Sample 2021 PCE Civil

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### **Civil**

#### *Objective*

1. What are the information below can be obtained from PDA Test?
	* I Pile capacity
	* II Pile head settlement
	* III Concrete strength
	* IV Pile integrity
	* V Efficiency of hammer
		+ A. I and II
		+ B. I, II, III and V
		+ C. III
		+ D. I, II, IV and V E.
		+ E. None of the above
2. The maximum dry density (ɣmax) of soil A is 17kN/m3 and the soil is used to backfill an embankment. After compaction is done at site, the moisture content (Wn) of the soil is 20%. If the degree of compaction shall be at least 90%, what shall be the minimum unit weight (ɣ) of soil at site?
	* A. 15.3kN/m3
	* B. 18.9 kN/m3
	* C. 18.4 kN/m3
	* D. 20.4 kN/m3
	* E. 14.1kN/m3
3. 3. RC Square pile of 300mm x 300mm and Spun pile diameter of 300mm with thickness of 60mm were driven into soil at the same length. The RC pile was constructed using 40Mpa concrete with 4T16 and the Spun Pile was constructed using 80Mpa with pre-stressed of 5.6Mpa. Which of the following statement is FALSE?
	* A. Geotechnical capacity of the RC pile is higher
	* B. Structural capacity of the Spun Pile is lower
	* C. Bending moment resistance for Spun Pile is lower
	* D. RC pile has more resistance towards tensile stress during pile installation using drop hammer
	* E. PDA test can be carried out for both piles to evaluate the pile capacity
4. Which of the following options are able to enhance stability of slope sloping towards a pond?
	* I Pumping out the water from pond and make the pond dry
	* II Trimming the slope to gentle gradient
	* III Backfilling the pond
	* IV Construct earth bund surrounding the pond
	* V Excavate the pond and make it deeper
		+ A. II, III and IV
		+ B. IV and V
		+ C. I, II and IV
		+ D. III, IV and V
		+ E. II and III
5. Which of the following factors to be considered in preliminary design for building foundation?
	* I Soil bearing capacity
	* II Vegetation
	* III Settlement control
	* IV Surrounding building
	* V Ground water level
6. Which of the statements regarding peat soil are FALSE?
	* I The moisture content of peat soil is very high which can be more than 100%
	* II -
	* III Peat soil can be stabilised with lime to treat the ground
	* IV-
	* V It is a soil with organic content more than 25%
7. Which of the statements below are FALSE?
	* A. Pile deviation due to machines movement or excavation in soft ground can be solved by providing 1-2m soil compaction on top prior driving
	* B. Shallow foundation in soft ground can be adopted if consolidation settlement and bearing capacity is addressed
	* C. For bored pile in limestone, rock probing is recommended to install at every pile location
	* D. Pile driving pattern deduced from continuous PDA test is highly recommended for RC pile foundation in soft ground
	* E. None of the above
8. Sheet pile is used to prevent base heave. Which of the following statement is TRUE？
	* I Increase penetration length
	* II Lower water table by pumping in pit
	* III Excavate the pit deeper
	* IV Use pressure grout to treat the pit
	* V Apply surcharge at high ground level.
9. Which statement on ground improvement works below is False?
	* A. For construction on soft peaty ground, always ensure that the groundwater level is maintained to avoid excessive settlement or failure
	* B. In ground treatment using PVD for a road, traffic load shall be considered as surcharge load
	* C. For culvert without pilling installation can be improved with ground preloaded with surcharge and soil consolidation
	* D. For very soft soil condition, stage earth filling can be adopted to avoid failure during construction
	* E. Partial soil replacement can reduce the consolidation time for a relative thin soft soil layer
10. Choose the FALSE statement about the stone column:
	* A. Stone column reduce differential settlement
	* B. Stone column prevent liquefaction
	* C. Stone column acts as vertical drainage
	* D. Stone column use as shallow foundation for building
	* E. None of the above
11. Which is FALSE in water retaining structure design?
	* A. Partial Safety Factor 1.6 for ultimate limit state.
	* B. Partial Safety Factor 1.0 for service limit state.
	* C. Nominal concrete cover not less than 40mm
	* D. Higher cement content can be used
	* E. None of the above
12. * Which of the following is the suitable location for construction joint represent above section?
		+ A. 1-1
		+ B. 2-2
		+ C. 1-1 & 2-2
		+ D. 2-2 & 3-3
		+ E. All of the above
13. * Which of the statement is True?
		+ A. Force F1 is negligible
		+ B. Force F2 is negligible
		+ C. F1 = F2
		+ D. F1 < F2
		+ E. None of the above
14. What is the moment B-C?
	* A. 13 kN/m
	* B. 28 kN/m
	* C. 32 kN/m
	* D. 60 kN/m
	* E. 64 kN/m
15. Choose the TRUE statement regarding loading.
	* I Self weight is dead load
	* II Dry wall, plasterboard is dead load
	* III Water tank is dead load
	* IV Removable chair and table are dead load
16. Which factor affects shear capacity of a beam?
	* I Concrete strength
	* II Depth of concrete
	* III Area of main bar
	* IV Width of section
		+ A. I
		+ B. I and II
		+ C. I, II and III
		+ D. I, II and IV
		+ E. All of the above
17. Which statement about reinforced concrete design is FALSE?
	* A. High top and bottom reinforcement can improve deflection
	* B. Over reinforced beam can improve beam ductility provided shear bar is adequate
	* C. Adequate reinforcement provided can improve concrete shrinkage
	* D. Design deep beam can adopt strut and tie model
	* E. None of the above
18. Strut and tie model design are for difference RC structure elements except:
	* A. Reinforced Corbel
	* B. Deep beam
	* C. Pile cap
	* D. Slab
	* E. Concrete busting to the end block
19. Choose FALSE Statement for punching shear in concrete slab.
	* A. Punching shear immediately adjacent to the load area must be checked.
	* B. Punching shear at perimeter 1.5d must be checked.
	* C. Enhanced shear provision allow for perimeter up to 1.5d
	* D. Max allowable punching shear stress is less than 5.0MPa or 0.8fcu0.5
	* E. For shear stress. V < Vc, nominal shear reinforcement is required.
20. A sample of 40 concrete cylinders were crushed at 28 days. The mean strength is 50N/mm2. Standard deviation is 5N/mm2. What is the characteristic strength of the concrete?
	* A. 41.8 N/mm2
	* B. 45 N/mm2
	* C. 50 N/mm2
	* D.51.3N/mm2
	* E. 53 N/mm2
21. Which statement below is FALSE?
	* A. 28 days of cylinder test strength is same with cube test strength
	* B. Compression cube test result is used to verify the design requirement
	* C. Specify strength for quality and control by sampling at site
	* D. Standard mix design for concrete is available
	* E. Design strength in design reinforced concrete, the cement content is key factor
22. What is the material factor of safety for concrete in BS 8110 (1997)?
	* A. 1.05
	* B. 1.15
	* C. 1.35
	* D. 1.45
	* E. 1.50
23. Which of the following conditions apply to simple beam bending analysis using Euler –Bernoulli equation?
	* I Beam material is isotropic
	* II Beam material is homogeneous
	* III Material obey Hooke Law which is linear elastic
	* IV Plane section remain plane during bending
		+ A. I, II and III
		+ B. II, III and IV
		+ C. I, II and IV
		+ D. I, III and IV
		+ E. All of the above
24. Given a building with 10 storeys, what is the live load reduction for the column between 8 to 9?
	* A. 0%
	* B. 10%
	* C. 20%
	* D. 30%
	* E. 40%
25. In Pre-stress beam, there are losses in the pre-stress tendon. What are the reasons of force losses?
	* I Elastic shortening of beam
	* II Relaxation of steel
	* III Shrinkage & creep of concrete
	* IV Deflection of beam
		+ A. II
		+ B. I and II
		+ C.I and III
		+ D. I , II and III
		+ E. I, II, III and IV
26. Which of the following statements are TRUE based on the figure:
	* I Links bar comply with minimum requirement
	* II Top bar comply with minimum requirement
	* III Bottom bar comply with minimum requirement
	* IV Crack control bar does not comply with minimum requirement
		+ A. I,II and IV
		+ B. II and IV
		+ C. I, III and IV
		+ D. II and III
		+ E. III and IV
27. Which of following principal objective of subsoil drainage is FALSE?
	* A. Intercepting seepage water from outside source and lowering it to an acceptable level before it reaches the road structure
	* B. Increase subgrade of uniform bearing value
	* C. Removal of stagnant water from subgrade
	* D. Reduce seepage into subgrade from higher ground adjacent to the road
	* E. None of the above
28. What factor regarding to material does not contribute to premature cracking of road surface?
	* A. Temperature during compaction is low
	* B. Inadequate density after compaction
	* C. High bitumen content
	* D. Inadequate pavement thickness after compaction
	* E. Weak subgrade material
29. Which statement regarding the water supply is True?
	* A. Top water level = highest supply level + head loss + residual pressure head.
	* B. Suction tank and pump tank is required to pump water from reservoir to end user.
	* C. Submersible pump are normally used in suction tank and pump tank
	* D. Overflow pipe allows maintenance operators to empty the tank during maintenance.
	* E. Bypass pipe to allow operators to convey the water directly from external source to consumer during emergency.
30. *Raw water - A - B - C - D - E - clear water; 5 sets combination of the water treatment process*
	* I Coagulation and flocculation
	* II Sedimentation
	* III Aeration I
	* V Disinfection
	* V Filtration
31. Which of the following statements on road and bridge are TRUE?
	* I Minimum head room of 5.4m is required for overhead bridge crossing as per Arahan Teknik Jalan JKR.
	* II For bridge over river, the soffit of the bridge shall be 0.5m above flood level of 100 years ARI.
	* III U6 is the lowest grade in urban road hierarchy.
	* IV The length of acceleration and deceleration lanes is subjected to design speed of the main lane and ramp or slip road.
		+ A. I and II
		+ B. I, II and IV
		+ C. II and III
		+ D. I and IV
		+ E. All of the above
32. Which of the following statements for sewerage system is FALSE？
	* A. Manning Equation and Colebrook Equation can be used to design size of gravity sewer pipe
	* B. Network Pumping Station use to lift up sewerage from deep sewer to shallow level.
	* C. Gravity sewer, Vacuum sewerage, pressure system is the most design method use to design sewer in MSIG
	* D. Maximum distance between manhole for sewer size less 1.0m diameter shall not more than 100m
	* E. Pipe jacking and open cut method commonly use at sewerage work in Malaysia
33. Which statement is/are true?
	* I Detention Pond is 3% to 5% from development area
	* II in MSMA allow drop at every sump is for sedimentation
	* III Culvert design is to check for inlet and outlet control
	* IV Cascade drain is normally for flat terrain to increase velocity
		+ A. I and II
		+ B. I, II and IV
		+ C. I and III
		+ D. I and IV
		+ E. All of the above
34. Which of the statement below is True?
	* I STP is used for treatment of grey water and black water from residential and commercial premises as well as partially treated industrial wastewater
	* II Preliminary treatment in STP is to remove debris, grit & grease from the sewerage in order not to affect the subsequent biological treatment process
	* III Secondary treatment in STP is to remove organic and nutrient in the sewerage via biological process
	* IV The sludge in STP shall be thickened and dewatered to 80% dry solid content prior disposal off site
		+ A. I and II
		+ B. I, II and IV
		+ C. II and III
		+ D. I and IV
		+ E. All of the above
35. The catchment area is 600,500m2 The average rainfall intensity is 180 mm/hr. Half of the area is forest with runoff coefficient 0.3 and the other area is ex-mining pond fully occupied with water without freeboard. Use rational method to calculate flow.
	* A. 195.2 m3/s
	* B. 4.5 m3/s
	* C. 70.3 m3/s
	* D. 19.5 m3/s
	* E. 45.0 m3/s
36. Choose the TRUE statement regarding Erosion and Sediment Control:
	* I Silt fence shall be provided if higher platform at neighbour development
	* II Check dam is construction of temporary earth drain for flat terrain
	* III Turfing is provided for slope and platform area
	* IV Silt trap is required for basement construction
37. Engineer designs a concrete drain of 600 width x 600 depth But, contractor wishes to replace with stone pitching drain of the same size for economic reason. Assume all design parameters remain the same, which of the statement best explain the propose drain in terms of flow capacity?
	* A. Both options drains have same flow capacity
	* B. The reduce of Manning's coefficient increase the flow capacity of proposed drain
	* C. The hydraulic radius reduces and thus reduce the flow capacity of proposed drain
	* D. The reduce of Manning's coefficient reduce the flow capacity of proposed drain
	* E. The hydraulic radius reduces and thus increase the flow capacity of proposed drain
38. Which of the following statement regarding Field Density Test in JKR specification are FALSE?
	* I Earthwork shall be compacted for every layer less than 300mm
	* II Sand Replacement Method is used to measure weight of soil samples
	* III Frequency of Field Density Test is less than 50m3 for each sample
	* IV 95% maximum dry density shall be achieved for the material 300mm above subgrade
		+ A. I and II
		+ B. II and III
		+ C. I and IV
		+ D. II, III and IV
		+ E. All of the above
39. Which of following pipe material suitable to be used as Force Mains?
	* I Reinforced Concrete Pipe
	* II Mild Steel Cement Lined Pipe
	* III Ductile Iron Pipe
	* IV Vitrified Clay Pipe
		+ A. I and II
		+ B. II and III
		+ C. I, II and III
		+ D. II, III and IV
		+ E. All of the above
40. Which of the following statement regarding the MSMA objective is TRUE?
	* I Protect public safety
	* II Prevent flooding
	* III Minimise the impact of environmental runoff
	* IV Address water scarcity environmental

##### *Essay*

 Soft Clay
Recompression Coefficient, Cr = 0.06
Cc=1.2
Cv = 1m2/year Preconsolidation pressure, p’c = 38.5 kN/m2
 Medium Dense Sand
 Very Dense Sand

* a.    Assuming the unit weight of the fill material is 18 kN/m3, ignore live load on top, what is the maximum height of the fill embankment can be achieved before failure occur? Assume side slope gradient is 1V:2H, no counter weight berm or other ground treatment. Justify your answer with calculation. (20 marks)
* b.     There are 3 types of clay:(i) Under-consolidated, (ii) Normally consolidated and (iii) Over-consolidated. From the above Soil Test, what type is the soft clay? Justify with some simple calculation. (10 marks)
* c.     Given H=3m, Calculate the bearing pressure.  Check whether the soil bearing capacity is sufficient to take the loading of fill embankment. (20marks)
* d.    Suggest 3 types of ground improvements, state 2 advantages and disadvantages for each type. (20 marks)
* e. Calculate the settlement of consolidation. Calculate long-term primary consolidation period (30 marks)

2) Figure below show the plan, elevation and cross section of a combined footing supporting two (2) columns C1 and C2 at grid lines A and B. The working loads of the columns C1 and C2 are 250kN and 125kN respectively.

* a.    Calculate the bearing pressure imposed by the footing on the ground and show clearly how the bearing pressure varies and state the maximum and minimum values. (35 marks)
* b.    Calculate the ultimate bending moments that could be used to design the reinforcement (a) and (b) in the cross-section X-X. (5 marks)
* c.     Using the bearing pressure obtained in (a) above, sketch the bending moment diaphragm (BMD) for the footing beam in the longitudinal direction. Draw the bending moment on the tension side and estimate the magnitude of the moment. (30 marks)
* d.    If the allowable bearing capacity is 108kN/m2, does it exceed the maximum applied footing pressure? Suggest two (2) methods to reduce the bearing pressure without modify the given area of the footing. (30 marks)

* a) An internal column in a 2 storey building supporting an approximately symmetrical arrangement of beams (400mm wide x 650 mm deep) results in characteristic dead and imposed loads each of 4000 kN being applied to the column. The column is 400 mm square and has a clear height of 6.5m as shown in the Figure.
* + i)  Determine the column is braced or unbraced and explain why.(15 marks)
	+ ii) Determine the column is short or slender and explain why.(15 marks)
	+ iii)   Determine the reinforced steel area for the column.(20 marks)
* b) Based on truss below:-
* + i) Determine the maximum axial force at bottom chord of A-A (20 marks)
	+ ii) Determine the bottom chord of A-A in compression or in tension (10 marks)
	+ iii) The member of steel hollow square is 70mm x 50mm. Select the most optimum size and select the thickness based in calculation at (i) (20 marks)

 Building height on Plot C
 Headloss for distribution pipe
 Distance
 Tapping point level

* a.
	+ i)Determine the proposal of water supply system and its location. (20 marks)
	+ ii)  Determine the capacity of each water supply system (15 marks)
	+ iii) Calculate minimum bottom water level (BWL) of the reservoir. (15marks)
* b. The sewerage for the above development is 2,000 P.E
	+ i) Calculate peak flow for the sewerage system (30 marks)
	+ ii) Determine the proposal of sewerage reticulation and the suitable location for sewage treatment plant (STP) (20 marks)

* a.    Propose 2 Options for existing stream A in order to maximize the development land area. List 2 authorities involved. (20 marks)
* b.    Plan the internal drainage design using MSMA requirement to ensure water flow from proposed development would prevent the issue of flooding at the downstream catchment and development (20 marks)
* c.
	+ i) Name 3 considerations in determining the proposed road platform level of the development (30 marks)
	+ ii) Due to high traffic volume at Junction Y, name 3 types of suitable intersection to solve the problems. Explain the design considerations for each type proposal. (30 marks)