Language of the Dragons - Eilert Erdoten

Eilert Erdoten is a language that was player-made by a guild originally on the Dawn server back before the server merges in 2004. It was an expansion on the few known in-game words we have from the actual referenced dragon language, but it's not a legitimate language accepted by the developers.

Originally, all of the information for the language was hosted on Order Underground, a website for the Order shard's character profiles and various RP stories/information. When it went down, however, this information was lost. Everything pasted under the 'Order Underground's Page' section is what was salvaged from the Wayback Machine after the site went down.

According to an anonymous source, Order Underground suffered from major hardware failure and had gone down for several months. Its domain expired, but it revived at http://roleplay.auroraalliance.org.

## Kirmizetta Stone

In the interim, Kirmizi of Order created a translator for everyone interested in the dragon language, but who has no time to learn it. Her translator is here and proves to be a very useful source for role-play. Be aware that she has added various new words to the language, as well, that aren't present in the following list.

The forum thread for the translator is here.

## Order Underground's Page

**Source:** http://roleplay.auroraalliance.org/wiki/Language-Eilert\_Erdoten

Introduction to Erdoten k'Eilerten

In order to ease finding phrases/words more commonly used by the dragons of Order, I have formatted this document with the phrases in the beginning, then words and adjectives, and then putting the actual linguistics of the language last. This way no one has to scroll through all the linguistic jargon to get to what they want. However I have included the linguistics for the sake of completeness, and to assist in the future forming of words not provided here. Please note that some of these words were created by Keir Chet k'Eilerten (through discussion and voting using as much of the original words as provided) to help complete what was not provided by the original documents. "Original Istarian Words" will be noted when possible as a \*\* next to the definition.

This language is still growing - by no means did the original author, nor the Keir Chet, provide for all the words dragons use on a daily basis (much less words used less often). If at any time anyone would like to add to this language please start a discussion and dragons as a whole can help contribute and determine the preferred form of expression. Please do not randomly generate words yourself and just add them to the document.

It should be noted that historically this language is not meant to be used, nor even understood, by non-dragons (naka-duskael). And note that this rule is for IC only - OOC anyone can know whatever they want. However, in the teachings of Keir Chet, passed down from its original discovery and interpretation, it is taught that this language is for dragon tongues only and dragon ears only. We are taught not to use it around naka-duskael to keep them from interpreting it. We are taught to never teach it to a non-dragon nor discuss its meanings with them. Obviously, your roleplay is yours, but be cautioned that some dragons may take offense and get angry if they find you are breaking this code - and woe to the non-dragon in their presence should they attempt to speak it.

This author would also like to note this language is for the voluntary enhancement of each individual's roleplay. It is not required by Istaria, Order, or even other dragons that you speak or are fluent in this language. It is your choice how you wish to use it, but it may be another's choice not to use it at all. If you are using it, please provide translations as necessary for those not as familiar with the language as yourself.

## Erdoten K'Eilerten

Commonly Used Words

Ieo/Iea - I (male/female)

Aeo - He, Aea - She

Nieo/Niea - You (male/female)

Nien - (mixed) They

Ieon/Iean - We (male/female)

ae - it

ol - to

na - in

elg - and

vi - for

soir - can

maga - do

u - but

ni - on

ra - of (possessive)

e - from

tine - while

K'ieo/K'iea - My/mine (male/female)

K'ieon/K'iean/K'ien - our, ours (male/female/mixed)

Kor'nieo/Kor'niea - your, yours (male/female)

k'aeo/k'aea - his/hers

ois - this

oit - that

oisen - these

oiten - those

hi - with

toit - what

teile - why

temaga - how

tena - where

ana - yes

rei - true

d'na - no

da - not

d'naya - nothing

vo - fly

vop - flying

al'rua - wing (al'ruaten - plural)

gat - claw

dulo - tail (duloten - plural)

r'erdo - neck

garranne - to fight

garrat - to move

ganne - to go

magaen - group

mesenne - to see

nondanne - to sleep

aiarya - pet (as in "my pet", term of endearment)

unanne - to write

Eilert/Eilerten - Dragon (Singular/Plural)

denenne - to wish/desire/want

esiat - interest

Eilert Kaisen - Dragon Leaders/Dragon Council\*\*

Keir - Great

Chet - Circle

aoreban - "little one", usually referring to a unfamilial hatchling

eidolon - Spirit

itulak - determine

mejor - better

taz - peace

keir'tond - gem

kelisenne - to make/craft

kelisat - as in "craft school"

keliseo/kelisea - crafter (male/female)

che'cai - event\*\*

in'isa'rue - Thunder; directly translated from "Isenne isatcai na oiorerue" or "Piercing Mouth of the Storm"\*\*

gat'ra'oio - Lightening; directly translated from "gat ra oiorerue" or "Claw of the Storm"\*\*

sebenne - to love (root=sebe)

Sebeo/Sebea - my love/beloved (male/female)\*\*

sebero - have loved

loeth - before

laseth - after

vrara - forever

gese- brief

(most time words are Original Words)

oiorcai - day

oiorna - morning

efinarna - evening

efinarcai - night

oiorlaseth - tomorrow

oiorloeth - yesterday

oioraien - someday

Family Words

A'meo/A'mea - Father/Mother

Buer'Eilerten - Parents

Aoretao/Aoretaa - child/hatchling (male/female)

Nieon/Niean - Brother/Sister

Keir'meo/Keir'mea - Grandfather/grandmother (direct translation - greatfather/greatmother)\*\*

Keir'tao/Keir'taa - grandson/granddaughter\*\*

A'mieon/A'miean - Uncle/Aunt \*\*

A'nieon/A'niean - Cousins (male/female)\*\*

Ban-niet-cai - Hatching Day! \*\*

Ateir'eilet - New Life (i.e. egg) \*\*

Common/Useful Phrases

Glit'sita Nien/Nieo/Niea - formal greeting; directly translated from "Glit sitanne nien" which means "I recognize and greet you as my breathren." (mixed/male/female)\*\*

At'eo/At'ea/At'ian - Informal/Slang "Hello!" (male/female/group) \*\*

Tena Nieo/Niea - Where are you? (Male/female)

Temaga nieo/niea oiorcai? -- How are you (male/female) today?

Toit nieo/niea megap? -- What are you doing (now)?

Coit ol Ssslanis!! -- Come to Ssslanis!!

Agir erdocal!! -- Secret talk now!! (send /tell)

Ieo/Iea merare ol ateir kaiset! -- I have ascended to the next path!

Ateir'chet - new level

Ae nieo/niea - As you wish (male/female)

a'keinne - to thank

A'kein Neio/Niea - Thank You (male/female)\*\*

Nieo/Niea Acin - Your (male/female) Welcome

Isnne Kieo/Kiea Dulo! - Bite My (male/female) Tail!

Ieo/Idea D'na Scov! - I'm (male/female) not a horse!

Ae g'rei oiorcai d'eilenne. - It is a good day to die

General Vocabulary

Able - soinne (v.)

Accept - acinne

Add - danne

Addition - dat

After - laseth

And - elb (used before the last word in a spoken series)

      - eld (used before the last number in a spoken series)

      - elg (for joining two words or phrases only)

      - elh (separates numbers in a spoken series)

      - eli (used for joining two numbers only)

      - eln (separates words in a spoken series)

Animal - gaurert [plural: gaurerten]

Ascend - meranne

Barter - eprinne

Bath - gorut

Bathe - gorunne

Be - eilenne (sentient beings)

        gaurenne (animals/inanimate objects)

Beach - serisna

Become - loeilenne (sentient beings)

        loegaurenne (animals/inanimate objects)

Before - loeth

Big - keir

Bird - vot (plural: voten)

Bite - isnne (v.); iserna (n.) (plural: isernaten)

Black - efinar

Bleed - egunne

Blood - egut

Blue - eir

Bothark - boihark

Breath - niet

Breathe - nienne

Brief - gese (brief = for a short time)

Brown - selar

Bruise - donanne (v.); donat (n.)

Build - kelisenne

Burn - lernne

But - u

Can - soir

Cat - kedetao/kedetaa (plural: kedetaon/kedetaan/kedetaen)

Cause - iue

Child - aoretao/aoretaa

Children - aoretaon/aoretaan/aoreten

Choke - chermisanne r'erdotcai (v. - inflicted upon someone)

        r'erdor (just "happens")

Circle - chet

Cleanse - gaenne

Climb - meranne

Coin - aiat (plural: aiaten)

Come - coinne

Conceal - aginne

Create - kelisenne

Cure - genne

Cut - kenne (v.); ketna (n.)

Darken - efinanne

Day - oiorcai

Death - d'eilet or dagauret

Delight - sitauaienne (v.), sitauaiet (n.)

Descend - deinne

Desert - seriscai

Die - d'eilenne or dagaurenne

Dirt - aun (no sing. or plural)

Do - maganne

Door - ateit (plural: ateiten)

Down - deicai

Dragon - eilert [plural: eilerten] (sentient being, literally)

Dream - veltnne (v), velat (n.)

Dry - serisar

Dust - aun (no sing. or plural)

East - gana

Eastern - ganar

Eat - candonne

Else - sle

Elude - teiganne

Embrace - echenne (v.); echet (n.)

Enchant - erondenne (v.)

        erondet (n.) (plural: erondeten)

Enchanter- erondeao/erondeaa

        Eronder Daerao/Eronder Daeraa (title)

Encircle - chenne

Enclose - chenne

Entangle - misanne

Enter - ateinne

Equal - eileinne (to make equal); eileir (adj.)

Evening - efinarna

Exchange - eprinne

Eye - meset (plural: meseten)

Fade - apenne (v.)

Fall - deinne (v.); deit (n.) (plural: deiten)

False - ber

Fast - coer

Fear - aord'eilet (n.); aord'eilenne (v.)

Fertile - buer

Fire - lert

First - ban-

Flame - lert

Flesh - agireilet (no sing. or plural) - implies scales on dragons

Flirt - jacusenne (v.); jacuerao/jacueraa (n.)

Float - teiganne

Fly - vonne

Food - candot [no singular or plural]

For - vi

Forest - peaaira [singular or plural]

Forever - vrara

From - e

Game - jolet

Gate - ateit (plural: ateiten)

Gift - ecolt

Give - ecolnne

Glance - garmeset (n.), garmesenne (v.)

Govern - nandanne

Great - keir

Green - ior (emerald green)

Grow - danne

Guide - kaisenne (v.)

        kaiserao/kaiseraa (n.)

        Kaiser Daerao/Kaiser Daeraa (title)

Happen - oluinne

Hard - tondar

Harden - tondanne

Have - aianne

Heal - genne

Heat - ler

He - aeo

Her - k'aea

Here - cai

Hers - k'aea

Hide - aginne

His - k'aeo

Hold - aianne

Home - (pronoun) + cai e.g. Ieocai/Ieacai ("my home")

Horn - gaurisart (animal)

Horse - scov [plural: scovten]

How - temaga

Hug - echenne (v); echet (n) (plural: echeten)

Human - gaurert (regular dragons)/tander eilert (shapechangers)

I - ieo (masculine)/iea (feminine)

Ice - tondargaet

Identify - glinne

If - glaa

In - na

Increase - danne

Instruct - sarnne

It - ae

Its - k'aen

Joke - jolernne (v.); jolererdot (n.)

Jungle - misardat

Kapati - voreusaut [plural: voreusauten]

Knife - ket (plural: keten)

Language - erdoten

Large - keir

Law - nandat

Lead - kaisenne (v.)

Leader - kaiserao/kaiseraa

        Kaiser Daerao/Kaiser Daeraa (title)

Learn - kemenne

Life - eilet (sentient beings)

      - gauret (animals)

Lips - sitauaietna (no singular)

Live - eilenne (sentient beings)

        gaurenne (animals)

Love - sebenne

Lung - niecai [plural: niecaiten]

Magic - erondenne (to make magic)

        erondet (n.) (plural: erondeten)

Magician - erondeao/erondeaa

        Eronder Daerao/Eronder Daeraa (title)

Make - kelisenne

Marsh - misargaet [plural: misargaeten]

Melt - loegausgaenne

Mine - k'ieo (masculine)/k'iea (feminine)

Money - aiat (plural: aiaten)

Moon - alemat (plural: alematen)

Morning - oiorna

Mouse - tue (plural: tueten)

Mountain - see [plural: seeten]

Mouth - isatcai (plural: isatcaiten)

Move - ganne

Multiplication - buet

Multiply - buenne

My - k'ieo (masculine)/k'iea (feminine)

Near - ast

Net - chermisanne (v.),chermisat (n.), (plural: chermisaten)

New - ateir

News - oluiten

Night - efinacai

No - d'na

North - aana

Northern - aanar

Northeast- aagana

Northeastern - aaganar

Northwest- aaduna

Northwestern - aadunar

Not - da

Nothing - d'naya

Occur - oluinne

Ocean - kaergaet

Of - kor (possessive) becomes k' before vowels

      - ra  (non-possessive) becomes r' before vowels

Offer - ecolnne

On - ni

One - ban

Or - ouso (exculsive)

        ouse (inclusive)

Pale - apenne (v.); aper (adj.)

Path - kaiset (plural: kaiseten)

Pet - aiart (plural: aiarten) refers to animals only

      - aiarya (plural: aiaryaten)  term of endearment

Pierce - isnne

Piercing - isar

Play - jolernne (v.)

Player - jolereo/jolerea

Please - sitauaienne (to make happy)

Pleasure - sitauaiet

Priest - kaiserao/kaiseraa ("guide"/lowest level)

        Kaiser Daerao/Kaiser Daeraa ("Sir or Lady Guide"/middle)

        Keis Kaiser Daerao/Keis Kaiser Daeraa

                          ("Skillful Sir or Lady Guide"/upper)

        Ras'eileir Kaiserao/Kaiseraa

                          ("Guide without Equal"/supreme)

        Note that a dragon priest would likely equal a human

        scholar, professor or really good librarian.

Pregnant - buer

Preothai - kaer surga [plural: kaer surgaten]

Property - aiart (plural: aiarten)

Pure - oior

Purple - donar

Quicksand- misarseris [no plural or singular]

Race - oionne (v.); oiot (n.)

Rapids - oiorgaet (no singular or plural)

Read - glinne + readable noun

Recognize- glinne

Red - egur

Reproduce- buenne

River - gargaet [plural: gargaet]

Road - kaiset (plural: kaiseten)

Roast - selanne (v.)

Rule - nandanne (v.), nandat (n.)

Run - coinne

Rush - oionne (v.)

Sand - seris (no singular or plural)

Sandstorm- seris oiorerua

Scale - meranne (v.)

Scratch - kedenne (v.); kedet (n.)(plural: kedeten)

Seagull - vot ra kaergaet [plural: voten ra kaergaet]

Secret - agir (adj.); agit (n.) [plural: agiten]

See - mesenne

Shape - autnne (v.); autet (n.)

Sharp - isar

She - aea

Shine - alemnne (reflect light)

Shore - serisna

Sing - eesenne

Skillful - keir

Skin - agireilet (no sing. or plural) - implies scales on dragons

Sleep - nondanne(v.); nondat (n.)

Slide - eusaunne

Slink - eusaunne

Slip - eusaunne

Slither - eusaunne

Small - aor

Smile - sitauaietnanne (v.); sitauaietnat (n.)

Snack - acit (small refreshment offered by host)

Snake - eusaut (plural: eusauten)

Snare - misanne (v), misat (n.) (plural: misaten)

Soar - meranne

Soil - aun (no sing. or plural)

Solve - genne

Song - eeset (plural: esseten) - more like song + poetry

Soothe - genne

South - dina

Southern - dinar

Southeast- digana

Southeastern - diganar

Southwest- diduna

Southwestern - didunar

Speak - erdonne

Spear - isart (plural: isarten)

Spider - surga (plural: surgaten)

Spring - iorcai

Stairs - merat

Stairway - meraten

Steal - geunne

Stone - tond

Storm - oiorerua [no singular or plural]

Sunset - efinana

Swamp - misargaet [plural: misargaeten]

Swift - coer

Sword - keirket (plural: keirketen)

Talk - erdonne

Take - acinne

Tan - selanne (v.); apesselar (adj.)

Teach - sarnne

Tease - jacusenne (v.); jacuerao/jacueraa (n.) (sexual connotations)

      - jolernne (v.); jolerao/joleraa (n.) (non-sexual connotations)

That - oit

Their - k'aeon (masculine)/k'aean (feminine)/k'aen (mixed or neuter)

These - oisen

Thirst - serisar isatcai (n.); aianne serisar istacai (v.)

Thirsty - serisas isatcair (adj.); aianne serisar isatcai (to be thirsty)

This - ois

They - aeon (Masculine)/aean (Feminine)/aen (mixed or neuter)

Those - oiten

Throat - erdotcai

To - ol

Tool - keliset

Tooth - isat (plural: isaten)

Toy - jolet

Trade - eprinne

Trap - misanne (v), misat (n.) (plural: misaten)

True - rei

Turtle - tandertondat [plural: tandertondaten]

Uma - tandertondat ra kaergaet [also: uma, with a plural of umaten]

Understand kemenne

Unicorn - scov hi gaurisart [also: sund (from xund), plural: sundeten]

Up - meracai

Walk - tandenne

Warm - ler

      - lererua [weather]

Wash - gaenne

Water - gaet

We - ieon (masculine)/iean (feminine)/ien (mixed or neuter)

Weave - rignne

West - duna

Western - dunar

Wet - gaer

What - toit

When - teolui

Where - tena

While - tine

White - oior

Who - tekeme

Whose - taia

Why - teile

Wind - erua [no singular or plural]

With - hi

Without - rase

Witness - glinne (v.); glit (n.) [plural: gliten]

Wizard - keir erondeao/keir erondeaa

        Keis Eronder Daerao/Keis Eronder Daeraa (title)

Word - erdot

Work - maganne (v.), magat (n.) (plural: magaten)

Wound - ketna

Voice - iine

Yes - ana

You - nieo (masculine singular)/niea (feminine singular)

        nieon (masculine plural)/niean (feminine plural)

        nien (mixed or neuter plural)

Your - kor nieo (masculine)/kor niea (feminine)

Verbs/Derivatives

acinne - to accept; to take (after being offered)

acit - small refreshment offered by host (hors d'oeuvre)

aianne - to have; to hold

aginne - to hide; to conceal

alemnne - to shine (reflect light)

alemat - moon

ateinne - to enter

ateit - door, gate

buenne - to multiply (numbers); to reproduce; to give birth

buer - pregnant (female); fertile (cropland, pasture)

danne - to add (numbers); to increase; to grow

deinne - to descend; to fall

chenne - to enclose; to encircle;

chet - circle

ecolnne - to give; to offer

eilenne - to be (sentient beings)

eprinne - to exchange

erdonne - to speak; to talk; to express

erdot - word; erdoten - LANGUAGE

erondenne - (to make/work) magic; to enchant (magically)

erondet - magic, enchantment, illusion

erondeao/erondeaa - magician, enchanter, illusionist

keir erondeao/keir erondeaa - "skillful magician" (wizard)

Eronder Daerao/Eronder Daeraa= "Magician" (title)

Keis Eronder Daerao/Keis Eronder Daeraa = "Wizard" (title)

genne - to heal

geunne - to steal

glinne - to recognize; to identify (glinne + book, etc =to read)

gorunne - to bathe

isnne - to bite; to pierce

isat - tooth (also spear)

isar - sharp; biting; piercing

jacusenne - to flirt; to banter

jolernne - to play; to joke

kaisenne - to lead

kaiset - path, road

kedenne - to scratch

kedeteo/kedetea - cat

keliset - tool

kemenne - to learn; to understand

kenne - to cut

ket - knife

maganne - to do; to work; to toil

meranne - to ascend; to climb/scale; to soar

mesenne - to see; to visualize

misanne - to entangle; to snare; to trap

misardat - jungle

nandanne - to rule; to govern

nandat - law; rule

nondanne - to sleep

oionne - to rush; to race

oluinne - to happen; to occur

sarnne - to teach; to instruct

sebenne - to love

sitauaienne - to please; to make happy

teiganne - to float; to elude

ularnne - to fly

General Linguistics/Pronounciations/Conjugations/Other

PRONUNCIATION

a - fATHer

b - bet

c - SHeep

d - Dog

e - Elephant

f - Father

g - Goat

h - THud

i - bIt

j - aZure

k - baCK

l - Laugh

m - Mother

n - Never

o - bOtch

p - Pet

r - Rain

s - Sane

t - Tap

u - lUnch

v - Very

aa - YAk

ae - JAm

ai - sAY

ao - JAil

au - lAUrel

ea - YEs

ee - JElly

ei - sEA

eo - EOn

eu - EUnuch

ia - YIp

ie - JIm

ii - EYE

io - YIkes

iu - tissUE

oa - YOlk

oe - JOlly

oi - tOE

oo - mOOn

ou - cOUgh

ua - YOung

ue - JUly

ui - YOU

uo - tOUgh

uu - cOW

ya - YEAH (used only in one word, "ya" - thing)

PRONOUNS, POSSESSIVES, ETC.

Ieo - (I, masculine) Iea - (I, feminine)

Nieo - (You, masculine) Niea - (You, feminine)

Aeo - He

Aea - She

Ae - It

Ieon - (We, masculine) Iean - (We, feminine) Ien - (We, mixed gender)

Nieon - (You, masculine) Niean - (You, feminine) Nien - (You, mixed gender)

Aeon - (They, masculine)

Aean - (They, feminine)

Aen - (They, mixed gender or neuter)

k'ieo/k'iea - my, mine k'ieon/k'iean/k'ien - our, ours

kor nieo/kor niea - your, yours

k'aeo - his k'aeon - their, theirs (masculine)

k'aea - her, hers k'aean - their, theirs (feminine)

k'aen - its k'aen - their, theirs (mixed gender or neuter)

Examples:

Ois teigat k'aen. This is their boat.

                        This boat is theirs.                           This boat belongs to them.

Oiten teigat k'ieo. Those are my boats.

   or                   Those boats are mine.

Oiten teigat k'iea. Those boats belong to me.

The phrase "Teigaten k'iea" is NOT equivalent to the phrase

"Iea aya teigaten". Even though both literally mean

"I have some boats", the first phrase implies OWNERSHIP, while

the second implies physical POSSESSION.

"Iea aya teigaten k'iea." is a phrase which indicates both ownership and physical possession.

INDICATIVES

Ois - this Oit - that

Oisen - these Oiten - those

INTERROGATIVES

Toit - what Examples:

Tekeme - who Taia oisen? = Whose are these?

Tena - where Tekeme oit? = Who is that?

Taia - whose Toit ois? = What is this?

Teile - why

Teolui - when

Temaga - how

CONJUNCTIONS AND MISCELLANEOUS WORDS (CONDITIONALS, ETC.)

elg - and (for joining two words or phrases only)

eln - and (separates words in a spoken series)

elb - and (used before the last word in a spoken series)

eli - and (used for joining two numbers only)

elh - and (separates numbers in a spoken series)

eld - and (used before the last number in a spoken series of numbers)

glaa - if

ouso - or (exculsive)

ouse - or (inclusive)

da - not

d'na - no

d'naya - nothing

ber - false

ana - yes

rei - true

verb root + cai = "place" of verb, e.g. geicai = "place of healing"

pronoun/noun + na = "place" of pronoun/noun = Ieana = "my home"

kor - possessive "of" (becomes k' before vowels)

hi - with

sle - else

keir - large, great, big

aor - small, tiny, insignificant

VERBS AND DERIVED WORDS

Verb root + nne = infinitive form of the verb

Verb root + p (ap) = gerund

Verb root + t (at) = noun derivative

Verb root + r (ar) = adjective derivative

Verb root + s (as) = adverb derivative

Verb root + re (are) = past tense (Standard/Informal form)

Verb root + ro (aro) = future tense (Standard/Informal form)

r (ra) + verb root = passive voice

-eo = flag for masculine "I"

-ea = flag for feminine "I"

-eon = flag for masculine "We"

-ean feminine "We"

-en mixed "We"

-no (-ano) masculine "You"

-na (-ana) feminine "You"

-non (-anon) masculine "You" (plural)

-nan (-anan) feminine "You" (plural)

-nen (-anen) mixed "You"

-ao He

-aa She

-ae It

-aon masculine "They"

-aan feminine "They"

-aen mixed "They"

cal Tense marker for "present"

recal Tense marker for "past"

rocal Tense marker for "future"

Note: There are several intermediate tense markers, i.e. before and after, but the three markers above are the ONLY ones to determine the tense "flavoring" of the entire phrase or sentence.

Sample conjugation: AIANNE = "to have", "to hold"

verb root: aia

gerund : aiap

noun derivatives: aiat - coin/money (plural: aiaten)

               aiart = pet, possession

               aiarya = pet, possession (term of endearment)                  There are several more derivatives!!!!

adjective: aiar

adverb: aias

I. Standard (Informal) Conjugation:

Verbs conjugated in the standard/informal manner are hard coded for tense as well as for voice. The passive voice is RARELY used in standard/informal.

Also, pronouns may or not precede a conjugated verb in standard/informal form. As a general rule, they DO precede in talking or writing to non-intimates and DO NOT in talking/writing to intimates. Conjugated verbs without pronoun precedents are hard-coded for person.

 Present Tense:

 a) With pronoun precedent

    Ieo/Ie'aia         I have

    Ieon/Iean/Ien aia   We have

    Nieo/Nie'aia        You have

    Nieon/Niean/Nien aia You (plural) have

    Aeo/Ae'aia/Ae aia   He/She/It has

    Aeon/Aean/Aen aia   They have

 b) Without pronoun precedent

    aiaeo/aiaea          I have

    aiaeon/aiaean/aiaen  We have

    aiano/aiana          You have

    aianon/aianan/aianen You (plural) have

    aiaao/aiaaa/aiaae    He/she/it has

    Aiaaon/aiaaan/aiaaen They have

 Past Tense:

 a)  With pronoun precedent

    Ieo/Ie'aiare

    Ieon/Iean/Ien aiare

    Nieo/Niea aiare

    Nieon/Niean/Nien aiare

    Aeo/Ae'aiare/Ae aiare

    Aeon/Aean/Aen aiare

 b) Without pronoun precedent

    aiareeo/aiareea

    aiareeon/aiareean/aiareen

    aiareno/aiarena

    aiarenon/aiarenan/aiarenen

    aiareao/aiareaa/aiareae

    aiareao/aiareaan/aiareaen

 Future Tense:

 a) With pronoun precedent

    Ieo/Ie'aiaro

    Ieon/Iean/Ien aiaro

    Nieo/Nie'aiaro

    Nieon/Niean/Nien aiaro

    Aeo/Ae'aiaro/Ae aiaro

    Aeon/Aean/Aen aiaro

 b) Without pronoun precedent

    aiaroeo/aiaroea

    aiaroeon/aiaroean/aiaroen

    aiarono/aiarona

    aiaronon/aiaronan/aiaronen

    aiaroao/aiaroaa/aiaroae

    aiaroaon/aiaroaan/aiaroaen

II.  Non-Standard (Formal) Conjugation

Verbs conjugated in the non-standard/formal manner are hard coded for ONLY voice. And, voice is ALWAYS passive in this form.

Tense is "soft-coded"; a tense marker is put forth either as part of a sentence, or as a statement all to itself. The first style is characteristic of dialogue, while the second is of formal writings and decrees. The presented tense marker 'flavors' all of the conjugated verbs which follow it and come before another tense marker (which will ALWAYS be one which will change the tense....if it isn't, it's HORRIBLE GRAMMAR)

Pronouns ALWAYS precede a conjugated verb in non-standard/informal form. Therefore, verbs conjugated in this form do not require pronoun flags. Note: The following conjugation is "general formal"; used by social equals.

"Very formal" or "Ceremonial" would call for the pronouns being substituted by titles ("very formal") or by Servant/Master ("ceremonial")

Ieo/Iea raia had by me

Ieon/Iean/Ien raia had by us

Nieo/Niea raia had by you

Nieon/Niean/Nien raia had by you (plural)

Aeo/Aea/Ae raia had by him/her/it

Aeon/Aean/Aen raia had by them

DIRECTIONS MEANING DIRECTIONAL AFFIXES

cai Here ca-

gana East ga-

meracai Up mera-

digana Southeast diga-

dina South di-

diduna Southwest didu-

duna West du-

aaduna Northwest aadu-

deicai Down dei-

aana North aa-

aagana Northeast aaga-

Each digit has both a consonant and a vowel/vowel-preceded representation; consonant + vowel/vowel preceded = numerical suffix

DIGIT CONSONANT VOWEL/VOWEL PRECEDED

0 b a

1 c an

2 d e

3 f en

4 g i

5 h in

6 j o

7 k on

8 l u

9 m un

10 n aa

11 p aan

EXAMPLES:

0 ba 11 baan

1 ban 12 caban

2 be 13 cabe

3 ben 14 caben

4 bi 15 cabi

5 bin 16 cabin

6 bo 17 cabo

7 bon 18 cabon

8 bu 19 cabu

9 bun 20 cabun

10 baa 21 cabaa

30 gabu

40 merabon

50 digabo

60 dibin

70 didubi

80 duben

90 aadube

100 deiban

110 deibaan

200 dicon

300 cadaan

400 aaden

500 didufon

1,000 cakaan

1,500 dunun

Numbers after "aagapaan" = 1,666 are expressed by joining numbers in equations by the use of either "da" (from "danne" - to add) or "bue" (from "buenne" - to multiply).

Examples: aagapaan da baa = 1,676

        digapun bue baa = 16,000

Numbers in series are separated by "elh", and the series is terminated by "elb".

Example: Aagapaan da baa elh digapun bue baa elh gaban elb digabaan.

       "One thousand six hundred and seventy-six, sixteen thousand,           twenty-three and fifty-five."

Ordinal numbers are represented by placing a dash "-" between the number and the modified word.

Examples: Ban-Egut = "First Blood"

        Ben-Alemat = "Second Moon"