Zion National Park

**Zion National Park** is an American national park located in southwestern Utah near the town of Springdale. A prominent feature of the Template:Convert park is Zion Canyon, which is Template:Convert long and up to Template:Convert deep. The canyon walls are reddish and tan-colored Navajo Sandstone eroded by the North Fork of the Virgin River. The lowest point in the park is Template:Convert at Coalpits Wash and the highest peak is Template:Convert at Horse Ranch Mountain. Located at the junction of the Colorado Plateau, Great Basin, and Mojave Desert regions, the park has a unique geography and a variety of life zones that allow for unusual plant and animal diversity. Numerous plant species as well as 289 species of birds, 75 mammals (including 19 species of bat), and 32 reptiles inhabit the park's four life zones: desert, riparian, woodland, and coniferous forest. Zion National Park includes mountains, canyons, buttes, mesas, monoliths, rivers, slot canyons, and natural arches.

.

## Scouting Activities

* See Also Utah Scouting.
* List of U.S. National Parks
* Leave No Trace: Utah Scouting reminds all U.S. National Parks visitors to practice Leave No Trace principles during every outdoor adventure.
* Recreation : hiking, backpacking, fishing, nature studies and more
* Scoutcraft : camping, cooking, pioneering, orienteering, and more
* Service : For info on the many service project opportunities available at this park - please contact the park ranger directly.

.

## Gallery

Cave complex in Zion NPKolob Canyon TrailRanger tour at Zion NPBackcountry trails
.

## Geography

The geology of the Zion and Kolob canyons area includes nine formations that together represent 150 million years of mostly Mesozoic-aged sedimentation. At various periods in that time warm, shallow seas, streams, ponds and lakes, vast deserts, and dry near-shore environments covered the area. Uplift associated with the creation of the Colorado Plateau lifted the region Template:Convert starting 13 million years ago.

The park is located in southwestern Utah in Washington, Iron and Kane counties. Geomorphically, it is located on the Markagunt and Kolob plateaus, at the intersection of three North American geographic provinces: the Colorado Plateau, the Great Basin, and the Mojave Desert. The northern part of the park is known as the Kolob Canyons section and is accessible from Interstate 15, exit 40.

The Template:Convert summit of Horse Ranch Mountain is the highest point in the park; the lowest point is the Template:Convert elevation of Coal Pits Wash, creating a relief of about Template:Convert.

Streams in the area take rectangular paths because they follow jointing planes in the rocks. The stream gradient of the Virgin River, whose North Fork flows through Zion Canyon in the park, ranges from Template:Convert (0.9–1.5%)—one of the steepest stream gradients in North America.

 File:Morning Fog on the Towers of the Virgin.jpg
The road into Zion Canyon is Template:Convert long, ending at the Temple of Sinawava, which is named for the coyote god of the Paiute Indians. The canyon becomes more narrow near the Temple and a hiking trail continues to the mouth of The Narrows, a gorge only Template:Convert wide and up to Template:Convert tall. The Zion Canyon road is served by a free shuttle bus from early April to late October and by private vehicles the other months of the year. Other roads in Zion are open to private vehicles year-round.

The east side of the park is served by Zion-Mount Carmel Highway (SR-9), which passes through the Zion–Mount Carmel Tunnel and ends at Mount Carmel. On the east side of the park, notable park features include Checkerboard Mesa and The East Temple.

The Kolob Terrace area, northwest of Zion Canyon, features a slot canyon called The Subway, and a panoramic view of the entire area from Lava Point. The Kolob Canyons section, further to the northwest near Cedar City, features Tucupit Point and one of the world's longest natural arches, Kolob Arch.

 File:Ansel Adams - National Archives 79-AA-V01.jpg
Other notable geographic features of Zion Canyon include Angels Landing, The Great White Throne, the Court of the Patriarchs, The Sentinel, The West Temple, Towers of the Virgin, the Altar of Sacrifice, The Watchman, Weeping Rock, and the Emerald Pools.

Spring weather is unpredictable, with stormy, wet days being common, mixed with occasional warm, sunny weather. Precipitation is normally heaviest in March. Spring wildflowers bloom from April through June, peaking in May. Fall days are usually clear and mild; nights are often cool. Summer days are hot (Template:Convert), but overnight lows are usually comfortable (Template:Convert). Afternoon thunderstorms are common from mid-July through mid-September. Storms may produce waterfalls as well as flash floods. Autumn tree-color displays begin in September in the high country; in Zion Canyon, autumn colors usually peak in late October. Winter in Zion Canyon is fairly mild. Winter storms bring rain or light snow to Zion Canyon and heavier snow to the higher elevations. Clear days may become quite warm, reaching Template:Convert; nights are often Template:Convert. Winter storms can last several days and make roads icy. Zion roads are plowed, except the Kolob Terrace Road which is closed when covered with snow. Winter driving conditions last from November through March.

### Climate

Zion National Park has a BSk (Köppen climate classification) cold semi-arid climate consisting of hot summers and cold winters with a limited amount of precipitation throughout the year.

### **Kolob Canyons**

Kolob Canyons, the northwest corner and little known portion of Zion National Park, is home to rugged, red, Navajo sandstone canyons, just like the main park. Also home to diverse animal and plant life, Kolob Canyons is peaceful and serene.

Because of the surrounding hills and overall dark location, Kolob Canyons offers amazing views of the night sky and Milky Way. At the end of the Kolob Canyons Scenic Drive, the majestic red cliffs of Kolob shine even brighter at sunset. This is also a good place for viewing the stars--look eastward toward the cliffs for the darkest skies.

Many Zion National Park visitors like to stay for sunset, but for those few who stay later, or spend the night in one of the campgrounds, an entirely different and memorable Zion experience awaits: the dark night sky, filled with thousands of stars, above the jagged silhouette of cliffs.

* Southern Utah Astronomy

## History

Archaeologists have divided the long span of Zion's human history into three cultural periods: the Archaic, Protohistoric and Historic periods. Each period is characterized by distinctive technological and social adaptations.

### Archaic period

The first human presence in the region dates to 8,000 years ago when family groups camped where they could hunt or collect plants and seeds. About 2,000 years ago, some groups began growing corn and other crops, leading to an increasingly sedentary lifestyle. Later groups in this period built permanent villages called pueblos. Archaeologists call this the Archaic period and it lasted until Template:Circa. Baskets, cordage nets, and yucca fiber sandals have been found and dated to this period. The Archaic toolkits included flaked stone knives, drills, and stemmed dart points. The dart points were attached to wooden shafts and propelled by throwing devices called atlatls.

By Template:Circa, some of the archaic groups developed into an early branch of seminomadic Anasazi, the Basketmakers. Basketmaker sites have grass- or stone-lined storage cists and shallow, partially underground dwellings called pithouses. They were hunters and gatherers who supplemented their diet with limited agriculture. Locally collected pine nuts were important for food and trade.

### Protohistoric period

 File:Southern Paiute kaun huts.jpeg
Both the Virgin Anasazi and the Parowan Fremont disappear from the archaeological record of southwestern Utah by Template:Circa. Extended droughts in the 11th and 12th centuries, interspersed with catastrophic flooding, may have made horticulture impossible in this arid region.

Tradition and archaeological evidence hold that their replacements were Numic-speaking cousins of the Virgin Anasazi, such as the Southern Paiute and Ute. The newcomers migrated on a seasonal basis up and down valleys in search of wild seeds and game animals. Some, particularly the Southern Paiute, also planted fields of corn, sunflowers, and squash to supplement their diet. These more sedentary groups made brownware vessels that were used for storage and cooking.

### Exploration and settlement

The Historic period begins in the late 18th century with the exploration of southern Utah by Padres Silvestre Vélez de Escalante and Francisco Atanasio Domínguez. The padres passed near what is now the Kolob Canyons Visitor Center on October 13, 1776, becoming the first people of European descent known to visit the area. In 1825, trapper and trader Jedediah Smith explored some of the downstream areas while under contract with the American Fur Company.

In 1847, Mormon farmers from the Salt Lake area became the first people of European descent to settle the Virgin River region. In 1851, the Parowan and Cedar City areas were settled by Mormons who used the Kolob Canyons area for timber, and for grazing cattle, sheep, and horses. They prospected for mineral deposits, and diverted Kolob water to irrigate crops in the valley below. Mormon settlers named the area *Kolob*—in Mormon scripture, the heavenly place nearest the residence of God.

 File:Crawford ranch in Zion Canyon 2.jpg
Settlements had expanded Template:Convert south to the lower Virgin River by 1858. That year, a Southern Paiute guide led young Mormon missionary and interpreter Nephi Johnson into the upper Virgin River area and Zion Canyon. Johnson wrote a favorable report about the agricultural potential of the upper Virgin River basin, and returned later that year to found the town of Virgin. In 1861 or 1862, Joseph Black made the arduous journey to Zion Canyon and was very impressed by its beauty.

The floor of Zion Canyon was settled in 1863 by Isaac Behunin, who farmed corn, tobacco, and fruit trees. The Behunin family lived in Zion Canyon near the site of today's Zion Lodge during the summer, and wintered in Springdale. Behunin is credited with naming Zion, a reference to the place of peace mentioned in the Bible. Two more families settled Zion Canyon in the next couple of years, bringing with them cattle and other domesticated animals. The canyon floor was farmed until Zion became a Monument in 1909.

The Powell Geographic Expedition of 1869 entered the area after their first trip through the Grand Canyon. John Wesley Powell visited Zion Canyon in 1872 and named it *Mukuntuweap*, under the impression that that was the Paiute name. Powell Survey photographers John K. Hillers and James Fennemore first visited the Zion Canyon and Kolob Plateau region in the spring of 1872. Hillers returned in April 1873 to add more photographs to the "Virgin River Series" of photographs and stereographs. Hillers described wading the canyon for four days and nearly freezing to death to take his photographs.

### Protection and tourism

 File:1903 painting of Zion Canyon by Dellenbaugh.jpg
Paintings of the canyon by Frederick S. Dellenbaugh were exhibited at the Saint Louis World's Fair in 1904, followed by a favorable article in *Scribner's Magazine* the next year. The article and paintings, along with previously created photographs, paintings, and reports, led to President William Howard Taft's proclamation on July 31, 1909 that created Mukuntuweap National Monument. In 1917, the acting director of the newly created National Park Service visited the canyon and proposed changing its name from the locally unpopular Mukuntuweap to Zion, a name used by the local Mormon community. The United States Congress added more land and established Zion National Park on November 19, 1919. A separate Zion National Monument, the Kolob Canyons area, was proclaimed on January 22, 1937, and was incorporated into the park on July 11, 1956.

Travel to the area before it was a national park was rare due to its remote location, lack of accommodations, and the absence of real roads in southern Utah. Old wagon roads were upgraded to the first automobile roads starting about 1910, and the road into Zion Canyon was built in 1917 leading to the Grotto, short of the present road that now ends at the Temple of Sinawava.

 File:Zion National Park poster 1938.jpg
Touring cars could reach Zion Canyon by the summer of 1917. The first visitor lodging in Zion Canyon, called Wylie Camp, was established that same year as a tent camp. The Utah Parks Company, a subsidiary of the Union Pacific Railroad, acquired Wylie Camp in 1923, and offered ten-day rail/bus tours to Zion, nearby Bryce Canyon, the Kaibab Plateau, and the North Rim of the Grand Canyon. The Zion Lodge complex was built in 1925 at the site of the Wylie tent camp. Architect Gilbert Stanley Underwood designed the Zion Lodge in a rustic architectural style, while the Utah Parks Company funded the construction.

### Infrastructure improvements

Main article: Historical buildings and structures of Zion National Park

Work on the Zion Mount Carmel Highway started in 1927 to enable reliable access between Springdale and the east side of the park. The road opened in 1930 and park visit and travel in the area greatly increased. The most famous feature of the Zion – Mount Carmel Highway is its Template:Convert tunnel, which has six large windows cut through the massive sandstone cliff.

In 1896, local rancher John Winder improved the Native American footpath up Echo Canyon, which later became the East Rim Trail. Entrepreneur David Flanigan used this trail in 1900 to build cableworks that lowered lumber into Zion Canyon from Cable Mountain. More than Template:Convert of lumber were lowered by 1906. The auto road was extended to the Temple of Sinawava, and a trail built from there Template:Convert to the start of the Narrows. Angel's Landing Trail was constructed in 1926 and two suspension bridges were built over the Virgin River. Other trails were constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps during the 1930s.

### More recent history

 File:Zion Canyon Temples and Towers.jpg
Zion National Park has been featured in numerous films, including *The Deadwood Coach* (1924), *Arizona Bound* (1927), *Nevada* (1927), *Ramrod* (1947) and *Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid* (1969).

Zion Canyon Scenic Drive provides access to Zion Canyon. Traffic congestion in the narrow canyon was recognized as a major problem in the 1990s and a public transportation system using propane-powered shuttle buses was instituted in the year 2000. As part of its shuttle fleet, Zion has two electric trams each holding up to 36 passengers. Usually from early April through late October, the scenic drive in Zion Canyon is closed to private vehicles and visitors ride the shuttle buses. The National Park Service has contracted the management of the shuttle bus system to transit operator RATP Dev.

 File:Shuttle bus stop at Zion Canyon National Park.jpg
On April 12, 1995, heavy rains triggered a landslide that blocked the Virgin River in Zion Canyon. Over a period of two hours, the river carved away part of the only exit road from the canyon, trapping 450 guests and employees at the Zion Lodge. A one-lane, temporary road was constructed within 24 hours to allow evacuation of the Lodge. A more stable — albeit temporary — road was completed on May 25, 1995 to allow summer visitors to access the canyon. This road was replaced with a permanent road during the first half of 1996.

The Zion–Mount Carmel Highway can be travelled year-round. Access for oversized vehicles requires a special permit, and is limited to daytime hours, as traffic through the tunnel must be one way to accommodate large vehicles. The Template:Convert-long Kolob Canyons Road was built to provide access to the Kolob Canyons section of the park. This road often closes in the winter.

In March 2009, President Barack Obama signed into law the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009, which designated and further protected Template:Convert of park land as the Zion Wilderness.

In September 2015, flooding trapped a party of seven in Keyhole Canyon, a slot canyon in the park. The flash flood killed all seven members of the group, whose remains were located after a search lasting several days.

On March 25, 2020, the park campgrounds were closed to help prevent the spread of COVID-19.

## Geology

Main article: Geology of the Zion and Kolob canyons area
 File:The Three Patriarchs in Zion Canyon.jpg
The nine known exposed geologic formations in Zion National Park are part of a super-sequence of rock units called the Grand Staircase. Together, these formations represent about 150 million years of mostly Mesozoic-aged sedimentation in that part of North America. The formations exposed in the Zion area were deposited as sediment in very different environments:

* The warm, shallow (sometimes advancing or retreating) sea of the Kaibab and Moenkopi formations;
* Streams, ponds, and lakes of the Chinle, Moenave, and Kayenta formations;
* The vast desert of the Navajo and Temple Cap formations; and
* The dry near-shore environment of the Carmel Formation.

 File:Kolob Canyons midway through Kolob Canyons Road.jpg
Uplift affected the entire region, known as the Colorado Plateaus, by slowly raising these formations more than Template:Convert higher than where they were deposited. This steepened the stream gradient of the ancestral Virgin and other rivers on the plateau.

The faster-moving streams took advantage of uplift-created joints in the rocks. Eventually, all Cenozoic-aged formations were removed and gorges were cut into the plateaus. Zion Canyon was cut by the North Fork of the Virgin River in this way. During the later part of this process, lava flows and cinder cones covered parts of the area.

## Biology

 File:Taylor Creek with Horse Ranch Mountain in background.jpeg
The Great Basin, Mojave Desert, and Colorado Plateau converge at Zion and the Kolob canyons. This, along with the varied topography of canyon–mesa country, differing soil types, and uneven water availability, provides diverse habitat for the equally diverse mix of plants and animals that live in the area. The park is home to 289 bird, 79 mammals, 28 reptiles, 7 fish, and 6 amphibian species. These organisms make their homes in one or more of four life zones found in the Park: desert, riparian, woodland, and coniferous forest.

Desert conditions persist on canyon bottoms and rocky ledges away from perennial streams. Sagebrush, prickly pear cactus, and rabbitbrush, along with sacred datura and Indian paintbrush, are common. Utah penstemon and golden aster can also be found. Milkvetch and prince's plume are found in pockets of selenium-rich soils.

Common daytime animals include mule deer, rock squirrels, pinyon jays, and whiptail and collared lizards. Desert cottontails, jackrabbits, and Merriam's kangaroo rats come out at night. Cougars, bobcats, coyotes, badgers, gray foxes, and ring-tail cats are the top predators.

Cooler conditions persist at mid-elevation slopes, from Template:Convert. Stunted forests of pinyon pine and juniper coexist here with manzanita shrubs, cliffrose, serviceberry, scrub oak, and yucca. Stands of ponderosa pine, Gambel oak, manzanita and aspen populate the mesas and cliffs above Template:Convert.

 File:Bighorn Sheep at Zion National Park.jpg
Golden eagles, red-tailed hawks, peregrine falcons, and white-throated swifts can be seen in the area.Desert bighorn sheep were reintroduced in the park in 1973. California condors were reintroduced in the Arizona Strip and in 2014 the first successful breeding of condors in the park was confirmed. Nineteen species of bat also live in the area.

Boxelder, Fremont cottonwood, maple, and willow dominate riparian plant communities. Animals such as bank beavers, flannel-mouth suckers, gnatcatchers, dippers, canyon wrens, the virgin spinedace, and water striders all make their homes in the riparian zones.

## Activities

Guided horseback riding trips, nature walks, and evening programs are available from late March to early November. The Junior Ranger Program for ages 6–12 is active from Memorial Day to Labor Day at the Zion Nature Center. Rangers at the visitor centers in Zion Canyon and Kolob Canyons can help visitors plan their stay. A bookstore attached to the Zion Canyon visitor center offers books, maps, and souvenirs. The Grotto in Zion Canyon, the visitor center, and the viewpoint at the end of Kolob Canyons Road have the only designated picnic sites.

 File:Subway Zion1.JPG
Trails
Seven trails with round-trip times of half an hour (Weeping Rock) to 4 hours (Angels Landing) are found in Zion Canyon. Two popular trails, Taylor Creek (4 hours round trip) and Kolob Arch (8 hours round trip), are in the Kolob Canyons section of the park, near Cedar City. Hiking up into The Narrows from the Temple of Sinawava is popular in summer; however, hiking beyond Big Springs requires a permit. The entire Narrows from Chamberlain's Ranch is a 16-mile one way trip that typically takes 12 hours of strenuous hiking. A shorter alternative is to enter the Narrows via Orderville Canyon. Both Orderville and the full Narrows require a back country permit. Entrance to the Parunuweap Canyon section of the park downstream of Labyrinth Falls is prohibited. Other often-used backcountry trails include the West Rim and LaVerkin Creek. The more primitive sections of Zion include the Kolob Terrace and the Kolob Canyons. A network of trails totaling 50 miles in distance connect Zion's northwest corner of the park (Lee Pass Trailhead) to its southeast section (East Rim Trailhead). Popularly known as the Zion Traverse, the route offers backpackers a diverse experience of the park.

Zion is a center for rock climbing, with short walls like Spaceshot, Moonlight Buttress, Prodigal Son, Ashtar Command, and Touchstone being the most popular, highly rated routes.

Camping and lodging
 File:Zion Lodge, Building B.JPG
Lodging in the park is available at Zion Lodge, located halfway through Zion Canyon. Three campgrounds are available: South and Watchman at the far southern side of the park, and a primitive site at Lava Point in the middle of the park off Kolob Terrace Road. Overnight camping in the backcountry requires permits.

## See also

* St. George, Utah Youth Clubs - Outdoor Adventure clubs
* List of U.S. National Parks
* National Register of Historic Places listings in Zion National Park
* National Register of Historic Places listings in Iron County, Kane County and Washington County, Utah

.

## References

1. ↑ Template:Harvnb
2. ↑ NPS website, How to get here
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 NPS website, Accessibility
4. ↑ Template:Harvnb
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 Template:Harvnb
6. ↑ Template:Cite journal
7. ↑ NPS website, Zion Narrows (archive Template:Webarchive)
8. ↑ NPS website, Freestanding Arches
9. ↑ "Zion National Park - Maps, brochure map" Template:Webarchive. *nps.gov*. National Park Service. Retrieved January 31, 2020.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 NPS website, Weather and Climate
11. ↑ Zion National Park, Utah, USA - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data. Weather Atlas.
12. ↑ 11 Top Stargazing Sites in Southern Utah - SUU.EDU
13. ↑ NPS website, History and Culture
14. ↑ NPS website, Archeology (archive Template:Webarchive)
15. ↑ 15.00 15.01 15.02 15.03 15.04 15.05 15.06 15.07 15.08 15.09 15.10 15.11 15.12 NPS website, People
16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 NPS website, Human History (archive Template:Webarchive)
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 Template:Harvnb
18. ↑ Template:Citation
19. ↑ Template:Citation
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Tufts1998p45`
21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Template:Citation Retrieved on January 1, 2009.
22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Template:Cite book (public domain text)
23. ↑ Template:Cite book
24. ↑ Template:Cite book
25. ↑ Template:Cite book
26. ↑ NPS website • The Zion–Mount Carmel Tunnel
27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Template:Cite book
28. ↑ Template:Harvnb
29. ↑ Maddrey, Joseph (2016). *The Quick, the Dead and the Revived: The Many Lives of the Western Film*. McFarland. Page 178. Template:ISBN.
30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 NPS website, Green Transit - The Zion Shuttle
31. ↑ Zion Traffic Mitigation Report, Department of Transportation. United States Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. Archived from the original on January 5, 2010. Retrieved on December 19, 2009.
32. ↑ RATP Dev USA Renews Contract with Zion National Park Transit Service (March 12, 2020). Retrieved on March 16, 2020.
33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 Template:Cite journal
34. ↑ Kona, Srividya. Zion National Park, Utah. *Travel*. Texas Tech University. Archived from the original on June 29, 2009. Retrieved on January 1, 2009.
35. ↑ Template:Cite news
36. ↑ Springdale, Mailing Address: Zion National Park 1 Zion Park Blvd State Route 9. Zion National Park Updated Response to COVID-19 - Zion National Park (U.S. National Park Service) (en).
37. ↑ Template:Harvnb
38. ↑ Template:Harvnb
39. ↑ NPS website, Home page
40. ↑ NPS contributors. Wilderness Stewardship Plan Handbook (doc). Retrieved on December 20, 2008.
41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 41.4 41.5 Template:Harvnb
42. ↑ NPS website, Plants (subpages)
43. ↑ NPS website, Wildflowers
44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 NPS website, Animals (subpages)
45. ↑ NPS website, Bird list
46. ↑ Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Department of Natural Resource: - Utah Bighorn Sheep Statewide Management Plan Template:Webarchive,
47. ↑ National Park Service: Zion National Park – Biologists Catch First Glimpse of Condor Chick in Utah Template:Webarchive, July 15, 2014
48. ↑ NPS website, Mammal list
49. ↑ Template:Harvnb
50. ↑ NPS website, Outdoor Activities
51. ↑ NPS website, For Kids
52. ↑ NPS website, Commercial Tours
53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 NPS website, Day Hiking (archive Template:Webarchive)
54. ↑ NPS website, Zion Narrows
55. ↑ Template:Cite book
56. ↑ Zion National Park Climbing. Adventure Projects, Inc.. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019.
57. ↑ Wilderness Climbing Permits. National Park Service (June 21, 2018). Archived from the original on November 11, 2019.
58. ↑ NPS website, Campgrounds
59. ↑ NPS website, Backpacking

.

## Bibliography

* Template:Cite book
* Template:Cite book
* Template:Cite book
* NPS contributors. Zion National Park, official website. National Park Service. (public domain text)
* Template:Cite book
* Template:Cite book
* Template:Cite book

## Further reading

Template:Refbegin

* Waite, Nathan N. and Reid L. Neilson, editors. *A Zion Canyon Reader*. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2014. Template:ISBN

Template:Refend

## External links

* National Park Service
* Zion National Park legislation from the Library of Congress
* Photographic library of the U.S. Geological Survey