King Richard

### Other Names and Epithets

Richard Cœur de Lion, Richard I of England, Oc e No, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Poitiers, Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Count of Nantes

### Allies

Eleanor of Aquitaine, Henry the Young King, William de Longchamp, Pope Celestine III, Duke of Brittany Arthur I

### Antagonists

Henry the Young King, Prince John, Saladin, Duke Leopold V of Austria, Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI, King Philip of France

## Historical Figure

### Born

8 September 1157Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England

### Died

6 April 1199 (aged 41)Châlus, Duchy of Aquitaine

## Family

### Siblings

* Marie, Countess of Champagne
* Alix, Countess of Blois
* Count William IX of Poitiers
* Henry the Young King
* Duchess Matilda of Saxony
* Duke Geoffrey II of Brittany
* Queen Eleanor of Castile
* Queen Joan of Sicily
* Prince John

## Origin

The rightful King of England King Richard is a historical king whose younger brother unsuccessfully tried to usurp his throne while he was away fighting in the Third Crusade.

## In Robin Hood

Robin became an outlaw while chaffing at the rules set in place by Prince John while Richard was fighting in the Crusades. When Richard returned home he joined the Merry Men in the forest for a time using an alias and befriended Robin. After his identity was discovered he granted pardons to Robin and his Merry Men and in some tales attended, officiated or ordered Robin and Marian's wedding and hired Robin and his Merry Men.

## Historical Figure

Richard I was the third son of King Henry II of England and Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine. Richard reigned as King of England from July 6, 1189 to April 6, 1199. He was also Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine and Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes. See wikipedia for more. Despite his heroic nature in the Robin Hood tales and many other fictional stories which include him he is considered to have been a poor king and a violent man though an excellent soldier which may explain why he spent so little of his reign in England and left his mother and William de Longchamp as regents in his place.

## Appearances in Media

#### **Ballads:**

* A Gest of Robyn Hode
* A True Tale of Robin Hood

#### **Literature:**

* 1820 *Ivanhoe* by Sir Walter Scott
* 1825 *The Talisman* by Sir Walter Scott
* 1883 *The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood* by Howard Pyle
* 1950 *A Search For the King* by Gore Vidal
* 1951 *The Lute Player* by Norah Lofts
* 1970 *The Kings of Vain Intent* by Graham Shelby
* 1973 *The Devil is Loose* by Graham Shelby
* 1981 *Lionheart!: A Novel of Richard I, King of England* by Martha Rofheart
* 2008 *The Devil's Brood* by Sharon Kay Penman
* 2011 *The King's Witch* by Cecelia Holland

#### **Plays:**

* 1966 *The Lion in Winter* by James Goldman

### Character Filmography:

#### **Film:**

* 1922 *Robin Hood* played by
* 1935 *The Crusades* played by Henry Wilcoxon
* 1938 *The Adventures of Robin Hood* played by Ian Hunter
* 1948 *The Prince of Thieves* played by
* 1950 *Rogues of Sherwood Forest* played by
* 1954 *The Men of Sherwood Forest* played by
* 1968 *The Lion in Winter* played by Anthony Hopkins
* 1973 *Robin Hood* voiced by
* 1976 *Robin and Marian* played by Richard Harris
* 1991 *Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves* played by Sean Connery
* 1993 *Robin Hood: Men in Tights* played by Patrick Stewart
* 2003 *The Lion in Winter* played by Andrew Howard
* 2005 *Kingdom of Heaven* played by Iain Glen
* 2010 *Robin Hood* played by Danny Hudson
* 2013 *Richard The Lionheart* played by Chandler Maness
* 2015 *Richard The Lionheart: Rebellion* played by Chandler Maness

#### **Television:**

* The Adventures of Robin Hood (1956) 143 episodes
* Robin of Sherwood (1984 - 1986) 26 episodes
* Robin Hood (2006 - 2009) 39 episodes

## Gallery

Richard Coeur De Lion by Louis RheadSean Connery as King Richard in *Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves* (1991)Danny Huston in Robin Hood (2010)King Richard from the Typhoo Tea Paper Doll Card series of Robin Hood cutouts from 1928.King Richard in Sherwood Forest from *Robin Hood and the Men of the Greenwood* by Henry Gilbert (1912). Illustrated by Walter Crane in 1883.Richard with his wife Berengaria of NavarrePeter Ustinov as King Richard in Robin Hood (1973)