Qing Empire

The **Qing Empire**, officially the **Empire of the Greater Qing**, is a nation in Asia and is one of the many governments in China.

## Background

### Xinhai Revolution

In the aftermath of the Boxer Rebellion, the Empress Dowager Cixi had the more reformist-minded Guangxu Emperor, Aisin-Gioro Zaitian, poisoned in order to replace him with the younger and more impressionable Puyi. However, the recent decades of unrest finally spilled over as republican revolutionary Sun Yat-sen's Tongmenghui party rose in revolt from Wuchang. By 1912, the revolt had spilled across much of China with even the army mutinying against Beijing. At the insistence of Yuan Shikai, who had been recalled by the Imperial Court, the Empress Dowager Longyu signed the abdication for the Boy Emperor.

### Restoration

In 1917, royalist general Zhang Xun led a coup against the government of Duan Qirui in the aftermath of Yuan Shikai's failed Empire and death. The coup attempt failed when the Anhui Clique army clamped down on the monarchists. Zhang would attempt a second attempt with the backing of the Fengtian Clique, led by Zhang Zuolin in 1919. With the securing of much of Northern China, Zhang Zuolin and Zhang Xun announced the restoration of the Qing Empire. Renaming the calendar year from Republic Year 8 to Xuantong Year 12, the warlords proclaimed the Son of Heaven had managed to wrest control of the Mandate from the failing Republic of China.

## Politics

The Qing Empire is an autocratic monarchy technically ruled by the Xuantong Emperor. However, the Emperor's cabinet is mostly made up of warlords from the Fengtian Clique, Western backed reformists and members of the Zongshedang party. Major parties in the Qing Empire include:

* Zongshedang-
	+ The ruling party of the Empire, the Zongshedang best known as the Royalists Party was founded by Liang Pi and Aisin-Gioro Shanqi during the Xinhai Revolution. Best known for its role in the restoration of the Qing Empire under Zhang Xun in 1919. The party is currently headed by Zheng Xiaoxu, a staunch Royalist.
* Imperial Way Movement-
	+ Inspired heavily by the militaristic Kodoha Faction in Japan, the Imperial Way Movement is a political force that formed during the turbulent 1920s in the aftermath of the Northern Expedition. It aims to secure all of China under the total rule under the Son of Heaven and is made up of Qing princes and Han loyalists. Its current leader is Aisin-Gioro Pujie, the brother to the Xuantong Emperor.
* Northeastern Army-
	+ The military wing of the Fengtian Clique, the Northeastern Army is both an army and a political clique in the Qing Empire. As the De Facto military of the Qing Empire, it exudes vast political sway over the Qing court and is headed by Zhang Xueliang, the son of Zhang Zuolin.
* Xuantong Reformist Party-
	+ Formed in early 1932, the Xuantong Reformist Party is a British supported political party that aims to bring the Qing Empire into a constitutional system. Focusing on economic stability and political reform, the Xuantong Reformist Party is led by Gobulo Runqi and advised by Reginald Johnston, the tutor to the Qing Emperor.
* Zhang Party-
	+ Not a party so much as a collective of oligarchs, generals and public officials that function in the Fengtian government. The Zhang Party aims to remain as the De Facto leader of the Qing Empire for as long as possible. It is led by Zhang Zuolin, the leader of the Fengtian Clique.
* Heavenly Way Association-
	+ Formed after a split in the Zongshedang, the Heavenly Way Association mix Qing monarchism with Taoist philosophy. It is currently leaderless but the Xuantong Emperor has expressed interest in the party's views before.

## Military

The Qing armed forces is the Qing Imperial Army. The Imperial Army is commanded by a mix of Manchu princes and Han generals. The Qing Empire also utilises the armed forces of the Fengtian Clique. Notable generals of the Qing Empire include:

### Manchu

* Aisin-Gioro Pujie
* Aisin-Gioro Zaitao
* Aisin-Gioro Xiqia
* Aisin-Gioro Puren
* Gobulo Runqi
* Aisin-Gioro Yuyan
* Aisin-Gioro Pulun
* Aisin-Gioro Puwei

### Han

* Zhang Zuolin
* Zhang Xueliang
* Zhang Xueming
* Zhang Jinghui
* Zhang Haipeng
* Yang Yutang

## Foreign Relations

The Qing Empire has-

* Territorial claims on the following nations:
	+ Bogd Khanate of Mongolia- Qing foreign policy declares suzerainty over Outer Mongolia and Tuva and recognises Inner Mongolia as rightful territory.
	+ Empire of Japan- Claiming the island of Formosa and the port of Dalian as Chinese territory.
	+ State of Manchuria- The Qing see the State of Manchuria as a renegade province.
	+ Kingdom of Tibet- Qing foreign policy declares suzerainty over Tibet.

* Hostile relations with the following nations:
	+ Republic of China- The Qing refuse to recognise the Republic of China as a legitimate state.
	+ Central Plains Alliance- The Qing refuse to recognise the Central Plains Alliance as a legitimate state.
	+ Guangdong Republic- The Qing refuse to recognise the Guangdong Republic as a legitimate state.
* Friendly ties with the following nations:
	+ Russian Republic
	+ United Kingdom
* Holds permanent cores on the following nations:
	+ Shanxi Clique
	+ Ningxia and Qinghai Ma Cliques
	+ Guominjun
	+ Xinjiang Clique
	+ Sichuan Clique
	+ Kumul Khanate
	+ New Guangxi Clique
	+ Yunnan Clique
	+ Shandong Clique
	+ Guizhou Clique
	+ Anhui Clique
	+ Zhili Clique