Differences in Japanese vocabulary and pronounciation in Kawagoeland and Japan

Japanese is one of the four official languages of Kawagoeland. Before 1957, Kawagoeland used hiragana, katakana and Traditional Chinese characters, as well as the kana *wi* and *we*. Over time, Kawagoenese Japanese went under influence from non-Mandarin Chinese varieties, resulting in so many Min Nan, Hakka, Cantonese, Teochew and Wu Chinese words in Traditional Chinese character forms entering Kawagoenese Japanese with their original pronounciations, albeit modified for its phonology. Recently, some 270 words had their original versions (in Traditional Chinese characters but mapped to Japanese pronounciations, but also a Traditional Chinese character followed by a set of hiragana) replaced with the simpler, transliterations of the English words into katakana. Kawagoeland also simplified a number of characters in their variation of the Japanese language. Because Japanese speakers in Japan might become unfamiliar with these characters or terms due to the difference in terminology, they are typically marked with furigana.

## Pronounciations used that are different in Kawagoeland from those used in Japan

Unlike Mandarin Chinese and other non-Mandarin Chinese varieties (Cantonese, Hokkien, Wu, Gan and Teochew), Japanese lacks tone and so the tone is removed when a Chinese word enters Kawagoenese Japanese.

* 学校 [Fujisawa 學校]: *hokuhā* (ほくはあ), not *gakkō* [pronounciation taken from Cantonese: *hok6 haau6*]
	+ When combined with 魔法使い (*mahōtsukai*), 向導 [Fujisawa 嚮導] (*hōndō*) or 魔女 (*majo*), e.g. 魔法使い学(ほく)校(はあ) (*mahōtsukai hokuhā*), meaning "wizard school" or "school for wizards"
* 茶: *tsa* (つぁ), not *cha* [pronounciation taken from Hakka: *chhà*]
	+ お茶(つぁ): *otsa*, not *ocha*
	+ 茶(つぁ)色(いろ): *tsairo*, not *chairo*
	+ Exceptions apply to personal names, and (some cities only) in the names of cities, such as 茶関 ("Chaseki"), but not 茶(つぁ)町(まち), which in this case it is still pronounced *Tsamachi*.

## Words and/or terms that are different in Kawagoeland from those used in Japan

* *screenplay*: 脚本 in Japan, 劇(きょく)本(ぽん) in Kawagoeland [extended Kanazawa variant 剧(きょく)本(ぽん)], pronounced as *kyokupon*, from the pronounciation of 劇本 (剧本 in Simplified Chinese) in Min Dong: *kiŏk-buōng*.
	+ Example: すべてのエピソードの題名カードには、エピソードの名前と、劇(きょく)本(ぽん)、絵コンテ、演出の名前が表示されます。(*Subete no episōdo no daimei kādo ni wa, episōdo no namae to, kyokupon, ekonte, enshutsu no namae ga pūsu sa remasu.*)
* *pink*: ピンク in Japan, 粉(ふん)色(いろ) (*funiro*) in Kawagoeland (粉's pronounciation as *fun* (ふん) in Kawagoenese Japanese comes from the pronounciation of 粉 in Teochew, which is *hung2*)
* *block party* (American English) / *street party* (British English): 通り晚(ぶあん)会(ふえ) [Fujisawa 通り晚(ぶあん)會(ふえ)] or 通りパーティ. The first and the latter became official in the Kanazawa orthography, with the latter the only acceptable form in education.
* *costume party* (American English) / *fancy dress party* (British English): 衣装晚(ぶあん)会(ふえ) [Fujisawa 衣装晚(ぶあん)會(ふえ)] (*Ishō buanfue*); 晚(ぶあん)会(ふえ) [Fujisawa 晚(ぶあん)會(ふえ)] is from the pronounciation of 晚會 in Hokkien, which is *boán-hōe*.
	+ Most Kawagoenese nowadays use 衣装パーティ to mean *costume party*/*fancy dress party*, and 衣装パーティ became the only term to be used in primary education to mean *costume party*/*fancy dress party*.
	+ The same also applies to other types of parties: トガ晚(ぶあん)會(ふえ)/トガ晚(ぶあん)会(ふえ) *toga buanfue* ("toga party"), etc. Does not apply to 仮面舞踏会 *kamenbudōkai* ("masquerade party").
* *traveling carnival* (American English) / *travelling funfair* (British English): The term 旅行遊園地 *ryokō yuenchi* is used in Kawagoeland to refer to funfairs, in Japan this corresponds to 移動遊園地 *idō yuenchi*.
* *apartment* (American English) / *flat* (British English): 公(こう)寓(ぐう) *kōgū* in Kawagoeland, calqued from Chinese. In Japan, the term アパート *apāto* is used to describe apartments.
* *community*: 社区 [Fujisawa 社區] is used in Kawagoeland, and is pronounced *yashiroku*, calqued from Chinese.
* *tram terminus* / *tram terminal*: In Kawagoeland, 製(せい)作(さく)所(しょ) *seisakusho* refers to a tram terminus, for example, 風(かぜ)井(い)製(せい)作(さく)所(しょ) *Kazei seisakusho* "Kazei Tram Terminus".

## Words and or terms, both English-originated and Mandarin-originated, that are used in Kawagoeland

* *cream*: The traditional Kawagoenese Japanese term for *cream* is 奶(りん)油(ゆ) (*rin'yu*), which originates from the pronounciation of this word from the Quanzhou dialect of Hokkien, which is *lin-iû*, which corresponds to *rin'yu* in the Kawagoenisation of Hokkien pronounciations to Japanese. In the modern times, クリーム *kurīmu* (from English *cream*) has replaced 奶油 in most uses, though the former word may still appear.
* *elevator* (American English) / *lift* (British English): Normally, 升(せん)降(かん)機(き) (*senkanki*) is used in Kawagoeland, where the term エレベーター *erebētā* would be used in Japan (the term エレベーター is also acceptable in Kawagoeland). The pronounciation comes from Hokkien *seng-kàng-ki*.

## Japanese anime credit terms and Kawagoenese counterparts

Due to Kawagoenese union rules for animation, any anime imported to Kawagoeland is edited to have a creditless opening and ending, with all credits relating to creator of the manga, screenplay, episode directors, key animators, background artists, etc. be referred by a book or online. An exception to this is Studio Ghibli films.