recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Tweak-A-bitti

Haavoittuvuudet
Hackabi
Digabi-webinaarit
**Abitti**
Ohjelmistot
Tehdyt parannukset
Vanhat Abitti-versiot
Tweak-A-bitin tutkiminen
**Laitteisto**
WLAN-tukiaseman konfigurointi
Tutkintoverkko

Tweak-A-bitillä saa joukon lisätoiminnallisuuksia YTL:n Abitti-järjestelmän koelaadintaan (oma.abitti.fi). Tämä sivu selvitää Tweak-A-bitin ominaisuuksia. Tweak-A-bit on Google Chrome -selaimen laajennusosa. Tweak-A-bitin teknisestä tutkimisesta on oma wikia-sivu.

## Ominaisuudet

Saat YTL:n Abitti-kokeiden laadintaan (https://oma.abitti.fi) seuraavia lisäominaisuuksia käyttämällä Tweak-A-bit-laajennosta::

1. pidetyt kokeet piilotetaan automaattisesti
2. pidetyt kokeet saa näkyviin "Näytä pidetyt kokeet" -napista
3. saat tehtyä kokeista kopioita yhdellä napinpainalluksella
4. voit muokata tehtävänantoja graafisella editorilla
5. voit lisätä tehtävänantoihin matemaattisia kaavoja
6. voit muuttaa kysymysten järjestystä
7. voit kopioida yksittäisiä tehtäviä samaan tai toiseen kokeeseen
8. voit kopioida aukkomonivalintojen vaihtoehtoja saman tehtävän loppuun
9. kokeita pisteytettäessä opiskelijoiden nimet piilotetaan oletuksena
10. kokeita pisteyttäessä voit halutessasi tallentaa opiskelijoiden vastaukset opiskelijakohtaisiksi PDF-tiedostoiksi, esim. kosketusnäyttölaitteella ja stylus-kynällä tehtävien vapaamuotoisten merkintöjen kirjoittamista varten
11. kokeiden palautuksen yhteydessä voit halutessasi ladata pisteytyksen Excel-tiedostona
12. Mikäli jaat opiskelijoille oheisaineistoja Nettiniilon materiaalinjaon kautta, näytetään opiskelijoille linkki materiaalinjakoon automaattisesti

## Käyttöohje

Varsinaista käyttöohjetta ei löydy, mutta tässä yksi opettajan tekemä ohjeistus: https://anneabitti.wordpress.com/kokeen-tekeminen/

## Tweak-A-bit-laajennoksen versiohistoriaa

### 0.17.0

Noniin, nyt voi Tweak-A-bitin v0.17.0 alkaen tallentaa vastaus-PDF-tiedoston per opiskelija ja voi sitten vaikka tablet-laitteella tai muulla kosketusnäytöllisellä (ja halutessaan lisäksi stylus-kynää käyttäen) tehdä vapaamuotoisia käsin kirjoitettuja/piirrettyjä merkintöjä PDF:iin ja lopuksi palauttaa PDF:t opiskelijoille maililla tai Dropbox/Google Drive/OneDrive tms kautta.

### 0.12.0

Sori useat postaukset, mutta tiedoksi (hiljaisesti ja ääneen) toivoneille että Tweak-A-bitti näyttää nyt (v0.14.0 alkaen) pisteytysvaiheessa avovastausten sanamäärät, kokeen maksimipistemäärän sekä oppilaiden saamien yhteispistemäärien keskiarvon

### 0.11.0

Tweak-A-bitti tukee uusimmasta versiosta (v0.11.0) alkaen yksittäisten tehtävien kopioimista kokeesta toiseen.

### 0.10.0

Tweak-A-bitin uusin versio (0.10.0) mahdollistaa pisteytyksen lataamisen itselle talteen Excel-tiedostona.

### 0.9.0

Tweak-A-bitti tukee versiosta 0.9.0 alkaen Abitti-koelaadintanäkymässä myös yksittäisen tehtävän kopiointia saman kokeen sisällä; tämä kiinnostanee ainakin kieltenopettajia (tai ylipäänsä monivalintakysymyksiä käyttäviä).
Harjoituskoe kevät 2016

## Pakollinen harjoituskoe 6.4.2016 (kenraaliharjoitus)

Huhtikuun kenraaliharjoitus järjestetään filosofian, maantieteen ja lyhyen saksan kokeessa. Tämä koe kestää kuusi tuntia. YTL näkee kokeen olevan välttämätön osa sähköiseen ylioppilaskokeeseen valmistautumista ja edellyttää lukioita järjestämään harjoituskokeen osana ylioppilaskokeen järjestämistä1. Kaksi tai useampi lukio voi järjestää kenraaliharjoituksen yhdessä tilassa, jos sähköiset ylioppilaskokeet tullaan järjestämään yhteistyössä.

YTL laatii koetehtävät ja jakelee ne lukioille sähköisessä ylioppilaskokeessa käytettävän sähköisen järjestelmän kautta. Koetehtävät vastaavat ylioppilaskokeen tasoa ja lukio voi halutessaan hyödyntää kokeen tulosta osana opiskelijoiden arviointia. YTL ei veloita harjoituskokeeseen osallistuvilta opiskelijoilta ylioppilaskokeessa veloitettavaa tutkintomaksua.

Lukiot voivat itse päättää harjoituskokeeseen osallistuvien opiskelijoiden lukumäärän. Jotta kokeet olisivat todentuntuisia, tulisi kokeisiin osallistua vähintään syksyn 2016 ylioppilaskokeisiin odotettavissa oleva opiskelijamäärä. Opiskelija vastaa siitä, että hänellä on kokeessa päätelaite, kuulokkeet ja että hän osaa käynnistää päätelaitteen USB-muistilta.

Kenraaliharjoitus järjestetään koepäivänä 6.4.2016. Koe alkaa kaikissa suorituspaikoissa klo 9.00. Kokeen kestossa, myöhästymisissä ja poistumisajankohdissa noudatetaan ylioppilaskokeen voimassaolevia määräyksiä ja ohjeita2. Kokeessa on huomioitava opiskelijoiden voimassaolevat
erityisjärjestelypäätökset. Ilmoittautumisjärjestelyissä tullaan noudattamaan ylioppilaskokeiden menettelyä, mutta yksityiskohdista tiedotetaan myöhemmin.

Kenraaliharjoituksen arvostelu noudattaa syksyn 2015 harjoituskokeen arvostelua. Lukion yksivaiheisen arvostelun lisäksi YTL arvostelee jokaisesta lukiosta vähintään yhden opiskelijan koesuorituksen. Näin saadaan palautetta arvostelujärjestelmän toimivuudesta. Lukion on siirrettävä opiskelijoiden vastaukset YTL:lle, vaikka vastauksia ei arvosteltaisikaan. Vastaukset siirretään sähköisesti kokeen jälkeen.

Kokeet on mahdollista suorittaa yhdessä tutkintoverkossa eli yhdelle koetilan palvelimelle voidaan ladata kaikki suoritettavat kokeet. Harjoituskokeessa käytettävät USB-muistit tulevat YTL:lta postitse ennen koetta. USB-muistien tilaukset ja toimitukset hoidetaan vastaavalla tavalla kuin nykyisten koeaineistojen kohdalla. Tämänhetkisten kaavailujen mukaan USB-muistit palautetaan YTL:lle kokeen jälkeen. Palautus on välttämätöntä, koska tämänhetkisten suunnitelmien mukaan muistit tulevat olemaan uudelleenkäytettäviä ja ne sisältävät ohjelmistoja, joiden leviämisen YTL on sitoutunut estämään erilaisin sopimuksin.

YTL julkaisee koekysymykset kenraaliharjoitusta seuraavana päivänä internetissä. Lukiot eivät saa julkaista koetehtäviä.

1 Lukiolaki 21.8.1998/629, Laki ylioppilastutkinnon järjestämisestä 26.8.2005/672.

2 Määräykset ja ohjeet: https://www.ylioppilastutkinto.fi/fi/ylioppilastutkinto/yleiset-maaraykset-ja-ohjeet

# Lähteet

1. ↑ https://digabi.fi/harjoituskokeet/harjoituskoe-6-4-2016/
سيرغاي دراغونوف

**سيرغاي دراغونوف** هو شخصية في سلسلة تيكن. ظهر لأول مرة في تيكن 5: دارك ريزوركشن.

## السيرة الذاتية

دراغونوف بارد وحريص وهادئ تماماً أثناء قتال المواجهين. وبصرف النظر عن بضعة أسطر من الحوار، دراغونوف بالكاد يلفظ كلمة مفردة طوال السلسلة بما أنه لا يجب الكلام. يميل إلى أما إزعاج أو تحير أو قلق شخصيات أخرى بسبب ذلك. يقدم وطنه مع أقصى درجات الحرض والإخلاص يتبع الأوامر عندما تعطى. إنه يستمتع أيضاً بالغناء كموهبة.

على الزغم من عدم الشر بالضرورة، لا يبالي دراغونوف جداً وهادئ. إنه يهتم قليلاً للآخرين ويركز فقط على المهمة في اليد. لا يعرض رحمة تجاه أعدائه أو الخصوم وإذا تعرض للإستفزاز بما فيه الكفاية، سيقتلهم إذا كانوا يعرضون خطراً للمهمة. بسبب صفاتهم، حتى حلفائه يميلون للترهيب من قبل الحضور.

## التاريخ

### تيكن 5: دارك ريزوركشن

**نص الاستهلال:** أرض متجمدة مدفونة في غابات مناطق شبه قطبية كثيفة. في حين أبحاث جيولوجية تمر في إعداد لتطوير أبحاث طبيعية، جسم شاذ اكتشف تحت الجليد. يدعو الجيش بسرعة القوات الخاصة في العمل والمنطقة بأكملها مختومة تماماً. الجسم الغامض يتم نقلها تحت السرية المطلقة لمنشأة أبحاث لدراسة المزيد. بعد شهر، تسلم المقر الرئيسي للجيش تقرير تحقيقي متعلق بالجسم الغامض ويقرر طلب أحد الرجال العاملين في الحفر في مهمة سرية. ذلك الرجل كان دراغونوف، عضو نخبة فريق القوات الخاصة الذين يخشى في جبهات القتال طوال العالم باسم ملاك الموت الأبيض. إنه يعترف بالمهمة إيماءة صامتة ويغادر لليابان.

**وصف الخاتمة**: علماء يعملون للحكومة الروسية لديهم ديفل جين داخل حوض ماء. يعطيهم دراغونوف إشارة للبدء. تفعيل الحوض، كهرباء تتدفق من حوض ديفل جين تدخل إلى شخص معين في الجانب المقابل من الغرفة، تعبئة الحوض المقابل مع فقاعات عديدة. مع صرخات ديفل جين من الألم، توهجان، أعين شيطانية يمكن رؤيتها في الحوض على الحوض المقابل من الغرفة.

## مراجع

1. ↑ https://twitter.com/Harada\_TEKKEN/status/249062880975138816
Hackabi

Haavoittuvuudet
**Hackabi**
Digabi-webinaarit
**Abitti**
Ohjelmistot
Tehdyt parannukset
Vanhat Abitti-versiot
Tweak-A-bitin tutkiminen
**Laitteisto**
WLAN-tukiaseman konfigurointi
Tutkintoverkko

Ylioppilastutkintolautakunnan Digabi-projekti järjesti **Hackabi-hakkerointikilpailun** 7.8.–1.9.2013 järjestelmän tietoturva-aukkojen löytämiseksi. Kilpailuvastauksia saatiin noin 20 kappaletta. Hakkerointikilpailun tuomaristo julisti voittajat 8.10.2013.

Kilpailijoiden tehtävänä oli etsiä käyttöjärjestelmästä esimerkiksi aukkoja ja haavoittuvuuksia, joiden avulla kokelas pystyisi hyödyntämään kovalevylle tallentamaansa aineistoa, olemaan yhteydessä toiseen kokelaaseen tai saisi yhteyden palvelimiin, joihin pääsyä on rajoitettu. Hakkeroitavana oli Linuxin Debian-jakelun pohjalta tehty ensimmäinen YTL:n testiversio käyttöjärjestelmästä, jolle ei oltu tehty laajaa tietoturva-auditointia.

Kilpailusta lisää sivulla https://digabi.fi/tekniikka/digabi-os/hackabi/

## Voittajat

1. **Harry Sintonen**, kilpailuvastaus sivulla https://sintonen.fi/advisories/hackabi.txt.
	* Sintosen vastauksessa oli 17 erilaista tapaa murtaa suojaukset. Osaa kerrotuista keinoista ei ole edelleenkään estetty DigabiOS-versiossa 17.3.2015.
2. nimim. **deffi420**, kilpailuvastaus sivulla http://www.niksula.hut.fi/~hirvolt1/hackabi/writeup.txt.
	* Deffi420:n idea on rootkit, joka käynnistää DigabiOS-käyttöjärjestelmän murrettuna. Tämän keinon hyväksikäyttämistä ei voi estää DIgabiOS:n tasolla ja siten murtokeino en edelleen käytettävissä. Murtomenetelmä on hieman monimutkainen.
3. **Esko Järnfors** ja **Jarmo Lahtiranta**

Tuomaristossa toimivat tietoturva-asiantuntija Juhani Eronen (CERT-FI), tutkimusjohtaja Mikko Hyppönen (F-Secure Oyj) sekä vanhempi tietoturvakonsultti Pekka Sillanpää (Nixu Oy).

Useat kilpailijat olivat löytäneet monia tietoturva-aukkoja käyttöjärjestelmästä. Osa haavoittuvuuksista liittyi käyttöjärjestelmän puutteellisiin suojausasetuksiin tai jakelussa mukana olleiden ohjelmien sisältämiin virheisiin. Saimme myös hyvin luovia vastauksia, joissa kilpailijat olivat löytäneet tietoturva-aukkoja ”laatikon ulkopuolelta”. Kunniamaininta meni laatikon ulkopuolisesta ajattelusta kilpailutyölle, jossa ylioppilaskoe sabotoitiin morsettamalla äänikortilta.
Digabi

Haavoittuvuudet
Hackabi
Digabi-webinaarit
**Abitti**
Ohjelmistot
Tehdyt parannukset
Vanhat Abitti-versiot
Tweak-A-bitin tutkiminen
**Laitteisto**
WLAN-tukiaseman konfigurointi
Tutkintoverkko

**Digabi** on Ylioppilastutkintolautakunnan projekti, jonka päämäärä on sähköistää ylioppilaskirjoitukset.

## Historiaa

Digabi-projekti alkoi alkukesästä 2013. Saman vuoden syksynä järjestetyssä Hackabi-hakkerointikilpailussa etsittiin kehitetystä järjestelmästä tietoturva-aukkoja. Tammikuussa 2015 julkaistiin Abitti-kurssikoejärjestelmä

## Tutkielmia sähköiseen ylioppilaskokeeseen siirtymisestä

* Korkean panoksen sähköiset kokeet maailmalla, Digabi-projektin työpaperi, elokuu 2013.
* Tyrväinen, Kari Juhani. Sähköisiin ylioppilaskirjoituksiin siirtyminen kahdessa savolaisessa lukiossa. Pro gradu –tutkielma.

## Suunnitelmat ja aikataulut

Matleena Laakso on koonnut kattavan esityksen Digabi-projektin tilanteesta: http://www.slideshare.net/MatleenaLaakso/digabi

## DigabiOS

DigabiOS on Digabi-projektin ylioppilaskirjoituksia varten tekemä Linux-pohjainen käyttöjärjestelmä. Koetilanteessa DigabiOS käynnistetään USB-muistitikulta opiskelijan omalla tietokoneella.

### Ohjelmat

DiagbiOS:n mukana on joukko ohjelmia, joita voidaan hyödyntää koevastausten tekemisessä. Mukana on toimisto-ohjelmat tekstinkäsittelyyn ja taulukkolaskentaan, graafisia ohjelmia erilaisten kuvien piirtämiseen ja matemaattisia laskentaohjelmia.

## Lähteet ja viitteet

1. ↑ Lahti, Janne *et al.*: Korkean panoksen sähköiset kokeet maailmalla (PDF) elokuu 2013. Ylioppilastutkintolautakunta. Viitattu 7.5.2015.
2. ↑ Tyrväinen, Kari: Sähköisiin ylioppilaskirjoituksiin siirtyminen kahdessa savolaisessa lukiossa (PDF) syyskuu 2014. Itä-Suomen yliopisto. Viitattu 4.5.2015.

*Tämä artikkeli on tynkä. Voit auttaa Digabi Tweaks Wikiaa laajentamalla artikkelia.*
Erikoismerkit Abitissa

Abitti käyttää oletuksena *Finnish Multilingual Keyboard* -näppäimistöasettelua, jolla saa tehtyä helposti useita erikoismerkkejä seuraavan taulukon mukaisesti.

### Venäjä

Jos Abitti-kokeessa tarvitsee foneettisen venäjän näppäinjärjestystä, niin opiskelija

* klikkaa hiiren oikea yläpalkissa "fi"-sanan päällä
* properties
* valitse vaikka "se"
* edit
* Russian (phonetic)
* ok
* close
* klikkaa "fi" ja valitse "ru (phonetic)"

## Windows-erikoismerkit

Windows-käyttöjärjestelmässä voit lisätä erikoismerkkejä Merkistö-sovelluksen avulla tai painamalla näppäinyhdistelmiä näppäimistöllä. Merkistö-sovelluksen avulla voit tarkastella merkkejä, jotka ovat käytettävissä valitussa fontissa. Merkistö-sovelluksen avulla voit kopioida yksittäisiä merkkejä tai merkkiryhmiä leikepöydälle ja liittää niitä mihin tahansa ohjelmaan, joka osaa näyttää merkit.

Merkistö-sovellus avataan napsauttamalla Käynnistä-painiketta. Kirjoita hakuruutuun Merkistö ja valitse sitten hakutuloksista Merkistö-sovellus.

Näppäinyhdistelmällä voidaan kirjoittaa merkkien koodit numeerisina. Esimerkiksi plus-minus-merkki (±) syötetään pitämällä ALT-näppäin pohjassa ja kirjoittamalla numeerisella näppäimistöllä koodi 0177.

Alt·0177

Windows-erikoismerkkien koodeja löytyy esimerkiksi sivulta https://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/nappis.html.

## Lähteet ja viitteet

1. ↑ https://www.facebook.com/groups/339542799419574/permalink/966389353401579/
2. ↑ http://windows.microsoft.com/fi-fi/windows/using-special-characters-character-map-faq#1TC=windows-7
3. ↑ https://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/merkit/nappiskaavio.htm
Opiskelijalle

Oheisten linkkien avulla voit tutustua järjestelmän piirteisiin.

* Siirymisaikataulu sähköisiin ylioppilaskokeisiin
* Opiskelijan tietokoneen vaatimukset

**Koeympäristö**
* Koneen käynnistys USB-tikulta
* Digabin mukana tulevat ohjelmat
* Erikoismerkkien kirjoittaminen
* Käyttöoikeussopimukset ja rekisteriotteet

**Harjoituskokeet**
* Harjoituskoe syksy 2015
* Harjoituskoe kevät 2016
جين كازاما

**جين كازاما** (風間 仁 Kazama Jin) هو أحد الشخصيات الرئيسية في سلسلة تيكن.

## السيرة الذاتية

جين كازاما هو ابن جون كازاما و?كازويا ميشيما.

## القصة

### تيكن 3

في سن الـ15، اكتشف جين أنه ابن كازويا ميشيما وأيضاً أمه جون كازاما قد ماتت (الحقيقة الفعلية أنها قد فقدت). درب جين نفسه تحت إشراف هيهاتشي كل يوم مع كل النية لهزيمة أوغر، الذي أفترض أنه قد قتل أمه. لم يكن هيهاتشي مجرد جد، بل قد أثبت أيضاً أنه معلم موثوق به.

بعد أربع سنوات، امتلك أساليب كازاما وميشيما في القتال متقنة، بدأ جين مساره كفنان في الدفاع عن النفس.

أثناء اللعبة، قاتل جين وهزم العديد من الخصوم في المباراة. قاتل أيضاً ضد منافسه هوورانع على الرغم من أنها أنتهت بالتعادل، استمر جين في المباراة ووصل أخيراً إلى المعبد موجود أوغر. كما اقترب هيهاتشي من مدخل المعبد، ظهر هيهاتشي واجبره على القتال من أجل إستدراج أوغر، ولكن أبقى ذلك من جين. بدلاً من ذلك، قال له أنه يريد إختبار قدرات جين وتحديد إذا ما كان قوياً أم لا بما يكفي لمقاتلة أوغر.

في النهاية، هزم جين جده، وأوغر. غضب من مشهد قتل أمه، مشغول بقتال أوغر، مغذى بالغضب. أثناء القتال، امتص أوغر طاقة هيهاتشي لتسمحه بالتحول إلى ترو أوغر واستمر القتال.

**وصف النهاية، "دم قذر"**: هزم جين ترو أوغر وانتقم لأمه في النهاية. فجأة بسبب المعركة الفصوى انفجر أوغر بعنف. ثواني فقط بعد فوزه، تعرض لهجوم من قبل جنود هيهاتشي تيكن فورس، وتلقى طلقات نارية متعددة. خضع للموت ببظئ، أطلع هيهاتشي النار على رأس جين، وبالتالي قتل حفيده. بأي حال، عندما أدار هيهاتشي ظهره ومشى بعيداً. رأى أشخاص من جنوده أمامه، ثم أدار ليرى جين متحول إلى شكل الشيطان، ديفل جين. ثم انتقد جين هيهاتشي عبر جدار المعبد وألقى هيهاتشي بعنف بالأرض. أخيراً، نشر جين جناحيه وطار. هيهاتشي، صعيف، جلس وشاهد حفيده، ديفل جين، إختفى في الليل.
مارشال لاو

## القصة

### تيكن

عمل لاو في مطعم حي صيني في سان فرانسيسكو بينما يحلم بفتح مدرسته للفنون القتالية. أخذ جزئاً في مباراة ملك الضربة الحديدية لفتح مدرسته مع مال الجائزة، بينما في نفس الوقت ليجعل نفسه مشهور العالم.

### تيكن 2

فتح لاو الدوجو الخاص به للفنون القتالية. للأسف، هوجم تلاميذه وجرحوا بقسوة من قبل معلم تايكوندو الذي شارك في مباراة ملك الضربة الحديدية الثانية. قرر لاو بدخول المباراة لكي يثأر لتلاميذه ويستعيد سمعة النادي الرياضي.
Abitin murtaminen

Abitti-kurssikokeen tietoturvan murtaminen on käytännössä erittäin yksinkertaista eikä vaadi suurta erityisosaamista. Tietokoneen muokkaamiseen Abitin murrettua käynnistämistä varten kuluu aikaa vain muutamia sekunteja. Murrettua käynnistämistä ei pysty havaitsemaan, vaikka tarkkailisi koneen käynnistymistä vieressä seisten.

Haavoittuvuudet
Hackabi
Digabi-webinaarit
**Abitti**
Ohjelmistot
Tehdyt parannukset
Vanhat Abitti-versiot
Tweak-A-bitin tutkiminen
**Laitteisto**
WLAN-tukiaseman konfigurointi
Tutkintoverkko

## Esimerkkivideo

Abitti-kurssikokeen murtamisesta GRUB2-haavoittuvuuden avulla on tehty esimerkkivideo.

Tällä 8 minuuttia kestävällä videolla esitellään abitti-koejärjestelmän murtaminen. Video on kuvattu yhdellä otolla ilman katkoja ja se muodostuu kolmesta osasta:

* 0:00 - Normaalin Abitti-koeympäristön käynnistäminen
* 02:30 - Tietokoneen virittäminen kokeen murtamista varten.
* 04:36 - Murretun Abitti-koejärjestelmän käyttäminen ja ominaisuuksien esittely.

Videolla käytettävää opiskelijan tikkua ei ole etukäteen murrettu, eikä tikulle tehdä tämän videon aikana mitään muutoksia.

## Tekninen toteutus

### GRUB2-käynnistys

GRUB2-käynnistys on tehty sivulla haavoittuvuudet kuvatulla tavalla. GRUB2-menuvalikkoja on muutettu vastaamaan tietokoneen käynnistämistä USB-tikulta.

### Persistence-osio kovalevyllä

Videolla olevan koneen kovalevylle on esiasennettu persistence-osio sivun haavoittuvuudet kuvaamalla tavalla. Osioon talletettujen tiedostojen avulla:

* kierretään palomuurin (tarkempi kuvaus sivulla tutkintoverkko) estot sisääntulevaan ja lähtevään liikenteeseen
* annetaan opiskelijalle ylläpitäjän oikeudet
* siirretään opiskelijan käyttöön lunttitiedostot

### Jatkokehitysideoita

* Kokeen tekninen valvonta perustuu opiskelijan koneelta kerättävään lokitietoon. Lokitietojen lähettäminen koetilan palvelimelle on helppo estää.
* Koetilan palvelimelle voidaan lähettää väärennettyä lokitietoa, joka on esimerkiksi kerätty aiemmilta käyttökerroilta.
* Lähtevän liikenteen nopeusrajoitus voidaan ottaa pois käytöstä, jolloin koetilan palvelimelle voidaan tehdä Suomen Kuvalehdessä 19/2015 kuvattu palvelunestohyökkäys, ja kaataa koko koejärjestelmä 10 minuutissa.
* Koetilan palvelimelle voidaan lähettää väärennettyä lokitietoa, jonka mukaan joku toinen kokeeseen osallistunut opiskelija olisi lähettänyt nämä lokiviestit.

## Estäminen teknisin keinoin

Tällä videolla esitettyä hyväksikäyttömenetelmää on erittäin vaikea estää, käytännössä Abitin alkukäynnistys jouduttaisiin tekemään kokonaan uudelleen. Käynnistyksen uudelleen tekeminen on erittäin vaikeaa etenkin, jos halutaan säilyttää yhteensopivuus kaikkien valmistajien mallien kanssa.

## Huomautus

Älä käytä tässä kuvattuja keinoja missään virallisissa kokeissa!
Arandas

Arandas is a region in Numargoth. It is located between the Estamlias and Zukani mountains, north of Trivery and south of Tarmaggae.

## Terrain

The terrain of the area is very diverse. Many rivers and streams flow from the mountains and towards the center of the region, converging with the largest river of the region, the Aran. The many rivers and streams lead to fertile valleys ripe for farmland, abundant woodlands and a variety of wildlife. The way in which rivers and streams interact with the land is also diverse; the region has everything from gentle, sloping valleys to canyons overgrown with vegetation.

## Climate

The climate for Arandas just as diverse as the terrain. In general, the north of Arandas is cold, and the south is warm, but the seasonal changes offer some variance to that. As a rule, however, the north of Arandas is always colder than the south, despite how harsh the winter may become down there.

In Arandas the average temperatures are 30 to 50 degrees in the winter, and 70 to 85 degrees in the summer.

Rainfall is adequate, providing the land with plenty of nutrients for it to become an agricultural heaven. The rainwater catches in the many small valleys, creating rivers and lakes that make it incredibly fertile farmland.

## Inhabitants

Humans have always occupied the south of the region, but in the past several hundred years have been moving northward, occupying space that the hill dwarves have been leaving empty.

Wood elves occupy the groves and forests that grow in Arandas. They operate as small, insular and isolated tribes, many with their own traditions cultivated over many years.

There is only one major tribe of dragonborn known in Arandas, which is a migratory group of gold and green dragonborn known as the Dorecke. (doh-REK-a)

## Settlements

Altuskol • Archimal • Carn • Dakley • Karpeii • Mirna • Welloch
History

## Before Time

According to religious gospel, there was nothing in the universe preceding the Seven Before Time. Although this is the most commonly accepted theory, there are many in the world that believe the gods are either lying, mistaken or simply don't exist in the first place. There are several theories to cover the gap of what might have happened at the begining of the universe, such as the Old World Theory and the One God Theory .

## Pre-History

Before Ivanar conquered Remora , there was not much of history being recorded. Most of it was spread through spoken word, or perhaps it is stored away in long lost ruins. Either way, most of what happened before the founding of the First Age is lost to time, leaving only remnants and legends.

### Fallen Empires

Candir • Dead Metropolis • Dragons • Ondorran

### Significant Events

Battle of Maer Cel • Demon War • Ondorran Schism • Revolt of the Hills

## Timeline

### The First Age

After the conquest of Remora, Ivanar constructed a great library to hold all of the event of history from then on. He declared this as the mark for the begining of the First Age.

Timeline of the First Age
Erigan Sea

The Erigan Sea is a large body of water that borders many regions. Within the Erigan Sea is the region of Vyletia, a tropical archipelago.

## Climate

The region is well known for its warm waters and violent storms.

## Fauna

The Erigan Sea is teeming with marine life. Giant sharks, barracudas, schools of colorful fish, manta rays and many more make their home in the warm waters. Monstrous creatures, such as kraken and abboleths may also be found haunting the waters.
Hells

The Hells is a plane of existence that was constructed to imprison Cemeris, the god of trickery and deception. It has several layers.

## History

### Creation

When Cemeris assumed the guise of Auris in order to manipulate the god's followers, she led them to commit the first acts of murder- and the first deaths in the universe. For this inexcusable crime, she and her loyal subjects (now known as devils) had a special plane of existence created just for them to be imprisoned in. This became known as the Hells.

### Souls

Cemeris' trickery extended beyond her stay in the material plane. The hearts of all creatures were now consumed with violence and evil as much as they were with peace and goodness, and there was an abundance of death. With nowhere to go, the souls of the dead floundered around the material plane, and they became so thick that it led to the creation of the ethereal plane. The Supreme Divine decided the souls must go somewhere, and appointed a judge to sort the good ones from the bad. The bad ones were- of course- sent to the Hells.

Cemeris wasn't particularly fond of this, so she locked herself and her loyal devils away in a black fortress at the edge of the Hells. The souls that arrived in the Hells, evil and twisted, entertained themselves by torturing each other and rarely ever wandered to her corner of the plane. They tortured each other into submission, and the Hells was soon a writhing mass of agonized souls each vying for dominance, which they never kept for long. Still, Cemeris kept a watchful eye.

### The Demon Wars

When Covinex was sent to the Hells for creating and leading his murder worshipping cult (as well as his own mass-murder), it was assumed he would fall victim to horrors of the Hells as much as the next soul. However, much to the misfortune of everyone, he *enjoyed* it. Covinex quickly proved himself to be the dominant soul in the Hells, and he tortured many souls into following him. These souls, blackened by pure evil, were twisted into demons.

Cemeris' paranoia proved to be warranted. Soon the masses of demons led by Covinex seemed to be casting their eyes towards her corner of the plane. She wanted them out. To do this, she made a deal with an apprentice of Arimikos. A young upstart mage who had been cast aside by his mentor, he was eager to take power from another source. As part of the deal, at the peak of his power, he was to open a gate to the Hells. When he accepted he became the first warlock.

When he held his end of the deal and opened the gate, Covinex' attention shifted to a grander prize- the material plane, and hordes of demons swept like a bloody, fiery wave across the land. When they were all gone, Cemeris closed the gate off behind them, but not before sneaking a few of her loyal devils onto the material plane.
Kiad

## Depiction

A human shaped construct made entirely of what appears to be indestructible glass. When inactive, that is all there is to it. When active, however, a human face, made of light appears in the head of the construct. When the construct moves, dots of light flow across the moving parts, resembling electrical impulses traveling along the nerve structure of a human being.
S Cells

**S Cells** (Ｓ細胞, *S Saibō*) are a unique part of a Saiyan's biology. They are what determine whether a Saiyan is capable of transforming into the vaunted Super Saiyan transformation. All Saiyans possess these S Cells, but not many Saiyans have them in large amounts.

A gentle spirit plays into one's S Cells, and can increase their quantity. Due to the planet Vegeta being a rougher place to live, the Super Saiyan form became the stuff of legend, as the Saiyans no longer unlocked the transformation. A gentle spirit is not everything, however, as a Saiyan does need to be sufficiently strong before they can unlock the form. Due to these factors, someone like Gokū was able to achieve the form with ease, compared to his ancestors and pure-blooded relatives. In addition, Gokū's and Vegeta's children were all able to achieve Super Saiyan at a fairly young age because they grew up in the peaceful environment of Earth, rather than the violent home planet of their fathers'. The environmental factor can be seen when comparing Trunks and his future counterpart. Due to growing up in an apocalyptic earth, the adult Trunks did not achieve the transformation until he was a teenager. In contrast, his present day counterpart, growing up in a peaceful earth, achieve the transformation at the age of 8 (at the latest).

Inheritance also plays a factor; if a Saiyan that has obtained the Super Saiyan transformation conceives a child, they will pass on their S cell quantity to their offspring, enabling the offspring to transform at a much younger age. The inheritance factor can be seen most clearly with Goten, when contrasted with Gohan. Gohan, who was conceived and born before his father could become a Super Saiyan, transformed at the age of 9 (11 in the anime). Goten, who was conceived and born after his father had become a Super Saiyan, achieved the transformation at the age of 7, making him the youngest Super Saiyan in history.

## Trivia

* The concept of "S Cells" bears resemblance to the Midi-chlorians of Star Wars. The number of Midi-chlorians within the cells of living creatures determines their level of Force sensitivity, similar to how the amount of S Cells within a Saiyans body determines whether or not they can become a Super Saiyan.

## References

1. ↑ *Saikyō Jump, January 2018 - We asked Master Akira Toriyama! Special Saiyan Q & A*
Semanko

## Inhabitants

Wood elves are by far the dominant race in the region. They occupy the woods of Semanko in many small groups, although many of these groups belong to a few distinct tribes. There is a singular city somewhere in the woods that serves as the meeting ground for all of the tribes, and is home to all of the warriors that uphold the laws of the wood elves.

The city of Loriden, which rests at the center of a lake of the same name, is the only known settlement of high elves in the entire world. It is extremely isolated; the lake is covered in a perpetual fog to make it invisible to outsiders, and there are only two historical instances of anyone other than a high elf stepping foot inside the city.

The only human settlement in Semanko is that of Telwood. The site of the historic battle between Arimikos and Covinex, it has become a place of religious significance, and a learning place for human wizards. With the elves finding this settlement to be blasphemous, the city is under constant threat of attack.
Cregeron

## History

He was a dwarven smith that accidentally created life (gnomes) because his work was so impeccable. He also created many other artifacts, including ones that he deemed so powerful, he crafted impenetrable vaults to lock them away in.

## Temples

Temples to Cregeron often double as a sort of mall for artisans, as the temples are built to be large and accommodating to the many tools for almost every trade. They can be found in some cities, and nearly every dwarven city, and where they exist, they are typically near market square.

## Followers

### The Children of Cregeron

The Children of Cregeron are group of loyal gnome worshipers that search for and protect artifacts made by the hand of their creator. They zealously guard the known Vaults, and probably many of the unknown ones as well.
The Tempest

## Depiction

A small, almost monkey-like creature. It has large ears that are very animated, and show its emotion. It has golden fur, with reddish stripes. It never seems to speak.

## Temples

Temples to The Tempest generally include a large circular room with no ceiling, and a pool of water, with various small buildings attached to it.

## Followers

Followers of the Tempest typically dress in muted yellow and red clothing.

#### The Sky Lords

The rulers of the Skymantle. They are considered to be the voices of The Tempest, since the god never speaks. They seem to possess some way of understanding him, and they seem to be the only ones. In order to become a sky lord, you must be chosen by the Tempest, which coincides being struck by lightning, leaving fractal, lightning shaped scars that glow pale blue light.
Emmiral

The saint of protection, he is a human king who personally protected a city from an invasion of dark creatures.

## Depiction

He appears as a human male; he is tall and and strong looking with a square jaw and black hair buzzed on the sides and tied into a warrior’s style ponytail. He carries a spear and a large tower shield with an engraving of the Spire of Aedrem with the Sanctus still intact.

## Temples

Temples to Emmiral resemble fortifications. They are simple, with thick walls and small windows- if any at all. What windows there are are always high up, and are designed like loopholes. Temples to Emmiral can be found in human cities, either along the walls or in the center of the city.
Chrysos

The god of honor and loyalty, he is the penultimate gold dragon, and he is loyal to Aedrem.

## History

Chrysos was born from the same egg as the god Malum. They are twins, but they could not be more different.

## Depiction

Often appears polymorphed as a middle aged man, with brilliant blue eyes and a large, grey beard. In his dragon form, he appears as a gargantuan gold dragon, and is unique in the world by being the only dragon without feathers. Instead, he is covered in shining scales.

## Symbolism

The symbol of Chrysos is a gold dragon’s head, usually surrounded by fire or holy light.

## Temples

Temples to Chrysos are typically made of white stone, and are long and rectangular. They have many tall pillars, which support decorative marble carvings, and the sloped ceiling. There are very little solid walls- the structure relies on the support of the columns- and much open space. There is typically a statue of Chrysos in the center of the temple. Temples to Chrysos can usually be found nearby, if not directly adjacent to temples to Aedrem and they often occupy the same hill.

## Followers

### Zevgari

The Zevgari are loyal followers of Chrysos. They wander the world, attempting to find someone worthy of their protection, typically nobles or young warriors they believe can be shaped into good, honorable men or women. When they find this person, they vow to protect them for the rest of their lives. Zevgari always operate in pairs that consist of an older, battle hardened Zevgari called a *spathalos*, who is training and raising a younger Zevgari, called a *kataneos*. The spathalos wields a longsword with a blade made of a material that appears as gold, but is seemingly unbreakable. When the spathalos dies or retires, the sword is passed on to the kataneos, and he finds a new person to begin training.
Humans

Humans are the most populous race of Numar'goth. They are incredibly varied in physical appearance from region to region, and tend to group each other into distinct ethnicities.

## Ethnicities

### Arandic

The Arandic peoples are found throughout the Arandas region. They are generally medium in height and build with light skin, and typically have hair that ranges from light brown to nearly black. They typically have green, blue or brown eyes.

**Arandic Names:** (male) Arnulf, Boris, Cedric, Egan, Grigori, Kurt, Oswald; (female) Adele, Elise, Heidi, Priscilla, Stella, Olga, Yvonne; (surnames) Adler, Eckstein, Falk, Hirsch, Jaeger, Klein, Sturm

### Candiran

Medium in both height and build, they are tan skinned people, with dark black hair and steely blue or grey eyes. They are found throughout Candir, and northern Cimmorac. Candirians, due to their history, typically have a distaste towards those of Lyrathian descent, and have a particular hatred of barbarians.

**Candirian Names:** (male) Angelo, Calisto, Casimir, Esteban, Inigo, Lazaro, Vega; (female) Anita, Carmen, Gabriela, Isadora, Lola, Maria, Paloma; (surnames) Castell, Ibanez, Mas, Reyes, Santillian, Terrazas, Valdez

### Elsian

Peoples native to the peninsula of Els and the island of Wes are typically medium in both stature and build, with fair hair ranging from nearly white light blondes to auburn, and light colored eyes. Due to their isolation from many of the regions in which magic is practiced, the Elsian people have a heavy fear of arcane magic. Sorcerers, wizards, bards, eldritch knights, and arcane tricksters will seldom find an Elsian that will trust them. Rangers and druids on the other hand, although practitioners of magic, are viewed as being innately tied to the earth, and therefore more trustworthy.

**Elsian Names:** (male) Alistair, Charles, Keaton, Pierce, Ramsay, Wallace, Virgil; (female) Ada, Carolyn, Emily, Imogen, Katherine, Mary, Vanessa; (surnames) Allen, Butler, Daerwood, Smith, Vaughn, Woods, West

### Lyrathian

Lyrathians are found in the region of Lyrathia, as their name would imply. They are typically quite large, and their nomadic and barbarian natures make them a melting pot of diversity. Typically, a Lyrathian will range anywhere from dark skin to very white, and can vary wildly in hair color and eye color. Lyrathians are almost always tall with heavy builds. Because of their history, Lyrathians have animosity towards Candirans, and a distaste towards eldritch fighters.

**Lyrathian Names:** (male) Armand, Emile, Gaston, Jacques, Mathias, Pierre, Serge; (female) Adelaide, Colette, Fabienne, Marion, Renee, Sabine, Zoe; (surnames) Chevalier, Durant, Gagnon, Lestrange, Petit, Roux, Voclain
Elves

The elves are one of the oldest races in Numar'goth. They have not existed as a unified race since the fall of Ondorran, having been split up into three distinct sub-races after the cataclysm.

## Legacy

Many of the wonders of the unified elven race still remain in Numar'goth. Many of the magical items that adventurers use are attributed as elven creations. So great is the reknown of the elven race as masters of magic, that many magic items that aren't actually of elven origin are credited to them as well.

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Tarmaggae

Tarmaggae is a cold and rocky region nestled between the Estamlias and Zukani mountains, located north of Arandas and south of Maer Cel.

 Terrain

The terrain of Tarmaggae varies from east to west. In the west, there are naturally forming sandstone pillars on which hardy vegetation grows. It is rich in sandstone, which the hill dwarves make use of. To the east, the plant life is more sparse, and the terrain is rocky and inhospitable, but rich in iron, bronze and silver.

## Climate

The average temperatures for Tarmaggae are 10 to 30 degrees in winter, and 55 to 75 degrees in the summer. Rainfall is on the lower side- most plants get their hydration from groundwater running down from the mountains.

## Inhabitants

The most populous occupant of Tarmaggae are the hill dwarves. Cast out by their mountain dwarf cousins long ago they’ve settled into the region in tight communities. Although most of them live in small, tribal villages, there are two known cities of hill dwarves: Devrola and Iridae. The hill dwarves used to occupy much of Arandas as well, but in recent years have been moving back north into Tarmaggae.

## Flora

Plants that require little water tend to grow here. Trees tend to be shorter in stature, although they can be found in nearly every nook and cranny. They have large, long roots that reach deep into the earth and tap into underground reservoirs.

In Tarmaggae, potatoes, beets and other ‘dry’ crops grow.

Rye and barley is grown, and the hill dwarves are believed to be the first to create beer from these crops.

## Fauna

Giant Weasels roam the hillsides of Tarmaggae, which the hill dwarves use as work animals and mounts.

Tarmaggae is a cold region, although not the coldest, and as such it is devoid of most cold-blooded animals.
Covinex

The god of murder, assassination, slaughter and demons.

## History

He was the most prolific serial killer the world has ever known. He led a cult of people on a murdering spree and enjoyed torturing most of his victims before having his followers kill them. When he died, the gods sent his soul to the Hells. Here, he found a new calling, torturing the other souls trapped there to the point where they would be shaped into demons.

## Depiction

A human male. His face is always obscured by a hood, and when it is not, he is shown with no facial features.

## Temples

Temples to Covinex do not conventionally exist anywhere except in Remora, where they have a small building that serves as the church’s headquarters. Elsewhere, worshipers must meet in secret hideouts, or practice their faith alone in the basements or secret rooms of their own homes.

## Followers

### The Unseen

Even after his death, the cult has persisted as a league of assassins, known as The Unseen. They have a widespread influence across Mundekaar, and are readily available for hire to assassinate anyone from kings to peasants, as long as one has the gold for it.
Crannar Leannan

The saint of rebirth. He grants his followers the Nature domain.

## History

Crannar Leannan is the First Human, created by Himulad, although he was nothing more than a mere gentle beast. While wandering through the forest he found the Tree of Life, Mura, and ate a berry from its branches. This granted him intelligence, free will, and godhood. He was eager to share this with his fellow beasts, but could not share what little berries remained on Mura. He created a paste from them, allowing him to give each member of his community a small piece. This had a similar outcome, although greatly reduced in effect. Granted free will and intelligence, these beasts became human as well.

This greatly upset Auris, who had decreed that no more life was to be created. Although Crannar Leannan had no way of knowing this rule, Auris banned him from ever entering the realm of the gods. When he eventually died of old age, he discovered that his soul, having nowhere to go, remained on the material plane, where it reincarnated into another creature. When that happened again, Crannar realized that his godhood had granted him immortality.

## Depiction

Although his race, face and gender can change every time he dies, he retains his memories and power. He can always be found wearing the same things. He has ragged brown robes, and a walking stick- a twisted, gnarly root- which is said to be a root from the World Tree. He also carries with him a wooden amulet with his symbol burned into it, and he has a constant parade of small animals following him.

## Temples

Temples to Crannar Leannan don’t exist in traditional form. Small shrines may occasionally be found in remote parts of the wilderness, where animals tend to gather, or in strange, hidden places of great beauty.
Megan O'Brien

Megan O'Brien

**Megan O'Brien-Dodd** war die Tochter von Sean und Louise O'Brien, die Schwester von Walter und die Ehefrau von Sylvester Dodd. Sie bekam die Diagnose Multiple Sklerose (MS) und starb daran.

## **Biografie**

### Frühe Lebensjahre

Megan war als Kind oft krank. Als sie im Alter von 12 Jahren beispielsweise ein sehr schlimmes Fieber hatte, dachte Walter, dass sie sterben würde. Doch all das konnte sie nicht davon abhalten, ihren Bruder in der Schule zu beschützen.

## Galerie

1/1
Evelon

## History

Originally a Lyrathian woman, she and her tribe were captured by the ancient Candiran Empire. During her many years of enslavement she witnessed atrocities committed against her, her family and her friends, a rage slowly built inside of her until eventually it boiled over. At that point she led a slave revolt and rampaged across Candir, freeing countless slaves in a bloodthirsty quest for revenge. She eventually led the freed slaves back to Lyrathia, where they inspired the populace to push out the crumbling Empire. It is believed that her anger permeates the bloodline of many Lyrathians and it is what fuels the rage of barbarians. Among Lyrathian tribes, the rage is known as the Fire of Evelon.

## Symbolism

### The Chains of Evelon

The symbol- depicting a chain with each link broken- is very important in Lyrathian culture. The design can go on forever, and it is often found in the armor or weapons of religious figures or particularly important warriors. Despite the apparently contradictory imagery of broken chains, it is believed to give strength and resolve to those that bear the symbols on their persons.

### The Bear, The Eagle, The Wolf

The bear, the eagle, and the wolf are very important symbols in the mythology of Evelon. One of the many myths attributed to her is that, during her childhood as a Candiran slave, she was trained by spirits that manifested in the forms of these three animals. According to the myth, they assisted her as she escaped, guided her as she led the other slaves to freedom, and continued to help her throughout her life.
Saryn

## Depiction

She has two appearances. The first is that a beautiful young elven woman. Shy and submissive, she has rosy cheeks and pale, white skin, along with flowing red hair. She wears a green dress that flows like silk, but appears to be made of leaves. Her second appearance is similar. The face remains the same in general shape, but the dress disappears, and her body seems to be made of a rough, bark-like material. Her hair recedes, and is replaced with sharp thorns at the top of her head. Her eyes glow red. Random spots on her body seem to have thorns protruding from them. In this form she is wild, temperamental, seductive, angry and violent.

## Symbolism

The two faces of Saryn, representative of the duality of nature are prominent symbols in her worship.

## Temples

Temples to Saryn look like sikhara, overgrown with vegetation. Apart from Remora, temples to Saryn can never be found in cities. One must look to remote places in the wilderness, where flora and fauna go unchecked.

## Followers

Clerics to Saryn wear loose fitting clothing, usually as little as they can get away with wearing for the climate or culture they are in. The fabric is typically green or brown. They may carry wooden decorations or jewelry depicting flora and/or fauna.
Red Ribbon Army Headquarters

* Red

The **Red Ribbon Army Headquarters** is the main base for the infamous Red Ribbon Army.

## Overview

The headquarters of the Red Ribbon Army is led by commander Red, surrounded by deep forests. The headquarters has a watchtower, where the combatants of the military are stationed into various dormitories. It is divided into several districts and many rooms guarded by weapons such as cannons and turrets.
Trivery

Trivery is a warm and humid region located south of Arandas, west of Lyrathia and on the northern coast of the Erigan Sea.

 Terrain

Trivery has a multitude of terrains. The most notable of these terrain types are the gentle hills to the northwest and northeast, to the swamplands and grasslands that make up most of the region. Towards the coast, the region is home to many sandy beaches and saltwater marshes.

## Climate

The climate is typically warm. Temperatures in Trivery are around 75 to 90 degrees on average during the summer months, and 40 to 60 degrees on average in the winter months. During summer months, the region experiences heavy rainfall and powerful storms.

## Inhabitants

The region of Trivery is nearly completely comprised of humans. In the major cities of the region it is not uncommon to find halflings making a living as charlatans, peddlers or thieves, and in the markets of these cities you may also find merchant wood elves and hill dwarves.

As far as more intelligent monsters go, there are tribes of bullywugs and lizardfolk that live in the swamps, and orcs, goblins and hobgoblins make their homes in the hills. Occasionally you may also find roving bands of gnolls who have wandered in from Lyrathia or migrated south from Arandas.

## Flora

On the coastal areas of Trivery, palm trees are plentiful.

The crops found in Trivery are abundant and diverse. For food, rice, corn, soybeans, sweet potatoes, apples, oranges, grapefruit and peanuts are grown.

For commercial usage, plenty of tobacco and cotton is grown. Due to the abundant tobacco, smoking is a commonplace activity amongst the Trivery region.

Sugar cane also has a pretty strong place in the region’s economy.

## Settlements

Backwash • Everhall • Kingsholm • Remora • Rusk