recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Hans Müller

**Hans Müller** was an Austrian chess player, theoretician and author of books.

In 1921, he played in Vienna; he tied for 9-10th (Friedrich Sämisch won), tied for 1st-2nd with Gruber, and took 6th (Vladimir Vuković won). In 1922, he tied for 4-5th in Innsbruck (Ernst Grünfeld and Rudolf Spielmann won). In 1923, he tied for 4-6th in Budapest (Endre Steiner won). In 1924, he tied for 8-9th in Györ. In 1925, he tied for 1st-2nd in Debrecen. In 1925, he tied for 5-6th in Vienna. In 1926, he took 7th in Bardejov (Bardiov). The event was won by (Hermanis Matisons and Savielly Tartakower. In 1926, he tied for 7-9th in Trenčianske Teplice (Trentschin-Teplitz, Trencsénteplic). The event was won by Karl Gilg and Borislav Kostić. In 1926, he tied for 5-6th in Hyères (Abraham Baratz won). In 1926, he tied for 8-9th in Vienna (10th Trebitsch-Turnier). The event was won by Spielmann. In 1927, he took 9th in Kecskemét (Alexander Alekhine won). In 1927, he tied for 1st with Albert Becker in Vienna. In 1928, he took 8th in Vienna (Richard Réti won). In 1929/30, he took 3rd in Vienna (13th Trebitsch). The event was won by Hans Kmoch and Spielmann. In 1931, he tied for 7-8th in Vienna (14th Trebitsch; Becker won). In 1932, he tied for 5-7th in Vienna (15th Trebitsch; Becker won).

In 1932, Hans Müller won the European Correspondence Chess Championship (IFSB) ahead of Eduard Dyckhoff. In 1933, he won ahead of Erich Eliskases in Ebensee. In 1933, he tied for 1st with Grünfeld in Vienna (16th Trebitsch). In 1934, he tied for 1st with Gilg in Klosterneuburg. In 1934, he took 3rd, behind Becker and Eliskases, in Linz. In 1934, he tied for 2nd-4th in Vienna (17th Trebitsch; Becker won). In 1935, he took 8th in Tatatovaros (László Szabó won. In 1935, he tied for 3rd-5th in Vienna (18th Trebitsch; Lajos Steiner and Eliskases won). In 1937/38, he tied for 3rd-5th in Vienna (20th Trebitsch; Lajos Steiner won).

Hans Müller played for Austria five times in the Chess Olympiads and once in unofficial at Munich 1936.
Eino Heilimo

**Eino Heilimo** was a Finnish chess player.

Eino Heilimo played for Finland in the Chess Olympiad:

In 1927, at third board in the 1st Chess Olympiad in London.

Eino Heilimo played for Finland in the unofficial Chess Olympiad:

In 1936, at fifth board in the 3rd unofficial Chess Olympiad in Munich.

Due to busy occupation in the main work, he active participated in correspondence chess tournaments. In 1947, Eino Heilimo was the first in Finland who receive the title of master in correspondence chess. In 1952, he was arbiter of the Chess Olympiad in Helsinki. After the founding of the Finnish Correspondence Chess Federation (FCCF), Eino Heilimo was its first chairman (1961 - 1968). In 1967 he became an honorary member of the International Correspondence Chess Federation. In 1947, Eino Heilimo was awarded the silver medal of the Finnish Chess Federation, and in 1967 received the gold medal of the same organization.
Levy Rozman

**Levy Rozman**, known online as **GothamChess**, is a YouTuber, Twitch streamer, chess commentator, and chess International Master.

Rozman was born in Brooklyn, New York on December 5, 1995 and lived in both New York and New Jersey growing up. He began playing chess at the age of 6 as an extracurricular activity and entered his first tournament at the age of 7. Rozman attained the titles of National Master in 2011 through the US Chess Federation, FIDE Master in 2016, and International Master in 2018. Rozman was a scholastic chess coach for ten years. He is now a Full time Chess YouTuber and Twitch Streamer. He is best know for beating every Beth Harmon Bot on YouTube. and he is Married as well.
Karl Gilg

**Karl Gilg** (20 January 1901, in Mankovice was a German chess International Master from Czechoslovakia.

Gilg played for Czechoslovakia in several Chess Olympiads.

In 1927, at second board in 1st Olympiad in London;

In 1928, at first board in 2nd Olympiad in The Hague;

In 1931, at second board in 4th Olympiad in Prague;

In 1936, at fifth board in 3rd unofficial Olympiad in Munich.

In tournaments, he won at Aussig 1923, won at Chabařovice 1924, tied for 1st-2nd at Broumov 1925, took 2nd at Breslau 1925 (B tourn), took 2nd at Dresden 1926 (B tourn), won at Ostrava 1926, tied for 1st-2nd with Borislav Kostić at Trenčianske Teplice 1926, and won, jointly with Heinrich Wagner, at Vienna 1926 (DSV Kongress). He tied for 14–15th at Semmering 1926, though defeating Alexander Alekhine in their individual game (Rudolf Spielmann won). In 1927, he tied for 7–8th in Kecskemét (Alekhine won).

In 1928, he won in Šumperk. In 1929, he took 20th in Karlovy Vary (Carlsbad; Aron Nimzowitsch won). In 1930, he won in Olomouc. In 1930, he tied for 3rd–5th in Štubnianske Teplice (Andor Lilienthal won). In 1933, he tied for 8–9th in Ostrava (Ernst Grünfeld won). In 1934, he tied for 1st-2nd with Hans Müller in Klosterneuburg. In 1934, he took 3rd in Bad Liebwerda (13th DSV Kongress; Salo Flohr won). In 1935, he won in Konstantinsbad (14th DSV Kongress). In 1937, he won in Teplice). In 1937, he took 7th in Prague (Paul Keres won).
Hicham Hamdouchi

**Hichem Hamdouchi** is a Moroccan-French chess grandmaster.

Hamdouchi has won the Moroccan Chess Championship eleven times, first in 1988 at 15 years old, when he was first allowed to play in important tournaments. In the same year, in the tournament of Casablanca, he was noticed for his talent and qualified for the national team of Morocco to participate in the Chess Olympiad of 1988 in Thessaloniki. At the age of 17 he managed to qualify in the African selection for the World Team Chess Championship in Lucerne. Here he made remarkable victories over Jeroen Piket, John Fedorowicz and Ye Jiangchuan.
Karel Hromádka

**Karel Hromádka** was a Czech chess player, two-time Czech champion, 1913 and 1921 (jointly).

Hromádka played in the 1st unofficial Chess Olympiad, Paris 1924, and scored 6.5/8 for first place in the Consolation Cup. In Qualification Group 1 he finished in third place. Hromádka played in the 1st Chess Olympiad, London 1927, and scored +4 =3 -5. Notably, he also had a plus score against Siegbert Tarrasch (+2 -0 =0).

The name **Hromádka Indian Defense** is sometimes given to the chess opening 1.d4 Nf6 2.Nf3 c5 3.d5 d6 4.c4 e5, otherwise known as the Czech Benoni or the Old Benoni.
Evgeny Sveshnikov

**Evgeny Ellinovich Sveshnikov** is a Russian chess player and writer. He was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE in 1987.

Sveshnikov played in his first USSR Chess Championship when he was 17 years old. He was awarded by FIDE the titles International Master in 1975 and Grandmaster in 1977.

In earliest international competition he was a joint winner at Decin 1974, shared first place (with Lev Polugaevsky) at Sochi 1976 and won category 8 tournaments at Le Havre 1977 and Cienfuegos 1979. At Novi Sad in 1979, he shared second prize with Efim Geller behind Florin Gheorghiu. At Wijk aan Zee in 1981, he shared 3rd place and in 1983, was joint champion of Moscow. Sveshnikov won the Latvian Chess Championship in 2003 and 2010. In 2017, Sveshnikov won the 65+ section of the World Senior Chess Championship.
František Treybal

**František Treybal** was a Czech chess master.

In 1907 he won the 2nd Czech Chess Championship in Brno. In 1907 he also won in Berlin, and tied for 5–6th in Prague (Oldřich Duras won). In 1908, he took 20th in Prague (Duras and Carl Schlechter won). In 1909, he took 4th in Prague (Duras won). In 1910, he tied for 1st–2nd with Ladislav Prokeš in Prague. 1913, he won in Berlin and took 2nd, behind Karel Hromádka, in the 5th Czech Championship in Jungbunzlau (Mladá Boleslav).
Michael Adams

**Michael Adams** is an English chess grandmaster. His highest ranking is world No. 4, achieved several times from October 2000 to October 2002. His peak Elo rating is 2761.

He has achieved good results in World Chess Championship tournaments. Several times a World Championship Candidate, he reached the semifinals in 1997, 1999 and 2000. At the 2004 FIDE Championship, he reached the final, narrowly losing out to Rustam Kasimdzhanov in the tie-break games. He is also a seven-time British Chess Champion.
Jacques Mieses

**Jacques Mieses** was a German-born British chess player. He was one of the inaugural recipients of the title International Grandmaster from FIDE in 1950. He became a naturalized British citizen after World War II.

Born Jakob Mieses in Leipzig, Germany in 1865, his early successes as an adult chess player included a tie for second at Leipzig and third at Nuremberg in 1888, however he was quickly eclipsed by two rising young superstars, Emanuel Lasker and Siegbert Tarrasch. Mieses attained maturity as a player in 1895, just after turning 30, when he contested the 9th Chess Congress in Leipzig, followed by an exhibition tour in Russia and then a match with David Janowski. His participation in the great Hastings tournament that year was important to his growth as a mature chess master despite a 20th-place finish.
Vlastimil Hort

**Vlastimil Hort** is a Czechoslovak-born German chess Grandmaster. During the 1960s and 1970s he was one of the world's strongest players and reached the 1977–78 Candidates Tournament for the World Chess Championship, but never qualified for a competition for the actual title.

Hort was born in Kladno, Czechoslovakia and was a citizen of Czechoslovakia for the first part of his chess career. He achieved the Grandmaster title in 1965. He won a number of major international tournaments (Hastings 1967–68, Skopje 1969, etc.) and national championships (1970, 1971, 1972, 1975, and 1977). He gained recognition as one of the strongest non-Soviet players in the world, which led to him representing the "World" team in the great "USSR vs. Rest of the World" match of 1970, where he occupied fourth board and had an undefeated +1 score against the Soviet Grandmaster Lev Polugaevsky—in some respects his greatest result. He defected to the West in 1985, moving to West Germany and winning the national championship of his new homeland in 1987, 1989, and 1991.
Laurent Fressinet

**Laurent Fressinet** is a French chess grandmaster. He is a two-time French Chess Champion.

He won the French Chess Championship in 2010 and 2014. In 2012 he finished second in the European Individual Chess Championship in Plovdiv.

Twice runner-up at the European Blitz Championship, in 2006 and 2007, and French Rapid Chess Champion in 2009 and 2011, Fressinet won the last leg of the French Rapid Grand-Prix in Villandry and finished second in the Grand-Prix Final in Ajaccio in 2012.

In the 2013 Alekhine Memorial tournament, held from 20 April to 1 May, Fressinet finished sixth, with +1−1=7. In May 2014 he won the 22nd Sigeman & Co Chess Tournament in Malmö, Sweden.
Alexey Dreev

**Alexey Sergeyevich Dreev** is a Russian chess player. He was awarded the title Grandmaster by FIDE in 1989.

While being a promising young chess talent, he was for a period coached by the world-class chess trainer Mark Dvoretsky.

Dreev was world under 16 champion in 1983 and 1984, and the European junior champion in 1988. In 1989 he became a grandmaster, won a strong tournament at Moscow (+5 =5 −1) and made his first appearance in the Russian Chess Championship.

In the 1990–1993 world championship cycle he qualified for the Candidates Tournament at Manila 1990 Interzonal, but lost his 1991 round of sixteen match to Viswanathan Anand in Madras (+1 =5 −4). Then in the FIDE World Championship Tournaments, firstly at Groningen 1997, he reached the quarter finals where he lost to Boris Gelfand. In the next four FIDE World Championship tournaments he was knocked out at the last sixteen stage: at Las Vegas 1999 by Michael Adams, at New Delhi 2000 to Veselin Topalov, at Moscow 2001 to Viswanathan Anand, and finally at Tripoli 2004 to Leinier Dominguez.
Lev Polugaevsky

**Lev Abramovich Polugaevsky** was a Soviet chess player. He was awarded the title of International Grandmaster by FIDE in 1962 and was a frequent contender for the World Championship, although he never achieved that title. He was one of the strongest players in the world from the early 1960s until the late 1980s, as well as a distinguished author and opening theorist whose contributions in this field remain important to the present day.

Lev Polugaevsky was born in Mogilev, in the Soviet Union (now Mahilyow, Belarus). Unlike many of his grandmaster colleagues, his development in chess came slowly, and he did not receive the Soviet master title until he was an adult. His progress then accelerated rapidly, however, and by the late 1960s he was one of the world's strongest players, as was recognized by his participation in the famous "USSR vs. Rest of the World" match of 1970. In this match he occupied fourth board, losing one game to Vlastimil Hort and drawing his other three. Polugaevsky won at Mar del Plata in 1962 and 1971. He won or tied in the USSR Chess Championship three times. He played regularly in qualifying events to select a challenger for the world championship, qualifying for the Candidates matches on four occasions. His greatest advancement toward the title came during the 1977 and 1980 cycles, when he defeated Henrique Mecking and former world champion Mikhail Tal, respectively, in quarterfinal Candidates matches, before succumbing both times in the semifinals to the eventual challenger, Viktor Korchnoi.

Polugaevsky played on the Soviet national team in seven Chess Olympiads, in 1966, 1968, 1970, 1978, 1980, 1982 and 1984. His team won the gold medal on each occasion, except in 1978, when USSR finished second to Hungary.
Henrique Mecking

**Henrique Costa Mecking** also known as *Mequinho*, is a Brazilian chess grandmaster who reached his zenith in the 1970s and is still one of the strongest players in Brazil. He was a chess prodigy, drawing comparisons to Bobby Fischer, although he did not achieve the International Grandmaster title until 1972. He won the Interzonals of Petropolis 1973 and Manila 1976. His highest FIDE rating is 2635, achieved in 1977, when he was ranked number four in the world. He is the first Brazilian to become a grandmaster. Despite winning his first national championship at the age of 13, he played in very few tournaments. He won at Vršac in 1971 and finished third with Robert Byrne (after the co-winners Anatoly Karpov and Viktor Korchnoi) at Hastings in 1971–72. In 1975, he twice shared second place behind Ljubomir Ljubojević, firstly at Las Palmas with Ulf Andersson and Mikhail Tal and then at Manila with Lev Polugaevsky, Bent Larsen and Helmut Pfleger.

He was considered a contender for the World Championship in the mid-1970s, however his chess career was interrupted by a serious illness (Myasthenia gravis).

Mecking played for Brazil in the Chess Olympiads of 1968, 1974, 2002 and 2004.
Maurice Censer

**Maurice Censer** was a Belgian chess player.

Maurice Censer was one of Belgium's leading chess players from to the late 1910s to the late 1920s. In 1918, in Scheveningen he shared 3rd - 4th place in International Chess Tournament. In 1927, in Ghent Maurice Censer won 3rd place in Belgian Chess Championship.

Maurice Censer played for Belgium in the Chess Olympiad:

In 1927, at fourth board in the 1st Chess Olympiad in London.
Tal Shaked

**Tal Shaked** is an American chess grandmaster, who is best known for winning the World Junior Championship in 1997.

Shaked learned the game at the age of seven, and developed his chess skills in the scholastic chess organizations of Tucson, Arizona. As a junior, Shaked won several national scholastic championships, including the 1987 National Primary Championship, the 1990 National Elementary Championship, the 1991 National K-8 Championship, the 1992 National K-8 Championship, the 1992 U.S. Cadet (under 16) Championship, and the 1995 U.S. Junior (under 20) Championship; he also won the 1995 National Open. Shaked won the Laura Aspis Prize in 1991 as the number-one rated American chess player under the age of 13, and that same year became the youngest ever winner of the Arizona State Championship.

Shaked's victory at the 1995 US Junior Championship granted him a place in the 1996 U.S. Chess Championship. Although he was by far the youngest and lowest-rated player in the field, he surprised many by his performance, leading the tournament after eight rounds. Later in 1996, Shaked received the Frank Samford fellowship, which allowed him the monetary resources to fully devote his time to chess. Making the most of the opportunity, Shaked obtained three grandmaster norms within five months, officially attaining the title of grandmaster; it would be ten years later until another American-born player would achieve the grandmaster title. Two months after his third norm, Shaked won the 1997 World Junior Championship, defeating top-seed and future super-grandmaster Alexander Morozevich and scoring a total of six wins and seven draws to beat out Morozevich, future FIDE world chess champion Ruslan Ponomariov and others.
Damian Reca

**Damián Miguel Reca** was an Argentine chess master.

He was Argentine Champion in 1921, 1923, 1924, and 1925.

In 1921, he won at Buenos Aires (1st ARG-ch) and won a match for the title against Benito Villegas (5 : 2) in 1921/22. He took 7th at Montevideo (Carrasco) 1921/22 (1st *Torneo Sudamericano*, Roberto Grau won). He tied for 2nd-3rd at Buenos Aires 1922 (2nd ARG-ch, Villegas won). In 1923/24, he won at Buenos Aires (3rd ARG-ch) and won a match for the title against Villegas (5 : 3). In 1924 and 1925, he was declared Argentine champion without official matches (Reca lost a match against Richard Réti 0.5 : 2.5 at Buenos Aires 1924, and won an unofficial match against Julio Lynch 5.5 : 2.5 in 1925).
Siegfried Reginald Wolf

**Siegfried Reginald Wolf** was an Austrian chess master who competed in top European tournaments from the 1890s to the early 1930s.

A native of Prague (until 1918, the capital of the Austro-Hungarian province of Bohemia), Siegfried Reginald Wolf played all of his tournaments in Vienna. He took 8th (Jacques Schwarz won) in 1893; took 10th (Georg Marco won) in 1897; took 2nd, behind Julius Perlis, in 1901; took 6th (Carl Schlechter in 1912; tied for 9-10th (Savielly Tartakower won) in 1923; took 4th (Albert Becker won) in 1924; shared 1st (with Becker) in the 1925 Austrian Championship; took 6th (Rudolf Spielmann won) in 1926; tied for 7-8th (Karl Gilg and Heinrich Wagner won) in 1926; tied for 5-7th (Ernst Grünfeld won) in 1927; took 4th (Hans Müller (chess player) and Becker won) in 1927; tied for 13-14th (Richard Réti won) in 1928, and tied for 12-13th (Hans Kmoch and Spielmann won) in 1929.

Wolf represented Austria in the following Chess Olympiads:

In 1927 at fourth board in the 1st Chess Olympiad in London;

In 1928 at fourth board in the 2nd Chess Olympiad in The Hague;

In 1930 at first reserve board in the 3rd Chess Olympiad in Hamburg.
Vassily Ivanchuk

**Vasyl Mykhaylovych Ivanchuk** also known as **Vassily Ivanchuk**, is a Ukrainian chess player. He was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE in 1988. A leading player since 1988, Ivanchuk has been ranked at No. 2 on the FIDE world rankings three times (July 1991, July 1992, October 2007).

Ivanchuk has won Linares, Wijk aan Zee, Tal Memorial, Gibraltar Masters and M-Tel Masters titles. He has also won the World Blitz Championship in 2007 and the World Rapid Championship in 2016.
Borislav Kostić

**Borislav Kostić** was a Serbian chess grandmaster and a noted popularizer of the game.

Borislav Kostic was born in Vršac, Kingdom of Hungary, then in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. His father Dimitrije was a merchant and his mother was Emilija. He learned the game around the age of ten and made rapid progress while studying Oriental Trade in Budapest. He also spent time in Vienna, the chess capital of the day, and this enabled him to get the high level practice necessary to take his game to the next level.

In 1910 he moved to Cologne and from there, travelled and toured extensively, mainly in the Americas, playing matches against local champions and exhibiting his legendary skills as a player of simultaneous blindfold chess. At New York in 1916, he once played twenty opponents without sight of a board and won nineteen games and drew one, while engaging in polite conversation with opponents and spectators.

Kostic played more formal matches against Frank Marshall, Jackson Showalter, and Paul Leonhardt, and won them all. At Havana in 1919 however, this impressive winning streak came to an abrupt end with a 5–0 loss to Capablanca. Capablanca wrote that his own career peaked with this match. Kostic also played tournaments while in the United States, including New York 1916, Chicago 1918 and New York 1918, where he finished second behind Capablanca.
David Bronstein

**David Ionovich Bronstein** was a Soviet and Russian chess player. Awarded the title of International Grandmaster by FIDE in 1950, he narrowly missed becoming World Chess Champion in 1951. Bronstein was one of the world's strongest players from the mid-1940s into the mid-1970s, and was described by his peers as a creative genius and master of tactics. Also a renowned chess writer, his book *Zurich International Chess Tournament 1953* is widely considered one of the greatest chess books ever written.

David Bronstein was born in Bila Tserkva, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union to Jewish parents. Growing up in a poor family, he learned chess at age six from his grandfather. As a youth in Kyiv, he was trained by the renowned International Master Alexander Konstantinopolsky. He finished second in the Kyiv Championship when he was only 15, and achieved the Soviet Master title at age 16 for his second-place result in the 1940 Ukrainian SSR Chess Championship, behind Isaac Boleslavsky, with whom he became close friends both on and off the chessboard.
Maxime Lagarde

**Maxime Lagarde** is a French chess grandmaster. He won the French Chess Championship in 2019.

Born in 1994, Lagarde earned his international master title in 2011 and his grandmaster title in 2013. He is the No. 9 ranked French player as of March 2018.

Lagarde finished second at the 2018 Reykjavik Open, scoring 7/9 (+6–1=2). He won the French Chess Championship in 2019. He placed joint-first with 6/9 (+4–1=4), and defeated Laurent Fressinet on tiebreak to take the title.

In 2020, Lagarde won the 22nd Trieste Festival.
Samuel Reshevsky

**Samuel Herman Reshevsky** was a Polish chess prodigy and later a leading American chess grandmaster. He was a contender for the World Chess Championship from the mid 1930s to the mid 1960s: he tied for third place in the 1948 World Chess Championship tournament, and tied for second in the 1953 Candidates Tournament. He was an eight-time winner of the US Chess Championship, tying him with Bobby Fischer for the all-time record.
Carl Carls

**Carl Carls** was a German chess master.

In 1922, he took 2nd, behind Erhardt Post, in Bad Oeynhausen (22nd DSB–Congress). He won the 2nd German Championships at Bad Aachen 1934.

He took 7th at The Hague 1928 (Amateur World Championship, Max Euwe won).

Carls represented Germany in Chess Olympiads:

1st Chess Olympiad at London 1927;

3rd Chess Olympiad at Hamburg 1930;

3rd unofficial Chess Olympiad at Munich 1936 (+5 –2 =10).

He won two team bronze medals (1930 and 1936).

During World War II, he tied for 10-12th at Kraków – Warsaw 1941 (2nd GG-ch, Alexander Alekhine and Paul Felix Schmidt won). Carls won, ahead of Klaus Junge, at Rostock 1942. He resigned after 8 games at Prague 1943 (Alekhine won).
Erling Tholfsen

**Erling Tholfsen** was an American chess player, Chess Olympiad team silver medal winner (1928).

In the 1920s Erling Tholfsen was one of the leading American chess players. He three times won New York City Marshall Chess Club Championships (1923, 1924, 1931).

Erling Tholfsen played for United States in the Chess Olympiad:

In 1928, as team captain in the 2nd Chess Olympiad in The Hague and won team silver medal.

Erling Tholfsen retired from chess tournaments after the Great Depression. He worked as a Spanish teacher in the New York City public school system and was very active in the labor movement for many years.
Roberto Grau

**Roberto Gabriel Grau** was an Argentinian chess master. He was born and died in Buenos Aires.

Grau played in many Argentinian championships. In 1921/22, he tied for 3rd–4th (ARG-ch 1 Mayor; Damian Reca won). In 1922, he tied for 2nd–3rd (ARG-ch 2; Benito Villegas won). In 1923/24, he tied for 2nd–4th (ARG-ch 3; Reca won). In 1924, he took 2nd, behind Richard Réti (ARG-ch 4).

In 1926, he won in Buenos Aires (ARG-ch 5) and won a match for the title against Reca (6–2). He was also Argentinian Champion in 1927 and 1928. He won a match against Isaias Pleci (4–0) in 1929, lost matches to Pleci (3–5) in 1930, and Carlos Guimard (2–6) in 1937. Grau won again Argentinian championships in 1934 and a match against Luis Piazzini (7.5–5.5) in 1935 (ARG-ch 13), in 1935 and a match against Jacobo Bolbochán (5–3) in 1936 (ARG-ch 14), in 1938 and a match against Guimard (7.5–5.5) in 1939 (ARG-ch 17).

In tournaments, he won in 1921/22 at Montevideo (1st *Torneo Sudamericano*). In 1923, he won in Buenos Aires. In 1924, he took 2nd, behind Max Euwe, in Paris. In 1925, he tied for 2nd-3rd with Reca, behind Luis Palau, in Montevideo. In 1928, he won in Mar del Plata (1st it). In 1929, he won in Rosario. In 1930, he tied for 2nd-3rd in Buenos Aires (Virgilio Fenoglio won). In 1930, he took 5th in Buenos Aires (Bolbochán won). In 1930, he took 15th in San Remo (Alexander Alekhine won).

In 1934, he took 2nd, behind Aaron Schwartzman, in Mar del Plata. In 1934/35, he took 5th in Buenos Aires (Piazzini won). In 1938, he tied for 5-6th in Montevideo (Carrasco), an event won by Alekhine. In 1939, he took 4th, behind Fenoglio, Guimard and Julio Bolbochán, in Rio de Janeiro. In 1939, he took 7th in Buenos Aires (Miguel Najdorf and Paul Keres won).

Grau played for Argentina in Chess Olympiads.

In 1924, at first board in 1st unofficial Chess Olympiad in Paris;

In 1927, at first board in 1st Chess Olympiad in London;

In 1928, at first reserve board in 2nd Chess Olympiad in The Hague;

In 1935, at first board in 6th Chess Olympiad in Warsaw;

In 1937, at third board in 7th Chess Olympiad in Stockholm;

In 1939, at first board in 8th Chess Olympiad in Buenos Aires.

He was one of the original signatories in the formation of FIDE at Paris 1924 (1st unofficial Chess Olympiad).

He also wrote a four volume series on chess titled "Tratado General de Ajedrez" (General Treatise on Chess), first published in 1940.

The opening line 1. d4 d5 2. c4 Bf5 3. Qb3 e5 is called the Grau gambit.
Milko Bobotsov

**Milko Georgiev Bobotsov** was the first Bulgarian to attain the chess title of Grandmaster, achieving this title in 1961. Prior to gaining the title he won the Bulgarian national championship in 1958. Probably his best result was equal second at the powerful Alekhine Memorial tournament in Moscow in 1967. Other successes included first or shared first places at Varna 1957, Pécs (Asztalos Memorial) 1964 and Sarajevo, Bosna 1971.
Walter Michel

**Walter Michel** was a Swiss chess master.

He took 4th at Berne 1925 (Alexander Alekhine won), won the Swiss Championship at Geneva 1926, took 17th at Semmering 1926 (Rudolf Spielmann won), and took 4th at Le Pont (Paul Johner won).

Michel played for Switzerland in Chess Olympiads:

In 1927 at reserve board in the 1st Chess Olympiad in London;

In 1928 at reserve board in the 2nd Chess Olympiad in The Hague;

In 1931 at reserve board in the 4th Chess Olympiad in Prague;

In 1935 at third board in the 6th Chess Olympiad in Warsaw.
Nicolas Rossolimo

**Nicolas Rossolimo** was a Russian-born chess player. After acquiring Greek citizenship in 1929, he was able to emigrate that year to France, and was many times chess champion of Paris. In 1952 he emigrated to the United States, and won the 1955 U.S. Open Chess Championship. He was awarded the title of International Grandmaster by FIDE in 1953. Rossolimo was a resident of New York City until his death.

The Rossolimo Variation of the Sicilian Defence bears his name.
Placido Soler Bordas

**Placido Soler Bordas** was a Spanish chess player, two-times Catalan Chess Championship winner (1924, 1931).

Placido Soler Bordas was one of the strongest chess players in Spain at the turn of the 1920s and 1930s. He two times won Catalan Chess Championship (1924, 1931). Also Placido Soler Bordas won silver medal in Catalan Chess Championship (1926). He was eleven-time winner of the Catalan Chess Team Championships. Placido Soler Bordas was participant of international chess tournament in Barcelona (1929). He was co-founder and first chairman of the Barcelona Chess Club (1921) and Chess Club *Comtal* (1923). Also Placido Soler Bordas known as a chess journalist, he was founder of chess journal *Els Escacs a Catalunya*.

Placido Soler Bordas played for Spain in the Chess Olympiads:

* In 1927, at fourth board in the 1st Chess Olympiad in London,
* In 1930, at reserve board in the 3rd Chess Olympiad in Hamburg,
* In 1931, at third board in the 4th Chess Olympiad in Prague.
Chess types

#### **Rapid**

Time controls for each player in a game of rapid chess are, according to FIDE, more than 10 minutes, but less than 60 minutes. Rapid chess can be played with or without time increments for each move.

#### **Blitz**

Time controls for each player in a game of blitz chess are, according to FIDE, 10 minutes or less per player. This can be played with or without an increment.

#### **Bullet**

A variant of blitz chess, bullet chess games have less than three minutes per player. Lower time controls are called 'hyperbullet' and 'ultrabullet' for 30-second-per-player and 15-second-per-player games, respectively.

#### **Armageddon**

A variant of blitz chess where Black wins drawn games. This guarantees the game ends decisively, which makes it see usage as a final tie breaker.
Jacob Gemzøe

**Jacob Erhard Wilhjelm Gemzøe** was a Danish chess player, Danish Chess Championship winner (1928).

From the 1920s to the 1940s, Jacob Gemzøe was one of Danish leading chess players. He participated many times in the finals of Danish Chess Championships and in 1928 in Horsens won gold medal. Jacob Gemzøe also shared 1st — 2nd places in the Danish Chess Championship in 1932, but lost the additional match for champions title Erik Andersen.

Jacob Gemzøe played for Denmark in the Chess Olympiads:

In 1928, at third board in the 2nd Chess Olympiad in The Hague,

In 1930, at reserve board in the 3rd Chess Olympiad in Hamburg,

In 1933, at third board in the 5th Chess Olympiad in Folkestone.
Viktor Láznička

**Viktor Láznička** is a Czech chess grandmaster.

After learning the game at age six, he progressed quickly to playing junior tournaments and achieved many prize-winning performances in the national championships across the range of age limits. These included wins in the under-10 category (1997) and the under-12 category (1998 and 1999). He also finished second in the under-18 event in 2001.

At the European Youth Chess Championship, held in Herceg Novi in 2005, he was a bronze-medallist in the under-18 category.

Upon leaving school, he enrolled at the Charles University, Prague, to study Business Administration.
Ernst Grünfeld

**Ernst Franz Grünfeld** was an Austrian chess player and writer, mainly on opening theory. He was among the inaugural recipients of the grandmaster title in 1950.

Grünfeld was born in Josefstadt, Vienna. He lost a leg in his early childhood, which was beset by poverty. However, he discovered chess, studied intensely, and quickly earned a reputation as a skilled player at the local chess club, the Wiener Schach-Klub.

The First World War (1914–1918) seriously affected Grünfeld's chances of playing the best in the world as few tournaments were played during this troubled period. He was reduced to playing correspondence matches and spent much of his spare time studying opening variations. He started a library of chess material which he kept in his small Viennese flat until his death at the age of 68 in 1962.
Gashimov

**Vugar Gashimov** was an Azerbaijani chess grandmaster. He was a noted player of blitz chess. At his peak ranking, he was No. 6 in the world, achieved in November 2009.

He won the Athens 2005 (Acropolis International), and tied for first at the Cappelle-la-Grande open in 2007, he again tied for first and was winning it on tie-break in 2008. He won the strong and traditional invitation tournament at Reggio Emilia in 2010-11 on tie-break above Francisco Vallejo Pons.
Isidore Censer

**Isidore Censer** was a Belgian chess player.

Isidore Censer was one of Belgium's leading chess players in the late 1920s and early 1930s. In 1923, in Brussels he won minor tournament in 1st *La Nation Belge* chess cup. In 1930, Isidore Censer participated in International Chess Tournament in Brussels. In 1931, he won 3rd place in Belgian Chess Championship.

Isidore Censer played for Belgium in the Chess Olympiads:

* In 1927, at second board in the 1st Chess Olympiad in London,
* In 1928, at third board in the 2nd Chess Olympiad in The Hague.
Oskar Naegeli

**Oskar Naegeli**, was a Swiss chess master. He represented Switzerland at the Chess Olympiads in 1927, 1928, 1931 and 1935, as well as at the unofficial Olympiad in 1936 at Munich.

Naegeli won twice Swiss Chess Championship (1910 and 1936). He lost a match to Ossip Bernstein (1 : 3) in 1932, and to Salo Flohr (2 : 4) in 1933. He participated in the strong international tournaments at Berne 1932 and Zurich 1934, both won by Alexander Alekhine. He was the brother of Otto Naegeli and is a great-uncle of Harald Naegeli.
Boris Spassky

**Boris Vasilievich Spassky** is a Russian chess player, who was the tenth World Chess Champion, holding the title from 1969 to 1972. Spassky played three world championship matches: he lost to Tigran Petrosian in 1966; defeated Petrosian in 1969 to become world champion; then lost to Bobby Fischer in a famous match in 1972.

Spassky won the Soviet Chess Championship twice outright (1961, 1973), and twice lost in playoffs (1956, 1963), after tying for first place during the event proper. He was a World Chess Championship candidate on seven occasions (1956, 1965, 1968, 1974, 1977, 1980 and 1985). In addition to his candidates wins in 1965 and 1968, Spassky reached the semi-final stage in 1974 and the final stage in 1977.

Spassky immigrated to France in 1976, becoming a French citizen in 1978. He continued to compete in tournaments but was no longer a major contender for the world title. Spassky lost an unofficial rematch against Fischer in 1992. In 2012, he left France and returned to Russia. As of 2021, Spassky is the oldest living former world champion.
Mikhail Tal

**Mikhail Nekhemyevich Tal** was a Soviet Latvian chess player and the eighth World Chess Champion. Widely regarded as a creative genius and one of the best attacking players of all time, Tal played in a daring, combinatorial style. His play was known above all for improvisation and unpredictability. It has been said that "Every game for him was as inimitable and invaluable as a poem". He was often called "Misha", and he earned the nickname "**The magician from Riga**".
Magnus Carlsen

**Sven Magnus Øen Carlsen** is a Norwegian chess grandmaster who is the current World Chess Champion, World Rapid Chess Champion, and World Blitz Chess Champion. His peak classical rating of 2882 is the highest in history. Carlsen also holds the record for the longest unbeaten run in classical chess.
Larry Evans

**Larry Melvyn Evans** was an American chess grandmaster, author, and journalist. He won or shared the U.S. Chess Championship five times and the U.S. Open Chess Championship four times. He wrote a long-running syndicated chess column and wrote or co-wrote more than twenty books on chess.

He is not to be confused with Larry David Evans (born 1952), another American chessmaster who was active in the 1970s and 1980s and achieved the International Master title.

Evans was born in Manhattan on March 22, 1932, and learned much about the game by playing for ten cents an hour on 42nd Street in New York City,[*citation needed*] quickly becoming a rising star. At age 14, he tied for 4th–5th place in the Marshall Chess Club championship. The next year he won it outright, becoming the youngest Marshall champion at that time. He also finished equal second in the U.S. Junior Championship, which led to an article in the September 1947 issue of Chess Review. At 16, he played in the 1948 U.S. Chess Championship, his first, tying for eighth place at 11½–7½. Evans tied with Arthur Bisguier for first place in the U.S. Junior Chess Championship of 1949. By age 18, he had won a New York State championship as well as a gold medal in the Dubrovnik 1950 Chess Olympiad. In the latter, his 90% score (eight wins and two draws) on sixth board tied with Rabar of Yugoslavia for the best result of the entire Olympiad.
Richard Réti

**Richard Selig Réti** was an Austro-Hungarian, later Czechoslovakian chess player, chess author, and composer of endgame studies.

He was one of the principal proponents of hypermodernism in chess. With the exception of Nimzowitsch's book *My System*, he is considered to be the movement's foremost literary contributor.
Leinier Dominguez

**Leinier Domínguez Pérez** is a Cuban-American chess player. He was awarded the title Grandmaster by FIDE in 2001. A five-time Cuban champion, Domínguez Pérez was world champion in blitz chess in 2008. He competed in the FIDE World Chess Championship in 2002 and 2004, and the FIDE World Cup in 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013 and 2015.

Domínguez Pérez won the Carlos Torre Repetto Memorial in Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico in 2001. He won the Cuban Chess Championship in 2002, 2003, 2006, 2012 and 2016. Also in 2002, he shared first place with Lázaro Bruzón in the North Sea Cup in Esbjerg, Denmark.

During the FIDE World Chess Championship 2004 he reached the quarterfinals, losing to Teimour Radjabov in the tie-break. In the same year, Domínguez Pérez won the Capablanca Memorial for the first time. He won this tournament also in 2008 and 2009.
Jacob Aagaard

**Jacob Aagaard** is a Danish-born Scottish chess grandmaster and the 2007 British Chess Champion. He is Scotland's third highest rated player as of February 2018, with an Elo rating of 2481. In 2004, he took second place in the Scottish Chess Championship. In 2005, he took first place in the Scottish Championship but was not a British citizen, so the title went to Craig Pritchett. In 2012 he won the title, the first time he played and was eligible to win it.
Mateusz Bartel

**Mateusz Bartel** is a Polish chess grandmaster. He won the Polish Chess Championship in 2006, 2010, 2011 and 2012.

Bartel learnt to play the game at the age of 6 from his father when he and his younger brother were at home ill with chickenpox. Both Mateusz and his brother later entered the chess club "Polonia Warsaw".

He won the under-18 European championship in 2003. In 2005 Bartel finished equal first with Zoltan Gyimesi in the inaugural EU Individual Open Chess Championship in Cork.

In 2007, he tied for 1st–6th with Vitali Golod, Zahar Efimenko, Yuri Yakovich, Michael Roiz and Mikhail Kobalia in the 16th Monarch Assurance Isle of Man International tournament, as first on tie-break. In 2009 he came first at Prievidza.

In February 2012, Bartel tied for 1st–3rd with Anton Korobov and Pavel Eljanov in the 11th Aeroflot Open, winning the prestigious event on tie-break. In August 2017, Bartel won the traditional Open (Master Tournament) at the Biel Chess Festival (50th and jubilee edition), on tie-break above Vladimir Baklan.

He played for Czech team "G-Team Nový Bor" that won the 2013 European Chess Club Cup in Rhodes.
Arsène Louviau

**Arsène Louviau** was a Belgian chess player.

Arsène Louviau was one of Belgium's leading chess players from to the late 1910s to the late 1920s. In 1919, in Brussels he participated in National Chess Tournament. In 1921, in Brussels Arsène Louviau participated in 1st Belgian Chess Congress and ranked in 5th place.

Arsène Louviau played for Belgium in the Chess Olympiad:

In 1927, at third board in the 1st Chess Olympiad in London.
Max Romih

**Massimiliano (Massimo) Romi** né **Max Romih** was an Italian chess master.

He played several times in Italian Chess Championship, and tied for 5-6th at Viareggio 1921 (Davide Marotti won), took 2nd, behind Stefano Rosselli del Turco, at Milan 1931, took 3rd at Milan 1934 (Mario Monticelli won), shared 2nd at Florence 1935 (Antonio Sacconi won). After World War II, he shared 16th at Florence 1948, 9th at Venice 1951, 3rd at Trieste 1954, and 2nd at Rovigo 1956. Finally, he tied for 12-15th at Sottomarina 1970, at the age of 77.

He won at Scarborough 1925, took 3rd at Hyères 1926 (Abraham Baratz won), tied for 5-7th at Spa 1926 (Fritz Sämisch and George Alan Thomas won), took 7th at Venice 1929 (Rudolf Pitschak won), took 16th at San Remo 1930 (Alexander Alekhine won), took 4th at Paris 1938 (José Raúl Capablanca won), and took 2nd, behind Esteban Canal, at Reggio Emilia 1947.

Romi played for Italy in unofficial and official Chess Olympiads:

In 1st unofficial Chess Olympiad at Paris 1924;

In 1st Chess Olympiad at London 1927;

In 4th Chess Olympiad at Prague 1931;

In 6th Chess Olympiad at Warsaw 1935;

In 3rd unofficial Chess Olympiad at Munich 1936.
André Thiellement

**André Thiellement** was a French chess master, two times French Chess Championship winner (1962, 1963), Chief Administrator of the Overseas Territories.

André Thiellement learned to play chess at the age of 17. From the 1930s to the 1960s he was one of the leading French chess players. In French Chess Championship André Thiellement won seven medals: 2 gold (1962, 1963), 2 silver (1931, 1952) and 3 bronze (1951, 1955, 1964). In 1952, he won French Team Chess Championship with the team of the Parisian club *Caissa*. In 1968, André Thiellement won silver medal in Paris Chess Championship.
Karl Ruben

**Carl (Karl) Ruben** was a Danish chess master.

He won a match against Johannes Pedersen (1.5–0.5) at Aalborg 1927, tied for 2nd-3rd in Danish Championship at Vordingborg 1927 (Erik Andersen won), shared 2nd at Copenhagen 1927 (*Politiken*, Géza Maróczy won), tied for 5-6th at Copenhagen 1928 (Aron Nimzowitsch won), tied for 7-9th at Svendborg 1930 (DEN-ch, Andersen won), and won a simultan game against Alexander Alekhine at Copenhagen 1930.

Ruben played four times for Denmark in Chess Olympiads in 1927, 1928, 1930, 1931, and won team silver medal at London 1927.
Savielly Tartakower

**Savielly Tartakower** was a Polish and French chess player. He was awarded the title of International Grandmaster in its inaugural year, 1950. Tartakower was also a leading chess journalist and author of the 1920s and 1930s.

In France, Tartakower decided to become a professional chess player. He also started cooperating with various chess magazines, and wrote several books and brochures on chess. The most famous of these, *Die Hypermoderne Schachpartie* (*The Hypermodern Chess Game*) was published in 1924 and has been issued in almost 100 editions since. Tartakower took part in many of the most important chess tournaments of his day. In 1927 and 1928 he won two tournaments in Hastings and shared first place with Aron Nimzowitsch in London. On the latter occasion, he defeated such notable players as Frank Marshall, Milan Vidmar, and Efim Bogoljubov. In 1930 he won the Liège tournament, beating Mir Sultan Khan by two points. Further down the list were, among others, Akiba Rubinstein, Nimzowitsch, and Marshall.

Tartakower won the Polish Chess Championship twice, at Warsaw 1935 and Jurata 1937. In the 1930s he represented Poland in six Chess Olympiads, and France in 1950, winning three individual medals (gold in 1931 and bronze in 1933 and 1935), as well as five team medals (gold in 1930, two silver in 1931 and 1939, and two bronze in 1935 and 1937).
Leonid Stein

**Leonid Zakharovich Stein** was a Soviet chess Grandmaster from Ukraine. He won three USSR Chess Championships in the 1960s (1963, 1965, and 1966), and was among the world's top ten players during that era.

Leonid Stein was born in Kamenets-Podolsky. He was a Jewish Ukrainian who served in the Soviet Army.

In both 1955 and 1956, he tied for first place in the individual Army Championship. He achieved the national Master title for chess at the relatively late age of 24, but, as his Army titles against strong competition attest, he was likely at that strength somewhat earlier. At 24, he competed for the first time in the USSR Chess Championship at Tbilisi, 1959. In the following year he won the Ukrainian Championship at Kiev, winning it again in 1962. He played board one for the Soviet team at the Helsinki 1961 Student Olympiad, scoring a strong +8, =3, −1, and helping his team to the overall gold medals.
Herman Steiner

**Herman Steiner** was a United States chess player, organizer, and columnist. He won the U.S. Chess Championship in 1948 and became International Master in 1950. Even more important than his playing career were his efforts promoting chess in the U.S., particularly on the West Coast. An exemplar of the Romantic School of chess, Steiner was a successor to the American chess tradition of Paul Morphy, Harry Nelson Pillsbury, and Frank Marshall.
Ladislav Prokeš

**Ladislav Prokeš** was one of the most prolific composers of endgame studies in chess. He was born and died in Prague.

Prokeš was joint Czech Champion in 1921 and played for the Czech Olympiad team in 1927, 1928, and 1930. In 1951 he published a collection of studies "Kniha šachových studií". His 1,159 endgame studies, as listed in Harold van der Heijden's database, rank fourth among all composers.
Gilles Andruet

**Gilles Andruet** was a French chess player, an International Master and a former national champion. He was the son of rally driver Jean-Claude Andruet.

Andruet was a member of the French team at the 1982, 1984 and 1988 Chess Olympiad. In 1988 he won the French Chess Championship and reached his peak Elo rating (2450). During the 1989 Championship, Andruet was involved in a violent altercation with Jean-Luc Seret and subsequently withdrew from the tournament despite the fact that he was in the lead after 10 of 14 rounds. He played less regularly after 1991.
František Schubert

**František Schubert** was a Czech chess master.

Before World War I, he took 4th at Pilsen (Plzeň) 1911 (Amos Pokorný and Zářecký won), played at Böhmisch Trübau (Česká Třebová) 1913, and took 7th at Jungbunzlau (Mladá Boleslav) 1913 (Bohemian Championship, Karel Hromádka won).

In 1915, he took 5th in Vienna (the 7th Trebitsch Memorial, Carl Schlechter won). After the war, he won at Prague 1919 (Czechoslovak Chess Championship), took 12th in the Prague City Championship 1921 (won by Hromádka and František Treybal), won at Prague 1925 (the 2nd Kautsky Memorial), shared 6th at Prague 1926 (the 3rd Kautsky Memorial, Jan Schulz, Prokop, and Karel Skalička won), took 9th at Scarborough 1928 (William Winter won), took 14th at Prague 1933 (the 10th Kautsky Memorial, Karel Opočenský won), and tied for 2nd-4th at Prague 1939 (Olympic qual., Jiří Pelikán won). In 1941, he was deported from Prague to Łódź where he was murdered in 1942.
Erik Andersen

**Erik Andersen** was a Danish chess master.

He was twelve-times Danish Champion (1923, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, and 1936). He won the Nordic Championship at Stockholm 1930, defended his title with 3 : 3 against Gideon Ståhlberg in 1934, and lost it by 2,5 : 3,5 against Erik Lundin in 1937.

In tournaments, he took 6th in Copenhagen in 1923 (Aron Nimzowitsch won). In 1924, he took 3rd in Copenhagen (Johannes Giersing and Kinch won), and took 2nd in Randers (Kier won). In 1927, he tied for 4-5th in Copenhagen (Géza Maróczy won). In 1928, he took 4th in Copenhagen (Nimzowitsch won). In 1929, he tied for 5-6th in Göteborg (Nordic-ch; Ståhlberg won). In 1930, he tied for 4-5th in Swinemünde (Friedrich Sämisch won). In 1931, he lost a match by 1,5 : 4,5 to Gösta Stoltz.

In 1933, he tied for 3rd-5th in Copenhagen (Nimzowitsch won). In 1935, he tied for 8-9th in Bad Nauheim (Efim Bogoljubow won). In 1937, he took 13th in Jurata (4th POL-ch; Savielly Tartakower won).

Andersen played for Denmark six-times in official Chess Olympiads and once in 3rd unofficial Chess Olympiad at Munich 1936.