recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Intellectual Disabilities

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.AbuseThe following page includes discussions of abuse, including verbal, physical, neglect, sexual (**SA also has its own warning**), etc. If you are uncomfortable or get triggered by this topic, it is recommended to not read this page.

**Intellectual Disabilities** are neuro-developmental conditions that cause problems with intellectual tasks. Those with intellectual disabilities have trouble with things like learning, communications, thinking rationally, making judgements, and planning. They often struggle in school and may also have problems with friends and day-to-day tasks like bathing or getting dressed.

**Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD)** is a relatively new diagnosis. In the past, this was referred to as "mental retardation".

## Signs & Symptoms

The main sign of an IDD is slow learning, specific symptoms include:

* Crawling, walking or talking later than other children.
* Struggling to keep up at school.
* Finding it hard to remember things, solve problems, or learn and apply new information.
* Difficulty speaking to others, reading body language and understanding social cues.
* Having trouble making and keeping friends.
* Having trouble doing daily tasks, such as basic self-care and handling money.
* Difficulty managing responsibilities and organizing tasks.

### Diagnosis

The following is performed to diagnose an individual with an IDD.

* Prenatal screening.
* Developmental screening.
* Formal intellectual and skill testing.
* Imaging tests.
* Genetic and other laboratory tests.

## Causes

Some cause that can occur before or at conception:

* Inherited disorders.
* Chromosomal abnormalities.

Some causes that can occur during pregnancy:

* Severe malnutrition from the birthing individual.
* Infections.
* Toxins.
* Alcohol.
* Drugs.
* Abnormal brain development.
* Preeclampsia and multiple births.

Some causes that can occur during birth:

* Insufficient oxygen.
* Extremely premature birth.

Some cause that can occur after birth:

* Brain infections.
* Severe head injury.
* Malnutrition of the child.
* Severe emotional neglect or abuse.
* Poisons.
* Brain tumors and their treatments.

## References

https://childmind.org/guide/quick-guide-to-intellectual-development-disorder/

https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/home/children-s-health-issues/learning-and-developmental-disorders/intellectual-disability

https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/idds/conditioninfo
Exploding Head Syndrome

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Exploding Head Syndrome (EHS)** is a sleep disorder in which one hears loud noises or explosions in their head during the night. It is often confused with headache syndromes, but unlike headaches, exploding head syndrome is normally a painless event.

## Signs & Symptoms

* Feeling frightened or anxious after the episode.
* Experiencing a sudden muscle jerk at the time of the episode.
* Having difficulty falling back to sleep.
* Waking up sweating, having a rapid heartbeat and/or trouble breathing.

It happens as one is falling asleep or waking up during the night. The episodes are brief, usually lasing less than a second.

Although not part of the diagnostic requirements, some individuals perceive flashes of light during the EHS episodes.

### Diagnosis

According to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, the diagnostic criteria for exploding head syndrome are:

* A complaint of a sudden, loud sound in the head upon waking up at night or during the wake-sleep transition.
* Abrupt frightening arousal following the event.
* There is no significant pain associated with the experience.

## Causes

Researchers don't know much about exploding head syndrome. There are different opinions about its causes. Some scientists think it could be:

* Minor seizures in the temporal lobe of the brain.
* Sudden shifts in the parts of the middle ear.
* Stress or anxiety.

## References

https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/exploding-head-syndrome

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21907-exploding-head-syndrome-ehs

https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders/exploding-head-syndrome/

https://www.sleepfoundation.org/parasomnias/exploding-head-syndrome

Khan I, Slowik JM. Exploding Head Syndrome. [Updated 2022 May 15]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560817/
Unspecified Anxiety Disorder

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Unspecified Anxiety Disorder** is a term for anxiety or phobia that does not meet the exact criteria for any other anxiety disorder, but is significant enough to cause distress.

## Diagnosis

Before a clinician can assign an unspecified anxiety disorder, the DSM requires that the individual meets at least three of the following six criteria:

* Feeling easily fatigued.
* Feelings of restlessness or being on edge.
* Irritability.
* Mind goes blank or has difficulty concentrating.
* Muscle tensions.
* Sleep disturbances.

## Causes

While the exact cause of anxiety disorders remains unknown, the following are some of the most common reasons individuals develop clinical anxiety:

* Chemical imbalances in the brain.
* Drug or alcohol abuse, including prescription drugs.
* Family history of anxiety disorders.
* Ongoing stress.
* Previous or current trauma.

## References

https://www.vinmec.com/en/news/health-news/general-health-check/what-is-unspecified-anxiety-disorder/

https://www.valant.io/resources/blog/icd-10-code-for-anxiety/
Other Specified Personality Disorder

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Other Specified Personality Disorder** is considered a mixed personality disorder or a catch-all term for individuals with symptoms that span cross and don't neatly fit into one specific personality disorder.

## References

https://www.verywellhealth.com/personality-disorders-5100910
Other Specified Trauma/Stressor-Related Disorder

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Other Specified Trauma/Stressor-Related Disorder** is a designation in which symptoms characteristic of a trauma and stressor-related disorder cause clinically significant distress or impairment in important areas of functioning, but do not meet the full criteria for any specific trauma disorder.

Other specified trauma/stressor-related disorder is used in situations in which the clinician chooses to communicate the specific reason that the presentation does not meet the full criteria.

## Signs & Symptoms

Examples of presentations that can be specified using the "other specified" designation include the following:

* Adjustment-Like Disorders
	+ Adjustment-like disorders with delayed onset of symptoms that occur more than three months after the stressor.
	+ Adjustment-like disorders with prolonged duration of more than six months without prolonged duration of stressor.

* Ataque de nervious, a term widely used in Spanish-speaking countries.
* Other cultural syndromes.
* Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder, a disorder characterized by severe and persistent grief and mourning reactions.

## References

https://counselorssoapbox.com/tag/other-specified-trauma-and-stressor-related-disorders/

http://www.traumatys.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Diagnosis-DSM-5-Trauma-and-Stressor-Related-Disorders-1.pdf
Social Anxiety Disorder

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Social Anxiety Disorder**, also called **Social Phobia**, is a long-term and overwhelming fear of social situations. This fear can affect work, school and other daily activities. It can make it hard to make and keep friends.

## Signs & Symptoms

Feelings of shyness or discomfort in certain situations aren't necessarily signs of social anxiety disorder. Comfort levels in social situations vary depending on personality traits and life experiences.

### Emotional Signs

* Fear of situations in which one may feel negatively judged.
* Worrying about embarrassing or humiliating oneself.
* Intense fear of interacting or talking with strangers.
* Fear that others will notice that they look anxious.
* Fear of physical symptoms that may cause embarrassment, such as blushing, sweating, trembling or having a shaky voice.
* Avoidance of doing things or speaking to people out of fear of embarrassment.
* Avoidance of situations where one might be the center of attention.
* Anxiety in anticipation of a feared activity or event.
* Intense fear or anxiety during social situations.
* Analysis of ones performance and identification of flaws in interactions after a social situation.
* Expectation of the worst possible consequences from a negative experience during a social situation.

### Physical Symptoms

* Blushing.
* Fast heartbeat.
* Trembling.
* Sweating.
* Upset stomach or nausea.
* Trouble catching ones breath.
* Dizziness or lightheadedness.
* Feeling that ones mind has gone blank.
* Muscle tension.

### Common Struggles

Common, everyday experiences may be hard to endure when one has social anxiety disorder, including:

* Interacting with unfamiliar individuals or strangers.
* Attending parties or social gatherings.
* Going to work or school.
* Starting conversations.
* Making eye contact.
* Dating.
* Entering a room in which individuals are already seated.
* Returning items to a store.
* Eating in front of others.
* Using a public restroom.

## Causes

Social anxiety disorder likely arises from a complex interaction of biological and environmental factors.

* Inherited traits.
* Brain structure.
* Environment.

## References

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/social-anxiety-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20353561

https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/social-anxiety/

https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/social-anxiety-disorder-more-than-just-shyness
Specific Learning Disorder

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Specific Learning Disorder (SLD/SpLD)** is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is typically diagnosed in early school-aged children, although may not be recognized until adulthood. The subsets of SLD are characterized by persistent impairment in at least one of three major areas: reading, written language, and/or math.

## Signs & Symptoms

One might have a learning disorder if they:

* Don't master skills in reading, writing or math at or near expected age and grade levels.
* Have difficulty understanding and following instructions.
* Have trouble remembering what someone just told them.
* Lack coordination in walking, sports or skills such as holding a pencil.
* Easily lose or misplace homework, schoolbooks or other items.
* Have difficulty understanding the concept of time.
* Resist doing homework or activities that involve reading, writing or math, or consistently can't complete homework assignments without significant help.
* Act out or show defiance, hostility or excessive emotional reactions at school or while doing academic activities.

### Diagnosis

To be diagnosed with a specific learning disorder, an individual must meet four criteria.

* Have difficulty in at least one of the following areas for at least six months despite targeted help:
	+ Difficulty reading.
	+ Difficulty understanding the meaning of what is read.
	+ Difficulty with spelling.
	+ Difficulty with written expressions.
	+ Difficulty understanding number concepts, number facts or calculation.
	+ Difficulty with mathematical reasoning.
* Have academic skills that are substantially below what is expected for the individual's age and cause problems in school, work or everyday activities.
* The difficulties start during school-age even if some individuals don't experience significant problems until adulthood.
* Learning difficulties are not due to other conditions.

## Causes

Factors that might influence the development of learning disorders include:

* Family history and genetics.
* Prenatal and neonatal risks.
* Psychological trauma
* Physical trauma.
* Environmental exposure.

## Subsets of SLD

### Dyscalculia

Dyscalculia is a SLD in which the individual has unusual struggles with math and numbers.

### Dysgraphia

Dysgraphia is a SLD in which the individual has unusual struggles with writing.

### Dyslexia

Dyslexia is a SLD in which the individual struggles with reading, often seeing the letters in a rearranged or disorientating manner, and being unable to process them quickly or at all.

## References

https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/specific-learning-disorder/what-is-specific-learning-disorder

https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/learning-disorders/art-20046105
Reduplicative Paramnesia

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.UnrealityThe following page includes discussions of unreality, including delusions, hallucinations, derealization, and depersonalization. If you are uncomfortable or get triggered by this topic, it is recommended to not read this page.

**Reduplicative Paramnesia (RP)** is characterized by a subjective certainty that a place has been duplicated; it is considered a type of delusional misidentification associated with capgras delusion, which involves reduplication of individuals. Reduplicative paramnesia is mostly seen in individuals with neurological conditions.

## References

https://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.12030072

https://alzheimersdisease.net/clinical/reduplicative-paramnesia
Unspecified Neurocognitive Disorder

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Unspecified Neurocognitive Disorder** is a term used for when an individual shows symptoms characteristics of a neurocognitive disorder that causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, and other important areas of functioning, but does not meet the full criteria for any specific cognitive disorder. The unspecified neurocognitive disorder category is used in situations in which the precise etiology cannot be determined with sufficient certainty to make an etiological attribution.
Sensory Under-Responsivity

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Sensory Under-Responsivity (SUR)** is a lack of or insufficient response to the sensory environment. Individuals appear to be daydreaming or unfocused on the world around them. They may also be uncoordinated and have difficulty with motor skill development.

## Signs & Symptoms

Common under-responsive behavior include:

* As infants: Delayed motor skills, drooling, lack of response to sight and sounds.
* Love spicy and salty foods.
* Unkempt and messy.
* Distant, daydreaming, checked out.
* Overweight.
* High pain tolerance, doesn't notice cuts or bruises.
* Low muscle tone, bad posture.
* Clumsiness.

## References

https://www.spdstar.org/sites/default/files/publications/1.%20March-April%202012%20-%20SUR.pdf

https://sinetwork.org/subtype-1-sensory-modulation-disorder/

https://sensationalbrain.com/fundamentals/sensory-modulation-disorder-education-and-intervention/
Tourette's Syndrome

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Tourette's Syndrome (TS)**, also called **Tourette Syndrome**, is a disorder that involves repetitive movements or unwanted sounds that can't be easily controlled.

## Signs & Symptoms

Tics are the main symptom of Tourette's syndrome. They usually appear in childhood between the ages of two and 14.

Individuals with Tourette's syndrome have a combination of physical and vocal tics.

Examples of physical tics include:

* Blinking.
* Eye rolling.
* Grimacing.
* Shoulder shrugging.
* Jerking of the head or limbs.
* Jumping.
* Twirling.
* Touching objects and others.

Examples of vocal tics include:

* Grunting.
* Throat clearing.
* Whistling.
* Coughing.
* Tongue clicking.
* Animal sounds.
* Saying random words and phrases.
* Repeating a sound, word or phrase.
* Swearing.

Tics are not usually harmful to an individual's health, but physical tics, such as jerking of the head, can be painful.

Tics can be worse on some days than on others.

They may worsen during periods of:

* Stress.
* Anxiety.
* Tiredness.

One must be under 18 to be diagnosed with Tourette syndrome.

## References

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tourette-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20350465

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tourettes-syndrome/

https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/tourette/facts.html

https://www.gosh.nhs.uk/conditions-and-treatments/conditions-we-treat/tourette-syndrome/
Binge Eating Disorder (of Low Frequency and/or Limited Duration)

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Binge Eating Disorder (of Low Frequency and/or Limited Duration)** is when all of the criteria for binge eating disorder are met, except that binge eating occurs, on average, less than once a week and/or for less than three months.

## References

https://www.columbiapsychiatry.org/research-clinics/eating-disorders-clinic/about-eating-disorders/other-specified-feeding
Trichotemnomania

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Trichotemnomania** **(TTM)** is hair-loss due to the cutting or shaving of oneself in relation to an obsessive-compulsive disorder. It may be considered a self-induced form of alopecia. One may cut the hair around their head and/or eyes.

## Signs & Symptoms

Common signs and symptoms may include:

* Shaved or hair-cutting in an irregular manner
* Scaling in the scalp is mainly absent and the individual exhibits a normal density of hair growth
* Low self-esteem
* Self-isolation

Some medical consequences for TTM include:

* Infections
* Permanent alopecia
* Repetitive stress injuries
* Carpel tunnel syndrome
* Gastrointestinal obstructions, if accompanied by trichophagia

## Causes

Trichotemnomania is often triggered by intrusive thoughts and/or stressful life events. Anxiety and depression are also potential triggers in the development of this disorder.

It is usually a genetic disorder that runs in families, but sometimes other obsessive-compulsive disorders, such as body dysmorphic disorder, can lead to the condition. Those with PTSD are more likely to develop this disorder as well.

## References

https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/html/10.2340/00015555-1232

https://www.patientslikeme.com/conditions/trichotemnomania

http://healthncare.info/trichotemnomania/
Psychotic Disorders

UnrealityThe following page includes discussions of unreality, including delusions, hallucinations, derealization, and depersonalization. If you are uncomfortable or get triggered by this topic, it is recommended to not read this page.
**Psychotic Disorders** are conditions in which one has trouble discerning reality and experiences hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, derealization, and similar. This often causes them to have unnatural and unexplainable behaviors, as they are experiencing an unreal state mixed with reality. Those with psychotic disorders may move in odd ways, speak in a chaotic manner or talk to things that aren't actually there, believe something is happening or that someone said something when in reality it never happened, etc.

## Types of Psychotic Disorders

### Brief Psychotic Disorder

Brief Psychotic Disorder is a condition characterized by sudden short-term episodes of delusions, hallucinations, out-of-character behavior, and/or any other psychotic behavior.

### Delusional Disorder

Delusional Disorder is a condition characterized by having strong delusions, often times on a daily basis. These delusions often cause paranoia and can heavily affect one's relationships, behavior, and/or emotional stability.

### Schizoaffective Disorder

Schizoaffective Disorder is a condition characterized by hallucinations, delusions, manic euphoria, and/or manic depression.

### Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a condition characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking/functioning. This often causes extreme difficulty in every day life and can strain relationships, work, school, and health.

### Schizophreniform Disorder

Schizophreniform Disorder is a condition that is the same as schizophrenia; however, it only lasts for 1-6 months instead of a lifetime.

## Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Schizotypal Personality Disorder is often included on lists of psychotic disorders, though it is best described as a personality disorder.

## References

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001529.htm

https://www.webmd.com/schizophrenia/guide/delusional-disorder

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/schizoaffective-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20354504?p=1

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/schizophrenia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354443

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9571-schizophreniform-disorder
Mind Dysphoria

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Mind Dysphoria** is a subset of gender dysphoria. It is a discomfort caused when one feels like their thoughts or emotions are at odds with their gender identity. This can include dysphoria caused by misgendering oneself in one's head. Another example would be self doubt about one's gender, or thought that one will never be "real".

This can include dysphoric thoughts in how one reacts to a situation in a way the feels too much like their assigned gender at birth. An example being AFAB trans individuals feeling dysphoria about crying too easily, exacerbated by one's menstrual cycle.

## References

https://www.britannica.com/science/gender-dysphoria

https://www.lgbtqia.wiki/wiki/Dysphoria
Mirrored-Self Misidentification

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.UnrealityThe following page includes discussions of unreality, including delusions, hallucinations, derealization, and depersonalization. If you are uncomfortable or get triggered by this topic, it is recommended to not read this page.

**Mirrored-Self Misidentification**, also referred to as the **Mirror Sign**, is a delusion characterized by the inability to recognize one's own reflection. It has been described mainly in moderate or severe dementia. In the few cases without global cognitive impairment, right hemispheric and frontal dysfunctions have been described.

## References

Villarejo A, Martin VP, Moreno-Ramos T, Camacho-Salas A, Porta-Etessam J, Bermejo-Pareja F. Mirrored-self misidentification in a patient without dementia: evidence for right hemispheric and bifrontal damage. Neurocase. 2011 Jun;17(3):276-84. doi: 10.1080/13554794.2010.498427. PMID: 20812138.
Kleine-Levin Syndrome

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Kleine-Levin Syndrome (KLS)**, sometimes referred to as **Sleeping Beauty Syndrome**, is a disorder characterized by recurring periods of excessive sleep, excessive food intake, and behavioral changes such as an abnormally uninhibited sex drive. When awake, the individuals may exhibit irritability, lack of energy, and/or lack of emotions. They may also appear disoriented and experience hallucinations. Mainly adolescents are affected, but it can occur in younger children and adults.

## Signs & Symptoms

Symptoms occur as episodes, typically lasing a few days to a few weeks. Onset symptoms associated with this disorder are extremely rapid. Episodes become less frequent with age and may eventually disappear.

During the episodes, one may experience:

* Unrestrained binge eating.
* Hypersexuality.
* Irritability.
* Aggression.
* Feelings of unreality.
* Confusion.
* Hallucinations.

The symptoms subside when the KLS episodes are over, and the individual may return to their usual mood and demeanor. Some may experience continued memory loss.

## Causes

The exact cause of Kleine-Levin syndrome is not known. Researchers believe that in some cases, genetics may be a factor. It is thought that symptoms of Kleine-Levin syndrome may be related to a malfunction of the portion of the brain that helps regulate functions such as sleep, appetite, and body temperature. Some researchers speculate that Kleine-Levin syndrome may be an autoimmune disorder.

Other hypothesized causes include:

* Infection.
* Physical trauma.
* Psychological disturbance.
* Toxins.

## Menstrual-Related Hypersomnia

Menstrual-related hypersomnia is a subtype of KLS. Sleep attacks occur at the same time as the menstrual cycle. It shows up just months before or after the first menstrual period. Episodes tend to lack one week and end very quickly. This subtype is likely caused by a hormonal imbalance.

## References

https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/kleine-levin-syndrome

https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/kleine-levin-syndrome/

https://klsfoundation.org/what-is-kleine-levin-syndrome/

https://www.sleepfoundation.org/kleine-levin-syndrome

https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders/kleine-levin-syndrome/
Atypical Anorexia

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.Body ImageThe following page includes discussions of body image, including starving oneself, binging and purging, exaggerated self-analysis, and body dysphoria. If you are uncomfortable or get triggered by this topic, it is recommended to not read this page.Self-HermThe following page includes discussions of self-harm and suicide. If you are uncomfortable or get triggered by this topic, it is recommended to not read this page.

**Atypical Anorexia Nervosa (A-AN)**, also called simply **Atypical Anorexia**, is an OSFED diagnosis used when an individual meets all of the criteria for anorexia nervosa, except that, despite significant weight loss, the individual's weight is within or above the normal range.

## Signs & Symptoms

Many of the symptoms of atypical anorexia are similar to those of anorexia nervosa.

### Physical

Individuals struggling with atypical anorexia may not appear emaciated, however they are restricting often to the same degree as an individual with anorexia.

* Significant weight loss yet being of a weight within normal limits.
* Yellowing/drying skin.
* Abdominal pain.
* Gastrointestinal issues.
* Reduced immune system.
* Constipation.
* Lethargy and low energy.

### Behavioral

Symptoms to be aware of behaviorally and emotionally include:

* Hyperfocus on body weight, size and shape.
* Low self-worth or distorted body image.
* Intense fear of being overweight or having fat.
* Hyperfocus on food, nutritional content, and/or bodily impact of food.
* Refusing to eat or be seen eating by others.
* Increased emotional dysregulation.
* Difficulty thinking and focusing.

### Consequences of Atypical Anorexia

Many assume that atypical anorexia is less serious because of its "atypical" title. This is not the case, as it comes with the same medical and psychological consequences of anorexia nervosa, such as:

* Damage to vital organs.
* Bone and muscle loss/damage.
* Reduced daily life functioning.
* Cardiovascular complications.
* Increased depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation.
* Death.

## References

https://www.eatingdisorderhope.com/information/atypical-anorexia

https://www.acute.org/conditions/atypical-anorexia-nervosa
Cutlery Personification

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Cutlery Personification** is the personification of objects in the kitchen. Some may take a sequence of objects, such as utensils (knives, forks and spoons), and personify them with human characteristics, appearance and relationships. It can be considered a type of object personification.

## Relationships

https://www.thesynesthesiatree.com/2021/02/cutlery-personification-example-of.html
General Sounds-Vision

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**General Sounds-Vision** is a subtype of auditory-visual synesthesia in which general or ambient sounds can induce visual synesthesia, triggering concurrents such as color, shape, texture, spatial position or movement. The ambient sounds can be a dog barking, a bird singing, a phone ringing, rain, traffic, footsteps, or a door closing.

The visual concurrents are consistent, the same sound evokes the same color or shape for the individual.

## References

https://www.thesynesthesiatree.com/2021/03/general-sounds-vision-colourshape.html
Neurogenic Stuttering

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Neurogenic Stuttering** is a type of fluency disorder in which an individual has difficulty in producing speech in a normal, smooth fashion.

## Signs & Symptoms

Stuttering signs and symptoms may include:

* Difficulty starting a word, phrase or sentence.
* Prolonging a word or sound within a word.
* Repetition of a sound, syllable or word.
* Brief silence for certain syllables or words, or pauses within a word.
* Addition of extra words, such as "um", if difficulty moving to the next word is anticipated.
* Excess tension, tightness, or movement of the face or upper body to produce a word.
* Anxiety about talking.
* Limited ability to effectively communicate.

The speech difficulties may be accompanied by:

* Rapid eye blinks.
* Tremors of the lips or jaw.
* Facial tics.
* Head jerks.
* Clenching fists.

## Causes

A stroke, traumatic brain injury, or other brain disorders can cause speech that is low or has pauses or repeated sounds. This is the cause of neurogenic stuttering.

## References

https://www.stutteringhelp.org/neurogenic-stuttering

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stuttering/symptoms-causes/syc-20353572
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.Self-HermThe following page includes discussions of self-harm and suicide. If you are uncomfortable or get triggered by this topic, it is recommended to not read this page.

**Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)** is similar to premenstrual syndrome, but is more severe. PMDD causes severe irritability, depression or anxiety in the week before or two weeks before an individual's period starts. Symptoms usually go away two or three days after the individual's period starts.

## Signs & Symptoms

* Lasting irritability or anger that may affect other individuals.
* Feelings of sadness or despair, or even thoughts of suicide.
* Feelings of tension or anxiety.
* Panic attacks.
* Mood swings or crying often.
* Lack of interest in daily activities and relationships.
* Trouble thinking or focusing.
* Tiredness or low energy.
* Food cravings or binge eating.
* Trouble sleeping.
* Feeling out of control.
* Physical symptoms, such as cramps, bloating, breast tenderness, headaches and joint or muscle pain.

## Causes

Researchers do not know for sure what causes PMDD or PMS. Hormonal changes throughout the menstrual cycle may play a role. A brain chemical called serotonin may also play a role in PMDD.

## Treatment

Several of the following treatment approaches may help relieve or decrease the severity of PMDD symptoms:

* Changes in diet to increase protein and carbohydrates and decrease sugar, salt, caffeine, and alcohol.
* Regular exercise.
* Stress management.
* Vitamin supplements.
* Anti-inflammatory medicines.
* Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)
* Birth control pills.

## References

1. https://www.womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/premenstrual-syndrome/premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd
2. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd
Tongue Chewing

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Tongue Chewing** is a BFRB that involves an individual compulsively chewing on their own tongue, usually along the sides.

## Causes

The cause of tongue chewing and biting, among with other BFRBs, is not well understood. However, BFRBs are associated with other behavior-related disorders, such as anxiety, impulsive control and OCD.

Tongue chewing may be passed down through families. Jaw and teeth alighment can result in tongue chewing, although when it's a physical issue, it may not be considered a BFRB. Environmental factors can cause tongue chewing to become an addiction.

## References

https://healthmatch.io/ocd/tongue-chewing-ocd

https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/body-focused-repetitive-behaviors/
Lexeme-Color and Morpheme-Color

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Lexeme-Color and Morpheme-Color** are forms of synesthesia that are closely related to grapheme-color synesthesia. With lexeme-color, an individual perceives or associates color with the root of a word. With morpheme-color, an individual perceives or associates color to parts of a word that is joined with the lexeme to add grammatical meaning.

## References

https://www.thesynesthesiatree.com/2021/03/lexeme-colour-and-morpheme-colour.html
Bigorexia

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.Body ImageThe following page includes discussions of body image, including starving oneself, binging and purging, exaggerated self-analysis, and body dysphoria. If you are uncomfortable or get triggered by this topic, it is recommended to not read this page.

**Bigorexia**, also known as **Muscle Dysmorphia**, is a health condition that causes one to think constantly about building muscles on ones body. It is defined in the DSM-5 as a body dysmorphic disorder, but is argued to have more in common with eating disorders, often considered an unspecified eating disorder.

## Signs & Symptoms

* Obsession with appearance, sometimes called mirror checking.
* A fixation on diet and dietary supplements.
* Medication and steroid use related to physical fitness.

Compulsions include spending hours in the gym, spending excessive amounts of money on ineffectual sports supplements, abnormal eating patterns and sometimes substance abuse.

## References

https://www.healthline.com/health/bigorexia

Mosley PE. Bigorexia: bodybuilding and muscle dysmorphia. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2009 May;17(3):191-8. doi: 10.1002/erv.897. PMID: 18759381.

https://www.myedin.org/types-of-eating-disorders
Unspecified Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Unspecified Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder** is when someone has obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but do not meet any criteria for any specific obsessive-compulsive disorder. This category is used when the clinician chooses not to specify the reason criteria are not met, or in situations where there is insufficient information to make a more specific diagnosis.

## References

https://www.mentalhelp.net/anxiety/and-obsessive-compulsive-disorders-new-dsm-5/
Non-classic Sex-Trait Sofrimento

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.Body ImageThe following page includes discussions of body image, including starving oneself, binging and purging, exaggerated self-analysis, and body dysphoria. If you are uncomfortable or get triggered by this topic, it is recommended to not read this page.

**Non-classic Sex-Trait Sofrimento (NCST Sofrimento)**, or **Non-classic Sofrimento**, is an umbrella term to describe an individual who feels disconnect towards one or more of their secondary sex traits. This refers to muscle tone, nipples, adams apple, and body hair.

This term was coined by Cryptocrew, specifically Anamika, on May 9th, 2021.

## MT Dysphoria

MT dysphoria is a feeling of distress stemming from a disconnect between one's internal muscle tone and ones actual muscle-tone, due to their muscle-tone not correctly representing their gender identity.

## MT Dysmorphia

MT dysmorphia is a feeling of distress towards ones muscle tone that comes from a desire for a different type of muscle tone. This has nothing to do with their gender identity. This is considered a subset of body dysmorphic disorder.

## Nipple Dysphoria

Nipple dysphoria is a feeling of distress stemming from a disconnect between one's internal desire of nipples and ones actual nipples, due to their nipples not correctly representing their gender identity.

## Nipple Dysmorphia

Nipple dysmorphia is a feeling of distress towards ones nipples that come from a desire for a different type of nipples, or none at all. This has nothing to do with their gender identity. This is considered a subset of body dysmorphic disorder.

## AA Dysphoria

AA dysphoria is a feeling of distress stemming from a disconnect between one's internal desire of an adams apple and ones actual adams apple, due to their adams apple not correctly representing their gender identitiy.

## AA Dysmorphia

AA dysmorphia is a feeling of distress towards ones adams apple that comes from a desire for a different type or size of adams apples. This has nothing to do with gender identity. This is considered a subset of body dysmorphic disorder.

## BH Dysphoria

BH dysphoria is a feeling of distress between one's internal desire of body hair and ones actual body hair, due to their body hair not correctly representing their gender identity.

## BH Dysmorphia

BH dysmorphia is a feeling of distress towards ones body hair that comes from a desire for a different amount of body hair. This has nothing to do with their gender. This is considered a subset of body dysmorphic disorder.

## References

https://www.lgbtqia.wiki/wiki/NCST\_Sofrimento
Post-Traumatic Amnesia

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.

**Post-Traumatic Amnesia (PTA)** is a type of amnesia that may follow a traumatic brain injury. The individual has no continuous memory of day-to-day events and recent events, but more recently, the definition has been broadened to include a state of disorientation to time, place, and individual.

## Signs & Symptoms

The most obvious symptom of loss of memory for the present time. The individual may recognize family and friends, but be unable to process the fact they have had an injury of some kind.

Other symptoms include:

* Confusion, agitation, distress and anxiety.
* Uncharacteristic behaviors such as violence, aggression, swearing, shouting, disinhibition, etc.
* Inability to recognize familiar individuals.
* Tendency to wander.
* In some cases, individuals may be very quiet and docile.

## References

https://pn.bmj.com/content/22/2/129

https://www.headway.org.uk/about-brain-injury/individuals/effects-of-brain-injury/post-traumatic-amnesia/

https://www.brainline.org/article/post-traumatic-amnesia-after-brain-injury
Gender Dysmorphia

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.Body ImageThe following page includes discussions of body image, including starving oneself, binging and purging, exaggerated self-analysis, and body dysphoria. If you are uncomfortable or get triggered by this topic, it is recommended to not read this page.

**Gender Dysmorphia** is characterized by an obsessive focus on a perceived flaw in one's appearance, specifically regarding the physical attributes that relates to one's gender and/or sex. The term is sometimes used interchangeably with gender dysphoria and the two may overlap greatly, though they do not have to.

## Dysmorphia vs Dysphoria

Gender dysphoria specifically describes distress caused by a disconnect between one's actual gender and the gender they appear as. Dysphoria does not have to be directed at a perceived physical flaw, it can also be caused by non-physical things, such as being misgendered.

Gender dysmorphia is a specific subset of body dysmorphic disorder for when one focuses on parts of their body associated with gender and/or sex.

## References

https://www.lgbtqia.wiki/wiki/Gender\_Dysmorphia
Stockholm Syndrome

DisclaimerThis page is not here to be used as a self-diagnosis, self-identification, or promotion - it's simply here to be informational. Whether or not one self-diagnoses, self-identifies, and/or seeks a professional diagnosis is up to them.AbuseThe following page includes discussions of abuse, including verbal, physical, neglect, sexual (**SA also has its own warning**), etc. If you are uncomfortable or get triggered by this topic, it is recommended to not read this page.

**Stockholm Syndrome** is a psychological response that occurs when hostages or abuse victims bond with their captors or abusers. This connection develops over the course of the captivity or abuse. With this syndrome, hostages or abuse victims may come to sympathize with their captors.

Over the course of time, some victims do develop positive feelings towards their captor. They may even begin to feel as if they share common goals and causes. The victim may begin to develop negative feelings towards anyone who may be trying to help them escape from the dangerous situation they're in.

Despite being well known, Stockholm syndrome is not recognized by the DSM.

### Behind the Name

The name of this syndrome came in 1973, when two men held four individuals hostage for six days after a bank robbery in Stockholm, Sweden. After the hostages were released, they refused to testify against their captors and began raising money for their defense.

## Signs & Symptoms

Stockholm syndrome is recognized by three distinct events.

1. The victim develops positive feelings towards the individual holding them captive or abusing them.
2. The victim develops negative feelings towards anyone who might be trying to help them get away from their captor. They may refuse to cooperate against their captor.
3. The victim begins to perceive their captor's humanity and believe they have the same goals and values.

## Causes

Researchers don't know why some captives develop Stockholm syndrome and others don't.

One theory is that this is a learned technique passed down from ancestors. In early civilization, there was always a risk of being captured or killed by another social group. Bonding with the captors increased the chance of survival. Some evolutionary psychiatrists believe this ancestral technique is a natural human trait.

Another theory is that a captive or abuse situation is highly emotionally charged. Individuals adjust their feelings and start having compassion for their abuser when they're shown some kindness over time. Also, by working with and not fighting against the abuser, victims may secure their safety. When not harmed by their abuser, victims may feel grateful and view their abuser as humane.

## Lima Syndrome

Lima Syndrome is when a captor or abuser forms a positive connection with their victim. When this happens, they may become empathetic or compassionate to the individual's circumstances or condition.

## References

https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/stockholm-syndrome

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22387-stockholm-syndrome

https://www.healthline.com/health/lima-syndrome