1990 Commonwealth Games

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The **1990 Commonwealth Games** were held in Auckland, New Zealand from 24 January – 3 February 1990. It was the 14th Commonwealth Games, and part of New Zealand's 1990 sesquicentennial celebrations. Participants competed in ten sports: athletics, aquatics, badminton, boxing, cycling, gymnastics, judo, lawn bowls, shooting and weightlifting. The Triathlon was a demonstration event.

The main venue was the Mount Smart Stadium. The Games were awarded to Auckland 27 July 1984 at the Los Angeles Summer Olympics. Perth, Australia, had withdrawn from the bid contest leaving New Delhi, India, as the sole opponent to Auckland's bid.

## Opening ceremony

The opening of the games comprised a variety of events, including the arrival of The Queen's representative The Prince Edward (her youngest son), the arrival of the Queen's Baton and many Māori ceremonial stories.

The opening ceremony itself started off with the Auckland Commonwealth Games Choir singing the *Song of Welcome*. Upon the arrival of The Prince Edward, the Māori in attendance, gave him a *Challenge of a welcome*. This is conducted by a Māori placing a wooden batton on the ground. To see if the visitor comes in peace or not, the visitor must pick it up.

The New Zealand national anthem "God Defend New Zealand" was sung during a ceremonial fourteen gun salute from nearby One Tree Hill. This was followed by the New Zealand Army Guard Commander allowing The Prince Edward to inspect the guard of honour. After which was the introduction of the participating countries of the Commonwealth. During the introduction of the countries, the choir at attendance would display the flag of the announced country with boards.

When all the athletes finally sat down, the main Māori ceremonies began. First of the Māori ceremonies was all the Māori women performing a "Song of Welcome" for the athletes with the use of Poi. The Māori women then gave some of the athletes a Hongi. Next was the Māori story of how New Zealand was formed, performed by many New Zealanders and organised by Logan Brewer. It involved a narration of how the Polynesians found their way to what was to become New Zealand. In the middle of the performance, a re-enactment was performed of how New Zealand was formed between Rangi and Papa (the sky father and earth mother). The story then moved on to the coming of religion and European migration. This was demonstrated with a formation of the Union Jack, to show the colonisation by the British. Dame Whina Cooper then made a speech about the Treaty of Waitangi signed in 1840 that brought about peace and stability of modern New Zealand.

Introduction of the European communities was next with music and native European dancing from Scotland, Ireland, Austria, Wales and England. From here, many of the neighbouring Pacific Islanders made their entrance with the rhythmic tempo of the Pacific Island drum beat. This was to show the then complete migration of people to New Zealand.

New Zealand performer Howard Morrison then lead New Zealand in singing the folk song Tukua-a-hau. After Howard Morrison, the Queen's Baton arrived at the stadium where The Prince Edward announced the opening of the games which was followed by the *Athletes Pledge*.

Fireworks followed and was capped off with a night time flyover by nine A-4 Skyhawk jets of the Royal New Zealand Air Forces 75 Squadron. The ceremony was concluded by the singing of the game's motto "This is the moment" as performers and athletes exited the stadium.

## Closing ceremony

A more relaxed affair was held for the 14th Commonwealth Games closing ceremony, reflecting that of Christchurch in 1974. Attended by HM The Queen of New Zealand, formality and respect played their due part in the beginning with formal salute and the acceptance of the Commonwealth Games flag to the next host city, Victoria, Canada. This was followed by a First Nations and modern Canadian dancing display.

Then the fun began with thousands of children entering the stadium with a mass jumprope demonstration, followed by the athletes themselves. The Queen then made the traditional closing speech and called for all the Commonwealth's athletes to assemble in four years time in Victoria. As the evening wore on, opera singer Dame Kiri Te Kanawa sang "Now is the Hour", a favorite New Zealand hymn, as the Royal New Zealand Air Force's A4 Skyhawks made one final swooping flyover of Mount Smart Stadium followed by fireworks. The Queen, Duke of Edinburgh, and Prince Edward then exited the stadium standing in open top vehicles.

## Mascot

 File:Auckland1990mascot.png
The mascot of the games was Goldie, representing New Zealand's national symbol the kiwi bird.

## Participating teams

 File:Commonwealth games 1990 countries map.PNG
55 teams were represented at the 1990 Games.
(Teams competing for the first time are shown in **bold**).

* Australia
* Bahamas
* File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh
* File:Flag of Barbados.svg.png Barbados
* File:Flag of Bermuda.svg Bermuda
* File:Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana
* **File:Flag of the British Virgin Islands.svg.png British Virgin Islands**
* **File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei**
* Canada
* File:Flag of the Cayman Islands (pre-1999).svg Cayman Islands
* File:Flag of the Cook Islands.svg Cook Islands
* File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus
* England
* File:Flag of the Falkland Islands (1948–1999).svg Falkland Islands
* Ghana
* File:Flag of Gibraltar.svg Gibraltar
* File:Flag of Guernsey.svg Guernsey
* File:Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana
* File:Flag of Hong Kong 1959.svg.png Hong Kong
* India
* File:Flag of the Isle of Man.svg Isle of Man
* File:Flag of Jamaica.svg.png Jamaica

* File:Flag of Jersey.svg Jersey
* File:Flag of Kenya.svg.png Kenya
* File:Flag of Lesotho (1987-2006).svg Lesotho
* Malawi
* File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia
* File:Flag of Maldives.svg Maldives
* File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta
* File:Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius
* **File:Flag of Nauru.svg Nauru**
* New Zealand
* Nigeria
* File:Flag of Norfolk Island.svg Norfolk Island
* Northern Ireland
* Pakistan
* File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg.png Papua New Guinea
* File:Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Scotland
* **File:Flag of Seychelles (1977–1996).svg Seychelles**
* Sierra Leone
* File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore
* File:Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg Solomon Islands
* File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka
* File:Flag of Eswatini.svg Swaziland
* File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania
* Template:Country data The Gambia
* File:Flag of Tonga.svg Tonga
* File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago
* Uganda
* File:Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu
* Wales
* Template:Country data Western Samoa
* File:Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia
* File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe

## Medals by country

This is the full table of the **medal count** of the **1990 Commonwealth Games**. These rankings sort by the number of gold medals earned by a country. The number of silvers is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze. If, after the above, countries are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically. This follows the system used by the IOC, IAAF and BBC.

Figures from Commonwealth Games Foundation website.

## Medals by event

* At these games, the Triathlon was a demonstration event; won by Erin Baker (women) and Rick Wells (men), both from New Zealand.

### Aquatics

Main article: Aquatics at the 1990 Commonwealth Games
### Athletics

Main article: Athletics at the 1990 Commonwealth Games
### Badminton

Main article: Badminton at the 1990 Commonwealth Games
### Bowls

Main article: Bowls at the 1990 Commonwealth Games
### Boxing

Main article: Boxing at the 1990 Commonwealth Games

## References

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The Bateman New Zealand Encyclopedia

1. ↑ Past Commonwealth Games Commonwealth Games Federation

## External links

* Commonwealth Games Official Site

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Template:Commonwealth Games Associations at the 1990 Commonwealth Games
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