recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
National Assembly (France)

The **National Assembly** (French: *Assemblée nationale*) is the highest institution of state power in the French Socialist Republic (FSR) according to its constitution, and the main legislative branch of government. It consists of two equal chambers, which are jointly responsible for electing the Presidium of the National Assembly, the collective head of state of the FSR, as well as the French Council of Ministers, the top executive government in the republic. The French People's Congress sends four delegates from the Congress of Deputies to the annual All-Union Congress of Republics in Moscow, RSFR.

The French People's Congress consists of two equal chambers, each directly elected by their constituents: the **Assembly of Deputies** consists of 577 seats, each representing roughly the same amount of voters, while the 348 seats of the **Assembly of the Republic** each represent a single of the FSR's 348 municipalities.
Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic

The **Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic**, informally known as **Lithuania** (Lithuanian: *Lietuva*; IPA: [lʲɪɛtʊˈvɐ]), is a country in the Baltic region of Eastern Europe, and one of 21 national republics of the Soviet Union. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, to the east of the Swedish Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR) and Danish SSR. It is bordered by the Latvian SSR to the north, the Belarusian SSR to the east and south, the Polish SSR to the south, and Kaliningrad Oblast (an exclave of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) to the southwest.

The Lithuanian SSR has an estimated population of 2.8 million people as of 2018, and its capital and largest city is Vilnius. Other major cities are Kaunas and Klaipėda. Lithuanians are a Baltic people. The official language, Lithuanian, along with Latvian, is one of only two living languages in the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family.

For centuries, the southeastern shores of the Baltic Sea were inhabited by various Baltic tribes. In the 1230s, the Lithuanian lands were united by Mindaugas, the King of Lithuania, and the first unified Lithuanian state, the Kingdom of Lithuania, was created on 6 July 1253. During the 14th century, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was the largest country in Europe; present-day Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, and parts of Poland and Russia were the territories of the Grand Duchy. With the Lublin Union of 1569, Lithuania and Poland formed a voluntary two-state personal union, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Commonwealth lasted more than two centuries, until neighbouring countries systematically dismantled it from 1772 to 1795, with the Russian Empire annexing most of Lithuania's territory.

As World War I neared its end, Lithuania's Act of Independence was signed on 16 February 1918, declaring the founding of the modern Republic of Lithuania. In the midst of the Second World War, Lithuania was first occupied by the Soviet Union and then by Nazi Germany. As World War II neared its end and the Germans retreated, the Soviet Union reoccupied Lithuania and reestablished the Lithuanian SSR. Today, the Lithuanian SSR has one of the highest standards of living in the Soviet Union. The United Nations Human Development Index lists Lithuania as a country of "very high human development".
National Assembly (Rangya)

The **National Assembly** (Rangyayo: 国民議会 *kokmin īhwai*) is the unicameral national legislature of the Republic of Rangya, the highest body of the legislative branch of government. It consists of 115 seats, each representing an electoral district of more or less the same population, filled by a deputy elected by the electorate of their respective district. It is the primary institution responsible for passing legislation.

The National Assembly sits on average once every two weeks. As it is unicameral, there are no joint sittings as is the tradition with bicameral legislatures; however, there is a tradition of a joint session of the National Assembly and the Constitutional Council (part of the judicial branch) during the drafting and passing of constitutional amendments. During regular and joint sessions, the Deputy Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Rangya serves *ex officio* as Speaker of the National Assembly.

Legislative elections are held every four years; because the Republic of Rangya is a parliamentary republic, elected deputies of the party holding a majority of seats go on to form the executive government, with party leader normally appointed Prime Minister of Rangya, the executive head of government. For example, Prime Minister Tsimuk Munzeng is one of the 84 deputies of the ruling Progressive Democratic Party, representing the electoral district of Thaihwa–Thaithei North, and leads the Cabinet of Rangya which consists of 15 other deputies serving as ministers in the executive branch. The Cabinet remains accountable to the National Assembly, which can dissolve it and remove the Prime Minister via a majority no-confidence vote.
Mount Sinai

**Mount Sinai** (Arabic: جبل سينين *jabal sīnīn*) is a mountain in the Sinai Peninsula region of Palestine. It is a popular site of pilgrimage due to its likely candidacy as the location of the biblical Mount Sinai, from which Moses received the Ten Commandments from God according to Abrahamic (Jewish, Christian, Islamic) tradition. The valley below hosts St. Catherine's Monastery, considered a UNESCO "World Heritage Site"; it is the oldest continuously-operating Christian monastery in the world.
Motefajrat el-Horriyeh T-1

The **Motefajrat el-Horriyeh T-1** is a family of main battle tanks, a domestically produced licenced variant of the Russian T-72 tank family. It is manufactured by the publicly traded defence contractor Motefajrat el-Horriyeh at its plant in Port Fuad. It entered production in 1988, and the first variant delivered to the Palestinian Army the following year. The most common variants used by the Army are the T-1A and T-1B, both of which are also exported to the armed forces of Syria, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, Oman, Cuba and Venezuela.
Ministry of Infrastructure (Sinine)

The **Ministry of Infrastructure** is the government ministry of the Republic of Sinine responsible for building and maintaining the country's roads, railroads, power grid, ports, airports, water, drainage and sewer systems, and most related pertinent infrastructure. It is headed by Muhaned Shalash.
Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic

The **Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic**, informally known as **Moldavia** or **Moldova**, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, and one of 21 national republics of the Soviet Union. It is bordered by Romania to the west and the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic to the north, east, and south. The capital city is Kishinev, the country's cultural and commercial centre and largest urban area, and the official language is Moldovan.

Most of the Moldovan territory was a part of the Principality of Moldavia from the 14th century until 1812, when it was ceded to the Russian Empire by the Ottoman Empire (to which Moldavia was a vassal state) and became known as Bessarabia. In 1856, southern Bessarabia was returned to Moldavia, which three years later united with Wallachia to form Romania, but Russian rule was restored over the whole of the region in 1878. During the 1917 Russian Revolution, Bessarabia briefly became autonomous and then the independent Moldavian Democratic Republic until it was integrated into Romania in 1918 following a vote of its assembly. The decision was disputed by Soviet Russia, which in 1924 allowed the establishment, within the Ukrainian SSR, of a Moldavian autonomous republic (MASSR) on partial Moldovan-inhabited territories to the east of the Dniester. In 1940, as a consequence of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia to the Soviet Union, leading to the creation of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (Moldavian SSR), which included the greater part of Bessarabia and the westernmost strip of the former Moldavian ASSR.
Mosa el-Sarraj

**Dr. Mosa Eyad el-Sarraj** (Arabic: موسى إياد السراج; b. 20 September 1964 in Bir Zeit) is a Palestinian psychiatrist and politician, who has served since 2010 as Minister of Health in the Council of Ministers of Palestine. He is a son of late Palestinian psychiatrist Eyad el-Sarraj, a pioneering figure in 20th-century Palestinian psychiatry and psychotherapy.
Jordan

The **Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan** (Arabic: المملكة الاْردنية الهاشمية *al-mamlakah al-urdunnīyah al-hāshimīyah*), colloquially known as **Jordan** (الاْردن *al-urdunn*), is an Arab kingdom in the Middle East. It borders Syria to the north, Iraq to the east, Saudi Arabia to the south, and Israel and Palestine to the west across the Jordan River and Dead Sea. It is almost entirely landlocked, save for a tiny length of coastline at the Gulf of Aqaba, where the Jordan River empties into the Red Sea. It's capital and largest city is Amman.
Mahmoud Shurrab

**Hashem Mahmoud Shurrab** (Arabic: هاشم محمود شراب; b. 5 January 1961 in El-Tor, Jerusalem) is a Palestinian politician and accountant, who has served since 2010 as Minister of Finance in the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Palestine. Before entering politics, Shurrab served from 1995 to 2007 as chief financial officer (CFO) of All-Arabian Holding Group.
Montenegrin People's Socialist Republic

The **Montenegrin People's Socialist Republic** (**MNPSR**; Montenegrin: Црногорска Народна Социјалистичка Република, ЦГНСР *Tsrnogorska Narodna Sotsijalistička Republika*, *TsNSR*), informally known as **Montenegro** (Црна Гора *Tsrna Gora*; lit. "Black Mountain"), is a socialist republic located in the Balkans region of Southern Europe on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It is one of seven constituent republics of Yugoslavia, and borders the Bosnian-Herzegovinian People's Socialist Republic to the northwest, the Serbian People's Socialist Republic to the northeast, the Kosovar People's Autonomous Socialist Republic to the east, all of which are fellow republics of Yugoslavia, and the sovereign state of Albania to the south.

Montenegro is officially a unitary, secular, socialist republic; it is governed by the Communist Party of Montenegro, with its capital in Podgorica, Montenegro's largest city, which is one of the republic's 23 municipalities. Its official language is Montenegrin, a standardised register of the wider Serbo-Croatian language.

During the Medieval period, three principalities were located on the territory of modern-day Montenegro: Duklja, roughly corresponding to the southern half; Travunia, the west; and Rascia, the north. In 1042, archon Stefan Vojislav led a revolt that resulted in the independence of Duklja from the Byzantine Empire and the establishment of the Vojislavljević dynasty. The independent Principality of Zeta emerged in the 14th and 15th centuries, ruled by the House of Balšić between 1356 and 1421, and by the House of Crnojević between 1431 and 1498, when the name Montenegro started being used for the country. After falling under Ottoman rule, Montenegro regained de facto independence in 1697 under the rule of the House of Petrović-Njegoš, first under the theocratic rule of prince-bishops, before being transformed into a secular principality in 1852. Montenegro's de jure independence was recognised by the Great Powers at the Congress of Berlin in 1878, following the Montenegrin–Ottoman War. In 1905, the country became a kingdom. After World War I, it became part of Yugoslavia.

Today, the Montenegrin Socialist Republic is a highly developed nation, with a robust economy primarily based around tourism and the service industry. With a population of just over 600,000 people, Montenegro is the least populous of the federated entities of Yugoslavia.
Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy

The **State Agricultural Academy** (Russian: Государственная сельскохозяйственная академия *Gosudarstvennaya sel’skokhozyaystvennaya akademiya*), until 1999 officially known as **Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy** (Московская сельскохозяйственная академия имени К.А. Тимирязева *Moskovskaya sel’skokhozyaystvennaya akademiya imeni K.A. Timiryazeva*), is the largest institution of agricultural sciences and related applications in the Soviet Union. It is owned and operated by the Ministry of Education.
Ministry of Telecommunication (Palestine)

The **Ministry of Telecommunication** (Arabic: وزارة الاتصال البعادي *wuzārat al-ittiṣāl al-ba‘ādī*) is a ministry of the Palestinian government responsible for radio, television, telephone and internet infrastructure, as well as state broadcasting and related information services in the Republic of Palestine. The ministry subsidises several public television and radio stations, and also runs a fund for independent and startup journalism endeavours in the country. For example, all native journalism and journalistic coverage is subsidised financially by the government. In this way, the distinction between independent and state-owned media becomes less tangible.
Lebanese Regional Branch (Ba'ath Party)

The **Lebanese Regional Branch** of the **Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party** (Arabic: الفرع القطري اللبناني *al-fara‘ al-quṭrī al-lubnānī*) is a political party in Lebanon. It is the regional branch of the Damascus-based Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. Fayez Shukr has been party leader since 2005 when he succeeded Sayf al-Din Ghazi who in turn succeeded Assem Qanso.

The Lebanese branch of the undivided Ba'ath Party had been formed in 1949–1950.Qanso is the longest-serving secretary (leader) of the Lebanese Ba'ath Party; first from 1971 to 1989 and again from 2000 to 2005. During the Lebanese Civil War, the party had an armed militia, the Assad Battalion. The party joined forces with Kamal Jumblatt's Progressive Socialist Party in organizing the Lebanese National Movement, seeking to abolish the confessional state. The Lebanese National Movement was later superseded by the Lebanese National Resistance Front, in which the party's armed wing participated as one of the leading militias. The party organized resistance against Israeli forces in Lebanon. In July 1987 it took part in forming yet another front, the Unification and Liberation Front.

In the 2009 parliamentary election, the party won two seats as part of the March 8 Alliance. The parliamentarians of the party are Assem Qanso and Qassem Hashem.

The Lebanese Ba'ath Party is also militarily involved in the Syrian Civil War, and has sent militias under its control to aid Bashar al-Assad's government against the Syrian opposition. One of the party's militia commanders, Hussein Ali Rabiha from Nabatieh, was killed during the Daraa offensive of June 2017.
Kibbutz

A ***kibbutz*** (Hebrew: קיבוץ; lit. "gathering, clustering"; pl. קיבוצים *kibbutzim*‬; Arabic: كيبوتس *kībbūts*; pl. كيبوتسون *kībbūtsūn*) is a collective community in Israel or Palestine that was traditionally based on agriculture. The first kibbutzim were established by the Yishuv, the Jewish community in Palestine prior to the founding of the State of Israel, shortly before and during the period of the British mandate. Today, farming has been partly supplanted by other economic branches, including industrial plants and high-tech enterprises. Kibbutzim began as utopian communities, a combination of socialism and Zionism. In recent decades, some kibbutzim have been privatized and changes have been made in the communal lifestyle. A member of a kibbutz is called a kibbutznik (קיבוצניק‬).

In 2010, there were 270 kibbutzim in Israel. Their factories and farms account for 9% of Israel's industrial output, worth US$8 billion, and 40% of its agricultural output, worth over $1.7 billion. Some kibbutzim had also developed substantial high-tech and military industries. For example, in 2010, Kibbutz Sasa, containing some 200 members, generated $850 million in annual revenue from its military-plastics industry.

Currently the kibbutzim are organised in the secular Kibbutz Movement with some 230 kibbutzim, the Religious Kibbutz Movement with 16 kibbutzim and the much smaller religious Poalei Agudat Yisrael with two kibbutzim, all part of the wider communal settlement movement.

There are also around 60 kibbutzim located in the territory controlled by the Republic of Palestine, mostly in the West Bank. These were mostly established before or during the 1967–1979 Israeli occupation of Palestine, after which most were incorporated as municipalities, much like the larger former Israeli settlements which became Jewish-majority new towns after the occupation.
List of Palestinian municipalities by population

The Republic of Palestine consists of **330 municipalities** (Arabic: بلديات *baladiyāt*, singular: بلدية *baladiyah*) divided between 44 individual counties, as well as two special administrative municipalities (East Jerusalem and Port Said) which fall outside of any county's jurisdiction. Each municipality has its own local municipal government, which is funded by local taxes and supervised by the General Administration Directorate of the national government's State Secretariat of Internal Affairs. The highest office in municipal government is that of the mayor, who is traditionally elected in a local election every three years.

Municipalities can be either cities, towns or townships, depending on their population density. For example, while a city or large town would be a single municipality, several small towns or villages surrounded by farms or undeveloped land in a given area would be incorporated into a single municipality, called a township. There is also the new town/new city category, which refers to any municipality incorporated after 1979, usually towns and small cities, many former Israeli settlements but including many other types of planned communities as well.

Municipalities are responsible for collecting property taxes, providing local services like trash pickup and street cleaning, and maintaining local infrastructure such as roads and sewers, and may form a local police department; in practice, however, since 1989 all municipalities including Port Said and East Jerusalem have contracted law enforcement services from the Gendarmerie, the national public law enforcement agency.

## List

This is a comprehensive list of all municipalities (cities, towns, townships, new cities and special administrative municipalities) in Palestine, ordered by population. The figures provided are a combination of individual censuses and estimates. Some are more accurate than others. The figures are from the December 2016 census conducted by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. The census counted working males, working and homemaking females, their children, parents, grandparents, as well as bachelors and migrant workers. Undocumented immigrants were not counted.
Korkein Eduskunta

***Korkein Eduskunta*** (lit. "Supreme Soviet") is the Finnish-language name for the bicameral legislative assembly and highest institution of state power of the Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic, a national republic of the Soviet Union. It is the republican-level equivalent of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, and elects the Council of Ministers, the executive government of the Finnish SSR.

The *Korkein Eduskunta* consists of two directly elected, equal chambers:

* *Tasavallan Eduskunta* (Soviet of the Republic) consists of 205 seats: 10 for each of the 18 regions of the Finnish SSR, and 25 for the Lapland-Sapmi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
* *Eduskunta Edustaja* (Soviet of Deputies) consists of 324 seats, each representing a single electoral district of roughly equal population.

The *Korkein Eduskunta* also elects the *Kansanpuhemiehistö* (Presidium of the Supreme Soviet), a council of eleven members which collectively serves as the head of state of the Finnish SSR.
Ministry of Economic Development (USSR)

The **Ministry of Economic Development** is a ministry of union-republican jurisdiction subordinate to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union. It is responsible for implementing central economic planning according to policy developed by the State Economic Commission. While multiple all-union and union-republican are responsible for a certain aspect of economic management and development, the Ministry of Economic Development is the chief ministry of "union-republican" jurisdiction responsible for manifesting in whole the general character of the plans for the national economy, which are drafted by the State Economic Commission under the Council of Ministers.

The Ministry of Economic Development is also responsible for formulating and publishing policies regarding individual enterprises within the union, including non-state-owned enterprises which are known as employee cooperatives. The ministry sets policy standards for the establishment of enterprises, and was the primary agency responsible for the restructuring of the national economy from a centrally planned economy to a socialist market economy with regard to the general character of economic development outlined in state plans.

With a total of 1.6 million employees throughout the country, the Ministry of Economic Development is the third-largest ministry in the Soviet Union by number of personnel employed, after the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. It is headquartered in the
Military Bureau of the Regional Command of the Palestinian Regional Branch

The **Military Bureau** (Arabic: المكتب العسكري *al-maktab al-‘askarī*) is a bureau subordinate to the Secretariat of the Regional Command of the Palestinian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. It is in charge of all party chapters within the Palestinian Armed Forces (including the Gendarmerie, the national police) as well as the militias of the Palestinian National Guard. Its counterpart is the Political Bureau, which oversees all civilian party chapters.
Moscow

**Moscow** is the capital and largest city of the Eurasian Union, located in the Russian Socialist Federal Republic (RSFR), the largest and most populous union republic. With a population of 11.63 million in 2016 and a metropolitan area home to over 20 million people, it is also one of the largest cities in the world, considered a global city by most capitalist and Marxist economists.

It is a federal city under the direct jurisdiction of the All-Russian Central People's Government, and also serves as that government's capital city in addition to being the location of the Kremlin, the seat of the all-union government. With over 40% of its urban area covered in greenery, Moscow is considered one of the greenest cities in the world. It is a traditional Russian city, with notably different architecture than the German-influenced halls and alleys of Leningrad.
Jenin

**Jenin** (Arabic: جنين) is a mixed Sunni and Arab Christian city located in the northern West Bank in the Republic of Palestine. Home to about 138,000 people, it is home to the second-largest campus of al-Quds University, which is primarily located in East Jerusalem. It is also the administrative seat and largest city of Jenin County.
Land of Israel

The **Land of Israel** is a historical term used to refer to the approximate geographic region encompassing the contemporary State of Israel and Republic of Palestine, especially when referring to the period when the area was inhabited by the Twelve Tribes of Israel (the Israelites) under the polity of King David and his successors.
Marwan el-Sufi

**Marwan Khaled el-Sufi** (Arabic: مروان خالد الصوفي; b. 10 March 1950, d. 16 April 1990, aged 40) was a Palestinian civil engineer, who founded Khalidia Polytechnic University in 1985. Shortly before his death, his younger brother, Ridwan, took over as president of the institute, serving in that capacity until 2010 when he was appointed Secretary of Infrastructure by Prime Minister Yahya Abdalati.
Manshieh Square

**Manshieh Square** (Arabic: ميدان المنشية *mīdān al-manshiyah*) is a public square located in the borough of El-Manshieh in downtown Port Said, Palestine. It is one of the main central squares of the city, home to a Manshieh Station on Airport Line of the Port Said Metro which is also the location of the terminus of several city bus lines.
Kaibesia

**Kaibesia** (Kai: *Phri:thaet Kâi*), officially the **Democratic Republic of Kaibesia** (*Thrä:thaet Laothaet Kâi*) is a country in Southeast Asia. The country consists of two provinces: Mekong Province, in the north, is home to a large urban area on the delta of the Mekong River, and borders Vietnam to the northeast and Cambodia to the northwest. To the south is Samut Province, which counts for most of the country's land area, named after the mountainous Samut Peninsula, whose fishing village-dotted coastline extends south of the delta region into the sea to form a natural landmark between the Gulf of Thailand to the west and the South China Sea to the east. Kaibesia's capital and largest city is Khrung Thanbu, located in the centre of the Mekong Delta urban area. In the 2016 census, the country counted a total of 4,334,216 people.

Kaibesia was established as a Dutch trading colony in the late 1590s. After the Second World War, the Dutch government decided to grant the colony the right to self-determination; Kaibesia soon became a constitutional monarchy, retaining the Dutch crown as head of state alongside representative government. In the elections of 1959, the Communist Party of Kaibesia took control of parliament, and the newly formed executive leadership then set about restructuring the state and government along Marxist-Leninist lines. However, development put the country at odds with the US-led cold warriors, and the country quickly fell to South Vietnamese and American forces, with the communist administration going into exile in Hanoi. After the reunification of Vietnam, the Vietnamese government granted Kaibesia independence, and the exiled government returned to Khrung Thanbu.

Today the living standard has reached levels like in Turkey and the incomes are higher than in countries like Vietnam or Thailand. Experts say Kaibesia has got the 3rd highest life standard in Asia after Japan and Singapore. Although some people are still living in slums, they are content. There is a free education system, the taxes for universities are very cheap. Most buildings have connection to fresh water, electricity and about 80% have air condition.
Korean People's Public Security

The **Korean People's Public Security** (**KPPS**) is the primary civilian law enforcement agency in Korea. It is subordinate to the Ministry of Public Security and operates under the umbrella of the State Affairs Commission. In addition to public security and law enforcement, the agency also operates the prison and correctional system and emergency dispatch call centre, as well as the neighbourhood watch, confidential informant and witness relocation programs. The agencies under the Ministry of People's Security responsible for provost (military police) duties and customs/border security are separate from the KPPS.
Komi-Permyak Autonomous Region

The **Komi-Permyak Autonomous Region** is an autonomous region of the Permsky Krai, Russian Socialist Federal Republic (RSFR), Eurasian Union. Its administrative centre and largest settlement is Kudymkar. It is a designated autonomous region for the Komi ethnic group, who form the titular ethnic group of the Komi Autonomous Socialist Republic of the RSFR 200 km to the northwest.
Ministry of the Exterior (Palestine)

The **Ministry of the Exterior** (Arabic: وزارة الخارج *wuzārat al-khārij*) was the foreign ministry of the First Palestinian Republic. It was founded in 1950 under first President of Palestine Ragheb al-Nashashibi, and quickly grew to preside over a relatively large network of foreign missions in countries which had recognised the republic after the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. During that time, the foreign intelligence services (*Mukhabarat*) were also under the control of the Ministry of the Exterior. The ministry ceased to exist following the Palestinian defeat in the 1967 Six-Day War and subsequent occupation by Israel. The ministry's modern successor is the State Secretariat of Foreign Affairs.
Luhansk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

The **Luhansk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic** is one of two autonomous republics of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, a national republic of the Soviet Union; the other is the Donetsk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Along with the Donetsk ASSR, the Luhansk ASSR was formed in April 2014 shortly after the beginning of the Ukrainian Civil War, in response to demand for greater autonomy from the population of eastern Ukraine from the government of the Ukrainian SSR in Kiev; similarly, around this time the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was transferred from Ukrainian jurisdiction to that of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

The capital and largest city of the Luhansk ASSR is Luhansk, and its official languages are Russian and Ukrainian.
Lutfi Jibrail

**Dr. Lutfi Jibrail Mansoury** (Arabic: الدكتور لطفي جبرائيل منصوري; b. 1968 in El-Rawdah) is a Palestinian librarian, politician and former major in the Palestinian Army, who has been President of the Palestinian National Archive since 2015. He previously served as Secretary of the Nablus Chapter of the Palestinian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, simultaneously serving as elected deputy for Nablus-Rafidia Electoral District in the Council of Deputies (lower house) of the Palestine Arab Congress. Before his political career and military service, he was the head librarian of the Nablus Public Library.

Jibrail's father Jibrail Mansoury was the founder of the Palestinian National Cadets League, a civilian organisation which to this day supports the three national youth programs sponsored by the Palestinian Armed Forces.
Khaled el-Sufi

**Ridwan Khaled el-Sufi** (Arabic: رضوان خالد الصوفي; b. 14 Sept. 1959 in Jericho) is a Palestinian civil engineer, who has served since 2010 as Minister of Infrastructure in the Council of Ministers of Palestine. He previously served as president of Khalidia Polytechnic University from 1989 to 2009, which was founded in 1985 by his late brother Marwan.

El-Sufi is a practicing Ismaili Shia Muslim. He has been married to Maryam Saïd since 1997, with whom he has twin sons Marwan and Ridwan (b. 2004).
National Diet

The **National Diet** (Arabic: مجلس الوطن *majlis al-watan*) is the bicameral legislature of the Republic of Palestine. It was established in 1980 after the Sinai War by the Revolutionary Command Council, and played a major role in shaping the new postwar government. Its upper house is the **Senate** (مجلس الشيوخ *majlis ash-shuyūkh*), and is composed of one senator from each of the republic's 55 counties, appointed by the Revolutionary Command Council; the lower house is the **Council of Representatives** (مجلس النواب *majlis an-niwāb*), which is made up of elected representatives of the 133 chapters (ridings) of the nation.

New legislation is first proposed and debated in the Council of Representatives and then voted on; bills which pass then go to the Senate, and if passed go to the prime minister who delivers new legislation to the president to ultimately decide on implementation or veto. Currently the only political parties to hold any seats in the Diet are the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party (the ruling party) and the Communist Party.
Kosovar language

The **Kosovar language** (*Moda kosovã*) is the language spoken by the Kosovars, an ethnic group inhabiting the Balkans region of Southern Europe. Kosovar one of two official languages of the Kosovar Autonomous Socialist Republic (KASR), the other being Albanian. It is also one of four official languages of the Yugoslav Socialist Federal Republic (YSFR), of which the KASR is an autonomous member republic. It is the most widely spoken of the Balkan-Kosovan languages, with an estimated 788,000 native speakers in 2018.
Liwa al-Quds

**Liwa al-Quds** (Arabic: لواء القدس *liwā al-quds*; lit. "Jerusalem Front") is an elite paramilitary group of approximately 4,000 fighters, formed in Syria in 1970 and loyal to the Palestinian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. It was one of the factions of the Palestinian National Salvation Front, a unified partisan front which fought against the Israeli occupation of Palestine during the 1976–1979 Sinai War. After the war, it was integrated into the newly ruling Palestinian Regional Branch's armed wing, the Palestinian National Guard.

Liwa al-Quds has served as the *de facto* special forces of the National Guard. It is the only National Guard militia to serve in the Syrian Civil War, where it has fought alongside government and pro-government forces since 2013, raising many fighters from the local Palestinian community in Syria.
Jamaat Buhar

**Jamaat Buhar** (Arabic: جماعة بحار *jamā‘at buḥār*; lit. "Maritime Group") is a subsidiary of Jaffa Shipyard, a Palestinian shipbuilding company. Jamaat Buhar is the military wing of Jaffa Shipyard, building vessels and armaments for the Palestinian Navy as well as exports for the navies of Syria and Iran. The subsidiary also has contracts to develop specialised products for the Russian and Chinese Navies over the next two decades. Jamaat Buhar is based in Port Fuad, adjacent to Budapest Naval Station on Nashashibi Prospect.
Beit Lahia Municipal Airport

**Beit Lahia Municipal Airport** (Arabic: مطار بلدية بيت لاهيا *maṭār baladiyat bayt lāhiyā*) is a domestic airport located within the municipal boundaries of Beit Lahia, Jabalia County, Gaza, in the Republic of Palestine. It is the only airport serving the metropolitan area of Gaza City, and has multiple daily flights connecting to Yasser Arafat International Airport near Rafah in the southern Gaza Strip as well as Rifaf Khan International Airport, the main gateway to East Jerusalem and the West Bank. The airport is owned by the municipality of Beit Lahia, and operated by the Palestine Airports Authority.
Ministry of Public Security (Rangya)

The **Ministry of Public Security** (Rangyayo: 内事省 *naiji-seng*) is an executive department of the Cabinet of Rangya. It is the primary national security and public law enforcement agency in the Republic of Rangya. It is also responsible for operating the nation's corrections system, and is one of two agencies responsible for protecting the President of Rangya, Prime Minister and other senior government officials, alongside the Republican Guard division of the National Self-Defence Forces.

The current incumbent Minister of Public Security is Thensan Maro, in office since 2016. The ministry is headquartered on Rinkhyu Boulevard in central Baksan.

## Departments

The authority of the Ministry of Public Security is divided between multiple departments with varying jurisdictional mandates, each of which is headed by a superintendent directly subordinate to the Minister of Public Security. The current seven active departments are:
Kai language

The **Kai language** (*phi:sâ: kâi*) is a Kai-Souk language of the larger Song language family. It is the official language of the Southeast Asian country of Kaibesia, where it is spoken by over 4 million people, the vast majority of the population. It is a pitch-register, mora-timed language, with head-first and subject-object-verb word order. Due to centuries of historic Indian and Buddhist influence in Kaibesia, the language features countless loanwords from Pali as well as Sanskrit. Several different orthography systems, almost all Devanagari-based, have been developed over the centuries for writing the language; today, however, the Latin alphabet, known as Aksun Lat, is the most commonly used system of writing, with others being mostly relegated to obscure use, such as the Pali alphabet as used by Buddhist monks.
Kremlin Armoury

The **Kremlin Armoury** (Russian: Оружейная палата *Oruzheynaya palata*) is one of the oldest museums of Moscow, established in 1851 and located in the Moscow Kremlin compound, now a part of the Moscow Kremlin Museum. Unlike the Kremlin Arsenal, the Armoury is no longer used for military purposes, instead valued for its historical symbolism and function as the primary state museum in the capital.

The Kremlin Armoury originated as the royal arsenal in 1508. Until the transfer of the court to St Petersburg, the Armoury was in charge of producing, purchasing and storing weapons, jewelry and various household articles of the tsars. The finest Muscovite gunsmiths (the Vyatkin brothers), jewelers (Gavrila Ovdokimov), and painters (Simon Ushakov) used to work there. In 1640 and 1683, they opened the iconography and pictorial studios, where the lessons on painting and handicrafts could be given. In 1700, the Armoury was enriched with the treasures of the Golden and Silver chambers of the Russian tsars.

In 1711, Peter the Great had the majority of masters transferred to his new capital, St Petersburg. 15 years later, the Armoury was merged with the Fiscal Yard (the oldest depository of the royal treasures), Stables Treasury (in charge of storing harnesses and carriages) and the Master Chamber (in charge of sewing clothes and bedclothes for the tsars). After that, the Armoury was renamed into the Arms and Master Chamber. Alexander I of Russia nominated the Armoury as the first public museum in Moscow in 1806, but the collections were not opened to the public until seven years later.

After the Bolshevik Revolution, the Armoury collection was enriched with treasures taken from the Patriarch sacristy, Kremlin cathedrals, monasteries and private collections. Some of these were sold abroad on behest of Joseph Stalin in the 1930s. In 1960, the Armoury became the official museum of the Kremlin. Two years later, the Patriarch chambers and the Cathedral of the Twelve Apostles were assigned to the Armoury in order to house the Applied Arts Museum.

The Kremlin Armoury is currently home to a significant portion of the Eurasian gold bullion depository. It holds unique collections of the Russian, Western European and Eastern applied arts spanning the period from the 5th to the 20th centuries. Some of the highlights include the Imperial Crown of Russia by jeweller Jérémie Pauzié, Monomakh's Cap, the ivory throne of Ivan the Terrible, and other regal thrones and regalia; the Orloff Diamond; the helmet of Yaroslav II; the sabres of Kuzma Minin and Dmitri Pozharski; the 12th-century necklaces from Ryazan; golden and silver tableware; articles, decorated with enamel, niello and engravings; embroidery with gold and pearls; imperial carriages, weapons, armour, and the Memory of Azov, Bouquet of Lilies Clock, Trans-Siberian Railway, Clover Leaf, Moscow Kremlin, Alexander Palace, Standart Yacht, Alexander III Equestrian, Romanov Tercentenary, Steel Military Fabergé eggs. The ten Fabergé eggs in the Armoury collection (all Imperial eggs) are the most Imperial eggs, and the second-most overall Fabergé eggs, owned by a single owner.
Nabi Musa

**Nabi Musa** (Arabic: النبي موسى *an-nabī mūsā*; lit. "the Prophet Moses") is a site near Jericho in the West Bank, Palestine, which is believed to be the location of the tomb of Moses. It is also the name of a seven-day long religious festival that was celebrated annually by Palestinian Muslims, beginning on the Friday before Good Friday in the old Greek Orthodox calendar. Considered "the most important Muslim pilgrimage in Palestine", the festival centres on a collective pilgrimage from Jerusalem to what was understood to be the Tomb of Moses.

Today, the site is also home to a small village part of an unincorporated township of the same name. According to a census conducted in 1931 by the British Mandate authorities, Nabi Musa had a population of 3 males, in 1 house. A Palestinian village with the same name lies close to the site. In 2007, according to the census by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), it had a residential population of 309.
Ministry of Transportation (Palestine)

The **Ministry of Transportation** (Arabic: وزارة النقل والمواصلات *wuzārat an-naqal wal-mawāṣalāt*) is a ministry of under the Palestinian government. It oversees the government-operated and subsidised transportation systems, working closely with the Ministry of Infrastructure in maintaining network functionality and planning for expansion. The other main responsibility of the secretariat involves regulating the transportation industry via licencing and standardisation, such as air transport operations and safety regulations and airport procedures, operating the nation's air traffic control infrastructure, and establishing standards of training, as well as rail, road and marine transport safety.

The incumbent Minister of Transportation is Imran Makhlouf.

## Organisation

An authority generally has greater executive and lesser policymaking power than a directorate. The responsibilities of the Ministry of Transportation are divided between one authority and multiple directorates:

* Joint Collision and Accident Investigation Authority: Commissions investigations into collisions and other major accidents involving ground, air and/or marine transportation, with jurisdiction over the seven directorates below during active investigations, and the authority to recommend and implement improvements to transport safety policy.

### Directorates

* Road Safety Directorate: Responsible for publishing and amending traffic laws and issuing drivers' licences via standardised road safety testing.
* Vehicle Emissions Regulatory Directorate: Responsible for regulating emissions in road vehicles and setting caps on pollution levels for the transportation industry.
* Public Transit Directorate: Responsible for funding and regulating public transit systems within municipalities and counties, including oversight of the All-Palestine Transit Authority (APTA).
* Rail Safety Regulatory Directorate: Responsible for overseeing the national rail transport safety regulations; maintenance is mostly handled by Palrail, the state corporation which owns all rail infrastructure in the country.
* Air Transport Safety Regulatory Directorate: Operates air traffic control systems in the country and regulates all civil aviation, commercial and private, establishing and enforcing rigorous safety standards and licensing/training procedures, supervising flight schools as well as ensuring the safe operation of airports within the country.
* Directorate for Ports and Marine Transport: Responsible for maintaining standards of professionalism and safety in the marine transport industry.
* Maintenance and Planning Directorate: Oversees the general planning and organisation of the country's roadways, including maintenance in coordination with the Public Works Directorate of the Ministry of Infrastructure.
Johan Kurz

**Johan Kurz** (b. 15 Aug 1955 in Berlin; d. 20 Sept 2008 in Moscow) was a German communist politician and security expert who served from September 2006 to May 2008 as Chairman of the Committee for State Security under the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union. He was suspended from his position on 29 May 2008 following a preliminary investigation, and was put on trial two weeks later for economic sabotage and selling classified information to hostile foreign governments. He was finally convicted of treason and conspiracy to overthrow the government along with ringleader Boris Putin on 19 September 2008, and was executed in Moscow two days later. Kurz's trial brought to light a large conspiracy within the higher levels of the All-Union Communist Party and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union, leading to the arrest of several hundred high-ranking civilian and military personnel over 2008 and 2009, in what became known in state press as the Kurz affair.
Mount Sinai National Park

**Mount Sinai National Park** (Arabic: حديقة جبل سينين الوطنية *ḥadīqat jabal sīnīn al-waṭanīyah*) is a national park located in the southern Sinai Peninsula region of Palestine. It is located in and takes up two-thirds the area of Janoub Sinin County. The park is centred around Mount Sinai, a steep mountain in the southern Sinai mountain ranges, believed to be the namesake Biblical location where the Prophet Moses received the Ten Commandments from God.

In the valley below Mount Sinai is St. Catherine's Monastery, the oldest continuously-operating Christian monastery in the world. Just north of Mount Sinai and the monastery is St. Catherine City, which lies immediately outside of the northern boundaries of the national park.

Because of Mount Sinai's importance to Abrahamic religions, as well as the almost untouched natural rugged landscape which is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Palestine, it was decided to make the region a national park in 1985 during the presidency of Rifaf Khan. It is the most popular national park in the nation by annual number of foreign and domestic tourists.
Korean reunification

The **Korean reunification** was the successful reunification of Korea, in which the Provisional Government of South Korea merged with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) in the aftermath of World War III. The reunification was officially implemented on 1 September 1989, which has been celebrated annually in Korea ever since as *Reunification Day*.
Mikhail Rantanen

**Mikhail Rantanen** is a Karelian and Soviet politician who has served since 2010 as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Karelia, one of the national branches of the All-Union Communist Party (AUCP). He has also served since April 2017 as Chairman of the Council of Ministers and *ex officio* Premier (head of government) of Karelia.
Karachay–Cherkess Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

The **Karachay–Cherkess Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic** is an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union, located in the north Caucasus region of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Its capital and largest city is Cherkessk, and its official languages are Karachay-Balkar, Kabardian, Nogai, Abaza, and Russian. It is governed by the Communist Party of Karachay–Cherkessia, a national branch of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.
Maryam el-Jolany

**Maryam Haider el-Jolany** (Arabic: مريم حيدر الجولاني; c. 1914 – 14 January 1998; aged 85 or 86) was a Palestinian accountant and entrepreneur. She founded the Palestinian Commercial Telecommunications Company in 1960, one of the earliest Palestinian providers of telephone service, which went on to become a major publicly traded national telecommunications company in the 1980s.
Leonid Polonov

**Leonid Anatolyevich Polonov** is a Russian politician and aeronautical engineer, who has served since 2016 as Minister of Defence in the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union. From 2005 to 2015, he was chief designer at Nova Defence Systems, a major state-owned defence contractor.

## Biography

He was born in Kiev in 1973 to Russian-speaking Ukrainian parents who traced their ancestry to Poland. He graduated from high school in 1991, less than two years after the end of the Third World War; in the wake of the postwar political unrest, Polonov joined the Red Guards shortly after graduating from high school, and in 1993 enrolled in Sevastopol Air Force Academy, from which he graduated in 1997 with a major in engineering as a lieutenant, joining the Air Force's Engineering Bureau as a prototype draftsman shortly thereafter. Due to his acumen and knack for spacial abstraction, he moved quickly up the ranks of the Engineering Bureau, becoming Acting Chief Designer after the death of Chief Designer Hans Svensen in 2000. In 2001, he was officially made head of the Engineering Bureau, a position which he maintained until being head-hunted by Nova Defence Systems in late 2004. His political career officially began in early 2007 when he joined his local Northwest Moscow Chapter of the All-Union Communist Party (AUCP), already being elected to represent his electoral district in the Congress of Deputies of the Supreme Soviet the following year. In 2016, he was elected by the Supreme Soviet to the Council of Ministers, and shortly thereafter appointed to lead the Ministry of Defence by Premier Pavel Grudinin.