Thief

***Thief*** is a 1981 American neo-noir crime film written, produced and directed by Michael Mann in his feature film debut. It is based on the 1975 novel *The Home Invaders: Confessions of a Cat Burglar* by "Frank Hohimer" (the pen name of real-life jewel thief John Seybold). The film stars James Caan as the titular thief, a professional safecracker trying to escape his life of crime, and Tuesday Weld as his girlfriend. The supporting cast includes Willie Nelson, James Belushi, Dennis Farina, and Robert Prosky. The original musical score was composed and performed by Tangerine Dream.

## Plot

Frank (James Caan) is a jewel thief and ex-convict who has a set structure to his life. With a pair of successful Chicago businesses (a bar and a car dealership) as fronts for his criminal enterprise, Frank sets out to fulfill the missing part of his life vision: a family with Jessie (Tuesday Weld), a cashier he has begun dating.

After taking down a major diamond score, Frank gives the diamonds to his fence, Joe Gags. However, before Frank can collect his share, Gags is murdered for skimming from the mob collection money. Barry (James Belushi), Frank's friend and associate making the pick-up, discovers that a plating company executive Gags was working for, Attaglia, is responsible for Gags' murder and stealing Frank's payoff. In a confrontation at Attaglia's plating company, Frank demands his money back.

This leads to a meeting with Attaglia's employer Leo (Robert Prosky), a high-level fence and Chicago Outfit boss. Unknown to Frank, Leo has been receiving Frank's goods from Gags for some time. He admires Frank's eye for quality stolen goods and professionalism, and wants him working directly for him, offering Frank large profits. Their meeting is monitored from a distance by police surveillance.

At first Frank is reluctant, not wanting the added exposure or complications. But later that night, conversation with Jessie changes his mind when she agrees to be part of his life, after he relates a tale of prison survival by way of a toughened mental attitude. Frank now agrees to do just one big score for Leo, telling Barry that this will be their last job. After being rejected at the state adoption agency, with Leo's help Frank is able to acquire a baby boy on the black market, whom he names David after his mentor, nicknamed Okla (Willie Nelson).

After resisting a shakedown from a group of corrupt police detectives, and then subsequently ditching their surveillance, Frank and his crew are involved in a large-scale West Coast diamond heist organized by Leo. All goes well with Frank's "burn job" and he is expecting the agreed-upon sum of $830,000 for the unmounted stones of wholesale value $4 million. But when Frank returns from the job, Leo gives him less than $100,000. This is all that Frank will receive in cash according to Leo, who says he invested the rest of Frank's cut in shopping centers, an idea Frank had previously rejected. In addition, Leo sets up a Palm Beach score for Frank in six weeks without consulting him. Frank tells Leo that their deal is over and takes the cash as he leaves, demanding the rest of his money in 24 hours.

Frank drives to his car lot unaware that Leo's henchmen have already beaten and captured Barry, and are waiting in ambush. Frank is knocked out and Barry is killed by Carl, one of Leo's enforcers. Frank awakens with Leo staring down at him, surrounded by his henchmen. Leo informs him that he, Jessie, their child, and everything he owns are Leo's property. He threatens Frank's family if he does not continue working for him. Leo warns Frank to focus on his responsibilities. Frank returns home. He orders an uncomprehending Jessie out of their house, telling her their marriage is over. He instructs an associate to drive her, the baby and $410,000 in cash to somewhere where they cannot be found, informing Jessie that more money will be coming at regular intervals, but that he will not be joining her.

With nothing to lose, Frank blows up their home using high-explosive charges. He then drives to his business establishments and does the same. Armed with a pistol, he quietly breaks into Leo's house in a peaceful neighborhood and pistol whips Attaglia in the kitchen. Frank hunts for Leo, killing him in the living room. Frank then pursues Attaglia as he tries to escape from the house, but is confronted in the front yard by Carl and another henchman. In the ensuing gunfight, Frank is shot, but manages to kill the trio. Frank loosens what appears to be a bulletproof vest he was wearing beneath his jacket, and walks away into the night.

## Cast

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* James Caan as Frank
* Tuesday Weld as Jessie
* Willie Nelson as Okla/David
* James Belushi as Barry
* Robert Prosky as Leo
* Tom Signorelli as Attaglia
* Dennis Farina as Carl
* Nick Nickeas as Nick
* W.R. Bill Brown as Mitch
* Norm Tobin as Guido
* William Petersen as Katz & Jammer Bartender
* John Santucci as Urizzi
* Gavin MacFadyen as Boreksco
* Chuck Adamson as Ancell
* Sam Cirone as Martello
* Spero Anast as Bukowski
* Hal Frank as Joe Gags
* Patti Ross as Marie

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## Production

*Thief* marked the feature film debut of Michael Mann as director, screenwriter and executive producer, after five years in television drama.

Mann made his directorial debut with the TV movie *The Jericho Mile*. This was partly shot in Folsom Prison. Mann says that influenced the writing of *Thief*:

> It probably informed my ability to imagine what Frank’s life was like, where he was from, and what those 12 or 13 years in prison were like for him.. The idea of creating his character, was to have somebody who has been outside of society. An outsider who has been removed from the evolution of everything from technology to the music that people listen to, to how you talk to a girl, to what do you want with your life and how do you go about getting it. Everything that’s normal development, that we experience, he was excluded from, by design. In the design of the character and the engineering of the character, that was the idea.
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Mann made James Caan do research as a thief for his role.

> I always find it interesting, people who are aware, alert, conscious of what they do and are pretty good at it… People who want to put in 50-60 hours a week and go home and are not really conscious of life moving by, don’t really interest me very much... As part of the curriculum designed for an actor getting into character, I try to imagine what’s going to really help bring this actor more fully into character. And so I try to imagine what experiences are going to make more dimensional his intake of Frank, so that he is Frank spontaneously when I’m shooting. So one of the most obvious things is it’d be pretty good if [James Caan] was as good at doing what Frank does as is Frank.
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Jerry Bruckheimer and Ronnie Caan served as the film's producers.

James Caan's emotional several-minute monologue with Weld in a coffee shop is often cited as the film's high point, and Caan has long considered the scene his favorite of his career. The actor liked the movie although he found the part challenging to play. "I like to be emotionally available but this guy is available to nothing."

Being Michael Mann's feature film directorial debut, *Thief* showcases many of the cinematic techniques that would be his trademarks in the years to come. Chief among these is the cinematography, utilizing light and shadow to give the proceedings, especially those taking place in the darkness of night, a sense of danger. The film also earns plaudits for its meticulous attention to detail: the tools and techniques of the trade, right down to the oxy lance used to penetrate a safe, are authentic, the result of Mann's decision to hire real-life thieves to serve as technical advisers.

*Thief* marks the first film appearance of actors Dennis Farina, William Petersen, James Belushi and Robert Prosky. At the time a Chicago police officer, Farina appears as a henchman. Conversely, John Santucci, who plays the role of corrupt cop Urizzi, was a recently paroled thief and acted as a technical adviser on *Thief.* In 1986, Farina and Santucci both were cast in Michael Mann's TV series *Crime Story*, Farina as a Chicago police lieutenant and Santucci as a jewel thief. Petersen, who later would star (along with Farina) in the Mann film *Manhunter*, appears briefly as a barman at a club.

Michael Mann originally intended to score the music with Chicago Blues. He said, "However, I felt that what the film was saying, thematically, and the facility with which the film might be able to have resonance with audience. I felt that to be so regionally specific in the music choice would make Frank’s experience specific only to Frank…So I wanted the kind of transparency, if you like, the formality of electronic music, and hence Tangerine Dream.”

Originally titled *Violent Streets*, the film debuted at the 34th Cannes Film Festival. It went on to open in theaters in the United States on March 27, 1981, earning a modest $4.3 million. While not a financial success in its initial release, the film has become a reference point in Mann's career, especially with the release of his crime epic, *Heat*, with which this movie has many similarities.

The still of Frank holding a gun on Attaglia as he attempts to recover his money in an early scene was used for one of the movie's posters.

Near the end of the film, Frank destroys his house. The film company built a false front onto a real house and attempted to destroy it with explosives. The explosions severely damaged the real house, however, leading to its demolition.

### Music

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Mann has gained a reputation as a director on the cutting-edge when it comes to the music for his films. *Thief'*s moody soundscapes were composed and performed by Tangerine Dream, and was the first of many notable film scores composed by the group throughout the 1980s. The film was nominated for a Razzie Award for Worst Musical Score.

## Reception

The movie received widespread critical acclaim. It holds a 93% rating on review site Rotten Tomatoes, based on 30 reviews, with an average rating of 7.7/10. Roger Ebert described *Thief* as "one of the most intelligent thrillers I've seen" and gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars, writing that the film's only major flaw was a failure to develop the subplot featuring Willie Nelson's character more fully:
"Willie has played the character so well that we wanted more."

## References

1. ↑ Staff. "Review: *Thief*", *Variety*, Penske Media Corporation, December 31, 1980. Retrieved on July 15, 2017.
2. ↑ Movies: James Caan: Frustrated star talks tough about his career Tough talk from a frustrated star
Siskel, Gene. Chicago Tribune (1963–Current file) [Chicago, Ill] May 11, 1980: d2.
3. ↑ Thief. Internet Movie Database. Retrieved on July 15, 2017.
4. ↑ Silver, Alain; Ward, Elizabeth; eds. (1992). *Film Noir: An Encyclopedic Reference to the American Style* (3rd ed.). Woodstock, New York: The Overlook Press. Template:ISBN
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Jagernauth, Kevin (6 February 2014). Interview: Michael Mann Talks Making ‘Thief,’ The Importance Of Authenticity & What’s Coming In His Next Film.
6. ↑ James Caan, *Thief* DVD audio commentary
7. ↑ At the Movies Chase, Chris. New York Times (1923–Current file) [New York, N.Y] April 3, 1981: C6.
8. ↑ Festival de Cannes: Thief. *festival-cannes.com*. Retrieved on June 3, 2009.
9. ↑ Wilson, John (2005). *The Official Razzie Movie Guide: Enjoying the Best of Hollywood's Worst*. Grand Central Publishing. ISBN 0-446-69334-0.
10. ↑ Ebert, Roger (1981). Thief, accessed May 1, 2014

## External links

* *Thief* at the Internet Movie Database
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* Template:Rotten Tomatoes
* *Thief: Where Nothing Means Nothing* an essay by Nick James at the Criterion Collection

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