🍊Orange🍊

Oranges are an orange color. They are similar to [1]

## About Oranges

The **orange** is the fruit of various citrus species in the family Rutaceae (see list of plants known as orange); it primarily refers to *Citrus* × *sinensis*, which is also called **sweet orange**, to distinguish it from the related *Citrus × aurantium*, referred to as bitter orange. The sweet orange reproduces asexually (apomixis through nucellar embryony); varieties of sweet orange arise through mutations.

The orange is a hybrid between pomelo (*Citrus maxima*) and mandarin (*Citrus reticulata*). The chloroplast genome, and therefore the maternal line, is that of pomelo. The sweet orange has had its full genome sequenced.

The orange originated in a region comprising Southern China, Northeast India, and Myanmar, and the earliest mention of the sweet orange was in Chinese literature in 314 BC. As of 1987, orange trees were found to be the most cultivated fruit tree in the world. Orange trees are widely grown in tropical and subtropical climates for their sweet fruit. The fruit of the orange tree can be eaten fresh, or processed for its juice or fragrant peel. As of 2012, sweet oranges accounted for approximately 70% of citrus production.

In 2017, 73 million tonnes of oranges were grown worldwide, with Brazil producing 24% of the world total, followed by China and India.The word *orange* derives from the Sanskrit word for "orange tree" (नारङ्ग *nāraṅga*), which in turn derives from a Dravidian root word (compare நரந்தம் *narandam* which refers to Bitter orange in Tamil). The Sanskrit word reached European languages through Persian نارنگ (*nārang*) and its Arabic derivative نارنج (*nāranj*).

The word entered Late Middle English in the fourteenth century via Old French *orenge* (in the phrase *pomme d'orenge*). The French word, in turn, comes from Old Provençal *auranja*, based on Arabic *nāranj*. In several languages, the initial *n* present in earlier forms of the word dropped off because it may have been mistaken as part of an indefinite article ending in an *n* sound—in French, for example, *une norenge* may have been heard as *une orenge*. This linguistic change is called juncture loss. The color was named after the fruit, and the first recorded use of *orange* as a color name in English was in 1512.
A closeup of an orange blossom
As Portuguese merchants were presumably the first to introduce the sweet orange to some regions of Europe, in several modern Indo-European languages the fruit has been named after them. Some examples are Albanian portokall, Bulgarian портокал (*portokal*), Greek πορτοκάλι (*portokali*), Macedonian '**portokal'**, Persian پرتقال (*porteghal*), Turkish portakal and Romanian portocală. Related names can be found in other languages, such as Arabic البرتقال (*bourtouqal*), Georgian ფორთოხალი (*pʰortʰoxali*) and Amharic *birtukan*. Also, in some of the Italian regional languages (e.g. Neapolitan), an orange is *portogallo* or *purtuallo*, literally "(the) Portuguese (one)", in contrast to the Italian *arancia*.

In other Indo-European languages, the words for *orange* allude to the eastern origin of the fruit and can be translated literally as "apple from China". Some examples are German *Apfelsine* (alternative name for *Orange* and common in northern Germany), Dutch *appelsien* and *sinaasappel*, Swedish *apelsin*, Russian *апельсин* (*apelsin*) and Norwegian *appelsin*. A similar case is Puerto Rican Spanish *china*.

Various Slavic languages use the variants *pomaranč* (Slovak), *pomeranč* (Czech), *pomaranča* (Slovene), and *pomarańcza* (Polish), all from Old French *pomme d'orenge*.