recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Leccinum cyaneobasileucum

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***Leccinum cyaneobasileucum*** is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Originally found growing under silver birch in France, it was described as new to science in 1991. The fungus produces fruit bodies with caps measuring Template:Convert wide that range in colour from hazel, to reddish-yellow, to walnut brown. The white to grey stipe measures Template:Convert long by Template:Convert thick and is covered with brownish scales. In deposit the spores are walnut brown; microscopically, they are somewhat spindle shaped and measure 14–18 by 5–6 µm. *L. cyaneobasileucum* grows under birch, usually in moss. The mushroom is edible but not particularly tasty.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Lannoy 1991`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Phillips 2013`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Lentinellus cochleatus

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***Lentinellus cochleatus***, commonly known as the **aniseed cockleshell**, is a wood-inhabiting fungus. It is an edible mushroom, with a mild aniseed odor and flavor.

## External links

* Medicinal Mushrooms description and medicinal properties
* Roger's Mushrooms description

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Lentinus megacystidiatus

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***Lentinus megacystidiatus*** is a species of edible mushroom in the family Polyporaceae, first found in northern Thailand.

## Further reading

* Senthilarasu, Gunasekaran. "the lentinoid fungi (Lentinus and Panus) from Western ghats, India." (2015).
* Quél, C. E. R. I. O. P. O. R. U. S. "Zmitrovich IV, Kovalenko AE Lentinoid and polyporoid fungi, two generic conglomerates containing important medicinal mushrooms in molecular perspective International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms." International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms (2015).
* Njouonkou, André-Ledoux, Roy Watling, and Jérôme Degreef. "Lentinus cystidiatus sp. nov.(Polyporaceae): an African lentinoid fungus with an unusual combination of both skeleto-ligative hyphae and pleurocystidia." Plant Ecology and Evolution 146.2 (2013): 240-245.

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Morchella anatolica

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***Morchella anatolica*** is a species of ascomycete fungus in the family Morchellaceae that was described as new to science in 2010. It is found in Southwest Anatolia, Turkey, where it grows on moss-covered stream beds in pine forests. The fruit bodies grow to Template:Convert tall and Template:Convert wide. They are roughly conical, with fleshy longitudinal ribs that lack the cross-ribs characteristic of most other *Morchella* species. Young specimens have a light lilac tint that darkens or turns grayish in maturity.

The ascospores of this fungus are ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, hyaline (translucent), and measure 24–30 by 18–18 µm; these dimensions are relatively large for the genus *Morchella*. Fine longitudinal grooves are present on the surface of mature spores. The spores are produced in groups of eight in cylindrical to club-shaped asci measuring 290–310 by 18–26 µm.

*M. anatolica* has also been found in Spain, and is closely related to *M. rufobrunnea*.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Işıloğlu 2020`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Richard2014`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Montagnea arenaria

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***Montagnea arenaria*** is a species of secotioid fungus in the Agaricaceae family. Originally named *Agaricus arenarius* by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1815, it was transferred to the genus *Montagnea* by Sanford Myron Zeller in 1943. The species is characterized by a cap that has an apical disc, radial gills, a hymenophore, and spores with a prominent germ pore.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `DeCandolle1815`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Zeller1943`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Lactarius lilacinus

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***Lactarius lilacinus***, or the **lilac milkcap**, is a European species of the large milk-cap genus *Lactarius* in the order Russulales.

The species forms an ectomycorrhizal association with grey and black alder, both in the alder subgenus *Alnus*. A phylogenetic study has shown that *L. lilacinus* is one of several species that have specialised on the subgenus *Alnus* as host plants, whereas the closely related *L. lepidotus* is restricted to green alder in the subgenus *Alnobetula*.

## See also

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* List of *Lactarius* species

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Rochet 2011`

## External links

* Template:Index Fungorum

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Melanoleuca cognata

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***Melanoleuca cognata***, commonly known as the **spring cavalier**, is a species of agaric fungus. It is found in Europe and North America.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `BMS`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Hygrocybe ingrata

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***Hygrocybe ingrata***, commonly called **dingy waxcap**, is a mushroom of the waxcap genus *Hygrocybe*. Found in Europe, it was described as new to science in 1945.

## See also

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* List of *Hygrocybe* species
* List of fungi by conservation status

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `IUCN`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Møller 1945`

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Marasmius asiaticus

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***Marasmius asiaticus*** is a species of agaric fungus in the family Marasmiaceae. Within the large genus *Marasmius*, it is classified in section *Sicci*. Known only from a single collection made in Mount Nuang Forest Reserve (Peninsular Malaysia), it was described as new to science in 2009 by Tan and Dennis Desjardin under the name *Marasmius distantifolius*. This was later discovered to be an illegitimate homonym of a species named by William Alphonso Murrill in 1915, now known as *Marasmiellus distantifolius*. Armin Mešić and Zdenko Tkalčec proposed the new epithet *asiaticus*, referring to its distribution. The original epithet, which combined the Latin words *distans* ("distant") and *folius* ("leaf"), alluded to the distantly-spaced gills.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Tan 2009`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Murrill 1915`
3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `urlFungorum: Marasmius distantifolius`
4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Mešic 2010`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Lecanora cinereofusca

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***Lecanora cinereofusca*** is a species of lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. It was described as new to science in 1932 by botanist Adolf Hugo Magnusson.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Magnusson 1932`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Lempholemma corticola

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***Lempholemma corticola*** is a species of lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. Known from Greece, it was described as new to science in 2011.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Lumbsch 2011`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Lycoperdon mammiforme

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***Lycoperdon mammiforme*** is a rare, inedible type of puffball mushroom in the genus *Lycoperdon*, found in deciduous forest on chalk soil. It is found in Europe. The fruit body is spherical to pear shaped, at first pure white with slightly grainy inner skin and an outer skin which disintegrates in flakes that are soon shed, later ochre, chocolate-brown when old, up to Template:Convert in diameter.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Phillips 2013`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Lactifluus vellereus

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***Lactifluus vellereus*** (formerly ***Lactarius vellereus***), commonly known as the **fleecy milk-cap**, is a quite large fungus in the genus *Lactifluus*. It is one of the two most common milk-caps found with beech trees, with the other being *Lactarius subdulcis*.

## Taxonomy and systematics

*Lactifluus vellereus* is one of a handful of north temperate milk caps that belong to the genus *Lactifluus* which has been separated from *Lactarius* on phylogenetic grounds. Its closest species is *L. bertillonii*, with which it forms a rather isolated clade in the genus.

## Description

Like other mushrooms in the family Russulaceae, the *L. vellereus* fruit body has crumbly, rather than fibrous, flesh, and when this is broken the fungus exudes a milky latex. The mature caps are white to cream, funnel-shaped, and up to Template:Convert in diameter. It has firm flesh, and a stipe which is shorter than the fruit body is wide. The gills are fairly distant (quite far apart), decurrent, and narrow, and have brown specks from the drying milk. The spore print is white in colour.

*Lactifluus bertillonii* is closely related and very similar, but has hotter milk. Another similar, but phylogenetically distant species is *Lactarius controversus*, distinguishable mainly by its white gills and lack of rosy markings on the upper cap.

## Distribution and habitat

 File:Lactarius vellereus LC0113.jpg
The mushroom is found in deciduous woods, from late summer to early winter. It is found in Britain and Europe. David Arora makes no mention of it in *Mushrooms Demystified*, so it is probably absent from North America.

## Edibility

The milk tastes mild on its own, but hot when tasted with the flesh. It is considered inedible because of its peppery taste.

## See also

Template:Portal
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* List of *Lactifluus* species

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `verbeken2013`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `T.Laessoe`
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Phillips06`
4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Arora2nd`

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Leucopaxillus paradoxus

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***Leucopaxillus*** is a species of fungus in the family Tricholomataceae, and the type species of the genus *Leucopaxillus*. It was first described as *Clitocybe paradoxa* in 1896, and transferred to the newly created *Leucopaxillus* in 1925. It is found in Asia, Europe, and North America.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Boursier1925`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Zhishu1993`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum
* Mushroomhobby.com Images

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Lepiota zalkavritha

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***Lepiota zalkavritha*** is an agaric fungus of the genus *Lepiota*, order Agaricales. Described as new to science in 2009, it is found in Kerala State, India.

## Taxonomy

The species was described in 2009 in the journal *Mycotaxon*. The type collection was made in September 2006, in Pudiyangadi, located in the Kozhikode District of Kerala State. The specific epithet *zalkavritha* is from the Sanskrit words meaning "covered with scales".

## Description

The fruit bodies of *Lepiota zalkavritha* have caps that are initially roughly spherical before becoming convex and eventually flattened in maturity; the cap attains a diameter of Template:Convert. The caps of young fruit bodies have an umbo, but this disappears as the cap expands. The background color of the cap surface is whitish, but it is covered with minute brown scales.

As the mushroom ages, cracks develop near the cap margin, and the cap cuticle peels off to expose the underlying white flesh. The cap margin, initially curled inward but straight in maturity, retains hanging fragments of the partial veil. The gills, free from attachment to the stem, are somewhat crowded, and have 3–5 tiers of interspersed lamellulae (short gills). Gills are whitish to yellowish-white, with finely fringed edges. The cylindrical, hollow stem measures Template:Convert by Template:Convert thick, androughly equal in width through its length except for a bulbous base.

Its color ranges from orange-white to light brown, but bruises brownish-orange when handled. The lower part of the stem has dark brown, fibrillose scales, and the base of the stem is attached to white mycelial cords. A ring is present on the central to lower part of the stem as a zone of dark brown scales. The flesh is up to 2 mm thick, and it has no distinctive odor.

*Lepiota zalkavritha* produces a white spore print. The spores are roughly elliptical, smooth, hyaline (translucent), and have dimensions of 4.5–6 by 3–4.5 µm. Spores contain a single oil droplet. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are club-shaped, contain oil droplets, four-spored with sterigmata up to 4 µm long, and measure 20–25 by 6–8 µm. Cheilocystidia are numerous on the gill edge,. They are club-shaped, thin-walled, hyaline, and measure 12–32 by 5.5–10 µm, although some have an abruptly enlarged spherical "head", or an elongated tip that is up to 30 µm long; there are no cystidia on the gill faces (pleurocystidia).

## Habitat and distribution

Fruit bodies of *Lepiota zalkavritha* grow singly on the ground. The species is known only from the type locality in Pudiyangadi.

## See also

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* List of *Lepiota* species

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Kumar2009`

## External links

* Template:MycoBank

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Lopharia cinerascens

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***Lopharia cinerascens*** is a species of crust fungus in the family Polyporaceae. It was first described by botanist Lewis David de Schweinitz in 1832 as *Thelephora cinerascens*. Gordon Herriot Cunningham transferred it to *Lopharia* in 1956. It is widely distributed in Africa, Asia, Australasia, and North America; it is less common in Europe and South America.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Schweinitz 1832`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Cunningham 1956`
3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Chamuris 1988`

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Leccinum brunneobadium

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***Leccinum brunneobadium*** is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Found in Europe, it was originally described in 1970 by J. Blum as a species of *Boletus*. Lannoy and Estadès transferred it to the genus *Leccinum* in 1994.

## See also

* List of *Leccinum* species
* List of North American boletes

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Blum 1970`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Lannoy 1994`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Leccinum engelianum

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***Leccinum engelianum*** is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Found in Germany, where it grows in association with European beech (*Fagus sylvatica*), it was described as new to science by Wolfgang Klofac in 2007.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Klofac 2007`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Humaria hemisphaerica

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***Humaria hemisphaerica***, commonly known as the **hairy fairy cup** or the **brown-haired fairy cup**, is a species of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae. This mycorrhizal fungus is recognized by its white inner surface and hairy brown outer surface. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word *hemisphaericum*, meaning half a sphere.

## Taxonomy

This species was originally described by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries in 1823 as *Peziza hemisphaerica*. He considered it to be one of the *Lachnia*, a name he applied to cup fungi with hairy apothecia. In 1870 Leopold Fuckel transferred *P. hemisphaerica* to the genus *Humaria*.

## Description

*Humaria hemisphaerica* has fruiting bodies (apothecia) that typically measure Template:Convert in diameter by Template:Convert deep. The fruiting bodies are initially spherical and expand to become cuplike at the fungus matures. This species typically does not have a stipe―when it does, it is present as a small abrupt base. The inner surface of the fruiting body (the hymenium) is white, while the outer hairy surface is brown and covered with brown hairs that taper to a sharp point. These hairs are 400–500 x 15–20 µm. The ascospores are elliptical, hyaline, 20–22 x 10–11 µm, and have 2–3 oil droplets. The hairy fairy cup is inedible.

## Habitat

*Humaria hemisphaerica* grows solitary, scattered, or in groups on the ground or sometimes on rotten wood in wooded areas.

## Similar species

There are several other cup fungi with hairy exteriors that may be confused with *H. hemisphaerica*. *Jafnea semitotsa* is larger (2–5 cm diameter) with a brown interior and a short stipe. *Trichophaea boudieri* and *Trichophaea bullata* are smaller (1–6 mm diameter).*Trichophaea abundans* is another small species that prefers to grow in burned areas.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Template:Cite book
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Template:Cite book
3. ↑ Fries EM. (1823). *Systema mycologicum*. Vol 2. Ex Officina Berlingiana, Lundae, Sweden. 620 pp.
4. ↑ Fuckel L. (1870). Symbolae mycologicae. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der rheinischen Pilze. *Jahrbuch des Nassauischen Vereins für Naturkunde* **23–24**:1–459.
5. ↑ Template:Cite book
6. ↑ Template:Cite book

## External links

* Index Fungorum

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Irpex destruens

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***Irpex destruens*** is a species of fungus in the family Meruliaceae. A plant pathogen, it causes stump rot. It was first described scientifically by English mycologist Thomas Petch in 1909.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Petch 1909`

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Lentinus tigrinus

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***Lentinus tigrinus*** is a mushroom in the Polyporaceae family.

## Further reading

* Lentinoid and polyporoid fungi, two generic conglomerates containing important medicinal mushrooms in molecular perspective. *18(1)*. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms.

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Morchella conica

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***Morchella conica*** is an old binomial name previously applied to species of fungi in the Morchellaceae family. It is one of three scientific names that had been commonly used to describe **black morels**, the others being *M. angusticeps* and *M. elata*. It was first introduced by mycologist Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1818, as a superfluous name for the old taxon ***Morchella continua***. According to Richard and colleagues, Fries’ sanctioning applies only at the subgeneric level and the name is illegitimate.

Throughout the years, the name *M. conica* has been invariably applied to many different species by different authors, and DNA analysis in 2014 revealed that morels identified as "*M. conica*" indeed belonged to *Morchella deliciosa*, *Morchella purpurascens*, *Morchella tridentina*, and *Morchella vulgaris*.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `persoon`
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Richard2014`

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Morchella steppicola

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***Morchella steppicola***, the **morel of the steppes**, is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae (Ascomycota). Originally described from the steppic meadows of Ukraine in 1941, this ancient relic of the last ice ageTemplate:Citation needed corresponds to *Mes*-1, the earliest-diverging phylogenetic lineage in section *Esculenta*.

Other than its unique –for the genus– ecological adaptation, this species boasts some remarkable features, such as the densely "blistered" or "merulioid" ridges of its cap, a chambered stem, and strongly striate spores.

## References

1. ↑ Зерова М.Я. Новий зморшок із цілинного степу (*Morchella steppicola* Zerova sp. nov.) // Бо тан. журн. АН УРСР. — 1941. — 2, No 1. — С. 155—159.
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `O'Donnell 2011`
3. ↑ Template:Cite journal

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Hydnellum cumulatum

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***Hydnellum cumulatum*** is a tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. It was described as new to science in 1964 by Canadian mycologist Kenneth A. Harrison. The fungus is found in found in Kings County and Annapolis County, Nova Scotia (Canada), where it fruits singly, in groups, or is fused masses in stands of red pine (*Pinus resinosa*) and eastern hemlock (*Tsuga canadensis*). The fruitbody resembles that of *H. diabolus*, but lacks the acrid taste of that species. In 2009, *H. cumulatum* was reported from Sweden, having been previously misidentified as *Hydnellum scrobiculatum*.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Harrison 1964`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Arnold 2009`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Pseudopezicula tracheiphila

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***Pseudopezicula tracheiphila*** is a species of fungus in the family Helotiaceae that is found in Europe. It is a plant pathogen that affects grapes.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Korf 1986`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Hydnellum crustulinum

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***Hydnellum crustulinum*** is a tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. Found in Punjab, India, it was described as new to science in 1971 by Dutch mycologist Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Maas Geesteranus 1971`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Hygrocybe citrinovirens

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***Hygrocybe citrinovirens***, commonly called **citrine waxcap**, is a European mushroom of the waxcap genus *Hygrocybe*. It was first described scientifically in 1923 by Danish mycologist Jakob Emanuel Lange as *Camarophyllus citrinovirens*. Julius Schäffer transferred it to the genus *Hygrocybe* in 1947.

## See also

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* List of *Hygrocybe* species
* List of fungi by conservation status

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `IUCN`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Lange 1923`
3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Schäffer 1947`

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Inocybe aeruginascens

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***Inocybe aeruginascens*** is a member of the genus *Inocybe* which is widely distributed in Europe. The species was first documented by I. Ferencz in Ócsa, Hungary on June 15, 1965.

## Description

*Inocybe aeruginascens* is a small mycorrhizal mushroom with a conic to convex cap which becomes plane in age and is often fibrillose near the margin. It is usually less than 5 cm across, has a slightly darker blunt umbo and an incurved margin when young. The cap color varies from buff to light yellow brown, usually with greenish stains which disappear when the mushroom dries. The gills are adnate to nearly free, numerous, colored pale brown, grayish brown, or tobacco brown. The fruit body has greenish tones and bruises blue where damaged. The spores are smooth and ellipsoid, measuring 6–9.5 x 4.5 micrometres and forming a clay brown spore print. The stem is 2–7 cm long, 3 to 8 mm thick, and is equal width for the whole length, sometimes with some swelling at the base. It is solid, pale grey, becoming bluish green from the bottom up. The stem is fibrous and appears to be covered with fine powder near the top. It has a partial veil which often disappears in age and an unpleasant soapy odor.

## Distribution and habitat

*Inocybe aeruginascens* is widely distributed in temperate areas and has been reported in central Europe and western North America.Template:Citation needed It grows in moist sandy soils in a mycorrhizal relationship with poplar, linden, oak and willow trees.

## Edibility

No toxicology information exists on *Inocybe aeruginascens* currently, however a minimum of "23 unintentional intoxications" were reported in 1982 by Drewitz and Babos. Unintentional consumption could be due to the similarity of *Marasmius oreades*. The symptoms of "intoxication" were hallucinogenic, leading Gartz and Drewitz to eventually discover the first source of psilocybin in any *Inocybe* species. There are no known deaths directly related to consumption, however edibility is not yet conclusive.

## Biochemistry

*Inocybe aeruginascens* contains the formerly known alkaloids psilocybin, psilocin, baeocystin, as well a newly discovered indoleamine 4-phosphoryloxy-*N,N,N*-trimethyltryptamine. Jochen Gartz named this new substance aeruginascin after the mushroom species. Aeruginascin is the *N*-trimethyl analogue of psilocybin. *Inocybe aeruginascens* is the only known natural source of aeruginascin.

## See also

Template:Portal

* List of *Inocybe* species
* List of Psilocybin mushrooms

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `MCR`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Jensen2004`
3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Jensen2006`

## External links

* Extraction and analysis of indole derivatives from fungal biomass
* New Aspects of the Occurrence, Chemistry, and Cultivation of European Hallucinogen Mushrooms

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Lepiota harithaka

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***Lepiota harithaka*** is an agaric mushroom of the genus *Lepiota* in the order Agaricales. It was described as new to science in 2009. Found in Kerala State, India, fruit bodies of the fungus grow on the ground among bamboo roots.

## Taxonomy

The species was first described in 2009 in the journal *Mycotaxon*. The type collection was made on the campus of the University of Calicut in June, 2006. The specific epithet *harithaka* derives from the Sanskrit name for "greenish".

## Description

The fruit bodies have caps that are initially convex, before flattening out or becoming slightly depressed, often with a blunt umbo. The cap diameter reaches Template:Convert in diameter. Its dull white surface is covered with brown fibrillose small scales that are most numerous in the center and diminish approaching the cap margin. The cap margin is initially curved inward before straightening out in age. The pale yellow gills are free from attachment to the stem. They are crowded together, and interspersed with 8–9 tiers of lamellulae (short gills). Viewed with a hand lens, the gill edges appear fringed. The stem is roughly cylindrical, often with thicker, somewhat bulbous base. Measuring Template:Convert long by 2–4 mm thick (expanding to up to 6 mm at the base), the stem is hollow, and has a smooth, fibrillose surface. A membranous, whitish ring is located on the upper portion of the stem, but it does not last long before disintegrating. The whitish flesh is up to Template:Convert thick at the center of the cap, and lacks any distinct odor. All parts of the mushroom will stain a greyish-green color if handled.

*Lepiota harithaka* produces a yellowish white spore print. Spores are roughly elliptical to almond-shaped, hyaline (translucent) and measure 5–7 by 3–4 µm. The spore are smooth, thick-walled (up to 1 µm), and contain refractive oil droplets. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are cylindrical to club-shaped, hyaline to pale green, four-spored with sterigmata up to 5 µm long, and measure 14–20 by 5–7 µm. Cheilocystidia (cystidia on the gill edge) are crowded, typically club-shaped, and measure 20–39 by 7–21 µm; there are no cystidia on the gill faces (pleurocystidia). The cheilocystidia contain crystalline granules. Clamp connections are absent from the hyphae.

## Habitat and distribution

The fruit bodies of *Lepiota harithaka* grow singly or scattered on the ground among bamboo roots, both dead and living. The species has been recorded only from the type locality in the Malappuram District of Kerala State in India.

## See also

Template:Portal

* List of *Lepiota* species

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Kumar2009`

## External links

* Template:MycoBank

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Ascosphaera callicarpa

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***Ascosphaera callicarpa*** is a fungus common on the larval feces of the solitary bee *Chelostoma florisomne*, which nests in the Phragmites reeds of thatched roofs in Europe.

Pathogenic *Ascosphaera* species afflict only the larval stage of bees. Typically, diseased larvae die in the larval stage; in rare occurrences, however, larvae have been observed to enter pupation before being overcome by the fungus.

## Description

The mating system is heterothallic. Infected larvae appear shrunken, pale buff, covered by a weft of hyphae, with or without the production of ascomata. The ascomata are greenish (immature) to black (mature) spore cysts produced on aerial hyphae above the larval cuticle, measuring 40–119 µm in diameter. The spore wall is pale greenish to yellowish-brown, nearly smooth with minute punctae at high magnification. Spore balls are hyaline to pale yellowish, without granules, 7–20 µm in diameter, and mostly persistent. The ascospores are ellipsoid to somewhat sausage shaped, and measure 2.1–3.9 by 1.1–1.7 µm. Cultures grown on Sabouraud dextrose agar show rapid growth after 2–6 days; they are white with abundant production of spore cysts when both mating strains are present.

## Ecology and distribution

*Ascosphaera aggregate* is an obligate pathogen with a preference for bees belonging to the family Megachilidae. This species has a broad distribution, with reports from both North America and Europe.

This fast-growing saprotroph is associated primarily with solitary bees. This species is typically found growing on pollen provisions. Less common substrates from which *A. agra* has been isolated include the surface of a diseased *M. rotundata* larva with chalkbrood caused by *A. aggregate*, from pollen within the gut of an otherwise healthy *M. rotundata* larva and from the honey of *A. mellifera*. *Ascosphaera agra* is the only species of the genus that has been found growing on plant material (grass silage) outside of the bee habitat. Pathogenicity studies demonstrated that *A. agra* is not a pathogen of solitary bees; however it has been concluded that it is a weak pathogen of honeybees.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Wynns 2013`

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Infundibulicybe mediterranea

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***Infundibulicybe mediterranea*** is a species of agaric fungus in the family Tricholomataceae. Found in Mediterranean Europe, it was described as new to science in 2011. It is closely related to *Infundibulicybe gibba*, but can be distinguished from that species by its darker colored fruitbody and smaller spores, which measure 4.5–6 to 3–4 µm. The fungus is edible. It fruits singly in groups, or occasionally in rings under oaks, such as *Quercus suber* and *Quercus ilex*.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Vizzini 2011`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Leucocoprinus fragilissimus

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***Leucocoprinus fragilissimus***, commonly known as the **fragile dapperling**, is a species of gilled mushroom in the family Agaricaceae.

## Taxonomy

The species was first documented by French mycologist Narcisse Théophile Patouillard in 1900.

## Description

The cap of the fruit body is up to Template:Convert wide, bell-shaped when young and growing to convex in maturity. It has a pale yellow colour that fades with age, and white gills. The narrow stalk is between 1 and 3 mm thick and very fragile.

### Similar species

*Leucocoprinus magnicystidiosus* is a similar mushroom, with a darker disc and larger cheilocystidia.

## Habitat and distribution

Like all *Leucocoprinus* species, *L. fragilissimus* is a saprotroph, living on very decayed plant matter (humus or compost). It grows solitarily or sparsely in wooded areas. The species is found in southern North America, South America, southern Europe, Africa, southern and eastern Asia, Australia, and New Zealand.

## Toxicity and chemistry

The toxicity of this mushroom is unknown.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Roberts2011`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Patouillard1900`
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Template:Cite book
4. ↑ Mushroom, the Journal of Wild Mushrooming. Retrieved on March 28, 2012.

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Hypocreopsis rhododendri

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***Hypocreopsis rhododendri*** is an ascomycete fungus. It is commonly known as **hazel gloves** due to the resemblance of its orange-brown, radiating lobes to rubber gloves, and because it is found on hazel (*Corylus avellana*) stems.

## Distribution

*Hypocreopsis rhododendri* is found on the hyperoceanic west coasts of Britain and Ireland, in the Atlantic Pyrenees in south western France, and in the Appalachian mountains in the eastern United States.

## Habitat

In the Appalachian mountains, *H. rhododendri* was originally found growing on *Rhododendron maximum*, and was subsequently found on *Kalmia latifolia* and *Quercus* sp.

In Europe, *H. rhododendri* is found in Atlantic hazel woodland, mainly on hazel stems. It has never been found on *Rhododendron* species.

## Host

Although *H. rhododendri* is found on woody stems, it has been suggested that it is not a wood-decay fungus, but is instead a parasite of the wood-decay fungus *Hymenochaete corrugata*.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `coppins`
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `thaxter`
3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `ainsworth`
4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `buchanan`
5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `hansen`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum
* Report on hazel gloves Hypocreopsis rhododendri, a UK BAP ascomycete fungus. English Nature Research Report.
* Hazel gloves. Scottish Natural Heritage.
* Scottish Fungi: Hazel gloves research news.

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Hypotrachyna indica

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***Hypotrachyna indica*** is a species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in India, it was described as new to science in 2011.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Lumbsch 2011`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Inocybe haemacta

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***Inocybe haemacta*** is a species of fungus in the genus *Inocybe*. It is found in Europe.

## Biochemistry

*Inocybe haemacta* contains the compounds psilocybin and psilocin.

## See also

Template:Portal

* List of *Inocybe* species
* List of Psilocybin mushrooms

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Stijve1985`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Johnson 1998`

Template:Hallucinogenic mushrooms
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Hydnum ovoideisporum

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***Hydnum ovoideisporum*** is a species of fungus in the family Hydnaceae native to the southern Europe.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `feng16`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `vizzini12`

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Lycoperdon lividum

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***Lycoperdon lividum***, commonly known as the **grassland puffball**, is a type of puffball mushroom in the genus *Lycoperdon*. It is found in Europe, where it grows on sandy soil in pastures, dunes, and heaths, especially in coastal areas. It fruits in autumn. It was first described scientifically in 1809 by Christian Hendrik Persoon.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Phillips 2013`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Leucopaxillus gentianeus

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***Leucopaxillus gentianeus*** is a bitter-tasting, inedible mushroom commonly known as the **bitter false funnelcap**, or the **bitter brown leucopaxillus**. A common synonym is *Leucopaxillus amarus*. The bitter taste is caused by a triterpene called cucurbitacin B. The species was first described in 1873 as *Clitocybe gentianea* by French mycologist Lucien Quélet. František Kotlaba transferred it to *Leucopaxillus* in 1966.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Clericuzio 2004`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Kotlaba 1966`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum
* Mushroom Expert Description and more information

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Lepiota shveta

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***Lepiota shveta*** is an agaric fungus of the genus *Lepiota* in the order Agaricales. Described as new to science in 2009, it is found in Kerala State, India.

## Taxonomy

The species was first described in the journal *Mycotaxon* in 2009, based on collections made on the campus of the University of Calicut in November 2004. The specific epithet *shveta* derives from the Sanskrit word for "white".

## Description

Fruit bodies have caps that are initially egg-shaped before expanding to become conical or convex and eventually flat, ultimately attaining a diameter of Template:Convert wide. The cap surface is white, and covered with powdery bran-like particles, especially near the center. The cap margin, initially curved inward before straightening out in age, is fringed with pieces of the partial veil, and can develop cracks that may extend almost to the center of the cap. The gills are free from attachment to the stem, and close to crowded, with 2–3 tiers of interspersed lamellulae (short gills). The gill edges are minutely fringed. The stem is roughly cylindrical, hollow, and measures Template:Convert long by Template:Convert thick. The stem surface is white, but becomes pale brownish orange when handled. The surface texture is fibrillose (as if made of smooth, silky fibers), and has tiny, pressed-down scales. The stem bears a white, fibrillose ring on its upper half, but the ring does not last long before disintegrating. The white flesh is up to 1 mm thick, and has no distinctive odor.

*Lepiota shveta* produces a white spore print. The spores are oblong to somewhat cylindrical, hyaline (translucent), and measure 6–9.5 by 3.5–5 µm. They are smooth, and contain small oil droplets. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are club-shaped, four-spored with sterigmata up to 4.5 µm long, and measure 17–24 by 6.5–8.5 µm. Cheilocystidia (cystidia on the gill edge) are club-shaped or somewhat cylindrical, thin-walled, hyaline, and measure 14–32 by 7–13 µm; there are no cystidia on the gill face (pleurocystidia).

## Habitat and distribution

The fruit bodies of *Lepiota shveta* grow singly or scattered on the ground and in decaying leaf litter. The species is known only from the type locality, where it is fairly common.

## See also

Template:Portal

* List of *Lepiota* species

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Kumar2009`

## External links

* Template:MycoBank

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Hygrophoropsis rufescens

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***Hygrophoropsis rufescens*** is a species of fungus in the family Hygrophoropsidaceae. Originally described as *Cantharellus rufescens* by French mycologist Lucien Quélet in 1886, it was transferred to *Hygrophoropsis* by Rolf Singer in 1986.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Singer 1986`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

Template:Taxonbar

Template:Boletales-stub
Melanomphalia

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***Melanomphalia*** is a genus of fungi in the Tricholomataceae family. The genus is monotypic, containing the single species ***Melanomphalia nigrescens***, found in Europe. The species was first described by M.P. Christensen in 1936.

## See also

Template:Portal

* List of Tricholomataceae genera

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Kirk2008`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Christiansen1936`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

Template:Taxonbar

Template:Tricholomataceae-stub
Lyophyllum decastes

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***Lyophyllum decastes***, commonly known as the **fried chicken mushroom**, is an edible species of fungus in the family Lyophyllaceae that grows in clusters on disturbed ground, with a faintly radish-like taste.

## Appearance

Gills are white but may yellow slightly with age. The firm flesh remains white on exposure.

## Ecology

Growing in dense, even huge clusters on the ground, *L. decastes* is usually found where the ground has been disturbed such as roadbeds, gravel, paths, landscaping areas, and sometimes in woods.

## Range

Prolific in summer and fall until spring on the U.S. West Coast, it is widely distributed in North America.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Phyla and decastes description

## Further reading

* Breitenbach, J. & Kränzlin, F. (1991). *Fungi of Switzerland.* Volume 3: Boletes and Agarics (1st Part). Strobilomycetaceae, Boletaceae, Paxillaceae, Gomphidiaceae, Hygrophoraceae, Tricholomataceae, Polyporaceae (lamellate). Verlag Mykologia: Luzern, Switzerland. p. 361.
* Moncalvo, J.-M. , Rehner, S. A. & Vilgalys, R. (1993). "Systematics of Lyophyllum Section Difformia Based on Evidence from Culture Studies and Ribosomal DNA Sequences". *Mycologia 85*(5): 788–794.

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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Hygrophorus penarioides

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***Hygrophorus penarioides*** is a species of mushroom in the Hygrophoraceae. Found in Sweden, it grows in a mycorrhizal association with oak trees. It was formerly identified as *Hygrophorus penarius*, a similar species typically found in association with both beech and oak; analysis of internal transcribed spacer sequence data demonstrated that the species were different.

## See also

Template:Portal

* List of *Hygrophorus* species

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Jacobsson2007`

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Hygrophoropsis rufa

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***Hygrophoropsis rufa*** is a species of fungus in the family Hygrophoropsidaceae. It is found in Europe, where it grows on woodchips or near conifer stumps.

## Taxonomy

Originally described by Derek Reid in 1972 as a variety of *Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca*, it was raised to distinct species status in 2008. Molecular analysis of DNA sequences confirms its genetic uniqueness, and its status as sister species to *H. aurantiaca*.

## Description

The fruit body has an orange- to dark brown cap, which is up to 10 cm (4 in) across. The stipe, flesh and decurrent gills are all orange. The gills are forked. *Hygrophoropsis rufa* can have a penetrating ozone-like smell, reportedly reminiscent of an orchid species *Oncidium ornithorhynchum* or a photocopier.

Spores of *H. rufa* are thick-walled and have an ellipsoid shape, and measure 5.6–6.4 by 3.6–4.4 micrometres (μm). They have a strongly dextrinoid staining reaction with Melzer's reagent (resulting in a reddish-brown colour), although not all spores will react. Microscopically, the cells of the cap cuticle are arranged in the form of a trichoderm, where the outermost hyphae emerge roughly parallel, like hairs, perpendicular to the cap surface. These hyphae are of three types: broad, thick-walled and hyaline (translucent); filiform (threadlike); or with granular golden-brown contents. In contrast, the cap cuticle of *H. aurantiaca* is arranged as a uniformly tangled cutis (with hyphae parallel to the pileus surface).

## Habitat and distribution

A rare species, *H. rufa* has been recorded in the United Kingdom, Austria, Germany, and Denmark, although unconfirmed internet photos suggest a wider range that includes France and Slovakia. A saprophytic fungus, it fruits on woodchips or near conifer stumps.

## References

1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Reid 1972`
2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Knudsen 2008`
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Holec 2013`
4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `urlBoletales`
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Kibby 2012`

## External links

* Template:IndexFungorum

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