recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
S/2011 J 2

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**Jupiter LVI**, provisionally known as **S/2011 J 2**, is an irregular natural satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by Scott Sheppard in 2011.

## Physical Characteristics

### Diameter

1 km

S/2011 J 2 (Jupiter LVI) is a member of the Pasiphae Group of retrograde moons. S/2011 J 2 was considered lost after its discovery in 2011 and was recovered in 2017 and then received its permanent designation.
(614599) 2010 AB₇₈

**2010 AB₇₈** (minor planet designation: **(614599) 2010 AB₇₈**) is a dark near-earth object and part of the Amor group. 2010 AB₇₈ is about 1.7 kilometers in diameter and its albedo is 0.03, which is typical for carbonaceous. It was first observed by WISE on January 12, 2010.

## First *WISE* discovery

2010 AB78 is expected to become the first of the many thousands of discoveries to be accredited to the WISE space telescope. However, the official discoverer will only be defined upon the asteroid's numbering.

The first observation of 2010 AB78 by WISE was on January 12, 2010, being observed again the next day. The Mauna Kea Observatory observed it the days 18 and 19 of January, allowing the Minor Planet Center to publish a circular on January 22 confirming the discovery.
Eggther

**Eggther** (**Saturn LIX**), provisionally known as **S/2004 S 27**, is a natural satellite of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, and Jan Kleyna on October 7, 2019 from observations taken between December 12, 2004 and March 21, 2007. It was given its permanent designation in August 2021. On 24 August 2022, it was officially named after Eggþér, a jötunn from Norse mythology.

Eggther is about 6 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 19.976 Gm in 1054.45 days, at an inclination of 168° to the ecliptic, in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.122.
Phoebe

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## Discovery

### Discovery Date

18 March 1899 (from photos taken 16 August 1898)

## Orbit Data

### Inclination

173.04° (to the ecliptic)151.78° (to Saturn's equator)
Farbauti

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**Farbauti** or **Saturn XL** is a natural satellite of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on May 4, 2005, from observations taken between December 12, 2004, and March 9, 2005.

## Physical Characteristics

### Mean Radius

2.5 km

Farbauti is about ~5 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 20.291 Gm in 1079.099 days, at an inclination of 158° to the ecliptic, in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.209. Farbauti and 98 other moons in the Norse group could have been a fragment of Phoebe that broke off, collided with another object or impacted by an object that strike Phoebe in the past.
Big Ass Photos

**Big Ass Photos** (DWT 009) is a studio album by TCoS

Front cover art for Big Ass PhotosBack cover art for Big Ass PhotosEarly demo cassette tape of Big Ass Photos, illicitly circulated among fans
Following the success of their first two studio albums, the band decided to complete a project they had been working on since before the release of Flail Fists, Prepuce Pathologies Add Itchy, Polyarthritis, a highly conceptual and experimental album called "Big Ass Photos", featuring content inspired by the spambot invasion of DWT towers over the summer of 2019. A demo cassette tape of the album had been made and inadverantly circulated among some very resourceful fans, but an official release had been put on hold by their Wembly/Wembley concert and work on their Flail Fists album. With their audience now sufficiently grown to take a risk on such an avante-garde project, the band finally mastered the album, and it was released on the 10th of August 2019. The Album is notable for featuring guest vocals from Doctor Gamer, who filled in on some tracks for Deborah J, who briefly walked out on the band after Danoftardis set fire to her car. Gamer also filled in for Deborah for a sizeable portion of their subsequent tour - when the lead singer was away fighting dragons and working on a solo project - and would eventually join the band full time as the Drummer, following the departure of Dalekcheese.

## Track Listing

1. Spamming the Boards
2. Ode to DW
3. The Bots are Back in Town
4. Ventral Demi-Face
5. World of Warcraft Free Stripers
6. Шaxpaйки Дивитися Онлaйн
7. Grompel Glulp
8. Barasso
9. Pancreatic Enzymes
10. Tarokflekflock
11. Wedding Insurance
12. Urkrass, Barrack, Tangach and Sivert Peru

 Compilation albums
 Live albums
 EPs
 Singles
Cordelia

**Cordelia** is the innermost known moon of Uranus. It was discovered from the images taken by *Voyager 2* on January 20, 1986, and was given the temporary designation **S/1986 U 7**.

## Cordelia

Image of Cordelia taken in January 21, 1986

## Discovery

### Discovered by

Richard J. Terrile
*Voyager 2*

## Physical Characteristics

### Mean Density

~1.3 g/cm³

Cordelia, together with Ophelia, it is one of the 2 Uranus' major shepherd moons. Both Cordelia and Ophelia shepherds Uranus' ɛ ring (Epslion ring).
Sun

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*This is Solarpedia's first page! Created: 20:41 UTC, 11 June 2023‎*

The Sun is the star at the centre of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect ball of hot plasma, heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions in its core. The Sun radiates this energy mainly as light, ultraviolet, and infrared radiation, but also as heat and solar radiation, and is the most important source of energy for life on Earth.

## Physical Details

### Luminosity

3.828 × 10²⁶ W3.75×10²⁸ lm

1 Solar Luminosity

## Core

The core of the Sun extends from the center to about 20–25% of the solar radius. It has a density of up to **150 g/cm3** *[Identical?]* and a temperature of close to 15.7 million Kelvin (K). By contrast, the Sun's surface (photospheric) temperature is approximately 5800 K. Recent analysis of SOHO*[dubious?]* mission data favors a faster rotation rate in the core than in the radiative zone above.

## Stages of Fusion

Through most of the Sun's life, energy has been produced by nuclear fusion in the core region through the proton–proton chain; this process converts hydrogen into helium. Currently, only 0.8% of the energy generated in the Sun comes from another sequence of fusion reactions called the CNO cycle*[Undefined?]*, though this proportion is expected to increase as the Sun becomes older and more luminous.

## Mantle

The Sun's Mantle has a density of **150 g/cm3** *[Identical?*]at the center, and a temperature of 15 million kelvin (15 million degrees Celsius, 27 million degrees Fahrenheit).

## System Size Comparison

Size Comparison
 Jupiter
 Saturn
 Uranus
 Neptune
 Earth
 Venus
 Mars
 Mercury
Helene

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**Incorrect Infobox Type**.

**Helene** /ˈhɛləniː/ is a moon of Saturn. It was discovered by Pierre Laques and Jean Lecacheux in 1980 from ground-based observations at Pic du Midi Observatory, and was designated **S/1980 S 6**. In 1988 it was officially named after Helen of Troy, who was the granddaughter of Cronus (Saturn) in Greek mythology. Helene is also designated **Saturn XII** (12), which it was given in 1982, and **Dione B**, because it is co-orbital with Dione and located in its leading Lagrangian point (L4). It is one of four known trojan moons

## Helene

High-resolution view of leading hemisphere, showing gullies and apparent dust (regolith) flows (Cassini, June 2011)
3753 Cruithne

**3753 Cruithne** is a Q-type, Aten asteroid in orbit around the Sun in 1:1 orbital resonance with Earth, making it a co-orbital object. It is an asteroid that, relative to Earth, orbits the Sun in a bean-shaped orbit that effectively describes a horseshoe, and that can change into a quasi-satellite orbit. Cruithne does not orbit Earth and at times it is on the other side of the Sun, placing Cruithne well outside of Earth's Hill sphere. Its orbit takes it near the orbit of Mercury and outside the orbit of Mars. Cruithne orbits the Sun in about one Earth year, but it takes 770 years for the series to complete a horseshoe-shaped movement around Earth.

## Designation and Discovery

### Minor Planet Categories

NEOAten horseshoeVenus-crosserMars-crosser

## Orbit Data

### Aphelion

1.5114 AU

The name *Cruithne* is from Irish and refers to the early Picts (Old Irish: *Cruthin*) in the *Annals of Ulster* and their eponymous king ("Cruidne, son of Cinge") in the *Pictish Chronicle*.

## Discovery

Cruithne was discovered on 10 October 1986 by Duncan Waldron on a photographic plate taken with the UK Schmidt Telescope at Siding Spring Observatory, Coonabarabran, Australia. A 1983 precovery (1983 UH) is credited to Giovanni de Sanctis and Richard M. West of the European Southern Observatory in Chile.

It was not until 1997 that its unusual orbit was determined by Paul Wiegert and Kimmo Innanen, working at York University in Toronto, and Seppo Mikkola, working at the University of Turku in Finland.
Ananke

**Ananke** is an irregular moon of Jupiter. It was discovered by Seth Barnes Nicholson at Mount Wilson Observatory in 1951. It was named after the Greek mythological *Anagkē*, the personification of necessity, and the mother of the Moirai (Fates) by Zeus.

Ananke gives its name to the Ananke group, retrograde irregular moons which orbit Jupiter between 19.3 and 22.7 Gm, at inclinations of roughly 150°.

## Ananke

Ananke photographed by the Haute-Provence Observatory in August 1998

## Orbit

The orbital elements are as of January 2000. They are continuously changing due to solar and planetary perturbations. The diagram illustrates Ananke's orbit in relation to other retrograde irregular satellites of Jupiter. The eccentricity of selected orbits is represented by the yellow segments (extending from the pericentre to the apocentre). The outermost regular satellite Callisto is located for reference.

Given these orbital elements and the physical characteristics known so far, Ananke is thought to be the largest remnant of an original break-up, forming the Ananke group.

## Physical Characteristics

In the visible spectrum, Ananke appears neutral to light-red. The infrared spectrum is similar to P-type asteroids and a possible indication of water on it.
Eurydome

**Eurydome**, also known as **Jupiter XXXII**, is a natural satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2001 along with its separate moon member, Hermippe, and given a provisional designation **S/2001 J 4**.

## Eurydome

Image of Eurydome by Canada-France-Hawaii in December 2001

## Discovery

### Discovered by

Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Yanga R. Fernandez

## Physical Characteristics

### Diameter

3km

Eurydome is about ~3 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at a distance of 23.231 Gm (on average) in 722.59 days, at an inclination of 149° to the ecliptic, in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.3770.

Eurydome belongs to the Pasiphae group, irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter in the opposite direction as Jupiter's rotation.
C/1861 J1

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**C/1861 J1** or **1861 II**, is a long-period comet that was visible to the naked eye for approximately 3 months. It was categorized as a great comet—one of the eight greatest comets of the 19th century.

## Comet Data

### Satellites

0

It was discovered by John Tebbutt of Windsor, New South Wales, Australia, on May 13, 1861, with an apparent magnitude of +4, a month before perihelion (June 12). It was not visible in the northern hemisphere until June 29, but it arrived before word of the comet's discovery.

On June 29, 1861, Comet C/1861 J1 passed 11.5 degrees (23 Sun-widths) from the Sun. On the following day, June 30, 1861, the comet made its closest approach to the Earth at a distance of 0.1326 AU (19,840,000 km; 12,330,000 mi). During the Earth close approach, the comet was estimated to be between magnitude 0 and −2 with a tail of over 90 angular degrees. As a result of forward scattering, C/1861 J1 even cast shadows at night (Schmidt 1863; Marcus 1997). During the night of June 30 – July 1, 1861, the famed comet observer J. F. Julius Schmidt watched in awe as the great comet C/1861 J1 cast shadows on the walls of the Athens Observatory. The comet may have interacted with the Earth in an almost unprecedented way. For two days, when the comet was at its closest, the Earth was actually within the comet's tail, and streams of cometary material converging towards the distant nucleus could be seen.

By the middle of August, the comet was no longer visible to the naked eye, but it was visible in telescopes until May 1862. An elliptical orbit with a period of about 400 years was calculated, which would indicate a previous appearance about the middle of the 15th century, and a return in the 23rd century. Ichiro Hasegawa and Shuichi Nakano suggest that this comet is identical with C/1500 H1 that came to perihelion on April 20, 1500 (based on 5 observations).

It was hypothesized that C/1861 G1 (Thatcher) and this comet are related, and that in a previous perihelion (possibly the 1500 one), C/1861 G1 broke off of this comet, as the two comets have many similar orbital characteristics. However, this was disproved in 2015 by Richard L. Branham Jr., who used modern computing technology and statistical analysis to calculate a corrected orbit for C/1861 J1. By 1992, this great comet had traveled more than 100 AU from the Sun, making it even farther away than dwarf planet Eris. It will come to aphelion around 2063.
128 Nemesis

**This page/section has been marked for fixing under Project/Paraphrase**
This page is to be fixed and paraphrased under the project's guidelines. Please do not remove this tag until the project has ended.Nemesis is a large 180 km main-belt asteroid, of carbonaceous composition. It rotates rather slowly, taking about 78 hours to complete one rotation. Nemesis is the largest member of the Nemesian asteroid family bearing its name. This object is orbiting the Sun with a period of 4.56 years and an eccentricity (ovalness) of 0.13. The orbital plane is inclined by 6.2° to the plane of the ecliptic. It is categorized as a C-type asteroid, indicating a primitive carbonaceous composition. Based on IRAS data Nemesis is about 188 km in diameter and is around the 33rd largest main-belt asteroid, while WISE measurements yield a size of ~163 km. The 77.81‑hour rotation period is the second longest for an asteroid more than 150 km in diameter. Between 2005 and 2021, 128 Nemesis has been observed to occult eight stars.
469219 Kamo'oalewa

**This page/section has been marked for fixing under Project/Paraphrase**
This page is to be fixed and paraphrased under the project's guidelines. Please do not remove this tag until the project has ended.**469219 Kamoʻoalewa**, provisionally designated **2016 HO3**, is a very small asteroid, fast rotator and near-Earth object of the Apollo group, approximately 40–100 meters (130–330 feet) in diameter. At present it is a quasi-satellite of Earth, and currently the smallest, closest, and most stable known such quasi-satellite. The asteroid was discovered by Pan-STARRS at Haleakala Observatory on 27 April 2016. It was named Kamoʻoalewa, a Hawaiian word that refers to an oscillating celestial object. The Earth-like orbit and lunar-like silicates may be a result of it being lunar ejecta.

## Designation and Discovery

### Minor Planet Categories

NEO, Apollo, Quasi-Satellite, Fast Rotator
Margaret

**Margaret (Uranus XXIII)** provisionally known as **S/2003 U 3**, is the only known prograde irregular natural satellite of Uranus. It was named after the servant hero in William Shakespeare's play *Much Ado About Nothing*.

## Margaret

Discovery image of Margaret taken by Subaru Telescope in August 2003

## Discovery

### Discovered by

Scott S. Sheppard
David C. Jewitt

## Orbit

The diagram illustrates the orbital parameters of Margaret, unique among the irregular satellites of Uranus, with inclination on the vertical axis and the eccentricity of the orbits represented by the segments extending from the pericentre to the apocentre.

Margaret's inclination of 57° is close to the limit of stability. The intermediate inclinations 60 < i < 140 are devoid of known moons due to the Kozai instability. In this instability region, solar perturbations at apoapse cause the moons in this region to acquire large eccentricities that lead to collisions or ejection over 10 million to a billion years. Margaret's periapsis precession period (Pw) is almost 1.6 million years long. Margaret itself may be ejected from the Uranian system in the far future.

Margaret's orbit is subject to solar and planetary perturbations; thus, its orbital elements are variable over short timescales. Over a timescale of 8,000 years, the average orbital eccentricity of Margaret is 0.68. In 2010, its eccentricity grew to 0.81, temporarily making Margaret with the most eccentric orbit of any moon in the Solar System, though Nereid's average eccentricity of 0.75 is greater.
Cyllene

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**Cyllene**, also known as **Jupiter XLVIII**, is a natural satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2003, receiving the temporary designation **S/2003 J 13**.

Cyllene belongs to the Pasiphae Group of retrograde irregular moons.
243 Ida

**Stub**

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**Ida**, (minor planet designation 243 Ida), is an asteroid in the Koronis family of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 29 September 1884 by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at Vienna Observatory and named after a nymph from Greek mythology.

## Orbit Data

### Aphelion

2.979 AU
99942 Apophis

**This page/section has been marked for fixing under Project/Paraphrase**
This page is to be fixed and paraphrased under the project's guidelines. Please do not remove this tag until the project has ended.**99942 Apophis,** a near-**Earth** asteroid and potentially hazardous asteroid with a diameter of 370 meters that caused a brief period of concern in December 2004 when initial observations indicated a probability up to 2.7% that it would hit Earth on April 13, 2029.

## Designation and Discovery

### Discovered By

Roy A. TuckerDavid J. TholenFabrizio Bernardi

### Minor Planet Categories

Potentially Hazardous, Aten, Near-Earth-Object

## Overview

Observations provided improved predictions that eliminated the possibility of an impact on Earth in 2029. Until 2006, a small probability nevertheless remained that, during its 2029 close encounter with Earth, **Apophis** would pass through a gravitational keyhole of no more than about 800 metres (1⁄2 mi) in diameter, which would have set up a future impact exactly seven years later on April 13, 2036. This possibility kept it at Level 1 on the Torino impact hazard scale until August 2006, when the probability that **Apophis** would pass through the keyhole was determined to be very small and **Apophis**' rating on the Torino scale was lowered to zero. By 2008, the keyhole had been determined to be less than 1 km wide. During the short time when it had been of greatest concern, **Apophis** set the record for highest rating ever on the Torino scale, reaching level 4 on December 27, 2004.
192 Nausikaa

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**Nausikaa** (minor planet designation: **192 Nausikaa**) is a large main-belt S-type asteroid. It was discovered by Johann Palisa on February 17, 1879, at Pula, then in Austria, now in Croatia. The name derives from Nausicaä, a princess in Homer's Odyssey.

This is an S-type asteroid around 86 km with an elliptical ratio of 1.51. The sidereal rotation period is 13.6217 hours.

Based on the lightcurve data obtained from Nausikaa, a possible satellite was reported in 1985. However, this has not been confirmed. A shape model of Nausikaa has been constructed, also based on the lightcurve data. It indicates a roughly cut, but not very elongated body. In 1998 an occultation of a star by the asteroid was observed from the United States.

In 1988 a search for satellites or dust orbiting this asteroid was performed using the UH88 telescope at the Mauna Kea Observatories, but the effort came up empty.

Nausikaa's orbital period is 3.72 years, its distance from the Sun varying between 1.81 and 2.99 AU. The orbital eccentricity is 0.246. Nausikaa brightened to magnitude 8.3 at a quite favorable opposition on 2 September 2011, when it was 1.875 AU from the Sun and 0.866 AU from the Earth.
Atlas

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**Atlas** is an inner shepherd moon of Saturn discovered by Richard Terrile in 1980 from *Voyager*

## Physical Characteristics

### Mean Escape Velocity

0.006 km/s at longest axisto 0.009 km/s at poles

### Axial Tilt

zero

photos and was designated S/1980 S 28. In 1983 it was officially named after Atlas of Greek mythology, because it "holds the rings on its shoulders" like the Titan Atlas held the sky up above the Earth. I

t is also designated **Saturn XV**.

Atlas is the closest satellite to the sharp outer edge of the A ring, and was long thought to be a shepherd satellite for this ring. However, now it is known that the outer edge of the ring is instead maintained by a 7:6 orbital resonance with the larger but more distant moons Janus and Epimetheus. In 2004 a faint, thin ring, temporarily designated R/2004 S 1, was discovered in the Atlantean orbit.

High-resolution images taken in June 2005 by *Cassini* revealed Atlas to have a roughly spherical centre surrounded by a large, smooth equatorial ridge similar to Pan or Daphnis. The most likely explanation for this unusual and prominent structure is that ring material swept up by the moon accumulates on the moon, with a strong preference for the equator due to the ring's thinness. In fact, the size of the equatorial ridge is comparable with the expected Roche lobe of the moon. This would mean that for any additional particles impacting the equator, the centrifugal force will nearly overcome Atlas's tiny gravity, and they will probably be lost.

## Gallery

Pan with the A and F RingsAtlas from its south pole.
2021 PH₂₇

**2021 PH27** is a near-Earth asteroid of the Atira group. It was discovered by Scott Sheppard using the Dark Energy Survey's DECam imager at NOIRLab's Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory on 13 August 2021. 2021 PH27 has the smallest semi-major axis and shortest orbital period among all known asteroids as of 2021, with a velocity at perihelion of 106 km/s (240,000 mph). It also has the largest value of the relativistic perihelion shift, 1.6 times that of Mercury. With an absolute magnitude of 17.7, the asteroid is estimated to be larger than 1 kilometer (0.6 miles) in diameter.
(Time) Crash

**(Time) Crash** (DWT 025) is a single released by TCoS, from their studio album Stormcage, Here We Come

The song, released in October 2020, is in an 80s inspired indie power-pop style, with a laid back vocal style from Deborah J contrasting against an energised instrumental backing. The track was the second single from the Stormcage album to be released, and the first to come out after the release of the album itself. Three days after the release of the song, there was a crash on the Clom stock exchange after someone shorted the thyme market, artificially inflating its value. The newspapers that ran on the incident largely went with (Thyme) Crash as their headline, which made for good tie-in publicity but certainly fed into the rumour of the "TCoS Curse". Despite heavy speculation, Deborah J insisted, in interview with Daleks Jones on Clom FM, that the band had nothing to do with the herbal market fluctuations, and that the excessive seasoning in her recent cooking was entirely incidental.

## Artwork

The art and title of this release were based on The Primitives' 1988 hit single 'Crash'. This release saw Danoftardis experiment with a new digital art shading style which has since become known as 'Sparrow-style' (due to being used only on The Sparrow part of the art) and was used again for the rear cover of You Belong to Uzz and the single Last T-MAT to Clarksville. Danoftardis has gone on record to say that the Sparrow part of this cover is one of his favourite artworks he has made for TCoS. This release is odd among TCoS arts in that only two members of the band are present on the artwork, namely Deborah J and The Sparrow.

 Compilation albums
 Live albums
 EPs
 Singles
S/2004 S 34

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**Saturn LXIV**, provisionally known as **S/2004 S 34**, is a natural satellite of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, and Jan Kleyna on October 8, 2019, from observations taken between December 12, 2004, and March 21, 2007.

## Designations

### Alternative Names

Saturn LXIV
S5613a2

## Physical Characteristics

### Diameter

3 km

It was given its permanent designation in August 2021. As of 2023, it has not been given its official name.

Saturn LXIV is about ~3 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 24.299 Gm in 1,414.59 days, at an inclination of 166° to the ecliptic, in a retrograde direction, and with an eccentricity of 0.235.
3 Juno

***3 Juno*** is a large asteroid in the asteroid belt. Juno was the third asteroid discovered, in 1804, by German astronomer Karl Harding. It is one of the twenty largest asteroids and one of the two largest stony asteroids, along with 15 Eunomia. It is estimated to contain 1% of the total mass of the asteroid belt

## Orbit Data

### Aphelion

3.35293 AU
Laomedeia

**Laomedeia**, also known as **Neptune XII**, is a prograde irregular satellite of Neptune. It was discovered by Matthew J. Holman, et al. on August 13, 2002.

## Laomedeia

Images of Laomedeia taken by Very Large Telescope's FORS1 imager in September 2002

## Physical Characteristics

### Diameter

42 km

Before it was given its official name, it was provisionally known as **S/2002 N 3**.

It orbits Neptune at a distance of about 23,571,000 km and is about ~42 kilometers in diameter.

Laomedeia is also the outermost prograde irregular moon of Neptune.
Amalthea (moon)

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*Not what you're looking for? See: **113 Amalthea, an asteroid in the asteroid belt.***

**Amalthea** is a moon of **Jupiter**. It has the third closest orbit around Jupiter among known moons and was the fifth moon of Jupiter to be discovered, so it is also known as **Jupiter V**. It is also the fifth largest moon of Jupiter, after the four Galilean Moons. Edward Emerson Barnard discovered the moon on 9 September 1892 and named it after Amalthea of Greek mythology. It was the last natural satellite to be discovered by direct visual observation; all later moons were discovered by photographic or digital imaging.

## Orbit Data

### Orbital Period

0.49817943±0.00000007 d (11 h, 57 min, 23 s)

## Physical Characteristics

### Axial Tilt

zero

Amalthea is in a close orbit around Jupiter and is within the outer edge of the Amalthea Gossamer Ring which is formed from dust ejected from its surface. Jupiter would appear 46.5 degrees in diameter from its surface. Amalthea is the largest of the inner satellites of Jupiter and is irregularly shaped and reddish in color. It is thought to consist of porous water ice with unknown amounts of other materials. Its surface features include large craters and ridges.

Close range images of Amalthea were taken in 1979 by the *Voyager 1* and *2* spacecraft, and in more detail by the *Galileo* orbiter in the 1990s.
Aegaeon

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**Aegaeon**, or **Saturn LIII** (provisional designation **S/2008 S 1**), is a natural satellite of Saturn. It has an extremely elongated shape whose surface is thought to be similarly smooth as Methone. It orbits between Janus and Mimas within the G ring.

## Aegaeon

Aegaeon's elongated shape imaged by the Cassini spacecraft
Cressida

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**Cressida** is an inner satellite of Uranus. It was discovered from the images taken by Voyager 2 on 9 January 1986, and was given the temporary designation **S/1986 U 3**.

## Discovery

### Discovered by

Stephen P. Synnott
*Voyager 2*

## Physical Characteristics

### Mean Density

0.86 ± 0.16 g/cm³

Cressida belongs to the Portia group including Bianca, Desdemona, Juliet, Portia, Rosalind, Cupid, Belinda and Perdita.
Juliet

**This page/section has been marked for fixing under Project/Paraphrase**
This page is to be fixed and paraphrased under the project's guidelines. Please do not remove this tag until the project has ended.**Juliet** is an inner satellite of Uranus. It was discovered from the images taken by *Voyager 2* on 3 January 1986, and was given the temporary

## Physical Characteristics

### Albedo (Geometric)

0.08 ± 0.01

designation **S/1986 U 2**. It is named after the heroine of William Shakespeare's play *Romeo and Juliet*. It is also designated **Uranus XI**.

Juliet belongs to Portia Group of satellites, which also includes Bianca, Cressida, Desdemona, Portia, Rosalind, Cupid, Belinda and Perdita. These satellites have similar orbits and photometric properties. Other than its orbit radius of 53 km and geometric albedo of 0.08, virtually nothing is known about Juliet.

In the Voyager 2 images Juliet appears as an elongated object, the major axis pointing towards Uranus. The ratio of axes of Juliet's prolate spheroid is 0.5 ± 0.3, which is rather an extreme value. Its surface is grey in color.

Juliet may collide with Desdemona within the next 100 million years.
Stephano

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**Stephano** is a retrograde irregular satellite of Uranus. It was discovered by Brett J. Gladman, et al. in 1999, and given the provisional designation **S/1999 U 2**.

## Stephano

Image of Stephano taken by Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope in July 1999

## Physical Characteristics

### Mean Density

~1.3 g/cm³

Permanently designated as **Uranus XX**.
Naiad

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**Naiad**, also known as **Neptune III** and provisionally designated as **S/1989 N 6**, is the innermost satellite of Neptune and the nearest to the center of any gas giant with moons with a distance of 48,224 km from the planet's center.

## Physical Characteristics

### Mean Density

0.8 ± 0.48 g/cm³

Naiad is the third moon of Neptune to receive its permanent designation.
Kale

**This page/section has been marked for fixing under Project/Paraphrase**
This page is to be fixed and paraphrased under the project's guidelines. Please do not remove this tag until the project has ended.*Not what you're looking for? See: **Kale (vegetable)***

**Kale**, also known as **Jupiter XXXVII**, is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered in 2001 by astronomers Scott S. Sheppard, D.

## Discovery

### Discovered by

Scott S. Sheppard
David C. Jewitt
Jan T. Kleyna

## Orbit Data

### Semi-major Axis

0.1571703 AU
(23,512,340 km)

## Physical Characteristics

### Absolute Magnitude (H)

16.3

Jewitt, and J. Kleyna, and was originally designated as **S/2001 J 8**.

Kale is about 2 kilometres (1.2 miles) in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 22,409 Mm (13,924,000 mi) in 736.55 days, at an inclination of 165° to the ecliptic (166° to Jupiter's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an orbital eccentricity of 0.2011.

It was named in August 2003 after Kale, one of the Charites (Greek: Χάριτες, Latin: *Gratiae*, 'Graces'), daughters of Zeus (Jupiter). Kale is the spouse of Hephaestus according to some authors (although most have Aphrodite play that role).

It belongs to the Carme group, made up of irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23 and 24 Gm (14,000,000–15,000,000 mi) and at an inclination of about 165°.
101955 Bennu

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**101955 Bennu** (provisional designation 1999 RQ36) is a carbonaceous asteroid in the Apollo group discovered by the LINEAR Project on 11 September 1999. It is a potentially hazardous object that is listed on the Sentry Risk Table and has the highest cumulative rating on the Palermo Technical Impact Hazard Scale.

## Designation and Discovery

### Minor Planet Categories

Apollo, Near-Earth-Object, Potentially Hazardous, Risk Listed

## OSIRIS-REx

In October 2020, OSIRIS-REx successfully touched down on the surface of Bennu, collected a sample using an extendable arm, secured the sample and prepared for a return trip to Earth. On 10 May 2021, OSIRIS-REx successfully completed its departure from the Bennu asteroid while still carrying the sample of the asteroid rubble. Bennu was the target of the OSIRIS-REx mission which is intended to return its samples to Earth in 2023 for further study. On 3 December 2018, the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft arrived at Bennu after a two-year journey. It orbited the asteroid and mapped out Bennu's surface in detail, seeking potential sample collection sites. Analysis of the orbits allowed calculation of Bennu's mass and its distribution.
Fornjot

**Fornjot** or **Saturn XLII** is an irregular moon of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on 4 May 2005 from observations taken between 12 December 2004, and 11 March 2005.

## Fornjot

Image of Fornjot taken by Cassini in March 2014

## Physical Characteristics

### Synodic Rotation Period

6.9 or 9.5 ± 0.4 h?

Fornjot is about ~6 kilometres in diameter, and it orbits Saturn at an average distance of 23,609 Mm in 1,491 d at an inclination of 168° to the ecliptic in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.186. As of 2023, Fornjot is the furthest natural satellite of Saturn that has given its official name.
Bergelmir

**Bergelmir** or **Saturn XXXVIII** (provisional designation **S/2004 S 15**) is a natural satellite of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on May 4, 2005, from observations taken between December 12, 2004, and March 9, 2005.

## Bergelmir

Image of Bergelmir taken by Cassini in September 2014

## Discovery

### Discovered by

Scott S. Sheppard
David C. Jewitt
Jan T. Kleyna
Brian G. Marsden

## Physical Characteristics

### Synodic Rotation Period

8.13 h

Bergelmir is about ~6 kilometers in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 19,372 Mm in 1006.659 days, at an inclination of 157° to the ecliptic, in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.152. Bergelmir may be a fragment of Phoebe, as other 98 natural satellites in the Norse group are retrograde in orbit.
Sycorax

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**Sycorax** is the largest irregular satellite of Uranus. Sycorax was discovered on 6 September 1997 by Brett J. Gladman, Philip D. Nicholson, Joseph A. Burns, and John J. Kavelaars using the 200-inch Hale telescope, together with Caliban, and given the temporary designation **S/1997 U 2**.

## Sycorax

Images of Sycorax taken by Hale Telescope in September 1997

## Physical Characteristics

### Mean Density

~1.3 g/cm³

Permanently designated as **Uranus XVII**.
Himalia

Himalia as taken by the New Horizons spacecraft on March 6, 2007 during its flyby of Jupiter.

## Orbit Data

### Satellite of

Jupiter

**Himalia**, also known as **Jupiter VI**, is an irregular outer moon of Jupiter located in the Himalia Group. It is the largest irregular moon of Jupiter, and is the sixth largest overall. It is additionally the largest natural satellite in the Himalia Group, which is named after the moon itself due to its size. The satellite takes approximately 251 days to complete one orbit around Jupiter.

## Discovery

Himalia was first discovered by Charles D. Perrine using the Crossley Telescope within the Lick Observatory on December 3, 1904. Himalia is Jupiter’s most visible small moon, as it’s located at a relatively distant area from Jupiter and is the sixth largest over all.

## Appearance & Size

Himalia appears to be an irregular satellite with a large crater on it. It is also likely that colors across Himalia are relatively uniform, seeming to be a light gray color. The highest quality of the satellite is grayscale and pixelated, meaning it’s extremely difficult to determine what it exactly looks like.

Himalia has a diameter of 105.64 miles, which makes it the over all sixth largest moon of Jupiter, behind the Galilean Four and Amalthea.

## Exploration

Little exploration or interaction with Himalia has been attempted due to the fact that it’s not the center of interest when it comes to Jupiter’s moons. When the Cassini-Huygens and New Horizons spacecrafts passed by Jupiter in 2000 and 2007 respectively, they both took various images of Himalia.

## Orbit

Himalia’s orbital path is partially inclined and eccentric due to it likely being the result of a collision or capture due to gravity. It takes Himalia roughly 251 days to complete an orbit around Jupiter at a distance of 7.1 million miles, making it the 13th closest planet to Jupiter.
Pallene

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**Pallene** is a very small natural satellite of Saturn. It is one of three small moons known as the Alkyonides that lie between the orbits of the larger Mimas and Enceladus, along with Methone and Anthe. It is also designated **Saturn XXXIII**.

## Discovery

### Discovered by

*Voayger 2*
Cassini Imaging Team

## Designations

### Alternative Names

S/1981 S 14
S/2004 S 2

## Physical Characteristics

### Axial Tilt

0

Pallene was first discovered in 1981 and was given the provisional designation **S/1981 S 14** and was rediscovered by *Cassini-Huygens* in 2004 and was given the provisional designation **S/2004 S 2**.
38628 Huya

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**38628 Huya** (provisional designation: 200 EB₁₇₃) is a binary trans-Neptunian object located in the Kuiper Belt. Huya is classified as a plutino, a dynamical class of trans-Neptunian objects with orbits in a 3:2 orbital resonance with Neptune.

Huya's surface is moderately red due to the presence of tholins on the surface. Volatiles and water ice have also been speculated to exist on its surface. Huya is considered as a mid-sized trans-Neptunian object, with an estimated diameter of about 400 km (250 mi). Huya is considered to be a possible dwarf planet, though its relatively small size and dark surface may imply that it never collapsed into a solid body and was thus never in hydrostatic equilibrium.
193 Ambrosia

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**Ambrosia** (minor planet designation: **193 Ambrosia**) is a main belt asteroid that was discovered by the Corsican-born French astronomer J. Coggia on February 28, 1879, and named after Ambrosia, the food of the gods in Greek mythology.

In 2009, photometric observations of this asteroid were made at the Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The resulting light curve shows a synodic rotation period of 6.580 ± 0.001 hours with a brightness variation of 0.11 ± 0.02 in magnitude. This result is consistent with an independent study performed in 1996.
List of Minor Planets

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The following is a list of numbered minor planets in ascending numerical order. With the exception of comets, minor planets are all small bodies in the Solar System, including asteroids, distant objects and dwarf planets. The catalog consists of hundreds of pages, each containing 1,000 minor planets. Every year, the Minor Planet Center, which operates on behalf of the International Astronomical Union, publishes thousands of newly numbered minor planets in its *Minor Planet Circulars* *(see index)*. As of September 2022, there are 619,150 numbered minor planets (secured discoveries) out of a total of 1,233,701 observed small Solar System bodies, with the remainder being unnumbered minor planets and comets.

The catalog's first object is 1 Ceres, discovered by Giuseppe Piazzi in 1801, while its best-known entry is Pluto, listed as 134340 Pluto. The vast majority (97.3%) of minor planets are asteroids from the asteroid belt (the catalog uses a color code to indicate a body's dynamical classification). There are more than a thousand different minor-planet discoverers observing from a growing list of registered observatories. In terms of numbers, the most prolific discoverers are Spacewatch, LINEAR, MLS, NEAT and CSS. There are also 23,542 named minor planets mostly after people, places and figures from mythology and fiction, which account for only 3.8% of all numbered catalog entries. (4596) 1981 QB and 616689 Yihangyiyang are currently the lowest-numbered unnamed and highest-numbered named minor planets, respectively.

It is expected that the upcoming survey by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory will discover another 5 million minor planets during the next ten years—almost a tenfold increase from current numbers. While all main-belt asteroids with a diameter above 10 km (6.2 mi) have already been discovered, there might be as many as 10 trillion 1 m (3.3 ft)-sized asteroids or larger out to the orbit of Jupiter; and more than a trillion minor planets in the Kuiper belt.
Albiorix

**Albiorix** is a prograde irregular satellite of Saturn. It was discovered by Holman and colleagues in 2000, and given its provisional designation **S/2000 S 11**.

## Physical Characteristics

### Synodic Rotation Period

13.33 h

Albiorix is the largest member of the Gallic group, a small collection of prograde irregular satellites that orbits the same direction as Saturn's rotation.
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