Queadol-Magdomilla

# Queadol Magdomilla Class Command Ship

RPG Stats by Ryan Lenoir

info and pictures provided by

Macross Compendium http://macross.anime.net/wiki/Main\_Page

Macross Mecha manual http://www.macross2.net/m3/m3.html

### Speed:

* Fold Drive: Uses a Fold Drive with a maximum speed of 10 light-years per hour. The ship's navigational equipment cannot safely execute a fold jump of distances greater than 1 kiloparsec (3260 light-years) and it can only be activated once per hour.
* Sublight: Can travel at up to 16 percent of the speed of light (0.16c) and accelerate / decelerate at a rate of 0.15 percent of light (0.0015 c) per melee.
* Atmospheric Propulsion: Uses an anti-gravity drive that has a maximum cruise speed is 350 mph (563.3 km/h) and can enter and leave an atmosphere with Earth-like gravity.
* Maximum Range: Effectively unlimited by drive system, but onboard supplies for the crew and troops will last for 12 months before the ship needs to be restocked. Water stores were recycled almost completely.

### Statistical Data:

* Height: 2467' (751.9 m)
* Width: 3215' (979.9 m)
* Length: 13,077' or 2.5 miles (3985.9 m or 4.0 km)
* Weight: 110.2 million tons (100 million metric tons)
* Reactor System: Tirolian Protoculture Reactor with a life span of 50 years.
* Propulsion System: Anti-Gravity / Chemical Drive
* Gravity System: Internal
* Cargo: Extensive

### Combat Summary:

* Combat Actions: 3
* Strike: +4 to strike with direct fire weapons and +3 to strike with missile weapons.
* Targeting System: Can track up to 700 targets simultaneously.

## Whouva Class Amphibious Command Ship

Due to the position on the bow of combat vessels, and its assault tasks during landings, the Whouva class suffered heavier losses than its larger sister, the Luhoutzs, did. Therefore, production of the former outstripped that of the latter. The Whouva was very effective as a landing command and assault vessel, and was therefore one of the first classes to be refitted with the modern Queadlunn-Rau Tactical Power Armor. In combat the Whouva often air dropped its infantry right after the initial bombardment, using its heavy armament to smash through any remaining defenses. With an initial landing zone secured, the more vulnerable Zentraedi ships and auxiliaries could begin ferrying troops and supplies. This gave the Zentraedi forces a credible 'hot-zone' insertion tactic; the vulnerability of the other craft limited them mostly to deliver troops to a point a safe distance from the defended target. However, care still had to be taken that the Whouva was not employed against an enemy position without orbital softening up first, or worse, alone against another ship. The armament might have been impressive on paper, but in reality the Whouva was a sitting duck; it was slow and lacking a solid punch against these targets. It took the Luhoutzs section to achieve an acceptable defense against such threats.

Externally, the Whouva is one of the most 'bumpy' Zentraedi ships ever built, with a very elongated nose and a huge bulging superstructure towards the rear. The aft end is composed almost entirely out of engine clusters, with three fusion-plasma engines for space flight and numerous secondary plasma-shock engines for additional atmospheric thrust. Several secondary engines are mounted in streamlined clusters on top of the other engines; these give the ship the appearance of having fins. A mecha release hatch is located in the bottom. Four sensor aerials are mounted on top and another cluster is under the nose. The forward hull of the class is more heavily armored than other Zentraedi ships as one of the designed missions was 'hot landing zone insertion', in which the ships could expect to encounter voluminous enemy fire.

Internally, there are seven deck levels. The command spaces and crew quarters are mounted in the 'hump', the service and mecha hanger in the hull proper. The forward spikes house turret machinery and the high-resolution sensor arrays of the Luhoutzs. All mecha are launched through the same hatch, in the bottom. While this is not desirable when action damage to the hangar is considered, the installation does allow for a concentrated combat drop by the infantry. The Raulonve fighters also launch through this hatch from the Whouva. When the Whouva and the Luhoutzs are coupled, combat launches by Whouva mecha are often made from the Luhoutzs section.

The armament of the Whouva was at the same time heavy and underpowered. The heavy guns of the Queadol combination, the four heavy anti-ship cannons, are mounted directly behind the prow, but the small size of the ship and hence of the generators severely limits the available power capacity and thus the rate of fire. The Whouva has between 20% and 25% the normal rate of fire for these weapons, if the ships are disconnected. When connected, the generators of the Luhoutzs will add their power to that generated by the Whouva and allow a normal firing rate. Although the vessel does mount the standard Zentraedi medium cannons and defensive missiles, there are no heavy torpedo tubes, as these are all mounted on the Luhoutzs.

### Ship Information:

* Ship Class Battlecruiser
* Ship Type Command
* Crew 450
* Troops 1260

* Total Crew and Troops 1710

### M.D.C. by location:

```
(1) Main Body                                  80,000
(2) Main Engines (2)                           10,000 each
(2) Secondary Engines (2)                       2,500 each
    Retractable Laser Turrets (10)                150 each
    Retractable Long rang Missile Turrets (5)     100 each
    Retractable Missile Turrets (34)              100 each
    Guidance Thrusters (30)                       400 each
    Airlocks/Access Hatches (50)                  200 each
    Outer Hull (per 40ft area)                    400
    Interior walls (per 20ft)                     150

```

**NOTES:**

1. Depleting the MDC of the main body will put the Gun Destroyer out of commission. All internal systems will shut down, including life support and internal gravity. The ship itself will be an unsalvageable floating wreck.
2. Depleting the MDC of the main engines will force the ship to rely on its secondary engines. Depleting the MDC of the main engines AND secondary engines will leave the ship adrift in space. If in an atmosphere, the ship will crash (destruction of the main engines will render the antigravity system useless due to loss of power).

### Speed:

* Fold Drive: Uses a Fold Drive with a maximum speed of 10 light-years per hour. The ship's navigational equipment cannot safely execute a fold jump of distances greater than 1 kiloparsec (3260 light-years) and it can only be activated once per hour.
* Sublight: Can travel at up to 16 percent of the speed of light (0.16c) and accelerate / decelerate at a rate of 0.16 percent of light (0.0016 c) per melee.
* Atmospheric Propulsion: Uses an anti-gravity drive that has a maximum cruise speed is 350 mph (563.3 km/h) and can enter and leave an atmosphere with Earth-like gravity.
* Maximum Range: Effectively unlimited by drive system, but onboard supplies for the crew and troops will last for 12 months before the ship needs to be restocked. Water stores were recycled almost completely.

### Statistical Data:

* Height: 1808' (551.1 m)
* Width: 1145' (349 m)
* Length: 3950' or 0.7 miles (1204 m or 1.2 km)
* Weight: 27.6 million tons (25 million metric tons)
* Reactor System: Tirolian Protoculture Reactor with a life span of 50 years.
* Propulsion System: Anti-Gravity / Chemical Drive
* Gravity System: Internal
* Cargo: Extensive

### Weapon Systems:

1. **Heavy Reflex Cannon**

The most powerful weapon on the ship, the Heavy Reflex. The cannon is hidden in the core of the ship along the main axis, and the ship separates along this axis to fire. The cannon needs five full minutes to power up its enormous capacitors and another full minute to separate the ship before it is ready to fire. The beam itself will last for one full melee and then the capacitors can begin recharging again. The cannon's strength is equivalent to 120 MT (megatons) of TNT.

1. * Range: 100 miles (160.9 km) underwater, 200 miles (321.9 km) through an atmosphere, and 100,000 miles in space.
	* Damage: 1D6x100,000 M.D. per single blast.
	* Blast Radius: The cannon's beam width is 208' (63.4 m), it has a explosive radius of 36 miles' and a crater depth of 6 miles.
	* Rate of Fire: The cannon can fire once every eight minutes, but can fire no more then five times per hour.
	* Payload: Effectively unlimited
2. **Main Cannon/Particle Beam Cannons** **(6)**

Although not the most powerful weapon on the ship, the main laser cannons represent a large portion of the ship's firepower. Located at the very front of the ship, the cannons are well protected by the hull of the ship, and without careful observation, the weapons' ports can be easily missed, at least until they fire.

1. * Range: 100 miles (160.9 km) underwater, 200 miles (321.9 km) through an atmosphere, and 100,000 miles in space.
	* Damage: 3D8x1000 M.D. per single blast.
	* Rate of Fire: Each cannon can fire once per melee.
	* Payload: Effectively unlimited
2. **Retractable Laser Turrets (24)**

The Lasers Turrets are located in batteries along the all sides of ships and are used as anti-mecha and small anti-ship weapons. They are not very powerful, but if fired in large numbers they can be devastating. Six turrets are located on the top of the ship, eight turrets are located on each side of the ship, four turrets are located on the bottom of the ship, and ten turrets are on the front of the ship.

1. * Range: 1584' (956.6 m) underwater, 3168' (956.6 m) through an atmosphere, and 60 miles (96.6 km) in space.
	* Damage: 2D6x10 M.D. per single blast.
	* Rate of Fire: Each cannon can fire four times per melee, but they must fire in a volley of at least three cannons.
	* Payload: Effectively unlimited
2. **Retractable Long Range Missile Turrets (5)**

These are very similar to the Retractable Laser Turrets, except they fire missiles instead of laser beams. They can use several different types of warheads according to the mission at hand, but they are usually configured to be anti-spaceship missiles with the heaviest warheads available. 12 turrets are located on the top of the ship, 24 turrets are located on the each side of the ship, and 10 turrets are located on the bottom of the ship.

1. * Missile Design: SAA-1 Granite (Gliquoun Touwhaug) Long Range Missile
	* Missile Type: Any available type
	* Missile Guidance Systems: Select any three available guidance systems.
	* Missile Warhead: Any available type
	* Range: 800 miles in an atmosphere and 100,000 miles in space.
	* Speed: 2500 mph (4023 km/h) in an atmosphere and an acceleration of 4% of light (0.04c) per melee in space, with a maximum duration in space of 16 melees and a maximum safe speed in space of 55% of light (0.55c).
	* Damage and Blast Radius: Varies with type of missile warhead.
	* Rate of Fire: Each launched can fire once per melee.
	* Payload: 100 missiles per launcher,.
2. **MEDIUM RANGE MISSILE LAUNCHERS (25):**

For anti-aircraft defense the battle fortress is armed with medium-range missile launchers set at key locations along the ship's hull. Each launcher contains 8 missile tubes allowing volleys of up to 8 missiles to be fired at a single target per launcher. Once depleted, the missile launchers are reloaded by an automated loading system that takes 15 seconds (one melee round) to reload all 8 missiles. Armor-piercing smart missiles are usually used to avoid chances of friendly fighters being shot down by the missiles.

1. * **PRIMARY PURPOSE:** Anti-Aircraft
	* **SECONDARY PURPOSE:** Anti-Warship
	* **MISSILE TYPES:** Any type of UN Spacy Medium Range Missile can be used.
	* **RANGE:** Varies, typically 60 miles (80.4 km).
	* **SPEED:** Varies, typically 1600mph (2571kmph).
	* **DAMAGE:** Varies, typically 2D4x10 M.D.
	* **BLAST RADIUS**: Varies, typically 15 feet.
	* **RATE OF FIRE:** Volleys of 2, 4,6 or 8 missiles per launcher.
	* **PAYLOAD:** Effectively unlimited due to the large ammo supply available.

### Standard Systems:

1. **Life Support System**

The ship has a fully operational life support system that provides fresh atmosphere throughout the ship. The life support system can sustain a maximum of 3000 people indefinitely or 12,000 people for a short period of time in case of an emergency.

1. **Communication Systems**

The ship is equipped with four communication systems. The first is a long range laser system with a maximum range of 100,000 miles (160,934 km), the transmissions travel at the speed of light, but they rely on line of sight, so it cannot communicate with a ship that is on the other side of a solid object. The second system is a long range radio system with a maximum range of 50,000 miles (80,467 km), the transmissions travel at the speed of light, but they are easy to intercept and jam. The third system is a satellite relay system that allows the ship to boost the range of the other communication systems indefinitely by using satellites or other ships to relay the transmission. The forth system is a Hyperspace Communications Relay, which travels at a rate of one light-year every 5 seconds. Hyperspace communications can travel through planets and other obstructions unhindered, are extremely difficult to intercept, and impossible to jam. The ship's communication array can communicate with up to 8000 ships simultaneously.

1. **Sensor Systems**

The ship is equipped with four sensor systems. The first is the Electromagnetic Detection Equipment that detects other sensor systems at twice the maximum range of their transmitter. The second is a powerful array that uses standard radar waves, which are fairly easy to jam, but it is obvious when the radar array is being jammed. The sensor can track tiny targets at a range of up to 750,000 miles (1,207,008 km), small targets at a range of up to 7.5 million miles (12.1 million km), medium targets at a range of up to 15 million miles (24.1 million km), and large targets at a range of up to 22.5 million miles (36.2 million miles). The third is a Subspace Mass Sensor that uses gravity-based technology to detect target's at real time speed. The sensor can track tiny targets at a range of up to 1 million miles (1.6 million km), small targets at a range of up to 10 million miles (16.1 million km), medium targets at a range of up to 20 million miles (32.2 million km), and large targets at a range of up to 30 million miles (48.3 million miles). The forth is a Huperspace Mass Sensor that can detect and track ships that are using a Fold Drive. The sensor can track tiny targets at a range of up to 4 parsecs (13.04 light-years), small targets at a range of up to 20 parsecs (65.2 light-years), medium targets at a range of up to 40 parsecs (130.4 light-years), and large targets at a range of up to 60 parsecs (195.6 light-years). See Tirolian Ship Systems for more details on sensor systems.

1. **Targeting Computer System**

Connecting the ship's sensor systems with the weapon systems is the Targeting Computer System. The system is designed to control all of the weapons currently equipped on the ship. This system can track up to 700 targets simultaneously, providing detailed information about the targets from the ships data files. All direct fire weapons receive a bonus of +4 to strike and all missile weapons receive a bonus of +3 to strike. These bonuses are in addition to any previously stated bonuses or penalties.

### Combat Summary:

* Combat Actions: 3
* Strike: +1 to strike with direct fire weapons and +3 to strike with missile weapons.
* Dodge: +3 and +1 to Dodge with missile weapons.
* Targeting System: Can track up to 700 targets simultaneously.

### MECHA COMPLEMENT (STANDARD): 1260

* Regult Tactical Battle Pod**:** 450
* Regult Light Missile Carrier**:** 240
* Regult Heavy Missile Carrier**:** 150
* Regult Scout Pod**:** 30
* Glaug Officers Pod**:** 25 (+5 Glaug Armoured Vehicles)
* Gnerl Fighter Pod**:** 144
* Nousjadel-Ger Power Armour**:** 144
* Quel Quallie Reconnaisance Pod**:** 24
* **Recovery Pod:** 48

## Luhoutzs Class Task Force Command Ship

### Ship Information:

* Ship Class: Battlecruiser
* Ship Type: Carrier
* Crew: 3400
* Troops: 4018
* Total Crew and Troops: 7,418

### M.D.C. by location:

```
(1) Main Body                                 250,000
(2) Main Engines (4)                           20,000 each
(2) Secondary Engines (2)                      10,000 each
    Forward Light Lasers (15)                      50 each
    Retractable Laser Turrets (40)                150 each
    Retractable Long rang Missile Turrets (5)     100 each
    Retractable Missile Turrets (45)              100 each
    Guidance Thrusters (30)                       400 each
    Airlocks/Access Hatches (50)                  200 each
    Outer Hull (per 40ft area)                    150
    Interior walls (per 20ft)                      20

```

### Speed:

* Fold Drive: Uses a Fold Drive with a maximum speed of 10 light-years per hour. The ship's navigational equipment cannot safely execute a fold jump of distances greater than 1 kiloparsec (3260 light-years) and it can only be activated once per hour.
* Sublight: Can travel at up to 16 percent of the speed of light (0.16c) and accelerate / decelerate at a rate of 0.15 percent of light (0.0015 c) per melee.
* Atmospheric Propulsion: Uses an anti-gravity drive that has a maximum cruise speed is 350 mph (563.3 km/h) and can enter and leave an atmosphere with Earth-like gravity.
* Maximum Range: Effectively unlimited by drive system, but onboard supplies for the crew and troops will last for 12 months before the ship needs to be restocked. Water stores were recycled almost completely.

### Statistical Data:

* Height: 2467' (751.9 m)
* Width: 3215' (979.9 m)
* Length: 9898' or 1.9 miles (3016.9 m or 3.0 km)
* Weight: 82.7 million tons (75 million metric tons)
* Reactor System: Tirolian Protoculture Reactor with a life span of 50 years.
* Propulsion System: Anti-Gravity / Chemical Drive
* Gravity System: Internal
* Cargo: Extensive

### Weapon Systems:

1. **Forward Light Lasers/ Retractable Particle Beam Cannons** **(15)**

Scattered across the hull of the ship are powerful anti-ship particle beam cannons, the cannons stand ready to pop out from under their sliding hatches to attack. Each turret is capable of 360 degrees of rotation with an arc of fire of 180 degrees. Three cannons are located on the top of the ship, two cannons are located on each side of the ship, two cannons are located on the bottom of the ship, and three cannons are located on the front of the ship.

1. * Range: 100 miles (160.9 km) underwater, 200 miles (321.9 km) through an atmosphere, and 100,000 miles  in space.
	* Damage: 1D4x1000 M.D. per single blast.
	* Rate of Fire: Each cannon can fire twice per melee.
	* Payload: Effectively unlimited
2. **Retractable Laser Turrets (40)**

The Lasers Turrets are located in batteries along the all sides of ships and are used as anti-mecha and small anti-ship weapons. They are not very powerful, but if fired in large numbers they can be devastating. Six turrets are located on the top of the ship, eight turrets are located on each side of the ship, four turrets are located on the bottom of the ship, and ten turrets are on the front of the ship.

1. * Range: 1584' (956.6 m) underwater, 3168' (956.6 m) through an atmosphere, and 60 miles (96.6 km) in space.
	* Damage: 2D6x10 M.D. per single blast.
	* Rate of Fire: Each cannon can fire four times per melee, but they must fire in a volley of at least three cannons.
	* Payload: Effectively unlimited
2. **Retractable Long Range Missile Turrets (5)**

These are very similar to the Retractable Laser Turrets, except they fire missiles instead of laser beams. They can use several different types of warheads according to the mission at hand, but they are usually configured to be anti-spaceship missiles with the heaviest warheads available. 12 turrets are located on the top of the ship, 24 turrets are located on the each side of the ship, and 10 turrets are located on the bottom of the ship.

1. * Missile Design: SAA-1 Granite (Gliquoun Touwhaug) Long Range Missile
	* Missile Type: Any available type
	* Missile Guidance Systems: Select any three available guidance systems.
	* Missile Warhead: Any available type
	* Range: 800 miles in an atmosphere and 100,000 miles in space.
	* Speed: 2500 mph (4023 km/h) in an atmosphere and an acceleration of 4% of light (0.04c) per melee in space, with a maximum duration in space of 16 melees and a maximum safe speed in space of 55% of light (0.55c).
	* Damage and Blast Radius: Varies with type of missile warhead.
	* Rate of Fire: Each launched can fire once per melee.
	* Payload: 100 missiles per launcher,.
2. **MEDIUM RANGE MISSILE LAUNCHERS (45):**

For anti-aircraft defense the battle fortress is armed with medium-range missile launchers set at key locations along the ship's hull. Each launcher contains 8 missile tubes allowing volleys of up to 8 missiles to be fired at a single target per launcher. Once depleted, the missile launchers are reloaded by an automated loading system that takes 15 seconds (one melee round) to reload all 8 missiles. Armor-piercing smart missiles are usually used to avoid chances of friendly fighters being shot down by the missiles.

1. * **PRIMARY PURPOSE:** Anti-Aircraft
	* **SECONDARY PURPOSE:** Anti-Warship
	* **MISSILE TYPES:** Any type of UN Spacy Medium Range Missile can be used.
	* **RANGE:** Varies, typically 60 miles (80.4 km).
	* **SPEED:** Varies, typically 1600mph (2571kmph).
	* **DAMAGE:** Varies, typically 2D4x10 M.D.
	* **BLAST RADIUS**: Varies, typically 15 feet.
	* **RATE OF FIRE:** Volleys of 2, 4,6 or 8 missiles per launcher.
	* **PAYLOAD:** Effectively unlimited due to the large ammo supply available.

### Special Systems:

1. **Missile Storage**

The ship has storage for a large number of missiles used by all Zentraedi ships. Fully loaded, the ship holds 100,000 SAA-1 Granite (Gliquoun Touwhaug) Long Range Missiles, 5000 SSA-1 Sniper (Lojredbeth Deuawhaug) Cruise Missiles, and 5000 SSA-2 Scrapper (Letkes Deuawhaug) Cruise Missiles. These can be transferred to other Zentraedi ships to reload their missile supplies or they can be used to reload the ship's own missile launchers. Transferring missiles to another ship takes about ten minutes for every 150 missiles transferred. Reloading the ship's missile racks takes about 1 melee round to completely reload one missile launcher and up to 6 launchers can be reloaded simultaneously.

1. **Weapon Production Facilities**

The ship contains basic weapon construction facilities. There is a single factory aboard the ship and it is dedicated to producing armor and infantry weapons. At normal production, the factory can produce 50 suits of armor of any type and 250 infantry weapons of any type per week. Double rate of production if the factory is at maximum production, but for every month the factory is at maximum production there is a cumulative 5% chance that the factory will fail and must be repaired at a shipyard.

### Standard Systems:

1. **Life Support System**

The ship has a fully operational life support system that provides fresh atmosphere throughout the ship. The life support system can sustain a maximum of 7500 people indefinitely or 30,000 people for a short period of time in case of an emergency.

1. **Communication Systems**

The ship is equipped with four communication systems. The first is a long range laser system with a maximum range of 100,000 miles (160,934 km), the transmissions travel at the speed of light, but they rely on line of sight, so it cannot communicate with a ship that is on the other side of a solid object. The second system is a long range radio system with a maximum range of 50,000 miles (80,467 km), the transmissions travel at the speed of light, but they are easy to intercept and jam. The third system is a satellite relay system that allows the ship to boost the range of the other communication systems indefinitely by using satellites or other ships to relay the transmission. The forth system is a Hyperspace Communications Relay, which travels at a rate of one light-year every 5 seconds. Hyperspace communications can travel through planets and other obstructions unhindered, are extremely difficult to intercept, and impossible to jam. The ship's communication array can communicate with up to 8000 ships simultaneously.

1. **Sensor Systems**

The ship is equipped with four sensor systems. The first is the Electromagnetic Detection Equipment that detects other sensor systems at twice the maximum range of their transmitter. The second is a powerful array that uses standard radar waves, which are fairly easy to jam, but it is obvious when the radar array is being jammed. The sensor can track tiny targets at a range of up to 750,000 miles (1,207,008 km), small targets at a range of up to 7.5 million miles (12.1 million km), medium targets at a range of up to 15 million miles (24.1 million km), and large targets at a range of up to 22.5 million miles (36.2 million miles). The third is a Subspace Mass Sensor that uses gravity-based technology to detect target's at real time speed. The sensor can track tiny targets at a range of up to 1 million miles (1.6 million km), small targets at a range of up to 10 million miles (16.1 million km), medium targets at a range of up to 20 million miles (32.2 million km), and large targets at a range of up to 30 million miles (48.3 million miles). The forth is a Huperspace Mass Sensor that can detect and track ships that are using a Fold Drive. The sensor can track tiny targets at a range of up to 4 parsecs (13.04 light-years), small targets at a range of up to 20 parsecs (65.2 light-years), medium targets at a range of up to 40 parsecs (130.4 light-years), and large targets at a range of up to 60 parsecs (195.6 light-years). See Tirolian Ship Systems for more details on sensor systems.

1. **Targeting Computer System**

Connecting the ship's sensor systems with the weapon systems is the Targeting Computer System. The system is designed to control all of the weapons currently equipped on the ship. This system can track up to 700 targets simultaneously, providing detailed information about the targets from the ships data files. All direct fire weapons receive a bonus of +4 to strike and all missile weapons receive a bonus of +3 to strike. These bonuses are in addition to any previously stated bonuses or penalties.

### Combat Summary:

* Combat Actions: 2
* Strike: +3 to strike with direct fire weapons
* Targeting System: Can track up to 700 targets simultaneously.

### MECHA COMPLEMENT (STANDARD): 4018

* Regult Tactical Battle Pod**:** 1500
* Regult Light Missile Carrier**:** 800
* Regult Heavy Missile Carrier**:** 500
* Regult Scout Pod**:** 100
* Glaug Officers Pod**:** 50 (+50 Glaug Armoured Vehicles)
* Gnerl Fighter Pod**:** 380
* Nousjadel-Ger Power Armour**:** 380
* Quel Quallie Reconnaisance Pod**:** 50
* **Reentry Pods:** 144
* **Recovery Pod:** 4
* **Shuttlecraft:** 60