Kingdom of Varkrina

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## Kingdom of Varkrina

* Flag
* Map

### Official Language

* Varkrinian
* Aendo-Varkrinian

### Alphabet

* Official Privilian script
* Handwritten Privilian script
* Varkrinian logographic
* The Aendo-Varkrinian syllabary (Unofficially)

### Color

#007749 (0, 119, 73)

### Area

6100026 km²

The **Kingdom of Varkrina**, otherwise known as **Varkrina**, is a sovereign nation located in the northeast of Draband and in southeastern Aendia. It consists of Vakrina and two autonomous regions of Aendo-Varkrina and Silistry.

## History

### Pre Water & Air (±15000 BC-±8000 BC)

During the last ice age, many humans travelled across ice bridges to Draband and Aendia in a search for a new home. These people are the ancestors of all current humans on both continents, including the Varkrinian people. Many of those that would settle in what is now modern day Varkrina, would live near the coast and inland from there.

### Water & Air Era (±8000 BC-100 BC)

#### Pre-establishment

Before the establishment of Vakrina, the land was inhabited by Varkrinian tribes. These tribes ruled under small chiefdoms and similar regimes. They were quite isolated from other nations and communication was only with neighbouring tribes. Despite this isolated living style, the Varkrinian tribes had a lot in common. In 155 BC, the southern Varkrinian tribes came into contact with a Tauarian vessel, stranded in the Varkrinian Bay, which taught them a lot about the world outside of the prairies and forests that they lived in. This knowledge would be passed on to different tribes and started the study of a larger, centralised government rather than the small tribal chiefdoms that roamed the lands that now make Varkrina.

### Growing Fire Era (100 BC-320 AC)

In 63 BC, another Tauarian vessel would land in the bay, this time with more hostile intent. Despite the Tauarian's vast technological advantage, the Varkrinian tribe of Skrivlx, located at modern day Skrävilia, had the terrain advantage. A 2 hour conflict occurred, which was won by the Skrivlxiense. No casualties fell during the battle, but the Tauarians were executed after a thorough interrogation, feeding the knowledge of the outside world to the Varkrinians further. The Tauarian Empire was unable to respond due to it falling 4 decades after the conflict.

#### Naval reforms

In 102 AC, contact with a Joserian vessel occurred in the same bay as the Tauarians. This time, the Joserians would never leave and integrate into the Vistrian community of Brixjjös, located at what is now called Drozaz. The vast amount of knowledge would help the tribes to learn reliable smithing and teach them about larger, centralised governments. In 192 AC, the Varkrinians made huge leaps forward in terms of ships and war vessels, leading to contact being accelerated by so-called "Coast Jockeys" and larger ships, capable of sailing further out into sea without the need of constant resupplying. Due to this, Varkrinian tribes in the northern tip of Draband and in the far eastern point of the Zelestionk Peninsula had increased contact and trade, which promoted the spread of knowledge about governments and states, leading to the first Varkrinian nation in the latter mentioned peninsula, called the Republic of Zelestia. This state was semi-federalised and consisted of only 4 communities in the farthest tip of the peninsula. This state would last 4 years before being dismantled peacefully, due to the lack of knowledge of running a nation.

#### Development for a centralised government

Nevertheless, the accumulated information would be crucial for the Varkrinian's development in the Pfakiljüs Valley, the region located at the tip of the Varkrinian bay. In 244 AC, a Tauarian vessel would land again in the Varkrinian Bay to conquer the fertile terrain. For 7 months, they controlled the region near Źästõk, but had no backup vessels to assist them. Once the summer came and the local tribes roamed the lands with their flocks of sheep, they spotted the Tauarians and called an assault on their makeshift huts. This would prove to be difficult, as their huts were fortified and were guarded by a batalion of about 20 warriors and 10 archers. For 17 hours straight, the Varkrinian tribes launched a siege on their mini-fortress, deep into the night. Eventually, the Tauarians were captured and executed in the local villages, their possessions were taken and the ship was dismantled.

The news about this attack would spread across the tribes, raising the concern of a future attack. In 280 AC, Vistrian elders started forging their own government concept, which would be equivalent to a monarchy. This concept would be refined for another 30 years. In 311 AC, the Vistrian tribe started spreading the concept around to neighbouring tribes and assembled all the chiefs to have a long meeting about how this future nation will be governed and what it'll be called. In 319 AC, the name "Varkrina" would be chosen, which means "All Vars under one", an ancient word used to describe the Varkrinian tribes. A year later, the nation would be founded in the Pfakiljüs Valley, with the control in the Varkrino-Vistrian royal family, with their village of origin (Brixilia) becoming the capital.

### Red Coloured Sunrise Era (320-470)

#### Establishment

At the time, Varkrinia was a small nation and hadn't developed much when it came to infrastructure and trade. In 392 however, a new ambitious king, named Ändi the Great was set on developing Varkrinia into a greater nation. It started with building improved infrastructure and a capital named Brixilia. In 415 the king started investing in a modernised army and started developments for a navy. Ändi the Great would die in 430, due to an outbreak of Lupus at the time. The son of Ändi, Kharia, would take the throne and develop the military further.

### Sun and Earth Era (470-620)

#### First Great Expansion

In 448, Varkrina started expanding further into neighbouring tribes, with little to no resistance. During that time the tribes of Silistry started to resist against the Varkrinian soldiers invading their lands. This led to the first war in 458, the First Silistro-Varkrinian war. This war was short lasted, due to the Varkrinian army being more developed than the Silistrian rebels. In 462, Varkrina stopped expanding into unclaimed territory, due to economic issues. The king, Kharia, would die 5 years later, in 467. The daughter of Kharia, Vivjan, would become queen in 468. The nation recovered from its economic crisis and in 490 the nation's infrastructure would be radically expanded as well. In 512 the nation would stumble onto silver deposits just outside of Brixilia, leading to an economic boom from trade. The nation also improved its food production shortly afterwards.

#### Reign of Prijedo

In 550, Vivjan would die, with her son, Prijedo the Terrible as heir to the throne. Prijedo would deprive its nation of wealth by spending the money the nation had. This led to a severe famine in 578, which the king did nothing against. This led to the citizens of Varkrina angered and in 581 the people rebelled against the king. The king in return sent the military to opress the people, which led to a civil war in Varkrina, which lasted from 582 to 595. The war ended up in a tie, because the war was taking its toll on production, infrastructure, happiness and wealth. in 600, Varkrina expanded into Aendia, but stopped shortly after, due to a growing rebellion in Silistry.

### Burning Star Era (620-720)

#### Second Silistro-Varkrinian War

Prijedo the Terrible sent in the military into Silistry in 612, which led to an increase of anger in Silistry. In 620 the Silistrian people formed an anarchist rebellion group, named "Free Silistrian Territory". This rebellion group grew rapidly, until 627, where Prijedo the Terrible tried opressing them. This oppression attempt failed and sparked the beginning of the biggest civil war in Varkrina, the Second SIlistro-Varkrinian war. Initially, Varkrina was losing and in 630, Brixilia got destroyed by Silistrian rebels. Shortly after, Prijedo the Terrible died in combat and his son was forced to take over at a young age. The son, named Dzhjakyba, led the Varkrinian army at the age of 12, but with surprising results. In 636 the Silistrian rebels were severely weakened by the powerful Varkrinian army, led by the young king. In 640, the capital of Silistry was captured, but the rebels kept fighting. In 648 the rebels were defeatened by the Varkrinian army in Lguivorpa, a small town in the southern point of Varkrina.

The Silistrian people did get an autonomous region assigned to them, so they would have a bit of their desired sovereignity, of which the SIlistrians were happy with. Dzhjakyba was declared a hero, and ruled the nation well in the years following the war. He developed a new capital in 653, named New Brixilia, located north of where the former capital was.

### Dimming Atmosphere Era (720-820)

In 720 Dzhjakyba would die, leaving behind a prospering nation for his daughter, Sarjüva. The vast wealth allowed for a reform of the Navy and an investment into a new road, that links many important cities along the coast of the Varkrinian bay. This road (translated) is called the Water Proximity road. The name refers to the nearby bay that it stretches around. This road would be under construction for 63 years, from 733 to 796. Trade wouldn't be improved that much, as most of it went over the sea.

#### Aendo-Varkrinian rebels

In 800, rebellions started forming in Aendia, with Aendo-Varkrinians demanding autonomy. Sarjüva died in that same year, leaving her daughter, Izhuru to solve the crisis in Aendo-Varkrina. In 812 they were granted autonomy within the kingdom, leading to a slow de-escalation of the situation there. Following from the autonomy granted to Aendo-Varkrina, the queen set up a funding department in the kingdom in 814 for provinces and regions to fund their own projects. This would improve internal stability and help the nation focus on international affairs. In 820, Izhuru would visit Joseria on an official visit to talk about trade. This visit in the grand scheme was nothing, but relatively it was huge, for it was the first time a Varkrinian Royal family member left the nation. This would be also the last official visit up to this day.

### Qästiliös & Tcilvüs Era (820-1000)

#### Ocean Crossing Advancement

In 833, a way was found to safely cross the Western Ocean by means of island hopping and redesigned long-distance vessels, improving trade further. This new crossing path shortened the time to 13 weeks and reduced casualties by 3/4. The exact chain of islands that the Varkrinian ships follow, is kept secret, to keep a dominant position in the Western Ocean. In 863, silver production was at its highest. The trade in information also boomed along with silver, providing the Varkrinians with crucial information, mostly weaponry and early metallurgy. Izhuru died in 875, passing the nation on to Jäzai.

#### Draband Exploration

3 years after Jäzai took control, a small Varkrinian fleet was sent to explore the coast of Draband, returning 12 years later. The fleet discovered all coastal nations in Draband and forwarded this information to the king. The fleet left from Ljanön, the capital of the westernmost province in Varkrina and came back in Je'eshwo, a town on the coast of Silistry. This information was soon given to the cartographers of Varkrina, who developed the most accurate map of Draband in that time.

#### Cultural Development

In 912, a division started occurring in the Privili religion, causing a slight destabilisation in the Privili community. This division is minimal and has no influence on the nation's stability, due to the freedom of religion. The Enlightend Time A wave of renowned painters would rise in 918, causing a cultural boom and promotes the development of artistic masonry, stoneworks and ornament of swords from high class soldiers, which led to formal rituals and early dressing styles. This long lasting wave of cultural growth would also develop the growth of many sciences, the largest growth would be found in astronomy, material studies and biology. This wave would be funded by Jäzai and be the last project funded with his permission before his death. The cultural wave would be referred to as the Enlightend Time and would last 23 years. In 932, Jäzai would die, with Zajav being assigned queen.

#### Reign of Zajav

Zajav would stop funding the Enlightend Time in 941, due to the decrease of cultural growth. Instead, it was invested in developing weaponry and new naval vessels. This sudden change to a militaristic focus upset the masses, but it was not reverted. It would massively help modernising the army, with a disappointing growth for the navy. This investment would stop in 944, due to growing resistance and to prevent a rebellion. The development of new weaponry led to the creation of the Qoqorõ sword, which is the most iconic sword of Varkrina.

##### 955 Terrorist Attack

In 955, the first documented terrorist attack took place in a market in Dzhivupfa, a town located near the border of Silistry. 3 Silistrian men with axes started vandalising the market and killing people, until an army soldier took them down. 17 people died due to the Silistrian men and two were killed when taken down, while the other escaped and was never found. The damages were large and the border with Silistry started getting guarded more. This event shocked the nation and the queen visited the town to increase morale.

Despite this event, no changes were made to prevent a similar situation in the future. In 973, Zajav ordered an infrastructure project connecting the inland towns and cities to the coastal network. These roads would go up to the boundaries of Varkrina at the time. Near the death of Zajav, she ordered the remaining territory that was unclaimed to be annexed to find a liable iron source, to no avail. Her death would be shortly after the integration of these new territories, in 980. Dziana, her niece, would be crowned queen.

### Dormant Era (1000-1100)

After Dziana was crowned, the nation slowly cooled down and went into a passive state. Investments were kept at a minimum, trade was normal and innovation was booming. In 1014, a new way of irrigation helped make farms more efficient with less water. This was done by the means of small clay canals flowing water around, without flooding the fields. In 1017, a comet was spotted crossing over Varkrina, inspiring astronomers. That same year, an even more viable process of creating dyes was made true. 1023 was the first year that new long distance ships were created by Varkrina, which shortened the travel time over the Western ocean to 9,5 weeks. In 1038, the first transcription of scientific information was put into a book, improving the spread of crucial information among scientists, albeit, at a very high cost. Medical advances were also made, with the discovery of anti-inflammatory properties of a certain plant in 1044, and the discovery of crude bandages made from boiled cowskin in 1045. In 1050, Dziana died and Markijüs took control. Silver reached an all-time peak in export, with 533 kilograms being brought away by ship that same year. After 1063, the innovative period dropped and the nation fell back into a hibernative state.

### Western wind Era (1120-1200)

In 1103, Markijüs died from a bad eye infection, which lead to Rälqiv the Wise taking over. In 1108, iron and coal imports suddenly dropped, causing shortages to grow and production of many products to halt. The nation went into a crisis, lacking the most crucial resource. Imports returned to normal 6 months later, but the iron crisis had a long lasting effect. With this in mind, Rälqiv started ordering searches to be made for iron rich areas, to no avail. The ground of Varkrina at the time was low in iron, even in the most mountainous region.

#### FIrst Expansion Period

This led to the concept of expanding west into the mountains to find iron. That was difficult, due to the large tribal communities living in that area. Despite that, Rälqiv sent a diplomat to Kyurisoyo in 1114 to discuss the possibility of integrating them into Varkrina. At first, the idea was rejected. But Rälqiv decided to visit them again in 1118, except he was going to come along that time. With great success, Rälqiv managed to negotiate that Kyurisoyo would join the Kingdom of Varkrina as a province with slight autonomy in 1123. The new province was given a bit of (...), due to the high amount of Kyurisoyan living there. The neighbouring tribe, Vogersberg, was opposed by the idea of bordering Varkrina. A Varkrinian controlled DMZ was established on the border, which followed the Jazyk river up to Vogersberg old border. In the newly acquired land, iron was found, but in semi-low quantities. The highest concentration of iron was found near the border with Yutamguro. Despite this, the nation's demand for iron was supplied and production would be increased. In 1144, coal was found near the iron mines, which helped clear the shortage of coal and boost production more. Another flutter in the trading flow occured in 1146, which had no influence on Varkrina, thanks to the new internal access to coal. Rälqiv soon gained the nickname "Rälqiv the Wise" for his miraculous negotiation, helping the nation immensely.

#### Second Expansion Period

In 1153 however, the iron mines started getting depleted, requiring a new source to be found. Rälqiv quickly looked towards Yutamguro and considered negotiation with them. The first attempt was in 1155, which failed. The Yutamguronese were against the policy of Varkrina and found their actions to be imperialistic. The second attempt was in 1163, this time Rälqiv brought gifts and other goods. It was denied as well for the same reason. in 1178, the chief of the largest tribe died, and his son took over. Soon after, Rälqiv tried again. The negotiations lasted 4 years, but Yutamguro finally agreed to be integrated as a semi-autonomous province. Vogersberg, again, was objecting to this expansion and demanded that the DMZ would get extended. Rälqiv reluctantly agreed, knowing his troops would take too long to arrive and hold off an attack. He would die 2 years later, with Shongklás taking over as king. He would immediately order the search for iron and coal, which would be quickly discovered.

#### Opening Of New Mines

In 1192, he would order the opening of 4 large iron mines and 1 large copper mine, establishing the end of the foreign iron dependency. He would also order the opening of a new silver mine, a small gold mine and two small copper mines. In the first year of the new silver mine, the element Selenium would be discovered and be used for jewelry. In 1198, the photovoltaic properties of Selenium would be discovered by a jewel maker, from contact with silver wrapped around a Selenium sphere in sunlight, causing a small current. From then on, scientists started studying Selenium, with the first large experiment in 1200.

## Topography

### Draband

The Kingdom of Varkrina has a lot of forests and grasslands covering its territory, with some rolling hills and mountains covered by tropical-like forests deeper into the continent. Near the border is the Central Mountain Range and Dzhäsälä Range, that stretches across the border. These mountain ranges are more arid and extremer. The highest point is Mount Spffazhysnj, a mountain that is 5.203 metres high. The climate on the coast and in the north consists of a temperate climate, with cool summers and warm winters. Deeper inland, a more warmer Mediterranean climate and even a tropical climate at the border can be found. The Dzhäsälä Range at the edge of the Central Mountain Range is considered the gateway to the Central Mountain Range, with large temperature differences and a dryer climate. The Central Mountain Range has a very extreme climate and would be a desert, if it wasn't for the altitude. The largest mountain of Varkrina can be found here. The flora and fauna are super diverse on mainland Varkrina. Many of these organisms are used as symbols for tribes and communities. Some organisms are culturally so important, that they're almost considered sacred and are often used as gifts.

Many rivers splice through the south and central regions of Varkrina, with some of the major rivers running through the southern economic region. The names of these rivers are the Tvari, Kotálix, Mäshncälka, Qü Täsha and Tso Täsha, Dzhamba and Visy. Most of these rivers occur from glaciers in the mountain ranges outside Varkrinian territory, although the river Tvari starts from a rain supplied lake deeper inland. This lake is called after the river, which is Tvari.

### Aendia

In Aendo-Varkrina are more Savannah like grasslands, but with milder temperatures. Wildlife consists of mostly birds and tougher mamalian life. Reptiles are rare, but can be found. Plantlife is limited and have evolved to withstand such tough enviroment. The highest point in Aendo-Varkrina is an unnamed hill that is 418 metres high.

## Government & Politics

### Government

The Kingdom of Varkrina is an absolute monarchy, with 1 king or queen ruling the nation. The autonomous regions have leaders assigned by the king or queen. The ruling royal family holds a predominantly ecological standard of living, believing in living with nature, instead of living off of nature. Trees that get chopped will be replaced by sapplings, farmland that has been fully deprived of nutrients will be replaced with either lakes, or plants, to let nature profit off of. This ideology is such an important value of Varkrinian culture, that villages and towns are often constructed within uncleared forests.

### Politics

#### Foreign relations

Varkrina is in no alliance and is currently trying to keep it that way, due to their isolationism. They do hold slightly positive relations with a few countries, and has negative ones with Tauaria and Vogersberg. The positive relations are due to trade and the negative relations with Tauaria is due to Aendo-Varkrina being claimed by them and Vogersberg condemning the integration of two non-Varkrinian tribes into Varkrina.

#### Geography (OUTDATED)

The Kingdom of Varkrina is divided into 7 provinces, 3 semi-autonomous provinces (Chätsik Valisinü, literally province with benefits) and 2 autonomous regions, all with their own districts. Each province/autonomous region has their own capital assigned to them, which houses the King's/Queen's Representative's Office. Here is a representative chosen by the king or queen, their job is to run the province and address issues that the king or queen would have no time for. The capitals of each district also contain a similar office, which will be the office for a representative chosen by the representative. This office has no name, and is usually referred to the District Representative's office.

The 7 provinces with capitals are:

* Dyezf, its capital being Rakhza (Pop. 61.572).
* Yookhza, its capital being Yizdyeg (Pop. 71.880).
* Vzachiz, its capital being Rezap (Pop. 89.234). This province is also home to the capital, New Brixilia.
* Sháyië, its capital being Drozaz (Pop. 68.873). Drozaz is a city built on the ruins of Brixilia, but was not named after the old capital.
* Zyoufyi, its capital being Graza (Pop. 32.782).
* Vprifyi, its capital being Klakh Yizaye (Pop. 28.159).
* Khayiye, its capital being Lyiayon (Pop. 12.892). This province is also the least populated province of Varkrina

The Kingdom of Varkrina also has 2 autonomous regions under its control. Their leaders fall under the King's/Queen's Representatives, but have more independent than the provinces. The 2 autonomous regions with capitals are:

* Silistry, its capital being Washji (Pop. 33.934).
* Aendo-Varkrina, its capital being Ryodezia (Pop. 18.263).

## Economy (OUTDATED)

The economy of Varkrina is well developed and open, despite the isolationism of Varkrina. The nation trades with many countries in the Goman trading route, due to the relatively easy acces to the trading route. The country specialises in the export of silver and lumber.

### Waterways

Due to the open economy, Varkrina developed many waterways in economically strategic regions to help improve the export further. These waterways are mostly man-made, but others are also rivers that have been altered. Due to the many waterways, ships can go from city to city and take a relatively short time doing so.

#### Origin

The origin of these waterways date back to when silver was discovered near what is now modern day Drozaz. The precious silver quickly begun becoming the most important exported product. Due to the silver mines being inland and far away from the coasts, export was difficult. The king at the time started funding a massive waterway project, to improve transport of silver and other goods to other cities and nations. Due to the relatively flat terrain of the nation this didn't cost a lot. This project also help with the improvement of their navy, as they now were able to dock in the cities that need the protection of a navy the most.

### Import & export

#### Import

The Kingdom of Varkrina does not import much. The only products they import a lot is coal and iron, due to a lack of coal and iron within the territory of Varkrina. These two products make up for 66% of the total import, the rest being other minerals.

#### Export

Due to the relatively flat terrain of the Kingdom of Varkrina, it exports mostly silver and lumber products. These two products make up for 73% of all Varkrinian exports. The other exported products are agricultural products and minerals. These make up for 27% of the export.

##### Silver

68% of all produced silver gets exported. This is because the country has a low demand for silver, considering the rich presence of it near the capital. It is the backbone of the Varkrinian economy and without it, almost half of the total export would remain.

##### Lumber

47% of all lumber gets exported as well. The nation produces more lumber than silver, but it makes up less of the Varkrinian economy. The high production of lumber allows the national demand to be fulfilled.

## Demographic

The Kingdom of Varkrina has a total population of 3,2 million, of whom 47% are male, 43% are female and 10% consisting of a third gender, called Qiri (ancient Varkrinian for "Otherlike". This gender is an androgynous looking person who holds predominantly caretaking roles in Varkrinian culture, such as priest, nanny or teacher. Qiri's are equally divided by biological males and females.

### Nationality

The Kingdom of Varkrina is comprised of 67% Varkrinian, 15% Silistrian, 3% Aendo-Varkrinian and 5% other. This is due to the strict immigration policy set up by the royal family, to prevent foreign influences.

### Religion

62% of the nation is Privili, a religion that dates back to ancient Varkrinian tribes, 20% is atheist and 18% are other, smaller religions that are not widespread. The nation has quite an open policy when it comes to religion, as anyone can believe anything they want.

## Language (WIP)

Varkrinian is an isolated language spoken by about 3 million people as a first language and 744,000 people as a second language, constituting of the population of Varkrina and the immigrants abroad. Varkrina is the only nation with Varkrinian as its official language

### Origin

The language first originated from the Privilian religion, whereby Varkrinian tribes used to carve out rudimentary letters into the bark of trees as a form of worship. It later got put onto paper for the first time in 387, creating the Kha'anah, also known as the Privilian bible. This script slowly evolved from that time on until 924, whereby the official Privilian script was finalised. It still remains the same in 1200.

### Classification

* Coastal Drabantia
	+ Varkrino-Silistrian
		- Varkrinian

Varkrinian has its entirely own family tree, due to it being a very isolated language. The largest closest relative to Varkrinian is Armänuanese, a lesser known language that is found in northern Varkrina, spoken by about 622,000 people. There are many other languages in the Kingdom of Varkrina, but these are minor languages, with only 20,000 speakers or less.

Varkrinian stands out in quite some ways compared to other languages in Earferana, having features that are quite rare. For instance Varkrinian has vowel backness harmony, which is unique, especially for a fusional language like Varkrinian. Other than vowel harmony, Varkrinian has an extensive sound inventory that makes it difficult for foreigners to learn.

### Phonology

#### Consonants

Varkrinian has an extensive consonant inventory, containing sounds that are very rare. Some of these sounds can be found in other languages that are closely related to Varkrinian, while others are uniquely Varkrinian. Some sounds have strict rules attached to them, making them less prevalent than others. The aspirated sounds for instance can only be found at the end of a consonant cluster in a syllable, while the bilabial affricate /p͡ɸ/ is an unstressed version of /pf/. The voiced glottal fricative /ɦ/ can not be found preceding these sounds in a cluster.

#### Vowels

Varkrinian contains 15 vowel sounds and has vowel backness harmony. The vowels are split into 3 groups: positive (front), neutral (central) and negative (back). This means that only central vowels can be found together with both front and back vowels in a syllable. Only 4 vowels have a long variant, which are considered to be dated and dropped in colloquial conversations, but in formal settings they are still used.

The diphthongs are a side effect of words clustering without any consonants in-between the vowels.

### Grammar

Although some argue it's an agglutinative language, Varkrinian is officially recognised as a fusional language, with a medium to high amount of inflection. Nouns and adjectives can be inflected by case and number, while pronouns can be inflected for gender and case. Verbs can be inflected for tense, voice, number and person.

#### Noun inflection

Varkrinian nouns can be inflected by case and number:

* 5 grammatical cases, which are the nominative, accusative, genitive, dative and instrumentalis. These cases have 4 declensions, both related to vowel harmony and consonant-final or vowel-final endings;
* 5 numbers, these being the singular, dual, trial, paucal and plural. Paucal indicates an unspecified amount of something, comparable to adding the word "some" in an English sentence.

Adjectives also inflect by case, but not by number. The cases also has 4 declensions with adjectives. The article also only inflects by case and only has 3 numbers instead of 5: singular, intermediate and plural. Intermediate is a mixture of dual, trial and paucal and means either one of them according to context.

#### Verb inflection

Varkrinian verbs are divided into 2 groups, weak verbs and strong verbs. Weak verbs can be inflected for tense, voice, number and person with a suffix, while these have inflections has 2 declensions related to vowel harmony. On the other hand strong verbs can also incline for the same, except the word structure changes overal instead of applying a suffix. These strong verbs are derived from ancient inflections and declensions that no longer exist, so only an amount of verbs are considered strong.

Varkrinian verbs can be inflected by:

* 3 tenses: past, present and future;
* 2 voices: passive and causative;
* 2 numbers: single and plural;
* 3 persons: first, second and third.

All of these inflections have 2 declensions related to vowel harmony. The auxiliary verb can always be found after the main verb. Varkrinian does not have an infinite form of verbs, which is unusual for a language. This adds onto the difficulty of Varkrinian to foreigners.

### Word order

The default word order in Varkrinian is VOS, meaning that the verb comes first in a sentence, then the object and then the subject. There is also a second word order, used in questions, which is the SVO order. This distinction between a questioning word order and a default word order is very present in Varkrinian, as it creates a lot of confusion when they're mixed.

### Orthography

Varkrina has 3 official scripts. These scripts have their own reason of usage, but the official Privilian script is the script used in formal occasions. The other 2 scripts being:

* The handwritten Privilian script. This is a simplified version of the official Privilian script and consists of more diagonal lines. Each character does have an initial, medial and final form, which is not seen in the official script.
* Varkrinian logography. Due to Varkrina being a diverse nation with many languages and communication methods, the official Privilian script is too foreign for them in situations with many formal words and complex words. The Varkrinian logographic script opts them an alternative in which both sides can understand each other. Although being archaic and almost extinct at one point, the logographic script is deemed useful for those that have a different script as a mother tongue besides Varkrinian. The logographic itself is purely a script and contains barely any phonological difference.

Aendo-Varkrinian, the second official language, has their own unofficial script. This script is a syllabary, developed by the natives to rebel against the usage of the Varkrinian scripts. This is due to the Aendo-Varkrinian language being too different compared to Varkrinian itself, making the Privilian scripts incompatible for writing Aendo-Varkrinian. This script is also used by their sister language Nuovo Varkrino. The script itself is based off of an ancient Aendo-Varkrinian script, which itself is a regular alphabet.

#### Official Privilian (Outdated)

The official Privilian script is an alpha-syllabary based script, with 27 base letters and 18 diacritics, of which 15 vowel diacritics. An alpha-syllabary means that vowels officially do not have their own letter and must be added through diacritics. The writing direction is left-to-right and top-to-bottom. Official Privilian has no letter case, meaning there are no capital letters.

##### History

The script evolved from the Varkrinian logography around 698, when people started simplifying the logography and used it for a more syllabary styled writing. This developed further into the alpha-syllabary style script in 746. This script was adopted by the ruler of the nation at the time and was finalised in 924, being established in the law as well, which stopped all evolving of the script. Unofficial variants can be found for dialects and languages that aren't compatible with the script. These variants are often accompanied by their official variant and in some cases with the logographic script.

## Flag (OUTDATED)

The Varkrinian flag consists of a upper dark blue half, with 12 stars and the Varkrinian tricolor at the bottom. The big star represents unity and strength, with the 12 smaller stars representing the provinces and autonomous regions. The blue represents the sky at night, for purity. The Varkrinian tricolor stands for the ancient ways of the Varkrinian tribes, with white standing for a bright future, green standing for nature and black standing for determination. This flag was adopted in 1183, to seal the integration of the two Mijovian tribes.

### History

#### Pre federalisation

The Varkrinian tribes used to indicate their tribes of origin through intricate clothing designs. Some tribes chose for a very unique design, others had a very simple design. Yet most of the Varkrinian tribes used black and white shades, which displayed a greater Varkrinian unity, even before the nation was created. Some speculated that these similarities were accounted for and some even say it was intentional. While this is up for debate, it's generally accepted that these similarities were caused by trading of dyes and such.

#### Federalisation

##### First flag

In 320, the Kingdom of Varkrina was created by Jzayip after neighbouring countries influenced the many tribes and sparked a general improvement in intertribal communication. At the time, the Varkrinians were known for their deep black that they used to dye many products. This flag wouldn't be used for long, due to how expensive it was to make the iconic deep black. The ratio of the flag is 1:2, meaning per 1 unit of length in width, there are 2 units of length in length.

##### Second flag

In 396, Ändiiy changed the flag to a bright white. This was due to the black dye having a high production cost, which eventually became too expensive to afford in their expanding kingdom. The flag kept the same ratio when they changed the colour.

##### Third flag

In 634, in the midst of the second Silistro-Varkrinian war, Jziyakoba changed the flag to the flag of the Varkrinian army flag, to leave the era of Priyedo the Terrible behind him. This flag was soon to be spotted at the first major victory in the war, the battle of Washji. The flag consisted of the iconic Varkrinian green, that was cheaper to make than the black dye they produced. This flag would be short lived, as is still involved the basic single colour design that was used since the beginning of the Kingdom of Varkrina.

##### Fourth flag

in 734, Sarjyuia adopted the first flag in Varkrinian history to contain more than 1 colour. This flag consisted of 2 horizontal bands, the top band being white and the bottom band being black and a Varkrinian green isosceles triangle based on the hoist side. This flag would be a representative of the many events that has happened in the Kingdom of Varkrina up to that point, with the 3 colours representing the three eras that came before the fourth era. The eras are based on the flags that were adopted beforehand.

##### Fifth flag

In 810, Iyurusj had adopted a new flag, to represent his ruling of the Kingdom of Varkrina. The flag consisted of the same 2 horizontal bands of the previous flag, with the colours flipped. Instead of a triangle, it had a narrow Varkrinian green stripe, that consisted of 1/5th of the flag's width. This design was soon to be replaced, due to the unpopularity of the black on top.

##### Sixth flag

In 820, Iyurusj adopted the iconic Varkrinian tricolour, that had the white on top again. The flag was widely accepted to be the icon of the Kingdom of Varkrinia, as it was simple, yet unique. Many seafaring traders loved this new flag, due to the fact that the previous one made them seem more villainous in the Goman trading route, as the black on top distraught most of the traders in that route. This flag made them seem more friendly, and business among the traders boomed, once they hung this flag on their ships.

##### Seventh flag

In 902, the seventh Varkrinian flag was adopted by Yezayo, after most people felt the tricolour was too basic. The current flag went through many different designs, as an artist was hired to design the new one 5 months prior to the adoption of the current flag. These designs have been lost in history, but some claim that there once was a quintuple colour, a flag that consisted of 5 equal horizontal bands with different colours. Others claim there was a design that used completely different colours. These ditched designs were forgotten in history, after the current flag was loved by many.

##### Current flag

In 1183, a year after the integration of Yutamguro, Rälqiv ordered the new design of the Varkrinian flag, this time to represent all provinces and regions. The three stars turned into 1 central star and 12 smaller stars surrounding the larger star. The large star kept the same meaning as the previous star, with the smaller stars representing a province/autonomous region.

## List of kings and queens

This is a list of all ruling kings and queens, with the adhering dates of ruling.

* Xajip, 320 to 392.
* Ändi the Great, 392 to 430.
* Kharia, 430 to 467.
* Vivjan, 468 to 550.
* Prijedo the Terrible, 550 to 632.
* Dzhjakyba, 632 to 720.
* Sarjüva, 720 to 800.
* Izhuru, 800 to 875.
* Jäzai, 875 to 932.
* Zajav, 932 to 980.
* Dziana, 980 to 1050.
* Markijüs, 1050 to 1103.
* Rälqiv the Wise, 1103 to 1184.
* Shongklás, 1184 to present.

## Military

The military of the Kingdom of Varkrina is organised into 3 levels:

* Väträlõs (Army)
* Chäshnt (Navy)
* Kosot Dzhovylo (A special army that specialises in national conflicts)

In total there are 78.437 soldiers in the Varkrinian army, 25.538 active and 53.099 reserve.

The navy of Varkrina is large, with 380 vessels total. These consist of 4 types of ships, from small Coast Hopper ships, to large Destroyers. In addition to that, are many civilian ships that in an emergency, can be seized by the military for naval battles.

### Páfysovko tūla klös ilchälchlös

"Páfysovko tūla klös ilchälchlös" (IPA: /pɑfɨsˈovko tuːla klœs ilˈʧɛlʧlœs/) meaning "United under the Gods", is the official motto of the Varkrinian army. This motto is to symbolise the unity during a time of chaos, to symbolise strength stretched over miles of frontlines and to symbolise the determination of the Varkrinian military. This motto was developed during the Second Silistro-Varkrinian war as a way to fend off the Silistrian rebels during times that morale was low. It has been chosen ever since and still is used up to this day, even on the army flag.

## Trivia

* This nation is the most detailed country in Earferana Chronicles.
	+ Previous most detailed nations are Corda and Goman Empire respectively.