Budō

**Budō** (武道, ***Budō***?) is a Japanese term describing modern Japanese martial arts. Literally translated it means the "Martial Way", and may be thought of as the "Way of War".

## Etymology

Budō is a compound of the root *bu* (武:ぶ), meaning "war" or "martial"; and *dō* (道:どう; *tao* in Chinese), meaning "path" or "way" (including the Buddhist conception of "path", or *mārga* in Sanskrit).
The term refers to the idea of formulating propositions, subjecting them to philosophical critique and then following a "path" to realize them. *Dō* signifies a "way of life". *Dō* in the Japanese context, is an experiential term, experiential in the sense that practice (the way of life) is the norm to verify the validity of the discipline cultivated through a given art form. Modern budō has no external enemy, only the internal enemy, one's ego that must be fought.

Similarly to budō, *bujutsu* is a compound of the roots *bu* (武), and *jutsu* (術:じゅつ), meaning technique. Thus, budō is translated as "martial way", or "the way of war" while *bujutsu* is translated as "science of war" or "martial craft." However, both budō and *bujutsu* are used interchangeably in English with the term "martial arts". Budo and bujutsu have quite a delicate difference; whereas bujutsu only gives attention to the physical part of fighting (how to best defeat an enemy), budo also gives attention to the mind and how one should develop oneself.

## Typical budo styles

* Karate
* Judo
* Iaido
* Kendo
* Kyudo
* Jodo
* Aikido
* Shōrinji kempō
* Atarashii naginata
* Waraku

## Bujutsu

It may be difficult to delineate the differences between budō and *bujutsu*. Sometimes, the differences are considered historical; others cite differences in training methods, training philosophy, or emphasis on spiritual development.

In modern usage, bujutsu, meaning martial art/military science, is typified by its practical application of technique to real-world or battlefield situations. Budō, meaning martial way, has a more philosophical emphasis.

### Civilian vs. military

Many consider budō a more civilian form of martial arts, as an interpretation or evolution of the older *bujutsu*, which they categorize as a more militaristic style or strategy. According to this distinction, the modern civilian art de-emphasizes practicality and effectiveness in favor of personal development from a fitness or spiritual perspective. The difference is between the more "civilian" versus "military" aspects of combat and personal development. They see budō and *bujutsu* as representing a particular strategy or philosophy regarding combat systems, but still, the terms are rather loosely applied and often interchangeable.

### Art vs. lifestyle

One view is that a bujutsu is the martial art you practice, whereas a budo is the lifestyle you live and the path you walk by practicing a bujutsu. For example, one could say that Judo and Jujutsu practised as a practiced martial art are one and the same, being that the practice of the art Jujutsu leads to obtaining the lifestyle of Judo (Judo was originally known as Kano Jujutsu, after Judo's founder Kano Jigoro). That would be true with arts such as kenjutsu/kendo and iaijutsu/iaido as well.

### Sport

Budō was featured in the Summer Olympic Games demonstration programme in 1964.

## References

1. ↑ Armstrong, Hunter B. (1995). *The Koryu Bujutsu Experience* in *Kory Bujutsu - Classical Warrior Traditions of Japan*. New Jersey: Koryu Books. pp. 19–20. ISBN 1-890536-04-0.
2. ↑ Dreager, Donn F. (1974). *Modern Bujutsu & Budo - The Martial Arts and Ways of Japan*. New York/Tokyo: Weatherhill. p. 11. ISBN 0-8348-0351-8.
3. ↑ Friday, Karl F. (1997). *Legacies of the Sword*. Hawai: University of Hawai'i Press. p. 63. ISBN 0-8248-1847-4.
4. ↑ Sanchez, Cayetano (2013). *Budo for Budoka*. Cuervo. p. 52-53.
5. ↑ Morgan, Diane (2001). *The Best Guide to Eastern Philosophy and Religion*. New York: Renaissance Books. p. 38.
6. ↑ Kyoto, Minoru (1995). *Kendo, Its Philosophy, History and Means to Personal Growth*. Kegan Paul International. p. 15.
7. ↑ Craig, Darrell Max (2002). *Mugai Ryu - The Classical Samurai Art of Drawing the Sword*. Boston, Mass.: YMAA Publication Center. p. 2.
8. ↑ Henshall, Kenneth G. (1998), *A Guide to Remembering Japanese Characters*, p. 220 (Tuttle).
9. ↑ Armstrong, Hunter B. (1995). *The Koryu Bujutsu Experience* in *Kory Bujutsu - Classical Warrior Traditions of Japan*. New Jersey: Koryu Books. pp. 19–20. ISBN 1-890536-04-0.
10. ↑ Dreager, Donn F. (1974). *Modern Bujutsu & Budo - The Martial Arts and Ways of Japan*. New York/Tokyo: Weatherhill. p. 11. ISBN 0-8348-0351-8.
11. ↑ Friday, Karl F. (1997). *Legacies of the Sword*. Hawai: University of Hawai'i Press. p. 63. ISBN 0-8248-1847-4.
12. ↑ *Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement*. 2011. p. 69.