The revolutionary war

***1910-1930***

***The Revolution***

During the Diaz regime, The poor and lower class which made up most of the population were tired of the inequality that the Porfirian age brought. Making them feel like slaves. Until Wealthy landowner, Francisco I. Madero challenged Díaz in the 1910 presidential election, and following the rigged results, revolted under the Plan of San Luis Potosí. Armed conflict broke out in northern Mexico and Díaz was forced out. In the Treaty of Ciudad Juárez, Díaz resigned and went into exile, new elections were to occur in the fall, and an interim presidency under Francisco León de la Barra was installed. A new election was held in 1911, bringing Madero to the presidency. In a chaotic period in February 1913, known as the Ten Tragic Days (Spanish: La Decena Trágica), Madero and his vice president Pino Suárez were forced to resign in February 1913 and Madero was assassinated. The counter-revolutionary regime of General Victoriano Huerta came to power, backed by the United States ambassador. Suarez left towards the north and created a revolutionary government in the north with Suarez as the elected governate and had full governance. They became **the Northern Governorate of the Spanish Federal Republic,** although they were not trying to separate from the New Spanish Federal Republic they wanted to win in the revolution and have a new constitution led by the liberal northern ideals. The middle of the country still loyal to the Porfirian constitution and the federation were called **the federalists** which wanted to keep the constitution and had the most military might at the beginning of the war. In the southern region of the country, the southern states made a political union which was **the provincial regency of Central America.** Like the north, they wanted to win and change the constitution and create it their way, unlike the north they wanted to make it more of a conservative ideology. The federalists had a bigger navy and military by 1914 and had a hold on all external territories such as Cuba, New Orleans, and The Panama canal zone. The federalists seem to had a big advantage but they drained most of the money in the construction of the canal and useless spending and corruption.

When the the war came at a stalemate on both, the northern and southern front both sides entitled themselves to other means, like espionage, sabotage and "governmental presences". This meant that he federalist government had coup after coup, each individually funded by both north or south to finish the war but it always ended in counter coupt, by either the north or the south. Until the senate and the deputy chamber which was led by Belisario Domínguez Palencia

   overthrew the north backed president in 1913, In that same year, he died by gun as a martyr. However the north or south will not back another coup attempt. The federalist chamber and senate decided that the country be led by Ignacio L. Pesqueira a military leader who had control of the federalist government and presumably killed Domínguez Palencia. In 1914 it was the height of federalist control during the revolution. This all changed with the battle of Guadalajara that the federalist lost and the north won and the battle of Tapachula which the south won. All due to the poor management of the federalist and horrible panned decisions. On the 28th of July in 1914 with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and the start of the great war things escalated in the geopolitics of the world in the early 19th century. By 1915 the Anglo-French Financial Commission agreed a $500 million loan from private American banks and northern Mexican investors and banks. this increased the encouragement for the northern governance to make industrial goods for the military and commodities. ***Then Cuba which was revoked statehood towards all their 6 states in the island, Which made independists to take advantage of the situation and declared independence, The federalist who did not want to lose control of the island made a deal with the leaders that they could keep the north of the island as interdependent with the southern part of the island which would be lead by the federalist. The agreement of Havana was made making* *The Republic of Havana***

    ***in the North and its interdependent counterpart in the south,* *still in control of the federalist government.*** By early 1916, Britain was funding most of the Empire's war expenditures, all of Italy's and two-thirds of the war costs of France and Russia, plus smaller nations as well. The gold reserves, overseas investments, and private credit then ran out forcing Britain to borrow $4 billion from the Northern governance treasury and American treasuries in 1916-1918. Shipments of Northern raw materials and Southern food allowed the allies to feed themselves and their armies while maintaining their productivity. this along with the production of weapons and artillery and tanks from northern factories made the north a powerhouse and the south with the food exports and trade commissions made it the breadbasket and wealthier than the federalists who tried as well, but were almost barely funded to maintain their government. Plus the blockades did not work since the navy needed to expand themselves along long coastlines in the north and with the new northern war machine the obsolete navy of the federalist was no match for the northern navy and quickly got sunk. Plus help from the United States and the Havana republic made it impossible for the federalist to actually protect the maritime territories. By December 1916 The north invaded New Orleans and the South took control of The Canal Zone. While the federalists had now lost the Yucatan states and the South made 2 new states Tabasco and Quintana Roo. and the North which took a defensive position begun to attack the states of Aguascalientes Nayarit and S.L Potosi and northern Jalisco. In July Of 1917, Both the North and the South bordered each other and fought 2

    battles the first was the Battle of Toluca Which was fought in Southern victory. And the Battle of Mexico City on August 27th which was a Northern victory. A ceasefire then was ordered after the battle where the 2 parties deposed the federalist government and drafted the new constitution. after nearly 3 months on November 7th, the constitution was created, this constitution brought the no reelection campaign and 6-year rule and other socialist based rights as well as the respect of the constitution and military obedience and ordinance towards the constitution meaning the military follows the leadership of the constitution and its principles. With the signing of the constitution, on November 11th 1918 the revolution came at an end as well as the Northern governorate and the provincial government of Central America when the presidential elections began.

Towards the end of The 1st World war in 1918 the exports of Military goods, raw materials, and food gave The country wealth which it used as reserves and spending in social services. The previous federalist regions that had the biggest industry in the country were now the poorest. and in the help, the government was doing economical and medic aid

but it was not enough. The Mexican government was more focused on reconstruction and the northern states to give up on the military goods and focus on domestic goods and services and other entertainments such as movies and writing and plays along with entertainment in new mediums such as radios and other communications. In the aftermath of the revolution the next administrations gave up on defending Latin America and made way for America to intervene in other countries' policies of the region.

***The Havana Crisis***

In 1925 the united states got more involved in Latin American affairs leading to the conclusion that Mexico will not do anything because of the reconstruction from the revolution. this meant that intervention in the protectorate of the Republic Of Havana will not make a crisis with Mexico. The more independent republic Of Havana was getting further away from the belief of interdependence with the southern part of Cuba and more with the economic isolationism policy. The U.S saw an opportunity and began to get involved in the affairs of The Republic of Havana. In 1926 a new president was elected he drew in the idea that the republic was not a puppet of anyone, this began the hostilities

    between Americans living in Cuba and Cubans living in The U.S which increased chances of war. The real problem was hit when the U.S began to move its navy in The Capital Havana as a military base without the consent of the president or of the legislative government, this made the Cuban government to ask if the navy could leave since they did not form an agreement, They refused and the cannons fired and destroyed the ship. The American government declared war which made The Republic Of Havana with the Havana agreement to get annexed back to Mexico. The president of Mexico was first hesitant about it plus many Cubans left The Republic Of Havana and went into Mexican Cuba Thus the Mexican president Ángel Flores agreed. When the treaty was accepted the American ships found out that it was now Mexican territory and thus could not violate the treaty of Havana which would last until 1942. So they left to not come back

**The great depression**

during the twenties, economic prosperity surged the stock market found itself as the biggest and wealthiest while the European powers found themselves in debt especially Germany who could barely survive to keep the people in jobs and in paying taxes. The new economic Powers which were Mexico and the United States made a new commission that they will send to Germany in which they could give a loan. But in the following two days, the U.S economy

    crashed. The initial crash occurred on Black Thursday (October 24, 1929) meaning all the help that was going towards Germany was useless. Mexico since it focused more on spending money on their people and government than on their investments in other countries it suffered less but still suffered. the investment of American enterprises in Mexico plummeted and other figures such as the British business suffered as well. The 30s would be a miserable decade.