Medb (Person)

**Potential Alias**

Medb of Connacht is probably identical with Medb Lethderg

**Relating to the Narrative**

If Clothra is Neasca, then Neasca is Medb's older sister.

If Neasca is Isella, and her sisters are Moira and Rosella, then that means that Rosella or Moira could be Clothra?

Might need to rewrite Neasca's origin story

Though, if Medb is Clothra/Neasca's sister, that means she must be much younger than Neasca. Neasca is the mother of Aenfeld, and Medb is of a similar age to Aenfeld when they are betrothed. (or is she much older than him?)

The means that Medb's father could still be the same as Neasca's if he had escaped the assassination somehow?

We know that Ruaire Ollathair might actually be Simon Magus.

Is Cahthbad told to kill Ruaire Ollathair, or is he told to kill the King of Airthialla? That distinction could prove very important.

If Ruaire Ollathair is indeed Dagda, that could imply that Simon Magus is somehow Dagda, or has the spirit of Dagda in him the way Medb has the spirit of the Morrigan.

**Key Character Moments**

Her father, Eochaid Feidlech, the High King of Ireland, married her to Conchobar mac Nessa, king of Ulster because he had killed Conchobar's purported father, the former High King Fachtna Fáthach, in battle.

Is Eochaid Feidlech, the same as Eochaid/Dagda?

Long Black wavy black hair, pale skin, beautiful, small face. Average height. Long-limbed, large breasts.

**Narrative**

In the narrative, Medb has immense power over men. She will end up marrying Cobhar, or Aenfeld, though not of her own volition.

Medb had galactorrhea, which means she produces breast milk even when she is not pregnant.

She also had endometriosis, which caused her to have awful cramps, often at the worst times.

The Irish goddess Medb, goddess of the Middle Region (corresponding to Meath, Leinster, and Connacht), has a name that is cognate with several Gaulish deity names. Thus the name Medb “the Intoxicatress” corresponds to the Gaulish bynames Comedova and Meduana “the Intoxicatress”.

The personal name Medugenos “Descendent of Medb” was undoubtedly taken from the name of the goddess (rather than being descriptive, ie. “Conceived through Drunkeness”).

Great indeed was the strength and power of Medb over the men of Ireland, for it was she who would not allow a king of Tara without his having her as his wife. By her was built the royal rath on the side of Tara, i.e. Rath Medbae, and she made a select home in that rath in which kings and masters of every art were wont to congregate.

Irish Medb was also a fertility goddess, which is an aspect of her being a goddess of both the land and its king. As such, she had an enormous sexual appetite. The word feis, used to describe the union of the king with Medb, is the verbal noun of foid “spend the night with” in the sense of “have sexual union with”. Thus the Feis Temra was the marriage feast of the Medb and the celebration of the new king’s sexual union with her.

Thus as with Uṣắḥ and Rātrī “Dawn” and “Night”, one may contrast the underworld goddess Boand to Medb. So Agníḥ and Apām Napāt may well correspond to day and night and find parallels in Irish \*Maccan and Nechtain. The opposition of the white Tištrya‑ to the black Apaoša‑ is paralleled by the Finnbennach and the Donn.

It is interesting to note that Roech, like Medb and her sisters Clothra (a byname for Ness, mother of Conchobar) and Eithne (a byname for Mumain), is descendent from a man called Echach (v. Eocach, Eochaid) (as in Cath Boinde). This character Eochach mac Dáire can be identified with Eochaid Ollather, Eochaid “the Great Father” or “the All-father”, otherwise known as the Dagda “Good God”. As we shall see, Roech “Great Horse” is simply an alternative name for Macha. Thus all three, Fergus, Roech-Macha, and Ailill were sired by Eochaid-Dagda.

To gain vengeance on Conchobar, Medb names all of her seven children by Ailill, Maine, since it was prophesied that Conchobar should fall by Maine (1905: 184-5). Perhaps all of these motifs of mating following the ritual bath may be related to the ritual bath of Hḗra before mating with Zeús in the Iliad (XIV: 153-351).

In Táin bó Cuailnge and Cath Boinde, Medb is married to her young nephew Ailill, whom she has reared herself, but finds sexual gratification from her older paramour Fergus. Fergus alone can satisfy Medb’s sexual appetites. In the LL-Táin (l. 37), Medb is stated to have “never had one man without another waiting in his shadow.” In Aided Ailella ocus Conaill Chernaig (§3; Meyer 1896: 102-11), Medb requires thirty men a day, or Fergus, to satisfy her. As Thurneysen suggested, Fergus is undoubtedly a deity and, moreover, noted for his fertility.

As Fergus had earlier lost his kingdom for the love of Ness (also known as Mórrígan, Boand, Clothra, and Eithne), he later looses his sword for love of Medb.

The lovers [Medb and Fergus] remained behind while the warriors went on ahead. Cuillius came to where they were, but they did not hear the spy. Fergus’s sword happened to be beside him, and Cuillius drew it out of its scabbard, leaving the scabbard empty. Then he came back to Ailill. “Well indeed,” said Cuillius, “here is a proof for you…. As you thought I found them lying together.” Ailill answered, “She is right (to behave thus). She did it to help in the cattle-driving. Make sure that the sword remains in good condition. Put it under your seat in the chariot, wrapped in a linen cloth.” Then Fergus rose up to look for his sword…. Fergus went off, taking his charioteer’s sword in his hand. In the wood he cut a wooden sword. (O’Rahilly 1976: 154-5; ll. 1042-62).

Clipped from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medb

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MedbIn-universe informationAliasOccupationSpouseNationality

Ulster Cycle character

Maev.jpg

Queen Maev by J. C. Leyendecker

Meḋḃ

Queen

Ailill mac Máta

Irish

Medb (pronounced [mɛðv])—later forms Meḋḃ, Maedhbh ([mɛɣv]), Méabh ([mʲeːw]), and Maedbh ([mʲeːw]) and also Maeve—is queen of Connacht in the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology. Her husband in the core stories of the cycle is Ailill mac Máta, although she had several husbands before him who were also kings of Connacht. She rules from Cruachan (now Rathcroghan, County Roscommon). She is the enemy (and former wife) of Conchobar mac Nessa, king of Ulster, and is best known for starting the Táin Bó Cúailnge ("The Cattle Raid of Cooley") to steal Ulster's prize stud bull Donn Cúailnge.

Medb is strong-willed, ambitious, cunning and promiscuous, and is an archetypal warrior queen.[1] She is believed to be a manifestation of the sovereignty goddess.[2][3][4] Medb of Connacht is probably identical with Medb Lethderg, the sovereignty goddess of Tara, and may also be linked with the Morrígan.[3] She may be the inspiration for the fairy Queen Mab found in William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet and other media.

Name

In Old Irish her name is Medb (pronounced [mɛðv]); in Middle Irish, Meḋḃ; in early modern Irish[5][6][self-published source], Meadhbh or Meaḋḃ (pronounced [mɛɣv]); and in modern Irish Maedbh or Méabh (pronounced [mʲeːv]).[6] This is generally believed to come from the Proto-Celtic \*medu- ("mead") or \*medua ("intoxicating"), and the meaning of her name has thus been interpreted as "mead-woman" or "she who intoxicates".[7] This is thought to reflect her role as sovereignty goddess. In ancient and medieval Ireland, the drinking of mead was a key part of a king's inauguration ceremony. In myth, a supernatural woman representing the sovereignty of the land chooses a king by offering him an alcoholic drink, thus bestowing sovereignty upon him.[8] However, it is also suggested that the name comes from Proto-Celtic \*medwa ("the ruler").[7]

The name has been Anglicised as Maeve, Maev, Mave or Maiv (pronounced /meɪv/). There are several place names in Ireland containing the name Medb. According to Kay Muhr of the Ulster Place-Name Society, some of these names suggest Medb was also an earth and fertility goddess. They include Ballypitmave (Baile Phite Méabha, "townland of Medb's vulva") in County Antrim and Sawel Pitmave (Samhail Phite Méabha, "likeness to Medb's vulva")[7] in County Tyrone, both in northern Ulster. Other placenames include Maeve's Cairn in County Sligo, Barnavave (Bearna Mhéabha, "Medb's gap")[9] in County Louth, Boveva (Boith Mhéabha, "Medb's huts")[10] in County Londonderry, Knockmaa (Cnoc Meá, "Medb's hill") in County Galway, Meskanmave (Meascán Mhéabha, "Medb's lump")[11] in County Donegal, Milleen Meva (Millín Mhéabha, "Medb's knoll")[12] at Rathcroghan in County Roscommon.

Description

Medb is described as a fair haired wolf queen, whose form was so beautiful that it robbed men of two-thirds of their valor upon seeing her.[13]

Marriages and rise to power

How Medb came to power in Connacht and married Ailill mac Máta is told in the tale Cath Bóinde ("The Battle of the Boyne"), also known as Ferchuitred Medba ("Medb's man-share").[14] **Her father, Eochaid Feidlech, the High King of Ireland, married her to Conchobar mac Nessa, king of Ulster, because he had killed Conchobar's purported father, the former High King Fachtna Fáthach, in battle.**

She bore him a son, Glaisne, but the marriage was a bad one and she left him. Eochaid gave Conchobar another of his daughters, Eithne (or Clothru),[15] but Medb murdered her while she was pregnant; her son Furbaide was born by posthumous caesarian section.

Eochaid deposed the then-king of Connacht, Tinni mac Conri, and installed Medb in his place. However, Tinni regained a share of the throne when he and Medb later became lovers. Conchobar raped Medb after an assembly at Tara, and war ensued between the High King and Ulster. Tinni challenged Conchobar to single combat, and lost. Eochaid Dála of the Fir Domnann, who had been Tinni's rival for the kingship, protected the Connacht army as it retreated, and became Medb's next husband and king of Connacht. Medb demanded her husband satisfy her three criteria—that he be without fear, meanness, or jealousy. The last was particularly important, as she had many lovers. While married to Eochaid Dála, she took Ailill mac Máta, chief of her bodyguard, as her lover. Eochaid discovered the affair, challenged Ailill to single combat, and lost. Ailill then married Medb and became king of Connacht.

Medb's children

Queen Meave and the Druid by Stephen Reid, from Eleanor Hull's The Boys' Cuchulainn (1904)

Medb and Ailill had seven sons, all called Maine. They originally all had other names, but when Medb asked a druid which of her sons would kill Conchobar, he replied, "Maine". She did not have a son called Maine, so she renamed all her sons as follows:

Fedlimid became Maine Athramail ("like his father")

Cairbre became Maine Máthramail ("like his mother")

Eochaid became Maine Andoe ("the swift") and was also known as Cich-Maine Andoe or Cichmuine[16]

Fergus became Maine Taí ("the silent")

Cet became Maine Mórgor ("of great duty")

Sin became Maine Mílscothach ("honey-speech")

Dáire became Maine Móepirt ("beyond description")

**The prophecy was fulfilled when Maine Andoe went on to kill Conchobar, son of Arthur, son of Bruide — not Conchobar, son of Fachtna Fathach, as Medb had assumed the druid meant.[14] Medb and Ailill also had a daughter, Findabair.[17]**

Cattle Raid of Cooley

Main article: Táin Bó Cúailnge

Medb insisted that she be equal in wealth with her husband, and started the Cattle Raid of Cooley when she discovered that Ailill was one powerful stud bull richer than her. She discovered that the only rival to Ailill's bull, Finnbennach, was Donn Cúailnge, owned by Dáire mac Fiachna, a vassal of Conchobar's. She sent messengers to Dáire, offering wealth, land and sexual favours in return for the loan of the bull, and Dáire initially agreed. But when a drunken messenger declared that, if he had not agreed, the bull would have been taken by force, Dáire withdrew his consent, and Medb prepared for war.

An army was raised including contingents from all over Ireland. One was a group of Ulster exiles led by Conchobar's estranged son Cormac Cond Longas and his foster-father Fergus mac Róich, former king of Ulster and one of Medb's lovers. It is reported that it took seven men to satisfy her, or Fergus once.[18] Medb's relationship with Fergus is alluded to in the early poem Conailla Medb míchuru ("Medb has entered evil contracts") by Luccreth moccu Chiara (c. 600); it asserts that Medb wrongly seduced Fergus into turning against Ulster "because he preferred the buttocks of a woman to his own people".[19]

Because of a divine curse on the Ulstermen, the invasion was opposed only by the teenage Ulster hero Cúchulainn, who held up the army's advance by demanding single combat at fords. Medb and Ailill offered their daughter Findabair in marriage to a series of heroes as payment for fighting Cúchulainn, but all were defeated. Nevertheless, Medb secured the bull. However, after a final battle against Conchobar's assembled army, she was forced to retreat. Donn Cúailnge was brought back to Cruachan, where it fought Ailill's bull, Finnbennach, killing him, but dying of his wounds.

Also, throughout the Táin Bó Cúailnge Medb has several encounters with Cúchulainn in which he kills either her pets or handmaidens and the place in which they were killed is then named after them, which illustrates the importance of landscape throughout the text of the Táin Bó Cúailnge. Examples of this occur when Cúchulainn "slung a stone and killed a pet stoat as it sat on Medb's shoulder by her neck, south of the ford. Hence the name Meithe Togmaill, Stoat Neck"[20] and when he kills Medb’s handmaid: “He slung a stone at her from the heights of Cuincu and killed her on the flat place that bears her name, Reid Locha, Locha’s Level, in Cualinge.”[20] Medb’s behaviour further illustrates the importance of the landscape when she goes to great lengths to permanently alter it to show her contempt for Ulster. ”She preferred to cross the mountain by leaving a track that would show forever her contempt for Ulster… to make the Pass of the Cualinge Cattle.”[21]

Later years

Out of jealousy for his affair with Medb, Ailill had Fergus killed.[22] In his old age, after Conchobar's death, the Ulster hero Conall Cernach came to stay with Ailill and Medb, as they were the only household capable of supporting him. Medb tasked him to keep an eye on Ailill, who was seeing other women. Finding Ailill in flagrante, she ordered Conall to kill him, which he was happy to do in revenge for Fergus. However, the dying Ailill sent his men after him, and he was killed while trying to escape.[18]

Death

In her later years, Medb often went to bathe in a pool on Inchcleraun (Inis Cloithreann), an island on Lough Ree, near Knockcroghery. Furbaide sought revenge for the death of his mother. He took a rope and measured the distance between the pool and the shore, and practised with his sling until he could hit an apple on top of a stake Medb's height from that distance. The next time he saw Medb bathing he put his practice to good use and killed her with a piece of cheese. She was succeeded to the throne of Connacht by her son Maine Athramail.[15]

Miosgán Médhbh (Medb's cairn) at Knocknarea

According to legend, Medb is buried in Miosgán Médhbh, a 40-foot (12 m) high stone cairn on the summit of Knocknarea (Cnoc na Ré in Irish) in County Sligo. Supposedly, she is buried upright facing her enemies in Ulster. Her home in Rathcroghan, County Roscommon is also a potential burial site, with a long low slab named 'Misgaun Medb' being given as the most likely location.

Interpretations

Historians suggest that she was probably originally a "sovereignty goddess", whom a king would ritually marry as part of his inauguration.[23] Medb Lethderg, who performs a similar function in Tara, is probably identical with or the inspiration for this Medb.[24][25] Her name is said to mean 'she who intoxicates', and is cognate with the English word 'mead'; it is likely that the sacred marriage ceremony between the king and the goddess would involve a shared drink. Medb's "pillow talk" argument with her consort contains suggestions of matrilineality, as does Ailill's taking his name from his mother Máta Muirisc.[26] Recently, Irish and Irish-American poets have explored Medb as an image of woman's power, including sexuality, as in "Labhrann Medb" ("Medb Speaks") by Irish-language poet Nuala Ní Dhomhnaill[27] and "Intoxication" by Irish-American poet Patricia Monaghan.[28]

The name "Connacht" is an apparent anachronism: the stories of the Ulster Cycle are traditionally set around the time of Christ, but the Connachta, after whom the province is named, were said to have been the descendants of Conn Cétchathach, who is supposed to have lived several centuries later. Later stories use the name Cóiced Ol nEchmacht as an earlier name for the province of Connacht to get around this problem. But the chronology of early Irish historical tradition is an artificial attempt by Christian monks to synchronise native traditions with classical and biblical history, and it is possible that the cycle has been chronologically misplaced.[29]

**Appears In**

**Family**

Roech, like Medb and her sisters Clothra (a byname for Neasca, mother of Conchobar) and Eithne Mumain (a byname for Mumain), is descendent from a man called Echach (v. Eocach, Eochaid) (as in Cath Boinde). This character Eochach mac Dáire can be identified with **\*Eochaid Ollather**\*, Eochaid “the Great Father” or “the All-father”, otherwise known as the Dagda “Good God”. As we shall see, Roech “Great Horse” is simply an alternative name for Macha. Thus all three, Fergus, Roech-Macha, and Ailill were sired by Eochaid-Dagda.

Sister

* Clothra/Neasca [Maybe]

Husbands

1. Conchobar/Aenfeld/Cobhar
2. Eochaid Dála
3. Ailill Mac Mata

Sons:

* Glaisne by Conchobar
* Fedlimid became Maine Athramail ("like his father")
* Cairbre became Maine Máthramail ("like his mother")
* Eochaid became Maine Andoe ("the swift") and was also known as Cich-Maine Andoe or Cichmuine[16]
* Fergus became Maine Taí ("the silent")
* Cet became Maine Mórgor ("of great duty")
* Sin became Maine Mílscothach ("honey-speech")
* Dáire became Maine Móepirt ("beyond description")

Daughter

* Medb and Ailill also had a daughter, Findabair.

**Timeline of Actions**