Makkadalish glossary

This is a list of words in **Makkadalish** (**Lota Makkadalanda**), the official language of the Kingdom of Makkadal to the south of Bujan.

## Language

Makkadalish has two forms: an abugida for formal and ceremonial use, and an alphabet for everyday use.

modern order: a, æ, e, i, o, ö, u, y; dž, d, m, k, l, j, s, v, r, ñ, w, g, h, č, p, t, z, b, n, ts, '; ai, ao, au, ei, eu, ia, oi, öi, ua, ui; f, š, dz, kh, ž, šč, ǐ, tǐ.

The last eight letters of modern Makkadalish are for foreign words and names: f, š, dz, kh, ž, šč, ǐ, tǐ. The first four were earlier, and the last four were for Slavic languages, like Bujanid and Ngorondelian Ljetoslouna.

### Abugida

Makkadalish has separate letters for ai, ao, au, ei, eu, ia, oi, öi, ua, and ui. If two vowels for these diphthongs are together, they are written as these letters.

All other diphthongs are written as separate vowels.

Some diacritics are for nasals that come before consonants. For example, one nasal is n- before d, t; another is for ñ- before g, I.

## Dialects

Ngorondel and Arienai, islands further in the north, have distinctive dialects of Makkadalish.

### Ngorondel dialect

Ngorondelish has a number of Slavic loanwords picked up from a recently-formed community of Slavs, now part of the West Ljetoi dialect of the Ljetoslouna Slavs.

* da, data, tjaa - yes
* loto - a tree
* ni, njet - no

### Arienavian dialect

See also: Arienavian glossary

Arienai's dialect is influenced by frequent trade with Resovjant just across the strait, the Tuulun locals, and the Slavs.

Because of its autonomy and diversion from Makkadalish culture, the Arienavians called for making their dialect into a separate language. Olan and Nojenso Province are the only provinces in Bujan that also recognise Arienavian as a separate language.

## Prepositions

### Location

* roon - inside
* koroon, korun - into
* glēn - outside
* koljēn - out towards
* tolip - across

## Glossary

* aju - dark
* aka - big fruit
* aku - fruit
* -and, -roand - land of
* -anda - (demonym)
	+ after a vowel, becomes -randa.
	+ after -nd or -nt, becomes -a.
* -au - (plural)
	+ after a vowel, becomes -rau.
* batal, bjetsal - marble
* Bujena - Bujan, Bujanski Slav
* dal - a gift
* daluan - music
* do, dolo, dodon, dadon - (D, 廚, do) a wardrobe, a large box, a chest
* droh(un) - tower
* dunol, doinol, doi, dojon - wall
* džā - great
* Džāmjari - "great morning", New Year, New Year's Day
* džārauda - emperor
* Džāsove Makkadal! - Glory to Makkadal!
	+ A patriotic slogan, often associated with Makkadalish soldiers coming to support revolutionaries in Bujan, and going together with them to defeat the Wannaenid rulers.
* Džāvrijetsom - "great midnight", New Year's Eve
* džultara - faith
* gattænæ - electric
* gattia - lightning
* Gaunir - Konjors, alien invaders from millennia ago
* glēn - outside
* -gloma - to sleep
* golap - sleep, rest
* gumesi, gumesa - (Pinogunian: 雲石, kumisi, "cloud stone") marble, a marble sculpture
* haan - great city
* Hirevand - Hiriwa (modern)
* hjari - morning
* hjod - (D: 馬, mraa) horse
* hjune - flag
* ianda - rain
* io - good
* irou, irumol - jade
* Irovand - Irajon
* iruo - jade
* jam-, jom- - not, un-
* jetral, jedal - archery bow
* Jomlap, Jomglapau - the Sleepless, Konjor automatons nowadays used as guards
* kamronai - mountain range
* kapjavon - a defense system made of towers or turrets, an array of towers
* karana - loyalty, faithfulness, honour, trust
* Karudlanda, Karalanna, Karalan - Slavs, "the loyal ones"
	+ Related to "Kagaruro", an old Eosome name for the Bujanski Slavs, also meaning "loyal ones".
* koljēn - outwards
* koroon, korun - into
* latū - tree, wood (Northern, Slavic, Arienai, Bujanski dialect)
* lesa - cat
* Leitoslau - Ljetoslouna Slavs
	+ Related to the modern Bujanski Slavs further north.
* lota - language
* Lota Bujenanda - Bujanski language
* Lots Karudlana - Bujanski language, Old Bujanid language, the language of the Bujanski Slavs during Koschei's time.
* Lota Makkadalanda - Makkadalish language
* Lota Rīsovanda - Eosome language
* loto - a tree (Slavic dialect, West Ljetoi Slavic/Ngorondelski Slavic)
* lotū, lotuo - tree
* lotumo - wood
* mačrondri - a mediator, a sort of doctor or judge in ancient Makkadal
	+ Mačondri worked as judges for disputes, advisors, and doctors. Many of them were intersex people, because in ancient Makkadal, they were believed to represent the balance of the universe. It also led to them being raised as astrologers, priests, and soothsayers.
	+ The mačondri used to wear dark blue robes with constellations sewn.
* makka - splendid
* Makkadal - Kingdom of Makkadal
* mal - hill
* matol, massol - quiver
* meva, mjeva - cat
* mjevokka - cat lantern
	+ The festive lanterns with the faces of cats, a local tradition in Arienai's merchant ports.
* moilsa - wind
* na- - doer
	+ Used before e
* na'uñ - banyan tree
* ne- - doer
	+ Used before all vowels and consonants.
* nesöida - a merchant
* Nirona - "Man of Bronze", Daizhouvian
* Nironand - "Land of Bronze", Daizhou
* niröd - bronze
* ñadrau - chariot
* ñaila - across
* ñalin - bridge
* ñoñra, ñokora - thunder
* ñoroi - flower
* ojol - arrow
* paon, pajon - (D, 炮, pau) a cannon
* pjavon - (D, 炮, pau) a cannon, a cannon tower, a turret
* -pjön - to fly
* Rasumotand - ancient Hiriwa's kingdoms
* -(r)au - (plural)
	+ After a consonant is -au, after a vowel becomes -rau.
	+ After au, turns -au into -arau.
* rauta - a king
* Rīsovand - Bujan
* roon - inside
* rōtua - sea, ocean
* saburi - (Pinogunian: saburabi) a knight, royal guard
* sabursu - a guard
* seje - river
* sjoh - black
* -soi - to give
* soih - dark, dim
* -soin - to give
* -söin - to trade
* söinda - a big market, market town, merchant port
* söinta - trade, commerce
* -(s)u, -(t)u - (diminutive), small
* suañöt(a) - a market
* Suve - blessed
* Suve Džāmjari - Happy New Year
* sutjap - wing of a bird
* syōñöd, sōñjat - market port, harbour, station of a route
* tanja - willow tree
* tawora - country
* tjelun - rope
* tjesalin, tjesul - gender, basic form
* tol, tolun - a bridge
* tōla - the sun
* tolaja - straight
* tolei - edge
* tolid - line, streak
* tsōnla - snow
* vē - love, compassion, kindness, mercy
* vjo - five
* Vjoköiralau, Vjoköiral - the Five Realms
* vrīti, vrītsa - midnight
* vrītsom - one day (measurement, duration, 24 hours)
* vrītsuma - night holiday, eve of a holiday
* vronoi, vronei - mountain
* waona - cloud
* zoneda, doneta - rainbow

## Numbers

* jačol - zero
* tol - one
* moi - two
* mitsal - three
* noral - four
* vjo - five
* čotjan - six
* mittan - seven
* mojal - eight
* tal - nine
* vant - ten
* očoro - hundred
* mjora - thousand
* mičaol - 10000
* hatou - 100k
* vitsri - million

## Trivia

* The Pinogunian words in Makkadalish were inspired by the fictional country of Luggnagg located near Japan in Gulliver's Travels.
* Reconstructed archaic pronunciations of Chinese words were used for Daizhouvian loanwords in Makkadalish. It was primarily influenced by Japanese relations with the Tang Dynasty.

## Pronunciation

* dž - [d͡ʒ~ʒ]
	+ [ɟ~ʑ] in regal pronunciation
	+ [z] in rapid or casual pronunciation
* j - [j]
* ñ, ng - [ŋ]
* o - [o]
	+ [u] when stressed in some words, after [z]
* on - [on]
	+ [-ɔn] at the end of a word
* ö - [ø], [ɐ]
* öi - [øɪ̯] in formal pronunciation, [ɐɪ̯] in casual

## See also

* Wonao glossary
* Eosome glossary
* Naonaere glossary
* Koedaker glossary
* Bujanski glossary
* Daizhouvian loanwords in Wonao languages