Bruce Springsteen

Template:Redirect
Template:Pp-move-indef
Template:BLP sources

American singer, songwriter, and musicianTemplate:SHORTDESC:American singer, songwriter, and musician[[Category:**Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Pagetype/config' not found.**s with short description]]

Template:Use mdy dates

* Singer
* songwriter
* musician
* Julianne Phillips(m. 1985; div. 1989)
* Patti Scialfa (m. 1991)

* Rock
* folk rock
* heartland rock
* hard rock
* roots rock
* soft rock
* pop rock
* americana
* Vocals
* guitar
* harmonica
* piano
* E Street Band
* Little Steven
* Warren Zevon
* Steel Mill
* Tom Morello
* Miami Horns
* The Sessions Band
* Southside Johnny
* & the Asbury Jukes
* USA for Africa

**Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen** (born September 23, 1949) is an American singer, songwriter, and musician who is both a solo artist and the leader of the E Street Band. He received critical acclaim for his early 1970s albums and attained worldwide fame upon the release of *Born to Run* in 1975. During a career that has spanned five decades, Springsteen has become known for his poetic and socially conscious lyrics and lengthy, energetic stage performances, earning the nickname "The Boss". He has recorded both rock albums and folk-oriented works, and his lyrics often address the experiences and struggles of working-class Americans.

*Born in the U.S.A.* (1984) is Springsteen's most critically acclaimed and commercially successful album, proving him to be one of the most successful rock figures of the 1980s. It was certified 15x Platinum in the US and has sold 30 million copies worldwide, making it one of the best-selling albums of all time. Seven of its singles reached the top 10 of the *Billboard* Hot 100 including the title track, which was a bitter commentary on the treatment of Vietnam veterans — some of whom were Springsteen's friends. Advocating for the rights of the common working-class man, the song made a huge political impact. Springsteen's other best-known songs include "Born to Run" (1975), "Thunder Road" (1975), "Badlands" (1978), "Hungry Heart" (1980), "Dancing in the Dark" (1984), "Glory Days" (1985), "Brilliant Disguise" (1987), "Human Touch" (1992), "Streets of Philadelphia" (1994), and "The Rising" (2002).

Springsteen has sold more than 135 million records worldwide and more than 64 million records in the United States, making him one of the world's best-selling music artists. He has earned numerous awards for his work, including 20 Grammy Awards, two Golden Globes, an Academy Award, and a Tony Award (for *Springsteen on Broadway*). Springsteen was inducted into both the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1999, received the Kennedy Center Honors in 2009, was named MusiCares person of the year in 2013, and was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama in 2016.

## Early life

Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen was born at Monmouth Medical Center in Long Branch, New Jersey, on September 23, 1949. He is of Dutch, Irish, and Italian descent. He spent his childhood in Freehold, New Jersey, where he lived on South Street. His father, Douglas Frederick "Dutch" Springsteen (1924–1998), worked as a bus driver and held other jobs. Douglas Springsteen suffered from mental health issues throughout his life which worsened in his later years. Springsteen's mother, Adele Ann (née Zerilli), was a legal secretary from the Bay Ridge neighborhood in Brooklyn and was the main breadwinner in the family. Springsteen has two younger sisters named Virginia and Pamela. The latter had a brief acting career, but left to pursue photography full-time; she later took photos for his albums *Human Touch*, *Lucky Town*, and *The Ghost of Tom Joad*.

Springsteen's Italian maternal grandfather was born in Vico Equense. He emigrated through Ellis Island, and could not read or write when he arrived. He eventually became a lawyer, and impressed the young Springsteen as being larger than life. Springsteen's last name is topographic and of Dutch origin, literally translating to "jumping stone" but more generally meaning a kind of stone used as a stepping stone in unpaved streets or between two houses. The Springsteens were among the early Dutch families who settled in the colony of New Netherland in the 1600s.

Raised a Catholic, Springsteen attended the St. Rose of Lima Catholic school in Freehold, where he was at odds with the nuns and rejected the strictures imposed upon him, even though some of his later music reflects a Catholic ethos and includes a few rock-influenced, traditional Irish-Catholic hymns. In a 2012 interview, he explained that it was his Catholic upbringing rather than political ideology that most influenced his music. He noted in the interview that his faith had given him a "very active spiritual life" but joked that this "made it very difficult sexually". He added, "Once a Catholic, always a Catholic." He grew up hearing fellow New Jersey singer Frank Sinatra on the radio and became interested in being a musician himself when, in 1956 and 1957, at the age of seven, he saw Elvis Presley on *The Ed Sullivan Show*. Soon after, his mother rented him a guitar from Mike Diehl's Music in Freehold for $6 a week, but it failed to provide him with the instant gratification he desired.

In ninth grade, Springsteen began attending the public Freehold High School, but did not fit in there either. Former teachers have said he was a "loner who wanted nothing more than to play his guitar". He graduated in 1967, but felt like such an outsider that he skipped the ceremony. He briefly attended Ocean County College, but dropped out. Called for conscription in the U.S. Army when he was 19, Springsteen failed the physical examination and did not serve in the Vietnam War. He had suffered a concussion in a motorcycle accident when he was 17, and this, together with his "crazy" behavior at induction, made him unacceptable for service.

## Career

### 1964–1972: Early years

Template:Anchor
Template:Quote box

In 1964, Springsteen saw the Beatles' appearances on the Ed Sullivan Show. Inspired, he bought his first guitar for $18.95 at the Western Auto Appliance Store. Thereafter, he started playing for audiences with a band called the Rogues at local venues such as the Elks Lodge in Freehold.

In late 1964, Springsteen's mother took out a loan to buy him a $60 Kent guitar. Springsteen later memorialized this act in his song "The Wish". The following year, he went to the house of Tex and Marion Vinyard, who sponsored young bands in town. They helped him become the lead guitarist and subsequently one of the lead singers of the Castiles. The Castiles recorded two original songs at a public recording studio in Brick Township and played a variety of venues, including Cafe Wha? in Greenwich Village. Marion Vinyard said that she believed the young Springsteen when he promised he would make it big.

 File:Beach tickets.JPG
In the late 1960s, Springsteen performed briefly in a power trio known as Earth, playing in clubs in New Jersey, with one major show at the Hotel Diplomat in New York City. From 1969 through early 1971, Springsteen performed with Steel Mill (originally called Child), which included Danny Federici, Vini Lopez, Vinnie Roslin, and later Steve Van Zandt and Robbin Thompson. During this time, he performed regularly at venues on the Jersey Shore, in Richmond, Virginia, Nashville, Tennessee, and a set of gigs in California, quickly gathering a cult following. *San Francisco Examiner* music critic Philip Elwood gave Springsteen credibility in his glowing assessment of Steel Mill: "I have never been so overwhelmed by a totally unknown talent." Elwood went on to praise their "cohesive musicality" and, in particular, singled out Springsteen as "a most impressive composer".Template:Citation needed Over the next two years, as Springsteen sought to shape a unique and genuine musical and lyrical style, he performed with Dr. Zoom & the Sonic Boom (early- to mid-1971), the Sundance Blues Band (mid-1971), and the Bruce Springsteen Band (mid-1971 to mid-1972).

Springsteen's prolific songwriting ability (with "more words in some individual songs than other artists had in whole albums", as his future record label would describe it in early publicity campaigns) brought his skills to the attention of several people who were about to change his life: New managers Mike Appel and Jim Cretecos, who in turn brought him to the attention of Columbia Records talent scout John Hammond. Hammond auditioned Springsteen in May 1972.

In October 1972, Springsteen formed a new band for the recording of his debut album, *Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J.* The band eventually became known as the E Street Band, although the name was not used until September 1974. Springsteen acquired the nickname "The Boss" during this period, as he took on the task of collecting his band's nightly pay and distributing it amongst his bandmates. The nickname also reportedly sprang from games of Monopoly that Springsteen would play with other Jersey Shore musicians.

### 1972–1974: Initial struggle for success

Springsteen was signed to Columbia Records in 1972 by Clive Davis, after having initially piqued the interest of John Hammond, who had signed Bob Dylan to the same label a decade earlier. Despite the expectations of Columbia Records' executives that Springsteen would record an acoustic album, he brought many of his New Jersey-based colleagues into the studio with him, thus forming the E Street Band (although it would not be formally named for several months). His debut album *Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J.*, released in January 1973, established him as a critical favorite, though sales were slow.

Because of Springsteen's lyrical poeticism and folk rock-rooted music exemplified on tracks like "Blinded by the Light" and "For You", as well as the Columbia and Hammond connections, critics initially compared Springsteen to Bob Dylan. "He sings with a freshness and urgency I haven't heard since I was rocked by 'Like a Rolling Stone'" wrote *Crawdaddy* magazine editor Peter Knobler in Springsteen's first interview/profile in March 1973. Photographs for that original profile were taken by Ed Gallucci. *Crawdaddy* discovered Springsteen in the rock press and was his earliest champion. Knobler profiled him in *Crawdaddy* three times, in 1973, 1975 and 1978. (Springsteen and the E Street Band acknowledged the magazine's support by giving a private performance at the *Crawdaddy* 10th Anniversary Party in New York City in June 1976.) Music critic Lester Bangs wrote in *Creem* in 1975 that when Springsteen's first album was released "... many of us dismissed it: he wrote like Bob Dylan and Van Morrison, sang like Van Morrison and Robbie Robertson, and led a band that sounded like Van Morrison's".

In September 1973, Springsteen's second album, *The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle*, was released, again to critical acclaim but no commercial success. Springsteen's songs became grander in form and scope, with the E Street Band providing a less folksy, more R&B vibe, and the lyrics often romanticized teenage street life. "4th of July, Asbury Park (Sandy)" and "Incident on 57th Street" would become fan favorites, and the long, rousing "Rosalita (Come Out Tonight)" continues to rank among Springsteen's most beloved concert numbers.Template:Citation needed

In the May 22, 1974, issue of Boston's *The Real Paper* music critic Jon Landau wrote, after seeing a performance at the Harvard Square Theater, "I saw rock and roll future, and its name is Bruce Springsteen. And on a night when I needed to feel young, he made me feel like I was hearing music for the very first time." Landau helped to finish the epic new album *Born to Run* and subsequently became Springsteen's manager and producer. Given an enormous budget in a last-ditch effort at a commercially viable record, Springsteen became bogged down in the recording process while striving for a "Wall of Sound" production. But when his manager, Mike Appel, orchestrated the release of an early mix of "Born to Run" to nearly a dozen radio stations, anticipation built toward the album's release.

The album took more than 14 months to record, with six months spent on the song "Born to Run". During this time, Springsteen battled with anger and frustration over the album, saying he heard "sounds in [his] head" that he could not explain to the others in the studio. It was during a recording session of "Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out", on July 13, 1975, that Steve Van Zandt was asked by Springsteen and Jon Landau to take charge and instruct the horn players. They both knew he was playing guitar and managing Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes, who had the sound they were looking for. Van Zandt "sang each horn player his part, with the lines, the timing and the inflection all perfect. The musicians played their parts, and the horns were recorded. When they'd finished, Springsteen turned to Mike Appel. "Okay," he said. "It's time to put the boy on the payroll. I've been meaning to tell you — he’s the new guitar player." Van Zandt joined the E Street Band a week later on July 20, the opening night of the Born to Run tour. He also helped Springsteen perfect "Born to Run" by adding its memorable guitar line. In the 2005 documentary Wings for Wheels, Springsteen called his friend's input on the track "arguably Steve's greatest contribution to my music."Template:Citation needed

The album was completed on July 25, but at the end of the grueling recording sessions Springsteen was not satisfied, and upon first hearing the finished album, threw it into the alley; another master was so bad that Bruce flung it out of his hotel room window and into a river. He was going to scrap half of it, he told Appel, and substitute live recordings from upcoming dates at The Bottom Line in New York (a place he often played).

### 1975–1983: Breakthrough

On August 13, 1975, Springsteen and the E Street Band began a five-night, 10-show stand at New York's The Bottom Line club. This attracted major media attention and was broadcast live on WNEW-FM. Decades later, *Rolling Stone* magazine would name the stand as one of the 50 Moments That Changed Rock and Roll.

*Born to Run* was released on August 25, 1975. It proved to be a breakthrough album that catapulted Springsteen to worldwide fame. The album peaked at No. 3 on the *Billboard* 200, and while reception at US top 40 radio outlets for the album's two singles was not overwhelming ("Born to Run" reached a modest No. 23 on the *Billboard* charts, and "Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out" peaked at No. 83), almost every track on the album received album-oriented rock airplay, especially "Born to Run", "Thunder Road", "Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out," and "Jungleland", all of which remain perennial favorites on many classic rock stations.Template:Citation needed In October 1975, Springsteen appeared on the covers of both *Newsweek* and *Time* in the same week. So great did the wave of publicity become that he eventually rebelled against it during his first venture overseas, tearing down promotional posters before a concert appearance in London.

 File:Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band 1977.jpg
A legal battle with former manager Mike Appel kept Springsteen out of the studio for nearly a year, during which time he kept the E Street Band together through extensive touring across the U.S. Despite the optimistic fervor with which he often performed, Springsteen's new songs sounded more somber than much of his previous work. Reaching settlement with Appel in 1977, Springsteen returned to the studio, and the subsequent sessions produced *Darkness on the Edge of Town* (1978). Musically, this album was a turning point in Springsteen's career. Gone were the raw, rapid-fire lyrics, outsized characters, and long, multi-part musical compositions of the first three albums; the songs were leaner and more carefully drawn and began to reflect Springsteen's growing intellectual and political awareness. The cross-country 1978 tour to promote the album would become legendary for the intensity and length of its shows.

By the late 1970s, Springsteen had earned a reputation in the pop world as a songwriter whose material could provide hits for other bands. Manfred Mann's Earth Band had achieved a US No. 1 pop hit with a heavily rearranged version of *Greetings*' "Blinded by the Light" in early 1977. Patti Smith reached No. 13 with her take on Springsteen's unreleased "Because the Night" (with revised lyrics by Smith) in 1978, while The Pointer Sisters hit No. 2 in 1979 with Springsteen's also unreleased "Fire". Between 1976–1978, Springsteen provided four compositions to Southside Johnny & the Asbury Jukes, including "The Fever" and "Hearts of Stone", and collaborated on four more with Steven Van Zandt, producer of their first three albums.

In September 1979, Springsteen and the E Street Band joined the Musicians United for Safe Energy anti-nuclear power collective at Madison Square Garden for two nights, playing an abbreviated set while premiering two songs from his upcoming album. The subsequent *No Nukes* live album, as well as the following summer's *No Nukes* documentary film, represented the first official recordings and footage of Springsteen's fabled live act, as well as Springsteen's first tentative dip into political involvement.Template:Citation needed

Springsteen continued to focus on working-class life with the 20-song double album *The River* in 1980, which included an intentionally paradoxical range of material from good-time party rockers to emotionally intense ballads, and finally yielded his first hit Top Ten single as a performer, "Hungry Heart". The album sold well, becoming his first No. 1 on the Billboard Pop Albums chart.

*The River* was followed in 1982 by the stark solo acoustic *Nebraska*. According to the Marsh biographies, Springsteen was depressed when he wrote this material, and the result is a brutal depiction of American life. While *Nebraska* did not sell as well as Springsteen's three previous albums, it garnered widespread critical praise (including being named "Album of the Year" by *Rolling Stone* magazine's critics) and influenced later works by other major artists, including U2's album *The Joshua Tree*.Template:Citation needed

### 1984–1991: Commercial and popular phenomenon

Springsteen is probably best known for his album *Born in the U.S.A.* (1984), which sold 15 million copies in the U.S., 30 million worldwide, and became one of the best-selling albums of all time with seven singles hitting the Top 10. The title track was a bitter commentary on the treatment of Vietnam veterans, some of whom were Springsteen's friends. The lyrics in the verses were entirely unambiguous when listened to, but the anthemic music and the title of the song made it hard for many, from politicians to the common person, to get the lyrics—except those in the chorus, which could be read many ways. The song made a huge political impact, as he was advocating for the rights of the common working-class man.

The song was widely misinterpreted as jingoistic, and in connection with the 1984 presidential campaign became the subject of considerable folklore. In 1984, conservative columnist George Will attended a Springsteen concert and then wrote a column praising Springsteen's work ethic. Six days after the column was printed, in a campaign rally in Hammonton, New Jersey, Reagan said, "America's future rests in a thousand dreams inside your hearts. It rests in the message of hope in the songs of a man so many young Americans admire—New Jersey's own, Bruce Springsteen." Two nights later, at a concert in Pittsburgh, Springsteen told the crowd, "Well, the president was mentioning my name in his speech the other day and I kind of got to wondering what his favorite album of mine must've been, you know? I don't think it was the *Nebraska* album. I don't think he's been listening to this one." He then began playing "Johnny 99", with its allusions to closing factories and criminals.

"Dancing in the Dark" was the biggest of seven hit singles from *Born in the U.S.A.*, peaking at No. 2 on the *Billboard* singles chart. The video for the song showed a young Courteney Cox dancing on stage with Springsteen, which helped start the actress's career. The song "Cover Me" was written by Springsteen for Donna Summer, but his record company persuaded him to keep it for the new album. A big fan of Summer's work, Springsteen wrote another song for her, "Protection". Videos for the album were directed by Brian De Palma and John Sayles. Springsteen played on the "We Are the World" song and album in 1985. His live track "Trapped" from that album received moderate airplay on US Top 40 stations as well as reaching No. 1 on the *Billboard* Top Rock Tracks chart.

 File:Bruce Springsteen 1988.jpg
The *Born in the U.S.A.* period represented the height of Springsteen's visibility in popular culture and the broadest audience he would ever reach (aided by the release of Arthur Baker's dance mixes of three of the singles). From June 15 to August 10, 1985, all seven of his albums appeared on the UK Albums Chart: the first time an artist had charted their entire back catalogue simultaneously.

*Live/1975–85*, a five-record box set (also on three cassettes or three CDs), was released near the end of 1986 and became the first box set to debut at No. 1 on the U.S. album charts. It is one of the most commercially successful live albums of all time, ultimately selling 13 million units in the U.S. During the 1980s, several Springsteen fanzines were launched, including *Backstreets* magazine.Template:Citation needed

Springsteen released the much more sedate and contemplative *Tunnel of Love* album in 1987. The album is a mature reflection on the many faces of love found, lost and squandered, which only selectively used the E Street Band.Template:Citation needed

 File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1988-0719-38, Bruce Springsteen, Konzert in der DDR.jpg
On July 19, 1988, Springsteen held a concert in East Germany that attracted 300,000 spectators. Journalist Erik Kirschbaum has called the concert "the most important rock concert ever, anywhere", in his 2013 book *Rocking the Wall. Bruce Springsteen: The Berlin Concert That Changed the World*. It had been conceived by the Socialist Unity Party's youth wing in an attempt to placate the youth of East Germany, who were hungry for more freedom and the popular music of the West. However, it is Kirschbaum's opinion that the success of the concert catalyzed opposition to the regime in the DDR, and helped contribute to the fall of the Berlin Wall the following year.

Later in 1988, Springsteen headlined the worldwide Human Rights Now! tour for Amnesty International. In late 1989, he dissolved the E Street Band.

### 1992–1998: Ups, downs, and soundtracks

In 1992, after risking fan accusations of "going Hollywood" by moving to Los Angeles and working with session musicians, Springsteen released two albums at once: *Human Touch* and *Lucky Town*.Template:Citation needed

An electric band appearance on the acoustic *MTV Unplugged* television program (later released as *In Concert/MTV Plugged*) was poorly received and cemented fan dissatisfaction.Template:Citation needed Springsteen seemed to realize this a few years hence when he spoke humorously of his late father during his Rock and Roll Hall of Fame acceptance speech:

> I've gotta thank him because—what would I conceivably have written about without him? I mean, you can imagine that if everything had gone great between us, we would have had disaster. I would have written just happy songs—and I tried it in the early '90s and it didn't work; the public didn't like it.
>
>

Springsteen won an Academy Award in 1994 for his song "Streets of Philadelphia", which appeared on the soundtrack to the film *Philadelphia*. The video for the song shows Springsteen's actual vocal performance, recorded using a hidden microphone, to a prerecorded instrumental track. This technique was developed on the "Brilliant Disguise" video.Template:Citation needed

In 1995, after temporarily re-organizing the E Street Band for a few new songs recorded for his first *Greatest Hits* album (a recording session that was chronicled in the documentary *Blood Brothers*), and also one show at Tramps in New York City,Template:Citation needed he released his second folk album, *The Ghost of Tom Joad*. The album was inspired by John Steinbeck's *The Grapes of Wrath* and by *Journey to Nowhere: The Saga of the New Underclass*, a book by Pulitzer Prize-winning author Dale Maharidge and photographer Michael Williamson. The album was generally less well-received than the similar *Nebraska* due to the minimal melody, twangy vocals, and political nature of most of the songs; however, some praised it for giving voice to immigrants and others who rarely have one in American culture. The lengthy, worldwide, small-venue solo acoustic Ghost of Tom Joad Tour that followed successfully presented many of his older songs in drastically reshaped acoustic form, although Springsteen had to explicitly remind his audiences to be quiet and not to clap during the performances.Template:Citation needed

Following the tour, Springsteen moved from California back to New Jersey with his family. In 1998, he released the sprawling, four-disc box set of outtakes, *Tracks*. Later, he would acknowledge that the 1990s were a "lost period" for him: "I didn't do a lot of work. Some people would say I didn't do my best work."

### 1999–2007: Return to success

 File:RisingTourGiantsStadiumLot.jpg
Springsteen was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1999 by Bono (the lead singer of U2), a favor he returned in 2005.

In 1999, Springsteen and the E Street Band reunited and began their extensive Reunion Tour, which lasted over a year. Highlights included a record sold-out, 15-show run at Continental Airlines Arena in East Rutherford, New Jersey and a ten-night, sold-out engagement at New York City's Madison Square Garden. A new song, "American Skin (41 Shots)", about the police shooting of Amadou Diallo, which was played at these shows proved controversial.Template:Citation needed

In 2002, Springsteen released his first studio effort with the full band in 18 years, *The Rising*, produced by Brendan O'Brien. The album, mostly a reflection on the September 11 attacks, was a critical and popular success. The title track gained airplay in several radio formats, and the record became Springsteen's best-selling album of new material in 15 years. Kicked off by an early-morning Asbury Park appearance on *The Today Show*, The Rising Tour commenced; the band barnstormed through a series of single-night arena stands in the U.S. and Europe. Springsteen played an unprecedented 10 nights in Giants Stadium in New Jersey. At the 45th Annual Grammy Awards, *The Rising* won the Grammy for Best Rock Album and was nominated for the Grammy for Album of the Year. In addition, "The Rising" won the Grammy for Best Rock Song and for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance. It was also nominated for the Grammy Award for Song of the Year. *Rolling Stone* later named "The Rising" the 35th best song of the decade. VH1 placed it 81st on its list of the "100 Greatest Songs of the '00s".

At the Grammy Awards of 2003, Springsteen performed The Clash's "London Calling" along with Elvis Costello, Dave Grohl, and E Street Band member Steven Van Zandt and No Doubt's bassist, Tony Kanal, in tribute to Joe Strummer.Template:Citation needed In 2004, Springsteen and the E Street Band participated in the Vote for Change tour, along with John Mellencamp, John Fogerty, the Dixie Chicks, Pearl Jam, R.E.M., Bright Eyes, the Dave Matthews Band, Jackson Browne, and other musicians.

 File:Bruce Springsteen 2005.jpg
*Devils & Dust* was released on April 26, 2005, and was recorded without the E Street Band. It is a low-key, mostly acoustic album, in the same vein as *Nebraska* and *The Ghost of Tom Joad*. Some of the material was written almost 10 years earlier during, or shortly after, the Ghost of Tom Joad Tour, with a few having been performed then but not released. The title track concerns an ordinary soldier's feelings and fears during the Iraq War. The album entered the charts at No. 1 in 10 countries. Springsteen began the solo Devils & Dust Tour at the same time as the album's release, playing both small and large venues. Attendance was disappointing in a few regions, and everywhere (other than in Europe) tickets were easier to get than in the past.Template:Citation needed

 File:Bruce Springsteen Milan 2006 05 12.jpg
In April 2006, Springsteen released *We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions*, an American roots music project focused around a big folk sound treatment of 15 songs popularized by the radical musical activism of Pete Seeger. A tour began the same month, with the 18-strong ensemble of musicians dubbed The Seeger Sessions Band (and later shortened to The Sessions Band). The tour proved very popular in Europe, selling out everywhere and receiving some excellent reviews, but newspapers reported that a number of U.S. shows suffered from sparse attendance.

Springsteen's next album, entitled *Magic*, was released on October 2, 2007. Recorded with the E Street Band, it had 10 new Springsteen songs plus "Long Walk Home", performed once with the Sessions band, and a hidden track (the first included on a Springsteen studio release), "Terry's Song", a tribute to Springsteen's long-time assistant Terry Magovern, who died on July 30, 2007. *Magic* debuted at No. 1 in Ireland and the UK.Template:Citation needed

It was announced on November 21, 2007, that Springsteen's longtime friend and founding E Street Band member, Danny Federici, would be taking a leave of absence from the *Magic Tour* to pursue treatment for melanoma. Charles Giordano filled in as Federici's replacement.Template:Citation needed

### 2008–2011: Transitions

Template:Multiple image

Federici returned to the stage on March 20, 2008, for a Springsteen and E Street Band performance in Indianapolis. On April 17, 2008, Federici died of cancer.

Springsteen supported Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign. He gave solo acoustic performances in support of Obama's campaign throughout 2008, culminating with a November 2 rally at which he debuted the song "Working on a Dream" in a duet with Scialfa. Following Obama's electoral victory on November 4, Springsteen's song "The Rising" was the first song played over the loudspeakers after Obama's victory speech in Chicago's Grant Park. Springsteen was the musical opener for the Obama Inaugural Celebration on January 18, 2009, which was attended by over 400,000 people. He performed "The Rising" with an all-female choir. Later he performed Woody Guthrie's "This Land Is Your Land" with Pete Seeger.

On January 11, 2009, Springsteen won the Golden Globe Award for Best Song for "The Wrestler", from the Darren Aronofsky film by the same name. After receiving a heartfelt letter from lead actor Mickey Rourke, Springsteen supplied the song for the film for free.

 File:Super bowl half time show (3976043491) (cropped1).jpg
Springsteen performed at the halftime show at Super Bowl XLIII on February 1, 2009, agreeing to perform after having declined on prior occasions. A few days before the game, Springsteen gave a rare press conference at which he promised a "twelve-minute party." It has been reported that this press conference was Springsteen's first press conference in more than 25 years. His 12-minute 45-second set, with the E Street Band and the Miami Horns, included abbreviated renditions of "Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out", "Born to Run", "Working on a Dream", and "Glory Days", the latter complete with football references in place of the original baseball-themed lyrics. The set of appearances and promotional activities led Springsteen to say, "This has probably been the busiest month of my life."

Springsteen's *Working on a Dream* album, dedicated to the memory of Danny Federici, was released in late January 2009. The supporting Working on a Dream Tour ran from April 2009 until November 2009. The band performed five final shows at Giants Stadium, opening with a new song highlighting the historic stadium, and Springsteen's Jersey roots, named "Wrecking Ball". A DVD from the Working on a Dream Tour entitled *London Calling: Live in Hyde Park* was released in 2010.

 File:American Land ESB Fireworks Giants 100309.jpg
Springsteen received the Kennedy Center Honors on December 6, 2009. President Obama gave a speech in which he asserted that Springsteen had incorporated the lives of regular Americans into his expansive palette of songs. Obama added that Springsteen's concerts were not just rock-and-roll concerts, but "communions". The event included musical tributes from Melissa Etheridge, Ben Harper, John Mellencamp, Jennifer Nettles, Sting, and Eddie Vedder.

The 2000s ended with Springsteen named one of eight Artists of the Decade by *Rolling Stone* magazine and with Springsteen's tours ranking him fourth among artists in total concert grosses for the decade.

Clarence Clemons, the E Street Band's saxophonist and founding member, died on June 18, 2011, of complications from a stroke.

### 2012–present: Autobiography and Broadway show

 File:Bruce Springsteen 20080815.jpg
Springsteen's 17th studio album, *Wrecking Ball*, was released on March 6, 2012. The album consists of eleven tracks plus two bonus tracks. Three songs previously only available as live versions—"Wrecking Ball", "Land of Hope and Dreams", and "American Land"—appear on the album. *Wrecking Ball* became Springsteen's tenth No. 1 album in the United States, tying him with Elvis Presley for third most No. 1 albums of all-time. Only the Beatles (19) and Jay Z (12) have more No. 1 albums.

Following the release of the album, Springsteen and the E Street Band announced plans for the Wrecking Ball Tour, which began on March 18, 2012. On July 31, 2012, in Helsinki, Finland, Springsteen performed his longest concert ever at 4 hours and 6 minutes and 33 songs.

Springsteen campaigned for President Barack Obama's re-election in Ohio, Iowa, Virginia, Pittsburgh, and Wisconsin. At the rallies, he briefly spoke to the audience and performed a short acoustic set that included a newly written song titled "Forward".

At year's end, the Wrecking Ball Tour was named *Top Draw* for having the top attendance out of any tour by the Billboard Touring Awards. The tour finished second to Roger Waters, who had the top-grossing tour of 2012. Springsteen finished second only to Madonna as the top money maker of 2012 with $33.44 million. The *Wrecking Ball* album, along with the single "We Take Care of Our Own", was nominated for three Grammy Awards, including Best Rock Performance and Best Rock Song for "We Take Care of Our Own" and Best Rock Album. *Rolling Stone* named *Wrecking Ball* the number one album of 2012 on their Top 50 albums of 2012 list.

In late July 2013, the documentary *Springsteen & I*, directed by Baillie Walsh and produced by Ridley Scott, was released simultaneously via a worldwide cinema broadcast in over 50 countries and in over 2000 movie theaters.

Springsteen released his eighteenth studio album, *High Hopes*, on January 14, 2014. The first single and video were of a newly recorded version of the song "High Hopes", which Springsteen had previously recorded in 1995. The album was the first by Springsteen in which all songs are either cover songs, newly recorded outtakes from previous records, or newly recorded versions of songs previously released. The 2014 E Street Band touring lineup, along with deceased E Street Band members Clarence Clemons and Danny Federici, appear on the album. *High Hopes* became Springsteen's eleventh No. 1 album in the US. It was his tenth No. 1 in the UK, tying him for fifth all-time The Rolling Stones and U2. *Rolling Stone* named *High Hopes* the second best album of the year (behind only U2's *Songs of Innocence*) on their Top 50 Albums of 2014 list.

Springsteen made his acting debut in the final episode of Season 3 of Van Zandt's show *Lilyhammer*, which was named "Loose Ends" after a Springsteen song on the *Tracks* album.Template:Citation needed

On August 6, 2015, Springsteen performed "Land of Hope and Dreams" and "Born to Run" on the final episode of *The Daily Show with Jon Stewart*, as Stewart's final 'Moment of Zen'. On October 16, to celebrate the 35th anniversary of *The River*, Springsteen announced *The Ties That Bind: The River Collection* box set. Released on December 4, it contains four CDs (including many previously unreleased songs) and three DVDs (or Blu-ray) along with a 148-page coffee table book. In November 2015, "American Skin (41 Shots)" was performed with John Legend at *Shining a Light: A Concert for Progress on Race in America*.Template:Citation needed

Springsteen made his first appearance on *Saturday Night Live* since 2002 on December 19, 2015, performing "Meet Me in the City", "The Ties That Bind", and "Santa Claus Is Coming to Town".

*The River Tour 2016* began in January 2016 in support of *The Ties That Bind: The River Collection* box set. All first-leg shows in North America included an in-sequence performance of the entire *The River* album along with other songs from Springsteen's catalog, and all dates were recorded and made available for purchase. In April 2016, Springsteen was one of the first artists to boycott North Carolina's anti-transgender bathroom bill. More dates were eventually announced expanding the original three-month tour into a seven-month tour with shows in Europe in May 2016 and another North American leg starting in August 2016 and ending the following month. As of July 2016[update]Template:Dated maintenance category, *The River 2016 Tour* has been the highest grossing worldwide tour with 1.1 million tickets sold and over $135 million in box office revenue, according to *Billboard* Boxscore's mid-year report.Template:Citation needed

On September 23, 2016, *Chapter and Verse*, a compilation from throughout Springsteen's career dating back to 1966, was released. On September 27, 2016, Simon & Schuster published his 500-page autobiography, *Born to Run*. The book rose quickly to the top of the *NY Times* Best Sellers List.

 File:Bruce Springsteen Presidential Medal of Freedom.jpg
On September 7, 2016, at Citizens Bank Park in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Springsteen performed for 4 hours and 4 minutes. This show, which was part of *The River 2016 Tour*, stands as his longest-ever show in the United States. *The River 2016 Tour* was the top-grossing worldwide tour of 2016; it pulled in $268.3 million globally and was the highest-grossing tour since 2014 for any artist topping Taylor Swift's 2015 tour which grossed $250.1 million.

Springsteen supported Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign by performing an acoustic set of "Thunder Road", "Long Walk Home" and "Dancing in the Dark" at a rally in Philadelphia on November 7, 2016. On November 22, 2016, Springsteen was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom award by Barack Obama. On January 12, 2017, Springsteen and Patti Scialfa performed a special 15-song acoustic set for President Barack Obama and Michelle Obama at the White House's East Room two days before the president gave his farewell address to the nation.

*Springsteen on Broadway*, an eight-week run at the Walter Kerr Theatre on Broadway in New York City in fall 2017, was announced in June 2017. The show included Springsteen reading excerpts from his 2016 autobiography *Born to Run* and performing other spoken reminiscences. Originally scheduled to run from October 12 through November 26, the show was extended three times; the last performance occurred on December 15, 2018. For Springsteen's production of Springsteen on Broadway, he was honored with a special award at the 2018 Tony Awards.

On December 14, 2018, the live album *Springsteen on Broadway* was released. The album reached the top 10 in more than 10 countries and no. 11 in the United States.

Springsteen's nineteenth studio album, *Western Stars*, was released on June 14, 2019.

It was announced on July 23, 2019 that Springsteen would premiere his film, *Western Stars*, at the Toronto Film Festival in September 2019. Springsteen co-directed the film along with longtime collaborator Thom Zimny. The film features Springsteen and his backing band performing the music from the *Western Stars* album to a live audience. The film was released in theaters on October 25, 2019 and the film's soundtrack, *Western Stars – Songs from the Film*, was also released that day.

 File:Kennedy Center honorees 2009 WhiteHouse Photo.jpg
Despite comments from Springsteen in late 2019 about a potential new album and tour with the E Street Band in 2020, on February 12, 2020, Steven Van Zandt cast some doubt over a 2020 tour saying "Let’s just say I thought I was going to be busier than I am. So at the moment, 2020 seems to have opened up.” Max Weinberg also said he planned on touring with his own band from April through December 2020.

## Lyrical themes

Template:Quote box

Springsteen has been called a "rock 'n' roll poet" who "radiated working-class authenticity". Often described as cinematic in their scope, Springsteen's lyrics frequently explore highly personal themes such as individual commitment, dissatisfaction and dismay with life in a context of everyday situations. Springsteen's themes include social and political commentary and are rooted in the struggles faced by his own family of origin.

It has been recognizedTemplate:By whom that there was a shift in Springsteen's lyrical approach starting with the album *Darkness on the Edge of Town*, in which he focused on the emotional struggles of working class life.

## Personal life

 File:Springsteen playing in Sunderland, June 2012.jpg
While rejecting religion in his earlier years, Springsteen stated in his autobiography *Born to Run*, "I have a personal relationship with Jesus. I believe in his power to save, love [...] but not to damn." In terms of his lapsed Catholicism, he has stated that he "came to ruefully and bemusedly understand that once you're a Catholic you're always a Catholic". He elaborated, "I don't participate in my religion but I know somewhere... deep inside... I'm still on the team."

Springsteen has spoken openly about his struggles with depression, which he accepted and began to face in his 30s. Around this time, frustrated with being an underweight "fast food junkie" who would have to be helped off the stage after a show due to poor conditioning, he began running up to six miles on a treadmill and lifting weights three times a week; in September 2019, an article celebrating his 70th birthday revealed that he has maintained this same workout routine since he began following it. He has also reportedly followed a mostly vegetarian diet since around the same time, and has been noted for his lifelong avoidance of hard drugs.

In a June 2017 interview with Tom Hanks, Springsteen admitted to having been a tax evader early in his career.

### Relationships

Springsteen dated actress Joyce Hyser for four years in the early 1980s. Previously, he had dated photographer Lynn Goldsmith and model Karen Darvin. In the early 1980s, he met Patti Scialfa at The Stone Pony bar in New Jersey, the evening she was performing alongside his friend Bobby Bandiera, with whom she had written "At Least We Got Shoes" for Southside Johnny. Springsteen liked her voice, and after the performance he introduced himself to her. They soon started spending time together and became friends.

Early in 1984 Springsteen asked Scialfa to join the E Street Band for the upcoming Born in the U.S.A. Tour. According to the book *Bruce Springsteen on Tour 1969–2005* by Dave Marsh, they seemed about to become a couple through the first leg of the tour,Template:Citation needed until Barry Bell introduced actress Julianne Phillips to Springsteen and they were married shortly after midnight on May 13, 1985 at Our Lady of the Lake Catholic Church in Lake Oswego, Oregon. Opposites in background, the two had an 11-year age difference, and Springsteen's traveling took its toll on their relationship. Many of the songs on *Tunnel of Love* described the unhappiness he felt in his relationship with Phillips.Template:Citation needed

The Tunnel of Love Express Tour began in late February 1988 and Springsteen convinced Scialfa to rejoin the tour. She expressed reluctance at first because she wanted to start recording her first solo album, but when he told her the tour would be short, she agreed to postpone her own solo record and join the tour. Phillips and Springsteen separated in the spring of 1988, but the separation was not made public.Template:Citation needed Springsteen and Scialfa fell in love during the Tunnel of Love Express TourTemplate:Citation needed and started living together soon after his separation from Phillips. Citing irreconcilable differences, Phillips filed for divorce in Los Angeles on August 30, 1988 and a settlement was reached in December and finalized on March 1, 1989.

Springsteen received press criticism for the haste in which he and Scialfa started their relationship. In a 1995 interview with *The Advocate*, he told Judy Wieder about the negative publicity the couple subsequently received: "It's a strange society that assumes it has the right to tell people whom they should love and whom they shouldn't. But the truth is, I basically ignored the entire thing as much as I could. I said, 'Well, all I know is, this feels real, and maybe I have got a mess going here in some fashion, but that's life.'" Years later, he reflected, "'I didn't protect Juli... some sort of public announcement would have been fair, but I felt overly concerned about my own privacy. I handled it badly, and I still feel badly about it. It was cruel for people to find out the way they did.'"

Springsteen and Scialfa lived in New Jersey before moving to Los Angeles, where they decided to start a family. On July 25, 1990, Scialfa gave birth to the couple's first child, Evan James Springsteen. On June 8, 1991, Springsteen and Scialfa married at their Los Angeles home in a very private ceremony, only attended by family and close friends. Their second child, Jessica Rae Springsteen, was born on December 30, 1991. Their third child, Samuel Ryan Springsteen, was born on January 5, 1994. In a 1995 interview, Springsteen said, "I went through a divorce, and it was really difficult and painful and I was very frightened about getting married again. So part of me said, 'Hey, what does it matter?' But it does matter. It's very different than just living together. First of all, stepping up publicly—which is what you do: You get your license, you do all the social rituals—is a part of your place in society and in some way part of society's acceptance of you ... Patti and I both found that it did mean something."

When their children reached school age in the 1990s, Springsteen and Scialfa moved back to New Jersey to raise them away from paparazzi. The family owns and lives on a horse farm in Colts Neck Township and a home in Rumson; they also own homes in Los Angeles and Wellington, Florida. Evan graduated from Boston College; he writes and performs his own songs and won the 2012 Singer/Songwriter Competition held during the Boston College's Arts Festival. Jessica is a nationally ranked champion equestrian, and graduated from Duke University. She made her show-jumping debut with the Team USA in August 2014. Sam is a Jersey City firefighter.

## Politics

 File:20081102Bruce Springsteen and family greet Barack Obama and family.JPG
Springsteen supported Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign, announcing his endorsement in April 2008. He appeared at several rallies in support of Obama's campaign throughout 2008. At an Ohio rally, Springsteen discussed the importance of "truth, transparency and integrity in government, the right of every American to have a job, a living wage, to be educated in a decent school, and a life filled with the dignity of work, the promise and the sanctity of home ..." Despite saying he that would sit out the 2012 presidential election, Springsteen campaigned for President Obama's re-election in Ohio, Iowa, Virginia, Pittsburgh, and Wisconsin.

Springsteen is an activist for LGBT rights and has spoken out many times as a strong supporter of gay marriage. In an April 1996 interview with *The Advocate* he spoke of the importance of gay marriage: "You get your license, you do all the social rituals. It's part of your place in society, and in some way part of society's acceptance of you." In 2009, he posted the following statement on his website: "I've long believed in and have always spoken out for the rights of same sex couples and fully agree with Governor Corzine when he writes that 'The marriage-equality issue should be recognized for what it truly is—a civil rights issue that must be approved to assure that every citizen is treated equally under the law.'" In 2012, he lent his support to an ad campaign for gay marriage called "The Four 2012". Springsteen noted in the ad, "I couldn't agree more with that statement and urge those who support equal treatment for our gay and lesbian brothers and sisters to let their voices be heard now." In April 2016, Springsteen cancelled a show in Greensboro, North Carolina days before it was to take place to protest the state's newly passed Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act, also referred to as the "bathroom law", which dictates which restrooms transgender people are permitted to use and prevents LGBT citizens from suing over human rights violations in the workplace. Springsteen released an official statement on his website. The Human Rights Campaign (HRC) celebrated Springsteen's statement and he has received much praise and gratitude from the LGBT community.

During a 2017 show in Perth, Springsteen made a statement celebrating the post-inauguration Women's March against the incoming Trump administration in cities worldwide: "We're a long way from home, and our hearts and spirits are with the hundreds of thousands of women and men that marched yesterday in every city in America, and in Melbourne ...[They] rallied against hate and division and in support of tolerance, inclusion, reproductive rights, civil rights, racial justice, LGBTQ rights, the environment, wage equality, gender equality, healthcare, and immigrant rights. We stand with you. We are the new American resistance."

## Discography

*Main article: Bruce Springsteen discography*
* *Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J.* (1973)
* *The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle* (1973)
* *Born to Run* (1975)
* *Darkness on the Edge of Town* (1978)
* *The River* (1980)
* *Nebraska* (1982)
* *Born in the U.S.A.* (1984)
* *Live 1975–85* (1986)
* *Tunnel of Love* (1987)
* *Human Touch* (1992)
* *Lucky Town* (1992)
* *The Ghost of Tom Joad* (1995)
* *The Rising* (2002)
* *Devils & Dust* (2005)
* *We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions* (2006)
* *Magic* (2007)
* *Working on a Dream* (2009)
* *Wrecking Ball* (2012)
* *High Hopes* (2014)
* *Western Stars* (2019)

## Concert tours

Springsteen has developed a reputation for energetic and long-lasting live performances.

**Headlining tours**

* Born to Run tours (1974–1977)
* Darkness Tour (1978–1979)
* The River Tour (1980–1981)
* Born in the U.S.A. Tour (1984–1985)
* Tunnel of Love Express Tour (1988)
* Bruce Springsteen 1992–1993 World Tour (1992–1993)
* Ghost of Tom Joad Tour (1995–1997)
* Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band Reunion Tour (1999–2000)
* The Rising Tour (2002–2003)
* Devils & Dust Tour (2005)
* Bruce Springsteen with The Seeger Sessions Band Tour (2006)
* Magic Tour (2007–2008)
* Working on a Dream Tour (2009)
* Wrecking Ball World Tour (2012–2013)
* High Hopes Tour (2014)
* The River Tour 2016 (2016–2017)
* Springsteen on Broadway (2017–2018)

**Co-headlining tours**

* Human Rights Now! (1988)
* Vote for Change (2004)

## Achievements, awards, and nominations

Springsteen has sold more than 135 million records worldwide and more than 64 million records in the United States, making him one of the world's best-selling artists.

### Academy Awards

Template:Award table
Template:End

### American Music Awards

Template:Award table
Template:End

### Audie Awards

Template:Award table
Template:End

### Brit Awards

Template:Award table
Template:End

### Emmy Awards

Template:Award table
Template:End

### Golden Globe Awards

Template:Award table
Template:End

### Grammy Awards

Springsteen has won 20 Grammy Awards out of 50 nominations.

Note: "We Are the World" (which featured Bruce Springsteen as a vocalist) also won Song of the Year, Record of the Year, Best Music Video, Short Form, and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal in 1986. Song of the Year is credited to the songwriters and not the performer, The song was written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie. Record of the Year and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group were presented to the producer in 1986, the song was produced by Quincy Jones. Best Music Video, Short Form is presented to the director and producer, Tom Trbovich directed the video while Quincy Jones served as producer.

### Juno Awards

Template:Award table
Template:End

### Grammy Hall of Fame

Template:Award table
Template:End

### MTV Video Music Awards

Template:Award table
Template:End

### Tony Awards

Template:Award table
Template:End

### Other recognition

* Polar Music Prize in 1997
* Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, 1999
* Inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame, 1999
* Inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame, 2007
* "Born to Run" named "The unofficial youth anthem of New Jersey" by the New Jersey state legislature; something Springsteen always found to be ironic, considering that the song "is about leaving New Jersey"
* The minor planet 23990, discovered September 4, 1999, by I. P. Griffin at Auckland, New Zealand, was named in his honor.
* Ranked No. 23 on *Rolling Stone* magazine's 2004 list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time
* Made *Time* magazine's 100 Most Influential People of the Year 2008 list
* Won Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Song with "The Wrestler" in 2009
* 2009 Kennedy Center Honors recipient
* *Forbes* magazine ranked him 6th in The Celebrity 100 in 2009
* Named 2013 MusiCares Person of the Year
* 2016 Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient
* Springsteen was the guest on BBC Radio 4's *Desert Island Discs* on December 18, 2016, talking about his childhood, family, mental health and his musical influences and development
* Monmouth University has held academic symposia in 2005, 2009, 2012, 2018 and 2020 (scheduled), in which scholars present on Springsteen's work, and the university houses the Bruce Springsteen Archives and Center for American Music.

## See also

Template:Wikipedia books

* List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. Mainstream Rock chart
* List of best-selling music artists
* List of highest-grossing concert tours
* Music of New Jersey

## Notes

1. ↑ "Blinded by the Light" would later be a hit for Manfred Mann and reach No. 1, the only time Springsteen had a No. 1 single as a songwriter.

## References

1. ↑ "In a Culture War Over the Military, Bruce Springsteen Stands Alone".
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "How Ronald Reagan Changed Bruce Springsteen's Politics". Archived from the original on December 20, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151220020008/http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2014/06/bruce-springsteen-ronald-reagan-107448. Retrieved December 14, 2015.
3. ↑ Template:Cite book
4. ↑ Flynn, Fiona. "9 things you may not have known about Bruce Springsteen". https://entertainment.ie/music/9-things-you-may-not-have-known-about-bruce-springsteen-258657. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Andy Green, Bruce Springsteen’s Enthralling New Memoir: 10 Things We Learned, Rolling Stone, September 27, 2016
6. ↑ https://youtube.com/JujARMOYFHI
7. ↑ "Italian American Contributions". National Italian American Foundation. Archived from the original on May 20, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130520214950/https://www.niaf.org/research/contribution.asp. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
8. ↑ "Pamela Springsteen | Credits". https://www.allmusic.com/artist/pamela-springsteen-mn0001801733/credits.
9. ↑ King, Carol (June 5, 2013). "Bruce Springsteen Falls In Love With Chocolate Guitar From Sicily". http://www.italymagazine.com/news/bruce-springsteen-falls-love-chocolate-guitar-sicily. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
10. ↑ Bruce Springsteen accepts Ellis Island award with mother and aunts. Video. Published July 16, 2014. Accessed May 1, 2019.
11. ↑ "Celebrity Baby Names: Paul Stanley – Family Education". Archived from the original on March 9, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160309130003/http://baby-names.familyeducation.com/celebrities/s/484.
12. ↑ Luongo, Michael (November 21, 2019). "My Hometown: exploring Bruce Springsteen’s New Jersey roots". https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2019/nov/21/freehold-new-jersey-us-bruce-springsteen-hometown-tours.
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 *Glory Days: Bruce Springsteen in the 1980s.* Dave Marsh, 1987, pg. 88–89.
14. ↑ Editors, "Boss Talk," *The Tablet,* February 25, 2012.
15. ↑ Springsteen: Saint In The City: 1949–1974 by Craig Statham. Soundcheck Books, 2013, pp8-9. Template:ISBN.
16. ↑ *Springsteen*. Robert Hilburn, 1985, p. 28.
17. ↑ Loder, Kurt (December 6, 1984). "The Rolling Stone Interview: Bruce Springsteen". *Rolling Stone*. Archived from the original on April 21, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090421085029/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/coverstory/5933449. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
18. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Crandall`
19. ↑ Springsteen: Saint In The City: 1949–1974 by Craig Statham. Soundcheck Books, 2013, pp12-13. Template:ISBN.
20. ↑ Template:Cite book
21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Template:Cite book
22. ↑ "Musicians' best friends to be honored in Freehold". *News Transcript*. New Jersey. April 17, 2002. Archived from the original on February 23, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090223191210/http://newstranscript.gmnews.com/news/2002/0417/Front\_page/003.html. Retrieved June 9, 2012.
23. ↑ "The Boss Growing Up in Richmond", *The Commonwealth Times* (April 29, 1986). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015.
24. ↑ Santelli, R. *Greetings from E Street* (book)
25. ↑ Lifton, Dave. "Revisiting Bruce Springsteen's Columbia Records Audition". https://ultimateclassicrock.com/bruce-springsteen-auditioned-for-columbia-records-40-years-ago-this-month/.
26. ↑ Fricke, David (January 21, 2009). "The Band on Bruce: Their Springsteen", *Rolling Stone*. Retrieved on February 7, 2009. Archived from the original on January 25, 2009.
27. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen Bands: from Rogues to E Street Band, passing from Castiles and Steel Mill". brucespringsteen.it. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193948/http://www.brucespringsteen.it/e\_streetx.htm.
28. ↑ Brett, Oliver (January 15, 2009). "What's in a nickname?", *BBC News*. Retrieved on January 21, 2009. Archived from the original on January 18, 2009.
29. ↑ "Review: Bruce Springsteen rocks like a boss in Vancouver", *Vancouver Sun* (November 29, 2012). Retrieved on September 7, 2014. Archived from the original on August 30, 2017.
30. ↑ Bangs, Lester (July 5, 1973). "Greetings From Asbury Park, NJ". *Rolling Stone*. Archived from the original on September 19, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080919090512/http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/107193/greetings\_from\_asbury\_park\_nj. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
31. ↑ "Ed Gallucci Photography". Ed Gallucci Photography. Archived from the original on January 11, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140111052624/http://www.edgallucciphotography.com/. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
32. ↑ "*Glory Days: A Bruce Springsteen Symposium*. Monmouth University". Usi.edu. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402155345/http://www.usi.edu/glory-days/agenda-events. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
33. ↑ "History of *Crawdaddy*". crawdaddy.com. August 2, 2009. Archived from the original on August 5, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090805210655/http://beatpatrol.wordpress.com/2009/08/02/peter-knobler-crawdaddy-2008/. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
34. ↑ Rockwell, John (May 9, 1976). "*Crawdaddy* Party Mirrors Magazine", *The New York Times*. Retrieved on March 21, 2010. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012.
35. ↑ Bangs, Lester (November 1975). "Hot Rod Rumble in the Promised Land". *Creem*. Archived from the original on August 4, 2002. https://web.archive.org/web/20020804133139/http://home.theboots.net/theboots/articles/bangs\_btr\_review.html. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
36. ↑ Landau, Jon (May 22, 1974). "Growing Young With Rock and Roll", *The Real Paper*. Retrieved on March 21, 2010. Archived from the original on January 16, 2010.
37. ↑ Template:Cite book
38. ↑ Template:Cite book
39. ↑ "Wings For Wheels 2005". Sony. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OaMgOYCeOBg. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
40. ↑ Template:Cite book
41. ↑ "The Moments". *Rolling Stone*. June 24, 2004. Archived from the original on December 4, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20071204181514/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/6085455/the\_moments/.
42. ↑ "How Bruce Springsteen Made 'Born To Run' an American Masterpiece". August 25, 2015. https://observer.com/2015/08/how-bruce-springsteen-made-born-to-run-an-american-masterpiece/.
43. ↑ Kahn, Ashley (November 10, 2005). "Springsteen Looks Back On 'Born to Run'".
44. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen looks for mercy and deliverance in new album 'Western Stars'". June 20, 2019. https://www.americamagazine.org/arts-culture/2019/06/20/bruce-springsteen-looks-mercy-and-deliverance-new-album-western-stars.
45. ↑ Hiatt, Brian; Hiatt, Brian (November 17, 2005). "Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Turns 30". https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/bruce-springsteens-born-to-run-turns-30-57678/.
46. ↑ Greene, Andy (October 27, 2015). "See Rare Bruce Springsteen Photos From 'Born to Run' Era". *Rolling Stone*. https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/see-rare-bruce-springsteen-photos-from-born-to-run-era-12775/.
47. ↑ Lifton, Dave. "Revisiting Bruce Springsteen's 'Time' and 'Newsweek' Covers". https://ultimateclassicrock.com/bruce-springsteen-time-newsweek/.
48. ↑ Gittins, Ian (June 1, 2008). "Bruce Springsteen, Emirates Stadium, London".
49. ↑ Metcalf, Stephen (May 2, 2005). "Faux Americana, Why I still love Bruce Springsteen.", *Slate*. Retrieved on October 30, 2013. Archived from the original on November 1, 2013.
50. ↑ Template:Cite book
51. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen reveals he wrote 'Hungry Heart' for the Ramones". https://ew.com/article/2015/12/18/bruce-springsteen-hungry-heart-ramones/.
52. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen Squeaks By Adele, Earns Tenth No. 1 Album". https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/502085/bruce-springsteen-squeaks-by-adele-earns-tenth-no-1-album.
53. ↑ Guterman, Jimmy. *Runaway American Dream*, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press, 2005. 153.
54. ↑ "How Ronald Reagan Changed Bruce Springsteen's Politics", *Politico* (April 6, 2014). Retrieved on July 28, 2014. Archived from the original on August 9, 2014.
55. ↑ Template:Cite book
56. ↑ Roberts, David. *The Guinness Book of British Hit Albums*, p. 444. Guinness Publishing Ltd. 7th edition (1996). Template:ISBN
57. ↑ Crossland, David (June 19, 2013). "Chimes of Freedom: How Springsteen Helped Tear Down the Wall". Retrieved on June 20, 2013. Archived from the original on June 20, 2013.
58. ↑ Template:Cite book
59. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen" (in en-us).
60. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen's Speech After Being Inducted into the Rock 'n Roll Hall of Fame". Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205716/http://www.loose-ends.it/halloffame.html.
61. ↑ "Bruce Rising", *Time* (August 5, 2002), pp. 2 of 6. Retrieved on March 23, 2008. Archived from the original on December 24, 2007.
62. ↑ Fricke, David (February 5, 2009). "Bringing It All Back Home", *Rolling Stone*. Retrieved on May 3, 2009. Archived from the original on March 25, 2009.
63. ↑ Mar, Alex (February 25, 2005). "Springsteen to Induct U2 into Hall of Fame". *Rolling Stone*. Archived from the original on April 3, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150403031438/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/springsteen-to-induct-u2-into-hall-of-fame-20050225. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
64. ↑ Wiederhorn, Jon (September 16, 2003). "Springsteen Is Box-Office Boss With Projected $120M Gross". MTV. Archived from the original on March 5, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100305020658/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1478248/20030916/story.jhtml.
65. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen". June 4, 2019. https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/bruce-springsteen.
66. ↑ "100 Best Songs of the Decade". *Rolling Stone*. 2009-12-09. https://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/31248926/100\_best\_songs\_of\_the\_decade/27. Retrieved 2009-12-19.
67. ↑ Anderson, Kyle (2011-09-29). "U2, Rihanna, Amy Winehouse, Foo Fighters fill out VH1's '100 Greatest Songs of the '00s'". Retrieved on 24 June 2012.
68. ↑ McShane, Larry (February 16, 2005). "New Springsteen Album Due in April", Associated Press, *ABC News*. Archived from the original on April 11, 2005.
69. ↑ Manzoor, Sarfraz (May 14, 2006). "A runaway American dream", *The Guardian* (London). Retrieved on April 27, 2010. Archived from the original on January 26, 2008.
70. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen and the Seeger Sessions Band – PopMatters Concert Review". *PopMatters*. Archived from the original on May 25, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110525011903/http://www.popmatters.com/music/concerts/s/springsteen-bruce-060531.shtml. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
71. ↑ Tianen, Dave (June 15, 2006). "Born to strum", *Milwaukee Journal Sentinel*. Archived from the original on November 18, 2006.
72. ↑ "Chicago Tribune". Retrieved on August 27, 2010. Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore
73. ↑ "Terry Magovern, Rest in Peace" Template:Webarchive, Backstreets.com, August 1, 2007. Retrieved August 28, 2007.
74. ↑ "Springsteen Bandmate on Hiatus for Health Reasons", Reuters (November 22, 2007). Retrieved on March 22, 2008. Archived from the original on December 17, 2007.
75. ↑ Piccoli, Sean (April 17, 2008). "Springsteen concert postponed over bandmate's death", *South Florida Sun-Sentinel*. Retrieved on April 17, 2008. Template:Dead link
76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 "Springsteen endorses Obama for president", Associated Press, *USA Today* (April 16, 2008). Retrieved on April 16, 2008.
77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 "Bruce Springsteen Adds Acoustic Obama Shows". *Pitchfork*. October 3, 2008. Archived from the original on April 9, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090409171928/http://pitchfork.com/news/33651-bruce-springsteen-adds-acoustic-obama-shows/. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
78. ↑ "Springsteen plays new 'Working on a Dream' tune at Obama rally in Cleveland", *The Plain Dealer* (November 2, 2008). Archived from the original on March 3, 2016.
79. ↑ "Jamming on the Mall for Obama", *The Washington Post* (January 18, 2009). Archived from the original on September 1, 2013.
80. ↑ "Springsteen, Rahman Snag Musical Golden Globes". *Billboard*. September 14, 2009. Archived from the original on April 25, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140425185725/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/269633/springsteen-rahman-snag-musical-golden-globes. Retrieved August 27, 2010.  Archived from the original on January 5, 2011.
81. ↑ Bardsley, Garth (January 12, 2009). "How Mickey Rourke Got Bruce Springsteen's 'Wrestler' Song – For Free – MTV Movie News". MTV. Archived from the original on July 29, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110729090316/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1602516/how-mickey-rourke-got-bruce-springsteens-wrestler-song-free.jhtml. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
82. ↑ "Report: "The Boss" to play Super Bowl halftime show", *Seattle Post-Intelligencer* (August 11, 2008). Archived from the original on December 31, 2008. .
83. ↑ Pareles, Jon (February 1, 2009). "The Rock Laureate", *The New York Times*. Retrieved on January 29, 2009. Archived from the original on June 9, 2011.
84. ↑ 84.0 84.1 Template:Cite press release
85. ↑ Lapointe, Joe (January 30, 2009). "Springsteen Promises '12-Minute Party' at Halftime", *The New York Times*. Retrieved on April 27, 2010. Archived from the original on April 17, 2009.
86. ↑ Carpenter, Les (January 29, 2009). "No Cheering in the Press Box, Except When It Comes to the Boss", *The Washington Post*. Retrieved on July 23, 2011.
87. ↑ Wallace, Lindsay (February 10, 2009). "Bruce Springsteen Exclusive: 'I Didn't Even Know I Was Up For A Grammy!'", MTV News. Retrieved on March 7, 2009. Archived from the original on March 17, 2009.
88. ↑ Pareles, Jon (October 11, 2009). "For Springsteen and Giants Stadium, a Last Dance". Retrieved on October 14, 2009. Archived from the original on July 8, 2012.
89. ↑ "Obama honours Bruce Springsteen", *BBC News* (December 7, 2009). Retrieved on April 27, 2010. Archived from the original on January 5, 2010.
90. ↑ "The Voices: Artists of the Decade". *Rolling Stone*. Archived from the original on December 13, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20091213013718/http://www.rollingstone.com/issue1094-95. Retrieved December 19, 2009.
91. ↑ "Top Touring Artists of the Decade". *Billboard*. Archived from the original on March 16, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130316061805/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/266415/top-touring-artists-of-the-decade. Retrieved December 19, 2009.
92. ↑ "Clarence Clemons dies of complications from stroke". *The Wall Street Journal*. June 19, 2011. Archived from the original on November 21, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111121160311/http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/06/clarence\_clemons\_dies.html. Retrieved November 20, 2011.
93. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen Announces New Album, Wrecking Ball". *Pitchfork*. January 18, 2012. Archived from the original on March 21, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120321073204/http://pitchfork.com/news/45149-bruce-springsteen-announces-new-album-wrecking-ball/. Retrieved March 19, 2012.
94. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen Squeaks By Adele, Earns Tenth No. 1 Album". *Billboard*. September 14, 2009. Archived from the original on May 30, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130530161731/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/502085/bruce-springsteen-squeaks-by-adele-earns-tenth-no-1-album. Retrieved March 19, 2012.
95. ↑ "From the road: Helsinki". Brucespringsteen.net. July 31, 2012. Archived from the original on October 2, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121002233644/http://brucespringsteen.net/news/2012/from-the-road-helsinki. Retrieved October 12, 2012.
96. ↑ 96.0 96.1 Knickerbocker, Brad (October 13, 2012). "Bruce Springsteen rocks out for Barack Obama". *The Christian Science Monitor*. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205939/http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Elections/President/2012/1013/Bruce-Springsteen-rocks-out-for-Barack-Obama.
97. ↑ 97.0 97.1 Orel, Matt (November 5, 2012). "Bruce joins President Obama and Jay Z in Ohio". Brucespringsteen.net. Archived from the original on November 9, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121109011827/http://brucespringsteen.net/news/2012/bruce-joins-president-obama-and-jay-z-in-ohio. Retrieved November 6, 2012.
98. ↑ 98.0 98.1 Sweet, Lynn (November 6, 2012). "Obama makes last pitch with Boss, Jay-Z in Ohio", *Chicago Sun-Times*. Retrieved on November 6, 2012. Archived from the original on November 9, 2012.
99. ↑ "Roger Waters and Bruce Springsteen win big at Billboard Touring Awards". Wxyz.com. November 10, 2012. Archived from the original on May 22, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130522215159/http://www.wxyz.com/dpp/entertainment/celebrity/Roger-Waters-and-Bruce-Springsteen-win-big-at-Billboard-Touring-Awards\_63894667. Retrieved November 13, 2012.
100. ↑ "Madonna Edges Out Springsteen As Music's Top Money Maker". Starpulse.com. February 23, 2013. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140202092530/http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2013/02/23/madonna\_edges\_out\_springsteen\_as\_music?ref\_src=news\_rss. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
101. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen Nabs Three GRAMMY Nominations; "Springsteen" Gets Two More". CBS New York. December 6, 2012. Archived from the original on June 7, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130607085842/http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2012/12/06/bruce-springsteen-nabs-three-grammy-nominations-springsteen-gets-two-more-2/. Retrieved December 15, 2012.
102. ↑ Template:Cite press release
103. ↑ "50 Best Albums of 2012: Bruce Springsteen, 'Wrecking Ball'". *Rolling Stone*. December 5, 2012. Archived from the original on December 16, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121216233754/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/50-best-albums-of-2012-20121205/bruce-springsteen-wrecking-ball-19691231. Retrieved December 15, 2012.
104. ↑ "Springsteen & I: fans tell their stories of The Boss" (December 28, 2015). Archived from the original on January 2, 2016.
105. ↑ "High Hopes: Music". https://www.amazon.com/High-Hopes-Bruce-Springsteen/dp/B00GV38O5I/. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
106. ↑ Caulfiel, Keith. "Bruce Springsteen Aiming for 11th No. 1 Album on Billboard 200 Chart". Music.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on February 3, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140203023033/http://music.yahoo.com/news/bruce-springsteen-aiming-11th-no-1-album-billboard-003137560.html. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
107. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen scores 10th UK number one album" Template:Webarchive. BBC News. Retrieved January 26, 2014
108. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen, 'High Hopes'". *Rolling Stone*. December 2014. Archived from the original on January 16, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150116082105/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/50-best-albums-of-2014-20141201/bruce-springsteen-high-hopes-20141201. Retrieved January 14, 2015.
109. ↑ "Watch Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band: The Ties That Bind From Saturday Night Live". December 19, 2015. Archived from the original on January 13, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160113014839/http://www.nbc.com/saturday-night-live/video/bruce-springsteen-and-the-e-street-band-the-ties-that-bind/2957168.
110. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen and The E Street Band Announce 2016 The River Tour". December 4, 2015. Archived from the original on December 21, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151221083750/http://brucespringsteen.net/news/2015/bruce-springsteen-and-the-e-street-band-announce-2016-the-river-tour-3.
111. ↑ "A statement from Bruce Springsteen on North Carolina". April 8, 2016. http://brucespringsteen.net/news/2016/a-statement-from-bruce-springsteen-on-north-carolina.
112. ↑ Newman, Melinda. "Bruce Springsteen Is The Boss of the New York Times Best Sellers List With 'Born To Run'". Archived from the original on October 7, 2016.
113. ↑ "Springsteen breaks concert length record yet again in Philly; see the setlist". September 8, 2016. Archived from the original on September 8, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160908164317/http://www.nj.com/entertainment/music/index.ssf/2016/09/springsteen\_breaks\_concert\_length\_record\_yet\_again.html.
114. ↑ "Springsteen breaks his record for longest US show". Archived from the original on August 27, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160827092253/http://www.msn.com/en-us/music/news/springsteen-breaks-his-record-for-longest-us-show/ar-BBw5zQu?OCID=ansmsnnews11.
115. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen, Beyoncé post top-grossing tours of 2016". December 30, 2016. Archived from the original on December 30, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161230073036/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/la-et-ms-bruce-springsteen-beyonce-top-tours-20161229-story.html.
116. ↑ 116.0 116.1 "The Presidential Medal of Freedom". Archived from the original on November 25, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161125005734/https://www.whitehouse.gov/campaign/medal-of-freedom.
117. ↑ Company, Rolling Stone. "Bruce Springsteen, Robert De Niro, Lorne Michaels Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom". Archived from the original on November 17, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161117064633/https://www.yahoo.com/music/bruce-springsteen-robert-niro-lorne-211600096.html.
118. ↑ "Backstreets.com: 2017 Setlists". Archived from the original on January 20, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170120034015/http://www.backstreets.com/setlists.html.
119. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen plays farewell gig for Barack Obama at the White House" (in en-GB) (January 19, 2017). Archived from the original on January 19, 2017.
120. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen heads to Broadway this fall" (June 16, 2017). Archived from the original on June 16, 2017.
121. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen Is Bringing His Music and His Memories to Broadway!" (August 9, 2017).
122. ↑ Template:Cite tweet
123. ↑ "Springsteen on Broadway Extends Through June – Playbill". November 27, 2017. http://www.playbill.com/article/springsteen-on-broadway-extends-through-june.
124. ↑ Paulson, Michael (March 21, 2018). "Bruce Springsteen Signs Up for More Time on Broadway".
125. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen on Broadway: What comes after the Tony Award?" (in en), *USA TODAY*.
126. ↑ Template:Cite journal
127. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen's 'Western Stars' Grows More Satisfying with Repeated Exposure" (in en). 2019-06-03. https://www.popmatters.com/bruce-springsteen-western-stars-2638663688.html?rebelltitem=1#rebelltitem1?rebelltitem=1.
128. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen to Debut 'Western Stars' Film at Toronto Film Festival". July 23, 2019. https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/bruce-springsteen-western-stars-toronto-film-festival-862320/.
129. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen Turns Director for Inventive Concert Film 'Western Stars'". July 23, 2019. https://www.indiewire.com/2019/07/bruce-springsteen-director-concert-film-western-stars-1202160168/.
130. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen reveals new Western Stars film soundtrack: Stream". October 25, 2019. https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bruce-springsteen-reveals-western-stars-040001417.html.
131. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen and E Street Band: No tour in 2020?". October 25, 2019. https://www.app.com/story/entertainment/music/2020/02/12/bruce-springsteen-and-e-street-band-no-tour-2020/4740249002/.
132. ↑ Zeitz, Joshua (August 24, 2015). "How 'Born to Run' Captured the Decline of the American Dream". https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/08/born-to-run-at-40/402137/.
133. ↑ Wurtzel, Elizabeth (June 22, 2008). "Bruce almighty, Elizabeth Wurtzel on Bruce Springsteen's lyrics", *The Guardian* (London). Retrieved on September 29, 2010. Archived from the original on December 20, 2013.
134. ↑ Template:Cite journal
135. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen's New Wave Of Social Protest". https://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2012/01/19/145454546/we-take-care-of-our-own-springsteens-new-wave-of-social-protest.
136. ↑ Todd Leopold. "Bruce Springsteen and the song of the working man". https://www.cnn.com/2012/06/18/showbiz/bruce-springsteen-wrecking-ball-working-man/index.html.
137. ↑ Millman, Joyce (April 16, 2008). "A Map of the Future: "Darkness on the Edge of Town" at 30". brucespringsteenspecialcollection.net. Archived from the original on June 8, 2009. https://archive.today/20090608001051/http://www.brucespringsteenspecialcollection.net/BSSC\_Darkness30.htm. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
138. ↑ Richardson, Mark (January 6, 2004). "Album Review: "Darkness on the Edge of Town"". *Pitchfork*. Archived from the original on November 21, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101121031601/http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/7727-the-essential-bruce-springsteen/. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
139. ↑ Deigan, Tom. "Proud Irish American Bruce Springsteen says deep down he’s still Catholic" Template:Webarchive, *IrishCentral*, January 13, 2017. Retrieved February 18, 2017
140. ↑ "The Guardian". Archived from the original on December 18, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161218230438/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/sep/07/bruce-springsteen-depression-crushed-born-to-run. Retrieved December 18, 2016.
141. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen works out at $9.99 a month New Jersey gym". September 24, 2019. https://consequenceofsound.net/2019/09/bruce-springsteen-workout-routine-look-like-boss/.
142. ↑ Melas, Chloe. "Bruce Springsteen explains why he used to not pay taxes". Archived from the original on June 8, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170608021440/http://www.cnn.com/2017/04/29/celebrities/bruce-springsteen-taxes/index.html. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
143. ↑ "Springsteen Keeps Love Life in Dark", *originally published in New York Daily News* (September 4, 1985).
144. ↑ Interview with Patti Scialfa, "Red-Headed Woman", page 42–44, *Q* magazine, 1993
145. ↑ "Springsteen, model married this morning", UPI, *The Bulletin* ((Bend, Oregon)) (May 13, 1985), p. A1.
146. ↑ "Bruce, actress fool fans with early wedding", *Spokane Chronicle* ((Washington)) (May 13, 1985), p. B2.
147. ↑ "Springsteen marries in secret ceremony", Associated Press, *Eugene Register-Guard* ((Oregon)) (May 14, 1985), p. 1A.
148. ↑ Katz, Larry (September 15, 2004). "E Street detour: Patti Scialfa leaves hubby Bruce Springsteen at home during road trip". *Boston Herald*. Angelfire.com. Archived from the original on September 27, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130927164254/http://www.angelfire.com/ny5/pattiscialfa/articles/bh.html. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
149. ↑ "How Bruce Springsteen's Wife Supported Him Through His Battle With Depression". https://www.msn.com/en-ca/health/wellness/how-bruce-springsteens-wife-supported-him-through-his-battle-with-depression/ar-AAB4mmG.
150. ↑ "Springsteen's wife seeks divorce", news services, *Eugene Register-Guard* ((Oregon)) (August 31, 1988), p. 3A.
151. ↑ "Springsteen, wife divorced; 'fair settlement' kept secret", news services, *Eugene Register-Guard* ((Oregon)) (December 16, 1988), p. 2A.
152. ↑ "Rocker Springsteen, wife reach divorce agreement", (archives), United Press International (December 15, 1988). Retrieved on May 22, 2018.
153. ↑ 153.0 153.1 153.2 Wieder, Judy (1995). "Bruce Springsteen: The Advocate Interview" (doc). *The Advocate*. brucespringsteen.hu. Archived from the original on March 13, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120313013142/http://www.brucespringsteen.hu/docs/1995advocate.doc. Retrieved June 9, 2012.
154. ↑ CARLIN, PETER AMES. "Bruce Springsteen book excerpt: From a 'Tunnel of Love' with Julianne Phillips to 'Dancing in the Dark' with Patti Scialfa". https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/bruce-julianne-patti-article-1.1186683.
155. ↑ 155.0 155.1 155.2 155.3 Template:Cite book
156. ↑ 156.0 156.1 156.2 156.3 Template:Cite book
157. ↑ Template:Cite book
158. ↑ David, Mark; David, Mark (2010-03-19). "The Boss Buys and Sells at a Loss in Flahreeduh" (in en). https://variety.com/2010/dirt/real-estalker/the-boss-buys-and-sells-at-a-loss-in-flahreeduh-1201230161/.
159. ↑ "Festival Highlights", Boston College. Retrieved on September 24, 2012. Archived from the original on July 29, 2013.
160. ↑ Jaffer, Nancy (October 9, 2009). "Jessica Springsteen finishes second at Talent Search Finals East, deciding whether to pursue equitation". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
161. ↑ Anderson, Nicola. "Bruce Springsteen attends Dublin Horse Show to cheer on daughter Jess". Independent.ie. http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/bruce-springsteen-attends-dublin-horse-show-to-cheer-on-daughter-jess-30489497.html. Retrieved August 10, 2014.
162. ↑ Hochron, Adam (January 17, 2014). "Monmouth County Fire Academy Graduates 42 New Members – Police & Fire – Marlboro-ColtsNeck, NJ Patch". Marlboro-coltsneck.patch.com. Archived from the original on January 24, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140124101009/http://marlboro-coltsneck.patch.com/groups/police-and-fire/p/monmouth-county-fire-academy-graduates-42-new-members-marlboro-coltsneck. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
163. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen News – Recording Artists' Eleventh Hour Campaigns – Mostly for Obama". idiomag. November 3, 2008. Archived from the original on December 24, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20081224224623/http://www.idiomag.com/peek/47658/bruce\_springsteen. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
164. ↑ "Rocker Bruce Springsteen endorses N.J. gay marriage bill". *The Star-Ledger*. Archived from the original on October 22, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131022215325/http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/200/springsteen\_endorses\_gay\_marri.html. Retrieved December 8, 2009.
Wong, Curtis (October 2, 2012). "Bruce Springsteen Stars in Gay Marriage Social Media Campaign", *Huffington Post*. Retrieved on October 2, 2012. Archived from the original on October 3, 2012.
McCormick, Joseph Patrick (April 8, 2016). "Bruce Springsteen dumps North Carolina over bigoted anti-LGBT law", *PinkNews*. Retrieved on April 9, 2016. Archived from the original on April 9, 2016.
167. ↑ Kreps, Daniel (2017-01-22). "Bruce Springsteen on Women's March: 'The New American Resistance'" (in en-US), *Rolling Stone*.
168. ↑ Template:Citation
169. ↑ Template:Citation
170. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen delivers historic marathon at the Key". March 24, 2016. https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/music/bruce-springsteen-delivers-an-energetic-marathon-at-the-key/.
171. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen: Can his shows be too long? | The Star". https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/2012/08/24/bruce\_springsteen\_can\_his\_shows\_be\_too\_long.html.
172. ↑ "Top Selling Artists – December 04, 2013". RIAA. Archived from the original on December 9, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131209120422/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinum.php?content\_selector=top-selling-artists. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
173. ↑ Glatter, Hayley (May 10, 2018). "Throwback Thursday: Bruce Springsteen Plays in Cambridge", *Boston*. Retrieved on May 10, 2018.
174. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen". March 17, 2014. https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/bruce-springsteen. Retrieved December 15, 2018.
175. ↑ Rodman, Sarah (November 28, 2017). "Carrie Fisher nets Grammy nod in spoken-word category, faces off with Springsteen and Bernie Sanders".
176. ↑ "Winners Song of the Year/New Song of the Year". https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/winners-nominees/140.
177. ↑ "Winners Record of the Year". https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/winners-nominees/138.
178. ↑ "Winners Best Pop Performance By A Duo Or Group With Vocal". https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/winners-nominees/191.
179. ↑ "Winners Best Music Video, Short Form". https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/winners-nominees/183.
180. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen". Polar Music Prize. Archived from the original on January 3, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140103234259/http://www.polarmusicprize.org/home/bruce-springsteen/. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
181. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on January 8, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140108013924/http://rockhall.com/inductees/bruce-springsteen/. Retrieved January 19, 2014.
182. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen". Songwriter's Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on November 28, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101128054747/http://songwritershalloffame.org/exhibits/C179. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
183. ↑ Kreps, Daniel. "Bruce Springsteen Inducted into New Jersey Hall of Fame". *Rolling Stone*. Archived from the original on June 22, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080622053126/http://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2008/05/06/bruce-springsteen-inducted-into-new-jersey-hall-of-fame/. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
184. ↑ "A Brunch O' Bruce". E!. Archived from the original on November 28, 1999. https://web.archive.org/web/19991128055403/http://www.eonline.com/Features/Features/Bruce/index2.html.
185. ↑ "(23990) Springsteen". Archived from the original on April 20, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080420190932/http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/special/rocknroll/0023990.html.
186. ↑ Browne, Jackson (April 15, 2004). "The Immortals – The Greatest Artists of All Time: 23) Bruce Springsteen", *Rolling Stone*. Archived from the original on August 22, 2008.
187. ↑ Penn, Sean (May 12, 2008). "The 2008 TIME 100 – Bruce Springsteen", *Time*. Retrieved on September 13, 2014. Archived from the original on August 22, 2013.
188. ↑ "Bruce Springsteen wins Critics Choice Award for 'The Wrestler' song". *NME*. UK. January 9, 2009. Archived from the original on January 5, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120105103305/http://www.nme.com/news/bruce-springsteen/41980. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
189. ↑ "The Celebrity 100", *Forbes* (June 3, 2009). Archived from the original on January 8, 2016.
190. ↑ "Springsteen Named 2013 MusiCares Person of the Year". *Rolling Stone*. June 28, 2012. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120701014948/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/bruce-springsteen-named-2013-musicares-person-of-the-year-20120628. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
191. ↑ "BBC Radio 4 – Desert Island Discs, Bruce Springsteen". *BBC*. Archived from the original on December 19, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161219113312/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0855znp. Retrieved December 18, 2016.
192. ↑ BranchNJ07764732.571.3400, Monmouth University 400 Cedar AvenueWest Long. "The Bruce Springsteen Archives and Center for American Music at Monmouth University | Monmouth University". https://www.monmouth.edu/springsteen-archives-and-center-for-american-music/.
193. ↑ BranchNJ07764732.571.3400, Monmouth University 400 Cedar AvenueWest Long. "Bruce Springsteen's Darkness on the Edge of Town: An International Symposium | Bruce Springsteen Symposium | Monmouth University". https://www.monmouth.edu/brucesymposium/2018-2/.

**Sources**
Template:Refbegin

* Alterman, Eric. *It Ain't No Sin To Be Glad You're Alive: The Promise of Bruce Springsteen*. Little Brown, 1999. Template:ISBN.
* Coles, Robert. *Bruce Springsteen's America: The People Listening, a Poet Singing*. Random House, 2005. Template:ISBN.
* Cullen, Jim. *Born in the U.S.A.: Bruce Springsteen and the American Tradition*. 1997; Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 2005. New edition of 1997 study book places Springsteen's work in the broader context of American history and culture. Template:ISBN
* Eliot, Marc with Appel, Mike. *Down Thunder Road*. Simon & Schuster, 1992. Template:ISBN.
* Graff, Gary. *The Ties That Bind: Bruce Springsteen A to E to Z*. Visible Ink, 2005. Template:ISBN.
* Guterman, Jimmy. *Runaway American Dream: Listening to Bruce Springsteen*. Da Capo, 2005. Template:ISBN.
* Hilburn, Robert. *Springsteen*. Rolling Stone Press, 1985. Template:ISBN.
* Knobler, Peter with special assistance from Greg Mitchell. "Who Is Bruce Springsteen and Why Are We Saying All These Wonderful Things About Him?", *Crawdaddy*, March 1973.
* Marsh, Dave. *Bruce Springsteen: Two Hearts: The Definitive Biography, 1972–2003*. Routledge, 2003. Template:ISBN. (Consolidation of two previous Marsh biographies, *Born to Run* (1981) and *Glory Days* (1987).)
* Wolff, Daniel. *July 4, Asbury Park: A History of the Promised Land*. Bloomsbury, 2005. Template:ISBN

Template:Refend

## External links

Template:Commons
Template:Wikiquote

* Template:Official website
* Bruce Springsteen Archives
* Template:Imdb name

Template:Bruce Springsteen
Template:Navboxes
Template:Billboard Year-End number one albums 1970–1989
Template:Steven Van Zandt

Template:Authority control