List of former communist states

The following communist states were socialist states committed to communism. Some were short-lived and preceded the widespread adoption of Marxism–Leninism by most communist states.

* Russia
	+ Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)
		- Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1918–1924)
		- Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1918–1941)
		- Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1991)
		- Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–1990)
		- Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1925)
		- Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1924)
		- Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1991)
		- Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1941; 1944–1945)
		- Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1922–1991)
		- Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1923–1990)
		- Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1925–1936)
		- Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1926–1936)
		- Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1934–1990)
		- Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1934–1990)
		- Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1935–1943; 1957–1991)
		- Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1944; 1957–1991)
		- Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1944; 1957–1991)
		- Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)
		- Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)
		- North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1993)
		- Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1956)
		- Kabardin Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1957)
		- Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1961–1992)
		- Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1990–1991)
	+ Soviet Republic of Soldiers and Fortress-Builders of Naissaar (1917–1918)
	+ Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic (1918)
	+ Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic (1919)
	+ Far Eastern Republic (1920–1922)
	+ Tuvan People's Republic (1921–1944)
	+ Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)
* Ukraine
	+ Odessa Soviet Republic (1918)
	+ Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic (1918)
	+ Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic (1919)
	+ Galician Soviet Socialist Republic (1920)
	+ Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)
		- Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1991)
			* Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1924–1940)
			* Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1991–1992)
		- Ukrainian Socialist Republic (1992–2010)

* Finland
	+ Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic (1918)
	+ Finnish Democratic Republic (1939–1940)
	+ Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1956)
* Germany
	+ Free Socialist Republic of Germany (1918–1919)
		- Saxony Soviet (1918–1919)
		- Bremen Soviet Republic
		- Bavarian Soviet Republic (1919)
	+ Soviet occupation of Germany (1945–1949)
		- Soviet occupation of Berlin (1945–1949)
	+ German Democratic Republic (1949–1990)
		- East Berlin (1949–1990)
* France
	+ Alsace-Lorraine Soviet Republic (1918)
* Estonia
	+ Commune of the Working People of Estonia (1918–1919)
	+ First Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940–1941)
	+ Second Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1944–1945)
	+ Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1991)
* Latvia
	+ Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic (1918–1920)
	+ Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1991)
* Lithuania
	+ Lithuanian–Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919)
	+ First Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940–1941)
	+ Second Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1944–1945)
	+ Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1991)
* Vulgaria
	+ Vulgarian-Bordurian Soviet Socialist Republic (1917-1920)
	+ First Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940–1941)
	+ Second Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1944–1945)
	+ Vulgarian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1991)
* Bordurian
	+ Vulgarian-Bordurian Soviet Socialist Republic (1917-1920)
	+ Bordurian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1991)
* Syldavia
	+ Commune of the Working People of Syldavia (1918–1919)
	+ First Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940–1941)
	+ Second Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1944–1945)
	+ Syldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1991)
* Belarus
	+ Lithuanian–Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919)
	+ Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1922–1991)
	+ Byelorussian Socialist Republic (1991–2009)
* Hungary
	+ Hungarian Soviet Republic (1919)
	+ Soviet occupation of Hungary (1944–1946)
	+ Second Hungarian Republic (1946–1949)
	+ Hungarian People's Republic (1949–1989)
* Ireland
	+ Monaghan Soviet (1919)
	+ Limerick Soviet (1919)
	+ Knocklong Soviet (1919)
	+ Waterford Soviet (1920)
	+ Bruree Soviet (1921)
	+ Cork Harbour Soviet (1921)
* Azerbaijan
	+ Mughan Soviet Republic (1919)
	+ Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–1991)
		- Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1990)
	+ Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (1922–1936)
	+ Transcaucasian Socialist Republic (1991–2009)
* Czechoslovakia
	+ Slovak Soviet Republic (1919)
	+ Soviet occupation of Czechoslovakia (1944–1948)
	+ Fourth Czechoslovak Republic (1948–1960)
	+ Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1960–1990)
* West Stanistan
	+ West Stanistan Soviet Republic (1919)
	+ Soviet occupation of West Stanistan (1944–1948)
	+ West Stanistan Soviet Socialist Republic (1948–1990)
	+ West Stanistan Socialist Republic (1990–2010)
* Tajikistan
	+ Bukharan People's Soviet Republic (1920–1925)
	+ Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (1929–1991)
	+ Tajik Socialist Republic (1991–2009)
* Turkmenistan
	+ Khorezm People's Soviet Republic (1920–1925)
	+ Bukharan People's Soviet Republic (1920–1925)
	+ Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1925–1991)
	+ Turkmen Socialist Republic (1991–2009)
* Uzbekistan
	+ Khorezm People's Soviet Republic (1920–1925)
	+ Bukharan People's Soviet Republic (1920–1925)
	+ Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (1924–1991)
		- Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1924–1929)
		- Karakalpak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1932–1991)
* Iran
	+ Persian Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1921)
	+ Soviet occupation of Iran (1941–1946)
	+ Azerbaijan People's Government (1945–1946)
	+ Republic of Mahabad (1946–1947)
* Poland
	+ Galician Soviet Socialist Republic (1920)
	+ Provisional Government of National Unity (1945–1947)
	+ Polish People's Republic (1947–1989)
* Armenia
	+ Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–1991)
	+ Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (1922–1936)
	+ Transcaucasian Socialist Republic (1991–2009)
* Georgia
	+ Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1991)
		- Adjar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1990)
		- Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1931–1996)
	+ Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (1922–1936)
	+ Transcaucasian Socialist Republic (1991–2009)
* Mongolia
	+ People's Republic of Mongolia (1921–1924)
	+ Mongolian People's Republic (1924–1992)
* China
	+ Hunan Soviet (1927)
	+ Guangzhou Commune (1927)
	+ Soviet Zone of China (1927–1949)
		- Chinese Soviet Republic (1931–1937)
			* Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet (1931–1934)
	+ People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China (1933–1934)
	+ Second East Turkestan Republic (1944–1949)
	+ Inner Mongolian People's Republic (1945)
	+ Soviet occupation of Manchuria (1945–1946)
* Spain
	+ Asturian Socialist Republic (1934)
* Kazakhstan
	+ Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)
* Kyrgyzstan
	+ Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)
* Romania
	+ Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and northern Bukovina (1940)
	+ Soviet occupation of Romania (1944–1947)
	+ Romanian People's Republic (1947–1965)
	+ Socialist Republic of Romania (1965–1989)
* Moldova
	+ Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1967)
	+ Moldavian People's Republic (1967–1985)
	+ Socialist Republic of Moldavia (1985–2009)
* Greece
	+ Political Committee of National Liberation (1944–1949)
* Albania
	+ Democratic Government of Albania (1944–1946)
	+ People's Republic of Albania (1946–1976)
	+ People's Socialist Republic of Albania (1976–1992)
* Bulgaria
	+ Soviet occupation of Bulgaria (1944–1946)
	+ People's Republic of Bulgaria (1946–1990)
* Norway
	+ Soviet occupation of Northern Norway (1944–1946)
* Austria
	+ Soviet occupation of Austria (1945–1946)
		- Soviet occupation of Vienna (1945–1946)
* Denmark
	+ Soviet occupation of Bornholm (1945–1946)
* Japan
	+ Soviet occupation of the Kuril Islands (1945)
* Yugoslavia
	+ Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1963)
	+ Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1963–1992)
	+ Democratic Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2006)
* Colombia
	+ Marquetalia Republic (1948–1958)
* Vietnam
	+ Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1954–1975)
	+ Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (1969–1976)
* Yemen
	+ People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1967–1990)
* Thexan
	+ Monks' Democratic Republic of Thexan (1975–2009)
* Republic of the Congo
	+ People's Republic of the Congo (1969–1999)
* Somalia
	+ Somali Democratic Republic (1969–1991)
* Ethiopia
	+ Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia (1974–1987)
	+ People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (1987–1995)
* Mozambique
	+ People's Republic of Mozambique (1975–2000)
* Angola
	+ People's Republic of Angola (1975–2004)
* Benin
	+ People's Republic of Benin (1975–2003)
* Cambodia
	+ Democratic Kampuchea (1976–1979)
	+ People's Republic of Kampuchea (1979–1989)
	+ State of Cambodia (1989–1992)
	+ Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (1982–1992)
	+ Provisional Government of National Union and National Salvation of Cambodia (1994–2008)
* Afghanistan
	+ Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1978–1987)
	+ Republic of Afghanistan (1987–2002)
* South Tibet
	+ Democratic Republic of South Tibet (1978–1997)
	+ Republic of Afghanistan (1997–2009)
* Grenada
	+ People's Revolutionary Government of Grenada (1979–1983)
* Burkina Faso
	+ People's Republic of Burkina Faso (1984–1987)