2337 BC

Map 10 - 2337 BC. Previous map: **2352 BC**. Next map: **2305 BC** (*Maps Index*)

*Tina*
*Ma'ot*
*Gedir*
***GALLIA
TERR.***
**KHAMAZI**
**Panthos**
***Pelasgi***
***WESTERN ISLES
TERR.***
**KENE'AN**
**KHETI**
**Martu**
**Khefturi**
***W. Pel.***
**`ARATTA SAGA**
**Caspian Saga**
***Alani***
**Tegarama**
**`Ariana**
***Massagetae***
**`Abowa**
**MAGOGIA**
**Fenninga**
**`Aistia**
**Gethica**
**Sweona**
**Rhodis**
**Ters.**
**TOBELIA**
**RITHIN**
***`ALBIONA
TERR.***
**Solima**
**`Araba**
**SHUS.**
**SUBUR**
**`OTS**
**`Scythia**
**LUL.**
***Galli***
**RASENNA**
**SAMOTHEA**
**YAWANA**
**TAWY**
**AFRICA**
**GETULIA**
**Danica**
**Albia**
**TUYSCONIA**
**Adula**
**Istria**
**Jadera**
**Sala**
**Saba**
**Dalm.**
**Moesia**
**Epirus**
**Tsarmautia**
**MAEONIA**
**RIPHATHI**
**HYR**
**Theissa**
**Tiras**
**EMA.**
**ARC.**
**CIM.**
**Withelsleth**
**Alashia**
**Hedua**
**HARAN**
**KIENGIR**
**Kiu.**
**Ad.**
**L.**
**U.**
**ELA.**
2337 BC - PRIMACY OF UR

## MAIN EVENTS

### 2346 BC - Chem descends to Egypt

In 2346 BC, Kam left the throne of Kush in the hands of his son Kush, and went down into Egypt where he encouraged licentiousness and arts as he had witnessed before the deluge. In 2341 BC, he took over as Pharaoh of Egypt from his son Misraim, taking the throne name Neferkare Kheti I (Eupiphanios), began constructing a navy, and formed an alliance with Belshameen of Senar, who then died the same year campaigning against Aratta and was succeeded by his son Ur-Nungal. (*Eth. Kinglist; Tur. Canon; Bar Hebr.; Mich. Syr.; Deflor.; Sumerian kinglist*)

Ur-nungal of Uruk's contemporary in Ur was king Meskalamdug, successor of Ur-Pabilsag. Ur-nungal's grip on Senar may have slipped during his reign, as this Meskalamdug is also attested as "king of Kish", not far from Senar's "holy" capital, Nippur. Meskalamdug was followed briefly by the ephemeral king Akalamdug, likely his elder son, known from his tomb in Ur.

### 2342 BC - Barwain returns from the Orient

In 2342 BC, Hwangdi annexed Shennong and founded the Huaxia nation, defeating Barwain. Barwain left his grandson Loc Duc to found the state of Xich Quy in N. Vietnam, and returned to Awan. The Scythian peoples in the north under Scythus, and the Elamite peoples to the south under Barwain, also began a multi-ethnic alliance or federation of sorts, with Sebtah the Kushite agreed on as heir to both realms. Barwain seems, by 2323 BC, to have mediated the dispute of the armed Joktanite forces of Saba and Ophir who wished to resettle in Asia and quit Europe, buying them off by allowing Ophir to settle in Elam's inheritance, on the Indus, and by leading Saba's people himself to colonize Yemen.

### 2339 BC - Ur defeats Uruk for primacy of Senar

In 2339 BC, Mesannepada (also known as Mesilim and Samiros) of Ur and Kish, son of Meskalamdug, overthrew Ur-Nungal of Uruk as ruler of Nippur. This ended the allegiance of Haran and Hamazi to Uruk. Bar Hebraeus and Michael the Syrian say Samiros expelled the Nimrodians (Uruk), taxed the Canaanites, introduced weights and measures, and that silks and dyed fabric appeared in his day. This seems corroborated by Chinese records saying silk production was begun by Leizu, queen of the first Emperor Hwangdi, whose 99 year reign (ca. 2381-2282 BC) was still ongoing.

Mesilim is known for having mediated a border dispute between his vassal (*ensi*) Lugalshaengur in Lagash, and the semi-independent city of Umma. Other vassals of Mesilim included Nin-kisalsi, *ensi* of Adab, and Ur-nungal's son Udul-kalama was allowed to continue his dynasty in Uruk. The Amorite city of Mari, Syria was also founded on the Euphrates under Ansud around this time.