Bong Joon-ho

South Korean film director and screenwriterTemplate:SHORTDESC:South Korean film director and screenwriter[[Category:**Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Pagetype/config' not found.**s with short description]]

Template:Use mdy dates

* *Memories of Murder*
* *The Host*
* *Snowpiercer*
* *Okja*
* *Parasite*

**Bong Joon-ho**Template:Korean name 2 (Template:Ko-hhrm, Template:IPA-ko; born September 14, 1969) is a South Korean filmmaker. His films feature social themes, genre-mixing, black humor, and sudden tone shifts. In 2017, Metacritic ranked Bong 13th on its list of the 25 best film directors of the 21st century.

He first gained recognition for his second feature film, the crime drama *Memories of Murder* (2003), before achieving commercial success with his subsequent films; the monster film *The Host* (2006), the science fiction action film *Snowpiercer* (2013), and the black comedy thriller *Parasite* (2019), which are among the highest-grossing films in South Korea.

Two of his films have screened in competition at the Cannes Film Festival*—Okja* in 2017 and *Parasite* in 2019; the latter earned the Palme d'Or, which was a first for a South Korean film. For *Parasite*, Bong received Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Original Screenplay, and Best International Feature Film.

## Early life

Bong Joon-ho was born in Daegu, South Korea and is the youngest of four children. His father, Bong Sang-gyun, was a first-generation graphic designer, industrial designer, and professor of art at Yeungnam University and the head of the art department at the National Film Institute; his mother, Park So-young, was a full-time housewife. His father retired from Seoul Institute of Technology as a professor of design in 2007 and passed away in 2017. Bong's maternal grandfather, Park Taewon, was an esteemed author during the Japanese colonial period, best known for his work *A Day in the Life of Kubo the Novelist* and his defection to North Korea in 1950. His older brother, Bong Joon-soo, is an English professor at the Seoul National University; his older sister, Bong Ji-hee, teaches fashion styling at Anyang University. Currently, Bong's son, Bong Hyo-min, is also a film director.

He wanted to be a film director ever since he was fourteen-years-old and was able to see his father always drawing when he was young. Naturally, Bong imitated his father and had the opportunity to practice comic and storyboarding since the age of five, including drawing and arranging cartoon shots. While he was in elementary school, the family relocated to Seoul, taking up residence in Jamsil-dong by the Han River. In 1988, Bong enrolled in Yonsei University, majoring in sociology. College campuses such as Yonsei's were then hotbeds for the South Korean democracy movement; Bong was an active participant of student demonstrations, frequently subjected to tear gas early in his college years. He served a two-year term in the military in accordance with South Korea's compulsory military service before returning to college in 1992. Bong later co-founded a film club named "Yellow Door" with students from neighboring universities. As a member of the club, Bong made his first films, including a stop motion short titled *Looking for Paradise* and 16 mm short titled *Baeksaekin (White Man)*. He graduated from Yonsei University in 1995.

In the early 1990s, Bong completed a two-year program at the Korean Academy of Film Arts. While there, he made many 16 mm short films. His graduation films, *Incoherence* and *Memories in My Frame*, were invited to screen at the Hong Kong International Film Festival and Vancouver International Film Festival. Bong also collaborated on several works with his classmates, which included working as cinematographer on the highly acclaimed short *2001 Imagine* (1994), directed by his friend Jang Joon-hwan. Aside from cinematography, Bong was also a lighting technician on two shorts—*The Love of a Grape Seed* and *Sounds From Heaven and Earth*—in 1994. Eventually, he suffered severe hardships for more than ten years while working on film production. In his early stages as a film director, Bong received a meager salary of 1900 dollars per year (US$3800 = 4,500,000 won per two year). It was hard for him to make a living and he barely made enough to buy rice, so he had to borrow rice from his university's alumni.

## Career

After graduating, he spent the next five years contributing in various capacities to works by other directors. He received a partial screenplay credit on the anthology film *Seven Reasons Why Beer is Better Than a Lover* (1996); both screenplay and assistant director credits on Park Ki-yong's debut *Motel Cactus* (1997); and is one of four writers (along with Jang Joon-hwan) credited for the screenplay of *Phantom: The Submarine* (1999).

### Early directing work

Shortly afterwards, Bong began shooting his first feature *Barking Dogs Never Bite* (2000) under producer Cha Seung-jae, who had overseen the production of both *Motel Cactus* and *Phantom: The Submarine*. The film, about a low-ranking university lecturer who abducts a neighbor's dog, was shot in the same apartment complex where Bong had lived after his marriage. At the time of its release in February 2000, it received little commercial interest but some positive critical reviews. It was invited to the competition section of Spain's San Sebastián International Film Festival, and won awards at the Slamdance Film Festival and Hong Kong International Film Festival. Slowly building international word of mouth also helped the film financially; over two years after its local release, the film reached its financial break-even point due to sales to overseas territories.Template:Better source

Bong's second film, *Memories of Murder* (2003), a much larger project, was adapted from a stage play centered on a real-life serial killer who terrorized a rural town in the 1980s and was never caught (although a suspect confessed to the crime in 2019). Production of the film was a difficult process (the film set a local record for the number of locations it utilized).Template:Fact It was released in April 2003 and proved a critical and popular success. Word of mouth drove the film to sell over five million tickets (rescuing Cha Seung-jae's production company Sidus from near-bankruptcy), and a string of local honors followed, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor (for Song Kang-ho) and Best Lighting prizes at the Grand Bell Awards in 2003. Although passed over by the Cannes Film Festival and Venice Film Festival, the film eventually received its international premiere, again at the San Sebastián International Film Festival, where it picked up three awards including Best Director. The film also received an unusually strong critical reception on its release in foreign territories, such as France and the U.S.

 File:Bong Joon-Ho at 2010 Independent Spirit Awards.jpg
Following this, Bong took some time to contribute short films to two anthology film projects. *Influenza* (2004) is a 30-minute work acted out entirely in front of real CCTV cameras stationed throughout Seoul. The film, which charts a desperate man's turn to violent crime over the space of five years, was commissioned by the Jeonju International Film Festival, together with works by Japanese director Sogo Ishii and Hong Kong-based Yu Lik-wai. *Twentidentity*, meanwhile, is a 20-part anthology film made by alumni of the Korean Academy of Film Arts, on the occasion of the school's 20th anniversary. Bong's contribution is *Sink & Rise* (2003), a work set alongside the Han River.

### International success

*The Host* (2006) marked a step up in scale in Bong's career, and indeed for the Korean film industry as a whole. The big-budget ($12 million) work centered on a fictional monster that rises up out of the Han River to wreak havoc on the people of Seoul—and on one family in particular. Featuring many of the actors who had appeared in his previous films, the film was the focus of strong audience interest even before it started shooting, but there were many doubts raised about whether a Korean production could rise to the challenge of creating a full-fledged, believable digital monster. After initially contacting New Zealand's Weta Digital—the company responsible for the CGI in *The Lord of the Rings*—scheduling conflicts led Bong to San Francisco-based The Orphanage, who took on the majority of the effects work. After rushing to meet deadlines, the film received a rapturous premiere in the Directors' Fortnight section of the 2006 Cannes Film Festival. Although local audiences were slightly more critical of *The Host* than attendees at Cannes, the film was nonetheless a major summer hit. With theater owners calling for more and more prints, the film enjoyed South Korea's widest release ever (on over a third of the nation's 1,800 screens) and set a new box office record with 13 million tickets sold. *The Host* was quickly sold around the world, and US studio Universal bought the remake rights.

Bong, along with Michel Gondry and French director Leos Carax, directed a segment of *Tokyo!* (2008), a triptych feature telling three separate tales of the city. Bong's segment is about a man who has lived for a decade as a *Hikikomori*—the term used in Japan for people unable to adjust to society who do not leave their homes—and what happens when he falls in love with a pizza delivery girl.

Bong's fourth feature film *Mother* (2009) is the story of a doting mother who struggles to save her disabled son from a murder accusation. It premiered in the *Un Certain Regard* section at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival to much acclaim, particularly for actress Kim Hye-ja; she went on to win the Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress. *Mother* repeated its critical success locally and in the international film festival circuit. The film appeared on many film critics' "best-of" lists of 2010.

In 2011, Bong contributed to *3.11 A Sense of Home*, another anthology film, each segment being 3 minutes and 11 seconds in duration, addressing the theme of home. The films were made by 21 filmmakers in response to the devastating earthquake and tsunami which hit the Tohoku region of Japan on March 11, 2011. The film screened on the first anniversary of the disaster. In Bong's short film *Iki*, a teenage girl finds a toddler, seemingly dead, on a beach.

That same year, Bong served as a jury member for the 27th Sundance Film Festival. He was also the head of the jury for the Caméra d'Or section of the 2011 Cannes Film Festival and 2013 Edinburgh International Film Festival.

### American co-productions

 File:Bong Joon-ho Deauville 2013.jpg
Bong's first English-language film, *Snowpiercer*, was released in 2013. It is based on the graphic novel *Le Transperceneige* (1982) by Jacques Lob and Jean-Marc Rochette, and set largely on a futuristic train where those on board are separated according to their social status. The film premiered at Times Square on July 29, 2013 in Seoul, South Korea, before screening at the Deauville American Film Festival as the closing film on September 7, 2013, the Berlin International Film Festival as part of Berlin's Forum Sidebar on February 7, 2014, opening the LA Film Festival on June 11, 2014, and the Edinburgh International Film Festival on June 22, 2014. Upon release in cinemas, *Snowpiercer* was met with near-universal praise and strong ticket sales, both in South Korea and abroad. On the film review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 95% based on 243 reviews, with a weighted average of 8.13/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "*Snowpiercer* offers an audaciously ambitious action spectacular for filmgoers numb to effects-driven blockbusters." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 84 out of 100, based on 38 critics, indicating "universal acclaim". As of April 2014[update]Template:Dated maintenance category, it is the tenth highest-grossing domestic film in South Korea, with 9,350,141 admissions. The film also holds the domestic record for the fastest movie (domestic and foreign) to reach four million admissions, which it achieved in its fifth day after the premiere, and another record for the highest weekend figure (from Friday to Sunday) for a Korean film, with 2.26 million viewers. In addition to receiving several awards and nominations, *Snowpiercer* appeared on several critics' lists of the ten best films of 2014.

In 2015, Bong's next film, *Okja*, was announced. On April 30, 2015, screenwriter Jon Ronson announced on his Twitter account that he was writing the second draft of Bong's screenplay for the film. Darius Khondji joined the film as cinematographer in February 2016. Filming for the project began in April 2016. It premiered at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival, where it competed for the Palme d'Or and sparked controversy due to it being produced by Netflix. The film was met with boos, mixed with applause, during a press screening at the film festival, once the Netflix logo appeared on screen and again during a technical glitch; the film was projected in the incorrect aspect ratio for its first seven minutes. The festival later issued an apology to the filmmakers. However, despite the studio's negative response, the film itself received a four-minute standing ovation following its actual premiere. The film was later released on Netflix on June 28, 2017, and received positive reviews. On the film review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 86% based on 223 reviews, with a weighted average of 7.54/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "*Okja* sees Bong Joon-ho continuing to create defiantly eclectic entertainment – and still hitting more than enough of his narrative targets in the midst of a tricky tonal juggling act." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 75 out of 100, based on 36 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". *New York Times* critic A. O. Scott wrote, "*Okja* is a miracle of imagination and technique, and *Okja* insists, with abundant mischief and absolute sincerity, that she possesses a soul."

### *Parasite* (2019)

 File:Bong Joon-ho FilmFest Muenchen 04Jul2019.jpg
In 2019, Bong directed the South Korean film *Parasite*, a black comedy thriller about a poor family that infiltrates a wealthy household by gaining employment as staff. The film premiered at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Palme d'Or, becoming the first Korean film to receive the award and the first film to do so with a unanimous vote since *Blue Is the Warmest Colour* at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. On June 16, 2019, the film won the $60,000 Sydney Film Prize at the Sydney Film Festival where it was in competition alongside eleven other features from countries such as North Macedonia, Brazil and Spain, and Australian entrants Mirrah Foulkes (for *Judy and Punch*) and Ben Lawrence (for *Hearts and Bones*).

*Parasite* was released in South Korea by CJ Entertainment on May 30, 2019, and in the United States by Neon in late 2019. It received widespread critical acclaim and earned $115 million at the worldwide box office, becoming Bong's highest-grossing release. On the film review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 99% based on 426 reviews, with a weighted average of 9.37/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "An urgent, brilliantly layered look at timely social themes, *Parasite* finds writer-director Bong Joon Ho in near-total command of his craft." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 96 out of 100, based on 52 critics, indicating "universal acclaim". Regarding motivation of the film's creation, Bong hoped that he would live a comfortable life, however he was disappointed several times in reality. He wanted to express the anxiety, sadness, and deep fear that came from reality of life via his film.

Throughout the 2019–2020 film awards season, Bong and the film received numerous accolades. Bong received the Hollywood Filmmaker Award at the 23rd Hollywood Film Awards and Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Director (tied with Sam Mendes for *1917*) at the 25th Critics' Choice Awards. He was also nominated for Best Director and Best Screenplay (shared with Han Jin-won) at the 77th Golden Globe Awards, with the film itself winning Best Foreign Language Film. This was the first Golden Globe Award nomination (and win) for any South Korean film. *Parasite* also became the first non-English-language film to win the top prize at the 70th American Cinema Editors Eddie Awards when film editor Yang Jin-mo won Best Edited Feature Film – Dramatic. At the 26th Screen Actors Guild Awards, the cast of *Parasite* won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture, making history as the first foreign-language film to win in the category. At the 73rd British Academy Film Awards, *Parasite* was nominated in four categories, winning two awards—Best Original Screenplay and Best Film Not in the English Language. It was also nominated in eleven categories at the 2020 Gold Derby Awards, winning six awards, including Best Motion Picture and Best Director. Shortly afterwards, the film was nominated in eight categories at the 2010–2019 Gold Derby Film Decade Awards, winning the same exact six awards from the 2020 Gold Derby Awards. Additionally, the International Cinephile Society nominated the film in eight categories, winning three awards—Best Ensemble, Best Original Screenplay, and Best Production Design.

*Parasite* was later submitted as the South Korean entry for Best International Feature Film for the 92nd Academy Awards, making the December shortlist. It eventually became the first South Korean film to receive an Academy Award nomination in any category, receiving a total of six nominations and winning four awards—Best Picture, Best Director, Best Original Screenplay, and Best International Feature Film. This was also the first time a non-English language film won the Academy Award for Best Picture and the first time Asian writers won Academy Awards for screenwriting. While accepting the Academy Award for Best Director, Bong expressed his deep respect and appreciation for fellow nominees Martin Scorsese, who inspired his work, and Quentin Tarantino, who supported and praised his earlier films. He also mentioned a quote from Scorsese—"The most personal is the most creative"—that also inspired him; the legendary director then received a standing ovation from the audience. Scorsese later wrote and sent a heartfelt letter to Bong after *Parasite*'s Oscar success. *Parasite*'s Best Picture win was well-received by film critics, who hailed it as a major step forward for popular appreciation of international film and for restoring the legitimacy of the Academy. "The academy gave best picture to the actual best picture", wrote Justin Chang of the *Los Angeles Times*, who continued that the film awards body was "startled ... into recognizing that no country's cinema has a monopoly on greatness". Conversely, U.S. president Donald Trump lambasted *Parasite*'s win at a campaign rally in Colorado on February 20, 2020; his comments were widely condemned as "xenophobic" and "racist". Neon responded by tweeting: "Understandable, he can't read."

In January 2020, an HBO six-hour limited series based on the film, with Bong and Adam McKay serving as executive producers, currently in early development, was announced as an upcoming project. Bong has stated that the series, also titled *Parasite*, will explore stories "that happen in between the sequences in the film". In February 2020, Mark Ruffalo was rumored to star while Tilda Swinton was confirmed to being cast as the female lead.

## Personal life

Bong was a member of the now-defunct New Progressive Party. He has also voiced support for its predecessor, the Democratic Labor Party.

## Inspirations and style

As a child, Bong watched *Black Orpheus* (1959), which made a big impact on him, on Korean television. While he was in film school, Bong watched the *Qatsi* trilogy (1982–2002). His main inspirations are from Guillermo del Toro—his favorite films of del Toro's are *The Devil's Backbone* (2001) and *Pan's Labyrinth* (2006)—and Oshima Nagisa, describing Nagisa as "one of the most controversial masters". Bong also studied the films of Martin Scorsese and cited him as one of his major influences during his acceptance speech for the Academy Award for Best Director when he won for *Parasite* (2019). His process when working with actors is to make them feel comfortable and gives them a high amount of freedom when performing, even allowing them to improvise. Bong has commented that he doesn't like the term 'Directing Actors' as he feels that "acting is the actor's job and it's something I don't feel like I can direct".

The most defining trademark of Bong's films are their sudden tone shifts (sometimes within scenes) between drama, darkness, and black or slapstick humor. During a TIFF Master Class at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival, Bong claimed: "I'm never really conscious of the tone shifts or the comedy that I apply, I never think 'oh, the tone shifts at this point or it's funny at this point.' I'm never conscious of it during the filmmaking or screenwriting process." Bong also uses real filming locations or specially built sets in all his films as opposed to green screens, even to the extent of filming in Seoul's sewers for *The Host* (2006); *Memories of Murder* (2003) set a local record for the number of locations it utilized.

In an interview promoting *Snowpiercer* (2013), actor Ed Harris described Bong's shooting process as "cutting while filming". Harris also said that "if I was doing a scene and it was a couple of pages long, he would never shoot the whole thing one way. He'd shoot a few lines, like the first beat of the scene, and then he would turn the camera around and get my part for that part of the scene. Then he would change the angle a little bit". He additionally noted that "the editor was sitting right there on the stage, right below the set with a big tent, actually getting the footage as they were filming. Fellow actor Daniel Henshall echoed Harris' sentiment calling Bong "precise" and "very sure of what he wants". Henshall continued by saying, "He only shoots what he's going to use in the edit. Doesn't do any coverage. I've never worked like that before. You're trimming the fat before you've shot it, which is very brave, because when you get into the edit, if something's missing you haven't got it. He's been planning it for four years that meticulously".

### Acting

 2002
 2008
 2012

## Awards and nominations

*Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Bong Joon-ho*

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Paquet, Darcy (February 28, 2008). "The Bong Joon Ho Page". Koreanfilm.org. Archived on May 15, 2008. Template:Citation error. http://www.koreanfilm.org/bongjoonho.html. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
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Dietz, Jason (July 19, 2017). "25 Best Film Directors of the 21st Century (So Far): Bong Joon-ho", Metacritic. Retrieved on March 11, 2018. Archived from the original on February 25, 2018.
3. ↑ "Box Office: All Time". Korean Film Council. Archived on March 12, 2018. Template:Citation error. http://www.koreanfilm.or.kr/jsp/news/boxOffice\_AllTime.jsp?mode=BOXOFFICE\_ALLTIME. Retrieved March 11, 2018.
4. ↑ Debruge, Peter (May 25, 2019). "Bong Joon-ho's 'Parasite' Wins the Palme d'Or at Cannes". Archived on June 5, 2019. Template:Citation error. https://variety.com/2019/film/news/cannes-film-festival-2019-winners-1203225973/. Retrieved May 26, 2019.
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Pulver, Andrew (May 25, 2019). "Bong Joon-ho's Parasite wins Palme d'Or at Cannes film festival" (in en-GB), *The Guardian*. Retrieved on May 27, 2019. Archived from the original on June 5, 2019.
6. ↑ Ordona, Michael (February 10, 2020). "Why Bong Joon Ho actually won three Oscars this year, not four" (in en), *Los Angeles Times*. Retrieved on February 10, 2020.
7. ↑ Buchanan, Kyle (February 9, 2020). "'Parasite' Earns Best-Picture Oscar, First for a Movie Not in English" (in en), *The New York Times*. Retrieved on February 10, 2020.
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Jung, E. Alex (October 7, 2019). "Bong Joon-ho's Dystopia Is Already Here The Korean director's ruthless, bleak new film Parasite is the most fun you'll have in theaters this fall.", Vulture. Retrieved on January 25, 2020. Archived from the original on January 15, 2020.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "봉준호 감독 집안 알고보니 '로열패밀리" (in Korean), JoongAng Ilbo (February 18, 2009). Retrieved on February 8, 2020. Archived from the original on February 21, 2009.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Template:Cite book
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "'기생충' 봉준호 감독이 걸어온 길…눈부신 20년 그 뒤에는" (in Korean), Mediapen (February 10, 2020). Retrieved on February 25, 2020.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 ""코로나" 암울 날려버린 영화감독 Bong J.H." (in Korean), joonganglawnews (February 12, 2020). Retrieved on February 25, 2020.
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Russell, Mark (May 28, 2006). "Unlike His Peers, the Director Bong Joon-Ho Likes Ideas and Metaphors", *The New York Times*. Retrieved on January 25, 2020. Archived from the original on January 25, 2020.
14. ↑ "Bong Joon Ho: Writing New Chapter in Korean Film History". Korean Broadcasting System. November 15, 2006. Archived on February 19, 2013. Template:Citation error. http://english.kbs.co.kr/Archives/index.html?sec=people&No=5391. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
15. ↑ Paquet, Darcy. "Barking Dogs Never Bite". Koreanfilm.org. Archived on October 3, 2012. Template:Citation error. http://koreanfilm.org/kfilm00.html#dogs. Retrieved October 11, 2012.
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"page", Thomas. "Bong Joon Ho had a big year. And not just because of 'Parasite'", CNN. Retrieved on January 22, 2020. Archived from the original on January 15, 2020.
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Koreafilm (February 14, 2008). "The Bong Joon-ho Page". https://www.koreanfilm.org/bongjoonho.html. Retrieved February 9, 2020.
18. ↑ Sedia, Giuseppe (February 14, 2008). "An Interview with Bong Joon Ho". Koreanfilm.org. Archived on May 22, 2010. Template:Citation error. http://www.koreanfilm.org/bongjh.html. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
19. ↑ Noh, Jean (August 23, 2007). "Bong Joon Ho begins shoot on his part of Tokyo omnibus". *Screen International*. Archived on September 14, 2015. Template:Citation error. http://www.screendaily.com/bong-joon-ho-begins-shoot-on-his-part-of-tokyo-omnibus/4034131.article. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
20. ↑ Finke, Nikki (December 12, 2010). "'Social Network' Wins LA Film Critics Award". *Deadline Hollywood*. https://deadline.com/2010/12/la-film-critics-2010-award-winners-part-1-90244/. Retrieved December 12, 2010.
21. ↑ "2010 Film Critic Top Ten Lists". Metacritic. December 9, 2010. Archived on November 5, 2012. Template:Citation error. http://www.metacritic.com/feature/film-critic-top-ten-lists. Retrieved May 25, 2017.
22. ↑ Gray, Jason (May 18, 2011). "Naomi Kawase boards two short film initiatives". *Screen International*. Archived on September 12, 2011. Template:Citation error. http://www.screendaily.com/news/asia-pacific/naomi-kawase-boards-two-short-film-initiatives/5027817.article. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
23. ↑ "Iki". Asiana International Short Film Festival. http://en.aisff.org/?dt\_portfolio=iki. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
24. ↑ Park, Soo-mee (January 11, 2011). "Korean Director Bong Joins Sundance Jury". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Archived on January 12, 2011. Template:Citation error. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/korean-director-bong-joins-sundance-70457. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
25. ↑ Min, Ines (January 1, 2011). "Bong Joon Ho joins Sundance jury". *The Korea Times*. Archived on March 4, 2016. Template:Citation error. http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2011/01/135\_79501.html. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
26. ↑ "Bong Joon Ho to head Cannes debut filmmaker panel". BBC News. April 8, 2011. Archived on November 22, 2018. Template:Citation error. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-13010124. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
27. ↑ Tartaglione, Nancy (April 7, 2011). "Bong Joon Ho to lead Cannes Camera d'Or jury". *Screen International*. Archived on November 12, 2014. Template:Citation error. http://www.screendaily.com/festivals/cannes/bong-joon-ho-to-lead-cannes-camera-dor-jury/5025965.article. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
28. ↑ Knegt, Peter (May 21, 2013). "Bong Joon Ho To Head Edinburgh Jury". IndieWire. Archived on June 7, 2013. Template:Citation error. http://www.indiewire.com/article/bong-joon-ho-to-head-edinburgh-jury. Retrieved June 7, 2013.
29. ↑ Kim, Young-gyo (May 27, 2008). "Film adaptation of French dystopian comic to go global: Bong". Yonhap News Agency. Archived on February 9, 2012. Template:Citation error. http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/Features/2008/05/27/93/0801000000AEN20080526006100315F.HTML. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
30. ↑ Noh, Jean (July 17, 2012). "Bong Joon Ho wraps Snowpiercer in Prague". *Screen International*. Archived on October 4, 2013. Template:Citation error. http://www.screendaily.com/news/asia-pacific/bong-joon-ho-wraps-snow-piercer-in-prague/5044425.article. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
31. ↑ Schou, Solvej (October 29, 2012). "Coming to America: South Korea's top directors on hitting Hollywood with English language films". *Entertainment Weekly*. Archived on November 3, 2012. Template:Citation error. http://insidemovies.ew.com/2012/10/29/south-korea-top-directors-park-chan-wook-kim-jee-woon-bong-joon-ho/. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
32. ↑ Paquet, Darcy (April 30, 2013). "What SNOWPIERCER Means to the Korean Film Industry: PART 1 - The summit of KOREAN Film's ambition". Korean Cinema Today. Archived on October 13, 2013. Template:Citation error. http://koreanfilm.or.kr/webzine/sub/news.jsp?mode=A\_VIEW&wbSeq=218. Retrieved June 7, 2013.
33. ↑ Bechervaise, Jason (April 30, 2013). "BONG Joon-ho, Director of SNOWPIERCER: PART 2 - INTERVIEW "I wanted to make a very exciting train and sci-fi movie"". Korean Cinema Today. Archived on October 12, 2013. Template:Citation error. http://koreanfilm.or.kr/webzine/sub/interview.jsp?mode=A\_VIEW&wbSeq=45. Retrieved June 7, 2013.
34. ↑ "Snowpiercer VIP premiere to be held on July 28", Yahoo! (July 30, 2013). Retrieved on July 30, 2013. Archived from the original on October 27, 2014.
35. ↑ "Deauville American Film Festival Adds 'Snowpiercer' as Closing Film", *The Hollywood Reporter* (August 20, 2014). Retrieved on August 20, 2014. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014.
36. ↑ "Berlin: Boong Joon-ho's 'Snowpiercer' Gets Forum Special Screening", *The Hollywood Reporter* (January 23, 2014). Retrieved on July 9, 2014. Archived from the original on September 1, 2014.
37. ↑ "'Snowpiercer' to Open Los Angeles Film Festival", *The Hollywood Reporter* (April 1, 2014). Retrieved on July 9, 2014. Archived from the original on June 8, 2014.
38. ↑ "Snowpiercer", Edinburgh International Film Festival (June 22, 2014). Retrieved on June 22, 2014. Archived from the original on July 4, 2014.
39. ↑ "Box Office: July 25-August 7, 2013". Archived on May 20, 2014. Template:Citation error. http://www.koreanfilm.or.kr/jsp/news/reports.jsp?pageIndex=2&blbdComCd=601008&seq=257&mode=VIEW&returnUrl=&searchKeyword=. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
40. ↑ "Snowpiercer (2014)". Rotten Tomatoes. https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/snowpiercer/. Retrieved March 10, 2020.
41. ↑ "Snowpiercer (2014)". Metacritic. Archived on June 26, 2014. Template:Citation error. http://www.metacritic.com/movie/snowpiercer. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
42. ↑ "Box Office: July 25 – August 7, 2013". Archived from the original on January 2, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150102221639/http://www.koreanfilm.or.kr/jsp/news/reports.jsp?pageIndex=2&blbdComCd=601008&seq=257&mode=VIEW. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
43. ↑ "Best of 2014: Film Critic Top Ten Lists". Metacritic. Archived from the original on December 27, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141227042842/http://www.metacritic.com/feature/film-critic-top-10-lists-best-movies-of-2014. Retrieved December 6, 2014.
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"Bong Joon Ho Will Film His Next Project In The U.S. And Korea", KDrama Stars (April 8, 2015). Retrieved on May 4, 2015. Archived from the original on May 5, 2015.
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46. ↑ Stellarise (February 3, 2016). "Bong Joon-ho, Netflix and Darius Khondji join forces for Okja". Archived on May 26, 2019. Template:Citation error. https://asianmoviepulse.com/2016/02/bong-joon-ho-netflix-darius-khondji-join-forces-okja/. Retrieved May 26, 2019.
47. ↑ Romano, Nick (April 22, 2016). "Bong Joon Ho's 'Okja' Starts Filming with Tilda Swinton, Jake Gyllenhaal". Archived on October 25, 2016. Template:Citation error. http://collider.com/bong-joon-ho-okja-starts-filming/. Retrieved April 22, 2016.
48. ↑ Sharf, Zack; Sharf, Zack (June 7, 2017). "'Okja' Rejected By 93% of South Korean Movie Theaters Over Netflix Controversy" (in en). IndieWire. Archived on February 23, 2018. Template:Citation error. https://www.indiewire.com/2017/06/okja-south-korea-rejected-netflix-bong-joon-ho-1201838682/. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
49. ↑ Lang, Brent (May 19, 2017). "Cannes Apologizes For 'Okja' Screening Technical Glitches". *Variety*. Archived on May 19, 2017. Template:Citation error. https://variety.com/2017/film/markets-festivals/okja-netflix-cannes-screening-boos-1202436483/. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
50. ↑ Ryan, Patrick (May 19, 2017). "Cannes: Netflix's controversial 'Okja' gets booed for technical snafu". *USA Today*. Archived on May 20, 2017. Template:Citation error. https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2017/05/19/ojka-netflix-cannes-film-festival/101868808/. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
51. ↑ Waxman, Sharon; Pond, Steve (May 19, 2017). "Netflix's 'Okja' Booed at First Press Screening in Cannes". *TheWrap*. Archived on May 19, 2017. Template:Citation error. http://www.thewrap.com/netflix-okja-booed-press-screening-cannes/. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
52. ↑ Mumford, Gwilym (May 19, 2017). "Cannes apologises after technical problems and booing disrupts Netflix film Okja". *The Guardian*. Archived on May 19, 2017. Template:Citation error. https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/may/19/cannes-apologises-after-technical-problems-booing-disrupts-netflix-film-okja. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
53. ↑ Gardner, Chris (May 19, 2017). "Cannes: Netflix's 'Okja' Premiere Gets Four-Minute Standing Ovation After Press Screening Snafu". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Archived on May 21, 2017. Template:Citation error. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/okja-netflixs-cannes-premiere-gets-four-minute-standing-ovation-press-screening-snafu-1005530. Retrieved May 22, 2017.
54. ↑ "First Teaser for Bong Joon-ho's Okja, Coming to Netflix". ComingSoon.net. February 28, 2017. Archived on March 1, 2017. Template:Citation error. http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/trailers/819645-first-teaser-for-bong-joon-hos-okja-coming-to-netflix. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
55. ↑ "Okja (2017)". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived on June 17, 2017. Template:Citation error. https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/okja/. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
56. ↑ "Okja (2017)". Metacritic. Archived on May 20, 2017. Template:Citation error. http://www.metacritic.com/movie/okja. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
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Scott, A. O. (June 27, 2017). "Review: In 'Okja,' a Girl and Her Pig Take on the Food Industrial Complex" (in en), *The New York Times*. Retrieved on June 30, 2017. Archived from the original on July 6, 2017.
58. ↑ Hong, You-kyoung (January 24, 2018). "Bong Joon-ho's next film has a cast". *Korea JoongAng Daily*. http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3043679. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
59. ↑ Sharf, Zack (May 25, 2019). "Bong Joon-ho Makes Cannes History As First Korean Director to Win Palme d'Or". IndieWire. https://www.indiewire.com/2019/05/bong-joon-ho-palme-dor-first-korean-director-cannes-1202144821/. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
60. ↑ "AWARDS". Sydney Film Festival. https://www.sff.org.au/program/awards/. Retrieved June 16, 2019.
61. ↑ Jefferson, Dee (June 16, 2019). "Bong Joon-ho's Parasite wins Sydney Film Festival official competition prize". Sydney Film Festival. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-06-16/sydney-film-festival-winners-parasite-erica-glynn-documentary/11174160. Retrieved June 16, 2019.
62. ↑ Westwood, Matthew (June 16, 2019). "Bong disregards convention and follows Palme d'Or with Sydney". *The Australian*. https://www.theaustralian.com.au/arts/film/bong-disregards-convention-and-follows-palme-dor-with-sydney/news-story/ecc4aebfa04d6a34d84de24ea69a8e11. Retrieved June 16, 2019.
63. ↑ Fuster, Jeremy (November 3, 2019). "'Parasite' Sets New Record for Director Bong Joon-Ho at Indie Box Office". *TheWrap*. https://www.thewrap.com/parasite-sets-new-record-for-director-bong-joon-ho-at-indie-box-office/. Retrieved November 3, 2019.
64. ↑ "Parasite (2019)". Rotten Tomatoes. https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/parasite\_2019/. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
65. ↑ "Parasite (2019)". Metacritic. http://www.metacritic.com/movie/parasite. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
66. ↑ Hipes, Patrick (November 3, 2019). "Hollywood Film Awards 2019: The Complete Winners List". *Deadline Hollywood*. https://deadline.com/2019/11/hollywood-film-awards-2019-winners-list-1202755151/. Retrieved November 3, 2019.
67. ↑ Haylock, Zoe (January 13, 2020). "Bong Joon Ho and Sam Mendes Tie for Best Director at the 2020 Critics' Choice Awards". *Deadline Hollywood*. https://www.vulture.com/2020/01/critics-choice-2020-complete-list-of-winner.html. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
68. ↑ Boucher, Geoff; Ramos, Dino-Ray (January 12, 2020). "Critics' Choice Awards: 'Once Upon A Time In Hollywood' Wins Best Picture, Netflix And HBO Among Top Honorees – Full Winners List". *Deadline Hollywood*. https://deadline.com/2020/01/critics-choice-awards-2020-winners-list-1202828353/. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
69. ↑ Howard, Annie; Konerman, Jennifer; Nordyke, Kimberly (December 9, 2019). "Golden Globes: Full List of Nominations". *The Hollywood Reporter*. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/2020-golden-globes-nominations-full-list-1259626. Retrieved December 9, 2019.
70. ↑ THR Staff (January 5, 2020). "Golden Globes: The Complete Winners List". *The Hollywood Reporter*. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/2020-golden-globes-winners-full-list-updating-live-1265577. Retrieved January 5, 2020.
71. ↑ Kil, Sonia (January 6, 2020). "South Korea Celebrates as 'Parasite' Takes Country's First Golden Globes Win". *Variety*. https://variety.com/2020/film/asia/korea-celebrates-parasite-golden-globes-win-1203457949/. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
72. ↑ Pedersen, Erik; Grobar, Matt (January 17, 2020). "Eddie Awards: 'Parasite' & 'Jojo Rabbit' Take Top Film Prizes From American Cinema Editors". *Deadline Hollywood*. https://deadline.com/2020/01/ace-eddie-awards-2020-winners-list-1202834658/. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
73. ↑ Tangcay, Jazz (January 8, 2020). "'Parasite' Makes History as First Foreign Language Film to Win Top Prize Ace Eddie Awards". Yahoo! Finance. https://www.finance.yahoo.com/amphtml/news/parasite-makes-history-first-foreign-072031113.html. Retrieved January 8, 2020.
74. ↑ Drury, Sharareh (January 19, 2020). "'Parasite' Makes History With Best Cast Win at SAG Awards". *The Hollywood Reporter*. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/sag-awards-parasite-wins-best-performance-by-a-cast-a-motion-picture-1271027. Retrieved January 19, 2020.
75. ↑ "Bafta film awards 2020: Joker leads nominations amid diversity row". BBC News. 8 January 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-51009468. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
76. ↑ "Baftas 2020: Sam Mendes film 1917 dominates awards". BBC News. 2 February 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-51324805. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
77. ↑ Montgomery, Daniel; Beachum, Chris; Dixon, Marcus James; Eng, Joyce; Laws, Zach; Sheehan, Paul; Wloszczyna, Susan (January 21, 2019). "2020 Gold Derby Film Awards nominations: 'Parasite' and 'Once Upon a Time in Hollywood' lead with 11". Gold Derby. https://www.goldderby.com/article/2020/gold-derby-film-awards-nominations-parasite/. Retrieved January 21, 2019.
78. ↑ Montgomery, Daniel; Beachum, Chris; Dixon, Marcus James; Eng, Joyce; Laws, Zach; Wloszczyna, Susan (February 4, 2020). "2020 Gold Derby Film Awards: 'Parasite' wins 6 including Best Picture, Joaquin Phoenix and Lupita Nyong'o take lead prizes". Gold Derby. https://www.goldderby.com/article/2020/18th-gold-derby-film-awards-winners-list-parasite/. Retrieved February 4, 2020.
79. ↑ Montgomery, Daniel; Beachum, Chris; James Dixon, Marcus; Eng, Joyce; Laws, Zach; Wloszczyna, Susan (February 25, 2020). "Gold Derby Film Decade Awards 2010-2019 nominations: 'La La Land,' 'Mad Max,' 'Parasite' and 'Inception' lead the way". Gold Derby. https://www.goldderby.com/feature/gold-derby-film-decade-awards-nominations-la-la-land-parasite-1203359322/. Retrieved February 25, 2020.
80. ↑ Montgomery, Daniel; Beachum, Chris; James Dixon, Marcus; Eng, Joyce; Sheehan, Paul; Laws, Zach (March 10, 2020). "'Parasite' sweeps Gold Derby Film Decade Awards (2010-2019), but 15 other films honored; Amy Adams is top performer". Gold Derby. https://www.goldderby.com/feature/parasite-gold-derby-decade-awards-amy-adams-1203376441/. Retrieved March 10, 2020.
81. ↑ Dams, Tim (February 7, 2019). "Pedro Almodóvar's 'Pain and Glory' Triumphs at International Cinephile Society Awards". *Variety*. https://variety.com/2020/film/news/pedro-almodovar-pain-and-glory-triumphs-ics-awards-1203496227/. Retrieved February 7, 2019.
82. ↑ Mitchell, Robert (August 21, 2019). "Oscars: South Korea Selects Palme d'Or Winner 'Parasite' for International Feature Film Award". *Variety*. https://variety.com/2019/film/news/oscars-korea-selects-palme-dor-winner-parasite-international-feature-film-award-1203309121/. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
83. ↑ Tartaglione, Nancy (December 16, 2019). "Oscars: International Feature Film Shortlist Includes ‘Parasite’, ‘Pain & Glory’, ‘Honeyland’, ‘Atlantics’ & More". *Deadline Hollywood*. https://deadline.com/2019/12/oscars-international-feature-film-shortlist-2019-parasite-pain-and-glory-1202810033/. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
84. ↑ Buchanan, Kyle; Barnes, Brooks (February 9, 2020). "'Parasite' Earns Best-Picture Oscar, First for a Movie Not in English". *The New York Times*. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/09/movies/parasite-movie-oscars-best-picture.html. Retrieved February 9, 2020.
85. ↑ Brzeski, Patrick (February 9, 2020). "Oscars: 'Parasite' Makes History as First Foreign-Language Film to Win Best Picture". *The Hollywood Reporter*. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/oscars-bong-joon-hos-parasite-wins-south-koreas-first-oscar-1277161. Retrieved February 9, 2020.
86. ↑ Eng, Joyce (February 7, 2020). "'Parasite's' Bong Joon Ho and Han Jin Won would be the first Asian writers to win an Oscar". Gold Derby. https://www.goldderby.com/article/2020/parasite-bong-joon-ho-oscars-predictions-original-screenplay-asian-writers/. Retrieved February 7, 2020.
87. ↑ Libbey, Dirk (February 9, 2020). "Bong Joon Ho Thanks Martin Scorsese And Quentin Tarantino During Classy Oscar Acceptance Speech". CinemaBlend. https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2489909/bong-joon-ho-thanks-martin-scorsese-and-quentin-tarantino-during-classy-oscar-acceptance-speech. Retrieved February 9, 2020.
88. ↑ Baleegh, Sameen (February 10, 2020). "Martin Scorsese Gets Standing Ovation At Oscars 2020". Dankanator. https://dankanator.com/43875/martin-scorsese-standing-ovation-oscars-2020/. Retrieved February 10, 2020.
89. ↑ Sharf, Zack (February 20, 2020). "Scorsese Wrote Bong Joon Ho a Heartfelt Letter After Oscars: 'You've Done Well, Now Rest'". IndieWire. https://www.indiewire.com/2020/02/martin-scorsese-bong-joon-ho-letter-parasite-oscar-wins-1202212336/. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
90. ↑ Chang, Justin (February 22, 2020). "It's just the Oscars — but my God, it matters that 'Parasite' won best picture". *Los Angeles Times*. https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2020-02-09/oscars-parasite-best-picture-glass-ceiling. Retrieved February 10, 2020.
91. ↑ Stedman, Alex (February 21, 2020). "Trump Mocks 'Parasite' Best Picture Win: 'What the Hell Was That All About?'". *Variety*. https://variety.com/2020/film/news/trump-parasite-oscars-best-picture-south-korea-1203509938/. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
92. ↑ Grigg, Laura (February 21, 2020). "Donald Trump launches 'xenophobic' attack on Oscar-winner Parasite". *Newshub*. https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/entertainment/2020/02/donald-trump-launches-xenophobic-attack-on-oscar-winner-parasite.html. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
93. ↑ "#Parasite #BestPicture #Bong2020". Twitter. February 20, 2020. https://twitter.com/neonrated/status/1230660039028789248. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
94. ↑ Kit, Borys; Goldberg, Lesley (January 9, 2020). "'Parasite' HBO Limited Series in the Works From Bong Joon Ho, Adam McKay". *The Hollywood Reporter*. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/adam-mckay-bong-joon-ho-teaming-parasite-limited-series-hbo-1268397. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
95. ↑ Ford, Rebecca (January 21, 2020). "Bong Joon Ho Says 'Parasite' Series Will Explore Stories "That Happen in Between the Sequences in the Film"". *The Hollywood Reporter*. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/bong-joon-ho-says-parasite-series-will-explore-stories-happen-between-sequences-film-1269871. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
96. ↑ Lattanzio, Ryan (January 23, 2020). "Bong Joon Ho Reveals Epic Plans for 'Parasite' Series as a Six-Hour Movie". IndieWire. https://www.indiewire.com/2020/01/parasite-tv-series-bong-joon-ho-six-hour-movie-1202205540/. Retrieved January 23, 2020.
97. ↑ Sneider, Jeff (February 10, 2020). "Exclusive: Mark Ruffalo Eyed to Star in 'Parasite' Series on HBO". Collider. https://collider.com/parasite-hbo-series-cast-mark-ruffalo/. Retrieved February 10, 2020.
98. ↑ Liu, Marian (March 12, 2020). "HBO's possible 'Parasite' spinoff with Mark Ruffalo raises whitewashing concerns". *The Washington Post*. https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/03/12/parasite-mark-ruffalo-whitewashing/. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
99. ↑ Hullender, Tatiana (February 13, 2020). "Tilda Swinton Cast as Female Lead of HBO's Parasite Series: Exclusive". The Illuminerdy. https://www.theilluminerdi.com/2020/02/13/tilda-swinton-parasite/. Retrieved February 13, 2020.
100. ↑ Frase, Peter (July 3, 2014). "Smash the Engine" (in en). *Jacobin*. https://jacobinmag.com/2014/07/smash-the-engine. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
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103. ↑ Kilkenny, Katie (February 9, 2010). "Oscars: Bong Joon Ho Quotes Martin Scorsese as He Wins Best Director" (in en). *The Hollywood Reporter*. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/oscars-bong-joon-ho-quotes-martin-scorsese-as-he-wins-best-director-1277435. Retrieved February 10, 2020.
104. ↑ "BONG JOON HO Master Class – Festival 2017". YouTube. September 11, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nl9LhKJ6iZk. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
105. ↑ Radish, Christina (June 25, 2014). "Ed Harris Talks SNOWPIERCER, Joining the Film, Being a Fan of Bong Joon Ho and His Unusual Shooting Style, Editing While Shooting, and Working with Chris Evans". Collider. https://collider.com/ed-harris-snowpiercer-interview/. Retrieved June 25, 2014.
106. ↑ Windsor, Harry (December 18, 2016). "Daniel Henshall on 'Ghost in the Shell', Bong Joon-ho and life after 'Snowtown'". *If Magazine*. https://www.if.com.au/daniel-henshall-on-ghost-in-the-shell-bong-joon-ho-and-life-after-snowtown/. Retrieved December 18, 2016.
107. ↑ "봉준호 필모그래피" (in Korean). Korean Movie Database. Archived on March 12, 2018. Template:Citation error. https://www.kmdb.or.kr/db/per/00001843/filmo#divFilmo. Retrieved March 12, 2018.

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