Chapter 54: We Are Who We Are

*Many modern students of the history of science and engineering have bemoaned Hiccup Haddock's apparent "near miss" of the development of the steam engine. As the argument typically goes, he had all of the necessary components with which to construct such a device—boilers, pipes and tight-fitting valves with which to make pistons, and mechanical apparatuses with which to harness the power—and with his experimentalist and pragmatic predilections, he would have surely seen the potential of the device, especially as he had access to books describing Hero of Alexandria's Aeolipile, the first primitive steam-powered device, which predated Haddock by a millennium. Such speculators often envision what route history might have instead taken if Haddock had access to railroads and steamships in addition to dragons.*

*What such individuals forget is that it still took centuries of progress to develop steam power into the sort of practical forms of energy production they envision. From Brendan Mac Brian's first introduction of a primitive steam-powered mining pump in AD 1381, it took over two hundred and fifty years until the first triple-expansion steam engine and steam turbines were developed (by Mishra in AD 1633 and Cohen in AD 1642, respectively). Not only was Haddock missing many essential parts for the construction of steam engines—precision-bored piston-cylinders, for one example—he had no economic reason to invest the time and effort into developing steam power. He had already made significant strides in developing wind and water power in his teen years, which amply served his industrial power supply needs. Also his early boiler designs, while far superior to earlier approaches, were still extremely primitive and wasteful of heat, fuel and water (some of which were recaptured by other processes, including the famous Berk Baths). Finally, what many people overlook is that Haddock had recently acquired the aid of dragons. The early steam engines were only economically viable as they filled a small niche in a developed and mature dragon-based economy, allowing for more efficient pumping of water from terraurban environments. In Haddock's era, only the earliest potentials of dragon labor and construction had begun to be explored…*

*—The Genius Has No Clothes: An Alternate View Of Innovation, 1818*

## Major Events

* Tuffnut has started walking again, but is still weak.
* Sigurd and the dragon-riding Varangians burn the town, capture Arduin, and break the back of the Lombard rebellion.
* The Francians betray Dogsbreath and Inga, and hand them over to Henry of Brittany, who previously tried to kidnap dragons from Berk.
* Viggo and Ryker hear about the Varangian attack, realizing that someone from Berk must have gone to Constantinople.
* Astrid, Wulfhild, Heather, and Cami relax in the baths. Astrid and Wulfhild realize they're both pregnant.
* Near Vedrarfjord, a group of young thugs who tried to attack the city are left to cool their heads on a small islet. Gunvor offers to take them back and help them find jobs if they will cease trying to attack.

## Characters

### Humans

* Ruffnut Thicknutsdóttir
* Tuffnut Thicknutsson
* Marte
* Karin
* Einar Thambarskelfir
* Katakalon Kekaumenos
* Georgios Maniakes
* Snotlout clan Jorgenson
* Thorred Folkmarsson
* Gunnar Bræsisson
* Ketilbjorn Káresson
* Hrafn Hrafnsson
* Arduin
* Inga Roswynnsdóttir
* Dogsbreath Rolfsson
* Christophe
* Henry of Brittany
* Viggo Grimborn
* Ryker Grimborn
* Unnamed Amalfian purser
* Astrid Hákonsdóttir clan Haddock
* Wulfhild of Norway
* Heather
* Cami Berthasdóttir
* Gunvor Dugaldsdóttir
* Hákon Mortensson

### Dragons

* Hookfang
* Redsnout
* Sunflower

## Analysis

### Epigraph Tie-In

* The epigraph briefly mentions Hiccup's boiler designs and how the waste heat was recaptured by other processes such as with Berk's famous baths. The chapter mentions that Hiccup and Fishlegs had redesigned the baths to make use of the waste heat from the Broodery's furnace.