recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Labour Charter (France)

The **Labour Charter of 4 October 1931** (French: Charte du travail du 4 octobre 1931) the original name is "*Act of October 4, 1931 on the social organization of the professions known as the Labor Charter"* is a law on organisation of work with aim to modernize the French economy in the French National and Social Republic. The Charter was promulgated by the Great Council of the State and Empire in *Journal officiel de l'État français* newspaper on October 1, 1931. It was officially drafted by André Marquet, Minister of Labor under the supervision of Marshal Philippe Pétain and Rene Belin, a young former syndicalist of the CGT-FO.

## Content

The Charter declared that private enterprise was the most efficient, confirming the support of the wealthy industrialists who were the first to support the military power after the May 1925 coup. It established corporations by branches of purpose of fostering understanding between employers and workers, and of avoiding class struggle. It created the Workers' Corporation, which was to be the counterpart of the Peasant Corporation, and encompassed the secondary and tertiary sectors. It allows the state to control corporations (which allows it to fix prices and wages), and to encourage the establishment of large enterprises controlled by the state.

Article 1:

> "The professional activities are distributed among a certain number of industrial or commercial families. These families, and the occupations that compose them, are organized under the general conditions laid down by the present law with a view to jointly managing the professional interests of their members of all categories and to contributing to the national economy, according to the directorates of public authorities."
>
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Article 3:

> "Under the current legislation, organized professions strive to provide their members with job security and contribute to their well-being and that of their dependents by creating and managing institutions. of all kinds."
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Article 5:

> "The lockout and the strike are and remain prohibited."
>
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Article 70:

> "The first appointments of members of the boards of directors of professional organizations will be made by orders of the Minister of State for Labor and the Secretary or Secretaries of State to which the professions concerned belong, taking into account the Commission proposals provided for in Article 77 below. "
>
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The Labor Charter synthesizes various influences:

* the Charter also inherits from the social Catholicism, which first developed the term of corporation with notably the contribution of François René of the Tower of Pin Chambly of La Charce;
* the current "anti-Enlightenment" and counter-revolutionary Maurrassian inspiration. The Charter, by the establishment of corporations intends to return to the decree of Allarde voted in 1791;
* the current of the former socialists and neo-socialists in the preponderance of the State and its social and managerial role.
Italian Worker's Socialist Party

The **Italian Worker's Socialist Party**, (Italian: *Partito Socialista dei Lavoratori Italiani*, **PSLI**) is an Italian democratic socialist political party. It was formerly known as the **Unitary Socialist Party** (Italian: *Partito Socialista Unitario*, PSU) from 1921 to 1929.

## History

The party was founded in February 1921, shortly after the expulsion of the reformist section of the Italian Socialist Party as it joined the Communist International and became the Communist Party of Italy (PCd'I). Two expelled reformist leaders, Filippo Turati and Giacomo Matteotti, established the Unitary Socialist Party as an alternative to the communists.

Although influential in parliament, the PSU saw only limited electoral success, with most left-wing voters turning to the PCd'I in both the 1921 and 1924 elections. The party saw its vote share decline in 1924 due to the increasing radicalization of left-wing voters amidst the events of the Decennio Rosso. Although opposed to the communists, the party stood alongside them in opposition to the various anti-socialist governments of the 1920's and always emphasized anti-fascism over anti-communism.

When the Governo Militare, the ruling military dictatorship, arose, the party fiercely and publicly opposed it. Their opposition led to a ban in 1929 along with other parties, driving the party underground. A number of party members were arrested by the government. The exiled leadership based in London renamed the party to the Italian Worker's Socialist Party in 1929. The party takes part in the Giustizia e Libertà movement of Carlo Rosselli.
Chen Duxiu

Born
 Political party
 Spouse(s)
 Father
 Mother
 Children
 Occupation
 Known for
 Signature

**Chen Duxiu** (Chinese: 陳獨秀; Wade–Giles: *Ch'en Tu-hsiu*) is a Chinese revolutionary, educator, philosopher, author, and politician who co-founded the Chinese Communist party (with Li Dazhou) in 1921, and is it's first and current General Secretary. Chen was a leading revolutionary activist prior and during the Xinhai revolution and played an important role during the May the Fourth Movement.

Chen's ancestral home is in Anqing, Anhui province where he adopted various organizations including the influential *Anhui Common Speech Journal* and the Chinese vernacular periodical *New Youth (Xin Qingnian)*.
1921 German legislative election

The **1921 German legislative election** was held between 13–19 November 1921. The election was the first ever election to be held in Germany after reforms were made to the electoral system. The Congress of Workers' and Soldiers' Councils (KAS) transformed into the official lower house of the legislature, and other bodies were established. There was a total of 787 seats up for election in the KAS and 38 in the newly created Congress of People's Deputies.

The election period as planned lasted seven days in total, beginning on Sunday the 13th and ending on Saturday the 19th. Two days were spent on elections to the *Gemeinderäte*, or municipal councils, the lowest level of council within the newly designed *Rätesystem* (council system). On the third day, the *Gemeinderäte* elected the *Kreisräte* (county councils). On the fourth day, the *Kreisräte* elected the *Bezirksräte* (district councils). On the fifth day the *Bezirksräte* elected the *Länderräte* (state councils), and on the sixth day they also elected delegates to the Congress of Workers' and Soldiers' Councils, with each Bezirk electing a delegate for every 70,000 inhabitants, based on the census held earlier that year. On the seventh and final day, the Congress of People's Deputies was elected by the Congress of Workers' and Soldiers' Councils.

Results were finalized and published the following day, Sunday the 20th, and both legislative houses were inaugurated on the same day. The remaining councils were inaugurated on the next day, Monday the 21st. The election was held with only minor recorded problems and was viewed with great interest internationally. Journalists affiliated with the Communist International from multiple countries both socialist and non-socialist were permitted to observe the election, and reports on it were published in the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, the Soviet Union and elsewhere.
Battle of Graudenz

The **Battle of Graudenz** was a minor battle that took place in the town of Graudenz (Polish: *Grudziądz*) during the Polish-German War.

## Background

Polish forces captured Graudenz in February 1920 largely without opposition due to the general lawlessness created by the German Civil War. Due to Germanization policies under the German Empire, nearly 90% of the town was ethnically German. The occupying force experienced a number of problems with the local populace, who engaged in sabotage and protest.

As Spartacist forces advanced through West Prussia in April and May, they encountered relatively little resistance from Polish forces. The commanders of the Spartacist force that would eventually assault the town were initially unaware that they were to be facing forces from the Polish Army. Instead, they believed them to be a group of Polish nationalist rebels similar to those in Posen and Silesia.

## Battle

On 17 May, a force of around 4,000 soldiers from the Spartacist Volksarmee, attached to the 2nd Berlin Infantry Division, advanced towards the town. After seizing the small village of Dolna Grupa to the west, the Spartacist forces moved towards the village and captured the only nearby bridge across the Vistula river, the Weichselbrücke Graudenz. Polish forces in the town were apparently aware of the Spartacist advance but lacked the means to sabotage the bridge. Instead, they prepared an ambush in the town itself.

The defending Polish force, numbering around 6,000 soldiers, was larger than the Spartacist commanders had believed. A detachment of the Spartacist forces triumphantly advanced into the town. Reports were later given of civilians rushing to warn of the Polish presence, but this was not apparently seriously acknowledged. As the Spartacists moved towards the town centre, the Polish defenders opened fire and quickly forced a frenzied retreat. The Polish forces had access to a single artillery gun, which apparently played a major part in inflicting initial casualties on the Spartacists. Following the retreat, a Polish detachment briefly pursued the Spartacists, but after encountering casualties they opted to fall back. In order to avoid Polish sabotage, the Spartacists maintained control of the bridge but halted their attempts to take the town for the moment. The battle lasted for only around an hour.

On the side of the Spartacists, seventeen of their soldiers were counted as killed and twenty-nine as wounded. Two of their soldiers were captured but were later recovered. On the side of the Poles, four soldiers were counted as killed and ten as wounded.

Although the battle was very insignificant on a tactical level, it became known in historical accounts as the first "real" battle between Spartacist and Polish forces, and as such, it traditionally marks the start of the Polish-German War. The town was captured by Spartacist forces five days later after most of the Polish garrison withdrew.
Baden state elections

The Grand Duchy of Baden holds elections to the **Landtag**, the local parliament, every four years, as a constituent of the Kingdom of Baden-Württemberg. The Landtag replaced the local National Assembly established briefly under the Weimar Republic, which in turn replaced the Estates Assembly that had existed under the German Empire.

Baden, like the rest of Baden-Württemberg, uses a proportional voting system in which voters choose from a party list, which means seats are usually assigned based primarily on party vote share. Like the federal elections, elections in Baden are held with universal suffrage. The Grand Duke of Baden has the right to dissolve the Landtag and can veto any decision made by the Landtag, though this right has not been used so far.

## Results

*For the local elections held in 1919, see 1918-19 German state elections.*
Fatherland League (Norway)

**Color(s)** | Red, white, blue (flag of Norway)

The **Fatherland League** (Norwegian: *Fedrelandslaget*) is a Norwegian right-wing, anti-communist political organisation. Founded in 1925, the movement aimed to unite all centre-to-right forces against the rise of the revolutionary Marxist labour movement. It is certainly popular, with over 100,000 members.

The political organisation has connection to some of the political parties in Norway right of center. They are supported by the Farmers' Party and the Free-minded Liberal Party. The opinion of the Conservative Party have swayed a little, while the Liberal Party have refused to support them.
Kingdom of Portugal

The **Kingdom of Portugal** (Portuguese: *Reino de Portugal*) is the monarchist government established in Northern Portugal following the failed monarchist November Coup in 1931. It considers itself to be the continuation of the original Kingdom of Portugal that was overthrown in the 1910 revolution. It is currently embroiled in the Portuguese Civil War. It is supported by a coalition of right-wing monarchist parties led by the Monarchical Cause.

It is recognized only by the British Empire and France. Its rival in the south, the Portuguese Republic, is recognized by the International Proletarian Defense Pact and its member states, as well as Mexico. Other countries still recognize the defunct First Portuguese Republic.
1930 German legislative election

The **1930 German legislative election** was held between 9–15 November 1930. It was held after the 1930 census, which altered the number of seats in the Congress of Workers' and Soldiers' Councils from 808 to 835.

It was the first election held since the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) changed its name to United Social Democratic Party of Germany (VSPD) to affirm its opposition to the original Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).

## Results

The following results rank each organization by their popular vote in the municipal elections by state. The FAUD is not included in states where no affiliated members were candidates. Total votes are also displayed.
Democratic Party (United States)

**Color(s)** |      Blue

The **Democratic Party** is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with its main rival, the Republican Party.

The Democratic Party traces its heritage back to Thomas Jefferson and James Madison's Democratic-Republican Party, founded in 1792. The modern-day Democratic Party was founded around 1828 by supporters of Andrew Jackson, making it the oldest active political party in the United States.
Wish Shot

**Wish Shot** (ウィッシュショット Wisshu Shotto, lett."Wens geskiet") is 'n tegniek wat in *Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep* verskyn en van Terra, Ventus en Aqua gebruik kan word. Dit stel die gebruiker in staat om 'n magiese bout op 'n vyand te loods.

## Speletjie meganika

In *Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep* is Wish Shot 'n vriendskap-command wat een gleuf in die Command Deck opneem, 'n herlaaityd van 5 sekondes het en die Command Gauge met 30% vul.

## Verkry van Wish Circle

* Die Cinderella D-Link het Wish Shot een keer in sy vlak 1 opdragdek en twee keer in sy vlak 2 opdragdekke.

## Eksterne skakels

* Die artikel oor **Wish Shot** in die *Amerikaanse Kingdom Hearts Wiki*
Communist Party of Germany

The **Communist Party of Germany** (German: *Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands*, **KPD**) is a left-wing political party in Germany. It is the dominant political party in the Free Socialist Republic of Germany.

## Elections

National Assembly (Weimar Republic)

Congress of Workers' and Soldiers' Councils
 1927 | Wilhelm Pieck | 415 / 808 | 51.4
 1930 | Rosa Luxemburg | 447 / 835 | 53.5

Congress of People's Deputies
 1930 | Rosa Luxemburg | 31 / 45 |  4
Zack (D-Link)

* Zack

**Zack** is 'n Dimension Link vir Terra, Aqua en Ventus in *Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep*. Dit word verkry nadat die Olympus Coliseum voltooi is.

## Spel meganika

Zack se eerste vermoë is Berserk, waarin die speler meer kritiese skade kan hanteer met die koste om meer kwesbaar te raak vir vyandaanvalle. Sy tweede vermoë dek grootliks die swakheid van die eerste vermoë, wat die afname in verdediging is. Aanval Deflector sal soms teen die vyand se aanval waak, en verminder dus die kans om deur die vyand getref te word. Sy eerste einde bevel, Hero's Entrance laat die gebruiker hoog spring en veroorsaak 'n skokgolf wanneer hy op die grond land. Die tweede finale aanval, Hero's Pride die gebruiker voer verskeie aanvalle deur teleport, wat skade aan die teenstander veroorsaak.

Zack se D-Link Slot Edge bevel kan 'n aanduiding wees vir 'n groot deel van die Slagstelsel in *Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII*, wat u tydelike vermoëns en sterk punte verkry via 'n stelsel soortgelyk aan 'n slotmasjien. Ook, Zack se D-Link-embleem is gekleurde bolle, soortgelyk aan Materia van *Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII*.

## Eksterne skakels

* Die artikel oor **Zack (D-Link)** in die *Amerikaanse Kingdom Hearts Wiki*
Farmer–Labor Party

**Political position** | Left-wing

The **Farmer–Labor Party**, officially the **Federated** **Farmer–Labor Party of the United States**, is a political party in the United States. It advocates for trade union rights, subsidies for farmers, public ownership of resources and key industries, government control of banking, and social progressivism.

Since 1928, the party has acted as the front for an electoral coalition between itself, the Progressive Party, the Socialist Party of America, the Nonpartisan League and, after 1930, the Workers' Party of America. There are aspirations to officially unify these organizations.

## History

The Farmer–Labor movement began in Minnesota in 1918. In November 1919, a number of organizations joined together to form the Labor Party of the United States. In July 1920 the party was reconstituted as the Farmer–Labor Party of the United States.
German Fatherland Party

The **German Fatherland Party** (German: *Deutsche Vaterlandspartei*, **DVLP**) is a German far-right political party operating in Baden-Württemberg. It also operates illegally underground in the Free Socialist Republic of Germany.

The party was founded on 14 April 1921 through the splitting away of an extremist faction from the German National People's Party (DNVP). The DVLP is staunchly Protestant and opposes the Catholic-oriented German Centre Party and German Völkisch Freedom Party, despite having similar ideals to the latter. It has traditionally functioned as an opposition party, first entering government after joining the DNVP-led government of Alfred Hugenburg in 1931.
German-Baltic People's Party

The **German-Baltic People's Party** (German: *Deutsch-baltische Volkspartei*, **DbVP**) is an extreme nationalist political party in Livonia. It was founded on 19 January 1920 by conservative bourgeois Baltic-Germans, with Wilhelm von Fircks serving as the first leader. Though nationalistic and right-wing from its inception, the party took an extremist turn around 1924 under the influence of figures such as Max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter and Alfred Rosenberg.
Blutmai

**Support From:**
 Germany
* German Socialist United Front
* Federal Army

 France
1,400 killed
31 killed
153 wounded

1 killed

The **Blutmai** (English: Bloody May) was a period of unrest in May 1925 in the country of Baden-Württemberg that saw predominately left-wing strikers and protesters clash with the police and army.

The events were triggered by a heavy handed response from police to an illegal May Day general strike that had been organized by left-wing trade unionists. The strike was organized in part by the German Socialist United Front (DSEF), a clandestine organization established by the Free Socialist Republic of Germany.

## History

The initial general strike on 1 May involved about 6,000 strikers in Stuttgart and another 3,000 in Mannheim, the two main industrial cities in the country. Authorities explicitly banned any strike actions from taking place on that day and cracked down on illegal efforts to organize it in the workplaces, but they were unable to deter it entirely. The police responded immediately with violence, beating the strikers with truncheons and firing with live ammunition. They also began raiding workplaces and arresting workers holding private meetings, which only caused further anger and increased sympathies for the strikers. A large gathering on the Friedrichstraße in Stuttgart was fired upon with machine guns and rifles after small arms fire by the strikers was falsely reported. This caused at least 57 deaths.

Within a few hours the ranks of the strikers had increased to at least 10,000 in Stuttgart and 6,000 in Mannheim, with a total of 20,000 workers and strikers across the country. The industrial sector was crippled and the police were quickly overwhelmed, which led to the intervention of the military and eventually the French Army the following day. This notably occurred without the authorization by the French government under Édouard Herriot, and the subsequent revelation was a factor in the political crisis that led to a military coup on 25 May. Scheduled elections were also delayed until the following year, which ended with the fall of the incumbent Centre Party-led government, and the Social Democratic Party was banned.

The strikers, though numerous, were unprepared for street fighting and lacked the arms to face the military. Some strikers managed to break into a police arms depot in Stuttgart on 2 May and fought back, and this followed by similar actions in Mannheim. That same day it was ordered that any civilian caught with a weapon be summarily executed, which was a factor in the large amount of casualties. By 3 May the government crackdown had largely succeeded in suppressing the strike, though violence continued until 6 May. At least 30,000 strikers participated, and approximately 1,400 were killed according to government estimates, while another 5,000 were arrested. 31 policemen and soldiers, along with 1 French soldier, were killed.
German Socialist United Front

The **German Socialist United Front** (German: *Deutsche Sozialistische Einheitsfront*, **DSEF**) is a left-wing political organization that operates illegally in the Rhenish Republic and Baden-Württemberg, as well as the ethnically German Saarland region and Alsace-Lorraine in France, and other German-inhabited regions controlled by foreign powers such as Schleswig, Eupen-Malmedy, Memel and the Sudetenland. It seeks to have these regions join the Free Socialist Republic of Germany, and claims to represent the "oppressed proletariat" in said regions. It considers itself to be a resistance group.

The organization functions as the clandestine representative of the both the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and the United Social Democratic Party of Germany (VSPD), hence the name "United Front". DSEF publishes a newspaper titled Einheit, which is printed in Germany and smuggled clandestinely into its areas of operation. It has little involvement in parliamentary politics, having only managed to participate in elections in Baden-Württemberg through front parties that were registered in a few constituencies. Its more prominent functions involve organizing protests and strikes, fostering sabotage networks, distributing propaganda, and freeing imprisoned socialists. Among the most notable actions organized by the group was the Blutmai in Baden-Württemberg.
Christian Social Party (Austria)

**Religion** | Roman Catholic

The **Christian Social Party** (German: *Christlichsoziale Partei*, CS) is a major conservative party founded in the Cisleithanian lands of Austria-Hungary. It is the most influential party in the Republic of Austria. The party is affiliated with Austrian nationalism, seeking to keep the state of Austria outside of the unified German state founded in 1871. The party also upholds a Catholic religious identity, which it uses to differentiate Austrians from the predominantly Protestant Germans.
Bundestag (Baden-Württemberg)

The **Bundestag** (German pronunciation: [ˈbʊndəstaːk], "Federal Diet") is the lower house of the parliament of Baden-Württemberg. Its upper house counterpart is the Bundesrat, though the Bundestag holds more power.

The Bundestag is elected by the population with universal adult suffrage every four years, beginning in 1921. The last election was in 1931.

Elections may be held before four years after the previous election if the Bundestag is dissolved. This may happen in two ways. The first way is if the head of government, the Bundeskanzler, is ousted through a vote of no confidence from the Bundestag. The Bundestag will be dissolved by the President of the Bundestag with the approval of the President of the Confederation in this case. The second way is if the President of the Confederation chooses to dissolve the Bundestag. In either case, new elections must be held in the next October, after which the current Bundestag will be officially replaced.

The seats are distributed based on a party-list proportional representation system. Voters choose a party from a ballot list and seats are distributed to each party approximately based on their popular vote share. The amount of seats is decided approximately based on the total population, with 1 seat being equal to 30,000 individuals. Thus the amount of seats changes each election, when the seat count is adjusted based on the new total population, which is done by comparing the latest census data with population growth statistics.
Estonian Democratic Party

**Color(s)** |      Blue

The **Estonian Democratic Party** (Estonian: *Eesti Demokraatlik Erakond*, **EDE**) was a conservative regionalist political party in Livonia. It was founded by Estonian lawyer Jaan Teemant. It was established on 18 November 1925 to represent the interests of the Estonian minority population and participated in the 1926 elections. It merged with the German-Baltic Democratic Party on 15 April 1927, transforming into the Baltic Democratic Party.
Baltic Democratic Party

The **Baltic Democratic Party** (**BDP**) is a liberal political party in Livonia. It was formed as the **German-Baltic Democratic Party** on 8 December 1918. After a period of inactivity during the ban on political parties by the military government, it participated in the first elections on the German electoral list. Following a merger with the Estonian Democratic Party, it received its current name, and transformed into a pan-Baltic party. It is the third largest party in the Senate, and is the only party that participates on both the German and Balt electoral list.

The party is jointly led by Paul Schiemann, a liberal Baltic-German journalist, and Jaan Teemant, a conservative Estonian lawyer. Schiemann leads the German section of the party, while Teemant leads the Balt section of the party. Its Balt support base primarily comes from ethnic Estonians and Jews, but also from some Latvians and Russians.
Labour Party (UK)

The **Labour Party**, often known simply as **Labour**, is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom.

The Labour Party was founded in 1900 as a coalition between trade unionists and various small socialist parties. The party gained political influence shortly before the Great War and, under the leadership of Ramsay MacDonald, emerged as the primary opposition party from 1922 until 1928, when they experienced a significant defeat the hands of the Liberals due to internal divisions with its radical wing, the Independent Labour Party.

Labour is affiliated with the Labour and Socialist International, an organization of moderate social democratic parties opposed to communism.
Iberian Anarchist Federation

The **Iberian Anarchist Federation** (Spanish: *Federación Anarquista Ibérica*; Portuguese: *Federação Anarquista Ibérica*, **FAI**) is a Spanish and Portuguese anarcho-syndicalist organization. It was founded in 1927.

It is composed of the Spanish Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT), and the Portuguese União Anarquista Portuguesa (UAP) and Confederação Geral do Trabalho (CGT). It promotes Pan-Iberianism and supported the Rose Revolution in Portugal.
Battle of Sirte

The **Battle of Sirte** was a major battle that occurred during the Second Italo-Senussi War. Italian forces were defeated by a large combined force of Senussi and Tripolitanian rebels during their offensive towards the town of Sirte. They suffered immense material losses both after a raid on their supply convoy and during their retreat towards Misurata. The defeat mirrored that of the Battle of Gasr Bu Hadi which took place 10 years prior.

The defeat was publicized in the Italian press and severely hurt the reputation of Marshal Pietro Badoglio, governor of Italian North Africa and planner of the Sirte operation.
Giustizia e Libertà

**Giustizia e Libertà** (English: *Justice and Freedom*) is an Italian militant resistance movement opposed to the military regime of Pietro Badoglio. The chief founder and leader is Carlo Rosselli, who established the movement alongside other exiled dissidents in 1930.

The ideology of the movement is based around the personal beliefs of Rosselli, a blend of the classical Italian liberalism of Benedetto Croce and reformist socialism, known as "liberal socialism". Additionally, the movement seeks to replace the monarchy with a decentralized federal democratic republic. Most of the leadership of the movement originates from the Italian Worker's Socialist Party, a reformist socialist party formed in opposition to the Communist Party of Italy. The movement is also closely linked to the Italian Republican Party, as well as the Sardinian Action Party, Lion of Saint Mark and Party of Italian Peasants.
Landtage (Baden-Württemberg)

The **Baden-Württemberger Landtage** (state parliaments) are the unicameral legislatures of the four constituents of Baden-Württemberg. They decide almost all matters on a local level, but are subject to national legislation and decisions made by the Bundestag and the President of the Confederation. They also can be directed and dissolved by their local monarch, except in the case of Hesse which does not have a local monarch and instead has that power exercised by the President of the Confederation. On a national level the *Landtage* are represented in the Bundesrat.
Latvian National Bloc

The **Latvian National Bloc** (Latvian: *Latvijas Nacionālais bloks*, **LNB**) is a conservative nationalist political party in Livonia. It was formed by lawyer Arveds Bergs on 25 May 1921 as a union between various right-wing political organisations. During the ban on political parties, it operated as an underground opposition party, but was allowed to legally operate after restrictions were relaxed in 1925. The party is known for its nationalism, opposition to land reform, and virulent anti-semitism.
East Cologne

**East Cologne** (German:*Ost-Köln,* Ripuarian: *Ost-Kölle)* is a city in the Free Socialist Republic of Germany. It is located on the east bank of the river Rhine and was separated from West Cologne as a result of the terms of the Treaty of Aachen. It is less populated, smaller and less developed than its counterpart in the west due to the city historically beginning its development on the west bank of the Rhine. It primarily consists of the Deutz district, a historical fortress town and river port on the east bank of the Rhine that was incorporated into Cologne in 1888, as well as the former cities of Kalk and Mülheim am Rhein, which were incorporated into Cologne in 1910 and 1914 respectively. When including the west, it is the most populated and important city in the Ripuarian dialect areas. Both the eastern and western portions of the city are remarkable for their extensive fortifications and heavily militarized presence.
Artaman League

**Color(s)** |      Dark blue

The **Artaman League** (German: *Artamanen-Gesellschaft*) is a German agrarian völkisch movement. It advocates for the back-to-the-land movement, in which Germans will abandon city life and return to an agrarian peasant lifestyle, believing it to be both morally superior and a means to colonize Slav-inhabited lands. Strongly nationalist and anti-communist, the Artaman League is active in the Rhenish Republic, where it is strongest, and Baden-Württemberg, but not the Free Socialist Republic of Germany. It is connected to but independent of the various far-right political parties in Germany.
1929 Rhenish general election

**General elections** were held in the Rhenish Republic on 10 November 1929.

The Christian People's Party (CVP) again emerged as the largest party. Despite suffering the transition of some its 1924 voting base to the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and German Conservative Party (DKP), these losses were largely offset by the movement of voters away from the German Centre Party, and the CVP successfully maintained its seat count. The right-wing DKP gained the most, nearly doubling their vote share and winning 14 more seats, largely at the expense of the liberal Democratic Party of Germany (DPD). The SPD also made marginal gains, winning two more seats, while the Rhenish nationalist United Rhenish Movement made similar advances, reflecting a small increase in support for Rhenish separatism. The Centre Party lost more than half their votes and seats, a result that prompted a merge with the CVP in 1930.

The growth of the German nationalist right came in the wake of the May 1925 coup in France, which put in place a right-wing military regime. The ultranationalist sentiments of the French government prompted fears of a loss of autonomy or even outright annexation of the Rhineland, heightened by the annexation without referendum of the neighboring Saar Territory. Although the regime did not end Rhenish parliamentary democracy, it did establish the position of State President, appointed by the Inter-Allied Rhineland High Commission and invested with the power to dissolve parliament. The anti-French position of the DKP provided a political voice for these sentiments, combined with an increasing radicalization of middle class voters amidst economic downturn partially caused by harsher reparations imposed by France.

Adenauer's incumbent minority government was rendered even more untenable by the result, which saw a net loss of 2 seats for the coalition. Still, the threat of an SPD-DPD coalition was dashed by the DPD's poor result, leaving another Adenauer government as the only viable option. Governing with the DKP was considered off limits, while the SPD was considered an undesirable partner. As with the previous election Adenauer turned to the Democratic Party, this time achieving agreeable terms. Adenauer remained State Chancellor, under his first majority government.
Kingdom of Baden-Württemberg

The **Kingdom of Baden-Württemberg** (German: *Königreich Baden-Württemberg*), officially the **Confederation of the Kingdom of Württemberg, the Grand Duchy of Baden and the Principality of Hohenzollern** (German: *Bund des Königreichs Württemberg, des Großherzogtums Baden und des Fürstentums Hohenzollern*), is a country in Central Europe. Politically, it is bordered by France and the Rhenish Republic to the west, the Free Socialist Republic of Germany to the north and east, and Switzerland and the Republic of Austria to the south. Geographically, it borders the Rhine River to the west, the Main River to the north, the Iller River to the east and Lake Constance to the south.

Baden-Württemberg was declared on 11 December 1920 as a political union between the restored monarchies of Baden and Württemberg, as well as the former Prussian Province of Hohenzollern. This came shortly after the end of the Baden-Württemberg Offensive, through which French forces occupied the region as a buffer against the communist Spartacists amidst the German Civil War. It is one of three countries formed from the fall of the German Empire and Weimar Republic, alongside the Rhenish Republic and the Free Socialist Republic of Germany, and is unrecognised by the latter.

## Population

Baden-Württemberg has a population of approximately 6,959,700 people according to the 1931 census.
Crown Dominion of Ireland

The **Crown Dominion of Ireland** is a member state of the British Empire, founded on 3 March 1922 after the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the end of the Anglo-Irish War.

## Bid for Independence

*Main article: Anglo-Irish War*

The crisis over Home Rule was quelled with the beginning of the Great War, but many Irish were dissatisfied with the continuation of the status quo. The Easter Rising in 1916 was an effort on the part of Irish republicans to end British rule that ended in the deaths of many prominent participants, including socialist James Connolly.

When the British government attempted to implement conscription in Ireland in April 1918, Irish nationalists pledged to resist the measure, and a one-day general strike was called.

In the general election at the end of that year, the radical Sinn Féin party gained overwhelming success. However, its elected MPs refused to take their seats in Westminster, and convened a parliament of their own, on 21 January 1919: the First Dáil. The Dáil reaffirmed the 1916 declaration of independence, and proclaimed that there was an "existing state of war, between Ireland and England".

On the same day, the Irish Republican Army (IRA) committed an attack on two officers of the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC). This is widely regarded as the beginning of the Anglo-Irish War.

The IRA made very effective use of flying columns and guerilla warfare, and enjoyed popular support, while the populace was generally hostile towards the RIC and the Blacks and Tans. The war continued until January 1922, when General Nevil Macready conducted a brutal attack on locations in Dublin and Cork believed to be harbouring Sinn Féin and IRA leaders.

The Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed on 3 March, formally ending the war and establishing the Crown Dominion.

## Formation of the Government

With many of Sinn Féin's leaders having perished in the bloody attack, the formation of the new government proved difficult. Michael Collins, the most prominent Sinn Féin leader remaining, was the obvious choice for Prime Minister, and he proposed a coalition with the Labour Party, which had unequivocally supported the republicans during the war after James Larkin had reassumed control in 1920. Sinn Féin became deeply divided over the issue, with the right wing of the party denouncing the coalition and being given only minor posts in the government. However, Collins has managed to hold the party together through his charisma and willingness to compromise.

Every election held in Ireland since has shown strong support for both Sinn Féin and Labour. The Irish trade unions remain a potent force in Irish politics, chiefly the Irish Transport and General Workers Union (ITGWU), also under the leadership of James Larkin. The Irish Labour Party and the Irish Trades Union Congress (ITUC) thus remain closely linked, and retain their commitment to bringing about a socialist Ireland. They are closely monitored by British intelligence.
Countryside Peoples' Crisis Aid (Norway)

The **Countryside Peoples' Crisis Aid** (Norwegian: *Bygdefolkets krisehjelp*, BK) is a Norwegian organization, established in 1931 to combat the effects of the economic crisis on the countryside. The organization does partly political work for relief of more debt, and partly direct action against foreclosures.
Farmers' Party

The **Farmers' Party** (Norwegian: *Bondepartiet*, B/Bp) is an agrarian political party in Norway. Founded in 1920 as a Nordic agrarian party, the Farmers' Party's policy is not based on the major ideologies of the 19th and early 20th century, but is mostly placed on the political right.

Over the recent years, the Farmers' Party have had stronger and stronger connections to the anti-communist Fatherland League.
Labour and Socialist International

**Color(s)** |      Red

The **Labour and Socialist International** (**LSI**; German: *Sozialistische Arbeiter-Internationale*, **SAI**), or the **London International**, is an international organization of social democratic political parties. It is based in the British city of London and is led predominately by the British Labour Party and the Social Democratic Party of Germany. It is the formal successor to the Second International, which was largely rendered defunct by the Great War and the subsequent split between reformists and revolutionaries.

Although it holds a rivalry with the Communist International, an organization of communist parties, its primarily rivalry is with the International Working Union of Socialist Parties (IWUSP), an organization of socialist parties supportive of cooperation with communists. In contrast with the IWUSP, the LSI is vehemently anti-communist and anti-revolutionary and generally supports compromising politically with bourgeois parties. Aside from its distinctly anti-communist and moderate stance, the LSI and its members are generally supportive of colonialism.

 Members
Portuguese Socialist Party

The **Portuguese Socialist Party** (Portuguese: *Partido Socialista Português*) is a Portuguese left-wing political party founded in 1875.

At its foundation, under the leadership of José Fontana, the party was influenced by Proudhonism and rejected revolutionary Marxism. Later the party would move towards Marxism and class struggle under the leadership of Azedo Gneco. His death in 1911 resulted in a number of fractures in the party that would culminate in some of the party splitting away and joining the Portuguese Communist Party in 1919.

The party then drifted between uncertain positions and lost much of its influence to the rising anarcho-syndicalists and communists. Many members of the party supported the liberal First Portuguese Republic, while a vocal dissident minority supported revolutionary activity. After the success of the German Revolution, the revolutionary minority gained influence and shifted the party leftward. The party then began cooperating with the communists. Some reformists in the party joined the Republican Party of the Democratic Left.

When the Rose Revolution erupted in 1931, the party supported the revolutionaries. It has become increasingly close to the communists since then, and there is a significant current within the party that advocates for a merger with the Portuguese Communist Party. It was formerly associated with the Labour and Socialist International, an organization of social democratic anti-communist parties, but was expelled in 1931 due to its support for the revolution.
Kingdom of Afghanistan

The **Kingdom of Afghanistan** (Pashto: د افغانستان واکمنان‎, *Dǝ Afġānistān wākmanān*; Persian: پادشاهي افغانستان‬, *Pādešāhī-ye Afġānistān*) is a constitutional monarchy in southern and central Asia established in 1921 as a successor state to the Emirate of Afghanistan. It was proclaimed by its first king, Amanullah Khan, three years after his accession to the throne as a direct result of Afghanistan's victory over the British Raj in the Third Anglo-Afghani War.

The Kingdom has friendly relations with the Soviet Union and was used as a corridor for Indian Socialists to seek refuge from the British administrators of India.
Xinjiang Clique

**Xinjiang Clique**

1911-Present

 **Warlord** | Yang Zhengxin

The **Xinjiang Clique**(Also romanized as **Sinkiang Clique**) is a Chinese warlord clique in the far western province of Xinjiang. In 1911, the Qing governor of the province fled it during the Xinhai Revolution. During this period, the Yunnanese general Yang Zhengxin took over affairs and kept the Warlord Clique mostly neutral and aligned to whoever controlled Peking.

Xinjiang is known to have an exceptional amount of ethnic and religious minorities including Mongols, Uighurs, Hui Muslims, and other surrounding ethnicitys. Along with Tibet, Xinjiang has been known to be one of the more autonomous regions of China proper.
Congress of People's Deputies

The **Congress of People's Deputies** (German: *Kongress der Volksbeauftragten*, **KdV**) is the upper house of the legislature of the Free Socialist Republic of Germany. It is composed of an unfixed amount of members who are elected by the Congress of Workers' and Soldiers' Councils every time an election is held.

## Structure

The Congress of People's Deputies is composed of two sections: the **Council of People's Ministers** (German: *Volksministerrat*) and the **People's Council** (German: *Volksrat*).

The Council of People's Deputies is composed of the heads of the various ministries in Germany. Some ministries have more than one head. The People's Council is the collective head of state, with the Chairperson and Deputy Chairperson functioning as head of state and head of government respectively in practice. They are joined by a secretary, the president of the Congress of Workers' and Soldiers' Councils, and ten "executive members". When proposing laws and reforms, two-thirds of the congress must approve before it will be passed for a vote to the Congress of Workers' and Soldiers' Councils. Neither the Chairperson nor the Deputy Chairperson is able to veto decisions made by either congress, unless emergency powers are granted by the majority of both congresses in a time of war or major crisis. These powers have never been used.

The composition of the Congress of People's Deputies is directly tied to the will of the Congress of Workers' and Soldiers' Councils. In the vein of soviet democracy, the Congress of Workers' and Soldiers' Councils can recall members of the Congress of People's Deputies through a vote of no confidence at any time. Neither section of the Congress of People's Deputies is permitted to appoint their own members, as they must be elected. The Congress of People's Deputies is, however, allowed to issue recommendations for candidacies. The close ties between the two legislative bodies are also expressed through the dual status of the President of the Congress of Workers' and Soldiers' Councils as a member of the People's Council.

Laws proposed by the Congress of People's Deputies must be approved by the Congress of Workers' and Soldiers' Councils to be enacted. The Congress of Workers' and Soldiers' Councils can also propose legislation on its own, which must be approved by the Congress of People's Deputies under the same grounds as the opposite situation. This is meant to ensure that, from a legislative perspective, both bodies keep each other in check, ostensibly to keep the Congress of People's Deputies from forming a separate social caste.
Latvian Farmers' Union

The **Latvian Farmers' Union** (Latvian: *Latviešu zemnieku savienība*, **LZS**) is an agrarian-conservative regionalist political party in Livonia. It was founded on 12 May 1917, with Kārlis Ulmanis as the first leader. It is one of the two dominant ethnic Latvian political parties, alongside the Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party.

The party played a leading role in the formation of the Republic of Latvia, with Ulmanis leading the provisional government established in 1918. His government was overthrown by the Baltische Landeswehr on 16 April 1919, which would eventually lead to the establishment of Livonia. The German-led government issued a call for the arrest of Ulmanis, but mediation from the British, who had given him refuge aboard a ship, allowed him to escape arrest. Nonetheless, along with all political parties, the LZS was suppressed by the military government until concessions were made in 1925. The party participated in the first elections in 1926, emerging as the second largest party among Balt voters, and gained seats in the 1929 elections.
Democratic Party of Germany

The **Democratic Party of Germany** (German: *Demokratische Partei Deutschlands*, **DPD**) is a liberal political party in the Rhenish Republic. It was formed in 1922 as a merger of the Rhenish branches of the left-liberal German Democratic Party (DDP) and national liberal German People's Party (DVP), uniting German liberalism in a way that had not been seen since the split of the German Progress Party in 1867. Cooperation between the Rhenish branches of the two parties had already occurred earlier with a joint electoral list in Trier and Koblenz in the 1919 election. Unification was not achieved in the neighboring state of Baden-Württemberg, so the DPD maintains ties to both parties.

The party platform advocates liberal economic and social policy, and strongly supports German reunification under a non-communist democratic government. As the party takes no official position on monarchy, some internal factions favor a republic, while others favor a monarchy or stand indifferent on the issue.