2019 Atlantic Hurricane Season

## Related articles

* 2019 Pacific Hurricane Season

Atlantic hurricane seasons
2016, 2017, 2018, **2019**, 2020, 2021, 2022

The ***2019 Atlantic Hurricane Season*** was a hyperactive Atlantic hurricane season that caused $317.2 billion (2019 USD) in damage, and 5,687 deaths. With the Andrea forming on January 14 and Tanya dissipating on December 14, the season had a early start and late finish.

There were several notable storms in 2019. In September, Hurricane Jerry caused severe damage in Cuba and Lorenzo] caused thousands of fatalities and damage in the United States.

In all, 5,687 people were killed, mostly from Hurricane Lorenzo. Hurricane Lorenzo was also the strongest and costliest, causing $265 billion in damages and having maximum wind speeds of 185 mph (295 km/h). The United States Gulf Coast and Cuba took most of the damage during the season, with all major hurricanes except Hurricane Humberto striking these locations. Most of the activity was concentrated in the Caribbean or Gulf of Mexico, with all three Category 5 hurricanes during the season reach that intensity in that region.

## Seasonal Forecasts

Ahead of and during the season, several national meteorological services and scientific agencies forecast how many named storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes (Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson scale) will form during a season, and/or how many tropical cyclones will affect a particular country. These agencies include the Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) Consortium of the University College London, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),the Olo Storm Meteorological Center (OSMC) and Colorado State University (CSUC). The forecasts include weekly and monthly changes in significant factors that help determine the number of tropical storms, hurricanes,and major hurricanes within a particular year. On average, an Atlantic hurricane season between 1981 and 2010 contained twelve tropical storms, six hurricanes, and two major hurricanes, with an Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) index of between 66 and 103 units.

## Systems

### Tropical Storm Andrea

 Duration
 Peak Intensity

On January 12, a low-frontal system with strong winds had the chance to develop into a depression with an area of warm waters. By the 14th, the system developed into a depression.

12 hours later, the system briefly strengthened into a tropical storm named Andrea. With an area of strong wind shear, the system quickly began to die out. The system, named depression 1, became a remnant low.

On the 17th, the system completely died out in the open Atlantic after causing no deaths or damage. Remnants of the storm caused winds and storms across the United States the following week.

With another early start, the 2019 season, along with the 2018 season, became a line with a few straight seasons with an early start.

### Hurricane Barry

 Duration
 Peak Intensity

*Main Article: Hurricane Barry*

On February 26, a low-pressure system was strengthening just north of Colombia. At 12:00 UTC on February 28, The National Hurricane Center classified the system as tropical depression Two.

Later that day, Two developed into Tropical Storm Barry. Gaining a bit of strength, Barry's outer bands struck Puerto Rico when Barry was at tropical storm status. After encountering a patch o warm waters, Barry intensified into a low-end Category 1.

Puerto Rico was impacted with 75 mph winds. Rains up to 9 inches were recorded and 1 person drowned after he was swept away from a flooded creek. $2 million in damages occurred on the island. Continuing north at 12 mph, Barry was downgraded to a tropical storm on March 3 and became a remnant low on March 4.

The following day, Barry completely dissipated after killing 1 and causing $2 million in property damage.

### Tropical Storm Chantal

 Duration
 Peak Intensity

On May 1, the National Hurricane Center began to monitor a low pressure system with strong wind shear. By the 3rd, the system was classified as tropical depression Three.

By the 4th, Three quickly intensified into Tropical Storm Chantal. With 70 mph winds, Chantal remained over the open Atlantic for 27 hours, before quickly dissipating due to hitting a small stretch of warm waters and high wind shear.

In all, Chantal traveled over 250 miles in the open Atlantic, causing no damage and no fatalities over her 51-hour lifespan.

### Tropical Storm Dorian

 Duration
 Peak Intensity

By the 25th, the National Hurricane Center began monitoring a scatter of lone thunderstorms that had a slim chance of developing into a major storm. Due to low wind shear and it's encounter with a low-pressure system, the thunderstorms developed into tropical depression Four.

16 hours later, Four developed into Tropical Storm Dorian with 40 mph winds. However, the system was expected to die out within 72 hours since the storm was moving into an area of high wind shear.

By the 27th, the storm dissipated in the open Atlantic after causing no damage and no fatalities. It would be nearly another month until Erin, which was a Category 4, would form in the Atlantic.

### Hurricane Erin

 Duration
 Peak Intensity

*Main Article: Hurricane Erin*

On June 20, the National Hurricane Center issued a warning that a system that was going to transition off Africa would have a 60% chance of becoming a storm because of warm waters.

By the 23rd, the system finally moved off Africa and became depression Five. By the 25th, Five became Tropical Storm Erin. Remaining at the same status for 3 days, Erin underwent rapid intensification, becoming a Category 3 hurricane by June 30.

The following day, Erin was upgraded to a Category 4 major hurricane. State of emergencies were declared from Florida all the way to Virginia. After it was evident that Erin would impact the Carolinas, all residents living on the coastline were forced to evacuate.

Early on July 2, Erin made landfall in northern South Carolina. Causing an estimated $17 billion and 160 deaths in the Carolinas, Virginia was impacted at low-end Category 2 strength. Due to flooding and the speed of Erin, another $700 million in damages, along 5 deaths. By the 5th, Erin was classified as a extratropical storm.

On July 9, Erin dissipated in the very northern part of the Atlantic after causing $17.7 billion (2019 USD) in damages and 165 deaths. Due to the economic losses and amount of deaths, *Erin* was retired and replaced with *Evan* for the 2025 Atlantic Hurricane Season. *Erin* will not be used in another Atlantic hurricane again.

### Hurricane Fernand

 Duration
 Peak Intensity

*Main Article: Hurricane Fernand*

On July 14, the National Hurricane Center began to monitor a system that was expected to transform into a depression.

By the 17th, the storm became tropical depression Six. By the 19th, Six became Tropical Storm Fernand. On the following day, the 20th, Fernand became a Category 1 with 90 mph. Gaining more strength, Fernand became a high-end Category 2 with 110 mph winds.

Impacting Cape Verde at peak strength, Fernand caused an estimated $16 million in damages, while also causing 6 deaths.

After exiting Cape Verde, Fernand weakened to a tropical storm due to an area of high wind shear. On the 25th, Fernand became extratropical before dissipating the following day in the open Atlantic after causing an estimated $16 million in damages and 6 deaths.

### Tropical Storm Gabrielle

 Duration
 Peak Intensity

Slowing moving remnants from Fernand combined with a few thunderstorms and created tropical depression Seven. On August 2. The National Hurricane Center gave an advisory 6 hours later, stating the Seven was expected to become Tropical Storm Gabrielle within 12 hours.

4 hours later, Seven became Tropical Storm Gabrielle. Moving along a straight path just north of South America. It was expected Gabrielle to die out fairly quickly due to high winds shear.

By the 4th, Gabrielle became a tropical depression. Gabrielle then became a remnant low on the 5th and then dissipated 6 hours later in the open Atlantic after causing no fatalities and no damage. Like Fernand, slow-moving remnants from Gabrielle helped form Humberto, which would become a Category 3, the first Category 3 of 2019 and the second major hurricane of the year.

### Hurricane Humberto

 Duration
 Peak Intensity

*Main Article: Hurricane Humberto*

On August 21, the National Hurricane Center issued an advisory for a system in the Central Atlantic that was expected to strengthen into a tropical storm. On August 24, the system was upgraded to Tropical Depression Eight. By 4:00 PM EST on the 25th, the depression was upgraded to Subtropical Storm Humberto with 40 mph winds.

By September 3, the tropical storm strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane. On the 5th, Humberto strengthened further, becoming a Category 3 major hurricane east of Bermuda. Making landfall on the 7th in Bermuda, 19 people were killed, along with $65 million (2019 USD) in damages on the island as a tropical storm, the system weakened further, becoming a remnant low the following day.

After slowly tracking in the Atlantic for 3 days, the system dissipated on September 11 after killing 19 and causing $65 million (2019 USD) in damages.

### Hurricane Imelda

 Duration
 Peak Intensity

*Main Article: Hurricane Imelda*
On September 3, the NHC began to monitor a tropical wave that moved off of Senegal. After moving West for several days without formation, the NHC decided there were no chances of it forming. On the 7th, the system abruptly formed, becoming a very slow moving Tropical Depression Nine. The depression became stationary north of Venezuela, causing the depression to not strengthen because of water temperatures. By the 9th, the depression became Subtropical Storm Imelda north of Colombia before becoming a Category 1 hurricane. Cooler ocean waters and wind shear began to disorganize Imelda, before the system weakened to a tropical storm and then into a depression on the 14th. The storm then dissipated the next before crossing over Costa Rica and into the Pacific where the system organized once again before striking Mexico as a extratropical system. In all, no one was killed, but $60 million (2019 USD) in damages occurred, mostly after the system dissipated and struck Central America.

### Hurricane Jerry

 Duration
 Peak Intensity

*Main Article: Hurricane Jerry*

 A tropical wave that organized northwest of Ecuador was expected to become a Pacific major hurricane, but instead tracked into the Atlantic due to a powerful ridge that was stationary to the north of the tropical wave. After moving into the Atlantic basin, the wave became a tropical depression to the southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and the Yucatán Peninsula. The depression rapidly strengthened into a Category 1 Hurricane Jerry as the hurricane approached an area of warm water and very low winds shear. On Jerry's south-southwest approach of Cuba, his intensity was upped to 105-Category 2 winds. After striking Cuba and causing 14 deaths along with $1.2 billion in damages, Jerry approached Florida as a high-end Category 2, with 110 mph winds. Florida governor Ron DeSantis declared a state of emergency as Jerry was expected to strengthen into a Category 3 major hurricane. Jerry rapidly strengthened, becoming a Category 4 hurricane. Jerry made landfall around 2 AM on September 20 north of Estero, Florida at peak strength, which was 150 mph and a pressure reading of 930 mbar. Jerry caused up to 26 inches of rain and hundreds of homes were damaged or destroyed.

Jerry began to weaken, but remained as a low-end Category 4 hurricane. During the evening of the 21st, Jerry turned north, weakening to a low-end Category 2 hurricane east of Orlando, Jerry then turned east, weakening even further to a tropical storm, moving east-northeast, Jerry weakened further due to unfavorable conditions into a tropical depression. For the next 2 weeks, Jerry moved north-northeast, causing rain in Newfoundland and even rain in southern Greenland and southern Iceland. After turning and looping multiple times, Jerry's remnants dissipated on October 8 after killing 44 and causing $29.2 billion (2019 USD) in damages. 30 of the deaths occurred in Florida and $28 billion in damages, Due to economic losses and the deaths Jerry caused, *Jerry* was retired and replaced with *John* for the 2025 Atlantic Hurricane Season.

### Tropical Storm Karen

 Duration
 Peak Intensity

The NHC began to monitor a tropical wave that moved off of Ghana. It was expected to take a quite a few days to organize since the system was massively small. While to the west of the the Caribbean, the system turned northeast and was classified as Tropical Depression Eleven. The system moved northeast and remained a depression until September 19, when the depression became Tropical Storm Karen. After 12 hours, Karen became disorganized because of wind shear and weakened into a depression. Less than an hour later, the depression became an extratropical cyclone. The NHC believed that Karen's remnants were going to dissipate within 24 hours. The extratropical cyclone then became a remnant low 6 hours later and fully dissipated at 10:00 PM on the 20th. In all, no deaths or damage occurred from Karen.

### Hurricane Lorenzo

 Duration
 Peak Intensity

*Main Article: Hurricane Lorenzo*

 On September 9, the NHC began to monitor a system that developed north of Venezuela. After it was forecasted to push into the Pacific and become a hurricane, the system turned north and began to organize over the week after monitoring began. Recon showed depression-like winds and the system was classified as Tropical Depression Twelve. Organization was limited as mild conditions prevented organization.

Rapid intensification occurred, with the depression quickly strengthening into a Category 2 Hurricane Lorenzo, with 105 mph winds and a pressure reading of 962 mbar. Hurricane warning were issued for much of the Western Caribbean, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Haiti. Lorenzo continued strengthening, becoming a Category 3 major hurricane when Lorenzo made landfall in Jamaica. After causing 24 deaths and $2 billion in damage in Jamaica, Lorenzo continued to strengthen, reaching Category 4 major hurricane status on it's southeast Cuba approach. Right before landfall, recon recorded 150 mph winds and a pressure reading of 918 mbar. While Lorenzo was believed to hit southeast central Cuba, Lorenzo made a sharp right turn, striking the very east corner of Cuba. 43 were killed in Cuba, and $18 billion in damage. Lorenzo reached Category 5 strength as Lorenzo struck the western coast of the West Indies.

Recon supported 160 mph winds and a pressure reading of 914 mbar. Lorenzo then made a Category 5 landfall in the Southern Bahamas, causing severe damage. 2 deaths and $1 billion in damage occurred in the West Indies, and 102 were killed in The Bahamas, along with $10 billion in damage. Lorenzo slightly strengthened, having a new pressure reading of 911 mbar. A slight and brief Category 5 landfall occurred in the Florida Keys, making Lorenzo the first Atlantic hurricane to make a Category 5 landfall in the Mainland United States since Sigma of 2018, even though Sigma made landfall in January 2019. 3 were killed and $1 billion in damage occurred in the Florida Keys.

Lorenzo once again began intensification, reaching a new wind speed of 175 mph and a pressure reading of 904 mbar. Lorenzo then began to weaken due to an eyewall replacement cycle. After weakening to a high-end Category 4 hurricane with 155 mph winds and a pressure reading of 917 mbar, Lorenzo began to restrengthen, strengthening back to 175 mph and a lower pressure reading of 900 mbar. After reaching a new strength, Lorenzo continued to strengthen, becoming a 180 mph, 894 mbar Category 5 hurricane. A hurricane warning was issued for Northeastern Mexico, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and the Florida Panhandle, along with a hurricane watch for the west coast of Florida.

Lorenzo then began to weaken, as yet another eyewall replacement cycle occurred nearly an hour before landfall in Louisiana. Like Katrina, but worse, Lorenzo made a major hurricane landfall near New Orleans at 175 mph, 898 mbar pressure reading. Due to high winds, storm surge, heavy rainfall, and flooding, many levees failed in and near New Orleans failed, causing tons of water to pour into the suburbs and Downtown New Orleans from Lake Pontchartrain. The Lake Pontchartrain Causeway was destroyed, killing hundreds who were on the Causeway. Flooding up to 35 feet occurred, with the Mercedes Benz Superdome and the Smoothie King Center both facing major flooding. Severe beach erosion occurred in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama.

At least 2,038 people were confirmed killed in Lorenzo's Gulf Coast landfall, causing an estimated $80 billion in damage. Lorenzo drastically weakened after landfall, weakening to a 110 Category 2 hurricane with a pressure reading of 940 mbar. Weakening continued to occur, with Lorenzo becoming a high-end Tropical Storm, northeast of New Orleans. A turn southeast then began to occur, with another sequence in the Gulf expected. Lorenzo caused rainfall and tropical storm-force winds in the Gulf Coast states, before emerging in the Gulf as a 40 mph tropical storm with a pressure reading of 999 mbar. Tracking south to east, Lorenzo began to strengthen quickly, becoming a 100 mph Category 2 hurricane with a pressure reading of 965 mbar. Perfect conditions for strengthening caused more rapid intensification, with recon confirming Lorenzo once again reached Category 5 strength, with 165 mph winds and a pressure reading of 934 mbar. Lorenzo entered one of the warmest areas of the Gulf of Mexico, where more strengthening occurred, where Lorenzo reached peak intensity, a Category 5 hurricane with 185 mph winds and a pressure reading of 884 mbar.

Lorenzo made a peak strength, Category 5 landfall near Everglades City. At least 14 people were killed in Everglades City, with thousands of alligators feared dead after much of the Everglades suffered major damage, mostly from heavy rain, storm surge, and strong winds. Miami saw effects similar to Isaac, which was similar in strength to Lorenzo in September 2018. At least 738 people were killed in Florida, along with another $60 billion in damages.The Northern Bahamas suffered severe wind damage and severe storm surge. Another 34 were killed in The Northern Bahamas, along with $8 billion in damage. Lorenzo sustained it's Category 5 strength as hurricane warnings were issued for the east coast of Florida, along with Georgia and the Carolinas, along with a hurricane watch for Virginia. Lorenzo reached 185 mph winds once again, reaching a pressure reading as low as 888 mbar.

Lorenzo made 3 separate Category 5 landfalls in Georgia and The Carolinas. Severe storm surge and beach erosion occurred as Lorenzo began to weaken. As many as 1,993 were killed, along with $80 billion in damage on the East Coast of Florida. On October 6, Lorenzo fell under Category 5 strength for the final time, where, after the first advisory without being a Category 5 since September 27. Winds sustained at 145 mph and a pressure reading of 921 mbar. Drastic weakening then ensued, with one-minute sustained winds at 85 mph and a pressure reading of 982 mbar, the equivalent of a mid-range Category 1 hurricane. More severe inland flooding occurred, with up to $4.8 billion in damage and 38 deaths occurring before Lorenzo weakened into a tropical depression on October 8. In Northeastern Canada, up to $200 million and 3 deaths occurred, mostly from severe rainfall. Lorenzo tracked northeast at up to 60 mph, one of the fastest ever. Depression-like winds were recorded in southern Greenland and Iceland.

Lorenzo's remnants fully dissipated about 200 miles southeast of Iceland and about 80 miles northwest of the Faroe Islands on October 12 after killing 4,984 and $265 billion (2019 USD) in damages. *Lorenzo*was retired and replaced with *Luke*for the 2025 Atlantic Hurricane Season after all of the damage and death *Lorenzo* caused. *Lorenzo* will not be used in another Atlantic hurricane again.

### Hurricane Melissa

 Duration
 Peak Intensity

*Main Article: Hurricane Melissa*

The NHC began to monitor an area of disturbed weather northeast of Colombia on September 17. As the system of disturbed weather moved south-southwest, it was classified as a tropical depression just northwest of Colombia on September 20. Intensification was limited as the depression was unstable. Favorable conditions allowed the depression to intensity rapidly, becoming a mid-range Category 2 hurricane with 105 mph winds and a pressure reading of 972 mbar on September. The hurricane was named Melissa.

By the 26th, a landfall of Haiti was expected and rapid weakening was expected due to Haiti's terrain and severe wind shear immediately north of Haiti . Melissa made landfall on Haiti on the 26th and weakened rapidly into a depression less than 8 hours later. In all, 58 deaths occurred, along with $60 million (2019 USD) in damages occurred from Melissa. As forecasted, Melissa rapidly weakened into a remnant low on the September 27 as severe wind shear made Melissa unstable. The following day, the 28th, Melissa dissipated after killing 58 and causing $60 million (2019 USD) in damages, all in Haiti.

### Hurricane Nestor

 Duration
 Peak Intensity

*Main Article: Hurricane Nestor*

The NHS began to monitor a tropical wave north of Colombia. The system gradually began to strengthen and became a depression on September 23 east of Belize. Development was slow, before Nestor made landfall in Cuba as a 60 mph tropical storm. Stalling from Nestor caused strong storm surge and torrential rainfall, causing 249 deaths and $800 million (2019 USD) in damages.

Nestor then encountered very favorable conditions for development, and Nestor strengthened into a high-end Category 4 hurricane with 155 mph winds. However, after reanalysis, Nestor was upgraded to a Category 5 hurricane, packing 180 mph winds and a pressure reading of 895. Due to recon not flying into Nestor's peak area, the winds were never recorded, but, a once flagged reading of 182 mph and a pressure reading of 895. However, it was determined that the reading was accurate and Nestor was upgraded to a Category 5. Due to cold ocean waters from Lorenzo and severe wind shear. Nestor weakened drastically and became a remnant low on October 6.

Nestor completely dissipated on October 8 after killing 249 and causing $800 million (2019 USD) in damages. *Nestor*was retired and replaced with *Noah*for the 2025 Atlantic Hurricane Season after all of the damage and death *Nestor* caused. *Nestor* will not be used in another Atlantic hurricane again.

### Tropical Storm Olga

 Duration
 Peak Intensity

The NHC began to monitor an area of disturbed weather northwest of Cape Verde. The area of disturbed weather achieved tropical depression status of September 27. Later that day, intensification quickly occurred, and the depression became a high-end Tropical Storm Olga.
Soon after peak strength, cooler ocean temperatures and severe wind shear disorganized Olga and Olga then weakened into a extratropical cyclone. Olga then completely dissipated on September 29 after causing no deaths or damage.

### Tropical Storm Pablo

 Duration
 Peak Intensity

A low pressure system collided with remnants from Olga and formed a slow moving Tropical Storm Pablo west of the Azores. While classified as a subtropical storm, Pablo was able to become fully tropical in unfavorable conditions.
After being a tropical storm for 4 days, Pablo weakened into a extratropical cyclone on October 6. Pablo then dissipated later that day after killing none and causing no damage.

### Hurricane Quentin

 Duration
 Peak Intensity

*Main Article: Hurricane Quentin*

The NHC began to monitor a tropical wave that began to develop north of Colombia on October 5. On October 7, the wave developed into a tropical depression. Favorable conditions allowed quick development, and the depression became Tropical Storm Quentin on October 9.

Soon after becoming a tropical storm, Quentin underwent rapid intensification, becoming a mid-range Category 2 hurricane. Quentin made landfall on Dominica on October 14 as a low-end Category 2. 2 deaths and $10 million (2019 USD) in damages occurred. Quentin then became extratropical on October 15 due to land interaction and severe wind shear north of Dominica.

Quentin fully dissipated on October 17 after causing 2 deaths and $10 million (2019 USD) in damages.

### Hurricane Rebecca

 Duration
 Peak Intensity

*Main Article: Hurricane Rebecca*

On October 8, the NHC began to develop a tropical wav east of Belize. While development was limited over the next 72 hours, more favorable conditions allowed the wave to form into Tropical Depression Eighteen on October 12. More development occurred, and Eighteen strengthened into Tropical Storm Rebecca. Rebecca then weakened back into Eighteen due to dry air on the 15th.

After the air became more moist, Eighteen strengthened back into Tropical Storm Rebecca. Favorable conditions allowed rapid intensification, and Rebecca became a Category 2 hurricane on October 20 with 105 mph winds and a pressure reading of 973 mbar.

Rebecca then became a Category 3 major hurricane and then weakened hours later due to an eyewall replacement cycle. Rebecca then strengthened again after an eyewall replacement cycle was complete. Rebecca was classified as a Category 4 hurricane with 140 mph winds and a pressure reading of 947 mbar. Rebecca underwent a period of quick intensification, becoming a high-end Category 4 hurricane with a pressure reading of 932 mbar on October 26. Southeast of Texas, Rebecca became a Category 5 hurricane with 160 mph winds and a pressure reading of 929 mbar. Brief weakening occurred due to an eyewall replacement cycle, but re-intensified quickly after weakening and back to Category 5 status.

On October 27, Rebecca made a Category 5 hurricane landfall southeast of San Antonio. Once inland, Rebecca began to rapidly weaken. Flash flooding killed 97 people and caused $5.3 billion (2019 USD) in damages. Rebecca became a remnant low on October 29 right after crossing into New Mexico. On October 31, Rebecca dissipated after killing 97 and causing $5.3 billion (2019 USD) in damages. *Rebecca*was retired and replaced with *Rosa*for the 2025 Atlantic Hurricane Season after all of the damage and death *Rebecca*caused. *Rebecca*will not be used in another Atlantic hurricane again.

### Hurricane Sebastien

 Duration
 Peak Intensity

*Main Article: Hurricane Sebastien*

On November 3, the NHC began to monitor an area of disorganized showers moving east from Nicaragua given an 80% chance of development within 5 days. Advisories on Tropical Depression Nineteen began on November 6 with the forecast predicting a Major Hurricane Sebastien. As water temperatures were over 80 degrees north of Colombia, rapid intensification transpired and in it's second advisory, Nineteen became Hurricane Sebastien, packing 75 mph winds and a minimum pressure of 994 millibars. An area of dry air weakened Sebastien over the next few hours and weakened Sebastien to a tropical storm. Dry air subsided and rapid intensification strengthened Sebastien into a Category 3 major hurricane, packing 115 mph winds and a minimum pressure of 966 millibars.

Preparations began in Puerto Rico and the Lesser Antilles for Sebastien and US President Donald Trump provided Puerto Rico with federal resources after landfalls made by Hurricane Maria in 2017 and Hurricanes Florence, Sara, William, Zachary, and Pi in 2018. Sebastien made landfall in Puerto Rico on November 9 and caused an estimated $100 million in damage and 35 related deaths. Sebastien remained a major hurricane as he tracked northeast of Puerto Rico. Increased wind shear, dry air, and cooler waters weakened Sebastien to a Category 1 hurricane. Sebastien stayed at this intensity for multiple hours before weakening to a tropical storm southeast of Bermuda. Sebastien continued to stay at tropical storm strength, until weakening on November 15. Tropical Depression Sebastien dissipated on November 19. A total of 35 people died from Sebastien and $100 million in financial losses transpired. President Trump toured areas in Puerto Rico severely affected by Sebastien.

### Hurricane Tanya

 Duration
 Peak Intensity

*Main Article: Hurricane Tanya*
The National Hurricane Center began to monitor a cluster of storms west of the Lesser Antilles. Advisories on Tropical Depression Twenty began on December 8. On December 10, Twenty rapidly intensified from a near tropical storm to Category 1 hurricane Tanya, packing 80 mph winds and a minimum pressure of 985 millibars. Strengthening further, Tanya reached peak strength near its Belize landfall on December 12 as a Category 2 storm packing 100 mph winds and a minimum pressure of 975 millibars. Tanya's pressure began to rise as unfavorable conditions weakened Tanya. Tanya made landfall in Belize on December 13 as a weak tropical storm and became extratropical hours later. Remnants of Tanya dissipated the following day over Central America after killing 27 and causing $200 million in damage.

## Storm Names

The following list of names will be used for named storms that form in the North Atlantic in 2019. The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2025 season. This is the same list used in the 2013 season, with the exception of the name Imelda, which replaced Ingrid.

* Barry
* Chantal
* Dorian
* Erin
* Fernand
* Gabrielle
* Imelda
* Jerry
* Karen
* Lorenzo
* Melissa
* Nestor
* Pablo
* Quentin
* Rebecca
* Sebastien
* Tanya
* Ura *(unused)*
* Wendy *(unused)*
* Xander *(unused)*
* Yolanda *(unused)*
* Zeke *(unused)*

### Retirement

On April 15, 2020, at the 41st session of the RA IV hurricane committee, the World Meteorological Organization retired the names *Erin, Jerry, Lorenzo, Nestor, and Rebecca*from its rotating name lists due to the amount of deaths and damage they caused, and they will not be used again for another Atlantic hurricane. They were replaced with *Evan, John, Luke, Noah, and Rosa* for the 2025 season. With five names retired, the 2019 season tied the 2005 season for the second most retired names in one season, behind the 2018 season.

## Season Effects

This is a table of all of the storms that have formed during the 2019 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their names, duration, peak strength, areas affected, damage, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 2019 USD.