Constitutional History

The Constitution of the Triumvirate is a historic document, the chief file in the Triumvirate, the most widely recognized piece of legislation existent in the Triumvirate. As such it has always been very important to document the history of the Constitution.

## The Beginning of the Triumvirate, 2009 and 2010

The original Constitution (which is now generally referred to as the initial draft and not very official) was first drafted in early September of 2009 by Zerouh, the founder of the Triumvirate. Original Clans such as EE, CELTHES, and Kaiser Blade joined and signed under this Constitution. The version which is generally agreed upon as being the official first version had eighteen articles which were highly basic and looked like such:

**The Constitution of Zerouh's Triumvirate**
* 1. *Those allied under the Triumvirate are allied to all others within the Triumvirate.*
* 2. *The Triumvirate is to be respected. Those against it are not enemies, but fools.*
* 3. *Those acting against the Triumvirate are enemies who will be dealt with.*
* 4. *Attacking those who are defenseless will not be accepted on either side.*
* 5. *Only with destruction can things be created.*
* 6. *Loyalty to the Triumvirate and all bound to it is divided into different levels though it must be existent.*
* 7. Those allied under the Triumvirate must display the Triumvirate symbol second to their own clan symbol, be it on clan page, website, or clan Forums.
* 8. *The original three members of the Triumvirate, EE, Kaiser Blade, and Celthes are superior to those other allied for now though it can be changed. This does not give them power to control others without jurisdiction but are superior in a way to be more respected and honored.*
* 9. *Each clan is led by their clan leader who controls their own clans choices with whatever government or system is already set up inside the clan. Each clan leader works in a council with Zerouh if it is designated of being in the top council.*
* 10. *If a clan wishes to withdraw from the Triumvirate they must do so peacefully*
* 11. *If the Triumvirate falls, those with the intelligence and justice to rebuild it must rally together and reinstate The Triumvirate under the constitution and previous applications.*
* 12. *The Triumvirate was formed on the basis of destroying corruptionests, spies, and hackers. Use of any of those will involve retribution*
* 13. *Forging revolts from within the Triumvirate and/or by using corrupt declarations and motives against the Triumvirate as a whole, Those allied under the Triumvirate, and Zerouh is a foolish and insignificant move which will be shut down.*
* 14. *New Constitutions or edits to existing ones may be instated.*
* 15. *All have the right to seek knowledge so long as it does not go against other amendments.*
* 16. *All have the complete right to rebel against The Triumvirate and Zerouh, should they see it fit.*
* 17. *This is not a Monarchy, but an Intellectual government.*
* 18. *No matter how large the Triumvirate gets, it is intelligence that makes us powerful, not numbers.*

Eventually the time came however, where this was to basic and the entire government was restructured starting with the formation of the executive branch on January 27th of 2010 by Zerouh, Ehtya, Ascencia, and Stavrok. At this point a large amount of the Constitution was removed and several significant additions were made. This point in time has been called the true genesis of Triumvirate politics. This true Constitution, which contained eighteen articles (and an additional saved article for the predicted Triumvirate World project) gave birth to the executive branch, brilliantly designed so that very specified and intelligent individuals would be the ones making significant decisions and running what was necessary. Clans rights were preserved and this set of Executives was not allowed (and still is not) allowed to command these clans against their lawful desires. The Executive Branch at this time, could amend and change the constitution as it pleased providing a simple majority of executives were for it. The executive branch consisted of seven positions: A Head of Management (present day Head of Clan Relations), a Head of Knowledge (present day Head of Intelligence), a Chief of Jurisdiction (Present day Chief Ambassador), a Head of Finance (same as the present day Head of Commerce and Industry and the Head of the Treasury as the position was later split into those two), a Head of Media (same as the present day Head of Media), a Military Representative (since removed), and the idealist behind it all: Zerouh.

The Constitution was edited on March 13th of 2010 to add the failed "Social Branch" system which would do almost nothing and remain in the constitution until repealed and forgot about on May 25th of the same year.

On March 16th of 2010, one of the largest amendments in Triumvirate history was formed changing what was "article sixteen" (the article dictating the military line of command) creating the War General position (a position commanding the military that is outside of the executive branch). This was one of the first examples of the executive branch displaying it's political power and, together, amending the Constitution. On the 21st of March of the same year, two additional executive positions were added: The Head of Disaster Preparation and the Head of Risk Analysis giving the Executive Branch a count of nine positions. On this same day, mandate powers (ability to, if a group of executives agree, force another executive to do something pertaining to their position) were made constitutional. On the 25th of the same month two amendments were made that some would argue affected the Triumvirate the most: The first made it harder to elect executives by making it a two-thirds vote in favor to do so, The second made it harder to impeach executives by making it a two-thirds vote as well to remove them (this was repealed by the executive branch on the second of August in 2010 to make executives more elite and effective by making them easier to remove). On April 21st, the executive branch passed an amendment giving all the right to present their case, though, due to the broken court system, cases were presented to the Executive Branch.

The next large change in Triumvirate politics took place on May 14th of 2010 in which, after a large amount of discussion and debate, the Executive Branch formed the Administrative Branch. Those executives who worked on and voted upon Administrative Branch are some of the best known as they are the people who gave power to the people and the elite in the Triumvirate. These include historical Executives such as Ehtya, Ascencia, Red, and Zerouh. The Administrative Branch gave each clan a say and the right to deny constitutional amendments made by the executive branch if they thought they were unjust or not acceptable. This not only began a new era of checks and balances for the Triumvirate, but also gave the Head of Clan Relations (an executive position) a very large and new role in the Triumvirate as the liaison between the executives and the administrators.

On June 8th of 2010, financial policy was made constitutional law by stating that while the Head of Finance was to organize, raise, and keep the money, the executive branch would have to approve spending. This amendment preceded the Triumvirate's original Head of Finance, Stavrok's, resignation from office. This created article seventeen (and replaced the previous article stating that it would detail Triumvirate World policies). However, this article was made into simple policy the following March first (thus changing the article seventeen title to Executive trials). On the 17th of the same month (June) the Constitution was amended to give full freedom of speech in Triumvirate domains but still ensure that if leaders or private domains wished to regulate speech, they may do so. On the 20th of June the Constitution was amended once again to create "executive ranks" so that the younger executives could not access restricted material while the senior executives could. The 23rd of this month gave the Constitution one of it's only articles which could not be removed with a executive decision but required more votes. This article stated that the Triumvirate could not join under other forces and that this could only be removed or not taken into effect if eight-ninths of the Executives in office stated so.

That 16th of August was the day the Executive Branch passed a large amendment describing the court system and how the legal process of trial would work. This created article four followed by article two describing the Executive Branch and article three describing the Administrative Branch. On third of September, the executive branch passed an amendment to state that if there were less than six administrators in the administrative branch, the amendments the executive branch had passed itself would pass regardless of the administrative step. This was of vast importance at the time as the member count was low and participation in the administrative branch from the clans was not high. On September 15th the Constitution was amended to state that when there were less than four executives in office, the Constitution could not be amended. The 20th of September presented a new position to the executive branch when the Chief Attorney position was added giving the executive branch ten positions. On the same day the Constitution was amended to state that the Executive Branch could only amend the Constitution if it has been on table within the Executive Branch for three days or 8/10 of the executive in office had discussed it. However, with the addition of the Chief Attorney, nine days later on the 29th of September the Head of Risk Analysis position was removed and the Head of Risk Analysis at the time, Arnold Ogamon, was transfered to the Chief Attorney position. This was the first time an executive position was ever removed from the Executive Branch and, by extension, the Constitution.

When the largest individual legislation for the Triumvirate, the Ogamon Protocol was passed on the 24th of September, several sections of it designated Constitutional changes once it went into effect on Zerouh's leave from office. These changes include removing Zerouh's name from many sections which gave him power and making articles eleven, fourteen, and the heading of article two only alterable with a two-thirds vote by the executives. On the eleventh of October 2010, the Executive Branch passed a small amendment with a large effect that made it so that amendments can only be passed if 1/6 of the administrators in office agree with the amendment. This means the executive branch no longer had a check against the Administrative Branch if it was really undesirable for the Administration. Following that on the 26th of October the Constitution was complemented with a very important amendment stating that no law of any kind could be passed which was impossible to remove. On the first of November, the Constitution received a new article six to proceed the article six before it (changing that into article seven and so forth) which stated the supremacy of Triumvirate laws enforcing that the Constitution would be the supreme law and ultimate against all other laws of the Triumvirate.

On the ninth of November in 2010, an amendment was passed which was amended to the Constitution stating that those powers given to the government or restricted, were those of the clans and the people. This granted great freedom to the populace while separating government and people, not as to make one lead the other, but so to not intertwine them. On November 15th, the Major Executive position was amended into the Constitution as the Executive who would do those jobs that other Executives had not been assigned to do such as management on the wiki and Triumvirate sites. The first Major Executive was made Zerouh as at the time the Major Executive was the oldest Executive but this was quickly changed on December 4th to make the Major Executive an elected position by the Executive Branch from it's members.

In mid-December of 2010, almost every member of the Executive Branch became involved in a series of debates and arguments involving court reform. Many Executives, particularly Red (Head of Clan Relations), Arnold Ogamon (Chief Attorney, possibly the one most influenced by the verdict), and Zerouh, were caught up, each presenting their own ideas on what the court system needs to be like. The courts were a broken system at the time, little power, unorganized, and Executive controlled. Many Executives called for a lesser court and a supreme court while some called for only a supreme court. On the nineteenth the amendments were passed creating a Supreme Court under the new, revised, article four, and the creation of article seventeen which explained the process of trials against executives. This court would deal with all cases within the Triumvirate, against Triumvirate members, Triumvirate government officials, and even have the power of judicial review, to declare amendments or acts of the Executive Branch unconstitutional unless two-thirds of the executives were against such an act. From this point following the Executive Branch would continue looking very critically on perfecting the court system from the original as minor adjustments to the courts would follow.

## 2011

On January 11th Chief Attorney Arnold Ogamon brought a large amendment to the branch involving a "Vice-Major Executive" so that there would always be someone fulfilling the responsibilities of the Major Executive position. Arnold Ogamon, shortly after the amendment was passed and the position was named the "Minor Executive" after some debate, became the first Minor Executive.

On January 29th, the Executive Branch approved an adjustment that would extend Executive "ranks" to even the system and lengthen it so there was not a minority of Freshman Executives (who previously only had two months in that title) and a majority of Sophomore and Senior Executives (who previously had 2+ and 6+ months). The new adjustment made Executives fall into the same system of Freshman, Sophomore, and Senior Executives but gave the respective time ranges of four months of 4, 8, and 8+. Several days later the Executive Branch also approved quick amendments designed to give the Executive Branch additional security. One involved the ability to remove voting privileges from an Executive when two-thirds the branch deemed it necessary and the other clarified that when an Executive was without doubt guilty of treason, they would be removed from office immediately without impeachment process. This was removed roughly two years later in April of 2013 as Major Executive Neil stated it violated due process and fair government.

Beginning in the middle of February 2011, the Executive Branch had begun considering the notion that the Constitution become a solid document instead of so fluently changing. Gradually the effort to do so, began by Zerouh, prevailed and the Executive Branch passed an amendment stating that effective March first 2011, Constitutional amendments had to be passed by the Executive Branch by a two-thirds vote instead of simply a simple majority. The "effective March first" wording allowed for some last minute amendments to be made before the Constitution became gradually more difficult to amend. This created an article eighteen to provide for the process of amendments. The Executive Branch put a greater reliance on individual laws to further oversee the political process after this. Another major amendment was passed on the 24th of February that more clearly defined the jurisdiction of the Triumvirate, that all are equal under the law, and that the rights granted by the Constitution applied to all and could not be abridged. This amendment formed article nineteen.

On May 16th, the Executive Branch approved a new article which would conserve the historical heritage of the Triumvirate. This article protected the name and the flag of the Triumvirate from being altered. May 27th signified another major addition to the Constitution which provided for an "Executive Recess". Major Executive and Founder, Zerouh, tabled a rather large amendment to the Executive Branch that explained this process and gave a Constitutional basis for when the Executives declare themselves in recess. It was approved and added to the Constitution as article 21. This recess article was later amended on the eleventh of June that same year to clarify Executives leaving during recess and to state that recess may only be entered when there is an active Major and Minor Executive.

An adjustment to the amendment process was also added on June 11th 2011 providing for the rule that the Administration (if active) must approve all amendments with a two-thirds vote. It passed quickly through the Executive Branch after Zerouh tabled the idea. This would make the amendment process less complicated and also give the Administration greater power in deciding what should be put into the Constitution.

Zerouh's resignation and leave from the Triumvirate on June 26th, 2011 marked one of the ends of the developing Constitution though it would always be an evolving document. It was then a fully formed, functional, and elegant document which continued to move and shift through the future.

The Ogamon Protocol was enacted after Zerouh left office removing the sections of the Constitution naming Zerouh and altering the Executive member count. On July 16th, 2011, the Executive Branch approved a new Executive position: The Head of Research and Analysis. This position would conduct polls, do research, and give reports for the Triumvirate government. Shortly after on September 22nd, the Executive Branch passed a large, second, military reform amendment. It reviewed several old parts of the military article and soon came until full light after a group of Triumvirate politicians established the Triumvirate Politician's Military Abolishment Caucus, a coalition to remove the military from the Triumvirate. After two weeks of deliberation following the creation of this caucus, on October 17th, the caucus was successful in removing the military article from the Constitution as well as removing the Military Representative position. This reduced the Executive Branch to eight members and provided the gateway towards the independence of the Triumvirate from prior restraints.

On October 11th, 2011, several amendments to the court article that were suggested by Major Executive Arnold Ogamon were passed. These created a Chief Justice position of which Justice Stavrok was confirmed as the first Chief Justice. On October 5th, 2011, the Executive Branch approved a measure that would remove Executive Branch trials from the Constitution so that only the courts could try Executives and the Executive Branch, the Executive Branch could no longer act as a court of its own to its members.

A massive amendment came on November 30, 2011, when the Executive Branch passed the Administrative Branch revision amendment originally suggested by Major Executive Arnold Ogamon. The debates lasted a month and in the end the plan was passed by working out a compromise between Ehtya, Red Triumvirate, and Arnold. This new Administrative Branch was made powerful enough to challenge the other two branches and would go into effect on May first, 2012. In this amendment the creation of a Speaker of the Administration (a President of the Administative Branch who would lead and manage the discussions and speak for the Administration), the Administrative Liaison (a renaming of the Head of Clan Relations), and an easily managed trimester system all were main points.

## 2012

On April 19, 2012, the Executive Branch approved an amendment to what was previously the "crime" article, article ten at the time. The article previously established the concept of crime enforcement but as legislation separate from the Constitution had adequately done this and the amendment was unnecessary, Arnold Ogamon brought an amendment idea to the table. This idea was an article devoted to the definition of the most heinous crime in the Triumvirate: Treason. The article defined what was an act of treason, how a person must be convicted for such a crime, and what the punishment must be for that crime. Later in April, on the 30th, a large Constitutional overhaul was initiated. This overhaul included the addition of a large new article solely devoted to the description of the Major Executive and the new election process for that position, this article became the new Article Three and pushed all the following articles up (leading to minor struggles with record keeping). It also marked the articles by Roman Numerals (instead of numbers as they previously had been) and adjusted a few minor parts in the Administrative article and the Executive Recess article.

On May 3, 2012, the addition to the Constitution creating two new Executive positions: the Head of Law Enforcement and the Head of Education was passed by the Administrative Branch. The previously named "Department of Law" was renamed as the Department of Justice. The following day, the second part of the position creation amendments to the Constitution was passed splitting the Department of Finance into two new departments: the Department of the Treasury and the Department of Commerce. The Head of Finance position was split into the Head of Commerce and Industry and the Head of the Treasury. Stavrok, the Head of Finance at the time of the split became the first Head of Commerce and Industry.

A new era began on May 31, 2012, when the third Major Executive of the Universal Triumvirate, Stavrok, entered office. The first amendment during this period was, as Stavrok has promised during his campaign, a restriction on the power of the Major Executive. This was done by implementing a three term limit on the person in the Major Executive position. On July 2, the Administrative Branch approved of an amendment that was discussed and passed by the Executive Branch requiring that the Administrative Branch approve all laws passed by the Executive Branch, otherwise they would not pass. This gave the Speaker of the Administration more power but made the method laws are passed more fair to the people, another promise of Stavrok's campaign.

In August, Arnold Ogamon proposed a series of adjustments to his Historical Protection Act and an amendment to the Constitution to create a new Executive Position: the Chief Historian. This position would serve as a historical expert and also work to preserve and document the history of the Triumvirate. It was confirmed by the Administrative Branch and added to the Constitution on August 12. Ogamon shortly after also proposed a fairly controversial amendment giving the Major Executive the power to request that each Executive or all Executives give their opinions on a matter, in writing, to the Major Executive, a tool that could be used when the Major Executive needs to have facts on something but needs an expert's opinion to make a justified and accurate decision. Before the end of the month, a small amendment was added on the 30th that enforced what had been traditional for a long time, that Executives cannot be paid for their jobs. This was something Zerouh considered adding to the Constitution but never got around to doing, so when Stavrok proposed it support was unanimous.

In September of that year, on the eleventh, an amendment proposal brought forth by Arnold Ogamon was confirmed by the Administrative Branch that stated both the Executive and Administrative branches of government may determine the rules of their own proceedings. This enforced what had been tradition for a long time and paved the way for actual proceedings rules and further independence of the two branches. The next days were all geared up into preparing for each branch to create the rules of their proceedings. Arnold Ogamon began drafting procedural rules for the Executive Branch and, as a result, noticed unneeded sections of the Constitution that had become outdated or would be irrelevant or contrary to the plan for procedural rules. The branches of government set to work refining the Constitution in order to bring a new level to how each branch goes about business.

On October 25, two amendments were passed that set a slight adjustment for requirements to be both Major Executive or Speaker of the Administration. It lowered the requirement to be Major or Minor to at least two months in the Executive Branch (instead of simply a freshman Executive) but it raised the requirement to be Speaker of the Administration to being a citizen of the Triumvirate for at least two months. On November 7, Elliot Neil's proposal to make the Major Executive the Commander-in-Chief of the Triumvirate defense was approved by the Administrative Branch. After a feud between Arnold Ogamon and Stavrok, which eventually went to the Supreme Court, an amendment was passed on the 10th that stated, in the event of a tie in electing the Major Executive, the Administrative Branch shall determine from those who the tie was between, who the victor shall be. Much of the rest of November was dominated by a massive argument as to how a tax should he handled in the Triumvirate, after Stavrok, Hester, and surprisingly, freshman Nathan Maine, were able to get their controversial Tax Code passed, it was challenged in court in the case First Nation Consulting vs. The Universal Triumvirate and the Supreme Court, in a 2-1 decision, found the tax unconstitutional as it was a the "forceful taking of property by the government". Nonetheless, Ehtya organized a movement to approve an amendment that would allow the tax and compromised with the Establishment Party that stood against it originally to give them an amendment requiring an oath for the Major Executive position. Both were passed on December 2, late in the night as members all met at one time to vote on the amendment. Stavrok made a symbolic gesture that night by asking Arnold Ogamon, his principle opponent who was against the deal and the tax, to be the one to swear him in for the first time, to which Ogamon agreed to do.

## 2013

With a new year came a new Major Executive, Administrative Liaison Elliot Neil, a very young member of the Executive Branch. Though she was pushing for the Major Executive to be able to break a tie vote in the Executive Branch, Arnold Ogamon had the first amendment of the trimester with a general re-formatting of the second article that more accurately and succinctly described the powers and composition of the Executive Branch, which was amended on the third of January. Along with this was the removal of the constitutional concept of an "active" Administrative Branch, which was utilized in the earlier days of the Triumvirate where membership was an issue and in which a functioning Administrative Branch could not be assured. On January 13th an amendment was passed that denied the Executive Branch and the government the ability to tax private citizens. On the 26th of January, moments after Major Executive Neil delivered State of the Union IX, amendments to the Constitution were approved by the Administration that detailed the succession of the Major Executive office should no Minor Executive be available and allowed for temporary replacement of the Major Executive when they could not declare themselves incapacitated.

In the middle of February, Major Executive Neil tabled a series of matters before the Executive Branch. One of which allowed the Major Executive to delegate their duty of managing the Executive offices that are unfilled to other Executives who are willing to act as the unfilled position. Alongside this was the creation of a new Executive Position and Executive Department, the Head of Naturalization and the Department of Naturalization.

In March came some of the most significant changes to the Constitution of 2013, which were a combination of Administrative Branch revisions. First came a series of changes proposed by Ehtya which stripped the Administrative Liaison of some power in the Administration (such as their vote), so that the Administrative Branch could be more distinct and separate, away from the control of the Executive Branch. Second came the Maine & Mearl Administrative Revision Plan, a massive overhaul for the election of members to the Administration put together primarily by Nathan Maine and Speaker of the Administration Andrew Mearl, as well as Major Executive Elliot Neil and Chief Ambassador Ehtya. It was passed on the 23rd of March, and it established a proportional election system for Administrators so that candidates for Administrators would have to be elected each trimester and votes were allocated by party. The plan also set up a way so that seats in the Administration are increased as citizenship numbers in the Triumvirate increased, abolished the term limit set on the Speaker, and better helped clarify the powers of the Administrative Branch. The election changes were set to go into effect for the next trimester, 2013 II. The Constitution was also adjusted, along with this, to make the Supreme Court the "judge and qualifier of elections", which was a purposefully vague way of saying the Supreme Court should be the fair and unbiased way to evaluate legal issues that may arise in elections.

On April 16, the joint proposal by Major Executive Neil and by Nathan Maine which, effective the rapidly upcoming trimester, would separate the Major Executive position from the Executive Branch, making it a distinct position of its own. This would mean that when someone was elected to Major Executive, they resign from their current Executive office. It further split the Major Executive position, though it remained thoroughly under the command of the Executive Branch, and it also added to the precedent Ogamon set and vouched for that an outgoing Major Executive should not remain with the Executive Branch long. This alteration would require outgoing Major Executives to be reelected to another Executive office if they wanted to remain with the branch. It wasn't until June 14 that another major alteration to the Constitution would take place, and it was a change in the requirement to impeach the Major Executive and remove them from office. While previously it would only take a simple majority vote of the Executive Branch, excluding the Major Executive, it was clear that with the new changes as to the Major Executive being a distinct position and with it's role as commander-in-chief, that the Major Executive should have a slightly altered set of rules for removal from office. The new requirement to remove the Major Executive from office was a two-thirds vote (excluding the Major Executive) of the Executive Branch and a majority of the Administrative Branch. Towards the end of the second trimester of 2013 an amendment was made to dissolve the Department of Law Enforcement and Head of Law Enforcement from the Executive Branch and reform their respective responsibilities back to the Department of Justice and Chief Attorney, reducing the total number of Executive positions to thirteen. On August 12, an amendment was passed to require the Major Executive's signature on treaties passed by the Executive and Administrative Branches, which was proposed to institute the Major's role further as the commander-in-chief and the chief authority on foreign affairs along with the Chief Ambassador. Early in the trimester of 2013-III, on September 7, an amendment to remove the position of Chief Historian from the Executive Branch (combining its responsibilities into those of the position of the Head of Education) was approved.

On September 11, the government approved selection of new campaign rules, a part of which was the extension of the campaign period for Major Executive within the Constitution. The amendment required all candidates for Major Executive to announce so a month before the new trimester begun. This way there would be no "surprise candidates" for Major Executive at the time of the election and all candidates would be able to fairly campaign against each other for about two weeks prior to the actual date of the election. On September 28, the government approved, after considerable tension and debate brewing on the issue over the past few months, the creation of a new Executive Position, the Senator. The position would be publicly-elected, the only Executive of its kind, and, unlike all other Executive positions, would serve a purely political purpose in that they are elected by and represent the general populace.

## 2014

Constitutional history in 2014 started with a significant Supreme Court ruling in the Universal Triumvirate vs. Ehtya case, declaring that the government could not ban the development of weapons technology or seize the existing technology from private entities. On February 27, two constitutional changes were implemented as part of a compromise: the Department of Media was dissolved (though the Head of Research position remained), and a second Senator position was created (while the Head of Disaster Preparation and Prevention position was dissolved). Also, after quite a bit of pushing, an amendment was narrowly approved to repeal the ban on Administrators being able to receive financial compensation for their time in office on April 2. On April 3, the government approved an amendment that allowed for tariffs and excise taxes to be imposed, in order to aide the government in collecting revenue. On April 19, the government made a slight alteration to allow the Speaker of the Administration and Deputy Speaker to be chosen before the onset of the new trimester so as to make the beginning of new trimesters simpler politically.

Just before the onset of the 2014-II trimester, Major Executive Nathan Maine and his Major Task Force on Codification completed the first edition of the Universal Triumvirate Code, which would be adopted at the onset of the new trimester. To complement it, the Department of the Archive was created, adding a new Department and Executive position (Head of the Archive).

As a result of the controversial and dramatic election for Major Executive for 2014-II, in which Ryan Bleitze managed to win after a tie in both the Executive Branch and the Administrative Branch, the government amended the Constitution to make the Major and Minor Executive elected via a run-off system in which a majority is required and Executives list their preference for candidates. On May 31, the position of Head of Research was dissolved and its duties were transferred to the Head of Education, meaning that the Executive Branch was back down to thirteen members. On June 14, Major Executive Bleitze, along with Lanclot Rice and a large array of more liberal leaning politicians were successful in amending the Constitution to end the outright ban on Executives being paid. The amendment they did achieve however, only permitted pay for Administrators and Executives to be no more than one third of the total government budget, which significantly limited pay.

On July 14, the long-outdated article of the Constitution which mandated the flying of the Triumvirate flag under the flags of aligned institutions was removed. On August 29, Major Executive Stenbach's proposed amendment to clarify that the Executive Branch may set, by law, requirements for entrance into most Executive offices. On September 12, a proposal made by Major Executive Stenbach to require three-fourths of both the Executive and Administrative branches to approve of an amendment to the Constitution (an increase from the two-thirds) was approved, further solidifying the Constitution for the future. On August 28, an amendment was passed to make double jeopardy strictly unconstitutional as the government felt that though there had never been an issue prior, the display and clarification of rights was essential.

## 2015

The first significant Constitutional alteration in the new year was an amendment proposed by the Major Executive, Speaker, Deputy Speaker, and Administrative Liaison to alter the election rules for the Speaker of the Administration and Deputy Speaker. This alteration, added on February 28, mandates run-off elections for the Speaker and Deputy Speaker so that the candidates left with the most and second most votes become Speaker and Deputy Speaker respectively. Following that, on March 3, the Constitution was amended to give the Speaker and Deputy Speaker the power to appoint associates who would be the third and fourth highest officers in the Administration and would take over for them respectively in temporary situations. Also on March 3, the position of Deputy Speaker was renamed to "Underspeaker", reflecting the ideas of a dual-headed branch rather than top down approach. Come March 19, an amendment was passed to clarify a hypothetical situation wherein no candidate ran for Major Executive or Minor Executive, though this had never happened before, it was important to make it clear that if it were to happen, the most senior Executive would take it by default. On April 6, an amendment was passed to amend Article V to clarify standing in the court system. On May 13, an amendment was passed to clarify in which cases the Supreme Court would have original jurisdiction compared to appellate jurisdiction (for example, that the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction in cases involving foreign officials, Executives, in cases between two government officials, and in cases of treason).

On June 17, an amendment was approved that reestablished the Department of Media and created a new Department of Education, giving each Executive position (except for the political four - Major Executive, Administrative Liaison, and the Senators) a Department. On July 23, a slight amendment was passed to change how a new Administrator is added to the Administration in the case of a vacancy to require that the political coalition holding the former seat may appoint a replacement only with the consent of either the Speaker or Underspeaker. This was done to weaken the power of political parties in Administrative affairs and emphasize more weight on the public election.

A major agreement to amend the Constitution to compel the Senators to vote for the winner of a national popular vote for Major Executive was passed on July 31, setting it so that the public would vote for a candidate for Major Executive on the same ballot as they elected the Administrators and Senators. In exchange, an amendment was concurrently passed that barred the increase in the number of Senators (above two) without a nine-tenths vote of both the Executive and Administrative branches and that Senators, like Administrators, must have been citizens for two months prior to taking office.

At the end of the year, on November 13, as a product of months of negotiations, deliberation, and work, Major Executive Sessions Universal Citizenship Charge amendment came to pass and was added to the Constitution, though the law to complement it would still be required and the amendment simply authorized such a law. In the same amendment, the limitations on pay to politicians (Executives and Administrators) were removed, so as to allow for pay for all so that the UCC would be effective.

## 2017

On May 7th, Lancelot Rice proposed constitutional amendments to the Executive Branch pertaining to removing the aspects of the document that regulate tax planning and the Universal Citizenship Charge. The measures were passed unanimously on May 8th, and went into effect on May 9th. These amendments were critically important in shifting the discussion on tax reform from constitutional amendments to laws and regulations codified in the UTC. Due to the change in public opinion regarding the Universal Citizenship Charge, which had come to be known among the public as a regressive tax system, the constitutional amendment was removed as an attempt to assure citizens that the government would not implement a "pay to play" system in the present or future.