recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Compton's Cafeteria riot

Lost Landmarks historic marker in Uptown Tenderloin

The **Compton's Cafeteria riot** took place on an evening in August 1966 at Gene Compton's Cafeteria, an all-night restaurant in the Tenderloin neighborhood of San Francisco, California. The homophobic and transphobic management at Gene Compton's Cafeteria frequently called the San Francisco police (SFPD) to remove and arrest queer customers. On that particular night, SFPD was called to remove a table of noisy diners. Frustrated by constant police harassment and profiling, patrons resisted and started throwing silverware, cups, plates, and trays at the SFPD officers. It has been said but not proven that a trans woman sparked the riot when she threw a cup of coffee in an officer's face. The riot spread onto the surrounding Turk and Taylor Streets and the cafeteria was also damaged.

Locally, the riot was not originally seen as significant to the community members who were focused on their own survival and did not have the time or resources for political organizing. The event was mostly ignored by the media, even in the publications run by the gay community, and no arrest records remain in SFPD archives. Despite how it was ignored at the time, the riot is now seen as a turning point for trans civil rights and a significant moment in trans resistance to police violence.

## Prelude

By 1966, the Tenderloin neighborhood in San Francisco had become a haven for various gender non-conforming youth, gay men, drag queens, and transgender women. Names used during the time period included butch, hustler, female impersonator, queen or drag queen, sissy, and hair fairy. Many trans residents could not find legal employment and engaged in sex work, drug dealing, or other illegal activities for their survival, working primarily during late night hours. Since the Gene Compton's Cafeteria at Turk and Taylor was open 24/7, it became a popular gathering spot despite the management's discriminatory behavior. On July 18, 1966, the LGBTQIA+ youth organization Vanguard staged a picket line at Compton's in protest, but the restaurant ignored them.

## Event

*Give the relevant info and history relating to the event.*

## Aftermath

*Detail the aftermath of the event, things that may or may not have changed because of it.*

## Trivia

*This section can be used to share all relevant info regarding the topic that does not fit elsewhere, but make sure to properly source it.*

## Resources

* *Screaming Queens: The Riot at Compton's Cafeteria* — documentary directed by Victor Silverman and Susan Stryker, hosted on the KQED Arts channel on YouTube
* "Compton's Cafeteria Riot and the Legacy of Police Violence" — hosted on the GLBT Historical Society's channel on YouTube

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Oatman-Stanford, Hunter: "The Sissies, Hustlers, and Hair Fairies Whose Defiant Lives Paved the Way For Stonewall" (2016-08-15). *Collectors Weekly*. (Archived on November 6, 2021).
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Levin, Sam: "Compton's Cafeteria riot: a historic act of trans resistance, three years before Stonewall" (2019-06-21). *The Guardian*. (Archived on January 28, 2022).
Gender binary

The **gender binary** is a concept or social system that claims there are only two genders—female and male—that form a binary or pair. It generally assumes that it is "normal" for people to be cisgender,since gender identity is expected to always align with the sex that was assigned at birth. Men and women are also expected to conform with their culture's expectations regarding gender expression and gender roles. Variations in identity or expression are not understood, recognized, or supported. The gender binary thus reinforces strict gender roles by treating gender essentialist beliefs as factual. It does not reflect the reality of people's experiences and has been disproven.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Human Rights Campaign: "Glossary of Terms". hrc.org.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 PFLAG: "National Glossary of Terms". pflag.org. (Archived on January 25, 2022).
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 The Trans Language Primer: "Gender Binary". *The Trans Language Primer*. (Archived on November 6, 2021).
Alloromantic

Alloromantic is an emerging term.Alloromantic is a term that has recently emerged. Although the term may be growing in usage, and is significant and well-sourced enough to warrant inclusion on this wiki, it may still be relatively unknown outside of the platform or community where it originated. The exact definition and name may not have stabilized, and may change significantly as more people identify with it.
**Alloromantic** is an umbrella term for people who experience romantic attraction or are not on the aromantic spectrum. Alloromantic people regularly experience romantic attraction to other people. The term is not gender-specific. It is possible to be alloromantic but not allosexual, and vice versa.

## References

1. ↑ "AUREA - Basic Aromantic Terms" (2021-10). aromanticism.org. aromanticism.org.
2. ↑ "Western Aces: Terminology". wp.wwu.edu. (Archived on December 30, 2021).
Cisgender

A **cisgender** person is someone who is not transgender and can thus also be referred to as a non-transgender person. It is often shortened to **cis**, which comes from the Latin prefix "*cis*-" meaning "on the same side of", making it an antonym of "*trans*-". Cisgender people have a gender identity that matches the gender or sex they were assigned at birth. Their gender expression or gender presentation may be gender non-conforming, such as a femme man who was assigned male at birth. The term "cisgender" should be used when referring to people's genders instead of inaccurate terms like "bio(logical)", "born", "genetic", "natal", or "real". Not all cisgender people are cisgender heterosexual.

## See also

* Birth assignment
* Gender binary
* Intersex
* Transgender

## References

1. ↑ GLAAD: "Glossary of Terms - Transgender". *GLAAD Media Reference Guide - 10th Edition*. (Archived on October 22, 2021).
2. ↑ The Trevor Project: "Understanding Gender Identities" (2021-08-23). thetrevorproject.org. (Archived on November 21, 2021).
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 The Trans Language Primer: "Gender Non-Conforming (GNC)". *The Trans Language Primer*. (Archived on November 4, 2021).
4. ↑ The Trans Language Primer: "Cisgender". *The Trans Language Primer*. (Archived on November 2, 2021).
Equality Act

Disambiguation page for Equality ActThe following is a list of links to pages that might share the same title.Please follow one of the disambiguation links below or search to find the page you were looking for if it is not listed. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
* Equality Act (US), a bill introduced in the United States Congress that has not been passed
* Equality Act 2006, an Act of Parliament in the Parliament of the United Kingdom
* Equality Act 2010, an Act of Parliament in the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Gender presentation

**Gender presentation** refers to how other people see and understand someone else's gender. Gender expression is part of it, but *presentation* also includes how those forms of expression are *perceived* by another person. When one person perceives a second, the first person interprets how the second person's gender is presented. The first person may incorrectly guess the second person's gender because people are taught that certain types of hairstyles, clothing, body language, voice, and other cues are "masculine" or "feminine".

## References

1. ↑ The Trevor Project: "Understanding Gender Identities" (2021-08-23). thetrevorproject.org. (Archived on November 21, 2021).
2. ↑ The Trans Language Primer: "Gender Presentation". *The Trans Language Primer*. (Archived on December 5, 2021).
Aromantic-spectrum Union for Recognition, Education, and Advocacy

### Purpose

To help with growing the aromantic community, and to help advocate for the community's interests, especially by furthering recognition and education about aromanticism on an international level.

The **Aromantic-spectrum Union for Recognition, Education, and Advocacy**, also known as **AUREA**, is a volunteer-based group dedicated to assisting "in the growth of the aromantic community", especially by researching and providing information related to aromanticism. This includes "vocabulary, research, online resources, links to in-person groups, and printable educational materials".

## History

AUREA was founded sometime in 2019, with the website being established during that year. The organization was formed in order to have an advocacy group specifically for aromantic people, since before its formation much of aromantic advocacy was limited to individual's personal blogs.

AUREA has since grown in recognition, to the point where it is often cited as a resource on aromanticism by other established organizations.

## Trivia

* AUREA is currently organizing a book project that will collect people's experiences with aromanticism, including an introductory guide to the label, history of the community, and stories from individual aromantic people.

## Resources

* The AUREA main website
* Glossary of terms related to aromanticism hosted on the AUREA website
* News feed of articles written by AUREA

## References

1. ↑ "AUREA - Aromantic-spectrum Union for Recognition, Education, and Advocacy". aromanticism.org. (Archived on August 8, 2022).
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "AUREA - About AUREA". aromanticism.org. (Archived on June 8, 2022).
3. ↑ "NYSCASA Honors Aromantic Spectrum Awareness Week" (2022-02-20). nyscasa.org. New York State Coalition Against Sexual Assault. (Archived on February 20, 2022).
4. ↑ "Basic Terms - Ace and Aro Alliance of Central Ohio". acearoalliance.org. Ace and Aro Alliance of Central Ohio. (Archived on April 6, 2021).
5. ↑ "Resources - Asexual & Aromantic Community and Education Club". sophia.smith.edu. Smith College.
6. ↑ "Asexual/Aromantic Education". rcsgd.sa.ucsb.edu. UCSB Sexual & Gender Diversity Center.
7. ↑ Fowler, James: "The Bravery to Be Yourself: Aromanticism with Alex from AUREA" (2021-10-07). channelkindness.org. Channel Kindness. (Archived on October 22, 2021).
Bi

Disambiguation page for BiThe following is a list of links to pages that might share the same title.Please follow one of the disambiguation links below or search to find the page you were looking for if it is not listed. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
**Bi** is a prefix used for the following:

* **Bisexual**, a sexual orientation involving attraction to two or more genders
* **Biromantic**, the equivalent romantic orientation
* **Bigender**, a gender identity in which two genders are experienced by one person

Note that "bi" is often informally used as a shortened form of bisexual in particular.
Demi

Disambiguation page for DemiThe following is a list of links to pages that might share the same title.Please follow one of the disambiguation links below or search to find the page you were looking for if it is not listed. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
**Demi** is a prefix used for the following:

* **Demisexual**, an identity from the asexual spectrum used to describe those who do not experience sexual attraction to others unless they form a strong emotional bond with someone first.
* **Demiromantic**, the equivalent romantic orientation.
* **Demigender**, umbrella term for gender identities used to describe partial, but not full, connection to a particular gender.
Heterosexual

**Heterosexual**, or **straight**, refers to the sexual orientation of an individual is attracted to people of a gender different than their own. It is commonly used to mean a woman attracted to men or a man attracted to women, which is often called the "opposite" gender. A person who is both cisgender and heterosexual is sometimes referred to as "cishet". Within the Split Attraction Model that separates sexual attraction from romantic attraction, its romantic equivalent is heteroromantic.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 PFLAG: "National Glossary of Terms". pflag.org. (Archived on January 25, 2022).
2. ↑ "Heterosexual". vocabulary.com.
3. ↑ The Trans Language Primer: "Split Attraction Model (SAM)". *The Trans Language Primer*. (Archived on December 8, 2021).
Gender spectrum

The **gender spectrum** is a concept of gender that does not use the man/woman gender binary. Instead, it views gender as a continuum of masculinity and femininity, with some people falling at different points, moving along the spectrum, or existing outside of the spectrum. However, it is also an extension of the gender binary; it is a linear model based on a range of 100% man to 100% woman, not specifically including all genders.

## See also

* Gender binary
* Genderfluid
* Genderqueer

## References

1. ↑ PFLAG: "National Glossary of Terms". pflag.org. (Archived on January 25, 2022).
2. ↑ The Trans Language Primer: "Gender Spectrum". *The Trans Language Primer*. (Archived on October 29, 2021).
Lawrence v. Texas

## Outcome

Ruled that "sodomy laws" criminalizing private, consensual activities between adults of the same sex were unconstitutional

## Other case details

### Majority

* Anthony Kennedy (Associate Justice)
* John P. Stevens (Associate Justice)
* David Souter (Associate Justice)
* Ruth Bader Ginsburg (Associate Justice)
* Stephen Breyer (Associate Justice)

### Dissent

* William Rehnquist (Chief Justice)
* Antonin Scalia (Associate Justice)
* Clarence Thomas (Associate Justice)

### Related cases

Bowers v. Hardwick

**Lawrence v. Texas** was a landmark case, decided in the Supreme Court of the United States on June 26, 2003, that ruled sodomy bans between private, consenting adults were unconstitutional.

## History

The case originated in the state of Texas in 1998, when John Geddes Lawrence, Jr. and Tyron Garner were criminally charged under a "Homosexual Conduct" statute that stated it was a violation of the law if someone "engages in deviate sexual intercourse with another individual of the same sex". Garner and Lawrence were arrested by sheriff's deputies in Harris County, Texas, and each were accused of having "engaged in deviate sexual conduct namely, anal sex, with another man."

Lawrence and Garner were represented by Lambda Legal. After the court refused to dismiss the case against them, their attorneys appealed to the case to the Texas Fourteenth Court of Appeals in 1999. A three-judge panel originally ruled in 2000 that the case violated the state and federal constitutions, but a subsequent review by that court in 2001 overturned the prior decision. Lawrence and Garner's attorneys then appealed at the state level in 2002 for the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals to review the case; the request was denied. The Lambda Legal attorneys then petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to consider:

1. If criminal convictions under Texas' "Homosexual Conduct" law, which criminalized same-sex couples for behavior that was legal for different-sex couples, violated the guarantee of equal protection under the Fourteenth Amendment;
2. If criminal convictions for adult consensual sexual intimacy in their home violated their vital interests in liberty and privacy as protected by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment; and
3. If the prior decision in Bowers v. Hardwick should be overruled.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Krystyna Blokhina Gilkis, Legal Information Institute: "Lawrence v. Texas". law.cornell.edu. Cornell Law School.
2. ↑ The Associated Press: "Supreme Court Strikes Down Texas Law Banning Sodomy" (2003-06-26). nytimes.com. The New York Times.
3. ↑ "Penal Code Chapter 21. Sexual Offenses". statutes.capitol.texas.gov. Texas Legislature.
Abroromantic

Abroromantic is an emerging term.Abroromantic is a term that has recently emerged. Although the term may be growing in usage, and is significant and well-sourced enough to warrant inclusion on this wiki, it may still be relatively unknown outside of the platform or community where it originated. The exact definition and name may not have stabilized, and may change significantly as more people identify with it.

## Abroromantic

A proposed abroromantic flag, designed by Pride-Flags on DeviantArt

## Related terms

### Different from

Panromantic

**Abroromantic** individuals experience their romantic orientation as fluid and/or changing over time. Although other kinds of fluidity may involve changes in the genders one is attracted to, abroromanticism involves one's entire orientation changing over time. The intensity of their attractions may change as well.

## Etymology

The prefix "abro-" comes from the Greek *habrós*, meaning "graceful" or "delicate". This symbolizes the movement and changing nature of people who are abroromantic.

## Flag

The abroromantic flag is the same as the abrosexual one but with a heart overlaid to represent romantic attraction.

## Distinction

### Abroromantic vs Abrosexual

An abroromantic individual may want a romantic relationship but not necessarily want to have sex. In contrast, an abrosexual individual may want to have sex but not necessarily want a romantic relationship.

## References

1. ↑ Pride-Flags: "Abroromantic" (Sep 25, 2016). deviantart.com.
2. ↑ Hardell, Ash. *The ABC's of LGBT+*. Mango Media Inc., 2016. ISBN 9781633534087.
3. ↑ "ἁβρός - Wiktionary". en.wiktionary.org. Wiktionary.
4. ↑ "abrosexual" (February 20, 2020). dictionary.com. Dictionary.com.
5. ↑ "What is Abrosexual?". webmd.com. WebMD.
Hetero

Disambiguation page for HeteroThe following is a list of links to pages that might share the same title.Please follow one of the disambiguation links below or search to find the page you were looking for if it is not listed. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
**Hetero**, sometimes shortened to "**hetro**", is a prefix used for the following:

* **Heterosexual**, a sexual orientation where a person is sexually attracted to people of a gender different from their own
* **Heteroromantic**, the equivalent romantic orientation
* **Heteroflexible**, an orientation where the individual is "mostly straight", rarely pursuing attraction to their own gender
* **Heteroqueer**, a term for someone who is both queer and straight
* **Heteronormative**, a norm against non-straight people
Gray

Disambiguation page for GrayThe following is a list of links to pages that might share the same title.Please follow one of the disambiguation links below or search to find the page you were looking for if it is not listed. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
**Gray**, or **grey**, is a prefix used for the following:

* **Gray-asexual**, an identity from the asexual spectrum used to describe those who rarely experience sexual attraction to others or an umbrella term for those are in between asexual and allosexual.
* **Grayromantic**, the equivalent romantic orientation.
* **Graygender**, a gender identity that describes a feeling of ambivalence towards one's gender.
Minus18

### Purpose

To change the lives of LGBTQIA+ youth in Australia through social inclusion and advocacy.

**Minus18** is Australia's LGBTQIA+ youth organization dedicated "leading change, building social inclusion, and advocating for an Australia where all young people are safe, empowered, and surrounded by people that support them."

## History

In 1998, mum and LGBTQIA+ champion Nan McGregor founded Minus18, hosting some of Australia’s first underage LGBTQIA+ events called "Minus18". These events were a space for young, same-sex attracted youth to meet others. Initially begun through hosting drug- and alcohol-free 'dance parties', Minus18 soon expanded into hosting other events and becoming more involved with the greater gay community in Melbourne, Australia.

In 2011, volunteers at Minus18 transformed the events group into the Minus18 Foundation, and began expanding their events to include more social events outside of dances, a same-sex formal, online networking and support, and the addition of youth mentoring and resources that would later become a central part of the organization's mission.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "The History of Minus18" (2023-07-14). minus18.org.au. Minus18.
2. ↑ "LGBT Community Pays Tribute To Nan McGregor" (2022-04-20). starobserver.com.au. Shibu Thomas.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "MySpace.com -minus18" (2008-10-15). web.archive.org. MySpace.
4. ↑ Robinson, Mark: "minus18.org v8 - Minus18: An Overview" (2006-07-14). web.archive.org. Minus18.
5. ↑ "Minus18 (@minus18youth) / Twitter" (2009-07). twitter.com. Twitter.
6. ↑ "Home |" (2022). minus18.org.au. Minus18.
7. ↑ "Minus18 - Victorian Pride Centre" (2022). pridecentre.org.au. Victorian Pride Centre.
8. ↑ "Micah Scott - Chief Executive Officer - Minus18 Foundation" (2022). au.linkedin.com. LinkedIn.
9. ↑ "Micah, CEO Profile" (2022). minus18.org.au. Minus18.
10. ↑ "About | Minus18" (2022). minus18.org.au. Minus18.
11. ↑ Minus18, About (2023-11-12)
12. ↑ "Minus18 - What We Do" (2013-05-02). web.archive.org.
13. ↑ Minus18, The History of Minus18 (2023-07-14)
DOB

Disambiguation page for DOBThe following is a list of links to pages that might share the same title.Please follow one of the disambiguation links below or search to find the page you were looking for if it is not listed. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
**DOB** is an abbreviation that may refer to:

* **Daughters of Bilitis**, the first civil rights group specifically for lesbians, existing from 1955 to 1972
* **Dykes on Bikes**, a combination of lesbian pride and motorcycle clubs, founded in 1976
Lambda Literary

### Purpose

"To nurture, and advocate for, LGBTQ writers, elevating the impact of their words, preserve their legacies, and affirm the value of their stories and lives."

**Lambda Literary** is a nonprofit group dedicated to advocating for LGBTQIA+ authors and books. In particular, they help promote such works via their yearly Lambda Literary Awards, as well as various programs to support LGBTQIA+ writers.

## History

Before Lambda Literary was formally founded, the Lambda Book Report was published in 1987. This publication, created by L. Page (Deacon) Maccubbin, had the goal of bringing greater attention to LGBTQIA+ books. It eventually grew into a periodical for reviews on LGBTQIA+ literature.

Meanwhile, the first Lambda Literary Awards were held in 1989. The focus of these awards were to celebrate and gain more recognition for LGBTQIA+ books, which before then were mostly limited in sales to networks of lesbian and gay bookstores and publishers.

Both the Lambda Book Report and the Lambda Literary Awards continued to grow in scope and influence, leading to the formal founding of Lambda Literary as a nonprofit organization in 1997. The group's main goals were to continue promoting LGBTQIA+ books, as well as continue the Lambda Literary Awards.

The Lambda Literary Awards have continued to be held each year since their creation. The awards have 24 categories, tend to feature over 150 LGBTQIA+ authors each year, and even have cash prizes for certain categories. Examples of some of the specific categories include LGBTQ Anthology, Lesbian Memoir/Biography, LGBTQ Comics,  Transgender Poetry, LGBTQ Erotica, and Transgender Fiction.

Lambda Literacy also organizes several help programs and events, such as a Writer's Retreat, the LGTBQ Writers in School program, and Lambda LitFest.

## Trivia

* The Lambda Literary Awards are often shortened to "the Lammys".

## Resources

* Lambda Literary website
* Lambda Literary's online bookshop

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "Mission & History". lambdaliterary.org. Lambda Literary. (Archived on June 13, 2022).
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "Lambda Literary Foundation" (2020-10-27). philanthropynewsdigest.org. Philanthropy News Digest. (Archived on March 31, 2022).
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Lambda Literary Awards". lambdaliterary.org. Lambda Literary. (Archived on June 22, 2022).
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "The Best LGBTQ Books of the Year, According to Lambda Literary" (2022-06-13). bookriot.com. Book Riot. (Archived on June 14, 2022).
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Italie, Hillel: "Lauren Groff's 'Matrix,' Kristen Arnett's 'With Teeth' among Lammy nominees for best LGBTQ books" (2022-03-15). usatoday.com. USA Today. (Archived on April 5, 2022).
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Krajeski, Justin: "The best LGBTQ+ books of 2022, according to Lambda Literary" (2022-06-12). nbcnews.com. NBC News. (Archived on July 11, 2022).
Defense of Marriage Act

* Allowed states to refuse recognition of same-sex marriages performed in other states

## General Information

### Related legislation

Respect for Marriage Act

The **Defense of Marriage Act**, often shortened to **DOMA**, was a 1996 law passed by the United States Congress and signed by then-President Bill Clinton. The law officially defined marriage in the United States of America as being between one man and one woman. A portion of the law was superseded by the U.S. Supreme Court in the 2013 case United States v. Windsor, and the entirety was deemed unconstitutional by Obergefell v. Hodges. DOMA was officially repealed on December 13, 2022 by the Respect for Marriage Act.

## History

The Defense of Marriage Act was passed under the Clinton Administration and signed into law by President Bill Clinton on September 21, 1996. The law effectively gave heterosexual couples legal and financial advantages that same-sex couples could not access. In addition to defining marriage in a way that excluded same-sex couples, the law prevented man/man and woman/woman couples from adopting children. According to the law's proponents, such measures was necessary to preserve the family in its current form and to prevent incest and polygamy—a conclusion that was criticized by DOMA's opponents.

The Defense of the Marriage Act did not prevent states from passing their own laws regulating same-sex marriage, and about 40 states passed laws banning same-sex marriage in DOMA's aftermath. The law remained fully in effect for nearly two decades until the two major parts of the law were struck down by the United States Supreme Court in the 2013 case United States v. Windsor and the 2015 case Obergefell v. Hodges.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Defense of Marriage Act". *Cornell Law*. (Archived on March 24, 2022).
HIV/AIDS pandemic

The AIDS Quilt in Washington

The **HIV/AIDS pandemic** is a worldwide health crisis involving the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a virus that attacks the immune system, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a severe phase that may occur when the immune system is badly damaged by HIV. AIDS was first officially reported on June 5, 1981.

## First reports

On June 5, 1981, the United States Center for Disease Control published an article titled "Pneumocystis Pneumonia—Los Angeles" in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. The article described five young gay men who previously were healthy but then developed a rare lung infection, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The men had symptoms that indicated that their immune systems did not work. The report is now known as the first official reporting of the AIDS epidemic.

On that same day, Dr. Alvin Friedman-Kien, a dermatologist, called the U.S. Center for Disease Control and reported a series of recently discovered Kaposi's Sarcoma cases among gay men in New York and California, observed by himself and his colleagues. Kaposi's Sarcoma is a type of cancer that occurs among people with weakened immune systems and was then considered a benign, rare cancer. Before then, Friedman-Kien, as a dermatologist at the largest skin clinic in the United States, had seen 15 cases of Kaposi's Sarcoma in 24 years, mostly in elderly men from a Mediterranean or Eastern European background, not in young patients.

## References

1. ↑ "About HIV". *https://www.cdc.gov*. (Archived on January 13, 2022).
2. ↑ National Prevention Information Network: "HIV/AIDS Timeline". *https://npin.cdc.gov*. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (Archived on January 13, 2022).
3. ↑ "Pneumocystis Pneumonia --- Los Angeles" (1981-06-05). *https://www.cdc.gov*. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. (Archived on January 13, 2022).
4. ↑ Hopkins Tanne, Janice: "Fighting AIDS" (2008-08-12). *https://nymag.com*. New York Magazine. (Archived on January 13, 2022).
Femme

**Femme** has many different meanings, and often refers to a person of queer gender expression that embraces, reclaims, or subverts their culture's understanding of what it means to be feminine. Femme is often associated with the lesbian community, although it has also been used by bisexuals, gay men, and genderqueer people, among other groups. It can describe gender presentation on an occasion or be a term related to a person's gender identity. Some variations are "hard femme," an edgy or hard-rock expression of femininity, and "high femme", usually an extreme expression of the aesthetic aspects of femininity.

Femme is often understood on a spectrum of butch to femme or stud to femme.

## Community

### History

In the United States, butch/femme roles were common in lesbian communities during the first half of the 20th century.

### Flag

Some time after June 27, 2017, and before December 3rd, 2017, the Tumblr blog noodle posted a seven-striped femme flag design. Purple was specifically chosen to match the vibrant orange of the butch flag. It also took inspiration from the pink and red lesbian flag.

### Perceptions and discrimination

Although working class butch/femme culture was not a simple imitation of heterosexuality, that assumption led to stereotyping and dismissal by many lesbian feminists, the medical establishment, and more affluent gays and lesbians. The dominant discourse of feminism and lesbian feminism in the 1970s and early 1980s regarded butch/femme communities as incompatible with feminism and marginalized them in lesbian history. From that perspective, butch/femme roles were criticized as reproducing patriarchy and hierarchies within women's relationships; they were not seen as being distinct, transformative, or a form of resistance to the oppression of women.

## Media

### Literature

* *The Persistent Desire: A Femme-Butch Reader* by Joan Nestle
* *S/He* by Minnie Bruce Pratt
* *Femme: Feminists, Lesbians, and Bad Girls* by Laura Harris and Elizabeth Crocker
* *My Dangerous Desires: A Queer Girl Dreaming Her Way Home* by Amber L. Hollibaugh

### Public figures

* Indya Moore
* Jonathan Van Ness

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Davis, Jamie Geneve: "The Evolution of Femme: The Case for Femme as a Multifaceted Queer Identity". depaul.digication.com.
2. ↑ Levitt, H.M.; Gerrish, E.A.; and Hiestand, K.R.. "The Misunderstood Gender: A Model of Modern Femme Identity". *Sex Roles*. 48, 99–113, 2003. (web archive)
3. ↑ "Butch-Femme.com: GenderQueers". web.archive.org.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 The Trans Language Primer: "Femme". *The Trans Language Primer*. (Archived on December 9, 2021).
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 PFLAG: "National Glossary of Terms". pflag.org. (Archived on January 25, 2022).
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Kennedy, Elizabeth Lapovsky and Davis, Madeline D.. *Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold: The History of a Lesbian Community*. 20th anniversary edition, Routledge (Taylor & Francis Group), 2014.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Tumblr user noodle: "An idea for a femme flag". wuvsbian.tumblr.com. (Archived version).
Ally

When used in relation to the LGBTQIA+ community, an **ally** or an **accomplice** is someone who supports LGBTQIA+ people in partnership with them and advocates for them, even without having a direct stake in the cause, such as a cisgender person who actively supports transgender rights. Being an ally is not considered an identity; it is an ongoing process that requires action and continuous learning.

The "A" in acronyms like LGBTQIA+ does not mean **A**lly. Some allies consider themselves to be a part of the community despite this fact. The validity of this claim is currently a topic of debate within the community itself. Generally, though, allies are not considered to be a valid part of the community due to the fact that allies support LGBTQIA+ people without actually being them. However, allyship can provide plausible deniability for someone who is not ready to come out or who cannot safely come out, but still wants to be close to queer culture and politics.

There is a flag design associated with LGBTQIA+ allies. This flag is said to represent "all straight and cisgender people who are proud allies of the LGBT+ community", and is thought to have been created sometime in the 2000s. The color meanings for this flag are as follows: the black and white stripes are meant to represent "heterosexual genders", while the A-shaped rainbow in the flag represents someone acting as both an ally and an activist, in this case with support to the LGBTQIA+ community.

## Resources

* "A Guide to Being an Ally to Transgender and Nonbinary Youth" by The Trevor Project (backup link)

## References

1. ↑ PFLAG: "National Glossary of Terms". pflag.org. (Archived on January 25, 2022).
2. ↑ The Trans Language Primer: "Ally". *The Trans Language Primer*. (Archived on November 7, 2021).
3. ↑ Marks, Jadyn, "Why straight allies are not part of the LGBTQIA+ community"
4. ↑ Holleb, Morgan Lev Edward. *The A-Z of Gender and Sexuality: From Ace to Ze*. Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2019. ISBN 9781784506636.
5. ↑ Tris Reid-Smith: "Pride flags: The biggest guide to LGBT+ rainbow flags and what they all mean". gaystarnews.com. Gay Star News. (Archived on March 29, 2022).
Allo

Disambiguation page for AlloThe following is a list of links to pages that might share the same title.Please follow one of the disambiguation links below or search to find the page you were looking for if it is not listed. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
**Allo** is a prefix used for the following:

* **Allosexual**, a term for someone who is not on the asexual spectrum
* **Alloromantic**, the equivalent romantic orientation
* **Allonormative**, a discriminatory norm against a-spec people
Affix

An **affix** is a morpheme that is added (affixed) to a root word to change its meaning. Prefixes and suffixes are both types of affixes. A prefix is an affix that occurs before the root word, while an affix attached at the end is a suffix. The addition of prefixes or suffixes creates another orientation term.

## Suffixes

* An ocean: peaks and valleys of strong, powerful waves, that might be felt deeply or constantly
* A river: running predictably and smoothly until they suddenly change course

## References

1. ↑ Shrives, Craig: "Affix". *Grammar Monster*. (Archived on October 31, 2021).
2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 Green, Jamison; Hoskin, Rhea Ashley; Mayo, Cris; and Miller, sj. *Navigating Trans\*+ and Complex Gender Identities*. Bloomsbury, 2020. ISBN 9781350061064.
3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 Hardell, Ash. *The Gay BC's of LGBT+: An Accompaniment to The ABC's of LGBT+*. Mango Media Inc., 2017-11-09. (web archive)
4. ↑ Merriam-Webster Dictionary: "Hom-". merriam-webster.com.
5. ↑ Ochs, Robyn: "I call myself bisexual because..." (2020-10-09). robynochs.com. (Archived on February 6, 2022).
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Zane, Zachary: "What's the Real Difference between Bi- and Pansexual?" (2018-06-29). *Rolling Stone*. (Archived on January 20, 2022).
7. ↑ Berg, Alex: "The evolution of the word 'bisexual' — and why it's still misunderstood" (2020-09-24). *NBC News*. (Archived on November 21, 2021).
8. ↑ "What's the difference between being bisexual and pansexual?" (2021-05-25). *Minus18*. (Archived on November 21, 2021).
9. ↑ Mere Abrams, LCSW, and Sian Ferguson:: "68 Terms That Describe Gender Identity and Expression" (2022-02-09). healthline.com. (Archived on March 9, 2022).
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Holleb, Morgan Lev Edward. *The A-Z of Gender and Sexuality: From Ace to Ze*. Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2019. ISBN 9781784506636.
Gender non-conforming

**Gender non-conforming** (GNC) people do not follow gender stereotypes; they differ from their society's conventional binary expectations of masculine or feminine presentation. Gender non-conformity can encompass many things, such as gender expression or gender roles. It is typically apparent in people whose gender identity is a binary gender such as male or female, whether they are cisgender or transgender; for instance, a feminine trans man and a feminine cis man are both non-conforming with expectations of masculinity. The term is not equivalent to non-binary or trans, but some trans or non-binary people also identify as gender non-conforming. It is sometimes seen as an umbrella term for non-binary genders, such as in the initialism "TGNC" (trans and gender non-conforming).

## Community

### Flag

###

The creator of the main Gender Non-Conforming flag is unknown, although it has received the most attention via DeviantArt user PrideFlags, who uploaded it on March 11, 2017. [8]

Purple represents females who deviate from gender norms, blue and purple represents males who deviate from gender norms, and white represents non-binary people who deviate from gender norms.

### Distinction

Main article: Non-binary

Main article: Transgender

### Perceptions and discrimination

The term "gender non-conforming" is sometimes regarded as derogatory. Other terms include gender diverse, gender expansive, and gender variant.

In the United States, results from the 2008 National Transgender Discrimination Survey suggested that transgender adults may experience more transphobic discrimination after transitioning if they are perceived as non-conforming. In the survey data, trans women were more likely than trans men to be perceived by others as non-conforming. However, the survey was not a nationally representative sample, among other limitations.

## Media

### Public figures

* Joey Soloway, formerly known as Jill Soloway
* Jonathan Van Ness

## Resources

*Here you can place useful resources relevant for the described topic.*

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 PFLAG: "National Glossary of Terms". pflag.org. (Archived on January 25, 2022).
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 The Trans Language Primer: "Gender Non-Conforming (GNC)". *The Trans Language Primer*. (Archived on November 4, 2021).
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 GLAAD: "Glossary of Terms - Transgender". *GLAAD Media Reference Guide - 10th Edition*. (Archived on October 22, 2021).
4. ↑ "The Social Costs of Gender Nonconformity for Transgender Adults: Implications for Discrimination and Health". ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
5. ↑ Freeman, Hadley: "Transparent’s Jill Soloway: ‘The words male and female describe who we used to be’" (21-05-2017). theguardian.com. (Archived on June 9, 2022).
6. ↑ Joey Soloway: "@joeysoloway on Instagram" (26-06-2020). instagram.com. (Archived on October 8, 2021).
7. ↑ Guerrero, Desirée: "Jonathan Van Ness Gets to the Bottom of Being Over the Top" (29-07-2019). advocate.com. Advocate Magazine. "Van Ness admits that even as an adult, “I didn’t really put that together with ‘gender-nonconforming’ or ‘nonbinary’ or owning that as an identity until recently."" (Archived on January 8, 2022).
Sappho

**Sappho** (c. 620 - 570 BCE) was an Ancient Greek teacher and lyrical poet.

## Life

Sappho was born on the Greek island of Lesbos sometime around 620 BCE. It is well-attributed that she came from an aristocratic family, and records suggest that she was the only daughter of four children of Skamandronymous and Cleïs. According to Ovid's *Heriodes*, her father died when she was seven. She is thought to have had one child of her own, named Cleïs after her mother - as was traditional - though some historians speculate, based on Sappho's own poems, that this person may have been a younger lover.

Sappho was incredibly popular at the time and was honored in coinage and pottery long after her death. However, very little of her work has survived, for a myriad of reasons; notably that she wrote in Aeolic Greek, a dialect that Latin translators of the time could not read, and though she was quite prolific, her work has simply been lost over the centuries. New discoveries have been made as recently as 2013, and one contemporary discovery in 2004 completed a fragmented poem for the first time in decades.

## Sexuality

While the terms lesbian and sapphic are both attributed to Sappho and her poems, controversy remains as to her own sexuality. Both hetero- and homosexual (in the contemporary definition) legends of Sappho exist; for example, one story has her married to Kerkylas, a wealthy man from Andros, while a second story ends with her suicide into the sea due to her unrequited love to Phaon, a sailor. Historically, translators have heterosexualized Sappho's poems, and masculinized the objects of her affection; however, contemporary historians generally accept that her poems portray homoerotic feelings.

## Notes

1. ↑ This particular story has been debated as being only for comedic value, as Kerkylas of Andros can be translated as "Penis of Man".

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Mark, Joshua J.: "Sappho of Lesbos" (June 10, 2021). worldhistory.org. World History.
2. ↑ "About Sappho". poets.org. Poets.org.
3. ↑ Carstairs, Irene: "Damn, Girl - Sappho, and her Immortal Daughters" (June 20, 2019). thathistorynerd.com. That History Nerd.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 "Sappho". britannica.com. Encycolpaedia Britannica.
5. ↑ "Sappho". poetryfoundation.org. Poetry Foundation.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 queerstorian: "Sappho" (April 7, 2019). worldqueerstory.org. World Queerstory.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Sappho Biography - Facts, Childhood, Family Life & Achievements". thefamouspeople.com. The Famous people.
8. ↑ Johnson, Margureite: "Guide to the classics: Sappho, a poet in fragments" (February 12, 2018). theconversation.com.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Mendelsohn, Daniel: "How Gay Was Sappho?" (March 9, 2014). newyorker.com. The New Yorker.
Compulsory heterosexuality

**Compulsory heterosexuality**, commonly abbreviated to **comphet**, is a social construct common to Western culture that perpetuates the idea that heterosexuality is the expected norm, along with the forced expectations and assumptions that everyone should be straight. It is harmful to queer individuals, as it promotes the idea that anyone who is not heterosexual is abnormal. The term "compulsory heterosexuality" was popularized by Adrienne Rich's essay “Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence.”

## References

1. ↑ Wynne, Griffin: "Compulsory Heterosexuality: What to Know About the Term "Comphet"" (2021-07-04). cosmopolitan.com. Cosmopolitan.
2. ↑ "ThoughtCo: What Is Compulsory Heterosexuality?". thoughtco.com.
Birth assignment

**Birth assignment**, also called **gender assignment** or **assigned gender at birth** (abbreviated **AGAB**), refers to assigning a gender to an infant based on their designated sex at birth, which is usually based only on the appearance of their external genitalia. Birth assignments are recorded as "sex" on birth certificates with the assumption that an individual's eventual gender identity will match their birth assignment—assigned male at birth (AMAB) or assigned female at birth (AFAB). People whose gender identity aligns with their birth assignment are cisgender; transgender people have a gender identity that differs from their assigned gender at birth. This practice also ignores natural sexual variations, such as various intersex traits, or treats those variations as problems to be "fixed".

## See also

* Cisgender
* Cisnormative
* Endosex
* Gender binary
* Intersex
* Transgender

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 The Trans Language Primer: "Birth Assignment". *The Trans Language Primer*. (Archived on November 1, 2021).
2. ↑ GLAAD: "Glossary of Terms - Transgender". *GLAAD Media Reference Guide - 10th Edition*. (Archived on October 19, 2022).
3. ↑ The Trevor Project: "Understanding Gender Identities" (2021-08-23). thetrevorproject.org. (Archived on November 21, 2021).
4. ↑ interACT: "FAQ: What is intersex?". interactadvocates.org.
Equality Act 2010

The **Equality Act 2010** is a piece of legislation put through the United Kingdom Parliament that applies to the United Kingdom (UK). It is designed to protect people from discrimination in the workplace and in wider society. The legislation covers a variety of discrimination types, who is protected by this law, and what action individuals can take if they have been affected by discrimination.

## History

Before the Equality Act (2010), there were three other acts designed to protect people from discrimination:

* Sex Discrimination Act 1975
* Race Relations Act 1976
* Disability Discrimination Act 1995

If a person felt they were discriminated against before 2010, they would have to do so under the corresponding act they felt applied to their situation.

## Overview

### Protected characteristics

The Equality Act 2010 states that a person cannot be discriminated against based on their protected characteristics, which include:

* Sexual orientation
* Disability
* Race
* Sex
* Religious beliefs
* Gender reassignment
* Marriage and civil partnership
* Pregnancy and maternity
* Age

This is bound in law, meaning if discrimination does occur relating to those areas, that is an offense. With regards to discrimination based on sexual orientation, a person cannot be discriminated against and treated differently based on their sexual orientation.

### Discrimination by association

Discrimination by association refers to a person being discriminated against based on the protected characteristic of someone they are with or someone they know. For example, if an employer will not offer them a job because their father is gay, that is discrimination by association.

### Discrimination by perception

Discrimination by perception refers to a person being discriminated against if someone thinks they are of a certain protected characteristic when they are not. For example, a woman who is heterosexual applies for a place in an all-female hall of residence at university; the accommodation officer refuses to offer her a place, thinking she is a lesbian and will make others feel uncomfortable based on that perception.

## Actions

If a person experienced sexual orientation discrimination on or after October 2010, the Equality Act (2010) applies. There are a few options available:

* Complain to the person and/or organization directly
* Go to someone else to help resolve the issue
* Make a claim in court

For workplace discrimination, guidance recommends initially trying to resolve the situation informally with their employer first, but if unsuccessful, they can contact ACAS, Citizen's Advice, or a trade union representative.

## Resources

* Equality Act 2010 legislation
* Government Equality Act 2010 guidance
* Citizen's Advice
* ACAS

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Equality Act 2010: guidance
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 List of Protected Characteristics
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Citizens Advice - Sexual Orientation Discrimination
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Gov.uk - Discrimination: your rights
A

Disambiguation page for AThe following is a list of links to pages that might share the same title.Please follow one of the disambiguation links below or search to find the page you were looking for if it is not listed. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
The letter **A** in an LGBTQIA+ context is used to represent the following:

* Asexual: a sexual orientation where an individual does not experience sexual attraction
* Aromantic: a romantic orientation where an individual does not experience romantic attraction
* Aroace: an individual that is both aromantic and asexual
* Agender: a gender identity in which an individual has no gender

The prefix "A" is also used for aplatonic, a term used by individuals who do not experience platonic attraction, and a-spec, a term used to encompass both the asexual and aromantic spectrums.