recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Chew Men Leong

## Admiral Chew Men Leong

Chew Men Leong

**Chew Men Leong** is a Singaporean former two-star rear-admiral who served as Chief of Navy between 2007 and 2011.

### Education

Chew received his pre-university education in Raffles Junior College and graduated in 1985. He was awarded the Singapore Armed Forces Overseas Scholarship in 1987. He graduated with a bachelor's degree (first class honours) in electrical and electronic engineering from Imperial College London in 1990. He was awarded the Singapore Armed Forces Postgraduate Scholarship in 2001 and went on to obtain a Master of Science in management from Stanford University in 2002.

### Career

Chew enlisted in the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) in 1985. Throughout his military career, he held various appointments, including: Executive Officer, RSS *Sea Lion* (1992–1994); Commanding Officer, RSS *Vigour* (1998–2000); Commanding Officer, 188 Squadron (2000); Commander, 1st Flotilla (2001); Head, Joint Plans and Transformation Department (2002–2004); Fleet Commander (2004–2005); Head, Naval Operations Department (2006); Chief of Staff, Naval Staff (2006–2007).

Chew succeeded Ronnie Tay as the Chief of Navy on 31 August 2007. He left the SAF on 29 March 2011 and relinquished his appointment to Ng Chee Peng.

After retiring from the military, Chew became the Chief Executive Officer of the Public Utilities Board (PUB), Singapore's national water agency on 8 December 2011 to 30 September 2014. Subsequently, he was appointed as Chief Executive of the Land Transport Authority from 1 October 2014 to 11 November 2016 until his resignation from the public service. He also sits on the board of Jurong Port Pte Ltd and is also a member of the Singapore Quality Award Governing Council.
HMS Lowestoft

Not to be confused with HMS Lowestoft (U59) or HMS Lowestoft (1913)

## HMS Lowestoft (F103)

HMS Lowestoft

HMS Lowestoft (F103) was a Rothesay-class frigate of the Royal Navy.

### Career

HMS Lowestoft joined the 5th Frigate Squadron in March 1962. On November 16, 1962, a Westland Whirlwind from HMS Hermes crashed in the sea off St. David's Head. HMS Lowestoft recovered 3 survivors. In 1964, she participated in the opening ceremony of the Forth Road Bridge. On September 4th, 1964, she collided with HMS Lion.

In 1971, HMS Lowestoft joined NATO Standing Naval Force Atlantic. From 1976 to 1977 she was refitted and defended Ascension Island during the Falklands War.

She was decommissioned and paid off in 1985, and sunk as a target in 1986.
KDB Berkat

## KDB Berkat (18)

KDB Berkat

KDB Berkat (18) is an Ijtihad-class patrol boat of the Royal Brunei Navy.

KDB Berkat took part in CARAT 2018 along with KDB Darulaman, USNS Fall River, and USS Emory S. Land.

In 2018-2019, Berkat took part in many exercises. In 2018 she exercised with HMAS Launceston and KDB Darulaman, and in 2019 she exercised with HMS Montrose.
HNoMS Harald Haarfagre

HNoMS Harald Haarfagre

**HNoMS *Harald Haarfagre***, known locally as *Panserskipet Harald Haarfagre*, was a Norwegian coastal defence ship. She, her sister ship *Tordenskjold* and the slightly newer *Eidsvold* class were built as part of the general rearmament in the time leading up to the events in 1905. *Harald Haarfagre* remained an important vessel in the Royal Norwegian Navy until she was considered unfit for war in the mid-1930s.

### Career

A vital part of the Royal Norwegian Navy, *Harald Haarfagre* performed ordinary duties until she was considered "unfit for war" in the mid-1930s and disarmed. After the German invasion of Norway, she was seized by the Germans and rebuilt as a floating flak battery under the name ***Thetis***. After the war *Harald Haarfagre* was used briefly as a floating barracks, and for transporting German POWs, before she was sold for scrapping in 1948.

It was intended to augment the Norwegian Panserskip fleet with the two ships of the *Bjørgvin* class, ordered in 1912, but after these were compulsorily purchased by the Royal Navy at the outbreak of the First World War, the *Tordenskjold* class and the slightly newer, two ship, *Eidsvold* class remained in service the Norwegian navy long after they were obsolete due to a lack of suitable replacements.

Today the name KNM *Harald Haarfagre* is used on the Royal Norwegian Navy and Royal Norwegian Air Force Basic Training Establishment, located in Madla, Stavanger.
Mark 54 Torpedo

### Users

(All current) Australia, Brazil, Canada, India, Mexico, New Zealand, Netherlands, United Kingdom, United States

### Designer

Raytheon

The **Mark 54 Lightweight Torpedo** (formerly known as **Lightweight Hybrid Torpedo**, or **LHT**) is a standard 12.75-inch (324 mm) anti-submarine warfare (ASW) torpedo used by the United States Navy.

### Development

The Mark 54 was co-developed by Raytheon Integrated Defense Systems and the U.S. Navy under the U.S. Navy's Lightweight Hybrid Torpedo program in response to perceived problems with the extant Mark 50 and Mark 46 torpedoes. The Mk 50, having been developed to counter very high performance nuclear submarines such as the Soviet Alfa class, was seen as too expensive to use against relatively slow conventional submarines. The older Mk 46, designed for open-ocean use, performed poorly in the littoral areas, where the Navy envisioned itself likely to operate in the future.

The Mk 54 was created by combining the homing portion of the Mk 50 and the warhead and propulsion sections of the Mk 46, improved for better performance in shallow water, and with the addition of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) technology to further reduce costs. It shares much of the software and computer hardware of the Mk 48 ADCAP heavy torpedo, based around a custom PowerPC 603e microprocessor.

Developmental testing began in July 1999, and a successful critical design review was completed in November 1999.

In April 2003, Raytheon was awarded a sole source contract for the production of the Mk 54. Full rate production began in October 2004. In March 2010 the Fifth Fleet requested improvements in the Mk 54's performance against diesel-electric submarines via an Urgent Operational Need Statement (UONS). This led to a software Block Upgrade (BUG) program which began testing in August 2011 and which continues, having been criticised by the Director, Operational Test and Evaluation (DOT&E) for using unrealistic proxies for threat submarines.

The Mk 54 can be fired from surface ships via the Mark 32 surface vessel torpedo tubes or the vertical launch anti-submarine rocket (ASROC) systems, and also from most ASW aircraft, although they are slightly different lengths and weights. The P-8 Poseidon uses the High-Altitude Anti-Submarine Warfare Weapons Capability (HAAWC) GPS-guided parachute kit to drop torpedoes from high altitude.

The FY14 DOT&E report assessed the Mk 54 (BUG) torpedo as not operationally effective in its intended role: "During operationally challenging and realistic scenarios, the Mk 54 (BUG) demonstrated below threshold performance and exhibited many of the same failure mechanisms observed during the FY 2004 initial operational testing". Shortfalls were also identified with the employing platforms’ tactics and tactical documentation, and interoperability problems with some platform fire control systems.
KDB Darulehsan

## KDB Darulehsan (07)

KDB Darulehsan

**KDB *Darulehsan* (07)** is the second ship of the *Darussalam*-class offshore patrol vessels. The vessel is in active service in the Royal Brunei Navy (RBN).

### Career

Singapore and Brunei concluded their flagship bilateral naval exercise from 10 to 13 July 2011 which consists of KDB *Darulehsan*, KDB *Syafaat*, KDB *Itjihad* and RSS *Stalwart*.

On 14 April 2014, KDB *Darulehsan* set sail to Qingdao, China for *Western Pacific Naval Symposium 2014* (WPNS 2014). It is the first time the Royal Brunei Navy visited China and participated in one of its naval exercises. KDB *Darulehsan* returned to port on 5 May 2014.

On 30 April 2014, KDB *Darulehsan* arrived at Haiphong, Vietnam for a goodwill visit and to enhance diplomatic ties between the two countries.

KDB *Darulehsan*, KDB *Ijtihad*, KD *Selangor* and KD *Ganas* attendee Exercise Hornbill 24/2014 from 18 to 24 November 2014, hosted by both the Royal Brunei Navy and the Royal Malaysian Navy.

KDB *Darulehsan* was sent on a maritime exercise in Langkawi, Malaysia for *Langkawi International Maritime & Aerospace Exhibition 2015* (LIMA'15) which lasted from 17–21 March 2015. She returned to Muara Naval Base on 26 March 2015.

Singapore and Brunei concluded their flagship bilateral naval exercise on 27 November. Exercise Pelican ran from 23 to 27 November 2015, hosted by the Republic of Singapore Navy. The exercise featured RSS *Valiant*, RSS *Stalwart*, KDB *Darussalam* and KDB *Darulehsan*.

The Republic of Singapore Navy and Royal Brunei Navy held an exercise which consisted of RSS *Tenacious*, RSS *Valour*, RSS *Vigour*, KDB *Darussalam*, KDB *Darulehsan* and KDB *Darulaman*. All Republic of Singapore Navy ships left on 7 November 2019.

KDB *Darulehsan* joined HMAS *Stuart*, HMAS *Sirius*, USS *Rafael Peralta* and RSS *Supreme* on their way to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii in preparation for RIMPAC 2020 on 6 August.
HMAS Warramunga

Not to be confused with HMAS Warramunga (I44)

## HMAS Warramunga (FFH 152)

HMAS Warramunga

**HMAS *Warramunga* (FFH 152)** is an *Anzac*-class frigate of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). One of ten frigates built for the Australian and New Zealand navies, *Warramunga* was laid down by Tenix Defence in 1997 and commissioned in 2001. During her career, the frigate has operated in the Persian Gulf as part of Operation Catalyst, and undertaken anti-piracy operations off Somalia. *Warramunga* underwent the Anti-Ship Missile Defence (ASMD) upgrade during 2014. She is active as of October 2022.

### History

On 31 July 2006, *Warramunga* departed Fleet Base West for her first deployment to the Persian Gulf as part of Operation Catalyst, taking over duties from HMAS *Ballarat*. While on station in the Gulf, *Warramunga* conducted 150 boardings and security patrols, 320 flying hours were logged by her embarked Seahawk helicopter, and 450 investigative queries of merchant vessels were made. *Warramunga* returned to Fremantle on 2 February 2007 after 186 days at sea.

On 29 May 2009, it was announced that *Warramunga* would be re-tasked with protecting civilian vessels from piracy in Somali waters. The ship was assigned to Combined Task Force 151, which was tasked with preventing pirate attacks on commercial vessels in the shipping lanes off the Horn of Africa and Somalia.

During July and August 2010, *Warramunga* was one of three RAN ships to participate in the RIMPAC 2010 multinational exercise. During RIMPAC, the frigate participated in the sinking of the decommissioned amphibious assault ship USS *New Orleans*, firing several rounds from her main gun.

*Warramunga* was the fourth ship of the class to undergo the Anti-Ship Missile Defence (ASMD) upgrade. The upgrade occurred across 2014 and early 2015, the upgrade included the fitting of CEA Technologies' CEAFAR and CEAMOUNT phased array radars, on new masts, a Vampir NG Infrared Search and Track system, and Sharpeye Navigational Radar Systems, along with improvements to the operations room equipment and layout. As well as the ASMD upgrade, *Warramunga* was the first ship of the RAN to be painted with the polysiloxane-based Haze Grey paint, which has greater durability and infrared-reflection capabilities than the Storm Grey polyurethane paint used for the previous 60 years. A new ship's company (that of sister ship *Parramatta*, which was docked for upgrading) was assigned on 31 March 2015, and the ship was relaunched on 8 April. On reentering service, the ship's homeport was changed to Fleet Base East, where she arrived on 2 September.

In November 2017, *Warramunga* deployed to the Middle East as part of a combined Australian and Canadian task force. The ship carried out patrol activities in the Arabian Sea until late May 2018, intercepting and boarding 13 vessels suspected of drug trafficking. A total of 28 tonnes of heroin and hashish were seized by *Warramunga*'s crew during these operations.

*Warramunga* participated in RIMPAC 2022.
C-2 Greyhound

## Grumman C-2 Greyhound

C-2 Greyhound

The **Grumman C-2 Greyhound** is a twin-engine, high-wing cargo aircraft designed to carry supplies, mail, and passengers to and from aircraft carriers of the United States Navy. Its primary mission is carrier onboard delivery (COD). The aircraft provides critical logistics support to carrier strike groups. The aircraft is mainly used to transport high-priority cargo such as jet engines and special stores, mail, and passengers between carriers and shore bases.

Prototype C-2s first flew in 1964, and production followed the next year. The initial Greyhound aircraft were overhauled in 1973. In 1984, more C-2As were ordered under designation Reprocured C-2A or C-2A(R). In 2010, all C-2A(R) aircraft received updated propellers (from four to eight blades) and navigational updates (glass cockpit). The U.S. Navy is to start replacing the remaining 27 C-2As with 38 CMV-22Bs in 2020 with full fielding in 2028.
NRP Vasco de Gama

## NRP Vasco de Gama (F330)

Vasco De Gama at an exercise

**NRP *Vasco da Gama*** is a Portuguese frigate of the *Vasco da Gama* class operated by the Portuguese Navy. She was laid down by Blohm + Voss on 2 February 1989, launched on 26 June 1989, and commissioned on 18 January 1991.

### History

In 1995, *Vasco de Gama* spent five months deployed in the Adriatic Sea as part of Operation Sharp Guard, enforcing economic sanctions and an arms embargo against the former Yugoslavia, with the frigate inspecting 91 merchant ships during the deployment. In July 1998, she was deployed off Guinea-Bissau to rescue Portuguese and other European citizens threatened by the Guinea-Bissau Civil War. *Vasco da Gama* was deployed to East Timor as part of the Australian-led INTERFET peacekeeping taskforce from 16 November 1999 to 22 February 2000.
INS Mysore

Not to be confused with INS Mysore (C60)

## INS Mysore (D60)

INS Mysore

INS Mysore (D60) is a Delhi-class destroyer of the Indian Navy.

### Career

In August 2008, INS Mysore and INS Ranvir anchored outside of Sri Lanka to provide security for the Indian Prime Minister. In November 2008, she replaced INS Tabar in the Gulf of Aden. She captured 23 pirates who were attacking an Ethiopia-flagged vessel.

On February 26, 2011, she departed with INS Jalashwa to the Mediterranean to evacuate Indian citizens from Libya. Later that month Mysore liberated an Iranian cargo ship held by pirates.

In 2014 she and INS Tarkash deployed to the Persian Gulf after evacuating citizens from Iraq.
Cv Barosso

Not to be confused with the ironclad Barosso

## Cv Barosso (V-34)

Cv Barosso

**Cv *Barroso* (V-34)** is a corvette of the Brazilian Navy, and the lead ship of its sub class. The fifth Brazilian warship to be named after Admiral Francisco Manoel Barroso da Silva, *Barroso* was launched on 20 December 2002 and commissioned on 19 August 2008.

### Career

On 4 September 2015 the corvette *Barroso* rescued 220 Syrian migrants in the Mediterranean Sea, as reported by the Ministry of Defense in a statement released on its website. The Brazilian ship was sailing towards Beirut in Lebanon to replace the frigate *União* as the flagship of the Maritime Task Force (MTF) of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) when it received an alert from the Italian Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre (MRCC) about a sinking vessel taking immigrants to Europe.

On 27 November 2018 she fired the first Mansup prototype.

In July 2010, after the visit of Brazilian president, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva to Equatorial Guinea, an order for a *Barroso*-class corvette was announced. However, as of 2014 no further news has been announced.

In 2015, EMGEPRON displayed at the LAAD 2015 trade show a model of the *Tamandaré*-class corvette, a proposed upgrade to *Barroso*.
F Uniao

## F Uniao (F-45)

F Uniao

F Uniao is a Niteroi-class Frigate of the Brazilian Navy.

From November 14, 2011, to May 14, 2012, F Uniao led the UNIFIL Task Force, leading 3 German, 2 Bangladeshi, one Greek, one Turkish, and one Indonesian vessel. She was replaced by F Liberal.

She was flagship again afterwards, from July 11, 2013 to January 17, 2014. She relieved F Constituicao and was replaced by F Liberal again.

In 2022, she cruised the coast of West Africa.

F Uniao was accompanied by F Independencia, S Tikuna, ARA Sarandi, and ARA Almirante Bartolome Cordero in a naval exercise.
HMAS Ballarat (J184)

Not to be confused with the other HMAS Ballarat

HMAS Ballarat

HMAS Ballarat (J184) was a Bathurst-class corvette and one of 20 in the Royal Australian Navy.

### Career

HMAS Ballarat escorted the liner Queen Mary as a part of a troop convoy to the Middle East. She performed escort patrols from Darwin to East Timor through 1941, and headed to Singapore in 1942. She performed rescue duties in the Banka Strait in that year, and rescued survivors from Derrymore in February. She was the last RAN ship to leave during the evacuation of Sumatra.

Afterwards, HMAS Ballarat resumed convoy escort around New Guinea. She and HMAS Katoomba were attacked by dive bombers in November 1942 but survived, and she was involved in the deployment of troops to Buna in December along with HMAS Broome and HMAS Colac.

From 1943 to early 1944, Ballarat was involved in anti-submarine duties around Australia, and also performed troop transport.

She was present in Tokyo Bay during the Japanese surrender in 1945.

She was intended for civilian service but was never used in her coastal trader role, and was eventually scrapped in 1953.
FS Var

Not to be confused with FS Var (1806)

## FS Var (A 608)

FS Var

FS Var (A 608) is a Durance-class oiler of the French Navy.

In October 2001, FS Var was one of the first French ships in Operation Enduring Freedom, which she participated in from October 3.

In 2005 she was sent to Pakistan to provide earthquake relief.

From August 3, 2006, to July 2009, she was the flagship of ALINDIEN.

From 2009 Var was the mine supply ship of the French Navy.

From 2010 to 2011 she took part in mine warfare training exercises.

In 2015 Var took command of Combined Task Force 150.

In April 2018 she took part in Operation Hamilton.

On July 1, 2021, she was withdrawn from service.
Karel Doorman-class Frigate

## Karel Doorman-class

HNLMS Van Amstel

The ***Karel Doorman*-class** frigates are a series of eight multi-purpose vessels built for the Royal Netherlands Navy. Its namesake is Karel Doorman, a Dutch naval officer whose ship was struck by a Japanese torpedo in the Battle of the Java Sea in 1942, and who, as a result of which, went down with his ship.

### Design History

In the 1970s, Dutch naval authorities deemed the Roofdier-class frigates old, outdated, and therefore in need of replacement. This led to the construction of the *Karel Doorman*-class frigates in the mid 1980s after the Dutch navy had finalised the design and requirements for the frigates at the end of the 1970s and early 1980s.

The design of the M-frigates was made in-house at the Royal Netherlands Navy, in close collaboration with construction site De Schelde in Vlissingen and design agency Nevesbu. For the first time stealth techniques were used in the design, such as the sloping walls of the bridge section. Much attention was also paid to the care and facilities for the crew, with more privacy and improved comfort.

The *Karel Doorman* class were designed as multi purpose frigates that could perform a wide range of missions. Their armament reflects this by incorporating many features, such as the ability to engage submarines, aircraft and surface vessels. Besides warfare the armaments can also be used to support anti-drug and piracy operations.

First amongst this class to be launched was HNLMS *Karel Doorman*. Laid down in February 1985 and launched in April 1988, it was commissioned by the Dutch navy in May 1991. *Karel Doorman* was followed by HNLMS *Willem van der Zaan*, HNLMS *Tjerk Hiddes*, HNLMS *Van Amstel*, HNLMS *Abraham van der Hulst*, HNLMS *Van Nes*, HNLMS *Van Galen*, and HNLMS *Van Speijk*. Even while the ships were still under construction, Dutch authorities tried, and ultimately failed, to negiotate purchase orders by interested foreign navies.

However, six decommissioned *Karel Doorman*-class frigates were eventually bought by the Belgian, Chilean, and Portuguese navies, and the proceeds were subsequently invested in development of the *Holland*-class offshore patrol vessel.

### Armament

* 16 × RIM-7 Sea Sparrow anti-air VLS
* 8 × Boeing Harpoon anti-ship missile
* 2–6 × FN MAG 7.62 mm machine gun
* 2–4 × Browning M2 12.7 mm machine gun
* 2 × Twin-Mark 46 torpedo tubes
* 1 × OTO Melara 76 mm gun
* 1 × Goalkeeper CIWS

### Ships in Class

* HNLMS Karel Doorman - Sold to Belgium as BNS Leopold I
* HNLMS Willem van der Zaan - sold to Belgium as BNS Louise-Marie
* HNLMS Tjerk Hiddes - sold to Chile as CNS Almirante Blanco Encalada
* HNLMS Van Amstel - in active service with the Netherlands
* HNLMS Abraham van der Hulst - sold to Chile as CNS Almirante Rivieros
* HNLMS Van Nes - sold to Portugal as NRP Bartolomeu Dias
* HNLMS Van Galen - sold to Portugal as NRP Dom Francisco de Almeida
* HNLMS Van Speijk - laid up
Cv Julio de Noronha

## Cv Julio de Noronha (V-32)

Cv Julio de Noronha

**Cv *Júlio de Noronha*** **(V-32)** is the third ship of the *Inhaúma*-class corvette of the Brazilian Navy.

### Career

The ship was built at Naval Arsenal Rio de Janeiro in Rio de Janeiro and was launched on 15 December 1989 and commissioned on 7 October 1992.

In May 1997, she joined F União and S Tamoio while participating at the invitation of Portugal in NATO's Linked Seas '97 Operation, held offshore between 15 and 19 May of the Iberian Peninsula, between the Portuguese coast and the Strait of Gibraltar. Among other ships, the Amyot D'Inville participated in this exercise. This exercise lasted 68 days and sailed over 12,000 nautical miles, with the GT returning to the Rio de Janeiro Naval Base on June 16.
RFS Admiral Gorshkov

RFS Admiral Gorshkov

RFS Admiral Gorshkov is the lead Admiral Gorshkov-class frigate of the Russian Navy. She is named for Emil Gorshkov.

### Career

During her 2017 sea trials, she was shadowed by HMS St Albans.

Before her commissioning she performed 16 live-fire exercises.

On her first deployment, she circumnavigated the globe with RFS Kama, RFS Elbrus, and RFS Nikolay. She was the first ship to do so since HIRMS Vityaz in the 1880s. She also took part in Ocean Shield 2019.

In 2020 she test-fired the 3M22 Zircon.

In 2021 Admiral Gorshkov and RFS Altay performed anti-submarine exercises in the Barents Sea. She also did missile tests accompanied by RFS Ilya Muromets, RFS Elbrus, RFS MB-110, RFS Romuald Muklevich, RFS Nikolay Skosyrev, RFS Alexsandr Makorta and RFS Valeriy Fedyanin.

In 2022 it was announced she would be equipped with the 3M22 Zircon.

In February 2023 she exercised with RFS Kama, Huainan, Rizhao, Kekexilihu, SAS Protea, SAS Mendi, and SAS King Sekhukhune I. In March she exercised in the Indian Ocean. She is currently in the Mediterranean.
JS Murasame

## JS Murasame (DD-101)

JS Murasame

JS Murasame (DD-101) is a Murasame-class destroyer of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force.

### Career

JS Murasame took part in the 1998, 2000, and 2002 RIMPAC exercises.

In February 2004, along with JS Osumi, she visited Iraq to aid with the reconstruction. In 2005 she participated in the Battle of Trafalgar ceremonies.

In 2008, along with JS Oume, she provided support for Operation Enduring Freedom. She dispatched to Somalia with JS Yugiri in 2010.

In 2012 she went to Yemen with JS Harusame, and is now assigned to JMSDF Flotilla One.
Ehrenskold-class Destroyer

## Ehrenskold-class

The lead ship of the class, HSwMS Ehrenskold

The ***Ehrensköld* class** was the first "modern" class of destroyer built by the Swedish Navy after the First World War. It introduced several new features, mainly heavy armament in three 12 cm guns and the new 53 cm torpedo. The class included two vessels, *Ehrensköld* and *Nordenskjöld*, which were both launched in 1926 and entered service in 1927. They patrolled the Baltic Sea until 1963, after which they became target vessels. *Nordenskjöld* was scrapped in 1964 and *Ehrensköld* in 1974.

### Construction and Design

In the early 1920s, the Royal Swedish Navy operated 10 destroyers and 29 first-class torpedo boats. The destroyers, which dated between 1902 and 1917, were of similar design, displacing 450–500 long tons (460–510 t) and armed with 75 mm (3 in) guns and 45.7 cm (18 in) torpedo tubes. These ships were smaller and less heavily armed than other navies' destroyers, particularly when compared to those of the British Royal Navy and the Soviet Navy. In 1924, two destroyers of more modern design were laid down, *Ehrensköld* and *Nordenskjöld*. The main gun armament was three 120 mm (4.7 in) guns built by Bofors in single mounts on the ships' centreline, with one gun forward, one aft and one between the ships' two funnels, from which it had a restricted arc of fire. Anti-aircraft armament consisted of two Vickers 40 mm automatic anti-aircraft guns. Torpedo armament consisted of two triple mounts for 53 cm (21 in) torpedoes, while the ships were also fitted for minelaying, being able to carry 20 mines. Three Penhoët boilers fed two de Laval geared steam turbines, generating 34,000 shaft horsepower (25,000 kW) which drove the ships to a speed of 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph).

The two ships were launched in 1926 and commissioned in 1927.

### Armament

* 3× Bofors M24 120 mm (4.7 in) guns
* 2× Vickers 40 mm anti-aircraft guns
* 6× 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes (2 launchers, × 3 tubes each)

### Ships in Class

* HSwMS Ehrenskold
* HSwMS Nordenskjold
F-4 Phantom II

### Operators

Greece, Iran, South Korea, Turkey (current), Australia, Egypt, Germany, Israel, Japan, Spain, UK, USA (former)

### Status

In limited use

The **McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II** is an American tandem two-seat, twin-engine, all-weather, long-range supersonic jet interceptor and fighter-bomber originally developed by McDonnell Aircraft for the United States Navy. Proving highly adaptable, it entered service with the Navy in 1961 before it was adopted by the United States Marine Corps and the United States Air Force, and by the mid-1960s it had become a major part of their air arms. Phantom production ran from 1958 to 1981 with a total of 5,195 aircraft built, making it the most produced American supersonic military aircraft in history, and cementing its position as a signature combat aircraft of the Cold War.

The Phantom is a large fighter with a top speed of over Mach 2.2. It can carry more than 18,000 pounds (8,400 kg) of weapons on nine external hardpoints, including air-to-air missiles, air-to-ground missiles, and various bombs. The F-4, like other interceptors of its time, was initially designed without an internal cannon. Later models incorporated an M61 Vulcan rotary cannon. Beginning in 1959, it set 15 world records for in-flight performance, including an absolute speed record and an absolute altitude record.

The F-4 was used extensively during the Vietnam War. It served as the principal air superiority fighter for the U.S. Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps and became important in the ground-attack and aerial reconnaissance roles late in the war. During the Vietnam War, one U.S. Air Force pilot, two weapon systems officers (WSOs), one U.S. Navy pilot and one radar intercept officer (RIO) became aces by achieving five aerial kills against enemy fighter aircraft. The F-4 continued to form a major part of U.S. military air power throughout the 1970s and 1980s, being gradually replaced by more modern aircraft such as the F-15 Eagle and F-16 Fighting Falcon in the U.S. Air Force, the F-14 Tomcat in the U.S. Navy, and the F/A-18 Hornet in the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps.

The F-4 Phantom II remained in use by the U.S. in the reconnaissance and Wild Weasel (Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses) roles in the 1991 Gulf War, finally leaving service in 1996. It was also the only aircraft used by both U.S. flight demonstration teams: the United States Air Force Thunderbirds (F-4E) and the United States Navy Blue Angels (F-4J). The F-4 was also operated by the armed forces of 11 other nations. Israeli Phantoms saw extensive combat in several Arab–Israeli conflicts, while Iran used its large fleet of Phantoms, acquired before the fall of the Shah, in the Iran–Iraq War. As of 2021, 63 years after its first flight, the F-4 remains in active service with the air forces of Iran, South Korea, Greece, and Turkey. The aircraft has most recently been in service against the Islamic State group in the Middle East.
A Lesson in Hospital Politics

> These last two days of work has given me hope, I think we can get our marriage back to what it once was.
>
> Samantha Collins

**A Lesson in Hospital Politics** is the second episode of the first season of *Educating Doctors*. It premiered on September 22, 2016 to an audience of 4.081 million viewers. It was written by Tristan Murphy and directed by Pauline Swanson.

## Plot

Natalie juggles marking her students homework assignments whilst also ignoring her bosses on the board. Stephen and Samantha begin couples counselling and uses a case at work to help them answer their weekly questions.

## Cast

### Main

* Beth Bonaparte-Tatum as Dr Natalie Waverly
* Coleen Hanover as Dr Felicity Thomas
* Janine Winters as Dr Samantha Collins
* Bradley Barrie as Dr Stephen Fields
* Marcus Alid as Dr Alan Jilly

### Guest: Natalie's students

* Dorothy Lewis as Sasha Melody
* Marisol Evans as Elena Roberts
* Justin Sparks as Paul Macintosh
* Nina Simpson as Sarah Louise Preston
* David Jackson as Carlton Baker
* Matthew Bentley as Andrew Riddle

## Behind-the-scenes

### Production

* The table read for this episode took place on March 12, 2016.
* The filming for this episode began March 13, 2016 and concluded on March 20, 2016.
* Filming took place at PandaCrown Productions own studios.

## See also

* A Lesson in Hospital Politics/Quotes
* A Lesson in Hospital Politics/Credits
* A Lesson in Hospital Politics/Gallery

 "A Lesson in Board Meetings"
Cheng Kung-class Frigate

## Cheng Kung-class

ROCS Tian Dan

The ***Cheng Kung*-class frigates** are eight guided-missile frigates in service in the Republic of China Navy (ROCN). They are based upon the U.S. *Oliver Hazard Perry* class and built by China Shipbuilding Corporation in Kaohsiung, Taiwan under license throughout the 1990s as part of the Kuang Hua I project. These frigates served as the mainstay of the ROCN's area air defense capability prior to the acquisition of the *Keelung* (*Kidd*)-class destroyers in 2005. They are designated with the hull classification PFG (Patrol Frigate, Guided missile) rather than FFG (Frigate, Guided missile) used by the *Oliver Hazard Perry* class.

### Armament

* 1 × Mk 13 Launcher for RIM-66 Standard MR missiles
* 2 × triple Mark 32 torpedo tubes with Mark 46 anti-submarine torpedoes
* 1 × OTO Melara 76 mm/62 caliber naval gun
* 2 × Bofors 40mm/L70 guns
* 1 × 20mm Phalanx CIWS point defense cannon
* 2 × Type 75 20mm/68 caliber guns
* 4 × Hsiung Feng II SSM
* 4 × Hsiung Feng III SSM or 8 × Hsiung Feng II SSM

### Ships in Class

* ROCS Cheng Kung
* ROCS Cheng Ho
* ROCS Chi Kuang
* ROCS Yueh Fei
* ROCS Tzu I
* ROCS Pan Chao
* ROCS Chang Chien
* ROCS Tian Dan
RFS Admiral Chabanenko

RFS Admiral Chabanenko

RFS Admiral Chabanenko is an Udaloy-class destroyer of the Russian Navy. She is named for Andrei Chabanenko.

### Career

In 2008 she sailed through the Panama Canal while exercising with the Venezuelan Navy.

In 2009 she and the RFS Shakhter deployed off the coast of Somalia for counter-piracy.

She and RFS Shakther were present at FRUKUS 2011, a naval exercise involving the USA, UK, France, and Russia.

From 2013 to the present she has been in refit, which will continue into 2025.
HNoMS Fridjtof Nansen (1930)

Not to be confused with the other HNoMS Fridtjof Nansen

## HNoMS Fridtjof Nansen (1930)

HNoMS Fridtjof Nansen

HNoMS Fridtjof Nansen was a patrol trawler of the Royal Norwegian Navy during World War 2.

### Career

In 1933 she ran aground and was repaired through 1934.

During the German invasion in 1940 she was defending North Norway.

She survived 3 air attacks and then escaped to the United Kingdom with 13 other ships. She mostly operated around Scotland and Ireland, and one convoy was formed with several other ships including HMS Veteran and HMS Kelvin.

In November 1940 she ran aground on Jan Mayen and sank. All 67 crewmen survived and were rescued by HNoMS Honningsvag.
HMNZS Canterbury (L421)

HMNZS Canterbury

HMNZS Canterbury is a Canterbury-class multi-role vessel of the Royal New Zealand Navy.

### Career

In her first year, Canterbury visited various bases and did a patrol in the Southern area of New Zealand.

In September 2007 she embarked 200 soldiers and several vehicles to test landing procedures.

As a part of the AU-NZ disaster relief force she provided support to Christchurch residents after their earthquake in 2011.

HMNZS Canterbury took samples from a pumice raft after the eruption in the Kermadec Islands.

HMNZS Canterbury provided relief to Kaikoura after their severe earthquake in 2016.

HMNZS Canterbury headed to Tonga along with HMNZS Wellington and HMNZS Aotearoa to provide aid after the 2020 eruption, carrying 2 NH90 helicopters.
RFS Admiral Vinogradov

RFS Admiral Vinogradov

***Admiral Vinogradov*** is an *Udaloy*-class destroyer of the Russian Navy; it is currently active with the Russian Pacific Fleet. It is named for Admiral Nikolai Ignatevich Vinogradov.

### History

*Admiral Vinogradov* was laid down in the former Soviet Union in February 1986 and was launched in June 1987. The ship was commissioned and joined the Pacific Fleet on 30 December 1988. In August 1990, she was one of three Soviet warships to visit San Diego, California. After the fall of the Soviet regime in 1991 the destroyer joined the new Russian Navy.

*Admiral Vinogradov* was deployed to the Persian Gulf alongside UK and NATO ships to enforce United Nations (UN) resolutions on Iraq in September 1992 along with the Russian tanker *Boris Butoma*.

On 17 November 2010, the ship left Vladivostok to Gulf of Aden to participate in the UN anti-piracy mission of the Horn of Africa. The ship was seen shadowing several US naval vessels during the RIMPAC 2016 naval exercise near Hawaii. In September 2016 the destroyer participated in the joint Russian-Chinese exercise in the South China Sea.

On 7 June 2019, *Admiral Vinogradov* came close to colliding with USS *Chancellorsville*. Each side blamed the other for the near collision. Russian sources stated that the incident occurred in the southeast of the East China Sea while US sources named the location as in the Philippine Sea. The Russian Navy claimed that the US ship made an unsafe maneuver, with *Admiral Vinogradov* forced to change course in order to avoid a collision. The Russian military also claimed to have sent a protest to the US Navy. However, according to retired US Navy captain Carl Schuster, the Russian ship's wake shows that it "didn't adhere to either the rules of the road or the incidents at sea agreement." United States 7th Fleet spokesman Commander Clayton Doss said the Russian destroyer came within 50 to 100 feet (15 to 30 m) of USS *Chancellorsville*, "putting the safety of her crew and ship at risk." As of 2020, *Admiral Vinogradov* entered refit to upgrade to the standard of her sister ship, *Marshal Shaposhnikov*. She is expected to return to service in 2024–2025.
ORP General Tadeusz Kosciuszko

## ORP General T. Kosciuszko

In dock

**ORP *Generał Tadeusz Kościuszko***, formerly USS *Wadsworth* (FFG-9), is one of two *Oliver Hazard Perry*-class guided-missile frigates in the Polish Navy. She is named for Tadeusz Kościuszko, an American Revolutionary War hero and hero of Poland's struggle for independence. *Generał Tadeusz Kościuszko* is homeported in Gdynia Oksywie, and has participated in numerous NATO exercises in the Baltic Sea.
Essex-class Carrier

## Essex-class

USS Franklin

The ***Essex* class** was a class of aircraft carriers of the United States Navy. The 20th century's most numerous class of capital ship, the class consisted of 24 vessels, which came in "short-hull" and "long-hull" versions. Thirty-two ships were ordered, but as World War II wound down, six were cancelled before construction, and two were cancelled after construction had begun. Fourteen saw combat during World War II. None were lost to enemy action, though several sustained crippling damage. *Essex*-class carriers were the backbone of the U.S. Navy from mid-1943 and, with the three *Midway*-class carriers added just after the war, continued to be the heart of U.S. naval strength until supercarriers joined the fleet in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. Several of the carriers were rebuilt to handle heavier and faster aircraft of the early jet age, and some served until well after the Vietnam War.

### Armament

* 12 × 5-inch (127 mm) /38 caliber guns
* 32 to 72 × 40mm Bofors guns
* 55 to 76 × 20mm Oerlikon cannon

### Ships in Class

* USS Essex
* USS Yorktown
* USS Intrepid
* USS Hornet
* USS Franklin
* USS Ticonderoga
* USS Randolph
* USS Lexington
* USS Bunker Hill
* USS Wasp
* USS Hancock
* USS Bennington
* USS Boxer
* USS Bon Homme Richard
* USS Leyte
* USS Kearsarge
* USS Oriskany
* USS Antietam
* USS Princeton
* USS Shangri-La
* USS Lake Champlain
* USS Tarawa
* USS Valley Forge
* USS Philippine Sea
Carrier Strike Group 8

CSG-8 emblem

**Commander, Carrier Strike Group 8**, abbreviated as **CCSG-8** or **COMCARSTRKGRU 8**, is one of five U.S. Navy carrier strike groups currently assigned to the United States Fleet Forces Command. As of 2018 the group flagship is the *Nimitz*-class aircraft carrier USS *Harry S. Truman* (CVN-75). As of 2021, the other units of the group are the guided-missile cruiser USS *San Jacinto* (CG-56), Carrier Air Wing One, the ships of Destroyer Squadron 28 as well as the Royal Norwegian Navy's frigate HNoMS *Fridtjof Nansen* (F310), which joined the strike group for one deployment.

The group was placed under NATO command as a result of the buildup of Russian forces on the Ukrainian border prior to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
A-6 Intruder

## KA/A-6 Intruder

a KA-6 Intruder

The **Grumman A-6 Intruder** is an American twinjet all-weather attack aircraft developed and manufactured by American aircraft company Grumman Aerospace and formerly operated by the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps.

It was designed in response to a 1957 requirement issued by the Bureau of Aeronautics for an all-weather attack aircraft for Navy long-range interdiction missions and with short takeoff and landing (STOL) capability for Marine close air support. It was to replace the piston-engined Douglas A-1 Skyraider. The requirement allowed one or two engines, either turbojet or turboprop. The winning proposal from Grumman used two Pratt & Whitney J52 turbojet engines. The Intruder was the first Navy aircraft with an integrated airframe and weapons system. Operated by a crew of two in a side-by-side seating configuration, the workload was divided between the pilot and weapons officer (bombardier/navigator (BN)). In addition to conventional munitions, it could also carry nuclear weapons, which would be delivered using toss bombing techniques. On 19 April 1960, the first prototype made its maiden flight.

The A-6 was in service with the United States Navy and Marine Corps between 1963 and 1997, during which time multiple variants were prototyped and produced. Two of the more successful variants developed were the EA-6B Prowler, a specialized electronic warfare derivative, and the KA-6D tanker version. It was deployed during various overseas conflicts, including the Vietnam War and the Gulf War. The A-6 was intended to be superseded by the McDonnell Douglas A-12 Avenger II, but this program was ultimately canceled due to cost overruns. Thus, when the A-6E was scheduled for retirement, its precision strike mission was initially taken over by the Grumman F-14 Tomcat equipped with a LANTIRN pod.
HMNZS Wellington (P55)

not to be confused with HMNZS Wellington (F69)

HMNZS Wellington

**HMNZS *Wellington* (P55)** is a Protector-class offshore patrol vessel in the Royal New Zealand Navy.

### Career

The ship was built by Tenix as part of the New Zealand government's Royal New Zealand Navy plans and was originally expected to enter service during the winter of 2008. However, in late 2008, it became known that the vessel was considered "non-compliant", and did not fulfill a number of specifications, such as being 100 tons over its design weight, resulting in revisions to its operating conditions during Antarctic duties. The future crew that was already stationed with the vessel was sent back to New Zealand after the ship returned to Melbourne, until the dispute with the contractor was resolved.

*Wellington* was accepted into the Royal New Zealand Navy on 6 May 2010 and arrived at the Devonport Naval Base the following month. The ship was also involved in the search for the crewmembers of the 47-foot (14 m) yacht *Berserk* in 2012 but had to turn back due to the weather which the captain called the worst storm he had ever seen in 19 years. During that mission the ship lost three 50-person life rafts of which one was discovered by the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society vessel MY *Steve Irwin*.

On 14 January 2015 *Wellington* intercepted three fishing vessels, *Songhua* *Kunlun* and *YongDing*, which were allegedly fishing illegally in Antarctic waters. The fishing vessels refused to be boarded and poor weather and sea conditions prevented *Wellington* from forcing the issue.

*Wellington* was involved in seabed surveys off Kaikōura after the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake.

The ship is named in honor of HMNZS *Wellington* (F69), a *Leander*-class frigate serving in the Royal New Zealand Navy from 1982 until 1999.

On 19 July 2021 HMNZS *Wellington* delivered 120 vials of the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine to Tokelau's Nukunonu atoll, which is sufficient to vaccinate 720 people.

In response to the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai eruption and tsunami, *Wellington* and HMNZS Aotearoa were deployed to provide water supplies, survey teams, and helicopter support.
KDB Syafaat

## KDB Syafaat (19)

KDB Syafaat

**KDB *Syafaat* (19)** is the third ship of the Ijtihad-class patrol boats. The vessel is in active service in the Royal Brunei Navy (RBN).

### Career

KDB *Syafaat* was built by Lürssen Werft company in Germany around the 2009. She is part of the second batch delivered from Germany to Brunei. *Syafaat* and KDB Afiat commissioned together on 27 August 2010 at Muara Naval Base. All four of her sister ships work in the patrol craft role.

KDB *Syafaat* is commanded by Commander Mohammad Zouhdy bin Haji Abdul Razak.

The Royal Brunei Navy and Republic of Singapore Navy held *Ex PELICAN* from 10 to 13 July 2011 which consists of KDB *Syafaat*, KDB Ijtihad and RSS Stalwart.

KDB *Syafaat*, KDB Afiat, KRI Barakuda and KRI Lemadang participated in the HELANG LAUT exercise which is held by the Royal Brunei Navy and Royal Malaysian Navy from 19 to 23 March 2012.

*Exercise PENGUIN* was held by Royal Brunei Navy and Royal Australian Navy. The exercise consists of ships HMAS Armidale, KDB *Syafaat* and KDB Daruttaqwa.

An exercise was held on 21 to 28 January 2016 by the Royal Brunei Navy which consists of KDB Syafaat and KDB Darulehsan.

KDB *Syafaat*, KDB Darulaman, USNS Millinocket and USS Montgomery conducted *Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training* (CARAT) to strengthen the relations between Brunei Darussalam and The United States of America. It took place in the South China Sea on 29 October 2019.
OTO Melara

### Users

Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, UAE, Lebanon, Vietnam, Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Georgia, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Ukraine, Australia (ret.), Canada (ret.) Mexico, USA, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela

### Designer

OTO

The **OTO Melara 76 mm** gun is a naval autocannon built and designed by the Italian defence company OTO Melara. It is based on the OTO Melara 76/62C and evolved toward 76/62 SR and 76/62 Strales.

The system is compact enough to be installed on relatively small warships. Its high rate of fire and the availability of several types of ammunition make it capable of short-range anti-missile point defence, anti-aircraft, anti-surface, and ground support. Ammunition includes armour-piercing, incendiary, directed fragmentation effects, and a guided round marketed as capable of destroying maneuvering anti-ship missiles. It can be installed in a stealth cupola.

The OTO Melara 76 mm has been widely exported, and is in use by sixty navies. It was favored over the French 100mm naval gun for the joint French/Italian Horizon-class Frigate project and FREMM Frigate.

On 27 September 2006 Iran announced it had started mass production of the Fajr-27, which is a reverse-engineered copy of the OTO Melara 76 mm Compact gun.
IJN Kawakaze (1936)

Not to be confused with the other IJN Kawakaze

## IJN Kawakaze

IJN Kawakaze

IJN Kawakaze was a Shiratsuyu-class destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy.

### Career

In 1941, IJN Kawakaze took part in the invasion of the Philippines and in 1942 was present at the attacks on Indonesia and Malaysia. She assisted in the destruction of USS Pope, HMS Exeter, and HMS Encounter.

She escorted IJN Chitose to Truk in 1942. She sank USS Blue on August 21, 1942 off Guadalcanal. She took part in 10 transport missions to Guadalcanal. During the Battle of Tassafaronga one of her torpedoes hit USS Pensacola.

She continued her transport missions to islands around Guadalcanal in 1943, and sunk PT-37 in February. She collided with a cargo ship and was towed to safety by IJN Kuroshio. After repairs, she transported troops to Nauru, Kwajalein, and Tuvalu. In the Battle of Vella Gulf she was sunk by fire from USS Dunlap, USS Craven, and USS Maury.
JS Ashigara

## JS Ashigara (DDG-178)

JS Ashigara

JS Ashigara (DDG-178) is an Atago-class guided missile destroyer of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force.

### Career

The Ashigara participated in the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami relief.

JS Ashigara and JS Samidare participated in a blockade on North Korea as a part of Carrier Strike Group 1 in 2017.

JS Ashigara and JS Ise participated in RIMPAC 2020.
RFS Admiral Essen

RFS Admiral Essen

RFS Admiral Essen is an Admiral Grigorovich-class Frigate of the Russian Navy.

### Career

In 2017, Admiral Essen fired Kalibr missiles into Syria as a part of Russia's campaigns. In 2018, the Black Sea Fleet reported Admiral Essen and Admiral Grigorovich were headed to the Mediterranean to join Russia's Mediterranean Task Force.

In the Russian Invasion of Ukraine, Admiral Essen was supposedly hit by a R-360 Neptune cruise missile. Later, a video was released of Admiral Essen shooting down a Ukrainian drone. Admiral Essen and RFS Admiral Makarov were transferred to Novorossiysk, Krasnodar Krai.
HMAS Darwin

## HMAS Darwin (FFG 04)

HMAS Darwin

HMAS Darwin (FFG 04) is an Adelaide-class frigate of the Royal Australian Navy.

From February 14 to 18, 2001, she was in Mumbai for International Fleet Review. Later that year, she was deployed to the Solomon Islands.

From 2007 to 2008, HMAS Darwin underwent a major upgrade and refit. In March 2009, she participated in the RAN Fleet Review.

HMAS Darwin had obtained 3 battle honours by then, including East Timor 1999, Persian Gulf 2003, and Iraq 2003.

In October 2013, HMAS Darwin participated in International Fleet Review.

April 2014 saw her join Combined Task Force 150.

HMAS Darwin attended 2016 International Fleet Review. In March of that year, she intercepted a stateless fishing vessel loaded with ammunition and weapons for Houthi rebels.

HMAS Darwin was decommissioned at Garden Island in 2017.