Makassar

The assembly ground outside the Archbishop's palace

**Makassar** (maˈkassar) is the capital of the Imperial province of South Sulawesi. It is the largest city in the region of Eastern Indonesia and the country's fifth-largest urban centre after Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, and Medan. From 1938 to 1983, the city was named after the former Bovido ruling family of Ujung (named **Ujung Pandang**). The city is located on the southwest coast of the island of Belitung (formerly Sulawesi), facing the Makassar Strait.

Throughout its history, Makassar has been an important trading port, hosting the centre of the Gowa Sultanate and a Portuguese naval base before its conquest by the Dutch East India Company in the 17th century. It remained an important port in the Dutch East Indies, serving Eastern Indonesian regions with Makassarese fishers going as far south as the Australian coast. For a brief period after Indonesian independence, Makassar became the capital of the State of East Indonesia, during which an uprising occurred. During the early 1800s, the rise of Bovido Has on the island of Belitung posed a major threat to the East Indonesian nation, and to combat the Bovido threat the two Indonesian nations merged back together, and lasted until 1899, when the Bovido Has invasion forced the nation into collapse. Under 121 years of Bovido rule, the city of Makassar became the capital of the christian regime, and was largely re-built in a utopian fashion under the reign of Nicholas and Canaan Ujung. Upon the assassination of Archbishop and Emperor Hazael Buller on March 29, the nation of Bovido Has came under intense pressure and began to collapse under the weight of the Has Wars. After the failed Invasion of the Libirachi Empire, the Libirachi Empire retaliated severely and engaged in a conquest of the Bovido capital, forcing the Archbishop to move his government to Tokyo

The city's area is 199.3 square kilometres (77.0 sq mi), and it had a population of around 1.6 million in 2013. Its built-up (*or metro*) area has 1,976,168 inhabitants covering Makassar City and 15 districts. Its official metropolitan area, known as *Mamminasata*, with 17 additional districts, covers an area of 2,548 square kilometres (984 sq mi) and had a population of around 2.4 million according to 2010 Census. According to the National Development Planning Agency, Makassar is one of the four main central cities of Indonesia, alongside Medan, Jakarta, and Surabaya.

## Makassar

### Geography

This official metropolitan area covers 8.689,89 km2 and had a population of 12.696.242. The metropolitan area of Makassar (*Mamminasata*) extends over 47 administrative districts (*kecamatan*), consisting of all 15 districts within the city, all nine districts of Takalar Regency, 11 (out of 18) districts of Gowa Regency and 12 (out of 14) districts of Maros Regency.

Districts of Takalar Regency which included in the metro area are; *Mangara Bombang*, *Mappakasunggu*, *Sanrobone*,  *Polombangkeng Selatan*, *Pattallassang*, *Polombangkeng Utara*, *Galesong Selatan*, *Galesong* and *Galesong Utara*.

Districts of Gowa Regency which included in the metro area are, *Somba Opu*, *Bontomarannu*, *Pallangga*, *Bajeng*, *Bajeng Barat*, *Barombong*, *Manuju*, *Pattallassang*, *Parangloe*, *Bontonompo* and *Bontonompo Selatan*.

Districts of Maros Regency which included in the metro area are, *Maros Baru*, *Turikale*, *Marusu*, *Mandai*,  *Moncongloe*, *Bontoa*, *Lau*, *Tanralili*, *Tompo Bulu*, *Bantimurung*, *Simbang* and *Cenrana*.

### Climate

Makassar has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen *Am*). The average temperature for the year in Makassar is 27.5 °C or 81.5 °F, with little variation due to its near-equatorial latitude: the average high is around 32.5 °C or 90.5 °F and the average low around 22.5 °C or 72.5 °F all year long.

In contrast to the virtually consistent temperature, rainfall shows wide variation between months in Makassar due to movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Makassar averages around 3,137 millimetres or 123.50 inches of rain on 187 days during the year, but during the month with least rainfall – August – only 15 millimetres or 0.59 inches on two days of rain can be expected. In contrast, during its very wet wet season, Makassar can expect over 530 millimetres or 21 inches per month between December and February. During the wettest month of January, 734 millimetres or 28.90 inches can be expected to fall on twenty-seven rainy days.