1885

Events from the year **1885 in the United States**.

## Incumbents

### Federal Government

* President: Chester A. Arthur (R-NY) (until March 4), Grover Cleveland (D-NY) (starting March 4)
* Vice President:
	+ until March 4: *vacant*
	+ March 4–November 25: Thomas A. Hendricks (D-IN)
	+ starting November 25: *vacant*
* Chief Justice: Morrison Waite (OH)
* Speaker of the House of Representatives: John G. Carlisle (D-KY)
* Congress: 48th (until March 4), 49th (starting March 4)

Governors
* Governor of Alabama: Edward A. O'Neal (Democratic)
* Governor of Arkansas: James Henderson Berry (Democratic) (until January 17), Simon Pollard Hughes Jr. (Democratic) (starting January 17)
* Governor of California: George Stoneman (Republican)
* Governor of Colorado: James Benton Grant (Democratic) (until January 13), Benjamin Harrison Eaton (Republican) (starting January 13)
* Governor of Connecticut: Thomas M. Waller (Democratic) (until January 8), Henry B. Harrison (Republican) (starting January 8)
* Governor of Delaware: Charles C. Stockley (Democratic)
* Governor of Florida: William D. Bloxham (Democratic) (until January 7), Edward A. Perry (Democratic) (starting January 7)
* Governor of Georgia: Henry D. McDaniel (Democratic)
* Governor of Illinois: John Marshall Hamilton (Republican) (until January 30), Richard J. Oglesby (Republican) (starting January 30)
* Governor of Indiana: Albert G. Porter (Republican) (until January 12), Isaac P. Gray (Democratic) (starting January 12)
* Governor of Iowa: Buren R. Sherman (Republican)
* Governor of Kansas: George W. Glick (Democratic) (until January 12), John A. Martin (Republican) (starting January 12)
* Governor of Kentucky: J. Proctor Knott (Democratic)
* Governor of Louisiana: Samuel D. McEnery (Democratic)
* Governor of Maine: Frederick Robie (Republican)
* Governor of Maryland: Robert Milligan McLane (Democratic) (until March 27), Henry Lloyd (Democratic) (starting March 27)
* Governor of Massachusetts: George D. Robinson (Republican)
* Governor of Michigan: Josiah Begole (Democratic) (until January 1), Russell Alger (Republican) (starting January 1)
* Governor of Minnesota: Lucius F. Hubbard (Republican)
* Governor of Mississippi: Robert Lowry (Democratic)
* Governor of Missouri: Thomas Theodore Crittenden (Democratic) (until January 12), John S. Marmaduke (Democratic) (starting January 12)
* Governor of Nebraska: James W. Dawes (Republican)
* Governor of Nevada: Jewett W. Adams (Democratic)
* Governor of New Hampshire: Samuel W. Hale (Republican) (until June 4), Moody Currier (Republican) (starting June 4)
* Governor of New Jersey: Leon Abbett (Democratic)
* Governor of New York: Grover Cleveland (Democratic) (until January 6), David B. Hill (Democratic) (starting January 6)
* Governor of North Carolina: Thomas Jordan Jarvis (Democratic) (until January 21), Alfred Moore Scales (Democratic) (starting January 21)
* Governor of Ohio: George Hoadly (Democratic)
* Governor of Oregon: Z. F. Moody (Republican)
* Governor of Pennsylvania: Robert E. Pattison (Democratic)
* Governor of Rhode Island: Augustus O. Bourn (Republican) (until May 26), George P. Wetmore (Republican) (starting May 26)
* Governor of South Carolina: Hugh Smith Thompson (Democratic)
* Governor of Tennessee: William B. Bate (Democratic)
* Governor of Texas: John Ireland (Democratic)
* Governor of Vermont: Samuel E. Pingree (Republican)
* Governor of Virginia: William E. Cameron (Re-adjuster)
* Governor of West Virginia: Jacob B. Jackson (Democratic) (until March 4), Emanuel Willis Wilson (Democratic) (starting March 4)
* Governor of Wisconsin: Jeremiah McLain Rusk (Republican)

Lieutenant Governors
* Lieutenant Governor of California: John Daggett (Democratic)
* Lieutenant Governor of Colorado: William H. Meyer (Republican) (until January 13), Peter W. Breene (Republican) (starting January 13)
* Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut: George G. Sumner (Democratic) (until January 8), Lorrin A. Cooke (Republican) (starting January 8)
* Lieutenant Governor of Florida: Livingston W. Bethel (Democratic) (until January 7), Milton H. Mabry (Democratic) (starting January 7)
* Lieutenant Governor of Illinois: William J. Campbell (Republican) (until January 30), John Smith (Republican) (starting January 30)
* Lieutenant Governor of Indiana: Thomas Hanna (Republican) (until January 12), Mahlon Dickerson Manson (Democratic) (starting January 12)
* Lieutenant Governor of Iowa: Orlando H. Manning (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Kansas: David Wesley Finney (Republican) (until January 12), Alexander P. Riddle (Republican) (starting January 12)
* Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky: James R. Hindman (Democratic)
* Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana: Clay Knobloch (Democratic)
* Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts: Oliver Ames (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Michigan: Moreau S. Crosby (Republican) (until month and day unknown), Archibald Buttars (Republican) (starting month and day unknown)
* Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota: Charles A. Gilman (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi: G. D. Shands (Democratic)
* Lieutenant Governor of Missouri: Robert Alexander Campbell (Democratic) (until January 12), Albert P. Morehouse (Democratic) (starting January 12)
* Lieutenant Governor of Nebraska: Alfred W. Agee (Republican) (until month and day unknown), Hibbard H. Shedd (Republican) (starting month and day unknown)
* Lieutenant Governor of Nevada: Charles E. Laughton (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of New York: David B. Hill (Republican) (until January 6), Dennis McCarthy (Republican) (starting January 6)
* Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina: James L. Robinson (Democratic) (until January 21), Charles M. Stedman (Democratic) (starting January 21)
* Lieutenant Governor of Ohio: John George Warwick (Democratic)
* Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania: Chauncey Forward Black (Democratic)
* Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island: Oscar Rathbun (political party unknown) (until May 26), Lucius B. Darling (Republican) (starting May 26)
* Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina: John Calhoun Sheppard (Democratic)
* Lieutenant Governor of Tennessee: Benjamin F. Alexander (Democratic) (until month and day unknown), Cabell R. Berry (Democratic) (starting month and day unknown)
* Lieutenant Governor of Texas: Francis M. Martin (Democratic) (until month and day unknown), Barnett Gibbs (Democratic) (starting month and day unknown)
* Lieutenant Governor of Vermont: Ebenezer J. Ormsbee (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Virginia: John F. Lewis (Republican)
* Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin: Sam S. Fifield (Republican)

## Events

### January - March

* February 9 – The first Japanese arrive in Hawaii.
* February 16 – Charles Dow publishes the first edition of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The index stands at a level of 62.76, and represents the dollar average of 14 stocks: 12 railroads and two leading American industries.
* February 18 – Mark Twain publishes *Adventures of Huckleberry Finn* in the United States.
* February 21 – United States President Chester A. Arthur dedicates the Washington Monument.
* March 3 – A subsidiary of the American Bell Telephone Company, American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T), is incorporated in New York.
* March 4 – Grover Cleveland is sworn in as the 22nd President of the United States, and Thomas A. Hendricks is sworn in as Vice President of the United States.

### April - June

* April 30
	+ A bill is signed in the New York State legislature forming the Niagara Falls State Park.
	+ Boston Pops Orchestra is formed.
* May 1 – The Depression of 1882–85 ends.
* June 17 – The Statue of Liberty arrives in New York Harbor.

### July - September

* July 11 – San Diego Building and Loan Association founded, predecessor of Great American Bank.
* July 14 – Sarah E. Goode is the first female African-American to apply for and receive a patent, for the invention of the hideaway bed.
* July 23 – Former President and Civil War general Ulysses S. Grant dies in Mount McGregor, New York.
* August 25 – Author Laura Ingalls Wilder marries Almanzo Wilder.
* September 2 – The Rock Springs massacre occurs in Rock Springs, Wyoming; 150 white miners attack their Chinese coworkers, killing 28, wounding 15, and forcing several hundred more out of town.
* September 8 – Saint Thomas Academy is founded in Minnesota.

### October - December

* October 13 – The Georgia Institute of Technology is established in Atlanta, Georgia as the Georgia School of Technology.
* November 25 – Vice President Thomas A. Hendricks dies in office.
* December 1 – The U.S. Patent Office acknowledges this date as the day Dr Pepper is served for the very first time; the exact date of Dr Pepper's invention is unknown.

## Sport

* August 29 – John L. Sullivan becomes First World Heavyweight Boxing Champion.
* September 30 – The Chicago White Stockings clinch their Third National League pennant with a 2–1 win over the New York Giants.

## Memoriam

* January 13 – Schuyler Colfax, 17th Vice President of the United States from 1869 to 1873 (aged 61; Mankato, MN, USA)
* January 24 – Martin Delany, African American abolitionist, journalist and physician (aged 72; Wilberforce, OH, USA)
* February 2 – John W. Phelps, Union Army general (aged 71; Guilford, VT, USA)
* February 12 – Alexandre Mouton, U.S. Senator from Louisiana from 1843 to 1846 (aged 80; Lafayette, LA, USA)
* March 17 – Susan Warner (pseudonym Elizabeth Weatherell), religious and children's writer (aged 65; Highland Falls, NY, USA)
* May 4 – Irvin McDowell, Union Army officer known for defeat in the First Battle of Bull Run (aged 66; San Francisco, CA, USA)
* May 17 – Jonathan Young, U.S. Navy commodore (aged 58; New London, CT, USA)
* May 19 – Robert Emmet Odlum, swimming instructor, dies as result of becoming the first person to jump from the Brooklyn Bridge (aged 33; New York City, NY, USA)
* May 20 – Frederick T. Frelinghuysen, 29th United States Secretary of State (aged 67; Newark, NJ, USA)
* July 23 – Ulysses S. Grant, 18th President of the United States from 1869 to 1877 (aged 63; Wilton, NY, USA)
* August 10 – James W. Marshall, contractor, builder of Sutter's Mill (aged 74; Kelsey, CA, USA)
* September 3 – William M. Gwin, U.S. Senator from California from 1850 to 1855 and from 1857 to 1861 (aged 79; New York City, NY, USA)
* October 5 – Thomas C. Durant, railroad financier (aged 65; Warren County, NY, USA)
* October 29 – George B. McClellan, soldier, civil engineer, railroad executive and politician (aged 58; West Orange, NJ, USA)
* November 25 – Thomas A. Hendricks, 21st Vice President of the United States from March to November 1885 (aged 66; Indianapolis, IN, USA)
* December 8 – William Henry Vanderbilt, entrepreneur (aged 64; New York City, NY, USA)
* December 13 – Benjamin Gratz Brown, politician (aged 59; Kirkwood, MO, USA)
* December 15 – Robert Toombs, U.S. Senator from Georgia from 1853 to 1861 (aged 75; Washington, GA, USA)
* December 29 – James E. Bailey, U.S. Senator from Tennessee from 1877 to 1881 (aged 63; Clarksville, TN, USA)