Lugaid Riab nDerg (Person)

*See also **Lugaid Mac Con Roi** (Some thing they're the same person)*

**Lugaid Riab nDerg** ("the red-striped") or **Réoderg** ("Red Sky"), son of the three *findemna*, triplet sons of Eochu Feidlech, and their sister Clothru was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland.

**Family**

Father

* the three *findemna*

Mother

* Clothru

Son

* Crimthann Nia Náir by Clothru his mother

Ulster Cycle king and foster-brother (sometimes foster-son) of Cúchulainn, best remembered for his tragic marriage to Derbforgaill (1) of Lochlainn. Although she was smitten with Cúchulainn, he could not marry her as he had inadvertently tasted her blood while sucking out a stone that had penetrated her womb. He passed her along to Lugaid Riab nDerg, and the two of them were quite happily married. Derbforgaill suffered a grotesque death, however. Court women goaded her into a test of sexual allure by seeing which woman could send her urine furthest through a pillar of snow; when she won, they jealously mutilated and killed her. On his return Cúchulainn slaughtered 150 of the courtly women, but Lugaid died of grief or shock.

Incest is a frequent motif in Lugaid Riab nDerg's story. He was begotten when his mother Clothra lay with her three brothers, Finn Emna [the three Finns of Emain]. Later Lugaid lay with his mother Clothra to produce Crimthann Nia Náir. This incest may explain his sobriquet. Some texts describe his body as divided by two red lines, separating his head from his shoulders and cutting his trunk at the belt, reflecting the contributions of his three fathers. A prosaic but common alternative is that the red stripes were battle scars.

Modern commentators have argued that Lugaid Riab nDerg was invented to fill out the cast of the Ulster Cycle, aspects of his character being borrowed from other Lugaids. Most specious is his kingship, as he never appears to rule. The Annals record that he was killed by Three Red Heads of Leinster, an apparent contrivance to counter the three Finns [white, fair] who fathered him. See LUGAID MAC CASRUBAE.

## Conception

He was conceived of incest. The night before the three *findemna*, Bres, Nár and Lothar, made war for the High Kingship against their father in the Battle of Druimm Criaich, their sister Clothru, concerned that her brothers could die without heirs, seduced all three of them, and a son, Lugaid, was conceived. His epithet came from two red stripes around his neck and waist, dividing him into three: above the neck he resembled Nár; from the neck to the waist he resembled Bres; and from the waist down he resembled Lothar. Incest features further in Lugaid's story: he slept with Clothru himself, conceiving Crimthann Nia Náir.

## Rise to power

The *Lebor Gabála Érenn* says he came to power after a five-year interregnum following the death of Conaire Mór (six years according to the *Annals of the Four Masters*). His foster-father, the Ulster hero Cúchulainn, split the Lia Fáil (coronation stone at Tara which roared when the rightful king stood or sat on it) with his sword when it failed to roar under Lugaid. It never roared again except under Conn of the Hundred Battles.

## Conflicts

The wizard of Ethne, daughter of Eochaid Feidlech, prophesied that the son of Ethne's sister Clothru would kill her (Ethne). Therefore Ethne fled to Cruachan in the East to give birth to her son, but Lugaid chased her there and drowned her; he then cut her son, Furbaide Fer-benn (described as having two horns on his temples) from her womb. Later at the age of 17 Furbaide sought revenge against Lugaid for his mother's death, and killed Clothru, for which Lugaid killed Furbaide on a mountain top called Sliab Uillean. Certain elements of this story bear a resemblance to the prophecy of Lugh Lamhfhada, son of Ethniu, who was predicted to kill his grandfather Balor of the Evil-Eye.

## Marriage

His wife was Derbforgaill, a daughter of the king of Lochlann (Scandinavia), who had fallen in love with Cúchulainn from afar and come to Ireland with a handmaiden in the form of a pair of swans, linked by a golden chain, to seek him out. Cúchulainn and Lugaid were at Loch Cuan (Strangford Lough) and saw them fly past. Cúchulainn, at Lugaid's urging, shot a slingstone which hit Derbforgaill, penetrating her womb, and the two women fell on the beach in human form. Cúchulainn saved Derbforgaill's life by sucking the stone from her side, and she declared her love for him, but because he had sucked her side he could not marry her – evidently he had violated some *geis* or taboo. Instead he gave her to Lugaid. They married, and she bore him children.

## Deaths of Derbforgaill and Lugaid

One day in deep winter, the men of Ulster made pillars of snow, and the women competed to see who could urinate the deepest into the pillar and prove herself the most desirable to men. Derbforgaill's urine reached the ground, and the other women, out of jealousy, attacked and mutilated her, gouging out her eyes and cutting off her nose, ears, and hair. Lugaid noticed that the snow on the roof of her house had not melted, and realised she was close to death. He and Cúchulainn rushed to the house, but Derbforgaill died shortly after they arrived, and Lugaid died of grief. Cúchulainn avenged them by demolishing the house the women were inside, killing 150 of them.

## Alternatives

For Lugaid Réoderg, an alternative tradition exists that he met his death at the hands of the *Trí Rúadchinn Laigen*, the "Three Reds of the Laigin" also involved in the death of Conaire Mór. Lucius Gwynn suggested that what may have happened is an earlier King of Tara known as Lugaid Réoderg may have become confused with a separate and minor character from the Ulster Cycle associated with Cúchulainn. T. F. O'Rahilly, on the other hand, believed the epithet *Riab nDerg* to simply be a corruption of the earlier *Réoderg*, meaning something like "of the red sky", and does not believe them to be distinct legendary figures (see below).

## Further analysis

The view advanced by O'Rahilly was that Lugaid Riab nDerg is yet another emanation of the heroic mytho-dynastic figure Lugaid, closely associated with the prehistoric Érainn, a population of late Iron Age Ireland who provide Irish legend with its earliest known Kings of Tara. One of their most notable representatives in that office is Lugaid's immediate predecessor, Conaire Mór.

Specifically, O'Rahilly believed Lugaid Riab nDerg to be the double of Lugaid mac Con Roí, whose alternative epithet was *mac Trí Con* "son of Three Hounds", and who himself is to some extent identical with Lugaid Mac Con. The last, usually known simply as Mac Con "Hound's Son", is an Érainn king matching Conaire Mór in importance in Irish legend. Another is Cú Roí mac Dáire, or simply Dáire, father of Lugaid mac Con Roí. A 'fourth' Lugaid and 'ancestor' of Mac Con was Lugaid Loígde.

## Lugaid's reign[edit]

He had ruled for twenty, twenty-five or twenty-six years. The *Lebor Gabála* synchronises his reign with that of the Roman emperor Claudius (AD 41–54). The chronology of Geoffrey Keating's *Foras Feasa ar Éirinn* dates his reign to 33–13 BC, that of the *Annals of the Four Masters* to 33–9 BC.

**Conaire Mór**
FFE 33–13 BC
AFM 33–9 BC
**Conchobar Abradruad**