recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic

From the English Wikipedia page [1]

Georgia, formally the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (Georgian SSR; Georgian: საქართველოს საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა, translit.: sakartvelos sabch'ota sotsialist'uri resp'ublik'a; Russian: Грузинская Советская Социалистическая Республика, translit. Gruzinskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), was one of the republics of the Soviet Union from its inception in 1922 to its breakup in 1991. Coterminous with the present-day republic of Georgia, it was based on the traditional territory of Georgia, which had existed as a series of independent states in the Caucasus prior to annexation by the Russian Empire in 1801. Independent again as the Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1918, it was annexed by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, who invaded in 1921. The Georgian SSR was subsequently formed, though from 1922 until 1936 it was a part of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, which existed as a union republic within the USSR. From November 18, 1989, the Georgian SSR declared its sovereignty over Soviet laws. The republic was renamed the Republic of Georgia on November 14, 1990, and subsequently became independent before the dissolution of the Soviet Union on April 9, 1991, whereupon each former SSR became a sovereign state.

The Georgian Wikipedia page is [2].
János Mecséri

From the Hungarian Wikipedia page [1]

John Mecséri (Győr April 18, 1920-Budapest Prison House November 15, 1958), Hungarian army officer, took part in the 1956 revolution, he was later sentenced to death and executed.

Mihály Mecséri and Erzsébet Maár. After completing the six elementary classes, he became an apprentice locksmith, and in 1939 he passed his professional examination. In 1941 he entered the MSZDP, and in 1943 he became a member of the Vasasszakszervezet. In 1944 he was called up as a soldier and was taken to the front line in 1945. In March he escaped with one of his associates and then fell into a US warship. After returning home, he settled in his former workplace.

In 1948 he volunteered to attend the officers' school, after completing the course at the rank of Esztergom and Tata. In 1954 he was appointed commander of the 7th Mechanized Division in Esztergom. At the time of the revolution, he sent several units to Budapest, and in Esztergom he personally managed the recovery of the buildings occupied by the insurgents. On October 30, he was assigned to Budapest, where he did not receive any clear instructions, he approached Pál Maléter, who appointed him commander of the Buda district the next day. During his tenure, he occupied the ÁVH buildings for the first time, and then on November 1, he closed the roads leading to Budapest on higher orders. The next day, he was appointed commander of the Government Guard, and at the same time he became the commander-in-chief of the troops stationed at Juta-domb. On November 3 the Soviets, as the commander of the Hungarian delegation, were disarmed and captured. Later they released the Hungarian authorities, when on 14 August 1958 he was sentenced to death on the charge of leading an anti-state organization, and on November 15, he was hanged in the Collector's Prison.
He was rehabilitated only after the regime change, and in 1990 the president of the republic appointed him posthumously lieutenant general. His grave is located in plot 301.

His wife was Etel Németh, whom he married in 1946 in Győr.
Marshall Plan

The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $13 billion (approximately $114 billion in 2020) in economic support to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II. The plan was in operation for four years beginning April 8, 1948. The goals of the United States were to rebuild war-devastated regions, remove trade barriers, modernize industry, make Europe prosperous again, and prevent the spread of communism. The Marshall Plan required a lessening of interstate barriers, a dropping of many regulations, and encouraged an increase in productivity, labour union membership, as well as the adoption of modern business procedures.

Although offered participation, the Soviet Union refused Plan benefits, and also blocked benefits to Eastern Bloc countries, such as East Germany and Poland. The United States provided similar aid programs in Asia, but they were not called "Marshall Plan".
The initiative is named after Secretary of State George Marshall.

More information on the Wikipedia page [1]. A recording of the speech can be found here. The George C Marshall Foundation page is here
Holy See

Not to be confused with the Vatican City.

The Holy See, also referred to as the See of Rome, (Italian: Santa Sede; Latin: Sancta Sedes; Ecclesiastical Latin: [ˈsaŋkta ˈsɛdes]) is the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, the episcopal see of the Pope, and an independent sovereign entity. It serves as the central point of reference for the Catholic Church everywhere and the focal point of communion due to its position as the pre-eminent episcopal see of the universal church. Today, it is responsible for the governance of all Catholics, organised in their Particular Churches, Patriarchates and religious institutes.

More information on the Wikipedia page [1].

The Holy See's website is [2].
György Bánffy

From the longer Hungarian Wikipedia page [1], which lists some of his acting roles.

240/5000
György Bánffy (born Hunyadi-Buzás) (Budapest, 19 June 1927 - Corfu, Greece, 3 September 2010) Kossuth Prize winner and Jászai Mari Prize winner Hungarian actor, worthy and outstanding artist. His mother was the actress Klára Pápay (1900-1984).

Because of his role in 1956, he suffered a disadvantage after the Revolution was overthrown.
Cold War

The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others). Historians do not fully agree on the dates, but a common timeframe is the period between 1947, the year the Truman Doctrine (a U.S. foreign policy pledging to aid nations threatened by Soviet expansionism) was announced, and 1991, the year the Soviet Union collapsed.

The Wikipedia page is [1].

## Relevant wikis

* Cold War and Post Cold War History Wiki [2]
* Cold War [3], [4] and [5]

There Cold War International History Project is [6] and the Cold War Studies Project is [7].
Hungarian Communist Party

The Party of Communists in Hungary (Hungarian: Kommunisták Magyarországi Pártja), renamed Hungarian Communist Party (Magyar Kommunista Párt) in October 1944, was founded on November 24, 1918, and was in power in Hungary briefly from March to August 1919 under Béla Kun and the Hungarian Soviet Republic. The communist government was overthrown by the Romanian Army and driven underground. The party regained power following World War II and held power from 1945 under the leadership of Mátyás Rákosi. In 1948 the party merged with the Social Democrats to become the Hungarian Working People's Party. The Communist Party of Hungary was a member of the Communist International.

More information on the English and Hungarian Wikipedia pages.
Dezső Pfluger

From the longer Hungarian Wikipedia page [1]

Dezső Pfluger (Dorog, December 29, 1918 - Dorog, June 3, 1981) is a football legend, the legendary defender of Dorogi AC, a public figure of 1956. The result of a legendary sport history quote from which Gyula Grosics' fantastic football career started, according to which "If there is no priest, is a good minister too."

As a toddler, he encountered football in his hometown and developed a clear desire to play footbal. Accordingly, he spent most of his time at the sports center in Dorog and became a member of the local youth team. Perhaps he was the most ambitious among the other young talents. He has repeatedly expressed his feelings for football, saying, "My passion is football." He was, at the time, one of the most accomplished and talented youngsters of the association. From the second half of the 1930s, he was able to prove his abilities in the adult team. In the early days, he had teammates like Sándor Bárdos, János Csermák, József Klausz, Lajos Turai or Matthias Lampert, who were the best friends at the same time and who later formed the backbone of the first NB I team.

Because of his 1956 activities in Dorogi, he was convicted of the Revolution and was sentenced to internist camp as a punishment, but he was freed in the following year. From 1957 he returned to Dor and worked at Dorogi Coal Mines as a machine operator.
Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe is the eastern part of the European continent. There is no consensus as to the precise area it refers to, partly because the term has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, cultural, and socioeconomic connotations. There are "almost as many definitions of Eastern Europe as there are scholars of the region". A related United Nations paper adds that "every assessment of spatial identities is essentially a social and cultural construct."

One definition describes Eastern Europe as a cultural (and econo-cultural) entity: the region lying in Europe with main characteristics consisting in Byzantine, Orthodox, and some Turco-Islamic influences. Another definition was created during the Cold War and used more or less synonymously with the term Eastern Bloc. A similar definition names the formerly communist European states outside the Soviet Union as Eastern Europe. Historians and social scientists increasingly view such definitions as outdated or relegating, but they are still heard in everyday speech and used for statistical purposes.

More information on the Wikipedia page [1].

See also Eastern Bloc - which was a somewhat more specific group of countries.
Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Russian: съезд КПСС) was the gathering of the delegates of the Communist Party and its predecessors. According to the party statute, it was the supreme ruling body of the entire Communist Party.

The most significant for the purpose of this wiki was the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

More information, and a list of congresses, on the English, Russian and other language Wikipedia pages.
József Mikó

Born August 6 1920, Hungary, died 28 April 2008 Los Angeles, California.

József S. Mikó (Joseph S. Miko) Joseph Miko was a cinematographer in Hungary when the 1956 revolution against the Soviet occupation broke out. Miko grabbed the opportunity to film the revolution in hopes of getting the films out of Hungary so the rest of the world could see the brutality of the Soviet Union.

The films Miko shot of the revolution were smuggled out of Hungary in the U.S. diplomatic pouch. In return for providing the American government copies of the films for intelligent purposes, the Miko family was granted passage on the U S Military airlift to the United States.

After working on a couple of low budget movies with Vilmos Zsigmond such as The Sadist, Joseph Miko left the industry and became a successful businessman in Santa Monica, California. 80% of the movies that exist in the world of the 1956 Hungarian revolution were shot by Miko who has since donated them back to Hungary. The films are archived as “The Miko Collection” as part of the official historical record of that event. They have been featured on numerous television shows including The Twentieth Century with Walter Cronkite and the History channel’s Caught on Film and in recently completed documentaries Freedom's Fury and Torn from the Flag.

Joseph S. Miko and cinematographer, Laszlo Kovacs, were also close friends after they both emigrated to the U.S. in 1956. Regrettably their friendship became strained over the years after Kovacs tried to claim credit for the footage of the Hungarian revolution shot by Miko. However, the original Agfa stock footage is held in storage by the Miko family and is available for authentication.

After the restoration of democracy in Hungary, he was awarded the Hungarian Government’s Award for Excellence in Achievement and the Hero of Freedom Award as well as the Cross of the Order of Merit.

More information on the English and Armenian Wikipedia pages.
Attila Nagy (actor)

From the longer Hungarian Wikipedia page [1]

**Attila Nagy** ( Pácin , 1933 . February 12 - of Kecskemét , 1992 . May 13 ) double Jászai Mari-winning Hungarian actor , director , Merited Artist .

He graduated from the College of Theater and Film Arts in 1955 and was contracted to the National Theater of Miskolc . The 1956 Revolution during the Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county was Labor Council president, so he was arrested in March 1957, 9, 4 July 1958 - was sentenced to 12 years imprisonment, which - although the prosecutor asked for the death penalty in 1961 in amnesty released. In 1962 he was contracted to the Petőfi Theater in Veszprém as an actor and director. Between 1964 and 1969 the Thália Theater in Budapest, and from 1969 to 1971. He was a member of the Szeged National Theater . He returned to the Thália Theater in 1971 and was a member until 1986 . From 1986 he was an actor and director of the Katona József Theater in Kecskemét , and between 1988 and 1990 he was its artistic director.
Eastern Bloc

Eastern Bloc was the name used by countries affiliated with the former communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, generally the Soviet Union and the countries of the Warsaw Pact. The terms Communist Bloc and Soviet Bloc were also used to denote groupings of states aligned with the Soviet Union, although these terms might include states outside Central and Eastern Europe.

More information on the lengthy and detailed Wikipedia page [1]
Federal Republic of Germany

West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland or BRD) in the period between its creation on 23 May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990. This period is referred to as the Bonn Republic (German: Bonner Republik) by historians, an earlier term being the Bonn State (German: Bonner Staat). Bonn was the capital of the FRG.

During this period, NATO-aligned West Germany and Warsaw Pact-aligned East Germany were divided by the Inner German border. After 1961, West Berlin was physically separated from East Berlin as well as from East Germany by the Berlin Wall. This situation ended when East Germany was dissolved and its five states joined the ten states of the Federal Republic of Germany along with the reunified city-state of Berlin. With the reunification of West and East Germany, the Federal Republic of Germany, enlarged now to sixteen states, became known simply as "Germany."

More information on the Wikipedia page [1]: for the modern state see [2].

See also German Democratic Republic
István Hegedűs

From the Hungarian Wikipedia page [1]

Istvan Hegedus ( Nyiregyhaza October 23, 1924- Budapest October 24, 1956) Hungarian pentathlonist, and a 1956 Revolution martyr.

He completed his primary and secondary education in Nyíregyháza, then graduated from the Physical Education College. He became a Hungarian champion, member of the national team, later coach.

He had been doing a lot of sports at a young age: running, swimming and riding. As a good horse rider he also got a role as a double in film. Endre Horváth chose him as the model of the men of the twenty-eight on the 1948 edition (stylized).

On October 24, 1956, at dawn, he held a training session at the Sports School when he stopped at Sofia Street, where people were burning communist books. In addition to the book burning, he suddenly stopped at a ÁVH truck, from which he started shooting without any sorting. He got a deadly shot here. He was a respected and beloved physical education teacher at the Food Technician.

He was the model for the male figure on a previous version of the twenty-forint note.

A memorial plaque on Sofia Street, the site of his death, preserves his memory.

He is mentioned in the crime novel of Hungarian writer Vilmos Kondor entitled 'Budapest in November'.
Communist Party of Czechoslovakia

The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (Czech and Slovak: Komunistická strana Československa, KSČ) was a Communist and Marxist–Leninist political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between 1921 and 1992. It was a member of the Comintern. Between 1929 and 1953 it was led by Klement Gottwald. After its election victory in 1946 it seized power in the 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état and established a one-party state allied with the Soviet Union. Nationalization of virtually all private enterprises followed.

During the period of the wiki Antonín Josef Novotný (10 December 1904 – 28 January 1975) was General Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from 1953 to 1968, and also held the post of President of Czechoslovakia from 1957 to 1968. A hardline supporter of Stalinism before and after the death of the Soviet leader, Novotný was forced to yield the reins of power to Alexander Dubček during the short-lived reform movement of 1968.

More information on the English and Czech Wikipedia pages.

Another party was [1].
Dominique Lapierre

From the English Wikipedia page [1] - the French page is [2].

Dominique Lapierre (born 30 July 1931 in Châtelaillon, Charente-Maritime, France) is a French author.

Among other books he wrote Once Upon a Time in The Soviet Union (Il était une fois l'URSS, 2007), ISBN 978-81-216-1247-0 — chronicles a 1956 journey he took across the Soviet Union with Jean-Pierre Pedrazzini
Ferenc Donáth

From the Hungarian Wikipedia page [1]

Ferenc Donáth (Jászárokszállás, 5 September 1913 - Budapest, 15 July 1986) was apolitician, agricultural historian, publicist, member of parliament and parliamentary representative; husband of Éva Bozóky publicist.

From December 1954 he headed the Agricultural Department of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Economics and was appointed deputy director. In 1956 he was one of the reformers around Imre Nagy.

On October 24, 1956, he was co-opted by him and Géza Losonczy was the Central Committee of the MDP, which they immediately resigned in their joint letter. In court, his resignation as extortion was considered by the court (BHÖ 1). On resignation, the MDP represented the uprising suppression of the uprising. In contrast, he and Géza Losonczy urged the rebels to negotiate.

On October 30, 1956, he became a member of the newly formed provisional commission of the MSZMP. On November 4 he fled to the Yugoslav Embassy in Budapest. On November 24, he was deported to Snagov (Romania) with the KGB family. In 1958, he was sentenced to 12 years imprisonment for the second indictment of Imre Nagy as the initiator and leader of the organization to overthrow the people's democratic state order. His family was allowed to return to Hungary after the trial, after 22 months, in 1958. In April 1960 he was liberated with individual mercy.

Between 1960 and 1976 he was a member of the National Agricultural Library, the Hungarian Agricultural Museum and then the Institute of Economics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and between 1976 and 1983 he was a member of the Institute of Co-operative Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. From the 1970s, it was the interconnecting personality of the democratic opposition movement and the movement of folk writers; the first to sign the Charter of Solidarity between the Charter '77 and to organize the Bibó Memorial Book as a samizdat in 1980. In 1985 he was the main organizer of the monor meeting held with the representatives of the opposition groups. After his death on July 15, 1986, Szilárd Újhelyi, János Kis, Sándor Csoóri, Miklós Vásárhelyi said goodbye.

On June 9, 1989, the Prosecutor General of the Hungarian People's Republic, raised a lawsuit against the convicts of Imre Nagy, and proposed the annulment of judgments and the acquittal of innocent convicts. On 6 July 1989, the Supreme Council of Presidents of the High Court reconsidered Imre Nagy, **Ferenc Donáth**, Miklós Gimes, Zoltán Tildy, Pál Maléter, Sándor Kopácsi, Ferenc Jánosi, Miklós Vásárhelyi and József Szilágyi and abolished the sentences of all of them in the absence of a criminal offense.
Lajos Kassák

Lajos Kassák (March 21, 1887, Érsekújvár – July 22, 1967, Budapest) was a Hungarian poet, novelist, painter, essayist, editor, theoretician of the avant-garde, and occasional translator. He was among the first genuine working-class writers in Hungarian literature. Self-taught, he became a writer within the socialist movement and published journals important to the radical intellectual culture of Budapest in the early 1900s.

In 1953, Kassák criticised the Party's cultural politics, and was expelled from the party. Because of this, he was not allowed to publish for years, until 1956, when he was elected to be a chair in the Writers Association, an influential organization of the era. From 1957 he became practically muted by the cultural censorship of the Party, and was not allowed to travel, exhibit and publish until his death. However even in his silence, he influenced a large number of artist both in Hungary and internationally.

More information on the English and Hungarian Wikipedia pages.

The Kassák Museum’s website is [1]
Erzsébet Andics

From the longer Hungarian Wikipedia page [1]

Erzsébet Andics (May 26, 1902-Budapest, 2 April 1986) Soviet-Hungarian historian, communist politician and university professor was a regular member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. From 1949 to 1958 she was the president of the Hungarian Historical Society.

Between 1946 and 1953 she worked at the Party College of the MDP, in 1953-1954 she became the first deputy of the Minister of Education, between 1954 and 1956 she was the head of the Cultural Department of the MDP KV.

On October 28, 1956, she was transported to Moscow with her husband Andor Berei and other politicians. Andics and Berei returned to Szolnok on November 5, where the Free People was formed as leaders of the information group of the Hungarian Revolutionary Workers' Peasant Government (first János Kádár government). On November 16, 1956, with Ander Berei, they migrated to the Soviet Union, where they returned home in April 1958. During their absence, in 1957, they were included in the MSZMP from the MDP, but the first Kádár government classified them as fallen cancerists and deprived them of their parliamentary mandate and all other public office positions at the same time they were "excluded" by them. No significant political or public office could be obtained anymore. The decision did not affect their professional careers.

Andics was president of the Hungarian Historical Society between 1949-1958 and chairman of the National Peace Council in 1950-56. From 1950 to 1974 she was head of department at the Budapest University of Science. She also published in Russian, German and French.
Georgy Malenkov

From the longer English Wikipedia page [1]

Georgy Maximilianovich Malenkov (Russian: Гео́ргий Максимилиа́нович Маленко́в; 8 January 1902 [O.S. 26 December 1901] – 14 January 1988) was a Soviet politician and Communist Party leader.

Malenkov was forced to resign, in February 1955, after he came under attack for abuse of power and his close connection to Lavrentiy Beria (who was executed as a traitor in December 1953). He was held responsible for the slow pace of reforms, particularly when it came to rehabilitating political prisoners.

For two more years, Malenkov remained a regular member of the Presidium. Together with Nikita Khrushchev, he flew to the island of Brioni (Brijuni, Yugoslavia) on the night of 1–2 November 1956 to inform Josip Broz Tito of the impending Soviet invasion of Hungary scheduled for 4 November

On Stalin’s death in 1953, Malenkov was briefly party leader, but was soon replaced by Nikita Khrushchev, with Malenkov as premier, as the party did not want both functions entrusted to the same person. His two-year term ended in failure. He was expelled from the Politburo in 1957. In 1961 he was expelled from the party and exiled to Kazakhstan.

The Russian Wikipedia page is [2]. There is various other coverage, eg the Marxist Internet Archive page [3].
Erzsébet Nagy

From the Hungarian Wikipedia page [1]

Erzsebet Nagy (13 April 1927 Kaposvár, Hungary-29 January 2008. Budapest) Hungarian journalist, translator, the Historical Justice Committee founder and leader, the creator of preserving the memory of Imre Nagy Foundation.

The daughter of Prime Minister Imre Nagy was born in 1927 in Kaposvár. From the age of three she lived in the Soviet Union with her family for several years as a Siberian displaced person. She graduated from Moscow. In 1945 she returned home with her family. She was employed in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, later in the Ministry of Agriculture and then at the Institute of Cultural Relations. From 1952 to 1955 she edited the Russian-language monthly Vengrija-Hungary, which was removed for political reasons, and then she worked for the Academy publisher.

In the aftermath of the 1956 revolution and war of independence, on 4 November 1956, her family - her parents, her husband and her children (Ferenc Jánosi jr. and Katalin Jánosi) - were granted asylum in the Yugoslavia Embassy in Budapest and on 22 November were deported to Romania - Snagov and Pitesti and Călimăneştibe. Her father as executed on June 16 1958 in Budapest. Her husband, Ferenc Jánosi, was sentenced to eight years' imprisonment.

Erzsébet Nagy returned to Budapest in 1958, but by then her home was confiscated. Her husband died in 1968 and her mother died in 1978. In the Kádár system, Erzsébet Nagy was strictly supervised by his workplaces and activities. On the 29th anniversary of the death of Imre Nagy and his martyrs, she remembered the private house, Erzsébet Nagy's message to young people who are democratically transformed by Beszélő. through a samizdat page.

In 1982 János Vészi (1927-2003) married a journalist and a pedagogical writer. Between 1983-1991, the Hungarian Digest Revue de Hongrie. She worked as an editor in English and French language journals. After the change of regime, she actively participated in political public life. From 1988 she became one of the founders and leaders of the Historical Justice Committee, and her leadership in 1992 declined due to the fact that the TIB had its own right. The Imre Nagy Foundation was established in 1989 in conjunction with her husband, together with János Vészi, the purpose of this foundation is to preserve the memories and thoughts of the martyr's Prime Minister and to release his political and scientific works. The president of the foundation became János Vészi (1927-2003) and then became Erzsébet Nagy after his death. Erzsébet Nagy did a great deal of work both abroad and in Hungary for the recognition of the 1956 Revolution and War of Independence and for the rehabilitation of Prime Minister Imre Nagy and his martyrs, for their endurance and appreciation. In 2002 , the middle cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary was awarded the Hungarian Merit Order.
László Rusznyák

From the Russian Wikipedia page [1]

Laszlo Rusnjak ( Hungarian Rusznyák László ; May 10, 1933, Somogy County (Somogy megye), Hungary - November 29, 1957, Budapest) - Hungarian worker- miner, an active participant in the 1956 anti-communist Hungarian uprising. The first commander of the " Miner's brigade." Executed after the suppression of the uprising. In modern Hungary is considered a hero of the revolution.

Born in the family of a railway worker. At the age of 16 he left home, lived in Budapest. He worked at the factories of the capital as a foundry worker and a laborer. Then he moved to a coal mine in the Pest area.

In 1953 - 1955 he served in the army, was promoted to corporal. He returned to the mine, worked as a miner. Was considered the foremost production. At the same time, Laszlo Rusnyak was negative about the ruling regime, especially the state security organs.

In October 1956, Laszlo Rusnjak supported the anti-communist Hungarian uprising . With a group of other miners miners , he arrived in Budapest. He joined the rebel group that controlled the Sen square, which was headed by József Dudás and János Szabó.

Despite the modesty of nature, which was noted by people who knew him, in the first days of the fighting Laszlo Rusnyak commanded the “ Miner's brigade ” of the rebels. Participated in a major clash on October 28 with the superior forces of the Soviet troops and local communists. November 2 handed over command to Robert Banu . As part of the rebel group, Bana tried to retreat from Budapest to the Austrian border in order to expand the struggle in the province.

November 4, Laszlo Rusnyak was captured by Soviet troops. A few weeks contained in Uzhgorod .

December 22, Laszlo Rusnyak was transferred to the authorities of Hungary. Appeared before the court in the framework of the process of the “Miner's Brigade”. At trial he held firmly, saying that he had fought not against the people's power, but “against the secret police oppressing the Hungarian people” [2] .

July 29, the court sentenced Rusnyak to death. The verdict was appealed, but confirmed on November 23. A week after the final verdict, Laszlo Rusnjak was executed along with Robert Ban and two other miners-insurgents - Tibor Czimer, Andras Laurinets.

In modern Hungary, Laszlo Rusnjak is considered a hero and martyr of the revolution, an emblematic figure of worker participation in the 1956 uprising.
Children of Glory

Children Of Glory (Hungarian: Szabadság, Szerelem), is a 2006 film directed by Krisztina Goda (English Wikipedia page [1], Hungarian [2]). Children of Glory commemorates Hungary's Revolution of 1956 and the "Blood in the Water" match.

More information on the English [3] and Hungarian [4] Wikipedia pages.
László Piros

From the English Wikipedia page [1]

László Piros (10 May 1917 – 13 January 2006) was a Hungarian communist politician and military officer, who served as Interior Minister between 1954 and 1956.

He fought in the Second World War, but he was captured by the Soviets at Voronezh (January 1943). After that he took part in the antifascist movements. Piros worked as a partisan during the end of the war. He was a member of the Provisional National Assembly.

Following the arrest of Gábor Péter, Piros led State Protection Authority (ÁVH) from 1953. As Interior Minister he reexamined the previous years' show trials.

During the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 he left the country along with Ernő Gerő and András Hegedüs to the Soviet Union. Later he returned to home.

More information on the Hungarian and Russian Wikipedia pages.
Károly Janza

From the Hungarian Wikipedia page [1]

Károly Janza (Újpest, 11 April 1914 - Budapest, 21 June 2001) was a turner, from 1949 the general of the Hungarian People's Army. Between 1951-56 he was deputy to the Minister of Defense and in 1956 was Minister of Defense for a short time.

He was born in Újpest in 1914. After completing the elementary school he went to Ganz Shipyard. In 1945, he became chairman of the yard's commission, but left his job in 1949 to join the army. He became the deputy head of the Hungarian People's Army's military service and then became the real leader.

On November 2, 1952, he was promoted to Lieutenant General. Between January 27, 1951 and 26 October 1956, he was Deputy Minister of Defense. On October 26 after the resignation of István Bata, he was appointed Minister of Defense. He tried to get the insurgents to get the gunshot, not many results. On November 4, at the time of the Soviet invasion, he resided in the Ministry of Defense and forbade the resistance of the available troops.

The Hungarian Revolutionary Worker-Peasant Government retired. The Münnich government, shortly after taking office, deprived of its military rank on 21 February 1958.

In 1990 he was rehabilitated and returned his rank.
Ferenc Gönczi

From the Hungarian Wikipedia page [1]

Francis Gönczi (Budapest August 3, 1931- Budapest, June 26. 1957) driver, and 1956 freedom fighter.

In 1949 he entered the Hungarian Working People's Party, of which he was a member until 1954. He worked in the Stalin city and participated in the editing of the Iron Works there. Later he became an associate of Néplap in Fejér County, then a member of the journalist association.

From 1951 he completed military service, and he also completed a Petőfi training course. He became a cultural instructor in Cegléd and after he left the military, he began working as a machine gun again. He also took two jobs at a time to support his family.

He was present during The demonstration of 23 October 1956 and helped to bring a girl to the hospital who was injured at the radio building. He joined the Volunteer Ambulance Service and, from October 26, he delivered the wounded with Ilona Tóth.

He also went to the countryside for food, and on 4 November he was captured by Soviet soldiers in Szombathely. He was released and returned to Budapest on 13 November. He was not a part of the armed struggle but was involved in political resistance. He produced flyers at the Domonkos Street Auxiliary Hospital and helped spread them. He also worked as a purchaser of the auxiliary hospital until on November 19 and 20, there was a raid on the building. Then he left the institution was assisting in the editing and reproduction of the illegitimate title "Living" on 5 December 1956.

He was brought to trial on charges of incitement and murder, according to the charge, along with Ilona Tóth and Miklós Gyöngyösi, a worker taken to the Domonkos Street Hospital, who was believed to be ÁVH, was brutally murdered. They feared there might be a threat to the resistance in the emergency hospital. With this lawsuit, Kádár's retaliation was intended to show the brutality of the revolution and to expire the revolutionary intelligentsia. The court could not prove the murder, the accusation was based solely on confessions. The identity of the victim was not correct, nor was the chronology set up in the facts, and laboratory tests also refuted the circumstances of the murder admitted in the confessions. The Brandstätter Jenőné dr.

The Special Court Council of the Capital, headed by Matild Tóth, sentenced Ferenc Gönczi to death in the first instance. The People's Court Council of the Supreme Court, chaired by Zoltán Radó, upheld this verdict and aggravated the accusation of accusation of participation in an organization. Ferenc Gönczi was executed on June 26, 1957.
László Iván Kovács

From the Hungarian Wikipedia page [1]

Iván Kovács (August 18 1930 Debrecen-December 30 1957 Budapest) Corvin combat resistance commander in chief at the time of the 1956 Revolution, and post-1956 crackdown martyr.

He was a student of the military school in Sopron when he was forced to flee westward from the Soviets in 1944, with his father. A year later they returned home. He graduated in 1951, then enrolled in law school, but was not recruited due to his father's military past. Finally, he graduated from economics and university for one year at evening school. Between 1951 and 1953 he worked in the army as a civilian employee, but was dismissed. After that, he worked as a miner, sports club performer.

On October 23 1956 he took part in a demonstration before the radio building. During the fighting, he acquired a rifle the same day and took part in the struggle against Soviet tanks on the Üllői road. He joined the Corvin fighters on October 25, and he was the leader of his 26s. On the 28th, Imre Nagy received a request for the introduction of a multi-party system, the withdrawal of Soviet troops, and the organization of a militia from resistance groups. The insurgents, seeing the hesitation of the country's leadership, became mistrustful of the government, and as Iván Kovács László Pál Maléter was an unconditional supporter of him, as well as against him. He was replaced by Gergely Pongrátz on November 1. In return, he was elected to a committee organized to establish a national guard. After the attack of the Soviet troops on 4 November, he was excused (wrongly) and arrested as a traitor. As he escorted Kilián into a barracks as a prisoner, he escaped and was forced to hide until November 10th. He moved from 10 to his parents' house in Göd, from where he began to organize the ideas of the revolution. He made flyers, designed the release of Pál Maléter and the creation of an illegal "Turul Party". 1957 . was arrested on March 12th, and then the court chaired by Ferenc Vida was charged with rallying death by leading an anti-state organization. He was executed December 30th 1957.

The Russian Wikipedia page [2].
Ernő Gerő

From the longer English Wikipedia page [1]

Ernő Gerő [ˈɛrnøː ˈɡɛrøː] (born Ernő Singer; 8 July 1898 – 12 March 1980) was a Hungarian Communist Party leader in the period after World War II and briefly in 1956 the most powerful man in Hungary as first secretary of its ruling communist party.

In the November 1945 election, Hungary, the Hungarian Communist Party, under Gerő and Mátyás Rákosi got 17% of the vote, compared to 57% for the Smallholders' Party, but the Soviet commander in Hungary, Marshal Kliment Voroshilov installed a coalition government with communists in key posts. The communists staged a sham election and took full control in 1949, with Rákosi as party leader, prime minister (and effective head of state). Gerő and Mihály Farkas were Rákosi's right-hand men.

Rákosi's authority was shaken in 1953 by the death of Stalin, when the Soviet Union insisted on Imre Nagy taking over as prime minister, but Gerő was retained as a counterweight to the reformers. Rákosi, having managed to regain control, was then undermined by Nikita Khrushchev's secret speech in early 1956 denouncing Stalinism, and forced to leave office on 18 July 1956 by Anastas Mikoyan, although he was able to designate Gerő to succeed him as party leader.

After Rákosi stepped down, Gerő was instated as party leader in his stead. Gerő had been Rákosi's close associate since 1948, and was fully implicated in the purges, the industrialization and collectivization of Hungary. Gerő led the country for a brief period, known as the 'Gerő Interregnum', from 18 July 1956 to 24 October 1956, just over three months.

The Soviet envoys finally forced Gerő to resign on 25 October 1956, during the second day of the Hungarian Uprising, after he gave an unduly harsh speech that enraged the people. The central committee met and agreed that János Kádár should be made party leader and Imre Nagy be made prime minister, marking the end of the Gerő interregnum. Gerő fled to the Soviet Union, but after the revolution was crushed, the more moderate Communist regime of Kádár initially refused to let him return to Hungary.

He was finally allowed to return from exile in 1960, but was promptly expelled from the Communist Party. He worked as an occasional translator in Budapest during his retirement. His character plays a central role in Vilmos Kondor's 2012 novel Budapest Noir and the whole series. He died in Budapest in 1980 at the age of 81.

More information on the Hungarian Wikipedia page [2].
Communist Party of China

The Communist Party of China (CPC) is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The CPC is the sole governing party of China, although it coexists alongside eight other legal parties that comprise the United Front. It was founded in 1921, chiefly by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao. The party grew quickly, and by 1949 the CPC had driven the Kuomintang (KMT) government from mainland China after a 10-year civil war, thus leading to the establishment of the People's Republic of China.

More information on the Wikipedia page [1], with the period specific to this wiki being at [2].
László Mensáros

From the longer Hungarian Wikipedia page [1]

**Mensáros László** ( Budapest , 1926 . January 26 - Budapest, 1993 . February 7 ) Kossuth and double Jászai Mari-winning actor, worthy and excellent artist.

### Activities in 1956 [ edit ]

He took an active political role in the events of the 1956 Revolution and the War of Independence in Debrecen - as a member of the Theater and City Revolutionary Committees - thanks in part to the fact that no atrocities took place in the theater. In October 1957, he was contracted to the Madách Theater. At that time, his first interrogation took place at the Budapest Police Headquarters. He was arrested on August 22, 1958 in Budapest and taken to the Collective Prison, where he and Iván Darvasmet there and organized theatrical “performances” there. In the last days of December, he was transported to Debrecen, where he was taken back to the first instance at the appeal hearing, where he could also summon witnesses and defend himself at large. On April 9, 1959, he was sentenced by the Debrecen County Court to 2 years and 2 months in prison for his active participation in the movement to overthrow the people's democratic state order. On September 15, 1959, the People's Court Chamber of the Supreme Court upheld the judgment of the Court of First Instance. During his imprisonment, he divorced his wife. As a result of the amnesty, his prison sentence was halved and the four months spent in pre-trial detention were also counted. He was released on July 20, 1960, from Marianostra . At that time he was an assistant worker in the textile warehouse of a company called Rutex, then he was a waiter in the Casino on Margaret Island and in Csili in Pesterzsébet .

From October 1961, he was able to sign a contract with the Szigliget Theater in Szolnok , which Gábor Berényi attended to György Aczél . From September 1964 to May 1984 he was a member of the Madách Theater. In 1968, he married Mikes Gabriella (Killy).

In 1984, he applied for his retirement. In 1985–89 he was a correspondence student at the Pázmány Péter Academy of Theology . From 1986 until his death, he taught at the Gór Nagy Mária Acting School. His second wife, Killy, died on December 5, 1989.

He died on February 7, 1993, after a long, serious illness.
Grigore Preoteasa

From the longer English Wikipedia page [1]

Grigore Preoteasa (August 25, 1915 – November 4, 1957) was a Romanian communist activist, journalist, and politician, who served as Communist Romania's Minister of Foreign Affairs between October 4, 1955 and the time of his death.

Selected a member of the Central Committee in December 1955, replacing Leonte Răutu as head of the Propaganda Section, he became secretary of the Central Committee and deputy member of the Politburo in June 1957. He was probably seen by Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej as a replacement for Răutu, who was by then falling out of favour.

As minister, Preoteasa was noted for handling the aftermath of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, and for detaining on Romanian soil those Hungarian politicians who had been captured by the Soviets — including Imre Nagy (kept in a Securitate building in Snagov) and György Lukács. Following a request from János Kadar, Romanian authorities referred to many of these arrests as "granting asylum", implying that the Soviets had extended their protection in the face of counterrevolution. His government office was taken over by Ion Gheorghe Maurer in July 1957.

A member of the PMR delegation to the 40th anniversary of the October Revolution in Moscow (alongside Gheorghiu-Dej, Chivu Stoica, Alexandru Moghioroş, Ştefan Voitec,Nicolae Ceauşescu, and Răutu), Preoteasa died at Vnukovo International Airport, minutes after their Aeroflot aircraft missed the landing field and caught fire. According to witnesses, Preoteasa was the only person standing at the time, telling others that he was glad not to have been asked to wear a seat belt; when control of the airplane was lost, he remarked, probably in jest, "This was not in the schedule", which were to be his last words.

Recurring speculations that the incident had been specifically designed to kill Preoteasa, or that it was meant by the Soviets for Gheorghiu-Dej as relations between the latter and Nikita Khrushchev had soured dramatically, are contradicted by the fact that Ceauşescu, Răutu, and other passengers all sustained serious injuries while the Soviet crew was killed. Commentators tend to agree that his death did facilitate Ceauşescu's maneuvering for power after 1964.

The Romanian Wikipedia page is [2]
Hungary 1956 Wikia

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## Welcome to the Hungary 1956 Wikia

A wiki set up to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the Hungarian Uprising of 1956, and to explore the Cold War world in which it occurred.

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