开关控制.负载时间表控制.应用

**以下译文来自122-31-罗昂**

COURSE DESCRIPTION
This course, in two parts, describes thebenefits,theory of operation and construction of load scheduling (also called time-based or time-sweep) control systems.Load Scheduling Control, Part 2: Application provides knowledge about application of load scheduling (also called time-based or time-sweep control) control systems.
课程简介

```
   本课程分为两部分,描述了负载调度(也称为基于时间或时间扫描控制)控制系统在操作原理和结构上的优势。第2部分负载调度控制:应用程序提供了关于负载调度(也称为基于时间或时间扫描控制)的控制系统的知识。

```

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the course, participants will be able to:
• define the basic steps in developing a schedule-based control system design.
• select stand-alone versus networked panels as well as centralized versus distributed control from a basis of greater knowledge.
• zone lighting to controllers to satisfy commercial building energy based on the International Energy Conservation Code and ASHRAE/IES 90.1 energy standards.
• recognize typical documentation related to a finished schedule-based control system design, including single-line riser diagram, placement of devices on the reflected ceiling plan, relay schedule and product specifications.
学习目标
在课程结束时,学员们能够：
• 了解开发一种以计划为基础的控制系统设计的基本步骤.
• 深入了解独立与网络面板以及集中式与分布式控制的基础知识.
• 控制区域照明,以满足商业建筑的国际节能标准IES 90.1。
• 理解标准的关于完成进度控制相关的系统设计的文档，包括单排管图，设备在吊顶布置位置，继电器计划和产品规格。
THINKING BEYOND CODE
Additional opportunities to save energy exist beyond energy codes, which are really minimum construction standards.
For example, if the lighting is circuited for bi-level switching, we could program select lighting loads to shut off during peak demand periods and thereby reduce energy costs and demand charges.
超越代码的思维

```
   使用更多能源法规之外节省能源的机会,这才是真正最低的建设标准。例如,如果照明是双层切换电路,我们可以计划在电高峰时期选择关闭照明负载,从而减少能源成本和费用的需求。
THINKING BEYOND CODE

```

If usable daylight enters the space, we could circuit perimeter lighting fixtures parallel to the windows, place photosensors and establish one or more zones with either dimming or switching occurring automatically in response to ongoing daylight contributions to light levels. This building has two daylight dimming zones, adjacent to the windows, that are independently controlled by photosensors.
超越代码的思维

```
   如果可用的自然光能够进入空间，我们可以将周边灯具做成环路平行于窗口，放置光电传感器，设置一个或多个区域通过调光或自动开关的方式来应对持续日光对光水平的贡献。这个建筑靠近窗户处有两个白天调光区,由光电传感器独立控制。

```

OUTDOOR LIGHTING CONTROL
With varying exceptions and rules, energy codes require that outdoor lighting be automated via an astronomical time switch, photosensor, or both. Time-clocks automatically switch outdoor lights based on the desired schedule. Electronic time-clocks and panel-integral time-clocks allow detailed programming years in advance, and use an astronomical feature to automatically adjust the schedule for changing sunrise-sunset times, daylight savings and leap year.
户外照明控制

```
   由于变化的的情况和规则，能源法规要求户外照明经由天文定时器或光电传感器来控制，或两者同时控制开关。时钟控制会根据预设的时间表来自动控制开关。电子时钟和面板积分时钟的实现使得多年的详细规划提前，并使用一个天文功能来自动调节改变日出日落时间，夏令时和闰年的时间表。

```

OUTDOOR LIGHTING CONTROL
Photosensors measure ambient light level outside and activate or deactivate exterior lights when the light level reaches a target threshold.
Security area lighting, for example, should be controlled on a dusk-to-dawn schedule.
户外照明控制

```
   光传感器除测量环境照度之外，还可在光通量达到目标阈值时激活或停用外部灯光。

```

安全区域照明，例如，应该由黄昏到黎明的时间表来控制。
OUTDOOR LIGHTING CONTROL
General lighting, meanwhile, can be turned on during the evening and shut off later at night when the area is not occupied or otherwise not in use.
户外照明控制
普通照明可以同时在晚上开启，或者当这个区域不使用时关闭。
THE RELAY SCHEDULE
The relay schedule (shown here is a typical blank schedule from one manufacturer) lists the relays in a panel, showing relay numbers, circuits, schedule and all connected control devices for each relay, along with any special requirements for controlling emergency circuits and interfacing with a BAS. The schedule also functions as a materials list for manufacturers requested to bid on the project. Proper completion of this step can help ensure trouble-free installation. Changing time schedules after installation should be made easy. Be sure to size the panel allowing for future expansion.
继电器计划表

```
   继电器计划表(这里显示是一个制造商典型的空白时间)在面板中列出了继电器,显示数字电路,时间表和每个继电器连接的所有控制装置,以及任何用BAS控制应急电路和接口的特殊要求。该计划表也可以用作投标项目厂家的材料清单。这一步的完善有助于确保用户无故障的安装。安装完成后更改时间表将更加容易。为满足未来的扩张要确认面板留有一定的尺寸。

```

TYPICAL OFFICE APPLICATION
17:45 … Time clock contact opens, system blink command notifies occupants (maintained NO w/blink), 15-minuteblink countdown timer begins.
17:57 … Occupant hits override input (programmed for 2 hours).
19:57 … Input timer expires, system blinks, 15-minute blink countdown begins.
20:12 … Lights off.
典型的办公应用
17:45……打卡钟触点打开，系统闪烁命令通知员工（维持NO w /闪烁），15分钟闪烁倒计时开始。
17:57……操作者点击重写输入（程序耗时2小时）。
19点57分……输入定时器到点时，系统开始倒计时15分钟闪烁。
20:12……关灯。
TYPICAL INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
11:45 … Time-clock’s HIGH/LOW contact opens.
11:45 … Fixture goes to low level notifying occupant of impending off.
11:46 … Occupant overrides the fixture HIGH and begins countdown of two hours.
13:46 … Time-clock contacts open, system goes to LOW and then, after two hours, to off.
典型的工业应用
11:45…时钟的高/低触点开关。
11:45…提醒操作者低电平即将到来的固定装置。
11:46 …操作者将覆盖固定装置高电平，并开始两小时倒计时。
13:46 …时钟触点打开，系统运行到低电平，然后在两个小时后关闭。
TYPICAL EGRESS EXAMPLE
Sundown … Photocell closes, access closed; parking lot lights turn on.
20:15 … Store closes, manager arms security system and leaves; 15-minute “delay no blink” countdown timer begins.
20:30 … Parking lot lights switch off.
典型的外出例子
日落…光电管关闭,访问关闭;停车场灯光打开。
20:15 …商店关闭,经理打开安全保障系统，然后离开，15分钟的“延迟不闪烁”倒数计时器开始。
20:30 …停车场的灯关掉。
EMERGENCY LIGHTING
It is essential that the building’s emergency lighting will not be switched according to the implemented lighting schedules, but instead operate continuously, as in the case of exit signs, or when needed during a power failure, as in the case of emergency units. In planning the layout of your lighting controls, make it obvious which lights should not be shut off, and pay special attention to exit path lighting. You should always leave an exit path lighted, regardless of the occupancy schedule. Indicate in a paragraph attached to the relay panel schedule special requirements for emergency circuits.
应急照明

```
   至关重要的是大楼的应急照明将不会根据所实施的照明时间表切换，作为出口标志情况下，或在电源故障期间需要时，又或在应急装置情况下是要一直运行的。在规划你的照明控制的布局时，让不需要关闭的灯突显一些，并要特别注意安全通道的照明。你应该让安全通道的灯常亮，不用理会占用时间表。说明每一段连接到应急电路的继电器面板电路的特殊要求。

```

**以下部分译文来自122-16-赵阳**

EMERGENCY LIGHTING
Some control panels compartmentalize emergency lighting circuits to ensure they will receive power during a power failure and will operate when needed. Relays can be specified with normally-closed contacts to ensure continuation of electrical contact to supply power from a backup power source during a primary power failure. Special emergency lighting remotely operated circuit breakers are also available. To verify your requirements, refer to the Life Safety Code, NFPA 101, as well as your state and local regulations and fire codes.

应急照明

```
   一些控制面板划分出应急照明电路，以确保他们能够在电源故障时能接通电源，并在需要时能够操作。继电器可以采用常闭触点方式，以确保在主电源失效时，在备用电源供电过程中保持持续的电接触。远程操作断路器也可提供特别应急照明。为了核实您的要求，请参阅生命安全法规，NFPA101，以及你的国家和地方法规和消防规范。

```

BUILDING AUTOMATION
Some lighting control systems can handle HVAC, service water heater and motor loads, which may provide additional control opportunities if a lighting control panel will have unused inputs/outputs. In this case, the panel can be extended to provide many of the functions required in ASHRAE 90.1 Section 6.4, such as automatic shutoff of HVAC systems (6.4.3.2.1) and dampers (6.4.3.3.3).
楼宇自动化

```
   一些照明控制系统可以处理高压交电流,服务热水器和电动机负载，如果照明控制面板有未使用的输入/输出，它可以提供额外的控制机会。在这种情况下，面板可以被扩展并提供许多在ASHRAE90.16.4节中提到的所需要的功能，如HVAC系统的自动关闭（6.4.3.2.1）和阻尼器（6.4.3.3.3）。

```

BUILDING AUTOMATION
For the lighting control system to be able to communicate with the BAS, a common language is needed. The most popular are BACnet, LonWorks and Modbus.
Devices designed according to these protocols can interact seamlessly with similarly designed devices.
For example, a gateway provides a straightforward way to link this LonWorks-based control system with this BACnet-based control system.
楼宇自动化

```
   照明控制系统能够与BAS通信,但需要一个共同的语言。最受欢迎的是BACnet,LonWorks网络通讯协议。设备根据这些协议可以无缝地与类似交互设计的设备通信。例如,一个网关提供了一种简单的方法来连接BACnet-based 控制系统和LonWorks-based控制系统。

```

SINGLE-LINE RISER DIAGRAM
The next step in designing a lighting control system is to complete the single-line diagram. This block diagram functions as a map for the system layout, displaying the interconnections between the control panels as well as the connections to each panel from inputs such as time-clocks, photosensors, etc. The installer uses the diagram to determine wire runs and connections for systems involving multiple lighting control panels.
单线管图

```
   在设计照明控制系统中，下一步是完成单线管图。此框图是用作系统布局图来显示控制面板之间的互联以及每个面板的连接的输入，如时钟，光电传感器等等。这个程序使用图表来确定多个照明控制系统的连接线路。

```

WRITTEN SPECIFICATIONS
Written specifications provide an exact description of the features and functionality of products selected for the project. Manufacturers typically provide general specifications that are often edited by the specifier to ensure the product meets the specific project requirements.
书面规范

```
   书面规范提供了选择项目的特点和产品功能的详细描述。制造商通常提供常规的规格，再由编辑说明产品保证符合特定项目的要求。

```

WRITTEN SPECIFICATIONS
The control panel must include a sufficient number of control outputs to match the loads and anticipated future needs. The panel may be specified with an internal time-clock (main panel) or without one (expansion panel). The type of circuit must be accommodated—e.g., 20A or larger. Some panels enable mixing dimming modules and switching relays; others include breakers so that the lighting control panel replaces the lighting distribution panel. The panel can be specified with various types of accessory inputs such as photosensors, switches, etc. All products should be UL-listed and supplied by a reputable manufacturer.
书面规范

```
   控制面板必须满足足够数量的控制输出与负载和预期的未来需求。面板可以指定一个内部时钟控制(主面板)或不指定任何一个面板(扩充)。电路必须容纳20A或更大的负载。一些面板使调光模块和开关继电器混合;另一些涵括了断路器,这样使照明控制面板取代了照明配电板。该面板可被指定与各种类型的附件输入相匹配，诸如光传感器，指定开关等。所有产品应该符合UL标准,且由有信誉的制造商提供。

```

WRITTEN SPECIFICATIONS
Below is a punch list for specifying a low-voltage load-scheduling control system.
Determine controlled spaces (zones) Generally, the more defined, the better the savings.
Ensure loads are clearly defined Load types, zoning, load schedules shall be indicated on drawings.
Specify design intent Describe switching strategy with zoning, scheduling, override functions, interrelationships with other building management systems, and equipment selection.
Specify scheduling and switching settings Drawings shall include scheduling for each zone/circuit and override time delays. Local switch type and functions shall be provided (scenes, channels).
Include acceptance testing in specification Provide the installer a step-by-step testing procedure with punch list to ensure owner receives a fully functioning system.
书面规范
下面是一个用于指定低压负载编制控制系统的列表。
确定控制空间（区） 一般情况下，越明确，储蓄越好。
确保负载都有明确的规定 负载类型，分区，负载时间表应在图样上注明。
指定设计意图 描述分区与切换策略，调度，覆盖功能，与其他建筑管理系统的相互关系，以及设备选型。
指定调度和切换设置 图纸应包括调度每个区域/线路的覆盖时间延迟。本地开关类型和应提供的功能（场景，通道）。
包括规范的验收测试 提供一个安装清单，用测试程序一步一步来测试，确保业主获得一个全功能性的系统。
COMMISSIONING
Commissioning entails systematically testing all controls in the building to ensure that they provide specified performance and interact properly as a system, so as to satisfy the design intent and owner’s needs. In the case of load scheduling control systems, primary acceptance testing activities include:
• Programming the schedule into the control system, incorporating weekday, weekend and holiday operating times.
• Ensuring the overrides work and that they are located conveniently for users.
• Turning over documentation to owner and train owner’s staff on proper use and maintenance of the lighting controls.
For detailed information about commissioning load scheduling control systems, see EE300: Commissioning.
调试

```
   调试需要系统地测试大厦的所有控件,以确保他们作为一个系统能够提供指定的功能和适当的互动,以满足设计者的意图和业主的需要。在负载调度控制系统的情况下,初步验收测试项目包括:

```

 将平日，周末和节假日工作时间编程到控制系统中。
 确保覆盖工作完成,并且为用户提供地理位置的便利。
 将如何正确使用和维护照明控制的文档移交给业主和培训业主的员工。有关如何调试负荷调度控制系统的详细信息，请参阅EE300：调试。