recursal/Fanatic-Fandom huggingface dataset:
Acrocanthosaurus

Acrocanthosaurus is a a carcharodontosaurid theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of the United States of America. It was named in 1950 by John Willis Stovall and Wann Langston Jr. It was one of the largest theropods, as well as one of the few carcharodontosaurids to have lived in the Northern hemisphere (alongside Concavenator and Neovenator).

## Physiology

Acrocanthosaurus was a giant theropod with a semi-bulky body, moderately long legs, short arms with 3 fingers on each hand, a long tail, a moderately long neck, a large head with a mouth containing lots of big teeth, and a pair of stubby crests atop its head. As well as this, it had a large hump on its back. Its body would have been covered in scaly skin.

## Diet

Acrocanthosaurus was a predator, preying on iguanodonts, mid-sized sauropods, nodosaurs, and dromaeosaurs. Its teeth had knife-like serrations from back to back, and were used to slice off pieces of flesh from the bodies of large prey.

## Ecology

Like other large carcharodontosaurids, Acrocanthosaurus was an apex-predator that mainly focused on hunting large-bodied animals, using its serrated, knife-like teeth to bite chunks of flesh out of prey's bodies in order to weaken them before going in for the kill. While its arms were very small and could not swing very far (even to scratch its own neck), they could retract towards the body very strongly; due to this, it could have used its arms to assist with predation in many ways, from grappling onto moderately large prey with its arms while biting into them to grabbing smaller prey with its jaws while using its claws to slice them into smaller, more digestible chunks of flesh. Due to a massive parallel trackway containing foots from it as well as many sauropod dinosaurs, we can assume that the theropods tracked down herbivores like these in small packs; however, while pack-hunting is suitable for almost any carnivorous theropod, the possibility of many different solitary theropods moving in the same direction at different times after the sauropods had passed is not out of the question. The function of the hump on Acrocanthosaurus' back remains open to debate; some possible theories include being used for display or for being used to store fat so that the dinosaur could survive harsh dry seasons.

## In popular culture

Acrocanthosaurus was first introduced to the public in the 1995 novel *Raptor Red*, where it competes with the protagonist Utahraptor for food and throws off her pack's way of life; when tensions arise in the pack even further, the giant theropods take the opportunity to strike, but are soon driven off when one of them is lured over to a Kronosaurus's jaws. Since then, it has been featured in smaller pieces of media (usually documentaries) like *Monsters Resurrected*, where it is often portrayed as an imposing (if mostly passive and animalistic) predator that rules over its environment.
S7E45: "5 Minute Dungeon"

## Beer(s)

Game of Thrones: Winter Is Here (Brewery Ommegang)

Game Of Thrones: Fire & Blood (Brewery Ommegang)

## Navigation

**"5 Minute Dungeon"** is the 45th episode in the seventh season of the series *Beer and Board Games*. The episode originally aired on November 30, 2017. The guests were Dylan Brogan and Tony Mayer. The beer wench was nobody (as credited).

## Notes

* The beer featured in this episode was Game of Thrones: Winter Is Here, a white Belgian ale and Game Of Thrones: Fire & Blood, a red ale. Matt comments, "The white ale has an intense banana flavor. Intense." Aaron replies, "I don't really taste it. It tastes wheat with a slight sharpness like winter." Matt, "It does taste wintry. I'll give it that" On the other beer Matt comments, "Fire & Blood ale is really good, I expected to be too spicy but it's not."
* Dylan claims he can't smile and accuses Aaron of not being able to wink.

## Original Characters

* Tony Mayer as a Kobold who steals Haribo gummy bears

## Songs

* (Mashup), sung by Aaron Yonda, Dylan Brogan, Matt Sloan, Tony Mayer.
	+ Lyrics: "Play it and do it and do it and play it. Let me get into your heart. When you're shuffling your cards. You can win. All you've got to do is do it and play it and chide it and scroll it until she is mine."
* "I'm So Fancy" (Iggy Azalea), sung by Aaron Yonda, Matt Sloan
	+ Lyrics (Modified):" Who that, who that, I-G-G-Y. Who that, who that. I'm so fancy, —with a hand that grows. Let's get drunk at the minimall."

## Memorable Quotes

**Dylan**: "*I love this game. It's got herbs.*"

**Dylan**: "*Palaydien*"
Tenontosaurus

Tenontosaurus is an ornithopod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of the United States of America. It was named in 1970 by John Ostrom. It was one of the most common ornithopods during the Early Cretaceous, as well as one of the most adaptable.

## Physiology

Tenontosaurus was a bipedal ornithopod with a semi-bulky body, long forelimbs, long, muscular hindlimbs, an extremely long, broad tail, and a large head with a small beak in front of its mouth. Its body would have been covered in scaly skin.

## Diet

Tenontosaurus was an herbivore, feeding mainly on leaves and ferns, but also snacking on wood and fruits from time to time. Its round beak was used to strip leaves off branches, while the many teeth in the back of its mouth would grind together, processing the leaves.

## Ecology

Like most other large ornithopods, Tenontosaurus was a low-level browser, only being able to access vegetation 3 meters off the ground by rearing; however, due to its powerful, U-shaped beak and the sharp teeth at the back of its mouth, it was not limited to eating soft vegetation, and could likely eat fruits hanging from trees and even the wood covering their stems. As Tenontosaurus was a heavily-built, bipedal ornithischian with a massive tail, it likely would have not been a very fast or agile runner; despite this, it could likely use its powerful legs to achieve short bursts of speed in order to escape from predators. As time passed on, Tenontosaurus' habitat would transform from arid scrubland to tropical marsh. However, this change in climate would see an increase in Tenontosaurus populations rather than a decrease, showing that it was a very adaptable animal; why it managed to survive these changes to its environment is a mystery.

## In popular culture

Due to many portrayals showcasing it being attacked by Deinonychus, Tenontosaurus has seen a small boost in popularity. Nowadays, it is often featured in smaller pieces of media (usually documentaries) like *Monsters Resurrected*, where it continues to be a prey item for not only Deinonychus, but also for the large theropod Acrocanthosaurus.
Pterodactylus

Pterodactylus is a pterodactylid pterosaurian reptile from the Late Jurassic of Germany. It was named in 1809 by Georges Cuvier. It was the first pterosaur known to science, and, like any early-known Mesozoic animal, it was a wastebasket taxon; as well as this, it was confused for being a shrew-like flying mammal or a strange finned amphibian, right before people discovered that it was a reptile.

## Physiology

Pterodactylus resembled a bat-like bird; it had 4 legs (2 of which served as wings), 4 fingers on each hand (one of which was elongated and supported the wing membrane), a small body, a short tail, a moderately long neck, a small head with a long, toothy beak. As well as this, it had a large crest atop its head and a large throat pouch extending from the middle of its jaw to the upper part of its neck. Most of its body (excluding its beak, crest, and wings) would have been covered in a fur-like covering called pycnofibers.

## Diet

Pterodactylus was a predator, preying on fish and crustaceans as an adult, and subsisting on insects and lizards as a juvenile. Its teeth were small yet sharp, and were used to get a hold of struggling prey.

## Ecology

The way how Pterodactylus should be constructed was under debate for a long time, with people reconstructing it as an aquatic animal, a flying, bat-like mammal, and a winged reptile; today, the latter prevails as the most accepted reconstruction. Like modern reptiles today, Pterodactylus grew at a slow and steady rate; adults could be distinguished from juveniles by the number of teeth on their beak (15 for juveniles, 90 for adults), the robusticity of their teeth (adults have narrower teeth than juveniles), and the presence of short, rounded crest atop the back of their skulls (which juveniles lacked). In terms of the very latter, this crest was most likely used for display; it also might have been more pronounced in males, possibly allowing for use in attracting mates. A comparison of its sclerotic rings to those of modern reptiles and birds indicates that it was diurnal; this lifestyle benefitted the animal, as it would avoid competition with Rhamphorhynchus, a fellow fish-eating pterosaur that preferred to hunt during the night.

## In popular culture

Pterodactylus was one of the 1st Mesozoic animals discovered, so it was featured in Crystal Palace Park (a pleasure ground in London) as a large, scaly, long-necked reptile with broad wings, alongside Iguanodon (depicted as a horned dragon), Megalosaurus (also depicted as a dragon), Plesiosaurus, Ichthyosaurus, and Mosasaurus (depicted as a giant, iguana-like squamate). During the time the park was built, it was referred to as the "Ptero-Dactyle"; soon, that word evolved into the popular eponym "pterodactyl", a name that is informally used for all pterosaurs (similar to the usage of the word "bug" to describe all insects).
Sinraptor

Sinraptor is a metriacanthosaurid theropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of China. It was named in 1994 by Philip J. Currie and Zhao Xijin. It was one of the biggest Jurassic dinosaurs in China; as well as this, it was given a name that may lead people to believe that it was a dromaeosaurid, when in reality, it was more related to larger theropods like Allosaurus.

## Physiology

Sinraptor was a large theropod with a semi-bulky body, a long tail, mid-sized arms with 3 fingers on each hand, and a large head with a mouth containing lots of big teeth. Its body would have been covered in scaly skin.

## Diet

Sinraptor was a predator, preying on ornithopods, mid-sized sauropods, stegosaurians, small crocodylomorphs, small pterosaurs, and smaller theropods. Its teeth had knife-like serrations from back to back, and were used to slice off pieces of flesh from the bodies of large prey.

## Ecology

So far, all we know about Sinraptor is that when hunting large-bodied prey, it would would rush up to them, bite a large chunk of flesh off their bodies with its jaws, and let them attempt to run away, as blood loss would weaken them and allow it to finish them off with another deadly bite; as well as this, it wasn't an extremely fast runner (due to its leg proportions), but was able to keep up with many of its prey items (as they were slower than it was).

## In popular culture

Sinraptor was featured in the 2nd episode of the 2011 documentary *Planet Dinosaur*, where a hungry sub-adult individual tries to eat an Epidexipteryx hidden in a log; however, the scansoriopterygid escapes the metriacanthosaurid just before it was able to nab its smaller target. Later, said Epidexipteryx drops its beetle larva meal onto the forest floor, only for the grub to be taken by another Epidexipteryx; just in time, the sub-adult Sinraptor shows up to kill the food-stealer.
Westlothiana

Westlothiana is an amphibian from the Mississippian of the United Kingdom. It was named in 1990 by Tim R. Smithson and William David Ian Rolfe. Back then, it was thought to be either a reptile or a reptiliomorph amphibian; now, it is considered as likely to be the latter, although more research on this topic may be necessary.

## Physiology

Despite its amphibian classification, Westlothiana resembled a skink. It was a reptile with 4 small legs, a long tail, a semi-long body, and a head with mid-sized jaws. It body would have been covered in scaly skin.

## Diet

Westlothiana was a predator, feeding on small insects and other small arthropods. Its teeth were small yet sharp, and were used to get a hold of struggling prey as the amphibian swallowed them whole.

## Ecology

Not much is known about Westlothiana, although it can be inferred that it had a somewhat diverse lifestyle, crawling around in moist environments and eating small arthropods similarly to a salamander, and burrowing in the ground similar to a skink.
Bothriolepis

### Physical Dimensions

43.7 centimeters for *B.canadensis*; 1.3 meters long for *B.maxima*; 1.7 meters long for *B.rex*

### Diet

Detritivore

Bothriolepis is a bothriolepidid antiarch placoderm fish from the Middle-Late Devonian of the entire world. It was named in 1840 by Karl Eichwald. It was one of the most successful placoderms, as it was easily adaptable, and could live in any aquatic environment.

## Physiology

Bothriolepis was a unique placoderm. It was a fish with an armored head, small, toothless jaws, small eyes on the top of its head, an armored body, blade-like pectoral fins, and a long, upwards-facing tail. Its body would have been covered in scaly skin, with bony plates protecting its head, and body.

## Diet

Bothriolepis was a detritivore, sucking up pieces of organic debris suspended in the water. Its small jaws were used to get a hold of any detritus on the silt and mud.

## Ecology

Bothriolepis had a spiral-shaped gut, which allowed it to digest its food for a longer period of time, leading to more extraction of nutrients. As well as this, it had long, blade-like fins, which were used for lifting itself off the bottom of its aquatic environment, as well as stirring up sediment. It is known to have been easily adaptable, as fossils of this placoderm were found in both saltwater and freshwater environments. In fact, some may say that it was anadromous, migrating into freshwater in order to lay eggs.

## In popular culture

Bothriolepis was featured in the 1st episode of the 2003 documentary *Chased by Sea Monsters*, where Nigel Marven, the explorer of the prehistoric seas, wraps a dead individual in chainmail and uses it as bait for the large predatory fish, Dunkleosteus.
Torvosaurus

Torvosaurus is a megalosaurid theropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of the United States of America, Portugal, and possibly the United Kingdom, Tanzania, and Uruguay. It was named in 1979 by Peter Galton and James Alvin Jensen. It was one of the biggest theropods to walk the earth during the Jurassic, only beaten by the Saurophaganax.

## Physiology

Torvosaurus was a theropod with a slender body, a long tail, short arms with 3 fingers on each hand, and a long head with a mouth containing lots of big teeth. Its body would have been covered in scaly skin.

## Diet

Torvosaurus was a predator, preying on ornithopods, mid-sized sauropods, stegosaurians, small crocodylomorphs, small pterosaurs, and smaller theropods. Its teeth had knife-like serrations from back to back, and were designed for crushing bone.

## Ecology

Torvosaurus was a large theropod that ruled over its territory as a terrestrial apex predator. Some people may speculate that due to its large size, it was a scavenger that bullied smaller predators like Allosaurus and Ceratosaurus off their kills; at the same time, it was also capable on feeding on the many giant herbivores of the Jurassic plains, such as Stegosaurus, Camarasaurus, and Diplodocus. Contrary to the flesh-shearing, muscle-powered bite of Allosaurus and the deep, lacerating bite of Ceratosaurus, Torvosaurus had a bite that was capable of cracking through the defenses of armored prey such as Stegosaurus. In general, this prodigious size and power can probably be attributed to the increasing size of the herbivores that lived during the Jurassic.

## In popular culture

Torvosaurus was featured in the 2nd episode of the 2011 documentary *Dinosaur Revolution*, where it is shown as an imperious apex predator that uses size and aggression to intimidate other dinosaurs into running away. Only one dinosaur, an Allosaurus with a broken jaw, dares to fight against the giant theropod; eventually, with some help from a gigantic diplodocid, he succeeds.
Cameroceras

This article is in need of updating.It contains info that may no longer be accurate, and will be revised to be more in line with modern research.

## Other Attributes

### Location

United States of America, Canada, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, China

### Diet

Planktivore

Cameroceras is an endoceratid endoceridan cephalopod mollusk from the Middle Ordovician-Ludlow of the United States of America, Canada, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and China. It was named in 1842 by Timothy Abbott Conrad. It was one of the biggest orthoconic cephalopods, and was originally thought to be 11 meters long; however, scientists now agree that it was a few meters shorter.

## Physiology

Cameroceras had the generic orthoconic cephalopod body plan. It was a squid-like mollusk with tentacles long enough to capture food, a small mouth hiding between the circular row of tentacles, and a large, straight shell. Its body would have been covered in smooth skin, and mostly covered by its hard shell.

## Diet

Cameroceras was a planktivore, sucking up colonies of plankton drifting through the water. Its tentacles would have been used to trap plankton, while its mouth would suck them up.

## Ecology

For a while, it was suspected that Cameroceras was a predator, feeding on any mid-sized animals; in order to hunt, it would have swam up to prey and grabbed it with its tentacles; between these tentacles, a hard, keratinous beak would have delivered a bite so powerful that it would have cracked the outer coverings of smaller orthoconic cephalopods like Endoceras and even eurypterids like Megalograptus, leaving the giant cephalopod to rasp out any soft tissue with its radula. However, a recent study found that there is no evidence for the existence of said beak in Cameroceras; as well as this, its gigantic, straight shell would have heavily impeded its movement, making it a slow swimmer. Due to this, a nektobenthic (free-swimming, but living near the seafloor) predatory lifestyle similar to the living nautilus would not have worked for the cephalopod; instead, it would have been an epipelagic (living near the ocean's surface) filter feeder, sucking up plankton as it swam about. As well as this, Cameroceras was built in a way so that it wasn't rear-heavy; many small conical structures within its siphuncle (tube in the shell containing soft tissue and running through all the chambers in its shell) would have compensated for all the flesh in the body chamber, and would have sealed off the top chambers from the siphuncle itself, making the body horizontally stable, no matter how many changes in buoyancy it would experience.

## In popular culture

Cameroceras was featured in the 1st episode of the 2003 documentary *Chased by Sea Monsters*, where it is depicted as a marauding predator ready to take a bite out of any arthropods in its way. As well as this, it is depicted as having poor eyesight; however, this may have not not very likely, as many epipelagic cephalopods are known to have exceptional eyesight.
Proteothrinax

Proteothrinax is a frilled shark from the Late Cretaceous-Miocene of Austria, Canada, Antarctica, Angola, New Zealand, and Ecuador. It was named in 2012 by Friedrich H. Pfeil. It was one of the most successful sharks of all time, even happening to be a disaster taxon; as well as this, many species within its genus were once thought to be species of the modern frilled shark genus *Chlamydoselachus* (this was especially the case for "*Chlamydoselachus goliath*", one of the largest frilled shark species) before finally being moved to their own genus.[1]

## Physiology

Not much is known about how Proteothrinax looked, but based on how similar its teeth were to the modern frilled shark, it can be assumed that it looked very similar, having an elongated, serpentine body, rounded pectoral (arm) and pelvic ("leg") fins, long, ribbon-like dorsal (back) and anal (rear) fins, a moderately long, pointed caudal (tail) fin, and a small, elongated head with large jaws; as well as this, it would have had 6 gills located near the head on each side of its body, all of which protruded outwards to form a frilled edge. Its body would have been covered in scaly skin.

## Diet

Proteothrinax was a predator, preying on cephalopods, smaller sharks, and small fish. Its jaws had nearly 30 rows of small, triple-pronged teeth, which would have been used to get a hold of struggling prey; in fact, some Proteothrinax species had larger and stouter teeth, which allowed them to take on tougher prey than average.

## Ecology

So far, all we know about Proteothrinax was that, similarly to the modern frilled shark, it may have been a slow-moving ambush predator that struck at its prey like a snake, using the wide gape of its long jaws and its multiple rows of triple-pronged teeth to snag them; however, it may have lived in shallower waters than those its modern relative inhabits, and some species may have had larger and sturdier teeth, allowing them to take on larger or harder-bodied prey items.[2]

## References

1. Cappetta, H., Morrison, K., & Adnet, S. (2019, December 10). A shark fauna from the Campanian of Hornby Island, British Columbia, Canada: an insight into the diversity of Cretaceous deep-water assemblages. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08912963.2019.1681421.
2. Consoli, C. P. (2008, June). A rare Danian (early Paleocene) Chlamydoselachus (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) from the Takatika Grit, Chatham Islands, New Zealand. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1671/0272-4634%282008%2928%5B285%3AARDEPC%5D2.0.CO%3B2.
Henodus

Henodus is a henodontid placodontian reptile from the Late Triassic of Germany. It was named in 1936 by Friedrich von Huene. It was another early plant-eating marine reptile; the fact that it was one of the many genera of an order of shellfish-eaters makes it all the more interesting.

## Physiology

Unlike its cousin, Placodus, Henodus resembled a turtle, with a broad, shell-covered body, short legs, a moderately long tail, and a small head with small jaws. However, it had a few major differences; its shell was wider than those of living turtles, and it had a wide beak with only one tooth present, otherwise sporting baleen-like projections on its jaws. Its body was covered in scaly skin, and mostly covered by its hard shell.

## Diet

Henodus was an omnivore, feeding mainly on organic matter. Its baleen-like structures were used to filter organic matter from the water; however, it may have also used its wide mouth to scrape algae off the rocky seafloor.

## Ecology

Due to having a large shell, Henodus had better protection from predators like Nothosaurus and Cymbospondylus than Placodus did (assuming the predators would dare attack a Placodus). However, it also hampered its movement on land; adding on to the fact that its legs were relatively weak, it can be assumed that Henodus spent barely any time on land. As well as this, Henodus' dietary preferences were open for a long time; many once considered it to be a shellfish eater similar to Placodus, Placochelys, and Psephoderma. However, due to the baleen-like projections on its jaws, people have now realized that it was an omnivorous filter feeder, swallowing large masses of tiny aquatic animals, sifting through the sand and mud in order to find food, and even using its wide mouth to scrape algae off the seafloor.
Kaprosuchus

Kaprosuchus is a reptile from the Late Cretaceous of Niger. It was named in 2009 by Paul Sereno and Hans Larsson. It was one of the many diverse crocodylomorphs that lived during the Late Cretaceous, as its enlarged teeth were unlike those of any living crocodile.

## Physiology

Not much is known about Kaprosuchus' physiology apart from its skull; in this case, it was long and conical, its mouth had 4 pairs of large, tusk-like teeth that protruded beyond the skull, it had slightly forward-facing eyes, it had large horns atop its head. Based on the skeletal remains we have from its relatives[1], it had a bulky body, moderately long legs, and a long, laterally-flattened tail. Its body would have been covered in scaly skin, with a row of scutes running down its back.

## Diet

Kaprosuchus was a predator, preying on preying on small theropods and smaller crocodylomorphs. Its 4 pairs of large teeth had knife-like serrations from front to back, and were used to cut into the hides of prey.

## In popular culture

Kaprosuchus was featured in the 4th and 5th seasons of the science fiction TV series *Primeval*, where it is depicted as a hardy, monstrous predator with a vaguely mammalian body plan. Interestingly enough, in addition to being capable on land, it is also shown to be a good swimmer, as it is able to swim through the sewers it was dumped in as a hatchling and attack unsuspecting homeless people near a dock.

## References

1. Pol, D., Nascimento, P. M., Carvalho, A. B., Riccomini, C., Pires-Domingues, R. A., & Zaher, H. (2014). A new notosuchian from the late cretaceous of Brazil and the phylogeny of advanced notosuchians. PLoS ONE, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093105
Arthropod

The arthropods are another diverse group of invertebrate animals that have some special feats. Their chitinous exoskeleton functions like a suit of armor, and while it is hard on the body, it is soft on the joints, thus giving them working jointed legs. In the beginning of time, they inhabited the water and looked more like aliens than anything else. However, over time, they evolved to be more modern and monstrous, and in the Silurian, they brought out one of their greatest advantages: they were the first to scuttle out of the water and find a new home on land. They were also the first to be capable of flight, as seen in the Carboniferous.

## Arthropods Throughout Time (note that those are not all the ones that exist)

### Cambrian Arthropods

* Trilobites
* Hallucigenia
* Anomalocaris
* Waptia
* Opabinia
* Marrella

### Ordovician Arthropods

* Megalograptus
* Horseshoe Crabs

### Silurian Arthropods

* Eurypterus
* Pterygotus
* Stylonurus
* Brontoscorpio
* Acutiramus
* Eoarthropleura

### Devonian Arthropods

* Jaekelopterus
* Hibbertopterus

### Carboniferous Arthropods

* Arthropleura
* Pulmonoscorpius
* Meganeura
* Megarachne
Darwinopterus

Darwinopterus is a wukongopterid pterosaurian reptile from the Late Jurassic of China. It was named in 2010 by Lü Juncheng and his crew. It was a truly unique pterosaur, as it had both features of the long-tailed, normal-looking rhamphorhynchoids and the short-tailed, weirdly-proportioned pterodactyloids.

## Physiology

Darwinopterus was a unique pterosaur. Like most pterosaurs, it had 4 legs (2 of which served as wings), a small body, 4 fingers on each hand (one of which was elongated and supported the wing membrane), and a large head with a long, toothy beak; however, it also had a shorter tail and a longer neck than other pterosaurs at the time, as well as a large crest on its head. Most of its body (excluding its beak, crest, and wings) would have been covered in a fur-like covering called pycnofibers.

## Diet

Darwinopterus was a predator, preying on insects and lizards. Most Darwinopterus species had small yet sharp teeth which were used for getting a hold of struggling prey; however, one species of Darwinopterus, *Darwinopterus robustodens*, preyed on hard-shelled beetles by snapping on their shells with its heavily-built teeth.

## Ecology

Darwinopterus was once thought to be a raptorial, hawk-like macropredator, swooping upon primitive birds half its size and snatching them from the air with its long, toothy beak; however, recent studies have shown that it was poorly-equipped for this lifestyle, and had reconstructed it as a robin-like insectivore, hopping around the trees and eating insects crawling on the bark (one species of Darwinopterus, the aforementioned *D.robustodens*, ate hard-shelled beetles, while the other Darwinopterus species preferred to eat softer-bodied prey). As well as this, male Darwinopterus had large crests on their heads, which were used to attract (crestless) females and to ward off rivals. A revolutionary discovery was made when a supposed Darwinopterus fossil egg was discovered; like the eggs of other reptiles, it was soft-shelled, which suggested that after pterosaurs laid their eggs, they buried them in the ground and left them be, and that newly-hatched flaplings would emerge from the ground, already capable of flight. A recent study has shown that the egg belonged to another genus of wukongopterid, but the discovery was still a major one nevertheless.

## In popular culture

Darwinopterus was featured in the 2010 documentary *Flying Monsters 3D*, where it is shown as the evolutionary link between primitive and advanced pterosaurs. As well as this, it is depicted as the macropredatory, eagle-like snatcher it was once believed to be; its token prey item happens to be an (undersized) Anchiornis.
Cedarosaurus

Cedarosaurus is a brachiosaurid sauropod sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of the United States of America. It was named in 1999 by Virginia Tidwell and her associates. It was one of the many Early Cretaceous brachiosaurs that roamed North America, as well as one of the larger ones (as Cretaceous brachiosaurs were smaller than their Late Jurassic brethren).

## Physiology

Cedarosaurus was a sauropod with a bulky, downwards-sloping body, a deep torso, 4 large, erect, pillar-like legs, a moderately long tail, a long neck, and a small head with a large, bony arch above its eyes and just behind its nostrils. Its body would have been covered in scaly skin.

## Diet

Cedarosaurus was an herbivore, feeding on leaves from large trees. Its peg-like teeth were used to strip branches of their leaves, and its long neck and limbs allowed it to access vegetation some 9 meters in the air without rearing.

## Ecology

So far, all we know about Cedarosaurus is that its long, upwards-pointing neck allowed it to feed off the treetops without having to rear up, as well as to minimize competition with other Cretaceous herbivores like Iguanacolossus; as well as this, a fossilized individual with stomach contents revealed that it most likely swallowed large stones in order to aid in digestion, similar to what many birds and crocodilians do today.
Paleozoic

The Paleozoic Era was arguably the longest era of all time. During this era, tons of life had come into the play. At first, mollusks, arthropods, and fish had dominated the seas. However, soon enough, the arthropods had scuttled out of the water to live on land, while the fish had undertaken a long line of evolution into amphibians, which were also able to exit the water. During this colonization, plants had started to rise on the land, soon growing into trees. After the first colonization of land, the amphibians undertook a long line of evolution into reptiles, and the first conifers formed. However, a destructive mass extinction had culminated the Paleozoic, and the Earth took a long time to recover. However, the reptiles continued to dominate, and soon evolved.

## Major Periods

* Cambrian
* Ordovician
* Silurian
* Devonian
* Carboniferous
* Permian
Pelecanimimus

Pelecanimimus is a theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Spain. It was named in 1994 by Bernardino P. Perez-Moreno and his crew. It was one of the most unique theropods at the time, as even though it was related to ornithomimids like Ornithomimus and Gallimimus, its general body plan still differed from them.

## Physiology

Pelecanimimus was a very birdlike theropod with long legs, long, slender arms, a moderately long neck, and an elongated, bird-like head with large eyes. However, it also had a few unique traits; for example, it had a small, keratinous crest on its head, lots of small teeth on its jaws, and a throat pouch extending from the middle of its jaw to the upper part of its neck (hence the meaning of its name, "pelican mimic"). Most of its body (excluding most of its legs and all of its snout) would have been covered in short, fuzz-like feathers; however, its arms would have had long, vaned feathers, similar to all other advanced theropods.

## Diet

Pelecanimimus was a predator, preying on fish and small amphibians. Strangely enough for a theropod related to ornithomimids, it had many teeth on its pointed jaws, which would have been used to get a hold of struggling prey; as well as this, the extendable throat sac attaching to its lower jaw would have been used to store water and fish.

## Ecology

Unlike its relatives, the ornithomimids, which had completely toothless jaws, Pelecanimimus had many small, sharp teeth on its jaws, which would have given it a bite that cut and ripped food into pieces; along with a large throat pouch that was discovered in a well-preserved specimen, this feature tells us that Pelecanimimus was more carnivorous than its later, more advanced cousins. It may have waded around in the large lake in the center of its habitat, grabbing any fish or frogs with its jaws and collecting them with its throat pouch before swallowing them later. Along with this, the same specimen showed that Pelecanimimus had a small, triangular crest at the back of its head. It is most likely that this crest was used for display, but whether it was used for attracting mates or recognition by other members of its species is yet unknown.
Cymbospondylus

Cymbospondylus is a cymbospondylid ichthyosaurian reptile from the Middle Triassic of Germany, Italy, and the United States of America. It was named in 1868 by Joseph Leidy. It was one of the earliest ichthyosaurs to ever swim the Triassic seas, as well as one of the most successful.

## Physiology

Despite its ichthyosaurian affinities, Cymbospondylus resembled a mosasaur. It had an elongated and streamlined body, 4 flippers, a long tail with a fluke on its end, and a long, conical head with large jaws. Its body would have been covered in scaly skin.

## Diet

Cymbospondylus was a predator, preying on fish, cephalopods, and smaller marine reptiles. Although its teeth were relatively small, they were still sharp, and were used to get a hold of any struggling prey.

## Ecology

Unlike another (recently-discovered) giant ichthyosaur, Cymbopsondylus had small teeth, which would not have been efficient for cutting into the hides of larger ichthyosaurs; instead, they would have been used to get a hold of small to midsized fish, cephalopods, and marine reptiles. However, it was a somewhat competent swimmer, as its long, eel-like tail that was used to propel itself as it swam through the water, while its 4 flippers would have been used for steering, stabilization, and slowing down. Unlike most other aquatic animals, Cymbospondylus often lived in the open ocean, only coming near the shore to catch prey found nowhere else or to breed. As well as this, like other ichthyosaurs, as well as plesiosaurs, Cymbospondylus would have gave birth to live young (pushing them out tail-first as to prevent drowning), as it was nowhere near being adapted to go on land.

## In popular culture

Cymbospondylus was featured in the 1st episode of the 2003 documentary *Chased by Sea Monsters*, where it is featured as the apex predator of the Triassic aquatic ecosystems and mentioned as a great danger to Nigel Marven (the explorer of the prehistoric seas). Despite all this, it only eats a shed Tanystropheus tail and harmlessly circles around the diver, only biting at the cattle prod he uses to drive marine reptiles away.
Thescelosaurus

Thescelosaurus is a parksosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of the United States of America and Canada. It was named in 1913 by Charles W. Gilmore. It was one of the last primitive ornithischians, and was also one of the most widespread.

## Physiology

Thescelosaurus had a slightly more unique body plan compared to other ornithischians. It had a broad body, semi-short legs, a long tail, semi-short arms, a small beak in front of its mouth, and large, eagle-like brows near the top of its eyes. Its body would have been covered in scaly skin.

## Diet

Thescelosaurus would have been an herbivore, feeding on plants low to the ground by shredding them with its beak, and holding them in its mouth (specifically by its cheeks) when chewing. However, its leaf-shaped teeth (designed for chewing plants) were in the back of its mouth, lying right behind a front row of pointy teeth, so many may speculate that it also either preyed on small animals like lizards, or scavenged the kills of larger predators (in addition to its herbivorous diet).

## Ecology

Thescelosaurus would have been a slow runner, due to its heavy build and unusual leg structure (its upper legs were longer than its lower legs). However, its lifestyle was the key to its survival. Many may speculate that it either lived by rivers and streams, or it may have lived in floodplains; however, many specimens have been dug out of sandstone, which leans more towards living near rivers, as opposed to the floodplains' mudstone. This may have provided an escape route for them, as once a predator like Tyrannosaurus showed up, the ornithischian would have jumped into the water and swam away, and it would have been unhindered by aquatic vegetation due to its semi-short legs.
Leptocleidus

### Physical Dimensions

1.5 meters long for *L.superstes*; 3 meters long for *L.capensis* and *L.clemai*

### Diet

Carnivore

Leptocleidus is a leptocleidid plesiosaurian reptile from the Early Cretaceous of South Africa, Australia, and the United Kingdom. It was named in 1922 by Roy Chapman Andrews. It was a unique plesiosaur, as it was able to live in fresh water; as well as this, and was thought to be a species of Plesiosaurus before finally being described as its own genus.

## Physiology

Leptocleidus was a plesiosaur with a slender body, 4 flippers, a short tail with a small fin on its end, a moderately long neck, and a small, conical head with a mouth filled with sharp, interlocking teeth. Its body would have been covered in scaly skin.

## Diet

Leptocleidus was a predator, preying mainly on fish and cephalopods, but also snacking on small crocodylomorphs from time to time. Its conical teeth had knife-like serrations from front to back, and were used to cut into the hides of prey.

## Ecology

Unlike other plesiosaurs, which lived out in the open ocean, Leptocleidus made itself at home in freshwater rivers and estuaries, as well as in brackish water lagoons. In fact, some may speculate that it was anadromous, usually living in brackish water, but migrating into freshwater in order to give birth to young; there, the adults would care for their young until they were large enough to look after themselves, right before returning to saltier waters. This freshwater lifestyle can probably be seen as a refuge from large marine predators; pliosaurs and sharks were the main predators of the ocean, and elasmosaurs, even with their relatively small heads, were more than capable of preying on Leptocleidus from time to time. As well as this, unlike those of other plesiosauroids, its teeth were conical and partially serrated, which best suited the generalist predator of small-midsized prey that it was; it mainly preyed on fish and cephalopods, but it may have chosen to snag small crocodylomorphs with its toothy jaws from time to time.
S8E15: "Sparkle Kitty Nights"

## Navigation

**"Sparkle Kitty Nights"** is the 15th episode in the eighth season of the series *Beer and Board Games*. The episode originally aired on May 10, 2018. The guests were Dylan Brogan and Deb Hearst.

## Notes

* The beer featured in this episode was "Willy Time" (Mason Ale Works, AVB 5%, Rotating). Deb, "I do taste that little bit of orange." Matt, "That's a big old citrus bomb." Aaron agrees, "Oh yeah." Matt continues, "Oranges, lemon it's like an XTC Album." Aaron adds, "Tastes just like 1989."
* Aaron wears a Fishbone t-shirt; Dylan wears a patriotic light jacket.
* The participants all take a shot of Malort, a liquor known for its bitter wormwood taste. Apparently, Deb was not cautioned or prepared to drink it and reacts in genuine disgust.

## Songs

* "Fight the Power" (Public Enemy), sung by Matt
	+ Lyrics: 1989 a number another summer, get down. Sound of the funky drummer."

## Memorable Quotes

**Dylan**: "*Hey, honey. Do we have any of that 'Floppy Glistening Meat' left?*"
**Deb**: "*Yeah. Yeah.*"
**Matt**: "*The dumb couple.*"

**Deb**: "*Gotta love me some 'Cuddle Meat.'*"

**Aaron**: "*I'll listen to Dylan.*"

## References

1. ↑ https://youtu.be/E14XJD2XJpU?t=5m20s
Anteosaurus

Anteosaurus is an anteosaurid therapsid synapsid from the Guadalupian of South Africa. It was named in 1921 by David Meredith Seares Watson. It was the largest dinocephalian therapsid synapsid, and by extension, the largest carnivorous non-mammalian synapsid.

## Physiology

Anteosaurus was a dinocephalian with 4 legs, a short tail, a long and bulky body, and a big head with a bony dome atop it and a mouth containing large canines in the front and smaller teeth in the back. Unlike other dinocephalians (which had relatively normal proportions), Anteosaurus was a front-heavy therapsid. Its body would have been covered in smooth skin.

## Diet

Anteosaurus was a predator, preying on pareiasaurs and other dinocephalians. Its large canines were used for slicing flesh, and its bony head dome would have been partially used to stun unsuspecting or weakened prey.

## Ecology

Despite its massive size, Anteosaurus had weak legs; combined with its sprawling legs and short tail, scientists say that it was a semi-aquatic predator similar to a crocodile. In order to hunt, it would lie near the surface, waiting for prey to come by; once they did, it would lunge forward and bite them with extreme power and ferocity. However, the bony dome atop its head tells us that the dinocephalian also spent a reasonable amount of time on land; during mating season, rival males would have either butted heads like a goat or pushed heads like an ox. As well as this, it would have been used as a weapon for stunning prey.
Eoarthropleura

Eoarthropleura is an eoarthropleurid eoarthropleurid millipede arthropod from the Pridoli-Late Devonian of Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and Canada. It was named in 1976 by Leif Størmer. It was one of the oldest terrestrial millipedes, and by extension, one of the oldest terrestrial arthropods.

## Physiology

Like its cousin, Arthropleura, Eoarthropleura resembled a large, primitive millipede, with a lengthened, flat body, broad plates protruding from the sides of each segment and running down its body, multiple pairs of walking legs, a moderately large head with short antennae and small eyes, and a semi-circular plate sitting atop its head. However, its legs were longer, its tail segment was pointier, and its body had a more ovoid shape (as opposed to Arthropleura's nearly elliptical body). Its body would have been covered in a hard, chitinous exoskeleton.

## Diet

Eoarthropleura's diet remains unknown, although some may speculate that it was an omnivore, primarily feeding on ferns, but also preying on small invertebrates.

## Ecology

Not much is known about Eoarthropleura, although some may speculate that it lived very similarly to Arthropleura, quickly crawling throughout the land, and eating anything that it came across whenever it was hungry.
Neogene

After climate change and a continental drift brought the Paleogene period to an end, the Neogene Period started. During this time, life in the Cenozoic Era reached its peak, as the mammals and birds had diversified, and had started to evolve into the more modern creatures we see today; as well as this, this period is split into two major epochs, the Miocene (early Neogene) and Pliocene (late Neogene). During the Miocene, the climate started to slowly warm up until the end of the period, and life was supported by two newly-formed biomes at the time, kelp forests and grassy plains; the the gritty, fibrous plains grass allowed grazers like horses, hippos, and rhinos to diversify. Meanwhile, the brown algae in kelp forests allowed animals like otters, fish, and aquatic invertebrates to thrive; as well as this, whales had reached their zenith in diversity during this period, allowing giant oceanic macropredators like the famous *Otodus megalodon* to evolve. At the end of the Miocene, Africa saw the rise and diversification of the great apes, a family of primates that would soon lead to man. During the Pliocene, the climate had significantly cooled down (although it was still 2-3°C warmer than today), and many landmasses saw a diversification and decline of various orders of mammals. Near the end of the Pliocene, North America and South America had formed a land bridge called the Isthmus of Panama, which allowed many South American animals to migrate to North America and vice versa; this event was called the Great American Interchange, and made a great impact on the habitat range of many families of animal. Soon, climate change would sweep this period, driving many species to extinction and giving rise to the Quaternary.

**Lasted from 23.03-2.58 mya**

## Miocene Animals (note that those are not all the ones that exist)

* Wonambi
* Hipparion
* Astrapotherium
* Epicyon
* Borhyaena
* Deinotherium
* Brontornis
* Amphicyon
* Cetotherium
* Teleoceras
* Phorusrhacos
* Otodus megalodon
* Patagosmilus
* Pelagiarctos
* Kelenken
* Gryposuchus
* Barbourofelis
* Gomphotherium
* Theosodon
* Granastrapotherium
* Langstonia
* Purussaurus
* Stegodon
* Thylacosmilus
* Megapiranha
* Livyatan
* Argentavis
* Gigantopithecus
* Mourasuchus
* Dinofelis
* Macrauchenia
* Megantereon
* Ancylotherium
* Stupendemys
* Mastodon
* Odobenocetops

## Pliocene Animals (note that those are not all the ones that exist)

* Megatherium
* Titanis
* Eremotherium
* Crocodylus thorbjarnarsoni
* Praeanthropus
* Woolly Rhinoceros
* Pachycrocuta
* Toxodon
* Elasmotherium
Arceus

**Arceus** (アルセウス?) est une espèce de Pokémon de la 4g. Il s'agit d'un Pokémon Légendaire.

Arceus est présenté dans le jeu et dans l'animé comme le Dieu des Pokémon des Humain et des Digimon. Dans le manga, il est considéré comme le Pokémon le plus puissant, ce qui est démontré à plusieurs reprises dans les films 12 et 18. Dans l'animé, il peut également apprendre toutes les attaques du monde et peut aussi toutes les absorber. On lui attribue notamment la création de l'univers grâce à ses mille bras et jambes. Les légendes reportent qu'il a créé Dialga et Palkia et Giratina, en charge respectivement du temps, de l'espace et de l'anti-matière. Il est aussi le créateur du trio légendaire composé de Créhelf, Créfollet et Créfadet (ayant apporté respectivement intelligence, émotions et volonté aux humains). Arceus est du type Normal mais équipé d'une plaque élémentaire, il peut emprunter l'un des 16 autres types existants grâce à son Talent Multi-Type. Cela changera sa couleur et le type de l'attaque Jugement, qu'il apprend au niveau 255, qui sera celui de la plaque tenue.

Physiquement, Arceus ressemble à un poney. Il porte une roue dorée sur le dos, qui change de couleur avec son type, au même titre que ses yeux. Il comprend le langage de tous les autres Pokémon ainsi que le langage humain. Il se complaît dans la solitude, isolé de toute forme de vie, d'espace et de temps et n'apparaîtra que si l'univers court un grave danger ou s'il est invoqué à l'aide d'un mystérieux rituel « Flûte Azurée » (c'est un otaku). Ses yeux sont rouges vif et sont incrustés dans des sortes de rayures métalliques, il a de chaque côté en dessous de l'oeil une tache verte.

Et c'est un perso dans la fic de tempo

 File:Tempo-0.png
 File:Tempo-0.png