recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Goblin town

**Goblin-town** is a city that is located underneath the range of the Misty Mountains, ruled by the Great Goblin. It was constructed in a network of caverns, partially burrowed by the Goblins, under the mountains near the High Pass, with exits to the pass itself via the Front Porch, and to the eastern slopes of the Mountain via the backdoor or Goblin gate. The town was built on wooden terraces, huts and flying walkways, with the Goblin King's throne at the hub, and much of its material wealth came from scavenging travelers and the nearby Woodsmen. The lower parts of the caves included the Goblin chasm, and lower still, the subterranean lake where Gollum lived, living partially off of scraps that fell from the town above.

Around TA 2480, Orcs and Goblins from Angmar started making secret strongholds in the mountains blocking the passages towards Eriador. Gollum had found his way in the cave below, feeding himself on raw fish and Goblins that he killed.

The main gate of the town was in one of the passes of the Misty Mountains, but by TA 2941 travellers learned to avoid that dangerous road and the goblins opened another under the safer High Pass (the Front Porch).

RaDuring the journey to Lonely Mountain, Thorin and Company rested in a cave and were captured by the Goblins. They were brought before the Great Goblin, who accused them of spying, and was enraged when he found that Thorin was carrying Orcrist, a sword the Great Goblin remembered from Gondolin. With the help of Gandalf, the Great Goblin was slain and Bilbo and the Dwarves escaped, pursued by force of Goblins. A force of Goblin mercenaries would join Azog's army in the Battle of the Five Armies, operating catapults and occupying Thorin and Dwalin on Ravenhill.
First Age 525

**First Age 525** (abbreviated to **F.A. 525**) is the 525th year of the Sun of the First Age of Middle-earth.

Notable events in this year include:

* Tuor and Idril set sail in their ship, Eärrámë, and leave Middle-earth for Valinor. Alone of all men, Tuor is said to be counted among the Eldar.
* Marriage of Eärendil and Elwing.
Harlond (Gondor)

**Harlond** was the port and docks of the city of Minas Tirith, used by river traffic from the southern regions of Gondor. It lay 3-4 miles to the south of the city, where its fortifications ran alongside the great outlying wall of the Rammas Echor.

On 15 March T.A. 3019 Aragorn and his followers in the fleet from the south landed at Harlond and swept north into the Battle of the Pelennor Fields.

Harlond was considered part of Lossarnach, in the Eastern Gondor region. In the days before the Battle of the Pelennor Fields, it was seized and blockaded by Morgul-orcs.
Gladden Fields

The **Gladden Fields** were a marshland located in the vale of the Gladden river, and on the banks of the river Anduin. It was there that the One Ring was lost by Isildur, and found again centuries later by Déagol the Stoor.

## Geography

The fields started near the mouth of the river Gladden, and went on beyond where it joined the Great River, extending onto its eastern banks. It was a region of many dark pools and islets, with beds of reeds and rushes and many wildflowers - a particularly common flower being the Yellow Iris, which grew there in profusion.

In ancient times when the Silvan Elves were in the region, there was a pool or lake at the intersection of the two rivers; however, over time this receded, forming the marshes.

## History

It was at the Gladden Fields that Isildur and his sons were travelling to Rivendell when they were assailed by Orcs in TA 2. Isildur, in an attempt to escape, jumped into the river, using the Ring to be hidden. However, the Ring slipped from his finger as he swam away, landing in the riverbed, and Isildur was slain by Orcs' arrows on the bank of a small islet.

The fields were later settled by Stoors around TA 1356. The Ring remained undiscovered.

Around two and a half millennia after the ambush, in TA 2463, the Hobbit Déagol found the ring when he was fishing with his cousin Sméagol: an especially large fish pulled him under the water and, spotting it amongst the weeds, he took it to the bank. Ensnared by the Ring's power, the two fought over it, and ultimately it went to Sméagol, who killed Déagol and was eventually twisted into the creature called Gollum.

Later, around TA 2851, Saruman began searching the wetlands for the Ring. He found the Elendilmir, the token of Royalty of the North-kingdom, which Isildur had been wearing at the time of the attack and the casket that had once held the ring. At the meeting of the White Council that year, Saruman overruled Gandalf's suggestion that they drive Sauron from his stronghold in Dol Guldur.

Sauron also sent his servants to search for the Ring. When Saruman learned of this, he agreed to an attack on Dol Guldur in TA 2941 to prevent Sauron from finding the Ring. At the meeting of the White Council in TA 2953, Saruman pretended that the Ring had been carried downriver to the Sea.

In TA 3018 the Nazgûl searched the area looking for '*Shire*' and '*Baggins*' but discovered only long abandoned ruins of Stoor dwellings.
Gollum's Cave

**Gollum's Cave** was the dwelling place of Gollum, otherwise known as Sméagol, from TA 2470 onwards. It was where Bilbo Baggins found the One Ring by chance, which Gollum owned, and took it.

## Description

The cave was located in the depths of the Misty Mountains near Goblin-town. It was close to the Great Goblin's cavern by following an estimated thirty miles of long, dark, and narrow tunnel.

The cave housed a small subterranean lake of ice cold water in which sat a tiny island which supplied Gollum with a small amount of protection from nearby Goblin-town. This lake harbored a species of blind fish, Gollum's main food source throughout the years he spent there.

## History

After being exiled from his family of Stoors in the late twenty-third century of the Third Age, Gollum sought shelter from the Sun under the nearby mountain range, the Misty Mountains. Following the flow of an underground stream, he made his way to a dark cave and made his home there.  He soon found out that Goblins were living close by and used the network of tunnels adjoining his. When he felt bold and hungry enough, Gollum, using his magic ring to become invisible, throttled them and ate them.

In TA 2941, Bilbo Baggins and his company of Dwarves were journeying through the Misty Mountains and were taken by surprise as a group of goblins jumped upon them, causing a great mass of confusion amongst the Dwarves. During their escape from Goblin-town, Bilbo would then have to fend for himself after falling and being missed in the darkness. He soon stumbled upon this cave after finding the One Ring and subsequently met Gollum. Gollum, afraid of Bilbo's Elvish dagger, didn't attack as he normally would have done. Instead, he spoke to Bilbo and ended up taking part in a game of riddles with the hobbit. If Gollum won, he would kill and eat Bilbo, and if Bilbo won, Gollum would show him the way out. After Gollum lost the riddle-game and discovered the loss of the Ring, he became enraged and tried to kill Bilbo. However, Bilbo put on the Ring and used it to follow Gollum to the exit of the cave.

After Bilbo's escape with the Ring, Gollum remained in the cave for a long time. However, he eventually left and wandered Middle-earth, trying to find Bilbo and reclaim his One Ring for himself once again.
Great East Road

The **Great East Road** was a Dwarven road connecting Moria and the High Pass with Belegost and Nogrod in the Blue Mountains. It originally extended west into Beleriand, where it terminated at Thingol's halls at Doriath, and also extends east to the Dwarven mansions in the Iron Hills.

After the First Age, when Eriador became populated with Men, Elves and later Hobbits, it became one of the major roadways in Middle Earth. It crossed with the great South Road at Bree. It also passed through the Shire, near Hobbiton and Michel Delving.

The road was used by Thorin and Company on their journey from Bag End to Trollshaws, and from Rivendell to the High Pass and east over the Bruinen. There, they had to change course to the Elven Road. Aragorn decided against taking The Hobbits through the East Road, instead going into the Wild and through the marshes, although they drew near it when they scaled Weathertop.
Hobbiton

**Hobbiton** was a village in the Westfarthing of the Shire.

## History

Hobbiton was located in the center of the Shire in the far eastern part of the Westfarthing. It was the home of many illustrious Hobbits, including Bilbo Baggins, Frodo Baggins, and Samwise Gamgee. Notable locations in Hobbiton include the Mill and Bag End.
Isengard Orcs

The **Orcs of Isengard** or **Isengarders** were the Orcs that had settled in the pits within the Ring of Isengard, serving the fallen Wizard Saruman. They made up the bulk of his manpower, as well as a significant part of the forces he sent to assail the neighboring kingdom of Rohan.

## History

The wizard's own breeding of Orcs must have began at earliest around T.A. 2990 and these troops were kept in the muddy pits tunneled beneath Isengard in preparation for Saruman's attack on Rohan. This programme included the cross-breeding of Orcs and Men, and the making or improving of the perilous Uruk-hai, the fiercest and largest of those in the service of the White Hand.

After renouncing the White Council and secretly becoming the duplicitous servant of the Enemy in T.A. 3000, Saruman began to harass the kingdom of Rohan by throwing in with its enemies. As the Shadow of Sauron extended, Orcs began to pillage the eastern villages of the Rohirrim and were joined by others from the Misty Mountains, some being in the service of Saruman such as great Uruks.

He continued to gather Orcs, among them Wolf-riders, to Isengard by the time he held Gandalf captive in Orthanc.

During the War of the Ring, Saruman sent a large force of Orcs backed by Dunlendings and two battalions of Uruk-hai in T.A. 3019 in the First Battle of the Fords of Isen, with Prince Théodred being slain per his orders. This was done both to allow him and his master, Sauron, full control over Rohan as part of the latter's war on the West, but also to more easily allow Saruman himself to dispatch parties of Orcs on routes the Fellowship of the Ring was likely to take. Such a troop joined by Orcs of Mordor and "northerners" ambushed the company at Amon Hen, mortally-wounding Boromir and capturing the halflings Meriadoc Brandybuck and Peregrin Took. Near the eaves of Fangorn Forest however, the Orcs were attacked by the Riders of Rohan led by Éomer and slain to the last.

Saruman's host overwhelmed Rohirrim defenders in the Second Battle of the Fords of Isen, allowing his army of ten thousand Orcs (mostly Uruk-hai) reinforced by Dunlending hordes to push through towards Helm's Deep where King Théoden had chosen to make his stand. Though initially gaining the upper hand due to superior numbers and the machinery they had, the Battle of the Hornburg ended with the crushing defeat of Saruman's forces. Bitter at the destruction the wizard had dealt to their forest, the Ents of Fangorn set out towards Isengard, laying down the walls, crushing the Orcs and flooding the fortress.
Fourth Age 55

**Fourth Age 55** (abbreviated to **Fo.A. 55** or **F.O. 55**) is the 55th year of the Sun of the Fourth Age of Middle-earth. Unless otherwise stated, Tolkien Gateway follows Shire usage in Appendix B for reckoning Fourth Age years: Fourth Age 55 was also known as **S.R. 1476** in Shire-reckoning.

Notable events in this year include:

## Mid-year's Day

* Samwise Gamgee finishes his seventh, and last, term as Mayor of Michel Delving.
Gems

**Gems** (or **Gemstones**) were minerals especially beautiful and desired by peoples of Arda. Many were crystalline and transparent, though some varieties were opaque. Most could be worked to accent their beauty.

## Gemstones referenced in Tolkien's Mythology

* Crystals - Probably a kind of transparent quartz. The Mithril mail Thorin gave to Bilbo came with a belt studded with crystal.
* Diamonds - Highly compressed crystalline carbon. *Nenya* was set with "adamant," an old word meaning diamond.
* Emeralds - A crystalline green gem, also known as beryl. A favorite amongst Elves in Middle-earth.
* Pearls - Organically created mineral from shellfish. Nimphelos was given by Thingol to the Dwarves of Belegost for building Menegroth.
* Rubies - A red variant of the same mineral (corundum) as sapphire. *Narya* the Elf-ring of Fire, had a Ruby.
* Sapphires - A blue crystalline gem mounted on the Elf-Ring *Vilya*.
* Silmarils - artificial gemstones, perhaps, filled magically with the light of the Two Trees of Valinor.
* The Ñoldor being masters of crafts and metallurgy had and a great horde of Gemstones many of which were stolen by Melkor after he left Aman.

Each of the Rings of Power was set with an identifying gemstone, but these are not specified. There are several alternate colors of sapphire, colored diamonds and other shades of beryl as well. Some opaque stones, such as jade and turquoise can be used as gemstones in jewelry.

### Of unknown type

* Arkenstone - Prized jewel of the Dwarves of Erebor
* Elfstone - Green gem carried by Aragorn II Elessar
* Star of Elendil - Worn by Elendil and his heirs
First Age 484

**First Age 484** (abbreviated to **F.A. 484**) is the 484th year of the Sun of the First Age of Middle-earth.

Notable events in this year include:

* After taunting Túrin, Saeros falls into a chasm and dies. Unbeknownst to Túrin, he is pardoned by Thingol. However, Túrin flees Doriath; Beleg goes in search of him.
House of the Harp

The **House of the Harp** was one of the twelve houses of the Gondothlim, according to the early version of the legendarium in *The Book of Lost Tales*.

## History

They were led by Salgant. Its people were brave warriors, and were dight with tassels of silver and of gold, and a harp of silver shone in their blazonry upon a field of black, though Salgant bore one of gold.:173

Their lord Salgant was allied with Meglin, who had betrayed Gondolin to Melko. When the Fall of Gondolin began, Meglin gave Salgant the task of delaying the folk of the Wing while he assaulted Tuor's house and lead them into the deadliest of the fight. However, their terrified lord rode from battle, and this folk didn't help the folk of the Mole as planned.:177

Later in the battle, there was a terrible fight in the Great Market at the east of the city, between Orcs led by Balrogs and the house of the Golden Flower led by Glorfindel. Knowing this by messengers, Turgon sent the men of the Harp in their aid, but Salgant concealed this from them and sent them to the Lesser Market at the south part, where he lived. They fretted thereat, and broke from their lord to come before the king's hall right in the moment that Glorfindel and his folk were chased by a press of foemen. There they redeemed the treason of their lord, as with their wrath they drove the enemy back into the market. But they were leaderless, and many of them were trapped, burned to death or poisoned by the breath of a dragon.:182-183
Heren Istarion

**Heren Istarion** was the title assigned to the Istari of the Third Age. None except Elrond, Círdan, and Galadriel knew of what kind and from where they came. Among Men it was initially assumed that the wizards were also men who by long and secret study had acquired great knowledge of lore and arts. However, as the Third Age passed it was marked that the wizards did not die and so Men began to believe that they were of Elven-kind.

In truth the Heren Istarion had been created in Valinor. A council of the Valar was called by Manwë which resolved to send three emissaries. Initially only Curumo (Saruman), chosen by Aulë, and Alatar, chosen by Oromë, stepped forward. Manwë then asked for Olórin (Gandalf) and commanded him to go. Curumo took Aiwendil (Radagast) with him because Yavanna begged him to do so and Alatar took along his friend Pallando.

Círdan witnessed the landing of the Order c. T.A. 1000. Their "mission" was to advise and persuade Men and Elves to resist Sauron. The number of members of the Heren Istarion was unknown but to the North of Middle-earth came five. One was clad in white, two in sea-blue, one in earthen brown, and one in grey.

The wizard in white was Saruman, regarded by all as leader of the order. The two in blue were Alatar and Pallando, who journeyed far into the East and South. The one in brown was Radagast and the one in grey was Gandalf, seemingly the oldest and the least of the Order.

The Heren Istarion came to an end with the passing of Sauron. Saruman died in Middle-earth and was not allowed to return to the West. Gandalf, who remained true to the mission of the Order, departed from Middle-earth in 3021. The fate of the other three wizards who landed in the North is unknown.
First Age 501

**First Age 501** (abbreviated to **F.A. 501**) is the 501st year of the Sun of the First Age of Middle-earth.

Notable events in this year include:

* Húrin leaves Hithlum with Asgon and six others. They seek Gondolin and accidentally reveal its rough location to Morgoth.
* Húrin heads to Brethil and meets Morwen at their children's grave just before she dies.
* Húrin is imprisoned by the Haladin and accuses them of failing to help his family. A revolt occurs and the Chieftain, Hardang, is killed as is Húrin's friend Manthor.
* With the Haladin leaderless, and Ephel Brandir in ruins, Húrin heads towards his children's grave and leaves Brethil.
Fourth Age 10

**Fourth Age 10** (abbreviated to **Fo.A. 10** or **F.O. 10**) is the 10th year of the Sun of the Fourth Age of Middle-earth. Unless otherwise stated, Tolkien Gateway follows Shire usage in Appendix B for reckoning Fourth Age years: Fourth Age 10 was also known as **S.R. 1431** in Shire-reckoning.

Notable events in this year include:

* Birth of Goldilocks Gardner, sixth child and third daughter of Samwise Gamgee and Rose Cotton.
* Death of Odovacar Bolger.
Gamli

**Gamli** was a Dwarven prince of Khazad-dûm who lived during the Second Age. He was the son of Durin IV and his wife, Disa, and the brother of Gerda.

## Biography

Gamli and his sister Gerda were born to Durin IV and Disa in the twenty years since Elrond last visited Khazad-dûm. They are playing with one another when Elrond comes to visit, and their mother tells them to stop.
Gollum's Lake

Within Gollum's cave was a **lake** by which Gollum lived alone for many decades.

Deep within the Misty Mountains, this lake was formed by water that had seeped through the rock and formed the cave. The water was wide, deep, and piercingly cold, yet fish somehow lived in it. An underground stream flowed from it to the outside.

## History

Gollum lived off of the lake and its fish. He paddled a homemade boat back and forth between the lake and a small island at the center of the lake, which was also Gollum's home. The Great Goblin would occasionally send goblins down to get fish, and were in turn eaten by Gollum. The goblins, however, did not seem to suspect Gollum's existence.

The lake first appears in *The Hobbit* in the chapter "Riddles in the Dark", as the meeting place of Gollum and Bilbo, after the latter discovers the former's lost "property:" the One Ring. There, the two engage in a game of riddles, which ends when Bilbo asks Gollum what is in his own pocket. Gollum then discovers his ring is missing and finds that Bilbo has it.
First Age 489

**First Age 489** (abbreviated to **F.A. 489**) is the 489th year of the Sun of the First Age of Middle-earth.

Notable events in this year include:

* Gwindor escapes from Angband.
* Mîm betrays Túrin who is taken captive by orcs. Beleg pursues the orcs and encounters Gwindor on the road.
* Túrin is rescued by Beleg; Túrin mistakenly kills Beleg and takes his sword, Anglachel.
First Fall of Minas Ithil

The **First Fall of Minas Ithil** was a battle that occurred in S.A. 3429 between the forces of Gondor and Mordor.

After the Downfall of Númenor in 3319, the sons of Elendil brought their ships up the Anduin and together founded the realm of Gondor. While Anárion set up his house in Minas Anor, his brother Isildur established his house in Minas Ithil in a pass in the Ephel Dúath on the border of Mordor.

But Sauron also escaped the Downfall and returned to Mordor. There he built up his strength until he could assault the exiled Númenóreans. In 3429 a great force took Minas Ithil, drove out Isildur, and burnt the White Tree. Isildur escaped with his wife, his sons, and a seedling of the Tree. They traveled to Elendil in the north while Anárion defended Osgiliath and kept Sauron at bay.

Sauron's attack and conquest of Minas Ithil was the spark that touched off the War of the Last Alliance. In the wake of the city's fall into enemy hands, it was renamed Minas Morgul.
Eilenach

**Eilenach** was one of the seven Warning beacons of Gondor, and the second from Minas Tirith to be lit.

## Description and history

It stood on a high summit peak above Drúadan Forest, and its sole purpose was to relay the fire from Amon Dîn to Nardol. Due to the sharpness of the peak, it was incapable of sustaining a large fire but nonetheless fulfilled its purpose.

Shortly before the onset of the Siege of Gondor, Eilenach was, along with the other beacons, lit to signal Rohan for aid.
Hilda Bianca

**Hilda Bianca** was a woman of Lake-town who worked as a market trader and sold Athelas plants. She was the first to spot Thorin II Oakenshield and his company and gossips to some citizens of what she saw.

## Biography

### The Hobbit

In TA 2941, when Bard the Bowman was smuggling the Dwarves in the town, Hilda noticed them walking in the town while she was examining her plants that were known to be Athelas, a healing herb that was first brought to Middle-earth by the Númenóreans. She was among the citizens who witnessed the Dwarves fighting and knocking out the guards before they could arrest them. When Braga and his men arrived to find out what was going on, Hilda quickly dropped one of her plants to knock out one of the guards that was waking up and hid the Dwarves from sight. After the incident, Hilda later gossiped to a Net Mender and his partner of what she had saw earlier and the word would later spread all over town that the Dwarves have came to reclaim the Lonely Mountain.

She was among the survivors that escaped Smaug's attack on Lake-town in a boat, and makes it alive to the shores of the Long Lake. While passing out warm jackets, Alfrid came by and demanded that she passed him one. Hilda refused and told him that he wasn't in charge anymore. This caused Alfrid to grab her and attempted to kill her for insulting him, but Bard and his son Bain managed to stop him in time and save Hilda's life. She was quite surprised and happy that Bard was alive and pledged her loyalty to him. When Bard declared that they must move on, she questions him on what the people should do. Together, Hilda and the people of Lake-town took shelter at the ruined city of Dale.

During the battle between Dale and the Lonely Mountain, when a legion of Guldur Orcs were breaching the walls of Dale under the command of Azog the Defiler, Hilda was sent to hide in a building with the rest of the women and children. After impatiently and anxiously waiting, she finally gives in and declares that the rest of the women should fight and defend their home as well. Many agree with her and each grab a weapon, followed by the rest of the group. When a bundled up "woman" is revealed to be Alfrid, Hilda once again insults him for being a filthy and greedy coward. She leads the people out of the hall and they charge directly at the oncoming Orcs that were coming their way. Hilda doesn't back down, and she proves her strength in plunging her weapon into an orc's chest. She survived the battle as she was present at the ceremony.
Fourth Age 22

**Fourth Age 22** (abbreviated to **Fo.A. 22** or **F.O. 22**) is the 22nd year of the Sun of the Fourth Age of Middle-earth. Unless otherwise stated, Tolkien Gateway follows Shire usage in Appendix B for reckoning Fourth Age years: Fourth Age 22 was also known as **S.R. 1443** in Shire-reckoning.

Notable events in this year include:

* Samwise, Rose and Elanor leave Gondor and return to the Shire.
* Death of Filibert Bolger.
First Age 538

**First Age 538** (abbreviated to **F.A. 538**) is the 538th year of the Sun of the First Age of Middle-earth.

Notable events in this year include:

* The Third Kinslaying: the remaining sons of Fëanor, desiring the Silmaril, attack the remnants of Doriath and Gondolin at the New Havens.
* Círdan and Gil-galad send aid to the Havens. They arrive too late and the people are defeated; the refugees move to the Isle of Balar.
* Death of Amrod and Amras.
* Elrond and Elros are taken captive by Maglor, but Maglor comes to love the boys and fosters them.
* Elwing, bearing the Silmaril, casts herself into the sea. Ulmo bears her up in the likeness of a swan and she finds Eärendil.
First Age 20

**First Age 20** (abbreviated to **F.A. 20**) is the 20th year of the Sun of the First Age of Middle-earth.

Notable events in this year include:

* Fingolfin, High King of the Noldor, hosts Mereth Aderthad - "Feast of Reuniting" - at the Pools of Ivrin. The joyous occasion was designed to create bonds of friendship amongst all the elves of Beleriand.
First Age 456

**First Age 456** (abbreviated to **F.A. 456**) is the 456th year of the Sun of the First Age of Middle-earth.

Notable events in this year include:

* Death of Fingolfin in single combat with Morgoth. Thorondor bears Fingolfin's body away and he is buried by his son Turgon in a cairn overlooking Gondolin.
* Gil-galad, a young child, is sent to the Havens of the Falas for protection.
* Barahir refuses to give up on Dorthonion and forms a group of outlaws who seek to thwart the designs of Morgoth. There are thirteen members of the group: Dagnir, Ragnor, Radhruin, Dairuin, Gildor, Gorlim the Unhappy, Urthel, Arthad, Hathaldir; Barahir, his son Beren, and his kinsmen Belegund and Baragund.
* Emeldir, wife of Barahir, leads their people out of Dorthonion to Brethil. Some, including Morwen and Rían, continue on to Dor-lómin.
Front Gate

The **Bottommost Cellar** or **Smaug's Lair** was a hall and the lowest level of the Lonely Mountain. It was home to the Dragon Smaug for over one-hundred and seventy years.

The Cellar was large, with a length of 180 feet and had two great doors leading up to a stairway to the Chamber of Thrór. It was known to have bats in it at least by the time of Smaug's life there.

## History

The hall was delved and built by the Dwarves at an unknown time, possibly between TA 1999 and TA 2770 when the Dwarves of Durin's Folk ruled there. After Smaug attacked and conquered the mountain, he gathered up all the Dwarves’ treasures and slept on them for over one-hundred and seventy years.

On October 30 and November 1, TA 2941, the hobbit Bilbo on his travels with the Dwarves of Thorin and Company confronted Smaug with riddles until he got angry and unleashed his fiery blast on him, forcing him back up the Secret Tunnel on fire. Later when it was discovered that Smaug had found them out, Thorin and Company was forced down the tunnel into the Cellar and trapped inside when Smaug smashed the Side-door to rumble. Once inside, the Dwarves lit torches that illuminated a hall full of the ancient treasures and weapons of the Kings under the Mountain. Here the Dwarves basked in their finds and armed themselves and was where Bilbo found the Arkenstone and where Thorin gave him his Mithril Shirt. The company soon decided to leave the Cellar and climb the steps up to the Chamber of Thrór.
Foresight

**Foresight** (Q. ***apacen***) is a gift or power apparently given to picked Elves and Men. Many elves appear to have varying amounts of foresight, while some of the more noble men (Númenóreans/Dúnedain) appear to have degrees of foresight on special occasions. In turn, the Númenóreans credited the Drúedain with a "strange foresight" .

Elven mothers would give their children a name, known as *essi apacenye* or just *apacenye*, having insight into the characters and abilities of their children, and many also had the gift of prophetic foresight.

Before dying Gwindor had the foresight that if Túrin managed to save Finduilas, she would save him from the Curse of Morgoth. Túrin, however, came too late, and the loss of Finduilas enabled him to meet Níniel much later, and follow his dark fate.

On Númenor the Drúedain were noted for their "strange foresight"; already since the time of Aldarion they felt the land "unstable under their feet", millennia before the Downfall of Númenor, and gradually abandoned it to return to Middle-earth. By the time of the Downfall, they all had left the island.

Dírhael and his wife Ivorwen, grandparents of Aragorn, were gifted in foresight and had premonitions about Arathorn II who wanted to marry their daughter. These premonitions were a reason at first to oppose the marriage, but later to concede to it.

There are several mentions of *Seers* or *Prophets* namely Amnon, Glirhuin and Malbeth. Foresight was also seen in dreams: Frodo Baggins saw prophetic dreams during his adventure, and Boromir and Faramir saw a puzzling dream, prompting Boromir to travel to Rivendell to seek counsel.
Fourth Age 33

**Fourth Age 33** (abbreviated to **Fo.A. 33** or **F.O. 33**) is the 33rd year of the Sun of the Fourth Age of Middle-earth. Unless otherwise stated, Tolkien Gateway follows Shire usage in Appendix B for reckoning Fourth Age years: Fourth Age 33 was also known as **S.R. 1454** in Shire-reckoning.

Notable events in this year include:

* Birth of Elfstan Fairbairn, son of Fastred of Greenholm and Elanor Gardner.
Fourth Age 41

**Fourth Age 41** (abbreviated to **Fo.A. 41** or **F.O. 41**) is the 41st year of the Sun of the Fourth Age of Middle-earth. Unless otherwise stated, Tolkien Gateway follows Shire usage in Appendix B for reckoning Fourth Age years: Fourth Age 41 was also known as **S.R. 1462** in Shire-reckoning.

Notable events in this year include:

## Mid-year's Day

* Samwise Gamgee is elected Mayor of Michel Delving for the sixth time.
* At Samwise's request, Thain Peregrin Took makes Fastred the Warden of Westmarch. Fastred and Elanor make their dwelling at Undertowers on the Tower Hills, where their descendants, the Fairbairns of the Towers, dwelt for many generations.

## Within the Year

* Birth of Holfast Gardner, son of Frodo Gardner and grandson of Samwise Gamgee.
Galadhrim

The **Galadhrim**, or the **tree-people**, were Elves of mixed descent (Sindar, Silvan, and Ñoldor) living in the forest of Lothlórien that was ruled by Galadriel and Celeborn.

## History

The Galadhrim were mostly Silvan Elves, descendants of the Nandor who had not continued the journey westward. In the Second Age they took the Sindarin Elf Amdír as their king and he ruled until he was slain with many of his people during the Battle of Dagorlad.

In TA 1980, a Balrog in Khazad-dûm was freed. Upon this event, many Galadhrim fled south to Edhellond with their king, Amroth. The Galadhrim that remained lived quietly in Lórien, protected from the menaces of Dol Guldur and the Orcs of the Misty Mountains by the power of Galadriel until the end of the Third Age. With the departure of Galadriel to the Undying Lands, Lórien quickly became deserted. The remaining Galadhrim either went with Celeborn to Rivendell or presumably joined with Thranduil's people in the Greenwood.
First Age 463

**First Age 463** (abbreviated to **F.A. 463**) is the 463rd year of the Sun of the First Age of Middle-earth.

Notable events in this year include:

* Easterlings, led by Bór and Ulfang, enter Beleriand and ally themselves with Maedhros and Caranthir. Bór remained true but Ulfang is secretly in league with Morgoth.
House of the Fountain

The **House of the Fountain** was one of the twelve houses of the Gondothlim, according to the early version of the legendarium in *The Book of Lost Tales*.

## History

Their lord was Ecthelion of the Fountain, and they lived in the south part of Gondolin, near the Fountains of the South.:181 They were said to find delight in silver and diamonds, and their swords were long and bright and pale. They went into battle accompanied by the sweet music of their flutes.:173

During the Fall of Gondolin, they were held in reserve by Turgon, who watched the battle from his tower. After the Balrogs made a breach in the wall and other houses had been defeated in the northern gate, the enemy sped messengers informing to hold what they had won. Then a sweet music sounded amid the host of the Gondothlim, as the people of the Fountain came to battle playing their flutes, led by Ecthelion. The music ceased suddenly and the army attacked at the shout of Ecthelion.

Tuor and the folk of the Wing joined the fight beside them, and they harried the Orcs so they almost reached the gate. However, some dragons opened a path from Amon Gwareth and knocked down walls and ward-towers, opening a gap on the walls of that part of the city. Then Tuor gathered bands of other houses to fight against the coming enemies, while on his right Ecthelion rallied his men. There Tuor and Ecthelion killed many Balrogs and Orc captains, but the enemy army outnumbered them, and Ecthelion was injured and they had to retreat.:180-181

Tuor carried Ecthelion to the Square of the Folkwell, where the guard of the Fountain and other houses was scattered, forming a good battalion. They were led by Tuor to the Square of the King, and there they resisted with the remnants of all the other kindreds (except of the Hammer of Wrath).:182 After Ecthelion died defeating Gothmog at the Fountain of the King, there is no mention of what happened with his men, who either were dispersed or joined the Exiles.
Half-Elven

The **Half-elven** or ***Peredhil*** were people of Middle-earth, the name of whom was primarily applied to Elrond and Elros in the Second and Third Age, but also to Eärendil and his wife Elwing before them. They were called so because of their mixed Edain (Human) and Eldarin (Elven) blood

At the end of the First Age, they were given a choice to be Elven and immortal, or to be of the race of Men and accept the Gift of Men which is death.

Others considered Half-elven were Elrond's children Elladan, Elrohir, and Arwen. They, like the other Half-elven before them, were given the choice of mortality.
House of the Pillar

The **House of the Pillar** was one of the twelve houses of the Gondothlim, according to the early version of the legendarium in *The Book of Lost Tales*.

## History

They are only briefly mentioned as being united with the house of the Tower of Snow under Penlod, tallest of the Gnomes.:173

When the Fall of Gondolin began, they were in the north part of the city, where Gothmog had led the main attack. When the house of the Hammer of Wrath was completely destroyed outside the walls, the folks of the Pillar and the Tower of Snow suffered the next wave of enemies, receding more into the city. Finally, "Penlod perished there in a lane with his back to the wall, and about him many of the men of the Pillar and many of the Tower of the Snow".:179 There is no other mention of them in the Tale, but later is said that survivors of all the kindreds were reunited in the Square of the King,:183 so probably many of them could survive as exiles.
Great Gate of Minas Tirith

The **Great Gate of Minas Tirith** was Minas Tirith's primary entrance point, and prior to its rebuilding, its only weakness.

## Description

The Gate itself consisted of large rolling doors made of steel and iron, set between towers and bastions of indomitable stone. Behind the Gate was a wide court that ended at the base of the great "ship-keel" of stone that cut through most of the city. Before the Gate was the Gateway, a short avenue which led to the intersection of roads in the Pelennor Fields.

## History

During the Siege of Minas Tirith in TA 3019, the armies of Mordor attempted to smash the gate down with a conventional battering ram, but the city's defenders beat them back. In response, the Witch-king of Angmar ordered Grond, aided by his sorcery, to destroy the gates, which succeeded, resulting in his confrontation with Gandalf.

After the One Ring was destroyed and Aragorn crowned King of Gondor, Gimli rebuilt the gate using mithril, steel, and decorative jewels. As a result, the gate was rendered significantly stronger than before, and nigh impregnable.
First Siege of Imladris

The **First Siege of Imladris** was an assault on Rivendell in mid-Second Age during the War of the Elves and Sauron.

## History

Elrond fled with the other Elves of Eregion to the Valley on the North of the Misty Mountains. Sauron, in the beginning, paid little heed because he suspected that Gil-galad, being the High King of the Ñoldor and thus Celebrimbor's superior, was in possession of all three Elven rings, although in truth he had two. Because of this, Sauron was focused on defeating his ancient enemy and this spared the survivors of Eregion from annihilation. But knowing that Elrond would attack him from the rear, he sent a small force to lay siege to Rivendell. With the defeat of Sauron's armies at the Grey Havens and his retreat, the force besieging Rivendell was caught in between the forces of Gil-galad and Elrond and destroyed.
First Age 512

**First Age 512** (abbreviated to **F.A. 512**) is the 512th year of the Sun of the First Age of Middle-earth.

Notable events in this year include:

* Maedhros learns that the Silmaril is at the Mouths of Sirion, but he does not immediately act - and forswears the Oath - out of guilt for their actions in Doriath.
First Age 460

**First Age 460** (abbreviated to **F.A. 460**) is the 460th year of the Sun of the First Age of Middle-earth.

Notable events in this year include:

* Out of a desire to see his wife, Gorlim is tricked by Sauron into betraying Barahir's band of outlaws.
* Massacre at Tarn Aeluin: deaths of Barahir, Baragund, Belegund, Arthad, Dagnir, Dairuin, Gildor, Gorlim the Unhappy, Hathaldir, Radhruin, Ragnor and Urthel.
* Beren, the only survivor, hunts down the orcs and retrieves his father's ring.
House of the Wing

The **House of the Wing** was one of the twelve houses of the Gondothlim, according to the early version of the legendarium in *The Book of Lost Tales*.

## History

When he came to Gondolin, Tuor introduced himself as one of the house of the Swan of the Men of the North.:160 He was accepted and loved by the Gondothlim, and lived there for many years. But when his wife Idril felt that ruin was near, she asked him to gather the most trustful men among the Gondothlim and tell them about their secret way and its issue. She would ask her father to allow Tuor to have his own folk as a proper lord.:171

Thus was made the new house, which was added to the eleven houses of the Gondothlim, and the folk of the Wing was accounted the twelfth.:174 They wore wings as of swans or gulls upon their helms, and the emblem of Tuor, the White Wing, was upon their shields. Its people were the stoutest folk of Gondolin.:172 Apparently this was one of the smaller houses, for those from the house of the Mole outnumbered them when they came to arms during the Fall of Gondolin.:178

When the siege of the city began, the first attack of the enemy was against the northern gate, so Meglin led his folk of the Mole to Tuor's house in the south part. Tuor and his men reached the house, where Meglin was trying to kill Eärendel, but both folks crashed together. Meglin was killed by Tuor, and the folk of the Wing came to their lord against the folk of the Mole, scattering them despite being less number. Then Tuor left Voronwë and some of his men with Idril and took the rest to the battle in the north Gate.:177-178

They joined the fight short after Ecthelion and his folk of the Fountain did, ranging beside their side. Their charge made the Orcs harry almost back to the fallen gate, but suddenly the walls of that part of the city were casted down by dragons from outside. Iron Dragons came in, and a creature of fire with Balrogs upon it. Tuor standed against the beast, gathering his guard and all of the Arch and the Swallow he could find. He and Ecthelion killed many Balrogs and Orc chaptains, but Ecthelion was wounded, so Tuor retreated carrying him to the Square of the Folkwell. In that Square the guard of the Wing and other houses where scattered and gathered to form a good battalion. Led by Tuor, all of them marched to the Square of the King to join the remnants of other houses.:180-182

After the King ordered the Gondothlim to leave the city, Tuor and all the Gondothlim who followed him went to his house to join the exiles and escape through Idril's secret way. There Tuor found Voronwë and knew that Idril had sent ahead Eärendel with most of her guard.:187 Crossing the secret tunnel and most part of Tumladin, Tuor finally saw the rest of his men, including Hendor, who carried his son Eärendel in his back. But these men around Eärendel were being chased and slain by Orcs, so Tuor shouted to them to stand, and ran to save them.:190 Nothing more is told of the folk of the Wing, whose survivors had the same destiny of the Exiles of Gondolin.
House of the Swallow

The **House of the Swallow** was one of the twelve houses of the Gondothlim, according to the early version of the legendarium in *The Book of Lost Tales*.

## History

Their lord was Duilin. It was a house of archers, who wore a fan of feathers upon their helms, and they were arrayed in white and dark blue and in purple and black. Their emblem, which rested upon their shields, was that of an arrowhead. From this folk came the most numbered and best archers along with the folk of the Heavenly Arch, so they were positioned in the broad places of the walls.:173

During the Fall of Gondolin, Gothmog gathered his armies in the northern gate and knocked it down. The folks of the Arch and the Swallow defended the walls in the northern part, pouring rains of arrows over the hosts of Orcs, helping the houses that fought below. As the enemy's attack grew, Duilin fell from the walls, smitten by a fiery bolt from outside of the city.:176-178

When the gate was lost, many goblins held a great part of the walls, so many elves of both the Arch and the Swallow were thrust to their doom. Then the house of the Fountain arrived to help, but a great gap was opened in the western wall, and bands of the Arch and the Swallow battled amid the wreck against the coming enemies.:179-180 Slowly the battle in that part of the city was lost and they retreated towards the Square of the Folkwell, where the guard of the Arch, the Swallow and others was scattered and gathered together, forming a good battalion. Led by Tuor, they marched to the Square of the King. There they met Egalmoth of the Heavenly Arch, who had been in the south walls with some of his men and of the Swallow, and later they had helped him to rescue captives and wandering men.:182-183

Probably many of them survived as exiles, as while crossing Cristhorn, a man of this folk informed Tuor that Glorfindel was being attacked by a band of Orcs and a Balrog.:193
Gilrain

**Gilrain** was a long river that flowed south out of the White Mountains through western Lebennin in the south of Gondor. Its tributary was Serni, joining it above Linhir.

## Course

The Gilrain flowed swiftly from its source until at the end of the outlier of the mountains it ran into a wide shallow depression. In this area it wandered for awhile, forming a small mere before it cut through a ridge and fell in waterfalls, from whence it again flowed swiftly towards the Bay of Belfalas, west of the Ethir Anduin.

## History

Legend said that Nimrodel tarried there upon its banks as she came south out of the White Mountains, falling into a long sleep and thus missing Amroth's ship.

The river Gilrain formed the border between the areas of Dor-en-Ernil and Lower Lebennin in the region of Central Gondor. The river was the domain of the gentle River-maid Roamingstar, one of the Five Sisters, who dwelt in the mere. Roamingstar lulled the elf-maid Nimrodel to sleep with her song and so accidentally caused the Elf to lose her beloved, Amroth, a tragedy the River-maid still felt guilt for during the War of the Ring. She and her sisters were widely considered myths by then, but when her aid was sought for Gondor she gave it by preventing the Ruthless Dead from crossing her river into Lebennin.
Fourth Age 19

**Fourth Age 19** (abbreviated to **Fo.A. 19** or **F.O. 19**) is the 19th year of the Sun of the Fourth Age of Middle-earth. Unless otherwise stated, Tolkien Gateway follows Shire usage in Appendix B for reckoning Fourth Age years: Fourth Age 19 was also known as **S.R. 1440** in Shire-reckoning.

Notable events in this year include:

* Birth of Robin Gardner, twelfth child and sixth son of Samwise Gamgee and Rose Cotton.
* Death of Farmer Cotton.
House of Elros

The **House of Elros** was the line of descendants begun by Elros, the son of Eärendil and brother of Elrond. Due to his ancestry, he was counted as one of the Half-elven, and given the choice of the life of the Eldar or the Gift of Men. He chose to live as a mortal, but was granted an extraordinary lifespan of five hundred years. He passed his longevity on to the descendants of his House, though none enjoyed such a count of years as Elros himself.

As Tar-Minyatur, Elros was the first King of Númenor. After his time, that island was ruled by Kings and Queens of his House through nearly three thousand years of the Second Age. In the end, Elros' distant descendant Ar-Pharazôn was manipulated by Sauron into bringing about the Downfall of Númenor, and with it the end of the Line of Kings.

Though Númenor and its Kings were no more, the House of Elros did not end in the Downfall. The Kings had been descended through Elros' great-great-grandson Meneldur, but another branch of the House also survived: the Lords of Andúnië, descended from Meneldur's elder sister Silmariën. The line of the Lords of Andúnië continued down to Elendil and his sons Isildur and Anárion, and so was carried from Númenor to Middle-earth, surviving in the Kings of Arnor and of Gondor. Even at the time of the War of the Ring, some six thousand years after the death of its founder, there was still a living heir to the House of Elros: none other than Aragorn himself.

A family of Faithful from Númenor had ruled over the land of Belfalas since the Second Age. This family of Númenóreans were akin to the Lords of Andúnië, and thus related to Elendil and descended from the House of Elros. After the Downfall of Númenor they had been given the title *Prince of Belfalas* by Elendil and their land, now a fief of Gondor, was called Dor-en-Ernil. He granted this family a noble title, making them the hereditary Princes of Belfalas which was succeeded by the Princes of Dol Amroth.