recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
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My Little Mars Wiki

**Welcome to the My Little Mars Wiki!**
My Little Mars Wiki

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Seibu railway

### Rolling stock

Seibu 101 series (since 1969)Seibu 2000 series (since 1977)Seibu 4000 series (since 1988)Seibu 6000 series (since 1992)Seibu 9000 series (since 1993)Seibu 10000 series (since 1993)Seibu 20000 series (since 2000)Seibu 30000 series (since 2008)Seibu 40000 series (since March 2017)

### Affiliated companys

Prince HotelsSeibu ConstructionSeibu BusSaitama Seibu Lions (professional baseball team)Seibu DomeSeibu Real EstateSeibu Trading

### Number of employees( including cleaners)

3,289 (as of the end of 2004)

**Seibu Railway Company, Ltd.** (西武鉄道株式会社, *Seibu Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha*) is a conglomerate based in Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan, with principal business areas in railways, tourism, and real estate. Seibu Railway's operations are concentrated in northwest Tokyo and Saitama Prefecture; the name "Seibu" is an abbreviation of "west Musashi", referring to the historic name for this area. However it and its holding company hold shares of numerous bus, hotel and tourism operations nationwide.

### kebukuro Line Group

The Ikebukuro Line group includes the Ikebukuro Line and its branches.

* Ikebukuro Line: Ikebukuro Station—Tokorozawa Station—Hannō Station—Agano Station (57.8 km)
	+ offers direct "through-service" via the Seibu Yūrakuchō Line to: Shin-Kiba Station on the Tokyo Metro Yūrakuchō Line and Motomachi-Chūkagai Station on the Minatomirai Line via the Tōkyū Tōyoko Line and the Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line.[7]
* Seibu Chichibu Line: Agano Station—Seibu Chichibu Station (19.0 km)
* Seibu Yūrakuchō Line: Nerima Station—Kotake Mukaihara Station (2.6 km)
	+ connects the Ikebukuro Line and the Tokyo Metro system
* Toshima Line: Nerima Station—Toshimaen Station (1.0 km)
* Sayama Line: Nishi-Tokorozawa Station—Seibu-Kyūjō-mae Station (4.2 km)

### Shinjuku Line Group

The Shinjuku Line group includes the Shinjuku Line and its branches, as well as the Tamagawa Line, which is not a branch of the Shinjuku Line but had been owned by the Shinjuku Line's operator before its merger with the Ikebukuro Line operator.

* Shinjuku Line: Seibu Shinjuku Station–Tokorozawa Station–Hon-Kawagoe Station (47.5 km)
* Seibu-en Line: Higashi-Murayama Station—Seibu-en Station (2.4 km)
* Haijima Line: Kodaira Station—Haijima Station (14.3 km)
* Tamako Line: Kokubunji Station—Hagiyama Station—Seibu Yuenchi Station (9.2 km)
* Kokubunji Line: Higashi-Murayama Station—Ogawa Station—Kokubunji Station (7.8 km)
* Tamagawa Line: Musashi-Sakai Station—Koremasa Station (8.0 km)

Until May 31, 2017, this list included the Ahina Line (安比奈線). Prior to the formal closure, the 3.2 km freight line between Minami-Ōtsuka Station and Ahina Station had suspended operation since 1963.
Shinkansen 0 series

**Shinkansen**

The 0 series (which were not originally classified, as there was no need to distinguish classes of trainset until later[2]) entered service with the start of Tōkaidō Shinkansen operations in October 1964. These units were white with a blue stripe along the windows and another at the bottom of the car body, including the front pilot.

Unlike previous Japanese trains (except for some trains running on standard gauge sections on the Ou Main Line and Tohoku Main Line) the Tōkaidō Shinkansen and all subsequent Shinkansen lines were standard gauge (1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) between the rails). The trains were powered by 25 kV AC electricity at 60 Hz with all axles of all cars powered by 185 kW traction motors, giving a 220 km/h (140 mph) operation top speed.

The original trains were introduced as 12-car sets, with some sets later lengthened to 16 cars. Later, shorter trains of 6 cars and even 4 cars were assembled for lesser duties. Production of 0 series units continued from 1963 until 1986.

Shinkansen sets are generally retired after fifteen to twenty years. The final remaining 0 series sets were 6-car sets used on JR-West *Kodama* services on the San'yō Shinkansen between Shin-Ōsaka and Hakata, and on the Hakata-Minami Line until their retirement on 30 November 2008.

Following retirement from regular service, JR-West ran a number of special commemorative *Hikari* runs in December 2008.[3] *Hikari* 347, powered by set R61,[4] arrived at Hakata Station at 6:01 pm on 14 December 2008, bringing to an end the 44 years of service of the 0 series trains.
F-Liner

### Rolling stock

Regularly, all F Liner trains are operated in 10-car sets.Tobu 9000 series & 9050 series EMUs, Tobu 50070 series EMUsSeibu 6000 series EMUs, Seibu 40000 series EMUsTokyo Metro 10000 series EMUs, Tokyo Metro 7000 series EMUs (10-car sets only)Tokyu 5050-4000 series EMUsYokohama Minatomirai Railway Y500 series EMUs (Temporary 8-car service)

### Number of employees( including cleaners)

unknown. In fact, workers are from those five companies.

## Namesake

The '''F Liner''' (Fライナー) is the name for the fastest through service train between 5 railway companies, which are Tobu Railway, Seibu Railway, Tokyo Metro, Tokyu Corporation and Yokohama Minatomirai Railway

The F in F Liner stands for 3 English words starting with the letter F, which are:

* **Fast**, which this train is envisioned to become

* **Five**, referring to through services between 5 railway companies

* **Fukutoshin** (副都心), Japanese for secondary city center

## Service Pattern

The name "F Liner" is given to trains under the two route systems explained below. The service type of trains may change once across boundary stations for two different lines. Therefore, systematically, the name "F Liner" will be added before the service type, so that all trains F Liner are then distinctively referred to as "F Liner, (Service type on current line)". For instance: Within the Fukutoshin Line → "F Liner, Express", bound for Motomachi-Chūkagai; Within the Toyoko Line → "F Liner, Limited Express", bound for Shinrin-Kōen.
1. **Seibu Line system**: Hannō / Kotesashi - Motomachi-Chūkagai
	* Seibu Yurakucho Line and Ikebukuro Line: Rapid Express (快速急行)
	* Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line: Express (急行)
	* Tōkyū Tōyoko Line and Minatomirai Line: Limited Express (特急)
2. **Tōbu Line system**: Ogawamachi / Shinrin-Kōen - Motomachi-Chūkagai
	* Tōbu Tōjō Line: Express (急行)
	* Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line: Express (急行)
	* Tōkyū Tōyoko Line and Minatomirai Line: Limited Express (特急)

Within the Fukutoshin Line, the Tōyoko Line and the Minatomirai Line, 4 F Liner trains operate every hour at 15-minute intervals during daytime. 2 of which operate on the Tōbu Line system from/to Shinrin-Kōen. The other 2 operate on the Seibu Line system, with one operating from/to Hannō, and the other from/to Kotesashi, each operating at 1-hour intervals. For northbound trains on weekend mornings, only 1 F Liner train operates every hour which terminates at Hannō.[3]

The longest distance travelled for an F Liner journey is 100.1km, from Ogawamachi to Motomachi-Chūkagai.

From 16 March 2019, the Tobu Tojo line began a new timetable, in which on weekends in the morning, there are 3 F-Liner services that begin from Ogawamachi instead of Shinrin-Kōen that head towards Motomachi-Chūkagai. They depart Ogawamachi at 7:54, 8:54 and 9:54. All other F-Liner services that run on the Tobu Tojo line continues to start/end at Shinrin-Kōen station.

See also:
S-Train
Shonan Shinjuku Line
Tojo Liner
Wubjen Leaf

*Swamp Weed*

Habitat & Cultivation

**Soil:**Regular and sandy soils

**Found:**The edges of swamp areas, and exposed sandy soil.

**Parts Harvested:** Wubjen Root

A common plant, native to the swampy lands surrounding Mutazione (hence "Swamp Weed"). The earthy colored lobate leaves have an intricate reticulate venation that gives the Wubjen great flexibility when exposed to strong winds. It also has a dense rhizomatous root system which takes years to be fully grown.

## **Uses**

The roots of Wubjen are antiparasitic and mildly depurative. The roots also produce a strong pigment when boiled. Can be used in paints and dye.

*The shelter the plant offers means Bimblebugs prefer to bury their eggs amongst Wubjen roots.*
Shinjuku-sanchōme

## Shinjuku-San-Chome , M09, F13, S02.

Shinjuku Sanchome Sign for Fukutoshin Line

### Services

Tokyo metro: Marunouchi Line and Fukutoshin Line.Toei Subway:Toei Shinjuku Line.

F-Liner and Toei Line to Keio Line through service.

### Visits

In fiscal 2011, the Tokyo Metro station (Marunouchi and Fukutoshin Lines) was used by an average of 97,688 passengers daily, and the Toei station (Shinjuku Line) was used by an average of 50,458 passengers daily (alighting passengers only)

## Overview

**Shinjuku-sanchome Station** (新宿三丁目駅, *Shinjuku-sanchōme-eki*) is a subway station in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan, operated jointly by the two Tokyo subway operators, Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway.

## Lines

Shinjuku-sanchōme Station is served by the following three subway lines.

* Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line (station number M-09)
* Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line (station number F-13)
* Toei Shinjuku Line (station number S-02)

Tokyo metro Fukutoshin Line provides through services to Tokyu Toyoko Line, Seibu Line, Tojo Line and Minatomirai Line. Also Known as F-Liner.

## Tokyo Metro platforms

The Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line platforms are located on the second basement ("B2F") level running approximately east to west, and the Fukutoshin Line platforms are located on the third basement ("B3F") level running approximately north to south. They are linked by stairs and escalators at the north end of the Fukutoshin Line platforms and east end of the Marunouchi Line platforms.

 **2** | M Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line
 **3** | F Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line
TY Tokyu Toyoko Line for Jiyūgaoka and Yokohama
 **4** | F Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line
TJ Tobu Tojo Line for Kawagoeshi and Shinrinkōen
 Seibu Ikebukuro Line for Hannō

## Toei subway platforms

The Toei Shinjuku Line platforms are located on the second basement ("B2F") level to the east of the Marunouchi Line platforms.

 **2** | S Toei Shinjuku Line
Yokohama Minotomirai railway company

### Owner

No owner, all run by multiple companies: shareholders:Yokohama City (63.48%)Kanagawa Prefecture (8.87%)Tokyu Corporation (4.44%)Mitsubishi Estate (3.73%)Government of Japan through DBJ (1.97%)Keikyu (1.66%)Urban Renaissance Agency (1.28%)Bank of Yokohama (1.17%)Sotetsu (1.02%)MUFG Bank (1%)

### Founded date

The company was founded on 29 March 1989, and on 19 April 1990, received government approval to operate the Minato Mirai.[1] On 1 August 1997, the company acquired the Kodomonokuni Line.[1] The Minatomirai Line opened on 1 February 2004.[1]

### Number of employees( including cleaners)

unknown

The **Yokohama Minatomirai Railway** (横浜高速鉄道, *Yokohama Kōsoku Tetsudō*, lit. "Yokohama Rapid Railway") is a third-sector railway company funded by the city of Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, and Tokyu Corporation.[1]

The company oversees the Minatomirai Line and the Kodomonokuni Line. Train crews and operations are contracted out to Tokyu Corporation.

THROUGH SERVICE

MM 21 are included in F-Liner plan, list below will show the exchange and through service:

MM 01: Yokohama, Tokyu Toyoko line run into MM 21 through yokohama. with exchange of S-Train to Hanno And Seibu Chichibu and F-liner limited express .

MM 02 : shin-takashima, no exchange avaliable, S- Train used to stop here.

MM 03: minatomirai , S-Train and F-Liner will stop here.

MM 04: Bashamichi, no exchange avaliable.

MM 05: Nihon-Odori, no exchange avaliable.

MM 06: Otomachi-Chukakai , S-Train and F-Liner limited express through service along with toyku corporation line.
Trains dictionary Wiki

**Welcome to the Trains dictionary Wiki!**
We're a collaborative community website that anyone, including you, can build and expand. Wikis like this one depend on readers getting involved and adding content. Click the "ADD NEW PAGE" or "EDIT" button at the top of any page to get started!

*Community Founders*: Write a good and paragraph-length description here about your topic. Let your readers know what your topic is about and add some general information about it. Then you should visit the admin dashboard for more tips.

## Important articles

* WHY WOULD U CARE ABOUT IMPORTANT ARTICLES?

You can also be part of the larger Fandom family of communities. Visit Fandom's Community Central!
JR East

### Rolling stock

please go and download this PDF for full information:https://www.jreast.co.jp/e/data/procurement/pdf/list-of-rollingstock.pdfbut overall, the major rolling stock on JR east network is E231 series.

### Founded date

April 1, 1987 (not a april fool because the government delayed the april fools day to 1988 lol)

### Number of employees( including cleaners)

72.4 thousand people as of March 31, 2019

JR East is a National railway service company being split up from JNR at 1987. JR east's service area covers from Tokyo to Aomori where the Hakkoda undersea Tunnel starts, form the second biggest railway company in Japan just after JR West.

## Area of Operation

* Commuter train in Tokyo area.
* suburban train service like Tokkaido Line, and Joban Line.
* Shinkansen
* special services
* Narita express

### Limited express (overnight)

* 1. *Akebono* (discontinued January 2015)
	2. *Cassiopeia* (discontinued March 2016)
	3. *Hokutosei* (discontinued August 2015)
	4. *Nihonkai* (discontinued January 2013)
	5. *Sunrise Izumo*/*Sunrise Seto* (not operated by JR East, operated by JR Central and JR-West over the Tokaido Main Line, part of which JR East owns between Tokyo and Atami)
	6. *Twilight Express* (discontinued March 2015)

### Express

All remaining express services operated on JR East tracks are overnight expresses (夜行急行列車, *yakō kyūkō ressha*).

* *Hamanasu* (JR Hokkaido)
* *Kitaguni* (JR West)
* *Noto* (JR West)

## Major exchange stations

as of 2017, the top 10 busiest station of JR East are:

1. Shinjuku Station (778,618)
2. Ikebukuro Station (566,516)
3. Tokyo Station (452,549)
4. Yokohama Station (420,192)
5. Shinagawa Station (378,566)
6. Shibuya Station (370,669)
7. Shimbashi Station (277,404)
8. Omiya Station (255,147)
9. Akihabara Station (250,251)
10. Kita-Senju Station (217,838)

## Subsidiaries

* Higashi-Nihon Kiosk -appear in busy areas. provide cheap drink, snacks, and daily newspaper from different company.
* JR Bus Kanto / JR Bus Tohoku - intercity bus operators, which also operates the Joban Line replacement service.
* Nippon Restaurant Enterprise - provides *bentō* box lunches on trains and in train stations
* Tokyo Monorail - (70% ownership stake)[13]
* East Japan Marketing & Communication

## Bids outside Japan

EJRC holds a 15% shareholding in West Midlands Trains with Abellio and Mitsui that commenced operating the West Midlands franchise in England in December 2017.[17][18] The same consortium has also been listed to bid for the South Eastern franchise.
SPAD

## Overview

A **signal passed at danger** (**S.P.A.D.**), known in the United States and Canada as **running a red light**,[1] is an event on the railway where a train passes a stop signal without authority.[2] Where colour light signals are in use, an S.P.A.D. occurs when a train passes a red signal without authority, and where semaphore signals are used, an S.P.A.D. occurs when a train passes a signal in the 'on' position without authority.

In the U.K, the alternative description *signal passed at red* is used where a signal changes to danger in front of a train due to either a technical fault or in an emergency, and although the train is being driven correctly it is unable to stop before passing the signal.

## How to cause it

It takes a considerable distance to stop a train, and incidents of this type often involve a slight or very slight overrun of the signal, at low speed, because the driver has braked too late, often after sighting the signal too late.

In some situations, however, the driver is unaware that they have passed a signal at danger and so continues until a collision occurs, as in the Ladbroke Grove rail crash. In such cases it is up to the safety system (where fitted) to apply the brakes, or for the signaller to alert the driver.

Some of the causes are:

* Misjudgement
* Inattention
* Distraction
* Fatigue
* Misreading of an adjacent signal due to line curvature, or sighting on one beyond[3]
* Misunderstanding
* Miscommunication[3]
* Incomplete or lapsed route knowledge
* Acute medical condition (medical emergency), such as a heart attack or stroke
* Chronic medical condition, such as sleep apnea causing microsleep

## Prevention

### Automatic train protection

Main article: Automatic train protection

Automatic train protection (ATP) is a much more advanced form of train stop which can regulate the speed of trains in many more situations other than at a stop signal. ATP supervises speed restrictions and distance to danger points. An ATP will also take into account the individual train characteristics such as brake performance. Thus, the ATP determines when brakes should be applied in order to stop the train before getting to the danger point. In the UK, only a small percentage of trains (First Great Western and Chiltern Railways) are fitted with this equipment.

### Driver's reminder appliance

Main article: Driver's reminder appliance

The DRA is an inhibiting switch located on the driver's desk of United Kingdom passenger trains designed specifically to prevent 'starting away SPADs'. The driver is required to operate the DRA whenever the train is brought to a stand,[6] either after passing a signal displaying caution or at a signal displaying danger.

Once applied, the DRA displays a red light and prevents traction power from being taken.
Sir Robert of Grand Pré

> "*Our hearts are united in inflexible determination; that cause for which we have drawn the sword shall be maintained unto honour and triumph.*"
>
>

**Sir Robert Borden GCMG KC (26 June 1854 - 10 June 1937)** was a Canadian businessman, diplomat, politician, soldier and statesman. During his career, he served as eighth Prime Minister of the Dominion of Canada and twentieth President of His Majesty's Privy Council. He was one of the founders of the League of Nations.

Borden's administration governed Canada between 1911 and 1918, during which time the First World War began, the country's first domestic, standing army was raised, compulsory military service was mandated for the Dominion's men and imperial forces invaded Anatolia, Gaul and Mesopotamia. During his tenure, he deployed air, military and naval forces throughout Eurasia, nationalised trans-continental railway infrastructure and oversaw an unprecedented expansion of the Dominion's armed forces which saw it ascend temporarily to the status of a geopolitical superpower.

Personally, Sir Robert authored Article IX of the Imperial Conference Agreement, 1936; this clause consigned to the British diaspora's Dominions an equal role in determining the economic and foreign policy of the United Kingdom and, thus, an equal role in determining the role of the British Empire in the world. He introduced the Military Service Act, 1917, to the House of Commons of Canada, mandating military service for the country's adult male population. Later, as minister plenipotentiary, he represented the Dominion of Canada at the European Peace Conference of 1919 and the European Naval Conference of 1922 where he signed, on behalf of the country, the Treaty of Versailles, 1919 and the Treaty of Washington, 1922, respectively.
Toyo Rapid Railway

Tokyo metro 07 Series

Tokyo Metro 15000 Series

## Overview

The **Tōyō Rapid Railway Line** (東葉高速線, *Tōyō Kōsoku-sen*) is a rapid transit line owned by Tōyō Rapid Railway Co., Ltd., which runs between Nishi-Funabashi Station in Funabashi, Chiba and Tōyō-Katsutadai Station in Yachiyo, Chiba. The name Tōyō (東葉) comes from the characters for Tokyo and Chiba. The line is essentially an extension of the Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line.

## History

Construction work on the line commenced in July 1984, and the line was fully opened on 27 April 1996.[1] Limited-stop "Toyo Rapid" (東葉快速, *Tōyō Kaisoku*) services were introduced on the line from the start of the 4 December 1999 timetable revision, but such services in the "up" direction (toward Tokyo) were discontinued in 2009, and the "down" limited-stop services were discontinued from the start of the revised timetable on 15 March 2014.[2]

## Former rolling stock

Toyo Rapid 1000 Series (retired in 2006)

tokyo metro 5000 series( retired in 2007)
Yamanote Line station list Page

* Stations are listed in order clockwise from Shinagawa to Tabata, but for operational purposes trains officially start and terminate at Ōsaki.
	+ Clockwise (外回り, *sotomawari*, "outer circle"): Shinagawa → Shibuya → Shinjuku → Ikebukuro → Tabata → Ueno → Tokyo → Shinagawa
	+ Counter-clockwise (内回り, *uchimawari*, "inner circle"): Shinagawa → Tokyo → Ueno → Tabata → Ikebukuro → Shinjuku → Shibuya → Shinagawa
* All stations are located in the special wards of Tokyo.
* All trains on the Yamanote Line are local trains that stop at all stations.
* This table also lists stations where Keihin-Tōhoku Line rapid trains would stop.

**Legend**

* ● : Rapid trains stop
* **｜** : Rapid trains pass
* ▲ : Rapid trains stop only on weekends or holidays
Sir Gordon of Quebec

> "*It was an honour to fight in the defence of this, my native country.*"
>
>

   **General Sir Gordon Drummond GCB (27 September 1772 - 10 October 1854)**was a Canadian colonial administrator, martial administrator, military officer and soldier. He was a veteran of the Sixth European Coalition War and First Anglo-U.S. War. During his career, he served as the sixteenth Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Upper Canada and tenth Viceroy of the British Empire of North America.

Drummond's administration governed Canada between 1813-1815, during which time martial law was imposed throughout the country, an attempted invasion by the United States of America was repulsed and approximately one fifth of U.S. territory was occupied by the Militia of Canada. During his tenure, he supervised the civilian administration of British North America and the martial administration of the U.S. territories in the North American Great Lakes basin and the Allegheny mountain range. He deported U.S. citizens from occupied territories, executed dozens of collaborators and led the Militia of Canada against the U.S. Army.

His armies repulsed an attempted invasion of the Ontario Peninsula by the U.S. Army and ejected their forces from the Niagara Peninsula. In subsequence, his forces occupied the territories of the United States of New Hampshire, Maine, Vermont and New York. Between 1814-1815, he maintained an occupational administration in the conquered territories during which time U.S. military fortifications were demolished, U.S. citizens were deported and settlements were razed.

Personally, Sir Gordon fought alongside imperial forces during the expulsion of the Grand Army of France from the Ottoman Eyalet of Egypt; it was a successful campaign of a minor theatre of the war between the European Coalition and the French Empire. As Viceroy of British North America, he led the Militia of Canada during an attempted invasion by the U.S. Army and, subsequently, during the conquest of the States of New Hampshire, Maine, Vermont and New York and the occupation of the Territory of Michigan. Later, Drummond enshrined the Anglo-U.S. Treaty of 1814, resulting in a cessation of hostilities and gradual restoration of the sovereignty of the United States in the occupied territories.
Tsukuba Express

## Overview

The **Tsukuba Express** (つくばエクスプレス, *Tsukuba Ekusupuresu*), or **TX**, is a Japanese railway line of the Metropolitan Intercity Railway Company which links Akihabara Station in Chiyoda, Tokyo and Tsukuba Station in Tsukuba, Ibaraki. The route was inaugurated on August 24, 2005.

## Speed Limit

The speed on the whole line is 130 km/h. Reduced the time needed to go from akihabara to Tsukuba from 1h 30 mins to 45 mins. The whole network has no railway crossings and fully one man operation.

## Electrification

To prevent interference with the geomagnetic measurements of the Japan Meteorological Agency at its laboratory in Ishioka, the portion of the line from Moriya to Tsukuba operates on alternating current. For this reason, the trains include TX-1000 series DC-only trains, which can operate only between Akihabara and Moriya, and TX-2000 series dual-voltage AC/DC trains, which can operate over the entire line.

## Rolling stock

TX-1000 series , operate between Akihabara and moriya Only.

TX2000, the entire network.

TX3000, new rolling stock produced by hitachi. Sheduled to enter service in first quarter of 2020.

## Train Leveling

* Local (普通, *Futsū*)
* Semi-Rapid (区間快速, *Kukan Kaisoku*)
* Commuter-Rapid (通勤快速, *Tsūkin Kaisoku*)
* Rapid (快速, *Kaisoku*)

## History

The Metropolitan Intercity Railway Company (首都圏新都市鉄道株式会社, *Shuto-ken Shin Toshi Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha*) was founded on 15 March 1991 to construct the Tsukuba Express, which was initially going to be called the New Joban Line (常磐新線, *Jōban Shinsen*). The reason for the line was to relieve crowding on the Jōban Line operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East), which had reached the limit of its capacity. However, with the economic downturn in Japan, the goal shifted to development along the line. Also, the initial plan called for a line from Tokyo Station to Moriya, but expenses forced the planners to start the line at Akihabara instead of Tokyo Station, and pressure from the government of Ibaraki Prefecture resulted in moving the extension from Moriya to Tsukuba into Phase I of the construction.

The original schedule called for the line to begin operating in 2000, but delays in construction pushed the opening date to summer 2005. The line eventually opened on 24 August 2005.

From the start of the revised timetable on 15 October 2012, new "Commuter rapid" (通勤快速, *tsūkin kaisoku*) services were introduced in the morning (inbound services) and evening (outbound services) peak periods.[3]

In September 2013, a number of municipalities along the Tsukuba Express line in Ibaraki Prefecture submitted a proposal to complete the extension of the line to Tokyo Station at the same time as a new airport-to-airport line proposed as part of infrastructure improvements for the 2020 Summer Olympics.[4]

The line made worldwide news in November 2017 when an apology was issued by Metropolitan Intercity Railway Company due to a train departing 20 seconds earlier than scheduled.[5]
Shonan Shinjuku Line

The '''Shōnan–Shinjuku Line''' (湘南新宿ライン, ''Shōnan–shinjuku-rain'') is a passenger railway service in Japan which debuted in December 2001. The line has no dedicated track as services run through shared sections ran by [[JR East]].. It is treated as a distinct service at stations and on network maps.

Service patterns on the Shōnan–Shinjuku Line are as follows:

### Utsunomiya Line–Yokosuka Line

* **Shōnan–Shinjuku Line local** (Utsunomiya Line: local; Ōmiya–Ōfuna: local; Yokosuka Line: local)
	+ Services commenced on December 1, 2001.
	+ One train per hour is operated between Koganei (some to/from Utsunomiya) and Zushi; this increases to 2–3 trains per hour during peak periods. Sometimes trains operate to/from Ōfuna as well as to/from Koga on weekday mornings.
	+ Most trains are operated in 15-car sets. Some pause at Koganei to couple-up or divide, with the 10-car portion continues northward; others are operated in 10-car sets along the entire line.
	+ E233 series LED Displays show a green colour ■ for this service.
* **Shōnan–Shinjuku Line local / Shōnan–Shinjuku Line rapid** (Utsunomiya Line: Rapid; Ōmiya–Ōfuna: Local; Yokosuka Line: Local)
	+ Services commenced on October 16, 2004.
	+ From morning to midday, trains are operated hourly between Utsunomiya and Zushi (some to/from Ōfuna). Trains operate as rapid services within the Utsunomiya Line and as local services within the Yokosuka Line. These services replace daytime *Rabbit* rapid trains within the Utsunomiya Line to/from Ueno.
	+ Most trains are operated in 15-car sets. Some pause at Koganei to couple-up or divide, with the 10-car portion is operated north of Koganei; others are operated in 10-car sets along the entire line.

### Takasaki Line–Tōkaidō Line route

* **Shōnan–Shinjuku Line local / Shōnan–Shinjuku Line rapid** (Takasaki Line: Local; Ōmiya–Totsuka: Rapid; Totsuka–Tōkaidō Line: Local)
	+ Services commenced on December 1, 2001.
	+ One train per hour is operated between Kagohara and Hiratsuka (some to/from Kōzu). During peak periods when there are no special rapid services this increases to 2–3 trains per hour, with trains to/from Takasaki, Kōzu, and Odawara. Some morning southbound trains and weekday evening northbound trains operate to/from Maebashi via the Ryōmō Line; one weekday morning train is operated from Fukaya.
	+ Except for a single northbound morning and southbound evening train, all trains are operated in 15-car sets south of Kagohara, where they are joined/separated; a 10-car train is operated north of Kagohara. The train from Fukaya is operated as a 15-car set.
	+ E233 series LED Displays show an orange colour ■ between Ōmiya and Totsuka, and a green colour ■ within the Takasaki and Tōkaidō Lines for this service.

## Gallery

### on the right:

shonan shinjuku line running near gotanda

Shonan shinjuku line train wizzing out of the station
Jeffery Amherst

**Field Marshall Jeffery Amherst, Baron of Montreal KB (29, January, 1717 - 3, August, 1797)** was a Canadian colonial administrator, military officer and soldier. He was a veteran of the Fifth European Coalition War, the Fifth Anglo-French War and the First Anglo-Odaawa War. During his career, Lord Amherst served as fifth Commander-In-Chief of British North America, fifteenth Governor of the Colony of Virginia and first Governor of the Province of Quebec.

Lord Amherst's administration governed Canada between 1758-1763, during which time the French Empire's colonial administration was dismantled, the country was completely occupied by the British Army of North America and martial law was imposed throughout it. In the duration of his tenure, he deliberated the postbellum conditions of the British & French nations in North America, displaced the Beringian tribes of the Ohio River valley and oversaw the defence of the nation during the Fifth Anglo-French War and First Anglo-Odaawa War.

His armies conquered the Fortress of Louisbourg in Acadia, depriving the French Fleet of strategic control of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and exposing the capital of the French Colonial Empire, Montreal, to naval invasion. Later, forces under his command would usurp a confederacy of Beringian tribes, under the leadership of the Odaawa, from the Ohio River valley; this operation would enable the colonisation of the region.

Personally, Amherst accepted the surrender of the Viceroi, the Marquis de Vaudreuil, and authored with him the *Articles of Capitulation, 1760*, which would serve as the basis of the later *Treaty of Paris, 1763:* the treaty entailed the full annexation of the French Colonial Empire to British North America and defined the post-war status of the French diaspora in the country. He led the British Army of North America during the conquest of the Fortress of Louisbourg, the core of Quebec's defensive nexus, thus enabling the complete conquest of the country. Later, as Commander-In-Chief of the British Army of North America, Amherst deployed expeditions to occupy the French colonies of the Caribbean and suppress the American Revolution.
Jokers

**Highest Placing Member** | Ben Schiffer (1/16)

**Jokers** is one of the four teams apart of the team twist introduced on *Big Brother: Over The Top 1*. The team consisted of Ben Schiffer, Esther Callahan, Kameron Moya, and Luca Mitchell. The team will dissolve when team competition ends after week four.

## Members

 **Winner**

 **Jury**

 **Evicted**

 **Jury**

## History

Luca won the first competition of the season, apart of the live move in, becoming one of the four winners that later became Team Captains. He was the first member of Team Jokers and selected three fellow houseguest (2 girls and 1 guy). After the selections, Team Jokers won the first Head of Household (HOH) competition, which resulted in Luca becoming the first HOH and his team immune from the first eviction.

### Wildcard Competition

A selected teammate will compete in a new Wildcard Competition. That houseguest would compete for sole immunity, meaning that if they win, they will be given the option to take safety, while the rest of the team remains vulnerable for nomination and eviction. If the winner decides to accept safety for the week, it will result in a punishment that may affect them, their team, or the entire house. Due to the team winning the HOH competition in week one, the Jokers were not eligible to compete in the Wildcard Competition.

Wildcard Competition

## Trivia

* Luca declined the first Double or Nothing Twist on Day One. Had he accepted and won the challenge, it would immune him and the rest of the team from eviction for another week. Had he accepted and lost, Luca would had been dethroned as HOH and his entire team would be vulnerable for the first eviction.
* Esther was the only Joker not to compete in the Wildcard Competition.

Template:OTT1 Team Nav
Sir Charles of Halifax

**Brigadier-General Charles Lawrence (14 December 1709 - 19 October 1760)** was a Canadian colonial administrator, military officer and soldier. He was a veteran of the First Anglo-Mikmaq War and the Fifth Anglo-French War. During his career, he served as seventh Governor of the Province of Nova Scotia.

Lawrence's administration governed the Acadian Peninsula between 1753 and 1760, during which time the first Anglo-Quebecois War began and was concluded, the French diaspora was expelled from Acadia and the country was colonised, martial law was imposed throughout the territory and the fifth Anglo-French War was concluded. During his tenure, he oversaw the mass deportation and killing of the Mikmaq tribes and the French diaspora of the Provinces of Acadia & Nova Scotia and granted the land seized from the French colonists to 8,000 British families who's patriarchs served in the British Army during the conquest of what is today, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia.

His armies conducted ethnic cleansing campaigns against the French diaspora and the Mikmaq tribes in the Province of Nova Scotia, resulting in 6,000 deaths among the French population and the deportation of 11,000 to the Metropole of the Kingdom of France and the Territory of Louisiana in the Kingdom of Spain, and during the conquest of the Fortress of Louisbourg, which deprived the French fleet of naval supremacy in the St. Lawrence river valley and exposed the French Empire's capital, Montréal, to unimpeded naval invasions.

Personally, Charles fought alongside domestic forces during the Fifth Anglo-French War and the First Anglo-Mikmaq War, precipitating the subjugation of the Mikmaq tribes to the authority of the Crown and the destruction of the French diaspora of Acadia; the latter operation saw the country's French, male population reduced to naught during an extended campaign of guerrilla warfare, the French diaspora's barns and crops burned, their livestock slaughtered and their children and women deported en masse to their homeland or the former French territory at the mouth of the Mississippi river. He led the Third Division of the British Army of North America during the conquest of the Fortress of Louisbourg, depriving the French Fleet of strategic control of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and exposing the capital of the French Colonial Empire, Montreal, to naval invasion. Later, he coordinated the settlement of the diaspora known as the 'New England Planters,' the veterans of the conquest and their families, numbering 8,000 families in total, to the Province of Nova Scotia.
Sir Guy of New York

**Major-General Guy Carleton, Baron of Dorchester KB (3 September 1724 - 10 November 1808)**was a Canadian colonial administrator, military officer and soldier. He was a veteran of the fifth European Coalition War, the fifth Anglo-French War and the third British Civil War. During his career, Lord Dorchester served as the third Governor of the Province of Quebec, the ninth Commander-In-Chief of the British Army of North America and the first Governor-General of British North America.

Lord Dorchester's administration governed Canada between 1768-1778 & 1786-1789, during which time the American Revolution began, martial law was maintained throughout the country and distinct legal codes for British & French Canada were enshrined. In the duration of his tenure, he upheld the principles of the postbellum settlement of the British & French nations in North America, defended the nation against usurpation by the American rebels, and oversaw the manumission and relocation of the thousands of African slaves who had served the Crown & Nation in exchange for their freedom during the civil war.

His armies defended the cities of Quebec and Trois Rivieres during the attempt of the American rebels to seize them, dispelled the invading rebel army from the St. Lawrence and Richelieu River valleys, escorted 350,000 loyalists from the rebel-controlled colonies in North America to Canada & the United Kingdom and oversaw their resettlement in Ontario & Nova Scotia.

Personally, Carleton introduced the *Quebec Act of 1774* and the *Clergy Endowments Act of 1791*to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom: acts which entrenched French civil law among private citizens in administrative precedent and preserved the rights of the Catholic Church to feudal tithes in Quebec, respectively. He led the artillery & fusilier forces of the British Army of North America victoriously during the conquest of Quebec City, the last militarised outpost of the French Colonial Empire. Later, as Commander-In-Chief of the British Army of North America, Carleton commanded the defence of Canada & Quebec against the rebels from the colonies of America and evacuated those who had remained loyal to their race from the rebel-controlled territories to Canada.
Chuo Sobu Line

### Rolling stocks

101 series EMUs (yellow livery) (from 1963 until November 1988)103 series 10-car EMUs (yellow livery) (from 1979 until March 2001)

201 series 10-car EMUs (yellow livery) (from 1982 until November 2001)

205 series 10-car EMUs (yellow stripe) (from August 1989 until November 2001)

209-500 series 10-car EMUs (yellow stripe) (from December 1998 until 19 April 2019)

E231-900 series 10-car EMU (yellow stripe) (from 27 March 1999 as 209-950 series, until 25 February 2020)

4+6 formation

## Overview

The **Chūō-Sōbu Line** (中央・総武緩行線, *Chūō-Sōbu-kankō-sen*) is a railway line that runs through Tokyo and Chiba Prefecture, Japan.

Chūō-Sōbu Line is part of the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) network, but it operates on separate tracks along the right-of-way of the Chūō Main Line (Chūō Line (Rapid)) and Sōbu Main Line (Sōbu Line (Rapid)).

The term *Kankō* (緩行, *lit. "slow run"*) distinguishes local trains on the Chūō-Sōbu line from rapid service trains running on the Chūō Main Line between Mitaka and Ochanomizu and on the Sōbu Main Line between Kinshichō and Chiba.

## Services

### Chūō-Sōbu Line

* Regularly, trains terminate at Chiba or Tsudanuma at the east side, and terminate at Nakano or Mitaka at the west side
* All trains stop at every station.
	+ For station information on the parallel rapid/express lines, see the Chūō Line (Rapid) and Sōbu Line (Rapid) articles.

### Tōzai Line through service

All through service trains enter the Tōzai Line at either Nakano, or Nishi-Funabashi. These trains operate within the following routes:

* Mitaka – Nakano – (Tōzai Line) – Nishi-Funabashi – Tsudanuma (weekday mornings/evenings only)
* Nakano – (Tōzai Line) – Nishi-Funabashi – Tsudanuma (weekday mornings/evenings only)
* Mitaka – Nakano – (Tōzai Line) – Nishi-Funabashi
* Mitaka – Nakano – (Tōzai Line) – Nishi-Funabashi – (Tōyō Rapid Railway Line) – Tōyō-Katsutadai

### Limited express

Certain limited express and seasonal trains run through, or stop at stations on this line.

### Former Late night services

At around 9 -10pm, a few westbound trains headed beyond Mitaka onto the Chūō Line (Rapid), with some terminating at Musashi-Koganei, and the others at Tachikawa. The other trains during the hour operated regularly.

## Stations

Legend
* ●: All trains stop
* ■: Some trains pass
* ▲: All trains pass on weekends and holidays
* ｜: All trains pass

## Trivia

* A lot of people will be confused with chuo sobu line and sobu rapid line, this is due to the direction their heading towards but with different destinations.
* Most of the trains on JR East operated on this line.
* Chuo Line is the first line to receive newly produced E231 series.
* until now, chuo line rolling stock still have some aging populations.
Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line

Tokyo Metro 10000 series

Seibu 6000 series

Seibu 6050 series

Seibu 40000 series

Tobu 9000 series

Tobu 9050 series

Tobu 50070 series

Tokyu 5050 series

Tokyu 4000 series

Fukutoshin line one year old anniversary

## Overview

Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin line is a metro line operated by tokyo metro in tokyo&wako area in saitama prefecture, japan. As the newest line on tokyo metro netowork, On average, the Fukutoshin line carries 362,654 passengers daily in 2017,[1] the lowest of all Tokyo Metro lines and roughly one third of its sister Tokyo Metro Yūrakuchō Line (1,124,478).

## Line info

The Fukutoshin Line is the deepest metro line in Tokyo, with an average depth of 27 meters.[3] At Shinjuku-sanchōme Station, the line passes under the Marunouchi and above the Shinjuku lines at a depth of 15 meters, with a gap of only 11 centimeters to the Shinjuku Line tunnel.[3] The deepest section is at the immediately adjacent Higashi-Shinjuku Station, where the line goes down to 35 meters, partly due to an underground space reservation for a possible future extension of the Jōetsu Shinkansen to Shinjuku

It is the second Tokyo Metro line to feature express services, after the Tōzai Line; however, unlike the Tozai Line (where rapid services are only offered on the Tōyōchō – Nishi-Funabashi section), the Fukutoshin Line offers express services throughout the line, a first for Tokyo Metro. Express trains pass local trains at Higashi-Shinjuku, where additional tracks are installed for this purpose. Local trains stop at all stations.

When first opened, the line operated through services to Kawagoeshi Station on the Tobu Tojo Line and Hannō Station on the Seibu Ikebukuro Line. From 16 March 2013, the Tōkyū Tōyoko Line moved to share the line's Shibuya terminus, and since then through services have operated onto the Minatomirai Line via the Tōyoko Line, terminating at Motomachi-Chūkagai Station in Yokohama.[4] This is a rare instance of a Tokyo Metro train operating on four companies' tracks.[5]

Between Kotake-Mukaihara Station and Shibuya Station the Fukutoshin Line operates as a one-man operation subway line where chest-high platform edge doors are installed on the station platforms to aid the drivers.[6]

## Station list

* Express and commuter express trains stop at stations marked "●" and pass those marked "｜".
* Local trains stop at all stations.
Eternal Immunity

## *Big Brother* Twists

### Description

One contestant is given immunity for an existing amount of time or to the end of the game.

## Season(s)

### Seasons

*Big Brother 2*

**Eternal Immunity** is a frequent twist used around the world where one contestant is given immunity for an existing amount of time or until the end of the game.

## History

The twist was first used during *Big Brother 2*. As a part of the Den of Temptation twist, viewers got to vote to tempt one houseguest with the Pendant of Protection, which would grant them immunity for the first three weeks of the game. Layla Summers was chosen to receive the power, and as a result Jordan McDonough was randomly chosen to be cursed, and had to nominate himself for eviction as a third nominee at one of the following three nomination ceremonies. Layla would go on to well outlast her immunity, however, and as a result she was automatically evicted when Bob Pancakes activated the Panic Temptation Power to nullify his eviction votes and avoid the tiebreaker vote. She became the fifth member of the jury during the first half of the second Double Eviction on Week 11.