Family Polymorphidae

## Source: Wikipedia

The thorny-headed worm family **Polymorphidae** contains endoparasites which as adults feed mainly in fish and aquatic birds. When this taxon was erected by Meyer in 1931, a subfamily **Polymorphinae** was established in it. As the Polymorphidae as presently understood would then be monotypic, with no basal genera outside the Polymorphinae, the proposed subfamily is redundant for the time being and therefore most modern treatments simply omit it. *Polymorphus minutus* is an economically significant parasite in goose and duck farming.

## Species

Polymorphidae contains the following species:

***Andracantha*** Schmidt, 1975

* ***Andracantha baylisi*** (Zdzitowiecki, 1986) Zdzitowiecki, 1989
* ***Andracantha clavata*** (Goss, 1940)

***Andracantha gravida*** (Alegret, 1941) Schmidt, 1975

* ***Andracantha mergi*** Lundström, 1942
* ***Andracantha phalacrocoracis*** (Yamaguti, 1939)
* ***Andracantha tandemtesticulata*** Monteiro, Amato & Amato, 2006
* ***Andracantha tunitae*** (Weiss, 1914)

***Ardeirhynchus*** Dimitrova and Georgiev, 1994

* ***Ardeirhynchus spiralis*** (Rudolphi, 1809)

*Arhythmorhynchus* Lühe, 1911

* *Arhythmorhynchus capellae* (Yamaguti, 1935)
* *Arhythmorhynchus comptus* Van Cleave & Rausch, 1950
* *Arhythmorhynchus distinctus* Baer, 1956
* *Arhythmorhynchus eroliae* (Yamaguti, 1939)
* *Arhythmorhynchus frassoni* (Molin, 1858)
* *Arhythmorhynchus frontospinosus* (Tubangui, 1935)
* *Arhythmorhynchus jeffreyi* Schmidt, 1973
* *Arhythmorhynchus johnstoni* Golvan, 1960
* *Arhythmorhynchus limosae* Edmonds, 1971
* *Arhythmorhynchus petrochenkoi* (Schmidt, 1969)
* *Arhythmorhynchus plicatus* (von Linstow, 1883)
* *Arhythmorhynchus pumiliorostris* Van Cleave, 1916
* *Arhythmorhynchus rubicundus* (Molin, 1859)
* *Arhythmorhynchus siluricola* Dollfus, 1929
* *Arhythmorhynchus suecicus* Lundström, 1942
* *Arhythmorhynchus teres* Van Cleave, 1920
* *Arhythmorhynchus tigrinus* Moghe and Das, 1953
* *Arhythmorhynchus trichocephalus* (Leuckart, 1876)
* *Arhythmorhynchus tringi* Gubanov, 1952
* *Arhythmorhynchus turbidus* (Van Cleave, 1937)
* *Arhythmorhynchus uncinatus* (Kaiser, 1893) Lühe, 1912
* *Arhythmorhynchus villoti* Golvan, 1994
* *Arhythmorhynchus xeni* Atrashkevich, 1978

*Bolbosoma* Porta, 1908

* *Bolbosoma australis* Skrjabin, 1972
* *Bolbosoma balaenae* (Gmelin, 1790)
* *Bolbosoma brevicolle* (Malm, 1867)
* *Bolbosoma caenoforme* Heitz, 1920
* *Bolbosoma capitatum* (Linstow, 1880)
* *Bolbosoma hamiltoni* Baylis, 1929
* *Bolbosoma heteracanthis* (Heitz, 1917)
* *Bolbosoma nipponicum* Yamaguti, 1939
* *Bolbosoma scomberomori* Wang, 1981
* *Bolbosoma tuberculata* Skrjabin, 1970
* *Bolbosoma turbinella* (Diesing, 1851)
* *Bolbosoma vasculosum* (Rudolphi, 1819)

*Corynosoma* Lühe, 1904

* *Corynosoma alaskense* Golvan, 1958
* *Corynosoma australe* Johnston, 1937
* *Corynosoma beaglense* Laskowski, Jeżewski & Zdzitowiecki, 2008
* *Corynosoma bullosum* (Linstow, 1892)
* *Corynosoma cameroni* Van Cleave, 1953
* *Corynosoma capsicum* Golvan and Mokhayer, 1973
* *Corynosoma cetaceum* Johnston & Best, 1942
* *Corynosoma curilense* Gubanov, 1942
* *Corynosoma enhydri* Morozov, 1940
* *Corynosoma eperlani* (Linstow, 1884)
* *Corynosoma erignathi* Stryukov, 2000
* *Corynosoma evae* Zdzitowiecki, 1984
* *Corynosoma falcatum* Van Cleave, 1953
* *Corynosoma gibsoni* Zdzitowiecki, 1986
* *Corynosoma hadweni* Van Cleave, 1953
* *Corynosoma hamanni* (Linstow, 1892)
* *Corynosoma hannae* Zdzitowiecki, 1984
* *Corynosoma longilemniscatus* Machado-Filho, 1961
* *Corynosoma macrosomum* Neiland, 1962
* *Corynosoma magdaleni* Montreuil, 1958
* *Corynosoma mandarinca* Oshmarin, 1963
* *Corynosoma obtuscens* Lincicome, 1943
* *Corynosoma osmeri* Fujita, 1921
* *Corynosoma otariae* Morini and Boero, 1961
* *Corynosoma pseudohamanni* Zdzitowiecki, 1984
* *Corynosoma pyriforme* (Bremser, 1824)
* *Corynosoma rauschi* Golvan, 1958
* *Corynosoma reductum* (Linstow, 1905)
* *Corynosoma semerme* (Forssell, 1904)
* *Corynosoma septentrionale* Treshchev, 1966
* *Corynosoma seropedicus* Machado-Filho, 1970
* *Corynosoma shackletoni* Zdzitowiecki, 1978
* *Corynosoma simile* Neiland, 1962
* *Corynosoma stanleyi* Smales, 1986
* *Corynosoma strumosum* (Rudolphi, 1802) Lühe, 1904
* *Corynosoma sudsuche* Belopolskaia, 1958
* *Corynosoma validum* Van Cleave, 1953
* *Corynosoma ventronudum* Skrjabin, 1959
* *Corynosoma villosum* Van Cleave, 1953
* *Corynosoma wegeneri* Heinze, 1934

*Diplospinifer* Fukui, 1929

* *Diplospinifer serpenticola* Fukui, 1929

*Filicollis* Lühe, 1911

* *Filicollis anatis* (Schrank, 1788)
* *Filicollis trophimenkoi* Atrashkevich, 1982

*Ibirhynchus* García-Valera, Pérez-Ponce de León, Aznar and Nadler, 2011

* *Ibirhynchus dimorpha* (Schmidt, 1973)

*Neoandracantha* Amin & Heckmann, 2017

* *Neoandracantha peruensis* Amin & Heckmann, 2017

***Polymorphus*** Lühe, 1911

The genus polymorphus uses amphipod crustaceans as intermediate hosts and various birds as final hosts. The genus used to be a larger group, but species that were formerly placed in the genus have now been placed in the genus *Profilicollis* based on morphological characteristics and the use of decapod crustaceans as intermediate hosts.

* *Polymorphus actuganensis* Petrochenko, 1949
* *Polymorphus acutis* Van Cleave and Starrett, 1940
* *Polymorphus arctocephali* Smales, 1986
* *Polymorphus ariusis* (Bilqees, 1971)
* *Polymorphus biziurae* Johnston and Edmonds, 1948
* *Polymorphus boschadis* (Schrank, 1788)
* *Polymorphus brevis* (Van Cleave, 1916)
* *Polymorphus chongqingensis* Liu, Zhang and Zhang, 1990
* *Polymorphus cincli* Belopolskaya, 1959
* *Polymorphus contortus* (Bremser in Westrumb, 1821)
* *Polymorphus corynoides* Skrjabin, 1913
* *Polymorphus corynosoma* Travassos, 1915
* *Polymorphus crassus* Van Cleave, 1924
* *Polymorphus cucullatus* Van Cleave and Starrett, 1940
* *Polymorphus diploinflatus* Lundström, 1942
* *Polymorphus fatimaae* Khan, Dharejo, Birmani and Bilqees, 2008
* *Polymorphus fulicai* Birmani, Dharejo and Khan, 2011
* *Polymorphus gavii* Hokhlova, 1965
* *Polymorphus inermis* Travassos, 1923
* *Polymorphus karachiensis* (Bilqees, 1971)
* *Polymorphus kostylewi* Petrochenko, 1949
* *Polymorphus magnus* Skrjabin, 1913
* *Polymorphus marchii* (Porta, 1910)
* *Polymorphus marilis* Van Cleave, 1939
* *Polymorphus mathevossianae* Petrochenko, 1949
* *Polymorphus meyeri* Lundström, 1942
* *Polymorphus miniatus* (von Linstow, 1896)
* *Polymorphus minutus* (Goeze, 1782)
* *Polymorphus mohiuddini* Muti-ur-Rahman, Khan, Bilqees and Khatoon, 2008
* *Polymorphus mutabilis* (Rudolphi, 1819)
* *Polymorphus nickoli* Khan and Bilqees, 1998
* *Polymorphus obtusus* Van Cleave, 1918
* *Polymorphus paradoxus* Connell and Corner, 1957
* *Polymorphus paucihamatus* Heinze, 1936
* *Polymorphus phippsi* Kostylew, 1922
* *Polymorphus piriformis* (Bremser in Rudolphi, 1819)
* *Polymorphus pupa* (von Linstow, 1905)
* *Polymorphus sichuanensis* Wang and Zhang, 1987
* *Polymorphus sindensis* Khan, Ghazi and Bilqees, 2002
* *Polymorphus spindlatus* Amin and Heckmann, 1991
* *Polymorphus striatus* (Goeze, 1782)
* *Polymorphus strumosoides* Lundström, 1942
* *Polymorphus swartzi* Schmidt, 1965
* *Polymorphus trochus* Van Cleave, 1945

*Profilicollis* Meyer, 1931

* *Profilicollis altmani* (Perry, 1942) Van Cleave, 1947
* *Profilicollis antarcticus* (Zdzitowiecki, 1985)
* *Profilicollis arcticus* (Van Cleave, 1920)
* *Profilicollis botulus* (Van Cleave, 1916)
* *Profilicollis chasmagnathi* (Holcman-Spector, Mañé-Garzón & Dei-Cas, 1977) Golvan, 1994
* *Profilicollis formosus* (Schmidt & Kuntz, 1967)
* *Profilicollis major* (Lundström, 1942)
* *Profilicollis novaezelandensis* Brockerhoff & Smales, 2002
* *Profilicollis sphaerocephalus* (Bremser in Rudolphi, 1819)

*Pseudocorynosoma* Aznar, Pérez-Ponce de León & Raga, 2006

* *Pseudocorynosoma anatarium* (Van Cleave, 1945) Aznar, Pérez-Ponce de León & Raga, 2006
* *Pseudocorynosoma constrictum* (Van Cleave, 1918) Aznar, Pérez-Ponce de León & Raga, 2006
* *Pseudocorynosoma enrietti* (Molfi & Fernandes, 1953) Aznar, Pérez-Ponce de León & Raga, 2006
* *Pseudocorynosoma iheringi* (Machado-Filho, 1961) Aznar, Pérez-Ponce de León & Raga, 2006
* *Pseudocorynosoma peposacae* (Porta, 1914) Aznar, Pérez-Ponce de León & Raga, 2006
* *Pseudocorynosoma tepehuanesi* García-Varela, Henández-Orts & Pinacho-Pinacho, 2017

***Southwellina*** Witenberg, 1932

* ***Southwellina hispida*** (Van Cleave, 1925)
* ***Southwellina macracanthus*** (Ward and Winter, 1952)
* ***Southwellina sacra*** Bhattacharya, Pande & Srivastaca, 2002

***Tenuisoma***

* ***Tenuisoma tarapungi***

*T. tarapungi* was found in the intestines of the red-billed gull (*Chroicocephalus scopulinus*) on the coast of Otago, New Zealand.

## Notes

1. **^** A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than the present genus.