for her efforts to treat the wounded during the Civil War. Notably, the award was not expressly given for gallantry in action at that time, and in fact was the only military decoration during the Civil War. Walker is the only woman to receive the medal and one of only eight civilians to receive it. After the war, she was a writer and lecturer supporting the women's suffrage movement. Source: Wikipedia

## Known for

First female U.S. Army surgeon

Prohibitionist,

Abolitionist,

First and only female Medal of Honor recipient

## Find more

Wikipedia

NIMH
Margaret Mead (1901 - 1978)

Margaret Mead was an US  cultural anthropologist who featured frequently as an author and speaker in the mass media during the 1960s and 1970s. She earned her bachelor's degree at Barnard College in New York City and her M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from Columbia University. Mead served as President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1975.

Mead was a communicator of anthropology in modern American and Western culture and was often controversial as an academic. Her reports detailing the attitudes towards sex in South Pacific and Southeast Asian traditional cultures influenced the 1960s sexual revolution. She was a proponent of broadening sexual conventions within a context of traditional Western religious life. Source: Wikipedia

Mead was married three times. After a six-year engagement, she married her first husband (1923–28) American Luther Cressman, a theology student at the time who eventually became an anthropologist. Between 1925 and 1926 she was in Samoa returning wherefrom on the boat she met Reo Fortune, a New Zealander headed to Cambridge, England, to study psychology. They were married in 1928, after Mead's divorce from Cressman, Mead dismissively characterizing her union with her first husband as "my student marriage" in her 1972 autobiography Blackberry Winter, a sobriquet with which Cressman took vigorous issue. Mead's third and longest-lasting marriage (1936–50) was to the British anthropologist Gregory Bateson, with whom she had a daughter, Mary Catherine Bateson, who would also become an anthropologist.

Mead also had an exceptionally close relationship with Ruth Benedict , one of her instructors. In her memoir about her parents, *With a Daughter's Eye*, Mary Catherine Bateson implies that the relationship between Benedict and Mead was partly sexual. Mead never openly identified herself as lesbian or bisexual. In her writings she proposed that it is to be expected that an individual's sexual orientation may evolve throughout life.

She spent her last years in a close personal and professional collaboration with anthropologist Rhoda Metraux, with whom she lived from 1955 until her death in 1978. Letters between the two published in 2006 with the permission of Mead's daughter clearly express a romantic relationship.

## Known for

Anthropology

Popularizing anthropology as a science

Credited with the pluralization of the term "semiotics"

*Coming of Age in Samoa* (1928), a very popular and somewhat controversial  text

*Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies* (1935), a comparative study describing a range of cultural gender roles, which became a major cornerstone of the femist movement

## Find more

Wikipedia

*Blackberry Winter: My Earlier Years* (1972), autobiography

## Works based on

*Euphoria* (2014) by Lily King is a fictionalized account of Mead's love/marital relationships with fellow anthropologists Reo Fortune and Gregory Bateson in pre-WWII New Guinea.
Sofia Kovalevskaya (1850 - 1891)

Sofia Kovalevskaya, mathematician and novelist, was the first woman to hold a university chair in 19th-century Europe and the first woman on the editorial staff of a mathematical journal.

Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya (Russian: Со́фья Васи́льевна Ковале́вская), born Sofia Vasilyevna Korvin-Krukovskaya, was a Russian mathematician who made noteworthy contributions to analysis, partial differential equations and mechanics.

## Known for

A pioneer for women in mathematics around the world
Frst woman to obtain a doctorate (in the modern sense) in mathematics
First woman appointed to a full professorship in Northern Europe and one of the first women to work for a scientific journal as an editor.
According to historian of science Ann Hibner Koblitz, Kovalevskaia was "the greatest known woman scientist before the twentieth century"

Cauchy–Kowalevski theorem

Kovalevskaya top

Her sister was the socialist Anne Jaclard.

## Works based on

Sofya Kovalevskaya, 1956 film directed by Iosef Shapiro, starring Yelena Yunger, Lev Kosolov and Tatyana Sezenyevskaya.

Berget på månens baksida ("A Hill on the Dark Side of the Moon"), 1983 film directed by Lennart Hjulström, starring Gunilla Nyroos as Sofja Kovalewsky and Bibi Andersson as Anne Charlotte Edgren-Leffler, Duchess of Cajanello, and sister to Gösta Mittag-Leffler.

Sofya Kovalevskaya, 1985 movie for TV directed by Azerbaijani director Ayan Shakhmaliyeva, starring Yelena Safonova as Sofia.

Little Sparrow: A Portrait of Sophia Kovalevsky, 1983 biography by Don H. Kennedy, Ohio University Press

"Beyond the Limit: The Dream of Sofya Kovalevskaya," 2002 biographical novel by mathematician and educator Joan Spicci, is an historically accurate portrayal of her early married years and quest for an education. It is based in part on 88 of Sofia's letters, which the author translated from Russian to English.

Against the Day, 2006 novel by Thomas Pynchon was speculated before release to be based on the life of Sofia, but in the finished novel she appears as a minor character.

"Too Much Happiness" 2009, short story by Alice Munro, published in the August 2009 issue of Harper's Magazine features Sofia as a main character. It was later published in a collection of the same name.
Hypatia of Alexandria (355 - 416)

Hypatia was a pagan philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer who may have invented the plane astrolabe, the graduated brass ​hydrometer, and the hydroscope, with her student and colleague, Synesius.
Towards the end of her life, Hypatia advised Orestes, the Roman prefect of Alexandria, who was in the midst of a political feud with Cyril, the bishop of Alexandria. Rumors spread accusing her of preventing Orestes from reconciling with Cyril and, in March 415 , she was murdered by a mob of Christians led by a lector named Peter.
Hypatia's murder shocked the empire and transformed her into a "martyr for philosophy", leading future Neoplatonists such as Damascius to become increasingly fervent in their opposition to Christianity. During the Middle Ages, Hypatia was co-opted as a symbol of Christian virtue and scholars believe she was part of the basis for the legend of Saint Catherine of Alexandria. During the Age of Enlightenment, she became a symbol of opposition to Catholicism. In the nineteenth century, European literature, especially Charles Kingsley's 1853 novel Hypatia, romanticized her as "the last of the Hellenes". In the twentieth century, Hypatia became seen as an icon for women's rights and a precursor to the feminist movement. Since the late twentieth century, some portrayals have associated Hypatia's death with the destruction of the Library of Alexandria, despite the historical fact that the library no longer existed during Hypatia's lifetime. Source: Wikipedia

## Known for

She is the first female mathematician whose life is "reasonably well recorded"

Renowned in her own lifetime as a great teacher and a wise counselor.

Find more

Wikipedia

## Works based on

Agora , 2009 film starring Rachel Weisz as Hypatia

Hypatia, 1853 novel by Charles Kingsley
Wordsy

Stan Jones (*Cap'n O.G. Readmore Meets Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde*, *Cap'n O.G. Readmore Meets Red Riding Hood* and *Cap'n O.G. Readmore's Puss in Boots*)
Hal Smith (as Edward Hyde; *Cap'n O.G. Readmore Meets Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde*)

**Wordsy** is one of the four Cap'n O. G. Readmore's Book Club members. He is one of the minor characters in the *Readmore* series, but gets a major role as three character types in the episode *Cap'n O. G. Readmore Meets Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde*. He was voiced by the late Stan Jones. Originally, Will Ryan voiced Wordsy in the first *Readmore* episode before ABC removed him from reprising for the character. However, Wordsy is mute in the *Chicken Little* episode, the same as in the early TV spots.
Emily Blackwell (1826 - 1910)

Emily Blackwell was the second woman to earn a medical degree at what is now Case Western Reserve University, and the third woman (after her sister, Elizabeth Blackwell , and Lydia Folger Fowler) to earn a medical degree in the United States.

From 1883, Blackwell lived with her partner Elizabeth Cushier, who also served as a doctor at the infirmary. Source: Wikipedia

## Known for

In 1857, Blackwell (with her sister, Elizabeth Blackwell) opened the New York Infirmary for Women and Children.

After the Civil War, in 1868 the Blackwell sisters established the Women's Medical College in New York City (a teaching hospital). Emily became professor of obstetrics and, in 1869, when Elizabeth moved to London to help form the London School of Medicine for Women, became dean of the college. In 1876 it became a three-year institution, and in 1893 it became a four-year college, ahead of much of the profession. By 1899 the college had trained 364 women doctors.

## Find more

Wikipedia

NIH database
Elizabeth Arden (1884 - 1966)

Florence Nightingale Graham, who went by the business name Elizabeth Arden, was a Canadian American businesswoman who founded what is now Elizabeth Arden, Inc., and built a cosmetics empire in the United States. By 1929 she owned 150 upscale salons across the United States and Europe. Her 1000 products were found in the luxury market in 22 countries. She was the sole owner, and at the peak of her career, she was one of the wealthiest women in the world.

At the beginning of her career, she formulated the products that she then manufactured and sold.

## Known for

Changing cosmetics industry to add science and to appeal to middle- and upper-class women

## Find more

FBI dossier on Elizabeth Arden

*Hope in a jar: The making of America's beauty culture* (2011) by Kathy Peiss

*War Paint* (2004) by Lindy Woodhead
May-Britt Moser (1963 - )

A Norwegian neuroscientist, May-Britt Moser was awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine. She and her co-researchers, then-husband Edvard Moser and John O'Keerfe, discovered cells close to the hippocampus that help determine spatial representation or position. The work has been applied to neurological diseases including Alzheimer's.

The awareness of one's location and how to find the way to other places is crucial for both humans and animals. In 2005 May-Britt Moser and Edvard I. Moser discovered a type of cell that is important for determining position close to the hippocampus, an area located in the center of the brain. They found that when a rat passed certain points arranged in a hexagonal grid in space, nerve cells that form a kind of coordinate system for navigation were activated. They then went on to demonstrate how these different cell types cooperate. Source: Nobelprize.org

## Find more

Wikipedia

Nobelprize.org
Little Red Riding Hood

**Little Red Riding Hood** is one of the main characters from the third *Readmore* episode, *Cap'n O. G. Readmore Meets Little Red Riding Hood*. She’s a cute and kind little girl who wears a red hood and sings a joyful tune about herself. She first appeared as a background character in *Cap'n O. G. Readmore's Jack and the Beanstalk* (with a much lesser design), which Rick Reinert, at the time, was yet to give her an official screen time until the third episode, as given her a fuller character design also in that very episode.

## Character Gallery

Red’s cameo in *Cap'n O. G. Readmore's Jack and the Beanstalk*

## Trivia

* This version of Little Red Riding Hood is by and large one of the few appropriate versions of the character, as well as being well-liked.
	+ The most disliked version of the character was from Weinstein Company's *Hoodwinked!*.
Elizabeth Britton (1858 - 1934)

Elizabeth Gertrude Britton (nee Knight) was a US botanist, bryologist, and educator. She and her husband, Nathaniel Lord Britton, played a significant role in the fundraising and creation of the New York Botanical Garden. She was a co-founder of the predecessor to the American Bryological and Lichenological Society. She was an activist for protection of wildflowers, inspiring local chapter activities and the passage of legislation. Elizabeth Britton made major contributions to the literature of mosses, publishing 170 papers in that field. source: Wikipedia

## Known for

Fundraising and creating the New York Botanical Garden

## Works based on

The character of Alma Whittaker in the novel The Signature of All Things  (2013)*,*by Elizabeth Gilbert, is modeled in part on Elizabeth Britton.
Maria Agnesi (1718 - 1799)

Maria Agnesi was a mathematician, philosopher, theologian, and humanitarian. She was the first woman to write a mathematics handbook and the first woman appointed as a mathematics professor at a university. She is credited with writing the first book discussing both differential and integral calculus and was a member of the faculty at the University of Bologna, although she never served.

She devoted the last four decades of her life to studying theology (especially patristics) and to charitable work and serving the poor. She was a devout Catholic and wrote extensively on the marriage between intellectual pursuit and mystical contemplation, most notably in her essay Il cielo mistico (The Mystic Heaven). She saw the rational contemplation of God as a complement to prayer and contemplation of the life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ.
Maria Teresa Agnesi Pinottini, clavicembalist and composer, was her sister.
(source: Wikipedia )

## Known for

Textbook *Instituzioni Analitiche ad uso della gioventù italiana* (Analytical Institutions for the use of Italian youth)

In 1996, an asteroid, 16765 Agnesi, was named after Agnesi. There is a crater on Venus named after her, too.

There is also a mathematical curve named the Witch of Agnesi.
Will Ryan

**William Frank Ryan** (May 21, 1949-November 19, 2021) was an American voice actor, singer and musician. He achieved his breakthrough as a voice actor throughout the 80s leading into the 90s when he provided the voice of Petrie in the 1988 animated classic *The Land Before Time*. He is also known for his voice work in the Christian radio drama *Adventures in Odyssey* and *Adventures of Teddy Ruxpin*.

He originally voiced Wordsy in *Cap'n O. G. Readmore's Jack and the Beanstalk*, which he was given a minor speaking role. Unfortunately, when Wordsy was given a major role as the tritagonist for the second *Readmore* episode, ABC replaced Ryan with Stan Jones, as the company simply felt that Jones is a better choice for the character, which carried on afterwards.

Ryan later voiced François in *Cap'n O. G. Readmore's Puss in Boots*. Compared to his voicing experience with Wordsy before Jones took over, Ryan was the best choice for François.

Ryan continued with his career until his death from cancer on November 19, 2021.
The Ogre

**The Ogre** is the antagonist in the fourth *Readmore* episode, *Cap'n O. G. Readmore's Puss in Boots*. He's an ugly giant who manipulates the villagers and wanted to very much destroy the entire village unless he marries The Princess. The Ogre is one of the three characters in the *Readmore* series to die.

## Fate

Puss in Boots enters into the Ogre's castle and manipulates him to change into different kinds of animals, as he gets the Ogre to believe that the Princess still wants to marry him (which she doesn't since she's in a relationship with François). First, he changes into an elephant. Then, he changes into a whale. The last thing he ever changed to was a mouse, and Puss eats him (off-screen; as he turns to his backside to do so). The town is saved, thanks to Puss.

## Trivia

* In many versions of *Puss in Boots*, the giant villain was named Lucifer. In Reinert's version, he is given the name "Ogre" since Lucifer was too insensitive to be given the character to. Also, Lucifer is the name of the devil.