List of sovereign states in 1990

* Bophuthatswana – Republic of Bophuthatswana (nominally independent South African bantustan)
* Botswana – Republic of Botswana, UN member State
* Bougainville – Republic of Bougainville ( de facto independent state, from 17 May)
* Brazil – Federative Republic of Brazil, UN member State
* Brunei – State of Brunei, Abode of Peace, UN member State
* Bulgaria
* People s Republic of Bulgaria (to 15 November), UN member State
* Republic of Bulgaria (from 15 November), UN member State
* Burkina Faso - UN member State
* Burma Myanmar
* Burundi - Republic of Burundi, UN member State
* Byelorussia – Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, UN member State (Republic within the Soviet Union)

### C

* Cambodia Kampuchea
* Cambodia, State of (partially recognized de facto independent state)
* Cameroon – Republic of Cameroon, UN member State
* Canada – UN member State
* Cape Verde – Republic of Cape Verde, UN member state
* Central African Republic , UN member State
* Chad – Republic of Chad, UN member State
* Chile – Republic of Chile, UN member State
* China, People s Republic of – UN member State
* China, Republic of (partially recognized de facto independent state)
* Ciskei – Republic of Ciskei (nominally independent South African bantustan)
* Colombia – Republic of Colombia, UN member State
* Comoros - Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros, UN member State
* Congo - People s Republic of Congo, UN member State
* Congo, Democratic Republic of the Zaire
* Cook Islands (A state in free association with New Zealand)
* Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica, UN member State
* Côte d Ivoire Ivory Coast
* Cuba – Republic of Cuba, UN member State
* Cyprus – Republic of Cyprus, UN member State
* Czechoslovakia
* Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (to 29 March)
* Czechoslovak Federative Republic (from 29 March to 20 April)
* Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (from 23 April)

### D :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark, UN member State
* Djibouti – Republic of Djibouti, UN member State
* Dominica – Commonwealth of Dominica, UN member State
* Dominican Republic , UN member State

### E :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador, UN member State
* Egypt – Arab Republic of Egypt, UN member State
* El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador, UN member State
* Equatorial Guinea – Republic of Equatorial Guinea, UN member State
* Ethiopia - People s Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, UN member State

### F :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

Fiji

* Republic of Fiji (to 25 July), UN member State
* Sovereign Democratic Republic of Fiji (from 25 July), UN member State
* Finland – Republic of Finland, UN member State
* France – French Republic, UN member State

### G

* Gabon – Gabonese Republic, UN member State
* The Gambia – Republic of the Gambia, UN member State
* East Germany – German Democratic Republic (to 3 October)
* [1] West Germany - Federal Republic of Germany (to 3 October)
* Germany - Federal Republic of Germany (from 3 October)
* Ghana – Republic of Ghana, UN member State
* Greece – Hellenic Republic, UN member State
* Grenada - UN member State
* Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala, UN member State
* Guinea – Republic of Guinea, UN member State
* Guinea-Bissau – Republic of Guinea-Bissau, UN member State
* Guyana – Co-operative Republic of Guyana, UN member State

### Hc >

* Haiti – Republic of Haiti, UN member State

Holy See Vatican City

* Honduras – Republic of Honduras, UN member State
* Hungary – Republic of Hungary, UN member State

### I :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* Iceland – Republic of Iceland, UN member State
* India – Republic of India, UN member State
* Indonesia – Republic of Indonesia, UN member State
* Iran – Islamic Republic of Iran, UN member State
* [2] Iraq - Republic of Iraq, UN member State
* Ireland – Republic of Ireland, UN member State
* Israel – State of Israel, UN member State (wasn t recognized by 21 UN member States)
* Italy – Italian Republic, UN member State
* Ivory Coast – Republic of Côte d Ivoire, UN member State

### J :

* Jamaica - UN member State
* Japan - UN member State
* Jordan – Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, UN member State

### K

[3] [4] Democratic Kampuchea / Cambodia

* Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (to 3 February), UN member State
* National Government of Cambodia (from 3 February), UN member State
* Kenya – Republic of Kenya, UN member State
* Kiribati – Republic of Kiribati
* [5] North Korea – Democratic People s Republic of Korea, Permanent observer at UN (wasn t recognized by 4 UN member States)
* [6] South Korea – Republic of Korea, Permanent observer at UN (wasn t recognized by 3 UN member States at greatest extent)
* Kuwait – State of Kuwait (to 8 August), UN member State

### L :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* Laos – Lao People s Democratic Republic, UN member State
* Lebanon – Lebanese Republic, UN member State
* Lesotho – Kingdom of Lesotho, UN member State
* Liberia – Republic of Liberia, UN member State
* [7] Libya – Great Socialist People s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, UN member State
* Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein, UN member State from 18 September
* Lithuania - Republic of Lithuania (from 11 March, de facto independent state)
* Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, UN member State

### M :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* [8] Madagascar - Democratic Republic of Madagascar, UN member State
* Malawi – Republic of Malawi, UN member state
* Malaysia - UN member State
* Maldives – Republic of Maldives, UN member State
* Mali – Republic of Mali, UN member State
* Malta – Republic of Malta, UN member State
* Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands (A state under Compact of Free Association with the United States)
* Mauritania – Islamic Republic of Mauritania, UN member State
* [9] Mauritius - UN member State
* Federated States of Micronesia (A state under Compact of Free Association with the United States)
* Mexico – United Mexican States, UN member State
* Mindanao – Federal Republic of Mindanao ( de facto independent state from 4 October to 6 October)
* Monaco – Principality of Monaco, Permanent observer at the UN
* Mongolia – Mongolian People s Republic, UN member State
* Morocco – Kingdom of Morocco, UN member State

Mozambique

* People s Republic of Mozambique (to 30 November), UN member State
* Republic of Mozambique (from 30 November), UN member State
* [10] Myanmar – Union of Myanmar, UN member State

### N :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* Namibia – Republic of Namibia (from 21 March), UN member State
* Nauru – Republic of Nauru, UN member State
* [11] Nepal – Kingdom of Nepal, UN member State
* Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands, UN member State
* New Zealand - UN member State
* Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua, UN member State
* Niger – Republic of Niger, UN member State
* Nigeria – Federal Republic of Nigeria, UN member State
* Niue (A state in free association with New Zealand)
* Northern Cyprus – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (partially recognized de facto independent state)
* Norway – Kingdom of Norway, UN member State

### O :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* Oman – Sultanate of Oman, UN member State

### P :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan, UN member state
* Palestine - State of Palestine (Disputed region consisting of three occupied territories: the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem)
* Panama – Republic of Panama, UN member State
* Papua New Guinea – Independent State of Papua New Guinea, UN member State
* [12] Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay, UN member State
* Peru – Republic of Peru, UN member State
* Philippines – Republic of the Philippines, UN member State
* Poland – Republic of Poland, UN member State
* Portugal – Portuguese Republic, UN member state

### Q :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* Qatar – State of Qatar, UN member State

### R :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* Romania – UN member State
* Russia - Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (from 12 June, de facto independent sovereign state, Republic within the Soviet Union)
* Rwanda – Rwandese Republic, UN member state

### S :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Partially recognized de facto independent state)
* Saint Kitts and Nevis – Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis, UN member State
* Saint Lucia , UN member State
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines , UN member State

Samoa Western Samoa

* San Marino – Republic of San Marino
* São Tomé and Príncipe – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, UN member State
* Saudi Arabia – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, UN member State
* Senegal – Republic of Senegal, UN member State
* Seychelles – Republic of Seychelles, UN member State
* Sierra Leone – Republic of Sierra Leone, UN member State
* Singapore – Republic of Singapore, UN member State
* Solomon Islands - UN member State
* [13] Somalia - Somali Democratic Republic, UN member State
* South Africa – Republic of South Africa, UN member State
* Soviet Union – Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, UN member State
* Spain – Kingdom of Spain, UN member State
* Sri Lanka – Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, UN member State
* Sudan – Republic of the Sudan, UN member State
* Suriname – Republic of Suriname, UN member State
* Swaziland – Kingdom of Swaziland, UN member State
* Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden, UN member State
* Switzerland – Swiss Confederation, Permanent observer at UN
* Syria – Syrian Arab Republic, UN member State

### T :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

Taiwan China, Republic of

* Tamil Eelam (unrecognized de facto self-governing entity)
* Tanzania – United Republic of Tanzania, UN member State
* Thailand – Kingdom of Thailand, UN member State
* Togo – Togolese Republic, UN member State
* Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga, UN member State
* Transkei – Republic of Transkei (nominally independent South African bantustan)
* Trinidad and Tobago – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, UN member State
* Tunisia – Tunisian Republic, UN member State
* Turkey – Republic of Turkey, UN member State
* Tuvalu

### U :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* Uganda – Republic of Uganda, UN member State
* Ukraine – Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, UN member State (Republic within the Soviet Union)
* United Arab Emirates - UN member State
* United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, UN member State
* United States – United States of America, UN member State
* Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay, UN member State

USSR Soviet Union

### V :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* Vanuatu – Republic of Vanuatu, UN member State
* Vatican City – Vatican City State, Permanent observer at UN
* Venda – Republic of Venda (nominally independent South African bantustan)
* Venezuela – Republic of Venezuela, UN member State
* Vietnam – Socialist Republic of Vietnam, UN member State

### W :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* Western Samoa - Independent State of Western Samoa, UN member State

### Y :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* Yemen – Republic of Yemen (from 22 May), UN member State
* North Yemen – Yemen Arab Republic (to 22 May), UN member State
* South Yemen - People s Democratic Republic of Yemen (to 22 May), UN member State
* Yugoslavia – Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, UN member State

### Z :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* Zaire - Republic of Zaire, UN member State
* Zambia - Republic of Zambia, UN member State
* Zimbabwe – Republic of Zimbabwe, UN member State

## Non-sovereign territories

### Australia :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* [14] Ashmore and Cartier Islands - The Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands (Uninhabited external territory)
* [15] Australian Antarctic Territory (Uninhabited external territory)
* Christmas Island - The Territory of Christmas Island (External territory)
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands - The Territory of the Cocos Islands (External territory)
* [16] Coral Sea Islands - The Coral Sea Islands Territory (Uninhabited external territory)
* [17] Heard Island and McDonald Islands – Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands (Uninhabited external territory)
* Norfolk Island – Territory of Norfolk Island (External territory)

### Denmark :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* Faroe Islands (Constituent country)
* Greenland (Constituent country)

### Finland :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* [18] Åland (Neutral and demilitarised region)

### France :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* French Polynesia (Overseas territory), with Clipperton Island
* French Southern and Antarctic Lands - The Territory of French Southern and Antarctic Lands (Overseas territory)
* Mayotte (Overseas territory)
* New Caledonia (Overseas territory)
* Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Overseas territory)
* Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean (Overseas territory), consisting of five uninhabited possessions:
	+ Bassas da India (Disputed by Madagascar)
	+ Europa Island (Disputed by Madagascar)
	+ Glorioso Islands (Disputed by Madagascar, Comoros and the Seychelles)
	+ Juan de Nova Island (Disputed by Madagascar)
	+ Tromelin Island (Disputed by Mauritius and the Seychelles)
* Wallis and Futuna - The Territory of the Wallis and Futuna (Overseas territory)

### Greece :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* Mount Athos (Autonomous monastic state)

### Netherlands :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* Aruba (Autonomous country)
* Netherlands Antilles (Autonomous country)

### New Zealand :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* Ross Dependency (Suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
* Tokelau

### Norway :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* Bouvet Island
* Peter I Island (Suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
* Queen Maud Land (Suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)

### Portugal :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* Macau (Chinese territory administered by Portugal)

### United Kingdom :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* Akrotiri and Dhekelia - Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Dependent territory)
* Anguilla (Dependent territory)
* Bermuda (Dependent territory)
* British Antarctic Territory (Dependent territory suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
* British Indian Ocean Territory (Dependent territory disputed by Mauritius and the Seychelles)
* British Virgin Islands (Dependent territory)
* Cayman Islands (Dependent territory)
* Falkland Islands (Dependent territory disputed by Argentina)
* Gibraltar (Dependent territory)
* Hong Kong (Dependent territory)
* Montserrat (Dependent territory)
* Pitcairn Islands (Dependent territory)
* Saint Helena (Dependent territory), with two dependencies:
	+ Ascension Island
	+ Tristan da Cunha
* South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Dependent territory disputed by Argentina)
* Turks and Caicos Islands (Dependent territory)
* Guernsey - The Bailiwick of Guersney (Crown depedency), with three dependencies:
	+ Alderney
	+ Sark
	+ Herm
* Isle of Man (Crown depedency)
* Jersey - The Bailiwick of Jersey (Crown depedency)

### United States :rgb(85,85,85);">[edit]

* American Samoa (Insular area including Swains Island, disputed by Tokelau)
* Guam (Insular area)
* Northern Mariana Islands - The Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands (Insular area)
* [19] Puerto Rico - The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Insular area)
* United States Virgin Islands - Virgin Islands of the United States (Insular area)
* Baker Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
* Howland Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
* Jarvis Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
* Johnston Atoll (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
* Kingman Reef (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
* Midway Atoll (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
* Navassa Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory claimed by Haiti)
* Wake Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory claimed by the Marshall Islands)
* Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands , consisting of one territory
	+ Palau

## Other states

* Antarctica as a whole had no government and no permanent population. Seven states claimed portions of Antarctica and five of these had reciprocally recognised one another s claims. These claims, which were regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, were neither recognised nor disputed by any other signatory state.
* Estonia was administered as a part of the Soviet Union, but its annexation was not widely recognized. A government in exile claimed independence for Estonia, but aside from its embassies in the West it controlled no territory.
* Latvia was administered as a part of the Soviet Union, but its annexation was not widely recognized. A government in exile claimed independence for Latvia, but aside from its embassies in the West it controlled no territory.
* Lithuania was administered as a part of the Soviet Union until this year, but its annexation was not widely recognized. A government in exile claimed independence for Lithuania, but aside from its embassies in the West it controlled no territory.
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign\_Military\_Order\_of\_Malta] The Sovereign Military Order of Malta was an entity claiming sovereignty. The order had bi-lateral diplomatic relations with a large number of states, but had no territory other than extraterritorial areas within Rome. The order s Constitution stated: "The Order is a subject of international law and exercises sovereign functions."  Although the order frequently asserted its sovereignty, it did not claim to be a sovereign state. It lacked a defined territory. Since all its members were citizens of other states, almost all of them lived in their native countries, and those who resided in the order s extraterritorial properties in Rome did so only in connection with their official duties, the order lacked the characteristic of having a permanent population.
* [20] West Berlin was a political enclave that was closely aligned with – but not actually a part of – West Germany. It consisted of three occupied sectors administered by the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. West Berlin was incorporated into the reunified Germany on 3 October.

## Sources

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List\_of\_sovereign\_states\_in\_1990