recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Croatian Colombians

**Croatian Colombians** are Colombian citizens of full or partial Croatian descent or Croat-born people residing in Colombia. It is estimated that are 5,800 Croatian descendants living in Colombia.

## History

The first Croatian immigration to Colombia began at the second half of the 19th century and the 20th century. Most of the immigrants came from Dalmatia, Slavonia and Lika, while others came from the coastal regions of Hvar and Brač. A notable Croatian manufacturer of strawberries was Ignacio Frezik, who immigrated to Colombia during World War ll fleeing from four concentration camps.

However, most of the Croatian immigrants settled in Bogotá, Barranquilla, Cali, and Medellin. Included are Istro-Romanians, who became adjusted to Colombian society because of the linguistic similarities between Istro-Romanian and Spanish, as well as Latin identity of Istro-Romanians.

## Notable people

* Franco Kanayet Yepes, businessman
* Margareta Restovic Prado, owner of the sugar cane plantation
* Ivo Serniche Kafarel, businessman
* Jorge Pedraza Katich, publicist
* Ignacio Frezik, strawberry producer

## References

1. ↑ "Status of Croatian immigrants and their descendants abroad". Archived from the original on 11 June 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130611064048/http://www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/en/hmiu/status-of-croatian-immigrants-and-their-descendants-abroad/15#. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
2. ↑ "Ignacio Frezik Croatian that flooded Colombia and half of the world with his strawberries". *Croatian World Network*. http://http://www.croatia.org/crown/articles/10545/1/Ignacio-Frezik-Croatian-that-flooded-Colombia-and-half-of-the-world-with-his-strawberries.html?. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
3. ↑ "Ignacio Frezik, el croata que inunda a Colombia y al mundo medio con sus fresas" (in Spanish). http://armandoplata.blogspot.com/2012/12/ignacio-frezik-el-croata-que-inundo.html. Retrieved 11 July 2019.

## External links

* Comunidad Croata en Colombia - Convocatoria para la creación del Hrvatski Dom
* Casa Croata
Argentine Colombians

**Argentine Colombians** or simply **Argentinian Colombians** (Spanish: *Argentino-colombianos)* are Colombian citizens of full, partial, predominately Argentine ancestry or Argentine-born person residing in Colombia. The Argentine culture in Colombia is widely known significant in Medellin, because when Carlos Gardel left his country by plane and when he reached Medellin, The Tango (mainly influenced by Afro-Argentines) was first introduced to Colombia and nowadays they still practice their ancestral culture. There are Argentine restaurants that are found in some cities such as Cartagena, Medellin, and as well as Barranquilla.
Assyrian Colombians

**Assyrian Colombians** refers to Colombians of Assyrian origin. The Assyrian immigration to Colombia first begins after the Assyrian Genocide in the dying days of the Turkish Ottoman Empire. Then later they fled from the Iraq-Iran war. In addition, they not only fled for these reasons, but also fled from persecution religious beliefs.
Turkish Colombians

### Religions

Christianity (Roman Catholicism, Protestantism and Turkish Orthodoxy) · Judaism and Islam

**Turkish Colombians** or **Turks in Colombia** (Turkish: *Türkleri kolombiyalı*) are Turkish people who have immigrated to Colombia. The Turkish community is largely made up of immigrants, or the descendants of immigrants, born in the Ottoman Empire before 1923, in the Republic of Turkey since then, or in neighbouring countries once part of the Ottoman Empire that still have some Turkish population. An estimated number of Turks in Colombia is 60,000.

## History

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Lebanon, Syria, and Palestine were territories that belonged to the Ottoman Empire. Most of the immigrants who fled from the repression of the Turkish Ottoman Empire and financial hardships to Colombia, they were classified as Turks due to their passports being issued by the Ottoman Empire and the majority of these immigrants were primarily Maronite Christians and Muslims. Nonetheless, ethnic Turks from the mainland Ottoman Empire immigrated to Colombia with other immigrants from the Middle East such as Sephardic Jews, Lebanese, Syrians, Palestinians, Armenians, and several Israelis but were not numerous compared to the Arabs who escaped persecution and religious beliefs in larger numbers. Despite this, they quickly integrated into the Colombian society by introducing Turkish culture and language in the country.

## Culture

According to the National University of Colombia, the Turkish language is an academic context for students who are motivated to learn the language.

## References

1. ↑ Viloria De la Hoz, Joaquin (28 October 2006). "Los sirio-libaneses" (in Spanish). semana.com. http://www.semana.com/especiales/articulo/los-sirio-libaneses/81638-3. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
2. ↑ Fawcett de Posada, Louise; Posada Carbó, Eduardo (1992). "En la tierra de las oportunidades: los sirio-libaneses en Colombia". publicaciones.banrepcultural.org. pp. 8–11. https://publicaciones.banrepcultural.org/index.php/boletin\_cultural/article/download/2252/2325. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Leng, Matices. *Cultura y lengua turca: percepciones y dificultades en su aprendizaje*. ISBN 2011-1177. Retrieved on 3 November 2009.
Syrian Colombians

**Syrian Colombians** are Colombian citizens of Syrian descent or a Syrian naturalized Colombian.

## History

The wave of Syrian immigration to Colombia seems to have begun in the 1880s. This was perhaps its peak during the first three decades of this century and declined after 1930, but Syrians, Lebanese and Palestinians continued since then settled in Colombia. Due to the limited information available, it is impossible to know exactly how many Syrians and Lebanese have immigrated into the country. It has been estimated that, during the busiest period (1880-1930), a figure between 5,000 and 10,000 could be reliable. Whatever the figure, there is no doubt that, perhaps next to the Spanish, the Syrian-Lebanese are the largest immigrant group in Colombia since independence.

Those who left their homeland in the Middle East to settle in Colombia were motivated by a variety of reasons: economic, political and religious. The selection of Colombia as a destination obeyed on random occasions and once the process starts, the weak information about the country began to receive those who already had family or friends with some experience in the migratory adventure.

The phenomenon of the Syrian-Lebanese immigration in Colombia is far from unique to the Atlantic coast. In his biographical essay on Gabriel Turbay, Gonzalo Buenahora highlighted the contribution of the Syrian economic development Bucaramanga. Chalelas, Stafis, Korgis, Chedranis, were the trade balance for half a century and their names linked to the steel industry. The establishment of the first factories of buttons and strings, and the importation of the first car that came by mule to Bucaramanga in 1912 were linked to Sino-Lebanese names. Syrian-Lebanese immigrants, and in significant numbers, were established in other cities in the region of Santander, as Ocaña, Barrancabermeja and Cucuta, as in many other towns in the country other than those of the Atlantic coast: Ibagué, Girardot, Honda, Tunja, Villavicencio, Pereira, Soatá, Neiva, Buga, Chaparral or Chinácota. After Barranquilla and Cartagena de Indias, Bogotá stood beside Cali, among cities with the largest number of Arabic-speaking representatives in Colombia in 1945. Some of these immigrants had arrived in the country in the 1890s, others arrived early this century, but a high percentage of them arrived during the 1920s and 1930s.

## Refugees of the Syrian Civil War

Colombia has become a receptor of migrants from Syria. Since the beginning of the Syrian Civil War in 2011, Colombia has accepted all refugee applications that have been filed within the country.
Senegalese Colombians

**Senegalese Colombians** (Spanish: *Senegaleses-colombianos*) are citizens of Colombia of Senegalese ancestry, or Senegal-born person residing in Colombia. During the 16th century, When Africans were first bought to Colombia as slaves and several of them were of Senegalese origin while others were of other African origins. They were imported to work on sugar cane of what was found in the Caribbean regions in the country. They also mined for golds and emeralds that lived in caves and undergrounds. Today, about half of Afro-Colombians are descended from those imported Senegalese people who workered for domestication, agriculture, labor, and as well as plantations.
Belgian Colombians

**Belgian Colombians** (Spanish: *Belga-colombianos*) are Colombian citizens of full or partial Belgian ancestry, or Belgian-born people residing in Colombia.

## History

The first Belgian immigration to Colombia began in the 16th century, when the Netherlands and New Granada (present-day Colombia and Panama) entered in 1517 under the domain of the Spanish empire of Carlos V of Germany or Carlos I of Spain. The connection of the Belgian territory with the Spanish empire lasted until 1714. Carlos favored the flemings with benefits, positions and concessions of colonizing the Americas. However, the flemings participated in an outstanding way as advisors and bankers of the business.

During the 16th and 17th centuries, early Belgian settlements in Colombia existed in Antioquia, Cartagena, Popayán and Santafé. Among of the early settlers was Nicolás de Federmán who was one of the first Belgian founders to be established of the current day Bogotá. Following the 19th century, several Belgian technicians were being placed at different areas to work in private companies by the Colombian government.

In 1882, the Societé Agricole du Sinú was first established as a Belgian and French banker company which devoted to the agricultural profiteering in the department of Córdoba. By 1908, many Belgians began loaning factories in San José de Suaita, an outlandish agroindustrial project that was founded by the Caballero family in Santander.

By 1948, a series of arguments between investors and technical mistakes led to the creation of a Belgian company that worked on liquidation. Today, most of the Flemish surnames or people with Flemish ancestry are highly concentrated in the city of Cartagena.

## References

1. ↑ Boreck, Anne (1997). *Presencia belga en Colombia: ciencia, cultura, tecnología y educación*. Academia, page 47.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Fernando, Luis. "Los belgas" (in Spanish). https://www.semana.com/especiales/articulo/los-belgas/81655-3. Retrieved 28 October 2006.
3. ↑ "Presencia Belgas en Colombia". https://m.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-1579926. Retrieved 20 November 2004.
American Colombians

American Colombians

**American Colombians** refer to Americans who arrive from the US to come down to the South American country as temporarily retired citizens of those temporarily retired businessman.

## History

About 3,000 North Americans arrived in Barranquilla during the late 19th century. By 1958, American immigrants comprised 10% of all immigrants living in Colombia. There are now 30,000–40,000 United States citizens living in Colombia, many of whom are Colombian emigrants to the United States who chose to return to Colombia. The barrios El prado, Paraiso and some others were created by Americans, also schools and universities were built by American architects such as the Universidad del Norte, the American School and many more.

Then enumerated by citizenship, many Americans are from families which emigrated to the United States and then repatriated.
Austrian Colombians

**Austrian Colombians** are Colombian citizens of full or partial Austrian  ancestry, or Austrian-born person residing in Colombia. The first arrival of Austrians was from around the 19th century, where they settled along with the Germans in Santander and as well as other departments in Colombia. Then later into the 20th century, They arrived World War 1 and World War 2 fleeing persecution and religious beliefs to Colombia for a better condition. However, no Austrian institutions have been founded due to a small number of Austrians.
Catalan Colombians

**Catalan Colombians** are Colombian citizens of Catalan descent.

The Catalan community in Colombia, created in 1939 by exiles from the Spanish Civil War, recalls on its official website, that the Sanctuary of Monserrate is an important part of the Catalan heritage in the Colombian capital, as well as in Cartagena de Indias, In front of the Naval Museum of the Caribbean, there is an exact replica of the famous Font de Canaletes , whose legend affirms "that one or one that drinks from its water will go back to Barcelona. The Catalan heritage can also be seen in well-known artists such as Alejandro Obregón. In addition to the "homage to Parc Güell in Barcelona, ​​by the Catalan architect Antoni Gaudí, in the" Zona T "of Bogotá". As well as Catalan Marcellí de Castellví, the founder of the Center for Linguistic and Ethnographic Research of the Colombian Amazon (CILEAC) created in 1933. The community also highlights the centers created in cities such as Bogotá and Cali by Catalan pioneers.

Also the singer Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll, her mother is of Catalan descent. Likewise, renowned singer Lucas Arnau has first-degree Catalan ancestry. On the other hand, the Catalan Community of Colombia was founded in 1939 after many Catalans arrived in the country fleeing the Spanish Civil War. From the Catalan contributions to the Colombian industry we can highlight the creation of Carulla, the supermarket with the most fame and distribution in the Republic and likewise the foundation of the Barraquer ophthalmological clinic.

As for the gastronomy, on the Caribbean Coast of Colombia the butifarra (from the Catalan "botifarra") is very typical and is eaten in different ways. This food has already become widespread throughout the country. The Colombian butifarra is characterized by its quasi-round shape and small size, in addition to being eaten with lemon (optional) and accompanied with cassava bun. They are originally from the Colombian Caribbean Region, more exactly from Soledad, Atlántico and because of that they are called soleiferous sausages .

In Soledad, on the occasion of the patron festivities of San Antonio de Padua, on June 13, the Festival of the Butifarra is celebrated, which takes place over three days and also folkloric festivities, platforms with musical orchestras, dances are held, games of chance, among others.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/europa/que-piensan-los-catalanes-radicados-en-colombia-sobre-la-crisis-en-espana-139086
Afghan Colombians

**Afghan Colombians** are Colombian citizens of full, partial, predominately Afghan ancestry or Afghan-born person residing in Colombia. The Afghan immigration to Colombia is recent which particularly means that they arrived to the country from the 1990s and the late 2000s escaping from religious situations, civil wars and other things that were happening in Afghanistan.
Venezuelan Colombians

**Venezuelan Colombians** (Spanish: *Venezolano-colombianos*) are citizens from Venezuela to Colombia who are escaping mainly due to economic issues, political problems, and crime in Venezuela. This is causing millions of Venezuelans to leave their country to seek better living conditions and are currently receiving help from Colombian authorities. The Venezuelans in Colombia are the largest and number one immigrant groups in the country.

## History

Ever since the 20th century, Colombia formerly had civil wars and social issues in which explains why Colombians left Colombia to Venezuela. However now during the 21st century, it is reversed meaning that Venezuela now has serious problems and they are over Colombia as of nowadays The creation of currency controls and subsidies under Chávez also allowed a business of smuggling to occur across borders.
Indian immigration to Colombia

*This article is about people originating from India. For native ethnic groups of Colombia, also sometimes called "Indians", see Indigenous peoples in Colombia.*

## Indian immigration to Colombia

### Regions with significant populations

Bogotá, Barranquilla, Cartagena, Manizales and Popayán

### Languages

English · Various Indian languages · Colombian Spanish

### Religions

Hinduism · Islam · Sikhism · Roman Catholicism

There is a small community of **Indians in Colombia** who are mainly immigrants from India. It is estimated that are 5,000 people of Indian ancestry living in some cities such as Bogotá, Barranquilla, Cartagena, Manizales and Popayán. Hinduism was first introduced to Colombia with the arrival of Indian immigrants from the Indian subcontinent.

## History

Indians had been migrating to Colombia since the early 20th century, Hindu Muslims settled in the intermediate region of the Cauca River Valley to engage in commercial activity demanded by the new salary of the nascent sugar industry. The immigrants brought diverse products to rural areas, granting credit and accepting barter.

Most of the immigrants were Sikhs from Punjab, India, when colonies in Asia were under the Portuguese Empire. In 1920, a small number of Indian migrants came from Goa, Calcutta, Bombay and Gujarat. Many of them were businessmen, priests and farmers.

## Culture

According to the Embassy of India in Bogotá, the Javeriana University of Bogotá included Indian culture as a mandatory subjects in degree programs. As of 2015, the ICCR donated busts from the Mahatma Gandhi which was installed in the Colombia-India Cultural Center, managed by CINSET.

## Refernces

1. ↑ Overseas Indian Population 2001 . Little India.
2. ↑ Navarrete Pelaz, María Cristina (2017). *Immigrants from East India in the Cauca River Valley*. University of the Valley. ISBN 978-958-765-324-3
3. ↑ Embassy of India in Bogotá
Kih Dhidii

## Kih Dhidii Ookami

Kih Dhidii is Tooey Ookami's future lead dog. He is an Alaskan husky pup who was born during the events of Puppy Palooza. He is Four Spots' littermate and was named by Molly. His name means "first one."

## Personality

Kih is a very playful puppy like his littermates. However, he stands out among them for having a natural curiosity and an eagerness to please his humans. He is a good listener and is eager to learn. He loves playing with his littermate Four Spots and with Suki. His curiosity can sometimes get him into trouble, and Suki has to keep him out of danger.

## Trivia

* In his appearances following "Puppy Palooza," Kih's name is spelled Khi.
Korean Colombians

**Korean Colombians** also known as **Koreans in Colombia** (Spanish: *Coreano-colombianos*, Korean: 한국 콜롬비아 인; *hangug kollombia in*)are Colombian citizens of Korean descent, The Korean community in Colombia is considered the largest Korean population in Latin America.

## Culture

Colombia has not been the exception for the South Korean culture fever of the last decade; k-pop and Korean telenovelas have been media successes. However, in addition to this cultural commodification, the economic presence of South Korea in Colombia has multiplied since the beginning of the century; which has captured the attention of the industrial and financial sectors.

The largest corporate immigration in percentage is the South Korean. Technology giants such as Samsung and LG and automotive companies such as Kia and Hyundai, have mainly expatriated their engineers and executives to live in the country for long periods of time. This is a much smaller community but with a higher income level, a condition that provides opportunities to create a Korean atmosphere far from home. The places where they develop their leisure tend to be more exclusive and less visible, but they are increasingly frequented by Colombians. Its entertainment venues include restaurants and karaoke clubs, mainly in Bogotá, where Koreans and Colombians can enjoy kimbap with soju, sing karaoke or learn to play Badugi.
Arab Colombians

**Arab Colombians** refers to Arab immigrants and their descendants in the Republic of Colombia. Most of the Arab Middle Easterners came from Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, and Palestine escaping from the repression of the Turkish Ottoman Empire and financial hardships. When they were first processed in the ports of Colombia, they were classified as Turks because what is modern day Lebanon, Syria and Palestine was a territory of the Turkish Ottoman Empire. It is estimated that Colombia has a Lebanese population of 700,000.

Most of the Syrian-Lebanese established themselves in the Caribbean Region of Colombia in the towns of Santa Marta, Lorica, Fundación, Aracataca, Ayapel, Calamar, Ciénaga, Cereté, Montería and Barranquilla near the basin of the Magdalena River. They later expanded to other cities and by 1945 there were Arab Middle Easterners moving inland like Ocaña, Cúcuta, Barrancabermeja, Ibagué, Girardot, Honda, Tunja, Villavicencio, Pereira, Soatá, Neiva, Buga, Chaparral and Chinácota. The four major hubs of Arab Middle Eastern population were present in Barranquilla, Cartagena, Bogotá and Cali. Most arrived as members of the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholicchurches, but the majority became Roman Catholic. The number of immigrants entering the country vary from 40,000 to 50,000 in 1945. Most of these immigrants were Christians and others were Muslims.

Many Arabs adapted their names and surnames to the Spanish language as a way to adapt more quickly in the communities where they arrived. For example, of Arab origin are the families Guerra (originally Harb), Domínguez (Ñeca), Durán (Doura), Lara (Larach), Cristo (Salibe) among other surnames.
Portuguese Colombians

**Portuguese Colombians** (Portuguese: *Luso-colombianos*) are Colombian citizens of Portuguese descent or Portuguese-born person residing in Colombia. There has been a historical presence of the Portuguese in Colombia since the 17th century, many of them were missionaries, doctors and craftsmen.

## History

Despite the Portuguese-Spanish Treaty of Tordesillas, the Portuguese were traders, craftsmen, mercenaries and artists. Their luck in the Spanish assigned parts of South America, including in today's Colombia.

Portuguese slave traders were present in Colombia, where they sold slaves from Africa. At this time also a series of words in the everyday language of Colombia, which are of African origin. The place names like Quebrada de Portugal in the district Barranco de Loba in the Departament of Bolívar refer to the presence of Portuguese.

In 1607, the Portuguese physician João Mendes Neto described in Discursos Medicinales the natural medicine that he applied to the Spanish, Portuguese, Blacks and Indians alike The Spanish-language manuscript of Discursos remained unpublished until 1989. Neto came from the Portuguese Miranda do Douro and went after the study of medicine at the Spanish University of Valladolid to South America, where he settled in Cartagena de Indias on the Colombian Caribbean coast.

The Kingdom of Portugal concluded on April 9, 1857 a first trade and shipping treaty with the Republic of New Granada, from which in 1863 developed the United States of Colombia, in 1886 adopted the current name of Colombia.

## Culture

The Portuguese cultural institute Instituto Camões is present in Colombia, in addition to various collaborations, each with a lecture at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia and the private Universidad de los Andes.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1  Fernando Cristóvão (ed.):  *Dicionário Temático da Lusofonia.*  Texto Editores, Lisbon Maputo 2006 ISBN 972-47-2935-4, p. 790.
2. ↑ Fernando Cristóvão (Hrsg.): *Dicionário Temático da Lusofonia.* Texto Editores, Lisbon 2006 ISBN 972-47-2935-4, p. 791.
3. ↑ "Summary of diplomatic relations between Colombia and Portugal" (in Spanish). https://www.bogota.embaixadaportugal.mne.pt/pt/a-embaixada/rela%C3%A3%B5es-bilaterais. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
4. ↑ Overview of Portuguese activities in Colombia
Mestizo Colombians

**Mestizo Colombians** technically refers to Colombians who are of mixed white (mostly Spanish) and American-Indian ancestry. However, due to the fluidity of ethnic categorization common in Latin America, for all practical purposes, it refers to non-white Colombians who do not belong to one of the recognized minority groups in Colombia (Afro-Colombians, Indigenous Colombians, and Romani). Colombians who simply identify with the mainstream Hispanic culture of the nation are usually categorized as Mestizos, regardless of their actual ancestry. As such, this category may include people who are fully of American-Indian descent, as well as those who are mixed with other races. 49% of the population is Mestizo. They constitute the largest ethnic group in the country with a share of 49% or 58% of the whole country.

Miscegenation in Colombia began shortly after the establishment of the first settlers in the territory. It is a direct result of the shortage of European women in some sectors of the kingdom during the conquest, because during the colonial period most European immigrants were male. The Spanish then joined mainly with native women of different ethnic groups. Mestizos are found almost everywhere in the country and is the largest population in Colombia, European contribution being almost exclusively on the paternal side (with indigenous contribution being mostly on the maternal side).

## Numbers and distribution

Mestizo Colombians make up 49% (+23 million) of the Colombian population.

The various racial groups exist in differing concentrations throughout the nation, in a pattern that to some extent goes back to colonial origins. However, they can be found throughout the country, mainly in the Caribbean coast, Orinoquia region, Andean region, and intermediate cities.
Romanian Colombians

**Romanian Colombians** are Colombian citizens of Romanian descent or a Romanian-born person who resides in Colombia. The Romanians in Colombia are not numerous as Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina and Chile. Undoubtedly, given that the country has a very low number of Romanians, immigrants never built institutions and associations. Also, the history of Romanian migration to Colombia is very minor and almost unknown.
Uruguayan Colombians

**Uruguayan Colombians** are people born in Uruguay who live in Colombia, or Colombian-born people of Uruguayan descent.

There are lots of Uruguayan-born persons living in Colombia, for a number of reasons. The two countries, located on opposite points of the South American subcontinent, share the Spanish language; the historical origins of both nations is common (part of the Spanish Empire until the early 19th century).

In the 21st century, Uruguayan entrepreneurs are increasingly arriving in Colombia in search of business opportunities.
Vietnamese Colombians

**Vietnamese Colombians** (Spanish: *Vietnamita-colombianos)* are citizens of Colombia of full, partial, predominately Vietnamese ancestry or Vietnamese-born immigrant in Colombia. The Vietnamese population in Colombia comprises about a thousand people who came from Vietnam, making it into a large community of Vietnamese in Colombia, but with a small number.

## History

Between the years of 1980 and the 2000s, Vietnam had economic situations and other issues, causing its citizens to leave their country and search for a better condition to Colombia. However, their problem was the communication of learning Spanish because when the Vietnamese arrived at some ports in the Caribbean coasts of the country, The Vietnamese language was spoken until they learned the language of Colombia and were finally succeeded to speak with other people in Spanish.

## Culture

There are some Colombians of Vietnamese ancestry who still practice their culture including the Tết (the lunar new year) and prepare their cuisine mainly in some cities where they have Vietnamese restaurants.
Ecuadorian Colombians

**Ecuadorian Colombians** are Colombian citizens of full or partial, predominately Ecuadorian ancestry or a person born in Ecuador residing in Colombia. The numberof the Ecuadorians in Colombia comprises of one of the most significant immigrant groups, despite that Venezuelans are in a million who are escaping their country under crisis.

## History

The history of Colombia and Ecuador is strongly related. Many people of South Colombia (specially, the Nariño, Putumayo and Cauca Departments) share traditions with the Ecuadorian people. This has led to migration between both countries. Many Ecuadorians have come to the major cities of Colombia (Bogotá, Medellin, Cali, Bucaramanga) as merchants.
Armenian Colombians

**Armenian Colombians** are Colombian citizens of full or partial Armenian ancestry, or Armenian-born person residing in Colombia. The Armenian population in the country forms the smallest Armenian diaspora in Latin America. Most of them came from the Middle East (Syria, Lebanon, Iran, Egypt and Turkey), Greece and Russia as a result of the Hamidian Massacres.

## History

Most Armenian immigrants in Colombia settled in a city that was founded in 1889 by Jesús María Ocampo, which became the present-day "Armenia". The city received its name in honor of recognition to Armenians murdered by the Turkish Ottomans in the Hamidian Massacres from 1894 to 1897 and later the Armenian Genocide.

Between 1938 and 1941, many ethnic Armenians from the Middle East (Syria, Lebanon, Iran, Egypt and Turkey), the Soviet Union, and Greece came to Colombia because of the Second World War. Once in Colombia, Armenian immigrants began to lose their surnames, but they retained their first names. The city had recognized the Armenian Genocide. In 1954, the Armenian Catholic bishop Cyril Zohrabian visited Colombia and stated that the first Armenian immigrant in Colombia named Hovhannesov came from Russia and settled in the country 20 years before.

According to the The Municipal Institute of Culture of Armenia, the news from the Armenian Genocide perpetrated by the Turks in a region of Bessarabia called Armenia and the existence of a farm with the same denomination made villagers prefer the name of Armenia.

## See also

* Armenian-Colombian relations
* Armenian diaspora

## References

1. ↑ Armenian population in the world
2. ↑ Sputnik, Laura Sargsyan. "Կոլումբիացիները դարեր շարունակ շնորհակալություն են հայտնել հայերին" (in Armenian). https://armeniasputnik.am/exclusive/20170802/8151752/armenia-kolubia-surj.html. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
3. ↑ Sassounian, Harut. "Turkish Anti-Armenian Lobbying Extends to City of Armenia in Colombia". armenianweekly.com. https://armenianweekly.com/2019/07/16/turkish-anti-armenian-lobbying-extends-to-city-of-armenia-in-colombia. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
4. ↑ Vahe Harutyunyan. "լատինական Ամերիկայի հայեր". https://aparaj.am/new/. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Klaus L. Hazarian. "El nombre Armenia en Colombia". soyarmenio.com. https://www.soyarmenio.com.ar/2014/01/el-nombre-armenia-en-colombia-por.html. Retrieved 29 January 2014.

## Further reading

* Armenia, *The New Encyclopaedia Britannica*, 15th edition, vol. I, Chicago, 1987, p.565.
* Alfonso Toro Patiño, *El Quindío*. *Historical and socio-economic profile*, Bogotá, 1966, p.65.
* Zavén Sabundjián, *Monument to the Armenian martyrs in the city of Armenia in Colombia*, Oshagán Aleppo, December 1983, p.28.
* Armenia, *Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia*, vol. 2, Yerevan, 1975, p. 94 (in Armenian).
* Hovhannés Babesián, Encyclopedia. *Compendium of useful knowledge*, Beirut, 1961, p. 15 (in Armenian).

## External links

* El nombre Armenia en Colombia
* Tigran Ghanalanyan, Armenian Protestant communities in South America, http://noravank.am/eng/issues/detail.php?ELEMENT\_ID=5722
Greek Colombians

**Greek Colombians** (Greek: Ελληνοκολομβιανή, Spanish: *Griego-colombianos*) are Colombian citizens of Greek descent or Greek-born people residing in Colombia. They are located in Bogotá, Barranquilla, Cali, Cartagena, and Manizales.

## History

The first Greek immigration to Colombia began from 1920 to 1930, while others came after the Second World War because of hardships in Europe. Among the first Greek immigrant to arrive in Colombia was Spyridon Galakatos, an engineer of Cephalonian origin. Most of them came from Smyrna, Crete, Peloponnese, and Cyprus. Included are Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians, who became adjusted to Colombian society because of the linguistic similarities between Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian, and Spanish, as well as Latin identity of Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians. Greek immigrants in Colombia introduced products from Greece, including olive oils and olives.

From 1980 to 1990, many Greeks escaped Colombia during the years of insecurity caused by Pablo Escobar's war on drugs. After 1990 when Colombia became more of a secured nation and began to have good economic results, all Greeks returned and started doing innovative businesses.

## Culture

Balalaika, the largest underwear companies that is located in Medellin and is owned by Takis Bersis, which is currently open in all markets and shopping centers throughout the nation.

Spiros Kongas is another example of Greek entrepreneurship in Colombia. he decided to create Greek sugar cookies (kourambiethes) well known in Colombia. His company, called "EL Greco", is a manufacturer of sweets that among other products produces kourambiethes that can be found in all supermarkets.

## Notable people

* Spiros Stathoulopoulos, film director who directed the film PVC-1 in 2007 and Meteora in 2012.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 https://world.greekreporter.com/2012/08/04/greeks-in-colombia-immigrants-for-love-and-love-for-entrepreneurism
2. ↑ Katsanis, Christos. "Χρήστος Κατσάνος: Κεφαλονίτης και Λατινική Αμερική" (in Greek). kefalonitis.com. https://kefalonitis.com/news/item/33453-xristos-katsanis-kefallonites-kai-latiniki-ameriki-meros-deytero.html. Retrieved April 21, 2015.

## External links

* Bilateral relations between Greece and Colombia
Egyptian Colombians

**Egyptian Colombians** are Colombian citizens of full or partial, predominately Egyptian ancestry, or Egyptian-born immigrant in Colombia. The Egyptian community in Colombia is small compared to when other Arabs coming from Lebanon, Syria, and Palestine were escaping from the Turkish Ottoman empire and whereas they came in larger numbers.
Jamaican Colombians

### Religions

Predominantly Protestantism. Some adherents of Catholicism, Islam, and other faiths.

**Jamaican Colombians** (Spanish: *Jamaicano-colombianos*) are Colombian citizens of full or partial, Jamaican ancestry or a Jamaican-born person residing in Colombia.

## History

The Jamaican presence on the islands of San Andrés and Providencia is explained by the intertwining of the slave trade routes to San Andrés through Jamaica. In this context, it is observed that the island of Providencia began its settlement from 1788, when a Scottish captain named Francis Archbold was established, dedicated to the slave trade between West Africa and Jamaica. The captain settled in the company of ten white crewmembers and twelve negroes of African and Jamaican origin. After a couple of decades in 1813, the arrival of three hundred settlers from Jamaica who worked in agriculture was recorded. It is from this largely British group that the English language and culture that migrated to San Andrés.
Polish Colombians

Polish Colombians
 Roman Catholicism and Judaism

**Polish Colombians** (Spanish: *Polaco-colombianos*) are Colombian citizens of full or partial Polish ancestry, or Polish-born people residing in Colombia. The Polish population in Colombia is considered to be the third largest Polish populations in South America behind Brazil (1 to 3 million) and Argentina (500,000).

## History

The first Polish immigrant to arrive in Colombia was Estanislao Zawadzki, who was the son of Szymon Zawadzki and Balbina Broniska. In 1830, his family was removed from their land property by the Russian authorities and began with a very difficult time of emigrating to France, Switzerland, and Belgium for the members. In 1846, Estanislao immigrated to Colombia for the invitation from General Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera.

The Polish engineer created roads and railways in Popayán, Cali, Buenaventura and Tumaco which dedicated to the opening of economic development. From 1908 to 1928, ethnic Poles immigrated to Colombia with Russian passports since Poland was under the Russian government and were classified as "Russians".

Between 1930–1940, Polish citizens of Jewish origin fled from Nazi persecution of Poland and from economic difficulties of the war. Most Poles settled in the port of Barranquilla.

During World War ll, Poland had been attacked and persecuted by Nazi Germany, which forced Polish citizens of Jewish origin to leave their homeland country and seek better conditions. Most Poles chose countries where immigration was most welcoming, as Canada, Argentina, the United States, Brazil and Uruguay received the highest concentration of Poles in the Americas. On the other hand, Colombia only received a few thousand Poles because the country itself had civil wars, political instability, Pablo Escobar's war on drugs and terrorism called FARC, which made Colombia an unattractive destination for European immigrants.

## Notable Polish Colombians

* Pawel Nowicki, theater director
* Bogdan Piotrowski, Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy and Humanities of the University of the Savanna
* Maciej Zenkiewicz, research Professor at the Universidad Externado de Colombia
* Jonathan Werpajoski, football player
* Stella Márquez, beauty queen and Miss Colombia of 1959.

## References

1. ↑ Polacos en Colombia
2. ↑ "Diáspora Polaca". https://www.slideshare.net/siltomc/dispora-polaca. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
3. ↑ Giraldo, Luz. *Inmigrantes, desplazados y exiliados en la literatura colombiana* (in Spanish). Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
4. ↑ Nora Orlowska. *Polacos en America Latina. Tomo Volume I* (PDF), University of Gdansk.
KBLZ

KBLZ (95.3 MHz, **"Z95"**) is a radio station in Univesal City, Texas. Serving the San Antonio metropolitan area, it broadcasts a Rhythmic Contemporary format. Owned by Sol Media, its studios are located in Downtown San Antonio and its transmitter is in the unincorporated Bexar County near Government Canyon Park.
Serbian Colombians

Serbian Colombians

**Serbian Colombians** are Colombian citizens of Serbian descent, or Serbian-born person residing in Colombia.

## Culture

There is a Serbian consulate in Bogota as well as a Serbian restaurant called Belgrade, led by Mrs. Katarina Markovic. In the small town of Belo, the suburb of Medellin is active the Orthodox Patriarchal Serbian Church in Colombia led by the monk Simeon. Famous Serbs in Colombia are actress Heraldin Zivic as well as twins, models and photo-models Marijana and Kamila Mladenovic Davalos.
KKTX

KKTX (870 kHz, **"870/104.3 The Fan"**) is a radio station in San Antonio, Texas. Serving the San Antonio metropolitan area, it broadcasts a Sports format. Owned by Sol Media, its studios are located in Downtown San Antonio and its transmitter is on Eisenhauer Road in San Antonio.

KKTX also broadcasts on its translator K296HL.
Viktor

## Viktor

### Title(s)

His Grace The 16th Duke of Hamilton and BrandonEarl of Angus

Earl of Lanark

Earl of Arran and Cambridge

Lord Abernethy and Jedburgh Forest

Lord Machanshyre and Polmont

Lord Aven and Innerdale in the Peerage of Scotland

Duke of Brandon and Baron Dutton, in the Peerage of Great Britain.

## Relatives

### Sibling(s)

• John William Douglas-Hamilton (brother)

### Spouse(s)

• Sofia Ann (née.Rutherford) (wife, 2010-)

### Children

• Valetine Rosse (son)• Charles Douglas Douglas-Hamilton (son)

• William Frederick Douglas-Hamilton (son)

• Basil George Douglas-Hamilton (son)

## Realitionships

### Lovers

• Charles Albert Grey (1998-)• Marry Rosse (2000-2002)

• Lucas (2003-2008)
Angolan Colombians

**Angolan Colombians** are citizens of Colombia of Angolan descent, or a person born in Angola becoming a naturalized citizen in Colombia. Most of the population of Angolans in Colombia are a small community but they are significant due to a large number of Afro-Colombians having distant roots from Angola.
Hungarian Colombians

**Hungarian Colombians** are Colombian citizens of full or partial Hungarian ancestry, or Hungarian-born person residing in Colombia.

## History

The most well-known Hungarian immigrants in Colombia are the villas, who fled their country of origin due to the pressure that came from the Soviet Union. Other Hungarian immigrants who arrived in Colombia were Gyorgy Villas and Erzebet Karaszi, who undertook the 'Usodimare' in Venice, Italy, with hundreds of Hungarians fleeing the repressive power of the Russian empire. After going through a bad expedition on January 18, 1957, Gyorgy Villas was recognized by Colombian citizens who later became known as Jorge and started cooking pork rinds in Bogotá.

## References

1. ↑ "Húngaros en Colombia". https://www.elespectador.com/impreso/articuloimpreso98655-los-refugiados-de-guerra. Retrieved 18 December 2008.
Valetine

### Sibling(s)

• Charles Douglas-Hamilton (half-brother)• William Douglas-Hamilton (half-brother)

• Basil Douglas-Hamilton (half-brother)

### Other relatives

• John Douglas-Hamilton (uncle)• Angus Douglas-Hamilton (grandfather)

• Sarah Jane Douglas-Hamilton (grandmother)

## Realitionships

### Lovers

• Francis (Eton College best friend, first lover)• Little Phipps (Eton College friend)

• Egon (Eton College friend)

• Ernst (co-worker)
Radio Fiction Wiki

## Welcome to the Wiki

Welcome to the wiki. We’re a collaborative community website about your topic that anyone, including you, can edit. Click the edit button at the top of any page to get started!

## Describe your topic

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Volkenstain Family

## Members of the Volkenstain family

* Fridrich Xaver Henrich III von Volkenstain (1960 -)
* Johana Marie von Volkenstain (née?, married to Fridrich (1964-2003)
* Dietrich Egon von Volkenstain (1985 -)
* Heidi von Volkenstain (née?, married to Dietrich (1986-)
* Ludwig von Volkenstain (2005 -)
* Felix von Volkenstain (2009 -)
* Oscar von Volkenstain (2014 -)

## People connected to Volkenstain family

### Dietrich's friends

* Hanf Hoffman
* Ben
* Tobias
Czech Colombians

**Czech Colombians** are Colombian citizens of full or partial Czech ancestry. Most of the Czech immigrants originated from the Czech lands or succession states, now known as Czech Republic.

## History

The first Czech immigration to Colombia began in the colonial era, during the missionary of Czech jesuits. From 1860 to 1870, Czech botantist Benedikt Roezl founded the cycad plant Zamia roezlii on the Pacific coast of Colombia. During the construction of the Bogotá brewery, there have been two Czech experts in beer production, Bedřich Stříbrný and František Haramul. The initiative to build the brewery came from Rudolf Kohn, who was a Czech native in Colombia.

Until World War 1, several jesuits, farmers, and missionaries escaped persecution reasons and began their settlements in Bogotá, Barranquilla, Cali, Medellin, Cartagena, Cúcuta, and Manizales. But the most preferred destinations for the immigrants were Argentina, Brazil, Canada and the United States were countries that received a mass number of Czechs from the former Czechoslovakia. The second one was during World War 2, in spite of fleeing from Nazi regime of Czechoslovakia. Nonetheless, the current Czech community in Colombia is small but there are few cities in the country where Czech catholic churches have been established by those immigrants.

## References

1. ↑ "Předseda vlády M. Topolánek v Kolumbii pozval prezidenta A.Uriba na návštěvu ČR" (in Czech). Vláda České republiky (Czech Government - official website). http://www.vlada.cz/cz/media-centrum/aktualne/predseda-vlady-m--topolanek-v-kolumbii-pozval-prezidenta-a-uriba-na-navstevu-cr-35211/. Retrieved 2009-05-13.
Colombians of different heritages Wiki

About Colombians of different heritages
On this wiki page website, you will explore and learn about Colombians who of either European, Middle Easterner, Asian, African, or from another countries in the Americas.

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Iranian Colombians

**Iranian Colombians** (Spanish: *Iraníes-colombianos*) are Colombian citizens of full or partial Iranian ancestry, or Iranian-born person residing in Colombia. The Iranian diaspora in Colombia is one of the newest and recent immigrants arriving from the Middle East, although Iran is not considered an Arab country. The first Iranians to arrive in Colombia occurred in the late 1990s, fleeing from the Iran-Iraq war and arriving to the nation with 100 Persian families.
Sao Paulo

## States

State (Capital)

* Capital (Sao Paulo)
* Santos (Santos)
* Paraiba (Sao Jose dos Campos)
* Minas (Pouso Alegre)
* Jaguari (Campinas)
* Piracicaba (Piracicaba)
* Moji-Guacu (Sao Carlos)
* Tiete (Sao Jose do Rio Preto)
* Rio Grand (Ribeirao Preto)

## Municipalities

### Major Cities

* Campinas
* Sorocaba
* Jundiai
* Ribeirao Preto
* Sao Jose dos Campos
* Santos

### Minor Cities

* Sao Jose de Rio Preto
* Franca
* Pocos de Caldas
* Pouso Alegre
* Guaratingueta
* Taubate
* Itu
* Itapetininga
* Indaiatuba
* Americana
* Piracicaba
* Araras
* Limeira
* Rio Claro
* Mogi-Guacu
* Atibaia
* Braganca Paulista
* Sao Joao da Boa Vista
* Sao Carlos
* Araraquara

### Towns

* Fernandopolis
* Votuparanga
* Matao
* Catanduva
* Jaboticabal
* Barretos
* Sao Sebastiao do Paraiso
* Sao Jose do Rio Pardo
* Mococa
* Porto Ferreira
* Pirassununga
* Jau
* Amparo
* Itatiba
* Caraguatatuba
* Cruzeiro
Luddy

### Spouse(s)

• Edward (ex-boyfried, 2023-2026)• Miranda (ex-wife, 2034-2035 • Abel Szczepkowski (boyfriend, 2036-)

### Other relatives

• Fridrich von Volkenstain (grandfather)• Johana von Volkenstain † (grandmother)

## Realitionships

### Lovers

• Little Phipps (crush, 2032- 2033)• Sebastian Michaelis (idol, close friend)

• Edmund Cheslock (Eton College friend)

• Tobias (his father's friend )

• Ben (his father's friend )

• Lavi (personal agent)

• Ludwig Käßmayer

• Gilbert Hartmann

• Krampush (Grzegorz) Szczepkowski

• Lamia Szczepkowska

• Lewis Phipps

• David (porn director)

• Frederick

• Wolf

• Ema Müler

• too many others whose names we don't know
Sebastian

## Relatives

### Father

•unknown• Krampush (Grzegorz) Szczepkowski (adoptive father)

### Mother

•Sarah Michaelis †• Lamia Szczepkowska (adoptive mother)

### Sibling(s)

•Lev Michaelis•Uzza (step-brother)

•Adam Szczepkowski (step-brother)

•Abel Szczepkowski (step-brother)

•Stanisław Szczepkowski (step-brother)

•Tomasz Szczepkowski (step-brother)

•Ewa Szczepkowska (step-sister)

•Maria Szczepkowska (step-sister)

•Krzysztof Szczepkowski (step-brother)

•Sarah Szczepkowska (step-sarah)

### Other relatives

• Judith Michaelis (grandmother)• Amon Michaelis (grandfather)

## Realitionships

### Lovers

• Ludwig von Volkenstain• Gilbert Hartmann

• Adam Szczepkowski

### Friends

• Uzza• Wojciech

• Diedrich (Dee) Egon von Volkenstain

• Vincent

• Gilbert Hartmann

• Ludwig Käßmayer

• Karl

• Mark

• Kristian

• Erich

• Florian

• Horst

• Johaness
Lewis

## Relatives

### Sibling(s)

• Christopher Phipps (brother)• Clark Phipps (brother)

### Other relatives

• Charles Phipps (nephew)• Amelia Phipps (niece)

• Anabell Elisabeth Phipps (niece)

• Caroline Gabrielle Phipps (niece)

• Albert Lewis Phipps (niece)

• Alexander Grey-Phipps (son of his nephew)

## Realitionships

### Lovers

• David (first lover)• Matthew's mother

• Vincent

• Lamia Szczepkowska

• Francis

• Ludwig Volkenstain

• John Douglas-Hamilton

• Henry

• too many other lovers whose names we don't know
Albert Andrew

## Relatives

### Children

• Lewis Phipps (son)• Christopher Phipps (son)

• Clark Phipps (son)

### Other relatives

• Charles Phipps (grandson)• Amelia Phipps (granddaughter)

• Anabell Elisabeth Phipps (granddaughter)

• Caroline Gabrielle Phipps (granddaughter)

• Albert Lewis Phipps (granddaughter)

• Alexander Grey-Phipps (great-grandson)

## Realitionships

### Friends

• Charles Henry Grey ("french club")• Cedrik ("french club")

• Francois ("french club")

• Agnus Alan Douglas-Hamilton

• Grace