Sterling Type F

**Decibel rating (100ft)** | 117 dB @ 10ft (outdoors)
 **Type of siren** | Directional Electromechanical

The **Type F** (Factory siren) is a small industrial siren that was produced by the Sterling Siren Fire Alarm Company (originally the Inter-State Machine Products Company) for a period of roughly 60 years, and was a significant competitor in the industrial and short range fire siren markets. Despite being rather rare today, these sirens are still known to be loud, reliable sirens. These would be succeeded by the Model F-2.

## History and Design

Advertised as the "Sterling Factory Siren", the siren was intended for indoor use as an industrial siren and a fire alarm, providing a distinctive loud signal. It was designed to compete with sirens such as the Model A, D, L, and various other small sirens such as the Sparton Model 35 and H.O.R. Siro-Drone Type 87 in this market. The Type F and Model F-2 are small electric sirens with a directional design, designed to be mounted on ceilings, walls, and other surfaces. The sirens use a small aluminum 8-port rotor and stator driven by a 1/5HP AC/DC universal motor, running on 110V AC as standard. The motor operates at 14,000RPM, causing the sirens to be extremely high pitched. The sirens reach 117 dB at 10ft outdoors, while reaching 103 dB at 10ft in an indoor ambient environment. The Type F uses brass sleeve bearings, which require periodic lubrication to work correctly. The siren can be lubricated through two oil cups placed on top of the motor housing.

    The Type F is designed similarly to a vehicular siren, with the siren being attached to a metal swivel mount underneath that allows the siren to be aimed vertically. The sound is projected through the siren's flared intake, as well as a bell-shaped skirt. Originally, the intake was much thinner and longer, potentially to compress the air as it intakes, but this was later changed to a shorter, wider intake. The motor is covered by a protective housing on the rear of the siren, with the power cable going through the bottom of the cover. The motor cover and motor itself are quite fragile if the siren is banged around, and are prone to cracking or breaking if disassembled without care. The siren has a directional design, projecting in one direction, like many small sirens. Unlike most sirens, however, the siren completely lacks finger guards on the stator, which can lead to personal injury if the siren is mishandled.

    There are four distinct generations of Type F, with the design changing throughout the years. The earliest Type Fs, known as the first generation, resembled the horn-style sirens that were common at the time. The first gen Type Fs used a long, thin intake which thinned out in the middle before then expanding to the width of the rotor, which would help suck air into the siren better. However, this was more difficult to manufacture. The siren also used a simple rounded projector. By the mid-Interstate era in the 1920s, the Type F would be heavily redesigned with a simpler design, with a simple cone-shaped intake and projector, with rings on each of them. Its overall design was much closer to the Federal Type A compared to other generations. The third generation was introduced as early as 1932, and established the overall design the siren would use throughout most of its production run, with an ornate bell-shaped intake and projector, and a simple, three-step motor cover. The fourth generation was largely the same as the third generation, with minor design changes to the motor cover. The vast majority of surviving units are third and fourth generation units.

    The siren could optionally be mounted vertically facing downwards, with a metal pipe attached to the intake allowing it to stand vertically. Vertical Type F and F-2 units were commonly paired with Eagleux beacons as a street clearing unit, flashing a red "FIRE" light and activating the siren to clear the street for volunteer firefighters. The Type F sold fairly well throughout its lifetime, but it never sold as well as Sterling's larger sirens such as the Model M and the Vertical Siren. The Type F was sold until around the 1960s, when the siren would be completely redesigned in the Model F-2.