United Provinces of South America(UPSA)

The United Provinces of South America(UPSA), also Known as the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata(UPRP) or just La Plata, is a Federal Centrist Technocracy set on the Southern Cone of South America created in 1810 during the revolutionary wars, the UPSA, true to its name, planned to be a super-state composing all of south america, but with internal struggle and the continual crisis to stop such dream, the UPSA didn't manage to past the southern cone in its unification plan. its current government is the most stable of all past government, having the last military revolt/coup in 1983 and while it has no longer intention to achieve its dream, the UPSA still maintain the Old Name and the National Anthem continue to maintain the old symbolism of the past.

## History

The Idea of a Unified free South America is not a new idea, infarct, the Lautarian Lodge(or the Lodge of Rational Knights), the main figure behind the Southern Cone Revolutionary Wars, had all more or less agreed to the idea of freeing south america from the foreign imperial yoke and create a unified country, and when the waves of revolution arrived in 1809, it didn't take long for the revolutionaries to act, rising up as 3 different groups(O'higgins army in Chile, San Martin in Argentina and Carlos María de Alvear in paraguay), both side began working together and found its revolutionary wars a smashing success, successfully pushing the Imperialist Forces in 1820, however, before the liberation campaign could start, chaos happened.

### the war of the triple alliance

In Chile, the Overall Autocratic Rullings of O'higgins began gaining its detractors and soon enough, The Republic of Chile would remove O'higgins from power and install a Provisional Junta and in Paraguay the citizen would, quite literally, throw Carlos de Alvear Out of the government window and declare the Free State of Paraguay, both cases quickly pushed the nation of UPSA into chaos, it was almost made worse when the League of Free People, Lead by José Gervasio Artigas, a general who wasn't part of the Lodge, would rise his banner in rebellion and threaten to stop the UPSA on its track, San Martin, who was at that point in Peru helping the Peruvians against Imperialist Remnant, would be called back and began the so called "war of the triple alliance", leading to the UPSA being the Republic of Chile, the Free State of Paraguay and the League of Free People, however, the Damage was done, what little remained of the Lodge was disbanded and its place a provisional junta Formed by mainly statesman, Lawyers And economics would stop any effort into The Expansion of the UPSA, Barring from the Lost of lands in Bolivia and the Gauchescan Revolts in Brazil, leading to the annexation of the short-lived gaucho-controlled Rio Grande Republic.

### The Warlord Era

After the Revolutionary wars and the War of the Triple Alliance, the UPSA would find itself in a state of constant power struggles, with the Caudillos(Warlords) beginning to form, chief among them being the Buenos Aires Caudillo of Juan Manuel de Rosas, the more or less figure of the UPSA from 1829(after the dissolved of the Provisional Junta created in 1825) up to 1852, this era would symbolise a style of a warlord nation, with caudillos fighting for power while the main, larger one would work towards keeping control and ensuring no destruction or enemies come forth towards UPSA acting as some sort of unifying figure, this weird, militaristic warlord republic would form a surprisingly stable external front allowing it to push back foreign influence or any potential invader, however the constant power struggles made it impossible to work as a stable internal front, and it wasn't surprising that in 1851, with rosas dictatorship going strong, in the cities ironically called rosario, general Justo José de Urquiza y García of the Mesopotamian clique( a clique composing of the three provinces in between the Uruguayan river and Parana river, hence the name) would rise a banner of resistance and in what can only be describe as masterful play, successfully beat rosas and his supporters in less than a month in what is described as "la revolucion libertadora"(the liberating revolution).

### Confederate and Buenos Aires

and with the fall of rosas, the caudillos began falling aswell as urquizas began pushing forward the creation for a proper governmental body, this government would be a confederation, as a attempt to try and reconciliate with both the tired masses and the paranoid caudillos, and while this unified the interior, it didn't for buenos aires, the place which before hosted rosas, would now also vote against joining the confederation, forming the republic of Buenos Aires on the 1853, this republic would quickly find itself conflicting with the confederation at every turn, from the border issues over the platine sea, the claims on the patagonic desert(begining the so called desert campaign between the confederation and the republic as both proxy-war each other) and last but not least, the entire issue between rosas supporter remenant, all of this would culminate in the confederate invasion of buenos aires in 1857, lasting 2 years, buenos aires would be brought back into the confederation as a member of the great south-american confederacy, until 1860, where buenos aires would, once again, split off from the confederation, this time under a new group, the Unitarians.

### Unitarians and the beginning of the first republic

a movement born out early of the warlord era, the Unitarian proposed a return to normalcy, a return to the old Provisional Junta and the restoration of the United Province and demanding a continuation of "the great south american liberation"(read, take over south america), however the caudillos ensure that the Unitarians, who they saw as a threat to their power, where as weak and disorganised as possible and as such where a non-threat in their era of control, however, with the rise of the confederation and democratic thought, the Unitarian saw a revival of supporter, now re-organize into a more inward centralise republican, believing that the confederation and its consequences has been a disaster to the people of the southern cone, instead proposing the restoration of the old united province would lead to a revival of democratic thinking and of the nation itself, infact some of those Unitarian composed the first government of Buenos Aries and almost became the leading party of said nation after the first election, however the confederate invasion putted a end to the porteñian experiment, but that didn't stop the idea, it only just encourage it, soon enough the unitarian became a growing movement inside the confederacy and when Buenos Aires broke apart once again in 1860, it didn't out the goal to stay independent, but rather to kill the bird of the confederation and restore the united provinces, even the government was composed of almost exclusively of Unitarian, with famed Bartolomé Mitre Martínez, a veteran soldier of the revolucion libertadora, leading the state of Buenos Aires to success, and soon enough, his expertise and tactic would lead to the battle of Caseros, where a force three time larger than the Buenos Aires one would lead a success and resounding victory early on in the war, symbolising the failure of the confederation and, soon enough, in 1861, the end of such confederation and their annexation towards Buenos Aires, now reorganise into the United Provinces of South America, beginning the first republic, noted by the empowerment of social liberalism, it would note a certain change of pace as the republic moved away from decentralised government and into one of centralisation, from 1861-1874 would indicate the southern cone first attempt at republican democracy, and while it ended up working well, a new opposition rose, one that, while democratic, wasn't exactly of the same line as the Liberal Unitarians.

### PAN, The Second Republic and the Rise of Porteñian Aristocray.

perhaps unsurprisingly, Buenos Aires and Montevideo have begun amassing power and control in the now centralised republic, and as the election of 1874 began coming in, Nicolás Remigio Aurelio Avellaneda Silva, a believer of banking reformation and a strong proponent of overall Economical Revival after the civil war and warlord era would become the candidate of the growing party and movement of the Partido Autonomista Nacional(National Autonomist Party, PAN in Spanish and NAP in English) a conservative and positivist party, it would win against the opposition and the PAN would become the second party to get into power in the history of the 1st republic, Avellaneda would begin rampant economical reforms, quickly uplifting the nation up and pushing the economy high into the green, quickly winning the popular support of the people by such reform, however, perhaps unintentionally, Avellaneda lead to a accidental Strengthening of the Porteñian Aristocracy, who quickly use the opportunity to control the party, beginning the era of the Second Republic, where a economical success would be use as a smoke screen for the presidential dictatorship that the PAN would set, running un-opposed from 1874 up to 1916, main figures in those are are, apart from Avellaneda would be Alejo Julio Argentino Roca Paz, who would be a military strong-man who would become a important figure in the campaign of the desert, leading to the formation of the Patagonian Territory and the further empowerment of the presidency and Roque Sáenz Peña Lahitte, leader of the modernist wing, he would push Toward the Sáenz Peña law, culminating in the end of PAN hegemony and the beginning of the Third Republic under a new flag, a red flag of Radicalism under Juan Hipólito del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Yrigoyen

### Third Republic and The Radical Movement

created in 1891 and still the oldest running party, even still on the Technocratic era, the Union Civica Radical(Radical Civic Union, UCR in Spanish and RCU in English) is a party based around the ideas of french radicalism and it was clearly shown by founding, composed of Radical Liberals who splitted from the Civic Union, the party Mitre created, the UCR would become a icon of resistance in the fight against the PAN oligarchy, using agressive methods to attempt to remove the PAN, revolting(and failing) three times in their effort, however, while they weren't able to remove them, they where able to have the modernist wing of the PAN, Reformist in mind, successfully pass reform allowing true free and democratic election, leading to the election of 1916 and ending the PAN hegemony, This era, while short lived(lasting 1916-1930)this would symbolise rampant socialist and left-wing polices introduction as the social democratic wing of the UCR would run rampant in its reforms, it would also begin the attempts at fighting back the Porteñian Aristocracy, leading to conflict and battle of ideas, it would all come ahead in 1930, where, following a worsening of the economical position, the porteñian aristocracy along with loyalist in the military would coup the government, removing Enrique Martínez(VP of Yrigoyen on his second term, acting as the president as he was in bed due to illness) and beginning a age of combat and power struggle, the Infamous Decade.

### Infamous Decade and the Rise of Peronism.

with the removal of the UCR, what would follow next would be a age of power struggle, as 3 group would find itself fighting for control, the first one would be Porteñian Aristocracy, representing the conservative sector, they would be pushing the ideas of a restored PAN hegemony, believing it was the Second Republic was the best form of governance and that only they would salvage the situation, then there was the Radical Liberals, lead by UCR and even remnant of old 1st republic, they wished for a restoration of true democratic ideals and the end of tyranny of all but last and not least, a 3rd serpent would also rise, the black serpent of the army, spouting fascist and militarist doctrine, this would be one of a corrupted ideas, believing in a supremacy of the south american people and the achievement of such dream, all of this chaos would lead to constant power changes and even revolts, with example such as the gauchescan revolution, sprung by the ignored Brazilian minority in Rio grande who attempted to break away from the united provinces and the Febreristas in Paraguay, believing in a strange mix of communism, nationalism and democracy and believing that paraguay destiny lied not in the United Provinces but in a independent and large state stretching from Cordoba up to mato grosso, this would symbolise a return to the same violence and chaos as that of the confederate years, and in that chaos it seemed as if the United Provinces would join the rest of South America and finally collapse, becoming a footnote of history as it was suppose to be, yet, someone rose from the chaos, one who originally participated on the coup that started it all, even if by a small job on it, and would rise through the rank, this man was Marshall juan domingo peron, a populist at heart, he began noticing a new enemy rising, one from the shadow and he knew something that do be done, so he thrusted forward and began unifying the 3 sides in each side, first he went for the army, the place where he came, and promised them sovereignty freedom to act and freedom for all the southern cone, for no enemy will ever threaten such land, then he went for the PAN, and promised them a Free economy, one where the captains of the industry and those with money would never fear the hand of the communist would stop their plan and ensure their party ends and to the radicals he promise them fairness, fairness in the election polls, fairness in their ability to love and fairness in their upholder of the democratic values for which all of them fought for, and soon enough, a ideology rose, that of peronism, standing proud in their belief of an Argentina socially 'fair', economically 'free' and politically 'sovereign'. Yet, who was this threat that made Peron to act and mobilise his charisma and abilities, who was the thing that made him scare off that made him take over in a populist and militaristic acting over the united provinces in 1955? well, that thing is a small but important thing called technocracy.

### Fourth Republic And the clash between populism and technocracy

technocracy is not a new movement, first appearing in the home of the free, USA in 1919, Technocracy has always been a untested ground of a ideology, believing in the idea of the rule of the people made effective through the agency of their servants, the scientists and engineers, it stood in stark contrast in normal political theory, after all, most if not all theory proposed political ideologies and the likes to push forward in their ideas, yet technocracy preferred that the intellectual, the scientist and the engineer would take the helm and lead the nation forward, this is perhaps the main reason as to why it was hard for it to caught on, after all, with a ideology so not based in political action, how could it catch on? yet, down in the southern cone, it did, first beginning as a clique of army officers in 1927 known as the Grupo de Oficiales Unidos(Group of United Officials, GOU in Spanish and GUO in English)it would began hypothesise the idea of a government based around "logic and the cult of reason", yet they where never able to catch much other than officer, it wouldn't be until the beginning of the infamous decade in 1931 that the GOU would begin to rise, first would be the intellectuals, beginning to joining in around 1931-1940, agreeing that the current Infamous Decade was a symbol of destruction and that a government of reason and civility should take the helm, this would be what would later sprung peron to begin acting and amassing his own supporters, then it was the worker from 1941-1955, who felt their wages where being lowered and not even the Radicals of the UCR where caring for them, and it would had potentially lead to early takeover, however, with peron assuming the helm, he quickly began changing ideas and doctrine, quickly pushing back the influence of technocracy and even stealing from them the same supporter from the worker, this would work on stopping the GOU and successfully let the fourth republic enjoy stability, up until 1962, where tragedy would strike the peronist movement as the captains of industry would begin feeling alienated from the peronist government, sensing that they where being ignored and replaced by the workers of the peronist movement and would begin switching to the GOU, now reformed into the Alianza Renovadora del Progreso(Alliance for Progressive Renewal, ARP in Spanish and APR in English), this would lead to the third group joining in from 1963-1970, ensuring that the economist and industrialist where in their side, and as Peron tried to maintain the front a tragedy would strike known as the Ezeiza massacre, where right-wing peronist would fire on left-wing peronist, killing 13 death and 365 injured ***at the least***, culminating in the slow but certain collapse of the united peronist front, leading to the worker rejoining of the ARP in between 1970-1973 and then, the nail in the coffin, as peron would die in 1973, with him gone, the front would collapse and soon enough, in 1975, the ARP would takeover in a bloodless coup, leading to the end of the Fourth Republic and the begining of a new chapter, the chapter of technocracy.

### Technocracy and to the modern day

the takeover of technocracy in 1975 would symbolize the last change of goverment for the UPSA, it would also begin the great restructuring, a move away from the old system and into towards the new, unexplored territories, this would lead to a technocratic government, however it wouldn't be a easy time, as the so called carapintadas revolts(remenant of the old order) would continue the fight, culminating in the failed revolt of 1983, calling themself "a new revolucion libertadora", and with that failure comes the longest stretch of peace that the UPSA has ever seen, along with the re-organization of the provinces(from 34 up to now a more manageable 6), it would also lead to a fourth group joining in the technocracy, the environmentalist, representing the youngest of all the 4 groups, the industrialist, the workers, the intellectuals and the enviromentalist, all working united under a centrist technocratic goverment, where there is no more ideas of politics or the likes, only the rule of science and technological progress for that is what the ARP wants and it is what the ARP will work toward achieving