recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Electoral College

The **Electoral College** is the body that formally elects the president and vice president of the United States. Mandated by the Constitution, each state appoints **electors** according to its legislature, equal in number to its congressional delegation (senators and representatives). Federal officeholders cannot be electors. Of the current 538 electors, an absolute majority of 270 or more electoral votes is required to elect the president and vice president. If no candidate achieves an absolute majority, a contingent election is held by the United States House of Representatives to elect the president, and by the United States Senate to elect the vice president.

Currently, the states and the District of Columbia hold a statewide or districtwide popular vote on Election Day in November to choose electors based upon how they have pledged to vote for president and vice president, with some state laws against faithless electors. All jurisdictions use a winner-take-all method to choose their electors, except for Maine and Nebraska, which choose one elector per congressional district and two electors for the ticket with the highest statewide vote. The electors meet and vote in December and the inauguration of the president and vice president takes place in January the following year.

The appropriateness of the Electoral College system is a matter of ongoing debate. Supporters argue that it is a fundamental component of American federalism by preserving the constitutional role of the states in presidential elections. Critics argue that the Electoral College system is less democratic than a direct popular vote and that, due to the distribution of electors, individual citizens in states with smaller populations have proportionately more voting power than those in larger states. Thus, a president may be elected who did not win the national popular vote, as occurred in 1824, 1876, 1888, 2000, and 2016.

 Principles and terminology
 Styles
 Administrative divisions
Douglas Moylan

## 9th and 15th Attorney General of Guam

**Assumed office**
January 2, 2023

**In office**
January 6, 2003 – January 3, 2007

**Douglas Brian Keola Moylan** (born October 19, 1966) is a Guamanian politician and attorney who is the current Attorney General of Guam since 2023. A Republican, he was the first elected and youngest Attorney General of Guam having previously served from 2003 to 2007.
Eddie Bernice Johnson

**In office**
January 3, 1993 – January 3, 2023

**In office**
January 13, 1987 – January 12, 1993

**In office**
January 9, 1973 – September 30, 1977

**Eddie Bernice Johnson** (born December 3, 1935) is an American politician who represented Texas's 30th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1993 to 2023. A member of the Democratic Party, Johnson previously served for a combined twenty years in the Texas House of Representatives and the Texas Senate.
Andy Beshear

Beshear in 2023

## 63rd Governor of Kentucky

**Assumed office**
December 10, 2019

**In office**
January 4, 2016 – December 10, 2019

**Andrew Graham Beshear** (born November 29, 1977) is an American attorney and politician serving as the 63rd Governor of Kentucky since December 2019. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 50th Attorney General of Kentucky from 2016 to 2019. He is the son of the 61st Governor of Kentucky, Steve Beshear.
Estes Kefauver

Official portrait, 1956

**In office**
January 3, 1949 – August 10, 1963
Served with Kenneth McKellar and Albert Gore Sr.

**In office**
September 13, 1939 – January 3, 1949

**In office**
1939

**Carey Estes Kefauver** (July 26, 1903 – August 10, 1963) was an American politician from Tennessee. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1939 to 1949 and in the U.S. Senate from 1949 until his death in 1963. He was Adlai Stevenson II's vice presidential candidate in the 1956 United States presidential election.
Ellen Rosenblum

## 17th Attorney General of Oregon

**Assumed office**
June 29, 2012

## Judge of the Oregon Court of Appeals

**In office**
2005–2011

## Judge of the Multnomah County Circuit Court

**In office**
1993–2005

**In office**
1989–1993

**Ellen F. Rosenblum** (born January 6, 1951) is an American lawyer, judge, and politician who has served as the 17th Attorney General of Oregon since 2012. She is the first female state attorney general in Oregon's history, and previously was a judge on the Oregon Court of Appeals from 2005 to 2011.
David Scanlan

## Acting Secretary of State of New Hampshire

**Assumed office**
January 10, 2021

## Deputy Secretary of State of New Hampshire

**Assumed office**
2002

## Member of theNew Hampshire House of Representativesfrom the 11th Grafton district

**In office**
December 1984 – December 4, 2002

**David M. Scanlan** (born June 14, 1956) is an American politician and election official serving as the acting Secretary of State of New Hampshire. He assumed office upon the resignation of Bill Gardner on January 10, 2021. He previously served as Deputy Secretary of State of New Hampshire since 2002 and was as a Republican member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from 1984 to 2002, becoming Majority Leader of the House in his final term.
Chrissy Houlahan

## Member of theUnited States House of Representativesfrom Pennsylvania's 6th district

**Assumed office**
January 3, 2019

**Christina Marie** "**Chrissy**" **Houlahan** (née **Jampoler**; born June 5, 1967) is an American politician, engineer, and former United States Air Force officer. A member of the Democratic Party, she is the U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania's 6th congressional district since 2019.
Darrell Issa

## Member of theUnited States House of Representativesfrom California

**Assumed office**
January 3, 2021

**In office**
January 3, 2001 – January 3, 2019

**Darrell Edward Issa** (born November 1, 1953) is an American businessman and politician who has served as the U.S. Representative for California's 48th congressional district since 2023. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served in the United States House of Representatives from 2001 to 2019, representing two districts primarily covering North County in the San Diego area, first the 48th district for one term and then the 49th district. From January 2011 to January 2015, he chaired the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee. He re-entered Congress in 2021 to represent California's 50th congressional district and was redistricted in 2023.
Edith Roosevelt

c. 1903 portrait by Frances Benjamin Johnston

**In role**
September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909

**In role**
March 4, 1901 – September 14, 1901

**In role**
January 1, 1899 – December 31, 1900

**Edith Kermit Roosevelt** (née **Carow**; August 6, 1861 – September 30, 1948) was the second wife of President Theodore Roosevelt and served as the First Lady of the United States during his presidency from 1901 to 1909. She also served as the Second Lady of the United States in 1901. Roosevelt was the first First Lady to employ a full-time, salaried social secretary. Her tenure resulted in the creation of an official staff, and her formal dinners and ceremonial processions served to elevate the position of First Lady.
Eric Adams

## 110th Mayor of New York City

**Assumed office**
January 1, 2022

**In office**
January 1, 2014 – December 31, 2021

**In office**
January 1, 2007 – December 31, 2013

**Eric Leroy Adams** (born September 1, 1960) is an American politician and former law enforcement officer serving as the 110th Mayor of New York City since January 1, 2022. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 18th Borough President of Brooklyn and as a member of the New York State Senate representing the 29th district.
Cynthia Lummis

Official portrait, 2021

## United States Senatorfrom Wyoming

**Assumed office**
January 3, 2021
Serving with John Barrasso

**In office**
January 3, 2009 – January 3, 2017

**In office**
January 4, 1999 – January 9, 2007

**In office**
January 14, 1993 – January 10, 1995

## Member of theWyoming House of Representativesfrom Laramie County

**In office**
January 7, 1985 – January 14, 1993

**In office**
January 8, 1979 – January 3, 1983

**Cynthia Marie Lummis Wiederspahn** (born September 10, 1954) is an American attorney and politician serving as the junior United States Senator from Wyoming. Before her tenure in the Senate, she served in the Wyoming House of Representatives from Laramie County, Wyoming State Senate from the 5th district, as the 27th Treasurer of Wyoming, and in the United States House of Representatives from Wyoming's at-large congressional district.
Doug Lamborn

## Member of theUnited States House of Representativesfrom Colorado's 5th district

**Assumed office**
January 3, 2007

**In office**
January 6, 1999 – January 3, 2007

**In office**
January 9, 1995 – January 6, 1999

**Douglas Lawrence Lamborn** (born May 24, 1954) is an American attorney and politician currently serving as the U.S. Representative for Colorado's 5th congressional district. He is a member of the Republican Party. Having first been elected in 2006 and taking office in 2007, his district is based in Colorado Springs.
Amos Ellmaker

**In office**
May 6, 1828 – August 17, 1829

**In office**
December 21, 1816 – July 7, 1819

**In office**
July 3, 1815 – December 21, 1816

***Declined to serve***

## Member of thePennsylvania House of Representativesfrom Dauphin and Lebanon Counties

**In office**
1813–1814

## Deputy Attorney General of Dauphin County

**In office**
1809–1815

**Amos Ellmaker** (February 2, 1787 – November 28, 1851) was an American politician, attorney, and judge from Pennsylvania. He served as the Attorney General of Pennsylvania and was the Anti-Masonic vice presidential candidate in the 1832 presidential election.
Francis Preston Blair Jr.

Blair in 1862

**In office**
January 20, 1871 – March 3, 1873
Served with Carl Schurz

**In office**
March 4, 1861 – June 10, 1864

**In office**
June 8, 1860 – June 25, 1860

**In office**
March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1859

## Member of theMissouri House of Representatives

**In office**
1852–1856

**In office**
1846–1847

**Francis Preston Blair Jr.** (February 19, 1821 – July 8, 1875) was a United States Senator, a United States Representative and a Union Major General during the Civil War. He represented Missouri in both the House of Representatives and the Senate, and was active in preventing the state of Missouri from being absorbed into the Confederacy at the beginning of the Civil War. He was the Democratic vice presidential nominee in 1868.
Daniel A. Webster

## Member of theUnited States House of Representativesfrom Florida

**Assumed office**
January 3, 2011

**In office**
November 3, 1998 – November 4, 2008

**In office**
November 19, 1996 – November 17, 1998

**In office**
November 4, 1980 – November 3, 1998

**Daniel Alan Webster** (born April 27, 1949) is an American businessman and politician serving as the U.S. Representative for Florida's 11th congressional district since 2017. A member of the Republican Party, he first entered Congress in 2011. He represented Florida's 8th congressional district from 2011 to 2013, and the 10th district from 2013 to 2017. Before his congressional service, he served 28 years in the Florida Legislature, and was the first Republican Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives since Reconstruction after the Civil War.
Elise Stefanik

Official portrait, 2017

## Member of theUnited States House of Representativesfrom New York's 21st district

**Assumed office**
January 3, 2015

**Elise Marie Stefanik** (born July 2, 1984) is an American politician serving as the U.S. Representative for New York's 21st congressional district since 2015. She is chair of the House Republican Conference, making her the third highest-ranking Republican in the House.
Eleanor Holmes Norton

Norton in 2010

## Delegate to theUnited States House of Representativesfrom District of Columbia's at-large district

**Assumed office**
January 3, 1991

**In office**
May 27, 1977 – February 21, 1981

**Eleanor Holmes Norton** (born June 13, 1937) is an American lawyer and politician serving as a delegate to the United States House of Representatives, representing the District of Columbia since 1991. She is a member of the Democratic Party.
David Valadao

## Member of theUnited States House of Representativesfrom California

**Assumed office**
January 3, 2021

**In office**
January 3, 2013 – January 3, 2019

**In office**
December 6, 2010 – November 30, 2012

**David Goncalves Valadao** (born April 14, 1977) is an American politician and dairy farmer serving as the U.S. Representative for California's 22nd congressional district since 2023, previously representing the 21st district from 2013 to 2019, and from 2021 to 2023. A member of the Republican Party, his district comprises part of the San Joaquin Valley. In 2020, Valadao defeated Democratic incumbent T. J. Cox to reclaim the seat. Before his election to Congress, he served one term in the California State Assembly, representing the 30th district from 2010 to 2012.
Denny Heck

## 17th Lieutenant Governor of Washington

**Assumed office**
January 13, 2021

**In office**
January 3, 2013 – January 3, 2021

**In office**
January 14, 1985 – January 12, 1987

**In office**
January 10, 1977 – January 14, 1985

**Dennis Lynn Heck** (born July 29, 1952) is an American entrepreneur and politician serving as the 17th and current Lieutenant Governor of Washington. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the U.S. Representative for Washington's 10th congressional district from 2013 to 2021 and as a state representative from 1977 to 1985.
Galusha A. Grow

**In office**
July 4, 1861 – March 3, 1863

## Member of theUnited States House of Representativesfrom Pennsylvania

**In office**
February 26, 1894 – March 3, 1903
Served with Alexander McDowell, George Franklin Huff, Samuel Arza Davenport, and Robert H. Foerderer

### Constituency

at-large district

**In office**
March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1863

### Preceded by

David Wilmot (12th)
Thomas Marshal Bibighaus (14th)

### Succeeded by

Hendrick Bradley Wright (12th)
William Henry Miller (14th)

### Constituency

12th district (1851–1853)
14th district (1853–1863)

## Personal details

### Education

Amherst College

**Galusha Aaron Grow** (August 31, 1823 – March 31, 1907) was an American politician, lawyer, writer, and businessman, who served as 24th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1861 to 1863. Elected as a Democrat in the 1850, he switched to the Republican Party in 1857.
Elihu B. Washburne

**In office**
March 23, 1869 – September 5, 1877

**In office**
March 5, 1869 – March 16, 1869

**In office**
March 4, 1863 – March 6, 1869

**In office**
March 4, 1853 – March 6, 1869

**Elihu Benjamin Washburne** (September 23, 1816 – October 22, 1887) was an American politician and diplomat. A member of the Washburn family, which played a prominent role in the early formation of the Republican Party, he served as a congressman from Illinois before and during the American Civil War. He was a political ally of President Abraham Lincoln and General (future President) Ulysses S. Grant. During Grant's administration, Washburne was the 25th United States Secretary of State briefly in 1869, and was the United States Minister to France from 1869 to 1877.
Derrick Van Orden

Official portrait, 2023

## Member of theUnited States House of Representativesfrom Wisconsin's 3rd district

**Assumed office**
January 3, 2023

**Derrick Francis Van Orden** (born September 15, 1969) is an American politician, businessman, actor, and retired United States Navy SEAL who is the U.S. Representative for Wisconsin's 3rd congressional district since 2023. He is a member of the Republican Party.
David Kustoff

## Member of theUnited States House of Representativesfrom Tennessee's 8th district

**Assumed office**
January 3, 2017

**In office**
March 16, 2006 – May 16, 2008

**David Frank Kustoff** (born October 8, 1966) is an American politician and attorney serving as the United States Representative from Tennessee's 8th congressional district. The district includes the bulk of West Tennessee. From 2006 to 2008, Kustoff served as a United States Attorney for the Western District of Tennessee.
Frances Cleveland

**In role**
March 4, 1893 – March 4, 1897

**In role**
June 2, 1886 – March 4, 1889

**Frances Clara Cleveland Preston** (née **Folsom**; July 21, 1864 – October 29, 1947) was First Lady of the United States from 1886 to 1889 and again from 1893 to 1897 as the wife of President Grover Cleveland. Becoming first lady at age 21, she remains the youngest wife of a sitting president.
Ellen Axson Wilson

**In role**
March 4, 1913 – August 6, 1914

**In role**
January 17, 1911 – March 1, 1913

**Ellen Louise Axson Wilson** (née **Axson**; May 15, 1860 – August 6, 1914), was the first wife of Woodrow Wilson and the mother of their three daughters. She served as First Lady of the United States from 1913 until her death in 1914.
Dennis Hastert

**In office**
January 6, 1999 – January 3, 2007

**In office**
January 3, 1987 – November 26, 2007

**John Dennis Hastert** (born January 2, 1942) is an American former politician and convicted felon who represented Illinois's 14th congressional district from 1987 to 2007 and served as the 51st Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1999 to 2007. After being convicted of financial crimes, he became the highest-ranking elected official in American history to have served a prison sentence.
Doris Matsui

## Member of theUnited States House of Representativesfrom California

**Assumed office**
March 10, 2005

**In office**
1993–1998

**Doris Okada Matsui** (born **Doris Kazue Okada**; September 25, 1944) is an American politician from the Democratic Party, serving since 2005 in the United States House of Representatives. She represents California's 7th congressional district (numbered the 5th district until 2023, and the 6th district until 2023), covering the city of Sacramento and its suburbs. Following the death of her husband Bob Matsui on January 1, 2005, she was elected as his replacement and took the oath of office on March 10, 2005.
Gene Sperling

## Incumbent

**Assumed office**
March 15, 2021
Serving with Mike Donilon, Anita Dunn, John Podesta, Stephen K. Benjamin, Tom Perez, and Annie Tomasini
Served with Cedric Richmond, Neera Tanden, Mitch Landrieu, Julie Chávez Rodriguez, and Keisha Lance Bottoms

### Preceded by

Mike Donilon
Cedric Richmond
Anita Dunn

## 3rd and 9th Director of the National Economic Council

**In office**
January 20, 2011 – March 5, 2014

### Succeeded by

Jeffrey Zients

**In office**
December 12, 1996 – January 20, 2001

## Personal details

### Parents

Lawrence Sperling
Doris Louise Hyman

### Education

University of Minnesota
Yale University
University of Pennsylvania

**Eugene Benton Sperling** (born December 24, 1958) is an American lawyer who is a Senior Advisor to the President in the Biden administration. He was previously the 3rd and 9th Director of the National Economic Council and assistant to the president for economic policy under Presidents Bill Clinton and Barack Obama. He is the only person to serve as national economic advisor under two presidents. Outside of government, he founded the Center for Universal Education at the Brookings Institution in 2002.
Chuck Schumer

Official portrait, 2017

## Senate Majority Leader

**Assumed office**
January 20, 2021

**In office**
January 3, 2017 – January 20, 2021

## United States Senatorfrom New York

**Assumed office**
January 3, 1999
Serving with Kirsten Gillibrand
Served with Daniel Patrick Moynihan and Hillary Clinton

**In office**
January 3, 1981 – January 3, 1999

**In office**
January 1, 1975 – December 31, 1980

**Charles Ellis Schumer** (born November 23, 1950) is an American politician serving as Senate Majority Leader since January 20, 2021. A member of the Democratic Party, Schumer is the senior United States Senator from New York, a seat he has held since 1999.
Frederick Muhlenberg

## The ReverendFrederick Muhlenberg

Portrait by Joseph Wright, 1790

**In office**
December 2, 1793 – March 4, 1795

**In office**
April 1, 1789 – March 4, 1791

**In office**
March 4, 1789 – March 3, 1797

## Member of theUnited States House of Representativesfrom Pennsylvania

**In office**
March 4, 1789 – March 3, 1797
Served with Thomas Fitzsimons, Peter Muhlenberg, Daniel Hiester, Henry Wynkoop, Thomas Scott, Thomas Hartley, George Clymer, John W. Kittera, Andrew Gregg, William Findley, James Armstrong, William Irvine, John Smilie, and William Montgomery (at-large)

### Preceded by

*Constituency established* (at-large)
*Constituency established* (2nd)
Himself (at-large)
Himself (2nd)

### Succeeded by

Himself (at-large)
Himself (2nd)
Glenni William Scofield (at-large)
Blair McClenachan (2nd)

### Constituency

at-large district (1789–1791)
2nd district (1791–1793)
at-large district (1793–1795)
2nd district (1795–1797)

## Delegate to the Continental Congressfrom Pennsylvania

**In office**
1779–1780

## Personal details

### Parents

Heinrich Melchior Mühlenberg
Anna Maria Weiser

### Religion

Lutheranism

**Frederick Augustus Conrad Muhlenberg** (January 1, 1750 – June 4, 1801) was an American minister and politician who was the first Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. A Lutheran pastor by profession, Muhlenberg served as a delegate to the Pennsylvania state constitutional convention and represented Pennsylvania in the United States House of Representatives.
Gabe Vasquez

Official portrait, 2023

## Member of theUnited States House of Representativesfrom New Mexico's 2nd district

**Assumed office**
January 3, 2023

**In office**
November 2017 – December 2021

**Gabriel Vasquez** (born August 3, 1984) is an American politician who is the U.S. Representative for New Mexico's 2nd congressional district since 2023. He previously served as a member of the Las Cruces City Council. Vasquez is a member of the Democratic Party.
Craig Blair

## 52nd Lieutenant Governor of West Virginia

**Assumed office**
January 13, 2021

## Member of theWest Virginia Senatefrom the 15th district

**Assumed office**
December 1, 2012
Serving with Charles S. Trump
Served with Donald Cookman

**In office**
January 2003 – January 2011

**Craig Philip Blair** (born October 17, 1959) is an American politician serving as the Lieutenant Governor of West Virginia (officially the President of the West Virginia Senate) since January 13, 2021. A Republican, he has represented the 15th district in the state senate since January 12, 2013. Blair also served in the West Virginia Legislature from January 2003 until January 2011 in the West Virginia House of Delegates representing the 52nd district. Blair is the father of former West Virginia Delegate Saira Blair.
Edward W. Pou

**In office**
March 4, 1933 – April 1, 1934

**In office**
March 4, 1901 – April 1, 1934

**Edward William Pou** (September 9, 1863 – April 1, 1934), was an American politician, serving in the United States Congress as a U.S. Representative for North Carolina's 4th congressional district from 1901 until his death in 1934.
David Schweikert

## Member of theUnited States House of Representativesfrom Arizona

**Assumed office**
January 3, 2011

**In office**
2004–2007

## Chief Deputy Treasurer of Maricopa County

**In office**
2004

**In office**
1995–2003

**In office**
January 1991 – January 1995
Served with Lisa Graham Keegan

**David Sheridan Schweikert** (born March 3, 1962) is an American politician and businessman serving as the U.S. Representative for Arizona's 1st congressional district since 2023. A member of the Republican Party, he first entered Congress in 2011, representing Arizona's 5th congressional district until 2013, and Arizona's 6th congressional district from 2013 to 2023. He was previously a member of the Arizona House of Representatives and served as Maricopa County Treasurer.
Edward Buchanan

**In office**
March 1, 2018 – September 17, 2022

**In office**
January 11, 2011 – January 7, 2013

**In office**
January 14, 2003 – January 7, 2013

**Edward Allen Buchanan** (born October 19, 1967) is an American attorney, military veteran, and Republican politician who served as the 22nd Secretary of State of Wyoming from 2018 until his resignation in 2022. Prior to being Secretary of State, Buchanan was a member and past Speaker of the Wyoming House of Representatives.
Doug La Follette

La Follette in 2007

**In office**
January 3, 1983 – March 17, 2023

**In office**
January 6, 1975 – January 3, 1979

**In office**
January 1, 1973 – January 6, 1975

**Douglas J. La Follette** (born June 6, 1940) is an American academic, environmental scientist, and politician from the state of Wisconsin. A Democrat, he served as the 28th and 30th Secretary of State of Wisconsin from 1975 to 1977 and from 1983 to 2023.
Diana DeGette

## Member of theUnited States House of Representativesfrom Colorado's 1st district

**Assumed office**
January 3, 1997

**In office**
January 13, 1993 – January 3, 1997

**Diana Louise DeGette** (born July 29, 1957) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the U.S. Representative for Colorado's 1st congressional district since 1997. A member of the Democratic Party, her district is based in Denver. DeGette was a Chief Deputy Whip from 2005 to 2019 and is the dean of Colorado's congressional delegation; she served in the Colorado House of Representatives representing the 6th district from 1993 until her election to the U.S. House.
Eric Swalwell

## Member of theUnited States House of Representativesfrom California

**Assumed office**
January 3, 2013

## Member of theDublin City Council

**In office**
2010–2012

**Eric Michael Swalwell** (born November 16, 1980) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the U.S. Representative for California's 14th congressional district (numbered as the 15th district until 2023) since 2013. His district covers most of eastern Alameda County and part of central Contra Costa County. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
Dana Nessel

Nessel in 2019

## 54th Attorney General of Michigan

**Assumed office**
January 1, 2019

**Dana Michelle Nessel** (born April 19, 1969) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the 54th Attorney General of Michigan since 2019. She is a member of the Democratic Party. She is the first LGBTQ+ official to be elected statewide in Michigan and is the first Jew to be elected Attorney General of Michigan.
Frank Hanly

Hanly in 1908

**In office**
January 9, 1905 – January 11, 1909

**In office**
March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1897

## Member of theIndiana Senate

**In office**
1890–1891

**James Franklin Hanly** (April 4, 1863 – August 1, 1920) was an American politician who served as a United States Representative from Indiana from 1895 until 1897, and was the 26th Governor of Indiana from 1905 to 1909. He was the founder of Hanly's Flying Squadron, which advocated prohibition nationally and played an important role in arousing public support for prohibition. A member of the Republican and Prohibition Parties, he was the latter's nominee for president in 1916.
George Washington

## General of the ArmiesGeorge Washington

Portrait based on the unfinished one by Gilbert Stuart, 1796

**In office**
April 30, 1789 – March 4, 1797

**In office**
July 13, 1798 – December 14, 1799

**In office**
June 19, 1775 – December 23, 1783

**In office**
September 5, 1774 – June 16, 1775

**In office**
July 24, 1758 – June 24, 1775

**George Washington** (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799) was an American political leader, military general, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first President of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Previously, he led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolution. He presided at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which established the United States Constitution and a federal government. Washington has been called the "Father of His Country" for his manifold leadership in the formative days of the new nation. To date, he is the only independent to be elected President of the United States, though his political views most aligned with the Federalist Party.
Free Soil Party

A Free Soil Party campaign banner featuring Martin Van Buren and Charles Francis Adams Sr.

### Leader(s)

Martin Van Buren
Salmon P. Chase
John P. Hale

### Split from

Democratic Party
Whig Party
Liberty Party

### Abbreviation

FS

The **Free Soil Party**, whose members were called **Free Soilers**, was a political party in the United States active in the mid-1800s. It was largely a single-issue party that opposed the expansion of slavery into the western territories. The Free Soil Party formed during the 1848 presidential election, which took place in the aftermath of the Mexican–American War and debates over the extension of slavery into the Mexican Cession. After the Whig Party and the Democratic Party nominated presidential candidates who were unwilling to rule out the extension of slavery into the Mexican Cession, anti-slavery Democrats and Whigs joined with members of the abolitionist Liberty Party to form the new Free Soil Party. The party nominated former President Martin Van Buren in 1848.

Though Van Buren and many other Free Soil supporters rejoined the Democrats or the Whigs immediately after the 1848 election, Free Soilers retained a presence in Congress over the next six years. Led by individuals like Salmon P. Chase of Ohio, John P. Hale of New Hampshire, and Charles Sumner of Massachusetts, the Free Soilers strongly opposed the Compromise of 1850, which temporarily settled the issue of slavery in the Mexican Cession. Hale ran as the party's presidential candidate in the 1852 presidential election, taking just under five percent of the vote. The 1854 Kansas–Nebraska Act repealed the long-standing Missouri Compromise and outraged many Northerners, contributing to the collapse of the Whigs and spurring the creation of a new, broad-based anti-slavery party known as the Republican Party. Most Free Soilers joined the Republican Party, which emerged as the dominant right-wing political party in the United States.

 Historical
 Minor parties
 Historical
 State, territorial, and local parties
 Historical
Dan Newhouse

## Member of theUnited States House of Representativesfrom Washington's 4th district

**Assumed office**
January 3, 2015

**In office**
February 13, 2009 – March 11, 2013

**In office**
January 13, 2003 – February 17, 2009

**Daniel Milton Newhouse** (born July 10, 1955) is an American politician and agricultural scientist serving as the U.S. Representative for Washington's 4th congressional district. Before his election to Congress, Newhouse served as Director of the Washington State Department of Agriculture and as a member of the Washington House of Representatives. He is a member of the Republican Party.
Deb Haaland

## 54th United States Secretary of the Interior

**Assumed office**
March 16, 2021

**In office**
January 3, 2019 – March 16, 2021

**In office**
April 25, 2015 – April 29, 2017

**Debra Anne Haaland** (born December 2, 1960) is an American politician serving as the 54th United States Secretary of the Interior. A member of the Democratic Party, she served as chair of the New Mexico Democratic Party from 2015 to 2017 and as the U.S. Representative for New Mexico's 1st congressional district from 2019 to 2021. Haaland is a Native American and enrolled member of the Laguna Pueblo tribe.
Chris Deluzio

Official portrait, 2023

## Member of theUnited States House of Representativesfrom Pennsylvania's 17th district

**Assumed office**
January 3, 2023

**Christopher Raphael Deluzio** (born July 13, 1984) is an American attorney, politician and former U.S. Navy officer who is currently the U.S. Representative for Pennsylvania's 17th congressional district. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
Everett Dirksen

**In office**
January 3, 1959 – September 7, 1969

**In office**
January 3, 1957 – January 3, 1959

**In office**
January 3, 1951 – September 7, 1969
Served with Paul Douglas and Charles H. Percy

**In office**
March 4, 1933 – January 3, 1949

## Member of thePekin City Council

**In office**
1927–1931

**Everett McKinley Dirksen** (January 4, 1896 – September 7, 1969) was an American politician. A member of the Republican Party, he represented Illinois in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate. As Senate Minority Leader from 1959 to 1969, he played a highly visible and key role in the politics of the 1960s. He helped write and pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Civil Rights Act of 1968, both landmark pieces of legislation during the civil rights movement. He was also one of the Senate's strongest supporters of the Vietnam War.
Ed Perlmutter

**In office**
January 3, 2007 – January 3, 2023

**In office**
January 9, 1995 – January 8, 2003

**Edwin George Perlmutter** (born May 1, 1953) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the U.S. Representative for Colorado's 7th congressional district from 2007 to 2023. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the Colorado State Senator from the 20th district from 1995 to 2003.
Deidre Henderson

## 9th Lieutenant Governor of Utah

**Assumed office**
January 4, 2021

**In office**
January 1, 2013 – January 1, 2021

**Deidre Marie Hulse Henderson** (born September 4, 1974) is an American politician serving as the ninth Lieutenant Governor of Utah since January 4, 2021. From 2013 to 2021, she served as member of the Utah State Senate for the 7th district, which is based in Spanish Fork, Utah.
Eric Schmitt

Official portrait, 2023

## United States Senatorfrom Missouri

**Assumed office**
January 3, 2023
Serving with Josh Hawley

**In office**
January 3, 2019 – January 3, 2023

**In office**
January 9, 2017 – January 3, 2019

**In office**
January 7, 2009 – January 4, 2017

**In office**
2005–2008
Served with Deb Voss

**Eric Stephen Schmitt** (born June 20, 1975) is an American lawyer and politician who is the junior United States Senator from Missouri. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as the 43rd Attorney General of Missouri from 2019 to 2023, and was the 46th Treasurer of Missouri from 2017 to 2019. Before that, he was a member of the Missouri Senate, representing Missouri's 15th State Senate District from 2009 to 2017, and served as an alderman for Glendale, Missouri from 2005 to 2008, where he was one of two aldermen for Ward 3.
Edith Wilson

**In role**
December 18, 1915 – March 4, 1921

**Edith Wilson** (née **Bolling**; formerly **Galt**; October 15, 1872 – December 28, 1961) was the second wife of President Woodrow Wilson and served as First Lady of the United States from 1915 to 1921. She married the widower Wilson in December 1915, during his first term as president. Edith Wilson played an influential role in President Wilson's administration following the severe stroke he suffered in October 1919. For the remainder of her husband's presidency, she managed the office of the president, a role she later described as a "stewardship," and determined which communications and matters of state were important enough to bring to the attention of the bedridden president.
Francis Granger

**In office**
November 27, 1841 – March 3, 1843

**In office**
March 4, 1839 – March 5, 1841

**In office**
March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1837

**In office**
March 6, 1841 – September 13, 1841

## Member of theNew York State Assembly

**In office**
1830–1832

**In office**
1826–1828

**Francis Granger** (December 1, 1792 – August 31, 1868) was an American politician who represented New York's 26th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives for three non-consecutive terms. He was a leading figure in the state and national Whig Party, particularly in its moderate-conservative faction. He served as a Whig vice presidential nominee on the party's multi-candidate 1836 ticket and, in that role, became the only person to ever lose a contingent election for the vice presidency in the U.S. Senate. He also served briefly in 1841 as United States Postmaster General in the cabinet of William Henry Harrison. In 1856, he became the final Whig Party chairman before the party's collapse, after which he joined the Constitutional Union Party.
Dwight Evans

## Member of theUnited States House of Representativesfrom Pennsylvania

**Assumed office**
November 14, 2016

**In office**
January 4, 1981 – November 14, 2016

**Dwight Evans** (born May 16, 1954) is an American politician of the Democratic Party serving as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district since 2019. His district was numbered as the 2nd district from 2016 to 2019. He served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, serving the 203rd district from 1981 to 2016.
Drew Ferguson

## Member of theUnited States House of Representativesfrom Georgia's 3rd district

**Assumed office**
January 3, 2017

## Mayor of West Point

**In office**
2008–2016

**Anderson Drew Ferguson IV** (born November 15, 1966) is an American politician who is the U.S. Representative for Georgia's 3rd congressional district. A Republican, Ferguson previously served as the Mayor of West Point, Georgia, a city between LaGrange and Columbus.
Doug Burgum

## 33rd Governor of North Dakota

**Assumed office**
December 15, 2016

**Douglas James Burgum** (born August 1, 1956) is an American entrepreneur and politician serving as the 33rd and current Governor of North Dakota since 2016. He is a member of the Republican Party. Burgum was a candidate in the 2024 United States presidential election, but dropped out before the primaries.
Dan McKee

## 76th Governor of Rhode Island

**Assumed office**
March 2, 2021

**In office**
January 6, 2015 – March 2, 2021

**In office**
January 7, 2007 – January 6, 2015

**In office**
January 2001 – January 2005

## Member of theCumberland Town Council

**In office**
1992–1998

**Daniel J. McKee** (born June 16, 1951) is an American businessman and politician serving as the 76th Governor of Rhode Island since March 2021. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 69th Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island from 2015 to 2021. He became governor upon the resignation of Gina Raimondo to become United States Secretary of Commerce in the Biden administration.
Emil Seidel

Seidel c. 1910

**In office**
1910–1912

**In office**
1932–1936

**In office**
1916–1920

**In office**
1909–1910

**In office**
1904–1908

**Emil Seidel** (December 13, 1864 – June 24, 1947) was a prominent German-American politician. Seidel was the 36th Mayor of Milwaukee, Wisconsin from 1910 to 1912. The first socialist mayor of a major city in the United States, Seidel became the vice presidential candidate for the Socialist Party of America in the 1912 presidential election.
Don Beyer

## Member of theUnited States House of Representativesfrom Virginia's 8th district

**Assumed office**
January 3, 2015

**In office**
September 8, 2009 – May 29, 2013

**In office**
January 13, 1990 – January 17, 1998

**Donald Sternoff Beyer Jr.** (born June 20, 1950) is an American businessman, diplomat, and politician serving as the U.S. Representative for Virginia's 8th congressional district since 2015. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the United States Ambassador to Switzerland and Liechtenstein from 2009 to 2013 and as the 36th Lieutenant Governor of Virginia from 1990 to 1998. As of 2022, besides serving in Congress, Beyer is currently pursuing a master’s degree in artificial intelligence at George Mason University.
David Rice Atchison

**In office**
December 20, 1852 – December 4, 1854

**In office**
August 8, 1846 – December 2, 1849

**In office**
October 14, 1843 – March 3, 1855
Served with Thomas Hart Benton and Henry S. Geyer

## Member of theMissouri House of Representatives

**In office**
1834–1841

**David Rice Atchison** (August 11, 1807 – January 26, 1886) was an American politician from the mid-19th century who served as a Democratic United States Senator from Missouri. He served as President pro tempore of the United States Senate for six years. Atchison served as a major general in the Missouri Volunteer Militia in 1838 during Missouri's Mormon War and as a Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War under Major General Sterling Price in the Missouri State Guard. He is best known for the claim that for 24 hours—Sunday, March 4, 1849 through noon on Monday—he may have been Acting President of the United States, as President-elect Zachary Taylor refused to be sworn in on a Sunday. This belief, however, is dismissed by nearly all historians, scholars, and biographers.

## References

1. ↑ https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/senate-stories/no-david-rice-atchison-was-not-president-for-a-day.htm
Darren Soto

## Member of theUnited States House of Representativesfrom Florida's 9th district

**Assumed office**
January 3, 2017

## Member of theFlorida Senatefrom the 14th district

**In office**
November 6, 2012 – November 8, 2016

## Member of theFlorida House of Representativesfrom the 49th district

**In office**
April 24, 2007 – November 2, 2012

**Darren Michael Soto** (born February 25, 1978) is an American attorney and politician who is the U.S. Representative for Florida's 9th congressional district. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Before his election to Congress, Soto served four years in the Florida Senate and five in the Florida House of Representatives, representing parts of central Florida.
Gary Palmer

Official portrait, 2018

## Member of theUnited States House of Representativesfrom Alabama's 6th district

**Assumed office**
January 3, 2015

**Gary James Palmer** (born May 14, 1954) is an American politician from the state of Alabama. Elected to the United States House of Representatives in 2014, he represents Alabama's 6th congressional district. The district includes the wealthier parts of Birmingham, as well as most of its suburbs. Before becoming an elected official, Palmer co-founded and served as the longtime president of the Alabama Policy Institute, a conservative think tank. He is a member of the Republican Party and the House Freedom Caucus.
Dianne Primavera

Primavera in 2010

## 50th Lieutenant Governor of Colorado

**Assumed office**
January 8, 2019

**In office**
January 9, 2013 – January 11, 2017

**In office**
January 10, 2007 – January 12, 2011

**Dianne I. Primavera** (born January 28, 1950) is an American politician who is the 50th Lieutenant Governor of Colorado. A Democrat, she previously served as the Colorado State Representative for the 33rd district from 2007 to 2011, and again from 2013 to 2017.
Dina Titus

## Member of theUnited States House of Representativesfrom Nevada

**Assumed office**
January 3, 2013

**In office**
January 3, 2009 – January 3, 2011

**In office**
1988–2008

**Alice Costandina Titus** (born May 23, 1950) is an American political scientist and politician who has been the United States Representative for Nevada's 1st congressional district since 2013. She served as the U.S. Representative for Nevada's 3rd congressional district from 2009 to 2011, when she was defeated by Joe Heck. Titus is a member of the Democratic Party. She served in the Nevada Senate and was its minority leader from 1993 to 2009. Before her election to Congress, Titus was a professor of political science at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), where she taught American and Nevada government for 30 years. She was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Nevada in 2006.
Dwight D. Eisenhower

## General of the ArmyDwight D. Eisenhower

Official portrait, 1959

**In office**
January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961

**In office**
April 2, 1951 – May 30, 1952

**In office**
November 19, 1945 – February 6, 1948

**In office**
May 8, 1945 – November 10, 1945

**Dwight David** "**Ike**" **Eisenhower** (October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American politician and soldier who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, he became a five-star general in the United States Army and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force in Europe. He was responsible for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942–1943 and the successful invasion of Normandy in 1944–1945 from the Western Front.

 High Commissioners
Eli Crane

Official portrait, 2023

## Member of theUnited States House of Representativesfrom Arizona's 2nd district

**Assumed office**
January 3, 2023

**Elijah James Crane** (born January 3, 1980) is an American politician and businessman elected as the U.S. Representative from Arizona's 2nd congressional district since 2023. A member of the Republican Party, Crane served in the United States Navy SEALs and co-founded Bottle Breacher, a company that manufactures bottle openers made of 50-caliber shell casings.
George W. Bush

*This article is about the 43rd President of the United States. For his father, the 41st President of the United States, see George H. W. Bush.*

## 43rd President of the United States

**In office**
January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009

## 46th Governor of Texas

**In office**
January 17, 1995 – December 21, 2000

### Lt. Governor

Bob Bullock
Rick Perry

## Personal details

### Parents

George H. W. Bush
Barbara Pierce

### Education

Yale College
Harvard Business School

## Military service

### Nickname(s)

"Dubya"
"GWB"

### Service branch

Texas Air National Guard
Alabama Air National Guard

### Awards

Air Force Pilot's Badge
Outstanding Unit Award
National Defense Service Medal
Small Arms Expert
Marksmanship Ribbon

**George Walker Bush** (born July 6, 1946), commonly known as **Bush Jr.** or **Bush 43**, is an American politician and businessman who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009. A member of the Republican Party, he had previously served as the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000. Born into the Bush family, his father, George H. W. Bush, served as the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993.
Deborah K. Ross

## Member of theUnited States House of Representativesfrom North Carolina's 2nd district

**Assumed office**
January 3, 2021

**In office**
January 29, 2003 – June 1, 2013

**Deborah Ross** (née **Koff**; June 20, 1963) is an American lawyer and politician who has served as the U.S. Representative for North Carolina's 2nd congressional district since 2021. A member of the Democratic Party, Ross served as a member of the North Carolina House of Representatives from 2003 to 2013, representing the state's 38th and then 34th House districts.
Dana Remus

Remus in 2021

**In office**
January 2021 – July 2022

**Dana Ann Remus** is an American lawyer who served as White House Counsel for President Joe Biden from January 2021 to July 2022. Prior to her appointment as White House Counsel, Remus was general counsel for Joe Biden's 2020 presidential campaign. Earlier in her career, she was Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy Counsel for Ethics during the presidency of Barack Obama, was general counsel for the Obama Foundation from 2017 to 2019, and was counsel to Michelle Obama.