日光采集介绍

**以下初稿来自照明121-13 金玉玲**

COURSE DESCRIPTION

Welcome to Part 1 of EE201: Daylight harvesting course, Introduction to Daylight Harvesting. Part 1 introduces participants to daylight harvesting, including typical energy savings, typical equipment, ideal applications and how daylight harvesting relates to LEED and energy codes.
Daylighting, the use of daylight as a primary source of general illumination in a space, has become a more important feature of mainstream construction due to the sustainable design movement. Numerous studies over the last 50 years attest to the importance of daylight in design. Research indicates that daylight can improve user satisfaction/performance and retail sales. These characteristics can make daylighted buildings more valuable and marketable.
Daylighting also enables daylight harvesting, a control strategy that has been demonstrated to generate up to 70 percent lighting energy savings. A daylight harvesting system decreases electric light contribution as daylight contribution increases.
EE201: Daylight Harvesting describes a simple process for design and application of lighting controls used to enact energy-saving daylight harvesting control strategies.

课程描述
欢迎来到EE201的第1部分：日光采集课程，介绍日光采集。第1部分介绍日光采集，包括典型的能源节约，典型的设备，理想的应用和日光采集如何涉及LEED和能源守则。
日光在一定空间内作为一般照明光源的主要来源，称为采光，由于可持续设计活动已经成为主流建筑的一个更重要的特点。在过去的50年里，大量的研究证明了采光设计的重要性。研究表明，日光能提高用户的满意度/绩效和零售销售。这些特点，可以使自然采光的建筑物更有价值和市场。
采光也使日光采集，控制策略已被证明形成70%的照明节能。日光采集系统减少电灯的贡献同时增加日光的贡献。
EE201：日光采集描述照明控制设计和应用一个简单的过程，用来制定节能日光采集控制。

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the course, participants will be able to:
• define the purpose and benefits of daylight harvesting, a lighting control strategy that reduces electric lighting in response to high daylight levels, saving energy. At the end of the course, participants will be able to conceptualize a daylight harvesting strategy.
• recognize the elements of a basic daylight harvesting control system, and match daylight harvesting strategies to ideal applications.
• utilize daylight harvesting conceptually as part of LEED-based design and energy code compliance.
• articulate the importance of transparency of automatic control effects, resulting in proper selection of switching or dimming as the system output.
学习目标
在课程结束后，学员将能够：
•定义日光采集的目的和益处，照明控制策略，减少在高光水平的电力照明，节能。在课程结束后，学员将能够把日光采集策略概念化。
•认识基本日光采集控制系统的原理，把日光采集策略和理想的应用搭配起来。
•利用日光采集概念作为LEED的一部分，LEED基于设计和能源法规。
•阐述自动控制影响透明度的重要性，做出适当选择致使调光或开关作为系统输出。

DAYLIGHT
Daylight may enter a building via toplighting (e.g., skylight) or sidelighting (e.g., window) apertures. Good daylight design enables diffuse daylight to serve as a primary source of general illumination, while avoiding glare and heat gain.

日光
日光可以通过顶光进入建筑物（例如，天窗）或侧面光（例如，窗口）孔。良好的采光设计使漫射日光作为一般照明的主要来源，同时避免眩光和热增益。
DAYLIGHT VERSUS SUNLIGHT
While daylight is highly desirable in a building as a source of illumination, direct sunlight generally should not be allowed anywhere in the building except circulation areas (e.g., corridors, atria, etc.). This means daylight itself should be controlled.
Various types of glass, daylighting features such as light shelves, and/or shading can be used to diffuse the light as broadly and uniformly as possible throughout the space.

白光与阳光
虽然日光作为建筑内的光源是非常可取的，但一般不允许阳光直接射入任何建筑内部，除流通区域（例如，走廊，中庭，等）。这意味着应控制日光本身。
各种类型的玻璃，采光的代表产品如灯架，以及/或阴影可以用来广泛且尽量均匀地将光漫射在整个空间。

DAYLIGHT CONTROL
Automatic window shades, blinds or other devices can dynamically reduce direct glare and heat gain. Using the same control station, users can override automatic control functions and set both daylight and electric light levels to preference.

日光控制
自动窗帘，百叶窗或其他设备可以不断降低直接眩光和热增益。使用相同的控制站，用户可以无视自动控制功能去设置日光和灯光水平的优先级。

DESIGNING FOR DAYLIGHTING
Daylight should be provided where people need it most. Since daylight often does not enter the space uniformly, however, visualize it as gradients in a pattern, with each gradient representing an area of consistent daylight availability.
Each of these areas in turn presents an opportunity to separately zone the general lighting for daylight harvesting.
This may require designing lighting circuits to support separate control of general lighting, such as separately circuiting the first one or two rows of light fixtures parallel to daylighting windows.

采光设计
在人们最需要的地方应提供日光。因为日光经常不均匀地照射入空间，然而，把它想象成一个梯度模式，每个梯度代表相同有效的采光面积。
每个这样的面积为日光收获提供了分区照明的机会。
这要求设计的照明电路能够支持一般照明的独立控制，如分别连接一或两排灯具为回路与采光窗平行。

DAYLIGHT HARVESTING
Daylight harvesting is a control strategy used to convert daylight into an energy-saving opportunity. Daylight harvesting occurs when a photosensor measures incoming daylight or ambient illumination and then signals a controller to adjust light output to turn OFF or dim to maintain a desired task light level.

日光采集
日光采集是利用日光来达到节能目的的控制策略。
日光采集时光敏电阻测量入射光或周围环境光照度，然后信号控制器来调整出射光的关闭或调光以保持任务要求的亮度等级。
DAYLIGHT HARVESTING
Energy savings occur by automatically switching the lights OFF or proportionally reducing electric light levels continuously (dimming) in response to variable daylight levels.

日光采集
为响应多变的日光亮度，自动开关来关灯或按比例不断减少电灯亮度（调光）可以节约能源。

DAYLIGHT AVAILABILITY
The energy savings potential for daylight harvesting in a given application will depend largely on daylight availability, including:
1) daylight penetration into the space--in other words, how much of the task area receives daylight;
2) quantity of daylight in the space--in other words, what is the density of illumination on the task area in footcandles; and
3) duration of daylight availability during the day--that is, for how long each day the task area receives high, consistent enough daylight levels to warrant daylight harvesting control.
日光的实用性
日光采集的节能潜力，在很大程度上取决于日光的实用性，包括：
1）日光渗透到空间——换句话说，多少任务区域接收日光；
2）日光在空间的总量——换句话说，在烛光照明的任务区域的照度是多少；
3）白天有效日光的持续时间——也就是说，日光采集控制能够保证任务区域每天接收高、均匀充足的日光亮度的时间有多长。

TYPICAL SYSTEM
Automatic daylight harvesting control systems are comprised of a photosensor that measures light levels and shares this information with a controller, which decides, using its algorithm, whether the lighting load should be switched or dimmed. In some cases, the ballast and the controller may be the same unit.
典型控制系统
自动日光采集控制系统是由一个光电传感器、能够测量光的水平和共享信息的控制器组成，它可以利用算法，决定照明负载是使用开关或是调光。在某些情况下，镇流器和控制器可以是同一装置。

TRANSPARENCY IS ESSENTIAL
Effective daylight harvesting should be transparent to occupants in the controlled space. It should offer energy savings with no adverse effects to visual comfort. Lights should change levels without distracting occupants. Dimming is typically preferred by occupants, particularly in spaces where users perform stationary, critical tasks and/or where lamps are visible in the normal field of view, because it is not as noticeable as switching. In addition, dimming may occur gradually over a period of several minutes to virtually make the change in light level unnoticeable.

透明度是基本的
有效日光采集在控制的空间内应该是透明的对于居住者来说。它应该在不影响视觉舒适度的情况下节约能源。在改变灯光水平的情况下应不打扰居住者。居住者的首选是调光，尤其是在用户执行固定的空间，关键任务或从正常场地可见的灯，因为它作为开光来说不是显而易见的。此外，调光会在一段时间内隔几分钟发生不明显的发光水平的改变。
IDEAL APPLICATIONS
Daylight harvesting controls can be effective in virtually any type of facility where the lights operate much of the time and where ample daylight is present.
Spaces with skylights and corridors, private offices and open cubicles near windows—particularly those with task lighting—are good candidates for daylight harvesting.
理想应用
日光感应控制在任何设备上比如大部分时间的灯光操的和充足的光线的设备是有效的。
有天窗和走廊空间的场合，尤其是任务照明的情况下，对日光采集来说是个好的候选对象。例如，私人办公室和靠近窗户的开放式隔间。
IDEAL APPLICATIONS
If the entire space is uniformly skylighted (as in the skylighted space shown here, with properly spaced skylights covering about 3-5 percent of the floor area), energy savings can accrue on the entire lighting load. More commonly, daylight harvesting applies only to the perimeter zone of a windowed installation, where typically general lighting within two window heights (distance from floor to top of window) deep into the space is suitable for daylight harvesting.

理想应用
如果整个空间均为露天的（如露天空间在这里显示是为覆盖地面面积的3-5 %），在全面照明负荷方面可以节约能源。一般来说，日光采集只适用于在一个窗口安装的周边区，典型的一般照明适合的日光采集的地方是在两个窗口间的高度（从地面到顶部的窗户的距离）。

ENERGY SAVINGS

The amount of energy cost savings a daylight harvesting control system can yield is variable, dependent on a number of factors such as daylight availability, but research suggests significant savings in common commercial applications.

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节约能源

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日光采集控制系统节约的能源成本是可变的，它取决于许多因素，如日光的可用性，但研究表明在一般商业应用上节能最有效。

Space Type
空间类型 Lighting Energy Savings Demonstrated in Research or Estimated as Potential
照明节能表现在研究或作为潜能估计 Study Reference
学习参考
Private Office (manual blinds)
私人办公室（手动百叶窗） 50% National Research Council Canada, 2002
加拿大国家研究委员会，2002
Private Office (manual blinds used optimally, or automatic shading)
私人办公室（手动百叶窗使用最佳，或自动遮阳） 70%
Open Office
开放式办公室 40%
Classroom
教室 50% Heschong Mahone Group, 2003
Heschong马宏组，2003
DAYLIGHT HARVESTING AND LEED
The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) 2009 green building rating system encourages daylight and daylight harvesting. IEQ, Credit 8.1 awards 1 LEED point for introducing at least 25 footcandles of daylight into at least 75% of regularly occupied building areas, while IEQ, Credit 8.2 awards 1 point for providing a direct line of sight to perimeter glazing in at least 90% of regularly occupied spaces.
Daylight harvesting controls can then be used to earn energy points and/or, if registering under LEED for Commercial Interiors, 2 LEED points by introducing daylight harvesting controls in all regularly occupied daylighted areas (for 1 point) and/or on 50% of the lighting load (for an additional 1 point). All daylight harvesting controls must be commissioned (prerequisite), with enhanced commissioning worth 2 LEED points.
日光采集和LEED
2009年，能源与环境设计（LEED）绿色建筑评级系统的领导阶层鼓励日光和日光采集。在室内环境品质上，为了引入最少25烛光照亮至少75%有规则的建筑区域，可以奖赏1个能量值，而当在有规则的空间内向周边玻璃提供了至少90%的直射光线，可以奖励一个能量值。
日光采集控制可用于获得能量值，或在LEED商业室内设计中可以获得2个节能分值，其中一分是在有规则的自然采光地区引入日光采集控制系统，另一分是节约50%的能量。所有的日光采集控制必须调试（先决条件），并且增强调试去运转也有2分的价值。

DAYLIGHT HARVESTING AND ENERGY CODES
Because of the strong energy savings potential offered by daylight harvesting, coupled with advancing technology, codes and standards are now beginning to require daylight harvesting—specifically, International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) 2009, ASHRAE/IES 90.1-2010, ASHRAE 189.1 and Title 24-2008.

日光采集和能源准则
由于大量的的节约能源的潜力由日光采集提供，再加上现在的先进技术、准则和标准，开始需要日光采集-尤其是International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) 2009, ASHRAE/IES 90.1-2010, ASHRAE 189.1 and Title 24-2008.
DAYLIGHT HARVESTING AND ENERGY CODES
All of these codes and standards are different in the particulars, and yet have similar major themes. First, they define daylight availability as zones around daylight apertures. Second, they require separate control for general lighting in these zones.
日光采集和能源守则
所有的这些准则和标准的细节不同，但有相似的主题。首先，他们在日光采孔区域附近定义日光可用性。其次，他们需要单独控制这些区域的一般照明。

DAYLIGHT HARVESTING AND ENERGY CODES
The standard may also specify whether the control must be manual or automatic, switching or dimming, stepped switching or simple ON/OFF. And the standard may reward aggressive daylight harvesting with power adjustment credits that can be used to increase the lighting power density (expressed in watts/square foot) for the controlled load above what is normally allowed by code, offering greater design flexibility.

日光采集和能源守则
标准也可以指定控件是否必须手动或自动，开关或调光，步进或简单的开/关。并且标准可能会支持可以用来增加照明功率密度（瓦/平方英尺表示）带有功率调整学分的日光采集，为控制以上负荷提供更大的设计灵活性通常是允许的。