Baroque Era

The **Baroque Era** is part of Modern Times in the Historical Era of Earth. It began in 1600, following the Age of Exploration, and lasted until 1700, the start of the Enlightenment.

## Individuals

### America

Henry Hudson   (1570-1611)     Explorer

Captain    John Smith (1580-1631)   Saved by Pocahontas    Fighter        South

Captain    Miles Standish  (1584-1656)  Pilgrim military leader    Fighter         New England    Plymouth

Pocahontas (1595-1617)   Saved John Smith         South

John Alden   (1599-1687)   Love rival of Miles Standish      New England    Plymouth

Priscilla Mullins    (1602-1685) Wooed by Standish, chose Alden      New England    Plymouth

Captain    Henry Morgan   (1635-1688) Pillaged Panama for British    Pirate            Caribbean    Jamaica

Jacques Marquette   (1637-1675) Explored  Mississippi with Joliet    Cleric        Midwest    Sault Ste. Marie

William Penn  (1644-1718)  Quaker, founder of Pennsylvania     Britain

Louis Joliet (1645-1700) Explorer, companion of Marquette

Cotton Mather  (1663-1728)  Puritan theologian    Cleric        New England    Boston

Chief    Powhatan    Pocahontas' father     1618    South

Robinson Crusoe    Shipwrecked      1632     Caribbean    Island of Despair

Friday    Rescued by Crusoe     1639        Caribbean    Island of Despair

Roger Williams    Tolerant founder of Rhode Island 1603    1683    New England    Providence

Samuel de Champlain        Explorer

Squanto    Helped Pilgrims 1622    New England    Plymouth

Tituba    Slave accused of witchcraft     New England    Salem

William Bradford    Leader of Pilgrims 1590    -1657    New England    Plymouth

### Britain

King    Charles I   1600-1649 Beheaded    Ruler

King    Charles II    Restored    Ruler

Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658)

Daniel Defoe    Writer

George Frederic Handel (1685-1759) Musician

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) Philosopher, "nasty, brutish, short"    Expert        Chatsworth

King  James I   (1566-1625) America colonizer, Bible sponsor Aristocrat

King  James II    (1633-1701) Deposed    Aristocrat

John Locke     (1632-1704)   Expert

Queen Mary II   (1662-1694) Replaced James II    Aristocrat

John Milton      (1608-1674)  Writer

Isaac Newton   (1642-1727)     Scientist

Samuel Pepys     (1633-1703)   Writer

Anthony van Dyck (1599-1641) Painter noted for pointy beards Artist     London

King  William of Orange   1650-1702 Ruled jointly with Mary II    Aristocrat

Christopher Wren (1632-1723) Expert               London

### France

Aramis    Musketeer with clerical ambitions    Fighter/Cleric    1602    France    Paris

 Athos    Melancholy musketeer    Fighter        1595    France    Paris

Cyrano de Bergerac    Large nose, sharp sword & wit    Fighter/Bard    1619-1655    France    Paris

D'Artagnan Dashing musketeer recruit    Fighter     1607    France    Paris

René Descartes    Philosopher; thought, therefore was    Expert                 France

Pierre de Fermat        Expert         France

King    Louis XIII    3 Musketeers king    Aristocrat    1601-1643    France    Paris

King    Louis XIV    The Sun King, built Versailles    Aristocrat 1638    1715    France    Versailles

Moliere        Writer     France

Blaise Pascal    Expert    1623-1662 France

Porthos    Large musketeer    Fighter     1603        France    Paris

Jean Racine        Writer    1639-1699    France    Paris

Cardinal    Richelieu        Cleric         1585-1642    France

### Germany

Gerardus Mercator   (1512-1594) Mapmaker Expert

Gottfried Leibniz    (1646-1716) Mathematician, co-invented calculus    Expert

### Italy

Artemisia Gentileschi    1st woman in Florence's Academy Artist 1593-1656    Italy    Rome

Antonio Vivaldi   (1678-1741) Wrote 4 Seasons    Musician     Italy    Venice

### Low Countries

Abel Tasman    1st European to reach Tasmania    Explorer 1603-1659 Australia    Tasmania

 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek  (1632-1723)  Explored microscopic world    Scientist                Delft

 Rembrandt van Rijn        Artist     1606-1669        Amsterdam

 Peter Paul Rubens     (1677-1640)   Artist

 Baruch Spinoza  (1632-1677)  Free-thinking philosopher    Expert            Amsterdam

 Johannes Vermeer   (1632-75)     Artist            Delft

### Scandinavia

Queen    Christina Ruler

King    Gustavus Adolphus        Aristocrat

### Spain

Don Quixote    Delusional knight    Fighter 1547-1614       La Mancha

Sancho Panza    Devoted sidekick to Don Quixote     La Mancha

Dulcinea    Adored by Don Quixote

Diego Velasquez    Artist        Iberia

### Russia

Czar    Peter the Great        Aristocrat     1672-1725

## Timeline

**1600**

Giordano Bruno, friar and occult scholar, burnt at the stake for heresy at Rome.

**1602**

**March 20:** Dutch East India Company founded--Amsterdam

**1603**

**March 24:** Tokugawa Ieyasu is named Shogun of Japan by the Emperor, establishing the Tokugawa Shogunate.

**March 24:** James I (1566-1625) becomes King of England (as well as Scotland) upon the death of Queen Elizabeth.

**1605**

*Narrative of Don Quixote* discovered by Miguel Cervantes.

**November 5:** Guy Fawkes (1570-1606) attempts to blow up Parliament and King James I, but his Gunpowder Plot is foiled.

**1607**

**May 14:** Jamestown founded in Virginia.

**December:** Pocahontas (1595-1617) persuades her father, Chief Powhatan, not to kill Captain John Smith (1580-1631)--Werowocomoco, Virginia

**1609**

Henry Hudson (1570-1611) discovers Mannahatta and his River.

Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) notes that planets have elliptical orbits.

**1610**

Elizabeth Bathory (1560-1610) imprisoned in her castle for bathing in virgins' blood.

John Donne (1572-1631) advises Death not to be proud.

**May 14:** Every King of France between now and 1792 is named Louis.

**1611**

**October 30:** Gustavus Adolphus (1594-1632) becomes King of Sweden.

Henry Hudson cast adrift by his mutinous crew--Hudson Bay

**1618**

The King James Bible is published.

**May 23:** The Thirty Years' War begins with the Defenestration of Prague.

**1620**

**November 21:** The Pilgrims land the *Mayflower* at Plymouth Rock.

**1621**

**April:** William Bradford becomes Governor of Plymouth Plantation.

**October:** The Pilgrims invite Squanto and other Indians to celebrate the first Thanksgiving.

**1623**

Priscilla Mullens (1604-80) passes over Captain Myles Standish (1584-1656) to marry John Alden (1599-1687).

**August 16:** Diego Valasquez (1599-1660) becomes portrait painter to King Philip of Spain.

**1624**

New Amsterdam founded by the Dutch.

Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642) becomes prime minister of France

**1625**

**March 27:** Charles I becomes King of Britain.

**1627**

Extinction of the auroch, the wild ancestor of the cow

**1628**

D'Artagnan (1611-1676) joins up with Athos, Porthos and Aramis--the Three Musketeers--to combat the plots of Cardinal Richelieu.

**1629**

Charles I of England abolishes Parliament.

**1630**

**September 17:** Puritans found Boston as a City on a Hill.

Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) marries his 16-year-old model, who inspires the term "Rubenesque."

**1631**

The Great Mogul begins building the Taj Mahal as a memorial to his late wife.

**1632**

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) ordered to renounce his heretical belief in a Sun-centered Solar System.

**1633**

Japan closes its ports to foreign trade.

**1634**

Rembrandt (1606-69) joins the painters’ guild in Amsterdam.

**1636**

Harvard University founded--Cambridge, Massachusetts

**1637**

The crash of the Tulip Mania in Holland.

Rene Descartes (1596-1650) declares that he thinks, and therefore he is.

Pierre de Fermat (1601-65) scribbles his Last Theorem in the margin of a book, neglecting to write down the proof.

**1639**

Kingsport, Massachusetts, founded.

**1640**

Cyrano de Bergerac (b. 1619-1655) helps his friend woo Roxane, the woman Cyrano loves.

**1641**

Captain Falkenberg of the *Flying Dutchman* vows to round the Cape of Good Hope if it takes until Judgement Day.

**1642**

English Civil War begins.

Rembrandt (1606-69) paints *The Night Watch*.

Blaise Pascal (1623-62) invents a mechanical calculator.

**1643**

Beginning of the reign of Louis XIV (1638-1715), the Sun King of France.

Innsmouth, Massachusetts founded.

**1644**

Manchu Dynasty founded in China--lasts until 1911

Matthew Hopkins becomes Witchfinder General

**November 22:** John Milton (1608-74) attacks censorship in *Aeropagitica*.

**1645**

Samurai Miyamoto Musashi (1584-1645) writes *The Book of Five Rings*--Kumamoto, Japan.

**1647**

Witchfinder General Matthew Hopkins is burned as a witch.

**1648**

**May:** The Treaty of Westphalia ends the 30 Years' War.

**1649**

**January 30:** King Charles executed

**1651**

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) declares that the natural condition of Man is nasty, brutish and short.

**1652**

The Quaker religion revealed in a vision--Pendle Hill, Lancashire

**1653**

Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) becomes Lord Protector

**1656**

**July 27:** Baruch Spinoza (1632-77) is expelled from Amsterdam’s Jewish community for his unorthodox philosophical ideas.

**1657**

Cyrano de Bergerac travels to the Moon.

**1659**

**September 30:** Robinson Crusoe shipwrecked on an island near the mouth of the Orinoco.

**1660**

**January 1:** Samuel Pepys (1633-1703) begins keeping a diary, which he will update until 1669.

Charles II takes the throne in the English Restoration.

**1662**

**August 17:** Blaise Pascal finds out whether or not he won his Wager--Paris

**1664**

The imposter Tartuffe comes to Paris.

**June 20:** Jean Racine (1639-99) begins his career as a playwright.

**1665**

Isaac Newton (1642-1727), hit on the head by an apple, derives the Theory of Gravitation.

**April 12:** Outbreak of the Great Plague of London, which will kill 100,000.

Johannes Vermeer (1632-75) paints the Girl with the Pearl Earring.

**1666**

Great London Fire destroys seven-eighths of the homes of London.

**June 4:** Moliere produces *The Misanthrope*.

**1667**

Milton publishes *Paradise Lost*.

**1669**

**July:** A man is arrested in Dunkirk; he will be imprisoned for the rest of his life as The Man in the Iron Mask.

**July 30:** Christopher Wren (1632-1723) begins the design of London's St. Paul's Cathedral--which will be completed by 1710.

**1670**

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) perfects his microscope.

**1673**

Father Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet explore the Mississippi River.

**1674**

**August 27:** Governor General Peter Stuyvesant forced to step down as New Amsterdam is changed by the English into New York City.

**1675**

**November 11:** Gottfried Leibniz (1646-1716) (re)invents calculus.

Antonio Stradivarius (1644-1737) opens his violin workshop--Cremona, Italy. (The best Strads are made after 1700.)

**1681**

Pennsylvania founded by William Penn as a refuge for Quakers.

Death of the last dodo--Mauritius

**1682**

Louis XIV (1638-1715) moves his court to Versailles.

Peter the Great (1672-1725) becomes Czar of Russia.

Robinson Crusoe rescues a man whom he calls Friday from cannibals.

**1683**

Moll Flanders (born c. 1613) writes her memoirs--Virginia

**1685**

Cotton Mather becomes pastor of Boston's North Church.

**1686**

**December 19:** Robinson Crusoe leaves his island with Friday, his Indian companion.

**1688**

**February:** Edward Lloyd's coffeehouse becomes a place where merchants gather to exchange shipping news and insure each other’s cargoes--London

**1689**

William and Mary become King and Queen of England.

**October 3:** John Locke declares the right to life, liberty and property--London

**1690**

**July 11:** King William defeats King James at the Battle of the Boyne.

Founding of Miskatonic University--Arkham, Massachusetts

**1691**

Captain William Kidd (1654-1701) sets sail as a privateer.

**1692**

February 29: Tituba and others arrested, marking the beginning of the Salem Witch Trials.

Dunwich, Massachusetts1694-1778

Voltaire

**1694**

July 27: Bank of England established.

**1698**

The Man in the Iron Mask imprisoned in the Bastille.

Birth of Carmilla Karnstein, who later becomes a vampire. (She is destroyed before 1862.)

Pirate hunter Captain William Kidd turns pirate--New York City

Founding of Collinsport, Maine.

**1699**

Williamsburg becomes the capital of Virginia.

Lemuel Gulliver (b. 1660) shipwrecked on Lilliput, where he remains until 1701.