A Chorus Line

***A Chorus Line*** is a 1985 American musical drama film directed by Richard Attenborough and starring Michael Douglas. The screenplay by Arnold Schulman is based on the book of the 1975 stage production of the same name by James Kirkwood Jr. and Nicholas Dante. It is the first film adaptation of the stage production. The songs were composed by Marvin Hamlisch and Edward Kleban. The plot centers on a group of dancers auditioning for a part in a new Broadway musical.

Released theatrically on December 13, 1985, by Columbia Pictures, the film received mixed reviews from critics, who compared it unfavorably with the musical, and was a box office bomb, grossing only $14 million from a $25 million budget.

## Plot

In a Broadway theater, from a darkened place in the audience, director Zach (Michael Douglas) judges dozens of dancers and their performances. After initial eliminations, sixteen hopefuls remain. Arriving late is former lead dancer Cassie (Alyson Reed) who once had a tempestuous romantic relationship with Zach but left him for Hollywood. Now she has not worked in over a year, and is desperate enough to be part of the chorus line.

Zach is looking for eight dancers (four men and four women) and has them introduce themselves. As they each step forward, he interviews them and coaxes the dancers into talking about a variety of topics. This includes how they began dancing, first sexual experiences, their families, and hardships they've faced. Through their stories, the group reveals how being a performer is a difficult profession.

As Cassie enters the stage, Zach tells Larry to take all the dancers to a rehearsal room. Cassie pleads to continue the audition. Zach relents and sends her to learn the routine with everyone else. Paul re-enters the stage and tells Zach about how he was sexually molested as a child while watching musicals on 42nd Street. Paul describes his first job at a drag cabaret. When his parents found out that he was gay and performing in drag, they couldn't look him in the eye. Zach embraces Paul, showing compassion for the first time in the audition.

Larry brings the dancers back onstage to perform the newly learned routine. Zach shouts at Cassie, as she cannot blend in. They argue about their past romantic relationship while Larry leads the group in a tap combination. Suddenly, Paul slips, falls and injures his knee. As he is rushed to the hospital, Zach asks the dancers what they will do once they can no longer perform. Diana is the only one that can truly answer the question, telling him that she wants to be remembered, even just for dancing in a chorus, which all the hopefuls seem to agree with. Zach chooses Val, Cassie, Bebe, Diana, Mike, Mark, Richie, and Bobby to be in his line.

Months later, the eight performers are seen performing "One" in front of an audience. As the song progresses, the cut dancers also appear onstage and it becomes harder to identify each dancer. The dancer's reflections from the mirror joins them and soon the stage is filled with hundreds of dancers. As the credits roll, the song's tag vamps as the dancers continue dancing in a giant kickline.

## Cast

* Michael Douglas as Zach, choreographer
* Alyson Reed as Cassie
* Terrence Mann as Larry, assistant choreographer
* Sharon Brown as Kim, Zach's secretary

### Dancers

* Michael Blevins as Mark Tobori
* Yamil Borges as Diana Morales
* Jan Gan Boyd as Connie Wong
* Gregg Burge as Richie Walters
* Cameron English as Paul San Marco
* Tony Fields as Al DeLuca
* Audrey Landers as Val Clarke
* Nicole Fosse as Kristine Evelyn Erlich-DeLuca
* Vicki Frederick as Sheila Bryant
* Michelle Johnston as Beatrice Ann "Bebe" Benson
* Janet Jones as Judy Monroe
* Pam Klinger as Maggie Winslow
* Charles McGowan as Mike Cass
* Justin Ross as Greg Gardner
* Blane Savage as Don Kerr
* Matt West as Bobby Mills

## Musical numbers

1. "I Hope I Get It" – Entire cast — Contains new sections of music not in the original stage version
2. "Who Am I Anyway?" – Paul — his solo, originally part of "I Hope I Get It"
3. "I Can Do That" – Mike
4. "At the Ballet" – Sheila, Bebe and Maggie — the soundtrack contains an extended version not heard in the film
5. "Surprise, Surprise" – Richie and dancers — replaces "Hello Twelve, Hello Thirteen, Hello Love" and "Gimme the Ball", although one verse of the song is heard in the film. The monologues of Mark, Connie, Judy, and Greg which are part of this number are performed in other parts of the film without music.
6. "Nothing" – Diana
7. "Dance: Ten; Looks: Three" – Val
8. "Let Me Dance for You" – Cassie — replaces her song "The Music and the Mirror", although part of the instrumental section remains the same
9. "One" (rehearsal) – entire cast
10. "What I Did for Love" – Cassie — sung counterpoint to the Tap Combination. In the stage version, the company performs the number, with Diana leading.
11. "One" (Finale) – entire cast (8 kicklines of 17 dancers each)

The songs "And...", "Sing!", and "The Tap Combination" from the stage version are eliminated in the film, as well as most of "The Montage" ("Hello Twelve, Hello Thirteen, Hello Love").

## Production

Even before the show had premiered on Broadway, Hollywood producers had expressed interest in a motion picture version of the musical. Universal Pictures acquired the rights for $5.5 million, in addition to agreeing to pay royalties of 20% of the distributor's gross rentals above $30 million, with the stage musical's director Michael Bennett hired as producer and director. Bennett declined to participate when his proposal to present the film as an audition to cast the movie version of the stage play, instead of a literal translation of the play (cf. the 1971 film adaptation of *The Boy Friend*) was rejected. Many directors turned down the project, insisting that not only was *A Chorus Line* too beloved, but it would not translate well to the screen. In addition, the requirement to start paying royalties after the gross reached $30 million—by which time the film might not yet have broken even—made the film a difficult financial prospect. When Attenborough accepted the project in 1984, there was some apprehension as to the treatment the British director would give the musical's quintessentially American story.

Universal sold the rights to PolyGram for $7.8 million in 1982 and in 1983 Embassy Pictures joined as co-producers, investing 20% in Embassy Film Associates, which financed the picture.

In February 1984, according to Attenborough, the singer Madonna auditioned at the Royale Theatre on Broadway for a dance role in the movie using her birth name of Ciccone. He rejected her.

The dance numbers were choreographed by Jeffrey Hornaday.

Matt West, Vicki Frederick, Pam Klinger, Justin Ross, and Alyson Reed had all appeared in *A Chorus Line* on Broadway or in other major productions of the stage show prior to appearing in the film version. Gregg Burge, Charles McGowan, and Blane Savage joined stage productions of *A Chorus Line* after filming the movie.

Audrey Landers could move well but was not a trained dancer as was the rest of the cast. Attenborough cast her in the film despite her lack of formal dance training. She is absent from some of the more difficult choreographed dance numbers.

The decision to tamper with the score disappointed fans of the show. "Hello Twelve, Hello Thirteen, Hello Love", "Sing!", and "The Music and the Mirror" were deleted (the first was touched on briefly) and new songs "Surprise, Surprise" and "Let Me Dance For You" were added. The show's breakout tune, "What I Did for Love," was originally performed by Diana as a paean to dancers and their dedication to their craft, but in the film it becomes a wistful love song by Cassie about Zach as she leaves the stage. Another change from the stage show to the movie sees the character of Bebe being selected as one of the final eight dancers, rather than Judy.

The stage musical was one of the first productions to address the subject of gay actors within the theatre. However, the film version opted instead to make a more "family friendly" film by dealing less with the experiences of gay actors.

Six months prior to release, Embassy Pictures was sold to The Coca-Cola Company, who also owned Columbia Pictures. Five months later, Dino De Laurentiis acquired Embassy but he did not acquire the 20% interest in Embassy Film Associates, which created some confusion over who would handle the film, which was already scheduled to be distributed by Columbia.

## Reception

### Critical response

In his review in *The New York Times*, Vincent Canby observed, "Though it was generally agreed that *Hair* would not work as a film, Miloš Forman transformed it into one of the most original pieces of musical cinema of the last 20 years. Then they said that *A Chorus Line* couldn't be done — and this time they were right... Mr. Attenborough has elected to make a more or less straightforward film version that is fatally halfhearted."

Roger Ebert of the *Chicago Sun-Times* stated, "The result may not please purists who want a film record of what they saw on stage, but this is one of the most intelligent and compelling movie musicals in a long time—and the most grown up, since it isn't limited, as so many contemporary musicals are, to the celebration of the survival qualities of geriatric actresses."

*Variety* said, "*Chorus* often seems static and confined, rarely venturing beyond the immediate. Attenborough merely films the stage show as best he could. Nonetheless, the director and lenser Ronnie Taylor have done an excellent job working within the limitations, using every trick they could think of to keep the picture moving. More importantly, they have a fine cast, good music and a great, popular show to work with. So if all they did was get it on film, that's not so bad."

*Time Out London* says, "The grit and drive of the original have been dissipated into studiously unkempt glitz as empty as plasticised pop ... It's too corny and unbelievable for words."

Kelly Bishop, the original stage Sheila, noted, "It was appalling when director Richard Attenborough went on a talk show and said 'this is a story about kids trying to break into show business.' I almost tossed my TV out the window; I mean what an idiot! It's about veteran dancers looking for one last job before it's too late for them to dance anymore. No wonder the film sucked!"

On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 40% based on reviews from 35 critics. The website's critics consensus states: "On stage, *A Chorus Line* pulled back the curtain to reveal the hopes and fears of showbiz strivers, but that energy and urgency is lost in the transition to the big screen." On Metacritic the film has a score of 46% based on reviews from 13 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

### Accolades

The film was nominated for the following awards:

#### Academy Awards

* Academy Award for Best Film Editing (John Bloom) – (the Oscar was won by *Witness*)
* Academy Award for Best Original Song ("Surprise, Surprise") (Marvin Hamlisch, Edward Kleban) – (the Oscar was won by "Say You, Say Me" by Lionel Richie from the film *White Nights*)
* Academy Award for Best Sound (Donald O. Mitchell, Michael Minkler, Gerry Humphreys and Chris Newman) – (the Oscar was won by *Out of Africa*)

#### Golden Globes

* Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy
* Golden Globe Award for Best Director – Motion Picture

**Note:** At the Golden Globes, *A Chorus Line* lost out in both categories to *Prizzi's Honor*, while at the BAFTA Awards it lost out in both categories to *Amadeus*.

## Home media

*A Chorus Line* was released to DVD by MGM Home Entertainment on April 15, 2003, as a Region 1 widescreen DVD, with a re-release in new packaging on January 14, 2014, and a Blu-ray release on the same date.

## In culture

In season 6, episode 10 of the American medical drama *House*, Dr. Gregory House buys a *A Chorus Line* poster, while Dr. James Wilson hums the final score of the movie and musical in the episode finale.

## References

1. ↑ *A Chorus Line* (PG). *British Board of Film Classification* (December 20, 1985). Retrieved on September 23, 2016.
2. ↑ Harmetz, Aljean (November 29, 1985). At the Movies. *The New York Times*. Retrieved on June 13, 2011.
3. ↑ A Chorus Line - Box Office Mojo. *Box Office Mojo*. Retrieved on April 18, 2021.
4. ↑ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. Australian Chart Book.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Freedman, Samuel (November 11, 1984). 'Chorus Line' vs. Hollywood - a Saga. *The New York Times*. Retrieved on November 14, 2020.
6. ↑ Gottfried, Mark (February 28, 1990). The End of the Line: 'A Chorus Line', a symbol of Broadway, dances out of New York after 15 years. *Los Angeles Times*.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 A Chorus Line. *AFI Catalog*. Retrieved on April 2, 2018.
8. ↑ Hawkins, Diana (2009). Entirely Up To You, Darling. Arrow Books.
9. ↑ Canby, Vincent (December 10, 1985). A Chorus Line (1985) review. *The New York Times*. Retrieved on August 7, 2017.
10. ↑ Ebert, Roger (December 20, 1985). A Chorus Line review. *Chicago Sun-Times*. Archived from the original on December 20, 2010. Retrieved on December 20, 2010.
11. ↑ A Chorus Line review. *Variety* (December 31, 1984). Archived from the original on November 7, 2012. Retrieved on December 20, 2010.
12. ↑ A.R.. Time Out Film Guide. Time Out. Archived from the original on October 3, 2012. Retrieved on December 20, 2010.
13. ↑ A Chorus Line (1985). *Rotten Tomatoes*. Retrieved on September 11, 2020.
14. ↑ A Chorus Line. *Metacritic*. Retrieved on September 11, 2020.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 The 58th Academy Awards (1986) Nominees and Winners. *Oscars.org*. Retrieved on October 16, 2011.

## External links

* A Chorus Line at Wikipedia

* *A Chorus Line* at the Internet Movie Database
* *A Chorus Line* at the TCM Movie Database

## Gallery

Cassie Ferguson's dance sequence #1Cassie Ferguson's dance sequence #2Cassie Ferguson's dance sequence #3Zach and Cassie Ferguson's flashback sequence #1Zach and Cassie Ferguson's flashback sequence #2Zach and Cassie Ferguson's flashback sequence #3Zach and Cassie Ferguson's flashback sequence #4Zach and Cassie Ferguson's flashback sequence #5