List of mammals of the United States

North American animals Wiki list articleTemplate:SHORTDESC:North American animals Wiki list article

About 490 species of mammals are recorded in the United States. Unincorporated territories like for example Puerto Rico, Guam or Northern Mariana Islands are covered. Mammals introduced and extinct in the Holocene except Pleistocene/Holocene boundary are included.

According to the IUCN Red List 3 of these species are critically endangered, 20 endangered, 15 vulnerable, 20 near threatened and 4 extinct.

Some species are identified as indicated below:

* (A) - **Accidental**
* (E) - **Extinct**
* (Ex) - **Extirpated** (extinct in the US, but exists elsewhere in the world)
* (I) - **Introduced**

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

(v. 2013.2, the data are current as of March 5, 2014)

and the Endangered Species Act:

(the data are current as of March 28, 2014)

## Subclass: Theria

### Infraclass: Metatheria

#### Order: Didelphimorphia (common opossums)

Didelphimorphia is the order of common opossums of the Western Hemisphere. Opossums probably diverged from the basic South American marsupials in the late Cretaceous or early Paleocene. They are small to medium-sized marsupials, about the size of a large house cat, with a long snout and prehensile tail.

* Family: Didelphidae (American opossums)
	+ Subfamily: Didelphinae
		- Virginia opossum, *D. virginiana*  **LC**

### Infraclass: Eutheria

#### Order: Cingulata (armadillos)

The armadillos are small mammals with a bony armored shell. They are native to the Americas. There are around 20 extant species. Only the nine-banded armadillo is found in the United States.

* Family: Dasypodidae (armadillos)
	+ Subfamily: Dasypodinae
		- Nine-banded armadillo, *D. novemcinctus*  **LC**

#### Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

* Suborder: Hystricognathi
	+ Family: Erethizontidae (New World porcupines)
		- Subfamily: Erethizontinae
			* North American porcupine, *E. dorsatum*  **LC**
	+ Family: Capromyidae
		- Subfamily: Capromyinae
			* Puerto Rican hutia, *I. portoricensis*  (Puerto Rico only) **EX**
* Suborder: Sciurognathi
	+ Family: Aplodontiidae (mountain beaver)
		- Mountain beaver, *A. rufa*  **LC** (ssp. *nigra*: **E**)
	+ Family: Castoridae (beavers)
		- American beaver, *C. canadensis*  **LC**
	+ Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
		- Subfamily: Sciurinae
			* Tribe: Pteromyini
				+ Northern flying squirrel, *G. sabrinus*  **LC**
				(Carolina northern flying squirrel *G. s. coloratus*, Virginia northern flying squirrel *G. s. fuscus*: **E**)
				+ Humboldt's flying squirrel, *G. oregonensis*
				+ Southern flying squirrel, *G. volans*  **LC**
			* Tribe: Sciurini
				+ Abert's squirrel, *S. aberti*  **LC**
				+ Arizona gray squirrel, *S. arizonensis*  **DD**
				+ Eastern gray squirrel, *S. carolinensis*  **LC**
				+ Western gray squirrel, *S. griseus*  **LC**
				+ Mexican fox squirrel, *S. nayaritensis*  **LC**
				+ Fox squirrel, *S. niger*  **LC**
				(Delmarva fox squirrel, *S. n. cinereus*: **E**)
				+ Douglas squirrel, *T. douglasii*  **LC**
				+ Southwestern red squirrel, *T. fremonti* **NE**
				(Mount Graham red squirrel, *T. f. grahamensis*: **E**)
				+ North American red squirrel, *T. hudsonicus*  **LC**
		- Subfamily: Xerinae
			* Tribe: Marmotini
				+ Harris's antelope squirrel, *A. harrisii*  **LC**
				+ Texas antelope squirrel, *A. interpres* **LC**
				+ White-tailed antelope squirrel, *A. leucurus* **LC**
				+ San Joaquin antelope squirrel, *A. nelsoni*  **EN**
				+ Gunnison's prairie dog, *C. gunnisoni* **LC**
				+ White-tailed prairie dog, *C. leucurus*  **LC**
				+ Black-tailed prairie dog, *C. ludovicianus*  **LC**
				+ Utah prairie dog, *C. parvidens*  **EN** **T**
				+ Alaska marmot, *M. broweri*  (Alaska only) **LC**
				+ Hoary marmot, *M. caligata*  **LC**
				+ Yellow-bellied marmot, *M. flaviventris*  **LC**
				+ Groundhog, *M. monax*  **LC**
				+ Olympic marmot, *M. olympus*  **LC**
				+ California ground squirrel, *O. beecheyi*  **LC**
				+ Rock squirrel, *O. variegatus*  **LC**
				+ Golden-mantled ground squirrel, *C. lateralis*  **LC**
				+ Cascade golden-mantled ground squirrel, *C. saturatus*  **LC**
				+ Mohave ground squirrel, *X. mohavensis*  **VU**
				+ Spotted ground squirrel, *X. spilosoma*  **LC**
				+ Round-tailed ground squirrel, *X. tereticaudus*  **LC**
				+ Franklin's ground squirrel, *P. franklinii*  **LC**
				+ Mexican ground squirrel, *I. mexicanus*  **LC**
				+ Rio Grande ground squirrel, *I. parvidens*
				+ Thirteen-lined ground squirrel, *I. tridecemlineatus*  **LC**
				+ Uinta ground squirrel, *U. armatus*  **LC**
				+ Belding's ground squirrel, *U. beldingi*  **LC**
				+ Northern Idaho ground squirrel, *U. brunneus*  **CR**
				+ Southern Idaho ground squirrel, *U. endemicus*  **VU**
				+ Columbian ground squirrel, *U. columbianus*  **LC**
				+ Wyoming ground squirrel, *U. elegans*  **LC**
				+ Arctic ground squirrel, *U. parryii*  (Alaska only) **LC**
				+ Richardson's ground squirrel, *U. richardsonii*  **LC**
				+ Townsend's ground squirrel, *U. townsendii*  **VU** and:
					- Merriam's ground squirrel, *U. canus*  **LC**
					- Piute ground squirrel, *U. mollis*  **LC**
					- Townsend's ground squirrel, *U. (townsendii) nancyae*  **VU**
				+ Washington ground squirrel, *U. washingtoni*  **NT**
				+ Alpine chipmunk, *N. alpinus*  **LC**
				+ Yellow-pine chipmunk, *N. amoenus*  **LC**
				+ Gray-footed chipmunk, *N. canipes*  **LC**
				+ Gray-collared chipmunk, *N. cinereicollis*  **LC**
				+ Cliff chipmunk, *N. dorsalis*  **LC**
				+ Merriam's chipmunk, *N. merriami*  **LC**
				+ Least chipmunk, *N. minimus*  **LC**
				+ California chipmunk, *N. obscurus*  **LC**
				+ Yellow-cheeked chipmunk, *N. ochrogenys*  **LC**
				+ Palmer's chipmunk, *N. palmeri*  **EN**
				+ Panamint chipmunk, *N. panamintinus*  **LC**
				+ Long-eared chipmunk, *N. quadrimaculatus*  **LC**
				+ Colorado chipmunk, *N. quadrivittatus*  **LC**
				+ Red-tailed chipmunk, *N. ruficaudus*  **LC**
				+ Hopi chipmunk, *N. rufus*  **LC**
				+ Allen's chipmunk, *N. senex*  **LC**
				+ Siskiyou chipmunk, *N. siskiyou*  **LC**
				+ Sonoma chipmunk, *N. sonomae*  **LC**
				+ Lodgepole chipmunk, *N. speciosus*  **LC**
				+ Eastern chipmunk, *T. striatus*  **LC**
				+ Townsend's chipmunk, *N. townsendii*  **LC**
				+ Uinta chipmunk, *N. umbrinus*  **LC**
	+ Family: Geomyidae
		- Desert pocket gopher, *G. arenarius*  **NT**
		- Attwater's pocket gopher, *G. attwateri*  **LC**
		- Baird's pocket gopher, *G. breviceps*  **LC**
		- Plains pocket gopher, *G. bursarius*  **LC** and:
			* Hall's pocket gopher, *G. jugossicularis*
			* Sand Hills pocket gopher, *G. lutescens*
		- Knox Jones's pocket gopher, *G. knoxjonesi*  **LC**
		- Texas pocket gopher, *G. personatus*  **LC** and:
			* Strecker's pocket gopher, *G. streckeri*
		- Southeastern pocket gopher, *G. pinetis*  **LC**
		- Llano pocket gopher, *G. texensis*  **LC**
		- Yellow-faced pocket gopher, *P. castanops*  **LC**
		- Botta's pocket gopher, *T. bottae*  **LC**
		- Camas pocket gopher, *T. bulbivorus*  **LC**
		- Wyoming pocket gopher, *T. clusius*  **LC**
		- Idaho pocket gopher, *T. idahoensis*  **LC**
		- Mazama pocket gopher, *T. mazama*  **LC**
		- Mountain pocket gopher, *T. monticola*  **LC**
		- Northern pocket gopher, *T. talpoides*  **LC**
		- Townsend's pocket gopher, *T. townsendii*  **LC**
		- Southern pocket gopher, *T. umbrinus*  **LC**
	+ Family: Heteromyidae
		- Subfamily: Dipodomyinae
			* Agile kangaroo rat, *D. agilis*  **LC**
			* California kangaroo rat, *D. californicus*  **LC**
			* Gulf Coast kangaroo rat, *D. compactus*  **LC**
			* Desert kangaroo rat, *D. deserti*  **LC**
			* Texas kangaroo rat, *D. elator*  **VU**
			* Heermann's kangaroo rat, *D. heermanni*  **LC**
			(Morro Bay kangaroo rat, *D. h. morroensis*: **E**)
			* Giant kangaroo rat, *D. ingens*  **EN** **E**
			* Merriam's kangaroo rat, *D. merriami*  **LC** (San Bernardino kangaroo rat, *D. m. parvus*: **E**)
			* Chisel-toothed kangaroo rat, *D. microps*  **LC**
			* Fresno kangaroo rat, *D. nitratoides*  **VU** (Fresno subspecies *D. n. exilis* and Tipton kangaroo rat, *D. n. nitratoides*: **E**)
			* Ord's kangaroo rat, *D. ordii*  **LC**
			* Panamint kangaroo rat, *D. panamintinus*  **LC**
			* Banner-tailed kangaroo rat, *D. spectabilis*  **NT**
			* Stephens' kangaroo rat, *D. stephensi*  **EN** **E**
			* Dulzura kangaroo rat, *D. simulans*  **LC**
			* Narrow-faced kangaroo rat, *D. venustus*  **LC** and:
				+ Big-eared kangaroo rat, *D. (venustus) elephantinus*
				(*D. venustus*: **LC**)
			* Dark kangaroo mouse, *M. megacephalus*  **LC**
			* Pale kangaroo mouse, *M. pallidus*  **LC**
		- Subfamily: Heteromyinae
			* Mexican spiny pocket mouse, *L. irroratus*  **LC**
		- Subfamily: Perognathinae
			* Bailey's pocket mouse, *C. baileyi*  **LC**
			* California pocket mouse, *Cv californicus*  **LC**
			* Nelson's pocket mouse, *C. nelsoni*  **LC**
			* Chihuahuan pocket mouse, *C. eremicus*  **LC**
			* San Diego pocket mouse, *C. fallax*  **LC**
			* Long-tailed pocket mouse, *C. formosus*  **LC**
			* Hispid pocket mouse, *C. hispidus*  **LC**
			* Rock pocket mouse, *C. intermedius*  **LC**
			* Desert pocket mouse, *C. penicillatus*  **LC**
			* Baja pocket mouse, *C. rudinoris*  **LC**
			* Spiny pocket mouse, *C. spinatus*  **LC**
			* White-eared pocket mouse, *P. alticola*  **EN**
			* Arizona pocket mouse, *P. amplus*  **LC**
			* Olive-backed pocket mouse, *P. fasciatus*  **LC**
			* Plains pocket mouse, *P. flavescens*  **LC**
			* Silky pocket mouse, *P. flavus*  **LC**
			* San Joaquin pocket mouse, *P. inornatus*  **LC**
			* Little pocket mouse, *P. longimembris*  **LC**
			(Pacific pocket mouse, *P. l. pacificus*: **E**)
			* Merriam's pocket mouse, *P. merriami*  **LC**
			* Columbia Plateau pocket mouse, *P. parvus*  **LC**
	+ Family: Dipodidae (jerboas)
		- Subfamily: Zapodinae
			* Woodland jumping mouse, *N. insignis*  **LC**
			* Meadow jumping mouse, *Z. hudsonius*  **LC**
			(Preble's meadow jumping mouse, *Z. h. preblei*: **T**)
			* Western jumping mouse, *Z. princeps*  **LC**
			* Pacific jumping mouse, *Z. trinotatus*  **LC**
	+ Family: Cricetidae
		- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
			* White-footed vole, *A. albipes*  **LC**
			* Red tree vole, *A. longicaudus*  **NT**
			* California red tree mouse, *A. pomo*  **NT**
			* Western red-backed vole, *C. californicus*  **LC**
			* Southern red-backed vole, *C. gapperi*  **LC**
			* Northern red-backed vole, *C. rutilus*  (Alaska only) **LC**
			* Northern collared lemming, *D. groenlandicus*  (Alaska only) **LC**
			* Nelson's collared lemming, *D. nelsoni*  (Alaska only) **LC**
			* Unalaska collared lemming, *D. unalascensis*  (Alaska only) **DD**
			* Sagebrush vole, *L. curtatus*  **LC**
			* North American brown lemming, *Lemmus trimucronatus*  (Alaska only) **LC**
			* Insular vole, *M. abbreviatus*  (Alaska only) **LC**
			* California vole, *M. californicus*  **LC** (ssp. *scirpen*: **E**)
			* Gray-tailed vole, *M. canicaudus*  **LC**
			* Rock vole, *M. chrotorrhinus*  **LC**
			* Western meadow vole, *M. drummondii*
			* Florida salt marsh vole, *M. dukecampbelli*  (*M. p. dukecampbelli*: **E**)
			* Long-tailed vole, *M. longicaudus*  **LC**
			* Mexican vole, *M. mexicanus*  **LC**
			(including *M. mogollonensis*: **LC**, ssp. *hualpaiensis*: **E**)) and:
				+ Mogollon vole, *M. mogollonensis*
			* Singing vole, *M. miurus*  (Alaska only) **LC**
			* Montane vole, *M. montanus*  **LC**
			* Prairie vole, *M. ochrogaster*  **LC**
			* Tundra vole, *M. oeconomus*  (Alaska only) **LC**
			* Creeping vole, *M. oregoni*  **LC**
			* Eastern meadow vole, *M. pennsylvanicus* **LC** (ssp. *breweri*: **VU**)
			* Woodland vole, *M. pinetorum*  **LC**
			* Water vole, *M. richardsoni*  **LC**
			* Townsend's vole, *M. townsendii*  **LC**
			* Taiga vole, *M. xanthognathus*  (Alaska only) **LC**
			* Round-tailed muskrat, *N. alleni*  **LC**
			* Muskrat, *O. zibethicus*  **LC**
			* Western heather vole, *P. intermedius*  **LC**
			* Eastern heather vole, *P. ungava*  **LC**
			* Northern bog lemming, *S. borealis*  **LC**
			* Southern bog lemming, *S. cooperi*  **LC**
		- Subfamily: Neotominae
			* Northern pygmy mouse, *B. taylori*  **LC**
			* White-throated woodrat, *N. albigula*  **LC**
			* Bryant's woodrat, *N. bryanti*  **LC**
			* Bushy-tailed woodrat, *N. cinerea*  **LC**
			* Arizona woodrat, *N. devia*  **LC**
			* Eastern woodrat, *N. floridana*  **LC** (Key Largo woodrat, *N. f. smalli*: **E**)
			* Dusky-footed woodrat, *N. fuscipes*  **LC** (ssp. *riparia*: **E**)
			* Desert woodrat, *N. lepida*  {{IUCN status|LC|14589}
			* White-toothed woodrat, *Nv leucodon*  **LC**
			* Big-eared woodrat, *N. macrotis*  **LC**
			* Allegheny woodrat, *N. magister*  **NT**
			* Mexican woodrat, *N. mexicana*  **LC**
			* Southern plains woodrat, *N. micropus*  **LC**
			* Stephen's woodrat, *N. stephensi*  **LC**
			* Golden mouse, *O. nuttalli*  **LC**
			* Texas mouse, *P. attwateri*  **LC**
			* Brush mouse, *P. boylii*  **LC**
			* California mouse, *P. californicus*  **LC**
			* Canyon mouse, *P. crinitus*  **LC**
			* Cactus mouse, *P. eremicus*  **LC**
			* Northern Baja deer mouse, *P. fraterculus*  **LC**
			* Cotton mouse, *P. gossypinus*  **LC** (ssp. *allapaticola*: **E**)
			* Gambel's deermouse, *P. gambelii* **NE**
			* Osgood's mouse, *P. gratus*  **LC**
			* Northwestern deer mouse, *P. keeni*  **LC**
			* southern white-ankled mouse, *P. pectoralis*  **LC**
			* Southern deermouse, *P. labecula* **NE**
			* White-footed mouse, *P. leucopus*  **LC**
			* Eastern deermouse, *P. maniculatus*  **LC**
			* Black-eared mouse, *P. melanotis*  **LC**
			* Mesquite mouse, *P. merriami*  **LC**
			* Northern rock mouse, *P. nasutus*  **LC**
			* Oldfield mouse, *P. polionotus*  **LC** (Choctawatchee beach mouse, *P. p. allophrys*, Perdido Key beach mouse, *P. p. trissyllepsis*, St. Andrews beach mouse, *P. p. peninsularis*, Alabama beach mouse, *P. p. ammobates* and Anastasia Island beach mouse, *P. p. phasma*: **E**, Southeastern beach mouse, *P. p. niveiventris*: **T**)
			* Western deermouse, *P. sonoriensis* **NE**
			* Pinyon mouse, *P. truei*  **LC**
			* Florida mouse, *P. floridanus*  **VU**
			* Fulvous harvest mouse, *R. fulvescens*  **LC**
			* Eastern harvest mouse, *R. humulis*  **LC**
			* Western harvest mouse, *R. megalotis*  **LC**
			* Plains harvest mouse, *R. montanus*  **LC**
			* Salt marsh harvest mouse, *R. raviventris*  **EN** **E**
		- Subfamily: Sigmodontinae
			* Chihuahuan grasshopper mouse, *O. arenicola*  **LC**
			* Northern grasshopper mouse, *O. leucogaster*  **LC**
			* Southern grasshopper mouse, *O. torridus*  **LC**
			* Coues' rice rat, *O. couesi*  **LC**
			* Common marsh rice rat, *O. palustris*  **LC** (ssp. *natator*: **E**)
			* Arizona cotton rat, *S. arizonae*  **LC**
			* Tawny-bellied cotton rat, *S. fulviventer*  **LC**
			* Hispid cotton rat, *S. hispidus*  **LC**
			* Yellow-nosed cotton rat, *S. ochrognathus*  **LC**

#### Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

* Family: Ochotonidae (pikas)
	+ Collared pika, *O. collaris*  (Alaska only) **LC**
	+ American pika, *O. princeps*  **LC**
* Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
	+ Pygmy rabbit, *B. idahoensis*  **LC** **E**
	+ Antelope jackrabbit, *L. alleni*  **LC**
	+ Snowshoe hare, *L. americanus*  **LC**
	+ Black-tailed jackrabbit, *L. californicus*  **LC**
	+ White-sided jackrabbit, *L. callotis*  **NT**
	+ Alaskan hare, *L. othus*  (Alaska only) **LC**
	+ White-tailed jackrabbit, *L. townsendii*  **LC**
	+ Swamp rabbit, *S. aquaticus*  **LC**
	+ Desert cottontail, *S. audubonii*  **LC**
	+ Brush rabbit, *S. bachmani*  **LC** (ssp. *riparius*: **E**)
	+ Eastern cottontail, *S. floridanus*  **LC**
	+ Robust cottontail, *S. holzneri*  **VU**
	+ Mountain cottontail, *S. nuttallii*  **LC**
	+ Appalachian cottontail, *S. obscurus*  **NT**
	+ Marsh rabbit, *S. palustris*  **LC** (Lower Keys marsh rabbit, *S. p. hefneri*: **E**)
	+ New England cottontail, *S. transitionalis*  **VU**

#### Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews, hedgehogs, moles, and solenodons)

Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice, hedgehogs carry spines, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

* Family: Soricidae (shrews)
	+ Subfamily: Soricinae
		- Tribe: Blarinini
			* Northern short-tailed shrew, *B. brevicauda*  **LC**
			* Southern short-tailed shrew, *B. carolinensis*  **LC** and:
				+ Sherman's short-tailed shrew, *B. shermani*
				+ Everglades short-tailed shrew, *B. peninsulae*
			* Elliot's short-tailed shrew, *B. hylophaga*  **LC**
			* North American least shrew, *C. parva*  **LC** and:
				+ Berlandier's least shrew, *C. berlandieri*
		- Tribe: Notiosoricini
			* Cockrum's gray shrew, *N. cockrumi*  **LC**
			* Crawford's gray shrew, *N. crawfordi*  **LC** and:
				+ Ticul's gray shrew, *N. tataticuli*
		- Tribe: Soricini
			* Glacier Bay water shrew, *S. alaskanus*  (Alaska only) **DD**
			* Arctic shrew, *S. arcticus*  **LC**
			* Arizona shrew, *S. arizonae*  **LC**
			* Baird's shrew, *S. bairdi*  **LC**
			* Marsh shrew, *S. bendirii*  **LC**
			* Cinereus shrew, *S. cinereus*  **LC** and:
				+ Maryland shrew, *S. cinereus fontinalis*
			* Long-tailed shrew, *S. dispar*  **LC** and:
				+ Gaspé shrew, *S. gaspensis*
			* Smoky shrew, *S. fumeus*  **LC**
			* Prairie shrew, *S. haydeni*  **LC**
			* American pygmy shrew, *S. hoyi*  **LC** and:
				+ Western pygmy shrew, *S. eximius*
			* Pribilof Island shrew, *S. pribilofensis*  (Alaska only) **EN**
			* Saint Lawrence Island shrew, *Sorex jacksoni*  (Alaska only) **LC**
			* Southeastern shrew, *S. longirostris*  **LC**
			* Mount Lyell shrew, *S. lyelli*  **LC**
			* Merriam's shrew, *S. merriami*  **LC**
			* Southern montane shrew, *S. monticolus*  **LC** and:
				+ Northern montane shrew, *S. obscurus*
			* Dwarf shrew, *S. nanus*  **LC**
			* New Mexico shrew, *S. neomexicanus*  **DD**
			* Ornate shrew, *S. ornatus*  **LC** (ssp. *relictus*: **E**)
			* Pacific shrew, *S. pacificus*  **LC**
			* American water shrew, *S. palustris*  **LC** and:
				+ Eastern water shrew, *S. albibarbis*
				+ Western water shrew, *S. navigator*
			* Preble's shrew, *S. preblei*  **LC**
			* Olympic shrew, *S. rohweri*  **LC** (formerly in *Sorex cinereus*)
			* Fog shrew, *S. sonomae*  **LC**
			* Inyo shrew, *S. tenellus*  **LC**
			* Trowbridge's shrew, *S. trowbridgii*  **LC**
			* Tundra shrew, *S. tundrensis*  (Alaska only) **LC**
			* Barren ground shrew, *S. ugyunak*  (Alaska only) **LC**
			* Vagrant shrew, *S. vagrans*  **LC**
			* Alaska tiny shrew, *S. yukonicus*  (Alaska only) **LC**
* Family: Talpidae (moles)
	+ Subfamily: Scalopinae
		- Tribe: Condylurini
			* Star-nosed mole, *C. cristata*  **LC**
		- Tribe: Scalopini
			* Hairy-tailed mole, *P. breweri*  **LC**
			* Eastern mole, *S. aquaticus*  **LC**
			* Broad-footed mole, *S. latimanus*  **LC**
			* Coast mole, *S. orarius*  **LC**
			* Townsend's mole, *S. townsendii*  **LC**
	+ Subfamily: Talpinae
		- Tribe: Neurotrichini
			* Shrew-mole, *N. gibbsii*  **LC**

#### Order: Chiroptera (bats)

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

* Family: Vespertilionidae
	+ Subfamily: Myotinae
		- Silver-haired bat, *L. noctivagans*  **LC**
		- Southwestern myotis, *M. auriculus*   **LC**
		- Southeastern myotis, *M. austroriparius*  **LC**
		- California myotis, *M. californicus*  **LC**
		- Western small-footed myotis, *M. ciliolabrum*  **LC**
		- Long-eared myotis, *M. evotis*  **LC**
		- Gray bat, *M. grisescens*  **NT** **E**
		- Keen's myotis, *M. keenii*  **LC**
		- Eastern small-footed myotis, *M. leibii*  **LC**
		- Little brown bat, *M. lucifugus*  **LC**
		- Dark-nosed small-footed myotis, *M. melanorhinus*  **LC**
		- Arizona myotis, *M. occultus*  **LC**
		- Northern long-eared myotis, *M. septentrionalis*  **LC**
		- Indiana bat, *M. sodalis*  **EN** **E**
		- Fringed myotis, *M. thysanodes*  **LC**
		- Cave myotis, *M. velifer*  **LC**
		- Long-legged myotis, *M. volans*  **LC**
		- Yuma myotis, *M. yumanensis*  **LC**
		- Insular myotis, *M. insularum*  (American Samoa only) **DD**
	+ Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
		- Pallid bat, *A. pallidus*  **LC**
		- Big brown bat, *E. fuscus*  **LC**
		- Spotted bat, *E. maculatum*  **LC**
		- Allen's big-eared bat, *I. phyllotis*  **LC**
		- Eastern red bat, *L. borealis*  **LC**
		- Hoary bat, *L. cinereus*  **LC** (Hawaiian hoary bat, *L. c. semotus*: **E**)
		- Southern yellow bat, *L. ega*  **LC**
		- Desert red bat, *L. frantzii*  - split from southern red bat, *Lasiurus blossevillii* **LC**
		- Northern yellow bat, *L. intermedius*  **LC**
		- Seminole bat, *L. seminolus*  **LC**
		- Western yellow bat, *L. xanthinus*  **LC**
		- Evening bat, *N. humeralis*  **LC**
		- Western pipistrelle, *P. hesperus*  **LC**
		- Eastern pipistrelle, *P. subflavus*  **LC**
		- Rafinesque's big-eared bat, *P. rafinesquii*  **LC**
		- Townsend's big-eared bat, *P. townsendii*  **LC**
		(ssp. *virginianus* and *ingens*: **E**)
* Family: Pteropodidae
	+ Subfamily: Pteropodinae
		- Mariana fruit bat, *P. mariannus*  (Guam and Mariana Islands only) **EN**
		- Insular flying fox, *P. tonganus*  (American Samoa only) **LC**
		- Guam flying fox, *P. tokudae*  (Guam only) **EX**
		- Samoa flying fox, *P. samoensis*  (American Samoa only) **NT**
* Family: Molossidae
	+ Wagner's bonneted bat, *E. glaucinus*  **LC**
	+ Florida bonneted bat, *E. floridanus*  **CR** **E** (formerly in *Eumops glaucinus*)
	+ Western mastiff bat, *E. perotis*  **LC**
	+ Underwood's bonneted bat, *E. underwoodi*  **LC**
	+ Velvety free-tailed bat, *M. molossus*  **LC**
	+ Pocketed free-tailed bat, *N. femorosaccus*  **LC**
	+ Big free-tailed bat, *N. macrotis*  **LC**
	+ Mexican free-tailed bat, *T. brasiliensis*  **LC**
* Family: Mormoopidae
	+ Ghost-faced bat, *M. megalophylla*  **LC**
* Family: Phyllostomidae
	+ Subfamily: Phyllostominae
		- California leaf-nosed bat, *M. californicus*  **LC**
	+ Subfamily: Glossophaginae
		- Mexican long-tongued bat, *C. mexicana*  **NT**
		- Lesser long-nosed bat, *L. yerbabuenae*  **VU** (*Leptonycteris curasoae yerbabuenae*: **E**)
		- Greater long-nosed bat, *L. nivalis*  **EN** **E**
	+ Subfamily: Stenodermatinae
		- Velvety fruit-eating bat, *E. hartii*  **LC**
	+ Subfamily: Desmodontinae
		- Hairy-legged vampire bat, *D. ecaudata*  **LC**
* Family: Emballonuridae
	+ Pacific sheath-tailed bat, *E. semicaudata*  (Guam and American Samoa only) **EN**

#### Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

* Suborder: Feliformia
	+ Family: Felidae (cats)
		- Jaguarundi, *H. yagouaroundi*  (Ex?) **LC**
		- Ocelot, *L. pardalis*  **LC** **E**
		- Margay, *L. wiedii*  (Ex?) **NT**
		- Canada lynx, *L. canadensis*  **LC** **T**
		- Bobcat, *L. rufus*  **LC**
		- Cougar, *P. concolor*  **LC** **T(S/A)**
		- Jaguar, *P. onca*  **NT** **E**
* Suborder: Caniformia
	+ Family: Canidae (dogs)
		- Coyote, *C. latrans*  **LC**
		- Gray wolf, *C. lupus*  **LC** **E** (and **XN**)
			* Arctic wolf, *C. l. arctos*  (Alaska only) **LC** **E** (and **XN**)
			* Red wolf, *C. l. rufus*  **CR** **E** (and **XN**)
			* Eastern wolf, *C. l. lycaon* **NE**
		- Gray fox, *U. cinereoargenteus*  **LC**
		- Island fox, *U. littoralis*  **NT**
		(ssp. *littoralis*, *catalinae*, *santarosae* and *santacruzae*: **E**)
		- Arctic fox, *V. lagopus*  (Alaska only) **LC**
		- Kit fox, *V. macrotis*  **LC** (ssp. *mutica*: **E**)
		- Swift fox, *V. velox*  **LC** (ssp. *hebes*: **E**)
		- Red fox, *V. vulpes*  **LC**
	+ Family: Ursidae (bears)
		- American black bear, *U. americanus*  **LC** **T(S/A)**
		(Louisiana black bear *U. a. luteolus*: **T**)
		- Brown bear, *U. arctos*  **LC**
		(includes grizzly bear, *Ursus arctos horribilis*: **T**, **XN**,
		Alaskan brown bear *Ursus arctos middendorffi*, also known as the Kodiak bear,
		 and *Ursus arctos californicus*†, the California grizzly bear **EX**)
		- Polar bear, *U. maritimus*  (Alaska only) **VU** **T**
	+ Family: Procyonidae (raccoons)
		- Ring-tailed cat, *B. astutus*  **LC**
		- White-nosed coati, *N. narica*  **LC**
		- Raccoon, *P. lotor*  **LC**
	+ Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
		- Sea otter, *E. lutris*  **EN** (ssp. *nereis* and *kenyoni*: **T**, ssp. *nereis* also **XN**)
		- Wolverine, *G. gulo*  **LC**
		- North American river otter, *L. canadensis*  **LC**
		- American marten, *M. americana*  **LC**
		- Pacific marten, *M. caurina* **NE**
		- Beringian ermine or stoat, *M. erminea*  **LC**
		- Haida ermine, *M. haidarum* **NE** (Alaska only)
		- Black-footed ferret, *M. nigripes*  **EN** **E** (and **XN**)
		- Least weasel, *M. nivalis*  **LC**
		- American ermine, *M. richardsonii* **NE**
		- Long-tailed weasel, *N. frenata*  **LC**
		- Sea mink, †*N. macrodon*  (E) **EX**
		- American mink, *N. vison*  **LC**
		- Fisher, *P. pennanti*  **LC**
		- American badger, *T. taxus*  **LC**
	+ Family: Otariidae (eared seals, sealions)
		- Guadalupe fur seal, *A. townsendi*  **NT** **T**
		- Northern fur seal, *C. ursinus*  **VU**
		- Steller sea lion, *E. jubatus*  **NT** **T**
		(except west of 144° W, where **E**) (ssp. *monteriensis*: **LC**)
		- California sea lion, *Z. californianus*  **LC**
	+ Family: Mephitidae
		- American hog-nosed skunk, *C. leuconotus*  **LC**
		- Hooded skunk, *M. macroura*  **LC**
		- Striped skunk, *M. mephitis*  **LC**
		- Western spotted skunk, *S. gracilis*  **LC**
		- Eastern spotted skunk, *S. putorius*  **LC**
	+ Family: Odobenidae
		- Walrus, *O. rosmarus*  (Alaska only) **DD**
	+ Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
		- Hooded seal, *C. cristata*  **VU**
		- Bearded seal, *E. barbatus*  **LC**
		- Gray seal, *H. grypus*  **LC**
		- Ribbon seal, *H. fasciata*  (Alaska almost only) **DD**
		- Northern elephant seal, *M. angustirostris*  **LC**
		- Hawaiian monk seal, *N. schauinslandi*  (Hawaiian Islands only) **CR** **E**
		- Caribbean monk seal, †*N. tropicalis*  (E) **EX**
		- Harp seal, *P. groenlandicus*  **LC**
		- Spotted seal, *P. largha*  (Alaska only) **DD** **T**
		- Harbor seal, *P. vitulina*  **LC**
		- Ringed seal, *P. hispida*  **LC**

#### Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

* Family: Tayassuidae (peccaries)
	+ Collared peccary, *D. tajacu*  **LC**
* Family: Cervidae (deer)
	+ Subfamily: Cervinae
		- Elk, *C. canadensis* **LC**
	+ Subfamily: Capreolinae
		- Moose, *A. alces* **LC**
		- Mule deer, *O. hemionus*  **LC**
		- White-tailed deer, *O. virginianus*  **LC** (Columbian white-tailed deer, *O. v. leucurus*, and key deer, *O. v. clavium*: **E**)
		- Caribou, *R. tarandus* (Alaska only)  **VU**
		(includes migratory woodland caribou, *R. t. caribou*: **E**,
		see also: barren-ground caribou, *R. t. groenlandicus*)
* Family: Antilocapridae (pronghorn)
	+ Pronghorn, *A. americana*  **LC** (Sonoran pronghorn, *A. a. sonoriensis*: **E**)
* Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
	+ Subfamily: Bovinae
		- American bison, *B. bison*  **NT** (wood bison, *B. b. athabascae*: **T**)
	+ Subfamily: Caprinae
		- Mountain goat, *O. americanus*  **LC**
		- Muskox, *O. moschatus*  (Alaska only) **LC**
		- Bighorn sheep, *O. canadensis*  **LC** (desert bighorn sheep, *O. c. nelsoni* and Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep, *O. c. sierrae*: **E**)
		- Dall sheep, *O. dalli*  (Alaska only) **LC**

#### Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)

Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands.

* Family: Dugongidae
	+ Dugong, *D. dugon*  (Northern Mariana Islands only) **VU** **E**
	+ Steller's sea cow, †*H. gigas* (Alaska only)  (E) **EX**
* Family: Trichechidae
	+ West Indian manatee, *T. manatus*  **VU** **E**
	(Antillean or Caribbean manatee: **EN**, ssp. *latirostris* - Florida manatee: **EN**)

#### Order: Cetacea (whales)

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

* Suborder: Mysticeti
	+ Family: Balaenidae
		- Bowhead whale, *B. mysticetus*  (Alaska almost only) **LC** (Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Sea subpopulation: **LC**)
		- North Atlantic right whale, *E. glacialis*  **EN** **E**
		- North Pacific right whale, *E. japonica*  (A) (Hawaiian Islands only) **EN** **E**
		(Northeast Pacific subpopulation: **CR**)
	+ Family: Balaenopteridae
		- Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
			* Common minke whale, *B. acutorostrata*  **LC**
			* Sei whale, *B. borealis*  **EN** **E**
			* Bryde's whale, *B. edeni*  (A) **DD**
			* Blue whale, *B. musculus*  **EN** **E** (ssp. *brevicauda* - pygmy blue whale: **DD**, ssp. *musculus* North Pacific stock: **LR/cd**)
			* Fin whale, *B. physalus*  **EN** **E**
			* Rice's whale, *B. ricei*  **CR** **E**
		- Subfamily: Megapterinae
			* Humpback whale, *M. novaeangliae*  **LC** **E**
	+ Family: Eschrichtiidae
		- Gray whale, *E. robustus*  **LC** **E**
* Suborder: Odontoceti
	+ Superfamily: Platanistoidea
		- Family: Monodontidae
			* Beluga, *D. leucas*  **NT** **E** (Cook Inlet subpopulation: **CR**)
			* Narwhal, *M. monoceros*  (Alaska only) **NT**
		- Family: Phocoenidae
			* Harbour porpoise, *P. phocoena*  **LC**
			* Dall's porpoise, *P. dalli*  **LC**
		- Family: Physeteridae
			* Sperm whale, *P. macrocephalus*  **VU** **E**
		- Family: Kogiidae
			* Pygmy sperm whale, *K. breviceps*  **DD**
			* Dwarf sperm whale, *K. sima*  (Hawaiian Islands only) **DD**
		- Family: Ziphiidae
			* Subfamily: Ziphiinae
				+ Cuvier's beaked whale, *Z. cavirostris*  **LC**
			* Subfamily: Berardiinae
				+ Baird's beaked whale, *B. bairdii*  **DD** (collective name for two species - Baird's beaked whale and Arnoux's beaked whale)
			* Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
				+ Northern bottlenose whale, *H. ampullatus*  **DD**
				+ Tropical bottlenose whale, *I. pacificus*  (Hawaiian Islands only) **DD**
				+ Sowerby's beaked whale, *M. bidens*  **DD**
				+ Hubbs' beaked whale, *M. carlhubbsi*  **DD**
				+ Blainville's beaked whale, *M. densirostris*  **DD**
				+ Gervais' beaked whale, *M. europaeus*  **DD**
				+ Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale, *M. ginkgodens*  **DD**
				+ Hector's beaked whale, *M. hectori*  (A) **DD**
				+ True's beaked whale, *M. mirus*  **DD**
				+ Perrin's beaked whale, *M. perrini*  **DD**
				+ Pygmy beaked whale, *M. peruvianus*  (A) **DD**
				+ Stejneger's beaked whale, *M. stejnegeri*  **DD**
		- Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
			* Long-beaked common dolphin, *D. capensis* **DD**
			* Short-beaked common dolphin, *D. delphis*  **LC**
			* Pygmy killer whale, *F. attenuata*  **DD**
			* Short-finned pilot whale, *G. macrorhynchus*  **DD**
			* Long-finned pilot whale, *G. melas*  **DD**
			* Risso's dolphin, *G. griseus*  **LC**
			* Fraser's dolphin, *L. hosei*  **LC**
			* Atlantic white-sided dolphin, *L. acutus*  **LC**
			* White-beaked dolphin, *L. albirostris* **LC**
			* Northern right whale dolphin, *L. borealis*  **LC**
			* Killer whale, *O. orca*  **DD** **E**
			* Melon-headed whale, *P. electra* **LC**
			* False killer whale, *P. crassidens*  **DD**
			* Pantropical spotted dolphin, *S. attenuata*  **LC**
			* Clymene dolphin, *S. clymene* **DD**
			* Striped dolphin, *S. coeruleoalba*  **LC**
			* Atlantic spotted dolphin, *S. frontalis* **DD**
			* Spinner dolphin, *S. longirostris*  **DD**
			* Rough-toothed dolphin, *S. bredanensis*  **LC**
			* Pacific white-sided dolphin, *S. obliquidens*  **LC**
			* Common bottlenose dolphin, *T. truncatus*  **LC**

## Introduced animals

* Family: Myocastoridae
	+ Coypu, *M. coypus*  (I) **LC**
* Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
	+ Mexican gray squirrel, *S. aureogaster*  (I) **LC**
* Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
	+ Subfamily: Murinae
		- House mouse, *M. musculus*  (I) **LC**
		- Polynesian rat, *R. exulans*  (I) (Hawaiian Islands only) **LC**
		- Brown rat, *R. norvegicus*  (I) **LC**
		- Roof rat, *R. rattus*  (I) **LC**
* Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
	+ Cape hare, *L. capensis*  (I) **LC**
	+ European hare, *L. europaeus*  (I) **LC**
	+ European rabbit, *O. cuniculus*  (I) (Hawaiian Islands only) (I) **EN**
* Family: Cebidae (capuchin and squirrel monkeys)
	+ Common squirrel monkey, *S. sciureus*  (I) **LC**
* Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
	+ Vervet monkey, *C. pygerythrus*  (I) **LC**
	+ Japanese macaque, *M. fuscata*  (I) **LC** **T**
	+ Rhesus monkey, *M. mulatta*  (I) **LC**
* Family: Herpestidae (mongoose)
	+ Small Indian mongoose  *U. auropunctata* (I) (Hawaiian Islands only) **LC**
* Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
	+ Beech marten, *M. foina*  (I) **LC**
* Family: Suidae (pigs)
	+ Wild boar, *S. scrofa*  (I) **LC**
* Family: Cervidae (deer)
	+ Chital, *A. axis*  (I) **LC**
	+ Indian hog deer, *A. porcinus*  (I) **EN**
	+ Red deer, *C. elaphus*  (I) **LC**
	+ Sika, *C. nippon*  (I) **LC**
	+ European fallow deer, *D. dama*  (I) **LC**
	+ Sambar, *R. unicolor*  (I) **VU**
* Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
	+ Subfamily: Bovinae
		- Nilgai, *B. tragocamelus*  (I) **LC**
	+ Subfamily: Hippotraginae
		- Gemsbok, *O. gazella*  (I) **LC**
	+ Subfamily: Caprinae
		- Barbary sheep, *A. lervia*  (I) **VU**
		- Bezoar ibex, *C. a. aegagrus*  (I) **LC**
		- Siberian ibex, *C. sibirica*  (I) **NT**
		- Himalayan tahr, *H. jemlahicus*  (I) **NT**
	+ Subfamily: Antilopinae
		- Blackbuck, *A. cervicapra*  (I) **NT**

## See also

* List of mammals of North America
* List of threatened mammals of the United States
* List of chordate orders
* Lists of mammals by region
* Mammal classification

## Notes

Kays & Wilson 2002, North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
2. ↑ Virginia opossum, *Didelphis virginiana*: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - as opossum *D. marsupialis* (merged Mexican *D. marsupialis* and *D. virginiana*).
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), Kays & Wilson 2002, North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
4. ↑ Mexican fox squirrel, *Sciurus nayaritensis*: Kays & Wilson 2002, North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - only as Apache fox squirrel *S. apache*.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 Kays & Wilson 2002, North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - described as the nominative species and 1 or 2 additional distinct species.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Mammal Species of the World (MSW3) and IUCN Red List, also probably North American Mammals NMNH SI - *Dipodomys elephantinus* merged with *D. venustus* as *D. venustus elephantinus*.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), Kays & Wilson 2002.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
9. ↑ Northern collared lemming, *Dicrostonyx groenlandicus*: Kays & Wilson 2002, North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3) IUCN Red List.
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), - described separately as the nominative species but merged with *D. exsul*.
10. ↑ Nelson's collared lemming, *Dicrostonyx nelsoni*: Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), - mentioned only in the description of *D. groenlandicus* as possible split (*D. exsul*).
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.9 Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Mexican vole, *Microtus mexicanus*:
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List - *M. mexicanus*.
Kays & Wilson 2002 - only *M. mogollonensis*.
North American Mammals NMNH SI - *M. mexicanus* listed, but only *M. mexicanus mogollensis* (Arizona and New Mexico) described in "Mexican Vole (*Microtus mexicanus*)" chapter.
IUCN Red List - *M. mexicanus* sometimes split in two species: *M. mexicanus* and *M. mogollonensis*.
12 subspecies are recognized, 4 occur in the USA (1991), Hualapai Mexican vole *M. m. hualpaiensis* is listed as endangered (E) under the Endangered Species Act.
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 North American Mammals NMNH SI, IUCN Red List.
14. ↑ Northern rock mouse, *Peromyscus nasutus*: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - mentioned only in the description of Zacatecan deer mouse, *Peromyscus difficilis*, that *P. difficilis* was formerly known as *P. nasuts*, so range is not clear because these species are merged here.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - described separately as the nominative species but probably merged with another species.
16. ↑ Long-tailed Shrew *Sorex dispar*: IUCN Red List.

Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), Kays & Wilson 2002, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), North American Mammals NMNH SI - as 2 distinct species: longtail/long-tailed shrew *S. dispar* and Gaspé shrew *S. gaspensis*.
17. ↑ Gaspé shrew *Sorex gaspensis*: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), Kays & Wilson 2002, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), North American Mammals NMNH SI
18. ↑ Southwestern myotis, *Myotis auriculus*: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - mentioned only in the description of long-eared myotis, *M. evotis*, as possible split, occurring in southern N. Mexico.
19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
20. ↑ 20.00 20.01 20.02 20.03 20.04 20.05 20.06 20.07 20.08 20.09 20.10 20.11 20.12 20.13 20.14 20.15 20.16 20.17 20.18 20.19 20.20 20.21 20.22 20.23 20.24 20.25 20.26 20.27 20.28 20.29 20.30 20.31 20.32 20.33 20.34 20.35 20.36 20.37 20.38 Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), Kays & Wilson 2002, North American Mammals NMNH SI, IUCN Red List.
21. ↑ Velvety Free-tailed Bat: North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
Kays & Wilson 2002 - it is believed that colonies found in buildings in the Florida Keys were members of *Molossidae*.
22. ↑ Lesser long-nosed bat, *Leptonycteris yerbabuenae*: Kays & Wilson 2002, North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - mentioned only in the description of *L. nivalis* under the junior synonym *L. sanborni* as possible split, so range is not clear here.
23. ↑ Margay: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), Mammal Species of the World (MSW3).
Kays & Wilson 2002: last record in Texas from 1852.
24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), IUCN Red List.
25. ↑ Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), Kays & Wilson 2002, North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3).
26. ↑ Red fox, *Vulpes vulpes*: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - as North American *V. fulva* distinct from the Old World species *V. vulpes*.
27. ↑ Brown bear, *Ursus arctos*: Kays & Wilson 2002, North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - as 2 distinct species: grizzly bear, *U. horribilis* and Kodiak bear, *U. middendorffi*, also distinct from the "worldwide" species *U. arctos*.
28. ↑ Wolverine, *Gulo gulo*: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - as North American *G. luscus* distinct from the Old World species *G. gulo*.
29. ↑ Least weasel, *Mustela nivalis*: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - as North American *M. rixosa* distinct from the Old World species *M. nivalis*.
30. ↑ Guadalupe fur seal, *Arctocephalus townsendi*: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - as Guadalupe fur seal *A. philippi*, formerly *A. townsendi*.
31. ↑ American hog-nosed skunk, *Conepatus leuconotus*: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
Kays & Wilson 2002 - as 2 distinct species: eastern hog-nosed skunk *C. leuconotus* and western hog-nosed skunk *C. mesoleucus*.
32. ↑ Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), Kays & Wilson 2002, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
34. ↑ Caribou, *Rangifer tarandus*: Kays & Wilson 2002, North American Mammals NMNH SI, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - as 3 distinct species: woodland caribou, *R. caribou*, barren-ground caribou, *R. arcticus* and Greenland caribou *R. tarandus*.
35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - only general range description.
36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 Kays & Wilson 2002, IUCN Red List.
37. ↑ pygmy beaked whale: Kays & Wilson 2002: one record in North America, Division of Mammals Collections NMNH SI: two strandings in California (2001 and 2012).
38. ↑ Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), Kays & Wilson 2002, IUCN Red List.
39. ↑ House Mouse: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide), Kays & Wilson 2002, IUCN Red List.
Mammal Species of the World (MSW3) - only general range description.
40. ↑ Polynesian rat
41. ↑ European Rabbit: & Wilson 2002 - range not clear (islands on Pacific Coast).
Introduced to Hawaii.
42. ↑ *Sus scrofa*: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide) - Wild Boar (Swine), Kays & Wilson 2002 - Wild Boar, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3) - Wild boar - feral populations, IUCN Red List - Wild boar - introduced (USA), Baker et al. 2003 (North America north of Mexico) - feral pig or wild boar.
43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 43.4 43.5 Kays & Wilson 2002, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3), IUCN Red List.
44. ↑ Chital - free-ranging.
45. ↑ Red deer, *elaphus* division (not *canadensis* division) - introduced i.e. to USA.
46. ↑ Sambar - free ranging.
47. ↑ Nilgai - semi-free-ranging/free-ranging.
48. ↑ Gemsbok - free ranging.
49. ↑ Barbary Sheep - free ranging.
50. ↑ Bezoar ibex - free-ranging: Florida Mountains near Deming New Mexico.
51. ↑ Blackbuck - free ranging.

* Species listed in Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition (MSW3) as occurring in the USA, but omitted in this article: *Pteronotus pristinus* - possibly Florida.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Retrieved March 5, 2014.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Title 50: Wildlife and Fisheries, § 17.11 Endangered and threatened wildlife". US Government Printing Office. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 Kays, Roland W.; Wilson, Don E. (2002). *Mammals of North America*. Illustrated by Sandra Doyle, Nancy Halliday, Ron Klingner, Elizabeth McClelland, Consie Powell, Wendy Smith, Todd Zalewski, Diane Gibbons, Susan C. Morse, Jesse Guertin. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-07012-1.
4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 "North American Mammals". Smithsonian Institution. National Museum of Natural History. Retrieved April 1, 2014. This site is based on The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals, by Don E. Wilson and Sue Ruff (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1999) and Mammals of North America, by Roland W. Kays and Don E. Wilson (Princeton University Press, 2002).  Downloaded on March 25, 2014
5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.24 5.25 5.26 \* Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). *Mammal Species of the World* (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20 6.21 6.22 6.23 6.24 6.25 6.26 6.27 6.28 6.29 6.30 6.31 6.32 "Search Results: Mammalia USA 2014-03-29". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2*. IUCN. 2013. Retrieved April 1, 2014. Search terms Search by taxonomy: MAMMALIA, Search by location: United States, (Native, Introduced, Vagrant, Uncertain), Refinements : [X] Show regional assessments:, Taxa to show: Species, Subspecies and varieties, Stocks and subpopulation). Downloaded on 29 March 2014
7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 7.24 7.25 7.26 7.27 7.28 7.29 7.30 7.31 Burt, William Henry (Text and Maps); Grossenheider, Richard Philip (Illustrations) (1976). *A Field Guide to the Mammals. North America north of Mexico*. Peterson Field Guides (Third ed.). Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-91098-6.
8. ↑ Turvey, S.T.; Dávalos, L. (2018). "*Isolobodon portoricensis*". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2018**: e.T10860A22186876.
9. ↑ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 9.16 "Mammal Diversity Database. (2020). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.2) [Data set]. Zenodo". 2020. doi:10.5281/zenodo.4139818. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
10. ↑ Yensen, E. 2019. *Urocitellus mollis . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019*: e.T116989381A116989399. Downloaded on 12 December 2019.
11. ↑ Yensen, E. 2019. *Urocitellus nancyae . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019*: e.T116989724A116989738. Downloaded on 12 December 2019.
12. ↑ Álvarez-Casta?eda, S.T.; Reid, F. (2008). "Microtus mexicanus". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2008**. Retrieved April 2, 2014. old-form url
13. ↑ Musser, G.G.; Carleton, M.D. (2005). "*Microtus (See comments.) mexicanus*". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. *Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference* (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 894–1531. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (1991). *Hualpai Mexican Vole Recovery Plan* (PDF). Albuquerque, New Mexico. pp. 28 pp. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
15. ↑ Álvarez-Castañeda, S.T., Lacher, T. & Vázquez, E. (2017). "Neotoma bryanti". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2017**: e.T117189944A22371413. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T117189944A22371413.en . CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
16. ↑ Whitaker, John O.; Hamilton, William John (June 28, 1998). *Mammals of the Eastern United States* (3rd ed.). Cornell University Press. ISBN 9780801434754. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
17. ↑ Hutterer, R. (2005). "*Sorex (Otisorex) cinereus*". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. *Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference* (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 220–311. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
18. ↑ Helgen, K.; Bonaccorso, F.J. (2020). "*Myotis insularum*". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2020**: e.T14169A22055968.
19. ↑ Mildenstein, T. (2020). "*Pteropus mariannus*". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2020**: e.T188566753A22083400.
20. ↑ Lavery, T.H.; Scanlon, A.; Helgen, K.; Hamilton, S. (2020). "*Pteropus tonganus*". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2020**: e.T18764A22088495.
21. ↑ Bonaccorso, F.; Helgen, K.; Allison, A.; Wiles, G. (2008). "*Pteropus tokudae*". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2008**: e.T18763A8585073.
22. ↑ Brooke, A.; Wiles, G. (2008). "*Pteropus samoensis*". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2008**: e.T18757A8571276.
23. ↑ Simmons, N.B. (2005). "*Leptonycteris yerbabuenae*". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. *Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference* (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 312–529. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
24. ↑ Bonaccorso, F. & Allison, A. (2008). "*Emballonura semicaudata*". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2008**: e.T7669A12841889. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T7669A12841889.en. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
25. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `MPS`
26. ↑ Corkeron, P.; Reeves, R.; Rosel, P. (2017). "*Balaenoptera edeni* (Gulf of Mexico subpopulation)". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2017**: e.T117636167A117636174.
27. ↑ Taylor, B.L.; Baird, R.; Barlow, J.; Dawson, S.M.; Ford, J.; Mead, J.G.; Notarbartolo di Sciara, G.; Wade, P.; Pitman, R.L. (2008). "Indopacetus pacificus". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2008**: e.T40635A10345818. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T40635A10345818.en .
28. ↑ "Search the Division of Mammals Collections". Keywords: Mesoplodon peruvianus: STR 13453 Stranding, Skull, Salinas State Beach, Monterey Bay, California, 2001, STR 18334: Stranding, Photograph, Arcata, Humboldt County, California, 2012
29. ↑ Ruedas, L.; Heaney, L.; Molur, S. (2008). "Rattus exulans". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2008**. Retrieved March 13, 2014. old-form url
30. ↑ Williams, J. Morgan (1973). "The Ecology of Rattus exulans (Peale) Reviewed" (PDF). *Pacific Science*. University of Hawaii Press. **27** (2): 120–127. ISSN 0030-8870.
31. ↑ Bloggs, Fred (2011). "The history of mammal eradications in Hawai`i and the United States associated islands of the Central Pacific". In Veitch, C. R; Clout, M. N; Towns, D. R. *Island invasives: eradication and management* (PDF). Study authors S. C. Hess and J. D. Jacobi. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. pp. 67–73. Retrieved April 8, 2014.
32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 *The Illustrated Encyclopedia Of North American Mammals: A Comprehensive Guide To Mammals Of North America*. Mobi Reference. MobileReference. January 7, 2010. ISBN 9781605012797. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
33. ↑ Robert J. Baker; Lisa C. Bradley; Robert D. Bradley; Jerry W. Dragoo; Mark D. Engstrom; Robert S. Hoffmann; Cheri A. Jones; Fiona Reid; Dale W. Rice; Clyde Jones (December 1, 2003). "Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 2003" (PDF). *Occasional Papers*. Museum of Texas Tech University (229). ISSN 0149-175X. Retrieved March 9, 2014.
34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 EXOTICS IN TEXAS by: Max Traweek and Roy Welch. April 1992. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Reproduced From PWD-BK-W7000-206 5/92
35. ↑ Timmins, R.; Duckworth, J.W.; Samba Kumar, N.; Anwarul Islam, M.; Sagar Baral, H.; Long, B.; Maxwell, A. (2012). "*Axis porcinus*". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2012**. Retrieved April 4, 2014. old-form url
36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 36.4 36.5 Bowers, Nora; Bowers, Rick; Kaufmann, Kenn (2004). *Mammals of North America*. Kaufman focus guides. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 168. ISBN 0-618-15313-6. Retrieved April 4, 2014.
37. ↑ Whitford, Walter G. (April 2002). *Ecology of Desert Systems* (1st ed.). Elsevier Science. ISBN 9780127472614. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 Deal, Kevin (2010). *Wildlife and Natural Resource Management* (3rd ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN 1-4354-5401-4. Retrieved April 5, 2014.
39. ↑ Fedosenko, A. K.; Blank, D. A. (26 December 2001). "*Capra sibirica*". *Mammalian Species* (675): 1–13. doi:10.2307/0.675.1 .
40. ↑ Ale, S.B.; Sathyakumar, S.; Forsyth, D.M.; Lingyun, X.; Bhatnagar, Y.V. (2020). "*Hemitragus jemlahicus*". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2020**: e.T9919A22152905.
41. ↑ "Blackbuck - North America Introduced". *Big Game Hunting Records - Safari Club International Online Record Book*. Safari Club International. 2007–2014. Retrieved April 5, 2014.

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## Further reading

* Kays, Roland W.; Wilson, Don E. (2002). *Mammals of North America*. Illustrated by Sandra Doyle, Nancy Halliday, Ron Klingner, Elizabeth McClelland, Consie Powell, Wendy Smith, Todd Zalewski, Diane Gibbons, Susan C. Morse, Jesse Guertin. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-07012-1.
* Burt, William Henry (Text and Maps); Grossenheider, Richard Philip (Illustrations) (1976). *A Field Guide to the Mammals. North America north of Mexico*. Peterson Field Guides (Third ed.). Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-91098-6.
* Robert J. Baker; Lisa C. Bradley; Robert D. Bradley; Jerry W. Dragoo; Mark D. Engstrom; Robert S. Hoffmann; Cheri A. Jones; Fiona Reid; Dale W. Rice; Clyde Jones (December 1, 2003). "Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 2003" (PDF). *Occasional Papers*. Museum of Texas Tech University (229). ISSN 0149-175X. Retrieved March 9, 2014.

## External links

* American Society of Mammalogists
* Databases: Division of Mammals: Department of Vertebrate Zoology: NMNH - i.e. printable Field Guide to mammals of North America
* Search the Division of Mammals Collections - National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
* Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition (MSW3) - database of mammalian taxonomy
* IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (Search results: mammalia, USA, 2014-03-29)
* Endangered Species Program - US Fish & Wildlife Service
* Species Search - US Fish & Wildlife Service
* Endangered Species Act - National Marine Fisheries Service - NOAA
* List of Endangered and threatened wildlife - US Government Printing Office