Combat sports

* Street fighting, Lethwei, Boxing (including bare-knuckle boxing), jōdō, karate, kendo, kickboxing, kung fu (sanda/sanshou), Muay Thai, savate, silat, Taekwondo and shock fighting (excluding MMA however Women's MMA is banned) are banned in the UK, Vatican City, Italy, Norway, Iceland, Sweden, Belgium, France, Denmark, Albania, Canada, Cuba, Iran, Vietnam, India, North Korea, Taliban Afghanistan, Aotearoa and states of Victoria and Western Australia in Australia. It is allowed as a self defence training session by coaches, but it is banned from being an entertainment. It is banned from mainstream media which uses it as a show. Aiding & abetting and affray, Could boxing be banned? A legal and epidemiological perspective. In 1995, UK banned boxing in a private member's bills. In 1982, boxing was banned in the UK for under-16s and removed from school PE curriculum
* Clinch fighting (such as BJJ and wrestling) is allowed.
* "Yes, as TV shows and entertainment, with all the respect to any professional fighter as I understand they're passion and efforts. If we humans are to ever evolve to a more superior and refined expression of life form, fighting sports should be banned as they propagate violence and very primitive attitude towards life, how can 2 people suffering by punching, slamming and choking each other can be entertainment? Wake-up people! Fighting should end in the gym as a means for fitness and self defence only. The elites are trying to keep as brainwashed in an ape state of mind, ready to consume any garbage thrown on us, while we never reach the full potential of a human being. Peace!"
* "Yes. The intention of boxing is for one boxer to give the other boxer a concussion. Concussions are very dangerous, The more concussions a person has had, the more dangerous additional concussions become."
* It rejects claims that boxing helps young people work through their aggression. “There is no place in contemporary society for a youth sport which has, as its primary goal, the infliction of acute brain damage on an opponent,” says the report
* And the argument that the sport provides a unique opportunity for working class boys to “better” themselves is patronising. The government should instead provide better leisure facilities for young people, particularly in inner cities, it says.
* Funding and sponsorship of MMA is discouraged, and TV coverage of MMA events are age restricted and include a warning statement on the risks of MMA
* Monster Fight Club and B-Day Promotion is stopped by authorities.
* Any kind of motor vehicle racing that is done in public streets is usually considered to be illegal street racing
* Podium hostesses in cycling were removed and Ring girls were removed in MMA, instead the round will be shown on the screen
* DOES THE SWEDISH MODEL OFFER A BLUEPRINT FOR IRISH MMA REGULATION?
* Could boxing be banned? A legal and epidemiological perspective

**UK boxers if boxing was banned in 1995**

* Matchroom Sport is not involved with boxing in anyway
* Frank Warren is a solicitor's clerk with J Tickle & Co on Southampton Row in London
* Barney Eastwood is not involving with boxing
* Richard Riakporhe died after a stab in the chest outside a house party
* Kell Brook died after being stabbed 3 times in the leg and once in the arm
* Tyson Fury is a WWE wrestler
* David Price plays pro rugby as a Prop for St. Helens
* Joe Calzaghe plays professional football, retiring after the 2008/09 season aged 36. He played for a Welsh club academy, a Premier League team and finally Juventus (where he retires).
* Alex Arthur is an MP for Shepherds of the Nation
* Carl Froch also played professional football for Nottingham Forest retiring at the end of 2013/14 season aged 36
* Carl Frampton plays professional football for Aston Villa (Jack Grealish plays Caid for John Mitchel's Hurling & Camogie Club and Warwickshire GAA)
* Joe Cordina plays professional football for Cardiff City
* Ben Crocker
* Chris Jenkins
* Josh Taylor competes in MotoGP
* Ryan Burnett runs his own gym in Antrim
* Rocky Fielding does athletics
* Chris Eubank Jr. lives in USA and gain a USA pro boxing license.
* Ricky Hatton is a salesman for his family carpet business
* Enzo Maccarinelli is a bricklayer.
* Mark Hobson is in the Royal Air Force.
* Khalid Yafai stills boxes but with a Yemen boxing license
* Isaac Dogboe stills boxes but with a Ghana boxing license
* Johnny Nelson stills boxes but with a Dominica boxing license
* Bruce Scott, Ovill McKenzie and David Haye stills boxes but with a Jamaica boxing license. David Haye confirms retirement from boxing in 2011
* Herbie Hide, Henry Akinwande, Anthony Joshua and Lawrence Okolie stills boxes but with a Nigeria boxing license
* Amir Khan stills boxes but with a Pakistan boxing license

### **Nicknames**

* "Guardian Angel"
* "The Cleaner"
* "Purveyor of Violence"
* Switchblade
* Stone Pitbull
* Death Rider
* "Ticking Time Bomb"
* "The Underboss"
* "Walking Armageddon"
* "The Kingpin"
* "Wrestling Machine"
* "The Innovator Of Violence"
* "Lethal Weapon"
* "The Equalizer"
* "The Masterpiece"
* "The Apex Predator"
* "The Freedom Fighter"
* "Grievous Bodily Harm"

### **National Athletics Commission**

The National Athletics Commission was created in 2013 by President Donald Trump to unify all state athletics commission into one federal commission to ensure consistency. The NAC licensure and supervision of promoters, boxers, professional wrestlers, seconds, ring officials, managers, and matchmakers. In 2016, the NYSAC was authorized to oversee all mixed martial arts contests in New York

The National Athletics Commission oversees the training, development and oversight of the judges and judges must pay annual fee to join. The judges should be required to attend 3 scoring seminars over any 24-month period in order to maintain a license.

National Athletics Commission also license American professional combat sport participants (such as boxers and MMA fighters) & managers, appoints judges & referees for matches taking place in USA, and improves safety standards. Fees paid by promoters, fighters and combat sport organizations would fund the commission’s work.

The National Athletics Commission also handles ‘medical suspensions’ and suspensions from drug violation founded by VADA.

## **Professional Boxing**

https://www.theguardian.com/sport/queensberry-rules-boxing-blog/2014/aug/07/ways-kill-boxing-match-mayweather-pacquiao-lewis-tyson

### **Rules**

Rounds

All professional boxing fights round last for 3 minutes with a 1 minute break in between. Here is the round structure:

* Main event and undercard title fights: maximum of 8 rounds
* Non-title undercard: maximum of 5.

Attire

All boxers are required to have wrist wraps and light boxing gloves. Hand wraps are used to secure the bones in the hand, and the gloves are used to protect the hands from blunt injury, allowing boxers to throw punches with more force than if they did not utilize them.  A mouthguard is also required. In addition, a jockstrap with cup pocket and protective cup is mandatory for men (women are prohibited from wearing groin protection). Both fighters must wear soft soled shoes to reduce the damage from accidental or intentional stepping on feet. Fighters are checked by a Association of Boxing Commissions who inspects the wraps and gloves of the opponent to help ensure no tampering has taken place and the required equipment is used before entering the ring.

### **Match outcome**

**Knockout:** A fighter is put into a state of unconsciousness resulting from any legal strike or when a participant falls to the canvas with any part of the body (except the feet) from any legal strike & he didn’t slip and is unable to rise to both of their feet within the ref’s 10 count

**Technical Knockout (TKO):** A TKO is considered a knockout in a fighter’s record. After 3 knockdowns in a round or 4 in total, the referee stops the fight. Technical knockouts can be classified into three categories:

* referee stoppage (the referee ends the fight if the fighters cannot defend himself or cannot safely continue the match for any reason)
* doctor stoppage (a ring side doctor decides that it is unsafe for 1 fighter to continue the bout)
* corner stoppage (a fighter's cornerman throws in the towel)
* corner retirement (during any rest period between rounds, a boxer refuses to continue or their corner pulls them out, thereby forcing the referee to call an end to the fight)

**Judges' Decision:** Depending on scoring, a match may end as:

* unanimous decision (all 3 judges score a win for fighter A)
* majority decision (2 judges score a win for fighter A, 1 judge scores a draw)
* split decision (2 judges score a win for fighter A, 1 judge scores a win for fighter B)
* unanimous draw (all 3 judges score a draw)
* majority draw (2 judges score a draw, one judge scoring a win for a fighter)
* split draw (1 judge scores a win for fighter A, 1 judge scores a win for fighter B, and 1 judge scores a draw)

**Disqualification:** A fighter intentionally executes an illegal move that is considered by the referee to be injurious or significant enough to negatively alter the opponent's performance should the fight continue, resulting in the opponent's victory. A fight can also end in a DQ if a fighter repeatedly commits a foul, typically, a referee will first verbally warn offenders or direct a point deduction first before disqualifying a boxer.

**No Contest:** The ring falling apart, both fighters can’t get up from the 10 count, if the referee or a boxing organization feels that the a fighter have fixed the match or the match stops with the required number of rounds not completed.

## Championships

When a champion, for reasons beyond his control such as an illness or injury, is unable to defend his title within the normal mandatory time, the sanctioning bodies may order an interim title bout and award the winner an interim championship. The WBA and WBC have often changed the status of their inactive champions to a "Champion in Recess" or "Champion Emeritus".

### World Boxing Association

The World Boxing Association (WBA) was founded in 1921 as the National Boxing Association (NBA), a national regulating body of the United States. On August 23, 1962, the NBA became the WBA, which today has its head office in Panama. According to WBA championship rules, when a champion also holds a title of one of the other three major sanctioning bodies in an equivalent weight division, that boxer is granted a special recognition of "Unified Champion", and is given more time between mandatory title defences. The WBA Championships Committee and President may also designate a champion as a "Super Champion" or "Undisputed Champion" in exceptional circumstances; the standard WBA title is then vacated and contested between WBA-ranked contenders. When a WBA "Regular Champion" makes between five and ten successful defences, he may be granted the WBA "Super" title upon discretion of a vote of the WBA's board of governors.

### World Boxing Council

The World Boxing Council (WBC) was founded in Mexico City, Mexico on February 14, 1963 in order to establish an international regulating body. The WBC established many of today's safety measures in boxing, such as the standing eight count, a limit of 12 rounds instead of 15, and additional weight divisions. More information about the WBC's other titles including "Silver", "Diamond", "Emeritus", "Franchise", "Honorary", and "Supreme Champion" can be read at the WBC article.

### International Boxing Federation

The International Boxing Federation (IBF) originated in September 1976 as the United States Boxing Association (USBA) when American members of the WBA withdrew in order to legitimize boxing in the United States with "unbiased" ratings. In April 1983, the organization established an international division that was known as the United States Boxing Association-International (USBA-I). In May 1984, the New Jersey-based USBA-I was renamed and became the IBF.

### World Boxing Organization

The World Boxing Organization (WBO) was founded in San Juan, Puerto Rico (which is a self-governing commonwealth of the United States) in 1988. In its early years the WBO's titles were not widely recognized. By 2012 when the Japan Boxing Commission officially recognized the governing body, it had gained similar status to the other three major sanctioning bodies. Its motto is "dignity, democracy, honesty." When a WBO champion has reached "preeminent status", the WBO's Executive Committee may designate him as a "Super Champion". However, this is only an honorary title and not the same as the WBA's policy of having separate "Super" and "Regular" champions. A WBO "Super Champion" cannot win or lose that recognition in the ring; it is merely awarded by the WBO.

### *The Ring*

The boxing magazine *The Ring* awards its own belts. The original title sequence began from the magazine's first publication in the 1920s until its titles were placed on hiatus in 1989, continuing as late as 1992 in some divisions. When *The Ring* started awarding titles again in 2001, it did not calculate retrospective lineages to fill in the gap years, instead nominating a new champion.

In 2007, *The Ring* was acquired by the owners of fight promoter Golden Boy Promotions, which has publicized *The Ring'*s world championships when they are at stake in fights it promotes (such as Joe Calzaghe vs. Roy Jones Jr. in 2008). Since 2012, to reduce the number of vacant titles, *The Ring* allows fights between a number one or two contender; or alternatively a number three, four, or five contender to fill a vacant title. This has prompted further doubts about its credibility. Some boxing journalists have been extremely critical of the new championship policy and state that if this new policy is followed, the *Ring* title may lose the credibility it once held.

## Current champion

The current champions in each weight division are listed below. Each champion's professional boxing record is shown in the following format: wins–losses–draws–no contests (knockout wins).

### Heavyweight (+224 lb/+101.6 kg)

Super champion
25–1 (22 KO)
December 7, 2019
Diamond champion
42–2 (41 KO)
October 9, 2021
25–1 (22 KO)
December 7, 2019
Super champion
25–1 (22 KO)
December 7, 2019
February 22, 2020
25–1 (22 KO)
 Regular champion

### Bridgerweight (224 lb/101.6 kg)

19–0 (13 KO)
28–1 (19 KO)
October 22, 2021
19–0 (13 KO)
19–0 (13 KO)

### Cruiserweight (200 lb/86.2 kg or 200 lb/90.7 kg)

Super champion
26–0 (18 KO)
August 31, 2019
Diamond champion
29–2 (25 KO)
January 31, 2020
22–0 (17 KO)
July 2, 2022
Super champion
18–0 (14 KO)
March 20, 2021
22–0 (17 KO)
 Ryad Merhy
Regular champion
30–1 (25 KO)
January 29, 2021

### Light heavyweight (175 lb/79.4 kg)

Super champion
57–1–2 (39 KO)
November 2, 2019
Diamond champion
18–0 (18 KO)
October 18, 2019
18–0 (18 KO)
November 11, 2017
Super champion
57–1–2 (39 KO)
November 2, 2019
 Regular champion

### Super middleweight (168 lb/76.2 kg)

December 19, 2020
Diamond champion
26–0 (23 KO)
28 September 2019
22–0 (12 KOs)
November 6, 2021
 Regular champion
7–0 (6 KO)
January 19, 2021

### Middleweight (160 lb/72.6 kg)

Super champion
42–1–1 (37 KO)
April 9, 2022
Diamond champion
32–0 (22 KO)
June 26, 2019
42–1–1 (37 KO)
October 5, 2019
Super champion
31–0 (19 KO)
October 20, 2018
 Erislandy Lara
Regular champion
29–3–3 (17 KO)
May 1, 2021
Regular champion
12–0 (8 KO)
May 21, 2022

### Super welterweight (154 lb/69.9 kg)

Super champion
35–1–1 (19 KO)
September 26, 2020
Diamond champion
35–1–1 (19 KO)
December 21, 2019
35–1–1 (19 KO)
September 26, 2020
Super champion
35–1–1 (19 KO)
May 14, 2022
35–1–1 (19 KO)
 Regular champion
Regular champion
19–0–1 (13 KO)
April 9, 2022

### Welterweight (147 lb/66.7 kg)

Super champion
28–0 (22 KO)
April 16, 2022
Diamond champion
28–0 (22 KO)
September 28, 2019
28–0 (22 KO)
May 27, 2017
Super champion
38–0 (29 KO)
June 9, 2018
 Eimantas Stanionis
Regular champion
14–0–0–1 (9 KO)
April 16, 2022

### Super lightweight (140 lb/63.5 kg)

28–0 (17 KOs)
March 17, 2018
28–0 (17 KOs)
July 27, 2019
28–0 (17 KOs)
 Regular champion

### Lightweight (135 lb/61.2 kg)

Super champion
28–0 (15 KO)
June 4, 2022
Diamond champion
28–0 (15 KO)
October 23, 2019
28–0 (15 KO)
June 4, 2022
Super champion
28–0 (15 KO)
June 4, 2022
28–0 (15 KO)
  Gervonta Davis
Regular champion
27–0 (25 KO)
December 28, 2019

### Super featherweight (130 lb/59 kg)

Super champion
25–3–1 (20 KO)
August 28, 2021
Diamond champion
18–0 (9 KO)
April 30, 2022
15–0 (9 KO)
June 4, 2022
Super champion
18–0 (9 KO)
October 23, 2021
18–0 (9 KO)
 Regular champion

### Featherweight (126 lb/57.2 kg)

Super champion
38–2–1 (19 KO)
January 28, 2017
Diamond champion
36–0 (22 KO)
July 9, 2022
32–0–1 (8 KO)
March 26, 2022
35–1 (29 KO)
October 9, 2020
 Regular champion
July 31, 2021

### Super bantamweight (122 lb/55.3 kg)

Super champion
10–0 (7 KO)
January 30, 2020
Diamond champion
21–0 (8 KO)
November 27, 2021
10–0 (7 KO)
January 30, 2020
21–0 (8 KO)
January 23, 2021
 Regular champion

### Bantamweight (118 lb/53.5 kg)

Super champion
23–0 (20 KO)
November 7, 2019
Diamond champion
23–0 (20 KO)
June 7, 2022
23–0 (20 KO)
May 18, 2019
May 3, 2022
23–0 (20 KO)
 Regular champion

### Super flyweight (115 lb/52.2 kg)

Super champion
42–3 (28 KO)
March 13, 2021
Diamond champion
16-0 (11 KO)
February 5, 2022
14–0 (8 KO)
February 26, 2022
28–2 (15 KO)
June 19, 2019
42–3 (28 KO)
  Joshua Franco
Regular champion
18–1–2–1 (8 KO)
June 23, 2020

### Flyweight (112 lb/50.8 kg)

Super champion
21–0 (15 KO)
February 24, 2018
Diamond champion
18–2–0–2 (14 KO)
December 20, 2019
23–0 (18 KO)
November 6, 2020
 Regular champion
Regular champion
21–4–0–1 (16 KO)
February 27, 2021

### Light flyweight (108 lb/49 kg)

Super champion
16–0 (11 KO)
December 31, 2018
Diamond champion
19–1 (11 KO)
March 19, 2022
25–3–1–1 (14 KO)
October 17, 2021
16–0 (11 KO)
 Regular champion

### Strawweight (105 lb/47.6 kg)

Super champion
23–0 (9 KO)
June 29, 2016
Diamond champion
38–1 (23 KO)
November 27, 2020
26–3–1 (15 KO)
July 1, 2022
16–3 (11 KO)
December 14, 2021
 Erick Rosa
Regular champion
5–0 (1 KO)
December 21, 2021

Dillian Whyte, Amanda Serrano and Clarissa Shields does MMA

* Tyson Fury retired from professional boxing after Wilder 2 fight, he would pursue a MMA career.

## MMA

* Sijara Eubanks in jail for 4th degree domestic violence, jailed for 18 months and $1,000
* Amanda Nunes is in jail for domestic violence against Nina Nunes, jailed for 1 year of probation and $1,000
* Norma Dumont does BJJ
* Aspen Ladd does ballet and run long-distance
* Germaine de Randamie is either a psychiatric nurse or a police officer
* Julianna Peña
* Raquel Pennington does basketball, softball, volleyball, running cross country
* Ashlee Evans-Smith is a podcaster, titled Sex & Violence with Rebel Girl
* Holly Holm is an actress as well as woodworks, painting, tiling, etc. falls under the word ‘works’ in her home
* Stephanie Egger does judo.
* Macy Chiasson plays softball
* Miranda Maverick on Industrial Psychology
* Montana De La Rosa does BJJ.
* Shanna Young does exercise science
* Manon Fiorot does snowboarding
* Victoria Leonardo teaches Spanish at Calvary Baptist Academy
* Erin Blanchfield is commentator
* Casey O'Neill (born in Kilmarnock, Scotland) does BJJ
* Maryna Moroz is a coach.
* Lauren Murphy is in a nursing school
* Katlyn Chookagian does Business Management and Marketing
* Mariya Agapova
* Cortney Casey and Molly McCann plays football
* JJ Aldrich
* Antonina Shevchenko
* Maycee Barber
* Julia Avila
* Sara McMann
* Ji Yeon Kim does Hapkido
* Irene Aldana dopes graphic design.
* Wu Yanan does kung fu
* Yana Kunitskaya does coaching
* Bea Malecki is a Mechanical Engineer
* Julija Stoliarenko does BJJ.
* Pannie Kianzad retired from MMA.
* December 7, 2018 Jessica-Rose Clark kicked Julian Wallace in the head while wearing boots, elbowed Wallace in the head and put Wallace in a chokehold after Wallace brought home the wrong noodles for his dinner in April 2016. Wallace said she was able to break free, but Clark caught her and then kneed her in the ribs. In September 2016, Clark pleaded guilty to 1 count of assault occasioning actual bodily harm and 1 count of intentionally choking with recklessness. Clark was sentenced to 22 months in jail (released on 7 October 2020)
* Ketlen Vieira, Karol Rosa, Mayra Bueno Silva, Melissa Gatto, Luana Carolina, Priscila Cachoeira, Amanda Ribas, Viviane Araújo, Jennifer Maia, Taila Santos, Polyana Viana and Amanda Lemos is in Brazil MMA league.
* Silvana Gómez Juárez plays rugby.
* Emily Ducote does in BJJ.
* Jinh Yu Frey is a radiographer.
* Mackenzie Dern does ADCC and no gi BJJ
* Michelle Waterson is a stuntwoman, actress and model
* Ariane Carnelossi works in a restaurant.
* Zhang Weili worked at a local Beijing gym as a fitness instructor and front desk job
* Jéssica Andrade plays football for São Paulo
* Joanna Jędrzejczyk is a mother and businesswoman.
* Carla Esparza does wrestling
* Ashley Yoder is a lifeguard
* Tatiana Suarez and Lupita Godinez does BJJ and wrestling
* Tabatha Ricci does BJJ
* Miranda Granger plays softball
* Hannah Goldy does snowboarding, running track, and competing in cross-country
* Loma Lookboonmee does Muay Thai
* Mizuki Inoue does grappling matches
* Rose Namajunas joins Fury Pro Grappling
* Cris Cyborg and Paige VanZant joins AEW
* Miesha Tate retires in 2016 starting a family and joined ONE Championship in a backstage role
* Andrea Lee is a stay-at-home mom to 2 children, wife to WWE wrestler Chris Hero, farmer and hunter
* Ronda Rousey is an actress and streamer
* Angela Hill worked as an animator in animation studios, as a bartender, video gamer and cosplayer
* Diana Belbiţă is a kickboxing, judo and kempo practitioner
* Valentina Shevchenko is an actress, a dancer, elected into the IFMA executive board as a representative of the organization's athletic commission. She was also an ambassador for IFMA's "Sport is Your Gang" initiative in Peru, which offered Muay Thai training to marginalized youth as a way to give them an alternative to joining a gang or participating in a violent lifestyle. The project won the Muaythai Spirit of Sport Award in 2014. Shevchenko has been regularly competing in the IPSC, IDPA, and 3-Gun pistol shooting competitions since 2010
* Valerie Loureda and Jessica Eye joins WWE