recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Tō no Yume

**Tō no Yume** [棟の菌, c. 1210s - c. 1270s] was an early Kantonese female poet, and by far the most highly-regarded and respected of her time. She was renowned for her unusual beauty, her intelligence and wit, and her remarkable command of language. To this day, Tō no Yume is considered a symbol of ideal Kantonese femininity.

## Biography

Almost nothing of Tō's life is known for certain, save for the names of various men with whom she engaged in romantic affairs; some of her correspondences and exchanges of poetry with them have been recovered. She was probably born between 1203 and 1210, and she was most active in composing poetry around the middle of the thirteenth century.

Extensive study has gone into trying to ascertain her place of birth, her family and so on, but without conclusive results. Legends have always said that she was born in Hamae Prefecture, although there is no evidence of this. Some scholars have posed the theory that Yume may have been multiple women, a mythical figure to whom the qualities of numerous women were attributed. It has also been theorised that she worked as a courtesan in the Imperial courts during her adolescence, thus allowing her to study of poetry and literature.

According to one tradition, Yume was born in eastern Hamae Prefecture, and was the daughter of a poor merchant family. The 1367 play Yume Ryōji by Yōsaka describes her as a "middle-class lady, born sixth to an unfortunate merchant'. However, historians do not know if this is a factual detail, or if Yōsaka made it up on a whim. Today it is believed that she was most likely a woman of middling lineage who travelled to the capital in order to gain opportunities, and became a court performer, courtesan or lady-in-waiting.

## Poetry

Legend says that Tō was well aware of her beauty and allure to men, and had many lovers during her life. Poem #98 in her first anthology begins with a line which references a poem by her contemporary Nenu no Kanjū; they apparently had frequent correspondence. In her second anthology Tō writes of 'excellent health' (the homophonous word *kanjū*) as being her 'most sought-after goal' (perhaps suggesting that she wished to marry him, or at least become romantically involved with the poet).

Indeed, Tō no Yume is almost inextricably linked with eroticism, romantic love and desire. Her poems cover a number of strong feelings in great detail: desire, love, passion, melancholia, loneliness and introspectiveness. Some of her major works are:

* Under the Peach Blossoms (塙花の导, *Momohana no Ku*)
* Road Along a Beautiful Mountain (亮山煮迂, *Ryōsan Niren*)
* Waves Meeting on a Distant Shore (批代の连波, *Tendai no Keinō*)
* Lighting A Candle (標条, *Rintana*)
* Twilight (沒物, *Meiyū*)
Mount Midori

**Mount Midori** [みどり山; みどり・さん] is a mountain located in eastern Uchi Prefecture. It lies within the borders of the capital city of Sanhei, and is the largest peak in the wider Ōyuki range. It has an elevation of around 1,500 metres.

Mount Midori's name means 'awe' or 'awesomeness' and is a translation of its original Sunpaku name *Ura na Shunu* which means 'mountain of wonder'.
Sansha Pass

The **Sansha Pass** [山下山量 さんしゃ・さんりょう] is a mountain pass on the southern Taiyū Alps connecting the western Yamanokan portion of what is now Mikei Prefecture to the coastal eastern region, Yamanoshi.

The route which ran through the pass was a very ancient one, dating to the early Chisō period when it once connected Namema and Mizuno Provinces. The road was developed further into the medieval era to better facilitate trade between Sanzama and Kōsori Provinces, and was of great economic importance due to its connection to the Hongiryō *dōryō* highway.
Tōzō

**Tōzō** [最坎 とうぞう] is a city located in the far north of Saka Prefecture. As of 2022, it had a population of around 10,000, making it the second-smallest city in the prefecture.

Tōzō is the furthest north settlement in the prefecture, and borders the city of Fuyumizu in Heisai Prefecture, for which it is a bedroom community. A portion of the city's area is taken up by the Sakanohonde National Park. Tōzō is known primarily for its rural charm and picturesque landscape, which features virgin woodlands and rugged hills. The city is also known for its hot spring resort, Sakate Reijō.

Besides that the city is also well known for its tea production. It is one of the northernmost places in Kanton where tea is able to be grown. The area's fertile soil, clean air, and mild climate provide ideal growing conditions for the plants. Tea production has been a vital part of Tōzō's economy and culture for centuries, with many small family-run tea farms still operating in the region.
Umure Bay

**Umure Bay** [云無港; うむれ・もん] is a bay located between Aoma and Arami Prefectures, facing the Umure Strait and the Honnan islands in the north of Kanton. It was historically a crucial and central aspect of the trade between the northern mainland and the Summui Kingdom. Throughout its history the bay was under the domain of Daimi Province, and the Port of Umure was the Daimi clan's largest and most prosperous harbour.
Tarase Coast

The **Tarase Coast** [辛牙筌 たらせ・なみ] is a stretch of coastline located in the western ward of Tarase, Saka Prefecture, overlooking Honnami Bay. It is considered one of the most scenic regions in the prefecture, and attracts thousands of visitors each year.

The coast is known for its beaches, and offers opportunities for fishing, surfing, watersports, wild camping, and hiking. The rugged yet picturesque quality of the area is considered particularly novel by those coming from highly industrialised urban areas. Tarase Lighthouse is located on the coast, built in 1935, and which has traditionally guided ships into Honnami Bay.
Shūwa

**Shūwa** [舅岩 しゅうわ] is a city located in northern Hamae Prefecture. As of 2022, it has a population of around 32,000.

Shūwa is located north of the Arazake Hills, on the border with Aoma Prefecture. It is home to a large tea and rice industry, and also produces a third of the prefecture's potatoes. Industry also includes tourism, particularly to Shūwa's tea fields and the Shūzō nature reserves, as well as the cultivation of grapes, including a municipally-managed winery, and dairy products such as milk and cheese. The company Delight, one of the oldest candy producers in northern Kanton, has its headquarters in Shūwa.
Nasae Bay

**Nasae Bay** [洒标港; なさえ・もん] is a bay located on Daizō island in Honnan, overlapping the prefectures of Uchi and Zōhai (although the majority of its area lies in the latter). It is one of the largest bays in Kanton and the largest in the Honnan region.

Nasae Bay is known as being both the historical and contemporary primary port for cargo ships and other large vessels visiting Daizō for trade purposes. It is one of Kanton's most well-developed bays, having undergone a variety of manmade expansions over the decades.

## Nasaemon Typhoon

On September 13 1963, the Nasaemon Typhoon devastated the Nasae Bay area. Rising tidal levels and pounding surf collapsed floodbanks and swept over low-lying areas of the coast, washing away boats. Over 3,000 people were reported killed or missing, with nearly 150,000 buildings totally or partially destroyed. The damage and loss of life during this disaster remains the worst caused by a typhoon in Kantonese recorded history.
Saiyaka

**Saiyaka** [筌莎; さいやか / Sunpaku: すらいじょき] is a city located in southern Uchi Prefecture. As of 2022, it has a population of around 42,000.

Saiyaka is located on the southern coast of Uchi, and looks out over Nasae Bay, which is the largest and busiest bay area in the Daizō region. As a result, Saiyaka has historically flourished as a centre of fishing and also became a sizeable trading centre in the 16th century. Saiyaka Port is significant as being one of the main ways for ferries, cargo ships and other vessels to enter Uchi Prefecture. From the 1800s onwards, Saiyaka became known primarily as both a merchants' town (aka a popular centre for trade) and a *byōbunja*.

The Natsumizu River runs through Saiyaka's city centre; it historically provided very good irrigation for rice farming. The Yamadaru National Park takes up about a fifth of the city's designated area to the north.

Saiyaka has a range of *reijo* (or *atsumizu* in the local dialect) for bathing as well as other hot springs formed from different minerals for scenic viewing, and is also known for its large deer park. Saiyaka Ō-Atsumizu is one of many well-known resorts in Kanton, with many nearby hotels and *yoto*, and is the largest "hot spring town" in Uchi Prefecture.
Takurayagi

**Takurayagi** [企称 たくらやぎ] was a large licensed red-light district in Minami, Kōfu Prefecture, and also later a *senkō* district (*kōroku*). Established in 1490, Takurayagi became defunct in the 1960s, and by the 1970s, no *senkō* were registered there. *Meiri*, who never disappeared entirely from the area, were allowed to register as a special type of *senkō* following the outlawing of prostitution, and continue to perform in the district to this day. Takurayagi continues to operate as a tourist destination, and has a number of teahouses and traditional theatres.

## History

Before the official establishment of Takurayagi, a number of earlier entertainment districts existed, including Watahanamachi (患设満) and the Annen (劲年) or 'golden avenue'; these were absorbed into Takurayagi in an effort to contain prostitution and create a designated area for illicit entertainment. The name *Takurayagi* can be literally translated as 'tall willow', which is possibly an allusion to the ideal look of a prostitute - tall stature and a supple, slender body. In this way the name was probably used as subtle advertisement of the quality of service which customers could expect. During the 1600s, it was also nicknamed Gaijun-bun or 'licensed quarter' to distinguish the high-class workers there from the unlicensed women and men who operated throughout the rest of the city and wider area.

Takurayagi was one of the major districts known as *ryūroku* (谅负, 'pleasure quarter') established in large cities of Kanton during the early medieval period to restrict prostitution. This was designed to control the spread of male and female sex workers throughout the country - not because of a moral opposition to prostitution but out of a desire to compartmentalize certain types of activity within cities; similar measures were taken with theatres, restaurants, public houses and inns, the latter exemplified in the rise of *koman*. When *senkō* became more popular in the mid-1600s, some operated in Takurayagi, and hence it also became a *kōroku* (*senkō* district).

By the early 20th century, a decline in the merchant class, who were the backbone of the *ryūroku* economy, and moral issues concerning sex work emerging in society, caused economic difficulties to many of the pleasure quarters. While the *kōroku* adapted and have continued to this day, Takurayagi and many other *ryūroku* began to wane in popularity over the next fifty years, finally ceasing even as a *kōroku* in the 1970s. This decline is also attributed to Takurayagi's geographical situation - it was established on the outskirts of Minami and was relatively isolated due to its location in the Honzura region, compared to the other *ryūroku* which were located much further south.

While the *kōroku* remained active until the 1970s, it is now largely defunct, without a resident *senkō* population and with no active *kyūto.* Today, Takurayagi is mostly a tourist attraction and historical site; five teahouses remain, the most popular being the Namashizu (生亲), established in 1641, and the Megamido (冢戸), established in 1688.
Tanima

**Tanima** [汕岩; たにま / Sunpaku: たでり] is a city located in south-western Zōhai Prefecture. As of 2022, it has a population of around 13,000, making it the second-smallest city.

Taderi Castle, a distinctive landmark of the city, was built in the 15th century and served as the home of the Summui warlord Zu'anji.
Sakatsu Gorge

**Sakatsu Gorge** [坂刲水汕 さかつ・すいた] is a gorge located on the Gangotsu River in Koroi, Arami Prefecture. The gorge is regarded as being the most famous in northern Kanton. A hot spring resort, the Sakatsusuita Reijo, is located at the entry to the gorge and attracts a large number of visitors during autumn foliage season. A pedestrian tunnel runs along the wall of Sakatsu for sightseers. Formerly there was a climbing path along the side of the river, but it was closed after a rockfall in 1988.
Natsuri Castle

**Natsuri Castle** [无粮莽 なつり・がく] is a castle located in Natsuri, Mikei Prefecture. It was constructed in the 730s by the Namema clan, and was originally used as a fortification to establish control over the region and offer protection for the populace.

Natsuri Castle underwent a siege by the Sanzama clan in 868, and had to be rebuilt after being raized to the ground. This event marked the end of the Namema rule, and the Sanzama soon became the leading power in the region. With the construction of the now-ruined Izen Castle further south, Natsuri Castle gradually lost importance. It was retained as a center for administrative functions, but most military activities were transferred to various southern strongholds.
Shūsei River

The **Shūsei River** [去易免; しゅうせい・み] is a river located in northern Inaki Prefecture. It runs through the city of Hossui, crossing through Danbara and Yamaguchi also. The Shūsei is known for its propensity for flooding, which has caused a large amount of damage to the nearby settlements, especially Hossui and Yamaguchi. However, it is also valued as an irrigation supply for crop farming. Freshwater fish are also plentiful in its waters.

The Shūsei has its source in the Seishi Hills, near the foothills of Mount Mizumae.
Mount Seiyuki

**Mount Seiyuki** [济雪山 せいゆき・さん] is a mountain located in the southern Taiyu Alps in Kōfu Prefecture. It has a height of around 2,770 metres, and is the third-tallest peak in the prefecture. It is known as one of the most dangerous climbable mountains in the country.

Although many of the trekking routes leading to the summit are relatively safe, there have been a large number of deaths due to rock climbing. Since Seiyuki's initial exploration and route-finding in the early 1930s, a total of 805 people have died on the mountain. The mountain is sometimes nicknamed *Jonzan* ('Death Mountain') due to the amount of preserved bodies which have been founded along its slopes. The mountain's lower slopes are fitted with commemorative plaques for those who have died while climbing.
Shitori

**Shitori** [しとり / Sunpaku: しふぁり] is a city located in southern Zōhai Prefecture. As of 2020 it had an estimated population of around 140,000, making it the second-most populated settlement in the prefecture.

Shitori lies in the northern part of the Miwara Valley, bordering the capital city Nasamazu, and acting as a hub of employment and commerce for a number of smaller cities and towns around it. It has numerous sites pertaining to the ancient Shinryō religion, and as a whole Shitori has numerous historically significant sites, including Uda Castle and the Shitori Watchtower.

To the north, Shitori is bordered by the Toruhara Mountains and the adjacent Doshō range further east, which serves as a natural border between Nasamazu. Two rivers flow through Shitori; the Hyōsu and the northern section of the Miwara. For centuries these two freshwater sources have provided vital irrigation for crops.

## Economy

Shitori, due to its large amount of arable irrigated land, is noted for several agricultural products. The city, like many areas of southern Zōhai, produces blueberries and other cold-climate fruits such as apples and cherries. Cultivation of flowering plants, notably heather and lavender, is a relatively new horticultural addition to the city's economy. Land improvement has made small-scale rice production possible. Pigs have been raised in Shitori since the 1920s.

## Local attractions

Live music festivals have been a large part of Shitori culture since the 1970s, and the city was named by the popular Kantonese music magazine Pepper as one of the nation's best cities to perform for. The Keiba Central Park, centred around and amongst the ruins of Uda Castle, is popular with residents and visitors. Shitori is also one of the only northern Kantonese cities to have a Chinatown. Other attractions include:

* Shitori Park
* Shitori City Temple
* Shitori-Shifari Cultural Centre
* Fushima Castle
* Uda Castle
* Shitori City Museum & Art Gallery
Watano

**Watano** (患笹 わたの) is a city located in eastern Heisai Prefecture. As of 2022, it has a population of around 11,000, making it the smallest city in the prefecture.

Watano is located on the border with Tomono Prefecture. As a starting point for roads to Senzan, Yasume, Okuyama, and many other destinations, Watano became well-known as an inn town. In addition, with the growth of smaller roads to Senzan, a government-maintained rest stop and messenger station called Watano Miyato was established in Watano in 1521.

## Geography

Watano is located in the northern Deyama region, on the eastern side of the Yūmi Mountains. The Uegata River runs through the centre of the city. Due to the rainy climate and harsh local wet seasons, the Uegata has been known to flood multiple times a year.

## Economy

Watano has a mixed economy of agriculture and light manufacturing. It is known for being a producer of raw materials such as clay, granite, iron ore, and crude oil. It is also considered a bedroom community for the nearby city of Yasume.

## Local attractions

- Watano Castle

- Watanoyama Temple

- Daiyako - a 1,000 year old peach tree located in Watano City Park

- Furugata-gaki - a large stone from the 16th century which marks directions to various settlements in Heisai

- Watano Museum
Tanzō

**Tanzō** [閌坎 たんぞう] is a city located in central Saka Prefecture. As of 2022, it had a population of roughly 16,000.

Tanzō began as a stronghold of the Yamako clan against sieges brought upon the neighbouring settlement of Wakatsu from Kamado forces. It was a military town, mostly inhabited by soldiers, until the early 1400s when it was transformed into a koman due to its location on the Salt Road. From this period onwards, Tanzō became a centre of trade and the transportation of goods, and began to particularly flourish in the early 17th century as it grew into a merchant town.

During the 2011 Kanjō Bay disaster, Tanzō's southern ward sustained particularly severe damages with over 20,000 buildings destroyed, but no lives were lost.

## Geography

Tanzō is situated to the west side of Mount Nakano, adjacent to the prefectural capital Wakatsu. It is bordered by two rivers: the Yamanate to the north and the Yamahoku to the south. Lake Hyōri is located about 12 miles from the city centre in the neighbouring city of Umezake.

## Economy

Tanzō was a largely agricultural area until large scale housing development began after the 1960s, and by the 1980s, with the opening of the Wakatsu Expressway and several industrial parks, the area increasingly became a commuter town for the capital.

## Local attractions

* Sakurako Dam
* Yamana Temple
* Tanzō City Museum
* Tanzō City Kanjō Bay Memorial
* Sakurako Park
Saimaku

**Saimaku** [遥盾; さいまく/ Sunpaku: おろどし] is a city located in far northern Zōhai Prefecture. As of 2020, it had a population of around 57,000.

Agriculture and the raising of livestock are the core financial industries in Saimaku, with the main exports being pork, chicken, carrots, various green leafy vegetables, and rice. However, each year more and more land once used for agriculture is being sold and converted into residential and retail districts.

The tourism industry is a steadily growing component of Saimaku's economy. Traveling in and out of the city is facilitated primarily through the local airfield, Saimaku Airport. The city itself is located north of the Gihara Mountains and the larger municipality of Hagitsu, for which Saimaku's southern ward is something of a bedroom community.
Tōzu

**Tōzu** [季旻 とうず] is a general term for traditional Kantonese confections. The term is often translated as 'sweet(s)', 'dessert' or 'candy'. Common ingredients of tōzu include sugar, honey, fruits, nuts, roots, spices (particularly cinnamon and ginger), berries, agar-agar, and herbs such as mint.

Tōzu are often eaten during periods of festivities and celebration. They are especially popular during the New Year and Wakazaku, at *jūnagai* ceremonies, and at Wakamachi.

## Types

There are many different varieties of tōzu, spanning from unusual regional streetfoods to famous, popular types sold in supermarkets across the country. Generally, tōzu can be categorised into seven different main types:

* Candies (念季, *tōtō*) - traditional candies are made mainly with sugar as the main or standout ingredient, such as *tosumi*, candied fruit, or *tōzo*, which are pieces of fruit coated in sugar water and eaten on a skewer. Another example is *saya*, a traditional sweet which comes in syrup, taffy or candy form; it is made by saccharifying rice, corn or sweet potatoes with barley malt.
* Sweet beverages (季稟, *tōyu*) - traditional drinks made by boiling water with honey, flavouring with spices such as cinnamon or ginger, and adding pieces of dried or fresh fruit, roots, or berries. They can be served hot or cold, usually depending on season. The term *tōyu* is often translated as 'punch'.
* Jellies (泪字, *suiji*) - traditional Kantonese jellies are made by mixing fruit juice with starch and agar to attain a gelatinous texture. Usually they are flavoured with berries, cherries, melon and apricot.
* Shaved ice (啃滴, *kozuki*) - shaved ice desserts, flavoured with syrups or sliced fruit, have been popular through Kanton since the late 1800s.
* Western-style (東季, *kandō*) - this category includes sponge cakes, tarts, ice cream, biscuits, and virtually any baked or wheat-based sweet food which has become popular in Kanton over the past century or so. Baked goods are also known as *obeki* (烘き).
* Fried foods (烹き, *izashiki*) - this includes anything made with fried dough, such as *anopan* (桌芋盼, sweet potato pancakes), and *mibu* (果哚, fried doughballs with sweet fillings).
* Rice-based (季拉, *tōgi*) - one of the larger categories; some examples include *tōgi* (glutinous rice cakes), *kitakari* (奇抹り, rice crackers dipped in sugar or honey), and *missobi* (傥粗, rice porridge sweetened with honey, sugar, fruits and sometimes cinnamon).
Niwanaji Castle

**Niwanaji Castle** [にわなじ・がり / Sunpaku: にわなじ・おどく] is a Summui castle located in the city of Nasamazu in Zōhai Prefecture. It is located on the northern edge of Kandō Harbour.

The fortification was constructed in 1667 by the Summui King Danzen. It was built to defend the port and the city of Nasamazu, alongside a number of villages situated around the coast at that time. A large iron chain gate could be drawn up over the harbour entrance, operated from Niwanaji Castle to deny ships' entry. It was also armed with small cannons. The defending guards and soldiers were often armed with pikes and long-range weapons such as crossbows. These defenses were successful in driving away the fleet of Daimi during their 1699 invasion. The walls surrounding the harbour, although once built for protection, became generally used by civilians from the 19th century to watch the departure and arrival of ships.

After the Summui Kingdom was annexed by Japan in 1710, the castle was seized by the national government and gentrified considerably, being stripped of its defenses and transformed into a storage space. By the 1860s, the site had been opened for public visitation.
Teibi Temple

**Teibi Temple** [定涤方 ていび・ほら] is a *daihora* temple located in Tarase, Saka Prefecture. It is by far the largest and most popular temple in the prefecture, receiving over 2.3 million visits annually. According to local legend, it was founded in the 8th century, indicating a history extending over some twelve centuries.

During the 17th century, Teibi Temple received the patronage of the *konbūshin* of the Honzura region, spreading its influence not only through the north but throughout all of Kanton. At present, the temple is visited by millions each year and is the destination of the Teibi Pilgrimage from the capital. Teibi is dedicated to Anmeshigami – a spirit with jurisdiction over the five grains and foodstuffs.
Taifuki

***Taifuki*** [たいふき] is a type of decorative reinforcement embroidery, which originated in Aoma Prefecture during the Teijō period, or the late 15th century. It is also known as *aomafuki*, typically by those outside of the prefecture.

*Taifuki* is generally constructed of white cotton embroidery in square patterns on plain fabrics such as cotton, linen and hemp. During the Teijō period, peasants were not permitted to wear cotton cloth in the Honzura region, as it was deemed only fit for use by the upperclasses. Peasants initially attempted to stay warm by wearing multiple layers of linen, but the fabric frayed easily. Cotton thread was instead added to linen cloth with the aim of bypassing these regulations and making clothes warmer and more protective during the harsh winter weather, as well as strengthening the cloth.

Later, during the Kanaka administration (1705-1791), many of the strict class rules that once governed Kanton were abolished or became more lenient. This enabled the use of cotton in clothing for everyone in the former holdings of the Honzura, and embroidering dyed cloth with white cotton thread became more common. As the access to materials increased, competition to design the most beautiful patterns rose, with an estimate of over 300 different *taifuki* patterns being created.

In 1996, *taifuki* was given the status of a traditional craft item of Aoma Prefecture. In the present-day, elementary school students in the region learn how to hand-stitch the pattern.

## Varieties

* *Kaofuki* - originated in an area east of the modern-day city of Yōshō. Strips of embroidery were sewn on the shoulders of clothing in a zig-zag horizontal pattern. This was to increase the strength of the fabric and keep it from wearing down as a result of its owner carrying goods over the shoulder.
* *Tsunanfuki* - originated in the city of Aoma, and is probably the most iconic variety of *taifuki*, featuring square-shaped embroidery patterns. Larger squares would be sewn around the shoulders and back, gradually becoming smaller in a gradient fashion as they reached the waist.
* *Achidafuki* - originated in the Achida village, which is now part of modern-day Kojū. The area was not as well-off as other parts of the Honzura region. As a result, patterns were smaller than seen in other areas due to the lack of material. Horizontal stripes are used, though not as heavily as seen in other patterns.
Okura Waterfall

**Okura Waterfall** [案仂の彩; おくらのふし] is a waterfall located on the southern face of Mount Okura on Shimi Island in Zōhai Prefecture. It is by far the highest waterfall in the prefecture, descending more than three-quarters of the way down the summit of Okura.

The waterfall has often been sited as the most well-known and popular mountain waterfall in Zōhai, mostly due to its impressive height and the shrine which sits nearby. The shrine itself was constructed 350 years ago, and is dedicated to Sushiko, a local water deity. In local legend, the Okura Falls are said to be the birthplace of the benevolent spirit, whose travels across ancient Daizō created all the springs and rivers in the land.

In wintertime, access to the shrine is prohibited due to safety risks; when ice and frost form on the rocks it becomes extremely hazardous. However, in summer the waterfall sees a large number of visitors. The area has been classified as a National Treasure by the Kantonese government.
Tadama River

The **Tadama River** [盾岩免 ただま・み] is a river located in southern Kōfu Prefecture. The Tadama was an important transportation route during the medieval period before the building of railways. Numerous dams have been constructed on the river and its tributaries for hydroelectric power generation, flood control and irrigation. The river is also known for its spectacular salmon run every autumn.

The Tadama has one major tributary, the Fusei River. It is itself a tributary of the Hyōzu River.
Omiinegami

**Omiinegami** [淤稲神; おみいねがみ] is the Kiren goddess of fertility, rice, prosperity, success, agriculture and industry. In ancient times this deity was seen as androgynous, but by the 1100s was considered to be a female *kami*. One of the oldest and most archetypal gods in the Kiren faith, Omiinegami has hundreds of different names and possibly the largest amount of enshrinements across the country, with over one-third being dedicated to her name. Archaeological findings suggest that she has been worshipped since the 7th century.

By the 16th century, Omiinegami was viewed less as a god of rice-growing and agriculture, and more as a symbol of prosperity and success in business. This reflected the changes of society during this time, and coincided with the rise of the merchant class. Some modern companies, such as the famous alcohol producer Yamaneko, continue to revere Omiinegami as a patron god, with shrines atop their corporate headquarters.

According to ancient myths, the goddess Omiinegami was said to have come to Heibaku soon after its creation amidst a harsh famine that had struck the land. As quoted from the Kanna Daiki:

> She descended riding on the back of a great white owl, and in one hand carried sheaves of grain, ine, which are now known as rice plants. As she flew, the Omiinegami scattered these grains across the land and they dispersed to the wind, eventually planting themselves with celestial power and growing to great luscious heights. Thus the Omiinegami saved the people from their starvation and ascended back to the Celestial Realm.
>
>

In sculptures, paintings, woodblocks and most other depictions predating the 1500s, Omiinegami is usually portrayed as a plump, beautiful woman with flowing hair and wearing silken robes, sheaves of rice plants held in her right hand. In later depictions, Omiinegami does not carry rice plants but a large sickel, which traditionally symbolising 'reaping the rewards' of successful business. Starting from the late 1700s, Omiinegami was commonly depicted empty-handed, but wearing robes embellished with the character 滾 [*yū*], meaning 'abundance' or 'wealth'.
Wakazaku

**Wakazaku** [盒跌; わかざく] is a traditional celebration held on the last day of the year. The name is often translated as 'New Year's Eve', but literally means 'before starting'.

Wakazaku is traditionally a period of overindulgence and partying before the restrained, busy period of the New Year. At around noon on the day of Wakazaku, most will conduct their last temple visit of the year (*deimon*). Once this has been completed, festivities and celebrations are held throughout the day and into the evening, up until midnight, when the Wakazaku period ends and the New Year officially starts. When seeing someone for the last time before the New Year, it is traditional to say "*U no dame o*" (央の召を, lit. "finish it well"); the traditional first greeting after the New Year is "*U no waka o*" (央の盒を, lit. "begin it well").

Traditionally, Wakazaku celebrations are raucous and over-the-top, and are viewed as a way to 'let off steam' at the end of the year. The period is colloquially known as *gōshiki*, meaning 'forget the year'.

## *Deimon* (召询)

*Deimon* is the last shrine or temple visit of the year. It usually occurs in the last week of December, around seven days before the first visit of the New Year, known as *kanmon*. This visit is generally considered much less significant than *kanmon.*

Generally, *deimon* entails a brief period of worship or prayer inside a temple or beside a shrine, often asking spirits to forgive any sins committed over the last twelve months. Repentance and promises of resolution are common. In some regions, children are encouraged to write letters of gratitude or apology to their older family members to make up for any bad behaviour, or simply to express appreciation for the hard work of their elders.
Mount Wakae

**Mount Wakae** [若标山; わかえ・さん] is one of the three 'blessed mountains' of the Omiyama range in western Inaki Prefecture along with Mount Genbi and Mount Zenzu. With a height of 1,200 metres it is the smallest and most accessible of the trio, and is often nicknamed Kandeyama or 'first-step mountain' due to its position at the beginning of the chain.

A path of over 2,000 refined stone steps leads to the summit of Mount Wakae, buried amidst centuries-old deciduous woodland, and passing a number of shrines and two temples on the way. The first temple is Wakae-no-Kanbora ('first temple of Wakae') and is used by pilgrims and visitors to cleanse themselves before setting foot on the sacred path. The second is Benzai Temple located near the top, which offers accommodation and acts as a rest-stop for travellers.

The summit of Mount Wakae can also be reached using a vehicle and a bus service is operated during the winter. In addition to pilgrims, tourists and locals often stay at the Benzai Temple lodgings.
Tanizake Temple

**Tanizake Temple** [汕煮方；たにざけ・ほら] is a temple located in the city of Hitama, Tomono Prefecture. It was established by the travelling monk Ikanami in the late 8th century, making it the oldest surviving temple in the prefecture; it is considered his most famous establishment. Tanizake receives around 1.2 million visitors each year, and is known for its large gardens, known as Tanizake Park, which are popular with both tourists and locals.
Mount Niegata

**Mount Niegata** [又岭山 にえがた・さん] is a mountain located in the northern Yūmi Mountains in Heisai Prefecture. It has an estimated height of around 1,723 metres. Mount Niegata has traditionally been considered the 'twin' of its close neighbour Mount Tengata. The name of the peak, which means 'vanishing ridge', comes from the fact that Mount Niegata often disappears behind mist or clouds during the winter.

Mount Niegata is popular with skiiers, and three resorts have been built on its slopes.
Nozoki Station

**Nozoki Station** [希輪大; のぞき・げんだ] is a defunct railway station located in Megami, Uchi Prefecture. Owned by the prefectural government, it remains a popular sightseeing spot even after its closure in the late 1980s due to its name, which means 'wish' or 'hope'.

The station is considered an auspicious spot by locals; the original station building remains standing, and visitors will often paste cards and messages on the walls of the waiting room with wishes written on them. It is thought that doing this will make one's wish come true. Just outside the station is a large copper bell, called Nozoki-tsuno, which visitors are encouraged to ring before they leave for extra good luck.
Oijō

**Oijō** [甥徐 おいじょう, also spelled 管徐] are supernatural entities and spirits in Kantonese folklore. The word *oijō* is the standard term; hundreds of colloquial and dialectal words also exist. Oijō can, depending on region, also be referred to as *oisha*, *manegai*, *kogosha*, *mōi*, *hyōzumi*, and *taisha*, to name a few. Despite often being translated as such, oijō are not literal demons in the Western sense of the word, but rather a generalised manifestation of the forces of evil. Their behaviour can range from malevolent and bloodthirsty to mischievous and playful.

Oijō can have animal features (such as the *akiri*, depicted as a cat, and the *sanukami*, demonic monkey spirits) but more often are either humanoid in appearance or take the form of unassuming inanimate objects (e.g. the *miuki ime* or the *kyurikama*). Even more frequently oijō are described as being bodiless spirits which can possess and influence humans. A famous example would be the *koppushi '*spirit of misery', a metaphor for depression. Many oijō are described as spreaders of evil and misfortune; these are known as *yamegami*, spirits of pestilence.
Sechi

**Sechi** [睿; せち / Sunpaku: せちゃ] is a city located in western Zōhai Prefecture, facing the island of Shimi. As of 2022, it has an estimated population of around 15,000.

The city's coastal location makes it a popular destination for visitors to Shimi Island. Sechi has several sandy beaches and designated camping areas with bathroom facilities. The view of the rocky western coastline is well-known as one of Kanton's best, with impressive and prehistoric rock formations dramatically rising from the land and sea. The Zamui Cliffs are perhaps the most popular area of this stretch of coast.

Sechi's main crops are potatoes and the edible sea grapes known as *nipu* in Sunpaku. There are also several rice paddies, livestock farms and even a cattle breeding facility. Despite the city's proximity to the coast, a fishing industry never developed as the shore was not accessible. There is also a *nōzan* (potato liquor) distillery in Sechi which produces several varieties of the beverage.
Sakatta

**Sakatta** [さかった / Sunpaku: さかった] is a city located in northern Zōhai Prefecture. As of 2022, it has an estimated population of around 20,000. It is located on the upper northern coast of Zōhai. According to historical records, it was one of the first Summui settlements to be 'discovered' and visited by Chinese sailors in the 10th century.

Sakatta is a centre of production of traditional Summui pottery. Its economy also focuses heavily on light manufacturing and fishing; the city's main export is a special variety of high-quality caviar. Seasonal boating trips can be booked on the Sakatta coast, and local tourism is a considerable addition to the economy, as there are various shrines and historical ruins which can be explored around the city.

Sakatta is also known for its annual Sea Festival [*muidoya* in Sunpaku], which has taken place for over 400 years. This is a semi-religious celebration of the ocean and also of the city's history with fishing and marine activities. Often local priestesses (*asha*) are summoned to give thanks and blessings to the city overall, and afterwards boating races are held, along with live music performances and traditional dances. Mōfu Temple is an important cultural site in Sakatta which often attracts visitors.
Yōsaka

**Yōsaka** (逮坂, c. 1330s - 1383) was a Kantonese playwright, author and actor of the Hanjō period. Although his real name is unknown, there are many variations on his pseudonym, including Shishizu, Yōchin, and Yōsan. He is the father of the well-known actor and playwright Mizuzake no Tanyō (汝逮).

Yōsaka's career began when he founded a *hongyū* theatre group in the national capital of Jūkei in the 1350s. The troupe travelled throughout the western region of Kanton before moving back to the capital and forming the Yōsaka Theatre Company, which would later become the de facto school of *jūkyū* theatre. Yōsaka himself grew in popularity, with his written scripts being adapted into successful plays, and began making trips around Jūkei to give performances. His 1367 play, Yume Ryōji, is one of his most famous and depicts a large fictional account of the life of the poet Tō no Yume. In 1370, the *manza* Yūtei no Hōsō went to see this Yōsaka play and was so impressed by it that he decided to personally fund the rest of Yōsaka's career.

Yōsaka was the first playwright to incorporate the traditional, rustic styles of *hongyū* and *rinyora* from peasant celebrations. He trained his son Tanyō in his own style, and Tanyō eventually succeeded him as director of the Yōsaka Theatre Company and the school of *jūkyū*. Yōsaka died of unknown causes in 1383; historians believe that the cause was most probably cancer.
Mount Zenzu

**Mount Zenzu** [善水山; ぜんず・さん] is a mountain located in western Inaki Prefecture. It is the second-largest in the Omiyama chain, a sacred trio of mountains which also includes Mount Genbi and Mount Wakae. It has a height of around 1,800 metres. Zenzuhara Temple stands near its summit.

Mount Zenzu is part of the second stretch of the Omiyama Pilgrimage which begins at the foot of Mount Wakae and concludes at Daishinji Temple at the summit of Mount Genbi. However for secular travellers, its summit is usually the conclusion of the Omiyama hike, as the journey can take 4-5 hours. Weather warnings are frequent and caution is issued to those who are hiking in foggy, windy or rainy conditions; in addition, certain parts of the trail are likely to become obstructed, damaged or difficult to follow during poor weather conditions.

Due to heavy winter snowfall, Mount Zenzu can be rendered inaccessible for long periods in winter, however skiing is possible on the mountain from late spring to mid-summer.
Ryūgu Gorge

**Ryūgu Gorge** [让口水汕 りゅうぐ・すいた] is a gorge located on the Usamizu River in Heisai Prefecture. It is due north of the largest city, Yukigata, and south of Genzu. It is a narrow chasm cut through rock by the flow of the Usamizu. The name of the gorge translates to 'mouth of the dragon'; aptly, the sheer cliffs lining the gorge are made of basalt columns, which, as the stone has twisted and flowed over time, have to come to resemble dragon scales.

There is a small temple located nearby called Ryūgumizu Temple.
Naoma

**Naoma** [渜岩 なおま] is a city located in northern Arami Prefecture. As of 2022, it has a population of around 25,000.

Naoma is known for its wetland reserves; the majority of the city area is marshy, with swathes of extremely fertile soil which has facilitated prosperous rice farming for centuries. Just under half of the entire region is taken up by Lake Miyamizu, which drains into the surrounding land and causes the high levels of soil moisture. The Naoma Rice Terrace, a collection of paddies to the south of the city, is a relatively popular tourist spot.

Naoma is also a bedroom community for the neighbouring city of Uehara.
Nishi no Nari

The **Nishi no Nari** [倪の迂 にしのなり, 'The Salt Road'], less commonly known as the Shihonjō Road, was a secondary road in pre-modern Kanton running from northern Saka Province to inner Sanzama Province.

The Nishi no Nari was a steep trail following the Yūmi Mountains, which has been in existence since very ancient times. Due to the presence of the Yūmi range, a long-winded byroad had to be followed, instead of simply crossing diagonally between provinces. The road was used for the transport of high-quality salt and preserved seafood from the west coast of Honzura to the inland Sanzama region (present-day Tomono and Mikei Prefectures), and for the export of soybeans, tobacco, alcohol, herbal medicines, cotton, hemp and livestock from Sanzama. The standard method of travel was by foot, as wheeled carts were unable to navigate the steep road in most places. The route was also frequently closed due to heavy snowfall, avalanches, landslides, and flooding.

Salt, in particular, was a critical commodity in pre-modern Kanton and the famous governor of Daimi Province, Daimi no Shunji, was famous abolishing taxes on salt and allowing it to be exported to his rival, Omiya no Amatoshi, as a gesture of magnanimity. The salt trade in Honzura came to be monopolized by six merchant houses from Sanzama, who received official permits from the Imperial government concerning its transport. Pack horses and mules were used to carry loads. The establishment of *koman*, rest-stop towns, created checkpoints where domain officials could examine travel permits and levy taxes, and at which were located small shops and restaurants whose exorbitant prices and sparse products was a constant complaint by travellers.
Shiashi River

The **Shiashi River** [少沈免; しあし・み] is a river which is located in northern Aoma Prefecture. It is the shortest river in the prefecture, and is the largest tributary of the Ashi River, flowing coastwards through the town of Jisu.

Despite its relatively short reach, the Shiashi provides a source of fresh water and irrigation for Jisu along with north-coastal Aoma as a whole.
Nijūgata

**Nijūgata** [而亮型; にじゅうがた, "genre of beauty"] is a generic term for the representation of beauty in Kantonese art, especially in paintings and woodblock prints. Nijūgata can depict any form of beauty, such as scenes of nature or impressive architecture, but usually features *nijū*, beautiful people.

Often, nijūgata was intended to represent a high degree of realism blended with an ethereal, otherworldly sense of purity and beauty. This effect usually created a highly impactful image. Art scholar Kango Nakayama defines nijūgata as depicting a world of 'idealistic realism' where 'all things are beautiful and full of the detail to prove it'. In later versions of the genre, the definition of what made an image beautiful was pushed, and lines were blurred. Sai-nijūgata, or 'new nijūgata', a sub-genre which emerged in the 1940s, combines traditional motifs with subtle provocative images to create an even stronger effect.
Tosumi

**Tosumi** [奇果 とすみ, lit. 'candied fruit') is a kind of *tōzu* (traditional Kantonese confection). It is made by boiling sliced fruit, roots, or certain vegetables such as sweet potatoes in honey or sugar water, then drying the slices and optionally shaping them into flowers or other decorative forms. The candied items often have a chewy, slightly crunchy texture. *Tosumi* originated in Kōfu Prefecture, but is made and eaten all over the country.

Common ingredients include tangerines, quinces, apricots, lotus roots, radishes, carrots, ginger, burdock roots, bamboo shoots, melon, strawberries and cherries. The latter three are usually eaten during the spring and summer months, especially during traditional festivals and celebrations. Another version of *tosumi*, known as *nurami*, is made by boiling water with honey and spices before adding dried fruit later; this is served either hot or cold as a beverage, and originated in the south of Kanton.
Sanbotsu

**Sanbotsu** [山辞 さんぼつ] is a city located in south-central Hamae Prefecture. As of 2022, it has a population of around 70,000.

Sanbotsu lies in a mild valley region between the south-reaching fork of the Banzan Mountains and and the lower Hohara range. The Meisu River flows directly through the city, dividing it in half; it is crossed by the Sanbotsu Bridge.

Sanbotsu is famous for its production of nōtobi potato noodles, and is one of four cities in the Honzura region to claim to be the birthplace of this food. Much like the other three, its claim cannot be fully confirmed as true, although most historians believe it to be the most likely place of origin. The Sanbotsu Nōtobi Festival is held every year in the city centre.
Tōjira University of Social Welfare

**Tōjira University of Social Welfare** [宛尔豆康盖含；とうじら・どうかん・がいはん] is a private university located in Tōwara, Tomono Prefecture, established in 1978. It is ranked as the second-best university in the prefecture. Its schools include:

* Department of Psychology
	+ Clinical Psychology
* Department of Social Welfare
* Department of Childcare
* Department of Education