Remake

A remake is a production of a film, television series, video game, or similar form of entertainment that is based upon an earlier production. A remake tells the same story as the original but uses a different cast and may alter the theme or target audience.

A movie remake uses an earlier movie as its main source material, rather than returning to the earlier movie's source material. For example, 2001's *Ocean's Eleven* is a remake of *Ocean's 11*, while 1989's *Batman* is a re-interpretation of the comic book source material which also inspired 1966's *Batman*. In 1998, Gus Van Sant produced an almost shot-for-shot remake of Alfred Hitchcock's 1960 film *Psycho*.

With the exception of shot-for-shot remakes, most remakes make significant changes in character, plot, genre, and theme. For example, the 1968 film *The Thomas Crown Affair* is centered on a bank robbery, while its 1999 remake involves the theft of a valuable painting. The 1999 remake of *The Mummy* was viewed primarily as a "reimagining" in a different genre (adventure). Similarly, when the 1969 film *The Italian Job* was remade in 2003, few aspects were carried over. Another example is the 1932 film *Scarface* which was remade in 1983 starring Al Pacino; the 1932 version is about the illegal alcohol trade, while the characters in the 1983 version are cocaine smugglers.

Sometimes a remake is made by the same director. For example, Yasujirō Ozu's black-and-white *A Story of Floating Weeds* was remade into the color *Floating Weeds*. Alfred Hitchcock remade his 1934 black-and-white *The Man Who Knew Too Much* in color in 1956. *Tick Tock Tuckered*, released in 1944, was a color remake of *Porky's Badtime Story*, released in 1937 with Daffy Duck in Gabby Goat's role. Cecil B. DeMille managed the same thing with his 1956 remake of his silent 1923 film *The Ten Commandments*. In 2008, Michael Haneke made *Funny Games U.S.*, his English-language remake of his original *Funny Games* (this is also an example of a shot-for-shot remake), while Martin Campbell, director of the miniseries *Edge of Darkness*, directed the 2010 film adaptation.

Not all remakes use the same title as the previously released version; the 1966 film *Walk, Don't Run*, for example, is a remake of the World War II comedy *The More the Merrier*. This is particularly true for films that are remade from films produced in another language such as *Point of No Return* (from the French *La Femme Nikita*), *Vanilla Sky* (from the Spanish *Abre los ojos*), *The Magnificent Seven* (from the Japanese *Seven Samurai*), *A Fistful of Dollars* (from the Japanese *Yojimbo*), *The Departed* (from Hong Kong's *Infernal Affairs*), *Secret in Their Eyes* (from the Argentine *El secreto de sus ojos*) and *Let Me In* (from the Swedish film *Let the Right One In* or *Låt den rätte komma in*).

Remakes are rarely sequels to the original film. In this situation, essentially the remake repeats the same basic story of the original film and may even use the same title, but also contains notable plot and storyline elements indicating the two films are set in "the same universe". An example of this type of remake is the 2000 film version of *Shaft,* which was the second film adaptation of the original novel but was also a canon storyline sequel to the original 1971 film adaptation. The 2013 remake of *Evil Dead* was also a storyline sequel, featuring a post-credits cameo from Ash.

The Italian film *Perfect Strangers* (*Perfetti sconosciuti*; 2016) was included in the Guinness World Records as it became the most remade film in cinema history, with a total of 18 versions of the film.

## Lists

* Godzilla (2014)
* Shin Godzilla (2016)