Early Modern Quelpartian

**Early Modern Quelpartian** is a stage of the Quelpartian language succeeding Middle Quelpartian and immediately preceding the modern language. It is practically the same as the modern-day language, except unstandardized and lacking very recent sound changes. Quelpart was colonized by the Portuguese from 1550 to 1650, during which Catholic Christianity was introduced to the island and with it many ecclesiastical terms. The Dutch and later the Danish then colonized the island, introducing more words (the most technical of which have since been replaced by native and semi-native coinages by the Academy of the Quelpartian Language), though Portuguese influence remained as it was the lingua franca of trade at the time. A few words from Malay and Tamil were also introduced due to the transport of slaves and workers from southern India and Southeast Asia by the colonial powers.

## Vocabulary

### Loanwords from Portuguese

* Portuguese *aldraba* "doorknocker" → EMQ *al tra ba* → Modern Quelpartian *tra ba*
* Portuguese *atirar* "to shoot" → EMQ *a chi dat* → Modern Quelpartian *chi dat*
* Portuguese *barganha* "bargain" → EMQ *bar ga nha* → Modern Quelpartian *gaⁿ ra*
* Portuguese *Castela* "Castile" → EMQ *Ka tse la* "Spain" → Modern Quelpartian *Ka Tse La*, *Ka Tsa*
* Portuguese *espingarda* "rifle" → EMQ *bing gat da* → Modern Quelpartian *gat da*
* Portuguese *facão* "machete" →> EMQ *ba kaoⁿ* → Modern Quelpartian *ba kaoⁿ*
* Portuguese *hostia* "host" → EMQ *ho tsia* → Modern Quelpartian *fuo tsia*
* Portuguese *igreja* "chuch" → EMQ *yi kre ja* → Modern Quelpartian *kre ja* "Catholic church"
* Portuguese *janela* "window" → EMQ *ja ne la* "glass window" → Modern Quelpartian *janh la*
* Portuguese *quaresma* "Lent" → EMQ *qua de se ma* → Modern Quelpartian *kuat se ma*
	+ Proscribed by the Academy; the native coinage recommended by it is (forgiveness) + (month)
* Portuguese *tributo* "tribute, tax" → EMQ *chi bu tu* "tariff" → Modern Quelpartian *chi buch*
* Portuguese *xadrez* "chess, checkered pattern" → EMQ *sha tre* → *sha treng*

### Loanwords from Dutch

* Dutch *fluyt* "fluyt" → EMQ *prao te* → Modern Quelpartian *prao te*
* Dutch *ranselen* "to beat up, to flog" → EMQ *dan sa lan* → Modern Quelpartian *danh lan*
* Dutch *sjambok* "heavy whip" → EMQ *siam bok* → Modern Quelpartian *siam bok*

### Loanwords from Danish

* Danish *aktie* "share, stock" → EMQ *ach di* → Modern Quelpartian *ach-di*
* Danish *aktieselskab* "corporation" → EMQ *ach di sil kap* → Modern Quelpartian *ach-di-il-kap*
	+ Abbreviated to *ach-sil*.
* Danish *baron* "baron" → EMQ *ba won* → Modern Quelpartian *won*
* Danish *biskop* "bishop" → EMQ *bi geop* (replaced earlier *bi bu* from Portuguese *bispo*) → Modern Quelpartian *bi geop*
* Danish *bukser* "trousers, pants" → EMQ *bukse*, *buxe* → Modern Quelpartian *buch*
* Danish *chokolade* "chocolate" → EMQ *xo go la se* → Modern Quelpartian *shou krat*
* Danish *dam* "checkers, draughts" → EMQ *dam* (replaced earlier *dama* from Portuguese *damas*) → Modern Quelpartian *dam*
* Danish *diakon* "deacon" → EMQ *di ya kon* (replaced earlier *di ya ko nu* from Portuguese *diácono*) → Modern Quelpartian *dia-kon*
* Danish *helgen* "saint" → EMQ *hal yen* (replaced earlier *saⁿ to*, *saⁿ ta* from Portuguese *santo*, *santa*) → Modern Quelpartian *al-yen*
* Danish *jernbane* "railway" → EMQ *yan banh* → Modern Quelpartian *yan banh*
	+ The word for "rail" was innovated from this: *yan banh* + *(track)* = *banh (track)*
	+ Abbreviated to *banh*.
* Danish *kirke* "church" → EMQ *kia ke* → Modern Quelpartian *ki-geo*
* Danish *kompleks* "complex" → EMQ *keom prek se* "complex (buildings)" → Modern Quelpartian *prek-seo*
* Danish *præst* "priest" → EMQ *bai set* (partially replaced earlier *bat di* from Portuguese *padre*) → Modern Quelpartian *bai-set*
* Danish *realisere* "to realize, to make real" → EMQ *e li si yeo* → Modern Quelpartian *li-sieo*
* Danish *storm* "storm" → EMQ *tsoⁿ* "hazardous, especially of a road after it rains" → Modern Quelpartian *tsoⁿ* "hazardous, especially of a road after it rains; to hydroplane"
* Danish *tempel* "temple" → EMQ *tem pal*, *tsam pil* → Modern Quelpartial *il-tsap*
	+ Likely influenced by *kapel* "chapel"
	+ Reversed in 1900s back slang and gained widespread popularity, making it standardized.

### Loanwords from other languages

* Tamil ஆட்டுப்பால் *āṭṭuppāl* "goat's milk" → EMQ *ach trup pal* "ghee" → Modern Quelpartian *ach trup*
* Malay *azimat* "amulet, talisman" → EMQ *si mat* "necklace with a pendant" → Modern Quelpartian *si mat*
* Malay *baju* "shirt" → EMQ *ba ju* "vest" → Modern Quelpartian *ba ju*
* Malay *batik* "batik" → EMQ *ba te* "batik pattern" → Modern Quelpartian *ba te*
* Malay *durian* "durian" → EMQ *du diang* → Modern Quelpartian *diang du*
	+ Reversed in 1900s back slang and gained widespread popularity, making it standardized.
* Tamil கறுவா *kaṟuvā* "cinnamon tree, clove" → EMQ *ka du wa* "cinnamon" → Modern Quelpartian *ka dua*
* Malay *mangga* "mango" → EMQ *mang ga* → Modern Quelpartian *gang ma*
	+ Reversed in 1900s back slang and gained widespread popularity, making it standardized.
* Malay *pisang* "banana" → EMQ *bi sang* → Modern Quelpartian *bi sang*
* Spanish *guayabas* "guavas" → Tagalog *bayabas* "guava" → Koine Orange vayavas → EMQ *wa-ya-wat* → Modern Quelpartian *wai-wat*