Earth System

> The Earth itself is a majestic and fantastic universe. Many worlds and many species are kept here within this large and colossal ecosystem.
>
> Carl Black.

The **Earth System** is the set and whole of all things in the planet Earth. The planet itself is like a great and vast universe, with many worlds and realms within it. The Earth system is formed by four "realms" called Biosphere, Atmosphere, Hydrosphere and Geosphere, each one having its layers and levels.

## Overview

Just like humans and animals, the Earth also has a body and in a way is also considered a living being. Earth is as described by Lucifer, beautiful in a trillion different ways, possessing countless wonders and "gears" that make the planet work. The Earth system is made up of: lithosphere, atmosphere, biosphere and hydrosphere.

The internal structure of the Earth, which presents the lithosphere as a surface part, is basically divided into crust, mantle and core layers. Above the lithosphere are the gaseous (atmosphere) and liquid (hydrosphere) layers. In short, Earth is like a universe, that is, Eden is a microverse, a microcosm with four realms, Sky (Atmosphere), Earth (Geosphere), Water (Hydrosphere) and living beings (Biosphere).

## Atmosphere

The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds our planet. The gases are attracted by the Earth's gravity and are retained for a long period of time. In short, atmosphere is a layer of air formed by a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth's surface, in order to be maintained around the planet due to the force of gravity. The atmosphere currently extends beyond the Moon's own orbit around Earth.

### Troposphere

The troposphere is the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere. It contains approximately 75% of the atmospheric mass and 99% of its water vapor and aerosols. The average thickness of the troposphere is 12 km at mid-latitudes.

### Stratosphere

The stratosphere is the second largest layer of the Earth's atmosphere, located between the troposphere and the mesosphere. It is located 50 km above the surface and is home to the ozone layer. The meaning of the word stratosphere comes from the Latin stratum, which means layer.

### Mesosphere

The mesosphere is the coldest layer of the atmosphere. It extends from the upper edge of the stratopause to about 80 or 85 kilometers above the Earth's surface. The mesosphere is characterized by temperatures that decrease as altitude increases.

### Thermosphere

The thermosphere is one of the outermost layers of the Earth's atmosphere, located between 90-1,000 kilometers altitude, just below the exosphere. Composed of neutral atoms and molecules, or neutral particles, the thermosphere is extremely sensitive to variations in energy deposited in it.

### Exosphere

Exosphere is the upper layer of the atmosphere is about 900 km above the Earth. The air is very rarefied, and gas molecules constantly "escape" into space. That's why it's called the exosphere (outer part of the atmosphere).

## Geosphere

The geosphere is the densest parts of the Earth and consists mainly of rocks and regolith and is related to the rocks, soil, etc. Geographically it is the part where man lives.The geosphere extends from the surface to the Earth's core.

### Lithosphere

The Earth's surface and what's under it. The lithosphere extends from the surface of the planet to just beyond the deepest point on Earth which is the Mariana Trench. It is the outer and solid layer of planet Earth, composed of the crust and the outermost part of the mantle, with a thickness of 50 km to 200 km.

### Asthenosphere

The asthenosphere is the layer just below the lithosphere. As its temperature is higher, it has less rigidity suffering deformation when subjected to efforts.

### Mesosphere (Mantle)

The mesosphere extends from the base of the asthenosphere to the border with the endosphere, starting at 350 km deep and ending at 2900 km, having a great thickness and being quite dense with temperatures that can reach 2000ºC.

## Trivia

* Earth system should not be confused with a binary system of planets.