recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Gerard Djokovic

**Gerard Matthew Djokovic** was born on April 14, 1959, in Jacksonville, Florida.

## Family

* Melinda Djokovic (*wife*)
* Aaryn Djokovic (*daughter*)
* Abigail Djokovic (*daughter*)
* Adeline Djokovic (*daughter*)
* Alexia Djokovic (*daughter*)
* Ariana Djokovic (*daughter*)

## Powers and Abilities

**Mind Possession:** Gerard has the ability to project his consciousness into the mind of another, overriding that consciousness to put him in control of the body. While doing this, the person whose body he has taken control of can see and experience everything that is going on, they just have no control of what they do or say. They can attempt to fight Gerard's consciousness, although this tends to not end well as fighting his consciousness can put the physical body into a coma, trapping both minds within the body.
Collin Mariucci

**Collin Dennis Mariucci** was born on March 14, 1998, in Baltimore, Maryland.

## Family

* Terence Mariucci (*father*)
* Danielle Mariucci (*mother*)
* Cassidy Mariucci (*older sister*)

## Powers and Abilities

**Kinetic Energy Manipulation:** Mariucci has the ability to charge an object with kinetic energy by converting the potential energy within an object into kinetic energy. Once charged, he can throw the object, and it will explode upon physical impact with any solid matter. Although he can charge any kind of non-organic matter, it is much easier for him to charge smaller objects than large ones, so he typically carries a set of different types of blades with him that he uses for this purpose.
Michelle VanRite

**Michelle Ann VanRite** was born on November 19, 1974, in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

## Family

* Jeffrey VanRite (*father, deceased*)
* Ruth VanRite (*mother*)
* Tracy Zachary (*older sister*)
* Bruno Zachary (*brother-in-law*)
* Tara Rathburn (*niece*)
* Kaitlin Rathburn (*niece*)
* Brady Rathburn (*nephew*)
* Brandon Rathburn (*nephew-in-law*)
* Nathan Rathburn (*great nephew*)
* Sawyer Rathburn (*great nephew*)
* Amara Rathburn (*great niece*)

## Powers and Abilities

**Freezing:** Michelle has the ability to reduce the temperature of matter so as to cause it to freeze. She can cause the rapid temperature drop almost instantly, causing most objects to freeze within seconds. She can also use this ability on organic matter, such as animals, plants, and other people. However, when used on organic matter, this ability is instantly lethal. The only major limitation to this ability is that she requires physical contact with whatever she wants to freeze in order to actually freeze it.
McKenzie Gates

**McKenzie Alyssa Gates** was born on November 4, 2008, in Beverly Hills, California.

## Family

* Daniel Gates (*estranged paternal grandfather*)
* Lauretta Gates (*paternal grandmother*)
* Chad Gates (*father*)
* Jessica Gates (*mother*)
* Aliyah Gates (*younger sister*)
* Maisie Gates (*younger sister*)
* Archer Gates (*paternal uncle*)

## Powers and Abilities

**Telekinesis:** Although still a child, Gates has displayed immense telekinetic abilities. While in utero, she channeled her ability through her mother and enabled her mother to levitate massive amounts of matter, such as several cars and trucks simultaneously. Currently, she is able to project incredibly powerful concussive blasts, manipulate the internal environment of humans, levitate herself to fly, and reflect projetiles, including bullets, back toward the projector.
Lauretta Gates

**Lauretta Elizabeth Gates** was born on October 25, 1962, in Beverly Hills, California.

## Family

* Daniel Gates (*estranged husband*)
* Chad Gates (*son*)
* Archer Gates (*son*)
* Jessica Gates (*daughter-in-law*)
* McKenzie Gates (*granddaughter*)
* Aliyah Gates (*granddaughter*)
* Maisie Gates (*granddaughter*)

## Powers and Abilities

**Thermal Breath:** Gates has the ability to heat matter up by blowing on it. With this ability, she can cause solid matter to burn or melt and liquid matter to evaporate or boil. The exact temperature that she can raise matter to is unknown, although she can cause water to boil with one breath so it is known to be above 212 degrees Fahrenheit.
Tracy Zachary

**Tracy Ruth Zachary** was born on August 7, 1969, in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

## Family

* Jeffrey VanRite (*father, deceased*)
* Ruth VanRite (*mother*)
* Michelle VanRite (*sister*)
* Bruno Zachary (*husband*)
* Tara Rathburn (*daughter*)
* Kaitlin Rathburn (*daughter*)
* Brady Rathburn (*son*)
* Brandon Rathburn (*son-in-law*)
* Nathan Rathburn (*grandson*)
* Sawyer Rathburn (*grandson*)
* Amara Rathburn (*granddaughter*)

## Powers and Abilities

**Hydrokinesis:** Tracy has the ability to generate water by causing oxygen and hydrogen within the air to bond as well as control it in any way or form that she wishes. She is also able to manipulate existing water, even from miles underneath the ground. She can also manipulate the properties of water. For example, she can purify water so it is safe to drink, and she has a very limited control over the temperature of the water that she generates.
Episodul 196

**"Episodul 196"** este cel de al 196-lea episod al al seriei Soy Luna și cel de al 36-lea episod din sezonul 3 . Premierea acestui episod a avut loc în America Latină a avut loc pe data de 16 iulie 2018.

## Lista personajelor

Lista personajelor prezente în acest episod:

* Karol Sevilla - Luna Valente
* Valentina Zenere - Ámbar Smith
* Michael Ronda - Simón Álvarez
* Malena Ratner - Delfina
* Agustín Bernasconi - Gastón Perida
* Katja Martínez - Jazmín Gorjesi
* Ana Jara - Jim
* Jorge López - Ramiro
* Chiara Parravicini - Yam
* Gastón Vietto - Pedro
* Lionel Ferro - Nicolás
* Carolina Kopelioff - Nina Simonetti
* Luz Cipriota - Tamara
* Lucila Gandolfo - Sharon Benson
* David Muri - Miguel Valente
* Ana Carolina Valsagna - Mónica Valente
* Diego Sassi Alcalá - Tino Alcaraz
* Germán Tripel - Cato Alcoba
* Ezequiel Rodríguez - Ricardo Simonetti
* Antonella Querzoli - Amanda
* Caro Ibarra - Ana
* Paula Kohan - Mora Barza

## Coloana sonoră

* Alas (tema de început)
Aliyah Gates

**Aliyah Jordan Gates** was born on July 7, 2010, in Beverly Hills, California.

## Family

* Daniel Gates (*estranged paternal grandfather*)
* Lauretta Gates (*paternal grandmother*)
* Chad Gates (*father*)
* Jessica Gates (*mother*)
* McKenzie Gates (*older sister*)
* Maisie Gates (*younger sister*)
* Archer Gates (*paternal uncle*)

## Powers and Abilities

**Energy Absorption:** Even though she is young, Gates has demonstrated the ability to absorb massive amounts of energy of various kinds, including electrical, kinetic, mechanical, solar, and nuclear. While in utero, she channeled this ability through her mother, enabling her mother to become invulnerable to any and all energy-based attacks. As of now, Gates is able to absorb energy and then release it as powerful blasts from her body with twice the power that she absorbed it at. She is able to store the energy within her body for an undetermined period of time.
Kelly Burnbridge

**Kelly Suzanne Burnbridge** was born on December 24, 1974, in Dayton, Ohio.

## Family

* Joseph Burnbridge (*husband*)
* Ethan Burnbridge (*son*)
* Elexis Burnbridge (*daughter*)
* Emersyn Burnbridge (*daughter*)

## Powers and Abilities

**Conjuration:** Kelly has the ability to create non-organic matter from thin air. The larger the object that she attempts to create, the more strain it puts on her body and more concentration that is required. She typically uses this ability to conjure simple items that her son can easily build into a more complex device.
Cassidy Mariucci

**Cassidy Celeste Mariucci** was born on March 28, 1996, in Baltimore, Maryland.

## Family

* Terence Mariucci (*father*)
* Danielle Mariucci (*mother*)
* Collin Mariucci (*younger brother*)

## Powers and Abilities

**Pathokinesis:** Cassidy possesses a more advanced form of her mother's ability to release emotional burdens. Cassidy is able to manipulate the entire spectrum of emotions and feelings in others, whether they be good, bad, positive, or negative. She does not require physical contact to use her ability, she just has to be in the general vicinity of her intended target.
Episodul 4

**Un secreto, sobre ruedas (Un secret, pe rotile)** este cel de al patrulea episod din seria *Soy Luna*. Pe data de 17 martie 2016, a avut loc premierea episodului în America Latină.

## Rezumat

Episodul continuă cu apelul miterios către doamna Sharon cu privire la Sol Benson, nepoata acesteia. Intrigată domana sharon îi ordonă lui Rey să investigheze problema. Între timp, o parte din trecutul Lunei ne este dezvăluit. iar Simón  tocmai a fost concediat de la Mâncare pe Roţi.

## Actorii

Lista personajelor prezente în serial:

* Karol Sevilla - Luna Valente
* Ruggero Pasquarelli - Matteo Balsano
* Valentina Zenere - Ámbar Smith
* Michael Ronda - Simón Álvarez
* Malena Ratner - Delfina
* Agustín Bernasconi - Gastón Perida
* Katja Martínez - Jazmín Gorjesi
* Ana Jara - Jim
* Jorge López - Ramiro
* Chiara Parravicini - Yam
* Gastón Vietto - Pedro
* Lionel Ferro - Nicolás
* Carolina Kopelioff - Nina Simonetti
* Luz Cipriota - Tamara
* Lucila Gandolfo - Sharon Benson
* Rodrigo Pedreira - Rey
* David Muri - Miguel Valente
* Ana Carolina Valsagna - Mónica Valente
* Diego Sassi Alcalá - Tino Alcaraz
* Germán Tripel - Cato Alcoba
* Antonella Querzoli - Amanda
* Caro Ibarra - Ana

## Colana sonoră

* Alas
* Valiente

## Alte date

* Sora doamnei Benson, Lilly şi soţul ei Berni Benson au murit într-un incendiu.
* Simón este concediat şi se îndreptă spre Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Maisie Gates

**Maisie Catherine Gates** was born on April 2, 2013, in Beverly Hills, California.

## Family

* Daniel Gates (*estranged paternal grandfather*)
* Lauretta Gates (*paternal grandmother*)
* Chad Gates (*father*)
* Jessica Gates (*mother*)
* McKenzie Gates (*older sister*)
* Aliyah Gates (*older sister*)
* Archer Gates (*paternal uncle*)

## Powers and Abilities

**Precognition:** While in utero, Gates channeled her ability through her mother who received visions of the future in her dreams. Even though Gates is still quite young, she experiences precognitive dreams that accurately predict the future. The limits of her ability have yet to be explored.
Michael McNamara

**Michael "Mike" James McNamara** was born on September 11, 1967, in Austin, Texas.

## Family

* Teresa Hartford (*ex-wife*)
* Christina McNamara (*daughter*)
* Carson McNamara (*son*)
* Seth McNamara (*son*)

## Powers and Abilities

**Electronic Communication:** Michael has the ability to send, intercept, and receive electronic communications, such as e-mails and text messages, within his mind. Since e-mails and text messages did not become popular until Michael was already into his adult life, he did not discover that he was a mutant until later. However, he quickly became adept at using his ability and now does not even use a phone or computer, rather he just does everything within his head.
Sinead McCreedy

**Sinead Elizabeth McCreedy** was born on April 27, 1999, in Albany, New York.

## Powers and Abilities

**Elementalism:** Sinead has the ability to manipulate the four classical elements: earth, air, fire, and water. She utilizes this ability by psionically interacting with the substances on an atomic level.

She is able to manipulate the air and create wind by controlling oxygen atoms and oxygen-containing molecules within the atmosphere. She can create winds strong enough to support the weight of herself to allow herself to fly. Sinead can also manipulate the air around her to form a shield around herself to block or deflect projectiles.

Sinead can manipulate the substances that make up common bedrock, including iron, granite, shale, and limestone. She can cause earth tremors of up to a 6.7 on the Richter scale. Also, with this ability she has a limited ability to control metals that naturally occur within the earth.

She is able to control the movement of water through the manipulation of interatomic van der Wall's forces that control surface tension. The major limitation to this ability is that she is unable to generate water, forcing her to have a source of water for her to manipulate water. She also has limited control over ice and water vapor.

Sinead is also able to manipulate fire to her will. Just like with her hydrokinetic ability, she cannot generate fire, only control already existing fire. Despite not being able to generate fire, she is still immune to the negative effects of fire and heat, such as burns.
Concept Operators

Concept operators are functions that take a concept and permute it in some way in the hopes that this will generate insight.

* Abstraction/Metaphor Shift
* Addition/Subtraction
* Decomposition/Synthesis
* Goldilocks
* Hybridize
* Inversion
* Key Assumption Check
* Rubber Duck
* Specify/Generalize
* Stack Trace
* Substitution
* Thesaurus
Decision Leverage

Decision leverage refers to the fact that some of our decisions have leverage over our own future decisions and should thus be treated with more weight. This is related to the intuitions behind timeless decision theory and trivial inconveniences. Having a good model of which of our decisions actually affect future decisions and which ones we only pretend do is very powerful.
Power-Law World

Power-Law World is the notion that, in the ancestral environment, the possible outcomes were basically normally distributed in terms of available utility. Therefore, our intuitions are shaped for a world in which outcomes are normally distributed. It isn't worth exploring too much, because dramatically better outcomes simply aren't available.

In contrast, the modern world has many orders of magnitudes of differences in outcomes. The CEO of a large company wields millions of times the optimization power of a subsistence farmer. It is worth attempting to update our motivations to reflect this, even though we will most likely fall short because System 1 can't do math.
Internal Censor

*"A new idea is delicate. It can be killed by a sneer or a yawn; it can be stabbed to death by a quip and worried to death by a frown on the right man’s brow."* -Charles Brower

Your internal censor is the process that inhibits you from proposing absurd solutions to problems (and prevents you from saying what you think in general). Turning down the volume on the internal censor greatly assists brainstorming, as most people have it set very high for normal day to day use. Practices such as cultivating a playful environment, feeling of safety, saying or writing whatever comes to mind as quickly as possible (stream of consciousness writing), are all intended to tone down the internal censor. Many people find improv games useful for this purpose as well.

Many initially absurd solutions turn out to either be usable, have usable components, or highlight some area of the problem or method of inquiry that is helpful.
Cuenta conmigo

## Galerie foto

**Cuenta conmigo** este unul dintre cântecele de pe primul disc de pe noul album *La vida es un sueño .*

## Versuri

* Spaniolă
* Română

Si tienes tiempo

Para un amigo

Aquí estoy yo (siempre estoy yo)

Cuenta conmigo

Y si estas mal

Yo estoy contigo

Yo no me voy por que así soy

Cuenta conmigo

Y yo siempre voy a estar

Vamos siempre a conectar

Tus heridas curare

Y yo te acompañare

En las buenas y en las malas

Te daré siempre mis alas

Para que puedas volar

Y no pares de cantar

Con los sueños por delante

A tu lado voy a estar

En las buenas y en las malas

Te daré siempre mis alas

Para que puedas volar

Y no pares de cantar

Con los sueños por delante

A tu lado voy a estar

Si tienes tiempo

Para un amigo

Puedes confiar, voy a luchar

Cuenta conmigo

Ya no estés sola

Sere testigo

Una canción

Juntos tu y yo

Cuenta conmigo

Y yo siempre voy a estar

Vamos siempre a conectar

Tus heridas curare

Y yo te acompañare

En las buenas y en las malas

Te daré siempre mis alas

Para que puedas volar

Y no pares de cantar

Con los sueños por delante

A tu lado voy a estar

En las buenas y en las malas

Te daré siempre mis alas

Para que puedas volar

Y no pares de cantar

Con los sueños por delante

A tu lado voy a estar

Voy a estar contigo

Nunca pares de soñar

Cuenta conmigo

Estoy nunca va a terminar

En las buenas y en las malas

Cuenta conmigo

Cuenta conmigo

Te daré siempre mis alas

Cuenta conmigo

A tu lado voy a estar

En las buenas y en las malas

Te daré siempre mis alas

Para que puedas volar

Y no pares de cantar

Con los sueños por delante

A tu lado voy a estar

Voy a estar a tu lado

În curând...

## Video

</noinclude>
Search Algorithms and Deseridata

This is a list of search algorithms that have use outside of computer science domains and/or illustrate other concepts in good search.

* A\*
* Alpha-beta Pruning
* Bayesian Search
* Binary Search
* Genetic Algorithms
* Gradient Descent
* Hybridization
* Tabu Search

Search Deseridata and tradeoffs

* Accuracy and Precision
* Completeness
* Execution Time
* Legibility

* Optimality
Invariance

Invariance is a concept upstream of much of human inquiry into the world. When performing many types of experiments, all but one variable is ideally held constant in order to isolate the effects of that variable. When reasoning by analogy and porting reference classes we seek invariants between our present problem domain and the analogy or reference class we guess is nearby. When considering multiple competing hypotheses we take more seriously factors that are invariant across many models. We pay attention to that which is invariant across time and space because it will prove more useful. A tool that serves you regardless of where or when you attempt to use it is more valuable.

Predictions about the future are often a claim about which factors will remain invariant.
Chad Gates

**Chad Alexander Gates** was born on August 17, 1983, in Beverly Hills, California.

## Family

* Daniel Gates (*estranged father*)
* Lauretta Gates (*mother*)
* Archer Gates (*younger brother*)
* Jessica Gates (*wife*)
* McKenzie Gates (*daughter*)
* Aliyah Gates (*daughter*)
* Maisie Gates (*daughter*)

## Powers and Abilities

**Technopathy:** Gates has the ability to communicate with technology, allowing him to get any type of mechanical or electronic device to do what he wants it to do. He can cause technology to work properly or malfunction and can even cause electronic devices to work when they are not plugged in or have no batteries in them. His ability is not telekinetic in nature, so he cannot move the parts of technology with his mind. His ability is telepathic in nature, so he can cause technology to work how he wants it to. Therefore, if a technological device is taken apart to its base parts, he will be unable to manipulate it.
List of Statistics Concepts

* Berkson's Paradox (satisficer observation selection effect)
* Common distributions (bimodal, normal, log-normal, power law, etc.)
* Conditional probability
* Confidence Interval
* Confounding
* Confusion matrix
* Dimensionality reduction/Clusters in thing space
* Effect size
* Exploratory factor analysis
* Forest plot
* Funnel plot
* Good vs bad proxies
* Kurtosis
* Law of large numbers
* Local and global maximum
* Power
* Precision and accuracy
* Principle component analysis
* Regression
* Sample size
* Searching under the streetlight
* Sensitivity analysis
* Signal/noise
* Skew
* Tail miscalibration
* Type I and II errors
* Uncertainty analysis
* Variance
Negative Capability

"*being in uncertainties, Mysteries, doubts, without any irritable reaching after fact & reason"* -John Keats

Negative capability is the ability to hold off on proposing solutions until the space of possible solutions has been at least partially mapped. This ability counteracts the anchoring effect whereby the first solution found is over weighted in our evaluation, group polarization whereby groups form factions for and against certain positions instead of collaborative truth seeking, and also leads to much better outcomes as the first solution proposed is rarely the best one.
Option Value

Option Value is the value assigned in a cost-benefit analysis to keeping options open because we can't predict whether or not we would like to take them. A simple example of the tradeoff would be taking an umbrella with you on a day that has a 30% chance of rain. More generally, option value is related to the idea of premature optimization. That, all else being equal, we should like to choose actions that minimize constriction of our future options.
List of Lists of Concepts

"*Mostly I make lists for projects. This can be daunting. Breaking something big into its constituent parts will help you organize your thoughts, but it can also force you to confront the depth of your ignorance and the hugeness of the task. That's OK. The project may be the lion, but the list is your whip."* -Adam Savage

* List of Biology Concepts
* List of Buddhism Concepts
* List of Business Analysis Concepts
* List of Cognitive Bias Concepts
* List of Communication Concepts
* List of Decision Theory Concepts
* List of Dimensions
* List of Dual Process Theories
* List of Economics Concepts
* List of Epistemic Concepts
* List of Engineering Concepts
* List of Game Theoretic Concepts
* List of General Semantics Concepts
* List of Generative Concepts
* List of Group Rationality Concepts
* List of Habit Formation Concepts
* List of Legal Concepts
* List of Math Concepts
* List of Memetic Concepts
* List of Memory Concepts
* List of Meta-Concepts
* List of Motivation Concepts
* List of Ontology Concepts
* List of Pedagogical Concepts
* List of Political Concepts
* List of Prediction Concepts
* List of Programming Concepts
* List of Psychotherapy Concepts
* List of Rationality Concepts
* List of Search Concepts
* List of Statistics Concepts
* List of Useful Checklists
Joseph Burnbridge

**Joseph "Joey" Russell Burnbridge** was born on May 24, 1980, in Toledo, Ohio.

## Family

* Kelly Burnbridge (*wife*)
* Ethan Burnbridge (*son*)
* Elexis Burnbridge (*daughter*)
* Emersyn Burnbridge (*daughter*)

## Powers and Abilities

**Lie Detection:** Joey has the ability to sense when others are lying. When a person is lying, he feels it as a tingling sensation all over his entire body. This ability only works when a person is intentionally lying. For example, if a person said something that was false but they believe it to be true, Joey will not detect it as a lie. This ability works through all forms of communication, including verbal and electronic.
Reference Class Forecasting

Reference class forecasting is a technique for improving predictions across a broad range of problems developed by Kahneman and Tversky. Consider a simple example: You are trying to decide how long it will take to pack your things for a move. One way of doing this might be to imagine all of the things that need to be done, imagining yourself doing them, and then adding up all the times generated by this process. This almost never works. A common technique to fix this is to go through this process and then double or triple the estimate. This sort of works, but we can do better. A process that generates more reliable predictions is to take the average of how long similar plans took in the past, for yourself or others.

Planning by reasoning about each step from scratch is often referred to as the inside view, while reasoning about it based on data gathered from past attempts is often referred to as the outside view. Both forms of reasoning are valuable in problem solving, but most people do too little outside view reasoning. To be more precise, most people anchor on their inside view and then make small adjustments based on outside view data (such as doubling our inside view estimate as above). Best practice is to invert this, use outside view data as your anchor, then make small adjustments based on inside view considerations.

A problem immediately presents itself when trying to apply this in real life. What counts as a valid reference class to draw from? In some cases, like the example above, it is fairly straightforward. In many cases, especially when doing something new, one has a choice about where to gather data from. Do we gather only from data that is extremely similar even though this might not give us very many examples to draw from? Do we gather from many examples that are more loosely defined? Along which dimension are we regarding two examples as "similar"?

These questions don't have precise, rigorous answers. But reference class forecasting tends to improve prediction quality by a lot despite these problems.

Further reading:

http://lesswrong.com/lw/hzu/model\_combination\_and\_adjustment/
Habit Stack

The idea of a habit stack is that our normal thoughts about habits generate ugh fields by virtue of just making us feel bad about some laudable habit that we don't yet have. Instead, we would like to reflexively bundle together the habit, its implementation intention, urge propagation related to why we want the habit, some incentive analysis to proactively eliminate trivial inconveniences, and some use of memory techniques for making the habit available in the right context. A bare habit is just a tool for making us feel bad, like a knife without a handle.

Examples:

Pairing the cue to exercise with the cue to eat, and rewarding exercise immediately with hedonic foods.

Pairing the urge towards time wasting websites with the urge to urinate, building in a natural time bound.
Tillmans Watercress Slice

The Tillmans Watercress Slice is said to be one of the most delicious things you can buy from a petrol station minimart and is virtually a packaged tea party. Remy purchased one of these beauties for Mr Simone with all his pocket money after Mr Simone discovered he had been caught short without any lunch.

## Behind The Scenes

The delectable readymade lunchtime sandwich was first developed by a small company in Newquay, who have since gone bankrupt after a Tillmans entrepreneur bought the rights for the product for £15 at a strip club.
Episodul 132

**"¿Quién soy yo?, sobre ruedas"** este cel de al 132-lea episod al al seriei Soy Luna și al 52-lea episod din sezonul 2 . Premierea acestui episod a avut loc în America Latină a avut loc pe data de 21 august 2017.

## Lista personajelor

Lista personajelor prezente în acest episod:

* Karol Sevilla - Luna Valente
* Valentina Zenere - Ámbar Smith
* Michael Ronda - Simón Álvarez
* Malena Ratner - Delfina
* Agustín Bernasconi - Gastón Perida
* Katja Martínez - Jazmín Gorjesi
* Ana Jara - Jim
* Jorge López - Ramiro
* Chiara Parravicini - Yam
* Gastón Vietto - Pedro
* Lionel Ferro - Nicolás
* Carolina Kopelioff - Nina Simonetti
* Luz Cipriota - Tamara
* Lucila Gandolfo - Sharon Benson
* David Muri - Miguel Valente
* Ana Carolina Valsagna - Mónica Valente
* Diego Sassi Alcalá - Tino Alcaraz
* Germán Tripel - Cato Alcoba
* Ezequiel Rodríguez - Ricardo Simonetti
* Antonella Querzoli - Amanda
* Caro Ibarra - Ana
* Paula Kohan - Mora Barza

## Coloana sonoră

* Alas (tema de început)
Connotation Explosion

A connotation explosion is a technique for generating useful frames and analogies for concepts we would like to be more available. A search of the connotations is brainstormed and used to generate analogies that might share some common causal structure. For example, applying the concept to itself might yield a seeding, pruning, and flower arranging metaphor whereby the original term is a seed, which we grow into a bunch of related concepts, followed by pruning off the ones that seem promising and either repeating the process or arranging what we have into an appropriate description.
List of Pedagogical Concepts

* ADEPT framework
* Anchoring learning
* Antagnonistic teaching
* Attention Span limitations
* Big ideas early and often
* Cargo Cults
* Carrot vs stick
* Consistent metaphor
* Crucible
* Deliberate practice
* Disfluency
* Fill in the blanks
* Fixer upper
* Guessing the teacher's password
* Kishotenketsu
* Lay of the land
* Learned helplessness
* Learning curve
* Multiple lives
* Spaced repetition
* Structured analytical techniques
* Success spiral
* Tacit vs explicit models
* Tool box
* Toy example
* War games
Model Uncertainty

Model Uncertainty refers to the probability that we are fundamentally confused about the situation we are modeling, and an attempt to give such an error some weight in our model. In a traditional probabilistic calculation, say a coin flip, the probabilities of heads or tails are expected to add up to 1. But this admits 0 probability of ANY third outcome. We should not be aboslutely certain of such a thing no matter how simple the system we are modeling. The coin may land on its side, the coin may be snatched from the air and made off with, or any number of things that we haven't thought of. We can reduce model uncertainty by acknowledging our key assumptions that define the model.
List of Cognitive Bias Concepts

Note: this list is NOT intended as a recreation of wikipedia's list of cognitive biases. Rather it is a list of cognitive bias *concepts*, which is to say higher level categories/features of cognition that may encompass many underlying mental errors. Wikipedia lists some of these as cognitive heuristics.

* Anchoring and Adjustment
* Apophenia
* Attribute Substitution
* Cognitive miser/heuristic frugality
* Compartmentalization
* Memory errors
* Representativeness
* Selection effects
Episodul 167

**"Episodul 167"** este cel de al 167-lea episod al al seriei Soy Luna și cel de al 7-lea episod din sezonul 3 . Premierea acestui episod a avut loc în America Latină a avut loc pe data de 24 aprilie 2018.

## Lista personajelor

Lista personajelor prezente în acest episod:

* Karol Sevilla - Luna Valente
* Valentina Zenere - Ámbar Smith
* Michael Ronda - Simón Álvarez
* Malena Ratner - Delfina
* Agustín Bernasconi - Gastón Perida
* Katja Martínez - Jazmín Gorjesi
* Ana Jara - Jim
* Jorge López - Ramiro
* Chiara Parravicini - Yam
* Gastón Vietto - Pedro
* Lionel Ferro - Nicolás
* Carolina Kopelioff - Nina Simonetti
* Luz Cipriota - Tamara
* Lucila Gandolfo - Sharon Benson
* David Muri - Miguel Valente
* Ana Carolina Valsagna - Mónica Valente
* Diego Sassi Alcalá - Tino Alcaraz
* Germán Tripel - Cato Alcoba
* Ezequiel Rodríguez - Ricardo Simonetti
* Antonella Querzoli - Amanda
* Caro Ibarra - Ana
* Paula Kohan - Mora Barza

## Coloana sonoră

* Alas (tema de început)
Average Decision Quality

*"The quality of our lives depends on the quality of the decisions we make."* -Ray Dalio

Average Decision Quality is related to the notions of power-law world, model uncertainty, and the prediction horizon. In a world in which the outcomes of actions:

* Vary widely in utility
* Have unknown causal structure and/or side-effects
* Are hard to predict

You don't know in advance which of your decisions will turn out to be important. Warren Buffet and Ray Dalio both point out that this applies to the upside and the downside. A few key bets made most of the upside difference, while avoiding key mistakes limited the big downsides, but that they were not able to predict these in advance. You therefore want your average decision to be high quality. Decision quality judgment criteria are domain dependent but might generally include things like

* Being well calibrated with regard to evidence
* Having good problem-heuristic fit
* Minimizes loss of option value
* Is robust with regard to reference class uncertainty (i.e. is foxy)
* Takes all stakeholder incentives into account
* Suggests unambiguous next actions
* Is consistent with terminal goals

In motivation systems, it is often recommended to reward/reinforce any behavior that is better than your average behavior. This is in contrast to only reinforcing "model behavior." Only reinforcing days where one sticks to a perfect diet, rather than all days where one ate healthier than average, for example. Reinforcing all behavior that is better than the average behavior tightens feedback loops.

Average Decision Quality might also be thought of as pointing towards the importance of epistemic rigor.
Remy The Roaster (Story)

Remy The Roaster is the title of the fictitious epic centred around the series' loveable protagonist, Remy The Roaster and his many allies and adventures. The story takes place in the fictional alternate reality of 'The Remiverse', which is pretty much the normal Universe, but with a dash more Remy (and some other pretty cool stuff).

It is a well known fact that *"Everybody Loves Remy".*
Trivial Inconveniences

Trivial Inconveniences are things that seem small, not worth bothering with, sometimes even below our level of conscious awareness that nonetheless impact our decisions. An example is a person who thinks running is very unpleasant and only later discovers that different clothing and shoes make a large difference in comfort while running and thus impacting their inclination to run.

In habit stack design and goal factoring, we would like to seek out and think about what trivial inconveniences might be affecting our willingness or aversion to different activities.
Lancaster Hot-Slice of Spiff’s Trenchmeat

A delicious meal-in-a-can that is fed to Remy in slices while being held captive inside the trunk of a Bison-Tucker Zipcart at the hands of Murray Finch.

## Behind The Scenes

As stated in it's name, the Lancaster Hot-Slice of Spiff's Trenchmeat originates from a factory somewhere in Lancaster and was likely offcuts from a larger meat product.

Despite common beliefs, Spiff's Trenchmeat was never known to be eaten in trenches and probably gets its name from its vile, pungent smell.
Fantasy Ontology

A fantasy ontology refers to a fantasy that is unsatisfiable in the real world due to a carving up of processes that are inseperable in reality. A whole genre of examples arises from conceptions of "the perfect X" making us happy, where X can be a relationship, job, physical item, group membership etc. ignoring the variety of prerequisites, responsibilities, and outright impossibility some of those may require.

This tendency can be adaptive when it leads us to check whether some particular unpleasantness is actually necessary, but often runs haywire when left as a tacit rather than explicit analysis.
Evidence/Update Proportionality

Evidence/update proportionality is related to anchoring and adjustment and refers to the idea that we should like to update our beliefs when encountering evidence in proportion to the strength of that evidence. Some examples of failures:

* We strongly believe a particular story and cite that three news outlets support a particular interpretation of the facts, ignoring that all three news outlets were operating off the same scarce data and also are following a very similar set of heuristics for turning said data into a story. Instead, we should like to count each piece of data as some amount of evidence for each model consistent with that data.
* We support a particular position in the face of any and all evidence to the contrary until a critical threshold has been reached, at which point we flip and strongly take up the opposite position. Instead, we should like to remain uncertain about the two positions, and gradually update towards one or the other as new evidence comes in.
* We hold confirming and disconfirming evidence to different standards, making isolated demands of rigor for evidence that disagrees with a current working model.

In general, assuming we are following good search strategies, our updates will generally decrease in size as we converge on consistent interpretations of the available data. Scientific theories and laws are models that have such strong and varied pieces of evidence supporting them that it would be shocking to find evidence strong enough to cause large updates about them.
Metamodeling

*"When guys at MIT or Princeton had trouble doing a certain integral, it was because they couldn’t do it with the standard methods they had learned in school. If it was contour integration, they would have found it; if it was a simple seriesexpansion, they would have found it. Then I come along and try differentiating under the integral sign, and often it worked. So I got a great reputation for doing integrals, only because my box of tools was different from everybody else’s"* -Richard Feynman

Metamodeling is the act of modeling our own creation, modification, and use of models for problem solving.

**Metaphorical metamodels** focus on the use of rich metaphors to load intuitions about how to think about models.

Concept garden:

Loads intuitions such as models evolving and changing over time, the 'garden' as needing maintenance, global vs local structure, tending as an enjoyable hobby, etc.

Tool box:

Loads intuitions such as problem-heuristic fit, specificity vs generality, the sharpening of models using other models, and the limited size of our cache for immediately accessible tools.

**Pedagogical metamodels** focus on how models are formed, taught, and recalled for later use.

Concept formation is the idea that the most effective means of learning concepts is to give several simple examples, ideally from different domains. The human mind naturally pays attention to invariants across situations for efficiency under the cognitive miser theory. Once the student experiences the click of noticing the similarity across the examples they will have a more cemented understanding.

**Ontological metamodels** focus on the use of models as sorting tools, allowing us to decide which reference class of reasoning to apply to a particular situation.

One ontological question that can be asked about a model is whether it carves reality at the joints. Related to the notion of leaky vs tight abstractions.
Terence Mariucci

**Terence Alan Mariucci** was born on February 6, 1970, in Baltimore, Maryland.

## Family

* Danielle Mariucci (*wife*)
* Cassidy Mariucci (*daughter*)
* Collin Mariucci (*son*)

## Powers and Abilities

**Sound Mimicry:** Terence has the ability to perfectly replicate any sound that he hears with his mouth. This ability is not physical in nature, so he does not have to utilize his tongue or teeth to replicate a sound, rather he just opens his mouth and the sound he wishes to make plays from his mouth.
Fundamental Question of Rationality

The fundamental question of rationality is not, despite widely held opinion, "why do they believe what they believe?" but rather "why do I believe what I believe?" This is closely related to the notion of a stack trace, and can be abbreviated by asking the question "whence?"

Other questions about beliefs:

* Do I endorse the process that formed this belief?
* What are the consequences of holding this belief?
* Does holding this belief make me exploitable?
* If I didn't already have this belief, would I press a button to install it?
* What am I precluded from doing as a result of this belief?
* What is this belief made of? (images, words, felt senses, relations)
* How much would I be willing to bet on this belief?
* Is this belief falsifiable?
* If the belief were wrong what, concretely, would I expect to see in the world?
* What values am I trying to express with this belief?

Surprising beliefs elicited by belief reporting are especially good targets for these questions.
Optimal Brainstorming

Optimal Brainstorming refers to a set of heuristics for productive brainstorming sessions informed by creativity research as well as the experience of the CIA in directing analyst groups in scenario and idea generation. It subverts a variety of biases that get in the way of producing good results.

The key idea is the finding that quantity trumps quality when it comes to idea generation. It was found in multiple trials that groups that were encouraged to produce more total ideas always beat groups attempting to produce high quality ideas in producing what was later judged to be the highest quality ideas by blinded groups of judges. This is especially relevant since idea generation is so cheap. All we really care about is getting a single hit, regardless of the number of misses.

We therefore enhance all aspects that improve quantity while removing any roadblocks.

The most important guidelines:

1. A bounded space and time
2. Enhancement of negative capability
3. Psychological safety

The exact way of meeting these guidelines can vary, but probably looks something like this:

A bounded space and time, ideally about 90 minutes, in a space with whiteboards, stickynotes, or other affordances for visualizing or rearranging ideas on the fly. Negative capability is enhanced by holding off on proposing solutions in favor of exploring the problem fully. All particiapants know that the current session is explicitly not for solving the problem. Psychological safety is enhanced by encouraging curiosity, humor, and playfullness. The initial stage of the brainstorm is done individually rather than as a group to avoid the pitfall of only gathering ideas from the loudest speakers, or having the activity immediately derailed.

The facilitator gives a prompt or prompts related to the problem and has the participants each write their ideas on a pad of paper. Prompts should include a sentence or two about turning off the internal censor, explaining the quantity over quality idea. The facilitator should not halt the individual stage at the first sign that everyone is out of things to write, this is often exactly the stage at which original thinking is about to happen after the obvious ideas have been exhausted.

Everyone shares some number of their best ideas, ideally on sticky notes so they can be clustered in the next stage.

Once all the ideas are up, everyone takes a few moments to soak in everyone elses' ideas. Suggestions for categories are then solicited by the facilitator, and different clusterings and labels of the ideas are tried, to see if there is any obvious larger scale structure to the ideas generated. Relations between categories might suggest themselves.

Open discussion should follow. The facilitator should take steps to encourage contribution by more quiet participants, as eveness of communication is a predictor of group success. This process may solve the problem outright, or generate new prompts for further sessions. When deeper analysis is desired, the results of an initial broad overview may be split up and assigned to several smaller teams of 3-5 people to search more deeply in parallel.
List of Dual Process Theories

*"There are two kinds of people in this world, those who divide the world in to two categories and those who don't."*

Dual process theories are theories of cognition that aim to split mental phenomena into two, at least somewhat mutually exclusive states/modes. Like the List of Dimensions, figuring out where a certain kind of reasoning/plan/concept/mental state lies on these spectra can open up new possibilities via inversion.

* Away vs Towards
* Back chaining vs Forward Chaining
* Convergent vs Divergent Thinking
* Exploration vs Exploitation
* Farmer vs Forager
* Fox vs Hedgehog
* Near vs Far
* Positive vs Negative desires
* Open mode vs Closed mode
* Search-Inference Framework
* SNS vs PSNS
* System 1 vs System 2
* Systems vs Goals
* Zero/negative sum vs Positive sum thinking
Prediction Horizon

The Prediction Horizon is the notion that prediction quality is much lower than intuitively assumed, both in quantitaive and qualitative realms. Superforecasting by Philip Tetlock discusses the fact that even the top performing forecasters, who outerformed CIA analysts, couldn't predict much past about 400 days. Robin Hanson has discussed the atrocious track record of experts making qualitative predictions in their various fields. Happiness research highlights how bad we are, on average, at predicting even our own future preferences. This lends weight to the concept of option value. If we don't know what will happen or how we will respond we should like to keep our options as broad as possible.
List of Meta Concepts

*“You have to keep a dozen of your favorite problems constantly present in your mind, although by and large they will lay in a dormant state. Every time you hear or read a new trick or a new result, test it against each of your twelve problems to see whether it helps. Every once in a while there will be a hit, and people will say, 'How did he do it? He must be a genius!'” -*Richard Feynman

* Concept operators
* Higher order concepts
* Meta-affordance
* Metabiases
* Metamodeling
* Pink-Purple Ball Thing
* Schemafication
Opportunity/Obligation Distinction

The Opportunity/Obligation distinction distinguishes between

1. things we do because they feel like obligations, responsibilities, virtuous actions our ideal self 'should' take, and related frames.
2. things that we are excited to do, that feel like opportunities to improve something we care about.

This is related to towards vs away framings, and carrot vs stick.

Semantic inversion: the should/could inversion is a handle for remembering this concept, reminding you that many instances of the word should can be replaced with the word could.
List of Prompts

* What if the problem turned out to be easy?
* What if you woke up and the problem was solved? How would you know? What would be different?
* What lucky fluke would lead to you getting what you want?
* How would you solve the problem with arbitrary power? What are the desiderata it would satisfy if there were no tradeoffs?
* Who/What is the archetype of the thing you want? Who has a little bit more of the thing you want?
* What would someone awesome do to prepare for a serious effort at solving the problem?
* Is there a smaller/toy version of the problem you can solve for practice?
* Have you tried sharpening the problem without looking for a solution?
* Have you tried granularizing more?
* Have you tried dumping your thought cache and approaching the problem in open mode?
* Have you tried filling your attention with the problem?
* Have you tried propagating constraints from the object level?
* Give 3 examples, give 3 counter examples
* Map the idea space (negative capability)
* Run through habitual problem solving pattern slowly and see if each inference actually makes sense or truly only has one plausible next step.
* Describe vs explain (explain assumes causal model)
* Have you tried rubber ducking impressive people?
* Sensory modalities
	+ What would an X version of this idea look/sound/feel like?
		- Loud, Soft
		- Blurry, Sharp
		- Distant, Close
		- Slick, Rough
		- Warm, Cold
		- Wet, Dry
		- Future, Past
List of Dimensions

*"Thought must be divided against itself before it can come to any knowledge of itself." -*Aldous Huxley

This is a list of dimensions along which personal philosophies or metaphysical systems might differ. That people might be at either extreme is one of the reasons for the law of equal and opposite advice. Conflicting beliefs from opposing ends of a spectrum might cause experiences of tension or cognitive dissonance.

* Achievement/Hedonism
* Change Self/Change World
* Heroic Responsibility/Victim of Circumstance
* Pattern/Chaos
* Monism/Dualism
* Nihilism/Eternalism
* Responsibility/Freedom
* Special/Ordinary
* Tradition/Innovation
* True-Self/Selflessness
* Overly Concrete/Overly Abstract
Exploration Neglect

*"A ship in harbor is safe, but that is not what ships are for." -*John A. Shedd

Exploration Neglect is the idea that in the exploration vs exploitation trade off, most people do far too little exploration. Examples include not considering alternative uses of resources, anchoring on a single prediction scenario, poor negative capability, failing to consider the value of information, etc.
Dangling Pointer

*"When you reach the top of the mountain, keep climbing."* -Zen Proverb

Literally, a dangling pointer is a pointer that points at an object that no longer exists. Figuratively, a dangling pointer is closely related to the idea that we are adaptation executors, not fitness maximizers. To call something a dangling pointer means that it continues to point us in the direction of some behavior or object, regardless of the external state of the world or whether that object is actually good or desirable. Continuing to desire cake after all your caloric needs have been met. Continuing to desire more money after making far more than one could ever spend in a lifetime. Continuing to treat someone with generosity who has repeatedly and consistently taken advantage. These examples are of failing to update or eliminate a dangling pointer despite the environment changing such that they no longer make sense.