Candy corn

**Candy corn** is a type of small, triangular candy, typically divided into three sections of different colors, with a waxy texture and a flavor based on honey, sugar, butter, and vanilla. It is a staple candy of the fall (autumn) season and the Halloween holiday in the United States. Candy corn's traditional colors of yellow, orange, and white represent the colors of the fall harvest, or of corn on the cob, with the wide yellow end resembling corn kernels. Another possible reason for its name derives from the candy being shaped like a unicorn horn, hence candy (uni)corn.

Despite its ubiquity, candy corn has a reputation for polarizing responses, with articles referring to it as "Halloween's most contentious sweet" that people either "love" or "hate."

# History

"Chicken Feed" was the original name of the candy with production starting in the late 1880s. It was first invented in the 1880s by a Wunderle Candy Company employee, George Renninger. Wunderle Candy Company was the first to produce the candy in 1888. Following the Wunderle Candy Company, the Goelitz Confectionery Company (now called Jelly Belly) began manufacturing the product in 1898. While Jelly Belly still makes candy corn, the largest manufacturer of candy corn is Brach's Confections owned by the Ferrara Candy Company. Brach’s makes approximately 7 billion pieces of candy corn per year and possesses 85 percent of the total share of the candy corn industry during the Halloween season.

Along with other agriculture-inspired treats at the time in the late 19th century, America's confectioners sought to market candy corn to a largely rural society. During the late 1800’s, "butter cream" candies molded into many types of nature inspired shapes, including chestnuts, turnips, and clover leaves were quite popular but what made candy corn stand out was its bright and iconic tri-color layering.

Although it is currently most popular in the fall, candy corn was not always associated with the fall and Halloween season. For the first half of the 20th century, candy corn was a well known “penny candy” or bulk confectionary, and it was advertised as an affordable and popular treat that could be eaten year round.

Candy corn developed into a fall and Halloween staple around the 1950s when people began to hand out individually wrapped candy to trick-or-treaters. The harvest-themed colors and increased advertising in the month of October also helped candy corn become the fall staple that it is today.

The National Confectioners Association has deemed October 30, the day before Halloween, as "National Candy Corn Day."

# Sales

The National Confectioners Association estimates that around 35 million pounds (over 15,000 metric tons) of candy corn are sold annually. As of 2016, annual production in the United States is 35 million pounds, or almost 9 billion pieces of candy.The majority of candy corn sales occur during the Halloween season.

# Production

Originally the candy was made by hand. Manufacturers first combined sugar, corn syrup, carnauba wax, and water and cooked them to form a slurry. Fondant was added for texture and marshmallows were added to provide a soft bite. The final mixture was then heated and poured into shaped molds. Three passes, one for each colored section, were required during the pouring process.

The recipe remains basically the same today. The production method, called "corn starch modeling," likewise remains the same, though tasks initially performed by hand were soon taken over by machines made for that purpose.

# Variants

A popular variation called "harvest corn" features a chocolate brown wide end, orange center and pointed white tip, often available around Thanksgiving. During the Halloween season, blackberry cobbler candy corn can be found in eastern Canada,as well as candy corn shaped like pumpkins. Confectioners have introduced additional color variations suited to other holidays. The Christmas variant (sometimes called "reindeer corn") typically has a red end and a green center; the Valentine's Day variant (sometimes called "cupid corn")typically has a red end and a pink center; In the United States during Independence Day celebrations, corn with a blue end, white center, and red tip (named "freedom corn") can be found at celebratory cook outs and patriotic celebrations; the Easter variant (sometimes called "bunny corn") is typically only a two-color candy, and comes with a variety of pastel bases (pink, green, yellow, and purple) with white tips all in one package. There were/are also caramel apple and green apple, s'mores and pumpkin spice, carrot corn (green and orange, with a carrot cake flavor) and birthday cake candy corn flavors.

While not technically candy corn, candy corn flavored snacks have become more widely available with candy corn flavored variants of snack foods and candy such as candy corn flavored Oreos, candy corn M&M's, candy corn flavored marshmallows, and more.

# See also

* Candy pumpkin
* Fruitcake