Darren Aronofsky

American filmmakerTemplate:SHORTDESC:American filmmaker

* Harvard University
* AFI Conservatory
* drama
* horror
* Rachel Weisz  (2001–2010)

**Darren Aronofsky** (born February 12, 1969) is an American film director, producer, and screenwriter. His films are noted for their surrealistic, melodramatic, and sometimes disturbing elements, often in the form of psychological fiction.

Aronofsky attended Harvard University, where he studied film and social anthropology, and then the American Film Institute where he studied directing. He won several film awards after completing his senior thesis film, *Supermarket Sweep*, which became a National Student Academy Award finalist. In 1997, he founded the film and TV production company Protozoa Pictures. His feature debut, the surrealist psychological thriller *Pi* (1998), was produced for $60,000 and grossed over $3 million; It won Aronofsky the Directing Award at the Sundance Film Festival and an Independent Spirit Award for Best First Screenplay.

Aronofsky's follow-up, the psychological drama *Requiem for a Dream* (2000), was based on the novel of the same name by Hubert Selby Jr. The film garnered strong reviews and received an Academy Award nomination for Ellen Burstyn's performance. After writing the World War II horror film *Below* (2002), Aronofsky began production on his third film, the romantic fantasy sci-fi drama *The Fountain* (2006). The film received mixed reviews and performed poorly at the box-office, but has since garnered a cult following.

His fourth film, the sports drama *The Wrestler* (2008), was released to critical acclaim and both of the film's stars, Mickey Rourke and Marisa Tomei, received Academy Award nominations. His next film, the psychological horror film *Black Swan* (2010), received further critical acclaim and many accolades, with five Academy Awards nominations, including Best Picture and Best Director, and a Best Actress win for Natalie Portman. Aronofsky's sixth feature film, the biblically–inspired epic *Noah* (2014), became his first film to open at No.1 at the box office despite its mixed reception from critics and audiences. His seventh film, the psychological horror *mother!* (2017), sparked controversy upon release due to its graphic and disturbing content, polarizing both critics and audiences.

## Early life and education

Aronofsky was born in the Brooklyn borough of New York City, the son of teachers Charlotte and Abraham Aronofsky, and grew up in the borough's Manhattan Beach neighborhood. He said he was "raised culturally Jewish, but there was very little spiritual attendance in temple. It was a cultural thing—celebrating the holidays, knowing where you came from, knowing your history, having respect for what your people have been through." He graduated from Edward R. Murrow High School. He has one sister, Patti, who attended a professional ballet school through high school. His parents would often take him to Broadway theatre performances, which sparked his keen interest in show business.

During his youth, he trained as a field biologist with The School for Field Studies in Kenya in 1985 and Alaska in 1986. He attended school in Kenya to pursue an interest in learning about ungulates. He later said, "[T]he School for Field Studies changed the way I perceived the world". Aronofsky's interest in the outdoors led him to backpack his way through Europe and the Middle East. At the age of 18, he entered Harvard University, where he majored in social anthropology and studied filmmaking; he graduated in 1991.

He became seriously interested in film while attending Harvard after befriending Dan Schrecker, an aspiring animator, and Sean Gullette, who would go on to star in Aronofsky's first film, *Pi*. His cinematic influences included Akira Kurosawa, Roman Polanski, Terry Gilliam, Shinya Tsukamoto, Hubert Selby Jr. Spike Lee, Satoshi Kon, and Jim Jarmusch.

Aronofsky's senior thesis film, *Supermarket Sweep*, was a finalist in the 1991 Student Academy Awards. In 1992, Aronofsky received his MFA degree in directing from the AFI Conservatory, where his classmates included Todd Field, Doug Ellin, Scott Silver and Mark Waters. He won the institute's Franklin J. Schaffner Alumni Medal.

## Career

### Early work

Aronofsky's debut feature, titled *Pi*—sometimes stylized as *π*—was shot in November 1997. The film was financed in part from $100 donations from 600 of his friends and family. In return, he promised to pay each back $150 if the film made money, and they would at least get screen credit if the film lost money. Producing the film with an initial budget of $60,000, Aronofsky premiered *Pi* at the 1998 Sundance Film Festival, where he won the Best Director award. The film itself was nominated for a special Jury Award. Artisan Entertainment bought distribution rights for $1 million. The film was released to the public later that year to critical acclaim and it grossed a total of $3,221,152 at the box-office. *Pi* was the first film to be made available for download on the Internet.

Aronofsky followed his debut with *Requiem for a Dream*, a film based on Hubert Selby Jr.'s novel of the same name. He was paid $50,000, and worked for three years with nearly the same production team as his previous film. Following the financial breakout of *Pi*, he was capable of hiring established actors, including Ellen Burstyn and Jared Leto, and received a budget of $3,500,000 to produce the film. Production of the film occurred over the period of one year, with the film being released in October 2000. The film went on to gross $7,390,108 worldwide. Aronofsky received acclaim for his stylish direction, and was nominated for another Independent Spirit Award, this time for Best Director. The film itself was nominated for five awards in total, winning two, for Best Actress and Cinematography. Clint Mansell's soundtrack for the film was also well-regarded, and since their first collaboration in 1996, Mansell has composed the music to every Aronofsky film, (except for *Mother!*, 2017). Ellen Burstyn was nominated for numerous awards, including for an Academy Award for Best Actress, and won the Independent Spirit Award. Aronofsky was awarded the PRISM Award from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation with the National Institute on Drug Abuse for the film's depiction of drug abuse.

In May 2000, Aronofsky was briefly attached to make an adaptation of David Wiesner's 1999 children's book *Sector 7* for Nickelodeon Movies, the project remains unmade. In mid-2000, Warner Bros. hired Aronofsky to write and direct *Batman: Year One*, which was to be the fifth film in the Batman franchise. Aronofsky, who collaborated with Frank Miller on an unproduced script for *Ronin*, brought Miller to co-write *Year One* with him, intending to reboot the series. "It's *somewhat* based on the comic book", Aronofsky later said. "Toss out everything you can imagine about Batman! Everything! We're starting completely anew", who intended to re-imagine the titular character in a darker, adult-oriented and grounded style, with his adaptation aiming for an R-rating. Regular Aronofsky collaborator Matthew Libatique was set as cinematographer, and Aronofsky had also approached Christian Bale for the role of Batman. Bale was ultimately cast in the role for *Batman Begins*. After that project failed to develop, Aronofsky declined the opportunity to direct a film in the *Batman* franchise. In March 2001, he helped write the screenplay to the horror film *Below*, which he also produced.

In April 2001, Aronofsky entered negotiations with Warner Bros. and Village Roadshow to direct a then-untitled science fiction film, with Brad Pitt in the lead role. In June 2001, actress Cate Blanchett entered talks to join the film, which Aronofsky, wanting the title to remain secret, had given the working title of *The Last Man*. Production was postponed to wait for a pregnant Blanchett to give birth to her child in December 2001. Production was ultimately set for late October 2002 in Queensland and Sydney.

By now officially titled *The Fountain*, the film had a budget of $70 million, co-financed by Warner Bros. and New Regency, which had filled the gap after Village Roadshow withdrew. Pitt left the project seven weeks before the first day of shooting, halting production. In February 2004, Warner Bros. resurrected it on a $35 million budget with Hugh Jackman in the lead role. In August, actress Rachel Weisz filled the vacancy left by Blanchett. *The Fountain* was released on November 22, 2006, a day before the American Thanksgiving holiday; ultimately it grossed $15,978,422 in theaters worldwide. Audiences and critics were divided in their responses to it.

### Breakthrough

In 2007, Aronofsky hired writer Scott Silver to develop *The Fighter* with him. Aronofsky approached Bale to star in the film, but Aronofsky dropped out because of its similarities to *The Wrestler* and to work on MGM's *RoboCop* remake.Template:What In July 2010, Aronofsky had left the project due to uncertainty over the financially distressed studio's future. When asked about the film, he said, "I think I'm still attached. I don't know. I haven't heard from anyone in a while". Later during 2007, Aronofsky said he was planning to film a movie about Noah's Ark.

Aronofsky had the idea for *The Wrestler* for over a decade. He hired Robert Siegel (filmmaker) to turn his idea into a script. The actor Nicolas Cage entered negotiations in October 2007 to star as Randy, the film's protagonist. The following month Cage left the project, and Mickey Rourke replaced him in the lead role. Aronofsky said that Cage pulled out of the movie because Aronofsky wanted Rourke to star; Aronofsky said, stating that Cage was "a complete gentleman, and he understood that my heart was with Mickey and he stepped aside. I have so much respect for Nic Cage as an actor and I think it really could have worked with Nic but, you know, Nic was incredibly supportive of Mickey and he is old friends with Mickey and really wanted to help with this opportunity, so he pulled himself out of the race." Cage responded, "I wasn't quote 'dropped' from the movie. I resigned from the movie because I didn't think I had enough time to achieve the look of the wrestler who was on steroids, which I would never do". The roughly 40-day shoot began in January 2008.

 File:Black Swan press 2010.jpg
*The Wrestler* premiered at the 65th Venice International Film Festival. Initially receiving little attention, the film wound up winning the Golden Lion, the highest award at the world's oldest film festival. *The Wrestler* received critical acclaim, and both Rourke and co-star Marisa Tomei received Academy Award, Golden Globe, SAG, and BAFTA nominations for their performances. Rourke won a Golden Globe, as did Bruce Springsteen for his original song written for the film. *The Wrestler* grossed $44,674,354 worldwide on a budget of $6,000,000 making it Aronofsky's highest-grossing film to that point.

Aronofsky's next film was *Black Swan*, which had been in development since 2001, a psychological thriller horror film about a New York City ballerina. The film starred actress Natalie Portman, whom Aronofsky had known since 2000. She introduced Aronofsky to Mila Kunis, who joined the cast in 2009. *Black Swan* had its world premiere as the opening film at the 67th Venice Film Festival in September 2010. It received a standing ovation whose length *Variety* said made it "one of the strongest Venice openers in recent memory".

*Black Swan* has received high praise from film critics, and received a record 12 Broadcast Film Critics Association nominations, four Independent Spirit Award nominations, four Golden Globe nominations, three SAG nominations, and many more accolades. Aronofsky received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Director. The film broke limited-release box-office records and grossed an unexpectedly high $329,398,046. On January 25, 2011, the film was nominated for a total of five Academy Awards; Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actress, Best Cinematography and Best Film Editing. On February 27, 2011, Portman won for Best Actress. The film was awarded the PRISM Award from the Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration for its depiction of mental health issues. Aronofsky served as an executive producer on *The Fighter*, which was also nominated for Best Picture at the Oscars and won two for Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress for Christian Bale and Melissa Leo.

### Larger-budget productions

Aronofsky was attached to *The Wolverine,* which was scheduled to begin production in March 2011, but he left the project due to scheduling issues. The film was set to be sixth entry of the *X-Men* film series, featuring a story revolving around Wolverine's adventures in Japan. In December 2011, Aronofsky directed the music video for Lou Reed and Metallica's "The View" from their album *Lulu*.

Aronofsky was set to direct an HBO series pilot called *Hobgoblin*. Announced on June 16, 2011, the series would have depicted a group of magicians and con artists who use their powers of deception to defeat Hitler during World War II. He was set to work on the project with Pulitzer Prize winning author Michael Chabon and his wife Ayelet Waldman. In June 2013, it was announced that HBO had dropped the show and Aronofsky had pulled out, as well.

In 2011, Aronofsky tried to launch production on *Noah*, a retelling of the Bible story of Noah's Ark, projected for a $115 million budget. By the following year, the film had secured funding and distribution from New Regency and Paramount Pictures, with Russell Crowe hired for the title role. The film was adapted into a serialized graphic novel written by Aronofsky and Ari Handel, published in French in October 2011 by the Belgian publisher Le Lombard. By July 2012, Aronofsky's crews were building an ark set in Oyster Bay, Long Island, New York. Aronofsky announced the start of filming on *Noah* on Twitter in the same month, tweeting shots of the filming in Iceland. The film featured Emma Watson, Anthony Hopkins, Logan Lerman, and Jennifer Connelly, with the latter having also starred in *Requiem for a Dream*. During its opening weekend, *Noah* held the largest non-sequel opening within Russia and Brazil, and the fourth-largest opening of all time. Aronofsky did not use live animals for the film, saying in a PETA video that "There's really no reason to do it anymore because the technology has arrived". The HSUS gave him their inaugural Humane Filmmaker Award in honor of his use of computer-generated animals.

Aronofsky's next film, *mother!*, was released by Paramount Pictures on September 15, 2017. It stars Jennifer Lawrence, Javier Bardem, Michelle Pfeiffer, Domhnall Gleeson, Ed Harris and Kristen Wiig. The film sparked controversy upon release for its depiction of violence, and, though it received generally positive reviews, it polarized audiences, becoming one of few films to receive a "F" CinemaScore grade. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 69% based on 278 reviews, and an average rating of 6.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "There's no denying that *mother!* is the thought-provoking product of a singularly ambitious artistic vision, though it may be too unwieldy for mainstream tastes."

His next film would be "A courtroom drama of Artificial intelligence", in which he would cooperate again with Paramount Pictures, having doing so in *mother!*. In 2018, he was the co-executive producer of *SPHERES*, a virtual reality journey through the universe, that was acquired in a seven figure deal at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival. In January 2021, his next film was announced to be *The Whale*, a film adaptation of Samuel D. Hunter's play of the same name, starring Brendan Fraser.

### Nonfiction work

In 2018, Aronofsky executive produced One Strange Rock for NatGeo. This 10-part cinematic event series explores the fragility and wonder of planet Earth—one of the most peculiar, unique places in the universe. Host Will Smith guides viewers on an unprecedented exploration, bolstered by an elite group of eight astronauts who provide unique perspectives and relate personal memoirs of the planet seen from a distance. Hourlong episodes delve into monumental events such as genesis, cosmic violence, human intelligence and alien life, oxygen, and survival vs. destruction. The series is now available on Disney Plus. A second season, titled *Welcome to Earth* is currently in production and expected to premiere this year. Aronofsky is also producing Limitless for NatGeo. This upcoming series features Chris Hemsworth as it delves into the science of longevity and how to live better longer.Template:Cn

In 2020, Aronofsky produced director Lance Oppenheim's debut feature documentary, Some Kind of Heaven. Set in The Villages retirement community in Florida, the film follows four residents who struggle to fit into the community's prepackaged paradise. The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival before being released by Magnolia Pictures in 2021. It's now available on Hulu.

## Directing style

 File:Aranofsky, Libatique, Weisblum 2011.jpg
Aronofsky's first two films, *Pi* and *Requiem for a Dream*, were low budget and used montages of extremely short shots, also known as hip hop montages. While an average 100-minute film has 600 to 700 cuts *Requiem for a Dream* features more than 2,000. Split-screen is used extensively, along with extremely tight closeups. Long tracking shots, including those shot with an apparatus strapping a camera to an actor, called the Snorricam, and time-lapse photography are also prominent stylistic devices. Often with his films, Aronofsky alternates between extreme closeups and extreme wide shots to create a sense of isolation.

With *The Fountain*, Aronofsky restricted the use of computer-generated imagery. Henrik Fett, the visual effects supervisor of Look Effects, said, "Darren was quite clear on what he wanted and his intent to greatly minimize the use of computer graphics ... and I think the results are outstanding." He used more subtle directing in *The Wrestler* and *Black Swan,* in which a less-visceral directing style better showcases the acting and narratives. Aronofsky filmed both works with a muted palette and a grainy style. Part of this consistent style involves collaborations with frequent partners cinematographer Matthew Libatique, editor Andrew Weisblum and composer Clint Mansell. Mansell's music is often an important element of the films.

### Themes and influences

*Pi* features several references to mathematics and mathematical theories. In a 1998 interview, Aronofsky acknowledged several influences for *Pi*: "I'm a big fan of Kurosawa and Fellini. In this film in particular I think there's a lot of Roman Polanski influence and Terry Gilliam influence as well as a Japanese director named Shinya Tsukamoto—he directed *The Iron Man, Tetsuo*." The visual style of *Pi* and *Requiem for a Dream* features numerous similarities to *Tetsuo: The Iron Man*.

The majority of reviewers characterized *Requiem for a Dream* in the genre of "drug movies", along with films like *The Basketball Diaries*, *Trainspotting*, *Spun*, and *Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas*. But, Aronofsky placed his movie in a wider context, saying:

Dream logic is another leitmotif.

With his friend Ari Handel, Aronofsky developed the plot for *The Fountain*; the director wrote the screenplay. In 1999, Aronofsky thought that *The Matrix* redefined the science fiction genre in film. He sought to make a science fiction film that explored new territory, as did *The Matrix* and its predecessors *Star Wars* and *2001: A Space Odyssey*. He wanted to go beyond science fiction films with plots driven by technology and science.

In the Toronto International Film Festival interview conducted by James Rocchi, Aronofsky credited the 1957 Charles Mingus song "The Clown" as a major influence on *The Wrestler*. It is an instrumental piece, with a poem read over the music about a clown who accidentally discovers the bloodlust of the crowds and eventually kills himself in performance.

Aronofsky called *Black Swan* a companion piece to *The Wrestler*, recalling one of his early projects about a love affair between a wrestler and a ballerina. He eventually separated the wrestling and the ballet worlds, considering them as "too much for one movie". He compared the two films: "Wrestling some consider the lowest art—if they would even call it art—and ballet some people consider the highest art. But what was amazing to me was how similar the performers in both of these worlds are. They both make incredible use of their bodies to express themselves." About the psychological thriller nature of *Black Swan*, actress Natalie Portman compared the film's tone to Polanski's 1968 film *Rosemary's Baby*, while Aronofsky said Polanski's *Repulsion* (1965) and *The Tenant* (1976) were "big influences" on the final film. Actor Vincent Cassel also compared *Black Swan* to Polanski's early films, commenting that it was also influenced by Alejandro Jodorowsky's movies and David Cronenberg's early work.

## Controversy

Several aspects of Aronofsky's films have been controversial.

*Requiem for a Dream* was originally set for release in 2000, but it met with controversy in the United States, being rated NC-17 by the MPAA due to a graphic sex scene. Aronofsky appealed the rating, claiming that cutting any portion of the film would dilute its message. The appeal was denied and the film's distributor Artisan Entertainment decided to release the film unrated.

The question of who had designed 40 ballet costumes for Portman and the dancers in *Black Swan* was one publicized controversy related to the film. The media gave substantial coverage to the dance double controversy: how much credit for the dancing in the film was being given to Portman and how much to her "dance double", Sarah Lane, an American Ballet Theatre soloist. Lane claimed to have danced more than she was credited. The director and Fox Searchlight disputed Lane's claim. Their released statements said, "We were fortunate to have Sarah there to cover the more complicated dance sequences and we have nothing but praise for the hard work she did. However, Natalie herself did most of the dancing featured in the final film."

Aronofsky said in an interview with *Entertainment Weekly*:

> I had my editor count shots. There are 140 dance shots in the film. 111 are Natalie Portman untouched. 28 are her dance double Sarah Lane. If you do the math, that's 80% Natalie Portman. What about duration? The shots that feature the double are wide shots and rarely play for longer than one second. There are two complicated longer dance sequences that we used face replacement. Even so, if we were judging by time, over 90% would be Natalie Portman. And to be clear, Natalie did dance en pointe in pointe shoes. If you look at the final shot of the opening prologue, which lasts 85 seconds, and was danced completely by Natalie, she exits the scene on pointe. That is completely her without any digital magic.
>
>

While Aronofsky's other movies have evoked significant emotional response, they were still far from the turmoil aroused by *Noah*. It was screened for the first time on March 28, 2014, and despite its PG-13 rating, it has quickly been recognized by Box Office Mojo as one of the most controversial movies of the last 35 years along with such titles as *The Passion of the Christ* or *The Da Vinci Code*. *Noah* has been banned in United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Indonesia on religious grounds with other countries following suit.

His seventh film, the psychological horror *mother!* (2017), sparked controversy upon release due to its graphic and disturbing content, polarizing both critics and audiences.

## Personal life

Aronofsky began dating English actress Rachel Weisz in the summer of 2001, and in 2005 they were engaged. Their son was born on May 31, 2006, in New York City. The couple resided in the East Village in Manhattan. In November 2010, Weisz and Aronofsky announced that they had been apart for months, but were continuing to raise their son together in New York. In September 2016, he began dating actress Jennifer Lawrence, whom he met during the filming of *mother!*. The relationship ended in November 2017.

In April 2011, Aronofsky was announced as the President of the Jury for the 68th Venice International Film Festival.

He said of his spiritual beliefs in 2014, "I think I definitely believe. My biggest expression of what I believe is in *The Fountain*."

In November 2014, Aronofsky was announced as the President of the Jury for the 65th Berlin International Film Festival, for February 2015.

### Environmental activism

Aronofsky is known for his environmental activism. A number of his films, notably *Noah* and *mother!*, can be read as environmental parables. In 2014, he traveled to the Alberta Tar Sands with the Sierra Club's Michael Brune and Leonardo DiCaprio. In 2015, he traveled to Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge with Brune, Keri Russell, and the leaders of several veterans groups.

In 2014, he received the Humane Filmmaker Award from the Humane Society of the United States.

In 2015, he collaborated with the artist JR on *The Standing March*, a public art installation in Paris encouraging diplomats at COP21 to take action against climate change.

He is a board member of the Sierra Club Foundation and The School for Field Studies.

## Filmography

### Feature films

**Executive producer**

* *The Fighter* (2010)
* *Zipper* (2015)
* *Serendipity* (2020)

**Other credits**

### Other productions

 *Spheres: Songs of Spacetime* | Virtual reality

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Darren Aronofsky Biography (1969-). FilmReference.com.
2. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Darren Aronofsky: Hollywood's most ambitious director". *The Independent*. January 15, 2011. Archived from the original on May 18, 2013. Retrieved August 15, 2017.
3. ↑ The Darren Aronofsky Retrospective: 'The Fountain' | Movie Mezzanine (January 27, 2013).
4. ↑ Noah (2014) – Box Office Mojo.
5. ↑ Pfefferman, Naomi (July 23, 1998). The Arts. *The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles*.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Romney, Jonathon (August 12, 2011). "Blood, sweat and murder at the ballet: The endless torture of Darren Aronofsky". *The Independent*. UK. Archived from the original on August 14, 2012. Retrieved August 12, 2011.
7. ↑ Walker, Tim (January 15, 2011). Darren Aronofsky: Hollywood's most ambitious director. *The Independent*.
8. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Collin, Robbie (April 7, 2014). "Darren Aronofsky interview: 'The Noah story is scary'". *The Telegraph*. Archived from the original on May 27, 2018. Retrieved May 27, 2018. He describes his family background as "culturally Jewish".
9. ↑ Hogg, Trevor (December 22, 2010). Visual Linguist: A Darren Aronofsky Profile. Flickeringmyth.com.
10. ↑ In-Depth Interview With Darren Aronofsky for *Black Swan* – Starring Natalie Portman. FlicksAndBits.com (January 17, 2011).
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Vittorio, Carli. Darren Aronofsky Interview/Story. Artininterviews. Undated; updated version of story from *The Star*, 1998, n.d.
12. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Stein, Ruthe (July 19, 1998). "Filmmaker's Success as Easy as 'Pi' / Darren Aronofsky went from Sundance to studio contract with his thriller about math". *SFGate*. Archived from the original on May 28, 2018. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 "Alumni: Darren Aronofsky" Template:Webarchive, The School for Field Studies (official site), December 22, 2009
14. ↑ Cantagallo, Dan (October 27, 2000). Dreamlover: An Interview with Darren Aronofsky. *The Harvard Crimson*.
15. ↑ Karlin, Susan (December 16, 2010). Meet the Man Who Gave 'Black Swan' Wings. *Fast Company*.
16. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Walker, Tim (January 15, 2011). "Darren Aronofsky: Hollywood's most ambitious director". *The Independent*. London. Archived from the original on May 18, 2013. Retrieved April 25, 2014.
17. ↑ Sword of Doom. Directors Guild of America.
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 Darren Aronofsky: The Ask Hollywood Interview Part 1. MyVideoStore.com (n.d.). "In this film [*Pi*] in particular I think there's a lot of [Roman] Polanski influence and Terry Gilliam influence as well as a Japanese director named [Shinya] Tsukamoto ... As far as being a storyteller I think my biggest influence was Bill Cosby and his comedy. And also as far as writing would probably be Hubert Selby, Jr."
19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Template:Cite magazine
20. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Dazed (August 27, 2015). "The cult Japanese filmmaker that inspired Darren Aronofsky". *Dazed*. Archived from the original on November 29, 2018. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
21. ↑ Darren Aronofsky. Film.com.
22. ↑ "Darren Aronofsky: 10 things you need to know about the Oscar-nominated director", Mirror.co.uk, February 25, 2011
23. ↑ Kay, Jeremy. "Mark Waters to receive AFI's Franklin J Schaffner Alumni Medal" Template:Webarchive, ScreenDaily.com, June 9, 2008
24. ↑ Franklin J. Schaffner Award. AFI.com.
25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Idov, Michael (November 19, 2006). Pi in the Sky. *New York*.
26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 The Ask Hollywood Interview: Part 1. Videoplace.
27. ↑ Pi. *Box Office Mojo*.
28. ↑ Pi.
29. ↑ SightSound to Netcast Franchise Pix.
30. ↑ Kaufman, Anthony (December 1, 2009). Decade: Darren Aronofsky on 'Requiem For a Dream'. indieWIRE.
31. ↑ Requiem for a Dream. Drunkenfist.
32. ↑ Requiem for a Dream. *Box Office Mojo*.
33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 Stevens, Jim (April 20, 2001). Articles: Independent Spirit Awards. Blackflix.com.
34. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Bray, Elisa (January 28, 2011). "Duo Darren Aronofsky and Clint Mansell score on pointes". *The Independent*. Archived from the original on November 10, 2012. Retrieved January 31, 2011.
35. ↑ Phares, Heather. Requiem for a Dream Clint Mansell. Allmusicguide.com.
36. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"2000 Academy Awards Winners and History". *Filomsite.org*. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
37. ↑ Ellen Burstyn – Awards.
38. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"2000 Nominations and Winners". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
39. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Corona.bc.ca (May 24, 2000). "Coming Attractions – Sector 7". Archived from the original on April 10, 2001. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
40. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Harris, Dana (September 21, 2000). "WB sends *Pi* guy into the Bat Cave". *Variety*. Archived from the original on December 12, 2019. Retrieved December 12, 2019.
41. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Linder, Brian (October 16, 2000). "The Bat-Men Speak". *IGN*. Archived from the original on December 12, 2019. Retrieved December 12, 2019.
42. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Linder, Brian (December 6, 2000). "Aronofsky Talks *Batman: Year One* ... Again". *IGN*. Archived from the original on November 5, 2012. Retrieved October 17, 2008.
43. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Andrew O. Thompson (November 8, 2000). "Matthew Libatique". *Variety*. Archived from the original on December 12, 2019. Retrieved December 12, 2019.
44. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Adam Smith (July 2005). "The Original *American Psycho*". *Empire*. pp. 74–80, 82, 84, 87.
45. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Harris, Dana (June 30, 2002). "WB: fewer pix, more punch". *Variety*. Archived from the original on December 12, 2019. Retrieved December 12, 2019.
46. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Linder, Brian (April 5, 2001). "Aronofsky, Pitt Team for Sci-Fi Epic". *IGN*. Archived from the original on December 12, 2019. Retrieved December 12, 2019.
48. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Linder, Brian (June 7, 2001). "Blanchett Joining Pitt in Aronofsky's Next". *IGN*. Archived from the original on November 3, 2012. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
49. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Topel, Fred (November 7, 2006). "Crave talks to Darren Aronofsky". *CraveOnline.com*. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
50. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Linder, Brian (July 25, 2002). "Fountain Flows at Warner Bros". *IGN*. Archived from the original on November 3, 2012. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
51. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Silberman, Steve (November 1, 2006). "The Outsider". *Wired News*. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
52. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Linder, Brian (February 7, 2004). "*The Fountain* Flows Again". *IGN*. Archived from the original on December 12, 2019. Retrieved December 12, 2019.
53. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Linder, Brian (August 4, 2004). "Weisz Wades Into *Fountain*". *IGN*. Archived from the original on May 22, 2011. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
54. ↑ The Fountain (2006). *Box Office Mojo*.
55. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Ebert, Roger (September 14, 2007). "'The Fountain' spews forth lots of babble". *Chicago Sun-Times*. Archived from the original on February 11, 2010. Retrieved December 4, 2009.
56. ↑ Template:Cite journal
57. ↑ Fountain, The.
58. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Michael Fleming; Pamela McClintock (March 26, 2007). "Aronofsky in talks to direct 'Fighter'". *Variety*. Archived from the original on December 12, 2019. Retrieved December 12, 2019.
59. ↑ Pedersen, Nicole. "It's Official! Darren Aronofsky Will Build A Better ROBOCOP" Template:Webarchive, Collider July 25, 2008
60. ↑ Butler, Tom (June 27, 2010). Robocop Reboot Canned. IGN.
61. ↑ Zeitchik, Steven."It's a swan, it's a plane ... Darren Aronofsky latest name to surface in Superman director search" Template:Webarchive, *Los Angeles Times*, 2010/10/27
62. ↑ "Exclusive: Aronofsky To Direct Noah" Template:Webarchive, *Empire*, 2007/05/30
63. ↑ Sciretta, Peter (August 8, 2008). Fox Searchlight Wins The Wrestler. Shashfilm.
64. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Goldstein, Gregg (October 12, 2007). "Cage makes some moves on 'Wrestler'". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved December 12, 2019.
65. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Sciretta, Peter (October 9, 2008). "Interview: Darren Aronofsky". slashfilm.com. Archived from the original on September 20, 2008. Retrieved September 24, 2008.
66. ↑ Nicolas Cage: I Wasn't 'Dropped' From 'The Wrestler'. *Access Hollywood* (March 9, 2009).
67. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Fleming, Michael (November 10, 2007). "Mickey Rourke wires 'Wrestler'". *Variety*. Archived from the original on December 12, 2019. Retrieved December 12, 2019.
68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 68.2 Darren Aronofsky (2008). *Fox Searchlight*.
69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 69.2 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Singh, Anita (February 23, 2009). "Oscar winners: Slumdog Millionaire and Kate Winslet lead British film sweep". *The Daily Telegraph*. Archived from the original on February 26, 2009. Retrieved May 23, 2007.
70. ↑ The Wrestler (2008). *Box Office Mojo*.
71. ↑ "Direct Effect Season 1, Episode 7 Darren Aronofsky of BLACK SWAN". Template:Webarchive Fox Movie Channel Originals. TV Guide. October 11, 2011.
72. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Lesnick, Silas (December 13, 2009). "Mila Kunis Talks *Black Swan*". *ComingSoon.net*. Archived from the original on February 16, 2010. Retrieved December 12, 2019.
73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 73.2 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Ditzian, Eric (December 13, 2009). "'Black Swan' Director Darren Aronofsky on Ballet, Natalie Portman And Lesbian Kisses". MTV. Archived from the original on September 1, 2010. Retrieved December 12, 2019.
74. ↑ Template:Cite journal
75. ↑ Black Swan Movie reviews, Pictures.
76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 Nominees. Independent Spirit Awards (November 30, 2010).
77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 77.2 Nominees. Golden Globe Awards (December 14, 2010).
78. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
79. ↑ Black Swan (2010). *Box Office Mojo*.
80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 80.2 Nominees for the 83rd Academy Awards. oscars.org.
81. ↑ 15th Annual PRISM Awards. *Los Angeles Times* (April 28, 2011).
82. ↑ 82.0 82.1 <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>McClintock, Pamela (March 17, 2011). "Darren Aronofsky Bows Out of 'Wolverine'". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Archived from the original on March 20, 2011. Retrieved March 17, 2011. Additional March 17, 2011.
83. ↑ Stusoy, Brandon (November 3, 2011). Darren Aronofsky to Direct Video for Loutallica's "Iced Honey". Pitchfork Media.
84. ↑ 84.0 84.1 Template:Cite magazine
85. ↑ HBO Passes on Darren Aronofsky WW2 Magic Drama 'Hobgoblin,' FX Reportedly Considers. Screen Crush (June 18, 2013).
86. ↑ Mecca, Dan (June 16, 2011). Darren Aronofsky's 'Noah' Project Attempting To Anchor At. The Film Stage.
87. ↑ Fleming, Mike (March 4, 2012). Douglas Booth And Logan Lerman Board Boat For 'Noah'.
88. ↑ Schwartz, Terri (October 21, 2011). First look at Darren Aronofsky's "Noah" graphic novel hits the web. IFC.
89. ↑ Darren Aronofsky's *Noah* Begins Filming – Starring Russell Crowe, Ray Winstone & Emma Watson. Flicks and Bits.
90. ↑ Chitwood, Adam (July 9, 2012). Anthony Hopkins to Play Methuselah in Darren Aronofsky's NOAH. *Collider*.
91. ↑ Tartaglione, Nancy (March 31, 2014). NTL BOX OFFICE UPDATE: 'Captain America: The Winter Soldier' Captures $75.2M; 'Noah' Swells To $51.5M Cume; 'Rio 2' Breaks Brazil Records; 'Lego' Passes $400M; More. *Deadline*.
92. ↑ "Darren Aronofsky: 'There were no real animals used in Noah' Template:Webarchive", WENN.com, March 25, 2014.
93. ↑ "Darren Aronofsky honoured for kindness to animals Template:Webarchive", WENN.com, March 26, 2014.
94. ↑ Nordine, Michael (February 6, 2017). 'mother!': Darren Aronofsky Drama Starring Jennifer Lawrence Gets Awards-Friendly Release Date.
95. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>McNary, Dave (April 15, 2016). "Domhnall Gleeson, Michelle Pfeiffer Join Jennifer Lawrence in Darren Aronofsky Drama". *Variety*. Archived from the original on July 20, 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
96. ↑ Busch, Anita (March 23, 2017). Kristen Wiig In Negotiations To Star In 'Where'd You Go Bernadette?'.
97. ↑ 97.0 97.1 Template:Cite magazine
98. ↑ 98.0 98.1 Mother! (2017). Fandango.
99. ↑ 99.0 99.1 D'Alessandro, Anthony. 'Mother!' Dies With 'F' CinemaScore And $7.5M Start As 'It' Becomes Biggest September Release Ever With $218M+ Cume.
100. ↑ 100.0 100.1 Hughes, William (September 16, 2017). Mother! earns a rare, semi-coveted F from CinemaScore.
101. ↑ Sharf, Zack (2017-07-18). Darren Aronofsky's Next Movie is An Artificial Intelligence Courtroom Drama.
102. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
103. ↑ Ivie, Devon (2021-01-11). Darren Aronofsky Film 'The Whale' To Star Brendan Fraser.
104. ↑ Darren Aronofsky Sends Will Smith to Extreme Places in Nat Geo Adventure Series for Disney+ (December 11, 2020).
105. ↑ Darren Aronofsky Returns to Sundance with 'Some Kind of Heaven', Directed by Gifted Young Protégé with "Tremendous Potential" (January 28, 2020).
106. ↑ 106.0 106.1 Boyd, Susan (2008). *Hooked*. New York: Routledge. pp. 97–98. ISBN 978-0-415-95706-9.
107. ↑ Booker, M. (2007). *Postmodern Hollywood*. New York: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-275-99900-1.
108. ↑ Powell, Anna (2007). *Deleuze, Altered States and Film*. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-7486-3282-4.
109. ↑ Dancyger, Ken (2002). *The Technique of Film and Video Editing*. London: Focal. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-240-80420-1. https://archive.org/details/techniqueoffilmv00danc\_1/page/257.
110. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Look Effects Does More With Less CG on The Fountain". Animation World Network. October 26, 2006. Archived from the original on March 17, 2010. Retrieved April 23, 2010.
111. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Barry, Colleen (August 1, 2010). "*Black Swan* opens Venice Film Festival". *The Huffington Post*. Archived from the original on November 13, 2012.
112. ↑ Fireside Chat Darren Aronofsky. Red Bull GmbH.
113. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Weiland, Jonah (April 11, 2005). "Talking with the Makers of "The Fountain"". *Comic Book Resources*. Archived from the original on December 30, 2006. Retrieved November 10, 2006.
114. ↑ "Darren Aronofsky: THE ASK HOLLYWOOD INTERVIEW" Template:Webarchive. *Darren Aronofsky Online* (1998). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
115. ↑ "An Interview with Darren Aronofsky and Sean Gullette of "Pi"" Template:Webarchive. *IndieWire* (January 21, 1998). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
116. ↑ "It's a punk movie" Template:Webarchive. *Salon.com* (October 13, 2000). Retrieved 2010-12-12.
117. ↑ Brooks, Xan (September 7, 2017). Darren Aronofsky on Mother! – 'Jennifer Lawrence was hyperventilating because of the emotion'.
118. ↑ Template:Cite journal
119. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Wigler, Josh (August 5, 2010). "Natalie Portman Likens *Black Swan* To *Rosemary's Baby* In Terms of Tone". *MTV Movies Blog*. MTV. Archived from the original on August 6, 2010. Retrieved August 6, 2010.
120. ↑ las películas favoritas de darren aronofsky – filmin Template:Webarchive. Filmin.es. Retrieved on May 22, 2014.
121. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Buchanan, Kyle (August 26, 2010). "Vincent Cassel on *Mesrine*, *Black Swan*, and Acting". *Movieline*. Archived from the original on September 4, 2010.
122. ↑ Goodridge, Mike (August 22, 2000). MPAA slams NC-17 rating on Artisan's 'Requiem'. Screendaily.
123. ↑ Hernandez, Eugene (August 25, 2000). MPAA Upholds NC-17 Rating for Aronofsky's "Requiem for a Dream"; Artisan Stands Behind Film and Will Release Film Unrated. *indieWIRE*. SnagFilms.
124. ↑ Laverty, Chris (January 28, 2011). Black Swan: Amy Westcott Interview. Clothes on Film.
125. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Fuhrer, Margaret (May 21, 2010). "Ballet All Over: Big Names in *Black Swan*". *Pointe Magazine*. Macfadden Performing Arts Media. Archived from the original on July 15, 2010.
126. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
127. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
128. ↑ Controversy movies at the Box Office.
129. ↑ Template:Cite journal
130. ↑ Rachel Weisz and Darren Aronofsky 'split up' (9 November 2010).
131. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Oscar winner Rachel Weisz has baby boy". *USA Today*. March 1, 2005. Archived from the original on April 6, 2009. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
132. ↑ Template:Cite journal
133. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
134. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
135. ↑ Riseman, Abraham (August 21, 2017). Darren Aronofsky Doesn't Want You to Know Anything About Mother!. Vulture.com (New York.
136. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
137. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Darren Aronofsky to head Venice film festival jury". *BBC News*. April 27, 2011. Archived from the original on May 6, 2011. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
138. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
139. ↑ Darren Aronofsky will lead the 2015 Berlin Film Festival Jury. *Uproxx*. HitFix.
140. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Our Trip to The Climate War's Ground Zero". *The Daily Beast*. September 19, 2014. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
141. ↑ Sierra Club Leads Trip To The Arctic Weeks Before Shell Set To Drill. Sierra Club (July 20, 2015).
142. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
143. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
144. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Chris Gardner (June 13, 2016). "Darren Aronofsky Joins Sierra Club Foundation Board of Directors". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Archived from the original on August 17, 2017. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
145. ↑ Board of Trustees. The School for Field Studies.
146. ↑ directorsseries (2017-05-16). Darren Aronofsky's Student Films (1991-1994).
147. ↑ Sharf, Zack (2020-03-17). 15 Short Films Now Streaming From Great Directors: Nolan, Waititi, and More.
148. ↑ 10 Crazy Full-Motion Video Game Performances by Well-Respected Actors (March 23, 2017).
149. ↑ Darren Aronofsky a 50 ans ! Vous saviez qu'il avait travaillé sur un jeu vidéo ?.
150. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Gotham Awards (1998)". Archived from the original on November 10, 2016. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
151. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"1998 Award Winners". Archived from the original on September 27, 2015. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
152. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"2000 Award Winners". Archived from the original on September 27, 2015. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
153. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"45th Valladolid International Film Festival – Seminci 2000". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
154. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"2001 Webby Award Winner". Archived from the original on April 6, 2016. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
155. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Franklin J. Schaffner Award". Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
156. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Stockholm Film Festival Past Winners". Archived from the original on January 15, 2017. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
157. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Chicago International Film Festival 2006". Archived from the original on November 27, 2016. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
158. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"10th Annual Golden Tomato Awards". Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved February 19, 2020.
159. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Hayes, Dade (December 13, 2008). "Archived copy". *Variety*. Archived from the original on December 12, 2019. Retrieved December 12, 2019.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
160. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Fantasporto 2009". Archived from the original on June 17, 2016. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
161. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Child, Ben (August 1, 2010). "Venice film festival opens with Darren Aronofsky's Black Swan". *The Guardian*. London. Archived from the original on March 27, 2014. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
162. ↑ The 16th Critics' Choice Movie Awards Nominees. Broadcast Film Critics Association (December 19, 2010).
163. ↑ Awards Tour: 2011 Gotham Independent Film Awards Nominations. *Rotten Tomatoes* (November 30, 2010).
164. ↑ Chicago Film Critics Awards 2008–2010. Chicago Film Critics Association.
165. ↑ Soares, Andre (December 13, 2010). The Social Network, Colin Firth, Michelle Williams: San Francisco Film Critics Winners. Alternative Film Guide.
166. ↑ Knegt, Peter (December 20, 2010). "Social Network," "Scott Pilgrim" Lead Wacky Satellite Awards. *indieWIRE*.
167. ↑ TFCA Names 'The Social Network' Best Picture of 2010 Winners. Toronto Film Critics Association (December 14, 2010).
168. ↑ Knegt, Peter (January 11, 2011). 'Social Network,' 'Incendies' Leads Vancouver Critics' Awards. *indieWIRE*.
169. ↑ 2010 WAFCA Winners. Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association (December 6, 2010).
170. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Plus Camerimage 2010". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
171. ↑ 2011 Film Awards Winners and Nominees. British Academy of Film and Television Arts.
172. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
173. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Provincetown International Film Festival Filmmaker on the Edge Award". Archived from the original on September 10, 2015. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
174. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>Castillo, Michelle (October 17, 2011). "Scream Awards celebrates 2011's fan favorites". *CBS News*. CBS. Archived from the original on October 19, 2011. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
175. ↑ 2014 Maverick Awards.
176. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"AWARD WINNERS 2015". Archived from the original on November 22, 2015.
177. ↑ <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>"2015 Filmmaker Award". Archived from the original on September 10, 2015.
178. ↑ Bhushan, Nyay (2018-11-01). Mumbai: Thailand's 'Manta Ray,' India's 'Bulbul Can Sing' Win Festival's Top Awards.

## External links

Template:Sisterlinks

* Official website
* Template:Curlie
* Darren Aronofsky at IMDb
* Laine, Tarja (2015) *Bodies in Pain: Emotion and the Cinema of Darren Aronofsky*, Berghahn Books.
* Skorin-Kapov, Jadranka (2015) *Darren Aronofsky's Films and the Fragility of Hope*, Bloomsbury Academic.

Template:Berlin International Film Festival jury presidents
Template:Venice Film Festival jury presidents

Template:Authority control