recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
LoveJo2

**LoveJo2** (stylized as #LoveJo2) is JoJo's third extended play (EP) that was released on December 18, 2015 as a follow-up to her 2014 EP "LoveJo."

It was released in honor of her 25th birthday and as a lead up to her third studio album.

## Background

The song "Thinkin Out Loud" was originally released as an interlude on JoJo's second mixtape "Agápē". JoJo originally stated that insecurity about her vocal performance caused her to not release the song in full.

The EP's second track is a cover of Soul II Soul's 1989 single "Back to Life (However Do You Want Me)".

The song "Right On Time" samples Donna Lewis's 1996 song "I Love You Always Forever." JoJo has since removed "Right On Time" along with a 'Tour Video' of the song due to Donna Lewis threatening legal action.

## Tracklisting

1. Right On Time (3:56) (written by Gino Barletta and Donna Lewis; produced by Noisecastle III)
2. Back2Life (3:10) (written by Jazzie B, Caron Wheeler, Nellee Hooper and Simon Law; produced by Soraya LaPread)
3. When Love Hurts (Real Love Remix) (4:38) (written by Benjamin Levin, Jason Evigan, Ryn Weaver, Ammar Malik and Daniel Omeliom; produced by Jordan XL and Devin Cruise)
4. Thinkin' Out Loud (3:31) (written by JoJo Levesque, Austin Brown and Scott Bruzenak; produced by Austin Brown)
Sexy To Me

**Sexy To Me** is a promotional single released by JoJo that was supposed to be on her third album.

The song was written by JoJo, James Washington, Marcella Araica and Nathaniel "Danja" Hills (who also produced the song).

## Song Background

In an interview with Idolator, JoJo described something about the lyrical references to Michael Jackson, stating:

"*I had posters of him in my room. He’s incredible. I used to watch his tour DVDs. I think Dangerous was my favorite album of his at the time, and I loved his HiStory double-CD. I was fascinated by him. I mean, for an artist to say that they weren’t inspired by Michael Jackson — what’s wrong with you? He set the precedent.*" She describes the song as "*It's just a sassy record that's empowering and there's this confidence to it.*"

The song is currently beingused for the PerfectaWash campaign for Clearasil as JoJo is the spokesperson.

## Song Composition

The song has been described as a club track with a heavy bass and "*squealing, dissonant synths.*"

It plays over a grinding beat and the lyrics feature themes of self-empowerment and female autonomy (as shown in the lyrics: "*I don't need nobody cause I'm sexy to me, you keep doing you tonight, cause I'm doing me.*")

Nearly the last forty seconds, the song ends with a wash of synths.

## Critical Reception

Sam Lansky of MTV Buzzworthy praised "Sexy to Me" for its production and lyrics, describing it as a "*major banger.*"

Robbie Daw of Idolator writes "*Sexy To Me is a throbbing jam that lives up to its title, but for us the true sexiness arrives with the wash of synths during the last 40 seconds or so."*

Writers at RapUp.com praised the song as a "*confident club-ready cut,*" writing: "*JoJo gets her swagger back on the Danja-produced "Sexy to Me.*"

Sabrina Quizon of RyanSeacrest.com wrote that "*this new club track will make you want to get up out of your seats and drop a few moves!*"
III

**III** (pronounced "Tringle") is JoJo's triple single extended play (EP) that was released on August 21, 2015.

The "tringle" consists of three new songs: "When Love Hurts," "Save My Soul" and "Say Love" which premiered on JoJo's official soundcloud page on August 20, 2015.

## Tracklisting

1. When Love Hurts (3:35) (written by Benjamin Levin, Jason Evigan, Ryn Weaver, Ammar Malik and Daniel Omelio; produced by Benny Blanco and Jason Evigan)
2. Save My Soul (3:44) (written by Nikki Flores, Anton Malmerg, Hård af Segerstad, Joy Deb and Linnea Deb; produced by The Family)
3. Say Love (3:38) (written by Harmony Samuels, Wayne Hector and Chloe Angelides; produced by Harmony Samuels)
4. The Story of III (Spotify extra commentary) (3:21)

## Promotion

Prior to the EP's release, JoJo performed "When Love Hurts" and "Say Love" for the first time live at iHeartMedia on August 6, 2015 and has scheduled intimate performances attended by her fans before the official release of the tringle.

JoJo has since been performing at several clubs and has attended many interviews with Teen Vogue, Jezebel, MTV, VH1, Time and Billboard, among others.

## Reception

"III" has received positive reviews from music critics so far.

SoSo Gay said that it was "*A typically A-grade set of material from one of this generation’s most talented singers and songwriters. III is a highly accomplished set of songs that bode well for the inevitable new studio album*."
Superstition

**Superstition** is a song originally sung by Stevie Wonder. JoJo covered the song for her demo album "Joanna Levesque."

## Lyrics

<poem>
There is superstitious
Writings on the wall
There is superstitious
Ladder's 'bout to fall

Thirteen month old baby
Broke the looking glass
Seven years of bad luck
All the good things in your past

When you believe in things
That you don't understand
Then you suffer
Superstition ain't the way

Very superstitious
Wash your face and hands
Rid me of the problems
Do all that you can

Keep me in a daydream
Keep me going strong
You don't want to save me
Sad is my song

When you believe in things
That you don't understand
Then you suffer
Superstition ain't the way
It just ain't the way

Very superstitious
Ain't nothing more to say
Very superstitious
Devil's on his way

Thirteen month old baby
Broke the looking glass
Seven years of bad luck
The good things in your past

When you believe in things
That you don't understand
Then you suffer
Superstition ain't the way

Very superstitious
Very superstitious
Very superstitious
Very superstitious
Very superstitious
Very superstitious
Very superstitious
<poem>
Shakey Ground

**Shakey Ground** is a song originally sung by The Temptations. JoJo covered the song for her demo album "Joanna Levesque."

## Lyrics

<poem>
Lady luck and four leaf clovers
They don't ease this hurt I feel all over
My life is one special occasion
To relieve the dent in a situation

Standing on a shaky ground
Ever since you put me down
I'm standing on a shaky ground
Ever since you put me down

My car got repossessed this morning
Hard times
I haven't seen in years
Boy, you better throw me a life preserver
I'm about to drown in my own tears

Standing on a shaky ground
Ever since you put me down
I'm standing on a shaky ground
Ever since you put me down

Hey, now now
Standing on a shakey ground
Ever since you put me down
Standing on a shakey ground
Ever since you put me down

Standing on a shaky ground
Ever since you gon' and put me down
Now I'm on a shaky ground, shaky ground
<poem>
It Ain't Always What You Do

**It Ain't Always What You Do** is a song originally sung by Etta James. JoJo covered the song for her demo album "Joanna Levesque."

## Lyrics

<poem>
Very timid when you know it's all wrong
You don't want it to be long
I tell you the best way
To keep it out of the wind

Trust in no one
Not even your closest friend
But if your teeth will bite your tongue
Can't you see where it's coming from?
When you do your thing
Don't let other people peep in your hand

It ain't always what you do
It's who you let see you do it
It ain't always what you do
It's who you let see you do it

All my life I've been taught
That you ain't wrong until you get caught
There's an old saying
And I believe that it's true

You shouldn't let your right hand now
What your left hand is going to do
But if your teeth will bite your tongue

Can't you see where it's coming from?
When you do your thing
Don't let other people peep your hand

It ain't always what you do
It's who you let see you do it
It ain't always what you do
It's who you let see you do it

Ain't that right
Ain't that right?
Ain't that right
Ain't that right?
But if your teeth will bite your tongue

Can't you see where it's coming from?
When you do your thing
Don't let other people peep your hand
Peep your hand

It ain't always what you do
It's who you let see you do it
It ain't always what you do
It's who you let see you do it

Ain't that right
Ain't that right?
Ain't that right?
Ain't that right?

Ain't that right?
Ain't that right?
Ain't that right?
Ain't that right?
<poem>
Seesaw

**Seesaw** is a song originally sung by the Moonglows. JoJo covered the song for her 2001 demo album "Joanna Levesque."

## Lyrics

<poem>
(originally by The Moonglows)

Sometimes you love me
Like a good boy oughta
Sometimes you hurt me so bad
My tears running like water

You get me out
Right before your friends
Then you disown me, baby
Until we're alone again

Your love is like a seesaw
Your love is like a seesaw, baby
Your love is like a seesaw
Going up (up)
And down (down) all around
It's like a seesaw, baby

Sometimes you tell me you love me
You're my sweet candy man
And then sometimes, baby
I don't know where I stand

You lift me up
When I'm on the ground
But then as soon as I get up, child
You send me tumbling down

Now, your love is like a seesaw
Your love is like a seesaw, baby
Your love is like a seesaw
Going up (up)
Down (down) all around
Just like a seesaw, baby

When I kiss you and I like it
And I ask you to kiss me again
When I reach for you
You start to run out of sight
And you take that away from me
That ain't right, that just ain't right

Now, your love is like a seesaw
Your love is like a seesaw, baby
Your love is like a seesaw
Going up (up
Down (down) all around
Just like a seesaw, baby

Your love is like a seesaw
Your love
Your love is like a seesaw
It just ain't right
Your love is like
Like a seesaw
<poem>
Pieces

* Alice

* + ​Ravenclaw 6th Year
	+ idk what she'll do yet
	+ Tiffany, SNSD
* Baekhyun

* + ​Hufflepuff Alumni
	+ Photographer
	+ Taemin, SHINee

* Engel

* + ​EESM Alumni
	+ Department of Magical Transportation (awww sweet baby I know you wanted Minister of Magic but you had to be stuck with this ;-;)
	+ Mats Hummels
* Evan

* + ​Kian's twin
	+ Ravenclaw 6th Year
	+ D.O, EXO

* Seunghyun
* Yao
Mad Love

**Mad Love (stylized as Mad Love.)** is JoJo's third studio album that is scheduled to be released on October 14, 2016 through Atlantic Records.

The album will be JoJo's first studio album in 10 years (since The High Road) and her debut album with Atlantic Records after signing with the label in 2014.

## Album Background

The album was preceded by the "tringle" release III (which consisted of three A-side singles; "When Love Hurts", "Save My Soul" and "Say Love") which was released on iTunes on August 21, 2015.

On July 27, 2016, JoJo released a one-minute video to her YouTube channel titled "Mad Love. 10.14.16" previewing a new song "Music" and announcing the album title and release date.

On September 7, 2016, the album cover was revealed via JoJo's social media accounts and announced the album would be available for pre-order on September 16, 2016.

From September 9 to September 15, 2016, she uploaded a cappella snippet videos on her Instagram account revealing the track listing of the album.

## Tracklisting

1. Music (3:35)
2. I Can Only (featuring Alessia Cara)
3. Fuck Apologies (featuring Wiz Khalifa) (3:15)
4. FAB (featuring Remy Ma) (3:35)
5. Mad Love (4:04)
6. Vibe
7. Honest
8. Like This
9. Edibles
10. High Heels
11. I Am

**Deluxe Edition Tracks**

1. Clovers
2. Reckless
3. Good Thing
4. Rise Up
Homeboy

**Homeboy** is a track from JoJo's debut album.

## Lyrics

<poem>
[Verse 1:]
My homie since knee high
We came up on the south side
Where you had to beat the street lights home

We got into some street fights
But the next day
We be right back get it all

Wherever there was me
There was you
And we were like crew
Straight to junior high school
Then you messed it all up
Started pushing up
Kissed me on the cheek
And I fell in love

Shorty's a little taller now
Into big things, he's a baller now
His heart never changed
I can see he's still down
I can't forget him (No no no no)

More than his voice is changing now
All that I see is rearranging now (Now)
It just ain't the same
Catching feelings now
I should tell him (Yea)

[Chorus:]
Ooooh
When the the boy next door
(Next door)
Don't want to be my homeboy no more
Saw something that he never saw before
I think he wants to be my baby, baby

Been thinking 'bout him all my life
(My life)
Now I see him in a whole new light
Something about it feels so right
(That's why)
I think he wants to be my baby, baby

[Verse 2:]
Every night when we get home
Undercovers talking on the phone
Here comes my mother
It's way too late
Might get in trouble
My heart can't wait
(So much to say)

Writing till my hand cramps up
Four pages saying I'm in love
(I got a crush)
Can't get you off my mind
(Can you pick me up, baby?)
I'm sure I'll be fine
When I look into your eyes

Shorty's a little taller now
Into big things
He's a baller now
His heart never changed
I can see he's still down

I can't forget him
More than his voice is changing now
All that I see is rearranging now

It just ain't the same
Catching feelings now
I should tell him
(Gotta tell him that I love him)

[Repeat Chorus]

[Bridge:]
Chocolate covered candy kisses
They keep me reminiscing
All I want is what your giving
Nothing like your affection

So in love and you're the reason
There's no more lonely season
Lately, boy
You drive me crazy
Think I wanna be your baby

[Repeat Chorus]

Oh-we-oh
Oh oh oh
(Don't wanna be my homeboy no more)

Oh-we-oh-we-oh-we-oh
Oh oh oh
Oh-we-oh-we-oh-we-oh
Oh oh oh

Oh-we-oh-we-oh-we-oh
(Why why why why why)
Now homeboy wants to be my baby
Be my baby, be my baby

Oh-we-oh
Oh oh oh
(He don't wanna be my homeboy no more)
Oh-we-oh-we-oh-we-oh

Oh oh oh
Oh-we-oh-we-oh-we-oh
(No more)
Oh oh oh
Oh-we-oh-we-oh-we-oh
(Said he)

Now homeboy wants to be my baby
Be my baby, be my baby
(Wants to be my baby now, now, now now now)
<poem>
We Get By

**We Get By** is a song from JoJo's second mixtape "Agápē." It was released as a promotional single.

## Lyrics

<poem>
Laying down on my hardwood floor again
Watching all my deepest fears
Just crawling on the ceiling

These colonial bricks
And beams are just not enough to hold me
All I got is my hopes and dreams
And this cranberry slowly

I get by
I get by
I get by
I get by

I get high
I get high
But tomorrow’s goodbye
So I get by
I get by
I get by

I get by
I get by
I get by
'Cause tomorrow’s goodbye, yeah

I took the Red Line all the way to South E
When I leave this place
Will anybody really miss me
If I stay on this train all night
Can I end at the beginning
Smoking on this Cali green
To just stop the world from spinning

But I get by
I get by
I get by
I get by

I get high
I get high
Have tomorrow’s goodbye

So we get by
We get by
We get by
We get by

We get high
We get high
'Cause tomorrow’s goodbye

Sunset
My wishlist
I’ll give you that
Hollywood and the bullshit
I deal with that
That life I left
I’m not going back

I can’t work a 9 to 5
I’m getting lost just by myself
Baby, I’ll stop being someone else
I’ll take the PCH down to my Cali dream, hey

We get by
We get by
We get by
We get by

We get high
We get high
'Cause tomorrow’s goodbye
('Cause tomorrow’s goodbye)

I get by
I get by
I get by
I get by

I get high
I get high
'Cause tomorrow’s goodbye
('Cause tomorrow’s goodbye)

We get by
We get by
We get by
We get by

We get high
We get high
'Cause tomorrow’s goodbye
('Cause tomorrow’s goodbye)
<poem>
Mad Love (song)

**Mad Love** is the title song from JoJo's third album "Mad Love".

The single was released as the first promotional single on September 16, 2016 along with the pre-order of the album.

## Lyrics

<poem>
[Intro]
You know, love is just one of those things
You can't really explain
That's insane

[Verse 1]
Lay here with me in the dark
I know my edges are sharp
But sometimes the pain is what hurts you so good
When you took a knife to my heart
And cut out the rational parts
I knew that you were just misunderstood

[Hook]
Cause you give me mad love
How far can we go?
Nobody knows
You give me bad love
But I'll take what I get
I'm starvin' for it
Like I've never had love

You keep me insane
I'm not ashamed
Don't give a damn, love
I want you so bad
You give me (mad love, mad love)

[Verse 2]
Twisted like wire in your arms
A dangerous place for my heart
But you know I love getting off on the thrill
Turn me from water to wine
I'm wasted all of the time
So do it, baby
Go in for the kill

[Hook]
You give me mad love
How far can we go?
Nobody knows
You give me bad love
But I'll take what I get
I'm starvin' for it
Like I've never had love

You keep me insane
And I'm not ashamed
Don't give a damn, love
I want you so bad, love
You give me

[Hook]
You give me mad love
How far can we go?
Nobody knows
You give me bad love
But I'll take what I get
I'm starvin' for it

I've never had love
You keep me insane
And I'm not ashamed
Don't give a damn, love
I want you so bad, yeah

You made me mad love
You keep me insane
And I'm not ashamed
Don't give a damn, love
Cause I want you so
Cause I want you so

You give me mad love
How far can we go?
Nobody knows
You give me mad love
(Mad love
Mad love)
<poem>

SaveSave
Anything

**Anything** is the last single from JoJo's sophomore album "The High Road."

It was written by Beau Dozier, Mischke Bulter & Justin Trugman. It also features a sample of Toto's 1982 song "Africa" (written by David Paich & Jeff Porcaro).

## Song Promotion

"Anything" made its premiere on March 19, 2006 on "The Second JammX Kids All Star Dance Special."

During the first two weeks of May 2006, JoJo was in the United Kingdom to promote the single, performing at London's G-A-Y on May 12, 2006.

On May 8, 2006, she appeared on "GMTV" as part of a series of radio and television interviews.

## Music Video

The music video for "Anything" was expected to premiere on May 2, 2006.

JoJo's U.K. street team had launched a competition for fans to make their own video for "Anything" that would appear on the enhanced CD when the single was released.

It was announced that member "TheHighRoad" won the video mission and his music video would be placed on the official website, but fans who wanted to watch it would have to buy the CD because it "unlocks" the video.

JoJo posted on her MySpace page that an official music video was not completed and she asked Blackground Records to facilitate the production process with her and her management, but the official music video never surfaced.

## Chart Performance

"Anything" missed the Billboard Hot 100, but managed to peak at #38 on Billboard's Pop Songs chart.

In the U.K., the song peaked at #21 on the U.K. Singles chart. It was also moderately successful in Europe & Ireland.

## Critical Reception

In About.com's review of "The High Road," Bill Lamb called "Anything" a "*tasty pop confection.*"

## Remix Version

In 2013, a new remix version of "Anything" was released featuring Casey Veggies and guitarist/singer Francesco.

## Lyrics

<poem>

<poem>
Generative Anthropology

**Main Point**

Generative anthropology was founded in 1995 by Eric Gans off the ideas of René Girard. “Generative anthropology is a field of study based on the theory that the origin of human language was a singular event and that the history of human culture is a genetic or "generative" development stemming from the development of language” (Wiki 1). Generative Anthropology attempts to understand cultural phenomena in the simplest terms possible: all things human are traced back to a hypothetical single origin point at which human beings first used signs to communicate. They had to explain their actions, ideas, and try to make sense of the world they lived in. They gave each action a symbol and meaning which evolved into words or a language over time. Language was learned from the “mimetic behavior” or “imitation”. Our species was evolving therefore they had to find a way to communicate with each other to survive. We needed communication for hunting, warnings, and building. Communication is what built societies. The way humans communicated with each other was a signifier of greater intelligence of the species. Hominids have large brains which are the result of critical thinking. We were meant to speak words because of the way our bodies were created. We have the intellectual thinking and the right body parts to create words with meanings or actions with meanings. Because of the first form of communication we can figure out the origin, culture, history, and development of societies. Anthropologists rely on cultural developments like language to understand evolution. Language in different cultures show the complexity of the species.

**Key Figures**

Eric Gans

René Girard

**Key Texts**

Chronicles of Love & Resentment

Generative Anthropology

Introduction to Generative Anthropology

*The Origin of Language: A Formal Theory of Representation*. University of California Press, 1981.

*The End of Culture: Toward a Generative Anthropology*. University of California Press, 1985.

*Science and Faith: The Anthropology of Revelation*. Savage, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 1990.

*Originary Thinking: Elements of Generative Anthropology*. Stanford University Press, 1993.

*Signs of Paradox: Irony, Resentment, and Other Mimetic Structures*. Stanford University Press, 1997.

*The Scenic Imagination: Originary Thinking from Hobbes to the Present Day*. Stanford University Press 2007.

*A New Way of Thinking: Generative Anthropology in Religion, Philosophy, and Art*. Davies Group, 2011

**References**

Gans, Eric, and Peter Goldman. "Chronicles of Love & Resentment CDXLV."*Chronicles of Love & Resentment CDXLV*. N.p., 13 July 2013. Web. 09 Mar. 2015. <http://www.anthropoetics.ucla.edu/views/vw445.htm>

Gans, Eric. "A Brief Introduction to Generative Anthropology." *Introduction to Generative Anthropology*. N.p., 24 Sept. 2014. Web. 09 Mar. 2015. <http://www.anthropoetics.ucla.edu/gaintro.htm>.

"Generative Anthropology." *Wikipedia*. Wikimedia Foundation, 07 Jan. 2015. Web. 09 Mar. 2015. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative\_anthropology>.

**Images Related to Generative Anthropology**
Postmodernism

By Erin Michaels

## Main Points

Postmodernism developed in response to modernist ideas that arose during the Enlightenment, such as scientific positivism, the idea that sensory information and mathematical data is the only form of authoritative knowledge (Salberg, 2009).Postmodernists believe that it is important to understand the meanings of a group to be able to understand the group themselves (Spiro, 1996). Postmodernism in regards to anthropology is based on the belief that no one can truly be objective because everyone has a cultural bias, then it is impossible to use the scientific method truly (Salberg, 2009). The critique that postmodernism has about science and the scientific method is twofold, epistemological and ideological (Spiro, 1996). Firstly, according to epistemology, anthropology cannot be a science because of how subjective humans are (Spiro, 1996). Secondly, that because anthropology cannot be completely objective it would serve only those dominant social groups such as males, whites, and Westerners, instead of oppressed groups (Spiro, 1996). This then brought some anthropologists to doubt the scientific validity of fieldwork by the late 1970s and in the mid 1980s this idea created a crisis in the community on whether or not anthropologists can write “true social knowledge” (Salberg, 2009). This is because, postmodernists argue, that the anthropologist not only observes the natives, but the native observe the anthropologist therefore their fieldwork is not a one-way objective observation, but a two-way interaction (Spiro, 1996). So, the anthropologist must not only deal with the subjectivity of their subjects, but also the subjectivity of themselves (Spiro, 1996). However, some believe that postmodernism is meant to replace modernity and completely get rid of scientific anthropology, which is not true (Erickson, 2008). Postmodernists recognize the importance of the logic of modernity as it is rooted in Western beliefs and ideals about objective science (Erickson, 2008).

## Key Figures

Michel Foucault (October 15 1926 - June 25 1984)

Paul Feyeraband (January 13, 1924 - February 11, 1994)

Nancy Scheper-Hughes ( September 25, 1944 - Present)

## Key Texts

Foucault, Michel. 1994. *The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences*. Vintage, Reissue edition.

Feyeraband, Paul. 2010. *Against Method.* Verso.

Scheper-Hughes, Nancy. 2001. *Saints, Scholars, and Schizophrenics: Mental Illness in Rural Ireland*. University of California Press.

## References

Erickson, Paul A. and Liam D. Murphy. A History of Anthropological Theory. Toronto: Higher Education University of Toronto Press Incorporated, 2008. Print.

Salberg, Daniel, Robert Stewart, Karla Wesley, and Shannon Weiss. “Postmodernism and its Critics.” The University of Alabama. n.p. Web. 2009.

Spiro, Melfore. “Postmodernist Anthropology, Subjectivity and Science: A Modernist Critique.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 38.4 (1996): 759-780. Print.
Manchester School

By: Kylie LaBonne

**MAIN POINTS**

The Manchester school was founded in 1947 by anthropologist Max Gluckman. One of the biggest features of the Manchester School were the “case studies” from Gluckman's early training in law involving examples of social interaction to infer rules and assumptions. Students of the Manchester School gathered data on the social actions of individuals and described these cases in excessive detail. Anthropologist, Richard Werbner, "identifies four different main strands that are associated with the Manchester school, (1) social problems, (2) processes of articulation, (3) interpersonal interaction, and (4) rhetoric and semantics.” (Werbner) The social problems are focused on the problems in Africa, based on the way you classify yourself in the systems of subsistence, either traditional or industrialized which is how you decide what norms and values to follow. Gluckman focused his studies on research in social problems such as, apartheid, industrialization, and labor migration. “In other words conflict maintains the repetitive destruction and recreation of ties ultimately resulting in a situation of social cohesion.” (Werbner) The Processes of articulation is a theoretical position on the social problems, it is how you rank in society. They describe these roles, the hierarchy role, which was often filled by the village headman, were subjected to the conflicting interests and pressures from both the higher political order and the villagers underneath the leadership of the headman.The interpersonal interaction are based on certain situations that people are put in, compelling them to do things that are more extreme and are larger than the bigger picture, forcing them to derail from the norms and values of society. Gluckman describes the judicial processes of semantics and rhetoric in three ways: (1) the relation between concepts of the person, (2) the language of rules, and (3) the logic of situations. He tries to figure out ways in which people are manipulated into following rules and accepting this hierarchy with the norms and values.

**KEY FIGURES**

F. G. Bailey (b. 1924)

John A. Barnes (b. 1918) (d. 2010)

Elizabeth Spillius (b. 1924)

J. Clyde Mitchell (b. 1918) (d. 1995)

**KEY TEXTS**

Cocs, Paul.2001. *"Max Gluckman and the Critique of Segregation in South African Anthropology". Journal of Southern African Studies.*

Mitchel, J Clyde. 2008. *Case and Situation Analysis in: The Manchester School, Practice and Ethnographic Praxis in Anthropology*. Evens & Handelman

Palatas, Marcel. *Theory and Critics of Max Gluckman and Manchester School: Case of opening a new bridge in modern Zululand*. Academia.

**REFERENCES**

Gluckman, Max, *Analysis of a Social Situation in Modern Zululand*, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2nd ed. 1968

Gluckman,Max. 2012. *Politics, law and ritual in tribal society*. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.

Werbner, Richard P. 1984.The Manchester School in south-central Africa. *Annual Review of Anthropology* 13:157–185
Post-Marxism

By Conner Hutchings

**Main Points**

Post-Marxism builds upon the initial cultural theories laid down by Marx and Engels and pushes out to focus on more than the struggles between different classes Post-Marxism builds upon the initial cultural theories laid down by Marx and Engels and pushes out to focus on more than the struggles between different classes and the constant circle of revolution that it represents.

Roland Barthes was notable in this field as he criticized mass culture and coined the idea of semiology, a science which Baudrillard would analyze further. In essence Post-Marxism counters the idea that Marxism presents about a State being in place to benefit the classes that are in charge. Jean Baudrillard built upon this theory by criticizing how Marxism neglected the importance of signification and how objects within a society serve as a source of prestige. Symbolism and the prestige of owning certain objects and the values which are placed upon those objects feature heavily in the theories posted by Baudrillard in Post-Marxist theories.One of Baudrillard’s more significant arguments comes from his difference with Marxist ideals. Marxism taught that the ideals of capitalism were entirely based on the production and use of objects, whereas Baudrillard believed that production did not mean nearly as much as the act of consumption, and that consumed objects did not need to have any true or perceivable use beyond its value to the person or people consuming said object. Unlike which focuses entirely on class struggles,

Post-Marxism focuses on the culture of all groups who are repressed based upon their race, sex, as well as class. Post-Marxism also makes effort to point out how the theory posted by Marx about revolutions eventually leading to a communistic utopia were no longer viable, and was replaced with the theory that revolution was both inevitable cyclical and had no real end or utopia for it to reach.

**Key Figures**

Jean Baudrillard (b.1926 d. 2007)

**Key Texts**

Goldstein, Philip. *Post-Marxist Theory: An Introduction*. Albany: State U of New York, 2005. Print.
Dreams of Mine

Like, this is a list of all of the meaningless dreams I want to come true, so, um, yeah XD

* I want to go to Prague. I don't give a shit about Paris, fuck London, it's all about Prague for me.
* I want to be like, in a basement while a tornado is happening above ground. LIKE, tornadoes fascinate me xD
* I also want to experience a hurricane
* and heavy snow
* I want to have a house by the sea, bc like, I adore the sea?
* I want to visit Busan, South Korea, maybe even live there?
* Meet #Gun and tell him I'm a big fan, and that I'm proud of him (maybe even fuck him)
* Buy cookie dough ice cream for Oli
* Give Squirtle to Brocky
* Meet Shade
Political Economy

By Sierra Sernau

**Main Point**

In anthropology Political Economy is the study of how economics affect culture, with a modern focus on the effects of capitalism. Political Economy was developed from historical materialism, a theory developed by Karl Marx. Marx’s theory argues that material goods are the organizing force for society and the economy. Frank William Taussig, a leading political economy theorist, was a member of The Classical School of Political Economy, which developed free market economics into a science (Frank William Taussig: 2015). Political Economy was described by the school as ‘a materialistic interpretation of history’ in an article by Edwin R. A. Seligman (Seligman: 1901). Seligman argues that in order for humans to survive they must have the means to sustain themselves to have life and economics how humans sustain themselves therefore one must have economics if one is to have life (Seligman: 1901).

Marx’s theory of historical materialism is influential and has been applied to many areas of study including anthropology. Marx focuses on production and consumption in society and how the two are interdependent on
each other and have a circular relationship (Twigg: 2015). According to Marx as humans we actively seek to create and produce as a way to sustain life and it is this drive that allows economics, countries and people to flourish. Free market economists agree with Marx that economics are a driving force of culture, but they also believe that free markets are a good idea. Marx did not believe that free markets were good for the people or that they advanced the society. Political economists can see global capitalism as a negative force, undermining local markets and local traditions.

Applied to anthropology, the interest is in how political economy can be applied to non-capitalistic societies, how colonialism has affected economies and how it has affected developing societies as they transition from a non-capitalistic economy to a capitalistic economy.

**Key Figures**

Sidney Mintz

William Roseberry

Frank William Taussig

**Key Texts**

Mintz, Sidney. 1992. .*The Birth of African-American Culture: An Anthropological Perspective.*Beacon Press.

Roseberry, William. 1989. *Anthropologies and Histories: Essays in Culture, History, and Political Economy (Hegemony and Experience).* Rutgers.

Taussig, Frank William. 1969 *Some Aspects of the Tariff Question.* Greenwood Press.

**References**

"Frank William Taussig." *Online Library of Liberty.* Accessed March 10, 2015. http://oll.libertyfund.org/people/frank-william-taussig.

Seligman, Edwin R. A. 1901. "The Economic Interpretation of History I." *Political Science Quarterly*, December: 613.

"The Classical School of Political Economy." *Online Library of Liberty.* Accessed March 10, 2015. http://rebirthofreason.com/Articles/twigg/Karl\_Marx\_versus\_Adam\_Smith.shtml .

Twigg, Lauren M. "Karl Marx versus Adam Smith." *Rebirth of Reason .* Accessed March 10, 2015. http://rebirthofreason.com/Articles/twigg/Karl\_Marx\_versus\_Adam\_Smith.shtml.
Anthropological Theory Wiki

## Welcome to the Anthropological Theory Wiki

A collection of brief explanations of anthropological theories, written by students at Indiana University South Bend for the use of all.

## Theories

Actor-Network Theory

Cognitive Anthropology

Ecological Anthropology

Feminist Anthropology

Generative Anthropology

Globalization

Manchester School

Queer Theory

Political Economy

Post-Marxism

Postmodernism

Practice Theory

Sociobiology

Transactional Theory

New Ethnography

## Latest activity

Photos and videos are a great way to add visuals to your wiki. Find videos about your topic by exploring Wikia's Video Library.

File:Placeholder
Transactionalism

By: Lamonica Stackhouse

**Main Point**

 Transactionalism
is a psychology idea that humans are social, multifaceted that change when in
contact with another person in their world. As a theory of personality,
transactionalism describes how people are structured (Wikipedia). It uses what
it possibly its best known model, ego-state (Parent-Adult-Child), to do this. This
model helps explain how people function and express their personality by their
behavior. Transactionalism, in anthropology, was a theory first moved by
Frederick Barth in 1959 to consider social processes and interactions
(AnthroBase). It demonstrates social forms like kinship groups, and economic
institutions. It works from individuals’ actions against a context of social
constraints (encyclopedia69). According to encyclopedia69, Barth acknowledged, models
cannot be used to explain all kinds of human behavior, but by observing how
people interact with each other, an insight can be gained into the nature of
the competition, values and principles that govern individuals’ choices, and
also the way resources are allocated in society. It is said that transactionalism
is simply a tool to gain power.

Transactionalism
has implications for leadership. “Many of the politically active individuals in
Swat clearly recognize the distinction between private and group advantage,”
wrote Barth, “and when faced with a choice they tend to consider the former rather
than the latter.” It is built up and maintained through the exercise of a
continual series of individual choices.

There were some criticisms about this theory. Some were that the transactionalism theory
ignores long term historical processes; while some have criticized it for
paying “insufficient attention to the structure of class and property relations
in society,” encyclopedia69 states that “it is also important to acknowledge
the symbolic, cultural and religious ideas that might govern peoples’ choices
and decisions in their social interactions.” Transactionalism was criticized because
of it being of social exchange but stressed self-interested actions.

**.Key Figures**

Fredrik Barth (b. 1928)

F. G. Bailey (b. 1924)

**Key Texts**

- Conversi, Daniele. "Reassessing current theories of nationalism: nationalism as boundary maintenance and creation." *Nationalism and Ethnic Politics* 1.1 (1995): 73-85.

- Hedican, Edward J. "Some issues in the anthropology of transaction and exchange." *Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie*23.1 (1986): 97-117.

- Louis Dupree, Fredrik Barth, C-J. Charpentier, Joyce Pettigrew, Mark Slobin and Bahram M. Tavakolian Current Anthropology Vol. 18, No. 3 (Sep., 1977), pp. 514-518

**References**

Encyclopedia69.com

AnthroBase

Wikipedia
Go! Princess Pretty Cure Fanfiction Wiki

### Wikia

http://go-princess-pretty-cure-fanfiction.wikia.com/wiki/Go!\_Princess\_Pretty\_Cure\_Fanfiction\_Wiki

The **Go! Princess Pretty Cure Fanfiction Wiki** is a very recent fandom wiki, created by the user WhisperingCurry. In this wiki, people can create and write about their Cures of the Go! Princess Pretty Cure universe. This is an English speaking wiki.
Practice Theory

#### **KEY TEXTS:**

Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Giddens, Anthony. 1979. Central Problems in Social Theory: Action, Structure, and Contradiction in Social Analysis. California: University of California Press.

Giddens, Anthony. 1986. The Constitution of Society: Outline of a Theory of Structuration. California: University of California Press.

#### **REFERENCES:**

Tan, Sherman. 2015. Understanding the "Structure" and the "Agency" Debate in the Social Sciences. Connecticut: Yale Habitus.

O'Reilly, Karen. 2012. Structuration, Practice Theory, Ethnography and Migration. United Kingdom: Oxford International Migration Institute.

Postill, J. 2010. Introduction: Theorizing Media and Practice. Oxford and New York: Berghahn Books.
Ecological Anthropology

by Ashley Havens

**Main Points**

   The development of ecological anthropology arrived in the 1960s, and recently revived itself to incorporate trends in global cultural behaviors. This theory examines how humans interact with, adapt to, and create change within their environment through the use of culture. To garner a measurement, early ecological anthropologists treated ecological populations and ecosystems as measurable units, isolated and separate of the cultures from which they exist. This attempted neutrality is problematic for the proponent of such research today.

   Because past ecological anthropologists did not take into account the history of the culture who has shaped their environment, they skewed the results of their research in favor of the populations that were taking over the environs. As more scholars entered this subfield, they began to acknowledge and attempted to correct the problems of the founding school of ecological anthropology. Main differences that had arisen with the new school of ecological theory involved a shifting of focus from qualitative results to an orientation on policy and value, with an emphasis on application and the value of history (Kottak 31-3).

   Because global culture has greatly changed from the emergence of ecological anthropology in the 1960s to today, the ecological anthropologist must focus on new issues that have emerged. Topics that may be relevant to today’s ecological anthropologist include examining the issues that arise when an outside power enters an already inhabited area, and claims the resources and ecosystems for themselves to the detriment of a local community (Headland). Other questions that would be of interest include the problems of environmental degradation to sustainability and the role of the media in protecting environs.

   Ecological anthropologists attempt not only to understand how humans affect their biophysical environment, but also how they use their culture to adapt to and maintain their ecosystems.

**Key Figures**

Andrew P. Vayda

Robert M. Netting (b. 1934, d. 1995)

Emilio F. Moran(b. 1946)

**Key Texts**

Moran, Emilio F. Human Adaptability: An Introduction to Ecological Anthropology. 2007

Netting, Robert M. Cultural Ecology, Second Edition. 1986

Townsend, Patricia. Environmental Anthropology. June 2008.

**References**

Headland, Thomas N. "Revisionism in Ecological Anthropology." *Current Anthropology*. 38.4 (August/October 1997): 605-630. Web. 2 Mar. 2015.

Kottak, Conrad P. "The New Ecological Anthropology." *American Anthropologist* 101.1 (1999): 23-35. Web. 2 Mar. 2015

Vayda, Andrew P. and Bonnie J. McCay. “New Directions in Ecology and Ecological Anthropology.” *Annual Review of Anthropology*. Vol 4 (1975): 293-306. Web. 2 Mar. 2015
A Gift for a Dreamer part 2

Session 38

The cabin is approached by a column of fifty Inquisition paladins, spears and banners fluttering in the spring wind. Four winged cambrians circle the cabin hundreds of feet above them. Leading the troops, flanked by mighty winged devils, are the lord inquisitor Var'izan and a frightening kyton devil. The small army comes to a halt as they near the cabin. The kyton moves forward shouting in a supernaturally loud voice.

Kyton Gatekeeper

"Behold the end of this chase mortal! One chance to parley with the left hand of Azogun! Come forth that blood may not be spilled this morning!"

The kyton doesn't even get a chance to finish its speech before Dael launches a volley of arrows from the rooftop. Var'izan signals the troops to attack as hellish black chains whirl around the wounded devil. Halafas moves forward like a column of smoke, sending a dozen terrified inquisitors fleeing down the mountain. Shalazar's small army of elf skeletons clash with the inquisition lines as he and Illiaph take to the air to combat the winged devils. Rays of fire and frost arc over the battlefield as Var'izan and Dael exchange arrows. Halafas is laid out by a barrage of Var'izan's poisonous arrows and falls at the feet of Marcelyina who barely manages to keep her allies on their feet. The party's luck seems to be against them as weapons fly out of their hands, pistols misfire and spells are quashed as they are cast. The battle turns against the party as inquisitors fire volley after volley of crossbow bolts into Shalazar. The armoured knights rally around the kyton shouting to protect the gatekeeper. Alistyre quickly manages to polymorph the bloodied necromancer into a tyranosaurus rex. The battle turns in their favour as Shalazar's animal instict takes over. His new reptilian form shreds the kyton devil and several inquisitors disappear down the massive reptiles throat. The remainder of the army are scattered by his whipping tail and Halafas' fearful arura.

Var'izan fly's up to the cambrians who have until now, not engaged the party. They release a shower of searing rays on the airborne Jamlamin and Illiaph, crippling Jamlamin who falls several hundred feet hitting the ground with a bone cracking thud. Dael's sharpshooter abilities allow her to easily hit the target from an outrageous distance. The erinyes falls through the sky, landing near Jamlamin in a similar snowy crater.

The cambrians scatter, fleeing back to the Tarterun portal. The party let out a sigh of relief. They barely held it together through this battle. As Illiaph approaches the crippled Var'izan, he feels a familiar rush of power. His pact with the faerie queen has been sealed with the blood of the erinyes. He executes the grand inquisitor with a blast of eldritch fey energy. They take a short rest to mend their wounds but are alarmed as the morning progresses and the Tartarun portal remains, looming over the valley meadows. They know that Parun is being held there and while he is, luck will continue to bleed out of the lands of Findle and into the hands of Azogun.

EXP and Journal
Clan Chi

A Yonguren clan whose primary colour is red.

## Clan History

The clan took its name from Chi, the Kidan force of life and vitality. Those of clan Chi are often thought to be boisterous and materialistic. Clan Chi is primarily located in the Southern regions of the Maelun Prefecture and Bianyuan City. Those of this clan often become adventures and other families frequently refer to restless young people as "like a Chi child."

The Maelun Prefecture is dry and barren. Small farming communities take advantage of the few fertile fields and valleys, which are generally not enough to support large villages or cities. Rarely do any Chi people spend their whole life without travelling North to explore the richer regions of Danasia.

The Chi clan have a special relationship with the Wei clan in the Maguan Prefecture and often arrange marriages between the clans.
Blue Vushroon

Blue vushroon is a type of blue mold that grows only when suffused by the dweomer energies of the world cavern. When treated, shredded and dried, blue vushroon can be used in much the same manner as any type of pipeweed.

Blue vushroon pipeweed creates a sour, earthy smelling, blue smoke that imbues the user with a rush of dweomer magic. Using blue vushroon grants the user advantage on Intelligence and Charisma checks for one hour, as well as disadvantage on Strength and Constitution checks until they finish a long rest.

If a creature attempts to use blue vushroon more than once before they take a long rest, they must make a DC 14 constitution saving throw or be paralyzed for one hour.

Blue Vushroon is legal everywhere, but loses its potency if removed from the world cavern's energy for more than 1 week. It rarely makes it out of the world cavern, but can be found in some drow districts of Findle.

Like other types of pipeweed, blue vushroon cost approximately 100gp per lb.
Class Portal

Your class is the primary definition of what your character can do in the extraordinary magical landscape of Ord. A class is more than a profession; it is your character's calling. Your class choice shapes every action you take as you adventure across a spell-tangled, monster-ridden, battle-torn world. Will you be a gutsy, youthful sword fighter? A pact-sworn warlock with questionable ties? A titan-worshiping cleric who knows too much? A flamboyant rogue with a dagger up your sleeve? A tattooed wizard with a crystal staff? The choice is yours.
Wiki for Fan Series

This list shows every wiki created for one, and only one, fan series.

* Shining Sky Pretty Cure Wiki
* Let's Mirage! Pretty Cure Wiki
* Lock On! Pretty Cure Wiki
* Precure Shinning Stars Wiki
* Secret Pretty Cure Wiki (GER)
* Sky Pretty Cure Wiki
* Fantastic Pretty Cure! Wiki
* Futari Wa Pretty Cure Cultivation
* Ryan's Pretty Cure Fanseries Emporium Wiki