recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Detatched

Detached (adj.)

Definition: Detached refers to an object standing alone.  It can also refer to something exhibiting an aloof objectivity, usually free from prejudice or self- interest.  While detached can be used to refer to a physical separation, the term commonly is used to describe an emotional state.

Examples:

“I should be scared, I thought with an odd detached feeling, but I'm not... Suddenly, in the red glow and the haze, I remembered wondering what it was like in a burning ember, and I thought: Now I know, it's a red hell. Why aren't I scared?” (S. E. Hinton, 79)

Detachment by AnnMarie Valea
LordDeathGenome

LordDeathGenome is the QM for Both DWMA Quest and Spiral Warrior Quest, and member of Star's Discord.

DWMA Quest is a quest in the Soul Eater Universe, following Tony Starbrine, a Meister, on his adventures as he learns to control his powers.

Spiral Warrior Quest is based on the Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann universe, following the protagonist Jace.

LordDeathGenome is currently considered missing on the Discord, as he hasn't been online in weeks. It is currently unknown if he is still planning on continuing the quests.

DWMA Quest archive

Spiral Warrior Quest Archive
C-3PO

C-3PO is a playable character with a cool visual affect. When he gets damaged he starts to lose his body parts and then gets disassembles when killed.

## General Facts

He is a golden droid programmed for etiquette and protocol.
He is also one of Anakin Skywalker's Droid Friends.
He is highly clumsy and States the obvious
Sarcasm

-Sarcasm is simply a statement that utilizes irony either for purely comical purposes or to indirectly convey one’s contempt towards someone or something.  Although sarcasm can be lighthearted (falling under the “purely comical” umbrella), it often carries serious, and potentially dark, undertones.  Unlike other rhetorical devices such as repetition, hyperbole, and zeugma, sarcasm relies primarily on both the context of the statement and its vocalization to be effective. or else its intended effect could be lost on the audience.

-A visual example of sarcasm can be seen in the above image from the NBC sitcom *Parks and Recreation*. Here, Ron Swanson can be seen in front of the famous Big Ben clock, sarcastically remarking that "We don't have [a clock] in America". The humor in this statement is meant to mask (or creatively express) Ron Swanson's opinion on the tourist attraction: it is not a big deal and should not be treated as such.

-A cinematic example of sarcasm can be found in the 1994 film Pulp Fiction during a confrontation between hitmen Vincent Vega and Jules Winfeld and a small group of young men who had gotten themselves way over their heads by scamming a valuable briefcase away from mob boss Marsellus Wallace.  While one of the latter, Brett, attempted to talk their way out of the predicament they got themselves in, Jules nonchalantly shoots Brett’s friend.  After murdering him, Jules then turns to Brett and says, “I’m sorry, did I break your concentration?”  This response can be classified as sarcastic, as Jules was clearly unapologetic about his previous action and wanted to send a message to the young men that no words could possibly be said that would prevent their imminent execution.
Elements by number

ID's are number which are assigned to elements to show the order in which they were created. e.g. dust was created sixth, lava tenth... e.t.c

1. air
2. earth
3. fire
4. water
5. pond
6. dust
7. mud
8. wind
9. energy
10. lava
11. cloud
12. lake
13. flame
14. Windstorm
21. hill
22. river
24. Dustbunny
25. ocean
27. clay
28. sea
31. magma
46. Water pollution
155. bay
R2-D2

R2-D2 is a astromech droid which belongs to Anakin and which is then takes a liking to Luke.

## Appearance

R2-D2 has a blue and white color scheme. With a slight Crome finish on his head piece. Later in The original movies h is covered in dirt and grime.

## First Appearance

He first appears on a cutscene for a stafighter mission which you are fighting against the Separatist's.
Hyperbole

Hyperbole

Definition: A hyperbole is a literary device where the author uses specific words and phrases that exaggerate and overemphasize the main point of the statement in order to produce a grander, more noticeable effect. The purpose of hyperbole is to create a larger-than-life effect and overly stress a specific point.

Example: "I was helpless. I did not know what in the world to do. I was quaking from head to foot, and could have hung my hat on my eyes, they stuck out so far.” (Mark Twain)
Jar Jar Binks

He is first introduced on a Mission on (insert Planet name here). He is pretty useless until you have to use his amazing Jumping capabilities to turn a switch on.

## Facts

**Homeworld:** Naboo

**Species:** Gungan

**Gender:** Male

**Height:** 1.96 meters

**Weapon:** Gungan boomer

**Vehicle:** kaadu

**Affiliation:** Gungan Grand Army, Galactic Senate, Galactic Republic
Timorous

Timorous (Adj.):

Definition: Traits characteristic of a timorous behavior are fearfulness and timidness. Fearfulness implies that an individual is greatly scared, often unwilling to make significant action due to his/her dread of the possible consequences. Additionally, timidness is often synonymous with shyness, trying to stay away from the center of attentions, sometimes even hiding to prevent embarrassment. In literary works/compositions,

Ex. 1: The CIA, despite its cowboy image, is in fact in many ways a timorous, risk-averse bureaucracy.

-Hands Off the CIA, Joseph Finder April 21, 2009

Ex. 2: (He has never talked to her)

http://media.vanityfair.com/photos/563bcc50ffe4c2a35a2a7efc/master/w\_900,c\_limit/peanuts-little-red-haired-girl-comic-strip-03.png
Obi-Wan Kenobi

## Apperance:

Obi-Wan wears a beige suit like clothing with a white collar, white pants and a white/black inner shirt. And a slightly lighter under piece of his suit like clothing. On his suit thing there is a brown belt probably for supplies.Has orange hair and an orange beard. Has black eyes.

## Abilities:

His powers include Jedi Force Push, Jedi Force Pull, Jedi Force Build, Lightsaber Throw and Force Lift

## Allies:

* Anakin Skywalker.
* Yoda
* R2-D2
* C-3PO
* Captain Rex
Connotation

Connotation- "refers to a meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes explicitly. Words carry and emotional associations or meanings in addition to their literal meanings or denotations." "Connotation - Examples and Definition or Connotation." Literary Devices. N.p., 30 Oct. 2015. Web. 11 Apr. 2017.

Example: "Shall I compare Thee to a Summer's Day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate" (Sonnet 18" Shakespeare). The phrase "a Summer's Day" implies fairness.

Photo citation: "Connotation and Denotation." Emaze presentations. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Apr. 2017
Alynne of Cumberland

**Alynne of Cumberland** was Breton High Queen of High Rock. Alynne was part of the Five Alliance Pact against Third Aldmeri Dominion in 4E 201. She is a brilliant individual, well-rounded in trading, speechcraft, and the military.

## Notes

1. ↑ The Pact was started by Reman Septim in 4E 130. But it was disbanded in 4E 175 when Talos was banned. But it was resorted in 4E 201.
Weak Analogy

A weak analogy occurs when someone tries to make a comparison between two things that do not have enough in common to contribute to an argument, and often makes the argument seem as though the argument does not have enough accurate evidence to support its claim. The argument may be very strong up until the weak analogy, and the weak analogy can discredit all of the strong evidence in an argument. The fallacy of a weak analogy can simply be that the arguer states that two things have one thing in common and then assuming that they are basically the same or assuming that because one thing has a certain characteristic that the other thing has the same characteristic. An example of a false analogy in the real world is that many people believed that Bill Clinton would be a bad commander in chief because he had never been in the military himself and he was compared to allowing a random man off of the streets to fly a space shuttle, which doesn’t make much sense because they have almost nothing in common except a lack of experience. Just because he had not been in the military, did not mean that he would not make good decisions for the military. The military and space shuttle are two completely different things, so it doesn’t make sense to use them in the same argument and it makes the argument weak because they sound desperate to make a quick comparison. This man was just trying to prove his claim that Bill Clinton should is not fit for president because he doesn’t have military experience, but his weak analogy discredited his argument.  A good example of a weak analogy is in Forrest Gump, when Forrest says “Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you’re gonna get” because life and a box of chocolates only have that one thing in common. Life cannot be compared to a box of chocolates other than the surprise factor of both.
Anakin Skywalker

### Gameplay and Overall Facts:

Anakin Skywalker is a Jedi. Like everyother Jedi in the game he has force pull and push and force lift. He has a green light saber that takes 1 damage off a normal character. On a droid it takes two hit points.

### Appearance:

He wears brown Jedi robes with litttle sections of black in the front. He is white and has black eyes. He has brown Hair. Later in his life he will be known as Darth Vader.( In lego Star Wars III, you can't play Darth Vader.)

### Powers and Weapons:

* Green lightsaber.
* Force Push/Pull
* Force build
* Force control
* Lightsaber Throw

## Allies

* Obi-Wan Kenobi.
* Captain Rex.
* Commander Cody
* R2-D2.
* Ahsoka Tano
Humorous

Humorous is an adjective that usually pertains to a joke, story, circumstance, or way of speaking. It means that the noun is funny, laughable, entertaining or displays comedy. In tone, it means the author’s intent is to be amusing or cause the audience to laugh.

A humorous dialogue:

Teacher: Why are you late, Frank?

Frank    : Because of the sign.

Teacher: What sign?

Frank    : The one that says “School Ahead, Go Slow”.

~

Teacher: John, why are you doing your Math multiplication on the floor?

John      : You told me to do it without using tables.

Humorous Video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDfQo1ANeLM
Tone words

Ebullient → When using an ebullient tone, the author writes with enthusiasm and energy. It creates a sense of excitement for the audience, and it is somewhat reminiscent of an adrenaline rush. A frivolous tone is definitely a zealous choice since it is meant to evoke an jubilated or eager response from the reader. A high spirited mood within pieces can be used to inspire hope or any other elated sentiment for that matter.

Ex: Odysseus employs an ebullient tone upon his homecoming. He is thrilled to see his wife again and to spend time with his son, as demonstrated by the lines, “ ‘You make my stiff heart know that I am yours.’ Now long from his breast into his eyes the ache of longing mounted, and he wept at last, his dear wife, clear and faithful, in his arms longed for” (Homer, Book 23 in The Odyssey)

Ex:

This guy is very pumped up.

Frivolous → A frivolous tone insinuates that a topic is inconsequential or trivial. It does not deal with mature themes, which typically means the work lacks weight or depth. Sometimes, a frivolous tone can be used in the case of a criticism, seeing as the author may create such an unconcerned air in order to make fun of the public’s lack of seriousness in dealing with heavy and complex matters such as tolerance, politics, or even religion. However, most often, a frivolous tone is used in shallow or lighthearted texts, typically in a joking matter.

Ex: Apparently, this is an example of frivolous article because it takes an almost joking

approach on a serious, controversial issue. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/birth-control-as-election-issue-why/2012/02/17/gIQASW6kPR\_story.html?tid=a\_inl&utm\_term=.1c30e554034c

* This article was criticized by this responsorial article for its frivolous tone on such a delicate subject:

* + https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/a-frivolous-tone-on-a-serious-issue/2012/02/21/gIQA039bYR\_story.html?utm\_term=.7d4dc38072e1

Ex:This image makes fun of the petty nature of certain lawsuits, which highlights the trivial implication of the world frivolous.

Inflammatory → Such a tone always intends to evoke a blazing, impassioned response from its audience. An inflammatory tone sparks powerful, fiery emotions such as burning rage or an overwhelming support. Therefore, the inflammatory tone purposely tries to get a rise out of people in order to grasp their attention. It forces them to consider the matter at hand and spreads awareness of whatever topic is being discussed.

Ex: This is an example of an inflammatory article. Articles with strong or uncompromisable opinions most usually earn fierce support or fierce aversion. https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/compost/wp/2013/11/20/the-most-offensive-article-on-the-internet-and-why-you-need-to-stop-sharing-it-and-trying-to-get-it-taken-down/?utm\_term=.28f7e05bc6c9

Ex: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uo-7ISmwAi0

Trump’s controversial comments trigger masses of people as demonstrated by the social media backlash; however, judging from the applause and cheers he apparently has ardent supporters.
Hyperbaton

Definition: Hyperbaton has been imitated from a Greek term (αναστροφή) which translates to inversion in the sequence of typical and common phrases. This device alters arrangement of words for rhetorical emphasis while keeping a similar meaning to the original phrasing. Most notably, works of literature and Shakespeare include hyperbaton. The rearrangement of common diction creates a more profound effect on the reader, due to the unexpected word sequence.

Example: "Some rise by virtue, and some by virtue fall"-*Measure by Measure* by William Shakespeare. Shakespeare includes this abrupt word sequence; this inversion creates emphasis on the prose "by virtue"
Comic Relief

Comic Relief: Comic relief is when something entertaining or comical happens during an intense or serious situation. Comic relief  is meant to  provide emotional relief from stressful or high tension scenes. It can also be used to make dramatic actions even more intense by acting as a contrast to amplify the emotional impact. Often,  this literary device is used in tragedies or dramas.

Ex: “Fathers that wear rags /Do make their children blind./But fathers that bear bags/Shall see their children kind” - King Lear William Shakespear

An example of this literary device is in William Shakespeare's play King Lear.  During this time, King Lear is facing an extremely stressful conversation. In the middle of this dramatic scene, the “fool” steps in to tell a silly riddle. This provides comic relief from the intense situation at hand.

This is comic relief because the doctor told the other character that he is suffering from mental illness which is supposed to be serious, but the other character makes the funny conclusion that it is easy to fix the brain.

Citations:

"Comic Relief." Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com, n.d. Web. 11 Apr. 2017.

"Comic Relief: Definition & Examples." Study.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Apr. 2017.

Shakespeare, William, and Ian Pollock. King Lear. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal, 2006. Print.

"What Does It Mean: Comic Relief?" The Writing Place. N.p., 26 May 2010. Web. 26 Apr. 2017..

"Elements of Drama." Adobe Spark. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Apr. 2017.
Amplification

Amplification

Definition: Amplification refers to a literary practice where the writer embellishes the sentence by adding more information to it in order to increase its worth and understandability. When a plain sentence is too abrupt and fails to convey the full details of what is wanting to be said, amplification comes into play when the writer adds more to the structure to give it more meaning. Amplification usually involves embellishment but more information is always being added.

Example: Original sentence- The thesis paper was difficult. After amplification- The thesis paper was difficult: it required extensive research, data collection, sample surveys, interviews and a lot of fieldwork.

This painting shows amplification because the face before is missing features but after more detail is added making it a better painting. The same goes for a plain sentences missing detail but once amplification is used there is more detail.
Bewilderment

BEWILDERED

When someone is confused, dazed, or frazzled, he/she is in a state of bewilderment. Someone may be bewildered if he/she is in a situation in which he/she is unsure of him self, in a state of doubt, or cannot predict the outcome of a situation. For example, someone may be bewildered, puzzled or utterly confused, if he/she is caught in between fantasy and reality.

***Alice in Wonderland* by Lewis Carroll**

“Who are YOU?” said the Caterpillar. This was not an encouraging opening for a conversation. Alice replied, rather shyly, “I-I hardly know, sire, just at present- at least I know who I WAS when I got up this morning, but I think I must have been changed several times since then.”

***Guernica*: Pablo Picasso**

http://static.donquijote.org/images/tops/520/guernica.jpg
Prolepsis

Prolepsis, AKA flashforward, is a literary device in which the plot goes ahead of time. A flash-forward represents expected or imagined events in the future interjected in the main plot revealing the important parts of the story that are yet to occur. It also can be used to foresee objections to an argument. The authors will most likely raise an objection to their argument and answer it to strengthen their own argument.

Example:

Charles Dickens’ “Christmas Carol” shows Scrooge in a flash-forward. The greedy and grouchy Scrooge is visited by the “Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come” who shows him his future. Scrooge sees himself dead, and people are actually happy. No one mourns his death, and the people he ruined in his life steal his wealth. He even sees Mrs. Dilber, his housekeeper, selling his property. His only legacy is a cheap tombstone in a graveyard. He weeps on his own grave and asks the third ghost of Christmas to give him a chance to change himself. He wakes up and finds that he is back on the Christmas morning of the present. Scrooge repents and changes his attitude towards life.

"Flash-forward - Examples and Definition of Flash-forward." Literary Devices. N.p., 11 Mar. 2015. Web. 21 Apr. 2017. <https://literarydevices.net/flash-forward/>.

This picture depicts a seer who can see the future. This parallels prolepsis because it is a literary device in which the plot goes ahead of time.
Ad Crumenam

An appeal to wealth, also known as ad crumenam, occurs when the speaker assumes something to be better due to its connection to affluence. It is easy to fall into this trap in a society that holds wealth in such high esteem. One can fall into such a temptation by saying that something is better merely because it is more expensive, or by assuming that an individual who is rich is more hard-working than someone less fortunate. This appeal is especially fallacious if money has nothing to do with the topic at hand.

Real world examples:

* People see this appeal to the rich all the time in advertisements. The public believes that since this cell phone service costs more than this other one, it must be better. Or other advertisements have videos of wealthy people using a particular product, and the people might think “if this rich person is using said product, it must be top notch!”
* Another example stems from Wall Street’s H.B McFdden when he said, “Why, oh why, does the media bolster President Obama's rhetoric by using his term: ‘the rich’? Would it not be more appropriate to say ‘the successful,’ or ‘those who work harder’?”

Visual Example
Juxtaposition

Juxtaposition

Definitions: This is when an author places two concepts, characters, ideas, or places near or next to each other so that the reader will compare and contrast them. This device helps distinguish the contrast between the two and compare them. Usually, the two things being juxtaposed have differences and it is used in books to highlight the contrasts.

Literary example: Tale of Two Cities By Charles Dickens

It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way – in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only.

Visual Representation:

1. UP trailer

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pkqzFUhGPJg
Flippant

Flippant- Acting flippantly is being  rude, irrelevant, or joking when one should be serious.  Mostly, being flippant is not taking a grave or important event seriously. It could be making rude or inappropriate remarks or it could be it could be dancing around in a graveyard on people’s tombstones.

1. When Dylann Roof was put on trial for the shooting in Charleston, he chuckled and said “ I had to do it,” giving no respect or even thinking about any of the families affected by him.
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vmb1tqYqyII
Rhetorical Devices

Rhetorical devices are the tools used by authors and/or speakers to further their claim and be as persuasive as possible for a given audience.

Ad Hominem

Allegory

Alliteration

Allusion

Alter-Ego

Amplification

Anachronism

Anadiplosis

Anaphora

Antecedent

Antithesis

Aphorism

Aporia

Apostrophe

Assonance

Begging the Question

Chiasmus

Circumlocution

Comic Relief

Conceit

Concession

Connotation

Counterfactual

Cumulative (or Loose) Sentence

Deus ex machina

Epistrophe

Equivocation

Euphemism

False Dilemma

Foreshadow

Hyperbaton

Hyperbole

Hypophora

Interpellation

Irony

Isocolon

Jargon

Juxtaposition

Litote

Malapropism

Metanoia

Metaphor

Metonymy

Onomatopoeia

Oxymoron

Parable

Paraphrase

Parenthesis

Pathetic Fallacy

Personification (and here)

Pleonasm

Polysyndeton

Premise

Prolepsis

Red Herring

Reductio ad Hitlerum

Rhetorical Question

Romanticism

Sarcasm

Signposting

Slippery Slope

Syllogism

Symbol

Synecdoche

Synesthesia

Tautology
Cold

When someone or something is described as cold, they are lacking affection or warmth of feeling. Usually someone or something that is cold could be seen as being heartless or having no compassion. A cold word or comment may be taken as harsh or blunt.

“Let a kind word warm you when your thoughts turn cold.”

- Marty Rubin
Audacious

1. to be extremely bold or daring; to be recklessly courageous in expression or action. To be audacious is to be unafraid to convey emotion or opinion (literary).
2. In *Sir Gawain and the Green Knight,* the knight Sir Gawain demonstrates immense courage as he volunteers to participate in the Green Knight's murderous game in place of King Arthur as he asks to "let this fray be [his]" for the safety and reputations of his kinsmen (the Pearl Poet).
3. Jackson Polluck's "Autumn Rhythm" is a bold and chaotic piece; as an abstract work, it is daring in straying from traditional art.
Condescending

Definition:

A
condescending tone is one in which a haughty attitude is shown or implied, in
which the speaker looks down on the reader from a position of (real or
perceived) superiority.  It is very
similar to a contemptuous tone, with the main difference being that
condescension emphasizes the speaker’s superiority, whereas a contemptuous tone
focuses more on the lowliness of the subject discussed.

Ex:

*An excuse for presenting a translation of this*
*curious tale, out of its very insular Latin into the modern tongue of the*
*United Kingdom, may be found in the glimpse that it affords of life in a dark*
*period of the history of Britain, not to mention the light that it throws on*
*the origin of some difficult place-names. Some may find the character and*
*adventures of its hero attractive in themselves.*

*-*-J.R.R. Tolkien – “Farmer
Giles of Ham”

Visual:
Bemused

(verb) Means lost in thought, as if one were daydreaming. It also means confused, perplexed, or baffled. Another definition for bemused is taken aback or disoriented.

Examples:

1. To be or not to be: that is the question... To die, to sleep; to sleep: perchance to dream: ay there's the rub, for in that sleep of death what dreams may come when we have shuffled off that mortal coil, must give us pause: there's the respect that makes calamity of so long life... For who bears the whips and scorns of time..."- Hamlet, *Hamlet*
2. "Should I stay or should I go now? If I go there will be trouble, and if I stay there will be double, so come on and let me know. This indecisions bugging me, if you don't want me, set me free. Exactly who I'm supposed to be."- The Clash
Conceit

Conceit is a figure of speech where two immensely different things are joined together by similes or metaphors. Conceit creates unlikely comparisons that enable readers to see things in a new and surprising way. The literary device often uses an extended metaphor to create an elaborate comparison in a large section of a poem or the entire poem.

example: "Sonnet 97" by William Shakespeare

"How like a winter hath my absence been

From thee, the pleasure of the fleeting year!

What freezings have I felt, what dark days seen!

What old December's bareness everywhere!

And yet this time remov'd was summer's time,

The teeming autumn, big with rich increase,

Bearing the wanton burthen of the prime,

Like widow'd wombs after their lords' decease:

Yet this abundant issue seem'd to me

But hope of orphans and unfather'd fruit;

For summer and his pleasures wait on thee,

And thou away, the very birds are mute;

Or if they sing, 'tis with so dull a cheer

That leaves look pale, dreading the winter's near."

(Winter is compared to his separation from his lover)
Assonance

Assonance

1. Assonance takes place when two or more words close to one another repeat the same vowel sound but start with different consonant sounds, typically found in poetry and prose. It is also known as vowel rhyming.
2. “He gives his harness bells a shake

To ask if there is some mistake.

The only other sound’s the sweep

Of easy wind and downy flake.

The woods are lovely, dar and deep.

But I have promises to keep,

And miles to go before I sleep

And miles to go before I sleep.” - From Robert Frost’s poem “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”
Absurd

A word that describes a bizarre occurrence. To describe something as abnormal. A word used to  describe something not realistic or an unreal situation.

Whatsoever is contrary to nature is contrary to reason, and whatsoever is contrary to reason is absurd.

https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/b/baruchspin193201.html?src=t\_absurd

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5oCLKFbPwA
Blunt

BLUNT

When someone is forthright about some kind of information, he/she is being blunt. Blunt does not hint at something but directly states what it is whether or not it may be hard to hear. For example, someone may lie to another about his/her appearance to make he/she feel better, but in reality, the outfit or hairstyle being discussed does not suit him/her at all. One person would try his/her hardest to avoid the hard truth, dropping intimations, as opposed to the blunt person who would directly tell the person that he/she does not look good.

*The Great Gatsby: F. Scott Fitzgerald*

“Every one suspects himself of at least one of the cardinal virtues, and this is mine: I am one of the few honest people that I have ever known.”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YYj0M19Ap34
Satirical

Satiric (Adj.)

Definition: Generally referring to a literary work/composition, a satiric text contains a style of writing which prevalently features, as the word itself implies, satire, which is characterized by the use of irony and/or sarcasm. Satiric works often serve to expose or denounce vice and folly. In fact, satiric writing commonly contain an exaggerated tone, using hyperbolic ridicule to mock the faults of human nature.

Ex. 1: “I have never made but one prayer to God, a very short one: Oh Lord, make my enemies ridiculous. And God granted it."

- Voltaire, Letter to Étienne Noël Damilaville, May 16, 1767

Ex. 2: (She’s mocking his gullibility)
Zeugma

Definition: A figure of speech in which a word, usually a verb or an adjective, applies to more than one noun. This blends together grammatical and logical ideas that would be very different from one another on there own.

Example: “Friends, Romans, Countrymen, Lend me your ears” - Shakespeare (Julius Caesar)

Pic:
Ludicrous

Ludicrous- the act of being absurd or ridiculous; random. Ludicrous can be the act of trying to amuse or cause laughter through silliness. The act of being ludicrous can also be completely unreasonable and nonsensical.

“Can we count them with our nose?

Can we count them with our toes?

Should we count them with a band?

Should we count them all by hand?

If I do not like the count,

I will simply throw them out!

I will not let this vote count stand,

I do not like them, and Al Gore I am!

Do you like green eggs and ham?(Dr. Seuss)”

“I do not like them, Sam-I-am.

I do not like green eggs and ham!”

Would you like them here or there?"

"I would not like them here or there.

I would not like them anywhere.

“I do so like green eggs and ham!

Thank you!

Thank you,

Sam-I-am!” (Dr. Seuss)
Tragic

Tragic is when one feels completely filled with sorrow and despair due to a situation. Tragedy refers to the situation itself in that it is a horrible thing that fills its victims with depression and leaves them hopeless because the catastrophe deeply wounds them. A tragic voice in a text expresses depression and sorrow in their somber tone and attitude due to the events that have happened.

EX: We see tragedy when there is a horrible bombing or mass killing, car accident or when one loses a beloved one.

Quotes: One example of extreme tragedy can be seen through the events of 9-11.

“The tragic events of September 11, 2001 constitute a fundamental landmark in American history. a decisive watershed, a breaking point. Millions of people have been misled regarding the causes and consequences of 9/11” (Chossudovsky,The 9-11 Reader).

An example of a tragic person can be seen through Carton in “Tale of Two Cities,” who is filled with depression and sorrow because he feels like a failure.

“I am like one who died young. All my life might have been.”

“I am a disappointed drudge, sir. I care for no man on earth, and no man on earth cares for me.”
Irony

Irony is a rhetorical device "in which words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words.” It could also be a “situation that may end up in quite a different way than what is generally anticipated.” (literarydevices.net)

Example: “Wonderful weather we’re having!” she said as the storm raged outside.
Antithesis

**Definition**: Antithesis is a rhetorical device in which two opposite ideas are put together in a sentence. Antithesis uses the parallel structure of these phrases, words, ideas or clauses to emphasize the differences between them. In this rhetorical device, an idea is directly contrasted with another completely opposite concept through parallel structure.

**Example Passage**: “A Tale of Two Cities” by Charles Dickens starts with following lines:

“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair.”

**Visual Representation**: Antithesis examples in pop music (Lana Del Rey, Taylor Swift, OneRepublic)
Euphemism

Euphemism- The substitution of an unagreeable, offensive or unpleasant word or phrase with one that is more socially acceptable and pleasant. Euphemisms are popularly used in referring to taboo subjects (i.e. disabilities, death, etc) in a more deferential way. Euphemisms replace offensive words/phrases for inoffensive ones.

### Example: (euphemisms in bold) (http://www.wright-house.com/ac/papers97/Henry-ac1.html)

Specialized Programs for Physically and Mentally Challenged Children

Aisha Henry

Advocates for Children

Having a cousin who is physically **handicapped**, I have always been concerned with **specialized programs.** After recently speaking with her mother, my Aunt Liz, I realized how difficult it was in the past to get help for children who were diagnosed physically and mentally **challenged**. My aunt explained that after being dissatisfied with the lack of programs available, she was forced to teach and care for Shari herself. After speaking with my aunt, I was very interested in finding out more about the **special programs** currently being devoted to **underdeveloped children**.

### Picture Example:

Listed are common euphemisms for condoms/contraceptives, douches, pads and tampons.
Metonymy

A metonymy is a word or phrase that replaces the name of another word, which it is closely associated with. A metonymy adds flavor to a piece of writing by helping the writer sound less redundant. It addresses something in a more poetic and unique way. Authors can also add more complexity and meaning to ordinary words by using metonymy; furthermore, drawing the reader’s attention to what otherwise would not be noticed. This means bringing deeper meaning to simple objects or ideas.

Example 1-

Marcellus: Something is rotten in the state of Denmark.

(*Hamlet* by William Shakespeare)

Shakespeare used metonymy in his plays and poems. This line from Hamlet: “the state of Denmark” is repeated throughout the book. It is meant to stand in for the whole royal system and government.

Example 2-

"The pen is mightier than the sword."

(*Richelieu* by Edward Bulwer Lytton)
Demanding Tone

Demanding

1. To be demanding is to want lots of attention from others. It is also to have many needs that need to be met. It is to feel entitled to the attention of others and claiming more than others. A demanding character would be one which is very dependent on others, and always asks for favors or demands favors.

2. “You must create a female version for me, with whom I can live in the interchange of those sympathies necessary for my being. This you alone can do; and I demand it of you as a right which you must not refuse to concede.” (Frankenstein)
Suspenseful

Tone Word: Suspenseful

Definition: A suspenseful tone is evident in a text when the readers find themselves invested in the drama being told and are usually left on cliffhangers wanting to know what occurs next impatiently. A suspenseful tone brings excited expectations and uncertainty, and it is in texts where several times an exciting action/event is followed by another. However, a suspenseful tone can also be present in a story where the action and tension take a hiatus but are aroused again by a major turning point. This tone is mostly seen in thrillers and similar movies, such as *"Paranormal"* and *"Annabelle"*.

Literary Example: "*The Thing"* from Scary Stories to Tell by Alvin Schwartz Excerpt

The next thing they knew, the thing was gone. The boys craned their necks and scanned the field with their eyes. Out of the blackness, came the thing. It slowly walked over to the edge of the field before disappearing again.

Trevor and Will looked at each other, puzzled.

"What was that?" asked Will.

"I have no idea," replied Trevor.

No sooner had he said that than Trevor felt a clammy hand on his shoulder. He turned around and found himself staring directly into the hideous face of the thing. He let out a yell of terror and surprise.

The rotting skin on the thing's face was coming off in places, revealing the bone underneath. For a moment, it just stared silently at Trevor with its dark sunken eyes. Then, it suddenly grabbed hold of his arm. Trevor felt his fingernails dig into his flesh as he wriggled out of its grasp.

Visual: Lights Out Trailer
Petty

[1]**Petty**

Definition: Petty means to have little or no importance or consequence. But at times, petty can be making something otherwise insignificant into something bigger to suit one’s own agenda. When people blow silly, insignificant situations out of proportion, they and or the situation is considered petty. Also, it is an attitude marked by narrowness of mind, ideas, or views.

Example: An example of a person who often blows things out of proportion is Taylor Swift, as many of her songs are dramatic attacks to her ex-boyfriends, but one performance in particular that really exemplified being petty was her “We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together” performance where she imitated her ex-boyfriend, Harry Styles, and used a British accent when she recited the lines, “So he calls me up and he’s like “I still love you” and I’m like I’m just sick of this, I mean this is exhausting, we are NEVER getting back together like EVER”.  After that, when she won an award for the song, she quickly turned her acceptance speech into an opportunity to slam her ex by saying,“I also wanna thank the person who inspired the song, who knows exactly who he is, because now I got one of these!”

Visual [2] (stop at 1:30)
The Psychologist's Fallacy

William James named the Psychologist's Fallacy in the 19th century. It is a type of fallacy in which someone who partakes in an event assumes that his/her experience reflects the true nature of an event.

This fallacy may also be about two people - the observer and the observed, rather than an observer and a fact. This interpretation of the fallacy means that an observer assumes that someone else will respond to an event in the same way that he/she would in the same circumstances.

An example of this fallacy in the observer-event interpretation would be,

"I didn't think that roller coaster was very fun. That means that the roller coaster is not a fun ride."

This is an example of the Psychologist's Fallacy because the person who rode the attraction didn't enjoy it and therefore assumed that his/her interpretation that the ride is unenjoyable is the objective truth. That may not be the case, as one's enjoyment of something is subjective. There's a large possibility that someone else could like the ride.

An example of this fallacy in the observer-observed interpretation would be,

"Climbing that mountain was a piece of cake. I'm sure Marjorie would have an easy time doing it as well!"

This is an example of the Psychologist's Fallacy because the mountain climber assumed that just because she had an easy time climbing the mountain, her friend would also have the same experience. Once again, the person thought that his/her own experience was the definitive truth and no other possibilities could exist. It's a possibility that Marjorie could've had a hard time climbing that mountain.

An example of this fallacy in film would be in *Jurassic World (2015).* In one scene, Claire and Masrani are looking at the Indominus Rex's enclosure through a glass window in a control room. Claire ensures Masrani that the enclosure is safe and that the park has the best structural engineers in the world. Masrani replies, "So did Hammond." Hammond was the founder of the first Jurassic Park, where things went awry many years ago. This is an example of the Psychologist's Fallacy because Masrani assumes that the park isn't safe just because Hammond had the same experience many years ago and it wasn't safe then.
False Dichotomy

A false dichotomy uses an either or statement to slyly promote only a single solution. A false dichotomy with state that if you want X, then you must have Y, and if you don’t have Y then you can’t have X (or something else bad will happen.) even if there are actually many alternatives to Y.  A false dichotomy directs a reader to a single solution under the guise of inevitability. An example of this would be George Bush’s statements in the wake of the September 11th terrorist attack. Bush claimed that “Either you are with us, or you are with the terrorists.” This is a false dichotomy that doesn’t allow for nuance by claiming that the only way to oppose terrorism is to support the US; Even if one doesn’t support the United States’ strategy with terrorism, one can still be opposed to it, but being a false dichotomy, this statement tries to persuade people otherwise.
McNamara Fallacy

The McNamara fallacy (also named the quantitative fallacy) originates from Robert McNamara due to his use of it while declaring that the Vietnam War would be won solely due to a lesser amount of casualties. The fallacy is essentially an oversimplification of data, which, in turn, can make the data false or improper. When used a certain metric or measurement is used to measure success or failure. It ignores the complexity of a situation and makes a conclusion based on surface level information.

An example of the fallacy would be measuring a basketball player’s skill based on solely accuracy. When there are a multitude of factors to consider such as: teamwork, passes, rebounds, etc.

An example of the fallacy would be in “Spiderman: Homecoming” in which Vulture is defeated but much of the city is in shambles. This is because the damage caused by Spiderman in his hunt for justice is exponentially more than Vulture was causing.
Symbol

Symbol- Something that represents or stands for something else by relationship, convention, or resemblance. A symbol will typically use a material object to represent something immortal. Symbols represent a visible sign of something invisible.

### Example: (http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-symbolism-in-literature.html)

In William Blake’s “Ah Sunflower”, the sunflower represents people and the sun represents life:

Ah Sunflower, weary of time,

Who countest the steps of the sun;

Seeking after that sweet golden clime
Where the traveler’s journey is done;
Anaphora

**Definition**: An anaphora is a rhetorical device in which the beginning word or phrase of a sentence is repeated throughout a text. It is used deliberately to emphasize certain words or phrases. These words or phrases are repeated at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses or verses in order to provoke a particular emotional effect or literary quality.

**Example Passage**: The following passage is found in Psalm 6: 1-3:

“O LORD, rebuke me not in thine anger, neither chasten me in thy hot displeasure. Have mercy upon me, O LORD; for I am weak: O LORD, heal me; for my bones are vexed. My soul is also sore vexed: but thou, O LORD, how long?”

**Visual Representation**: A clip from Martin Luther King Jr.'s speech, *I Have a Dream*:
Ambiguous

I. Ambiguous

Definition: Ambiguity is when something has several possible meanings or interpretations. When

something is ambiguous it is not concrete or definite, and it is up to interpretation and is often taken out

of context. People use this word when someone explains something that is not clear or decisive. Ambiguity

is a common tactic used in politics, as politicians will say something that sounds very intelligent, but really is

extremely unclear and has different meaning because either they do not want the audience to understand or

they may not know themselves what they plan to do.

Examples: • “The bark was painful.” (Tree bark or dog bark?)

• “We saw her duck.” (Did she duck or is it an actual duck)

Visual:

If it is one way then why is it pointing two different directions? (very uncertain)
Pathetic Fallacy

A pathetic fallacy is a kind of personification that gives human emotions to inanimate object. However, it is different than personification because in a pathetic fallacy, nature conforms to the will or feelings of man, while personification gives inanimate objects human-like characteristics.

Example: There has fallen a splendid tear from the passion-flower at the gate. She is coming, my dove, my dear; she is coming, my life, my fate; the red rose cries, "She is near, she is near;" and the white rose weeps, "She is late;" the larkspur listens, "I hear, I hear;" and the lily whispers, "I wait."

-In this poem, "Maud," the narrator has no one to talk to but the flowers and he imagines them responding to him while he waits for his love to come.
Appeal to the Stone

Appeal to the Stone is a fallacy in which a person simply dismisses a claim as absurd. The person does not provide proof for its absurdity or provide an explanation as to why the claim is inaccurate. The claim is simply considered wrong with no evidence to back the statement up. This fallacy is used all of the time and encountered in daily conversation. For example, in a casual conversation with a friend I might say “No way! I do not believe that” in response to something such as “I met God the other day; she’s a woman.” This statement is absurd based solely on the fact that it would be very difficult for the person to prove that specific claim.

The following example displays the “Appeal to Stone” Fallacy because the response to the given statement is simply not accepting based on no proof or knowledge.

Girl #1: “In 2020 there will be flying cars.”

Girl #2: “That’s crazy.”

Girl #1: “Why is that crazy?”

Girl #2: “It just is crazy.”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1dta\_7NtgFA
Parable

Parable

Definition: Parable is a figure of speech in a story or tale that represents a bigger message. More specifically, it is often a short story that presents some type of moral lesson at the end. Some famous examples are “The Boy Who Cried Wolf” and “All is Vanity”.

Example:

The Good Samaritan from the Bible is an example of a parable. The parable is about the Good Samaritan, which leads to the moral lesson “love thy neighbor as thyself.” This story illustrates a traveller being robbed and beaten, and no one comes to help him. However, eventually, a Samaritan helps him. To summarize, the Good Samaritan’s story represents a bigger moral lesson than what is explicitly told; it teaches one to “love thy neighbor as thyself”.

Visual:

N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.joerobinson.net/examples-of-parables-in-literature.html>.
Epistrophe

Epistrophe

Definition: Epistrophe is the repetition of a word or words at the END of a line, phrase, or clause. It is used to emphasize a certain word (or group of words) in order to persuade the reader. The repetition helps in making the words memorable due to the consistent rhyme scheme.

Literary example: Julius Caesar (Shakespeare)

BRUTUS:

“Who is here so base that would be a bondman? If any, speak; for him have I offended. Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman? If any, speak; for him have I offended. Who is here so vile that will not love his country? If any, speak; for him have I offended….”

Visual Representation:
Oxymoron

**Definition:**

An oxymoron is a statement that is
made up of contradicting elements that ultimately invalidate the statement
altogether. This device can be accidental or intentional and can potentially
open up a paradox as well. Oxymorons can also be present in everyday objects,
such as artificial grass and electric candles.

**Literary Example:**

"And faith unfaithful kept him falsely true." -*Idylls of the King*

**Visual Example:**