recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
House Of Cards

***House of Cards*** is an American political thriller web television series created by Beau Willimon. It is an adaptation of the 1990 BBC miniseries of the same title and based on the novel of the same title by Michael Dobbs. The first 13-episode season was released on February 1, 2013, on the streaming service Netflix.

*House of Cards* is set in Washington, D.C. and is the story of Congressman Frank Underwood (Kevin Spacey), a Democrat from South Carolina's 5th congressional district and House Majority Whip, and his equally ambitious wife Claire Underwood (Robin Wright). Frank is passed over for appointment as Secretary of State, so he initiates an elaborate plan to attain power, aided by Claire. The series deals with themes of ruthless pragmatism,[2] manipulation, betrayal, and power.[3]

*House of Cards* received positive reviews and several award nominations, including 33 Primetime Emmy Award nominations, including for Outstanding Drama Series, Outstanding Lead Actor for Spacey, and Outstanding Lead Actress for Wright.[4] It is the first original online-only web television series to receive major Emmy nominations.[5] The show also earned eight Golden Globe Award nominations, with Wright winning for Best Actress – Television Series Drama in 2014 and Spacey winning for Best Actor – Television Series Drama in 2015.[6]

In 2017, following sexual misconduct allegations against Spacey, Netflix announced that Spacey would be removed from the show. The sixth and final season was produced and released in 2018 without Spacey's involvement; in the narrative, his character Frank Underwood was killed off between seasons.

## Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House\_of\_Cards\_(American\_TV\_series)
Jesse James

**Jesse Woodson James** (September 5, 1847 – April 3, 1882) was an American outlaw, bank and train robber, guerrilla, and leader of the James–Younger Gang. Raised in the "Little Dixie" area of western Missouri, James and his family maintained strong Southern sympathies. He and his brother Frank James joined pro-Confederate guerrillas known as "bushwhackers" operating in Missouri and Kansas during the American Civil War. As followers of William Quantrill and "Bloody Bill" Anderson, they were accused of participating in atrocities against Union soldiers and civilian abolitionists, including the Centralia Massacre in 1864.

After the war, as members of various gangs of outlaws, Jesse and Frank robbed banks, stagecoaches, and trains across the Midwest, gaining national fame and often popular sympathy despite the brutality of their crimes. The James brothers were most active as members of their own gang from about 1866 until 1876, when as a result of their attempted robbery of a bank in Northfield, Minnesota, several members of the gang were captured or killed. They continued in crime for several years afterward, recruiting new members, but came under increasing pressure from law enforcement seeking to bring them to justice. On April 3, 1882, Jesse James was shot and killed by Robert Ford, a new recruit to the gang who hoped to collect a reward on James' head and a promised amnesty for his previous crimes. Already a celebrity in life, James became a legendary figure of the Wild West after his death.

Despite popular portrayals of James as an embodiment of Robin Hood, robbing from the rich and giving to the poor, there is no evidence that he and his gang shared any loot from their robberies with anyone outside their close kinship network.[1] Scholars and historians have characterized James as one of many criminals inspired by the regional insurgencies of ex-Confederates following the Civil War, rather than as a manifestation of alleged economic justice or of frontier lawlessness.[2] James continues to be one of the most iconic figures from the era, and his life has been dramatized and memorialized numerous times.

## Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse\_James

-https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/jesse-james-is-murdered
Miller Test

The **Miller test**, also called the **three-prong obscenity test**, is the United States Supreme Court's test for determining whether speech or expression can be labeled obscene, in which case it is not protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution and can be prohibited.

## History and Details:

The Miller test was developed in the 1973 case *Miller v. California*. It has three parts:

* Whether "the average person, applying contemporary community standards", would find that the work, taken as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest,
* Whether the work depicts or describes, in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct or excretory functions specifically defined by applicable state law,
* Whether the work, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.

The work is considered obscene only if *all three* conditions are satisfied.[*citation needed*]

The first two prongs of the Miller test are held to the standards of the community, and the last prong is held to what is reasonable to a person of the United States as a whole. The national reasonable person standard of the third prong acts as a check on the community standard of the first two prongs, allowing protection for works that in a certain community might be considered obscene but on a national level might have redeeming value.[*citation needed*]

For legal scholars, several issues are important. One is that the test allows for community standards rather than a national standard. What offends the average person in Manhattan, Kansas, may differ from what offends the average person in Manhattan, New York. The relevant community, however, is not defined.

Another important issue is that the Miller test asks for an interpretation of what the "average" person finds offensive, rather than what the more sensitive persons in the community are offended by, as obscenity was defined by the previous test, the Hicklin test, stemming from the English precedent.[*citation needed*]

In practice, pornography showing genitalia and sexual acts is not *ipso facto* obscene according to the Miller test. For instance, in 2000, a jury in Provo, Utah, took only a few minutes to clear Larry Peterman, owner of a Movie Buffs video store, in Utah County, Utah. He had been charged with distributing obscene material for renting pornographic videos which were displayed in a screened-off area of the store clearly marked as adult-only. The Utah County region had often boasted of being one of the most socially conservative areas in the United States. However, researchers had shown that guests at the local Marriott Hotel were disproportionately large consumers of pay-per-view pornographic material, accessing far more material than the store was distributing.

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller\_test
Catherine Hill Legend

**Catherine Mountain** is a 962-foot-high (293 m) mountain in Township 10 SD, Hancock County, Maine. *Catherine's Hill* is locally referred to as the section of the Black's Woods Road (Route 182 between Franklin and Cherryfield) which summits near the mountain. Both are named after a legendary woman named Catherine, whose ghost is said to haunt the hill.

Travelers who claim to have seen Catherine's ghost on the hill most commonly describe a woman approaching the traveler asking for a ride, sometimes to Bar Harbor. Catherine is said to be dressed in a light blue evening or ball gown. Travelers who decline the ghost's request suffer various consequences. Purportedly Catherine was traveling on the road with her husband or boyfriend, after their wedding or prom night in Bar Harbor, when they were in some kind of accident (that it was a car accident is belied by the fact that the "Catherine's Hill" moniker predates the widespread use of cars in the area, at least back to the 1930s). It is said that Catherine lost her head in the accident, that her significant other was never found, and that Catherine wanders Catherine's Hill and the Black's Woods area searching for her head and her missing love.

The book *Dark Woods, Chill Waters: Ghost Tales from Down East Maine* contains several variations on the legend. It also includes testimony suggesting that the Catherine legend may have been based on an entirely uneventful evening in the life of one Catherine Downing, d. December 29, 1862.
America's Most Wanted

Iconic logo for AMW

***America's Most Wanted*** is an American television program[1][2] that was produced by 20th Television. At the time of its cancellation by the Fox television network in June 2011, it was the longest-running program in the network's history (25 seasons), a mark since surpassed by *The Simpsons*. The show started off as a half-hour program on February 7, 1988. In 1990, the show's format was changed from 30 minutes to 60 minutes. The show's format was reverted to 30 minutes in 1995, and then back to 60 minutes in 1996. A short-lived syndicated spinoff titled *America's Most Wanted: Final Justice* aired during the 1995-96 season.

## Links:

-https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0094415/

-https://www.facebook.com/1800crimetv
Ancient Order Of Hibernians

Ancient Order of Hibernians logo

The **Ancient Order of Hibernians** (**AOH**; Irish: *Ord Ársa na nÉireannach*[1][2]) is an Irish Catholic fraternal organization. Members must be male, Catholic, and either born in Ireland or of Irish descent. Its largest membership is now in the United States, where it was founded in New York City in 1836. Its name was adopted by groups of Irish immigrants in the United States,[3] its purpose to act as guards to protect Catholic churches from anti-Catholic forces in the mid-19th century, and to assist Irish Catholic immigrants, especially those who faced discrimination or harsh coal mining working conditions. Many members in the coal mining area of Pennsylvania had a background with the Molly Maguires. It became an important focus of Irish American political activity.

## Links:

-https://aoh.com/

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient\_Order\_of\_Hibernians
Delaware River

The **Delaware River** is a major river on the Atlantic coast of the United States. It drains an area of 14,119 square miles (36,570 km2) in five U.S. states: Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania. Rising in two branches in New York state's Catskill Mountains, the river flows 419 miles (674 km) into Delaware Bay where its waters enter the Atlantic Ocean near Cape May in New Jersey and Cape Henlopenin Delaware. Not including Delaware Bay, the river's length including its two branches is 388 miles (624 km). The Delaware River is one of nineteen "Great Waters" recognized by the America's Great Waters Coalition.

The Delaware River rises in two main branches that descend from the western flank of the Catskill Mountains in New York. The West Branch begins near Mount Jefferson in the Town of Jefferson in Schoharie County. The river's East Branch begins at Grand Gorge near Roxbury in Delaware County. These two branches flow west and merge near Hancock in Delaware County, and the combined waters flow as the Delaware River south. Through its course, the Delaware River forms the boundaries between Pennsylvania and New York, the entire boundary between New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and most of the boundary between Delaware and New Jersey. The river meets tide-water at the junction of Morrisville, Pennsylvania, and Trenton, New Jersey, at the Falls of the Delaware. The river's navigable, tidal section served as a conduit for shipping and transportation that aided the development of the industrial cities of Trenton, Camden, and Philadelphia. The mean freshwater discharge of the Delaware River into the estuary of Delaware Bay is 11,550 cubic feet per second (327 m3/s).

Before the arrival of European settlers, the river was the homeland of the LenapeNative Americans. They called the river Lenapewihittuk, or Lenape River, and Kithanne, meaning the largest river in this part of the country.

In 1609, the river was first visited by a Dutch East India Company expedition led by Henry Hudson. Hudson, an English navigator, was hired to find a western route to Cathay (present-day China), but his discoveries set the stage for Dutch colonization of North America in the 17th century. Early Dutch and Swedish settlements were established along the lower section of river and Delaware Bay. Both colonial powerscalled the river the *South River*, compared to the Hudson River, which was known as the *North River*. After the English expelled the Dutch and took control of the New Netherland colony in 1664, the river was renamed *Delaware* after Sir Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, an English nobleman and the Virginia colony's first royal governor who defended the colony during the First Anglo-Powhatan War.
Jihadi John

Jihadi John with his characteristic mask on

**Mohammed Emwazi** (born **Muhammad Jassim Abdulkarim Olayan al-Dhafiri**; Arabic: محمد جاسم عبد الكريم عليان الظفيري‎; 17 August 1988 – 12 November 2015) was a British Arab believed to be the person seen in several videos produced by the Islamic extremist group ISIL showing the beheadings of a number of captives in 2014 and 2015. A group of his hostages nicknamed him "John" since he was part of a four-person terrorist cell with English accents whom they called "The Beatles"; the press later began calling him "**Jihadi John**".[3]

On 12 November 2015, U.S. officials reported that Emwazi had been hit by a drone strike in Raqqa, Syria.[16] His death was confirmed by ISIL in January 2016.

## Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihadi\_John
Automobile Inflation

Automobile Inflation occurs when a society tends towards more expensive modes of transportation despite the fact that cheaper, more readily available modes exist. The current situation with cars in the U.S. is that they are designed to be complicated, expensive, and therefore very expensive.

Also, foreign automakers that produce cheaper cars appear to have been purposefully kept out of the US car market by governmental agencies citing legal reasons.
Meese Report

The **Meese Report** (named for Edwin Meese), officially the ***Final Report of the Attorney General's Commission on Pornography***, is the result of a comprehensive investigation into pornography ordered by U.S. President Ronald Reagan. It was published in July 1986 and contains 1,960 pages.

The report is divided into five parts and 35 chapters and details most aspects of the pornography industry, including the history of pornography and the extent of First Amendment protections. The report also documents what the committee found to be the harmful effects of pornography and connections between pornographers and organized crime. The report was criticized by many inside and outside the pornography industry, calling it biased, not credible, and inaccurate.[1][2] The report along with revised prosecution tactics under Attorney General Meese was effective in reducing pornography markets in some jurisdictions prior to the Internet.
Bridge To Nowhere

A **bridge to nowhere** is a bridge where one or both ends are broken or incomplete and does not lead anywhere. If it is an overpass or an interchange, the term **overpass to nowhere** or **interchange to nowhere** may be used, respectively.[2][3] There are three main origins for these bridges:

* The bridge was never completed for reasons such as cost or disputed property rights.
* One or both of the bridge's ends have collapsed or have been destroyed – e.g., by earthquake, storm, flood, or war.
* The bridge is no longer used, but was not demolished because of the cost; for example, the bridges on an abandoned railway line.

Further, the term "bridge to nowhere" may be used by political opponents to describe a bridge (or proposed bridge) that serves low-population areas at high cost, a symbol of pork barrel spending.[4]
CH Kadels

CH Kadels is an online catalog that provides military, paramilitary and survivalist paraphernalia for enthusiasts worldwide. If you are into the United States military, a patriot, a Christian or simply a doomsday prepper, then you'll probably like the material on CH Kadels.

-https://www.chkadels.com/
Impeachment

**Impeachment in the United States** is the process by which a legislature (usually in the form of the lower house) brings charges against a civil officer of government for crimes alleged to have been committed, analogous to the bringing of an indictment by a grand jury. At the federal level, this is at the discretion of the House of Representatives. Most impeachments have concerned alleged crimes committed while in office, though there have been a few cases in which officials have been impeached and subsequently convicted for crimes committed prior to taking office.[1] The impeached official remains in office until a trial is held. That trial, and their removal from office if convicted, is separate from the act of impeachment itself. Analogous to a trial before a judge and jury, these proceedings are (where the legislature is bicameral) conducted by the upper house of the legislature, which at the federal level is the Senate. However, impeachment is not a criminal proceeding, as the defendant does not risk forfeiture of life, liberty or property; the only penalty is removal from office upon conviction by two-thirds of the senators present. Upon conviction (no president or vice-president has ever been convicted), a second vote is held to determine, by majority vote of the senators present, if the convicted office holder shall be barred from holding further federal office.

Impeachment may occur at the federal level or the state level. The federal House can impeach federal officials, including the President, and each state's legislature can impeach state officials, including the governor, in accordance with their respective federal or state constitution.

## Links:

-https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeachment\_in\_the\_United\_States

-https://www.history.com/topics/us-government/impeachment-in-us-history

-https://history.house.gov/Institution/Origins-Development/Impeachment/
Department of the Interior

Seal of the Department of the Interior.

The **United States Department of the Interior** (**DOI**) is a federal executive department of the U.S. government. It is responsible for the management and conservation of most federal lands and natural resources, and the administration of programs relating to Native Americans, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians, territorial affairs, and insular areas of the United States. About 75% of federal public land is managed by the department, with most of the remainder managed by the United States Department of Agriculture's United States Forest Service.

The department is administered by the United States secretary of the interior, who is a member of the Cabinet of the president. The current secretary is David Bernhardt, who previously served in the Department as deputy secretary. The inspector general position is currently held by Mary Kendall, who is serving as acting inspector general.

Despite its name, the Department of the Interior has a different role from that of the interior ministries of other nations, which are usually responsible for police matters and internal security. In the United States, national security and immigration functions are performed by the Department of Homeland Security primarily and the Department of Justice secondarily.

The Department of the Interior has often been humorously called "The Department of Everything Else" because of its broad range of responsibilities.

## Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United\_States\_Department\_of\_the\_Interior

-https://www.facebook.com/USInterior

-https://www.usa.gov/federal-agencies/u-s-department-of-the-interior
Article 15 Clothing

*As Article 15 Clothing developed from an idea to a reality, the guiding light has been to provide the best quality of clothing to our supporters. In addition, to bring laughter and awareness to the men and women who have so selflessly protected our freedoms. Article 15 Clothing’s branding hopes to bring together the community and show how we support our constitutional rights and the brave souls who protect them.*

-https://article15clothing.com/
Flag Of Arizona

The **flag of Arizona** consists of 13 rays of red and weld-yellow on the top half, the colors of the flag of Spain, representing the 13 original U.S. states. The red and yellow also symbolize Arizona's picturesque sunsets. The copper star represents the copper mining industry in Arizona. The rest of the flag is colored blue, representing the Colorado River.

The height of the flag is two units high while the width is three units wide. The sun rays at the top are divided into 13 equal segments, starting with red and alternating with gold until the rays are complete. In the center of the flag, the copper star is one unit high, while the rest of the flag is covered by blue section measuring one unit high and three units wide. The colors of red and blue are the same shade used on the flag of the United States. The specific colors of copper and gold have not been set down in law. The suggested flag size is four by six feet, with the star being two feet tall.[1]
Krokodil

**Desomorphine** is a synthetic opioid developed by Roche, with powerful, fast-acting effects, such as sedation and analgesia. It was first discovered and patented by a German team working for Knoll in 1922 but wasn't generally recognized. It was later synthesized in 1932 by Lyndon Frederick Small, who also successfully patented it in 1934 in the United States,[8]desomorphine was used in Switzerland under the brand name Permonid and was described as having a fast onset and a short duration of action, with relatively little nausea compared to equivalent doses of morphine. Dose-by-dose it is eight to ten times more potent than morphine.

Desomorphine is a morphine analogue where the 6-hydroxyl group and the 7,8 double bond have been reduced.[8] The traditional synthesis of desomorphine starts from α-chlorocodide, which is itself obtained by treating thionyl chloride with codeine or prescription opioid pain medicines such as OxyContin and Vicodin. By catalytic reduction, α-chlorocodide gives dihydrodesoxycodeine, which yields desomorphine on demethylation.

### References:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desomorphine
Expatriot

An **expatriate** (often shortened to **expat**) is a person residing in a country other than their native country.[1] In common usage, the term often refers to professionals, skilled workers, or artists taking positions outside their home country, either independently or sent abroad by their employers, which can be companies, universities, governments, or non-governmental organisations.[2] However, the term 'expatriate' is also used for retirees and others who have chosen to live outside their native country. Historically, it has also referred to exiles.[3]

## Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expatriate

-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JehVgDogTEM
Flag Of Colorado

The **flag of the state of Colorado** consists of three horizontal stripes of equal width; the top and bottom stripes are blue, and the middle stripe white. On top of these stripes sits a circular red "C", filled with a golden disk. The blue is meant to represent the skies, the gold stands for the gold rush in the late 19th century, the white represents the snowcapped mountains, and the red represents the ruddy earth.[1]
Blue Law

**Blue laws**, also known as **Sunday laws**, are laws designed to restrict or ban some or all Sunday activities for religious or secular reasons, particularly to promote the observance of a day of worship or rest. Blue laws may also restrict shopping or ban sale of certain items on specific days, most often on Sundays in the western world. Blue laws are enforced in parts of the United States and Canada as well as some European countries, particularly in Austria, Germany, Switzerland, and Norway, keeping most stores closed on Sundays.

In the United States, the U.S. Supreme Court has held blue laws as constitutional numerous times, citing secular bases such as securing a day of rest for mail carriers,[1] as well as protecting workers and families, in turn contributing to societal stability and guaranteeing the free exercise of religion.[2][3][4] The origin of the blue laws also partially stems from religion, particularly the prohibition of Sabbath desecration in Christian Churches following the first-day Sabbatarian tradition. Both labour unions and trade associations have historically supported the legislation of blue laws.[2] Most blue laws have been repealed in the United States, although some states ban the sale of alcoholic beverages on Sundays and many states ban selling cars on Sundays.
Dead Rabbits

The **Dead Rabbits** was the name of an Irish American criminal street gang in Lower Manhattan in the 1850s. The Dead Rabbits were so named after a dead rabbit was thrown into the center of the room during a gang meeting, prompting some members to treat this as an omen, withdraw, and form an independent gang. Their battle symbol was a dead rabbit on a pike.[1] They often clashed with Nativist political groups who viewed Irish Catholics as a threatening and criminal subculture.[2][3] The Dead Rabbits were given the nicknames the "**Mulberry Boys**" and the "**Mulberry Street Boys**" by the New York City Police Department because they were known to have operated along Mulberry Street in the Five Points.

## Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead\_Rabbits
Amicus Curiae

An ***amicus curiae*** (literally, "**friend of the court**"; plural, ***amici curiae***) is someone who is not a party to a case and may or may not have been solicited by a party and who assists a court by offering information, expertise, or insight that has a bearing on the issues in the case; and is typically presented in the form of a brief. The decision on whether to consider an amicus brief lies within the discretion of the court. The phrase *amicus curiae* is legal Latin.
Fencing

**Fencing** is a group of three related combat sports. The three disciplines in modern fencing are the foil, the épée, and the sabre; winning points are made through the contact with an opponent. A fourth discipline, singlestick, appeared in the 1904 Olympics but was dropped after that, and is not a part of modern fencing. Fencing was one of the first sports to be played in the Olympics. Based on the traditional skills of swordsmanship, the modern sport arose at the end of the 19th century, with the Italian school having modified the historical European martial art of classical fencing, and the French school later refining the Italian system. There are three forms of modern fencing, each of which uses a different kind of weapon and has different rules; thus the sport itself is divided into three competitive scenes: foil, épée, and sabre. Most competitive fencers choose to specialize in one weapon only.

Competitive fencing is one of the five activities which have been featured in every modern Olympic Games, the other four being athletics, cycling, swimming, and gymnastics.

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fencing
Goatman

**The Goatman of Maryland** is a legendary half-goat half-human creature that has the head and hindquarters of a goat and the body of a human. He is also known for living in basements

According to urban legend, the Goatman is an axe-wielding half-animal, half-man creature that was once a scientist who worked in the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center. The tale holds that he was experimenting on goats until one experiment backfired, and he was mutated, becoming goat-like himself. He then began attacking cars with an axe, roaming the back roads of Beltsville, Maryland. A variation of the legend tells of the Goat-man as an old hermit who lives in the woods, seen walking alone at night along Fletchertown Road.[1]

According to University of Maryland folklorist Barry Pearson, the goatman legends began "long, long, long" ago and were further popularized in 1971 when the death

of a dog was blamed on Goatman by local residents. Pearson says "bored teenagers" keep the Goatman legend alive by repeating the story and suggesting that the creature attacks couples frequenting the local lovers lane, subsequently stirring interest in sites like Fletchertown Road.

## Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goatman\_(Maryland)
Asset Forfeiture

Forfeiture was originally presented as a way to cripple large-scale criminal enterprises by diverting their resources. But today, aided by deeply flawed federal and state laws, many police departments use forfeiture to benefit their bottom lines, making seizures motivated by profit rather than crime-fighting. For people whose property has been seized through civil asset forfeiture, legally regaining such property is notoriously difficult and expensive, with costs sometimes exceeding the value of the property. With the total value of property seized increasing every year, calls for reform are growing louder, and CLRP is at the forefront of organizations seeking to rein in the practice.
Judicial Review

Judicial Review is the power of the U.S. Supreme Court to review laws and actions from Congress and the President to determine whether they are constitutional. This is part of the checks and balances that the three branches of the federal government use in order to limit each other and ensure a balance of power.

## Links

-https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-judicial-review-104785
Colonial Gothic

Colonial Gothic is a supernatural historical role-playing game inspired by the history and setting of

the American colonial period, from the founding of Roanoke in 1568 to the end of the War of 1812 at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815. From the initial discovery of America by the Europeans to the War of Independence, Colonial Gothic provides Gamemasters and players with everything they need to set games in this period, but with a supernatural twist.

-https://www.rogue-games.net/colonial-gothic
Hoosac Tunnel

The **Hoosac Tunnel** (also called **Hoosic** or **Hoosick Tunnel**) is a 4.75-mile (7.64 km) active railroad tunnel in western Massachusetts that passes through the Hoosac Range, an extension of Vermont's Green Mountains. It runs in a straight line from its east portal, along the Deerfield River in the town of Florida, to its west portal in the city of North Adams.

Work began in 1851[1] under an estimated cost of $2 million and ended in 1875, having used $21 million. At its completion, the tunnel was the world's second-longest, after the 8.5-mile (13.7 km) Mont Cenis Tunnel through the French Alps. It was the longest tunnel in North America until the 1916 completion of the Connaught Tunnel under Rogers Pass in British Columbia.[3] It remains the longest active transportation tunnel east of the Rocky Mountains, and as of 1989 is the sixth longest railroad tunnel in North America. The American Society of Civil Engineers made the tunnel an Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1975.

"Hoosac" is an Algonquian word meaning "place of stones".

## Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoosac\_Tunnel
Flag Of Connecticut

The **flag of the state of Connecticut** is a white baroque shield with three grapevines, each bearing three bunches of purple grapes on a field of azure blue. The banner below the shield reads "Qui Transtulit Sustinet", Latin for "He who transplanted still sustains"), Connecticut's state motto. The flag dimensions are 5.5 feet (1.7 m) in length and 4.33 feet (1.32 m) in width.[1]
Insurance Trap

The 'Insurance Trap' is the notion that society has cultivated a situation where everyone is expected to be on insurance, paying monthly premiums even when doing is is unnecessary and even harmful to the financial situation of the citizens.

The current issue with health insurance in the United States is a prime example of how bloated and corrupt the insurance system in our society has become.
Hudson River

The **Hudson River** is a 315-mile (507 km) river that flows from north to south primarily through eastern New York in the United States. The river originates in the Adirondack Mountains of Upstate New York, flows southward through the Hudson Valley to the Upper New York Bay between New York City and Jersey City. It eventually drains into the Atlantic Ocean at New York Harbor. The river serves as a political boundary between the states of New Jersey and New York at its southern end. Further north, it marks local boundaries between several New York counties. The lower half of the river is a tidal estuary, deeper than the body of water into which it flows, occupying the Hudson Fjord, an inlet which formed during the most recent period of North American glaciation, estimated at 26,000 to 13,300 years ago. Tidal waters influence the Hudson's flow from as far north as the city of Troy.

The river is named after Henry Hudson, an Englishman sailing for the Dutch East India Company, who explored it in 1609, and after whom Hudson Bay in Canada is also named. It had previously been observed by Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano sailing for King Francis I of France in 1524, as he became the first European known to have entered the Upper New York Bay, but he considered the river to be an estuary. The Dutch called the river the *North River* – with the Delaware River called the *South River* – and it formed the spine of the Dutch colony of New Netherland. Settlements of the colony clustered around the Hudson, and its strategic importance as the gateway to the American interior led to years of competition between the English and the Dutch over control of the river and colony.

During the eighteenth century, the river valley and its inhabitants were the subject and inspiration of Washington Irving, the first internationally acclaimed American author. In the nineteenth century, the area inspired the Hudson River School of landscape painting, an American pastoral style, as well as the concepts of environmentalism and wilderness. The Hudson was also the eastern outlet for the Erie Canal, which, when completed in 1825, became an important transportation artery for the early-19th-century United States.

## References:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson\_River

-https://www.hudsonriver.com/

-https://www.timesunion.com/news/article/Eek-Was-that-a-shark-in-the-Hudson-River-15561959.php
Irish Brigade

The **Irish Brigade** was an infantry brigade, consisting predominantly of Irish Americans, that served in the Union Army in the American Civil War. The designation of the first regiment in the brigade, the 69th New York Infantry, or the "Fighting 69th", continued in later wars. The Irish Brigade was known in part for its famous war cry, the "Faugh a Ballaugh", which is an anglicization of the Irish phrase, *fág an bealach*, meaning "clear the way". According to Fox's *Regimental Losses*, of all Union army brigades, only the 1st Vermont Brigade and Iron Brigade suffered more combat dead than the Irish Brigade during America's Civil War.

## Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish\_Brigade\_(Union\_Army)

-https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/the-irish-brigade
Area 51

The United States Air Force facility commonly known as **Area 51** is a highly classified remote detachment of Edwards Air Force Base, within the Nevada Test and Training Range. According to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the correct names for the facility are **Homey Airport** (ICAO: **KXTA**) and **Groom Lake**,[2][3] though the name *Area 51* was used in a CIA document from the Vietnam War.[4] The facility has also been referred to as *Dreamland* and *Paradise Ranch*,[5][6] among other nicknames. USAF public relations has referred to the facility as "an operating location near Groom Dry Lake". The special use airspace around the field is referred to as Restricted Area 4808 North (R-4808N).[7]

The base's current primary purpose is publicly unknown; however, based on historical evidence, it most likely supports the development and testing of experimental aircraft and weapons systems (black projects).[8] The intense secrecy surrounding the base has made it the frequent subject of conspiracy theories and a central component to unidentified flying object (UFO) folklore.[9][10]Although the base has never been declared a secret base, all research and occurrences in Area 51 are Top Secret/Sensitive Compartmented Information (TS/SCI).[9] On 25 June 2013, following a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request filed in 2005, the CIA publicly acknowledged the existence of the base for the first time, declassifying documents detailing the history and purpose of Area 51.[11]

Area 51 is located in the southern portion of Nevada in the western United States, 83 miles (134 km) north-northwest of Las Vegas. Situated at its center, on the southern shore of Groom Lake, is a large military airfield. The site was acquired by the United States Air Force in 1955, primarily for the flight testing of the Lockheed U-2aircraft.[12] The area around Area 51, including the small town of Rachel on the "Extraterrestrial Highway", is a popular tourist destination.

## References:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area\_51

-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jh\_EME9M-mg

-https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/research/a24152/area-51-history/
Independence Party

The **Independence Party**, established as the **Independence League**, was a short-lived minor American political party sponsored by newspaper publisher and United States Representative William Randolph Hearst in 1906. The organization was the successor to the Municipal Ownership League, under whose colors Hearst had run for Mayor of New York in 1905.

Following its second-place finish in a race for Governor of Massachusetts in 1907, the party set its sights on the Presidency, and held a national convention to nominate a ticket in 1908. The party garnered only 83,000 votes nationally in the 1908 election, however, and immediately dissolved as a national force.

The Independence League of New York continued to nominate candidates for office in New York state until the state election of 1914.

## References:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence\_Party\_(United\_States)
Canadian Geese

The **Canada goose** (*Branta canadensis*) is a large wild goosespecies with a black head and neck, white cheeks, white under its chin, and a brown body. Native to arctic and temperate regions of North America, its migration occasionally reaches northern Europe. It has been introduced to the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Argentina, Chile, and the Falkland Islands.[2] Like most geese, the Canada goose is primarily herbivorous and normally migratory; it tends to be found on or close to fresh water.

Extremely successful at living in human-altered areas, Canada geese have proven able to establish breeding colonies in urban and cultivated areas, which provide food and few natural predators. The success of this common park species has led to its often being considered a pest species because of its depredation of crops and its noise, droppings, aggressive territorial behavior towards both humans and other animals, and its habit of begging for food (caused by human hand feeding).

## Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada\_goose
Demon Dog Of Valle Crucis

Valley Crucis is a town in North Carolina famed for its picturesque landscape and for a particular feature of its topography: a riverine formation that results in a misty cross forming early in the morning and often persisting well into the daylit hours. This massive cross-shaped weather pattern is what gives the town its name, which translates as 'Valley of the Cross.'

This town is also home to a famed Hellhound who is said to stalk the cemetery of a local church. This old, stone-built structure is where the beast is repeatedly seen, and it often chases people out of its territory.

-https://www.quotev.com/story/1373445/North-Carolina-Ghost-Stories-legends/10
Journal Of The American Revolution

Official logo of the Journal of the American Revolution

*Journal of the American Revolution* is the leading source of knowledge about the American Revolution and Founding. We feature meticulous, groundbreaking research and well-written narratives from scores of expert writers. Our work has been featured by the New York Times, TIME Magazine, History Channel, Discovery Channel, Smithsonian, Mental Floss, Mount Vernon, and more. *Journal of the American Revolution*also produces annual hardcover volumes and its own book series.

-https://allthingsliberty.com
Lemon Laws

Lemon Laws are state-enforced regulations or means of redress for people who have purchased a car and that vehicle has proven to have serious faults before the runout of the manufacturer's warranty. These laws change in scope and duration according to state.

-http://www.dot.state.pa.us/public/dvspubsforms/BMV/BMV%20Fact%20Sheets/fs-lemon.pdf

-https://www.avvo.com/legal-answers/is-it-legal-for-a-dealership-to-sell-a-vehicle-wit-2521364.html

-https://itstillruns.com/pennsylvania-regarding-returning-used-cars-7878527.html
Curse of the Bambino

The **Curse of the Bambino** was a superstitious sports curse evolving from the failure of Major League Baseball team Boston Red Sox to win the World Series in the 86-year period from 1918 to 2004. While some fans took the curse seriously, most used the expression in a tongue-in-cheek manner.[1]

This misfortune began after the Red Sox sold star player Babe Ruth (sometimes nicknamed "The Bambino") for $125,000 to the New York Yankees after the 1919 season.[2] Before that point, the Red Sox had been one of the most successful professional baseball franchises, winning the first World Series and amassing five of the first fifteen World Series titles.[3] After the sale, they went without a title for nearly a century, as the previously lackluster Yankees became one of the most successful professional sports franchises in North America.[4] The curse became a focal point of the Yankees–Red Sox rivalry over the years.

Talk of the curse as an ongoing phenomenon ended in 2004, when the Red Sox came back from a 0–3 deficit to beat the Yankees in the best-of-seven American League Championship Series (ALCS), and then swept the St. Louis Cardinals to win the World Series.[5]

The curse had been such a part of Boston culture that when a "reverse curve" road sign on Longfellow Bridge over the city's busy Storrow Drive was graffitied to read "Reverse The Curse,"[6] officials left it in place until the Red Sox won the 2004 World Series. After the World Series that year, the road sign was edited to read "Reversed Curse" in celebration.

### References:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curse\_of\_the\_Bambino
Age of Consent

The **age of consent** is the age at which a person is considered to be legally competent to consent to sexual acts. Consequently, an adult who engages in sexual activity with a person younger than the age of consent is unable to legally claim that the sexual activity was consensual, and such sexual activity may be considered child sexual abuse or statutory rape. The person below the minimum age is regarded as the victim, and their sex partner is regarded as the offender, unless both are underage. The purpose of setting an age of consent is to protect an underage person from sexual advances.

The term *age of consent* rarely appears in legal statutes.[*page needed*] Generally, a law will instead establish the age below which it is illegal to engage in sexual activity with that person. It has sometimes been used with other meanings, such as the age at which a person becomes competent to consent to marriage, but the meaning given above is the one now generally understood. It should not be confused with other laws regarding age minimums including, but not limited to, the age of majority, age of criminal responsibility, voting age, drinking age, and driving age.

Age of consent laws vary widely from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, though most jurisdictions set the age of consent in the range 14 to 18. The laws may also vary by the type of sexual act, the gender of the participants or other considerations, such as involving a position of trust; some jurisdictions may also make allowances for minors engaged in sexual acts with each other, rather than a single age. Charges and penalties resulting from a breach of these laws may range from a misdemeanor, such as *corruption of a minor*, to what is popularly called *statutory rape*.

There are many "grey areas" in this area of law, some regarding unspecific and untried legislation, others brought about by debates regarding changing societal attitudes, and others due to conflicts between federal and state laws. These factors all make age of consent an often confusing subject and a topic of highly charged debates.

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age\_of\_consent
Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act

The **Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act** (**FATCA**) is a 2010 United States federal law requiring all non-U.S. foreign financial institutions (FFIs) to search their records for customers with indicia of a connection to the U.S., including indications in records of birth or prior residency in the U. S., or the like, and to report the assets and identities of such persons to the U.S. Department of the Treasury.[1] FATCA also requires such persons to report their non-U.S. financial assets annually to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) on form 8938, which is in addition to the older and further redundant requirement to report them annually to the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) on form 114 (also known as 'FBAR').[2] Like U.S. income tax law, FATCA applies to U.S. residents and also to U.S. citizens and green card holders residing in other countries.

FATCA was the revenue-raising portion of the 2010 domestic jobs stimulus bill, the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment (HIRE) Act,[3][4] and was enacted as Subtitle A (sections 501 through 541) of Title V of that law. According to the IRS, "FFIs that enter into an agreement with the IRS to report on their account holders may be required to withhold 30% on certain payments to foreign payees if such payees do not comply with FATCA."[5] The U.S. has yet to comply with FATCA itself, because as of 2017, it has not yet provided the promised reciprocity to its partner countries and it has failed to sign up to the Common Reporting Standard (CRS).[6][7][8][9][10] FATCA has also been criticised for its impacts on Americans living overseas, and implicated in record-breaking numbers of U.S. citizenship renunciations throughout the 2010s.[11][12][13] Bills to repeal FATCA have been introduced in the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives

## Links:

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign\_Account\_Tax\_Compliance\_Act

-https://www.irs.gov/businesses/corporations/foreign-account-tax-compliance-act-fatca

-https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/tax-policy/treaties/pages/fatca.aspx
Courageous Restraint Medal

FORWARD OPERATING BASE RAMROD, Afghanistan - NATO commanders are weighing a new way to reduce civilian casualties in Afghanistan: recognizing soldiers for "courageous restraint" if they avoid using force that could endanger innocent lives.

The concept comes as the coalition continues to struggle with the problem of civilian casualties despite repeated warnings from the top NATO commander, Gen. Stanley McChrystal, that the war effort hinges on the ability to protect the population and win support away from the Taliban.

-https://www.cleveland.com/world/2010/05/a\_medal\_for\_courageous\_restrai.html

## References:

-https://www.nationalreview.com/the-feed/new-medal-considered-military-courageous-restraint-award-greg-pollowitz/

-http://www.cnn.com/2010/US/05/12/military.restraint.medal/index.html

-https://rightwingnews.com/military/making-medals-meaningless-giving-them-for-courageous-restraint/