Aventinus 103

Johannes Turmayr's 1520 History of Bavaria, Chapter 103, - translated and annotated by Ras Feqade, AD 2021.

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### 103. Of King Alber and his six cousins, who reigned with us, likewise too of the Jews and their kings, namely Solomon and Rehoboam and Abiah, who in the time of the aforementioned king had charge of the Jews.

After the three brothers mentioned above, king **Alber**, the aforementioned king Gallen's son, of whom old German rhyme is still available, and his six cousins, whom I said above, ruled for sixty years. And (as the Latin verse was intended to contain) so king Alber held his own hereditary court in the country now called France.

[Alber is assigned 60 years, meaning 1027-967 BC. His cousins, the six sons of Hillyr, each inherited their separate kingdoms south of the Danube in approximately the same era, a time of increased decentralization.

The remainder of this chapter, like the following two chapters, is about Biblical rulers of Israel and Judah. Solomon ruled 967-928 BC, possibly overlapping partly with Alber's final year. Rehoboam ruled Judah 928-911 BC and Abijam 911-909 BC.]

### 105. Of Jeroboam, the first king of Israel, and his son.

[Jeroboam ruled Israel 928-908 BC; his son Nadab 908-907 BC.]

### 106. Of the kings of the Latins.

In Italian lands, in the Latin landship, where now Rome is, ruled 39 years the sixth Latin king **Alba Sylvius**. His son **Atys** succeeded him, who is also called Epytus, the seventh Latin king; he was king of the Latins 24 years.

[Alba Sylvius ruled Latium 1027 to 988 BC, followed by Aegyptus Sylvius 988 to 964 BC.]

### 107. Of king Walther, who ruled Italy, Germany from this side of Parthenberg up to Hispania, and his cousins Panno and Schardn.

As I find in the above-mentioned Latin verses, so has ruled over the above-mentioned country with us king **Walther** with his cousins **Panno** and **Schardn** 62 years; he was called Walh for short. His war people and farmhands are called the forest knights and forest hennl (as one then still calls the warriors in Bavaria and another saying is) briefly called Walhen, as we of them still today the inhabitants of the above-mentioned country, which his father Gal had, and from him Italy is commonly called Walhen and Walisch land; no matter how long on the Rhine, France and Hispania are also called Walhen and otherwise we also call Italy and the country people shortly Lombardy and Lombards from the German Swabians and Saxons, as long as defeated, France and French from the German Franks, and Hispania Cathalonia from the Guots and Alauns, who also came from Germany, call them special and peculiar. I will describe this in the other book.

[Walther is assigned the 62 years from 967 to 905 BC.]

And I like to say, Kels Kelter, Gal Galter, Wal Walther would be one name and was (after it was uttered briefly or completely, differently and differently by Germans, Latins, Greeks according to the type and occasion of the tongues) changed in such a way and a G for that W, later also a K for the G and an E for A, as in other German names more history. Even today, where the High German Walther, the French say Gwalther; the ones in Italy Galter, the Netherlands Kelter: afterwards they become Walh, Gal, Kelz for short. A similar story every day with the name Willehelm, is Wilhalm for short, Gwilhelm in French, Gulielm in Italian, Vilelmius in Roman. But while those who wrote before me for such a long time were saying three kings, I read it happened too. It's not in turn, there would have been three consecutive kings of these names. I find that in a number of Greeks, the Celtes, Galates, Galatia in Greek, where the Roman spoke Gallus and Gallia: accordingly is Celtes, Galates, Gallus a name among them, only changed as I have now mentioned above, and in these and other words the common use is the historian; in German it would be Walther, that is the king with the waltknechten and out of the forest, in short the king of the Walhen.

Which king Walther's cousin, king Panno with his brother Schard, the abovementioned king Authar's son, has formerly ruled the Danube in the lands above the Sava, the same after in the called Pangau: between the Drava and Save Underpangau, above the Drava Oberpangau, as then still a place of the bishopric of Salzburg has retained its name. And this country is still called Pannonia and Paeonia by the Latins and Greeks from the above king Panno.

In the old Bavarian birth records I find that the old Bavarians used much these two names, namely Walther and Panno. So, in the same country, a people sat between the Drava and the Sava before the birth of Christ, from king Schardn, Panno's brother, called the Schardinger. It was two different things, one has called Schardinger big and small, all of which, along with the other Bavarian people, were driven out by the Romans, as I will describe in the other book and at the end of this book.

### 109. Of the kings and those who came here in Jerusalem, the 5 6 7 8 named Aza, Josaphat, Joram, Ochozias; how the dynasty of king Solomon died.

[Asa 909-869 BC; Jehosaphat 869-848 BC; Jehoram 848-841 BC; Ahaziah 841 BC.]

### 110. Of the other kings of the Jews, who were mighty in the ten places.

[This covers the kings of Israel from Baasha to Jehu, 907-814 BC.]

### 111. Of the Latin kings in Italy, of Homer the poet and of Rhodis.

At the same time, Walther reigned here with us, **Capis** reigned over the Latins for 28 years; built the city of Capua in the kingdom of Naplis, was previously the capital of the country. According to him, the Latin kingdom of kingdom comes his son **Calpetus** 13 years; His son **Tiberinus** inherited it eight years; from him the name of the watercourse Tiber, which runs through the city to Rome, was called before Albula, that is the Weissa. Tiberino is in the kingdom of his son **Agrippa** forty years.

[Capis Sylvius ruled Latium 964 to 936 BC, followed by Carpentius Sylvius 936 to 923 BC, Tyberinus Sylvius 923 to 915 BC, and Agrippa Sylvius 915 to 875 BC.]

This time (when a number of waves and Eusebius and Jerome listed them in their chronicles) should have lived Homer, the earliest pagan poet and learned, father and the beginning of all writing and art. But he was only a long time afterwards, probably over two hundred years, then he indicated in his books how in his time the world had been drained so long ago, so people were much weaker and smaller than that at the time of Troy has been proven by the Greeks: that is why he must have lived much longer after the destruction of the kingdom of Troy. He also mentions a number of towns that have had the same after that time.

At the time the Rhodis were at sea, they had it with violence for 23 years.

### 112. Of the German kings Main or Moin and Angel, and their cousin king Treibl.

After king Walther and his cousin Panno, we have German and adjoining land administrated for seventy years by king **Main** or Moin, king **Angel** king Walther's sons, and king **Treibl** the aforementioned Panno's son. He dwelt here with the Danube northward, a place opposite after him and the people who drove or drifted before times; drove out the Romans.

From king Moin the name of the city of Mainz, the rivers Main and Moinsgaden, something like a city on the Narka around the Vichtelberg, is called Ptolomaeus Monosgada.

The Ängläser and Änglender, which Tacitus calls Anglios in Latin and Ptolomaeus Angeilous in Greek, come from king Ängel; long ago in the countries that are now called Tyrgen and Meissen. Ängel is an old Bavarian name, of which Inglstadt, Engelburg, Engelbrechtsmünster, Engelmair come: villages, cities and castles still in the Bavarian region today. And there are still from this king Ängel old German rhymes.

[Main and Angel, and their cousin Treibl south of the Danube in Pannonia, are assigned the space of 70 years, from 905 to 835 BC. However the story of Saxo that the Angles were from the earlier Swedish prince Angel who settled in old Anglia around 1748 BC, seems more likely, this German king (of Skioldung descent if I am correct about Wolfheim) would be only a namesake.]

### 114. Of the kings of Israel.

[Joahaz 814-800 BC; Joash of Israel 800-785 BC.]

### 115. Of the mightiest city of Ninos or Nineveh, how it was broken, together with the ancient empire of Assyria.

[This is a synopsis of Mesopotamian history as understood in 1520, mentioning the kings Nimrod (Enmerkar of Uruk 2424-2398 BC), Belus (Gilgamesh of Uruk 2367-2342 BC), Ninus (Meskiagnuna of Ur 2306-2254 BC) and queen Semiramis (Shamgan or Gansaman of Ur 2254-2212 BC), then jumping to the supposed 'last' king, Sardanapalus (the pretender Ashur Daninpal 826-820 BC). He then mentions several kings of Babylon (some of whom are actually the later Assyrian kings) to the fall of Babylon in 539 BC.]

### 116. The old kings from the land of Media, who were under the aforementioned kings of Babylon, and were wiped out by Cyrus, the first emperor of the Persians.

[This section follows the traditional list of Median kings of Herodotus, beginning with the first Arbaces (819-791 BC) to the last Astyages (585-550 BC). This erroneously has 'Mandanes' out of place as the second king, he is in fact the same Mader or Madyus the Scythian who is later described as a king in Germany as well.]

### 117. Of the Latin Kings and what was special at this time in adjoining countries

At the time when king Main and his cousin king Treibel ruled with us, the Latin king **Romulus Sylvius** was 19 years; the weather killed him. He had two sons and left them under: the elder **Aventinus Sylvius** was the Latin king 37 years, he is buried in Rome on a mountain that he still names today and is called mons Aventinus; his younger brother was Julius, a stepson of Julius Proculus, who with king Romulus, the first Roman king, moved to Rome. From him is the first caesar Julius.

[Aremulus Sylvius 875-856 BC; Aventinus Sylvius 856-819 BC.]

At that time, those from the land of Phrygia in Asia were also powerful and mighty on the sea, where Troy was formerly and now great Turkey is, 25 years. Subsequently, they from the island of Cyprus decided to become the master of the sea for 32 years and (as they say) one thing upon another. After them, the sea was for 45 years, the big chicken (like the Venetians and now the king of Portugal) drove them out, the land of Phoenicia and the city of Tyre, that is also called Schor in Jewish.

[The Phrygians (Mushki) ruled the sea, and Baetia in Spain, 897-872 BC, then the Cypriots (Alashia) 872-839 BC, and the Phoenicians 839-794 BC.]

There also lived this time, the wise famous man of the pagans by the name of Lycurgus, the king of Lacedemon, who gave the Greeks good law and order.

### 118. Of the German and Bavarian kings Myela, Laber and Penno, and what a big change happened at this time all over the world.

After the above mentioned kings Main and Treibel, **Myela**, **Laber** and **Penno** managed Germany until the 100th year, as I have found in several Latin verses. Myela is called Melo by the Latins and Greeks, as Tacitus and Ptolemy give notice. Penno (as I find it in the old death records) was a common name of the old Bavarians. From Myela there is still the name of the imperial city in Thuringia, Mylhausen, and similarly of the Tyrger and Harz Forest: these rivers have been called something similar in the Mylbuechat or Myelbuecher landship, also a city in the Bohemian forest towards Merhern and Slesi, from Prague 32 miles to the east, Mylan.

[Kings Myela, Laber and Penno are assigned the space of 100 years, 835-735 BC, but it seems more likely they would have ruled consecutively and not all three for 100 years.]

This site was also, among the elders, called from Penno, Pennos mountain, between the Inn and Lech above Munich. In Ptolemy, the aforementioned places are called in the Greek and Latin tongue Melobochus, Meliodunum, Alpes Pennae or Penninae. From king Laber, two rivers in old Bavaria in the Nordgau, and two this side of the Danube in lower Bavaria, still keep the name marked and closed: the first Laber falls near Diethfurt in the city in the Altmyl, the other in the Danube above Regensburg not far from the Nab at the urfar Sinzing; the two also fall into the Danube above Straubing near upper and lower Mozing.

And after our first king, Teutsch, arranged that to reward the virtue of the goodness of the stupid to raise offspring with eternal praise and praise, make songs about it and obviously sang: this king continued to talk and command that one also make songs about those who do wrong and angry, so that they feel ashamed and correct themselves, they sang them everywhere and namely at night openly in the alleys in front of the houses, if one is not aware of it, that is why one then also sang such called *liechter* and *liechtl*. The ancient poets had such a need among the Greeks: and we still call such songs *laberers*. It wasn't a bad opinion; then one may do wrong, it is fair that he is tired of it, that he also sing and say: if he is ashamed, he will do it to himself. But the worldly forbade such a thing over time, didn't like it in the long, feared it would come to you too (when it came to fretting).

And I also think that the country we now called Bavaria, Laberland was called a long time ago, before the Etruscans moved in, Rhaeti that is called Rhäzen, as some think. Angelus Politianus is also in this opinion, a vastly learned man, a Florentine, in a letter he wrote to the king Matthias in Hungary. Subsequently they descended in Sophoi, since the path rises, were called from Lauer or Laber, Lauerer or Labizer, the Latins and Greeks call them Labicos, Laobicenses. I also think that Salzburg is called in Latin Laobicensium caput, the Labrer or Labizer capital.

At this time, easily 70 consecutive years, major changes happened all over the world, quite a few kingdoms disintegrated, namely (as I first mentioned above) the most powerful and first empire of Assyria, two kingdoms in Greece the Corinthians and Lacedaemonians, so the best hardiest warriors, with the ancients were vastly famous for a long time. Likewise, the ten place of Jewishness melted away, if one calls the kingdom of Israel and Samaria, also that of Damascus and Egypt and the Latins kingdom in Italy. The city of Rome was built again, the Roman Empire arose. The Greeks have devised their eras, called olympiads, so far (as I reported above) from the city of Troy's destruction at 400 years. Being a careless people they did not write down more exactly than what the Jews did. Now the puddles get stuck with time and rise here, that the Romans and Greeks are growing too much in strength, art and wisdom, the Jews are taking off with force: one must always take one off, the other on as in the angry sea.

[The captivity the ten tribes of Israel was 721 BC, Rome was founded 753 BC, the first Olympiad was 776 BC.]

### 119. Of the kings of Jerusalem, who reigned at this time, namely Ozias, Jonathan, Achaz, Ezechias, whom the Jews call Hizkiah.

[These kings ruled Judah roughly from 771 until 687 BC.]

### 120. The kings of Israel of the ten places of Jewishness, how they together with their kings, were ruled out, so that they had raised up, or held up, an admiring worship service, not ordered and commanded by God, so that God did not seek a home only in Jerusalem.

[This covers the last kings of Israel, 785-721 BC, until the Assyrian captivity.]

### 121. What happened in other adjoining countries. At first of the beginning of the city of Rome and the Roman Empire.

At this time, when Myela and Penno reigned here, the Latin king was **Procas Sylvius** 23 years. He left two sons under him with the names Numitor and Amulius. The younger **Amulius** expelled his parents from the regime, also pushed his brother's daughter Rhea Ilia into a women's convent, to keep eternal chastity and to stay a young woman. Then, as it went, she gave birth to two sons, called **Romulus** and **Remus**, they were raised by the king's guardian housewife Accia Laurentia, who was called the wolf, because she was a good companion, quickly bypassed, she liked more man than someone. Romulus and Remus slew their cousin king Amulius, put their lord **Numitor** in the regime, built the city of Rome or (as many others say) expanded and invested. And Fabius, the captain of Romulus, killed Remus with a plowshare. So the Roman Empire arose with bloodshed, it gives an indication (as the most famous orator Cicero writes) that the great empire on justice is not otherwise then laborer and worldly predator.

[Procas Sylvias 819-796 BC; Amulius Sylvias 796-753 BC; Romulus of Rome 752-714 BC.]

How the Roman Empire even had a small beginning, how it grew over time, is adequately described in the German Titus Livius at length; it won't be necessary to talk much about it (whoever wants to know, read Titus Livius); the book would get too big if I put it all in.

And the Latin kingdom in Italy under sixteen kings had 430 years. After his death, the Romans set Romulus in heaven, called him St. Quirinus. Thoughtful Sylvius Proculus says he journeys to go see heaven.

### 122. Of several stories of people of this time.

At this time with the Greeks, Phidon, a native of Argos, the city in the land of Morea, invented mass, ells, weights; before one only could buy according to the appearance and generally according to the building.

Those from Egypt and the city of Alexandria also became powerful at sea; but it was not yet called so, it had a different name. After them, lords of the sea were from the land of Caria in Asia, from the city of Miletos, facing the island of Nigropont. And the city of Miletos had at this time skillful people, namely two: the first is Arthimus the poet, who described the devastation of Morea and the city of Troy; the other is called Thales, the first and most famous pagan master, artist and philosopher of the Greeks, who lived for two hundred years and even longer.

[The Meshwesh Egyptians controlled the sea, as well as part of Spain, 794-759 BC, followed by the Milesians from Miletus, 759-730 BC.]

At that time there were other people in Greece, also well known: Cynethon the poet from the city of Lacedemon, likewise from the city of Corinth, Eumelus the poet, Sybilla Erythrea, **Midas** the rich king in the land of Phrygia, where Troy is located.

It is said also that at this time the formerly most powerful city of Carthage in Africa was first built facing Spain by Elissa, the king's daughter of the city of Tire, whom some call **Dido**, 65 years before the city of Rome, which some consider much older.

[Differing dates have been given for the founding of Carthage, but the indicated date of 818 BC seems about right for Queen Dido of Tyre.]